codex alimentarius volume 2 pesticides residues in food

1993 

Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme 

CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION 

CODEX ALIMENTARIUS 

VOLUME 2 

PESTICIDES RESIDUES IN FOOD 

SECOND EDITION 

Section 2 

CODEX CLASSIFICATION OF FOODS AND 

ANIMAL FEEDS 

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATON OF THE UNITED NATIONS WORLD 

HEALTH ORGANIZATION 

Rome, 1993

CONTENTS 

FOREWORD................................................................................................................................... III 

EXPLANATORY NOTES ..............................................................................................................IV 

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................IV 

COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF COMMODITIES.........................................................................IV 

COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM ELABORATED IN D-BASE IV FOR THE CODEX CLASSIFICATION OF FOODS 

AND ANIMAL FEEDS ..........................................................................................................................V 

INDEX OF CLASSES, TYPES AND GROUPS OF COMMODITIES ................................... VII 

CLASS A PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF PLANT ORIGIN ......................................VII 

CLASS B PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF ANIMAL ORIGIN ...................................VII 

CLASS C PRIMARY ANIMAL FEED COMMODITIES........................................................VIII 

CLASS D PROCESSED FOODS OF PLANT ORIGIN............................................................VIII 

CLASS E PROCESSED FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN...........................................................IX 

INDEX OF GROUP LETTER CODES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) .................................... X 

INDEX OF FOOD AND ANIMAL FEED COMMODITIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER)XII 

CLASSES, TYPES AND GROUPS OF FOOD AND ANIMAL FEEDSTUFFS......................... 1 

BIBILIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................ 140 

ii

FOREWORD 

The Codex Classification of food and animal feed commodities moving in trade and the descriptions of the 

various items and groups of food and animal feedstuffs included in the present document have been 

developed within the framework of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. It was first adopted by the 

18 th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, (1989). 

The Codex Classification includes food commodities and animal feedstuffs for which Codex maximum 

residue limits will not necessarily be established. The Classification is intended to be as complete a listing of 

food commodities in trade as possible, classified into groups on the basis of the commodity’s similar potential 

for pesticide residues. 

The Classification may also be appropriate for other purposes such as setting maximum levels for other 

types of residues or for other contaminants in food. The Codex Classification should be consulted in order to 

obtain a precise description of the food or animal feed commodities and, especially, in cases where Codex 

maximum residue limits have been set for groups of food and groups of animal feedstuffs. The Codex 

Classification is intended to promote harmonisation of the terms used to describe commodities which are 

subject to maximum residue limits and of the approach to grouping commodities with similar potential for 

residue for which a common group maximum residue limit can be set. 

iii

EXPLANATORY NOTES 

Introduction 

The Codex Classification of Foods and Feeds is intended primarily to ensure the use of uniform 

nomenclature and secondarily to classify foods into groups and/or sub-groups for the purpose of establishing 

group maximum residue limits for commodities with similar characteristics and residue potential. 

The major differences in exposure to pesticides and metabolites of pesticides in plants and animals call for a 

primary classification into foods and feeds of plant origin and those of animal origin. Processed foods 

prepared from these primary food commodities are again separated into those of plant origin and of animal 

origin. 

Multi-ingredient manufactured foods containing ingredients of both plant and animal origin are listed as plant 

or animal origin depending upon the main ingredients. 

In the event that residues are greater in the processed food than in the raw agricultural commodity from 

which it is derived, as a separate MRL should be considered for the processed food. In addition, there are a 

number of situations where special considerations may be needed: 

(i) when the processed food represents the sole or major food intake of infants and young children; 

(ii) when toxic interaction or degradation products from pesticides are found in the food during or 

after processing; 

(iii) when a significant residue results from a pesticide used in processing or storage practice 

(including impregnation of wrapping materials) 

Crops, parts of crops and other commodities which are used as animal feed, eg alfalfa, sugar beet tops, pea 

vines and hay, may contain residues and hence give rise to residues in products of animal origin. Such 

commodities are listed for convenience in a separate class: Class C - Primary Animal Feed Commodities 

The food commodities selected for this classification are mainly those having current or potential significance 

in international or national trade. A limited number of commodities of regional importance have also been 

included. 

Common and scientific names of commodities 

A single food or animal feed is often known under several common names. In a like manner, the use of 

similar names for different commodities is not uncommon. In this classification uniform terminology 

associated with recognised scientific names has been developed. 

Different common names used for the same or a closely related commodity, or cultivars of the same 

agricultural crop have been cross-referenced as far as possible to a single common name. Similarly a 

qualification has been used to modify a common name, where the use of a generic name fails to identify the 

specific commodity adequately. 

However, specific cultivars distinguished by their own common names in agricultural practice and in 

international trade are indicated with these common and scientific species and cultivar names, eg nectarine, 

a specific peach variety or cultivar is distinguished from all other peach cultivars. 

In cases where commonly used regional or national English names are different from the correct English 

common name, priority is given to the latter and the other names are referred to it eg., “corn” is referred to 

the correct name, “maize”. 

iv

The common names, scientific names and descriptions used in existing Codex standards were taken into 

account and given priority as far as possible. 

The terminology used in this classification closely follows “Plant and Plant Products of Economic Importance 

Terminology Bulletin (1974)” and the terminology used in various FAO statistics. 

Within the broad classes of Foods of Plant Origin and Foods of Animal Origin, usage distinguishes groups of 

similar commodities such as Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts, Mammalian Products, Aquatic Animal Products etc. 

The present classification uses 19 types of commodities: 

Class A Primary Food Commodities of Plant Origin 5 types 

B Primary Food Commodities of Animal Origin 5 types 

C Primary Feed Commodities 1 type 

D Processed Food of Plant Origin 4 types 

E Processed Food of Animal Origin 4 types 

The “Type” definitions developed for this classification are based on physical characteristics and traditional 

use and to a lesser extent on botanical or zoological associations. A Food “Type” is in general much too 

broad to be covered by a single (general) maximum residue limit. 

With the “Types”, groups have been developed whose members show similarities in their behaviour with 

respect to residues and in the nature of the agricultural practices to which they are subjected and, to a 

certain extent, in their botanical or zoological associations. 

The terminology and definitions in the classification recognise and respect, as far as possible, regional 

differences which occur in the use of certain food commodities. Sometimes, these are inconsistent with 

regard the “Types” to which the commodity(ies) belong. 

There are no universally recognised guides to distinguish between different uses of the same commodity, eg, 

a herb may be used sparingly for flavouring of other food commodities in one geographical region but in 

substantial amounts as a pot vegetable in another region. If, however, a commodity exists in forms which 

differ in appearance, or if different cultivars are involved, the commodity (crop or animal species) is 

separately included in two or more groups, eg turnip, listed as a root crop (Group 016) and turnip leaves, 

listed with leafy vegetables (Group 013). 

As far as practicable, the commodity “Group” or “Sub-Group” names currently used by the Codex Committee 

on Pesticide Residues for the establishment of Codex maximum residue limits for pesticides have been 

used. However, in some cases the definition of the commodities covered by existing “Group” maximum 

residue limits for groups of commodities are occasionally not applicable to the groups used in this 

classification. 

For each group in the classification, reference is made to the potential for acquiring residues, the portions of 

the crops or animals which are normally consumed and the portions of the commodities to which the MRLs 

apply (and which are analysed). 

Computerized System elaborated in D-base IV for the Codex Classification of Foods and 

Animal Feeds 

The Codex Classification of Foods and Animal Feeds was published in Part 4 of the “Guide to Codex 

Recommendations Concerning Pesticides Residues” in 1989 (CAC/PR 4-1989). The Codex Classification 

uses five classes and each class is divided into types. All Types are divided into groups. A review of the 

whole system used in order to link the classification by programme to the file which contains all Codex 

pesticides/commodity combinations was carried out for a computerized management of the Classification. 

With reference to the need to give a code number to all commodities for their identification by programme, a 

literary code has been mantained and a progressive number of the Series 4000 has been allocated. This 

v

Series refers to a large group of synonyms. Though these changes, each commodity will be represented by 

the following information in the computerized system: class; type; group; letter code; numerical code; 

description. 

vi

INDEX OF CLASSES, TYPES AND GROUPS OF COMMODITIES 

CLASS A PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF PLANT ORIGIN 

01 Fruits 

02 Vegetables 

03 Grasses 

04 Nuts and Seeds 

Type No. Group Group 

Letter 

Code 

05 Herbs and Spices 

001 Citrus fruits FC 1 

002 Pome fruits FP 5 

003 Stone fruits FS 6 

004 Berries and other small fruits FB 8 

005 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel FT 11 

006 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible 

peel 

FI 14 

009 Bulb vegetables VA 18 

010 Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, Head 

cabbages, Flowerhead cabbages 

VB 20 

011 Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits VC 22 

012 Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits VO 26 

013 Leafy vegetables (including Brassica leafy 

vegetables) 

VL 29 

014 Legume vegetables VP 35 

015 Pulses VD 39 

016 Root and tuber vegetables VR 42 

017 Stalk and stem vegetables VS 47 

020 Cereal grains GC 48 

021 Grasses, for sugar or syrup production GS 52 

022 Tree nuts TN 53 

023 Oilseed SO 56 

024 Seed for beverages and sweets SB 58 

027 Herbs HH 59 

028 Spices HS 63 

CLASS B PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 

Type 

06 Mammalian products 

No. Group Group 

Letter 

Code 

030 Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals) MM 66 

031 Mammalian fats MF 69 

032 Edible offal (mammalian) MO 70 

Pag. 

No. 

Pag. 

No. 

vii

07 Poultry products 

033 Milks ML 72 

036 Poultry meat (including Pigeon meat) PM 73 

037 Poultry fats PF 75 

038 Poultry, Edible offal of PO 76 

039 Eggs PE 77 

08 Aquatic animal products 

040 Freshwater fish WF 78 

041 Diadromous fish WD 81 

042 Marine fish WS 84 

043 Fish roe (including milt = soft roe) and edible offal of 

fish: offal 

WL 92 

043 Fish roe (including milt = soft roe) and edible offal of 

fish: roe 

WR 92 

044 Marine mammals WM 93 

045 Crustaceans WC 95 

046 Reserved 

047 Reserved 

09 Amphibians and reptiles 

048 Frogs, lizards, snakes and turtles AR 98 

10 Invertebrate animals 

049 Molluscs (including Cephalopods) and other 

invertebrate animals 

CLASS C PRIMARY ANIMAL FEED COMMODITIES 


Letter 

Code 

11 Primary feed commodities of plant origin 

IM 100 

050 Legume animal feeds AL 103 

051 Straw, fodder and forage of cereal grains and 

grasses (including buckwheat fodder) 

(forage) 

AF 106 

051 Straw, fodder and forage of cereal grains and 


(straws and fodders dry) 

AS 106 

052 Miscellaneous Fodder and Forage crops 

(forage) 

AV 109 

052 Miscellaneous Fodder and Forage crops 

fodder) 

AM 109 

CLASS D PROCESSED FOODS OF PLANT ORIGIN 


Letter 

Code 

12 Secondary food commodities of plant origin 

055 Dried fruits DF 111 

056 Dried vegetables DV 113 

057 Dried herbs DH 114 

Pag. 

No. 

Pag. 

No. 

viii

058 Milled cereal products (early milling stages) CM 116 

059 Miscellaneous secondary food commodities of plant 

origin 

SM 117 

13 Derived products of plant origin 

065 Cereal grain milling fractions CF 118 

066 Teas DT 120 

067 Vegetable oils, crude OC 122 

068 Vegetable oils, edible (or refined) OR 123 

069 Miscellaneous derived edible products of plant 


DM 124 

070 Fruit juices JF 125 

071 By-products, used for animal feeding purposes, 

derived from fruit and vegetable processing 

AB 126 

14 Manufactured foods (single-ingredient) of plant origin 

075 Reserved 

15 Manufactured foods (multi-ingredient) of plant origin 

078 Manufactured multi-ingredient cereal products CP 128 

CLASS E PROCESSED FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 


Letter 

Code 

16 Secondary food commodities of animal origin 

080 Dried meat and fish products MD 129 

081 Reserved 

082 Secondary milk products LS 131 

17 Derived edible products of animal origin 

084 Crustaceans, processed SC 132 

085 Animal fats, processed FA 134 

086 Milk fats FM 136 

087 Derived milk products LD 137 

18 Manufactured food (single-ingredient) of animal origin 

090 Manufactured milk products (single-ingredient) LI 138 

19 Manufactured food (multi-ingredient) of animal origin 

092 Manufactured milk products (multi-ingredient) LM 139 

Pag. 

No. 

ix

INDEX OF GROUP LETTER CODES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) 

Group 

Letter 

Code 

Group Class Type Group 

No. 

Page 

No. 

AB By-products, used for animal feeding purposes, 

derived from fruit and vegetable processing 

D 13 071 126 

AF Straw, fodder and forage of cereal grains and 


C 11 051 106 

AL Legume animal feeds C 11 050 103 

AM Miscellaneous Fodder and Forage crops C 11 052 109 

AR Frogs, lizards, snakes and turtles B 09 048 98 

AS Straw, fodder and forage of cereal grains and 


C 11 051 106 

AV Miscellaneous Fodder and Forage crops C 11 052 109 

CF Cereal grain milling fractions D 13 065 118 

CM Milled cereal products (early milling stages) D 12 058 116 

CP Manufactured multi-ingredient cereal products D 15 078 128 

DF Dried fruits D 12 055 111 

DH Dried herbs D 12 057 114 

DM Miscellaneous derived edible products of plant 


D 13 069 124 

DT Teas D 13 066 120 

DV Dried vegetables D 13 056 113 

FA Animal fats, processed E 17 085 134 

FB Berries and other small fruits A 01 004 8 

FC Citrus fruits A 01 001 1 

FI Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible 

peel 

A 01 006 11 

FM Milk fats E 17 086 136 

FP Pome fruits A 01 002 5 

FS Stone fruits A 01 003 6 

FT Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel A 01 005 11 

GC Cereal grains A 03 020 48 

GS Grasses for sugar or syrup production A 03 021 52 

HH Herbs A 05 027 59 

HS Spices A 05 028 63 

IM Molluscs (including Cephalopods) and other 

invertebrate animals 

B 10 049 100 

JF Fruit juices D 13 070 125 

LD Derived milk products E 17 087 137 

LI Manufactured milk products (single-ingredient) E 18 090 138 

LM Manufactured milk products (multi-ingredient) E 19 092 139 

LS Secondary milk products E 16 082 131 

MD Dried meat and fish products E 16 080 129 

MF Mammalian fats B 06 031 69 

ML Milks B 06 033 72 

MM Meat (from animals other than marine mammals) B 06 030 66 

MO Edible offal (mammalian) B 06 032 70 

OC Vegetable oils, crude D 13 067 122 

OR Vegetable oils, edible (or refined) D 13 068 123 

PE Eggs B 07 039 77 

PF Poultry fats B 07 037 75 

x

Group 

Letter 

Code 

Group Class Type Group 

No. 

Page 

No. 

PM Poultry meat (including Pigeon meat) B 07 036 73 

PO Poultry, Edible offal of B 07 038 76 

SB Seed for beverages and sweets A 04 024 58 

SC Crustaceans, processed E 16 084 132 

SM Miscellaneous secondary food commodities of plant 


D 12 059 117 

SO Oilseed A 04 023 56 

TN Tree nuts A 04 022 53 

VA Bulb vegetables A 02 009 18 

VB Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, Head 

cabbage, Flowerhead brassicas 

A 02 010 20 

VC Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits A 02 011 22 

VD Pulses A 02 015 39 

VL Leafy vegetables (including Brassica leafy 

vegetables) 

A 02 013 29 

VO Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits A 02 012 26 

VP Legume vegetables A 02 014 35 

VR Root and tuber vegetables A 02 016 42 

VS Stalk and stem vegetables A 02 017 47 

WC Crustaceans B 08 045 95 

WD Diadromous fish B 08 041 81 

WF Freshwater fish B 08 040 78 

WL Fish roe (including milt = soft roe) and edible offal of 

fish: offal 

B 08 043 92 

WM Marine mammals B 08 044 93 

WR Fish roe (including milt = soft roe) and edible offal of 

fish: roe 

B 08 043 92 

WS Marine fish B 08 042 84 

xi

INDEX OF FOOD AND ANIMAL FEED COMMODITIES 

(In Alphabetical order) 

Class 

Group Code No. Commodity 

A 005 FT 4095 Acerola, see Barbados cherry 

A 020 GC 4597 Acha, see Hungry Rice 

A 006 FI 5298 Achiote, see Annatto 

A 016 VR 4527 Achira, see Canna, edible 

A 020 GC 4599 Adlay, see Job’s Tears 

A 015 VD 0560 Adzuki bean (dry) 

A 020 GC 4601 African millet, see Millet, Finger 

A 006 FI 0325 Akee apple 

B 042 WS 4937 Albacore, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

C 050 AL 1020 Alfalfa fodder 

C 050 AL 1021 Alfalfa forage (green) 

A 012 VO 4265 Alkekengi, see Ground cherries 

A 028 HS 4769 Allspice fruit, see Pimento 

A 022 TN 0660 Almonds 

A 016 VR 0570 Alocasia 

A 013 VL 0460 Amaranth 

A 005 FT 0285 Ambarella 

A 013 VL 4313 Amsoi, see Indian Mustard 

B 040 WF 4837 Amur pike, see Pike 

B 042 WS 0920 Anchovies 

A 028 HS 0720 Angelica seed 

A 027 HH 0720 Angelica, including Garden Angelica 

D 057 DH 0720 Angelica, including Garden Angelica (dry) 

A 028 HS 4771 Angelica, root, stem and leaves, see Group 027: Herbs, Angelica, 

including Garden Angelica 

A 014 VP 4393 Angola pea (immature seed), see Pigeon pea 

A 015 VD 4465 Angola pea, see Pigeon pea 

A 028 HS 0771 Anise seed 

A 028 HS 4773 Aniseed, see Anise seed 

A 006 FI 0324 Annatto 

A 005 FT 4097 Aonla, see Otaheite gooseberry 

A 002 FP 0226 Apple 

D 070 JF 0226 Apple juice 

D 071 AB 0226 Apple pomace, dry 

D 055 DF 0226 Apples, dried 

A 003 FS 0240 Apricot 

D 055 DF 0240 Apricots, dried 

A 005 FT 0286 Arbutus berry 

B 041 WD 4867 Arctic char, see Trout 

A 016 VR 0571 Arracacha 

A 016 VR 0572 Arrowhead 

A 016 VR 0573 Arrowroot 

A 013 VL 4315 Arrugula, see Rucola 

A 017 VS 0620 Artichoke, Globe 

A 017 VS 0621 Asparagus 

A 014 VP 4395 Asparagus bean (pods), see Yard-long bean 

A 014 VP 4397 Asparagus pea (pods), see Goa bean 

A 005 FT 0026 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel 

A 006 FT 0030 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible peel 

B 041 WD 4877 Atlantic salmon, see Salmon, Atlantic 

A 012 VO 4267 Aubergine, see Egg plant 

A 006 FI 0326 Avocado 

xii

Class 


A 027 HH 0721 Balm leaves 

D 057 DH 0721 Balm leaves, dry 

A 011 VC 0420 Balsam apple 

A 011 VC 0421 Balsam pear 

A 013 VL 0421 Balsam pear leaves 

A 015 VD 0520 Bambara groundnut (dry seed) 

A 014 VP 0520 Bambara groundnut (immature seeds) 

A 017 VS 0622 Bamboo shoots 

A 006 FI 0327 Banana 

A 006 FI 0328 Banana, Dwarf 

A 005 FT 0287 Barbados cherry 

B 040 WF 0855 Barbs 

A 020 GC 0640 Barley 

C 051 AS 0640 Barley straw and fodder, dry 

B 042 WS 0921 Barracudas 

B 041 WD 0898 Barramundi 

A 027 HH 0722 Basil 

D 057 DH 0722 Basil, dry 

A 027 HH 0723 Bay leaves 

D 057 DH 0723 Bay leaves, dry 

C 050 AL 0061 Bean fodder 

C 050 AL 1030 Bean forage (green) 

C 050 AL 1022 Bean, Velvet 

A 015 VD 0071 Beans (dry) 

A 014 VP 0061 Beans, except broad bean and soya bean 

A 014 VP 0062 Beans, shelled 

A 004 FB 0260 Bearberry 

E 080 MD 5297 Beche-de-mer, dried, see Sea-cucumbers, dried 

B 049 IM 5163 Beche-de-mer, see Sea-cucumbers 

A 022 TN 0661 Beech nuts 

A 013 VL 4317 Beet leaves, see Chard 

A 016 VR 0574 Beetroot 

A 012 VO 4269 Bell pepper, see Peppers, Sweet 

A 023 SO 0690 Ben Moringa seed 

C 051 AS 5241 Bermuda grass 

A 004 FB 0018 Berries and other small fruits 

A 013 VL 0461 Betel leaves 

A 001 FC 4000 Bigarade see Orange, Sour 

B 042 WS 4939 Bigeye tuna, see Tuna, Bigeye 

A 004 FB 0261 Bilberry 

A 004 FB 0262 Bilberry, Bog 

A 004 FB 0263 Bilberry, Red 

A 005 FT 0288 Bilimbi 

A 013 VL 4319 Bitter cucumber leaves, see Balsam pear leaves 

A 011 VC 4193 Bitter cucumber, see Balsam pear 

A 011 VC 4195 Bitter gourd, see Balsam pear 

A 011 VC 4197 Bitter melon, see Balsam pear 

B 040 WF 0856 Black bass 

D 070 JF 1140 Black currant juice 

A 015 VD 0521 Black gram 

A 014 VP 0521 Black gram (green pods) 

A 016 VR 4529 Black salsify, see Scorzonera 

A 015 VD 4467 Black-eyed pea, see Cowpea 

A 004 FB 0264 Blackberries 

B 042 WS 4940 Blackfin tuna, see Tuna, Blackfin 

xiii

Class 


A 013 VL 4321 Blackjack 

A 013 VL 4323 Bledo, see Amaranth 

A 001 FC 4001 Blood orange, see Orange, Sweet 

A 004 FB 0020 Blueberries 

A 004 FB 4073 Blueberry, Highbush, see Blueberries 

A 004 FB 4075 Blueberry, Lowbush, see Blueberries 

A 004 FB 4077 Blueberry, Rabbiteye, see Blueberries 

B 042 WS 0922 Bluefish 

B 043 WR 0922 Bluefish roe (m) 

B 040 WF 0857 Bluegill sunfish, or Bluegill bream 

C 051 AS 5243 Bluegrass 

B 042 WS 0923 Bogue 

A 014 VP 4399 Bonavist bean (young pods and immature seeds), see Hyacinth 

bean 

A 015 VD 4469 Bonavist bean, see Hyacinth bean 

B 042 WS 0924 Bonito 

B 042 WS 4941 Bonito, Atlantic, see Bonito 

B 042 WS 4943 Bonito, Eastern Pacific, see Bonito 

A 027 HH 0724 Borage 

D 057 DH 0724 Borage, dry 

A 013 VL 4325 Borecole, see Kale, curly 

A 011 VC 0422 Bottle Gourd 

A 013 VL 0462 Box thorn 

A 004 FB 4079 Boysenberry, see Dewberry 

D 058 CM 0081 Bran; unprocessed of cereal grain 

A 010 VB 0040 Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, Head cabbages, 

Flowerhead brassicas 

A 013 VL 0054 Brassica leafy vegetables 

A 022 TN 0662 Brazil nut 

A 005 FT 4099 Brazilian cherry, see Grumichana 

D 078 CP 0179 Bread and other cooked cereal products 

A 006 FI 0329 Breadfruit 

B 040 WF 0858 Bream 

B 042 WS 0956 Bream, Silver 

B 042 SW 4945 Brill, see Turbot 

A 015 VD 0523 Broad bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 0522 Broad bean (green pods and immature seeds) 

A 014 VP 0523 Broad bean, shelled (succulent) (= immature seeds) 

A 010 VB 0400 Broccoli 

A 013 VL 4327 Broccoli raab 

A 010 VB 0401 Broccoli, Chinese 

A 010 VB 4173 Broccoli, Sprouting, see Broccoli 

C 051 AS 5245 Brome grass 

B 041 WD 4869 Brook trout, see Trout 

B 041 WD 4871 Brown trout, see Trout 

B 040 WF 4839 Brown trout, see Trout, Brown 

A 020 GC 4603 Brown-corn millet, see Millet, Common 

A 010 VB 0402 Brussels sprouts 

A 020 GC 0641 Buckwheat 

C 051 AS 0641 Buckwheat fodder 

B 031 MF 0810 Buffalo fat 

B 030 MM 0810 Buffalo meat 

B 033 ML 0810 Buffalo milk 

E 086 FM 0810 Buffalo milk fat 

E 085 FA 0810 Buffalo tallow 

xiv

Class 


B 030 MM 4789 Buffalo, African, meat, see Buffalo meat 

B 030 MM 4791 Buffalo, American, meat, see Buffalo meat 

B 030 MM 4793 Buffalo, Cape, meat, see Buffalo, African, meat 

B 032 MO 0810 Buffalo, Edible offal of 

B 030 MM 4795 Buffalo, Water, meat, see Buffalo meat 

A 009 VA 0035 Bulb vegetables 

A 009 VA 0036 Bulb vegetables, except Fennel, Bulb 

A 003 FS 0241 Bullace 

B 048 AR 5145 Bullfrog, Indian, see Frogs 

B 048 AR 5143 Bullfrog, see Frogs 

A 020 GC 4607 Bulrush millet, see Millet, Bulrush 

A 016 VR 0575 Burdock, greater or edible 

A 027 HH 0725 Burnet, Great 

A 027 HH 4731 Burnet, Salad, see Burnet, Great 

A 027 HH 0728 Burning bush 

D 057 DH 0728 Burning bush, dry 

A 022 TN 4681 Bush nut, see Macadamia nut 

A 014 VP 4401 Butter bean (immature pods), see Lima bean 

A 015 VD 4470 Butter bean, see Lima bean 

A 022 TN 0663 Butter nut 

B 042 WS 0925 Butterfish 

A 010 VB 4177 Cabbage, Green, see Cabbage, Savoy 

A 010 VB 4181 Cabbage, Oxhead, see Cabbages, Head 

A 010 VB 4183 Cabbage, Pointed, see Cabbage, Oxhead 

A 010 VB 4179 Cabbage, Red, see Cabbages, Head 

A 010 VB 0403 Cabbage, Savoy, see also Cabbages, Head 

A 010 VB 4175 Cabbage, see Cabbages, Head 

A 010 VB 4187 Cabbage, Yellow, see Cabbage, Savoy 

A 010 VB 4185 Cabbage, White, see Cabbages, Head 

A 010 VB 0041 Cabbages, Head 

A 024 SB 0715 Cacao beans 

A 020 GC 0642 Cañihua 

A 014 VP 4402 Cajan pea (young green seeds), see Pigeon pea 

A 015 VC 4471 Cajan pea, see Pigeon pea 

A 001 FC 0201 Calamondin, see also Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

A 028 HS 0772 Calamus, root 

B 030 MM 4797 Calf meat, see Cattle meat 

B 031 MF 0811 Camel fat 

B 030 MM 0811 Camel meat 

B 033 ML 0811 Camel milk 

E 086 FM 0811 Camel milk fat 

E 085 FA 0811 Camel tallow 

B 030 MM 4799 Camel, Bactrian, meat, see Camel meat 

B 032 MO 0811 Camel, Edible offal of 

D 066 DT 1110 Camomile or Chamomile 

D 066 DT 5277 Camomile, German or Scented, see Camomile 

D 066 DT 5279 Camomile, Roman or Noble, see Camomile 

A 006 FI 0330 Canistel 

A 016 VR 0576 Canna, edible 

A 011 VC 4199 Cantaloupe, see Melons 

A 012 VO 4271 Cape gooseberry, see Ground cherries 

B 042 WS 0926 Capelin 

A 028 HS 0773 Caper buds 

A 005 FT 0289 Carambola 

A 005 FT 0290 Caranda 

xv

Class 


A 028 HS 0774 Caraway seed 

A 028 HS 0775 Cardamom seed 

A 017 VS 0623 Cardoon 

A 005 FT 0291 Carob 

A 009 VA 4153 Carosella, see Fennel, Italian 

B 040 WF 4843 Carp, Chinese, see Carp, Grass 

B 040 WF 4841 Carp, Common, see Carps 

B 040 WF 4845 Carp, Grass, see Carps 

B 040 WF 0860 Carp, Indian 

B 040 WF 0859 Carps 

A 016 VR 0577 Carrot 

A 011 VC 4201 Casaba or Casaba melon, see Subgroup Melons, except 

Watermelon 

A 005 FT 0292 Cashew apple 

A 022 TN 0295 Cashew nut 

A 016 VR 0463 Cassava 

A 013 VL 0463 Cassava leaves 

A 016 VR 4531 Cassava, Bitter, see Cassava 

A 016 VR 4533 Cassava, Sweet, see Cassava 

A 028 HS 4775 Cassia bark, see Cinnamon bark 

A 028 HS 0776 Cassia buds 

D 070 JF 5293 Cassis, see Black Currant juice 

A 020 GC 4609 Cat-tail millet, see Millet, Bulrush 

B 042 WS 4947 Catfish, Sea, see Wolffish 

B 040 WF 0861 Catfishes (freshwater) 

A 014 VP 4404 Catjang cowpea (immature pods and green seeds), see Cowpea 

A 027 HH 0726 Catmint 

D 057 DH 0726 Catmint, dry 

A 027 HH 4733 Catnip, see Catmint 

B 031 MF 0812 Cattle fat 

B 030 MM 0812 Cattle meat 

E 080 MD 0812 Cattle meat, dried (including dried and smoked) 

B 033 ML 0812 Cattle milk 

E 086 FM 0812 Cattle milk fat 

E 085 FA 0812 Cattle tallow (including processed suet) 

B 032 MO 0812 Cattle, Edible offal of 

B 032 MO 1280 Cattle, kidney 

B 032 MO 1281 Cattle, liver 

A 010 VB 4189 Cauliflower, Green, see Cauliflower 

A 010 VB 0404 Cauliflower, see also Subgroup Flowerhead brassicas 

A 016 VR 0578 Celeriac 

A 017 VX 0624 Celery 

A 013 VL 4329 Celery cabbage, see Chinese cabbage 

A 027 HH 0624 Celery leaves 

D 057 DH 0624 Celery leaves, dry 

A 017 VS 4595 Celery leaves, see Herbs: Group 027 

A 013 VL 4331 Celery mustard, see Pak-choi or Paksoi 

A 028 HS 0624 Celery seed 

A 017 VS 0625 Celtuce 

B 049 IM 0152 Cephalopods 

D 065 CF 0081 Cereal brans, processed 

A 020 GC 0080 Cereal grains 

A 020 GC 0081 Cereal grains, except Buckwheat, Cañihua and Quinoa 

B 040 WF 4847 Channel catfish, see Catfishes (freshwater) 

B 041 WD 4873 Char, see Lake Trout 

xvi

Class 


A 013 VL 0464 Chard 

A 011 VC 0423 Chayote 

A 016 VR 0423 Chayote root 

A 006 FT 0331 Cherimoya 

A 003 FS 0013 Cherries 

A 012 VO 4273 Cherry pepper, see Peppers, Chili 

A 003 FS 0242 Cherry plum 

B 041 WD 4875 Cherry salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 012 VO 4275 Cherry tomato, see Ground cherries 

A 003 FS 0243 Cherry, Sour 

A 003 FS 0244 Cherry, Sweet 

A 013 VL 0465 Chervil 

A 016 VR 0579 Chervil, Turnip-rooted 

A 027 HH 4735 Chervil, see Group 013: Leafy vegetables 

A 022 TN 0664 Chestnuts 

A 015 VD 0524 Chick-pea (dry) 

A 014 VP 0524 Chick-pea (green pods) 

C 050 AL 0524 Chick-pea fodder 

A 003 FS 4053 Chickasaw plum, see Plum, Chickasaw 

A 020 GC 4611 Chicken corn, see Sorghum 

B 039 PE 0840 Chicken eggs 

B 037 PF 0840 Chicken fat 

E 085 FA 0840 Chicken fat, processed 

B 036 PM 0840 Chicken meat 

B 038 PO 0840 Chicken, Edible offal of 

C 050 AL 5217 Chickling vetch, see Vetch, Chickling 

A 013 VL 0469 Chicory leaves (green and red cultivars) 

A 016 VR 0469 Chicory, roots 

A 012 VO 4277 Chilli peppers, see Peppers, Chili 

A 013 VL 0467 Chinese cabbage, (type Pe-tsai) 

A 006 FI 4127 Chinese gooseberry, see Kiwifruit 

A 012 VO 4279 Chinese lantern plant, see Ground cherries 

A 005 FT 0293 Chinese olive, Black, White 

A 006 FI 4128 Chinese persimmon, see Subgroup 0005 Persimmon, Japanese 

A 016 VR 4535 Chinese radish, see Radish, Japanese 

B 041 WD 4889 Chinook salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 001 FC 4002 Chinotto, see Orange, Sour 

A 022 TN 4683 Chinquapin, see Chestnuts 

A 001 FC 4003 Chironja, see Subgroup Oranges, Sweet, Sour (including Orangelike 

hybrids) 

A 027 HH 0727 Chives 

A 027 HH 4737 Chives, Chinese, see Chives 

A 009 VA 4157 Chives, Chinese, see Group 027: Herbs 

A 009 VA 4155 Chives, see Group 027: Herbs 

A 013 VL 0468 Choisum 

A 011 VC 4203 Christophine, see Chaoyote 

A 016 VR 4537 Christophine, see Chayote root 

A 016 VR 4581 Chufa, see Tiger nut 

B 041 WD 4891 Chum salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 028 HS 0777 Cinnamon bark (including Cinnamon, Chinese bark) 

A 011 VC 4205 Citron melon, see Watermelon 

A 001 FC 0202 Citron, see also Subgroup 0002 Lemons and Limes 

A 001 FC 0001 Citrus fruits 

D 070 JF 0001 Citrus juice 

D 069 DM 0001 Citrus molasses 

xvii

Class 


D 071 AB 0001 Citrus pulp, dry 

B 049 IM 1000 Clams 

A 027 HH 4739 Clary, see Sage (and related Salvia species) 

A 001 FC 4005 Clementine, see Mandarin 

A 001 FC 4006 Cleopatra mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

A 004 FB 0277 Cloudberry 

C 050 AL 1023 Clover 

C 050 AL 1031 Clover hay or fodder 

A 028 HS 0778 Cloves, buds 

A 014 VP 0525 Cluster bean (young pods) 

A 012 VO 4281 Cluster pepper, see Peppers, Chili 

B 042 WS 4949 Coalfish, see Pollack 

B 049 IM 5165 Cockle, Common, see Cockles 

B 049 IM 1001 Cockles 

A 005 FT 0294 Coco plum 

D 069 DM 1215 Cocoa butter 

D 069 DM 1216 Cocoa mass 

D 069 DM 0715 Cocoa powder 

A 022 TN 0665 Coconut 

D 67 OC 0665 Coconut oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0665 Coconut oil, refined 

A 023 SO 4701 Coconut, see Group 022: Tree nuts 

A 016 VR 4539 Cocoyam, see Tannia and Taro 

B 042 WS 0927 Cod 

B 042 WS 0126 Cod and Cod-like fishes 

B 043 WL 0927 Cod Liver (m) 

B 043 WR 0927 Cod roe (m) 

B 042 WS 4951 Cod, Atlantic, see Cod 

B 042 WS 4953 Cod, Greenland, see Cod 

B 040 WF 0869 Cod, Murray 

B 042 WS 4955 Cod, Pacific, see Cod 

E 080 MD 0927 Cod, dried 

A 024 SB 0716 Coffee beans 

D 069 SM 0716 Coffee beans, roasted 

B 041 WD 4893 Coho Salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 024 SB 0717 Cola nuts 

A 013 VL 4332 Collard, see Kale 

A 023 SO 4705 Colza, Indian, see Mustard seed, Field 

A 023 SO 4703 Colza, see Rape seed 

A 015 VD 0526 Common bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 0526 Common bean (pods and/or immature seeds) 

A 012 VO 4283 Cone pepper, see Peppers, Chili 

B 042 WS 0928 Conger or Conger eel 

B 042 WS 4957 Conger, European, see Conger 

A 028 HS 0779 Coriander, seed 

D 078 CP 5295 Corn bread, see Maize bread 

D 065 CF 5273 Corn flour, see Maize flour 

C 051 AS 5247 Corn fodder, see Maize fodder 

C 051 AF 5249 Corn forage, see Maize forage 

D 065 CF 5275 Corn meal, see Maize meal 

D 067 OC 5289 Corn oil, crude, see Maize oil, crude 

D 068 OR 5291 Corn oil, edible, see Maize oil, edible 

A 013 VL 0470 Corn salad 

A 020 GC 4613 Corn, see Maize 

A 020 GC 4617 Corn, whole kernel (Codex Stand. 132-1981), see Fruiting 

xviii

Class 


vegetables (other than Cucurbits),Group 012: sweet corn (kernels) 

A 020 GC 4615 Corn-on-the-cob (Codex Stand. 133-1981), see Fruiting 

vegetables (other than Cucurbits),Group 012 

A 012 VO 4285 Corn-on-the-cob, see Sweet corn (corn-on-the-cob) 

A 013 VL 0510 Cos lettuce 

A 027 HH 4741 Costmary, see Tansy (and related species) 

C 052 AM 0691 Cotton fodder, dry 

A 023 SO 0691 Cotton seed 

D 067 OC 0691 Cotton seed oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0691 Cotton seed oil, edible 

A 011 VC 4207 Courgette, see Squash, Summer 

C 052 AV 1050 Cow cabbage 

A 004 FB 4081 Cowberry, see Bilberry, Red 

A 015 VD 0527 Cowpea (dry) 

A 014 VP 0527 Cowpea (immature pods) 

A 013 VL 4333 Cowslip, see Marsh marigold 

A 002 FP 0227 Crab-apple 

E 084 SC 0146 Crabmeat, cooked 

B 045 WC 0146 Crabs 

A 004 FB 0265 Cranberry 

A 013 VL 0472 Cress, Garden 

D 057 DH 5269 Cretan Dittany,dry, see Burning bush, dry 

A 027 HH 4743 Cretan Dittany, see Burning bush 

A 013 VL 4335 Crisphead lettuce, see Lettuce, Head 

B 045 WC 0143 Crustaceans 

E 084 SC 0143 Crustaceans, cooked 

A 011 VC 0424 Cucumber 

A 011 VC 4209 Cucuzzi, see Bottle Gourd 

A 028 HS 0780 Cumin seed 

A 013 VL 4347 Curly kale, see Kale, curly 

A 004 FB 0278 Currant, Black, see also Currants, Black, Red, White 

A 004 FB 0279 Currant, Red, White, see also Currants, Black, Red, White 

D 055 DF 5257 Currants 

A 004 FB 0021 Currants, Black, Red, White 

A 027 HH 0729 Curry leaves 

A 011 VC 4211 Cushaws, see Pumpkins 

A 006 FI 0332 Custard apple 

B 041 WD 4895 Cutthroat trout, see Trout 

A 013 VL 4339 Cutting lettuce, see Lettuce, Leaf 

B 049 IM 5167 Cuttlefish, Common, see Cuttlefishes 

B 049 IM 1002 Cuttlefishes 

B 042 WS 0929 Dab or Common dab 

E 080 MD 0929 Dab or Common dab, dried 

A 016 VR 4543 Daikon, see Radish, Japanese 

A 003 FS 4055 Damsons (Damson plums), see Plum, Damson 

A 001 FC 4007 Dancy or Dancy Mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

A 013 VL 0474 Dandelion 

A 020 GC 4619 Dari seed, see Sorghum 

C 051 AS 5251 Darnel 

A 016 VR 4541 Dasheen, see Taro 

A 005 FT 0295 Date 

D 055 DF 0295 Dates, dried or dried and candied 

B 030 MM 0813 Deer meat 

B 030 MM 4803 Deer, Fallow, meat, see Deer meat 

B 030 MM 4805 Deer, Red, meat, see Deer meat 

xix

Class 


A 005 FT 0296 Desert date 

A 023 SO 4707 Desert date, see Group 005: Assorted tropical and sub-tropical 

fruits – edible peel 

A 004 FB 0266 Dewberries (including Boysenberry and Loganberry) 

B 041 WD 0120 Diadromous fish 

E 080 MD 0120 Diadromous fish, dried 

A 027 HH 0730 Dill 

A 028 HS 0730 Dill seed 

A 013 VL 0475 Dock 

B 044 WM 5045 Dolphin, Bottlenose, see Dolphins 

B 044 WM 5047 Dolphin, Humpback, see Dolphins 

B 044 WM 5049 Dolphin, Spinner, see Dolphins 

B 042 WS 0930 Dolphinfish 

B 043 WR 0930 Dolphinfish roe (m) 

B 044 WM 0970 Dolphins 

B 042 WS 4959 Dorado, see Dolphinfish 

A 006 FI 0333 Doum or Dum palm 

D 056 DV 0168 Dried vegetables 

E 080 MD 0180 Dried fish 

D 055 DF 0167 Dried fruits 

D 055 DF 0269 Dried grapes (= currants, Raisins and Sultanas) 

D 057 DH 0170 Dried herbs 

D 055 DF 5259 Dried vine fruits, see Dried Grapes 

B 030 MM 4807 Dromedary meat, see Camel meat 

B 042 WS 0931 Drums 

A 023 SO 4709 Drumstick tree seed, see Ben Moringa seed 

B 039 PE 0841 Duck eggs 

B 037 PF 0841 Duck fat 

E 085 FA 0841 Duck fat, processed 

B 036 PM 0841 Duck meat 

B 038 PO 0841 Duck, Edible offal of 

A 006 FI 0334 Durian 

A 020 GC 4621 Durra, see Sorghum 

A 020 GC 4623 Durum wheat, see Wheat 

A 015 FV 4473 Dwarf bean (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

A 014 FP 4403 Dwarf bean (immature pods and/or seeds), see Common bean 

A 016 FR 4545 Eddoe, see Taro 

B 032 MO 0105 Edible offal (Mammalian) 

B 032 MO 0096 Edible offal of cattle, goats, horses, pigs and sheep 

B 032 MO 0097 Edible offal of cattle, pigs and sheep 

A 014 VP 4405 Edible-podded pea, see Podded pea 

B 041 WD 4897 Eel, American, see Eels 

B 041 WD 4899 Eel, Australian, see Eels 

B 041 WD 4901 Eel, European, see Eels 

B 041 WD 4903 Eel, Japanese, see Eels 

B 041 WD 0890 Eels 

A 006 FI 4129 Egg Fruit, see Canistel 

A 012 VO 0440 Egg plant 

B 039 PE 0112 Eggs 

A 004 FB 0267 Elderberries 

A 028 HS 0781 Elecampane, root 

A 006 FI 0371 Elephant apple 

B 030 MM 0824 Elk meat 

A 020 GC 4625 Emmer, see Wheat 

A 013 VL 0476 Endive 

xx

Class 


A 013 VL 4341 Endive, broad or plain leaved, see Endive 

A 013 VL 4343 Endive, curled, see Endive 

A 027 HH 4745 Estragon, see Tarragon 

B 042 WS 4961 European sardine, see Subgroup Sardines and Sardine-type 

fishes 

B 044 WM 0142 Fat of Dolphins, Seals and Whales, unprocessed 

A 015 VD 4475 Fava bean (dry), see Broad bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4407 Fava bean (green pods and immature beans), see Broad bean 

A 006 FI 0335 Feijoa 

A 027 HH 0731 Fennel 

A 009 VA 0380 Fennel, Bulb 

A 027 HH 4747 Fennel, Bulb, see Group 009: Bulb vegetables, No. VA 0380 

A 013 VL 4347 Fennel, Bulb, see Group 009: Bulb vegetables 

A 009 VA 4159 Fennel, Italian, see Fennel, bulb 

A 009 VA 4161 Fennel, Roman, see Fennel, bulb 

A 009 VA 4163 Fennel, Sweet, see Fennel, Roman 

D 057 DH 0731 Fennel, dry 

A 013 VL 4345 Fennel, see Group 027: Herbs 

A 028 HS 0731 Fennel, seed 

A 028 HS 0782 Fenugreek, seed 

C 051 AS 5253 Fescue 

A 020 GC 4627 Feterita, see Sorghum 

A 015 VD 4477 Field bean (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4409 Field bean (green pods), see Common bean 

A 015 VD 0561 Field pea (dry) 

A 005 FT 0297 Fig 

D 055 DF 0297 Figs, dried or dried and candied 

A 022 TN 4685 Filberts, see Hazelnuts 

A 020 GC 4629 Finger millet, see Millet, Finger 

B 043 WR 0140 Fish roe 

A 015 VD 4479 Flageolet (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4411 Flageolet (fresh beans), see Common bean 

B 042 WS 0127 Flat-fishes 

E 080 MD 0127 Flat-fishes, dried 

A 023 SO 4711 Flax-seed, see Linseed 

B 043 WR 0932 Flounder roe (m) 

B 042 WS 0932 Flounders 

A 010 VB 0042 Flowerhead brassicas (includes Broccoli: Broccoli , Chinese and 

Cauliflower) 

C 052 AM 1051 Fodder beet 

C 052 AV 1051 Fodder beet leaves or tops 

A 020 GC 4631 Fonio, see Hungry Rice 

A 014 VP 4413 Four-angled bean (immature pods), see Goa bean 

A 020 GC 4633 Foxtail millet, see Millet, Foxtail 

A 014 VP 4415 French bean (immature pods and seeds), see Common bean 

A 015 VD 4481 French bean, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

B 045 WC 0976 Freshwater crayfishes 

E 084 SC 0976 Freshwater crayfishes, cooked 

B 045 WC 0144 Freshwater crustaceans 

E 084 SC 0144 Freshwater crustaceans, cooked 

B 040 WF 0115 Freshwater fish 

B 045 WC 0977 Freshwater Shrimps or Prawns, 

E 084 SC 0977 Freshwater Shrimps or Prawns, cooked 

B 048 AR 5147 Frog, Agile, see Frogs 

B 048 AR 5149 Frog, Common, see Frogs 

xxi

Class 


B 048 AR 5151 Frog, Edible, see Frogs 

B 048 AR 5153 Frog, Marsh, see Frogs 

B 048 AR 5155 Frog, Pool, see Frogs 

B 048 AR 0990 Frogs 

B 048 AR 0148 Frogs, lizards, snakes and turtles 

D 070 JF 0175 Fruit juices 

A 011 VC 0045 Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits 

A 012 VO 0050 Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits 

A 020 GC 4635 Fundi, see Hungry Rice 

A 012 VO 0449 Fungi, Edible (not including mushrooms) 

A 012 VO 4287 Fungus “Chanterelle”, see Fungi, Edible 

A 016 VR 0581 Galangal, Greater 

A 016 VR 0582 Galangal, Lesser 

A 028 HS 0783 Galangal, rhizomes 

A 014 VP 4417 Garbanzos, see Chick-pea 

A 013 VL 4349 Garden cress, see Cress, Garden 

A 014 VP 0528 Garden pea (young pods) (= succulent, immature seeds) 

A 015 VD 4485 Garden pea, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

A 014 VP 0529 Garden pea, shelled (succulent sedds) 

B 042 WS 0933 Garfish 

A 009 VA 0381 Garlic 

A 009 VA 0382 Garlic, Great-headed 

A 006 FI 4131 Genip, see Marmaladedos 

A 015 VD 4483 Geocarpa groundnut or Geocarpa bean, see Kersting’s groundnut 

B 041 WD 4907 German trout, see Trout 

A 011 VC 0425 Gherkin 

A 011 VC 0426 Gherkin, West Indian 

B 041 WD 4905 Giant sea perch, see Barramundi 

B 049 IM 5168 Giant snail, see Snails, Edible (Africa, Asia) 

A 028 HS 0784 Ginger, root 

A 016 VR 4547 Globe artichoke, see Group 017: Artichoke Globe, Stalk and stem 

vegetables 

A 014 VP 0530 Goa bean (immature pods) 

A 016 VR 0530 Goa bean root 

A 015 VD 4487 Goa bean, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

B 031 MF 0814 Goat fat 

B 030 MM 0814 Goat meat 

B 033 ML 0814 Goat milk 

E 086 FM 0814 Goat milk fat 

E 085 FA 0814 Goat tallow 

B 032 MO 0814 Goat, Edible offal of 

B 040 WF 0862 Gobies, Freshwater 

A 012 VO 4289 Golden berry, see Ground cherries 

E 085 FA 0842 Goose fat, processed 

B 039 PE 0842 Goose eggs 

B 037 PF 0842 Goose fat 

B 036 PM 0842 Goose meat 

B 038 PO 0842 Goose, Edible offal of 

B 038 PO 0849 Goose, liver 

A 004 FB 0268 Gooseberry 

A 013 VL 0477 Goosefoot 

B 040 WF 0863 Gourami (Asia) 

A 013 VL 4351 Gow Kee, see Box thorn 

A 028 HS 0785 Grains of paradise 

A 015 VD 4489 Gram (dry), see Chick-pea (dry) 

xxii

Class 


A 014 VP 4419 Gram (green pods), see Chick-pea 

A 006 FI 4132 Granadilla, see Passion fruit 

D 070 JF 0269 Grape juice 

A 013 VL 0269 Grape leaves 

D 071 AB 0269 Grape pomace, dry 

D 070 JF 0203 Grapefruit juice 

A 001 FC 0203 Grapefruit, see also Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

A 004 FB 0269 Grapes 

C 050 AL 5219 Grass pea, see Vetch, Chickling 

A 014 VP 4421 Green bean (green pods and immature seeds), see Common 

bean 

A 015 VD 4491 Green beans, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

A 015 VD 4493 Green gram (dry), see Mung bean (dry) 

A 015 VP 4423 Green gram (green pods), see Mung bean 

A 003 FS 4056 Greengages (Greengage plums), see Plum, Greengage 

A 012 VO 0441 Ground cherries 

A 023 SO 4713 Groundnut, see Peanut 

A 015 VD 4495 Groundnut, see Peanut, Group 023: Oilseed 

A 005 FT 0298 Grumichama 

A 016 VR 4549 Gruya, see Canna, edible 

A 006 FI 4234 Guanabana, see Soursop 

A 014 VP 4425 Guar (young pods), see Cluster bean 

A 006 FT 0336 Guava 

A 020 GC 4637 Guinea corn, see Sorghum 

B 036 PM 0843 Guinea-Fowl meat 

B 042 WS 0934 Haddock 

B 042 WS 0935 Hakes 

E 080 MD 0935 Hakes, dried 

B 042 WS 0936 Halibut 

B 042 WS 4963 Halibut, Atlantic, see Halibut 

B 042 WS 4965 Halibut, Greenland, see Halibut 

B 042 WS 4967 Halibut, Pacific, see Halibut 

E 080 MD 0936 Halibut, dried 

B 031 MF 0815 Hare fat 

B 030 MM 0815 Hare meat 

A 014 VP 4427 Haricot bean (green pods and/or immature seeds), see Common 

bean 

A 015 VD 4997 Haricot bean, see Common bean, Group 014: Legume vegetables 

C 051 AS 0162 Hay or fodder (dry) of grasses 

A 022 TN 0666 Hazelnuts 

A 027 HH 0092 Herbs 

B 042 WS 0937 Herring 

B 043 WR 0937 Herring roe (m) 

B 042 WS 4969 Herring, Atlantic, see Herring 

B 042 WS 4971 Herring, Pacific, see Herring 

A 022 TN 0667 Hickory nuts 

A 020 GC 4639 Hog millet, see Millet, Common 

A 005 FT 0299 Hog plum 

D 057 DH 1100 Hops, dry 

A 027 HH 0732 Horehound 

D 057 DH 0732 Horehound, dry 

A 015 VD 4499 Horse bean (dry), see Broad bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4429 Horse bean (green pods and/or immature seeds), see Broad bean 

B 031 MF 0816 Horse fat 

A 015 VD 0562 Horse gram 

xxiii

Class 


B 042 WS 4973 Horse Mackerel, see Jack Mackerel 

B 030 MM 0816 Horse meat 

E 080 MD 0816 Horse meat, dried (including dried and smoked) 

E 085 FA 0816 Horse tallow 

B 032 MO 0816 Horse, Edible offal of 

B 032 MO 1292 Horse kidney 

B 032 MO 1293 Horse liver 

A 016 VR 0583 Horseradish 

A 023 SO 4715 Horseradish tree seed, see Ben Moringa seed 

A 028 HS 4779 Horseradish, see VR 0583, Group 016: Root and tuber vegetables 

A 004 FB 4083 Huckleberries 

A 020 GC 0643 Hungry rice 

A 012 VO 4291 Husk tomato, see Ground cherries 

A 015 VD 0531 Hyacinth bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 0531 Hyacinth bean (young pods, immature seeds) 

A 027 HH 0733 Hyssop 

D 057 DH 0733 Hyssop, dry 

A 005 FT 4101 Icaco plum, see Coco plum 

A 006 FI 0337 Ilama 

A 006 FI 4133 Indian fig, see Prickly pear 

B 042 WS 4975 Indian mackerel, see Mackerel 

A 013 VL 0478 Indian mustard 

A 006 FI 4136 Indian Wood apple, see Elephant apple 

A 005 FT 0300 Jaboticaba 

A 014 VP 0532 Jack bean (young pods, immature seeds) 

A 015 VD 4501 Jack bean, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

B 042 WS 0938 Jack Mackerel 

A 006 FI 0338 Jackfruit 

A 013 VL 4353 Jamaican sorrel, see Roselle leaves 

A 006 FI 0339 Jambolan 

A 016 VR 0584 Japanese artichoke 

A 009 VA 4165 Japanese bunching onion, see Welsh onion 

A 013 VL 0479 Japanese greens, various species, a.o. 

A 022 TN 0668 Japanese horse-chestnut 

A 002 FP 4044 Japanese medlar, see Loquat 

A 005 FT 4103 Java almond, see Group 022: Tree nuts 

A 022 TN 4687 Java almonds, see Pili nuts 

A 006 FI 0340 Java apple 

A 016 VR 0585 Jerusalem artichoke 

A 016 VR 4551 Jicama, see Yam bean 

A 020 GC 0644 Job’s tears 

A 005 FT 0302 Jujube, Chinese 

A 005 FT 0301 Jujube, Indian 

A 004 FB 0270 Juneberries 

A 028 HS 0786 Juniper, berry 

A 020 GC 4641 Kaffir corn, see Sorghum 

A 010 VB 4191 Kailan, see Broccoli, Chinese 

A 005 FT 4105 Kaki or Kaki fruit, see Persimmon, Japanese 

A 013 VL 0480 Kale (including among others: Collards, Curly kale, Scotch kale, 

thousand-headed kale; not including Marrow-stem kale no. AV 

1052 Miscellaneous Fodder and forage crops 

C 052 AV 0480 Kale forage 

A 013 VL 4355 Kale, curly, see Kale 

B 030 MM 0817 Kangaroo meat 

A 013 VL 0507 Kangkung 

xxiv

Class 


A 020 GC 4643 Kaoliang, see Sorghum 

A 023 SO 0692 Kapok 

A 015 VD 0563 Kersting’s groundnut 

B 041 WD 4909 Keta salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 015 VD 4503 Kidney bean (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4431 Kidney bean (pods and/or immature seeds), see Common bean 

B 032 MO 0098 Kidney of cattle, goats, pigs and sheep 

B 042 WS 0939 King mackerel 

A 001 FC 4008 King mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarin 

B 041 WD 4911 King salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 006 FI 0341 Kiwifruit 

A 010 VB 0405 Kohlrabi 

A 024 SB 4727 Kola, see Cola nuts 

A 013 VL 0481 Komatsuma 

C 050 AL 1024 Kudzu 

C 050 AL 5221 Kudzu, Tropical, see Kudzu 

A 005 FT 4107 Kumquat, Marumi, see Kumquats 

A 005 FT 4109 Kumquat, Nagami, see Kumquats 

A 005 FT 0303 Kumquats 

A 009 VA 0383 Kurrat 

A 015 VD 4505 Lablab (dry), see Hyacinth bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4433 Lablab (young pods; immature seeds), see Hyacinth bean 

A 012 VO 4293 Lady’s finger, see Okra 

B 041 WD 4913 Lake trout, see Trout 

B 030 MM 4809 Lamb meat, see Sheep meat 

A 013 VL 4357 Lambs lettuce, see Corn salad 

B 045 WC 5093 Langouste, see Spiny Lobster 

E 085 FA 0818 Lard (of pigs) 

A 027 HH 0734 Lavender 

D 057 DH 0734 Lavender, dry 

A 013 VL 0053 Leafy vegetables 

A 009 VA 0384 Leek 

C 050 AL 0157 Legume animal feeds 

A 014 VP 0060 Legume vegetables 

D 066 DT 1111 Lemon verbena (dry leaves) 

A 001 FC 0204 Lemon, see also Subgroup 0002 Lemons and Limes 

A 001 FC 0002 Lemons and Limes (including Citron) 

A 015 VD 0533 Lentil (dry) 

A 014 VP 0533 Lentil (young pods) 

A 016 VR 4553 Leren, see Topee Tambu 

C 050 AL 1025 Lespedeza 

A 013 VL 0482 Lettuce, Head 

A 013 VL 0483 Lettuce, Leaf 

A 013 VL 4359 Lettuce, Red, see Lettuce, Head 

A 028 HS 4781 Licorice, see Liquorice 

A 015 VD 0534 Lima bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 0534 Lima bean (young pods and/or immature beans) 

D 066 DT 1112 Lime blossoms 

A 001 FC 0205 Lime, see also Subgroup 0002 Lemons and Limes 

B 042 WS 0940 Ling 

E 080 MD 0940 Ling, dried 

A 023 SO 0693 Linseed 

A 028 HS 0787 Liquorice, roots 

A 006 FI 0343 Litchi 

B 049 IM 5171 Little Cuttle, see Cuttlefishes 

xxv

Class 


B 032 MO 0099 Liver of cattle, goats, pigs and sheep 

B 042 WS 4977 Liveroil shark, see Subgroup Sharks 

B 048 AR 0991 Lizards 

B 030 MM 4811 Llama or Lama, meat, see Camel meat 

B 045 WC 5095 Lobster, American, see Lobsters 

B 045 WC 5097 Lobster, European, see Lobsters 

B 045 WC 5099 Lobster, Norway, see Lobsters 

B 045 WC 0978 Lobsters 

E 084 SC 0978 Lobsters (including Lobster meat), cooked 

A 005 FT 4111 Locust tree, see Carob 

A 004 FB 4085 Loganberry, see Dewberry 

A 006 FI 0342 Longan 

B 042 WS 4979 Longtail tuna, see Tuna, Longtail 

A 011 VC 0427 Loofah, Angled 

A 011 VC 0428 Loofah, Smooth 

A 002 FP 0228 Loquat 

A 027 HH 0735 Lovage 

D 057 DH 0735 Lovage, dry 

A 028 HS 0735 Lovage, seed 

A 006 FI 4135 Lulo, see Naranjilla 

A 014 VP 0545 Lupin 

A 015 VD 0545 Lupin (dry) 

C 050 AL 0545 Lupin, forage 

A 022 TN 0669 Macadamia nuts 

A 028 HS 0788 Mace 

B 042 WS 0947 Mackerel 

B 042 WS 0129 Mackerel and Jack Mackerel 

B 042 WS 0128 Mackerel and Mackerel-like fishes 

B 043 WR 0941 Mackerel roe (m) 

B 042 WS 4981 Mackerel, Atlantic, see Mackerel 

B 042 WS 4983 Mackerel, Chub, see Mackerel 

B 042 WS 4985 Mackerel, Indian, see Mackerel and Indian Mackerel 

B 042 WS 4987 Mackerel, Short, see Mackerel 

A 020 GC 0645 Maize 

D 078 CP 0645 Maize bread 

D 065 CF 1255 Maize flour 

C 051 AS 0645 Maize fodder 

C 051 AF 0645 Maize forage 

D 065 CF 0645 Maize meal 

D 067 OC 0645 Maize oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0645 Maize oil, edible 

A 023 SO 4781 Maize, see Group 020: Cereal grains 

A 006 FI 4138 Malay apple, see Pomerac, Group 005: Assorted tropical and subtropical 

fruits – edible peel 

A 013 VL 0484 Mallow 

A 001 FC 4011 Malta orange, see Blood Orange 

B 031 MF 0100 Mammalian fats (except milk fats) 

A 006 FI 0344 Mammey apple 

A 001 FC 0206 Mandarin, see also Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

A 001 FC 0003 Mandarins (including Mandarin-like hybrids) 

C 052 AM 5255 Mangel or Mangold, see Fodder beet 

A 014 VP 4435 Mangetout or Mangetout pea, see Podded pea 

A 006 FI 0345 Mango 

C 052 AM 5256 Mangoldwurzel, see Fodder beet 

A 006 FI 0346 Mangostan 

xxvi

Class 


A 006 FI 4137 Mangosteen, see Mangostan 

A 014 VP 4436 Manila bean (immature pods), see Goa bean 

A 016 VR 4555 Manioc, see Cassava, bitter 

A 027 HH 0737 Marigold flowers 

B 049 IM 0151 Marine bivalve molluscs 

B 045 WC 0145 Marine Crustaceans 

E 084 SC 0145 Marine Crustaceans, cooked 

B 042 WS 0125 Marine fish 

E 080 MD 0125 Marine fish, dried 

B 044 WM 0141 Marine mammals 

A 027 HH 0736 Marjoram 

A 027 HH 4749 Marjoram, Sweet, see Marjoram 

A 027 HH 4751 Marjoram, Wild, see Marjoram 

D 057 DH 0736 Marjoram, dry 

A 006 FI 0347 Marmaladedos 

A 011 VC 4213 Marrow, see Squash, Summer 

C 052 AV 1052 Marrow-stem cabbage or Marrow-stem kale 

A 013 VL 0471 Marsh marigold 

A 015 VD 0535 Mat bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 0535 Mat bean (green pods, mature, fresh seeds) 

A 013 VL 4361 Matrimony vine, see Box thorn 

D 066 DT 1113 Maté (dry leaves) 

D 066 DT 5281 Mayweed, Scented, see Camomile, German 

B 030 MM 0095 Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals) 

B 030 MM 0096 Meat of cattle, goats, horses, pigs and sheep 

B 030 MM 0097 Meat of cattle, pigs and sheep 

E 080 MD 0095 Meat, dried (from mammals other than marine mammals) 

A 001 FC 4014 Mediterranean mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

B 041 WD 4915 Medium red salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 002 FP 0229 Medlar 

C 050 AL 5223 Melilot, see Clovers 

A 012 VO 4295 Melon pear, see Pepino 

A 011 VC 4215 Melon, Crenshaw, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4217 Melon, Honey Ball, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4219 Melon, Honeydew, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4221 Melon, Mango, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4223 Melon, Netted, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4225 Melon, Oriental Pickling, see Subgroup Melons, except 

Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4227 Melon, Persian, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4229 Melon, Pomegranate, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4231 Melon, Serpent, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4233 Melon, Snake, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4235 Melon, White-skinned, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4237 Melon, Winter, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

A 011 VC 0046 Melons, except Watermelon 

B 042 WS 0942 Menhaden 

E 086 FM 0183 Milk fats 

B 033 ML 0107 Milk of cattle, goats and sheep 

B 041 WD 0891 Milkfish 

B 033 ML 0106 Milks 

A 020 GC 0646 Millet 

C 051 AS 0646 Millet fodder, dry 

A 020 GC 4645 Millet, Barnyard, see Millet 

A 020 GC 4647 Millet, Bulrush, see Millet 

xxvii

Class 


A 020 GC 4649 Millet, Common, see Millet 

A 020 GC 4651 Millet, Finger, see Millet 

A 020 GC 4653 Millet, Foxtail, see Millet 

A 020 GC 4655 Millet, Little, see Millet 

A 020 GC 4657 Milo, see Sorghum 

C 052 AM 0738 Mint hay 

A 027 HH 0738 Mints 

D 057 DH 0738 Mints, dry 

A 003 FS 4057 Mirabelle, see Plum, Mirabelle 

C 052 AM 0165 Miscellaneous fodder and forage crops 

B 049 IM 0150 Molluscs, including Cephalopods 

A 006 FI 0348 Mombin, Yellow 

B 030 MM 4815 Moose, European, meat, see Elk meat 

A 003 FS 0246 Morello 

A 015 VD 4507 Moth bean (dry), see Mat bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4437 Moth bean, see Mat bean 

B 030 MM 4813 Moufflon meat, see Sheep meat 

B 040 WF 4851 Mozambique Tilapia, see Tilapia 

A 027 HH 4753 Mugwort, see Wormwoods 

A 004 FB 0271 Mulberries 

B 043 WR 0943 Mullet roe (m) 

B 042 WS 0943 Mullets 

A 009 VA 4167 Multiplying onion, see Onion, Welsh 

A 015 VD 0536 Mung bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 0536 Mung bean (green pods) 

D 055 DF 5261 Muscatel, see Dried grapes 

A 012 VO 0450 Mushrooms 

A 011 VC 4239 Muskmelon, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

B 049 IM 1003 Mussels 

A 013 VL 0485 Mustard greens 

A 023 SO 0485 Mustard seed 

A 023 SO 0694 Mustard seed, Field 

A 023 SO 0478 Mustard seed, Indian 

A 023 SO 0090 Mustard seeds 

A 013 VL 4364 Mustard spinach, see Komatsuma 

A 013 VL 4363 Mustard, Indian, see Indian Mustard 

A 003 FS 4059 Myrobolan plum, see Cherry plum 

A 027 HH 4755 Myrrh, see Sweet Cicely 

A 001 FC 4016 Myrtle-leaf orange, see Chinotto 

A 013 VL 4365 Namenia, see Turnip greens 

A 006 FI 0349 Naranjilla 

A 012 VO 4297 Naranjilla, see Group 006: Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits 

- inedible peel 

A 002 FP 4047 Nashi pear, see Pear, oriental 

A 028 HS 0739 Nasturtium pods 

A 027 HH 0739 Nasturtium, Garden, leaves 

A 005 FT 0304 Natal plum 

A 001 FC 4018 Natsudaidai, see Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

A 015 VD 4509 Navy bean (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4439 Navy bean (young pods and/or immature seeds), see Common 

bean 

A 003 FS 0245 Nectarine 

A 013 VL 0486 New Zealand spinach 

A 023 SO 0695 Niger seed 

A 013 VL 0487 Nightshade, Black 

xxviii

Class 


B 041 WD 0897 Nile perch 

B 042 WS 4989 Northern bluefin tuna, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

B 040 WF 4849 Northern Pike, see Pikes 

A 028 HS 0789 Nutmeg 

C 051 AF 0647 Oat forage (green) 

C 051 AS 0647 Oat straw and fodder, dry 

A 020 GC 4659 Oat, Red see Oats 

A 020 GC 0647 Oats 

A 016 VR 0586 Oca 

B 042 WS 0944 Ocean perch 

B 049 IM 5175 Octopus, Common, see Octopuses 

B 049 IM 5277 Octopus, Curled, see Octopuses 

B 049 IM 5179 Octopus, Musky, see Octopuses 

B 049 IM 5173 Octopuses 

B 042 WS 4991 Oil sardine, see Subgroup Sardines and Sardine-type fishes 

A 023 SO 0088 Oilseed 

A 023 SO 0089 Oilseed except peanut 

A 012 VO 0442 Okra 

A 004 FB 4087 Olallie berry, see Dewberries 

D 068 OR 0305 Olive oil, refined, as defined in Codex Stan. 33-1981 

D 067 OC 0305 Olive oil, virgin, as defined in Codex Stan. 33-1981 

D 068 OR 5330 Olive residue oil, as defined in Codex Stan. 33-1981 , see Olive 

oil, refined 

A 023 SO 4719 Olive, see Group 005: Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits, 

edible peel 

A 005 FT 0305 Olives 

D 069 DM 0305 Olives, processed 

A 009 VA 0385 Onion, Bulb 

A 009 VA 0386 Onion, Chinese 

A 009 VA 4169 Onion, Egyptian, see Tree onion 

A 009 VA 0387 Onion, Welsh 

A 013 VL 0488 Orach 

D 070 JF 0004 Orange juice 

A 001 FC 4019 Orange, Bitter, see Orange, Sour 

A 001 FC 0207 Orange, Sour, see also Subgroup 0004 Oranges, Sweet, Sour 

A 001 FC 0206 Orange, Sweet, see also Subgroup 0004 Oranges, Sweet,. Sour 

A 001 FC 0004 Oranges, Sweet, Sour (including Ordange-like hybrids): several 

cultivars 

D 057 DH 5271 Oregano (= wild marjoram) dry, see Marjoram 

A 027 HH 4757 Oregano, see Marjoram 

A 005 FT 0306 Otaheite gooseberry 

A 016 VR 4557 Oyster plant, see Salsify 

B 049 IM 5181 Oyster, American cupped, see Oysters 

B 049 IM 5183 Oyster, European, see Oysters 

B 049 IM 5185 Oyster, Pacific cupped, see Oysters 

B 049 IM 5187 Oyster, Portuguese cupped, see Oysters 

B 049 IM 5189 Oyster, Sydney rock, see Oysters (including Cupped Oysters) 

B 049 IM 1004 Oysters (including Cupped Oysters) 

A 022 TN 0670 Pachira nut 

B 041 WD 4917 Pacific Salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

B 041 WD 0892 Paddle fish 

A 013 VL 0466 Pak-choi or Paksoi 

A 013 VL 4367 Pak-tsai, see Chinse cabbage, (type Pe-tsai) 

A 013 VL 4368 Pak-tsoi or Pak-soi, see Pak-choi or Paksoi 

A 023 SO 0696 Palm nut 

xxix

Class 


A 017 VS 0626 Palm hearts 

D 067 OC 1240 Palm kernel oil, crude 

D 068 OR 1240 Palm kernel oil, edible 

D 067 OC 0696 Palm oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0696 Palm oil, edible 

A 006 FI 4139 Papaw or Pawpaw, see Papaya 

A 006 FI 0350 Papaya 

A 013 VL 0337 Papaya leaves 

A 012 VO 4299 Paprika, see Peppers, Sweet 

A 022 TN 0671 Paradise nut, see Sapucaia nut 

D 066 DT 5283 Paraguay tea, see Maté 

A 027 HH 0740 Parsley 

A 016 VR 0587 Parsley, Turnip rooted 

A 016 VR 0588 Parsnip 

B 036 PM 0844 Partridge meat 

A 006 FI 0351 Passion fruit 

A 011 VC 4241 Patisson, see Squash, White Bush 

A 015 VD 4511 Pea (dry), see Field pea (dry) 

C 050 AL 0072 Pea hay or Pea fodder (dry) 

C 050 AL 0528 Pea vines (green) 

A 014 VP 4441 Pea, see Garden pea 

A 003 FS 0247 Peach 

A 023 SO 0697 Peanut 

C 050 AL 0697 Peanut fodder 

C 050 AL 1270 Peanut forage (green) 

D 067 OC 0697 Peanut oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0697 Peanut oil, edible 

A 023 SO 0703 Peanut, whole 

A 002 FP 0230 Pear 

A 002 FP 4049 Pear, Oriental, see Pear 

A 020 GC 4661 Pearl millet, see Millet, Bulrush 

A 015 VD 0072 Peas (dry) 

A 014 VP 0063 Peas (pods and succulent = immature seeds) 

A 014 VP 0064 Peas, shelled (succulent seeds) 

A 022 TN 0672 Pecan 

A 027 HH 4759 Pennyroyal, see Mints 

A 012 VO 0443 Pepino 

A 013 VL 0489 Pepper leaves 

A 028 HS 0790 Pepper, Black; White (see note) 

A 028 HS 0791 Pepper, Long 

D 066 DT 5285 Peppermint tea (succulent or dry leaves), see Peppermint, Group 

027: Herbs 

A 027 HH 4761 Peppermint, see Mints 

A 012 VO 0051 Peppers 

A 012 VO 0444 Peppers, Chili 

A 012 VO 4301 Peppers, Long, see Peppers, Sweet 

A 012 VO 0445 Peppers, Sweet (including Pimento or pimiento) 

B 040 WF 0864 Perch 

B 040 WS 4853 Perch, American yellow, see Perch 

B 040 WF 4855 Perch, European, see Perch 

B 040 WF 0870 Perch, Golden 

B 040 WF 4857 Perch, white, see Perch 

A 005 FT 4113 Pesrimmon, Chinese, see Persimmon, Japanese 

A 006 FI 0352 Persimmon, American 

A 005 FT 0307 Persimmon, Japanese 

xxx

Class 


A 006 FI 4141 Persimmon, Japanese, see Group 005 

B 036 PM 0845 Pheasant meat 

B 031 MF 0818 Pig fat 

B 030 MM 0818 Pig meat 

E 080 MD 0818 Pig meat, dried (including dried and smoked) 

B 032 MO 0818 Pig, Edible offal of 

B 032 MO 1284 Pig, kidney 

B 032 MO 1285 Pig, liver 

A 014 VP 4443 Pigeon bean (green pods and immature seeds), see Broad bean 

B 036 PM 0846 Pigeon meat 

A 015 VD 0537 Pigeon pea (dry) 

A 014 VP 0537 Pigeon pea (young pods and/or young green seeds) 

A 022 TN 4689 Pignolia or Pignoli, see Pine nuts 

B 040 WF 0865 Pike 

B 040 WF 0866 Pike-perch 

A 022 TN 0674 Pili nuts 

A 012 VO 4303 Pimento or Pimiento, see Peppers, Sweet 

A 028 HS 0792 Pimento, fruit 

A 022 TN 0673 Pine nuts 

A 006 FI 0353 Pineapple 

C 052 AM 0353 Pineapple fodder 

C 052 AV 0353 Pineapple forage 

A 006 FI 4143 Pineapple guava, see Feijoa 

D 070 JF 0341 Pineapple juice 

B 041 WD 4919 Pink salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 022 TN 4691 Pinocchi, see Pine nuts 

A 022 TN 0675 Pistachio nut 

A 005 FT 4115 Pitanga, see Surinam Cherry 

A 022 TN 4693 Piñon nut, see Pine nuts 

B 042 WS 0945 Plaice 

B 042 WS 4993 Plaice, Alaska, see Plaice 

B 042 WS 4995 Plaice, European, see Plaice 

A 006 FI 0354 Plantain 

A 013 VL 0490 Plantain leaves 

A 003 FS 4061 Plum, American, see Sloe 

A 003 FS 0248 Plum, Chickasaw 

A 003 FS 4063 Plum, Damson, see Bullace 

A 003 FS 4065 Plum, Greengage, see Plums 

A 003 FS 4069 Plum, Japanese, see Plums 

A 003 FS 4071 Plum, Mirabelle, see Bullace 

A 003 FS 0014 Plums (including Prunes) 

A 014 VP 0538 Podded pea (young pods) 

A 013 VL 4369 Poke-berry leaves, see Pokeweed 

A 013 VL 0491 Pokeweed 

B 042 WS 0946 Pollack 

A 005 FT 4119 Pomarrosa, Malay, see Pomerac 

A 005 FT 4117 Pomarrosa, see Rose apples 

A 002 FP 0009 Pome fruits 

A 006 FI 0355 Pomegranate 

A 001 FC 4020 Pomelo, see Shaddocks or Pomelos 

A 005 FT 0308 Pomerac 

B 042 WS 0947 Pomfret, Atlantic 

A 020 GC 0656 Popcorn 

A 023 SO 0698 Poppy seed 

A 028 HS 4783 Poppy seed, see group 023: Oilseed 

xxxi

Class 


B 042 WS 4997 Porbeagle, see Subgroup Sharks 

B 044 WM 5051 Porpoise, see Whales 

A 016 VR 0589 Potato 

A 016 VR 4559 Potato yam, see Yam bean 

B 037 PF 0111 Poultry fats 

E 085 FA 0111 Poultry fats, processed 

B 036 PM 0110 Poultry meat 

B 038 PO 0113 Poultry skin 

B 038 PO 0111 Poultry, Edible offal of 

B 045 WC 5103 Prawn, Banana, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5105 Prawn, Brown tiger, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5107 Prawn, Caramote, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5109 Prawn, Common, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5111 Prawn, Eastern king, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5113 Prawn, Endeavour, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5115 Prawn, Giant tiger, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5117 Prawn, Green tiger, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5119 Prawn, Japanese king, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5121 Prawn, Kuruma, see Prawn, Japanese King 

B 045 WC 5123 Prawn, Northern, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5125 Prawn, Western king, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5101 Prawns, see Shrimps or Prawns 

A 006 FI 0356 Prickly pear 

E 085 FA 0142 Processed Fat (Blubber), of Whales, Dolphins and Sales 

A 020 GC 4665 Proso millet, see Millet, Common 

D 055 DF 0014 Prunes 

A 003 FS 4072 Prunes, see Plums 

C 050 AL 5227 Puero, see Kudzu, Tropical 

A 006 FI 0357 Pulasan 

A 015 VD 0070 Pulses 

A 011 VC 0429 Pumpkins 

A 013 VL 0492 Purslane 

A 013 VL 0492 Purslane, Winter 

B 039 PE 0847 Quail eggs 

B 036 PM 0847 Quail meat 

B 036 PM 4831 Quail, Bobwhite, see Quail 

B 036 PM 4833 Quail, California, see Quail meat 

A 022 TN 4695 Queensland nut, see Macadamia nut 

A 016 VR 4561 Queensland arrowroot, see Canna, edible 

A 02 FP 0231 Quince 

A 020 GC 0648 Quinoa 

A 006 FI 4145 Quito Orange, see Naranjilla 

A 012 VO 4305 Quito orange, see Naranjilla 

B 031 MF 0819 Rabbit fat 

B 030 MM 0819 Rabbit meat 

A 016 VR 0494 Radish 

A 013 VL 0494 Radish leaves (including Radish tops) 

A 016 VR 0590 Radish, Black 

A 016 VR 0591 Radish, Japanese 

B 041 WD 4921 Rainbow trout, see Trout 

D 055 DF 5263 Raisins (seedless white grape var., partially dried), see Dried 

grapes 

A 009 VA 4171 Rakkyo, see Onion, Chinese 

A 006 FI 0358 Rambutan 

A 016 VR 0592 Rampion roots 

xxxii

Class 


A 013 VL 0495 Rape greens 

A 023 SO 0495 Rape seed 

D 067 OC 0495 Rape seed oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0495 Rape seed oil, edible 

A 023 SO 4721 Rape seed, Indian, see Mustard seed, Field 

A 004 FB 0272 Raspberries, Red, Black 

B 042 WS 0498 Rays 

A 016 VR 4564 Red beet, see beetroot 

A 015 VD 4513 Red gram (dry), see Pigeon pea (dry) 

A 014 VP 4447 Red gram (green pods and/or young green seeds), see Pigeon 

pea 

A 013 VL 4371 Red-leaved chicory, see Chicory leaves 

B 030 MM 0820 Reindeer meat 

B 048 AR 0149 Reptiles 

B 042 WS 4999 Requiem shark, see Subgroup Sharks 

B 040 WF 4859 Rhinofishes, see Carp, Indian 

A 017 VS 0627 Rhubarb 

A 020 GC 0649 Rice 

A 015 VD 0539 Rice bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 0539 Rice bean (young pods) 

D 065 CF 0649 Rice bran, processed 

D 058 CM 1206 Rice bran, unprocessed 

C 051 AS 0649 Rice straw and fodder, dry 

D 058 CM 0649 Rice, husked 

D 058 CM 1205 Rice, polished 

B 040 WF 0867 Roaches 

B 045 WC 5127 Rock lobster, see Lobsters 

A 013 VL 4372 Rocket salad, see Rucola 

B 030 MM 0821 Roe meat 

A 016 VR 0075 Root and tuber vegetables 

A 013 VL 4374 Roquette, see Rucola 

A 005 FT 0309 Rose apple 

A 004 FB 0273 Rose hips 

A 012 VO 0446 Roselle 

D 066 DT 0446 Roselle (calyx and flowers), dry 

A 013 VL 0446 Roselle leaves 

A 027 HH 0741 Rosemary 

D 057 DH 0741 Rosemary, dry 

A 013 VL 0496 Rucola 

A 027 HH 0742 Rue 

D 057 DH 0742 Rue, dry 

A 014 VP 4449 Runner bean (green pods and seeds), see Common bean 

A 015 VD 4515 Runner bean, see Common bean, Group 014: Legume vegetables 

A 020 GC 4667 Russian millet, see Millet, Common 

A 013 VL 0497 Rutabaga greens 

A 016 VR 4563 Rutabaga, see Swede 

A 020 GC 0650 Rye 

D 065 CF 0650 Rye bran, processed 

D 058 CM 0650 Rye bran, unprocessed 

D 078 CP 1250 Rye bread 

D 065 CF 1250 Rye flour 

C 051 AF 0650 Rye forage (green) 

C 051 AS 0650 Rye straw and fodder, dry 

D 065 CF 1251 Rye wholemeal 

A 023 SO 0699 Safflower seed 

xxxiii

Class 


D 067 OC 0699 Safflower seed oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0699 Safflower seed oil, edible 

A 027 HH 0743 Sage and related Salvia species 

D 057 DH 0743 Sage, dry 

C 050 AL 1027 Sainfoin 

B 042 WS 5001 Salema, see Boque 

B 043 WR 0893 Salmon roe, Atlantic (d) 

B 043 WR 0121 Salmon roe, Pacific (d) 

B 041 WD 0893 Salmon, Atlantic , see Atlantic salmon 

B 041 WD 0121 Salmon, Pacific 

B 041 WD 4923 Salmon, Pacific, see Sub-Group Salmon, Pacific at the beginning 

of this group 

B 042 WS 0957 Salmon, Threadfin 

A 016 VR 0498 Salsify 

A 013 VL 0498 Salsify leaves 

A 016 VR 4565 Salsify, Black, see Scorzonera 

A 016 VR 0593 Salsify, Spanish 

A 002 FP 4051 Sand pear, see Pear, Oriental 

A 006 FI 0359 Sapodilla 

A 006 FI 0360 Sapote, Black 

A 006 FI 0361 Sapote, Green 

A 006 FI 0362 Sapote, Mammey 

A 006 FI 0363 Sapote, White 

A 022 TN 0676 Sapucaia nut 

B 042 WS 5005 Sardine, European 

B 042 WS 5003 Sardinella or Oil sardine 

B 042 WS 0130 Sardines and Sardine-type fishes 

A 027 HH 0744 Sassafras leaves 

A 001 FC 4022 Satsuma or Satsuma mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

A 027 HH 0745 Savory, Summer; Winter 

D 057 DH 0745 Savory, Summer; Winter, dry 

B 042 WS 5007 Scad, see Jack Mackerel 

B 049 IM 5191 Scallop, Australian, see Scallops 

B 049 IM 5193 Scallop, Bay, see Scallops 

B 049 IM 5195 Scallop, Giant pacific, see Scallops 

B 049 IM 5197 Scallop, Great, see Scallops 

B 049 IM 5199 Scallop, New Zealand, see Scallops 

B 049 IM 5201 Scallop, Queen, see Scallops 

B 049 IM 5203 Scallop, Sea, see Scallops 

B 049 IM 1005 Scallops 

A 014 VP 0540 Scarlet runner bean (pods and seeds) 

A 015 VD 4517 Scarlet runner bean, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

B 042 WS 5009 Scorpion fishes, see Ocean Perch 

A 016 VR 0594 Scorzonera 

B 042 WS 0949 See bass 

B 042 WS 0950 Sea bream 

B 041 WD 4925 Sea catfish, see Group 042: Marine fishes 

B 042 WS 5011 Sea catfish, see Wolffish 

A 005 FT 0310 Sea grape 

A 013 VL 0499 Sea kale 

B 049 IM 1006 Sea urchins 

B 049 IM 1010 Sea-cucumbers 

E 080 MD 1010 Sea-cucumbers, dried 

B 044 WM 5053 Sea lions, see Seals 

B 044 WM 5055 Seal, Common, see Seals 

xxxiv

Class 


B 044 WM 5063 Seal, Grey, see Seals 

B 044 WM 5065 Seal, Harp, see Seals 

B 044 WM 5067 Seal, Hooded, see Seals 

B 044 WM 5069 Seal, Ringed, see Seals 

B 044 WM 0971 Seals 

B 044 WM 5057 Seals, Eared, see Seals 

B 044 WM 5059 Seals, Earless, see Seals 

B 044 WM 5061 Seals, Fur, see Seals 

A 024 SB 0091 Seed for beverages 

B 042 WS 5013 Seerfish, see Spanish Mackerel and King Mackerel 

A 013 VL 0500 Senna leaves 

A 006 FI 0364 Sentul 

C 050 AL 5229 Sericea, see Lespedeza 

A 004 FB 0274 Service berries, see Juneberries 

A 023 SO 0700 Sesame seed 

D 067 OC 0700 Sesame seed oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0700 Sesame seed oil, edible 

A 028 HS 4785 Sesame seed, see Group 023: Oilseed 

A 006 FI 4147 Sesso vegetal, see Akee apple 

A 001 FC 4024 Seville Orange, see Orange, Sour 

B 041 WD 0894 Shad 

B 043 WR 0894 Shad roe (d) 

A 001 FC 0209 Shaddock, see also Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

A 001 FC 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos (including Shaddock-like hybrids, among 

others than grapefruit) 

A 009 VA 0388 Shallot 

A 020 GC 4669 Shallu, see Sorghum 

B 043 WL 0131 Shark liver (m) 

B 042 WS 5015 Shark, see Subgroup Sharks 

B 042 WS 0131 Sharks 

A 023 SO 0701 Shea nuts 

B 031 MF 0822 Sheep fat 

B 030 MM 0822 Sheep meat 

B 033 ML 0822 Sheep milk 

E 086 FM 0822 Sheep milk fat 

E 085 FA 0822 Sheep tallow 

B 032 MO 0822 Sheep, Edible offal of 

B 032 MO 1288 Sheep, kidney 

B 032 MO 1289 Sheep, liver 

B 045 WC 5131 Shrimp, Deepwater rose, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5133 Shrimp, Northern brown, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5135 Shrimp, Northern pink, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 5137 Shrimp, Northern white, see Shrimps or Prawns 

B 045 WC 0979 Shrimps or Prawns (See Note 2) 

E 084 SC 0979 Shrimps or Prawns, cooked 

E 084 SC 1220 Shrimps or Prawns, parboiled 

B 045 WC 5129 Shrimps, Common, see Shrimps or Prawns 

A 015 VD 4519 Sieva bean (dry), see Lima bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4451 Sieva bean (young pods and/or green fresh beans), see Lima 

bean 

A 013 VL 4373 Silver beet, see Chard 

B 041 WD 4927 Silver Salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 009 VA 0390 Silverskin onion 

A 011 VC 4243 Sinkwa or Sinkwa towel gourd, see Loofah, Angled 

B 042 WS 5017 Skipjack Tuna, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

xxxv

Class 


A 016 VR 0595 Skirrit or Skirret 

B 045 WC 5139 Slipper lobster, see Lobsters 

A 003 FS 0249 Sloe 

B 041 WD 0895 Smelt 

B 041 WD 4929 Smelt, European, see Smelt 

B 041 WD 4931 Smelt, Rainbow, see Smelt 

B 042 WS 5019 Smooth hounds, see Subgroup Sharks 

B 049 IM 5205 Snail, Garden, See Snails, Edible 

B 049 IM 5207 Snail, Giant, see Snails, Edible 

B 049 IM 5209 Snail Roman, see Snails, Edible 

B 049 IM 1007 Snails, Edible 

A 011 VC 0430 Snake gourd 

B 048 AR 0992 Snakes 

A 014 VP 4453 Snap bean (young pods), see Common bean 

B 041 WD 4933 Sockeye Salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

B 042 WS 0951 Sole 

A 020 GC 0651 Sorghum 

C 051 AF 0651 Sorghum forage (green) 

D 069 DM 0658 Sorghum molasses 

C 051 AS 0651 Sorghum straw and fodder, dry 

A 020 GC 4671 Sorgo, see Sorghum 

A 021 GS 0658 Sorgo or Sorghum, Sweet 

A 027 HH 0746 Sorrel, Common, and related Rumex species 

A 013 VL 4388 Sorrel, Jamaican, see Roselle leaves 

A 006 FI 0365 Soursop 

B 042 WS 5021 Southern bluefin tuna, see Tuna, Bluefin 

A 027 HH 4763 Southernwood, see Wormwoods 

A 013 VL 0501 Sowthistle 

A 015 VD 0541 Soya bean (dry) 

A 023 SO 4723 Soya bean (dry), see Group 015: Pulses 

A 014 VP 0541 Soya bean (immature seeds) 

C 050 AL 0541 Soya bean fodder 

C 050 AL 1265 Soya bean forage (green) 

D 067 OC 0541 Soya bean oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0541 Soya bean oil, refined 

A 015 VD 4521 Soybean (dry), see Soya bean (dry) 

A 023 SO 4724 Soybean (dry), see Soya bean (dry) 

A 014 VP 4455 Soybean, see Soya bean (immature seeds) 

A 006 FI 0366 Spanish lime 

B 042 WS 5023 Spanish mackerel, see King mackerel 

A 027 HH 4765 Spearmint, see Mints 

A 020 GC 4673 Spelt, see Wheat 

A 028 HS 0093 Spices 

A 020 GC 4675 Spiked millet, see Millet, Bulrush 

A 013 VL 0502 Spinach 

A 013 VL 4375 Spinach beet, see Chard 

A 013 VL 0503 Spinach, Indian 

B 042 WS 5025 Spiny dogfish, see Subgroup Sharks 

B 045 WC 5141 Spiny lobster, see Lobsters 

A 011 VC 4245 Sponge gourd, see Loofah, Smooth 

A 009 VA 0389 Spring onion 

B 041 WD 4935 Spring salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

A 011 VC 0431 Squash, Summer 

A 011 VC 4249 Squash, White Bush, see Squash, Summer 

A 011 VC 4247 Squash, see Squash, Summer, and Winter Squash 

xxxvi

Class 


B 049 IM 1009 Squid, Common, see Squids 

B 049 IM 5211 Squid, European flying, see Squids 

B 049 IM 5213 Squid, Japanese flying, see Squids 

B 049 IM 5215 Squid, Short finned, see Squids 

B 049 IM 1008 Squids 

A 005 FT 4121 St. John’s bread, see Carob 

A 017 VS 0078 Stalk and stem vegetables 

A 006 FI 0367 Star apple 

E 080 MD 0126 Stockfish 

A 003 FS 0012 Stone fruits 

C 051 AS 0081 Straw and fodder (dry) of cereal grains 

C 051 AS 0161 Straw, fodder (dry) and hay of cereal grains and other grass-like 

plants 

A 004 FB 0276 Strawberries, Wild 

A 004 FB 0275 Strawberry 

A 006 FI 4149 Strawberry peach, see Kiwifruit 

A 012 VO 4307 Strawberry tomato, see Ground cherries 

A 004 FB 4091 Strawberry, Musky, see Strawberries, Wild 

B 041 WD 0896 Sturgeon 

B 043 WR 0896 Sturgeon roe (d) 

A 006 FI 0368 Sugar apple 

A 016 VR 0596 Sugar beet 

C 052 AV 0596 Sugar beet leaves or tops 

D 069 DM 0596 Sugar beet molasses 

D 071 AB 0596 Sugar beet pulp, dry 

D 071 AB 1201 Sugar beet pulp, wet 

A 021 GS 0659 Sugar cane 

C 052 AM 0659 Sugar cane fodder 

C 052 AV 0659 Sugar cane forage 

D 069 DM 0659 Sugar cane molasses 

A 013 VL 4377 Sugar loaf, see Chicory leaves 

A 014 VP 4457 Sugar pea (young pods), see Podded pea 

D 055 DF 5265 Sultanas, see Dried grapes 

A 023 SO 0702 Sunflower seed 

D 067 OC 0702 Sunflower seed oil, crude 

D 068 OR 0702 Sunflower seed oil, edible 

A 005 FT 0311 Surinam cherry 

A 016 VR 0497 Swede 

C 052 AM 0497 Swedish turnip or Swede fodder 

A 027 HH 0747 Sweet cicely 

D 057 DH 0747 Sweet cicely, dry 

A 012 VO 0447 Sweet corn (corn-on-the-cob), see definition in Codex Stan. 133- 

1981 

A 012 VO 1275 Sweet corn (kernels) , see definition in Codex Stan. 133-1981 

A 020 GC 0447 Sweet corn 

A 016 VR 0508 Sweet potato 

A 013 VL 0508 Sweet potato, leaves 

A 006 FI 4151 Sweetsop, see Sugar apple 

A 013 VL 4379 Swiss chard, see Chard 

A 014 VP 0542 Sword bean (young pods and beans) 

A 004 FB 1235 Table-grapes 

B 042 WS 5027 Tailor (Australia), see Bluefish 

E 085 FA 0095 Tallow and lard from cattle, goats, horses, pigs and sheep 

A 005 FT 4123 Tamarillo, see Tree tomato 

A 006 FI 0369 Tamarind 

xxxvii

Class 


A 028 HS 4787 Tamarind, see Group 006: Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits 

- inedible peel 

A 001 FC 4029 Tangelo, large sized cultivars, see Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or 

Pomelos 

A 001 FC 4031 Tangelo small and medium sized cultivars, see Subgroup 0003 

Mandarins 

A 001 FC 4033 Tangelolo, see Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

A 001 FC 4027 Tangarine, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

A 001 FC 4035 Tangors, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

A 016 VR 4567 Tanier, see Tannia 

A 001 FC 4037 Tankan mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

A 016 VR 0504 Tannia 

A 013 VL 0504 Tannia leaves 

A 027 HH 0748 Tansy and related species 

D 057 DH 0748 Tansy and related species, dry 

A 016 VR 4569 Tapioca, see Cassava 

A 016 VR 0505 Taro 

A 013 VL 0505 Taro leaves 

A 027 HH 0749 Tarragon 

D 066 DT 1114 Tea, Green, Black (black, fermented and dried) 

D 066 DT 0171 Teas (Tea and Herb teas) 

A 020 GC 0652 Teff or Tef 

A 013 VL 4381 Tendergreen, see Turnip greens 

A 020 GC 0657 Teosinte 

C 051 AS 0657 Teosinte fodder 

A 015 VD 0564 Tepary bean (dry) 

A 027 HH 0750 Thyme 

D 057 DH 0750 Thyme, dry 

A 016 VR 0580 Tiger nut 

B 040 WF 0868 Tilapia 

A 012 VO 4309 Tomatillo, see Ground cherries 

A 012 VO 0448 Tomato 

D 070 JF 0048 Tomato juice 

A 006 FI 0370 Tonka bean 

A 028 HS 0370 Tonka bean, see also Group 006: Assorted tropical and subtropical 

fruits - inedible peel 

A 016 VR 0598 Topee tambu 

A 012 VO 4311 Tree melon, see Pepino 

A 022 TN 0085 Tree nuts 

A 009 VA 0391 Tree onion 

A 005 FT 4125 Tree strawberry, see Arbutus berry 

A 005 FT 0312 Tree tomato 

C 050 AL 1028 Trefoil 

A 020 GC 0653 Triticale 

A 022 TN 0677 Tropical almond 

C 050 AL 5231 Tropical kudzu, see Kudzu, Tropical 

B 041 WD 0123 Trout 

A 013 VL 4383 Tsai shim, see Choisum 

A 013 VL 4385 Tsoi sum, see Choisum 

B 042 WS 0132 Tuna and Bonito 

B 042 WS 5029 Tuna, Bigeye, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

B 042 WS 5031 Tuna, Blackfin, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

B 042 WS 5033 Tuna, Bluefin, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

B 042 WS 5035 Tuna, Longtail, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

B 042 WS 5037 Tuna, Skipjack, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

xxxviii

Class 


B 042 WS 5039 Tuna, Yellowfin, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

B 042 WS 0952 Tuna, see also Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

B 042 WS 0953 Turbot 

E 085 FA 0848 Turkey fat, processed 

B 037 PF 0848 Turkey fat 

B 036 PM 0848 Turkey meat 

B 038 PO 0848 Turkey, Edible offal of 

A 028 HS 0794 Turmeric, root 

C 052 AM 0506 Turnip fodder 

A 913 VL 0506 Turnip greens 

C 052 AV 0506 Turnip leaves or tops 

A 016 VR 0506 Turnip, Garden 

A 016 VR 4573 Turnip Swedish, see Swede 

A 016 VR 4571 Turnip, see Swede 

B 048 AR 5157 Turtle, Green, see Turtles 

B 048 AR 5159 Turtle, Hawksbill, see Turtles 

B 048 AR 5161 Turtle, Loggerhead, see Turtles 

B 048 AR 0993 Turtles 

A 001 FC 4039 Ugli, see Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

A 016 VR 0599 Ullucu 

A 015 VD 4523 Urd bean (dry), see Black gram (dry) 

A 014 VP 4459 Urd bean (green pods), see Black gram 

A 004 FB 0019 Vaccinium berries, including Bearberry 

A 028 HS 0795 Vanilla, beans 

B 030 MM 4817 Veal (= calf meat), see Cattle meat 

D 067 OC 0172 Vegetable oils, crude 

D 068 OR 0172 Vegetable oils, edible 

A 011 VC 4251 Vegetable spaghetti, see Pumpkins 

A 011 VC 4253 Vegetable sponge, see Loofah, Smooth 

C 050 AL 5233 Velvet bean, see Bean, Velvet 

C 050 AL 1029 Vetch 

C 050 AL 5235 Vetch, Chickling, see Vetch 

C 050 AL 5237 Vetch, Crown, see Vetch 

C 050 AL 5239 Vetch, Milk, see Vetch 

A 013 VL 4387 Vine spinach, see Spinach, Indian 

A 022 TN 4697 Walnut, Black, see Walnuts 

A 022 TN 4699 Walnut, English; Walnut, Persian, see Walnuts 

A 022 TN 0678 Walnuts 

B 030 MM 4819 Water Buffalo, meat, see Buffalo meat 

A 013 VL 4389 Water Spinach, see Kangkung 

A 013 VL 0473 Watercress 

A 027 HH 4767 Watercress, see Group 013: Leafy vegetables 

A 011 VC 0432 Watermelon 

A 011 VC 4255 Wax gourd 

A 011 VC 4257 West Indian gherkin, see Gherkin, West Indian 

B 044 WM 5073 Whale, Blue, see Whales 

B 044 WM 5075 Whale, False killer, see Whales 

B 044 WM 5077 Whale, Fin, see Whales 

B 044 WM 5079 Whale, Humpback, see Whales 

B 044 WM 5081 Whale, Killer, see Whales 

B 044 WM 5083 Whale, Minke, see Whales 

B 044 WM 5085 Whale, Sei, see Whales 

B 044 WM 5087 Whale, Short-finned pilot, see Whales 

B 044 WM 5089 Whale, Sperm, see Whales 

B 044 WM 0972 Whales 

xxxix

Class 


B 044 WM 5071 Whales, Baleen, see Whales 

E 085 FA 0972 Whales, Blubber of, processed 

B 044 WM 5091 Whales, Toothed, see Whales 

A 020 GC 0654 Wheat 

D 065 CF 0654 Wheat bran, processed 

D 058 CM 0654 Wheat bran, unprocessed 

D 065 CF 1211 Wheat flour 

D 065 CF 1210 Wheat germ 

C 051 AS 0654 Wheat straw and fodder, dry 

D 065 CF 1212 Wheat wholemeal 

D 078 CP 1211 White bread 

B 040 WF 4863 White crappie, see Perch, white 

B 040 WF 4861 White perch, see Perch, white 

B 042 WS 0954 Whiting 

D 078 CP 1212 Wholemeal bread 

A 004 FB 4093 Whortleberry, Red, see Bilberry, Red 

B 030 MM 0823 Wild boar meat 

A 020 GC 0655 Wild rice 

A 001 FC 4041 Willowleaf mandarin, see Mediterranean Mandarin and Subgroup 

0003 Mandarins 

A 004 FB 1236 Wine-grapes 

A 014 VP 4461 Winged bean (immature pods), see Goa bean 

A 014 VP 0543 Winged pea (young pods) 

A 027 HH 0751 Winter cress, Common; American 

A 011 VC 4259 Winter melon, see Melon, Winter 

A 011 VC 0433 Winter squash, see also Pumpkins 

A 027 HH 0751 Wintergreen leaves 

D 057 DH 0752 Wintergreen leaves, dry 

B 042 WS 5041 Witch flounder, see Flounder 

A 017 VS 0469 Witloof chicory (sprouts) 

B 042 WS 0955 Wolffish 

A 027 HH 0753 Woodruff 

D 057 DH 0753 Woodruff, dry 

A 027 HH 0754 Wormwoods 

D 057 DH 0754 Wormwoods, dry 

A 015 VD 4525 Wrinkled pea (dry), see Field pea (dry) 

A 014 VP 4463 Wrinkled pea, see Garden pea 

B 030 MM 4821 Yak meat, see Cattle meat 

A 016 VR 0601 Yam bean 

A 016 VR 4575 Yam, Cush-cush, see Yams 

A 016 VR 4577 Yam, Eight-months, see Yam, White Guinea 

A 016 VR 4579 Yam, Greater, see Yams 

A 016 VR 4583 Yam, Twelve-months, see Yams, Yellow Guinea 

A 016 VR 4587 Yam, White Guinea, see Yams 

A 016 VR 4585 Yam, White, see Yam, White Guinea 

A 016 VR 4591 Yam, Yellow Guinea, see Yams 

A 016 VR 4589 Yam, Yellow, see Yam, Yellow Guinea 

A 016 VR 0600 Yams 

A 014 VP 0544 Yard-long bean (pods) 

A 013 VL 4391 Yautia leaves, see Tannia leaves 

A 016 VR 4593 Yautia, see Tannia 

B 042 WS 5043 Yellowfin tuna, see Tuna, Yellowfin 

B 042 WS 5044 Yellowtail flounder, see Flounder 

A 004 FB 4094 Youngberry, see Dewberries 

B 030 MM 4823 Zebu meat, see Cattle meat 

xl

Class 


A 011 VC 4261 Zucchetti, see Squash, Summer 

A 011 VC 4263 Zucchini, see Squash, Summer 

xli

CLASSES, TYPES AND GROUPS OF FOOD AND ANIMAL 

FEEDSTUFFS 

CLASS A PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF PLANT ORIGIN 

TYPE 1 FRUITS 

Fruits are derived from many different kinds of perennial plants, trees and shrubs, usually cultivated. 

They consist mostly of the ripe, often sweet, succulent or pulpy developed plant ovary and its accessory 

parts, commonly and traditionally known as fruit. 

Exposure to pesticides is dependent on the particular part of the fruit used for food. Fruits may be consumed 

whole, after removal of the peel, or in part, and in the form of fresh, dried or processed products. 

Citrus fruits (except kumquats) 

Class A 

Type 1 Fruits Group 001 Group Letter Code FC 

Kumquats: see Group 005 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel 

Citrus fruits are produced on trees or shrubs of the family Rutaceae. These fruits are characterized by 

aromatic oily peel, globular form and interior segments of juice-filled vesicles. The fruit is fully exposed to 

pesticides during the growing season. Post-harvest treatments with pesticides and liquid waxes are often 

carried out to avoid deterioration during transport and distribution due to fungal diseases, insect pests or loss 

of moisture. The fruit pulp may be consumed in succulent form and as a juice. 

The entire fruit may be used for preserves. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity. 

Group 001 Citrus fruits 

Code No. Commodity 

FC 0001 Citrus fruits 

FC 0002 Lemons and Limes (including Citron) 

- Citrus limon Burm.f.; 

- C. aurantifolia Swingle; 

- C. medica L.; 

Hybrids and related species similar to lemons and limes including Citrus jambhiri 

Lush.: 

C. limetta Risso; C. limettoides Tan.; C. limonia Osbeck. 

Synonyms: see specific fruit species 

FC 0003 Mandarins (including Mandarin-like hybrids) 

- Citrus reticulata Blanco: 

Hybrids and related species including C. nobilis Lour.: 

1

C. deliciosa Ten.; C. tangarina Hort.; C. mitis Blanco 

syn: C. madurensis Lour.; 

C. unshiu Markovitch; 

synonyms: see specific fruit species Mandarin 

FC 0004 Oranges, Sweet, Sour (including Orange-like hybrids) 

several cultivars: 

- C. sinensis Osbeck; 

- C. aurantium L.; 

Hybrids and related species: 

Citrus myrtifolia Raf.; C. salicifolia Raf.; 

synonyms: see specific fruit species 

FC 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos (including Shaddock-like hybrids, among others Grapefruit) 

- C. Grandis (L.) Osbeck; 

- C. paradisi Macf.; 

Hybrids and related species, similar to Shaddocks, including C. natsudaidai 

Hayata; Tangelos large sized (= hybrid, Grapefruit x Mandarin); Tangelolos: (hybrid, 

Grapefruit x Tangelo): 

synonyms: see specific fruit species 

FC 4000 Bigarade, see Orange, Sour 

FC 4001 Blood orange, see Orange, Sweet 

Cultivar of Citrus sinensis Osbeck 

FC 0201 Calamondin, see also Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Citrus mitis Blanco; 

syn: C. madurensis Lour. (hybrid of C. reticulata Blanco. 

var. austera Swing x Fortunella sp.) 

FC 4002 Chinotto, see Orange, Sour 

Citrus aurantium L., var. myrtifolia Ker-Gawler; 

syn: C. myrtifolia Raf. 

FC 4003 Chironja, see Subgroup Oranges, Sweet, Sour (including Orange-like hybrids) 

= hybrid, Orange, Sweet x Mandarin 

FC 0202 Citron, see also Subgroup 0002 Lemons and Limes 

Citrus medica L.; 

syn: C. cedra Link; C. cedratus Raf.; 

C. medica genuina Engl.; C. medica proper Bonavia 

FC 4005 Clementine, see Mandarin 

Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tanaka cultivar of C. reticulata Blanco (possibly 

natural hybrid of Manderin x Orange, Sweet) 

FC 4006 Cleopatra mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

C. reshni Hort. Ex Tan. 

FC 4007 Dancy or Dancy mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

C. tangerina Hort. 

FC 0203 Grapefruit, see also Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

Hybrid of Shaddock x Orange, Sweet 

Citrus paradisi Macf.; 

syn: C. maxima uvacarpa Merr. & Lee. 

2

FC 4008 King mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarin 

C. nobilis Lour. (= hybrid of Mandarin x Orange, Sweet) 

FC 0204 Lemon, see also Subgroup 0002 Lemons and Limes 

Citrus limon Burm. f.; 

syn: C. medica limon L.; C. limonum Risso; C. medica limonum Hook. F. 

FC 0205 Lime, see also Subgroup 0002 Lemons and Limes 

Citrus aurantifolia Swingle; 

syn: Limonia aurantifolia Christm.; L. acidissima Houtt. Citrus lima Lunan.; C. acida 

Roxb.; C. limonellus Hassk. 

FC 4011 Malta orange, see Blood Orange 

FC 0206 Mandarin, see also Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Citrus reticulata Blanco; 

syn: C. nobilis Andrews (non Lour.); C. poonensis Hort. Ex Tanaka; C. chrysocarpa 

Lush. 

FC 4014 Mediterranean mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Citrus deliciosa Ten (= hybrid of Mandarin x Orange, Sweet) 

FC 4016 Myrtle-leaf orange, see Chinotto 

FC 4018 Natsudaidai, see Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

C. natsudaidai Hayata (possibly natural hybrid of Mandarin x Shaddock) 

FC 4019 Orange, Bitter, see Orange, Sour 

FC 0207 Orange, Sour, see also Subgroup 0004 Oranges, Sweet, Sour 

Citrus aurantium L.; 

syn: C. vulgaris Risso; C. bigarradia Loisel. 

C. communis Le Maout & Dec. 

FC 0208 Orange, Sweet, see also Subgroup 0004 Oranges, Sweet, Sour 

Citrus sinensis Osbeck; 

syn: C. aurantium sinensis L.; C. dulcis Pers.; C. aurantium vulgare Risso & Poit.; 

C. aurantium dulce Hayne 

FC 4020 Pomelo, see Shaddocks or Pomelos 

FC 4022 Satsuma or Satsuma mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Citrus unshiu Markovitch. 

FC 4024 Seville Orange, see Orange, Sour 

FC 0209 Shaddock, see also Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

Citrus grandis Osbeck; 

syn: C. aurantium decumana L.; C. maxima (Burm.) Merr.; C. decumana Murr. 

FC 4029 Tangelo, large-sized cultivars, see Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

FC 4031 Tangelo, small and medium sized cultivars, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Hybrids of Mandarin x Grapefruit or Mandarin x Shaddock 

FC 4033 Tangelolo, see Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

3

Hybrids of Grapefruit x Tangelo 

FC 4027 Tangerine, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Citrus tangarina Hort. Ex Tan. 

FC 4035 Tangors, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Citrus nobilis Lour. (= Hybrid of Mandarin x Orange, sweet) 

FC 4037 Tankan mandarin, see Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Citrus tankan Hyata (= probably hybrid of Mandarin x Orange, Sweet) 

FC 4039 Ugli, see Subgroup 0005 Shaddocks or Pomelos 

Cultivar of Tangelo, large sized fruit cultivar, see there 

FC 4041 Willowleaf mandarin, see Mediterranean Mandarin and Subgroup 0003 Mandarins 

Citrus deliciosa Ten. (= hybrid of Mandarin and Orange, sweet) 

4

Pome fruits 

Class A 

Type 1 Fruits Group 002 Group Letter Code FP 

Pome fruits are produced on trees and shrubs belonging to certain genera of the rose family (Rosaceae), 

especially the genera Malus and Pyrus. They are characterized by fleshy tissue surrounding a core 

consisting of parchment-like carpels enclosing the seeds. 

Pome fruits are fully exposed to pesticides applied during the growing season. Post-harvest treatments 

directly after harvest may also occur. The entire fruit, except the core, may be consumed in the succulent 

form or after processing. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity after 

removal of stems. 

Group 002 Pome fruits 


FP 0009 Pome fruits 

FP 0226 Apple 

Malus domesticus Borkhausen 

FP 0227 Crab-apple 

Malus spp.; among other Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.; M. prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. 

FP 4044 Japanese medlar, see Loquat 

FP 0228 Loquat 

Eriobotrya japonica (Thunberg ex J.A. Murray) Lindley 

FP 0229 Medlar 

Mespilus germanica L. 

FP 4047 Nashi pear, see Pear, oriental 

FP 0230 Pear 

Pyrus communis L.; P. pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai; P. bretschneideri Rhd.; P. sinensis L. 

FP 4049 Pear, Oriental, see Pear 

Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai 

FP 0231 Quince 

Cydonia oblonga P. Miller; 

syn: Cydonia vulgaris Persoon 

FP 4051 Sand pear, see Pear, Oriental 

5

Stone fruits 

Class A 

Type 1 Fruits Group 003 Group Letter Code FS 

Stone fruits are produced on trees belonging to the genus Prunus of the rose family (Rosaceae). They are 

characterized by fleshy tissue surrounding a single hard shelled seed. The fruit is fully exposed to pesticides 

applied during the growing season (from fruit setting until harvest). Dipping of fruit immediately after harvest, 

especially with fungicides, may also occur. 

The entire fruit, except the seed, may be consumed in a succulent or processed form. 


removal of stems and stones, but the residue calculated and expressed on the whole commodity 

without stem. 

Group 003 Stone fruits 

Code N0. Commodity 

FS 0012 Stone fruits 

Prunus spp. 

FS 0013 Cherries 

Prunus cerasus L.; P. avium L. 

FS 0014 Plums (including Prunes) 

Prunus domestica L.; other Prunus spp and ssp. 

FS 0240 Apricot 

Prunus armeniaca L.; 

syn: Armeniaca vulgaris Lamarck 

FS 0241 Bullace 

Prunus insititia L.; 

syn: Prunus domestica L., ssp. insititia (L.) Schneider 

FS 0242 Cherry plum 

Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart, syn: P. divaricata Ledeboer P. salicina Lindl., var. 

Burbank 

FS 4053 Chickasaw plum, see Plum, Chickasaw 

FS 0243 Cherry, Sour 

Prunus cerasus L. 

FS 0244 Cherry, Sweet 

Prunus avium L. 

FS 4055 Damsons (Damson plums), see Plum, Damson 

FS 4056 Greengages (Greengage plums), see Plum, Greengage 

FS 0245 Nectarine 

Prunus persica (L.) Batch, var. nectarina 

6

FS 4057 Mirabelle, see Plum, Mirabelle 

FS 0246 Morello 

Prunus cerasus L., var. austera L. 

FS 4059 Myrobolan plum, see Cherry plum 

FS 0247 Peach 

Prunus persica (L.) Batsch; 

syn: P. vulgaris Mill. 

FS 4061 Plum, American, see Sloe 

FS 0248 Plum, Chickasaw 

Prunus angustifolia Marsh.; 

syn: P. Chicasaw Mich. 

FS 4063 Plum, Damson, see Bullace 

FS 4065 Plum, Greengage, see Plums 

Prunus insititia L., var. italica (Borkh.) L.M Neum. 

FS 4069 Plum, Japanese, see Plums 

Prunus salicina Lindley; 

syn: P. triflora Roxb. 

FS 4071 Plum, Mirabelle, see Bullace 

Prunus insititia L., var. syriaca; 

syn: P. domestica L., ssp insititia (L.) Schneider 

FS 4072 Prunes, see Plums 

FS 0249 Sloe 

Prunus spinosa L.; several wild Prunus spp. 

7

Berries and other small fruits 

Class A 

Type 1 Fruits Group 004 Group Letter Code FB 

Berries and other small fruits are derived from a variety of perennial plants and shrubs having fruit 

characterized by a high surface : weight ratio. The fruits are fully exposed to pesticides applied during the 

growing season (blossoming until harvest). 

The entire fruit, often including seed, may be consumed in a succulent or processed form. 

Portion of commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity after removal 

of caps and stems. Currants, Black, Red, White: fruit with stem. 

Group 004 Berries and other small fruits 


FB 0018 Berries and other small fruits 

FB 0019 Vaccinium berries, including Bearberry 

Vaccinium spp.; Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 

FB 0020 Blueberries 

Vaccinium corymbosum L.; Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.; 

Vaccinium ashei Reade; Gaylussacia spp. 

FB 0260 Bearberry 

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. 

FB 0261 Bilberry 

Vaccinium myrtillus L. 

FB 0262 Bilberry, Bog 

Vaccinium uliginosum L. 

FB 0263 Bilberry, Red 

Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. 

FB 0264 Blackberries 

Rubus fruticosus L., several ssp. 

FB 4073 Blueberry, Highbush, see Blueberries 

Vaccinium corymbosum L. 

FB 4075 Blueberry, Lowbush, see Blueberries 

Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. 

FB 4077 Blueberry, Rabbiteye, see Blueberries 

Vaccinium ashei Reade 

FB 4079 Boysenberry, see Dewberries 

Hybrid of Rubus spp. 

FB 0277 Cloudberry 

Rubus chamaemorus L. 

8

FB 4081 Cowberry, see Bilberry, Red 

FB 0265 Cranberry 

Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. 

syn: Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Aiton) Pursh 

FB 0021 Currants, Black, Red, White 

Ribes nigrum L.; R. rubrum L. 

FB 0278 Currant, Black, see also Currants, Black, Red, White 

Ribes nigrum L. 

FB 0279 Currant, Red, White, see also Currants, Black, Red, White 

Ribes rubrum L. 

FB 0266 Dewberries (including Boysenberry and Loganberry) 

Rubus ceasius L.; several Rubus ssp. and hybrids 

FB 0267 Elderberries 

Sambucus spp. 

FB 0268 Gooseberry 

Ribes uva-crispa L. 

syn: Ribes grossularia L. 

FB 0269 Grapes 

Vitis vinifera L., several cultivars 

FB 4083 Huckleberries 

1. Blueberries, see above 

2. Gaylussacia spp., see Blueberries 

FB 0270 Juneberries 

Amelanchier ovalis Med.; A. Canadense Med. 

FB 4085 Loganberry, see Dewberries 

Rubus loganobaccus, hybrid of Rubus spp. 

FB 0271 Mulberries 

Morus alba L.; Morus nigra L.; Morus rubra L. 

FB 4087 Olallie berry, see Dewberries 

FB 0272 Raspberries, Red, Black 

Rubus idaeus L.; Rubus occidentalis L. 

FB 0273 Rose hips 

Rosa L., several spp. 

FB 0274 Service berries 

1. see Juneberries 

2. Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz; 

Sorbus domestica L. 

FB 0275 Strawberry 

Fragaria x ananassa Duchene; 

9

syn: F. grandiflora Ehrh. 

FB 0276 Strawberries, Wild 

Fragaria vesca L.; Fragaria moschata Duchene 

FB 4091 Strawberry, Musky, see Strawberries, Wild 

Fragaria moschata Duchene 

FB 1235 Table-grapes 

Special cultivars of Vitis vinifera L., suitable for direct human consumption 

FB 4093 Whortleberry, Red, see Bilberry, Red 

FB 4094 Youngberry, see Dewberries 

FB 1236 Wine-grapes 

Special cultivars of Vitis vinifera L., suitable for preparing juice and fermenting into 

wine 

10

Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel 

Class A 

Type 1 Fruits Group 005 Group Letter Code FT 

The assorted Tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel are derived from the immature or mature fruits of a 

large variety of perennial plants, usually shrubs or trees. the fruits are fully exposed to pesticides during the 

growing seas (period of fruit development). 

The whole fruit may be consumed in a succulent or processed form. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity. Dates and 

Olives: Whole commodity after removal of stems and stones but residue calculated and expressed 

on the whole fruit. 

Group 005 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel 

Code No, Commodity 

FT 0026 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel 

FT 4095 Acerola, see Barbados cherry 

FT 0285 Ambarella 

Spondias cytherea Sonn.; 

syn: S. dulcis Forst 

FT 4097 Aonla, see Otaheite gooseberry 

FT 0286 Arbutus berry 

Arbutus unedo L. 

FT 0287 Barbados cherry 

Malpighia glabra L. 

FT 0288 Bilimbi 

Averrhao bilimbi L. 

FT 4099 Brazilian cherry, see Grumichana 

FT 0289 Carambola 

Averrhoa carambola L. 

FT 0290 Caranda 

Carissa carandas L. 

FT 0291 Carob 

Ceratonia siliqua L. 

FT 0292 Cashew apple 

Anacardium occidentale L. 

FT 0293 Chinese olive, Black, White 

Canarium pimela Koenig; syn: C. nigrum Engl.; 

Canarium album (Lour.) Taeusch. 

11

FT 0294 Coco plum 

Chyrsobalanus icaco L. 

FT 0295 Date 

Phoenix dactylifera L. 

FT 0296 Desert date 

Balanites aegiptica Del. 

FT 0297 Fig 

Ficus carica L. 

FT 0298 Grumichama 

Eugenia dombeyana DC. 

FT 0299 Hog plum 

Spondias mombin L.; 

syn: S. lutea L. 

FT 4101 Icaco plum, see Coco plum 

FT 0300 Jaboticaba 

Myrciaria cauliflora Berg.; 

syn: Eugenia cauliflora (Berg.) DC. 

FT 4103 Java almond, see Group 024: Tree nuts 

FT 0301 Jujube, Indian 

Zizyphus mauritania Lam.; 

syn: Z. jujuba (L.) Lam. non Mill. 

FT 0302 Jujube, Chinese 

Zizyphus jujuba Mill. 

FT 4105 Kaki or Kaki fruit, see Persimmon, Japanese 

FT 0303 Kumquats 

Fortunella japonica (Thunberg) Swingle; 

F. margarita (Loureiro) Swingle 

FT 4107 Kumquat, Marumi, see Kumquats 

Fortunella japonica (Thunberg) Swingle 

FT 4109 Kumquat, Nagami, see Kumquats 

Fortunella margarita (Loureiro) Swingle 

FT 4111 Locust tree, see Carob 

FT 0304 Natal plum 

Carissa grandiflora A.DC. 

FT 0305 Olives 

Olea europaea L., var. europaea 

FT 0306 Otaheite gooseberry 

Phyllantus distichus (L.) Muell.-Arg. 

syn: Ph. acidus (L.) Skeels 

12

FT 4113 Persimmon Chinese, see Persimmon, Japanese 

FT 0307 Persimmon, Japanese 

Diospyros Kaki L.f.; 

syn: D. chinensis Blume 

some cultivars have an inedible peel 

FT 4115 Pitanga, see Surinam Cherry 

FT 4117 Pomarrosa, see Rose apples 

FT 4119 Pomarrosa, Malay, see Pomerac 

FT 0308 Pomerac 

Syzygium Malaccensis (L.) Merr. et Perry; 

syn: Eugenia malaccensis L. 

FT 0309 Rose apple 

Syzigium jambos (L.) Alston; 

syn: Eugenia jambos L. 

FT 0310 Sea grape 

Coccoloba uvifera Jacq. 

FT 4121 St. John’s bread, see Carob 

FT 0311 Surinam cherry 

Eugenia uniflora L. 

FT 4123 Tamarillo, see Tree tomato 

FT 4125 Tree strawberry, see Arbutus berry 

FT 0312 Tree tomato 

Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendt 

13

Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible peel 

Class A 

Type 1 Fruits Group 006 Group Letter Code FI 

The assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible peel are derived from the immature or mature fruits of 

a large variety of perennial plants, usually shrubs or trees. Fruits are fully exposed to pesticides applied 

during the growing seas (period of fruit development) but the edible portion is protected by skin, peel or husk. 

The edible part of the fruits may be consumed in a fresh or processed form. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole fruit unless qualified: 

e.g., banana pulp. Pineapple after removal of crown. Avocado, mangos and similar fruit with hard 

seeds: Whole commodity after removal of stone but calculated on whole fruit. 

Group 006 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible peel 


FI 0030 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible peel 

FI 5298 Achiote, see Annatto 

FI 0325 Akee apple 

Blighia sapida Koenig 

FI 0324 Annatto 

Bixa orellana L. 

FI 0326 Avocado 

Persea americana Mill. 

FI 0327 Banana 

Subsp. and cultivars of Musa ssp. and hybrids 

FI 0328 Banana, Dwarf 

Musa hybrids, AAA group; 

syn: M. cavendishii Lambert; M. nana Lour. 

FI 0329 Breadfruit 

Artocarpus communis J.R. et G. Forster; 

syn: Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg 

FI 0330 Canistel 

Pouteria campechiana (HBK.) Baenhi; this species includes former Lacuma 

nervosa A.DC. and L. salicifolia HBK. 

FB 0331 Cherimoya 

Annona cherimola Mill. 

FI 4127 Chinese gooseberry, see Kiwifruit 

FI 4128 Chinese persimmon, see subgroup 005 Persimmon, Japanese 

FI 0332 Custard apple 

Annona reticulata L. 

14

FI 0333 Doum or Dum palm 

Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart. 

FI 0334 Durian 

Durio zibethinus Murr. 

FI 4129 Egg fruit, see Canistel 

FI 0371 Elephant apple 

Feronia limonia (L.) Swing; 

syn: Feronia elephantum; Limonia acidissima 

FI 0335 Feijoa 

Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg; 

syn: Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret 

FI 4131 Genip, see Marmaladedos 

FI 4132 Granddilla, see Passion fruit 

FI 4134 Guanabana, see Soursop 

FI 0336 Guava 

Psidium guajava L. 

FI 0337 Ilama 

Annona diversifolia Saff. 

FI 4133 Indian fig, see Prickly pear 

FI 4136 Indian wood apple, see Elephant apple 

FI 0338 Jackfruit 

Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.; 

syn: A. integra (Thunb.) Merr.; A. integrifolia L. f. 

FI 0339 Jambolan 

Zyzigium cumini (L.) Skeels; 

syn: Eugenia cuminii (L.) Druce; 

Eugenia obtusifolia Roxb. 

FI 0340 Java apple 

Eugenia javanica Lam; 

Syn: Syzigium samarangense (Bl.) Merr. & Perry 

FI 0341 Kiwifruit 

Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) Liang et Ferguson; 

syn: A. chinensis Planck 

FI 0342 Longan 

Nephelium longana (Lam.) Camb.; 

syn: Euphoria longana Lam. 

FI 0343 Litchi 

Litchi chinensis Sonn.; 

syn: Nephelium litchi Camb. 

15

FI 4135 Lulo, see Naranjilla 

FI 4138 Malay apple, see Pomerac, Group 005: Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits – edible 

peel 

FI 0344 Mammey apple 

Mammea americana L. 

FI 0345 Mango 

Mangifera indica L. 

FI 0346 Mangostan 

Garcinia mangostana L. 

FI 4137 Mangosteen, see Mangostan 

FI 0347 Marmaladedos 

Genipa americana L. 

FI 0348 Mombin, Yellow 

Spondias lutea L.; 

syn: S. mombin L. 

FI 0349 Naranjilla 

Solanum quitoense Lam. 

FI 4139 Papaw or Pawpaw, see Papaya 

FI 0350 Papaya 

Carica papaya L. 

FI 0351 Passion fruit 

Cultivars of Passiflora edulis Sims 

FI 0352 Persimmon, American 

Diospyros virginiana L. 

FI 4141 Persimmon, Japanese, see Group 005 

FI 0353 Pineapple 

Ananas comosus (L.) Merril; 

syn: A. sativus (L.) Lindl. 

FI 4143 Pineapple guava, see Feijoa 

FI 0354 Plantain 

Musa x paradisiaca L., var. sapientum (L.) Kuntze 

FI 0355 Pomegranate 

Punica granatum L. 

FI 0356 Prickly pear 

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) P. Miller 

FI 0357 Pulasan 

Nephelium mutabile Bl. 

16

FI 4145 Quito orange, see Naranjilla 

FI 0358 Rambutan 

Nephelium lappaceum L. 

FI 0359 Sapodilla 

Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg; 

syn: Achras zapota L. 

FI 0360 Sapote, Black 

Diospyros ebenaster Retz. 

FI 0361 Sapote, Green 

Calocarpum viride Pitt. 

FI 0362 Sapote, Mammey 

Calocarpum sapota (Jacq.) Merr. 

FI 0363 Sapote, White 

Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex 

FI 0364 Sentul 

Sandoricum koetjape Merr.; 

syn: S. indicum Car. 

FI 4147 Sesso vegetal, see Akee apple 

FI 0365 Soursop 

Annona muricata L. 

FI 0366 Spanish lime 

Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.; 

syn: Melicocca bijuga L. 

FI 0367 Star apple 

Chrysophyllum cainito L. 

FI 4149 Strawberry peach, see Kiwifruit 

FI 0368 Sugar apple 

Annona squamosa L. 

FI 4151 Sweetsop, see Sugar apple 

FI 0369 Tamarind 

Tamarindus indica L. 

FI 0370 Tonka bean 

Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.; D. oppositifolia (Aubl.) Willd. 

17

TYPE 2 VEGETABLES 

Vegetables are foods derived from many different kinds of plants mostly annual and usually cultivated, 

commonly known by custom and tradition as “vegetables”: 

In several countries, some of these commodities grown on large areas are distinguished as “field crops” or 

arable crops e.g. sugar beet. For the sake of convenience in this guide such crops are classified under Type 

2 Vegetables. 

Exposure to pesticides is dependent on the particular part of the plant used for food and the growing 

practices. 

Vegetables may be consumed in whole or in part and in the form of fresh, dried or processed foods. 

Bulb vegetables 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 009 Group Letter Code VA 

Bulb vegetables are pungent highly flavoured foods derived from fleshy scale bulbs (in some commodities 

including stem and leaves), of the genus Allium of the lily family (Liliaceae). Bulb fennel is included in this 

group; the bulb-like growth of this commodity gives rise to similar residues. 

The subterranean parts of the bulbs and shoots are protected from direct exposure to pesticides during the 

growing season. 

The entire bulb may e consumed after removal of the parchment-like skin. The leaves and stems of some 

species or cultivars may also be consumed. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Bulb/dry onions and garlic: 

Whole commodity after removal of roots and adhering soil and whatever parchment skin is easily 

detached. 

Leeks and spring onions: Whole vegetable after removal of roots and adhering soil. 

Group 009 Bulb vegetables 


VA 0035 Bulb vegetables 

VA 0036 Bulb vegetables, except Fennel, bulb 

VA 4153 Carosella, see Fennel, Italian 

VA 4155 Chives, see Group 027: Herbs 

VA 4157 Chives, Chinese, see Group 027: Herbs 

VA 0380 Fennel, Bulb 

Foeniculum vulgare Mill.; 

syn: F. officinale All. 

- var. dulce (Mill.) Thell.; syn: F. dulce Mill.; 

- var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.; syn: F. azoricum Mill. 

VA 4159 Fennel, Italian, see Fennel, bulb 

18

Foeniculum vulgare Mill., var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.; 

syn: F. azoricum Mill. 

VA 4161 Fennel, Roman, see Fennel, bulb 

Foeniculum vulgare Mill., var. dulce (Mill.) Thell.; 

syn: F. dulce Mill. 

VA 4163 Fennel, Sweet, see Fennel, Roman 

VA 0381 Garlic 

Allium sativum L. 

VA 0382 Garlic, Great-headed 

Allium ampeloprasum L., var. ampeloprasum 

VA 4165 Japanese bunching onion, see Welsh onion 

VA 0383 Kurrat 

Allium ampeloprasum L., var. kurrat Schweinf. ex Krause 

VA 0384 Leek 

Allium porrum L.; 

syn: A. ampeloprasum L., var. porrum (L.) Gay 

VA 4167 Multiplying onion, see Onion, Welsh 

VA 0385 Onion, Bulb 

Allium cepa L. var. cepa, various cultivars 

VA 0386 Onion, Chinese 

Allium chinense Don.; 

syn: A. bakeri Regel 

VA 4169 Onion, Egyptian, see Tree onion 

VA 0387 Onion, Welsh 

Allium fistulosum L. 

VA 4171 Rakkyo, see Onion, Chinese 

VA 0388 Shallot 

Allium ascalonicum L.; 

syn: A. cepa L., var. aggregatum Don. 

VA 0389 Spring onion 

Allium cepa L., various cultivars, a.o. White Lisbon; White Portugal 

VA 0390 Silverskin onion 

Allium cepa L., var. 

VA 0391 Tree onion 

Allium cepa L., var. proliferum Targioni-Tozzetti; 

syn: A. cepa L., var. bulbiferum Bailey; 

A. cepa L., var. viviparum (Metz.) Alef 

19

Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, Head cabbages, Flowerhead brassicas 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 010 Group Letter Code VB 

Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables and flowerhead brassicas are foods derived from the leafy heads, 

stems and immature inflorescences of plants belonging to the genus Brassica of the family Cruciferae. 

Although Kohlrabi does not comply fully with the description above, for convenience and because of the 

similarity in residue behaviour the commodity is classified in this group. Kohlrabi is a tuber-like enlargement 

of the stem. 

The edible part of the crop is partly protected from pesticides applied during the growing season by outer 

leaves, or skin (Kohlrabi). 

The entire vegetable after discarding obviously decomposed or withered leaves may be consumed. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Head cabbages and Kohlrabi: 

Whole commodity as marketed, after removal of obviously decomposed or withered leaves. 

Cauliflower and broccoli: flower heads (immature inflorescence only). Brussels sprouts: “buttons” 

only. 

Group 010 Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, Head cabbages, Flowerhead brassicas 

Code N0, Commodity 

VB 0040 Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, Head cabbages, Flowerhead brassicas 

VB 0041 Cabbages, Head 

Brassica oleracea L., convar. capitata L., several var. and cvs. 

VB 0042 Flowerhead brassicas (includes Broccoli, Broccoli, Chinese and Cauliflower) 

VB 0400 Broccoli 

Brassica oleracea L., convar. botrytis L., var. italica Plenck 

VB 0401 Broccoli, Chinese 

Brassica campestris L., var. alboglabra Bailey 

VB 4173 Broccoli, Sprouting, see Broccoli 

VB 0402 Brussels sprouts 

Brassica oleracea L., convar. oleracea L., var. gemmifera DC. 

VB 4175 Cabbage, see Cabbages, Head 

VB 4177 Cabbage, Green, see Cabbage, Savoy 

VB 4179 Cabbage, Red, see Cabbages, Head 

Brassica oleracea L.; convar. capitata L., var. rubra 

VB 4181 Cabbage, Oxhead, see Cabbages, Head 

Brassica oleracea L., convar. capitata L., var. alba, forma conica 

VB 4183 Cabbage, Pointed, see Cabbage, Oxhead 

VB 4185 Cabbage, White, see Cabbages, Head 

20

Brassica oleracea L., convar. capitata L., var. alba 

VB 0403 Cabbage, Savoy, see also Cabbages, Head 

Brassica Oleracea L., convar. capitata L., var. sabauda L. 

VB 4187 Cabbage, Yellow, see Cabbage, Savoy 

VB 0404 Cauliflower, see also Flowerhead brassicas 

Brassica oleracea L., convar. botrytis L., var. botrytis L., several cvs (white and 

green) 

VB 4189 Cauliflower, Green, see Cauliflower 

VB 4191 Kailan, see Broccoli, Chinese 

VB 0405 Kohlrabi 

Brassica oleracea L., convar. acephala, var. gongylodes 

21

Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 011 Group Letter Code VC 

Group 011 Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits are derived from the immature or mature fruits of various plants, 

belonging to the botanical family Cucurbitaceae: usually these are annual vines or bushes. 

These vegetables are fully exposed to pesticides during the period of fruit development. 

The edible portion of those fruits of which the inedible peel is discarded before consumption is protected from 

most pesticides, by the skin or peel, except from pesticides with a systemic action. 

The entire fruiting vegetable or the edible portion after discarding the inedible peel may be consumed in the 

fresh form or after processing. The entire immature fruit of some of the fruiting vegetables species may be 

consumed, whereas only the edible portion of the mature fruit of the same species, after discarding the then 

inedible peel, is consumed. 


removal of stems. 

Group 011 Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits 


VC 0045 Fruiting vegetables, Cucurbits 

VC 0046 Melons, except Watermelon 

Several var. and cultivars of Cucumis melo L. 

VC 0420 Balsam apple 

Momordica balsamina L. 

VC 0421 Balsam pear 

Momordica charantia L. 

VC 4193 Bitter cucumber, see Balsam pear 

VC 4195 Bitter gourd, see Balsam pear 

VC 4197 Bitter melon, see Balsam pear 

VC 0422 Bottle gourd 

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.; 

syn: L. vulgaris Ser.; L. leucantha (Duch.) Rusby 

VC 4199 Cantaloupe, see Melons 

Cucumis melo L., var. cantaloupensis Naud. 

VC 4201 Casaba or Casaba melon, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cucumis melo L., var. inodorus Naud. 

VC 0423 Chayote 

Sechium edule (Jacq.) Schwartz; 

syn: Chayota edulis Jacq. 

22

VC 4203 Christophine, see Chaoyote 

VC 4205 Citron melon, see Watermelon 

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf., var. edulis; 

syn: Citrullus edulis Pang. 

VC 4207 Courgette, see Squash, Summer 

VC 0424 Cucumber 

Cucumis sativus L.; English and forcing cucumber cultivars 

VC 4209 Cucuzzi, see Bottle Gourd 

VC 4211 Cushaws, see Pumpkins 

Mature cultivars of Cucurbita mixta Pang. 

VC 0425 Gherkin 

Cucumis sativus L.; pickling cucumber cultivars 

VC 0426 Gherkin, West Indian 

Cucumis anguria L. 

VC 0427 Loofah, Angled 

Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. 

VC 0428 Loofah, Smooth 

Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. J. Roem; 

syn: L. aegyptiaca Mill. 

VC 4213 Marrow, see Squash, Summer 

Cucurbita pepo, several cultivars 

VC 4215 Melon, Crenshaw, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cultivar of Cucumis melo L., var. reticulatus Naud. 

VC 4217 Melon, Honey Ball, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cultivar of Cucumus melo L., var. reticulatus Naud. 

VC 4219 Melon, Honeydew, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cultivar of Winter, or White-skinned Melon 

Cucumis melo L., var. inodorus Naud. 

VC 4221 Melon, Mango, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cucumis melo L., var. chito Naud. 

VC 4223 Melon, Netted, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

synonym of Muskmelon, see there 

VC 4225 Melon, Oriental Pickling, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cucumis melo L., var. conomon Mak. 

VC 4227 Melon, Persian, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 


VC 4229 Melon, Pomegranate, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cucumis melo L., var. dudaim Naud. 

23

VC 4231 Melon, Serpent, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cucumis melo L., var. flexuosus Naud. 

VC 4233 Melon, Snake, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

synonym of Melon, Serpent 

VC 4235 Melon, White-skinned, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

Cultivars of Cucumis melo L., var. inodorus Naud. 

VC 4237 Melon, Winter, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 

synonym of Melons, White skinned, see there 

VC 4239 Muskmelon, see Subgroup Melons, except Watermelon 


VC 4241 Patisson, see Squash, White Bush 

Cucurbita pepo L., var. patissonina 

VC 0429 Pumpkins 

Mature cultivars of Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.; C. mixta Pang.; C. moschata 

(Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poir. and C. pepo L. 

VC 4243 Sinkwa or Sinkwa towel gourd, see Loofah, Angled 

VC 0430 Snake gourd 

Trichosanthes cucumerina L.; 

syn: T. anguina L. 

VC 4245 Sponge gourd, see Loofah, Smooth 

VC 4247 Squash, see Squash, Summer, and Winter squash 

VC 0431 Squash, Summer 

Cucurbita pepo L., var. melopepo Alef several cultivars, immature 

VC 4249 Squash, White Bush, see Squash, Summer 

VC 4251 Vegetable spaghetti, see Pumpkins 

Cucurbita pepo 

VC 4253 Vegetable sponge, see Loofah, Smooth 

VC 0432 Watermelon 

Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf. 

syn: C. vulgaris Schrad.; Colocynthis citrullus (L.) O. Ktze. 

VC 4255 Wax gourd 

Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.; 

syn: B. cerifera Savi 

VC 4257 West Indian gherkin, see Gherkin, West Indian 

VC 4259 Winter melon, see Melon, Winter 

VC 0433 Winter squash, see also Pumpkins 

Mature cultivars of Cucurbita maxima Duch. ex Lam.; C. mixta Pang.; C. moschata 

(Duch. ex Lam.) Duch. ex Poir. and C. pepo L. 

24

VC 4261 Zucchetti, see Squash, Summer 

VC 4263 Zucchini, see Squash, Summer 

25

Fruiting vegetables other than Cucurbits (not including pods of leguminous vegetables, see Group 

014) 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 012 Group Letter Code VO 

Group 012 Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits are derived from the immature and mature fruits of 

various plants, usually annual vines or bushes. The group includes edible fungi and mushrooms, being 

comparable organs of lower plants. Many plants of this group belong to the botanical family Solanaceae. 

This group does not include fruits of vegetables of the botanical family Cucurbitaceae or the pods of 

vegetables of the Leguminosae family. 

The vegetables of this group are fully exposed to pesticides applied during the period of fruit development, 

except those of which the edible portion is covered by husks, such as sweet corn, ground cherries (Physalis 

spp.). The latter fruiting vegetables are protected from most pesticides by the husk except from pesticides 

with a systemic action. 

The entire fruiting vegetable or the edible portion after discarding husks or peels may be consumed in a fresh 

form or after processing. 


removal of stems. Mushrooms: Whole commodity. Sweet corn and fresh corn: kernels plus cob 

without husk. 

Group 012 Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits 


VO 0050 Fruiting vegetables, other than Cucurbits 

VO 0051 Peppers 

Subgroup including Peppers, Chili and Peppers, Sweet 

VO 4265 Alkekengi, see Ground cherries 

Physalis alkekengi L. 

VO 4267 Aubergine, see Egg plant 

VO 4269 Bell pepper, see Peppers, Sweet 

VO 4271 Cape gooseberry, see Ground cherries 

Physalis peruviana L. 

VO 4273 Cherry pepper, see Peppers, Chili 

Capsicum annuum L., var. acumimata Fingerh. 

VO 4275 Cherry tomato, see Ground cherries 

VO 4277 Chili peppers, see Peppers, Chili 

VO 4279 Chinese lantern plant, see Ground cherries 

VO 4281 Cluster pepper, see Peppers, Chili 

Capsicum annuum L., var. fasciculatum (Sturt.) Irish 

26

VO 4283 Cone pepper, see Peppers, Chili 

VO 4285 Corn-on-the-cob, see Sweet corn (corn-on-the-cob) 

VO 0440 Egg plant 

Solanum melongena L., var. melongena L. 

VO 0449 Fungi, Edible (not including mushrooms) 

According to Codex Stand. 38-1981: various edible species of fungi, mainly wild, 

among others Boletus edulis; other Boletus spp, Morchella spp, Pleurotus 

ostreatus 

VO 4287 Fungus “Chanterelle”, see Fungi, Edible 

Cantharellus cibarius (Codex Stand. 40-1981) 

VO 4289 Golden berry, see Ground cherries 

Physalis peruviana L. 

VO 0441 Ground cherries 

Physalis alkekengi L.; Ph. ixocarpa Brot. ex Horn.; Ph. peruviana L. 

VO 4291 Husk tomato, see Ground cherries 

VO 4293 Lady’s finger, see Okra 

VO 4295 Melon pear, see Pepino 

VO 0450 Mushrooms 

Cultivated cultivars of Agaricus spp. 

syn: Psalliota spp., mainly Agaricus bisporus (definition 

Codex Stand. 55-1981) 

VO 4297 Naranjilla, see Group 006 Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible peel 

VO 0442 Okra 

Hibiscus esculentus L.; 

syn: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. 

VO 4299 Paprika, see Peppers, Sweet 

VO 0443 Pepino 

Solanum muricatum L. 

VO 0444 Peppers, Chili 

Capsicum annuum L.; several pungent cultivars 

VO 4301 Peppers, Long, see Peppers, Sweet 

Capsicum annuum L., var. longum (D. C.) Sendt. 

VO 0445 Peppers, Sweet (including pimento or pimiento) 

Capsicum annuum, var. grossum (L.) Sendt. and var. longum (D. C.) Sendt. 

VO 4303 Pimento or Pimiento, see Peppers, Sweet 

VO 4305 Quito Orange, see Naranjilla 

VO 0446 Roselle 

27

Hibiscus sabdariffa L., var. sabdariffa L. 

VO 4307 Strawberry tomato, see Ground cherries 

VO 0447 Sweet corn (corn-on-the-cob), see definition in Codex Stan. 133-1981 

Zea mays L., var. saccharata Sturt; 

syn: Zea mays L., var. rugosa Bonof. 

VO 1275 Sweet corn (kernels), see definition in Codex Stan. 132-1981 

VO 4309 Tomatillo, see Ground cherries 

Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horn. 

VO 0448 Tomato 

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; 

syn: Solanum lycopersicum L. 

VO 4311 Tree melon, see Pepino 

28

Leafy vegetables (including Brassica leafy vegetables) 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 013 Group Letter Code VL 

Group 013 Leafy vegetables are foods derived from the leaves of a wide variety of edible plants, usually 

annuals or biennials. They are characterized by high surface : weight ratio. The leaves are fully exposed to 

pesticides applied during the growing season. 

The entire leaf may be consumed, either fresh or after processing or household cooking. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity as usually 

marketed, after removal of obviously decomposed or withered leaves. 

Group 013 Leafy vegetables (including Brassica leafy vegetables) 


VL 0053 Leafy vegetables 

VL 0054 Brassica leafy vegetables 

Brassica spp. 

VL 0460 Amaranth 

among others Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.; A. cruentus L.; A. tricolor L., 

several var. 

VL 4313 Amsoi, see Indian Mustard 

VL 4315 Arrugula, see Rucola 

VL 0421 Balsam pear leaves 

Momordica charantia L. 

VL 4317 Beet leaves, see Chard 

VL 0461 Betel leaves 

Piper betle L. 

VL 4319 Bitter cucumber leaves, see Balsam pear leaves 

VL 4321 Blackjack 

Bidens pilosa L. 

VL 4323 Bledo, see Amaranth 

VL 4325 Borecole, see Kale, curly 

VL 0462 Box thorn 

Lycium chinense Mill. 

VL 4327 Broccoli raab 

similar to Turnip greens, see there 

Brassica campestris L., ruvo group 

VL 0463 Cassava leaves 

29

Manihot esculenta Crantz 

VL 4329 Celery cabbage, see Chinese cabbage 

VL 4331 Celery mustard, see Pak-choi 

VL 0464 Chard 

Beta vulgaris L., var. vulgaris; 

syn: B. vulgaris L., var. cicla L. 

VL 0465 Chervil 

Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffmann 

VL 0469 Chicory leaves (green and red cultivars) 

Cichorium intybus L., var. foliosum Hegi 

VL 0467 Chinese cabbage, (type Pe-tsai) 

Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Ruprecht 

syn: B. campestris L., ssp pekinensis (Lour.) Olson 

VL 0468 Choisum 

Brassica campestris L., var. parachinensis (Bailey) Sinsk. 

VL 4332 Collard, see Kale 

VL 0470 Corn salad 

Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterrade; 

syn: V. olitoria Poll. 

VL 0510 Cos lettuce 

Lactuca sativa L., var. romana 

L. sativa L.; var. longifolia 

VL 4333 Cowslip, (American english) see Marsh marigold 

Calltha palustris L. 

VL 0472 Cress, Garden 

Lepidium sativum L. 

VL 4335 Crisphead lettuce, see Lettuce, Head 

VL 4337 Curly Kale, see Kale, curly 

VL 4339 Cutting lettuce, see Lettuce, Leaf 

VL 0474 Dandelion 

Taraxacum officinale Weber 

VL 0475 Dock 

Rumex spp.; also Rumex hybrids 

VL 0476 Endive 

Cichorium endivia L. 

VL 4341 Endive, broad or plain leaved, see Endive 

Cichorium endivia L., var. latifolium Lamarck 

30

VL 4343 Endive, curled, see Endive 

Cichorium endivia L., var. crispum Lamarck 

VL 4345 Fennel, see Group 027 Herbs 

VL 4347 Fennel, Bulb, see Group 009 Bulb vegetables 

VL 4349 Garden cress, see Cress, Garden 

VL 0477 Goosefoot 

Chenopodium spp. 

VL 4351 Gow Kee, see Box thorn 

VL 0269 Grape leaves 

Vitis vinifera L. 

VL 0478 Indian mustard 

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. 

VL 4353 Jamaican sorrel, see Roselle leaves 

VL 0479 Japanese greens, various species, a.o. 

Chrysanthemum coronarium L.; Turnip greens (see there) 

Mizuma, Indian Mustard and Komatsuna 

VL 0480 Kale (including among others: Collards, Curly kale, Scotch kale, thousand-headed kale; 

not including Marrow-stem kale, no. AV 1052, see Group 052: Miscellaneous 

fodder and forage crops, page 108) 

Brassica oleracea L., convar. acephala (D. C.) Alef., var. acephala 

VL 4355 Kale, curly, see Kale 

Brassica oleracea L., convar. acephala (D. C.) Alef., var. sabellica L. 

VL 0507 Kangkung 

Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.; 

syn: I. reptans Poir. 

VL 0481 Komatsuma 

Brassica pervirides H. L. Bail. 

VL 4357 Lambs lettuce, see Corn salad 

VL 0482 Lettuce, Head 

Lactuca sativa L., var. capitata 

VL 0483 Lettuce, Leaf 

Lactuca sativa L., var. crispa L.; 

syn: L. sativa, var. foliosa 

VL 4359 Lettuce, Red, see Lettuce, Head 

Red cultivar of Lactuca sativa, var. capitata 

VL 0484 Mallow 

Malva verticillata L.; syn: M. crispa L.; M. mohileviensis Graebn., M. pamiroalaica 

Ilj. and M. sylvestris L. 

31

VL 0471 Marsh marigold 

Caltha palustris L. 

VL 4361 Matrimony vine, see Box thorn 

VL 0485 Mustard greens 

among others Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss ssp. juncea 

VL 4363 Mustard, Indian, see Indian Mustard 

VL 4364 Mustard spinach, see Komatsuma 

VL 0486 New Zealand spinach 

Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pallas) O. Kuntze; 

syn: T. expansa Murr. 

VL 0487 Nightshade, Black 

Solanum nigrum L. 

VL 4365 Namenia, see Turnip greens 

VL 0488 Orach 

Atriplex hortensis L. 

VL 0466 Pak-choi or Paksoi 

Brassica sinensis L.; 

syn: B. campestris, ssp chinensis (L.) Makino 

VL 4367 Pak-tsai, see Chinese cabbage, (type Pe-tsai) 

VL 4368 Pak-tsoi or Pak-soi, see Pak-choi or Paksoi 

VL 0337 Papaya leaves 

Carica papaya L. 

VL 0489 Pepper leaves 

Piper umbellatum L. (Asia); P. auritum H. B. & K.; 

P. sanctum (Miq.) Schlecht., both Centr. and S. America 

VL 0490 Plantain leaves 

Plantago major L. 

VL 4369 Poke-berry leaves, see Pokeweed 

VL 0491 Pokeweed 

Phytolacca americana L.; 

syn: P. decandra L.; P. rivinoides H. et B. 

VL 0492 Purslane 

Portulaca oleracea L., ssp. sativa (Haw) Celak. 

VL 0493 Purslane, Winter 

Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.; 

syn: Montia perfoliata Howell 

VL 0494 Radish leaves (including Radish tops) 

Raphanus sativus L., several varieties 

32

VL 0495 Rape greens 

Brassica napus L. 

VL 4371 Red-leaved chicory, see Chicory leaves 

VL 4372 Rocket salad, see Rucola 

VL 4374 Roquette, see Rucola 

VL 0446 Roselle leaves 

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. 

VL 0496 Rucola 

Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. ssp sativa Mill. 

E. sativa L. 

VL 0497 Rutabaga greens 

Brassica napobrassica (L.) Mill.; 

syn: B. napus L., var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb. 

VL 0498 Salsify leaves 

Tragopogon porrifolium L. 

VL 0499 Sea kale 

Crambe maritima L. 

VL 0500 Senna leaves 

Cassia senna L.; 

syn: C. acutifolia Del. 

VL 4373 Silver beet, see Chard 

Beta vulgaris L.; var. flaveseens 

VL 4388 Sorrel, Jamaican, see Roselle leaves 

VL 0501 Sowthistle 

Sonchus oleraceus L. 

VL 0502 Spinach 

Spinacia oleracea L. 

VL 4375 Spinach beet, see Chard 

Beta vulgaris L.; var. vulgaris 

VL 0503 Spinach, Indian 

Basella alba L.; 

syn: B. rubra L. 

VL 4377 Sugar loaf, see Chicory leaves 

VL 0508 Sweet potato, leaves 

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir. 

VL 4379 Swiss chard, see Chard 

VL 0504 Tannia leaves 

33

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott; 

syn: X. edule (Mey) Schott; X. xanthorrhizon (Jacq.); 

C. Koch; Arum sagittaefolium L. 

VL 0505 Taro leaves 

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott 

VL 4381 Tendergreen, see Turnip greens 

VL 4383 Tsai shim, see Choisum 

VL 4385 Tsoi sum, see Choisum 

VL 0506 Turnip greens 

Brassica rapa L., var. rapa; 

syn: B. campestris L., var. rapifera Metz. 

VL 4387 Vine spinach, see Spinach, Indian 

VL 0473 Watercress 

Nasturtium officinale R. Br. and a hybrid of N. officinalis R. Br. x N. microphyllum 

(Boenningh.) Rchb. 

VL 4389 Water spinach, see Kangkung 

VL 4391 Yautia leaves, see Tannia leaves 

34

Legume vegetables 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 014 Group Letter Code VP 

Group 014. Legume vegetables are derived from the succulent seed and immature pods of leguminous 

plants commonly known as beans and peas. 

Pods are fully exposed to pesticides during the growing season, whereas the succulent seed is protected 

within the pod from most pesticides, except pesticides with systemic action. 

The succulent forms may be consumed as whole pods or as the shelled product. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity, unless 

otherwise specified. 

Group 014 Legume vegetables 

Code No, Commodity 

VP 0060 Legume vegetables 

VP 0061 Beans, except broad bean and soya bean (green pods and immature seeds) 

Phaseolus spp. 

VP 0062 Beans, shelled 

(succulent = immature seeds) 

VP 0063 Peas (pods and succulent = immature seeds) 

Pisum spp.; Vigna spp. 

VP 0064 Peas, shelled (succulent seeds) 


VP 4393 Angola pea (immature seed), see Pigeon pea 

VP 4395 Asparagus bean (pods), see Yard-long bean 

VP 4397 Asparagus pea (pods), see Goa bean 

VP 0520 Bambara groundnut (immature seeds) 

Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thou. 

VP 0521 Black gram (green pods) 

Phaseolus mungo L.; 

syn: Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper 

VP 4399 Bonavist bean (young pods and immature seeds), see Hyacinth bean 

VP 0522 Broad bean (green pods and immature seeds) 

Vicia faba L. subsp. eu-faba, var. major Harz and var. minor Beck. 

VP 0523 Broad bean, shelled (succulent) (= immature seeds) 

VP 4401 Butter bean (immature pods), see Lima bean 

35

VP 4402 Cajan pea (young green seeds), see Pigeon pea 

VP 4404 Catjang cowpea (immature pods and green seeds), see Cowpea 

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.; 

syn: Dolichos catjang Burm.; D. unguiculatus L. 

VP 0524 Chick-pea (green pods) 

Cicer arietinum L. 

VP 0525 Cluster bean (young pods) 

Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub; 

syn: C. psoralioides DC. 

VP 0526 Common bean (pods and/or immature seeds) 

Phaseolus vulgaris L., several cultivars 

VP 0527 Cowpea (immature pods) 

Vigna unguiculata L., Cv-group unguiculata 

VP 4403 Dwarf bean (immature pods and/or seeds), see Common bean 

VP 4405 Edible-podded pea, see Podded pea 

VP 4407 Fava bean (green pods and immature beans), see Broad bean 

VP 4409 Field bean (green pods), see Common bean 

VP 4411 Flageolet (fresh beans), see Common bean 

VP 4413 Four-angled bean (immature pods), see Goa bean 

VP 4415 French bean (immature pods and seeds), see Common bean 

VP 4417 Garbanzos, see Chick-pea 

VP 0528 Garden pea (young pods) (= succulent, immature seeds) 

Pisum sativum L., subsp. hortense (Neilr.) A. et G.; 

syn: P. sativum L., subsp. sativum L. 

VP 0529 Garden pea, shelled (succulent seeds) 

for scientific name see above 

VP 0530 Goa bean (immature pods) 

Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. 

VP 4419 Gram (green pods), see Chick-pea 

VP 4421 Green bean (green pods and immature seeds), see Common bean 

VP 4423 Green gram (green pods), see Mung bean 

VP 4425 Guar (young pods), see Cluster bean 

VP 4427 Haricot bean (green pods, and/or immature seeds), see Common bean 

VP 4429 Horse bean (green pods and/or immature seeds), see Broad bean 

36

VP 0531 Hyacinth bean (young pods, immature seeds) 

Dolichos lablab L.; 

syn: Lablab niger Medik; L. vulgaris Savi 

VP 0532 Jack bean (young pods, immature seeds) 

Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. 

VP 4431 Kidney bean (pods and/or immature seeds), see Common bean 

VP 4433 Lablab (young pods; immature seeds), see Hyacinth bean 

VP 0533 Lentil (young pods) 

Lens esculenta Moench.; 

syn: L. culinaris Medik; Ervum lens L. 

VP 0534 Lima bean (young pods and/or immature beans) 

Phaseolus lunatus L.; 

syn: Ph. limensis Macf.; Ph. inamoenus L. 

VP 0545 Lupin 

Lupinus ssp, sweet spp., varieties and cultivars with a low alkaloid content 

VP 4435 Mangetout or Mangetout pea, see Podded pea 

VP 4436 Manila bean (immature pods), see Goa bean 

VP 0535 Mat bean (green pods, mature, fresh seeds) 

Phaseolus aconitifolius Jacq.; 

syn: Ph. trilobus Ait; Vigna aconitifolius (Jacq.) Verde. 

VP 4437 Moth bean, see Mat bean 

VP 0536 Mung bean (green pods) 

Phaseolus aureus Roxb; 

syn: Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, var. radiata; V. aureus (Roxb.) Hepper 

VP 4439 Navy bean (young pods and/or immature seeds), see Common bean 

VP 4441 Pea, see Garden pea 

VP 4443 Pigeon bean (green pods and immature seeds), see Broad bean 

Vicia faba L., subsp. eu-faba, var. minor Beck 

VP 0537 Pigeon pea (green pods and/or young green seeds) 

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.; 

syn: C. indicus Spreng. 

VP 0538 Podded pea (young pods) 

Pisum sativum L., subsp. sativum var. axiphium; P. sativum L., subsp. sativum, var. 

sacharatum 

VP 4447 Red gram (green pods and/or young green seeds), see Pigeon pea 

VP 0539 Rice bean (young pods) 

Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi eg Ohashi; 

syn: V. calcarata (Roxb.) Kurz; Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb. 

37

VP 4449 Runner bean (green pods and seeds), see Common bean 

VP 0540 Scarlet runner bean (pods and seeds) 

Phaseolus coccineus L.; 

syn: Ph. multiflorus Willd. 

VP 4451 Sieva bean (young pods and/or green fresh beans), see Lima bean 

VP 4453 Snap bean (young pods), see Common bean 

VP 0541 Soya bean (immature seeds) 

Glycine max (L.) Merr.; 

syn: G. soja Sieb. & Succ.; G. hispida (Moench) Maxim.; Soja max (L.) Piper 

VP 4455 Soybean, see Soya bean 

VP 4457 Sugar pea (young pods), see Podded pea 

Pisum sativum L., subsp. sativum, var. sacharatum 

VP 0542 Sword bean (young pods and bean) 

Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. 

VP 4459 Urd bean (green pods), see Black gram 

VP 4461 Winged bean (immature pods), see Goa bean 

VP 0543 Winged pea (young pods) 

Tetragonolobus purpureus Moench; 

syn: Lotus tetragonolobus L. 

VP 4463 Wrinkled pea, see Garden pea 

Pisum sativum L., convar. medullare 

VP 0544 Yard-long bean (pods) 

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, Cv-group sesquipedalis 

38

Pulses 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 015 Group Letter Code VD 

Group 015. Pulses are derived from the mature seeds, naturally or artificially dried, of leguminous plants 

known as beans (dry) and peas (dry). 

The seeds in the pods are protected fr4om most pesticides applied during the growing season except 

pesticides which show a systemic action. the dried beans and peas however are often exposed to post 

harvest treatments. 

The dry pulses are consumed after processing or household cooking. 


Group 015 Pulses 


VD 0070 Pulses 

VD 0071 Beans (dry) 

Phaseolus spp.; several species and cultivars 

VD 0072 Peas (dry) 


VD 0560 Adzuki bean (dry) 

Phaseolus angularis (Willd.) Wight; 

syn: Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi 

VD 4465 Angola pea, see Pigeon pea 

VD 0520 Bambara groundnut (dry seed) 

Vigna subterranea (L.) Verde.; 

syn: Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thou. 

VD 4467 Black-eyed pea, see Cowpea 

VD 0521 Black gram (dry) 

Phaseolus mungo L.; 

syn: Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper 

VD 4469 Bonavist bean, see Hyacinth bean 

VD 0523 Broad bean (dry) 

Vicia faba L, subsp. eu-faba, var. major Harz. and var. minor Beck 

VD 4470 Butter bean, see Lima bean 

VD 4471 Cajan pea, see Pigeon pea 

VD 0524 Chick-pea (dry) 


39

VD 0526 Common bean (dry) 

Phaseolus vulgaris L. 

VD 0527 Cowpea (dry) 

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp; 

syn: V. sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk.; Dolichos sinensis L. 

VD 4473 Dwarf bean (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

VD 4475 Fava bean (dry), see Broad bean (dry) 

VD 4477 Field bean (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

VD 0561 Field pea (dry) 

Pisum sativum L., subsp. arvense (L.) A. et G.; 

syn: Pisum arvense L. 

VD 4479 Flageolet (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

VD 4481 French bean, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

VD 4483 Geocarpa groundnut or Geocarpa bean, see Kersting’s groundnut 

VD 4485 Garden pea, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

VD 4487 Goa bean, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

VD 4489 Gram (dry), see Chick-pea (dry) 

VD 4491 Green beans, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

VD 4493 Green gram (dry), see Mung bean (dry) 

VD 4495 Groundnut, see Peanut, Group 023: Oilseed 

VD 4497 Haricot bean, see Common bean, Group 014: Legume vegetables 

VD 4499 Horse bean (dry), see Broad bean (dry) 

VD 0562 Horse gram 

Dolichos uniflorus Lam.; 

syn: D. biflorus auct. non L. 

VD 0531 Hyacinth bean (dry) 

Lablab niger Medik; 

syn: Dolichos lablab L.; Lablab vulgaris Savi. 

VD 4501 Jack bean, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

VD 0563 Kersting’s groundnut 

Macrostyloma geocarpum (Harms) Marcechal & Baudet; 

syn: Kerstingiella geocarpa Harms.; Voandzeia poissoinii Chev. 

VD 4503 Kidney bean (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

VD 4505 Lablab (dry), see Hyacinth bean (dry) 

40

VD 0533 Lentil (dry) 

Lens esculenta Moench; 

syn: L. culinaris Medik; Ervum lens L. 

VD 0534 Lima bean (dry) 

Phaseolus lunatus L.; 

syn: Ph. limensis Macf.; Ph. inamoenus L. 

VD 0545 Lupin (dry) 

Lupinus spp., sweet spp. varieties and cultivars with a low alkaloid content 

VD 0535 Mat bean (dry) 

Phaseolus aconitifolius Jacq. 

VD 4507 Moth bean (dry), see Mat bean (dry) 

VD 0536 Mung bean (dry) 

Phaseolus aureus Roxb; 

syn: Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, var. radiata; V. aureus (Roxb.) Hepper 

VD 4509 Navy bean (dry), see Common bean (dry) 

VD 4511 Pea (dry), see Field pea (dry) 

VD 0537 Pigeon pea (dry) 

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.; 

syn: C. indicus Spreng. 

VD 4513 Red gram (dry), see Pigeon pea (dry) 

VD 0539 Rice bean (dry) 

Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi; 

syn: V. calcarata (Roxb.) Kurz; Phaseolus calcaratus Roxb. 

VD 4515 Runner bean, see Common bean, Group 014: Legume vegetables 

VD 4517 Scarlet runner bean, see Group 014: Legume vegetables 

VD 4519 Sieva bean (dry), see Lima bean (dry) 

VD 0541 Soya bean (dry) 

Glycine max (L.) Merr.; 

syn: G. soja Sieb. & Zucc.; G. hispida (Moench) Maxim.; Soja max (L.) Piper 

VD 4521 Soybean (dry), see Soya bean (dry) 

VD 0564 Tepary bean (dry) 

Phaseolus acutifolius Gray, var. latifolius Freem. 

VD 4523 Urd bean (dry), see Black gram (dry) 

VD 4525 Wrinkled pea (dry), see Field pea (dry) 

41

Root and tuber vegetables 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 016 Group Letter Code VR 

Group 016. Root and tuber vegetables are the starchy enlarged solid roots, tubers, corms or rhizomes, 

mostly subterranean, of various species of plants, mostly annuals. 

The underground location protects the edible portion from pesticides applied to the aerial parts of the crop 

during the growing season; however the commodities in this group are exposed to pesticide residues from 

soil treatments. 

The entire vegetable may be consumed in the form of fresh or processed foods. 


removing tops. Remove adhering soil (e.g. by rinsing in running water or by gentle brushing of the 

dry commodity). 

Group 016 Root and tuber vegetables 


VR 0075 Root and tuber vegetables 

VR 4527 Achira, see Canna, edible 

VR 0570 Alocasia 

Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott; 

A. indica (Roxb.) Schott 

VR 0571 Arracacha 

Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.; 

syn: A. esculenta DC. 

VR 0572 Arrowhead 

Sagittaria sagittifolia L.; S. sagittifolia L., var. sinensis Sims; 

S. japonica Hort.; S. latifolia Willd.; 

S. trifolia L.; S. trifolia L., var. edulis Ohwi 

VR 0573 Arrowroot 

Maranta arundinacea L.; several cultivars 

VR 0574 Beetroot 

Beta vulgaris L., var. conditiva 

VR 4529 Black salsify, see Scorzonera 

VR 0575 Burdock, greater or edible 

Arctium lappa L.; 

syn: Lappa officinalis All.; L. major Gaertn. 

VR 0576 Canna, edible 

Canna edulis Ker. 

VR 0577 Carrot 

Daucus carota L. 

42

VR 0463 Cassava 

Manihot esculenta Crantz; 

syn: M. aipi Pohl; M. ultissima Pohl; M. dulcis Pax; M. palmata Muell.-Arg. 

VR 4531 Cassava, Bitter, see Cassava 

Manihot esculenta Crantz, bitter cultivars 

VR 4533 Cassava, Sweet, see Cassava 

Manihot esculenta Crantz, sweet cultivars 

VR 0578 Celeriac 

Apium graveolens L., var. rapaceum (Mill.) Gaudin 

VR 0423 Chayote root 

Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz 

VR 0579 Chervil, Turnip-rooted 

Chaerophyllum bulbosum L. 

VR 0469 Chicory, roots 

Cichorum intybus L. var. foliosum hegi and var. sativum Lam. & DC. 

VR 4535 Chinese radish, see Radish, Japanese 

VR 4537 Christophine, see Chayote root 

VR 4581 Chufa, see Tiger nut 

VR 4539 Cocoyam, see Tannia and Taro 

VR 44541 Dasheen, see Taro 

VR 4543 Daikon, see Radish, Japanese 

VR 4545 Eddoe, see Taro 

Colocasia esculenta L., var. antiquorum (Schott), Hubbard & Rehder; 

syn: C. esculenta, var. globifera Engl. & Krause 

VR 0581 Galangal, Greater 

Languas galanga (L.) Stuntz; 

syn: Alpinia galanga Sw. 

VR 0582 Galangal, Lesser 

Languas officinarum (Hance) Farwell; 

syn: Alpinia galanga Sw. 

VR 4547 Globe artichoke, see Group 017: Artichoke Globe, Stalk and stem vegetables 

VR 0530 Goa bean root 

Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. 

VR 4549 Gruya, see Canna, edible 

VR 0583 Horseradish 

Armoracia rusticana (Gaertn.) M. et Sch.; 

syn: Cochlearia armoracia L.; Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. 

43

VR 0584 Japanese artichoke 

Stachys sieboldii Miq. 

VR 0585 Jerusalem artichoke 

Helianthus tuberosus L. 

VR 4551 Jicama, see Yam bean 

VR 4553 Leren, see Topee Tambu 

VR 4555 Manioc, see Cassava, bitter 

VR 0586 Oca 

Oxalis tuberosa Mol. 

VR 4557 Oyster plant, see Salsify 

VR 0587 Parsley, Turnip-rooted 

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill var. tuberosum 

VR 0588 Parsnip 

Pastinaca sativa L. 

VR 0589 Potato 

Solanum tuberosum L. 

VR 4559 Potato yam, see Yam bean 

VR 4561 Queensland arrowroot, see Canna, edible 

VR 0494 Radish 

Raphanus sativus L., subvar. radicola Pers. 

VR 0590 Radish, Black 

Raphanus sativus L., subvar. niger Pers. 

VR 0591 Radish, Japanese 

Raphanus sativus L., var. longipinnatus Bailey 

VR 0592 Rampion roots 

Campanula rapunculus L. 

VR 4563 Rutabaga, see Swede 

VR 4564 Red beet, see Beetroot 

VR 0498 Salsify 

Tragopogon porrifolius L. 

VR 4565 Salsify, Black, see Scorzonera 

VR 0593 Salsify, Spanish 

Scolymus hispanicus L. 

VR 0594 Scorzonera 

Scorzonera hispanica L. 

44

VR 0595 Skirrit or Skirret 

Sium sisarum L. 

VR 0596 Sugar beet 

Beta vulgaris L., var. sacharifera; 

syn: B. vulgaris L. var. altissima 

VR 0497 Swede 

Brassica napus L., var. napobrassica (L.) Reichenbach 

VR 0508 Sweet potato 

Ipomoea batatas (L.) Poir 

VR 4567 Tanier, see Tannia 

VR 0504 Tannia 

Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott 

VR 4569 Tapioca, see Cassava 

VR 0505 Taro 

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, var. esculenta 

VR 0580 Tiger nut 

Cyperus esculentus L. 

VR 0598 Topee tambu 

Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl. 

VR 4571 Turnip, see Swede 

VR 0506 Turnip, Garden 

Brassica rapa L., var. rapa ; 

syn: B. campestris L., var. rapifera 

VR 4573 Turnip, Swedish, see Swede 

VR 0599 Ullucu 

Ullucus tuberosus Caldas 

VR 0600 Yams 

Dioscorea L.; several species 

VR 4575 Yam, Cush-cush, see Yams 

Dioscorea trifida L. 

VR 4577 Yam, Eight-months, see Yam, White Guinea 

VR 4579 Yam, Greater, see Yams 

Dioscorea alata L. 

VR 4583 Yam, Twelve-months, see Yam, Yellow Guinea 

VR 4585 Yam, White, see Yam, White Guinea 

VR 4587 Yam, White Guinea, see Yams 

45

Dioscorea rotundata Poir. 

VR 4589 Yam, Yellow, see Yam, Yellow Guinea 

VR 4591 Yam, Yellow Guinea, see Yams 

Dioscorea cayenensis Lam. 

VR 0601 Yam bean 

Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban; 

syn: P. angulatus Rich. ex DC.; P. bulbosus (L.) Kurz; Dolichos erosus L. 

VR 4593 Yautia, see Tannia 

46

Stalk and stem vegetables 

Class A 

Type 2 Vegetables Group 017 Group Letter Code VS 

Group 017. Stalk and stem vegetables are the edible stalks, leaf stems or immature shoots, from a variety of 

annual or perennial plants. Although not actually belonging to this group, globe artichoke (the immature 

flowerhead) of the family Compositae is included in this group. 

Depending upon the part of the crop used for consumption and the growing practices, stalk and stem 

vegetables are exposed, in varying degrees to pesticides applied during the growing season. 

Stalk and stem vegetables may be consumed in whole or in part and in the form of fresh, dried or processed 

foods. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity as 

marketed after removal of obviously decomposed or withered leaves. Rhubarb, leafstems only: globe 

artichoke, flowerhead only, celery and asparagus, remove adhering soil. 

Group 017 Stalk and stem vegetables 


VS 0078 Stalk and stem vegetables 

VS 0620 Artichoke, globe 

Cynara scolymus L. 

VS 0621 Asparagus 

Asparagus officinalis L. 

VS 0622 Bamboo shoots 

Bambusa vulgaris Schrd. ex Wendland.; Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees; 

Gigantochloa verticilliata (Willd.) Munro 

VS 0623 Cardoon 

Cynara cardunculus L. 

VS 0624 Celery 

Apium graveolens L., var. dulce 

VS 4595 Celery leaves, see Group 027: Herbs 

VS 0625 Celtuce 

Lactuca sativa L., var. angustina Irish; 

syn: L. sativa L., var. asparagina Bailey 

VS 0626 Palm hearts 

among others Raphia spp.; Cocus nucifera L.; Borassus aethiopicum Mart.; 

Salacca edilis Reinw. 

VS 0627 Rhubarb 

Rheum rhaponticum L. 

VS 0469 Witloof chicory (sprouts) 

Cichorium intybus L., var. foliosum Hegi; green, red and white cultivars 

47

TYPE 3 GRASSES 

Grasses are herbaceous annual and perennial monocotyledonous plants of different kinds, cultivated 

extensively for their ears (heads) of starchy seeds used directly for the production of food. Grasses used for 

animal feed are classified under Class C: Primary Animal feed commodities, Group 051. 

The plants are fully exposed to pesticides applied during the growing season. 

Cereal grains 

Class A 

Type 3 Grasses Group 020 Group Letter Code GC 

Group 020. Cereal grains are derived from the ears (heads) of starchy seeds produced by a variety of plants, 

primarily of the grass family (Gramineae). 

Buckwheat, a dicotyledonous crop belonging to the botanical family Polygonaceae and two Chenopodium 

species, belonging to the botanical family Chenopodiaceae are included in this group, because of similarities 

in size and type of the seed, residue pattern and the use of the commodity. 

The edible seeds are protected to varying degrees from pesticides applied during the growing season by 

husks. Husks are removed before processing and/or consumption. 

Cereal grains are often exposed to post-harvest treatment with pesticides. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity. Fresh corn 

and sweet corn: kernels plus cob without husk. (For the latter see Group 012 Fruiting vegetables, 

other than Cucurbits). 

For Fodders and straw of cereals, see Class C, Type 11 Group 051 

Group 020 Cereal grains 


GC 0080 Cereal grains 

Seeds of gramineous plants as listed below, and Buckwheat and Chenopodium 

spp. as listed 

GC 0081 Cereal grains, except Buckwheat, Cañihua and Quinoa 

GC 4597 Acha, see Hungry Rice 

GC 4599 Adlay, see Job’s Tears 

GC 4601 African millet, see Millet, Finger 

GC 0640 Barley 

Hordeum vulgare L.; 

syn: H. sativum Pers. 

GC 4603 Brown-corn millet, see Millet, Common 

GC 0641 Buckwheat 

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; 

48

syn: F. sagittatum Gilib. 

GC 4607 Bulrush millet, see Millet, Bulrush 

GC 0642 Cañihua 

Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen 

GC 4609 Cat-tail millet, see Millet, Bulrush 

GC 4611 Chicken corn, see Sorghum 

Sorghum drummondii (Steud.) Millsp. & Chase 

GC 4613 Corn, see Maize 

GC 4615 Corn-on-the-cob (Codex Stand. 133-1981), see Fruiting vegetables (other than 

Cucurbits), Group 012 

GC 4617 Corn, whole kernel (Codex Stand. 133-1981), see Fruiting vegetables (other than 

Cucurbits), Group 012: Sweet corn (kernels) 

GC 4619 Dari seed, see Sorghum 

GC 4621 Durra, see Sorghum 

ssp. Sorghum durra (Forsk.) Stapf. 

GC 4623 Durum wheat, see Wheat 

ssp. Triticum durum Desf. 

GC 4625 Emmer, see Wheat 

ssp. Triticum dicoccum Schubl. 

GC 4627 Feterita, see Sorghum 

ssp. Sorghum caudatum Stapf. 

GC 4629 Finger millet, see Millet, Finger 

GC 4631 Fonio, see Hungry Rice 

GC 4633 Foxtail millet, see Millet, Foxtail 

GC 4635 Fundi, see Hungry Rice 

GC 4637 Guinea corn, see Sorghum 

spp. Sorghum guineense Stapf. 

GC 4639 Hog millet, see Millet, Common 

GC 0643 Hungry rice 

Digitaria exilis Stapf.; D. iburua Stapf. 

GC 0644 Job’s tears 

Coix lacryma-jobi L. 

GC 4641 Kaffir corn, see Sorghum 

ssp. Sorghum caffrorum Beauv. 

GC 4643 Kaoliang, see Sorghum 

49

ssp. Sorghum nervosum Bess. ex Schult. 

GC 0645 Maize 

Zea mays L., several cultivars, not including Popcorn and Sweetcorn 

GC 0646 Millet 

Including Barnyard Millet, Bulrush Millet, Common Millet, Finger Millet, Foxtail 

Millet, Little Millet; see for scientific names, specific commodities listed as Millet, 

followed by a specific denomination 

GC 4645 Millet, Barnyard, see Millet 

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.; 

syn: Panicum crus-galli L.; 

E. frumentacea (Roxb.) Link; 

syn: Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. 

GC 4647 Millet, Bulrush, see Millet 

Pennisetum typhoides (Burm. f.) Stapf. & Hubbard; 

syn: P. glaucum (L.) R. Br.; P. americanum (L.) K. Schum.; P. spicatum (L.) Koern. 

GC 4649 Millet, Common, see Millet 

Panicum miliaceum L. 

GC 4651 Millet, Finger, see Millet 

Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. 

GC 4653 Millet, Foxtail, see Millet 

Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.; 

Syn: Panicum italicum L.; Chaetochloa italica (L.) Scribn. 

GC 4655 Millet, Little, see Millet 

Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem & Schult. 

GC 4657 Milo, see Sorghum 

ssp. Sorghum subglabrescens Schweinf. & Aschers 

GC 0647 Oats 

Avena fatua L.; A. abyssinica Hochst. 

GC 4659 Oat, Red, see Oats 

Avena byzantina Koch 

GC 4661 Pearl millet, see Millet, Bulrush 

GC 0656 Popcorn 

Zea mays L., var. everta Sturt.; 

syn: Zea mays L., var. praecox 

GC 4665 Proso millet, see Millet, Common 

GC 0648 Quinoa 

Chenopodium quinoa Willd. 

GC 0649 Rice 

Oryza sativa L.; several ssp. and cultivars 

GC 4667 Russian millet, see Millet, Common 

50

GC 0650 Rye 

Secale cereale L. 

GC 4669 Shallu, see Sorghum 

ssp. Sorghum roxburghii Stapf. 

GC 4671 Sorgo, see Sorghum 

GC 0651 Sorghum 

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; several Sorghum ssp. and cultivars 

GC 4673 Spelt, see Wheat 

Triticum spelta L. 

GC 4675 Spiked millet, see Millet, Bulrush 

GC 0447 Sweet corn, see Group 012 Fruiting vegetables (other than Cucurbits) 

GC 0652 Teff or Tef 

Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter; 

syn: E. abyssinica (Jacq.) Link 

GC 0657 Teosinte 

Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrader) Iltis; 

syn: Zea mexicana (Schrader) Kunze; Euchlaena mexicana Schrader. 

GC 0653 Triticale 

Hybrid of Wheat and Rye 

GC 0654 Wheat 

Cultivars of Triticum aestivum L.; 

syn: T. sativum Lam.; T. vulgare Vill.; Triticum spp., as listed 

GC 0655 Wild rice 

Zizania aquatica L. 

51

Grasses for sugar or syrup production 

Class A 

Type 3 Grasses Group 021 Group Letter Code GS 

Group 021, Grasses for sugar or syrup production, includes species of grasses with a high sugar content 

especially in the stem. The stems are mainly used for sugar or syrup production, and to a small extent as 

vegetables or sweets. The leaves, ears and several wastes of the sugar or syrup manufacturing process are 

used, among others, as animal feed (see Group 052: Miscellaneous fodder and forage crops). 

Group 021 Grasses for sugar or syrup production 


GS 0658 Sorgo or Sorghum, Sweet 

varieties and cultivars of Sorghum of which the stems contain considerable 

amounts of sweet juice. Among others cultivars of 

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. 

S. dochna (Forsk.) Snowdon 

GS 0659 Sugar cane 

Saccharum officinarum L. 

52

TYPE 4 NUTS AND SEEDS 

Nuts and seeds are derived from a large variety of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, mostly cultivated. 

The mature seeds or nuts are used as human food, for the production of beverages or edible vegetable oils 

and for the production of seed meals and cakes for animal feed. 

Tree nuts 

Class A 

Type 4 Nuts and seeds Group 022 Group Letter Code TN 

Group 022, Tree nuts are the seeds of a variety of trees and shrubs which are characterized by a hard 

inedible shell enclosing an oily seed. 

The seed is protected from pesticides applied during the growing season by the shell and other parts of the 

fruit. 

The edible portion of the nut is consumed in succulent, dried or processed forms. 


removal of shell. Chestnuts: whole in skin. 

Group 022 Tree nuts 


TN 0085 Tree nuts 

TN 0660 Almonds 

Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb, syn: Amygdalus communis L., Prunus amygdalus 

Batsch. 

TN 0661 Beech nuts 

Fagus sylvatica L.; F. grandifolia Ehrh. 

TN 0662 Brazil nut 

Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. 

TN 4681 Bush nut, see Macadamia nut 

TN 0663 Butter nut 

Juglans cinerea L. 

TN 0295 Cashew nut 

Anacardium occidentale L. 

TN 0664 Chestnuts 

Castanea sativa Mill., syn: C. vesca Gaertn. Castanea molissima Blume; Castanea 

pumila (L.) Mill. 

TN 4683 Chinquapin, see Chestnuts 

Castanea pumila (L.) Mill. 

53

TN 0665 Coconut 

Cocos nucifera L. 

TN 4685 Filberts, see Hazelnuts 

among other Corylus maxima Mill. 

TN 0666 Hazelnuts 

Corylus avellana L.; C. maxima Mill. 

TN 0667 Hickory nuts 

Carya ovata Koch.; C. glabra (Mill.); other sweet Carya species 

TN 0668 Japanese horse-chestnut 

Aesculus turbinata Blume; 

syn: Ae. sinensis Hort., not Bunge 

TN 4687 Java almonds, see Pili nuts 

Canarium commune L.; C indicum L.; C. amboinensis Hochst.; C. moluccanum 

Blume 

TN 0669 Macadamia nuts 

Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell.; M. tetraphylla (L.) Johnson 

TN 0670 Pachira nut 

Pachira insignis Savigny 

TN 0671 Paradise nut, see Sapucaia nut 

Lecythis zabucajo Aubl. 

TN 0672 Pecan 

Carya illinoensis (Wangh.) K. Koch 

TN 4689 Pignolia or Pignoli, see Pine nuts 

TN 0673 Pine nuts 

Mainly Pinus pinea L.; also 

P. lambertiana Dougl.; P cembra L.; P edulis Engelm.; 

P. quadrifolia Parl. ex Sudw. and other Pinus species 

TN 4691 Pinocchi, see Pine nuts 

TN 4693 Piñon nut, see Pine nuts 

TN 0674 Pili nuts 

Canarium ovatum Engl.; C. luzonicum A Gray; C. pachyphyllum Perkins; C. 

commune L. 

TN 0675 Pistachio nut 

Pistachio vera L. 

TN 4695 Queensland Nut, see Macadamia nut 

TN 0676 Sapucaia nut 

Lecythis zabucajo Aubl.; L. elliptica Kunth; L. ollaria L.; L. usitatis Miers 

TN 0677 Tropical almond 

Terminalia catappa L. 

54

TN 0678 Walnuts 

Juglans regia L.; J. nigra L. 

TN 4697 Walnut, Black, see Walnuts 

Juglans nigra L. 

TN 4699 Walnut, English; Walnut, Persian, see Walnuts 

Juglans regia L. 

55

Oilseed 

Class A 

Type 4 Nuts and seeds Group 023 Group Letter Code SO 

Group 023, Oilseed consists of seeds from a variety of plants used in the production of edible vegetable oils, 

seed meals and cakes for animal feed. Some important vegetable oil seeds are by-products of fibre or fruit 

crops (e.g. cotton seed, olives). 

Some of the oilseeds are, directly or after slight processing (e.g. roasting), used as food (e.g. peanuts) or for 

food flavouring (e.g. poppy seed, sesame seed). 

Oilseeds are protected from pesticides applied during the growing season by the shell or husk. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Unless specified, seed or 

kernels, after removal of shell or husk. 

Group 023 Oilseed 


SO 0088 Oilseed 

SO 0089 Oilseed except peanut 

SO 0090 Mustard seeds 

(Mustard seed; Mustard seed, Field; Mustard seed, Indian) 

SO 0690 Ben Moringa seed 

Moringa oleifera Lam., syn: M. pterygosperma Gaertn.; M. perigrina (Forsk.) Fiori 

SO 4701 Coconut, see Group 022: Tree nuts 

SO 4703 Colza, see Rape seed 

SO 4705 Colza, Indian, see Mustard seed, Field 

Brassica campestris L., var. sarson Prain 

SO 0691 Cotton seed 

Gossypium spp.; several species and cultivars 

SO 4707 Desert date, see Group 005: Assorted topical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel 

SO 4709 Drumstick tree seed, see Ben Moringa seed 

SO 4711 Flax-seed, see Linseed 

SO 4713 Groundnut, see Peanut 

SO 4715 Horseradish tree seed, see Ben Moringa seed 

SO 0692 Kapok 

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. 

SO 0693 Linseed 

Linum usitatissimum L. 

56

SO 4718 Maize, see Group 020: Cereal grains 

SO 0485 Mustard seed 

Brassica nigra (L.) Koch; 

Sinapis alba L., syn: Brassica hirta Moench. 

SO 0694 Mustard seed, Field 

Brassica campestris L., var. sarson Prain; B. campestris L., var. toria Duthie & 

Fuller 

SO 0478 Mustard seed, Indian 

Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss. 

SO 0695 Niger seed 

Guizotia abyssinica (L.) Cass. 

SO 4719 Olive, see Group 005: Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - edible peel 

SO 0696 Palm nut 

Elaeis guineensis Jacq. 

SO 0697 Peanut 

Arachis hypogaea L. 

SO 0703 Peanut, whole 

SO 0698 Poppy seed 

Papaver somniferum L. 

SO 0495 Rape seed 

Brassica napus L. 

SO 4721 Rape seed, Indian, see Mustard seed, Field 

Brassica campestris L., var. toria Duthie & Fuller 

SO 0699 Safflower seed 

Carthamus tinctorius L. 

SO 0700 Sesame seed 

Sesamum indicum L.; 

syn: S. orientale L. 

SO 0701 Shea nuts 

Butyrospermum paradoxum (Gaertn.) Hepper, subsp. parkii (G. Don.) Hepper; 

syn: B. parkii (G. Don.) Kotsky 

SO 4723 Soya bean (dry), see Group 015: Pulses 

SO 4724 Soybean (dry), see Soya bean (dry) 

SO 0702 Sunflower seed 

Helianthus annuus L. 

57

Seed for beverages and sweets 

Class A 

Type 4 Nuts and seeds Group 024 Group Letter Code SB 

The seeds for beverages and sweets are derived from tropical and sub-tropical trees and shrubs. After 

processing the seeds are used in the production of beverages and sweets. 

These seeds are protected from pesticides applied during the growing season by the shell or other parts of 

the fruit. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Unless specified, whole 

commodity (seed only, other parts of the fruit not included). 

Group 024 Seed for beverages and sweets 


SB 0091 Seed for beverages 

SB 0715 Cacao beans 

Theobroma cacao L.; several ssp. 

SB 0716 Coffee beans 

among others Coffea arabica L.; C. canephora Pierre ex Froehner C. liberica Bull 

ex Hiern.; ssp. and cultivars 

SB 0717 Cola nuts 

Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. ; C. acuminata (P. Beauv.) Schott & Endl. ; C. 

anomala K. Schum.; C. verticillata (Thonn.) Stapf ex A. Chev. 

SB 4727 Kola, see Cola nuts 

58

TYPE 5 HERBS AND SPICES 

Herbs and spices are the flavoursome or aromatic leaves, stems, roots, flowers or fruits of a variety of plants 

used to impart special flavours to food and beverages. 

Herbs 

Class A 

Type 5 Herbs and spices Group 027 Group Letter Code HH 

Herbs consist of leaves, flowers, stems and roots from a variety of herbaceous plants, used in relatively 

small amounts as condiments to flavour foods or beverages. They are used either in fresh or naturally dried 

form. 

Herbs are fully exposed to pesticides applied during the growing season. Post-harvest treatments are often 

carried out on dried herbs. 

Herbs are consumed as components of other foods in succulent and dried forms or as extracts of the 

succulent products. 


prepared for wholesale or retail distribution. 

Group 027 Herbs 


HH 0092 Herbs 

HH 0720 Angelica, including Garden Angelica 

Angelica sylvestris L.; A. archangelica L. 

HH 0721 Balm leaves 

Melissa officinalis L. 

HH 0722 Basil 

Ocimum basilicum L. 

HH 0723 Bay leaves 

Laurus nobilis L. 

HH 0724 Borage 

Borago officinalis L. 

HH 0725 Burnet, Great 

Sanguisorba officinalis L.; 

syn: Poterium officinala A. Gray 

HH 4731 Burnet, Salad, see Burnet, Great 

Sanguisorba minor Scop.; 

syn: Poterium sanguisorba L. 

HH 0728 Burning bush 

Dictamnus albus L.; 

syn: D. fraxinella Pers. 

HH 0726 Catmint 

59

Nepeta cataria L. 

HH 4733 Catnip, see Catmint 

HH 0624 Celery leaves 

Apium graveolens L.; var. seccalinum Alef 

HH 4735 Chervil, see Group 013: Leafy vegetables 

HH 0727 Chives 

Allium schoenoprasum L. 

HH 4737 Chives, Chinese, see Chives 

Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng.; 

syn: A. odoratum L. 

HH 4739 Clary, see Sage (and related Salvia species) 

Salvia sclarea L. 

HH 4741 Costmary, see Tansy (and related species) 

Tanacetum balsamita L.; 

syn: Chrysanthemum balsamita L. 

HH 4743 Cretan Dittany, see Burning bush 

HH 0729 Curry leaves 

Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. 

HH 0730 Dill 

Anethum graveolens L. 

HH 4745 Estragon, see Tarragon 

HH 0731 Fennel 


syn: F. officinale All.; F. capillaceum Gilib. 

HH 4747 Fennel, Bulb, see Group 009: Bulb vegetables, No. VA 0380 

HH 0732 Horehound 

Marrubium vulgare L. 

HH 0733 Hyssop 

Hyssopus officinalis L. 

HH 0734 Lavender 

Lavendula angustifolia Mill.; 

syn: L. officinalis Chaix; L. spica L.; L. vera DC. 

HH 0735 Lovage 

Levisticum officinale Koch. 

HH 0737 Marigold flowers 

Calendula officinalis L. 

HH 0736 Marjoram 

Origanum marjorana L.; 

60

syn: Marjorana hortensis Moench.; Origanum vulgare L. 

HH 4749 Marjoram, Sweet, see Marjoram 

Marjorana hortensis Moench.; 

syn: Origanum marjorana L. 

HH 4751 Marjoram, Wild, see Marjoram 

Origanum vulgare L. 

HH 0738 Mints 

Several Mentha species and hybrids; (see also individual Mints) 

including Mentha spicata L.; M. spicata L., var. crispata (Schrad.) Sch. et Thell.; M. 

x piperata L.; M. x gentilis L. 

HH 4753 Mugwort, see Wormwoods 

Artemisia vulgaris L. 

HH 4755 Myrrh, see Sweet Cicely 

HH 0739 Nasturtium, Garden, leaves 

Tropaeolum majus L. 

HH 4757 Oregano, see Marjoram 

HH 0740 Parsley 

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex A. W. Hill; 

syn: P. sativum Hoffm.; P. hortense auct. 

HH 4759 Pennyroyal, see Mints 

Mentha pulegium L.; 

syn: Pulegium vulgare Mill. 

HH 4761 Peppermint, see Mints 

Mentha x piperita L. (= hybrid of M. aquatica L. x M. spicata L.) 

HH 0741 Rosemary 

Rosmarinus officinalis L. 

HH 0742 Rue 

Ruta graveolens L. 

HH 0743 Sage and related Salvia species 

Salvia officinalis L.; S. sclarea L. 

HH 0744 Sassafras leaves 

Sassafras albidum Nees 

HH 0745 Savory, Summer; Winter 

Satureja hortensis L.; S. montana L. 

HH 0746 Sorrel, Common, and related Rumex species 

among others Rumex acetosa L.; R. scutatus L.; R. patientia L.; R. rugosus 

Campd. 

HH 4763 Southernwood, see Wormwoods 

Artemisia abrotanum L. 

61

HH 4765 Spearmint, see Mints 

Mentha spicata L.; 

syn: M. viridis L. 

HH 0747 Sweet Cicely 

Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. 

HH 0748 Tansy and related species 

Tanacetum vulgare L. ; 

T. balsamita L. ; syn: Chrysanthemum balsamita L. 

HH 0749 Tarragon 

Artemisia dracunculus L. 

HH 0750 Thyme 

including Thymus vulgaris L.; Th. serpyllum L. and Thymus hybrids. 

HH 4767 Watercress, see Group 013: Leafy vegetables 

HH 0751 Winter cress, Common; American 

Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.; B. verna (Mill.) Aschrs. 

HH 0752 Wintergreen leaves 

Gaultheria procumbens L. 

(not including herbs of the Wintergreen family (Pyrolaceae)) 

HH 0753 Woodruff 

Asperula odorata L. 

HH 0754 Wormwoods 

Artemisia absinthium L.; A. abrotanum L.; A. vulgaris L. 

62

Spices 

Class A 

Type 5 Herbs and spices Group 028 Group Letter Code HS 

Group 028. Spices consist of the aromatic seeds, roots, berries or other fruits from a variety of plants, which 

are used in relatively small quantities to flavour foods. 

Spices are exposed in varying degrees to pesticides applied during the growing season. Also post harvest 

treatment may be applied to spices in the dried form. 

They are consumed primarily in the dried form as condiment. 

Portion of the commodity to which MRL applies (and which is analysed): Unless specified, whole 

commodity as marketed, mainly in the dried form. 

Group 028 Spices 


HS 0093 Spices 

HS 4769 Allspice fruit, see Pimento 

HS 0720 Angelica seed 

Angelica archangelica L.; A. sylvestris L. 

HS 4771 Angelica, root, stem and leaves, see Group 027: Herbs, Angelica, including Garden 

Angelica 

HS 4773 Aniseed, see Anise seed 

HS 0771 Anise seed 

Pimpinella anisum L. 

HS 0772 Calamus, root 

Acorus calamus L. 

HS 0773 Caper buds 

Capparis spinosa L. 

HS 0774 Caraway seed 

Carum carvi L. 

HS 0775 Cardamom seed 

Elettaria cardamomum Maton 

HS 4775 Cassia bark, see Cinnamon bark (including Cinnamon, Chinese bark) 

HS 0776 Cassia buds 

Cinnamomum cassia (Nees) Nees ex Blume 

HS 0624 Celery seed 

Apium graveolens L. 

HS 0777 Cinnamon bark (including Cinnamon, Chinese bark) 

63

Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn; C. cassia (Nees) Nees ex Blume 

HS 0778 Cloves, buds 

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perr.; 

syn: Eugenia caryophyllus (Sprengel) Bullock & Harrison; E. aromatica Kuntze; E. 

caryophyllata Thunb.; Caryophyllus aromaticus L. 

HS 0779 Coriander, seed 

Coriandrum sativum L. 

HS 0780 Cumin seed 

Cuminum cyminum L. 

HS 0730 Dill seed 

Anethum graveolens L. 

HS 0781 Elecampane, root 

Inula helenium L. 

HS 0731 Fennel, seed 


syn: F. officinale All; F. capilaceum Gilib. 

HS 0782 Fenugreek, seed 

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. 

HS 0783 Galangal, rhizomes 

Languas galanga (L.) Stunz ; syn: Alpinia galanga Sw.; 

Languas officinarum (Hance) Farwelll; 

syn: Alpinia officinarum Hance 

HS 0784 Ginger, root 

Zingier officicinale Rosc. 

HS 0785 Grains of paradise 

Aframonum melegueta (Rosc.) K Schum.; 

syn: Amomum melegueta Rosc. 

HS 4779 Horseradish, see VR 0583, Group 016: Root and Tuber vegetables 

HS 0786 Juniper, berry 

Juniperis communis L. 

HS 4781 Licorice, see Liquorice 

HS 0787 Liquorice, roots 

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. 

HS 0735 Lovage, seed 


HS 0788 Mace 

Dried aril of Myristica fragrans Houtt. 

HS 0739 Nasturtium pods 

Tropaeolum majus L. 

64

HS 0789 Nutmeg 

Seed of Myristica fragrans Houtt. 

HS 0790 Pepper, Black; White (see Note) 

Piper nigrum L. 

HS 0791 Pepper, Long 

Piper longum L. ; P. retrofractum Vahl.; 

syn: P. officinarum DC. 

HS 0792 Pimento, fruit 

Pimenta dioica (L.) Merrill; 

syn: P. officinalis Lindl. 

HS 4783 Poppy seed, see Group 023: Oilseed 

HS 4785 Sesame seed, see Group 023: Oilseed 

HS 4787 Tamarind, see Group 006: Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible peel 

HS 0370 Tonka bean, see also Group 006: Assorted tropical and sub-tropical fruits - inedible 

peel 

Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. 

HS 0794 Turmeric, root 

Curcuma domestica Val.; 

syn: C. longa Keunig non L. 

HS 0795 Vanilla, beans 

Vanilla mexicana Mill. ; 

syn: V. fragrans (Salisb.) Ames; V. planifolia Andrews 

Note: Although white pepper is in principle a processed food belonging to Type 13: Derived products 

of plant origin, it is listed for convenience in Group 028 Spices. White pepper is prepared from 

Black pepper, Piper nigrum L.: The seeds are retted in water and dried after removal of the 

mesocarp. The resulting white pepper may or may not be ground into powder. 

65

CLASS B PRIMARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 

For the purpose of the Codex Alimentarius the term “primary food commodity” means the product in or nearly 

in its natural state, intended for processing into food for sale to the consumer or intended for sale to the 

consumer as a food without further processing. It includes irradiated primary food commodities and products 

after removal of certain parts of the animal tissue, e.g. bones. 

Food commodities of animal origin are parts of domesticated or wild animals, including their eggs and 

mammary secretions. 

TYPE 6 MAMMALIAN PRODUCTS 

Mammalian products are derived from the edible parts of various mammals, primarily herbivorous, 

slaughtered for food. these mammals are usually domesticated, or to a lesser extent obtained as game 

animals. This type does not include edible products from marine mammals, for which see Group 044. 

Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals) 

Class B 

Type 6 Mammalian products Group 030 Group Letter Code MM 

Group 030. Meats are the muscular tissues, including adhering fatty tissues such as intramuscular, 

intermuscular and subcutaneous fat from animal carcases or cuts of these as prepared for wholesale or retail 

distribution in a “fresh” state. The cuts offered to the consumer may include bones, connective tissues and 

tendons as well as nerves and lymph nodes. 

The commodity description of “fresh” meat includes meat which has been quick-frozen or quick-frozen and 

thawed. 

The Group does not include edible offal as defined in Group 032. 

Exposure to pesticides is through animal metabolism following oral intake with feed or through dermal intake 

as a consequence of external use of pesticides against ectoparasites. 

The entire commodity except bones may be consumed. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity (without 

bones). For fat-soluble pesticides a portion of adhering fat is analysed and MRLs apply to the fat. For 

those commodities where the adhering fat is insufficient to provide a suitable sample, the whole 

commodity (without bone) is analysed and the MRL applies to the whole commodity (e.g. rabbit 

meat) (ref. ALINORM 87/24, Appendix IV, paragraph 6). 

Group 030 Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals) 


MM 0095 Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals) 

MM 0096 Meat of cattle, goats, horses, pigs and sheep 

MM 0097 Meat of cattle, pigs and sheep 

MM 0810 Buffalo meat 

Bubalus bubalis L. 

66

Syncerus caffer Sparrman 

Bison bison L. 

MM 4789 Buffalo, African, meat, see Buffalo meat 


MM 4791 Buffalo, American, meat, see Buffalo meat 


MM 4793 Buffalo, Cape, meat, see Buffalo, African, meat 

MM 4795 Buffalo, Water, meat, see Buffalo meat 

Bubalus bubalis L.; 

syn: Bubalis buffalus Blum; Bos bubalis Brise; Bubalis bos Wall. 

MM 4797 Calf meat, see Cattle meat 

MM 0811 Camel meat 

Camelus bactrianus L.; C. dromedarius L.; 

Lama glama L. ; Lama pacos L. 

MM 4799 Camel, Bactrian, meat, see Camel meat 

Camelus bactrianus L. 

MM 0812 Cattle meat 

Breeds and interbreeds of among others Bos taurus L.; B. indicus L.; 

B. grunniens L.; breeds of B. javanicus d’Alton 

MM 0813 Deer meat 

among others Cervus elaphus germanicus Desmarest; 

Dama dama dama L.; syn: Cervus dama Corbet & Hill; 

other Cervus spp. and ssp. 

MM 4803 Deer, Fallow, meat, see Deer meat 

Dama dama dama L.; 

syn: Cervus dama Corbet & Hill 

MM 4805 Deer, Red, meat, see Deer meat 

Cerphus elaphus L.; other Cerphus spp., several ssp. 

MM 4807 Dromedary meat, see Camel meat 

Camelus dromedarius L. 

MM 0824 Elk meat 

Alces alces (L.) 

MM 0814 Goat meat 

Breeds of Capra hircus L.; other Capra spp., several breeds. 

MM 0815 Hare meat 

Lepus europaeus Pallas, several ssp. and var.; 

L. timidus L., several var.; other Lepus spp. 

MM 0816 Horse meat 

Several breeds of Equus caballus L. 

MM 0817 Kangaroo meat 

67

Genera of the family Macropodinae 

MM 4809 Lamb meat, see Sheep meat 

MM 4811 Llama or Lama, meat, see Camel meat 

Breeds of Lama glama L.; Lama pacos L. 

MM 4813 Moufflon meat, see sheep meat 

Ovis musimon (Pallas); 

syn: Aegoceros musimon Pallas 

MM 4815 Moose, European, meat, see Elk meat 

MM 0818 Pig meat 

among other Sus domesticus Erxleben and breeds; Sus spp. and ssp. 

MM 0819 Rabbit meat 

Oryctolagus cuniculus L. ; O. cuniculus fodiens (Gray) ; Lepus cuniculus L. ; 

Sylvilagus spp. 

MM 0820 Reindeer meat 

Rangifer tarandus (L.) (dom.) 

MM 0821 Roe meat 

Capreolus capreolus capreolus (L.) 

MM 0822 Sheep meat 

Several breeds of Ovis aries L.; other Ovis spp. 

MM 4817 Veal (= calf meat), see Cattle meat 

MM 4819 Water Buffalo, meat, see Buffalo meat 

Bubalus bubalis L. 

MM 0823 Wild boar, meat 

Sus scrofa scrofa L. 

MM 4821 Yak meat, see Cattle meat 

Bos grunniens L. 

MM 4823 Zebu meat, see Cattle meat 

Bos indicus L. 

Aquatic mammals: e.g., Whales, Dolphins, etc. See Group 044 Marine mammals 

68

Mammalian fats (except fat from marine mammals) 

Class B 

Type 6 Mammalian products Group 031 Group Letter Code MF 

Group 031. Mammalian fats, excluding milk fats are derived from the fatty tissues of animals (not processed). 

For processed animal fats see Group 085. 


as a consequence of external use of the pesticides against ectoparasites. 

The entire commodity may be consumed. 


The scientific species names of the relevant animals are not repeated for this group of commodities. For 

these names see Group 030 Meat (from mammals other than marine mammals). 

Group 031 Mammalian fats 


MF 0100 Mammalian fats (except milk fats) 

MF 0810 Buffalo fat 

MF 0811 Camel fat 

MF 0812 Cattle fat 

MF 0814 Goat fat 

MF 0815 Hare fat 

MF 0816 Horse fat 

MF 0818 Pig fat 

MF 0819 Rabbit fat 

MF 0822 Sheep fat 

69

Edible offal (Mammalian) 

Class B 

Type 6 Mammalian products Group 032 Group Letter Code MO 

Group 032. Edible offal are edible tissues and organs other than muscles (=meat) and animal fat from 

slaughtered animals as prepared for wholesale or retail distribution. 

Examples: liver, kidney, tongue, heart, stomach, sweetbread (thymus gland), brain, etc. 

The group name and definitions are in conformity with those recorded in the Codex Standards 89-1981 and 

98-1981, Codex Standard for luncheon meat and Codex Standard for cooked cured chopped meat 

respectively: “Edible offal” means such offal’s as have been passed as fit for human consumption, but not 

including lungs, ears, scalp, snout (including lips and muzzle), mucous membranes, sinews, genital system, 

udders, intestines and urinary bladder”. IN the former Classification of Food and Food Groups in the Guide to 

Codex Maximum Limits for Pesticide Residues 1978: CAC/PR 1-1978 the name Meat by-products was used 

for this group. 


as a consequence of external use of pesticides on livestock animals against ectoparasites. 





Group 032 Edible offal (Mammalian) 


MO 0105 Edible offal (Mammalian) 

MO 0096 Edible offal of cattle, goats, horses, pigs and sheep 

MO 0097 Edible offal of cattle, pigs and sheep 

MO 0098 Kidney of cattle, goats, pigs and sheep 

MO 0099 Liver of cattle, goats, pigs and sheep 

MO 0810 Buffalo, Edible offal of 

MO 0811 Camel, Edible offal of 

MO 0812 Cattle, Edible offal of 

MO 1280 Cattle, kidney 

MO 1281 Cattle, liver 

MO 0814 Goat, Edible offal of 

MO 0816 Horse, Edible offal of 

70

MO 1292 Horse, kidney 

MO 1293 Horse, liver 

MO 0818 Pig, Edible offal of 

MO 1284 Pig, kidney 

MO 1285 Pig, liver 

MO 0822 Sheep, Edible offal of 

MO 1288 Sheep, kidney 

MO 1289 Sheep, liver 

71

Milks 

Class B 

Type 6 Mammalian products Group 033 Group Letter Code ML 

Group 033. Milks are the mammary secretions of various species of lactating herbivorous ruminant animals, 

usually domesticated. 

In conformity with the Codex Alimentarius Code of Principles concerning Milk and Milk products the term 

“Milk” shall mean exclusively the normal mammary excretion obtained from one or more milkings without 

either addition thereto or extraction therefrom. 

Notwithstanding the provisions in the preceding paragraph, “the term “Milk” may be used for milk treated 

without altering its composition, or for milk, the fat content of which has been standardised under domestic 

legislation”. 





Group 033 Milks 


ML 0106 Milks 

ML 0107 Milk of cattle, goats and sheep 

ML 0810 Buffalo milk 

ML 0811 Camel milk 

ML 0812 Cattle milk 

ML 0814 Goat milk 

ML 0822 Sheep milk 

72

TYPE 7 POULTRY PRODUCTS 

Poultry meat (including Pigeon meat) 

Class B 

Type 7 Poultry products Group 036 Group Letter Code PM 

Group 036. Poultry meats are the muscular tissues including adhering fat and skin from poultry carcases as 


Exposure to pesticides may result from external treatment of animals or poultry houses or through animal 

metabolism following oral intake of pesticides with feed. 

The entire product may be consumed. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity (without 

bones): For fat-soluble pesticides a portion of adhering fat is analysed and MRLs apply to the poultry 

fat. 

Group 036 Poultry meat (including Pigeon meat) 


PM 0110 Poultry meat 

PM 0840 Chicken meat 

Several breeds of Gallus gallus L. and other Gallus spp. 

PM 0841 Duck meat 

Breeds of Anas platyrhynchos L. and other Anas spp. 

PM 0842 Goose meat 

Anser anser L.; other Anser spp. 

PM 0843 Guinea-fowl meat 

Breeds of Numida meleagris 

PM 0844 Partridge meat 

Perdrix spp. and Alectoris spp. 

PM 0845 Pheasant meat 

Breeds of Phasanius colchicus and other Phasanius spp. and ssp. 

PM 0846 Pigeon meat 

Breeds of Columba livia Gmelin: other Columba spp.; Streptopelia spp. 

PM 0847 Quail meat 

Coturnix coturnix (L.); Colinus virginianus; Lophotyx californicus 

PM 4831 Quail, Bobwhite, see Quail 

Colinus virginianus 

PM 4833 Quail, California, see Quail meat 

Lephotyx californicus 

73

PM 0848 Turkey meat 

Breeds of Meleagris gallopavo L. 

74

Poultry fats 

Class B 

Type 7 Poultry products Group 037 Group Letter Code PF 

Poultry fats are derived from the fatty tissues of poultry. Exposure to pesticides may result from external 

treatment of animals or poultry houses or through animal metabolism following oral intake of pesticides with 

feed. 




these names see Group 036 Poultry meat. 

Group 037 Poultry fats 


PF 0111 Poultry fats 

PF 0840 Chicken fat 

PF 0841 Duck fat 

PF 0842 Goose fat 

PF 0848 Turkey fat 

75

Poultry, Edible offal of 

Class B 

Type 7 Poultry products Group 038 Group Letter Code PO 

Poultry edible offal’s are such edible tissues and organs, other than poultry meat and poultry fat, from 

slaughtered poultry as have been passed fit for human consumption. Examples: liver, gizzard, heart, skin etc. 

In the former Classification of Food and Food Groups in the Guide to Codex Maximum Limits for Pesticide 

Residues 1978: CAC/PR 1-1978 the name Poultry by-products was used for this group. 

Exposure to pesticides is through animal metabolism following oral intake of pesticides with feed or may 

result from external treatment of animals or poultry houses. 


Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole Commodity. 

Group 038 Poultry, Edible offal of 


PO 0111 Poultry, Edible offal of 

PO 0113 Poultry skin 

PO 0840 Chicken, Edible offal of 

PO 0841 Duck, Edible offal of 

PO 0842 Goose, Edible offal of 

PO 0849 Goose, liver 

PO 0848 Turkey, Edible offal of 

76

Eggs 

Class B 

Type 7 Poultry products Group 039 Group Letter Code PE 

Group 039. Eggs are the fresh edible portion of the body produced by female birds, especially domestic fowl. 

The edible portion includes egg yolk and egg white after removal of the shell. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole egg whites and yolks 

combined after removal of shell. 


these names see Group 036 Poultry meats. 

Group 039 Eggs 


PE 0112 Eggs 

PE 0840 Chicken eggs 

PE 0841 Duck eggs 

PE 0842 Goose eggs 

PE 0847 Quail eggs 

77

TYPE 8 AQUATIC ANIMAL PRODUCTS 

Aquatic animal products re derived from the edible parts of various aquatic animals, usually wild, harvested 

for food. 

Group 040-042 Fish 

Group 040-042 Fish are gilled, aquatic vertebrate and/or cartilaginous animals of various zoological families 

and species, usually wild, as caught and prepared for wholesale and retail distribution. Exposure to 

pesticides is through animal metabolism or through water pollution. The fleshy parts of the animals and, to a 

lesser extent, milt and roe are consumed. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed). Whole commodity (in general 

after removing the digestive tract). 

Freshwater fish 

Class B 

Type B Aquatic animal products Group 040 Group Letter Code WF 

The freshwater fishes generally remain lifelong, including the spawning period, in fresh water (lakes, ponds, 

rivers and brooks). 

Several species of freshwater fish are domesticated and bred in fish farms. Exposure of the latter species to 

pesticides is mainly through compounded fish feed and can also be through water pollution. 

Group 040 Freshwater fish 


WF 0115 Freshwater fish 

WF 4837 Amur pike, see Pike 

Esox reicherti 

WF 0855 Barbs 

Puntius spp. ; 

syn: Barbus Cuvier spp. 

WF 0856 Black bass 

Micropterus salmonides; 

Micropterus spp. 

WF 0857 Bluegill sunfish (or Bluegill bream) 

Lepomis macrochirus 

WF 0858 Bream 

Abramis brama L.; other Abramis spp. 

WF 4839 Brown trout, see Trout, Brown 

Group 041, Diadromous fishes 

WF 0859 Carps 

Cyprinus carpio L. ; 

78

Ctenopharyngodon idella; 

other spp. of the family Cyprinidae 

WF 4841 Carp, Common, see Carps 

Cyprinus carpio L. 

WF 4843 Carp, Chinese, see Carp, Grass 

WF 4845 Carp, Grass, see Carps 

Ctenopharyngodon idella 

WF 0860 Carp, Indian 

Labeo rohita; L. calbassa; 

Catla catla; Cirrhinus mrigala 

WF 0861 Catfishes (freshwater) 

Ictalurus punctatus and other Ictalurus spp. (North America); Bagrus spp. (Africa); 

Kryptopterus spp. (Asia); Clarias spp. (Africa/Asia); Silurus glanis L. (Europe, 

USSR);Tandanus tandanus (Australia) 

WF4847 Channel catfish, see Catfishes (freshwater) 

Ictalurus punctatus 

WF 0869 Cod, Murray 

Maccullochella peeli (Australia) 

WF 0862 Gobies, Freshwater 

Gobio gobio L.; 

syn: G. fluviatilus Agass; other freshwater spp. of the family Gobiidae 

WF 0863 Gourami (Asia) 

Osphronemus goramy; Trichogaster pectoralis; Helostoma temmincki 

WF 4849 Northern pike, see Pikes 

Esox lucius L. 

WF 4851 Mozambique tilapia, see Tilapia 

WF 0864 Perch 

Perca fluviatilis L.; P. flavescens; Aspledinotus grunniens 

WF 4853 Perch, American yellow, see Perch 

Perca flavescens 

WF 4855 Perch, European, see Perch 

Perca fluviatilis L. 

WF 0870 Perch, Golden 

Macquaria ambigua (Australia) 

WF 4857 Perch, White, see Perch 

Aspledinotus grunniens; 

syn: Pomoxis annularis Raf. 

WF 0865 Pike 

Esox lucius L.; E. reicherti 

79

WF 0866 Pike-perch 

Stizostedium lucioperca L.; 

syn: Lucioperca sandra Cuv. 

WF 4859 Rhinofishes, see Carp, Indian 

Labeo spp. among other Labeo rohita 

Lubeo calbassa 

WF 0867 Roaches 

Rutilus rutilus L. ; 

syn: Leuciscus rutilus L.; other 

Rutilus (syn: Leuciscus) spp. 

WF 0868 Tilapia 

Oreochromis mossambicus; syn: Sarotherodon mossambicus; 

Tilapia mossambicus. 

Other Oreochromis (Sarotherodon or Tilapia species. 

WF 4861 White perch, see Perch, white 

WF 4863 White crappie, see Perch, white 

80

Diadromous fish 

Class B 

Type B Aquatic animal products Group 041 Group Letter Code WD 

The diadromous fishes in general migrate from the sea to brackish and/or fresh water and in the opposite 

direction. 

The anadromous species spawn in fresh water (streams, small rivers and brooks) e.g. several salmon 

species, whereas eels spawn in the ocean. Some species, such as trout, are domesticated and do not 

migrate. they are bred in fish farms in ponds, mountain streams etc. The latter species especially may be 

exposed to pesticides through compounded fish feed and also through water pollution. 

The fleshy parts of the animals and, to a lesser extent, roe and milt are consumed. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity (in general 

after removing the digestive tract. 

Group 041 Diadromous fish 


WD 0120 Diadromous fish 

WD 0121 Salmon, Pacific 

according to Codex Stan. 36 and 37, 1981, includes Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; 

O. keta; O. kisutch; O. masou; O. nerka; O. tschawytscha 

WD 0123 Trout 

Salmo clarki, S. gairdneri; syn: S. irrideus Gibbons; 

S. trutta L.; syn: Trutta trutta L.; Salvelinus namaycush; S. alpinus; 

S. salvelinus L. 

WD 4877 Atlantic salmon, see Salmon, Atlantic 

WD 4867 Arctic char, see Trout 

WD 0898 Barramundi 

Lates calcarifer (Australia, Indo-Pacific) 

WD 4869 Brook trout, see Trout 

Salvelinus sp. 

WD 4871 Brown trout, see Trout 

Salmo trutta L.; 

syn: Trutta trutta L. 

WD 4873 Char, see Lake trout 

WD 4875 Cherry salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

Oncorhynchus masou 

WD 4889 Chinook salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

Oncorhynchus tschawytscha 

WD 4891 Chum salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

81

Oncorhynchus keta 

WD 4893 Coho salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

Oncorhynchus kisutch 

WD 4895 Cutthroat trout, see trout 

Salmo clarki 

WD 0890 Eels 

Anguilla anguilla (L.) ; A. japonica ; A. rostrata ; A. australis ; 

A. reinhardtii 

WD 4897 Eel, American, see Eels 

Anguilla rostrata 

WD 4899 Eel, Australian, see Eels 

Anguilla australis ; A. reinhardtii 

WD 4901 Eel, European, see Eels 

Anguilla anguilla L. 

WD 4903 Eel, Japanese, see Eels 

Anguilla japonica 

WD 4905 Giant sea perch, see Barramundi 

WD 4907 German trout, see Trout 

Salmo trutta L.; 

syn: Trutta trutta L. 

WD 4909 Keta salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

Oncorhynchus keta 

WD 4911 King salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 


WD 4913 Lake trout, see Trout 

Savelinus namaycush 

WD 4915 Medium red salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 


WD 0891 Milkfish 

Chanos chanos 

WD 0897 Nile perch 

Lates niloticus 

WD 4917 Pacific salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

WD 0892 Paddle fish 

Polyodon spathula; other species of the family Polyodonthidae 

WD 4919 Pink salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

Oncorhynchus gorbuscha 

WD 4921 Rainbow trout, see Trout 

82

Salmo gairdneri; 

syn: S. irrideus Gibbons 

WD 0893 Salmon, Atlantic 

Salmo salar L.; 

syn: Trutta salar L. 

WD 4923 Salmon, Pacific, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific at the beginning of this group 

WD 4925 Sea catfish, see Group 042: Marine fishes 

WD 0894 Shad 

Alosa spp.; 

Hilsa spp. 

WD 4927 Silver salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 


WD 0895 Smelt 

Osmerus eperlanus L.; 

O. mordax; other Osmerus spp. 

WD 4929 Smelt, European, see Smelt 

Osmerus eperlanus L. 

WD 4931 Smelt, Rainbow, see Smelt 

Osmerus mordax 

WD 4933 Sockeye Salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 

Oncorhynchus nerka 

WD 4935 Spring salmon, see Subgroup Salmon, Pacific 


WD 0896 Sturgeon 

Acipencer sturio L.; other spp. of the family Acipenceridae 

83

Marine fish 

Class B 

Type 8 Aquatic animal products Group 042 Group Letter Code WS 

The marine fishes generally live in open seas. They are all or nearly all wild species, caught and prepared 

(often deep-frozen) for wholesale and retail distribution. Exposure to pesticides is mainly through water 

pollution and animal metabolism. 

Especially the fleshy parts of the animals and to a lesser extent roe and milt are consumed. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity (in general, 

after removing the digestive tract). 

Group 042 Marine fish 

Code no. Commodity 

WS 0125 Marine fish 

WS 0126 Cod and Cod-like fishes 

Cods, Haddocks, Hakes, Pollacks, Whiting. 

For scientific names see individual species 

WS 0127 Flat-fishes 

Brill, Dab, Flounders, Halibut, Plaice, Sole, Turbot. 


WS 0128 Mackerel and Mackerel-like fishes 

Mackerel: Horse and Jack Mackerels 

King and Spanish Mackerel. 

for scientific names see individual species: 

see also next Sub-Group WS 0129 

WS 0129 Mackerel and Jack Mackerel 

According to Codex Stan. 119-1981 includes species of the following families and 

genera 

Mackerel: Scombridae; 

Scomber spp.; 

Rastrelliger spp. 

Jack Mackerel: Carangidae; 

Trachurus spp.; 

Decapterus spp. 

WS 0130 Sardines and Sardine-type fishes 

According to Codex Stan. 94-1981 small fishes of the following species: 

Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) (European Sardine); 

Sardinops melanosticta; 

S. neopilchardus; S. ocellata; 

S. sagax; S. caerulea (Pilchards); 

Sardinella aurita Valanciennes; syn: S. anchovia; 

S. brasiliensis; S. maderensis (Sardinella’s or oil-sardines); 

Clupea harengus L. (Atlantic herring, small fishes); 

Clupea antipodum ; C. bassensus; C. fuengensis ; 

Sprattus sprattus phalericus (Risso), Syn: Clupea sprattus L. (Sprat) ; 

Hyperlophus vittatus; 

84

Nematolosa vlaminghi ; 

Etrumeus microps; 

Ethmidium maculatus ; 

Engraulis achoita (Argentine anchovy) ; 

E. ringens (Peruvian anchovy) 

WS 0131 Sharks 

Porbeagle, Requiem sharks, Smooth hounds, Spiny dogfish, Liveroil sharks 


WS 0132 Tuna and Bonito 

According to Codex Stan. 70-1981 includes: 

Tunas: Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre); 

Th. Albacares; Th. Atlanticus; 

Th. Obesus; Th. thynnus maccoyii; 

Th. thynnus orientalis; 

Th. thynnus thunnus L.; Th. Tongoll; 

Euthynnus affinus; 

Eu. Alletteratus ; Eu. Lineatus ; 

Eu. pelamis L. ; syn: Katsuwonus pelumis L. 

Bonitos: Sarda chilensis ; S. orientalis ; 

S. sarda Bloch ; S. velox 

WS 4937 Albacore, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre) 

WS 0920 Anchovies 

Engraulis encrasicolus (L.) ; 

E. japonicus; E. mordax ; E. capensis 

For Argentine anchovy and Peruvian anchovy see Sub-Group Sardines and 

Sardine-type fishes. 

WS 0921 Barracudas 

Sphyraena spp. 

WS 4939 Bigeye tuna, see Tuna, Bigeye 

WS 4940 Blackfin tuna, see Tuna, Blackfin 

WS 0922 Bluefish 

Pomatomus saltatrix 

WS 0923 Bogue 

Boops boops (L.); syn: Box boops Bonaparte 

WS 0924 Bonito 

Sarda sarda (Bloch) ; S. chiliensis ; S. orientalis ; S. velox 

see also Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

WS 4941 Bonito, Atlantic, see Bonito 

Sarda sarda (Bloch) 

WS 4943 Bonito, Eastern Pacific, see Bonito 

Sarda chiliensis 

WS 0956 Bream, Silver 

Acanthopagrus australis (Australia) 

85

WS 4945 Brill, see Turbot 

Scophthalmus rhombus (L.); 

syn: Rhombus laevis Rondelet 

WS 0925 Butterfish 

Species of the family Stromateidae 

WS 0926 Capelin 

Mallotus villosus Müller 

WS 4947 Catfish, Sea, see Wolffish 

WS 4949 Coalfish, see Pollack 

Pollachius virens L.; 

syn: Gadus virens L. 

see also Subgroup Cod and Cod-like fishes 

WS 0927 Cod 

According to Codex Stan. 50-1981 includes 

Gadus morhua L.; syn: G. callarius L.; 

G. ogac Richardson; G. macrocephalus 

see also Subgroup Co and Cod-like fishes 

WS 4951 Cod, Atlantic, see Cod 

Gadus morhua L.; 

syn: G. callarius L. 

WS 4953 Cod, Greenland, see Cod 

Gadus ogac Richardson 

WS 4955 Cod, Pacific, see Cod 

Gadus macrocephalus 

WS 0928 Conger or Conger eel 

Conger conger (L.); C. oceanicus; C. orbignyanus; 

Astroconger myriaster 

WS 4957 Conger, European, see Conger 

Conger conger (L.) ; 

syn: C. vulgaris Cuv. 

WS 0929 Dab or Common dab 

Limanda limanda L. 

see also Subgroup Flat-fishes 

WS 0930 Dolphinfish 

Coryphaena hippurus L. 

WS 4959 Dorado, see Dolphinfish 

WS 0931 Drums 

Species of the family Sciaenidae 

WS 4961 European sardine, see Subgroup Sardines and Sardine type fishes 

Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum) 

86

WS 0932 Flounders 

Platichthys flesus (L.); 

syn: Pleuronectus flesus L. ; 

Atheresthes evermanni; A. stomias; 

Glyptocephalus cynoglossus L.; 

Limanda ferruginea 

see also Subgroup Flatfishes 

WS 0933 Garfish 

Belone belone (L.); 

syn: B. acus Risso 

WS 0934 Haddock 

Gadus aeglefinus L.; 

syn: Melanogrammus aeglefinus L. 


WS 0935 Hakes 

Merlucius merlucius (L.); 

other Merlucius spp. 


WS 0936 Halibut 

Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.; 

H. stenolepis; 

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Walbaum 


WS 4963 Halibut, Atlantic, see Halibut 

Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. 

WS 4965 Halibut, Greenland, see Halibut 

Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Walbaum 

WS 4967 Halibut, Pacific, see Halibut 

Hippoglossus stenolepis 

WS 0937 Herring 

Clupea harengus L.; C. pallasi; other Clupea spp. 

N.B. For small fishes of these species see also Sub-Group Sardines and 

Sardine-type fishes 

WS 4969 Herring, Atlantic, see Herring 

Clupea harengus L. 

WS 4971 Herring, Pacific, see Herring 

Clupea pallasi 

WS 4973 Horse mackerel, see Jack Mackerel 

Trachurus spp.; several spp. 

see also Subgroup Mackerel and Jack Mackerel 

WS 4975 Indian mackerel, see Mackerel 

Rastrelliger kanagurta; other Rastrelliger spp. 

WS 0938 Jack mackerel 

Trachurus spp.; 

87


see also Subgroup Mackerel and Jack Mackerel 

WS 0939 King mackerel 

Scomberomorus spp., including S. cavalla; 

S. comerson; S. guttatus 

see also Subgroup Mackerel and Mackerel like fishes 

WS 0940 Ling 

Molva molva L.; M. byrkelange Walbaum; 

syn: M. dipterygia; M. elongata Otto 

WS 4977 Liveroil shark, see Subgroup Sharks 

Galeorhinus galeus L. ; 

other Galeorhinus spp. 

WS 4979 Longtail tuna, see Tuna, Longtail 

WS 0941 Mackerel 

Scomber, scombrus L.; 

Scomber japonicus; other Scomber spp; 

Rastrelliger kanagurta; R. brachysoma; 

other Rastrelliger spp. 

see also Subgroup 

(a) Mackerel and Jack Mackerel 

(b) Mackerel and Mackerel-like fishes 

WS 4981 Mackerel, Atlantic, see Mackerel 

Scomber Scombrus L. 

WS 4983 Mackerel, Chub, see Mackerel 

Scomber japonicus 

WS 4985 Mackerel, Indian, see Mackerel and Indian Mackerel 

Rastrelliger kanagurta 

WS 4987 Mackerel, Short, see Mackerel 

Rastrelliger brachysoma 

WS 0942 Menhaden 

Brevoortia spp. 

WS 0943 Mullets 

(among others Mullet, red; Mullet, striped) 

Mugil cephalus 

Mullus surmeletus L.; 

other spp of the family Mugilidae 

WS 4989 Northern bluefin tuna, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Thunnus thynnus thynnus L. 

WS 0944 Ocean Perch 

According to Codex Stan. 51-1981 includes 

Sebastus marinus L. ; S. mentella ; S. viviparus Kroyer ; S. alutus ; 

Scorpaena dactyloptera Delaroche ; 

Helicolenus maculatus 

88

WS 4991 Oil sardine, see Subgroup Sardines and Sardine type fishes 

Sardinella spp. 

WS 0945 Plaice 

Pleuronectus platessa L. ; 

P. quadrituberculata 


WS 4993 Plaice, Alaska, see Plaice 

Pleuronectus quadrituberculata 

WS 4995 Plaice, European, see Plaice 

Pleuronectus platessa L. 

WS 0946 Pollack 

Polachius polachius L.; 

syn: Gadus polachius L. 


WS 0947 Pomfret, Atlantic 

Brama brama; 

syn: B. raii Bloch 

WS 4997 Porbeagle, see Subgroup Sharks 

Lamna nasus (Bonaterre) 

WS 0948 Rays 

Spp. of the family Rajidae 

WS 4999 Requiem shark, see Subgroup Sharks 

spp. of the family Carcharinidae of the Order of Selachii 

WS 5001 Salema, see Boque 

Boops salpa (L.); 

syn: Sarpa salpa L. 

WS 0957 Salmon, Threadfin 

Polydactylus sheridani (Australia) 

WS 5003 Sardinella or Oil sardine 

see Subgroup Sardines and Sardine-type fishes 

Sardinella spp. 

WS 5005 Sardine, European 

see Subgroup Sardines and Sardine-type fishes 

Sardina pilchardus Walbaum 

WS 5007 Scad, see Jack Mackerel 


WS 5009 Scorpion fishes, see Ocean Perch 

Scorpaena dactyloptera Delaroche; 

syn: Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche) 

other spp. of the family Scorpaenidae 

WS 0949 Sea bass 

Morone labrax L; syn: Dicentrarchus tabrax (L.); 

89

M. saxatilus; other Morone spp. 

WS 0950 Sea bream 

Pagellus centrodontus (Delaroche); 

P. erythrinus (L.); other Pagellus spp. 

WS 5011 Sea catfish, see Wolffish 

Anarichas spp. 

WS 5013 Seerfish, see Spanish Mackerel and King mackerel 

Scomberomorus spp. 

WS 5015 Shark, see Subgroup Sharks 

WS 5017 Skipjack tuna, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Katsuwonus pelamis L.; 

syn: Euthynnus pelamis L. 

WS 5019 Smooth hounds, see Subgroup Sharks 

Mustelus spp. 

WS 0951 Sole 

Solea solea L.; 

syn: S. vulgaris Quensel 

see also Subgroup Flat fishes 

WS 5021 Southern bluefin tuna, see Tuna, Bluefin 

Thunnus maccoyii; 

syn: Thunnus thynnus maccoyii 

WS 5023 Spanish mackerel, see King mackerel 

Scomberomorus spp.; among others S. maculates; 

Sc. Tritor; Sc. niphonius 

WS 5025 Spiny dogfish, see Subgroup Sharks 

Squalis acanthias L.; other Squalis spp. 

WS 5027 Tailor (Australia), see Bluefish 

WS 0952 Tuna, see also Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Thunnus spp. 

WS 5029 Tuna, Bigeye, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Thunnus obesus 

WS 5031 Tuna, Blackfin, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Thunnus atlanticus 

WS 5033 Tuna, Bluefin, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Thunnus thynnus L.; Th. maccoyii 

WS 5035 Tuna, Longtail, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Thunnus Tongoll 

WS 5037 Tuna, Skipjack, see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Katsuwonis pelamis L. ; 

syn: Euthynnus pelamis L. 

90

WS 5039 Tuna, Yellowfin. see Subgroup Tuna and Bonito 

Thunnus albacares 

WS 0953 Turbot 

Scophthalmus maximus L.; 

syn: Rhombus maximus (L.) 


WS 5041 Witch flounder, see Flounders 

Glyptocephalus cynoglossus L. 

WS 0954 Whiting 

Gadus merlangus L. 


WS 0955 Wolffish 

Anarhichas lupus L.; 

A. minor Olafsson 

WS 5043 Yellowfin tuna, see Tuna, Yellowfin 

WS 5044 Yellowtail flounder, see Flounders 

Limanda ferruginea 

91

Fish roe (including milt = soft roe) and edible offal of fish 

Class B 

Type 8 Aquatic animal products Group 043 Group Letter Code WR for the roe 

WL for liver and other edible fish offal 

Fish roes are the edible reproductive bodies of several species of fish. Of some of these only the “hard roe”, 

the female reproductive body, is used whereas both the “hard” and “soft” roe (milt) of other species is 

marketed. 

The term roe used in the commodity description includes if relevant both types of roe. 

The liver of some species is used as such for human consumption or for production of liver oils (e.g. cod liver 

oil). 

Exposure to pesticides is through animal metabolism. 


See for scientific species or family names and subgroup description Group 040-042. The relevant group is 

indicated after the commodity name with (f) freshwater fishes, (d) diadromous fishes and (m) marine fishes. 

Group 043 Fish roe (including milt = soft roe) and edible offal of fish 


WR 0140 Fish roe 

WR 0121 Salmon roe, Pacific (d) 

WR 0131 Shark liver (m) 

WR 0922 Bluefish roe (m) 

WR 0927 Cod roe (m) 

WR 0930 Dolphinfish roe (m) 

WR 0932 Flounder roe (m) 

WR 0937 Herring roe (m) 

WR 0941 Mackerel roe (m) 

WR 0943 Mullet roe (m) 

WR 0893 Salmon roe, Atlantic (d) 

WR 0894 Shad roe (d) 

WR 0896 Sturgeon roe (d) 

WL 0927 Cod liver (m) 

92

Marine mammals 

Class B 

Type 8 Aquatic animal products Group 044 Group Letter Code WM 

Several sea mammals are caught on a large scale. The meat of various species is used as food or feed in 

some areas of the world. The blubber (=whale or seal fat) fat and train oil (oil derived from whale fat) is used 

after processing as raw material in food or feed manufacture; the sperm oil, as well as the spermaceti (a 

waxy substance from the head of sperm whales) is mainly used in cosmetics and some other industrial 

products. 

Exposure to pesticides is by consumption of contaminated prey or through water pollution. 

The entire commodity except the bones and other inedible parts may be consumed. 


marketed, without bones. For fat-soluble pesticides a portion of the fat is analysed and MRLs apply 

to the fat. 

Group 044 Marine mammals 


WM 0141 Marine mammals 

WM 0142 Fat of Dolphins, Seals and Whales, unprocessed 

WM 0970 Dolphins 

spp. of the family Dolphinidae 

WM 5045 Dolphin, Bottlenose, see Dolphins 

Tursiops truncatus (Mont.) 

WM 5047 Dolphin, Humpback, see Dolphins 

WM 5049 Dolphin, Spinner, see Dolphins 

Stenella longirostris 

WM 5051 Porpoise, see Whales 

Phocaena phocaena 

WM 5053 Sea-lions, see Seals 

Otaria spp.; Eumetopius spp.; 

Zalophus spp. (all Pacific Ocean) 

WM 0971 Seals 

spp. of the families Otariidae, Phocidae and Trichechidae. 

syn: Odobenidae 

WM 5055 Seal, Common, see Seals 

Phoca vitulina 

WM 5057 Seals, Eared, see Seals 

Otariidae spp. 

WM 5059 Seals, Earless, see Seals 

93

Phocidae spp. 

WM 5061 Seals, Fur, see Seals 

Arctocephalus pusillus (South Africa); 

A. australis (South America, Australia); 

Callorhinus ursinus (North Atlantic) 

WM 5063 Seal, Grey, see Seals 

Halichoerus grypus (North Atlantic) 

WM 5065 Seal, Harp, see Seals 

Pagophillus groenlandicus (North Atlantic) 

WM 5067 Seal, Hooded, see Seals 

Cystophora cristata (North Atlantic) 

WM 5069 Seal, Ringed, see Seals 

Phoca hispida (North Atlantic) 

WM 0972 Whales 

spp. of the zoological order of the Cetacae 

WM 5071 Whales, Baleen, see Whales 

spp. of the family Balaenopteridae (Sub-order Mystacoceti) 

WM 5073 Whale, Blue, see Whales 

Balaenoptera musculus 

WM 5075 Whale, False killer, see Whales 

Pseudorca crassidens 

WM 5077 Whale, Fin, see Whales 

Balaenoptera physalus 

WM 5079 Whale, Humpback, see whales 

Megaptera novacangliae 

WM 5081 Whale, Killer, see Whales 

Orcinus orca 

WM 5083 Whale, Minke, see Whales 

Balaenoptera acutorostrata 

WM 5085 Whale, Sei, see Whales 

Balaenoptera borealis 

WM 5087 Whale, Short-finned pilot, see Whales 

Globicephala macrorhynchus 

WM 5089 Whale, Sperm, see Whales 

Physeter catodon 

WM 5091 Whales, Toothed, see Whales 

spp. of the families Physeteridae, Ziphiidae and Orcinus orca (family Delphinidae) 

94

Crustaceans 

Class B 

Type 8 Aquatic animal products Group 045 Group Letter Code WC 

Crustaceans are aquatic animals of various species, wild or cultivated, which have an inedible chitinous 

outer shell. 

A small number of species live in fresh water, but most of species live in brackish water and/or in the sea. 

Exposure to pesticides is through animal metabolism or water pollution. 

Crustaceans are prepared for wholesale or retail distribution at a “raw” stage, often still live, “raw” and deepfrozen, 

or cooked directly after catching and deep-frozen. Shrimps or prawns may also be parboiled and 

thereafter deep-frozen. 

Although the cooked or parboiled crustaceans should be regarded as processed foods, the animals of this 

group are primarily classified in the Chapter on Primary food commodities, type 8: Aquatic animal products, 

since several crustaceans are also marketed in a “raw” form, i.e. not exposed to temperatures sufficiently 

high to coagulate the protein at the surface. A short reference to processed Crustaceans is given at type 17: 

Derived edible products of animal origin, Group 084 Crustaceans, processed. 

The entire commodity except the shell may be consumed: the “raw” commodities, in general, after cooking. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity (especially 

with the small sized species) or the meat without the outer shell, as prepared for wholesale and retail 

distribution. 

Group 045 Crustaceans 


WC 0143 Crustaceans 

WC 0144 Freshwater crustaceans 

Astacus spp. (Europe), 

Procambarus spp. (USA); 

Macrobrachium spp. (Asia, Australia, South and Middle America); 

species of the family Palaemonidae 

WC 0145 Marine crustaceans 

All species mentioned in this group, except those recorded as Freshwater 

Crustaceans 

WC 0146 Crabs 

According to Codex Stan. 90-1981 

edible species of the sub-order Brachyura of the order of the Decapoda and the 

species of the family 

Lithodidae (= King Crabs), Scylla spp. (Mud Crabs) 

WC 0976 Freshwater crayfishes 

Astacus spp. (Europe); 

Procambarus spp. (USA); 

Eustacus spp. (Australia) 

WC 0977 Freshwater shrimps or prawns, see note 2 

95

Palaemon spp.; Macrobrachium spp.; Cherax spp. 

WC 5093 Langouste, see Spiny Lobster 

WC 0978 Lobsters 

According to Codex Stan. 95-1981 include 

Homarus spp., family of Nephropsidae and spp. of the families Palinuridae and 

Scyllaridae, i.e., Spiny lobsters and Slipper lobsters 

WC 5095 Lobster, American, see Lobsters 

Homarus americanus 

WC 5097 Lobster, European, see Lobsters 

Homarus gammarus L.; 

syn: Cancer gammarus L. 

WC 5099 Lobster, Norway, see Lobsters 

Nephrops norvegicus L.; 

syn: Cancer norvegicus L. see also note 1 

WC 5101 Prawns, see Shrimps or Prawns 

WC 5103 Prawn, Banana, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus merguiensis (Australia, Indo-Pacific) 

WC 5105 Prawn, Brown tiger, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus esculentus (Australia) 

WC 5107 Prawn, Caramote, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus kerathurus Forskal (Mediterranean) 

WC 5109 Prawn, Common, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Palaemon serratus Pennant (Europe, Mediterranean) 

WC 5111 Prawn, Eastern king, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus plebejus (Australia, Indo-Pacific) 

WC 5113 Prawn, Endeavour, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus endeavouri (Australia) 

WC 5115 Prawn, Giant tiger, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus monodon (Australia, Indo-Pacific) 

WC 5117 Prawn, Green tiger, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus semisulcatus (Indo-Pacific) 

WC 5119 Prawn, Japanese king, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus japonicus (Asia) 

WC 5121 Prawn, Kuruma, see Prawn, Japanese King 

WC 5123 Prawn, Northern, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus borealis (Northern Atlantic) 

WC 5125 Prawn, Western king, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus latisulcatus (Australia, Indo-Pacific) 

96

WC 5127 Rock lobster, see Lobsters 

Jasus spp. (family Palinuridae) 

WC 0979 Shrimps or Prawns, see note 2 

According to Codex Stan. 37-1981 and 92-1981 include spp. of the families 

Crangonidae 

Palaemonidae, see note 3, Pandalidae and Penaidae 

WC 5129 Shrimps, Common, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Crangon crangon L. ; 

syn: C. vulgaris Fabr. (Europe, Mediterranean) 

WC 5131 Shrimp, Deepwater rose, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Parapenaeus longirostris Lucas (Atlantic) 

WC 5133 Shrimp, Northern brown, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus aztecus (USA) 

WC 5135 Shrimp, Northern pink, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus notialis; 

syn: P. duorarum (USA, West Africa) 

WC 5137 Shrimp, Northern white, see Shrimps or Prawns 

Penaeus sertiferus (USA) 

WC 5139 Slipper lobster, see Lobsters 

spp. of the family Scyllaridae 

WC 5141 Spiny lobster, see Lobsters 

Palinurus vulgaris Latreille, other Palinurus spp. 

note 1: In some countries, species such as the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus L.) are included in 

the commodity “Prawns” with some qualifying designation, such as Dublin Bay Prawn or Prawn of 

Bantry Bay (both Ireland). The Codex Stan. 92-1981 on Quick Frozen Shrimps and Prawns does 

not prevent this practice, provided that the designation on the label ensures that the consumer 

will not be misled. 

note 2: There is no clear-cut distinction between Shrimps and Prawns. In several countries the 

commodity name Shrimps is used for the small species whereas the slightly larger ones are 

called Prawns. However, a species marked in certain regions of the world as “Prawn” may be 

called in the local English language in other areas a shrimp and visa versa, e.g., Pandalus 

borcalis is called Northern prawn or Deepwater prawn in the United Kingdom and the same 

species is named Pink shrimp in Canada. In Australia only the name Prawn is used for animals 

included in this commodity. 

note 3: Not including the freshwater species of the Palaemonidae. 

97

TYPE 9 AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES 

Frogs, lizards, snakes and turtles 

Class B 

Type 9 Amphibians and reptiles Group 048 Group Letter Code AR 

Frog, lizard, snake and turtle products are the edible parts from various animal species of the zoological 

classes Amphibia and Reptilia, usually wild, harvested for food. Some frog species are cultivated in a few 

European and Asian countries and to a small extent in the USA and marked in the form of deep-frozen frog 

legs. The wild species are marketed in the same manner. 

A few turtle species are raised from eggs or hatchlings in some tropical countries, especially the Green 

Turtle. 

Exposure to pesticides is through animal metabolism. 

The entire product, except the bones and the bony or horny outer shell (turtles), may be consumed. 


marketed without bones or the outer shell. 

Group 048 Frogs, lizards, snakes and turtles 


AR 0148 Frogs, lizards, snakes and turtles 

AR 0149 Reptiles 

Lizards, snakes, turtles 

AR 5143 Bullfrog, see Frogs 

Rana catesbeiana; R. tigrina 

AR 5145 Bullfrog, Indian, see Frogs 

Rana tigrina 

AR 0990 Frogs 

Rana spp.; especially Rana catesbeiana; 

R. esculenta L. ; R. dactyla Lesson ; R. ridibunda Pall.; R. tigrina 

other spp. of the family Ranidae 

AR 5147 Frog, Agile, see Frogs 

Rana dalmatina Bonap. 

AR 5149 Frog, Common, see Frogs 

Rana temporaria L. 

AR 5151 Frog, Edible, see Frogs 

Rana esculenta L. 

AR 5153 Frog, Marsh, see Frogs 

Rana ridibunda Pall. 

AR 5155 Frog, Pool, see Frogs 

98

Rana lessonae Camer 

AR 0991 Lizards 

Species of the zoological order Lacertilia 

AR 0992 Snakes 

Several spp. of the zoological order Ophidia 

AR 0993 Turtles 

Species of the zoological order Chelonia 

AR 5157 Turtle, Green, see Turtles 

Chelone midas L.; 

syn: Ch. viridis Schneid. 

AR 5159 Turtle, Hawksbill, see Turtles 

Eretmochelys imbricata 

AR 5161 Turtle, Loggerhead, see Turtles 

Caretta caretta L.; 

syn: Thalassochelys caretta L. 

99

TYPE 10 INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS 

Molluscs (including cephalopods) and other invertebrate animals 

Class B 

Type 10 Invertebrate animals Group 049 Group Letter Code IM 

Molluscs are aquatic or land animals of various species, wild or cultivated, which have an inedible outer or 

inner shell. 

The edible aquatic Molluscs live mainly in brackish water or in the sea; several species are cultivated. A few 

edible species of land snails are cultivated. 

Exposure to pesticides is through animal metabolism: the aquatic species also through water contamination. 

The entire commodity except the outer or inner shell may be consumed. 


removal of shell. 

Group 049 Molluscs (including Cephalopods) and other invertebrate animals 


IM 0150 Molluscs, including Cephalopods 

IM 0151 Marine bivalve molluscs 

Sub-class Lamellibranchia 

Clams, Cockles, Mussels, Oysters, Scallops 

IM 0152 Cephalopods 

Cuttlefishes, Octopuses, Squids 

IM 5163 Beche-de-mer, see Sea-cucumbers 

IM 1000 Clams 

Species of the families 

Arcidae; Mactridae; Veneridae 

IM 1001 Cockles 

Cardium edule L.; other Cardium spp. 

IM 5165 Cockle, Common, see Cockles 

Cardium edule L. 

IM 1002 Cuttlefishes 

Sepia officinalis L.; S. elegans d’Orbigny; other Sepia spp.; 

Sepiola atlantica d’Orbigny; S. rondeleti Leach 

IM 5167 Cuttlefish, Common, see Cuttlefishes 

Sepia officinalis L. 

IM 5169 Giant snail, see Snails, Edible (Africa, Asia) 

Achatina fulica fer.; A. achatina; Archachatina spp. 

100

IM 1003 Mussels 

Mytilus edulis L. (Europe); 

M. galloprovincialis Lam. (Mediterranean); 

M. smaragdinus (Asia); other Mytilus spp. 

IM 5171 Little cuttle, see Cuttlefishes 

Sepiola atlantica d’Orbigny; S. rondeleti Leach 

IM 5173 Octopuses 

Octopus vulgaris Lam.; 

Eledone cirrhosa Lam.; 

E. moschata Lam. 

IM 5175 Octopus, Common, see Octopuses 

Octopus vulgaris Lam. 

IM 5177 Octopus, Curled, see Octopuses 

Eledone cirrhosa Lam. 

IM 5179 Octopus, Musky, see Octopuses 

Eledone moschata Lam. 

IM 1004 Oysters (including Cupped oysters) 

Ostrea edulis L.; other Ostrea spp.; Crassostrea angulata Lam.; 

syn: Gryphaea angulata Lam.; Crassostrea gigas; 

C. virginica; other Crassostrea spp. 

IM 5181 Oyster, American cupped, see Oysters 

Crassostrea virginica (American) 

IM 5183 Oyster, European, see Oysters 

Ostrea edulis L. 

IM 5185 Oyster, Pacific cupped, see Oysters 

Crassostrea gigas (Asia, Canada) 

IM 5187 Oyster, Portuguese cupped, see Oysters 

Crassostrea angulata Lam.; 

syn: Gryphaea angulata Lam. (S.W. Europe) 

IM 5189 Oyster, Sydney rock, see Oysters (including Cupped Oysters) 

Crassostrea commercalis (Australia) 

IM 1005 Scallops 

Pecten spp.; Placopecten spp.; 

Argopecten sp. 

IM 5191 Scallop, Australian, see Scallops 

Pecten meridionalis (Australia) 

IM 5193 Scallop, Bay, see Scallops 

Argopecten irradians (N. America) 

IM 5195 Scallop, Giant pacific, see Scallops 

Pecten caurinus (America) 

IM 5197 Scallop, Great, see Scallops 

101

Pecten maximus (L.) (W. Europe, Mediterranean) 

IM 5199 Scallop, New Zealand, see Scallops 

Pecten novaezealandiae (New Zealand) 

IM 5201 Scallop, Queen, see Scallops 

Pecten opercularis (L.); 

syn: Chlamys opercularis L. (W. Europe) 

IM 5203 Scallop, Sea, see Scallops 

Placopecten magellanicus (N. America) 

IM 1010 Sea-cucumbers 

species of the zoological Order of the Holothuroidea 

IM 1006 Sea urchins 

Species of the zoological Order of the Echinoidea 

IM 1007 Snails, Edible 

Helix spp.; Achatina spp. 

IM 5205 Snail, Garden, see Snails, Edible 

Helix aspersa Müller 

IM 5207 Snail, Giant, see Snails, Edible 

Achatina fulica Fer.; A. achatina 

IM 5209 Snail, Roman, see Snails, Edible 

Helix pomatia L. 

IM 1008 Squids 

Loligo forbesi Steensrup; 

L. vulgaris Lam.; other Loligo spp. 

Allotheuthis subulata lam; 

Ommastrephes sagittatus Lam.; 

syn: Todarodes sagittatus Lam.; T. pacificus; 

Illex illecebrosus, other Illex spp. 

IM 1009 Squid, Common, see Squids 

Loligo forbesi Steenstrup 

IM 5211 Squid, European flying, see Squids 

Ommastrephes sagittatus Lam. ; 

syn: Todarodes sagittatus Lam. (Europe) 

IM 5213 Squid, Japanese flying, see Squids 

Todarodes pacificus (Asia) 

IM 5215 Squid, Short-finned, see Squids 

Illex illecebrosus 

102

CLASS C PRIMARY FEED COMMODITIES 

For the purpose of the Codex Alimentarius the term “primary feed commodity” means the product in or nearly 

in its natural state intended for sale to: 

(a) the stock farmer as feed which is used without further processing for livestock animals or after silaging or 

similar farm processes. 

(b) to the animal feed industry as a raw material for preparing compounded feeds. 

TYPE 11 PRIMARY FEED COMMODITIES OF PLANT ORIGIN 

The primary feed commodities of plant origin include products after removal of certain parts of the plants. 

Some types of the primary feed commodities are grown and used exclusively for animal feeding purposes, 

e.g. alfalfa, vetch and maize forage. Other types are derived from crops of which the edible parts are used 

directly or after processing as food, whereas the “waste” parts of these crops are generally used for feeding 

purposes, e.g. cereal straws, pea vines (fresh = green), pea hay, maize fodder, sugar beet tops or leaves. 

Legume animal feeds 

Class C 

Type 11 Primary feed commodities of plant origin Group 050 Group Letter Code 

AL 

Group 050. Legume animal feeds include various species of leguminous plants used for animal forage, 

grazing, fodder hay or silage, with or without seed. Several species are grown exclusively for animal feeding 

purposes, whereas some others are grown primarily as food crops. The “waste” parts of the latter crops are 

often used as animal feed, either in the fresh form or as hay. 

The entire commodity may be consumed by livestock animals. 


presented for wholesale or retail distribution. 

In view of the wide range of moisture contents in most animal feeds, except straws, moving in commerce, the 

MRLs should preferably be set and expressed on a “dry-weight” basis. 

A “dry-weight” basis implies that the commodity is analysed for pesticide residues as received, that the 

moisture content is determined, preferably by a standard method for use on the relevant commodity, and the 

residue content is then calculated as if it were wholly contained in the dry matter (ref. Report 1980 JMPR 1 ). 

The residues are expressed on a dry-weight basis if not otherwise stated. To avoid confusion caused by the 

not always consistent commodity description in the past, the “dry-weight” basis, will be indicated, if relevant, 

with the designation “dry-weight” after the residue figure e.g. 

Group 050 Legume animal feeds 


pea vines (green) ; x mg/kg dry weight 

pea hay ; x mg/kg dry weight 

AL 0157 Legume animal feeds 

1 FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper no. 26, Rome 1981 

103

AL 0061 Bean fodder 

Phaseolus spp. 

AL 0072 Pea hay or Pea fodder (dry) 

AL 1020 Alfalfa fodder 

Medicago sativa L., subsp. sativa L.; 

M. sativa L., subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. and hybrids = 

M. sativa L., subsp. varia (Martijn) Arcang 

AL 1021 Alfalfa forage (green) 

For scientific names see AL 1020 Alfalfa fodder 

AL 1030 Bean forage (green) 

AL 1022 Bean, velvet 

Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.) Merr.; 

syn: Stizolobium deeringianum Bort.; 

other Stizolobium spp. 

AL 5217 Chickling vetch, see Vetch, Chickling 

AL 0524 Chick-pea fodder 


AL 1023 Clover 

Trifolium, several spp. and ssp.; 

Melilotus spp. 

AL 1031 Clover hay or fodder 

AL 5219 Grass pea, see Vetch, Chickling 

AL 1024 Kudzu 

Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi; 

syn: P. thunbergiana (Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth. 

P. phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. 

AL 5221 Kudzu, Tropical, see Kudzu 

Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. 

AL 1025 Lespedeza 

Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.) G. Don; 

syn: L. sericea Miq. 

AL 0545 Lupin, forage 

among others Lupinus albus L.; 

L. angustifolius L.; L. luteus L.; sweet varieties 

AL 5223 Melilot, see Clovers 

Melilotus spp. 

AL 0528 Pea vines (green) 

AL 0697 Peanut fodder 

Arachis hypogaea L. 

104

AL 1270 Peanut forage (green) 

AL 5227 Puero, see Kudzu, Tropical 

Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. 

AL 1027 Sainfoin 

Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.; 

syn: O. sativa Lamk. 

AL 5229 Sericea, see Lespedeza 

AL 0541 Soya bean fodder 

Glycine max (L.) Merr; 

for synonyms see VP 0541 

AL 1265 Soya bean forage (green) 

AL 1028 Trefoil 

Lotus corniculatus, L.; other Lotus spp. 

AL 5231 Tropical kudzu, see Kudzu, Tropical 

AL 5233 Velvet bean, see Bean, Velvet 

AL 1029 Vetch 

Vicia spp., several ssp.; Astralagus spp.; 

Coronilla varia L. ; Lathyrus sativus L. 

AL 5235 Vetch, Chickling, see Vetch 

Lathyrus sativus L. 

AL 5237 Vetch, Crown, see Vetch 

Coronilla varia L. 

AL 5239 Vetch, Milk, see Vetch 

Astralagus spp. 

105

Straw, fodder and forage of cereal grains and grasses, except grasses for sugar production 

(including buckwheat fodder) 

Class C 

Type 11 Primary feed commodities of plant origin 

Group 051 Group Letter Code AS (straws and fodders dry) AF (forage) 

The straw, fodder and forage of cereal grains are derived from various plants of the grass family 

(Gramineae). 

Cereal grains are grown to a limited extent as a forage crop. The immature crop is fed to livestock animals as 

succulent forage or as silage. 

The cereal grain crops are mainly grown for human food or raw material for preparing food products. The 

“waste” parts remaining after harvest of the grain kernels (stems, stalks, leaves and empty ears) are 

extensively used and distributed for animal feeding purposes, in the form of dry fodder or straw. 

Several other species of the grass family are exclusively grown as forages crops. These crops are either 

used for grazing or are prepared for wholesale or retail distribution in the form of grass silage (in general one 

or more cuttings from immature plants), as artificially dried grass or as hay. 

The entire commodity may be consumed by livestock animals. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity, as 

presented for wholesale or retail distribution. 

In view of the wide range of moisture contents in the animal feeds of this group, except the straws and hays, 

moving in commerce the MRLs should preferably be set and expressed on a “dry-weight” basis. 

A “dry-weight” basis implies that the commodity is analysed for pesticide residues as received, that the 

moisture content is determined, preferably by a standard method for use on the relevant commodity, and that 

the residue content is then calculated as if it were wholly contained in the dry matter (ref. Report 1980 

MJPR). 

The residues on the dry commodities of this group, e.g. straws and hays, are expressed on the commodity 

as such (see explanatory note below). 

Group 051 Straw, fodder and forage of cereal grains and grasses, except grasses for sugar 

production (including buckwheat fodder) 


AS 0161 Straw, fodder (dry) and hay of cereal grains and other grass-like plants 

AS 0081 Straw and fodder (dry) of cereal grains 

AS 0162 Hay or fodder (dry) of grasses 

AS 0640 Barley straw and fodder, dry 

AS 5241 Bermuda grass 

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 

see Subgroup Hay or Fodder (dry) of Grasses 

AS 5243 Bluegrass 

Poa spp. 

106


AS 5245 Brome grass 

Bromus spp. 


AS 0641 Buckwheat fodder 

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench; 

syn: F. sagittatum Gilib. 

AS 5247 Corn fodder 

see Maize fodder 

AF 5249 Corn forage 

see Maize forage 

AS 5251 Darnel 

Lolium spp. 


AS 5253 Fescue 

Festuca spp. 


AF 0645 Maize forage 

Zea Mays L. 

AS 0645 Maize fodder 

Zea Mays L. 

AS 0646 Millet fodder, dry 

Echinochloa cruss-galli (L.) Beauv.; Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.; 

Panicum miliaceum L.; Penisetum typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & Hubbard; 

Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.; 

For synonyms see the specific Millets in Group 020: Grasses 

AF 0647 Oat forage (green) 

Avena fatua L.; A . abysinnica Hochst. 

AS 0647 Oat straw and fodder, dry 

AS 0649 Rice straw and fodder, dry 

Oryza sativa L. 

AF 0650 Rye forage (green) 

Secale cereale L. 

AS 0650 Rye straw and fodder, dry 

AF 0651 Sorghum forage (green) 

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; 

other Sorghum spp. 

AS 0651 Sorghum straw and fodder, dry 

AS 0657 Teosinte fodder 

Zea mays ssp. mexicana (Schrader) Iltis; 

107

syn: Z. mexicana (Schrader) Kunze; Euchleaena mexicana Schrader 

AS 0654 Wheat straw and fodder, dry 

Triticum aestivum L.; 

T. vulgare Vill.; other Triticum spp. 

Explanatory note: Another advantage of expressing the residue on a “dry-weight” basis is that it overcomes 

the problems arising from the often inconsistent use of the terms forage and fodder. 

Forage: Crops grown exclusively for animal feed. These crops are either used for grazing or are prepared 

as silage or as dry fodder. 

Fodder: Coarse feed for livestock animals, especially cattle, horses and sheep, such as straw, hay, maize, 

stalks (stover) etc. 

e.g. Maize forage: whole green plant, prior to maturity (including the immature or nearly mature 

cobs). 

Maize fodder: stover or whole stalks (with ears removed) remaining after the harvest of the mature 

and sun-dried cobs. 

108

Miscellaneous Fodder and Forage crops 

Class C 

Type 11 Primary feed commodities of Plant origin 

Group 052 Group Letter Codes AM (fodder) AV (forage) 

Group 052. Miscellaneous Fodder and Forage crops, are derived from various kinds of plants except 

leguminous and grassy plants (family Gramineae). However, for convenience, the fodders and forage of 

grasses for sugar production are included in this group. Some of the crops listed in this group are primarily 

grown for human food or as raw material for preparing food (e.g. sugar beet) and the “waste” material of 

such crops is used as animal feed. 

The entire commodity may be consumed by livestock animals, either in a succulent form, as silage or in the 

form of dry fodder. 


presented for wholesale or retail distribution. In view of the wide range of moisture contents in the 

animal feeds of this group moving in commerce the MRLs should, if relevant, preferably be set and 

expressed on a “dry-weight” basis, see explanation in Group 050 Legume animal feeds. 

Group 052 Miscellaneous Fodder and Forage crops 


AM 0165 Miscellaneous fodder and forage crops 

except leguminous and grass plants (Gramineae), but including grasses for sugar 

production 

AM 0691 Cotton fodder, dry 

Gossypium spp. 

AV 1050 Cow cabbage 

Brassica oleracea L., var. acephala (D.C.) Alef subva. viridis 

AM 1051 Fodder beet 

Beta vulgaris var. rapa 

AV 1051 Fodder beet leaves or tops 

AV 0480 Kale forage 

Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (D.C.) Alef 

AM 5255 Mangel or Mangold, see Fodder beet 

AM 5256 Mangoldwurzel, see Fodder beet 

AV 1052 Marrow-stem cabbage or Marrow-stem kale 

Brassica oleracea L., convar, acephala (D.C.) Alef, var. medullosa Thell. 

AM 0738 Mint hay 

AM 0353 Pineapple fodder 

AV 0353 Pineapple forage 

AV 0596 Sugar beet leaves or tops 

109

Beta vulgaris L., var. saccharifera; 

syn: B. vulgaris L., var. altissima 

AM 0659 Sugar cane fodder 

Saccharum officinarum L. 

AV 0659 Sugar cane forage 

AM 0497 Swedish turnip or Swede fodder 

Brassica napus L., var. napobrassica (L.) Rchb.; 

syn: B. napobrassica (L.) Mill. 

AM 0506 Turnip fodder 

B. campestris L., ssp. rapifera (Metzg) Sinsk; 

syn: B. rapa L., var. rapa 

AV 0506 Turnip leaves or tops 

110

CLASS D AND E PROCESSED FOODS 

The term “processed food” means the product, resulting from the application of physical, chemical or 

biological processes or combinations of these to a “primary food commodity”, intended for direct sale to the 

consumer, for direct use as an ingredient in the manufacture of food or for further processing. 

“Primary food commodities” treated with ionizing radiation, washed, sorted or submitted to similar treatment 

are not considered to be “processed foods”. 

CLASS D PROCESSED FOODS OF PLANT ORIGIN 

TYPE 12 SECONDARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF PLANT ORIGIN 

The term “secondary food commodity” means a “primary food commodity” which has undergone simple 

processing, such as removal of certain portions, drying (except natural drying), husking, and comminution, 

which do not basically alter the composition or identity of the product. Natural field dried mature crops or 

parts of crops such as pulses, bulb onions or cereal grains are not considered as secondary food 

commodities. 

Secondary food commodities may be processed further or used as ingredients in the manufacture of food or 

sold directly to the consumer. 

Dried fruits 

Class D 

Type 12 Secondary food commodities of plant origin 

Group 055 Group Letter Code DF 

Group 055: Dried fruits. The commodities of this group are in general artificially dried. They may or may not 

be preserved or candied with addition of sugars. 

Exposure to pesticides may arise from pre-harvest applications, post-harvest treatment of the fruits before 

processing, or treatment of the dried fruit to avoid losses during transport and wholesale or retail distribution. 


removal of stones, but the residue is calculated on the whole commodity. 

Group 055 Dried fruits 


DF 0167 Dried fruits 

DF 0014 Prunes 

Prunus domestica L. 

DF 0226 Apples, dried 


DF 0240 Apricots, dried 

Prunus armeniaca L.; 

syn: Armeniaca vulgaris Lamarck 

DF 5257 Currants 

1. Seedless blue grape var., dried, see Dried grapes Vitis vinifera L., var. 

111

2. See Currants, Black, Red, White, Group 004 Berries and other small fruits 

DF 0269 Dried grapes (= Currants, Raisins and Sultanas) 

Vitis vinifera L., var. corinthiaca and var. apyrena 

DF 5259 Dried vine fruits, see Dried grapes 

DF 0295 Dates, dried or dried and candied 

Phoenix dactylifera L. 

DF 0297 Figs, dried or dried and candied 

Ficus carica L. 

DF 5261 Muscatel, see Dried grapes 

DF 5263 Raisins (seedless white grape var., partially dried), see Dried grapes 


DF 5265 Sultanas, see Dried grapes 

112

Dried vegetables 

Class D 


Group 056 Group Letter Code DV 

Group 056, Dried vegetables. The commodities of this group are in general artificially dried and often 

comminuted. 

Exposure to pesticides is from pre-harvest applications and/or treatment of the dry commodities. 

The entire commodity may be consumed after soaking or boiling. 



Group 056 Dried vegetables 


DV 0168 Dried vegetables 

113

Dried herbs 

Class D 

Type 12 Secondary food commodities of Plant origin 

Group 057 Group Letter Code DH 

Group 057, Dried herbs. The commodities of this group are in general artificially dried and often comminuted. 

For the commodities in the “fresh” state see Group 027 Herbs. 

Exposure to pesticides is from pre-harvest applications and/or treatment of the dry commodities. 

They are consumed in the dried form or soaked as a condiment in food commodities of plant or animal origin 

or in drinks, generally in small amounts. 



Group 057 Dried herbs 


DH 0170 Dried herbs 

DH 0720 Angelica, including Garden Angelica, dry 

Angelica sylvestris L.; A. archangelica L. 

DH 0721 Balm leaves, dry 

Melissa officinalis L. 

DH 0722 Basil, dry 

Ocimum basilicum L. 

DH 0723 Bay leaves, dry 

Laurus nobilis L. 

DH 0724 Borage, dry 

Borago officinalis L. 

DH 0728 Burning bush, dry 

Dictamnus albus L. ; 

syn: D. fraxinella Pers. 

DH 0726 Catmint, dry 

Nepeta cataria L. 

DH 0624 Celery leaves, dry 

Apium graveolens L. 

DH 5269 Cretan Dittany, dry, see Burning bush, dry 

DH 0731 Fennel, dry 


syn: F. officinale All.; F capillaceum Gilib. 

DH 1100 Hops, dry 

Humulus lupulus L. 

114

DH 0732 Horehound, dry 

Marrubium vulgare L. 

DH 0733 Hyssop, dry 

Hyssopus officinalis 

DH 0734 Lavender, dry 

Lavendula angustifolia Mill.; 

syn: L. officinalis Chaix; L. spica L.; L. vera DC. 

DH 0735 Lovage, dry 


DH 0736 Marjoram, dry 

Marjorana hortensis Moench.; 

syn: Origanum marjorana L.; Origanum vulgare L. 

DH 0738 Mints, dry 

Several Mint species and hybrids and Pulegium vulgare Mill; 

(see also individual Mints, Group 027 Herbs) 

DH 5271 Oregano (= Wild Marjoram), dry, see Marjoram 

Origanum vulgare L. 

DH 0741 Rosemary, dry 

Rosmarinus officinalis L. 

DH 0742 Rue, dry 

Ruta graveolens L. 

DH 0743 Sage, dry 

Salvia officinalis L.; S. sclarea L. 

DH 0745 Savory, Summer; Winter, dry 

Satureja hortensis L.; S montana L. 

DH 0747 Sweet cicely, dry 

Myrrhis odorata (L.) Scop. 

DH 0748 Tansy and related species, dry 

Tanacetum vulgare L.; T balsamita L. ; 

syn: Chrysanthemum balsamita L. 

DH 0750 Thyme, dry 

a.o. Thymus vulgaris L.; Th. serpyllum L. and Thymus hybrids. 

DH 0752 Wintergreen leaves, dry 

Gaultheria procumbens L. 

(not including herbs of the Wintergreen family Pyrolaceae) 

DH 0753 Woodruff, dry 

Asperula odorata L. 

DH 0754 Wormwoods, dry 

Artemisia absinthium L.; A. abrotanum L.; A. vulgaris L. 

115

Milled cereal products (early milling stages) 

Class D 


Group 058 Group Letter Code CM 

For final milling fractions, whether processed or not, see Group 065 Cereal grain milling fractions 

Group 058. Milled cereal products (early milling stages). The group includes the early milling of fractions of 

cereal grains, except buckwheat, cañihua and quinoa, such as husked rice, polished rice and the 

unprocessed cereal grain brans. 

Exposure to pesticides is through pre-harvest treatments of the growing cereal grain crop and especially 

through post-harvest treatment of cereal grains. 

The entire commodity may be consumed after further processing or household preparation. 



Note: In view of the number of related commodities in this group some extra code numbers had to be used, 

not related to the primary food commodity from which the processed commodity concerned is prepared. 

Reference to the additional code numbers is given with the primary food commodity where it is listed for the 

first time in the Classification. 

Group 058 Milled cereal products (early milling stages) 


CM 0081 Bran, unprocessed of cereal grain 

(except buckwheat, cañihua and quinoa) 

CM 1206 Rice bran, unprocessed 

CM 0649 Rice, husked 

CM 1205 Rice, polished 

CM 0650 Rye bran, unprocessed 

CM 0654 Wheat bran, unprocessed 

116

Miscellaneous secondary food commodities of plant origin 

Class D 


Group 059 Group Letter Code SM 

Portion of commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity. 

Group 059 Miscellaneous secondary food commodities of plant origin 


SM 0716 Coffee beans, roasted 

117

TYPE 13 DERIVED EDIBLE PRODUCTS OF PLANT ORIGIN 

“Derived edible products” are foods or edible substances isolated from primary food commodities or raw 

agricultural commodities, not intended for human consumption as such, using physical, biological or 

chemical processing. 

This type of processed food includes groups such as vegetable oils (crude and refined), by-products of the 

fractionation of cereals, fruit juices, teas (fermented and dried), cocoa powder and by-products of cocoa 

manufacturing, and extracts of various plants. 

Cereal grain milling fractions 

Class D 

Type 13 Derived products of Plant origin 

Group 065 Group Letter Code CF 

Group 065. Cereal grain milling fractions includes milling fractions of cereal grains at the final stage of milling 

and preparation in the fractions. The group also include the processed brans, as prepared for direct 

consumption. 


Note: In view of the number of related commodities in this group some extra code numbers had to be used, 

not related to the primary food commodity from which the commodity concerned is prepared. 



Group 065 Cereal grain milling fractions 


CF 0081 Cereal brans, processed 

CF 5273 Corn flour, see Maize flour 

CF 5275 Corn meal, see Maize meal 

CF 1255 Maize flour 

CF 0645 Maize meal 

CF 0649 Rice bran, processed 

CF 0650 Rye bran, processed 

CF 1250 Rye flour 

CF 1251 Rye wholemeal 

CF 0654 Wheat bran, processed 

CF 1210 Wheat germ 

CF 1211 Wheat flour 

118

CF 1212 Wheat wholemeal 

119

Teas 

Class D 

Type 13 Derived edible products of plant origin 

Group 066 Group Letter Code DT 

Teas, Group 066, are derived from the leaves of several plants, principally Camellia sinensis. 

They are used mainly in a fermented and dried form or only as dried leaves for the preparation of infusions, 

which are used as beverages. 

Newly grown vegetative shoots (terminal bud and 2-3 leaves) of tea are plucked, withered, twisted and 

comminuted and thereafter, in general, fermented and dried. 

Teas made from other plants are often prepared in a similar way. 

Portion of commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity as prepared 

for wholesale or retail distribution. 

Group 066 Teas 


DT 0171 Teas (Tea and Herb teas) 

DT 1110 Camomile or Chamomile 

- Matricaria recutita L. ; 

syn: M. chamomilla auct. 

- Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.; 

syn: Anthemis nobilis L. 

DT 5277 Camomile, German or Scented, see Camomile 

Matricaria recutita L. ; 

syn: M. chamomilla auct. 

DT 5279 Camomile, Roman or Noble, see Camomile 

Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.; 

syn: Anthemis nobilis L. 

DT 1111 Lemon verbena (dry leaves) 

Lippia citriodora H.B. & K.; 

syn: L. triphylla L’Herb. 

DT 1112 Lime blossoms 

Tilia cordata Mill., syn: T. ulmifolia Scop.; 

T. parvifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Tilia Platyphyllos Scop.; 

syn: T. grandifolia Ehrh. ex Hoffm. 

DT 1113 Maté (dry leaves) 

Ilex paraguensis D. Don. ; 

syn: I. paraguariensis St. Hill. 

DT 5281 Mayweed, Scented, see Camomile, German 

DT 5283 Paraguay tea, see Maté 

120

DT 5285 Peppermint tea (succulent or dry leaves), see Peppermint, Group 027: Herbs 

DT 0446 Roselle (calyx and flowers), dry 

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. 

DT 1114 Tea, Green, Black (black, fermented and dried) 

Camellia sinensis (L.) O Kuntze, several cultivars; 

syn: C. thea Link; C. theifera Griff.; Thea sinensis L.; 

T. bohea L. ; T. viridis L. 

121

Vegetable oils, crude 

Class D 


Group 067 Group Letter Code OC 

Group 067. Vegetable oils, crude, includes the crude vegetable oils derived from oil seed Group 023, tropical 

and sub-tropical oil-containing fruits such as olives, and some pulses (e.g. soya bean, dry). For the definition 

and characteristics of Olive oil, crude see Codex Stan. 33-1981. The crude oils are used as constituents of 

compounded animal feeds or further processed (refined, clarified). See Group 068, Vegetable oils, edible (or 

refined). 

Exposure to pesticides is through pre-harvest treatment of the relevant crops or post-harvest treatment of the 

oilseeds or oil-containing pulses. 


for wholesale distribution. 

Group 067 Vegetable oils, crude 


OC 0172 Vegetable oils, crude 

OC 5289 Corn oil, crude, see Maize oil, crude 

OC 0691 Cotton seed oil, crude 

OC 0665 Coconut oil, crude 

OC 0645 Maize oil, crude 

OC 0305 Olive oil, crude 

OC 0696 Palm oil, crude 

made from the fleshy fruit mesocarp of Elaeis guineensis Jacq., see Codex Stan. 

125-1981. 

OC 1240 Palm kernel oil, crude 

made from the kernels of the fruits of Elaeis guineensis Jacq., see Codex Stan. 

126-1981. 

OC 0697 Peanut oil, crude 

OC 0495 Rape seed oil, crude 

OC 0699 Safflower seed oil, crude 

OC 0700 Sesame seed oil, crude 

OC 0541 Soya bean oil, crude 

OC 0702 Sunflower seed oil, crude 

122

Vegetable oils, edible (or refined) 

Class D 


Group 068 Group Letter Code OR 

Group 068. Vegetable oils, edible (or refined) include the vegetable oils derived from oil seed, Group 023, 

tropical and sub-tropical oil-containing fruits such as olives, and some pulses with a high oil content. The 

edible oils are derived from the crude oils through a refining and/or clarifying process. For definitions and 

characteristics of the edible oils listed below, see Codex Stan. 20-27 (inclusive), 33, 124 and 126 (inclusive) - 

1981. 

Exposure to pesticides is through pre-harvest treatment of the relevant crops, or post-harvest treatment of 

the oilseeds and oil containing pulses. 



Group 068 Vegetable oils, edible (or refined) 


OR 0172 Vegetable oils, edible 

OR 5291 Corn oil, edible, see Maize oil, edible 

OR 0691 Cotton seed oil, edible 

OR 0665 Coconut oil, refined 

OR 0645 Maize oil, edible 

OR 0305 Olive oil, refined, as defined in Codex Stan. 33-1981 

OR 5330 Olive, residue oil, as defined in Codex Stan. 33-1981, see Olive oil, refined 

OR 0696 Palm oil, edible 

OR 1240 Palm kernel oil, edible 

OR 0697 Peanut oil, edible 

OR 0495 Rape seed oil, edible 

OR 0699 Safflower seed oil, edible 

OR 0700 Sesame seed oil, edible 

OR 0541 Soya bean oil, refined 

OR 0702 Sunflower seed oil, edible 

123

Miscellaneous derived edible products of plant origin 

Class D 


Group 069 Group Letter Code DM 

Group 069. Miscellaneous derived edible products include various intermediate products in the manufacture 

of edible food products. Some of these are used for further processing and not consumed as food or feed as 

such. 


Note: In view of the number of related commodities in this group extra code numbers had to be used, not 

related to the primary food commodity from which the intermediate product is prepared. 



Group 069 Miscellaneous derived edible products of plant origin 


DM 0001 Citrus molasses 

DM 1215 Cocoa butter 

DM 1216 Cocoa mass 

DM 0715 Cocoa powder 

DM 0305 Olives, processed 

DM 0658 Sorghum molasses 

DM 0596 Sugar beet molasses 

DM 0659 Sugar cane molasses 

124

Fruit juices 

Class D 


Group 070 Group Letter Code JF 

Fruit juices, Group 070, are pressed from various mature fruits, either from the whole fruits or from the pulp 

(Type 1 and fruits from Fruiting vegetables, Group 011 and 012). A small amount of preserving agent(s) may 

be added to the juices during processing. The juices are often prepared for international trade in a 

concentrated form which is reconstituted for wholesale or retail distribution to about the original juice 

concentration as obtained by the pressing process. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity (not 

concentrated) or commodity reconstituted to the original juice concentration. 

Group 070 Fruit juices 


JF 0175 Fruit juices 

JF 0001 Citrus juice 

JF 0004 Orange juice 

JF 0226 Apple juice 

JF 5293 Cassis, see Black currant juice 

JF 1140 Black currant juice 

JF 0269 Grape juice 

JF 0203 Grapefruit juice 

JF 0341 Pineapple juice 

JF 0448 Tomato juice 

125

By-products, used for animal feeding purposes, derived from fruit and vegetable processing 

Class D 


Group 071 Group Letter Code AB 

Group 071. The commodities of this group are by-products derived from Fruit and vegetable processing 

which are mainly used for animal feeding purposes either as a part of the ration of livestock animals as such, 

or as an element in the manufacture of compounded feeds. The commodities are prepared, in general, in a 

dry form for wholesale or retail distribution. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity. Residues 

in “wet” commodities of this group should be expressed on a “dry-weight” basis; see explanation in 

Group 050, Legume animal feeds. 

Group 071 By-products, used for animal feeding purposes, derived from fruit and vegetable 

processing 


AB 0001 Citrus pulp, dry 

Citrus spp. 

AB 0226 Apple pomace, dry 


AB 0269 Grape pomace, dry 


AB 0596 Sugar beet pulp, dry 

Beta vulgaris L., var. saccharifera; 

syn: B. vulgaris L., var. altissima 

AB 1201 Sugar beet pulp, wet 

Residues in the wet pulp to be expressed on a dry weight basis 

126

TYPE 14 MANUFACTURED FOODS (SINGLE-INGREDIENT) OF PLANT ORIGIN 

Class D 

Type 14 Manufactured Foods (single-ingredient) of plant origin 

The term “single-ingredient manufactured food” means a “processed food” which consists of one identifiable 

food ingredient, with or without packing medium or minor ingredients, such as flavouring agents, spices and 

condiments, and which is normally pre-packaged and ready for consumption with or without cooking. 

127

TYPE 15 MANUFACTURED FOODS (MULTI-INGREDIENT) OF PLANT ORIGIN 

The term “multi-ingredient manufactured food” means a processed food, consisting of more than one major 

ingredient. 

A multi-ingredient food consisting of ingredients of both plant and animal origin will be included in this type if 

the ingredients(s) of plant origin is (are) predominant. 

Manufactured multi-ingredient cereal products 

Class D 

Type 15 Manufactured foods (multi-ingredient) of plant origin 

Group 078 Group Letter Code CP 

The commodities of this group are manufactured with several ingredients; products derived from cereal 

grains however form the major ingredient. 



Group 078 Manufactured multi-ingredient cereal products 


CP 0179 Bread and other cooked cereal products 

CP 5295 Corn bread, see Maize bread 

CP 0645 Maize bread 

CP 1250 Rye bread 

CP 1211 White bread 

CP 1212 Wholemeal bread 

128

CLASS E PROCESSED FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 

Definition, see Class D. 

TYPE 16 SECONDARY FOOD COMMODITIES OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 

The term “secondary food commodity” means a “primary food commodity” which has undergone simple 

processing, such as removal of certain portions, drying, and comminution, which do not basically alter the 

composition or identity of the commodity. 

Secondary food commodities may be processed further, or used as ingredients in the manufacture of food, or 

sold directly to the consumer. 

This type of processed food includes groups of processed primary food commodities of animal origin which 

have undergone simple processing, such as processed mammalian meat and poultry meat, fishes and other 

aquatic animals, e.g. dried meat, dried fish. 

Dried meat and fish products 

Class E 

Type 16 Secondary food commodities of animal origin 

Group 080 Group Letter Code MD 

Group 080. Dried meat and fish products, includes natural or artificial dried meat products and dried fishes, 

mainly marine fishes. Most of the dried fishes are naturally dried (wind and sun). For convenience other 

marine animals, whether or not fishes or Crustaceans, are classified in this group. 

The entire commodity may be consumed, either as such or after processing (e.g. dried fish). 



Group 080 Dried meat and fish products 


MD 0095 Meat, dried (from mammals other than marine mammals) 

MD 0180 Dried fish 

MD 0120 Diadromous fish, dried 

MD 0127 Flat-fishes, dried 

(see Group 042, Subgroup 0127) 

MD 0125 Marine fish, dried 

MD 0126 Stockfish (= dried Cod and Cod-like fishes) 

(see Group 042, Subgroup WS 0126) 

MD 0812 Cattle meat, dried (including dried and smoked) 

MD 0816 Horse meat, dried (including dried and smoked) 

MD 0818 Pig meat, dried (including dried and smoked) 

129

MD 5297 Beche-de-mer, dried, see Sea-cucumbers, dried 

MD 0927 Cod, dried 

MD 0929 Dab or Common dab, dried 

MD 0935 Hakes, dried 

MD 0936 Halibut, dried 

MD 0940 Ling, dried 

MD 1010 Sea-cucumbers, dried 

130

Secondary milk products 

Class E 

Type 16 Secondary Food Commodities of animal origin Group 082 Group Letter Code 

LS 

Group 082, secondary milk products, includes milk products which have undergone simple processing such 

as removal or part removal of certain ingredients e.g. water, milk fat etc. The group and the commodities 

therein will only be used for pesticides which are not partitioned exclusively or nearly exclusively into the milk 

fat. 

The recommended system for expressing the MRLs for the fat-soluble pesticides in milk and milk products is 

explained in the introduction to CAC/Vol. XIII-Ed. 2. 

The group includes among others the following commodities as defined in the relevant Codex Standards, see 

CAC/Vol. XVI-Ed.1 (1984). The reference no. of the standard is indicated between brackets. 

Milk powders (whole, skimmed and partly skimmed) (Standard A-5 1971); evaporated milks (whole, 

skimmed) (Standard A-3 1971); skimmed milk. 

Specific commodities will be listed in this group with their code nos. according as the necessity for this 

arises. 


131

TYPE 17 DERIVED EDIBLE PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 

The term “Derived edible products” means foods or edible substances isolated from primary food 

commodities or raw agricultural commodities not intended for human consumption as such, using physical, 

biological and chemical processes. 

This type includes processed (rendered or extracted, possibly refined and/or clarified) fats from mammals, 

including aquatic mammals, poultry and aquatic organisms such as fishes. 

Crustaceans, processed 

Class E 

Type 17 Derived edible products of animal origin 

Group 084 Group Letter Code SC 

Group 084, Crustaceans, processed. Crustaceans are processed to a large extent before entering the 

national or international trade channels. 

Crabs, lobsters and shrimps or prawns are in general cooked directly after catching. Thereafter either the 

animals are deep-frozen with or without shell, or the meat without shell is canned, with or without a packing 

medium. The latter may consist of water, salt, lemon juice and sugars. 

Shrimps or prawns may also be “parboiled” and thereafter deep-frozen. 

According to the relevant Codex Standards, namely 92-1981, and 95-1981 “cooked” means heated for a 

period of time such that the thermal centre reaches a temperature adequate to coagulate the protein and 

“parboiled” means heated for a period of such time that the surface of the product reaches a temperature 

adequate to coagulate the protein at the surface but inadequate to coagulate the protein at the thermal 

centre. 

The cooked commodities are in general subjected to deep-freezing directly after cooking or the cooking is 

part of the canning process. 

The designation cooked after the commodity may include any of the processes mentioned except the 

parboiled and deep-frozen shrimps or prawns. 

The entire commodity except the shell may be consumed. 

Portion of the commodity to which the MRL applies (and which is analysed): Whole commodity (especially 

with the small sized species) or the cooked meat without shell as prepared for wholesale or retail 

distribution. 

For commodity description and scientific family or species names see Group 045, Crustaceans. 

Group 084 Crustaceans, processed 


SC 0143 Crustaceans, cooked 

SC 0144 Freshwater crustaceans, cooked 

SC 0145 Marine crustaceans, cooked 

SC 0146 Crabmeat, cooked 

132

SC 0976 Freshwater crayfishes, cooked 

SC 0977 Freshwater shrimps or prawns, cooked 

SC 0978 Lobsters (including Lobster meat), cooked 

SC 0979 Shrimps or Prawns, cooked 

SC 1220 Shrimps or Prawns, parboiled 

133

Animal fats, processed 

Class E 


Group 085 Group Letter Code FA 

The group 085, processed animal fats, includes rendered or extracted (possibly refined and/or clarified) fats 

from land and aquatic mammals and poultry and fats and oils derived from fishes. 



Group 085 Animal fats, processed 


FA 0096 Tallow and lard from cattle, goats, horses, pigs and sheep 

(lard only from pigs) 

FA 0111 Poultry fats, processed 

FA 0142 Processed Fat (Blubber), of Whales, Dolphins and Sales 

FA 0810 Buffalo tallow 

Bubalis bubalis L.; 



FA 0811 Camel tallow 

Camelus bactrianus L. ; C. dromedarius L.; 

Lama glama L.; L. pacos L. 

FA 0812 Cattle tallow (including processed suet) 

Bos taurus L.; 

see further Group 037, no. MM 0812 

FA 0814 Goat tallow 

Capra hircus L.; other Capra spp. 

FA 0816 Horse tallow 

Equus caballus L. 

FA 0818 Lard (of pigs) 

among others Sus domesticus Erxleben; other Sus spp. and ssp. 

FA 0822 Sheep tallow 

Ovis aries L.; other Ovis spp. 

FA 0972 Whales, Blubber of, processed 

FA 0840 Chicken fat, processed 

Gallus gallus L.; other Gallus spp. 

FA 0841 Duck fat, processed 

Anas platyrhynchos L.; other Anas spp. 

134

FA 0842 Goose fat, processed 

Anser anser L.; other Anser spp. 

FA 0848 Turkey fat, processed 

Meleagris gallopavo L. 

135

Milk fats 

Class E 


Group 086 Group Letter Code FM 

Group 086. Milk fats are the fatty ingredients derived from the milk of various mammals. 


Group 086 Milk fats 


FM 0183 Milk fats 

(from milk of Buffalo, Camel, Cattle, Goat or Sheep) 

FM 0810 Buffalo milk fat 

Bubalis bubalis L.; 

Syncerus caffer Sparrman; Bison bison L. 

FM 0811 Camel milk fat 

Camelus bactrianus L. ; C. dromedarius L.; 

Lama glama L.; L. pacos L. 

FM 0812 Cattle milk fat 

Bos taurus L.; see further Group 037 no. MM 0812 

FM 0814 Goat milk fat 

Capra hircus L.; other Capra spp. 

FM 0822 Sheep milk fat 

Ovis aries L.; other Ovis spp. 

136

Derived milk products 

Class E 

Type 17 Derived edible products of Animal Origin 

Group 087 Group Letter Code LD 

Group 087: Derived milk products, includes food or edible substances isolated from the primary food 

commodity cattle milk, or milks from other mammals, using physical, biological and chemical processes. This 

group and the commodities therein will only be used if necessary for pesticides which are not partitioned 

exclusively or nearly exclusively into the milk fat. For further explanation, see Group 082. 

This group include among others the following food commodities, as defined in the relevant Codex 

Standards, see CAC/Vol. XXI, Ed-1 (1984): Butter, whey butter, both in Standard A-1 (1971): Butteroil, 

anhydrous butteroil, both in Standard A-2 (1973): Cream, Standard A-9 (1976): Cream powders (half cream, 

high fat), Standard A-10 (1971): Edible acid casein, Standard A-12 (1976): Edible caseinates, Standard A-13 

(1976). 


arises. 


137

TYPE 18 MANUFACTURED FOOD (SINGLE-INGREDIENT) OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 

The term “single ingredient manufactured food” means a processed food which consists of one identifiable 

food ingredient, with or without packing medium or minor ingredients such as flavouring agents, spices and 

condiments, and which is normally pre-packaged and ready for consumption, with or without cooking. 

Manufactured milk products (single ingredient) 

Class E 

Type 18 Manufactured Food (single ingredient) of animal origin 

Group 090 Group Letter Code LI 

Group 090 and the commodities therein will only be used, if the necessity arises, for pesticides which are not 

partitioned exclusively or nearly exclusively into the milk fat. For further explanation see Group 082. 

This group include among others the following food commodities, as defined in the relevant Codex Standards 

(indicated between brackets): Yoghurt (Codex Standard A-11(a) 1975): Cheeses, individually named (Codex 

Standard A-6 1978 and Standard C-1 (1966-1978). 


arises. 



138

TYPE 19 MANUFACTURED FOOD (MULTI-INGREDIENT) OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 

The term “multi-ingredient manufactured food” means a processed food consisting of more than one major 

ingredient. 

A multi-ingredient food consisting of ingredients of both animal and plant origin will be included in this type if 

the ingredient(s) of animal origin is (are) predominant. 

Manufactured milk products (multi-ingredient) 

Class E 

Type 19 Manufactured food (multi-ingredient) of animal origin 

Group 092 Group Letter Code LM 

Group 092 and the commodities therein will only be used in the classification if necessary for pesticides 

which are not partitioned exclusively or nearly exclusively into the milk fat. For further explanation see Group 

082. 

This group includes among others the following commodities, as defined in the relevant Codex Standards, 

see CAC/Vol XVI, Ed-1 (1984): Processed Cheese products, Codex Standard A-8(a) and A-8(b) (1978): 

Processed Cheese preparations, Standard A-8(c) (1978): Flavoured yoghurt, Standard A-11(b) (1976): 

Sweetened condensed milk, Standard A-4 (1971). 


arises. 



139

BIBILIOGRAPHY 

In addition to several taxonomic handbooks and guides dealing with specific botanical and zoological families 

the following references among others were consulted. 

Australia, Dept. of Primary Industry, 1981 

Definitions and Classification of Foods and Food Groups, Document PB 413 

Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra 

Bailey, L.A., 1958, The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture, 2 nd edition, 17 th printing 3 vols. 

The MacMillan Co., New York 

CIBA-GEIGY, 1975 CITRUS, Häfliger E., Ed. Technical Monograph No. 4. 

CIBA-GEIGY Agrochemicals, Basle Switserland 1-88 

Codex Alimentarius Commission 

C.A.C. 1981a Codex Standards for Processed Fruits and Vegetables and Edible Fungi, 

CAC/Vol. II - Ed. 1 

Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Rome 


C.A.C. 1981b Codex Standards for Processed Meat and Poultry Products and Soups 

and Broth, CAC/Vol. IV - Ed. 1 



C.A.C. 1981c Codex Standards for Fish and Fishery Products, CAC/Vol. V - Ed. 1 



C.A.C. 1981d Codex Standards for Cocoa Products and Chocolate, CAC/Vol. VII - Ed. 1 



C.A.C. 1981e Codex Standards for Quick-frozen Fruits and Vegetables, CAC/Vol. VIII - 

Ed. 1 



C.A.C. 1984 Code of Principles Concerning Milk and Milk products, 8 th edition. 

International Standards for Milk Products and International Individual Standards for 

Cheeses CAC/Vol. XVI, Ed-1. 


C.A.C./RCP 7-1974 (1975) Recommended International System for the Description of 

Carcases of Bovine and Porcine Species and Recommended International Description 

of Cutting Methods of Commercial Units of Beef, Veal, Lamb and Mutton, and Pork 

Moving in International Trade 


FAO 1981, Yearbook of Fisher Statistics Vol. 50 and 58 

1984 FAO Fisheries Series No. 16 and 25 

FAO Statistics Series No. 38 and 65 

140

FAO, Rome 

FAO-Agris 1979. Codebook Agris Terminology and Codes 

FAO, Rome 

(see also Prince-Perciballi 1983) 

FAO 1983 Plants and Plant products 

FAO terminology bulletin 25/1 pp. 1-328 

Göhl, B., 1981, Tropical Feeds 

FAO Animal Production and Health Series No. 12 

FAO, Rome 

Magness, J.R., Markle, G.M., and Compton, C.C., 1971 Food and Feed Crops of the United States I.R. 

Bulletin No. 1 

New Jersey Agr. Exp. Sta. 

College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University 

The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 

Mason, I.L., 1984. Evolution of Domesticated Animals 

Longman, London, New York 

Prince-Perciballi, I., 1983. Agris/Caris Categorization Scheme FAO/Agris - 3 (Rev. 4) 

Pursglove, J.W., 1987-1988 

Tropical Crops Dicotyledons 1-719 

Tropical Crops Monocotyledons 1-607 

Longman, London U.K. 

Reuther, W., Webber, H.J., and Batchelor, L.D., Eds. 1967 

The Citrus Industry Vol. I Revised Edition 

University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences 

Sánchez - Monge y Parellade, E., 1980 

Disccionario de Plantas Agricolas 

Ministerio de Agriculture, Servicio de Publicaciones Agrarias pp. 1-328 

Tanaka, T., 1976, Tanaka’s Cyclopedia of Edible Plants of the World: Nakao S., Ed. 

Keigako Publishing Co., Tokyo Japan 

Terrel, E.E. 1977 A checklist of names for 3000 vascular plants of economic importance. Agricultural 

handbook no. 505 

Agricultural Research Service USDA, Washington DC. 

Tidbury, G.E., 1983, CAB Thesaurus Vol. 1 (A-1) 

Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux Slough, England 

USA, 1983, Code of Federal Regulations 

Title 40 Protection of the Environment part 180. par. 180. 134. Tests on the amounts of 

residues remaining 

Federal Register, Special Edition 

Westphal, E., 1982, Tropical Pulses 

Agricultural University Wageningen, The Netherlands. 

Laboratory of Tropical Plant-breeding 

Zeven, A.C., and de Wet, J.M.J., 1982 

141

Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and Their Region of Diversity 

Pudoc, Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The 

Netherlands 

142

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