Annual Report of the State Botanist 1892 - MykoWeb
Annual Report of the State Botanist 1892 - MykoWeb
Annual Report of the State Botanist 1892 - MykoWeb
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[From thk 46th <strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> thk New York <strong>State</strong> Mubetjm op Natdrai, Histort.]
[From <strong>the</strong> 46th <strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> New York <strong>State</strong> Museum <strong>of</strong> Natural History.]<br />
ANNUAL REPORT<br />
OF THE<br />
STATE BOTANIST<br />
OF THE<br />
<strong>State</strong> <strong>of</strong> New York.<br />
Made to <strong>the</strong> Regents <strong>of</strong> tlie University, Pursuant to<br />
Chapter 355 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Laws <strong>of</strong> I883.<br />
By CHARLES H. PECK,<br />
ALBANY<br />
JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER.<br />
1893.<br />
:
<strong>State</strong> <strong>of</strong> New York.<br />
No. 41.<br />
IN S K N A T H,<br />
AlSTIsIUAL EEPORT<br />
January, 1893.<br />
OF THE<br />
state: botanist<br />
Office <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>, )<br />
Albany, Jcmuary, 1893. )<br />
To <strong>the</strong> Honorable <strong>the</strong> Regentfs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Unwersity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
New York :<br />
I have <strong>the</strong> honor to present to you my annual report for<br />
<strong>the</strong> year <strong>1892</strong>.<br />
Very respectfully.<br />
CHARLES H. PECK.
REPORT.<br />
To <strong>the</strong> Regents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>of</strong> New YorTc<br />
Gentlemen.— I have <strong>the</strong> honor <strong>of</strong> communicating to you <strong>the</strong><br />
following report <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> work <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong> for <strong>the</strong> year <strong>1892</strong>.<br />
Plant specimens have been collected in <strong>the</strong> counties <strong>of</strong> Albany,<br />
Essex, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Oneida, Queens, Rensse-<br />
laer, Saratoga, Suffolk, Ulster, Washington and Warren.<br />
Specimens have been contributed by correspondents who col-<br />
lected <strong>the</strong>m in <strong>the</strong> counties <strong>of</strong> Albany, Chenango, Essex,<br />
Onondaga,, Rensselaer, Richmond, Queens, Saratoga, Schenectady,<br />
Suffolk and Washington.<br />
The whole number <strong>of</strong> species represented by <strong>the</strong> specimens<br />
added to <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> Herbarium during <strong>the</strong> year is 338. Of <strong>the</strong>se<br />
24 are represented by contributed specimens, 314 by specimens<br />
collected by <strong>the</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. Of <strong>the</strong> species new to <strong>the</strong> Herbarium,<br />
81 in all, nine belong to <strong>the</strong> contributed specimens and 72 to those<br />
collected by <strong>the</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. Of <strong>the</strong> 81 species, <strong>the</strong>re are 30 <strong>of</strong><br />
which I find no satisfactory description, and <strong>the</strong>y are, <strong>the</strong>re-<br />
fore, described as new. These are all fungi, two <strong>of</strong> which belong<br />
to <strong>the</strong> contributed specimens, 28 to <strong>the</strong> collected. A list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
species <strong>of</strong> which specimens have been added to <strong>the</strong> Herbarium<br />
is marked A.<br />
Specimens <strong>of</strong> plants have been contributed by twenty-three<br />
persons. Among <strong>the</strong>se contributions are many specimens <strong>of</strong><br />
extra-limital species not included in <strong>the</strong> foregoing enumeration.<br />
A list <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> names <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> contributors and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir respective<br />
contributions is marked B.<br />
The record <strong>of</strong> species not before reported, toge<strong>the</strong>r with <strong>the</strong><br />
localities where <strong>the</strong> specimens were respectively collected, <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
habitats, remarks concerning <strong>the</strong>m and <strong>the</strong> descriptions <strong>of</strong> new<br />
species is marked C.<br />
To this is added a record <strong>of</strong> a few extra-limital species received<br />
from correspondents and considered new or worthy <strong>of</strong> special<br />
notice. These descriptions and remarks follow <strong>the</strong> letter D.<br />
:
6<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Notes and observations upon species previously reported,<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r with descriptions <strong>of</strong> new or interesting forms and<br />
varieties <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, are marked E. To this record 1 have added<br />
descriptions <strong>of</strong> our New York species <strong>of</strong> Pkiteolus and Galera.<br />
They are marked F.<br />
That <strong>the</strong>re is a growing demand for a better knowledge <strong>of</strong> our<br />
fungi, especially <strong>of</strong> those <strong>of</strong> economic importance, is ])lainly<br />
evident. The frequent inquiries received at <strong>the</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>Botanist</strong> concerning <strong>the</strong>m, and <strong>the</strong> numerous specimens sent to<br />
him for identification, are an evidence <strong>of</strong> this fact. The use <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> edible fleshy species for food is rapidly on <strong>the</strong> increase in<br />
this country, and yet very many who would gladly avail <strong>the</strong>m-<br />
selves <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> agreeable and nutritious diet afforded by our<br />
numerous esculent species are debarred from doing so by a lack<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> knowledge necessary for a proper discrimination between<br />
<strong>the</strong> good and <strong>the</strong> bad or worthless. "With this knowledge <strong>the</strong><br />
fear <strong>of</strong> being poisoned by <strong>the</strong> bad would no longer prevent <strong>the</strong><br />
use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> good. With it mam^ whose circumstances are such as<br />
to make it difficult or impossible to procure an adequate supply <strong>of</strong><br />
animal food mignt <strong>of</strong>ten obtain a very good substitute for it by<br />
<strong>the</strong> slight labor <strong>of</strong> ga<strong>the</strong>ring it in <strong>the</strong> fields and woods. European<br />
works on this subject are not readily available because <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>ir high price and are not generally satisfactory because <strong>the</strong><br />
species in this country are not wholly <strong>the</strong> same as in that ;<br />
or if<br />
<strong>the</strong> price is not great <strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> deficiency in <strong>the</strong> number and<br />
character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> illustrations is likely to be an objection. In<br />
view <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se facts it was very gratifying to me to receive from<br />
your <strong>of</strong>fice directions to prepare for publication full-size colored<br />
plates <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> edible and poisonous mushrooms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong>,<br />
toge<strong>the</strong>r with brief descriptions and notes. In accordance with<br />
<strong>the</strong>se directions thirty-six quarto plates, on which are repre<br />
sented fifty-nine edible species in natural size and color, have<br />
been prepared. Also, four plates representing in like manner<br />
three poisonous species. In all cases where it is important <strong>the</strong>se<br />
plates show both <strong>the</strong> young and <strong>the</strong> mature plant and <strong>the</strong> prin-<br />
cipal variations in color and shape. Yertical sections <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
plants are also depicted in order to show <strong>the</strong> internal structure<br />
and color, to which have been added, for <strong>the</strong> advantage <strong>of</strong><br />
students <strong>of</strong> mycology and o<strong>the</strong>rs who may be fortunate enough
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 7<br />
to possess a compound microscope, illustrations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fruit or<br />
spores <strong>of</strong> each 'species. These are uniformly magnified 400<br />
diameters.<br />
The manuscript designed to accompany <strong>the</strong> plates consists <strong>of</strong><br />
19 pages <strong>of</strong> legal note, 123 pages <strong>of</strong> descriptions and remarks,<br />
explanations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plates and two pages <strong>of</strong> index.<br />
With <strong>the</strong>se plates and <strong>the</strong>ir accompanying explanations,<br />
descriptions and remarks, it seems to me to be an easy matter<br />
for any one <strong>of</strong> ordinary intelligence, even though without any<br />
experience in such things, to recognize <strong>the</strong> species illustrated<br />
by <strong>the</strong>m. Of <strong>the</strong> 59 edible species illustrated, 40 at least<br />
have been used as food by myself and thus proved to my own<br />
satisfaction to be good and safe. Nearly all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> remainder<br />
have been ])roved by friends or correspondents in whom I have<br />
full confidence, and <strong>the</strong> few untried ones are such as are gener-<br />
ally recommended as edible by European works on this subject,<br />
and such as I would have no hesitation in eating if opportunity<br />
should be afforded. A few <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species are such as are not<br />
represented in European works or have not been classed as edible<br />
in <strong>the</strong>m, but in all <strong>the</strong>se cases <strong>the</strong>y have been proved by actual<br />
trial to be worthy <strong>of</strong> a place among our edible species.<br />
There yet remains in our flora a goodly number <strong>of</strong> reputed<br />
edible species which I have not tried for lack <strong>of</strong> opportunity,<br />
but it is my purpose to test <strong>the</strong>m as fast as opportunity is<br />
given. Eight species not included in <strong>the</strong> illustrations have<br />
been tried <strong>the</strong> past season. It is my purpose to continue <strong>the</strong><br />
illustration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se, and o<strong>the</strong>rs as fast as <strong>the</strong>y have been<br />
proved, until all our esculent species have been thus<br />
represented. The more I experiment in this direction<br />
<strong>the</strong> more firmly I am convinced that <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> really<br />
poisonous or dangerous species <strong>of</strong> mushrooms is very small.<br />
Probably <strong>the</strong>re is not a greater percentage <strong>of</strong> such species among<br />
<strong>the</strong> fleshy fungi than <strong>the</strong>re is <strong>of</strong> really dangerous or poisonous<br />
. species among flowering plants. But <strong>the</strong>re are many fungi<br />
which, though harmless, are not to be classed as edible, because<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir toughness, insipidity, unpleasant flavor or smallness<br />
<strong>of</strong> size.<br />
The plan <strong>of</strong> putting <strong>the</strong> illustrations <strong>of</strong> our edible mushrooms<br />
upon charts to be suspended upon <strong>the</strong> walls <strong>of</strong> our institutions <strong>of</strong>
8<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
learning seems to me to be a good one. In this way <strong>the</strong> stu-<br />
dents, by seeing <strong>the</strong>m from day to day, would become familiar<br />
with <strong>the</strong> general appearance <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species, and would recognize<br />
<strong>the</strong>m at once if <strong>the</strong>y should see <strong>the</strong> plants <strong>the</strong>mselves growing<br />
in <strong>the</strong>ir native places. There would probably be kindled in <strong>the</strong><br />
minds <strong>of</strong> some, at least, an earnest desire to know more <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
interesting and useful ]3lants, and <strong>the</strong>y would thus be led to<br />
acquire a more extended knowledge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. If <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong><br />
our esculent species should be thought too great for such chart<br />
representation, any desired number <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> more common and<br />
important species might be selected for this purpose. If <strong>the</strong><br />
outla}' necessary to place charts in aU <strong>the</strong> district schools should<br />
seem too great, <strong>the</strong>y might be placed at first in <strong>the</strong> high schools<br />
and academies by way <strong>of</strong> experiment.<br />
The vegetation that grows so pr<strong>of</strong>usely in <strong>the</strong> shallow water<br />
at <strong>the</strong> head <strong>of</strong> Lake Champlain and along its shores and dykes<br />
seemed to me to be worthy <strong>of</strong> examination. This was given<br />
early in July. Much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> woody growth consists <strong>of</strong> willows,<br />
<strong>of</strong> which <strong>the</strong> most abundant are <strong>the</strong> black willow, Salix nigra,<br />
<strong>the</strong> shining willow, 8. lucida, <strong>the</strong> glaucous willow, S. discolor, <strong>the</strong><br />
heart-leaved willow, S. cordata. and <strong>the</strong> brittle willow, S.fragilis.<br />
AU except <strong>the</strong> last are indigenous species. The green ash,<br />
Fraxinus viridis, <strong>the</strong> silver maple, Acer dasycarpum, and <strong>the</strong> red<br />
maple A. ruhrum, are also plentiful. Although <strong>the</strong>se are<br />
moisture-loving plants, too much water seems to be an injury<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than a benefit to some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m at least. Their roots and<br />
<strong>the</strong> soil in wMch <strong>the</strong>y grow are submerged much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> time, yet<br />
<strong>the</strong> leaves <strong>of</strong> many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m are unusually small. This was<br />
especially noticeable in <strong>the</strong> black willow, <strong>the</strong> shining willow and<br />
<strong>the</strong> heart-leaved willow. Their peculiar habitat seems also to<br />
retard development. The reddish-brown color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> young<br />
leaves <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heart-leaved willow and <strong>the</strong> maples was conspicuous<br />
even in July. The spiked loosestrife, Lythrum Salicaria, an<br />
introduced plant which is abundant in <strong>the</strong> lower part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Hudson river valley, was groAving freely in <strong>the</strong> margin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
lake. This is a new station for it and <strong>the</strong> most nor<strong>the</strong>rn one in<br />
<strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong>, though it is said to grow about <strong>the</strong> quarantine grounds<br />
<strong>of</strong> Quebec. The great bullrush, Seir^^u.-; validu.^!, <strong>the</strong> river club-<br />
rush, Scirj)us fluviatilis, and <strong>the</strong> sweet flag. Acorns Calainus,
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 9<br />
occupy much <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shallow water space, sometimes growing<br />
intermingled and again each maintaining exclusive possession<br />
over large areas. Such plants as <strong>the</strong> water persicaria, Polygonum<br />
a7nphibiu7n, in which <strong>the</strong> leaves were <strong>of</strong>ten two inches wide and<br />
four or five inches long, and <strong>the</strong> swamp dock, Rumex verti-<br />
cillatus, were apparently intent on obtaining as much food as<br />
possible from <strong>the</strong>ir watery habitat, for <strong>the</strong>y had emitted a dense<br />
whorl <strong>of</strong> rootlets from each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower joints <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> submerged<br />
stem.<br />
Our native wild roses and wild asters have been <strong>the</strong> source <strong>of</strong><br />
considerable perplexity to botanists by reason <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> variability<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species. Some special attention has been given to <strong>the</strong>se<br />
plants <strong>the</strong> past summer and autumn. Our native roses are easily<br />
divided into two groups, one <strong>of</strong> which is easily recognized by<br />
<strong>the</strong> naked pedicels and receptacles and by <strong>the</strong> persistent lobes<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> calyx ; <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r, b}'' <strong>the</strong> glandular pedicles and receptacles<br />
and <strong>the</strong> deciduous lobes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> calyx. The bland or early wild<br />
rose, Rosa hlanda, has hi<strong>the</strong>rto been considered our only repre-<br />
sentative <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first group, but two roses have been found on<br />
<strong>the</strong> mountains and along <strong>the</strong> highways in <strong>the</strong> eastern part <strong>of</strong><br />
Essex county which correspond to <strong>the</strong> description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two<br />
we&tern roses, R. Engelnianni and R. Sayi, which also belong to<br />
this group. These have <strong>the</strong> stems, and usually <strong>the</strong> branches also,<br />
densely clo<strong>the</strong>d with prickles intermingled with some straight<br />
slender spines, a feature by which <strong>the</strong>y may at a glance be dis-<br />
tinguished from ordinary forms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bland rose. They scarcely<br />
differ from each o<strong>the</strong>r except in <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fruit which is<br />
globose in <strong>the</strong> specimens referred to Say's rose, and oblong<br />
elliptical or ovate in those referred to Engelmann's rose. The<br />
bland rose which usually has stems entirely destitute <strong>of</strong> prickles<br />
or spines, sometimes occurs with ])rickles toward <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
stems, but I have seen no specimens with spines.<br />
The Carolinian or swamp rose, Rosa Carolina, so far as my<br />
observation goes, is most satisfactorily recognized by <strong>the</strong> teeth<br />
on <strong>the</strong> margin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leaflets. These are decidedly smaller and<br />
finer than those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leaflets <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r species <strong>of</strong> its group.<br />
The stem is sometimes furnished with prickles, sometimes des-<br />
titute <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m. This is <strong>the</strong> only species <strong>of</strong> wild rose that I have<br />
found in <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Adirondack wilderness. It flowers<br />
<strong>1892</strong>. 2
10<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
<strong>the</strong>re about one month later than on Long Island. Of <strong>the</strong> two<br />
remaining species <strong>of</strong> this group, <strong>the</strong> shining rose, Rosa lucida,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> dwarf rose, R. humilis^ <strong>the</strong> extreme forms are easily<br />
recognized ; <strong>the</strong> former by its tall stout stem, stout spines and<br />
dark-green shining leaves ; <strong>the</strong> latter, by its low slender growth,<br />
straight, slender spines, thinner leaves and fewer flowers ; but all<br />
manner <strong>of</strong> intermediate forms occur wliich are very perplexing<br />
and which seem to connect <strong>the</strong> two.<br />
Among our wild asters several interesting forms and varieties<br />
have been collected. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most notable <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se variations<br />
have been found to occur in <strong>the</strong> prenanthoid aster, Astei' jprenan-<br />
thoides, a species which seems to have been regarded as quite<br />
uniform and fixed in its characters, for only a single variety is<br />
mentioned in <strong>the</strong> North American Flora. In <strong>the</strong> Catskill<br />
mountain region it varies excessively in <strong>the</strong> size and shape <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> leaves, in <strong>the</strong> number and size <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heads and in <strong>the</strong>ir<br />
arrangement in panicles and corymbs, in <strong>the</strong> color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rays and<br />
in <strong>the</strong> nurnber, length and direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> branches. The<br />
extreme forms, if observed separately, would scarcely be<br />
thought to belong to <strong>the</strong> same species, but <strong>the</strong>y are so connected<br />
by intermediate forms that it is dffi cult to separate <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
A more extended account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se variations will be found in<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r part <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Report</strong>.<br />
Scarcely less remarkable are <strong>the</strong> variations shown by <strong>the</strong> low<br />
or dwarf goldenrod, Solidago humilis. This species, which I<br />
have found in <strong>the</strong> Adirondack region only, occurs on <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> low rocky ridge on tbe north shore <strong>of</strong> Third lake, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Fulton chain <strong>of</strong> lakes. This ridge is known as Bald mountain<br />
Its summit is long and narrow and nearly destitute <strong>of</strong> trees.<br />
Here and <strong>the</strong>re <strong>the</strong> rock is covered with limited areas <strong>of</strong> thin soil<br />
that has accumulated in <strong>the</strong> depressions and shallow cavities and<br />
crevices. In this <strong>the</strong> dwarf goldenrod grows. The elevation,<br />
temperature, degree <strong>of</strong> exposure, moisture and character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
soil are all so uniform over <strong>the</strong> whole summit that much variation<br />
in <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> any plant that might grow <strong>the</strong>re would<br />
scarcely be expected. Yet this goldenrod, in this limited area<br />
and apparently exposed to <strong>the</strong> same external conditions, exhibits<br />
here four well-marked and quite distinct forms. It certainly<br />
looks as if variation does not always depend upon external cir-<br />
cumstances.
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. \\<br />
Some attention has been given to <strong>the</strong> collection <strong>of</strong> specimens<br />
designed to add to <strong>the</strong> popular interest in <strong>the</strong> contemplated<br />
exhibit <strong>of</strong> representative specimens <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Herbarium at <strong>the</strong><br />
World's Fair. But no <strong>of</strong>ficial notice <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> assignment <strong>of</strong> space<br />
for such an exhibit has yet been received by me, and I have not<br />
thought it proper to devote much time to preparation for this<br />
exhibit till such notice shall have been received. Inasmuch as<br />
<strong>the</strong> Herbarium is especially rich in specimens <strong>of</strong> fungi, I have<br />
thought it most appropriate to make an exhibit <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se plants,<br />
and chiefly <strong>of</strong> those having an economical importance, ei<strong>the</strong>r by<br />
reason <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir useful or <strong>the</strong>ir noxious character.<br />
Albany, December 12, <strong>1892</strong>.<br />
Respectfully submitted.<br />
CHAS. H. PECK.
12<br />
Papaver somniferum L.<br />
Prunus Cerasus L.<br />
P. domestica L.<br />
Rosa humilis Marsh.<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
(A.)<br />
PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM.<br />
R. Sa3?i Schzv.<br />
R. Engelmanni Wats.<br />
Rubus seix)sus Bigel.<br />
R. Millspaughii Britton.<br />
Galium Kamtschaticum Stell.<br />
CEno<strong>the</strong>ra Oakesiana Bobbins.<br />
Chrysan<strong>the</strong>mum segetum L.<br />
Artemisia serrat x Nutt.<br />
Lactuca hirsuta Mnhl.<br />
Blephilia ciliata Baf.<br />
Polygonum cuspidatum S. & Z.<br />
Quercus Brittoni Davis.<br />
Scirpus Peckii Britton.<br />
Panicum nitidum Mx.<br />
P. laxiflorum Lam.<br />
Zygodon conoideus Dicks.<br />
Tricholoma serratifolium Pk.<br />
T. submaculatum Pk.<br />
Clitocybe albidula Pk.<br />
C, revoluta Pk.<br />
Oollybia ochroleuca Pk.<br />
Mycena rugosa Fr.<br />
M. hemisphterica Pk.<br />
Entoloma nidorosum Fr.<br />
Tubaria canescens Pk.<br />
Agaricus subrufescens PA;.<br />
Hypholoma aggregatum Pk.<br />
Deconica bryophila Pk.<br />
D. bulbosa Pk.<br />
Coprinus arenatus Pk.<br />
Hygrophorus metapodius Fr.<br />
Russula adusta Fr.<br />
Merulius Corium Fr.<br />
M. serpens Tode.<br />
Odontia laieritia B. cfr C.<br />
Thelephora subcchracea Pk.<br />
Anemone Virginiana L.<br />
A. nemorosa L.<br />
Thalictrum polygamum Muhl<br />
New to <strong>the</strong> Herbarium.<br />
Corticium Kalmiae Pk.<br />
Exobasidium Vaccinii Wor,<br />
Tylostoma mammosum Fr.<br />
T. campestre Morg.<br />
Lycoperdon hirtum Mart.<br />
L. asterospermum D. & M.<br />
L. perlatum Pers.<br />
L. Curti6u]5erA;.<br />
Didyraium proxlmum B. & C.<br />
Physarum contextum Rost.<br />
Peronospora Linariee Fckl.<br />
Phyllosticta Dioscorese Cke.<br />
Phoma vulgaris Sacc.<br />
Macrophoma versabilis Pk.<br />
Spnseronema Lonicera? Pk.<br />
Septoria TraUiana Sacc.<br />
Micropera Nemopanlhis Pk.<br />
Gloeosporium Platani Oud.<br />
G. phomoides Sacc.<br />
G. fructigenum Berk.<br />
Cylindiospo.ium Acori Pk.<br />
Urocystis WaM stein iee Pk.<br />
Cryptospora Goeppertiana Kuhn.<br />
u^cidium Lupini Pk.<br />
Uredo Chimaphilae Pk.<br />
Cylindrium griseum Bon.<br />
C. elongatum Bon.<br />
Verticillium sphaerophUum Pk.<br />
Periconia tenuissima Pk.<br />
Zygodesmus fulvus Sacc.<br />
Cladosporium Zese Pk.<br />
Napicladium graniineum Pk.<br />
Stilbum madidum Pk.<br />
Coremium glaucum Fr.<br />
Fusarium viticolum Tlinm.<br />
Lachnella citrina Pk.<br />
Anthostoma Ontariense E. & E.<br />
Stigmatea Geranii Fr.<br />
Massariella Xanthoxyli Pk.<br />
Ophiobolus suboUvaceus Pk.<br />
Not new to <strong>the</strong> Herbarium.<br />
Magnolia glauca L.<br />
M. acuminata L.<br />
Nuphar advena Ait.
Nuphar Kalniianum Ait.<br />
Arabis hirsuta Scop.<br />
A. perfoliata Lavi.<br />
Nasturtium palustre DC.<br />
Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.<br />
Lepidium intermedium Or.<br />
Hudsonia ericoides L.<br />
Viola sagittata Ait.<br />
Arenaria serpyUifolia L.<br />
A. Caroliniana Walt.<br />
Buda rubra Dumont.<br />
Hypericum Ascyron L.<br />
Linum striatum Walt.<br />
L. Virginianum L.<br />
Erodium cicutarium L'Her.<br />
Geranium Carolinianum L.<br />
Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd.<br />
Vitis sestivalis Mx.<br />
Polygala polygama Walt.<br />
P, senega L.<br />
P. sanguinea L.<br />
Lespedeza violacea Pers.<br />
Vicia sativa L.<br />
V. tetrasperma L.<br />
V. Cracca L.<br />
V. CaroUniana Walt.<br />
Cassia Marilandica L.<br />
Prunus maritima Wang.<br />
P. Persica B. & H.<br />
Rubus neglectus Pk.<br />
R. villosus Ait.<br />
R. Canadensis L.<br />
Rosa blanda Ait.<br />
R. lucida Ehrh.<br />
Amelanchier Canadensis T. & G.<br />
Sedum acre L.<br />
Drosera filiformis Raf.<br />
Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt.<br />
Lythrum SalicariaX.<br />
Epilobium lineare Mulil.<br />
E. adenocaulon Haiissk.<br />
CEno<strong>the</strong>ra fruticosa L.<br />
Opuntia vulgaris Mill.<br />
Aralia trifolia D. & P.<br />
Viburnum cassinoides L.<br />
Cornus florida L.<br />
Galium pilosmn Ait.<br />
G. circEezans Mx.<br />
G. boreale L.<br />
G. trifidum L.<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>, 13<br />
Galium triflorum Mx.<br />
Solidago bicolor L.<br />
8. humUis Piirsh.<br />
S. uUginosa Nutt.<br />
S. rugosa Mill.<br />
S. juncea Ait.<br />
S. Canadensis L.<br />
S. nemoralis Ait.<br />
S. lanceolata L.<br />
Sericocarpus conyzoides Nees.<br />
S.<br />
sobdagineus Nees.<br />
Aster Herveyi Gr.<br />
A. corymbosus Ait.<br />
A. patens Ait.<br />
A. undulatus L.<br />
A. cordifolius L.<br />
A.<br />
leevis L.<br />
A. diffusus Ait.<br />
A. paniculatus Lam.<br />
A. prenanthoides Muhl.<br />
A. puniceus L.<br />
Erigeron annuus Pers.<br />
E. strigosus Muhl.<br />
Gnaphalium purpureum L.<br />
Artemisia caudata Mx.<br />
Senecio aureus L.<br />
Cnicus horridulus Piirsh.<br />
C. pumilus Torr.<br />
Hieracium prfealtum Vill.<br />
H. venosum L.<br />
Sonchus asper Vill.<br />
Lobelia spicata Lam.<br />
Specularia perfoliata A. DC.<br />
Campanula rapunculoides L.<br />
Rhododendron viscosum Torr.<br />
Chimaphila maculata Pursh.<br />
Primula Mistassinica M.v.<br />
Lysimachia stricta Ait.<br />
AnagaUis arvensis L.<br />
Fraxinus viridis Mx.<br />
Asclepias incarnata L.<br />
A. verticiUata L.<br />
HydrophyUum Canadense L.<br />
Verbascum Thapsus L.<br />
Linaria vulgaris Mill.<br />
Mimulus moschatus Dougl.<br />
LimoseUa aquatica L.<br />
Veronica peregrina L.<br />
ConophoUs Americana Wallr.<br />
Lycopus Vtrginicus L.
14<br />
Scutellaria lateriflora L.<br />
S. galericulata L.<br />
Plantago major L.<br />
P. RugeUi Dec.<br />
P. lanoeolata L.<br />
P. Patagonica Jacq.<br />
Clienopodium capitatum Wats.<br />
C. Bonus-Henricus L.<br />
Rumex Patientia L.<br />
R. veridcillatus L.<br />
R. obtiisifolius L.<br />
R. Acetosella L.<br />
Polygonum lapathifolium L.<br />
P. Pemasylvanicum L.<br />
P. amphibium L.<br />
P. Persicaria L.<br />
P. acre H B K.<br />
P. cilinode Mx.<br />
Euphorbia Presslii Guss.<br />
Carya sulcata Nxitt.<br />
Salix nigra Marsh.<br />
S. lucida Muhl.<br />
S. fragiUs L.<br />
S. rostrata Rich.<br />
S. petiolaris Sm.<br />
S. cordata Muhl.<br />
S. myrtilloides L.<br />
Chanifecyparis sphaeroidea Spach.<br />
Aplectrum hiemale Xutt.<br />
Spiran<strong>the</strong>s cemua Rich.<br />
S. Romanz<strong>of</strong>fiana Cham.<br />
Pogonia pendula Lindl.<br />
Habenaria lacera R. Br.<br />
Aletris farinosa L.<br />
Iris prismatica Pursh.<br />
Sisyrinchium anceps Cav.<br />
Clintonia borealis Raf.<br />
Lilium Philadelphicum L.<br />
Trillium erectum L.<br />
Heteran<strong>the</strong>ra graniinea Vahl.<br />
Juncus marginatus Rostk.<br />
J. Greenii O. &. T.<br />
J. tenuis WiUd.<br />
J. Gerardi Loisel.<br />
J. peiocarpus E. Meyer.<br />
J.<br />
articulatus L.<br />
J. militaris Bigel.<br />
J. acuminatus Mx.<br />
J. scirpoides Lam.<br />
Cyperus strigosus L.<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Scirpus maritimus L.<br />
S. fluviatills Crr.<br />
S. polyphyUus Vahl.<br />
S. silvaticus L.<br />
Eriophorum cyperinum L.<br />
Scleria pauciflora Muhl.<br />
Carex intumescens Rudge.<br />
C. lurida Wahl.<br />
C. hystricina Muhl.<br />
C. scabrata Schw.<br />
C. vestita Willd.<br />
C. filiformis L.<br />
C. lanuginosa Mx.<br />
C. stricta Lam.<br />
C. torta Boott.<br />
C. longirostris Torr.<br />
C. arctata Boott.<br />
C. SuUivantii Boott.<br />
C. granularis Muhl.<br />
C. conoidea 5e/iA,-.<br />
C. Hitchcockiana Deio.<br />
C. laxiflora Lam.<br />
C. digitalis TI^Kd.<br />
C. laxiculmis Schic.<br />
C. plantaginea I^am.<br />
C. ebumea Boott.<br />
C. varia Muhl.<br />
C. Pennsylvanica Z>a?/i.<br />
C. commmiis Bailey.<br />
C. vulpinoidea J/a?.<br />
C. sparganioides Muhl.<br />
C. Muhlenbergii Schk.<br />
C. cephaloidea Dew?.<br />
C. cephalopliora Muhl.<br />
C. echinata Murr.<br />
C. canescens i.<br />
C. tribuloides Wahl.<br />
C. scoparia Sc/iA:.<br />
C. fcenea Willd.<br />
C. silicea Olney.<br />
C. straminea Willd.<br />
Spartina jvmcea Willd.<br />
S. cynosuroides TI'j7Zrf.<br />
Panicum virgatimi L.<br />
P. dichotomum L.<br />
P. Crus-gaUi L.<br />
Setaria ItaUca Kutith.<br />
Anthoxanthum odoratimi L.<br />
Oryzopsis asperifolia Mx.<br />
Muhlenbergia Mexicana Trin.
Muhlenbergia silvatica T. & G.<br />
M. Willdenovii THn.<br />
Calamagrostis Canadensis Bv.<br />
Agrostis alba L.<br />
A. scabra Willd.<br />
Deschampsia flexuosa Trin.<br />
Trisetum subspicatum Bv.<br />
Avena striata Mx.<br />
Eatonia Pennsylvanica Gr.<br />
Eragrostis Frankii Meyer.<br />
Poa serotina Ehrli.<br />
P. trivialis L.<br />
P. debilis Torr.<br />
P. alsodes Gr.<br />
Glyceria obtusa Trin.<br />
G. nervata Trin.<br />
G. grandis Wats.<br />
G. fliiitans R. Br.<br />
G. acutiflora Torr.<br />
Festuca elatior L.<br />
Bromus Kalmii Gr.<br />
Elynius Virginicus L.<br />
E. Canadensis L.<br />
Equisetum limosum L.<br />
Asplenium Filix-foemina Bemh.<br />
Aspidium spinulosum Sw.<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 15<br />
Lygodiiira palmatum Sw.<br />
Botrychiiim ternatiun Sw.<br />
Aiaanita muscaria L.<br />
Arinillaria mellea Vahl.<br />
Tiioholoma terreum Sclueff.<br />
Collybia radicata Rehl.<br />
Pholiota discolor Pk.<br />
Cortinarius pulchrifolius PA;.<br />
Lactarius deceptivus Pk.<br />
Polyporus cuticnlaris Fr.<br />
Poi ia semitincta Pk.<br />
Hydnuni graveolens Del.<br />
Poro<strong>the</strong>liuni fimbriatuni Fr.<br />
Thelephora Cladonia Schiv.<br />
Hymenochaete tabacina Lev.<br />
H. corrugata Lev.<br />
Corticium incamatum Lev.<br />
C. radiosum Fr.<br />
C. subaurantiacum Pk.<br />
Ceratiiun hydnoides ^4. & S.<br />
Plasmopara viticola B. & D.<br />
Monilia fructigena Pers.<br />
Macrosporium commune Rabh.<br />
Cladosporium herbarum Lk.<br />
Cryptospora suflfusa Fr.<br />
(B.)<br />
CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS.<br />
Zygodon conoideus Dicks.<br />
Lygodium palmatum Sw.<br />
Calostoma Berkeley! Ma^s.<br />
Chrysan<strong>the</strong>mum segetum L.<br />
Artemisia serrata Niitt.<br />
Erodium Cicutariiun VHer<br />
Mrs. E. G. Britten, New York, N. Y.<br />
Mrs. D. B. Fitch, Norwich, N. Y.<br />
Miss Bessie Grinnan, Madison Mills, Va.<br />
Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt., var. i<br />
limos\im Torr. \<br />
Rev. J. H. Wibbe, Schenectady, N. Y.<br />
Mimulus moschatus Dougl.<br />
Pol^'gonum cuspidatum S. & Z.<br />
Erogrostis Frankii Meyer,<br />
Rev. J. L. Zabriskie, Flatbush, N. Y.<br />
Liniosella aquatic L., var. tenuifolia<br />
H<strong>of</strong>fm.<br />
Geo. F, Atkinson, Auburn, Ala.<br />
HypocreUa tuberiformis B. & Br. Uredo Fici Cast.<br />
|<br />
Microsphferia calocladophora Atk. Ramularia areola Atk.<br />
Ravenelia CassitBcola Atk. Cercospora Bolleana Speg.<br />
'
16<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
S. M. Tracy,<br />
Phyllosticta ulmicola Sacc.<br />
Vermicularia affinis 6'. & B.<br />
Dinemasporium graminum Lev.<br />
Gloeosporium nervisequum Sacc.<br />
Ustilago Uniolae E. & E.<br />
Uromyces Dactylidis Ott.<br />
Puccinia globosipes Pk.<br />
P. rubigovera Wint.<br />
P. emaculata ScJnv.<br />
P. coronata Cd.<br />
P. Conoclinii Seym.<br />
P. Anthoxanthi Fckl.<br />
Phragmidium speciosum Fr.<br />
Ravenelia Cassia?cola Atk.<br />
^cidium Oldenlandianum E. & T.<br />
Carex hystricina 3Iiihl.<br />
C. tribuloides Wahl.<br />
C. lurida Wahl.<br />
E. C<br />
Muhlenbergia Mexicana Trin<br />
Bovista minor Morg.<br />
Bovistella Ohiensis E. & M.<br />
Starkville, Miss.<br />
Melampsora Quercus Schu\<br />
M. Hydrangeas Burr.<br />
Helminthosporium Rayenelii B. & C.<br />
Entyloma PhyaiaJidis Wint.<br />
Cercospora grisea C. & E.<br />
C. gossypina Cke.<br />
C. cruenta Sacc.<br />
G. macroguttata Atk.<br />
C. erythrogena Atk.<br />
Erysiphe communiB Fr.<br />
Microsphwria Alni Wint.<br />
Sphasro<strong>the</strong>ca lanestris Hark.<br />
Pseudopeziza Medicaginis Lib.<br />
Acrospermum compressum Tode.<br />
Howe, Lansingburgh, N. Y.<br />
Agrostis perennans T^lck.<br />
A. vulgaris With.<br />
Glyceria fluitans B. Br.<br />
G. H. Hicks, Agricultural College, Mich.<br />
Excipula Hicksiana E.
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 17<br />
N. L, Britton<br />
Galium Kamtschaticum Stell.<br />
Ranunculus septentrionalis L.<br />
Aquilegia vulgaris L.<br />
Lepidiutn Virginicum L.<br />
Viola delphinifoUa Le Conte.<br />
Acer spicatum Lam.<br />
A. Pennsylvanicum L.<br />
Geaster argenteus Cke.<br />
Ustilago Hordei K. & S.<br />
Uromyces Spraguea3 Hark.<br />
U. Zygadeni Pk.<br />
U. Eriogoni E. & H.<br />
U. Euphorbise C. & P.<br />
U.<br />
U.<br />
boreaUs Pk.<br />
Glycyrrhiz£e R. & 31.<br />
Puccinia Polygoni Pers.<br />
P.<br />
P.<br />
mirabillissima Pk.<br />
consimilis E. & E.<br />
P. Gayophyti Pk.<br />
P. Phragmitis Korn.<br />
P. Menthae Pers.<br />
P. Tanaceti DC.<br />
P. intermixta Pk.<br />
P. rubigovera Wint.<br />
P. Grindelise Pk.<br />
P. Troximontis Pk.<br />
P. Balsamorrhiza? Pk.<br />
P. GilifB Hark.<br />
P. Malvastri Pk.<br />
P. mutabilis E.
18<br />
Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd.<br />
Phallus Ravenelii B, & C. \<br />
Agaricus subrufescens Pk.<br />
Cylindrocolhi Dendroctoni Pk.<br />
A fasciated ear <strong>of</strong> corn, Zea Mays L.<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Mrs. L. L. Goodrich, Syracuse, N. Y.<br />
W. Herbst, Trexlertown, Pa.<br />
Queletia mirabilis Fr.<br />
W. Falconer, Glen Cove, N. Y.<br />
C. F. Mlllspaugh, Wavcrly, N. Y.<br />
John E. Coventry.<br />
E. H. Savage, Keeseville, N. Y.<br />
Sand incrustcd specimen <strong>of</strong> fungus, Polyporus fomentarius Fr.<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>. James Hall, Albany, N. Y.<br />
Four-headed flower <strong>of</strong> dandelion, Taraxacum <strong>of</strong>ficinale ll'e/>. on a single<br />
stout or fasciated scape.<br />
(C.)<br />
SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED.<br />
Papaver somniferum L.<br />
Menands, Albany county. September. Cultivated for ornament<br />
but <strong>of</strong>ten self-seeding and sparingly escaping from<br />
cultivation.<br />
Prunus Cerasus L.<br />
Voorheesville and Delmar, Albany county, and Westport,<br />
Essex county. The sour cherry is sometimes spontaneous by<br />
roadsides and near farm-houses.<br />
Prunus domestica L.<br />
Amagansett, Suffolk county. An apparently starved or degen-<br />
erate form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cultivated plum grows in sandy soil in this<br />
locality. It assumes a straggling bush-like form three to four<br />
feet high, or in a few instances six to eight feet. The taller<br />
specimens were seen on <strong>the</strong> north side <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> road leading from<br />
Amagansett to Easthampton. The leaves on <strong>the</strong> spurs are about<br />
six lines long and three lines broad. Those on tJie branches are<br />
about one inch long and half as Avide. On <strong>the</strong> most thrifty<br />
shoots <strong>the</strong>y scarcely , exceed one and a half inch in length.<br />
Flowers and fruit not seen.
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ^<strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 19<br />
Rosa humilis Marsh..<br />
This rose, which had been previously united with R. lucida, is<br />
considered a distinct species in <strong>the</strong> last edition <strong>of</strong> Gray's Manual.<br />
Its most prominent distinguishing features are its shorter stems,<br />
straight slender spines, narrow stipules and lobed outer sepals.<br />
These characters, however, are somewhat vai'ial)le, so that individ-<br />
uals occur, which connect <strong>the</strong> two in such a way as to show that<br />
<strong>the</strong>y are not very shar-ply limited. This is <strong>the</strong> most common species<br />
about Albany. It is abundant on Mount Delianco, near Ticon-<br />
deroga, and is quite variable <strong>the</strong>re. One noteworthy form has<br />
<strong>the</strong> spines nearly wanting, <strong>the</strong> leaflets numerous and small, gen-<br />
erally eight or nine lines long, and <strong>the</strong> pedicels and calyx tube<br />
as glabrous as in Ji. hJa/tula. Fr-om It. blando, it may be sepa-<br />
rated by <strong>the</strong> presence <strong>of</strong> an (occasional spine and by <strong>the</strong> decidu-<br />
ous sepals. Can it be a cross between i?. hlanda and R. hurnilis,<br />
both <strong>of</strong> which occur in this locality? R. humilis appears to be<br />
equally at home on rocky, clayey or sandy soil. It is abundant<br />
in <strong>the</strong> eastern part <strong>of</strong> Long Island.<br />
Rosa Sayi l^chv}.<br />
I refer to this species, specimens collected near Westport, Essex-<br />
county, in Jnne. The essential characters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> s])ecies are<br />
shown, but in some cases only |)artially or slightly. The serru-<br />
late teeth <strong>of</strong> tlie leaflets are not always present, and <strong>the</strong>ir resin-<br />
ous-pulverulent character is sometimes very slight. The stems<br />
are always very prickly, and <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong> branches also. The<br />
prickles are sometimes intermingled with straight, slender spines,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> stipules, which are ei<strong>the</strong>r narrow or dilated, are pretty<br />
constantly and distinctly gland ular-ciliate. The leaflets are more<br />
rounded or obtuse at <strong>the</strong> base than in R. hlcmda, from which it is<br />
separated by <strong>the</strong> characters just mentioned, although its variation<br />
from typical /**. Sayi seems to be in <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> R. hhmda.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> Manual <strong>the</strong> species is credited from Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Michigan<br />
and Wisconsin to Minnesota and Colorado. Possibly it may liave<br />
been introduced into our localit}'' from <strong>the</strong> west, but it is well<br />
established both north and west from Westport, and has been<br />
here many years.<br />
Rosa Engelmanni Watsov.<br />
Fruiting specimens <strong>of</strong> a rose very similar to <strong>the</strong> preceding<br />
species were collected several years ago at <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> Mount
20<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Defiance, near Ticonderoga. They differ from Rosa Sayl in <strong>the</strong><br />
shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fruit, which is distinctly longer than broad.<br />
Rubus Millspaughii Britton.<br />
Avalanche Pass, Essex county. N. L. Britton. Morehouseville,<br />
Hamilton county. July.<br />
The glabrous character <strong>of</strong> this species separates it from small<br />
forms <strong>of</strong> Ruhus villos\ts var. frondosus. The specimen contrib-<br />
uted by Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Britton is wholly without spines, those col-<br />
lected by myself have a few weak spines.<br />
Rubus setosus Bigel.<br />
Common in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn and western part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Adirondack<br />
region. Morehouseville and Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county.<br />
Old Forge or " Brown Tract," Herkimer count}^ and Garoga,<br />
Fulton county. July and August.<br />
This plant was previously reported by me as Ruhus hispidus<br />
var. suherectus, but later observations led me to <strong>the</strong> belief that it<br />
is a distinct species. Pr<strong>of</strong>essor Britton agrees with me in this<br />
belief, and thinks it belongs to <strong>the</strong> s])eci3s under which I have<br />
now placed it, and with <strong>the</strong> originally published description <strong>of</strong><br />
which it agrees very well, except that its ripe fruit is black<br />
instead <strong>of</strong> red, as in Bigelow's plant. Doctor Torrey, in N". Y. <strong>State</strong><br />
Flora, regarded Bigelow's plant as a variety <strong>of</strong> Ruhus hispidus and<br />
abbreviated <strong>the</strong> description too much to make it satisfactory.<br />
The specimen which he placed in <strong>the</strong> Herbarium as a representa-<br />
tive <strong>of</strong> this plant is clearly a mere form <strong>of</strong> ^. hispidus.<br />
R. setosus, as here understood, is quite plentiful in <strong>the</strong> localities<br />
mentioned and evidently delights in <strong>the</strong> soil <strong>of</strong> mixed sand and<br />
gravel which is common in that region. I observed <strong>the</strong> past<br />
season that it had taken possession <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> old neglected garden <strong>of</strong><br />
Arnold house, Fulton Chain, and was apparently fast overrunning<br />
<strong>the</strong> whole area. It thrives better on dr\^ upland than in wet<br />
swampy places, though it occasionally appears in such localities.<br />
The old abandoned fields and pastures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> region mentioned are<br />
most congenial to it. Unthrifty specimens <strong>of</strong> it were seen on <strong>the</strong><br />
summit <strong>of</strong> Bald mountain near Third lake. In no case have I<br />
found it associated with R. A^.y^^Ww.^, which is strangely absent or<br />
scarce in this whole region. The fruit is ripe in August. It is
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 21<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r small, black when ripe and scarcely inferior in flavor to<br />
that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dewberry, R. Canaden-nn, or <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leafy blackberry<br />
and <strong>of</strong> Millspaugh's blackberry.<br />
Galium Kaintschaticum Stell.<br />
Mount Marcy. August. Britton. The specimens are in<br />
fruit, but no flowers are shown. The species may be distin-<br />
guished from <strong>the</strong> glabrous variety <strong>of</strong> Galium circcezans by its<br />
long erect pedicels.<br />
CEno<strong>the</strong>ra Oakesiana Bobbins.<br />
Luzerne, Warren county. This is (E. biennis var. Oakesiana Gr.<br />
Chrysan<strong>the</strong>muni segetum i.<br />
Introduced and growing in fields near Niskayuna, Schenectady<br />
county. September. Bev. J. II. Wibbe.<br />
Artemisia serrata Nidt.<br />
Banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mohawk, three miles below <strong>the</strong> aqueduct and<br />
opposite Rock island. August. Wibbe.<br />
An introduction from <strong>the</strong> west.<br />
Lactuca hirsuta Muhl.<br />
Rocky hillsides. Whitehall. June.<br />
Blephilia ciliata Raf.<br />
Vaughn's, Washington county. S. H. Burnham.<br />
Polygonum cuspidatum 8. & Z.<br />
Banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mohawk below <strong>the</strong> aqueduct, Schenectady county.<br />
August. Wibbe. Introduced as an ornamental plant, but some-<br />
times escaping from cultivation.<br />
Quercus Brittoni Dams.<br />
Watchogue, Richmond count\^ September. W. T. Davis.<br />
Mr. Davis considers this oak to be a hybrid between Quercus<br />
nigra and Q. ilicifolia.
22<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Scirpus Peckii Britton.<br />
Lake Pleasant, Hamilton County. August. First collected<br />
in this locality in 1875. It Avas again collected in 1891,<br />
but in a new station. It Avas reported last year under<br />
<strong>the</strong> name Scirpus polyphyllus var. macrostachys. Pr<strong>of</strong>essor<br />
Britton has recentl}" published it as a distinct species, and as such<br />
it is now reported. It certainly is quite distinct from our ordinary<br />
forms <strong>of</strong> S. polyp)hyll%Ls. Specimens sometimes occur in which a<br />
cluster <strong>of</strong> spikelets is borne on a long pedicel issuing from <strong>the</strong><br />
axil <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> uppermost leaf.<br />
Panicum nitidum Mx.<br />
Sandy soil near Riverhead. July.<br />
Panicum laxiflorum Lam.<br />
With <strong>the</strong> preceding species. July.<br />
Zygodon conoideus JDicl-s.<br />
Base <strong>of</strong> a birch tree. Adirondack mountains. Mrs. E. G.<br />
Britton. The specimen is sterile.<br />
Tricholoma serratifolium. n. s/>.<br />
Pileus fleshy, firm, convex or nearly plane, <strong>of</strong>ten irregular, dry<br />
silky or flocculose-squamulose, white, <strong>of</strong>ten slightly tinged with<br />
broAvn or yellowish-brown in <strong>the</strong> center, flesh white or whitish,<br />
taste at first mild, <strong>the</strong>n acrid; lamella? broad, close, adnexed,<br />
serrate or eroded on <strong>the</strong> edge, Avliite; stem short, stout, solid,<br />
white; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, .(>24 in.<br />
long, .0002 broad.<br />
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad; stem about 1 in. long. 3 to (i lines<br />
thick.<br />
Woods. Shokan. September.<br />
This is apparently related to such species as T. psammopodum<br />
and T. impolitum, but distinct from <strong>the</strong>m in color and in <strong>the</strong><br />
character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lamellne.<br />
Tricliolonia submaculatum n. sp.<br />
Pileus convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly depressed in<br />
<strong>the</strong> center; glabrous, brownish, sometimes tinged with ferrugin-<br />
ous, becoming obscurely spotted with age, flesh white; lamellae
.<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> thf. <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 23<br />
thin, close, white, becoming orange-red or saffron color where<br />
wounded or bruised; stem solid, silky -fibrillose, white, <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
decumbent or radicating at <strong>the</strong> base; spores minute, broadly<br />
elliptical or subglobose, .OOOK) to .0002 in. long, .00016 broad.<br />
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.<br />
Borders <strong>of</strong> woods. Shokan. September.<br />
The species may easily be recognized by <strong>the</strong> obscurely spotted<br />
pileus and by <strong>the</strong> peculiar color assumed by any part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plant<br />
where cut or bruised. The spots indicate an affinity with <strong>the</strong><br />
tribe Guttata, but inasmuch as <strong>the</strong> specimens were collected in a<br />
dry time, <strong>the</strong> pileus did not exhibit <strong>the</strong> moist character to be<br />
expected in members <strong>of</strong> that tribe.<br />
Clitocybe albidula n. sp.<br />
»<br />
Pileus thin, at ffrst convex, <strong>the</strong>n umbilicate or centrally<br />
depressed, glabrous, hN^grophanous, pale grayish-brown and<br />
finely striatulate on <strong>the</strong> margin when moist, whitish when dry<br />
lamellie close, adnate or slightly decurrent, dingy-w^hite ; stem<br />
short, glabrous or slightly pruinose, hollow, colored like <strong>the</strong><br />
pileus ; spores minute, elliptical, .' i0016 to .0002 in. long, .0001 to<br />
.00012 broad.<br />
Pileus about I in. broad; stem I in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines thick.<br />
Under pine trees. Delmar. September.<br />
Related to C. candicans, from which it is distinguished by its<br />
more dingy color and by its decided farinaceous odor. The<br />
margin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> young pileus is whitened by a pruinosity or a<br />
minute white villosity.<br />
Clitocybe revoluta n. sp.<br />
Densely c^spitose ; pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous,<br />
whitish and slightly striatulate on <strong>the</strong> margin when moist, white<br />
when dry, <strong>the</strong> thin mai'gin commonly and irregularly revolute<br />
lamella? thin, narrow, close, adnate or slightly decurrent ; stem<br />
glabrous, solid when young, stuffed or somewhat hollow when<br />
old, whitish ; spores subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. long,<br />
Pileus 1 to 3 in. broad ; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick.<br />
Woods. Alcove, Albany county. September.<br />
This ])lant forms dense tufts <strong>of</strong> considerable extent and com-<br />
posed <strong>of</strong> many individuals. In <strong>the</strong>se tufts <strong>the</strong> pileus is more or<br />
less irregular with tlie margin wavy and revolute. Occasionally<br />
;
24<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
a plant is seen growing apart from <strong>the</strong> general mass and <strong>the</strong>n its<br />
pileiis is apt to be regular and <strong>the</strong> margin horizontal.<br />
Collybia ocliroleuca n. sp.<br />
Pileus thin, convex, <strong>the</strong>n umbilicate or centrally depressed,<br />
glabrous, pale ochraceous, flesh white, taste farinaceous ;<br />
broad, subdistant, rounded behind or emarginate, whitish ;<br />
lamella?<br />
stem<br />
firm, slender, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, colored like <strong>the</strong> pileus ;<br />
spores elliptical, .00024 to .0003 in. long, .0002 broad.<br />
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick.<br />
Woods. Shokan. September. Related to C. escalenta^ but<br />
distinct by its umbilicate or depressed pileus and its farinaceous<br />
odor and taste.<br />
Mycena hemisphaerica n. «/>.<br />
Pileus 'thin, firm, hemispherical, glabrous, hygrophanous,<br />
brownish and striatulate wheo moist, gray or grayish-brown<br />
when dry ; lamellae subdistant, arcuate, adnate, livid-white ; stem<br />
glabrous, hollow, livid-white ; spores broadly elliptical, .00016 to<br />
.0002 in. long, .00012 broad.<br />
Pileus 5 to 8 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines<br />
thick.<br />
Mossy prostrate trunks <strong>of</strong> trees in woods. Fulton Chain.<br />
August.<br />
The species belongs to <strong>the</strong> tribe Eigidipedes. It is distin-<br />
guished from M. galerlculata by its hemispherical hygrophanous<br />
pileus, <strong>the</strong> character and color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lamella? and by its smaller<br />
spores. It is gregarious or subcaespitose in its mode <strong>of</strong> growth.<br />
Mycena rugosa Fr.<br />
Woods. Shokan. September.<br />
Entoloma nidorosum /'V.<br />
Woods. Shokan. September.<br />
Our specimens differ from <strong>the</strong> type in having <strong>the</strong> stem solid<br />
and <strong>the</strong> lamella? adnate. For <strong>the</strong> present I designate <strong>the</strong>m as<br />
Var. solidipes.<br />
Tubaria canescens n. sp.<br />
Pileus very thin, almost membranous, convex, grayish-white or<br />
canescent, coated with minute whitish fibrils or aj^pressed tomentum<br />
; lamellas distant, decurrent, cinnamon color ; stem slender,
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 25<br />
whitish, fibrillose, with a white mycelium at <strong>the</strong> base ; spores<br />
elliptical, .00024 in. long, .OOUlO broad, <strong>of</strong>ten containing a shining<br />
nucleus.<br />
Pileus 2 to 3 lines broad ; stem 6 to 8 lines long.<br />
"Damp naked soil in woods. Selkirk. July.<br />
This is a very small species closely allied to Tuharia auto-<br />
chthons , from which it is separated by <strong>the</strong> shape and color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pileus, <strong>the</strong> decidedly decurrent lamellae and <strong>the</strong> fibrillose stem.<br />
As in that species, <strong>the</strong> spores are unusually pale. The dry pileus<br />
is distantly sulcate or striate.<br />
Agaricus subrufescens n. sp.<br />
Pileus ra<strong>the</strong>r thin and fragile, at first deeply hemispherical,<br />
<strong>the</strong>n convex or broadly expanded, <strong>of</strong>ten wavy or irregular, silky-<br />
hbrillose or minutely and obscurely squamulose, varying in color<br />
from whitish or grayish to dull reddish-brown, flesh Avhite,<br />
unchangeable ; lamellae close, free, at first white or yellowish-<br />
white, <strong>the</strong>n pinkish, finally blackish-brown ; stem minutely floc-<br />
culose below <strong>the</strong> annulus, hollow, white, somewhat thickened or<br />
bulbous at <strong>the</strong> base ; <strong>the</strong> annulus membranous, white, externally<br />
flocculose ; <strong>the</strong> mycelium white, forming slender branching root-<br />
like strings; spores elliptical, brown, .00024 to .00028 in. long,<br />
.00016 to .0002 broad.<br />
Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad ; stem 2 to H in. long, 4 to 8 lines thick.<br />
Leaf mold. Glen Cove. October. W. Falconer. Also culti-<br />
vated.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> young pileus and in its color in <strong>the</strong> reddish<br />
tinted specimens, also in <strong>the</strong> white color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> young lamellae,<br />
this species makes an approach to A. cam.j'estris var. rufescens,<br />
but unlike that variety <strong>the</strong> wounded flesh does not become red.<br />
From typical A. cu/mijentrU it differs in many respects — in <strong>the</strong><br />
thin flesh, <strong>the</strong> color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> young lamellae, <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
stem and its annulus and in its mycelium. It resembles more<br />
closely A. placoinyces and A. Ktlvdiicus^ but from <strong>the</strong> former it<br />
may be separated by <strong>the</strong> shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus and <strong>the</strong> more obscure<br />
character <strong>of</strong> its scales and by its annulus, from <strong>the</strong> latter, by <strong>the</strong><br />
color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus and <strong>the</strong> young lamelUv and also by <strong>the</strong> annulus,<br />
which is externally floccose-squamulose and also not distant as in<br />
that species.<br />
<strong>1892</strong>. 4
26<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 8iate <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Mr. Falconer sa3's that under cultivation it is exceedingly pro-<br />
ductive, growing equally well in sunshine and in shade, but being<br />
fond <strong>of</strong> warmth. When grown in <strong>the</strong> dark <strong>the</strong> color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pileus is darker than when grown in <strong>the</strong> light. The mushrooms<br />
appear in twenty-four to thirty days after <strong>the</strong> planting <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
spawn, which is about two weeks earlier than in <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
common mushroom. They have a decided flavor and are good<br />
eating. From this it will readily be seen that in productiveness,<br />
early appearance and ability to endure warm wea<strong>the</strong>r it is an<br />
improvement on <strong>the</strong> common mushroom.<br />
Hypholma aggregatum n. sj).<br />
Densely csespitose ; pileus thin, convex or subcampanulate, gray-<br />
ish-white, obscurely spotted with appressed brownish fibrils<br />
lamellae subdistant, rounded behind, nearly free, at first whitish,<br />
<strong>the</strong>n brown or blackish-brown with a whitish edge ;<br />
stem ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
long, hollow, somewhat lioccose or fibrillose, white ; spores brown,<br />
elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.<br />
Pileus about 1 in. broad ; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 1.5 to 2 lines<br />
thick.<br />
At <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> trees and stumps in woods. Alcov.e. Sept.<br />
The cjespitose habit and obscurely spotted grayish-white pileus<br />
are marked features <strong>of</strong> this species. From B. silvestre <strong>the</strong> species<br />
may be distinguished by its smaller size, adnexed or nearly free<br />
1 amellse, which have no rosy tint, and by its very caespitose mode<br />
<strong>of</strong> growth.<br />
Deconica bryophila n. sp<br />
Pileus thin, membranous on <strong>the</strong> margin, subconical, becoming<br />
convex or nearly plane, glabrous, hygrophanous, chestnut color<br />
or dark brown and striatulate on <strong>the</strong> margin when moist, creamy-<br />
white, grayish-white or pale brown when dry and <strong>of</strong>ten distinctly<br />
striate on <strong>the</strong> margin ;<br />
lamellae broad, distant, adnate or slightly<br />
decurrent, plane or ventricose, at first pale-brown, <strong>the</strong>n purplish-<br />
brown ;<br />
stem slender, slightly silky -fibrillose when young, stuffed<br />
or hollow, pallid or brown ; spores brown, elliptical, .0003 in.<br />
long, .0002 broad.<br />
Pileus 3 to 6 lines broad ;<br />
stem 8 to 12 lines long.<br />
Sandy soil among mosses. Delmar and Karner. May.<br />
.<br />
;
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> Botanisi. 27<br />
From D. hullacea, this species differs in its not viscid pileus<br />
and in its distant lamellae. The chestnut-colored specimens<br />
sometimes have <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus darker than <strong>the</strong> margin.<br />
Deconica bulbosa w. S2?.<br />
Pileus submerabi'anous, convex, becoming nearly plane, glabrous,<br />
slightly striate on <strong>the</strong> margin, whitish tinged with brown<br />
lamella^ broad, distant, adnate, purplish-brown ; stem slender,<br />
firm, hollow, bulbous, both it and <strong>the</strong> bulb densely grayish-<br />
fibrillose ; spores purplish-brown, elliptical, .0003 in. long, .u002<br />
broad.<br />
Pileus '.\ to 6 lines broad ; stem 8 to 12 lines long, scarcely half<br />
a line thick.<br />
Dead stems <strong>of</strong> herbs. Delmar. September.<br />
This small species resembles <strong>the</strong> preceding one in size, but it<br />
differs in its place <strong>of</strong> growth, its paler color, its bulbous stem and<br />
in <strong>the</strong> grayish fibrils that clo<strong>the</strong> both stem and bulb.<br />
Coprinus arenatus w. sp.<br />
Pileus thin, at first broadly ovate or subhemispherical, soon<br />
convex or campanulate, .adorned with small white tomentose<br />
scales, striate on <strong>the</strong> margin, whitish or grayish-white, l)ecoming<br />
grayish-brown with age; lamelhv broad, crowded, free, grayish-<br />
white, soon purplish-brown, finall}'^ black, furnished with numer-<br />
ous projecting hyaline cystidia; stem short, equal, glabrous,<br />
hollow, white ;<br />
spores broadly ovate or subglobose, black in <strong>the</strong><br />
mass, purplish-brown by transmitted light, .(>(»03 to .00035 in.<br />
long, .00025 to .0003 broad.<br />
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad ; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick.<br />
Solitary or gregarious, growing on sandy soil recently overrun<br />
by fire. Earner. May.<br />
The mycelium binds <strong>the</strong> sand toge<strong>the</strong>r in a globular mass at<br />
<strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem. The scales <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ])ileus are easil}' sepa-<br />
rable and soon disappear. The marginal striations extend half<br />
way or more toward <strong>the</strong> center. The long cystidia give a peculiar<br />
appearance to <strong>the</strong> lamelhu, and in <strong>the</strong> fresh plant <strong>the</strong>y may<br />
be seen extending across <strong>the</strong> interspaces. The species belongs to<br />
<strong>the</strong> section Tomentosi and is remarkable for its peculiar habitat.<br />
;
28<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Hygrophorus metapodius Pr.<br />
Woods. Shokan. September. Our specimens were not at all vis-<br />
cid, nor did wounds <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flesh and lamellae turn red, but in o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
respects <strong>the</strong>y correspond so well to <strong>the</strong> figure and description<br />
<strong>of</strong> this species that we dare not separate <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
Russula adusta Fr.<br />
Sandy soil in pine woods. Delmar. September.<br />
Closely allied to R. nigricans^ but differing in its thinner, closer<br />
and more decurrent lamellae, which do not assume a reddish color<br />
where wounded. The specimens are commonly smaller than<br />
ei<strong>the</strong>r R. nigrica7is or R. sordida, and <strong>the</strong>y are less disposed to<br />
turn black in drying.<br />
Merulius Corium Fr.<br />
Decorticated wood <strong>of</strong> deciduous trees. Boiceville, Ulster<br />
county. September.<br />
In our specimens <strong>the</strong> plants are wholly resupinate, slightly<br />
reflexed, or <strong>the</strong>y have a well developed pileus. In this case <strong>the</strong><br />
pileus is villous, concentrically sulcate and white. The hymenium<br />
also is somewhat concentrically sulcate. European authors<br />
do not agree in <strong>the</strong>ir descriptions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> size and shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
spores <strong>of</strong> this species. In our specimens <strong>the</strong>y are oblong or<br />
lanceolate, .0003 in. long, .00012 broad.<br />
Merulius serpens Tode.<br />
Decaying wood and branches. Lake Pleasant. August.<br />
Odontia lateritia B. ch C.<br />
Interior <strong>of</strong> prostrate much-decayed trunks <strong>of</strong> deciduous trees,<br />
apparently birch, chestnut and oak. Fulton Chain. August.<br />
Shokan. September.<br />
Under <strong>the</strong>ir description <strong>of</strong> this species, Berkeley and Curtis<br />
remark that Phlehia hydnoideu Schweinitz is apparently <strong>the</strong> same<br />
thing. So' far as our specimens are concerned Schweinitz's<br />
description is far more complete and satisfactory than that <strong>of</strong><br />
Berkely and Curtis, although <strong>the</strong> fungus is more closely allied to<br />
Odontia than to Phlebia. It forms extensive patches, creeping over<br />
<strong>the</strong> surface and following <strong>the</strong> inequalities <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> wood. Although<br />
<strong>the</strong> substance is quite thick it is not separable from <strong>the</strong> matrix.
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> tee <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 29<br />
The color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fresh plant is a beautiful orange, but it fades in<br />
drying so that it may not inaptly be called brick red. The<br />
hymenial warts or protuberances are sometimes arranged in lines<br />
or series. In drying, <strong>the</strong> surface becomes more or less chinky so<br />
that <strong>the</strong> protuberances appear to be collected in fascicles.<br />
Thelephora subochracea n. sp.<br />
Kesupinate, incrusting, running over fallen leaves and twigs<br />
and forming suborbicular patches one to three inches broad, thin,<br />
tough, dry, pale-ochraceous, sometimes with a slight whitish<br />
byssine border.<br />
Woods. Shokan. September.<br />
The specimens have <strong>the</strong> appearance <strong>of</strong> some species <strong>of</strong> Cor-<br />
ticium but <strong>the</strong> dry tough texture indicates a closer relation to<br />
Thelephora. They are scarcely in perfect condition.<br />
Corticium Kalmiae n. sjx<br />
. Effused, thin, tender, inseparable from <strong>the</strong> matrix; subiculum<br />
and indeterminate margin composed <strong>of</strong> slender whitish lllaments;<br />
hymenium glabrous, continuous, yellowish-ochraceous ; spores<br />
smooth, elliptical, .0004 to .U005 in. long, .00024 to .0003 broad.<br />
Dead stems <strong>of</strong> mountain laurel, Kaliaia latifolia.<br />
Shokan. September.<br />
This is apparently related to such species as C. degluhens and<br />
C. secedens, but differing from both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se in its inseparable<br />
character.<br />
Exobasidium Vaccinii War. •<br />
Living leaves <strong>of</strong> bearberry, Arctostajyhyiss Uva-ursi. Kiver-<br />
head. July.<br />
Tylostoma niammosum Fr.<br />
Sandy soil. Delmar. October. A rare species.<br />
Tylostoma campestre Morr/.<br />
Sandy soil. West Albany. November.<br />
Lycoperdon hirtum. J\fart.<br />
Brewerton and Catskill mountains. This was formerly<br />
included by me \Wth L. atropurpurcum, from which it scarcely<br />
differs except in its depressed peridium and cord-like root.
30<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Lycoperdon asterospermum -D. & M,<br />
North Greenbush and West Albany.<br />
Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.<br />
Brewerton, Adirondack and Catskill mountains. August and<br />
September. Following <strong>the</strong> illustrious Fries, I formerly included<br />
this with L. gemmidtum, but it is so well marked by <strong>the</strong> ])revail-<br />
ing form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peridium and especially by <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
spines <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cortex that it seems best to consider it a distinct<br />
species.<br />
Lycoperdon Curtisii lierk.<br />
Ground by roadside. Guilderland. October.<br />
Didymium proximum B , Dioscorea mllosa. Riverhead. Jnly.<br />
Var. grisea. Spots gray with a narrow reddish-brown margin;<br />
peri<strong>the</strong>cia epiphyllous, numerous, black ;<br />
Phoma vulgaris Sacc.<br />
spores globose or ovoid.<br />
Dead stems <strong>of</strong> long-fruited anemone, Anemone cyUjidrica.<br />
Delmar. June. The spores in our plant are slighth" smaller<br />
than in <strong>the</strong> type.<br />
Macrophoma versabilis n. sp.<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia scattered, irregular, globose or compressed and hys-<br />
teriiform, erumpent or subsuperficial, black ;<br />
spores oblong-ellip-<br />
tical, colorless, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad<br />
sporophores generally shorter than <strong>the</strong> spores.<br />
;
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 31<br />
Dead branches and galls <strong>of</strong> oak, Qiiercus ilicifolia. Karner.<br />
May.<br />
Apparently intermediate in character between M. dryina and<br />
M. nervisequa, having spores like those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> former and peri-<br />
<strong>the</strong>cia somewhat resembling those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> latter.<br />
Sphaeronema Lonicerae n. sjx<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia numerous, scattered uniformly, small, .001) to .012 in.<br />
broad, at first covered by <strong>the</strong> epidermis, <strong>the</strong>n erumpent, narrowed<br />
above into a rostrum about as long as <strong>the</strong> diameter <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
peri<strong>the</strong>cium, black ; spores numerous, elliptical or oblong, color-<br />
less, .00016 to .0003 in. long, .00008 to .00012 broad, cozing out<br />
in wet wea<strong>the</strong>r and forming a minute hyaline globule.<br />
Living stems <strong>of</strong> hairy honeysuckle, Lonicera hirstUa. Brown-<br />
ville. J une.<br />
This is easily distinguished from Sphwrographium Zonicerce,<br />
which has fusiform curved quadrinucleate spores.<br />
Septoria Trailiana Sacc.<br />
Living leaves <strong>of</strong> self-heal, Brunella vulgm^is. Menands.<br />
August.<br />
Micropera Nemopanthis 7u sp.<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia densely and prominently cyespitose, minute, black,<br />
opening on <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> moisture and revealing <strong>the</strong> whitish,<br />
gelatinous contents ;<br />
spores subfiliform, curved or sigmoid, taper-<br />
ing toward each end, .0016 to .0024 in. long ; sporophores short.<br />
Dead branches <strong>of</strong> mountain holly, Nemojpanihes Canadensis.<br />
Karner. May.<br />
Gloeosporium Platani Oud.<br />
Living or languishing leaves <strong>of</strong> sycamore, Platanus occidentalis.<br />
Shokan. September.<br />
This is quite distinct from G. nervisequum, both in habit and<br />
m <strong>the</strong> size and color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> acervuli.<br />
Glceosporium phomoides Sacc.<br />
Fruit <strong>of</strong> tomato. Menands. September.<br />
Gloeosporium fructigenum Berk.<br />
On grapes. Menands. September and October.<br />
This is destructive to <strong>the</strong> fruit, causing it to docav.
32<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Cylindrosporium Acori n. sp.<br />
Spots numerous, subelliptical, sometimes confluent, blackish,<br />
nuclei minute ;<br />
spores amphigenous, forming minute tufts, white,<br />
oblong or subcylindrical, sometimes narrowed toward one end,<br />
.0004 to .0008 in. long, about .00010 broad.<br />
Living or languishing leaves <strong>of</strong> sweet flag, Acorus Calamus.<br />
Sandlake. September.<br />
The spots, in size and shape, resemble those <strong>of</strong> Uromyces<br />
2)yrifor7nis. They are sometimes slightly whitened in <strong>the</strong> center<br />
by <strong>the</strong> confluence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> tufts <strong>of</strong> spores.<br />
TJrocystis Waldsteiniae n. sj).<br />
Sori large, oblong, following <strong>the</strong> nerves <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leaf, commonly<br />
near <strong>the</strong> margin and nearly parallel to each o<strong>the</strong>r, surrounded<br />
by <strong>the</strong> ruptured epidermis, black; spores not easily separable,<br />
three to six or more in a glomerule, <strong>the</strong> central and peripheral<br />
similar, subglobose or elliptical, <strong>of</strong>ten angular, .0005 to .0006 inch<br />
long, .0004 to .0005 broad, <strong>the</strong> glomerules very unequal in size<br />
and in <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> component spores.<br />
Living leaves <strong>of</strong> barren strawberry, Walddeinia fragarioides.<br />
Alcove. June. C. L. Shear.<br />
This species is apparently closely allied to U. Filiycndulin. It<br />
seems to connect TJrocystis with Thecaphora and to be ambiguous<br />
between <strong>the</strong>se two genera. When <strong>the</strong>re are but three spores in a<br />
glomerule <strong>the</strong> central one is usually larger than tlie o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />
Specimens <strong>of</strong> this fungus have also been received from Pro-<br />
fessor Dearness, <strong>of</strong> London, Canada.<br />
Cryptospora Goeppertiana Kuhn.<br />
Living stems and branches <strong>of</strong> Canadian blueberry, VacGmmm<br />
Canadense. Fulton Chain. August. Also on <strong>the</strong> same host<br />
and on s\vam]i blueberry, Vaceiniuvi corymhosum. Sandlake.<br />
September.<br />
This fungus is destructive to its host. The affected branches<br />
appear to live but one year. Their leaves are dwarfed in size or<br />
wholly obliterated, <strong>the</strong> branches <strong>the</strong>mselves are generally unnatu-<br />
rally multiplied, and appear to form tufts or clusters, and <strong>the</strong>y<br />
are unusually thick or swollen and <strong>the</strong>ir tissues greatly changed.<br />
Sometimes <strong>the</strong>y are much twisted, curved or contorted, but more
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>, 33<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong>y are straight and erect. In color <strong>the</strong>y are <strong>of</strong>ten red-<br />
dish-brown or chestnut. I have never seen any fruit on an<br />
afifected branch.<br />
^cidium Lupini n. sp.<br />
Spots numerous, small, orbicular, at first yellowish-green,<br />
becoming purplish-brown with age ; spermogones epiphyllous,<br />
central ; peridia hypophyllous, crowded, short ; spores globose, ver-<br />
ruculose, orange-yellow, .001 to .0016 in. broad.<br />
Living leaves <strong>of</strong> common lupine, Lupinus perennis. Karner.<br />
June.<br />
Spots none ;<br />
s<br />
Uredo Chimaphilse n. sp.<br />
sori chiefly hypophyllous, scattered or crowded, a<br />
long time cQvered by <strong>the</strong> epidermis, yellow or pale-orange ; spores<br />
narrowly ovate oblong or subelliptical, .001 to .0012 in. long,<br />
.0005 to .0007 broad.<br />
Living leaves and flowers <strong>of</strong> spotted wintergreen, Chimaphila<br />
maculata. Amagansett. July.<br />
The fungus seems to kill <strong>the</strong> leaves it attacks.<br />
Cylindrium elongatum Bon.<br />
Fallen leaves <strong>of</strong> chestnut. Shokan, September.<br />
Cylindrium griseum Bon.<br />
Fallen leaves <strong>of</strong> chestnut-oak, Quercus Prinus. Shokan. September.<br />
Much like <strong>the</strong> preceding species, but distinguished by<br />
its gray color.<br />
Verticillium sphaerophiluni n. sp.<br />
Hyphae minutely and stellately tufted, white, sparingly<br />
branched ; branches one to three at a node, ra<strong>the</strong>r long, gradu-<br />
ally tapering upward; spores elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00ul5<br />
broad.<br />
On Hypoxylon coccineum. Shokan. September.<br />
The Verticillium appears to develop from <strong>the</strong> ostiola <strong>of</strong> its host.<br />
Periconia tenuissima n. sp.<br />
Effused, forming a thin indefinite purplish-brown downy<br />
stratum on <strong>the</strong> matrix ; fertile hyphje erect, slender, simple,<br />
scarcely septate, .011 to .014 in. long, .00015 thick ; spores aggre-<br />
<strong>1892</strong>. 5
34<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
gated into a minute head, globose, .UOUl to .00012 in. broad,<br />
colored like but paler than <strong>the</strong> liyphse.<br />
On a thick stratum <strong>of</strong> mycelium <strong>of</strong> some wood inhabiting<br />
fungus. Adirondack mountains. July.<br />
Zygodesmus fulvus Sacc.<br />
Decaying bark <strong>of</strong> maple, Acer saccharinu7i%. Lake Pleasant<br />
August.<br />
Cladospormm Zese n. sp.<br />
Mycelial filaments colorless, branched, ci'eepi^- among <strong>the</strong><br />
tissues <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> matrix and causing <strong>the</strong> epidermis to rjipture ; fertile<br />
hyphae slender, sparingly septate, more or less elongate ; densely<br />
interwoven and forming a grayish-green velvety stratum ;<br />
spores<br />
very variable, globose elliptical or oblong, .00016 to -.^008 in.<br />
long, continuous ^r at length with one to three septa. ./*;^<br />
Unripened grains <strong>of</strong> Indian corn, Zea Mays. lienp,nds.<br />
September. ' . i^<br />
The species <strong>of</strong> Cladosporium are generally saprophytes, J)\\t<br />
this one appears to attack <strong>the</strong> living tissues <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> grain. The<br />
kernel ruptures at <strong>the</strong> apex, revealing its white starchy contents,^<br />
which are soon overspread by a gra^^^ish-green or olivaceous velvefr^^<br />
coating <strong>of</strong> filaments which give a moldy appearance to <strong>the</strong> exposed<br />
surface. The rupture widens and <strong>the</strong> contents gradually dis- ^<br />
appear till <strong>the</strong> grain is deeply excavated. The fungus is a peculiar<br />
and apparently an injurious one.<br />
Napicladium gramineum n. sp.<br />
Spots brown, soon elongated and confluent, <strong>of</strong>ten occupying<br />
<strong>the</strong> whole leaf ; tufts minute, punctiform, black, <strong>the</strong> hyphaB short,<br />
croAvded, somewhat nodulose above ; spores clavate, having one<br />
to three septa, .0012 to .0024 in. long, .0004 to .0005 broad.<br />
Living leaves <strong>of</strong> rough meadow grass, Poa trimalis. Delmar.<br />
June.<br />
This fungus is evidentl}^ a harmful one. It kills <strong>the</strong> leaves<br />
attacked by it. It differs from W. arundinaceum in its punctiform<br />
habit and narrower spores.<br />
•^"•'
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 35<br />
Stilbum madidum n. sp.<br />
Stems numerous, sometimes ca?spitose, .02 to .03 in. long, white<br />
or whitish, glabrous ; head minute, subglobose, pellucid-white<br />
spores oblong, <strong>of</strong>ten slightly narrowed toward one end, .0005 to<br />
.0006 in. long, about .00016 broad.<br />
Sap-moistened cut surface <strong>of</strong> a birch stump, Bettda hitea. Lake<br />
Pleasant. August.<br />
The mycelium permeates a gelatinous stratum which over-<br />
spreads <strong>the</strong> wood. The species is distinguished from S. mac7'ocarpum<br />
by its white capitulum and more narrow spores.<br />
Coremium glaucum Fr.<br />
Fallen acorns. Shokan. September.<br />
This is considered by some to be a mere form <strong>of</strong> PenicilliiiTn<br />
glaucum, from which it differs in having a stem composed <strong>of</strong><br />
compacted filaments.<br />
Fusarium viticolum Thum.<br />
Grapes. Menands. September.<br />
Our specimens differ from <strong>the</strong> type in <strong>the</strong> smaller superficial<br />
sporodochia and in <strong>the</strong> longer and more acutely pointed spores.<br />
They constitute a new variety if not a distinct species. For <strong>the</strong><br />
present I call <strong>the</strong>m var. uvicoliom. Sporodochia minute, numer-<br />
ous, gregarious, superficial, depressed, flesh-colored; spores<br />
narrowly fusiform, generally curved, acute or acuminate, three<br />
to five septate, .0016 to .002 in. long.<br />
Lachnella citrina n. sj?.<br />
Keceptacle minute, .2 to .03 in. broad, sessile or with a very<br />
short stem, villose-tomentose, citrine-yellow, <strong>the</strong> hymenium<br />
yellow inclining to orange, generally concealed, when dry, by<br />
<strong>the</strong> connivent margin; asci subcylindrical, about .003 in. long;<br />
paraphrases filiform, equaling, or a little surpassing <strong>the</strong> asci;<br />
spores oblong or subfusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016<br />
broad.<br />
Bark <strong>of</strong> chestnut trees. Shokan. September.<br />
In some instances <strong>the</strong> marginal hairs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cups are white.<br />
;
36<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> tee <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Anthostoma Ontariensis E. S E.<br />
Dead branches <strong>of</strong> willow, Salix discolor. Karner. May.<br />
In our specimens <strong>the</strong> stroma is eutypoid ra<strong>the</strong>r than valsoid<br />
and <strong>the</strong> spores are a little broader than in <strong>the</strong> type.<br />
Stigmatea Geranii FV.<br />
Living and languishing leaves <strong>of</strong> Carolinian cranesbill, Ger-<br />
anium, Carolinianum. Brownville. June.<br />
Massariella Xanthoxyli n. sp.<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia small, .01 to 028 in. broad, immersed in <strong>the</strong> bark,<br />
scattered or subseriate, slightly elevating and at length piercing<br />
<strong>the</strong> epidermis ; asci 8-spored ; spores crowded or biseriate, at first<br />
colorless, <strong>the</strong>n colored, uniseptate, quadrinucleate, oozing out and<br />
forming a conical mass, <strong>the</strong>n distinctly uniseptate but not<br />
nucleate, .0024 to .0027 in. long, .0005 to .0007 broad.<br />
Dead stems and branches <strong>of</strong> prickl}" ash, Xanthaxylum Ameri-<br />
canum. Mechanicville. May.<br />
In young specimens <strong>the</strong> bark has a much smoo<strong>the</strong>r and cleaner<br />
appearance than in old ones. In <strong>the</strong>se it is roughened and stained<br />
by <strong>the</strong> heaps <strong>of</strong> ejected spores. The young spores have a strong<br />
resemblance to those <strong>of</strong> Massaria vomitoria^ but <strong>the</strong> peri<strong>the</strong>cia<br />
are much smaller than in that species and <strong>the</strong> uniseptate mature<br />
spores are quite distinct.<br />
Ophiobolus subolivaceus n. sp.<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia numerous, depressed, .012 to .014 in. broad, at first<br />
covered by <strong>the</strong> epidermis, <strong>the</strong>n superficial, black ; asci clavate or<br />
jcjdindrical ; spores slightly curved, gradually narrowed toward<br />
each end, yellowish-brown by transmitted light, five-septate, .0(»2<br />
to .0025 in. long, .00016 broad, <strong>the</strong> third cell slightly swollen.<br />
Dead stems <strong>of</strong> herbs, apparentl}'^ <strong>of</strong> ThaliGtrxun polygamum.<br />
Mechanicville. May.<br />
This is closely allied to 0. olivaceu.'
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 37<br />
(D.)<br />
EXTKALIMITAL SPECIES.<br />
The following species <strong>of</strong> fungi, which are considered new or<br />
worthy <strong>of</strong> mention, have been received from correspondents for<br />
identification. They were collected outside <strong>the</strong> limits <strong>of</strong> our<br />
<strong>State</strong> and are <strong>the</strong>refore noticed separately.<br />
Phallus Ravenelii B. & C.<br />
Var. minor. Plant small, 2 to 3.5 inches high, <strong>the</strong> part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
veil pendant from <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem about equal to <strong>the</strong> pileus<br />
in length.<br />
Trexlertown, Pennsylvania. W. Hei^hst.<br />
Queletia mirabilis Fr.<br />
Spent oak tan bark. Trexlertown, Pennsylvania. August.<br />
Herhst. So far as I know, this rare and interesting fungus has<br />
not before been detected in this country. It has <strong>the</strong> appearance<br />
<strong>of</strong> a large overgrown species <strong>of</strong> Tylostoma. The specimens vary<br />
from two to six inches long. The peridium or head is globose,<br />
and from one to two and a half inches in diameter. The stem is<br />
from four to eight lines thick, and externally is very ragged,<br />
shreddy and lacerated. It is easily separable from <strong>the</strong> head, to<br />
which it is attached in a kind <strong>of</strong> socket as in Tylostoma. The<br />
genus Queletia is especially distinguished from Tylostoma in<br />
having no apical aperture to <strong>the</strong> peridium. This, when mature,<br />
cracks open, ei<strong>the</strong>r by a single long fissure or by several. The<br />
description <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> single known species, as given in Sylloge,<br />
does not agree fully with our specimens, but <strong>the</strong>se are mani-<br />
festly <strong>the</strong> same specifically as a specimen collected in France<br />
and communicated to us by Doctor N. Patouillard, who labeled it<br />
Queletia mirabilis Fr. The dimensions <strong>of</strong> our specimens con-<br />
siderably exceed those assigned to <strong>the</strong> species, <strong>the</strong> spores are<br />
smaller and <strong>the</strong> color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> contents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peridium is a dull<br />
tawny or brownish-ochraceous ra<strong>the</strong>r than flavescent or golden
38<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
yellow, so that I should have considered <strong>the</strong>m a distinct species,<br />
or at least a variety, but for <strong>the</strong>ir agreement with <strong>the</strong> specimen<br />
from France.<br />
Phoma exocarpina n. sjy.<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia gregarious, subsuperlicial, .014 in. broad, black;<br />
spores narrowly elliptical, hyaline, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .00016<br />
broad,<br />
Exocarp <strong>of</strong> old pignuts, Carya porcina. Michigan. Ma3^<br />
G. H. Hieks.<br />
Macrophoina Philodendri n. sp.<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia scattered or gregarious, small, .007 to .014 in.<br />
broad, variable in form, thin, erumpent, black, opening by a wide<br />
mouth when moist and revealing <strong>the</strong> white mass <strong>of</strong> spores Avithin;<br />
spores oblong or subcylindrical, colorless, sometimes binucleate,<br />
.0006 to .0008 in. long, .0ool6 to .0002 broad, supported on<br />
slender sporophores about equal to <strong>the</strong> spores in length.<br />
Var. maculicola. Peri<strong>the</strong>cia on definite Avhite spots.<br />
Living and dead leaves <strong>of</strong> Philodendvon pertasum^ growing in<br />
a conservatory. jMichigan. May. Hieks.<br />
Morchella bispora Sor.<br />
Yar. trimcata. Pileus broadly rounded or truncate, its costa?<br />
slightly prominent, <strong>the</strong> margin <strong>of</strong>ten a little recurved ;<br />
numerous ; stem long. Michigan. May. Ilieks.<br />
Geopyxis Hicksii n. sp.<br />
paraphyses<br />
Keceptacle about 6 lines broad, infundibuliform, glabrous,<br />
brownish, <strong>the</strong> lu^menium adorned with a few costal radiating<br />
from <strong>the</strong> center ; stem slender, from 8 to 12 lines long, scarcely<br />
1 line thick, slightly enlarged above and expanding into <strong>the</strong><br />
receptacle, brown ; asci cylindrical .0006 U) .0008 in. long, .0005<br />
broad; spores elliptical, even, .0005 to .('006 in. long, .0003 to<br />
.0004 broad.<br />
Ground. Michigan. Isi-ax. Hicks.<br />
Remarkable for <strong>the</strong> straight radiating ridges <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hymenium,<br />
by whicli <strong>the</strong> species may easily be recognized.
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 39<br />
Urnula Geaster n. sp.<br />
Receptacle urceolate or cupulate, 1 to 2.5 inches broad, at<br />
length splitting into 4 to 6 rays, narrowed below into a stem-like<br />
base 3 to 5 lines thick, externally everywhere clo<strong>the</strong>d with a<br />
dense velvety coat <strong>of</strong> slender, interwoven, minutely papillose<br />
brown hairs, flesh white ; hymenium white or whitish, ,035 in.<br />
thick ; asci very long, cylindrical, .03 in. long ; spores uniseriate,<br />
oblong or oblong-fusiform, pointed at each end, colorless, .0025<br />
to .003 in. long, about .0006 broad, <strong>of</strong>ten containing a single<br />
large nucleus.<br />
Ground. Austin, Texas. November. L. M. Underwood.<br />
This species is well marked by its Geaster-like rays, its dense<br />
external velvety-tomentose covering, its thick hymenium and its<br />
very long spores. These surpass in length <strong>the</strong> spores <strong>of</strong> any<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r species <strong>of</strong> Urnula known to me.<br />
Diatrypella Underwoodii n. sp.<br />
Stroma small, .014 to .028 in. broad, prominent, subsnperficial,<br />
convex or subconical, uneven, black ; peri<strong>the</strong>cia few, 1 to 3 in a<br />
stroma, <strong>the</strong> ostiola obscure; asci fusiform or subclavate, long-<br />
pedicellate, <strong>the</strong> sporiferous part about .003 in. long, <strong>of</strong>ten swollen<br />
or irregularly tumid in <strong>the</strong> middle or at <strong>the</strong> base, <strong>the</strong> pedicel<br />
nearly as long as <strong>the</strong> sporiferous part ; spores allantoid, ,0003 in.<br />
long, .0001 broad.<br />
Dead branches <strong>of</strong> mesquit. Austin, Texas. November.<br />
Underwood.<br />
Distinguished for its very small verrucose stroma with few<br />
peri<strong>the</strong>cia, and for its singularh^ swollen and irregular asci,<br />
Rhytidhysterium Prosopidis w. sp.<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia superficial, very hard when dry, subelliptical or<br />
trigonal, black, with very obtuse, thick, involute, crenulate or<br />
transversely sulcate-costate labia?, becoming expanded and s<strong>of</strong>ter<br />
when moistened, suborbicular, revealing <strong>the</strong> dingy yellowish-<br />
green distinctly margined disk ; asci slender, cylindrical, .007<br />
to .008 in. long, .00045 to .0005 broad, eight-spored ; spores<br />
uniseriate, oblong, sometimes slightly curved, at first colorless<br />
and uniseptate, <strong>the</strong>n colored and triseptate, .0008 to .0012 in.
40<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
long, .0003 to .0004 broad ; paraphyses sliglitly surpassing <strong>the</strong><br />
asci, several times forked or multifid at <strong>the</strong> apex.<br />
Dead branches <strong>of</strong> mesquit, Prosopia juliflora. Austin, Texas.<br />
November. Underwood.<br />
This species is apparently related to B. Braziliense, from<br />
which I have separated it because <strong>of</strong> its more slender asci and<br />
smaller spores.<br />
.<br />
Chaetophoma setigera n. sp.<br />
Peri<strong>the</strong>cia minute, .003 to .005 in. broad, gregarious, epiphyl-<br />
lous and amphigenous, subglobose, black, seated on a thin effused<br />
superficial separable blackish stratum <strong>of</strong> interwoven filaments<br />
and adorned Avith a, few slender erect or divergent black setce<br />
.003 to .0045 in. long ; s]iores numerous, minute, elliptical or<br />
oblong, colorless, .00016 to .00024 in. long, .00008 to .OnOl broad,<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten with a minute nucleus at each end.<br />
Living leaves <strong>of</strong> coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia. Berkeley,<br />
California. March. M. B. Howe.<br />
Cylindrocolla Dendroctoni /Vt.<br />
(Flora <strong>of</strong> West Virginia, p. 516.)<br />
Sporodochia minute, forming irregular masses, white or whitish,<br />
somewhat waxy; sporophores slender, abundantly branched<br />
above, <strong>of</strong>ten compacted below into a short stem-like base ;<br />
spores<br />
catenulate, short cylindrical, subtriincate, colorless, .0001 G to<br />
.0002 in. long, .00008 to .0001 broad.<br />
Dead insects, Dendroctonns frontalis, and <strong>the</strong> inner bark <strong>of</strong><br />
pine just about <strong>the</strong>m. "West Virginia. May. C. F. MilU^paugh.<br />
The insects are probably killed by <strong>the</strong> fungus as <strong>the</strong>y lie dead<br />
in <strong>the</strong> furrows which <strong>the</strong>y had excavated in <strong>the</strong> inner bark <strong>of</strong><br />
pine trees, Pinus inops.<br />
(E.)<br />
NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS.<br />
Anemone Virginiana Z.<br />
The variety with white obtuse petals was found near<br />
Whitehall<br />
Anemone nemorosa L. var. quinquefolia.<br />
Common near Delmar, also at Karner. May.
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 41<br />
Magnolia glauca L.<br />
This small but beautiful tree has long been credited to Long<br />
Island, but I have been able to find it in only a single locality<br />
In this place <strong>the</strong> trees are ten or twelve feet high and very<br />
slender, <strong>the</strong> trunk scarcely exceeding an inch or an inch and a<br />
half in diameter. The branches are short, which give <strong>the</strong> trees<br />
a ra<strong>the</strong>r strict appearance. The flowers are creamy-white and<br />
<strong>the</strong> fruit globular ra<strong>the</strong>r than "oblong." In <strong>the</strong> N. Y. <strong>State</strong><br />
Flora its blossoming time is said to be May and June, but <strong>the</strong><br />
past summer <strong>the</strong> trees were yet in blossom on <strong>the</strong> fifteenth <strong>of</strong><br />
July. It is greatly to be hoped that <strong>the</strong> owners <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> land<br />
where <strong>the</strong>se trees grow will not allow <strong>the</strong>m to be destroyed<br />
There are not many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, and it is possible <strong>the</strong>y may be <strong>the</strong><br />
only wild representatives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species in our <strong>State</strong><br />
Arabis perfoliata Lam.<br />
This rare plant still exists on <strong>the</strong> rocky banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Black<br />
river below Watertown, Avhere it was found more than fifty<br />
years ago.<br />
Buda rubra Bmmmt.<br />
Hempstead Plains. July. A small form three or four inches<br />
high.<br />
Hypericum Ascyron L.<br />
This plant which is not common in our <strong>State</strong> has been found in<br />
Washington county. Burnham.<br />
Erodium Cicutarium Z' Her.<br />
Fields near Schenectady. July. Wibhe.<br />
Flcerkea proserpinacoides Wlllcl.<br />
Near Syracuse. Mrs. L. L. Goodrioh.<br />
Vitis aestivalis Mx. var. bicolor Le Conte.<br />
Whitehall. July.<br />
Polygala polygama Walt.<br />
West side <strong>of</strong> Mount Defiance on thin soil covering rocks.<br />
June. A form having pale-pinkish flowers was collected near<br />
Riverhead ; also near Amagansett. July.<br />
<strong>1892</strong>. 6<br />
.<br />
.
42<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Polygala sanguinea L.<br />
Alcove. September. A late flowering form springing up in<br />
meadows and having <strong>the</strong> flowers wholly bright-purple. The<br />
common form on Long Island, which was in blossom in July, has<br />
<strong>the</strong> flowers greenish-purple.<br />
Adams. June.<br />
Vicia sativa L. var. angustifolia Ser.<br />
Vicia tetrasperma L.<br />
Bethlehem. June. This introduced species <strong>of</strong> vetch is evidently<br />
not limited to places near <strong>the</strong> sea coast as indicated in <strong>the</strong> Manual.<br />
Vicia Cracca L.<br />
Eoadsides. Ticonderoga and Brownville. June.<br />
Rosa blanda Ait.<br />
Rocky banks <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Black river below Brownville. June.<br />
The absence <strong>of</strong> spines in this species toge<strong>the</strong>r with its glabrous<br />
i:)eduncles and calyx tubes and its persistent sepals, makes it one<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most easily recognizable <strong>of</strong> our native roses. The stems<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten have a few prickles toward <strong>the</strong> base but so far as I have<br />
seen <strong>the</strong>y are always glabrous above. The rose found near<br />
Westport and which, in this <strong>Report</strong> I have referred to R. Sayi,<br />
seems to be intermediate between this species and typical R. Sayi.<br />
Its fruit is similar to that <strong>of</strong> R. hlanda, but its stems and <strong>of</strong>ten its<br />
branches are very prickly, its stipules which are ei<strong>the</strong>r narrow or<br />
dilated are distinctly glandular-ciliate and its leaflets are more<br />
rounded at <strong>the</strong> base and <strong>the</strong>ir serratures occasionally serrulate.<br />
The prickly stems usually have slender spines interspersed among<br />
<strong>the</strong> prickles. For <strong>the</strong>se reasons it seems ra<strong>the</strong>r to be a variety <strong>of</strong><br />
R. Sayi than <strong>of</strong> R. hlanda.<br />
Rosa Carolina L.<br />
This is <strong>the</strong> only wild rose I have found in <strong>the</strong> heart <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Adirondack wilderness. It occurs along <strong>the</strong> inlets <strong>of</strong> Raquette<br />
lake and at Forked lake. It is in flower <strong>the</strong>re in August. In one<br />
instance a tendency to <strong>the</strong> formation <strong>of</strong> double flowers was shown,<br />
<strong>the</strong> blossom having seven petals. The species occurs in all parts<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong>. The fine serratures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leaflets appear to be <strong>the</strong>
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 43<br />
most available character for distinguishing this species from its<br />
allies. The stems are sometimes very prickly, especially when<br />
young.<br />
Rosa lucida Ehrh.<br />
" Margins <strong>of</strong> s^vamps or moist places " is given in <strong>the</strong> Manual<br />
as <strong>the</strong> habitat <strong>of</strong> this species. On Long Island it is not uncommon<br />
to find unmistakable forms <strong>of</strong> it growing in dry places and asso-<br />
ciated with E. humilis. The stout spines, which are ei<strong>the</strong>r<br />
straight or curved, seem to be <strong>the</strong> most available character by<br />
which to distinguish it from R. humilis, but it must be confessed<br />
that intermediate forms occur which are perplexing. I have not<br />
observed prickles on <strong>the</strong> stem <strong>of</strong> this species, but <strong>the</strong>y are some-<br />
times present in 7?. humilis.<br />
Anielanchier Canadensis T. t& G.<br />
A form <strong>of</strong> variety rotundifoUa, three to six feet high, occurs<br />
in sandy soil near Karner. Variety ohlongifolia also grows <strong>the</strong>re,<br />
but generally with <strong>the</strong> leaves rounded or broadly oval. A dwarf<br />
form also occurs, three or four feet high and having three to six<br />
flowers in a raceme. The petals are short and narrow.<br />
Sedum acre L.<br />
Very plentiful about Brownville, growing in thin soil covering<br />
rocks.<br />
Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt.<br />
Fisher's island, Suffolk county. Rev. J. L. Zabrishie. The<br />
small variety limosum.<br />
Lythrum Salicaria L.<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Lake Champlain. iw^y.<br />
Cuphea viscossissima Jacq.<br />
Vaughn's, Washington count3^ Burnhaia. This is an exten-<br />
sion <strong>of</strong> its range northward.<br />
Opuntia vulgaris Mill.<br />
Specimens <strong>of</strong> an Opuntia found growing Ir sandy soil near <strong>the</strong><br />
mouth <strong>of</strong> Peconic river, with few or no spines, short leaves and<br />
fruit not over an inch long appear to be referable to this species,<br />
to which <strong>the</strong>v are referred in <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> Flora.
44<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Galium pilosum Ait.<br />
A small form six to nine inches high, with short internodes,<br />
leaves about half an inch long and flowers crowded in small<br />
dense chisters was collected on <strong>the</strong> north slope <strong>of</strong> Skylight<br />
mountain, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Adirondacks. It might be called variety<br />
parvum.<br />
Galium circsezans Mx. var, glabrum Britton.<br />
Leaves and stems nearly glabrous ; corolla glabrous. "White-<br />
hall, New Scotland and Sandlake. July.<br />
Solidago bicolor L.<br />
A branching form, both <strong>of</strong> this and its variety concolor, is<br />
quite common. Each branch is terminated by a spike-like<br />
panicle <strong>of</strong> flowers.<br />
Solidago humilis Pitrsh.<br />
Top <strong>of</strong> Bald mountain, near Third lake, Herkimer county.<br />
Four distinct forms <strong>of</strong> this species occur in this limited station.<br />
First, a very leafy dwarf form, four to six inches high with a<br />
short dense panicle one to two inches long. Second, a very<br />
leafy form eight to twelve inches high, with an oblong leafy<br />
interrupted but dense panicle. The margins <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lower leaves<br />
are <strong>of</strong>ten wavy toward <strong>the</strong> base. These forms make a very close<br />
approach to <strong>the</strong> Western var. nana. Third, a still taller form<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> stem is less leafy, <strong>the</strong> leaves are smaller, more narrow<br />
and scattered, and <strong>the</strong> panicle is elongated, narrow and<br />
spike-like, but commonly interrupted ei<strong>the</strong>r in its entire length<br />
or toward <strong>the</strong> base only. This is one to two feet high. The<br />
upper leaves are entire, <strong>the</strong> lower and radical ones more or less<br />
bluntly serrate. The stem is ei<strong>the</strong>r green or purple and is gla-<br />
brous below. This is <strong>the</strong> most abundant form. The fourth<br />
form is like this in all respects except that it has a broader, more<br />
branched panicle The panicles in all <strong>the</strong> forms are so glutinous<br />
that <strong>the</strong>y adhere to <strong>the</strong> drying papers when placed in press.<br />
It is a little remarkable that this species should exhibit such<br />
a variety <strong>of</strong> forms in such a limited locality. All <strong>the</strong> forms<br />
appeared to be growing under <strong>the</strong> same conditions <strong>of</strong> soil, tem-<br />
perature, moisture and exposure. I suspect this is <strong>the</strong> plant<br />
which in Paine's Catalogue is referred to Solidago speciosa var.<br />
angustata. It is separable from that species by its glutinous
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 45<br />
panicle, more numerous rays and more narrow radical leaves.<br />
A large form <strong>of</strong> this species was collected on <strong>the</strong> gravelly bank<br />
at <strong>the</strong> outlet <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lower Ausable pond. It is apparantly <strong>the</strong><br />
same as that credited in <strong>the</strong> Manual to <strong>the</strong> " base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> White<br />
Mountains "<br />
Solidago uliginosa JSFutt.<br />
In a " beaver meadow " about one mile sou<strong>the</strong>ast <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Forge<br />
House, Fulton Chain, a singular form <strong>of</strong> this species grows. The<br />
lower branches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> panicle are elongated and appressed,<br />
thus causing <strong>the</strong> panicle to take a pompon shape. In this locality<br />
<strong>the</strong> species was in blossom in August, and did not appear to be<br />
any earlier than Solidago arguta, S. Canadensis^ S. rugosa and<br />
S. lanceolata, all <strong>of</strong> which were in flower <strong>the</strong>re at <strong>the</strong> same time.<br />
Solidago rugosa Mill.<br />
A variety pallida, having both ray and disk flowers a pale<br />
creamy yellow color, occurs at Shokan, Ulster county.<br />
Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. elongata Pk.<br />
Abundant about Shokan.<br />
Aster Herveyi Gray.<br />
Borders <strong>of</strong> woods. Blue Mountain lake and Voorheesville.<br />
August and September.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> Manual this is indicated as an "ambiguous species"<br />
approaching A. inacrophyllus. It is indeed liable to be mistaken<br />
for that species, at least in some <strong>of</strong> its forms, if I rightly understand<br />
it. In <strong>the</strong> New York specimens <strong>the</strong> branchlets and<br />
peduncles are glandular-hairy and <strong>the</strong> involucral scales are<br />
glandular and <strong>the</strong> rays are violet as in A. Ilerveyi, though<br />
in some instances <strong>the</strong> color is ])ale violet. On tlie o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
hand, <strong>the</strong> leaves are not always lanceolate, but are sometimes<br />
ovate and distinctly serrate. They are also rough and ra<strong>the</strong>r<br />
thick as in ^. macrophyllus. But this species, as described in<br />
<strong>the</strong> N. Y. <strong>State</strong> Flora, has a reddish-tawny pappus, while in<br />
our violet-rayed specimens <strong>the</strong> pappus is white or whitish, which<br />
is an additional reason for separating <strong>the</strong>m from A. tnacrophyUus<br />
if this should prove to be a reliable character. It seems best,<br />
<strong>the</strong>refore, to consider <strong>the</strong>m as a variety <strong>of</strong> A. Herveyi, and to
46<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
indicate <strong>the</strong>ir character thus : Aster Herveyi Gr. var. intermedia<br />
Pk. Branchlets and peduncles glandular-hairy ; heads large<br />
rays violet ; involucral scales glandular, erect, all or all except<br />
<strong>the</strong> Ioniser and more pointed inner ones, green or with green<br />
tips ; pappus white or whitish ; leaves ra<strong>the</strong>r thick and rough,<br />
ovate or lanceolate, <strong>the</strong> lower on naked petioles and more or less<br />
cordate, <strong>the</strong> upper sessile, <strong>the</strong> radical leaves large, broadly ovate-<br />
cordate, rough, on long naked petioles.<br />
Apparently intermediate l)etween typical A. Herveyi and<br />
A. macrophyllus. With this it has probably been confused, but<br />
from it it may be separated b}' <strong>the</strong> larger heads, color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
rays and pappus and glandular peduncles.<br />
Aster corymbosus Alt.<br />
A pale, violet-rayed form with white pappus was obtained at<br />
Shokan. In general appearance it is quite like ordinary forms,<br />
but <strong>the</strong> color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rays and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pappus indicates a slight<br />
variation toward A. Herveyi.<br />
Aster cordifolius L. var, laevigatas Porter.<br />
This variety, well-marked and easily recognized, though not<br />
indicated in <strong>the</strong> Manual, extends northward to Shokan, in <strong>the</strong><br />
Catskill mountains.<br />
Aster laevis L.<br />
West Albany. Septemljer. A form having rays nearly white.<br />
This is apparently <strong>the</strong> same or nearly <strong>the</strong> same as <strong>the</strong> white-rayed<br />
form found at Fort Edward l^y Dr. Vanden'burg and mentioned<br />
in <strong>the</strong> Flora <strong>of</strong> Xorth America. The color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rays becomes<br />
a little more bluish-tinted in drying.<br />
Aster diffusus Ait. var. variifolius n. oar.<br />
Heads scattered, mostl}' on bracted peduncles one-half to one<br />
inch long; branches horizontally spreading or slightly ascending;<br />
leaves sharply serrate with prominent teeth, varying from very<br />
long and narrowly lanceolate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, <strong>the</strong><br />
broadest ones abruptly narrowed towards <strong>the</strong> base as if into a<br />
widely margined petiole.<br />
Sandlake and Catskill mountains. September.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> Manual this species is described as having <strong>the</strong> leaves<br />
lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, <strong>the</strong> lower somewhat serrate in<br />
;
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 47<br />
<strong>the</strong> middle. In our specimens all <strong>the</strong> leaves have very distinct<br />
serratures and <strong>the</strong>y vary greatly in shape. Because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
scattered heads on long peduncles it seems to connect with<br />
A. Tradeseanti, from which, as well as from A. diffusus var.<br />
hifrons, it differs in <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> its leaves.<br />
Aster prenanthoides Muhl.<br />
This species which, in <strong>the</strong> N. Y. Flora, is credited to <strong>the</strong><br />
western part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> only, is abundant and variable in <strong>the</strong><br />
Catskill mountains. The heads are corymbose or paniculate, <strong>the</strong><br />
rays are white, bluish-white, violet or blue and <strong>the</strong> leaves vary<br />
from <strong>the</strong> typical ovate acuminate form with its long abrupt and<br />
conspicuously contracted base to a narrowh' lanceolate form in<br />
which <strong>the</strong> basal contraction is scarcely noticeable. They vary in<br />
length from two and a half to six or seven inches. They are<br />
generally distinctly serrate, but in a form which seems sufficiently<br />
well marked to merit designation as variety diffusifolius, <strong>the</strong><br />
serratures are less prominent, <strong>the</strong> leaves are shorter, widest in<br />
<strong>the</strong> middle and less abruptly contracted, so thai in shape <strong>the</strong>y are<br />
strongly suggestive <strong>of</strong> those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ordinary form <strong>of</strong> A. difusus.<br />
The paniculate heads are about three lines high and <strong>the</strong> scales<br />
are less spreading than in <strong>the</strong> type.<br />
This variety seems to run into A. prenanthoides on one hand<br />
and into A. jnmiceus on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r. Its agreement with <strong>the</strong><br />
description <strong>of</strong> A. jnmiceus var. Icevicaidis is very close, and I<br />
have not referred our s[)ecimens to this variety because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
character and arrangement <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> hairs <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> upper part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
stem and its branches and because <strong>of</strong> its apparently more close<br />
connection with A. prenanthoides in habitat size and appearance<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heads and shape <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> leaves. The plants were asso-<br />
ciated in locality with both <strong>the</strong>se species and may perhaps be a<br />
cross between <strong>the</strong>m.<br />
Senecio aureus L. var. Balsamitse T. & G.<br />
Rocky bank <strong>of</strong> Black river below Brownville. June.<br />
Hieracium. preealtum Vill.<br />
This troublesome weed, recently introduced into <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> is rapidly spreading. It was found in three<br />
places near Adams, Jefferson county. It is evidently not par-
48<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
ticular as to soil or surroundings. It grows in sandy, clayey or<br />
gravelly soil, in places wet or dry, on naked ground or among<br />
grasses and exposed to <strong>the</strong> full rays <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sun or protected by<br />
<strong>the</strong> shade <strong>of</strong> trees. It already has a foothold in at least three<br />
counties<br />
Vaccinium stamineum L.<br />
Th( fruit <strong>of</strong> this species sometimes attains a diameter <strong>of</strong> live<br />
or six lines. Its flavor is similar to that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cranberry for<br />
which it might be made a substitute.<br />
Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi ISpreng.<br />
Abundant in sandy soil in <strong>the</strong> eastern part <strong>of</strong> Long Island.<br />
Primula Mistassinica Mx.<br />
This rare and local plant is still an inliabitant <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rocky<br />
cliffs along Fish creek above Taberg. Its flowers vary in color<br />
from white to pink or lilac.<br />
Phlox divaricata X.<br />
Near Sanford's Corners, Jefferson county. June.<br />
Mimulus moschatus J>ougl.<br />
Near Middle Grove, Saratoga county. July. Wibhe.<br />
Woods near Shokan.<br />
Conopholis Americana Wallr.<br />
E,um.ex verticillatus L.<br />
Head <strong>of</strong> Lake Champlain growing in water two or three feet<br />
deep and emitting from <strong>the</strong> submerged joints <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem<br />
numerous rootlets.<br />
Polygonum amphibium L.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> pond and river which form <strong>the</strong> outlet <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Fulton<br />
Chain <strong>of</strong> lakes, this species forms circular patches, which, from<br />
a little distance, might be taken for small islands. The plants<br />
are densely matted and in <strong>the</strong> central part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ])atch <strong>the</strong>y rise<br />
above <strong>the</strong> surface <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> water and send up erect shoots, thus<br />
giving <strong>the</strong> aspect <strong>of</strong> an elevation in <strong>the</strong> center. Contrary to <strong>the</strong><br />
Manual descri[ttion, <strong>the</strong>se plants have flower spikes from one to
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>, 49<br />
three inches long as in P. MuTilen\ergii. Nor are <strong>the</strong>se always<br />
terminal, for <strong>the</strong> stem is sometimes prolonged or branched near<br />
<strong>the</strong> top in such a way as to leave <strong>the</strong> flower spikes lateral or<br />
axillary. I label <strong>the</strong> specimens var, longispicatum.<br />
Polygonum acre H. B, K.<br />
Sea shore near Amagansett, ZvXj. This is a form in which<br />
<strong>the</strong> leaf has a dark colored central spot.<br />
Polygonum, cilinode Mx.<br />
A small form, variety erectum, eight to twelve inches high,<br />
was discovered on <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> Bald mountain. Not finding any-<br />
thing on which to climb it assumes an erect mode <strong>of</strong> growth.<br />
It is ei<strong>the</strong>r simple or sparsely branched. Its behavior is in<br />
marked contrast to that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> woodbine, Cissus Ampelopsis^<br />
ano<strong>the</strong>r climbing plant, which, when growing in places where it<br />
finds nothing on which to climb, trails over <strong>the</strong> ground.<br />
Aplectrum hiemale Nutt.<br />
This rare plant occurs sparingly near Vaughn's, Washington<br />
county. Bm'nham.<br />
Habenaria lacera B.. Br.<br />
Border <strong>of</strong> woods. Selkirk. July. This is a peculiar form<br />
worthy <strong>of</strong> designation as var. elongata. Flower spike eight to<br />
ten inches long, bracts narrow, linear-lanceolate, <strong>the</strong> lower ones<br />
much longer than <strong>the</strong> flowers, segments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> corolla, longer<br />
and more slender than usual, <strong>the</strong> middle segment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lip<br />
linear, scarcely widened at <strong>the</strong> tip.<br />
Aletris farinosa L.<br />
Abundant on Hempstead Plains in open fields. July.<br />
Jancus tenuis WUld. var. secundus Eagelm.<br />
Riverhead and Amagansett. July. Blue Mountain lake.<br />
August. The branches <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> panicle are not always incurved,<br />
but <strong>the</strong> secuad capsules give to <strong>the</strong> plant a very distinct appear-<br />
ance. Yar. congestus, or its eastern analogue, was collected at<br />
Amagansett.<br />
18y.. 7
50<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> tee <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Juncus Greenii 0.
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>, 51<br />
Carex torta Boott.<br />
Three quite distinct forms <strong>of</strong> tiiis species grow along Fish<br />
,> creek, near Taberg. In one <strong>the</strong> fertile spikes are long, loosely<br />
f<br />
flowered at <strong>the</strong> base, and distant, and <strong>the</strong> lowest bract is long<br />
and leaf-like, much surpassing <strong>the</strong> spike and neai'ly equaling <strong>the</strong><br />
culm in length. In <strong>the</strong> second <strong>the</strong> spikes are approximate with<br />
<strong>the</strong> bracts ver}^ slender and shorter than <strong>the</strong> spikes. In <strong>the</strong> third<br />
form <strong>the</strong> fertile spikes are shorter, about one inch long, more<br />
compactly flowered, approximate and erect or merely spreading.<br />
All are more or less staminate at <strong>the</strong> apex and <strong>the</strong> scale equals or<br />
exceeds <strong>the</strong> perigynium. The bracts are shorter than <strong>the</strong> spikes.<br />
This form approaches Carex stricta in appearance and is so well<br />
marked that I would caU it var. staininata.<br />
Carex Hitchcockiana Dew.<br />
Slopes <strong>of</strong> Mt. Defiance. This is a few-flowered form having<br />
one to three perigynia in a spike, with <strong>the</strong> scales barely equaling,<br />
or shorter than <strong>the</strong> perigynia.<br />
Carex Pennsylvanica Lam.<br />
This is a very variable species, and some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> forms seem to<br />
be worthy <strong>of</strong> special designation, as forms if not varieties.<br />
Form hracteata. Bract <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lowest spike green, elongated,<br />
generally exceeding its spike. Oak woods. Yoorheesville.<br />
Yorva. paleacea. Scale large, ovate-lanceolate, longer than <strong>the</strong><br />
perigynium. Sandy soil. Karner.<br />
Variety distans. Fertile spikes four to eight lines apart. Sandy<br />
soil. Lerayville.<br />
Variety angustifolia. Leaves very narrow, one-half to two-<br />
thirds <strong>of</strong> a line wide, mostly longer than <strong>the</strong> culm. Long Island.<br />
This appears to be a good variety. By its narrow leaves it<br />
approaches Carex varia Muhl., but <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spikes<br />
and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> perigynia require its reference to G. Pennsylvanica.<br />
Form hracteata makes an approach toward C communis.<br />
Carex cephaloidea Dew.<br />
"Woods near Adams. June. Eare in <strong>the</strong> eastern part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>State</strong>.
52<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Carex canescens L.<br />
Montauk Point. July. This is a singular form in which <strong>the</strong><br />
uppermost spike is wholly staminate or nearly so. I call it var.<br />
staminata.<br />
Carex foenea Wllld var. perplexa Bailey.<br />
Rocky hills near Whitehall. July. In our s})ecimens <strong>the</strong> s])ikes<br />
are distinctly narrowed at <strong>the</strong> base, <strong>the</strong> heads are sometimes<br />
slightly nodding and <strong>the</strong> inner face <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> perigynium is less-<br />
prominently nerved. They appear to approach more nearly C.<br />
straminea.<br />
Carex tribuloides Wald. var. Bebbii Bailey.<br />
Lansingburgh. Howe. Variety irducta Bailey was collected<br />
at Blue Mountain lake in a 'form with <strong>the</strong> spikes aggregated in<br />
an oblong head, an inch or an inch and a half long. It might be<br />
called form aggregata.<br />
Setaria Italica Kunth.<br />
Raquette lake. A chvarf form with s})ikes scarcely half an<br />
inch long, ap])arently <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> an attempt to cultivate <strong>the</strong><br />
Hungarian grass in a cold climate and an uncongenial soil.<br />
Agrostis alba L. var. minor Va.^ey<br />
Lansiug'burgh. Howe. A form closelv resembling- tliis in<br />
external appearance, but having an awn as long as <strong>the</strong> flower and<br />
a palet about one-fourth as long as <strong>the</strong> flowering glume, was col-<br />
lected at Riverhead. It is well marked by <strong>the</strong> awri, which rises<br />
near <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flower and is somewhat bent in <strong>the</strong> middle,<br />
but o<strong>the</strong>r forms also have tlie same kind <strong>of</strong> an awm, notably <strong>the</strong><br />
one which in <strong>the</strong> Flora <strong>of</strong> New York is referred to .1. stricta.<br />
Calamagrostis Canadensis Bo.<br />
In <strong>the</strong> Adirondack' region this common grass <strong>of</strong>ten has <strong>the</strong><br />
panicle contracted both before and after flow^ering.<br />
Trisetum subspicatum Bv. var. molle Gr.<br />
Abundant on <strong>the</strong> rocky banks <strong>of</strong> Black river below Brownville.<br />
June.<br />
.
Repobt <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 53<br />
Poa serotina Ehrh.<br />
( )n dry rocky hillsides near Whitehall is a form having panicles<br />
<strong>of</strong> comparatively few two-flowered spikelets.<br />
Glyceria nervata Trin.<br />
Woods near Adams. June. This is a leafy form Avith small<br />
green flowers and s])ikelets for which Dr. Vasey suggests <strong>the</strong><br />
name var. parviHora.<br />
Glyceria grandis Wats.<br />
Whitehall. July. A form with green spikelets. It grew in<br />
<strong>the</strong> shade.<br />
Aspidium spinulosum Sw.<br />
The typical form <strong>of</strong> this fern is said to be rare in this country.<br />
It is very abundant near <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> Blue mountain. August.<br />
Lygodium palinatum Sio.<br />
McDonough, Chenango county. Mrs. D. B. Fitch. Tliis is <strong>the</strong><br />
second station in which this fern has been found in our <strong>State</strong>.<br />
Botrychium ternatum Sin.<br />
A IcoN'c. Shear. A singular form with two fertile fronds.<br />
Amanita muscaria L. var. alba Pk.<br />
This variety is common about Alcove. Shear. It also occurs<br />
on Long Island in two forms, <strong>the</strong> normal one and a smaller one<br />
in which <strong>the</strong> warts <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus are evanescent or wanting. Not<br />
infrequently it makes a close approach to white forms <strong>of</strong> A.<br />
pau<strong>the</strong>rina, in having <strong>the</strong> u])j)er part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bulb uniformity mar-<br />
gined by <strong>the</strong> remains <strong>of</strong> tlie definitely circumscissile volva, but<br />
this margin is more acute than in that species.<br />
Armillaria mellea Vahl.<br />
There seems to be no end to <strong>the</strong> variations <strong>of</strong> this most poly-<br />
morphous species. A well marked variety, var. hulhosa, has <strong>the</strong><br />
stem ra<strong>the</strong>r short and terminating below in a large bulb. Two
54<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
patches <strong>of</strong> this variety were found near Shokan. The plants<br />
"were growing on <strong>the</strong> ground under hemlock trees, Tsuga Cana-<br />
densis^ and were generally c^espitose. There were scores <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
tufts and in all, <strong>the</strong> plants had bulbous stems. Ihis is <strong>the</strong> direct<br />
counterpart to var. radicaia, in which <strong>the</strong> stem ends below in a<br />
long root-like point which penetrates <strong>the</strong> earth deeply, and<br />
resembles <strong>the</strong> tap-root <strong>of</strong> CoUyhia radicata. Varieties hscura<br />
flava and glahra <strong>of</strong> Gillet all occur in our <strong>State</strong>, and to <strong>the</strong>se may<br />
be added also var. albida Pk. in which <strong>the</strong> pileus is white or<br />
whitish. I have also received f r< )m I<br />
)r. Taylor <strong>of</strong> "Washington,<br />
D. C, and from Dr. Jelliffe <strong>of</strong> Brooklyn, a densely cgespitose,<br />
slender-stemmed form with no annulus, it being evanescent or<br />
entirely wanting This I call var. ex.annulata. It is scarcely<br />
distinguishable from Clitocybe aquatica Banning, and Clitocyhe<br />
mona
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 55<br />
Pholiota discolor Pk.<br />
Ydir. minor. Small; pileus 6 to 10 lines broad, chestnut color<br />
when young or moist ; stem about 1 line thick, at first clo<strong>the</strong>d<br />
with whitish fibrils. Among mosses about or on <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong><br />
stumps. Shokan. September.<br />
Galera teneroides Pk.<br />
This species is not rare in <strong>the</strong> Adirondack woods. It <strong>of</strong>ten<br />
grows on decaying wood and branches. The color, though<br />
approaching that <strong>of</strong> G. tener, is more dull or broAvnish both<br />
when moist and when dry. The moist pileus is sometimes<br />
striatulate almost to <strong>the</strong> disk.<br />
Agaricus silvicola Vltt.<br />
The New York specimens heret<strong>of</strong>ore referred to this species<br />
differ in some respects from <strong>the</strong> European plant if we may rely<br />
upon <strong>the</strong> published descriptions. The stem is quite constantly<br />
abruptly bulbous at <strong>the</strong> base, and <strong>the</strong> annulus is usually double,<br />
<strong>the</strong> lower or exterior one being <strong>of</strong> a floccose texture, smaller<br />
and split iu a radiating manner as in that <strong>of</strong> A. arvensis.<br />
The very young lamellai are also whitish as in that species and<br />
wounds or bruises <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> flesh are apt to become yellowish, all <strong>of</strong><br />
which indicate a closer affinity in our plant to A. arvensis than<br />
to A. camj)ester. It seems to me, <strong>the</strong>refore, that greater scientific<br />
accuracy Avill be attained by referring our ])lant to A. arve/isis'Sis<br />
a var. abrvjytns, and considering it distinct from <strong>the</strong> European<br />
A. .nlvicohi, which is described as having a simple annulus<br />
and whicl] is figured as having <strong>the</strong> stem slightly and gradually<br />
thickened at <strong>the</strong> base. The name air apt us will indicate <strong>the</strong><br />
character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> bulb in our plant. I have made trial <strong>of</strong> its<br />
edible tjualities and find it very good eating, though scarcely as<br />
highly flavored as <strong>the</strong> common mushroom.<br />
Psilocybe squalidella Pk.<br />
Yar. Gcespitosa. Densely ca3spitose; pilei <strong>of</strong>ten irregular from<br />
mutual pressure, firm but flexible and elastic, pale-alutaceous or<br />
watery-brown when moist, ochraceous or reddish-yellow when<br />
dry ; stem subcartilaginous, somewhat fibrous, stuffed or hollow,<br />
frequently wavy, reddish-brown or rufescent, })aler at <strong>the</strong> top,
56<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
especially when young, usually with a dense whitish or gray<br />
villosity at tlie base.<br />
In ct |)l;;c('s. Shokan. September.<br />
The typical for u <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species was referred to Hypholoma,<br />
but <strong>the</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> any well-developed veil and <strong>the</strong> subcartila-<br />
ginous texture <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem indicate that its true place is in<br />
Psilocybe, in <strong>the</strong> vicinitv <strong>of</strong> P spadicea.<br />
Cortinarius pulchrifolius Pk.<br />
Delmar and Shokan. September. This rare species, which is<br />
well-marked by <strong>the</strong> peculiar color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> young lamellae which<br />
resembles that <strong>of</strong> tl.ie Limellge <strong>of</strong> Clitoeyle laccata or ^^ ochropur-<br />
piir
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>, 57<br />
Trametis Sepium JBerk.<br />
This species <strong>of</strong>ten occurs in a resupinate form, which, when<br />
growing in <strong>the</strong> woods, is sometimes several inches in extent. The<br />
pileate form is generally very narrow though sometimes greatly<br />
elongated laterally by <strong>the</strong> confluence <strong>of</strong> several individuals.<br />
Stereum complicatum. FV.<br />
Yar. laceratum. Margin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus lacerated or multifid.<br />
Shokan. September.<br />
Pterula setosa Pk.<br />
Dr. Patouillard has founded a new genus, Hirsutella, to which<br />
he has transferred this species. He also transfers Thelephora<br />
pedicellata Schw. to a new genus, Septobasidium.<br />
Comatricha aqualis Ph.<br />
Mr. Geo. Massee, in his Monograph <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Myxogastres, con-<br />
cludes that <strong>the</strong> genus Comatricha is so intimately connected with<br />
<strong>the</strong> genus Stemonitis that it is untenable. He <strong>the</strong>refore places<br />
this and o<strong>the</strong>r species <strong>of</strong> Comatricha in Stemonitis. This species<br />
is sometimes abundant on decaying wood <strong>of</strong> sugar maple in <strong>the</strong><br />
Adirondack forests. The thin fugacious walls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> sporangia<br />
have a silvery luster.<br />
Trichia reniformis Pk.<br />
Bark <strong>of</strong> striped maple, Acer Pennsylvanicum. Fulton Chain.<br />
August. A rare but well-marked and very distinct species. The<br />
clustered or subcsespitose mode <strong>of</strong> growth, <strong>the</strong> brown color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
peridia and <strong>the</strong> short elaters are peculiar features. It has also<br />
occurred at Karner on bark <strong>of</strong> red maple, Acei' ruhruTn.<br />
Didymium microcarpum. Post.<br />
An apparent variety <strong>of</strong> this species has spores a little larger<br />
than in <strong>the</strong> type and on smooth surfaces <strong>the</strong> stem rises from a<br />
circular h3'pothallus, which is adorned with radiating lines as in<br />
D. radiatum.<br />
Chrysomyxa Pyrolae P^ostr.<br />
Living leaves <strong>of</strong> Pyrola chlorantha. Delmar. June. The uredo<br />
form on this host has <strong>the</strong> sori mucji more scattered than on <strong>the</strong><br />
leaves <strong>of</strong> Pyrola rottmdifolia.<br />
<strong>1892</strong>. 8
58<br />
Beport <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
PloAvrigiitia morbosa Sacc.<br />
This noxious fungus is subject to considerable variation in its<br />
behavior and in its time <strong>of</strong> fruiting. Specimens were collected<br />
on choke cherry, Primus Virginiana, near Karner, May 16th, in<br />
which conidia and ascospores were both present in abundance.<br />
CoTiidia-bearing excrescences were also found which were evi-<br />
dently due to <strong>the</strong> sowing <strong>of</strong> spores, as <strong>the</strong>y were alone on<br />
branches containing no o<strong>the</strong>rs. These probably were due to last<br />
year's sowing <strong>of</strong> spores, for if <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present year's sowing <strong>the</strong>y<br />
must have developed with unusual rapidity. Specimens <strong>of</strong> this<br />
fungus were also collected on <strong>the</strong> wild red cherry, Prunus Penn-<br />
sylvanica, on <strong>the</strong> slopes <strong>of</strong> Blue mountain. The excrescences<br />
were mostly single on <strong>the</strong> branches and gave no evidence <strong>of</strong> a dispo-<br />
sition to spread by <strong>the</strong> extension <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> mycelium. In many cases<br />
<strong>the</strong> affected branch was already dead or in a dying condition, in<br />
which cases <strong>the</strong>re would, <strong>of</strong> course, be no spread <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> disease<br />
by <strong>the</strong> mycelium.<br />
Cryptospora suffusa Tul.<br />
Yar. nuda. Stroma not sutfused with a yellowish dust. On<br />
dead stems <strong>of</strong> alder and hazel-nut. Karner and West Albany,<br />
The black circumscribing line is also ap]5arently absent in some<br />
cases.<br />
NEW YORK SPECIES OF rLUTEOLUS.<br />
Pleuteolus Fr.<br />
Pileus slightly fleshy, conical or campanulate, <strong>the</strong>n expanded,<br />
viscid, <strong>the</strong> margin at first straight, appressed to <strong>the</strong> stem ; stem<br />
subcartilaginous, distinct from <strong>the</strong> hymenophorum ; lamellae<br />
rounded-free. Hym. Europ., p. 266.<br />
This genus corresponds to <strong>the</strong> genus Pluteus in <strong>the</strong> pink-spored<br />
series. The species are similar in structure to <strong>the</strong> species <strong>of</strong> that<br />
genus, but <strong>the</strong>y difi'er somewhat in <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem and<br />
in <strong>the</strong> color <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lamelhe and spores. Its species were sep-<br />
arated by Fries from <strong>the</strong> genus Galera because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir viscid<br />
pileus and free lamelhi?. I have included in it two species<br />
formerly referred to Galera by me. They are Galera expansa
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 59<br />
and G. callista. They do not quite fully meet <strong>the</strong> requirements<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> generic character inasmuch as <strong>the</strong>ir lamella? are not<br />
entirely free, but in o<strong>the</strong>r respects, and especially in <strong>the</strong> viscid<br />
pileus, <strong>the</strong>y agree better with this genus than with Galera. The<br />
attachment- <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> lamellae to <strong>the</strong> stem is very slight, but just<br />
enough to show <strong>the</strong> intimate relationship <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> two genera.<br />
Synopsis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Species.<br />
Lamellae wholly free 1<br />
Lamellae slightl}^ adnexed 2<br />
1. Plant growing on dung or rich soil coprophilus.<br />
1. Plant growing on decaying wood .... reticulatus.<br />
2. Plant growing on damp soil in exsiccated water<br />
holes callistus.<br />
2. Plant growing on decaying wood or rich soil . . . expansus.<br />
Pleuteolus coprophilus n. sp.<br />
Dung-lovinCt Plutkolus.<br />
Pileus thin, submembranous, fragile, conical or campanulate,<br />
becoming nearly plane, somewhat viscid when moist, finely<br />
striate on <strong>the</strong> margin, pinkish-grey; lamellee narrow, crowded,<br />
free, pale cinnamon ; stem long, straight or somewhat flexuous,<br />
hollow, white, sometimes tinged with pink; spores elliptical,<br />
dark-ferruginous, .0005 to ^006 in. long, about .0003 in. broad.<br />
Pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad ; stem 2 to 3.5 in. long, 1 to 2 lines<br />
thick.<br />
Dung heaps. Albany and Warren counties. May and June,<br />
The plants sometimes are caespitose. The striations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pileus are similar to those <strong>of</strong> Galera lateritia, from which this<br />
species is separated by its more expanded viscid pileus, different<br />
color and free lamellae.<br />
Pluteolus expansus Pk.<br />
Expanded Pluteolus.<br />
CGalera expansa Pk. Twenty-sixth <strong>State</strong> Mus. Rep., p. 58.)<br />
Pileus submembranaceous, becoming nearly plane or centrally<br />
depressed, viscid, plicate-striate on <strong>the</strong> margin, brownish-ochra-<br />
ceous, <strong>of</strong>ten tinged with yellow, grey, pink or greenish hues;<br />
lamellae narrow, close, rounded behind, slightly adnexed, pale
60<br />
cinnamon or ferruginous ;<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
stem ra<strong>the</strong>r long, slender, fragile, equal<br />
or slightly tapering upward, hollow, faintly striate, pruinose,<br />
yellow or greenish-yellow ; spores .00045 to .0005 in. long, .00025<br />
to .0003 broad.<br />
Pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad ; stem 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 lines<br />
thick.<br />
Decaying wood and rich ground. ( )nondaga and Rensselaer<br />
counties. June to August.<br />
Var. terrestris. Pileus grayish-yellow, tinged with green, stem<br />
greenish-yellow. Growing on rich or well-manured soil. The<br />
plicate striations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus are similar to those <strong>of</strong> Galera<br />
flava and G. coprinoides. The species has been removed to this<br />
genus because <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> viscidity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus, never<strong>the</strong>less it must<br />
be confessed that such a feature is scarcely satisfactory for<br />
generic distinction.<br />
Pluteolus callistus Pk.<br />
Most Beautiful Pluteolus.<br />
(^Galera calUsta Pk. Twenty-sixth <strong>State</strong> Mus. Rep., p. 59.)<br />
Pileus thin, expanded, subumbonate, smooth, viscid, striatulate<br />
on <strong>the</strong> margin, olivaceous or ochraceous, <strong>the</strong> umbo bright chest-<br />
nut color; lamellse thin, close, ventricose, adnexed, easily sepa-<br />
rating from <strong>the</strong> stem, yellowish becoming bright ferruginous<br />
stem equal, hollow, pruinose, yellow ; spores elliptical, .00035 to<br />
.0004 in. long, .0002 to .00025 broad.<br />
Pileus 6 to 10 lines broad ; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, ,5 line thick.<br />
Exsiccated water holes in low swampy woods. Lewis county.<br />
September.<br />
This pretty little agaric was discovered in 1872, but has not<br />
since been rediscovered. It may, <strong>the</strong>refore, be regarded as very<br />
rare. In <strong>the</strong> dried specimens <strong>the</strong> lameUae are white on <strong>the</strong> edge,<br />
and <strong>the</strong> pileus has assumed a dull metallic green color. The<br />
species is placed in this genus because <strong>of</strong> its expanded and viscid<br />
pileus.<br />
Pluteolus reticulatus Pers.<br />
Reticulated Pluteolus.<br />
(Hym. Europ , p. 2G6. Sylloge vol. v., p. 859.)<br />
Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, <strong>the</strong>n expanded, viscous,<br />
reticulata with anastomosing veins, pale violaceous, striate on <strong>the</strong><br />
margin; lamellae free, ventricose, crowded, saffron-ferruginous;<br />
;
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 61<br />
stem hollo^y, fragile, fibrillose, mealj'^ at <strong>the</strong> top, white ; spores<br />
elliptical, ferruginous, .OOOi to .0005 in. long, .0002 to .00025<br />
broad.<br />
Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad ; stem 1 to 2 in. long, 1 to 2 lines thick.<br />
Decaying wood. Cattaraugus county. .September.<br />
The specimens which I have referred to this species a])p^r to<br />
be a small form with <strong>the</strong> pileus scarcely more than an inch broad<br />
and merely rugose on <strong>the</strong> disk, not distinctly reticulate as in <strong>the</strong><br />
type. In <strong>the</strong> dried specimens <strong>the</strong> pileus has assumed a dark<br />
violaceous color. The dimensions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> spores have been taken<br />
from <strong>the</strong> American plant. I do not find <strong>the</strong>m given by an}'^<br />
European author.<br />
NEW YORK SPECIES OF GALERA.<br />
Galera Fr.<br />
Veil none or fibrillose. Stem subcartilaginous, continuous with<br />
<strong>the</strong> hymenophorum, tubulai-. Pileus more or less membranaceous,<br />
conical or oval, <strong>the</strong>n expanded, striate, <strong>the</strong> margin at first straight<br />
and appressed to <strong>the</strong> stem. Lamellae not decurrent. Ilym.<br />
Europ., p. 266.<br />
The species <strong>of</strong> this genus are small and mostly ra<strong>the</strong>r fragile.<br />
The pileus is thin and when young is conical, oval or bell-shaped,<br />
but in some at least, it becomes expanded with age. "When young<br />
or moist it has a watery, or hygrophanous appearance, and is<br />
<strong>the</strong>n ei<strong>the</strong>r striate or striatulate because <strong>of</strong> its thinness. The<br />
colors are ei<strong>the</strong>r whitish, yellow, ochraceous, cinnamon or ferru-<br />
ginous in nearly all <strong>of</strong> our species, but owing to <strong>the</strong> hygrophanous<br />
character <strong>the</strong>se generally become paler in <strong>the</strong> dry ])lant. The<br />
lamella) are commonly yellowish, tawny, cinnamon or ferruginous.<br />
The stem is slender, <strong>of</strong>ten straight, fragile and hollow and colored<br />
like <strong>the</strong> pileus. The genus holds <strong>the</strong> same place in <strong>the</strong> ochra-<br />
ceous-spored series that Mycena holds in <strong>the</strong> white-spored series<br />
and Nolan ea in <strong>the</strong> pink-spored series. Some grow on dung or<br />
in rich grassy, ground, o<strong>the</strong>rs are found in woods, ei<strong>the</strong>r on naked<br />
soil or on decaying leaves, wood or branches and o<strong>the</strong>rs still<br />
occur habitually in wet or damp places among Sphagnum or o<strong>the</strong>r<br />
mosses.
Ql<br />
<strong>Report</strong> OF <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> Botat^ist.<br />
The species have been arranged by Fries in three groups or<br />
sections. Of <strong>the</strong> first section we have six representatives, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
second, three, and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> third, one. An additional section has<br />
been formed which contains two species One-half <strong>of</strong> our twelve<br />
species appear to be peculiar to this country.<br />
* Synopsis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Species.<br />
Plants growing among mosses 1<br />
Plants not growing among mosses 4<br />
1. Pileus commonly 4 to 6 lines broad 2<br />
1. Pileus commonly 9 to 12 lines broad Sphagnorum.<br />
2. Margin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus naked or not fibrillose 3<br />
2. Margin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus adorned with white fibrils . . . rufipes.<br />
3. Stem pruinose at <strong>the</strong> top Hypnorum,<br />
3. Stem naked at <strong>the</strong> top aquatilis.<br />
4. Plant growing on dung or in grassy places 5<br />
4. Plant growing in uncultivated places 8<br />
5. Pileus plicate-sulcate coprinoides.<br />
5. Pileus not plicate-sulcate 6<br />
6. Pileus ferruginous when moist ovalis.<br />
0. Pileus paler, yellowish or tawny-cinnamon when moist. . 7<br />
7. Pileus narrowly conical, striate when dry lateritia.<br />
7. Pileus broadly conical, not striate when dry tener.<br />
8. Plant growing on hulls <strong>of</strong> buckwheat sulcatipes.<br />
8. Plant having some o<strong>the</strong>r habitat 9<br />
9. Pileus pale-yellow .<br />
flava.<br />
9. Pileus some o<strong>the</strong>r color 10<br />
10. Lamellas narrow, close teneroides.<br />
10. Lamella) broad, subdistant inculta.<br />
CoNocEPHAL-E. Pileus conic -campanulate, hygrophanous,<br />
nearly even, when dry sprinkled with s<strong>of</strong>t atoms; stem straight;<br />
lamellfB ascending, inserted in <strong>the</strong> top <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cone, somewhat<br />
crowded. Veil none.<br />
Galera lateritia Ft-.<br />
Bkick-red Galeka.<br />
(Hym. Europ., p. 287. SyUoge Vol. v, p. 860.)<br />
Pileus thin, narrowly conical or acorn-shaped, <strong>of</strong>ten becoming<br />
campanulate, hygrophanous, yellowish when moist, whitish or<br />
ochraceous when dry, finely striate on <strong>the</strong> margin; lamellae
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 63<br />
narrow or linear, crowded, ascending, nekrly free, pale-cinnamon<br />
or tawny-ferruginous; stem straight, slender, fragile, hollow,<br />
ininntely striate, sprinkled with minute mealy particles or clo<strong>the</strong>d<br />
with a minute villosity, white ; spores elliptical, ferruginous,<br />
.0005 to .00055 in. long, .0003 to .00035 broad.<br />
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad ; stem 2 to 3 in. long, scarcely 1 line<br />
thick.<br />
Dung or i-ich grassy ground. Albany and Rensselaer counties.<br />
June to September.<br />
This may be separated from <strong>the</strong> next following species by its<br />
more elongated narrowly conical pileus distinctly striate on <strong>the</strong><br />
niargin and by its narrower linear lamella\ The striations are<br />
fine and close and <strong>of</strong>ten reach half way to <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus.<br />
In our specimens <strong>the</strong>y are distinct even in <strong>the</strong> dried plant. We<br />
have seen no specimens having <strong>the</strong> pileus as dark colored as in<br />
<strong>the</strong> Friesian figure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> moist plant, but many <strong>of</strong> our American<br />
agarics are paler or have paler forms than tlie European figures<br />
indicate for <strong>the</strong> same species. The hygi'ophanous character <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> pileus is less clearly shown than in GaUra tener. As in that<br />
species, <strong>the</strong>re are forms in which both pileus and stem are clo<strong>the</strong>d<br />
with a minute downy pubescence. When partly dry <strong>the</strong> pileus<br />
feels sticky when i^rcssed between <strong>the</strong> thumb and fingers.<br />
Galera tener Schaff.<br />
Tender Galeea.<br />
(Hym. Europ., p. 267. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 860.)<br />
Pileus thin, conical broadly and obtusely conical or campanu-<br />
late, hygrophanous, pale-ferruginous or tawny-cinnamon color<br />
and striatulate when moist, whitish or creamy-yellow when dry,<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten sprinkled with shining atoms ;<br />
ascending, adnate, cinnamon color ;<br />
lamelhe broad, ra<strong>the</strong>r close,<br />
stem straight, slender, fragile,<br />
hollow, somewhat shining, commonly finely striate, colored like<br />
<strong>the</strong> pileus ;<br />
spores elliptical, dark ferruginous, almost rubiginous,<br />
.0005 to .00005 in. long, .0003 to .0004 broad.<br />
Pileus 4 to 10 lines broad ; stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, scarcely 1<br />
line thick.<br />
Dung and rich grassy ground. Common. June to September.<br />
This is our most common species <strong>of</strong> Galera. It sometimes<br />
grows in great abundance where cattle have been yarded and in
64<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
rich lawns or pastures. It is <strong>of</strong>ten found growing on dung in<br />
company with Panmolvs campannlatus. It varies much in size.<br />
A small form, form wi;? or, occurs having <strong>the</strong> pileus hemispherical<br />
and only three or four lines broad.<br />
Yar. pilosella {Agaricus pilosellus Pers.), has both pileus and<br />
stem clo<strong>the</strong>d with a minute erect pubescence when moist. A<br />
form is sometimes found in which <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus is<br />
brown or blackish-brown.<br />
Galera teneroides Pk.<br />
WoOD-LOVlNG GaLEKA.<br />
(Twenty-ninth <strong>State</strong> JIuseuin <strong>Report</strong>, p. 39.)<br />
Pileus thin, campanulate or expanded, hygrophanous, brownishcinnamon<br />
and striatulate when moist, paler when dry ; lamellie<br />
narrow, close, yellowish-cinnamon ;<br />
stem straight, slender, hollow,<br />
colored like <strong>the</strong> pileus ; spores nearly elliptical, subluteus, .0003<br />
to .00035 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad.<br />
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad ; stem 1 to 2 in. long, about half a<br />
line thick. Ground, dung and decaying wood and branches in<br />
woods. Adirondack mountains and in Albany county. June to<br />
September.<br />
This species is closely related to Galera tener as may be inferred<br />
from <strong>the</strong> name, but it is never<strong>the</strong>less distinct in its more brown<br />
or smoky-tinted color, more expanded mature pileus, more narrow<br />
lamellae and smaller paler spores.<br />
Galera ovalis Fr.<br />
Oval Galera.<br />
(Hym. Europ., p. 268. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 863.)<br />
Pileus somewhat membranaceous, oval or campanulate, hygro-<br />
phanous, brownish-ferruginous and obscurely striatulate on <strong>the</strong><br />
margin when moist, paler and even when dry, fragile ; lamellae<br />
nearly free, very broad, ventricose, ferruginous ; stem straight,<br />
slender, hollow, slightly striate, colored nearly like <strong>the</strong> pileus;<br />
spores elliptical, dark-ferruginous, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00025<br />
to .0003 broad.<br />
Pileus 8 to 12 lines broad ; stem 3 to 4 in. long, about 1 line<br />
thick.<br />
Dung. Albany county. June.
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 65<br />
The specimens which 1 have referred to this species were<br />
collected many years ago. I have not found any like <strong>the</strong>m since.<br />
They differ from Galera tener chiefly in <strong>the</strong>ir larger size and<br />
darker color, both when moist and when dry. The species is<br />
evidently a very rare one.<br />
Galera sulcatipes Pk.<br />
SULCATE-STEMMED GaLEKA.<br />
(Thirty-fifth <strong>State</strong> Mus. Rep , p. 132.)<br />
Pileus thin, ovate, conical or subcampanulate, hygrophanous<br />
chestnut-colored and mostly striatulate on <strong>the</strong> margin when<br />
moist, paler when dry ; lamellae ascending, subdistant, adnate,<br />
whitish becoming ferruginous-cinnamon ; stem slender, straight<br />
or fiexuous, equal, hollow, ra<strong>the</strong>r tenacious, striate-sulcate, silky,<br />
floccose-pruinose toward <strong>the</strong> base, white ; spores elliptical,<br />
ferruginous-cinnamon, .00025 to ,0003 in. long, .00016 broad.<br />
Pileus 5 to 8 lines broad ; stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, about 1 line<br />
thick.<br />
Gregarious on a pile <strong>of</strong> buckwheat bran lying on <strong>the</strong> ground in<br />
woods. Albany county. August.<br />
The white and almost shining stem is striate and silky above,<br />
pulverulent or floccose-pruinose toward <strong>the</strong> base where it generally<br />
assumes a greenish-blue color if handled when moist. The pileus<br />
fades in drying to subochraceous. The lamellae are sometimes<br />
white on <strong>the</strong> edge. Found in 1881 but not detected since. A<br />
rare species but very distinct in <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> its stem and<br />
in its peculiar habitat.<br />
Galera inculta Pk.<br />
Rude Galeba.<br />
(Forty -first <strong>State</strong> Mus. Rep., p. 69.)<br />
Pileus thin, somewhat fragile, campanulate, <strong>the</strong>n convex or<br />
nearly plane, obtuse or rarely with a small umbo, hygrophanous,<br />
cinnamon color and striatulate when most, buff color and atomate<br />
when dry, sometimes minutely pitted or corrugated, rarely<br />
rimose-squamulose ; lamellae broad, subdistant, ventricose,<br />
adnexed, white crenulate on <strong>the</strong> edge, at first pallid, <strong>the</strong>n pale-<br />
stem straight or subflexuous, hollow, brittle, slightly<br />
cinnamon ;<br />
silky, reddish-brown, sometimes mealy or pruinose at <strong>the</strong> top and<br />
18y2. 9
66<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
white-villose at <strong>the</strong> base ; spores subelliptical, pointed at each end,<br />
brownish-ferruginous, .0006 to .OOOoS in. long, .0003 broad.<br />
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, .5 to 1 line<br />
thick.<br />
Damp ground under willows and alders. Catskill mountains.<br />
September.<br />
The moist pileus resembles in color that <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> small glabrous<br />
striatulate form <strong>of</strong> Clitocyhe laccata, <strong>the</strong> dry one that <strong>of</strong> Galera<br />
tener. The specimens were found growing with Naucoria palu-<br />
dosa, from which <strong>the</strong>y may be distinguished by <strong>the</strong> more cam-<br />
panulate pileus, <strong>the</strong> broader and more distant lamellas and <strong>the</strong><br />
larger spores.<br />
Bryogenj^. Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, striate,<br />
glabrous, hygraphanous, even when dry, opake, slightly silky<br />
stem thin, lax, flexile; lamellae broadly and plainly adnate,<br />
broad, subdenticulate. Slender, growing among mosses, <strong>the</strong><br />
veil very fugacious.<br />
Galera aquatilis M:<br />
Aquatic Galera.<br />
CHym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 869.)<br />
Pileus membranaceous, campanulate or convex, glabrous,<br />
watery, hygrophanous, pallid-honey color and striatulate on <strong>the</strong><br />
margin when moist, s<strong>of</strong>t and whitish when dry, <strong>of</strong>ten with a<br />
yellowish papilla; lamellae distant, triquetrous, plane, adnate,<br />
pallid ; stem very long, slender, even, glabrous, whitish or yel-<br />
lowish ; spores elliptical, .0004 in. long, .00024 broad.<br />
Pileus 5 to 6 lines broad ; stem (in our specimens) 2 to 3 in.<br />
long, scarcely 1 line thick.<br />
Among mosses in wet places. Catskill mountains. July. A<br />
rare species. In our specimens <strong>the</strong> stem is less elongated than<br />
in <strong>the</strong> European plant.<br />
Galera Sphagnorum Pers.<br />
Sphagnum Galeea.<br />
(Hym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v . p. 869.)<br />
Pileus thin, conical convex or expanded, sometimes with a<br />
small umbo or papilla, hygrophanous, tawny or subochraceous<br />
and usually striatulate on <strong>the</strong> margin when moist, pale-ochraceous<br />
or buff when dry; lamellae thin, subdistant, tawny-ochraceous<br />
;
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 67<br />
stem slender, hollow, more or less fibrillose, subflexuous, colored<br />
like <strong>the</strong> pileus ; spores elliptical or subovate, .0004 to .0005 in.<br />
long, .00025 to .0003 broad.<br />
Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 2.5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines<br />
thick.<br />
In marshes among Sphagnum. Fulton, Rensselaer and Seneca<br />
counties and Adirondack mountains. June to August.<br />
This is easily distinguished from Galera Hyjmorum, to which<br />
it has sometimes been subjoined as a variety, by its larger size,<br />
more expanded pileus, fibrillose stem and peculiar place <strong>of</strong> growth.<br />
There is a notable form with a well-developed veil which may be<br />
designated var. velata. Veil white, webby or almost membranous,<br />
breaking up on <strong>the</strong> upper part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem and forming<br />
floccose scales, <strong>of</strong>ten evanescent with age. In this variety <strong>the</strong><br />
moist pileus is sometimes chestnut color or bay red, being darker<br />
than in <strong>the</strong> ordinary forms <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> species. Very <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>the</strong> fibrils<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem are grouped in flakes or patches in such a way as to<br />
give a wavy appearence to <strong>the</strong> stem itself.<br />
Galera Hypnorum Batsch.<br />
Hypnum Galera.<br />
(Hym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 868)<br />
Pileus membranaceous, conical or campanulate, obtuse or<br />
papillate, glabrous, hygrophanous, watery-cinnamon or suboch-<br />
raceous and striatulate when moist, paler when dry, <strong>of</strong>ten fading<br />
to yellowish or buff; lamellae broad, adnate, ventricose, distant,<br />
tawny or cinnamon color, <strong>of</strong>ten whitish flocculose on <strong>the</strong> edge<br />
stem slender, hoUow, flexuous, smooth, pruinose at <strong>the</strong> top,<br />
commonly colored like <strong>the</strong> pileus; spores elliptical, .0004 to<br />
.0005 in. long, .00024 to .0003 broad.<br />
Pileus 3 to 6 lines broad ; stem 1 to 2 in. long, less than a line<br />
thick.<br />
Among mosses in woods, ei<strong>the</strong>r on <strong>the</strong> ground or on prostrate<br />
decaying trunks. Common in hilly or mountainous districts.<br />
June to September.<br />
This is a small species but it varies considerably in size and<br />
color. Var. nigrijpes has a blackish-brown stem.<br />
ERioDEKMiE. Pileus submembranaceous, <strong>the</strong> veil manifest,<br />
superficial, separating, at first silky or squamulose, especially on<br />
<strong>the</strong> margin.<br />
;
68<br />
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>.<br />
Galera rufipes Fk.<br />
Reddish-stemmed Galera.<br />
(Forty-secoud <strong>State</strong> Mus. Rep. p. 20. Botanisl's Edition.)<br />
Pileus campanulate or convex, hygrophanous, reddish-tawny<br />
and striatulate when moist, whitened on <strong>the</strong> margin by <strong>the</strong><br />
remains <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> white tibrillose veil, pale-ochraceous when dry<br />
lamt'llse broad, subdistant, eraarginate. yellowish or subochraceous,<br />
slightl}^ crenulate on <strong>the</strong> whitish edge; stem slender, hollow,<br />
slightly fibrilldse below, pruinose at <strong>the</strong> top, reddish-brown<br />
spores elliptical, subochraceous, .0ft025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to<br />
.(Mi(i2 broad.<br />
Pileus 4 to
<strong>Report</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>State</strong> <strong>Botanist</strong>. 69<br />
<strong>the</strong> dried specimens. They extend half way to <strong>the</strong> disk or more.<br />
"When dry <strong>the</strong> pileus is seen to be sprinkled with shining atoms<br />
as in some o<strong>the</strong>r species <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same genus. Occasionally <strong>the</strong><br />
yellow cuticle cracks into squamules or small scales.<br />
Galera coprinoid.es Pk.<br />
CoPEiNus-LiKE Galera.<br />
(Twenty-surth <strong>State</strong> Mus. Rep. p. 59. Agaricua plicatellus Twenty-ninth Rep. p. 66.)<br />
Pileus membranous, campanulate, soon expanded, <strong>of</strong>ten split<br />
on <strong>the</strong> margin, plicate-sulcate to <strong>the</strong> small even disk, yellowish or<br />
ochraceous-yellow ; lamellae narrow, close, rounded behind,<br />
colored like <strong>the</strong> pileus; stem slender, equal, hollow, minutely<br />
hairy or pruinose, white ; spores elliptical, .00028 to .0003 in. long,<br />
.0002 broad.<br />
Pileus about 6 lines broad ; stem about 1 in. long, half a line<br />
thick.<br />
Grassy ground. Cayuga county. August.<br />
This small plant was discovered in 1872, but I have not found<br />
it since. It is manifestly very rare. The structure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> pileus<br />
and its plications are strongly suggestive <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> character <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
pilei <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> small species <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> name.<br />
Coprinus, as is indicated by<br />
The name Agaricus plicatellus was substituted for Agaricus<br />
coprinoides when it was found that <strong>the</strong> latter name had been<br />
previously applied to ano<strong>the</strong>r species, but since <strong>the</strong> former sub-<br />
genus Galera has been raised to generic rank it permits <strong>the</strong><br />
restoration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original specific name.