Annual Report of the State Botanist 1892 - MykoWeb

[From thk 46th Report of thk New York State Mubetjm op Natdrai, Histort.]

[From the 46th Report of the New York State Museum of Natural History.] 

ANNUAL REPORT 

OF THE 

STATE BOTANIST 

OF THE 

State of New York. 

Made to the Regents of tlie University, Pursuant to 

Chapter 355 of the Laws of I883. 

By CHARLES H. PECK, 

ALBANY 

JAMES B. LYON, STATE PRINTER. 

1893. 

:

State of New York. 

No. 41. 

IN S K N A T H, 

AlSTIsIUAL EEPORT 

January, 1893. 

OF THE 

state: botanist 

Office of the State Botanist, ) 

Albany, Jcmuary, 1893. ) 

To the Honorable the Regentfs of the Unwersity of the State of 

New York : 

I have the honor to present to you my annual report for 

the year 1892. 

Very respectfully. 

CHARLES H. PECK.

REPORT. 

To the Regents of the University of the State of New YorTc 

Gentlemen.— I have the honor of communicating to you the 

following report of the work of the Botanist for the year 1892. 

Plant specimens have been collected in the counties of Albany, 

Essex, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Oneida, Queens, Rensse- 

laer, Saratoga, Suffolk, Ulster, Washington and Warren. 

Specimens have been contributed by correspondents who col- 

lected them in the counties of Albany, Chenango, Essex, 

Onondaga,, Rensselaer, Richmond, Queens, Saratoga, Schenectady, 

Suffolk and Washington. 

The whole number of species represented by the specimens 

added to the State Herbarium during the year is 338. Of these 

24 are represented by contributed specimens, 314 by specimens 

collected by the Botanist. Of the species new to the Herbarium, 

81 in all, nine belong to the contributed specimens and 72 to those 

collected by the Botanist. Of the 81 species, there are 30 of 

which I find no satisfactory description, and they are, there- 

fore, described as new. These are all fungi, two of which belong 

to the contributed specimens, 28 to the collected. A list of the 

species of which specimens have been added to the Herbarium 

is marked A. 

Specimens of plants have been contributed by twenty-three 

persons. Among these contributions are many specimens of 

extra-limital species not included in the foregoing enumeration. 

A list of the names of the contributors and of their respective 

contributions is marked B. 

The record of species not before reported, together with the 

localities where the specimens were respectively collected, their 

habitats, remarks concerning them and the descriptions of new 

species is marked C. 

To this is added a record of a few extra-limital species received 

from correspondents and considered new or worthy of special 

notice. These descriptions and remarks follow the letter D. 

:

6 

Report of the State Botanist. 

Notes and observations upon species previously reported, 

together with descriptions of new or interesting forms and 

varieties of them, are marked E. To this record 1 have added 

descriptions of our New York species of Pkiteolus and Galera. 

They are marked F. 

That there is a growing demand for a better knowledge of our 

fungi, especially of those of economic importance, is ])lainly 

evident. The frequent inquiries received at the office of the 

Botanist concerning them, and the numerous specimens sent to 

him for identification, are an evidence of this fact. The use of 

the edible fleshy species for food is rapidly on the increase in 

this country, and yet very many who would gladly avail them- 

selves of the agreeable and nutritious diet afforded by our 

numerous esculent species are debarred from doing so by a lack 

of the knowledge necessary for a proper discrimination between 

the good and the bad or worthless. "With this knowledge the 

fear of being poisoned by the bad would no longer prevent the 

use of the good. With it mam^ whose circumstances are such as 

to make it difficult or impossible to procure an adequate supply of 

animal food mignt often obtain a very good substitute for it by 

the slight labor of gathering it in the fields and woods. European 

works on this subject are not readily available because of 

their high price and are not generally satisfactory because the 

species in this country are not wholly the same as in that ; 

or if 

the price is not great then the deficiency in the number and 

character of the illustrations is likely to be an objection. In 

view of these facts it was very gratifying to me to receive from 

your office directions to prepare for publication full-size colored 

plates of the edible and poisonous mushrooms of the State, 

together with brief descriptions and notes. In accordance with 

these directions thirty-six quarto plates, on which are repre 

sented fifty-nine edible species in natural size and color, have 

been prepared. Also, four plates representing in like manner 

three poisonous species. In all cases where it is important these 

plates show both the young and the mature plant and the prin- 

cipal variations in color and shape. Yertical sections of the 

plants are also depicted in order to show the internal structure 

and color, to which have been added, for the advantage of 

students of mycology and others who may be fortunate enough

Report of the State Botanist. 7 

to possess a compound microscope, illustrations of the fruit or 

spores of each 'species. These are uniformly magnified 400 

diameters. 

The manuscript designed to accompany the plates consists of 

19 pages of legal note, 123 pages of descriptions and remarks, 

explanations of the plates and two pages of index. 

With these plates and their accompanying explanations, 

descriptions and remarks, it seems to me to be an easy matter 

for any one of ordinary intelligence, even though without any 

experience in such things, to recognize the species illustrated 

by them. Of the 59 edible species illustrated, 40 at least 

have been used as food by myself and thus proved to my own 

satisfaction to be good and safe. Nearly all of the remainder 

have been ])roved by friends or correspondents in whom I have 

full confidence, and the few untried ones are such as are gener- 

ally recommended as edible by European works on this subject, 

and such as I would have no hesitation in eating if opportunity 

should be afforded. A few of the species are such as are not 

represented in European works or have not been classed as edible 

in them, but in all these cases they have been proved by actual 

trial to be worthy of a place among our edible species. 

There yet remains in our flora a goodly number of reputed 

edible species which I have not tried for lack of opportunity, 

but it is my purpose to test them as fast as opportunity is 

given. Eight species not included in the illustrations have 

been tried the past season. It is my purpose to continue the 

illustration of these, and others as fast as they have been 

proved, until all our esculent species have been thus 

represented. The more I experiment in this direction 

the more firmly I am convinced that the number of really 

poisonous or dangerous species of mushrooms is very small. 

Probably there is not a greater percentage of such species among 

the fleshy fungi than there is of really dangerous or poisonous 

. species among flowering plants. But there are many fungi 

which, though harmless, are not to be classed as edible, because 

of their toughness, insipidity, unpleasant flavor or smallness 

of size. 

The plan of putting the illustrations of our edible mushrooms 

upon charts to be suspended upon the walls of our institutions of

8 


learning seems to me to be a good one. In this way the stu- 

dents, by seeing them from day to day, would become familiar 

with the general appearance of the species, and would recognize 

them at once if they should see the plants themselves growing 

in their native places. There would probably be kindled in the 

minds of some, at least, an earnest desire to know more of these 

interesting and useful ]3lants, and they would thus be led to 

acquire a more extended knowledge of them. If the number of 

our esculent species should be thought too great for such chart 

representation, any desired number of the more common and 

important species might be selected for this purpose. If the 

outla}' necessary to place charts in aU the district schools should 

seem too great, they might be placed at first in the high schools 

and academies by way of experiment. 

The vegetation that grows so profusely in the shallow water 

at the head of Lake Champlain and along its shores and dykes 

seemed to me to be worthy of examination. This was given 

early in July. Much of the woody growth consists of willows, 

of which the most abundant are the black willow, Salix nigra, 

the shining willow, 8. lucida, the glaucous willow, S. discolor, the 

heart-leaved willow, S. cordata. and the brittle willow, S.fragilis. 

AU except the last are indigenous species. The green ash, 

Fraxinus viridis, the silver maple, Acer dasycarpum, and the red 

maple A. ruhrum, are also plentiful. Although these are 

moisture-loving plants, too much water seems to be an injury 

rather than a benefit to some of them at least. Their roots and 

the soil in wMch they grow are submerged much of the time, yet 

the leaves of many of them are unusually small. This was 

especially noticeable in the black willow, the shining willow and 

the heart-leaved willow. Their peculiar habitat seems also to 

retard development. The reddish-brown color of the young 

leaves of the heart-leaved willow and the maples was conspicuous 

even in July. The spiked loosestrife, Lythrum Salicaria, an 

introduced plant which is abundant in the lower part of the 

Hudson river valley, was groAving freely in the margin of the 

lake. This is a new station for it and the most northern one in 

the State, though it is said to grow about the quarantine grounds 

of Quebec. The great bullrush, Seir^û.-; validu.^!, the river club- 

rush, Scirj)us fluviatilis, and the sweet flag. Acorns Calainus,


occupy much of the shallow water space, sometimes growing 

intermingled and again each maintaining exclusive possession 

over large areas. Such plants as the water persicaria, Polygonum 

a7nphibiu7n, in which the leaves were often two inches wide and 

four or five inches long, and the swamp dock, Rumex verti- 

cillatus, were apparently intent on obtaining as much food as 

possible from their watery habitat, for they had emitted a dense 

whorl of rootlets from each of the lower joints of the submerged 

stem. 

Our native wild roses and wild asters have been the source of 

considerable perplexity to botanists by reason of the variability 

of the species. Some special attention has been given to these 

plants the past summer and autumn. Our native roses are easily 

divided into two groups, one of which is easily recognized by 

the naked pedicels and receptacles and by the persistent lobes 

of the calyx ; the other, b}'' the glandular pedicles and receptacles 

and the deciduous lobes of the calyx. The bland or early wild 

rose, Rosa hlanda, has hitherto been considered our only repre- 

sentative of the first group, but two roses have been found on 

the mountains and along the highways in the eastern part of 

Essex county which correspond to the description of the two 

we&tern roses, R. Engelnianni and R. Sayi, which also belong to 

this group. These have the stems, and usually the branches also, 

densely clothed with prickles intermingled with some straight 

slender spines, a feature by which they may at a glance be dis- 

tinguished from ordinary forms of the bland rose. They scarcely 

differ from each other except in the form of the fruit which is 

globose in the specimens referred to Say's rose, and oblong 

elliptical or ovate in those referred to Engelmann's rose. The 

bland rose which usually has stems entirely destitute of prickles 

or spines, sometimes occurs with ])rickles toward the base of the 

stems, but I have seen no specimens with spines. 

The Carolinian or swamp rose, Rosa Carolina, so far as my 

observation goes, is most satisfactorily recognized by the teeth 

on the margin of the leaflets. These are decidedly smaller and 

finer than those of the leaflets of the other species of its group. 

The stem is sometimes furnished with prickles, sometimes des- 

titute of them. This is the only species of wild rose that I have 

found in the heart of the Adirondack wilderness. It flowers 

1892. 2

10 


there about one month later than on Long Island. Of the two 

remaining species of this group, the shining rose, Rosa lucida, 

and the dwarf rose, R. humilis^ the extreme forms are easily 

recognized ; the former by its tall stout stem, stout spines and 

dark-green shining leaves ; the latter, by its low slender growth, 

straight, slender spines, thinner leaves and fewer flowers ; but all 

manner of intermediate forms occur wliich are very perplexing 

and which seem to connect the two. 

Among our wild asters several interesting forms and varieties 

have been collected. Some of the most notable of these variations 

have been found to occur in the prenanthoid aster, Astei' jprenan- 

thoides, a species which seems to have been regarded as quite 

uniform and fixed in its characters, for only a single variety is 

mentioned in the North American Flora. In the Catskill 

mountain region it varies excessively in the size and shape of 

the leaves, in the number and size of the heads and in their 

arrangement in panicles and corymbs, in the color of the rays and 

in the nurnber, length and direction of the branches. The 

extreme forms, if observed separately, would scarcely be 

thought to belong to the same species, but they are so connected 

by intermediate forms that it is dffi cult to separate them. 

A more extended account of these variations will be found in 

another part of this Report. 

Scarcely less remarkable are the variations shown by the low 

or dwarf goldenrod, Solidago humilis. This species, which I 

have found in the Adirondack region only, occurs on the top of 

the low rocky ridge on tbe north shore of Third lake, one of the 

Fulton chain of lakes. This ridge is known as Bald mountain 

Its summit is long and narrow and nearly destitute of trees. 

Here and there the rock is covered with limited areas of thin soil 

that has accumulated in the depressions and shallow cavities and 

crevices. In this the dwarf goldenrod grows. The elevation, 

temperature, degree of exposure, moisture and character of the 

soil are all so uniform over the whole summit that much variation 

in the character of any plant that might grow there would 

scarcely be expected. Yet this goldenrod, in this limited area 

and apparently exposed to the same external conditions, exhibits 

here four well-marked and quite distinct forms. It certainly 

looks as if variation does not always depend upon external cir- 

cumstances.

Report of the State Botanist. \\ 

Some attention has been given to the collection of specimens 

designed to add to the popular interest in the contemplated 

exhibit of representative specimens of the Herbarium at the 

World's Fair. But no official notice of the assignment of space 

for such an exhibit has yet been received by me, and I have not 

thought it proper to devote much time to preparation for this 

exhibit till such notice shall have been received. Inasmuch as 

the Herbarium is especially rich in specimens of fungi, I have 

thought it most appropriate to make an exhibit of these plants, 

and chiefly of those having an economical importance, either by 

reason of their useful or their noxious character. 

Albany, December 12, 1892. 

Respectfully submitted. 

CHAS. H. PECK.

12 

Papaver somniferum L. 

Prunus Cerasus L. 

P. domestica L. 

Rosa humilis Marsh. 


(A.) 

PLANTS ADDED TO THE HERBARIUM. 

R. Sa3?i Schzv. 

R. Engelmanni Wats. 

Rubus seix)sus Bigel. 

R. Millspaughii Britton. 

Galium Kamtschaticum Stell. 

CEnothera Oakesiana Bobbins. 

Chrysanthemum segetum L. 

Artemisia serrat x Nutt. 

Lactuca hirsuta Mnhl. 

Blephilia ciliata Baf. 

Polygonum cuspidatum S. & Z. 

Quercus Brittoni Davis. 

Scirpus Peckii Britton. 

Panicum nitidum Mx. 

P. laxiflorum Lam. 

Zygodon conoideus Dicks. 

Tricholoma serratifolium Pk. 

T. submaculatum Pk. 

Clitocybe albidula Pk. 

C, revoluta Pk. 

Oollybia ochroleuca Pk. 

Mycena rugosa Fr. 

M. hemisphterica Pk. 

Entoloma nidorosum Fr. 

Tubaria canescens Pk. 

Agaricus subrufescens PA;. 

Hypholoma aggregatum Pk. 

Deconica bryophila Pk. 

D. bulbosa Pk. 

Coprinus arenatus Pk. 

Hygrophorus metapodius Fr. 

Russula adusta Fr. 

Merulius Corium Fr. 

M. serpens Tode. 

Odontia laieritia B. cfr C. 

Thelephora subcchracea Pk. 

Anemone Virginiana L. 

A. nemorosa L. 

Thalictrum polygamum Muhl 

New to the Herbarium. 

Corticium Kalmiae Pk. 

Exobasidium Vaccinii Wor, 

Tylostoma mammosum Fr. 

T. campestre Morg. 

Lycoperdon hirtum Mart. 

L. asterospermum D. & M. 

L. perlatum Pers. 

L. Curti6u]5erA;. 

Didyraium proxlmum B. & C. 

Physarum contextum Rost. 

Peronospora Linariee Fckl. 

Phyllosticta Dioscorese Cke. 

Phoma vulgaris Sacc. 

Macrophoma versabilis Pk. 

Spnseronema Lonicera? Pk. 

Septoria TraUiana Sacc. 

Micropera Nemopanlhis Pk. 

Gloeosporium Platani Oud. 

G. phomoides Sacc. 

G. fructigenum Berk. 

Cylindiospo.ium Acori Pk. 

Urocystis WaM stein iee Pk. 

Cryptospora Goeppertiana Kuhn. 

u^cidium Lupini Pk. 

Uredo Chimaphilae Pk. 

Cylindrium griseum Bon. 

C. elongatum Bon. 

Verticillium sphaerophUum Pk. 

Periconia tenuissima Pk. 

Zygodesmus fulvus Sacc. 

Cladosporium Zese Pk. 

Napicladium graniineum Pk. 

Stilbum madidum Pk. 

Coremium glaucum Fr. 

Fusarium viticolum Tlinm. 

Lachnella citrina Pk. 

Anthostoma Ontariense E. & E. 

Stigmatea Geranii Fr. 

Massariella Xanthoxyli Pk. 

Ophiobolus suboUvaceus Pk. 

Not new to the Herbarium. 

Magnolia glauca L. 

M. acuminata L. 

Nuphar advena Ait.

Nuphar Kalniianum Ait. 

Arabis hirsuta Scop. 

A. perfoliata Lavi. 

Nasturtium palustre DC. 

Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. 

Lepidium intermedium Or. 

Hudsonia ericoides L. 

Viola sagittata Ait. 

Arenaria serpyUifolia L. 

A. Caroliniana Walt. 

Buda rubra Dumont. 

Hypericum Ascyron L. 

Linum striatum Walt. 

L. Virginianum L. 

Erodium cicutarium L'Her. 

Geranium Carolinianum L. 

Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. 

Vitis sestivalis Mx. 

Polygala polygama Walt. 

P, senega L. 

P. sanguinea L. 

Lespedeza violacea Pers. 

Vicia sativa L. 

V. tetrasperma L. 

V. Cracca L. 

V. CaroUniana Walt. 

Cassia Marilandica L. 

Prunus maritima Wang. 

P. Persica B. & H. 

Rubus neglectus Pk. 

R. villosus Ait. 

R. Canadensis L. 

Rosa blanda Ait. 

R. lucida Ehrh. 

Amelanchier Canadensis T. & G. 

Sedum acre L. 

Drosera filiformis Raf. 

Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt. 

Lythrum SalicariaX. 

Epilobium lineare Mulil. 

E. adenocaulon Haiissk. 

CEnothera fruticosa L. 

Opuntia vulgaris Mill. 

Aralia trifolia D. & P. 

Viburnum cassinoides L. 

Cornus florida L. 

Galium pilosmn Ait. 

G. circEezans Mx. 

G. boreale L. 

G. trifidum L. 

Report of the State Botanist, 13 

Galium triflorum Mx. 

Solidago bicolor L. 

8. humUis Piirsh. 

S. uUginosa Nutt. 

S. rugosa Mill. 

S. juncea Ait. 

S. Canadensis L. 

S. nemoralis Ait. 

S. lanceolata L. 

Sericocarpus conyzoides Nees. 

S. 

sobdagineus Nees. 

Aster Herveyi Gr. 

A. corymbosus Ait. 

A. patens Ait. 

A. undulatus L. 

A. cordifolius L. 

A. 

leevis L. 

A. diffusus Ait. 

A. paniculatus Lam. 

A. prenanthoides Muhl. 

A. puniceus L. 

Erigeron annuus Pers. 

E. strigosus Muhl. 

Gnaphalium purpureum L. 

Artemisia caudata Mx. 

Senecio aureus L. 

Cnicus horridulus Piirsh. 

C. pumilus Torr. 

Hieracium prfealtum Vill. 

H. venosum L. 

Sonchus asper Vill. 

Lobelia spicata Lam. 

Specularia perfoliata A. DC. 

Campanula rapunculoides L. 

Rhododendron viscosum Torr. 

Chimaphila maculata Pursh. 

Primula Mistassinica M.v. 

Lysimachia stricta Ait. 

AnagaUis arvensis L. 

Fraxinus viridis Mx. 

Asclepias incarnata L. 

A. verticiUata L. 

HydrophyUum Canadense L. 

Verbascum Thapsus L. 

Linaria vulgaris Mill. 

Mimulus moschatus Dougl. 

LimoseUa aquatica L. 

Veronica peregrina L. 

ConophoUs Americana Wallr. 

Lycopus Vtrginicus L.

14 

Scutellaria lateriflora L. 

S. galericulata L. 

Plantago major L. 

P. RugeUi Dec. 

P. lanoeolata L. 

P. Patagonica Jacq. 

Clienopodium capitatum Wats. 

C. Bonus-Henricus L. 

Rumex Patientia L. 

R. veridcillatus L. 

R. obtiisifolius L. 

R. Acetosella L. 

Polygonum lapathifolium L. 

P. Pemasylvanicum L. 

P. amphibium L. 

P. Persicaria L. 

P. acre H B K. 

P. cilinode Mx. 

Euphorbia Presslii Guss. 

Carya sulcata Nxitt. 

Salix nigra Marsh. 

S. lucida Muhl. 

S. fragiUs L. 

S. rostrata Rich. 

S. petiolaris Sm. 

S. cordata Muhl. 

S. myrtilloides L. 

Chanifecyparis sphaeroidea Spach. 

Aplectrum hiemale Xutt. 

Spiranthes cemua Rich. 

S. Romanzoffiana Cham. 

Pogonia pendula Lindl. 

Habenaria lacera R. Br. 

Aletris farinosa L. 

Iris prismatica Pursh. 

Sisyrinchium anceps Cav. 

Clintonia borealis Raf. 

Lilium Philadelphicum L. 

Trillium erectum L. 

Heteranthera graniinea Vahl. 

Juncus marginatus Rostk. 

J. Greenii O. &. T. 

J. tenuis WiUd. 

J. Gerardi Loisel. 

J. peiocarpus E. Meyer. 

J. 

articulatus L. 

J. militaris Bigel. 

J. acuminatus Mx. 

J. scirpoides Lam. 

Cyperus strigosus L. 


Scirpus maritimus L. 

S. fluviatills Crr. 

S. polyphyUus Vahl. 

S. silvaticus L. 

Eriophorum cyperinum L. 

Scleria pauciflora Muhl. 

Carex intumescens Rudge. 

C. lurida Wahl. 

C. hystricina Muhl. 

C. scabrata Schw. 

C. vestita Willd. 

C. filiformis L. 

C. lanuginosa Mx. 

C. stricta Lam. 

C. torta Boott. 

C. longirostris Torr. 

C. arctata Boott. 

C. SuUivantii Boott. 

C. granularis Muhl. 

C. conoidea 5e/iA,-. 

C. Hitchcockiana Deio. 

C. laxiflora Lam. 

C. digitalis TI^Kd. 

C. laxiculmis Schic. 

C. plantaginea Iâm. 

C. ebumea Boott. 

C. varia Muhl. 

C. Pennsylvanica Z>a?/i. 

C. commmiis Bailey. 

C. vulpinoidea J/a?. 

C. sparganioides Muhl. 

C. Muhlenbergii Schk. 

C. cephaloidea Dew?. 

C. cephalopliora Muhl. 

C. echinata Murr. 

C. canescens i. 

C. tribuloides Wahl. 

C. scoparia Sc/iA:. 

C. fcenea Willd. 

C. silicea Olney. 

C. straminea Willd. 

Spartina jvmcea Willd. 

S. cynosuroides TI'j7Zrf. 

Panicum virgatimi L. 

P. dichotomum L. 

P. Crus-gaUi L. 

Setaria ItaUca Kutith. 

Anthoxanthum odoratimi L. 

Oryzopsis asperifolia Mx. 

Muhlenbergia Mexicana Trin.

Muhlenbergia silvatica T. & G. 

M. Willdenovii THn. 

Calamagrostis Canadensis Bv. 

Agrostis alba L. 

A. scabra Willd. 

Deschampsia flexuosa Trin. 

Trisetum subspicatum Bv. 

Avena striata Mx. 

Eatonia Pennsylvanica Gr. 

Eragrostis Frankii Meyer. 

Poa serotina Ehrli. 

P. trivialis L. 

P. debilis Torr. 

P. alsodes Gr. 

Glyceria obtusa Trin. 

G. nervata Trin. 

G. grandis Wats. 

G. fliiitans R. Br. 

G. acutiflora Torr. 

Festuca elatior L. 

Bromus Kalmii Gr. 

Elynius Virginicus L. 

E. Canadensis L. 

Equisetum limosum L. 

Asplenium Filix-foemina Bemh. 

Aspidium spinulosum Sw. 


Lygodiiira palmatum Sw. 

Botrychiiim ternatiun Sw. 

Aiaanita muscaria L. 

Arinillaria mellea Vahl. 

Tiioholoma terreum Sclueff. 

Collybia radicata Rehl. 

Pholiota discolor Pk. 

Cortinarius pulchrifolius PA;. 

Lactarius deceptivus Pk. 

Polyporus cuticnlaris Fr. 

Poi ia semitincta Pk. 

Hydnuni graveolens Del. 

Porotheliuni fimbriatuni Fr. 

Thelephora Cladonia Schiv. 

Hymenochaete tabacina Lev. 

H. corrugata Lev. 

Corticium incamatum Lev. 

C. radiosum Fr. 

C. subaurantiacum Pk. 

Ceratiiun hydnoides ^4. & S. 

Plasmopara viticola B. & D. 

Monilia fructigena Pers. 

Macrosporium commune Rabh. 

Cladosporium herbarum Lk. 

Cryptospora suflfusa Fr. 

(B.) 

CONTRIBUTORS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS. 

Zygodon conoideus Dicks. 

Lygodium palmatum Sw. 

Calostoma Berkeley! Ma^s. 

Chrysanthemum segetum L. 

Artemisia serrata Niitt. 

Erodium Cicutariiun VHer 

Mrs. E. G. Britten, New York, N. Y. 

Mrs. D. B. Fitch, Norwich, N. Y. 

Miss Bessie Grinnan, Madison Mills, Va. 

Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt., var. i 

limos\im Torr. \ 

Rev. J. H. Wibbe, Schenectady, N. Y. 

Mimulus moschatus Dougl. 

Pol^'gonum cuspidatum S. & Z. 

Erogrostis Frankii Meyer, 

Rev. J. L. Zabriskie, Flatbush, N. Y. 

Liniosella aquatic L., var. tenuifolia 

Hoffm. 

Geo. F, Atkinson, Auburn, Ala. 

HypocreUa tuberiformis B. & Br. Uredo Fici Cast. 

| 

Microsphferia calocladophora Atk. Ramularia areola Atk. 

Ravenelia CassitBcola Atk. Cercospora Bolleana Speg. 

'

16 


S. M. Tracy, 

Phyllosticta ulmicola Sacc. 

Vermicularia affinis 6'. & B. 

Dinemasporium graminum Lev. 

Gloeosporium nervisequum Sacc. 

Ustilago Uniolae E. & E. 

Uromyces Dactylidis Ott. 

Puccinia globosipes Pk. 

P. rubigovera Wint. 

P. emaculata ScJnv. 

P. coronata Cd. 

P. Conoclinii Seym. 

P. Anthoxanthi Fckl. 

Phragmidium speciosum Fr. 

Ravenelia Cassia?cola Atk. 

^cidium Oldenlandianum E. & T. 

Carex hystricina 3Iiihl. 

C. tribuloides Wahl. 

C. lurida Wahl. 

E. C 

Muhlenbergia Mexicana Trin 

Bovista minor Morg. 

Bovistella Ohiensis E. & M. 

Starkville, Miss. 

Melampsora Quercus Schu\ 

M. Hydrangeas Burr. 

Helminthosporium Rayenelii B. & C. 

Entyloma PhyaiaJidis Wint. 

Cercospora grisea C. & E. 

C. gossypina Cke. 

C. cruenta Sacc. 

G. macroguttata Atk. 

C. erythrogena Atk. 

Erysiphe communiB Fr. 

Microsphwria Alni Wint. 

Sphasrotheca lanestris Hark. 

Pseudopeziza Medicaginis Lib. 

Acrospermum compressum Tode. 

Howe, Lansingburgh, N. Y. 

Agrostis perennans T^lck. 

A. vulgaris With. 

Glyceria fluitans B. Br. 

G. H. Hicks, Agricultural College, Mich. 

Excipula Hicksiana E.


N. L, Britton 

Galium Kamtschaticum Stell. 

Ranunculus septentrionalis L. 

Aquilegia vulgaris L. 

Lepidiutn Virginicum L. 

Viola delphinifoUa Le Conte. 

Acer spicatum Lam. 

A. Pennsylvanicum L. 

Geaster argenteus Cke. 

Ustilago Hordei K. & S. 

Uromyces Spraguea3 Hark. 

U. Zygadeni Pk. 

U. Eriogoni E. & H. 

U. Euphorbise C. & P. 

U. 

U. 

boreaUs Pk. 

Glycyrrhiz£e R. & 31. 

Puccinia Polygoni Pers. 

P. 

P. 

mirabillissima Pk. 

consimilis E. & E. 

P. Gayophyti Pk. 

P. Phragmitis Korn. 

P. Menthae Pers. 

P. Tanaceti DC. 

P. intermixta Pk. 

P. rubigovera Wint. 

P. Grindelise Pk. 

P. Troximontis Pk. 

P. Balsamorrhiza? Pk. 

P. GilifB Hark. 

P. Malvastri Pk. 

P. mutabilis E.

18 

Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. 

Phallus Ravenelii B, & C. \ 

Agaricus subrufescens Pk. 

Cylindrocolhi Dendroctoni Pk. 

A fasciated ear of corn, Zea Mays L. 


Mrs. L. L. Goodrich, Syracuse, N. Y. 

W. Herbst, Trexlertown, Pa. 

Queletia mirabilis Fr. 

W. Falconer, Glen Cove, N. Y. 

C. F. Mlllspaugh, Wavcrly, N. Y. 

John E. Coventry. 

E. H. Savage, Keeseville, N. Y. 

Sand incrustcd specimen of fungus, Polyporus fomentarius Fr. 

Prof. James Hall, Albany, N. Y. 

Four-headed flower of dandelion, Taraxacum officinale ll'e/>. on a single 

stout or fasciated scape. 

(C.) 

SPECIES NOT BEFORE REPORTED. 

Papaver somniferum L. 

Menands, Albany county. September. Cultivated for ornament 

but often self-seeding and sparingly escaping from 

cultivation. 

Prunus Cerasus L. 

Voorheesville and Delmar, Albany county, and Westport, 

Essex county. The sour cherry is sometimes spontaneous by 

roadsides and near farm-houses. 

Prunus domestica L. 

Amagansett, Suffolk county. An apparently starved or degen- 

erate form of the cultivated plum grows in sandy soil in this 

locality. It assumes a straggling bush-like form three to four 

feet high, or in a few instances six to eight feet. The taller 

specimens were seen on the north side of the road leading from 

Amagansett to Easthampton. The leaves on the spurs are about 

six lines long and three lines broad. Those on tJie branches are 

about one inch long and half as Avide. On the most thrifty 

shoots they scarcely , exceed one and a half inch in length. 

Flowers and fruit not seen.

Report of the ^State Botanist. 19 

Rosa humilis Marsh.. 

This rose, which had been previously united with R. lucida, is 

considered a distinct species in the last edition of Gray's Manual. 

Its most prominent distinguishing features are its shorter stems, 

straight slender spines, narrow stipules and lobed outer sepals. 

These characters, however, are somewhat vai'ial)le, so that individ- 

uals occur, which connect the two in such a way as to show that 

they are not very shar-ply limited. This is the most common species 

about Albany. It is abundant on Mount Delianco, near Ticon- 

deroga, and is quite variable there. One noteworthy form has 

the spines nearly wanting, the leaflets numerous and small, gen- 

erally eight or nine lines long, and the pedicels and calyx tube 

as glabrous as in Ji. hJa/tula. Fr-om It. blando, it may be sepa- 

rated by the presence of an (occasional spine and by the decidu- 

ous sepals. Can it be a cross between i?. hlanda and R. hurnilis, 

both of which occur in this locality? R. humilis appears to be 

equally at home on rocky, clayey or sandy soil. It is abundant 

in the eastern part of Long Island. 

Rosa Sayi l^chv}. 

I refer to this species, specimens collected near Westport, Essex- 

county, in Jnne. The essential characters of the s])ecies are 

shown, but in some cases only |)artially or slightly. The serru- 

late teeth of tlie leaflets are not always present, and their resin- 

ous-pulverulent character is sometimes very slight. The stems 

are always very prickly, and often the branches also. The 

prickles are sometimes intermingled with straight, slender spines, 

and the stipules, which are either narrow or dilated, are pretty 

constantly and distinctly gland ular-ciliate. The leaflets are more 

rounded or obtuse at the base than in R. hlcmda, from which it is 

separated by the characters just mentioned, although its variation 

from typical /**. Sayi seems to be in the direction of R. hhmda. 

In the Manual the species is credited from Northern Michigan 

and Wisconsin to Minnesota and Colorado. Possibly it may liave 

been introduced into our localit}'' from the west, but it is well 

established both north and west from Westport, and has been 

here many years. 

Rosa Engelmanni Watsov. 

Fruiting specimens of a rose very similar to the preceding 

species were collected several years ago at the base of Mount

20 


Defiance, near Ticonderoga. They differ from Rosa Sayl in the 

shape of the fruit, which is distinctly longer than broad. 

Rubus Millspaughii Britton. 

Avalanche Pass, Essex county. N. L. Britton. Morehouseville, 

Hamilton county. July. 

The glabrous character of this species separates it from small 

forms of Ruhus villos\ts var. frondosus. The specimen contrib- 

uted by Professor Britton is wholly without spines, those col- 

lected by myself have a few weak spines. 

Rubus setosus Bigel. 

Common in the southern and western part of the Adirondack 

region. Morehouseville and Lake Pleasant, Hamilton county. 

Old Forge or " Brown Tract," Herkimer count}^ and Garoga, 

Fulton county. July and August. 

This plant was previously reported by me as Ruhus hispidus 

var. suherectus, but later observations led me to the belief that it 

is a distinct species. Professor Britton agrees with me in this 

belief, and thinks it belongs to the s])eci3s under which I have 

now placed it, and with the originally published description of 

which it agrees very well, except that its ripe fruit is black 

instead of red, as in Bigelow's plant. Doctor Torrey, in N". Y. State 

Flora, regarded Bigelow's plant as a variety of Ruhus hispidus and 

abbreviated the description too much to make it satisfactory. 

The specimen which he placed in the Herbarium as a representa- 

tive of this plant is clearly a mere form of ^. hispidus. 

R. setosus, as here understood, is quite plentiful in the localities 

mentioned and evidently delights in the soil of mixed sand and 

gravel which is common in that region. I observed the past 

season that it had taken possession of the old neglected garden of 

Arnold house, Fulton Chain, and was apparently fast overrunning 

the whole area. It thrives better on dr\^ upland than in wet 

swampy places, though it occasionally appears in such localities. 

The old abandoned fields and pastures of the region mentioned are 

most congenial to it. Unthrifty specimens of it were seen on the 

summit of Bald mountain near Third lake. In no case have I 

found it associated with R. A^.y^^Ww.^, which is strangely absent or 

scarce in this whole region. The fruit is ripe in August. It is


rather small, black when ripe and scarcely inferior in flavor to 

that of the dewberry, R. Canaden-nn, or of the leafy blackberry 

and of Millspaugh's blackberry. 

Galium Kaintschaticum Stell. 

Mount Marcy. August. Britton. The specimens are in 

fruit, but no flowers are shown. The species may be distin- 

guished from the glabrous variety of Galium circcezans by its 

long erect pedicels. 

CEnothera Oakesiana Bobbins. 

Luzerne, Warren county. This is (E. biennis var. Oakesiana Gr. 

Chrysanthemuni segetum i. 

Introduced and growing in fields near Niskayuna, Schenectady 

county. September. Bev. J. II. Wibbe. 

Artemisia serrata Nidt. 

Banks of the Mohawk, three miles below the aqueduct and 

opposite Rock island. August. Wibbe. 

An introduction from the west. 

Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. 

Rocky hillsides. Whitehall. June. 

Blephilia ciliata Raf. 

Vaughn's, Washington county. S. H. Burnham. 

Polygonum cuspidatum 8. & Z. 

Banks of the Mohawk below the aqueduct, Schenectady county. 

August. Wibbe. Introduced as an ornamental plant, but some- 

times escaping from cultivation. 

Quercus Brittoni Dams. 

Watchogue, Richmond count\^ September. W. T. Davis. 

Mr. Davis considers this oak to be a hybrid between Quercus 

nigra and Q. ilicifolia.

22 


Scirpus Peckii Britton. 

Lake Pleasant, Hamilton County. August. First collected 

in this locality in 1875. It Avas again collected in 1891, 

but in a new station. It Avas reported last year under 

the name Scirpus polyphyllus var. macrostachys. Professor 

Britton has recentl}" published it as a distinct species, and as such 

it is now reported. It certainly is quite distinct from our ordinary 

forms of S. polyp)hyll%Ls. Specimens sometimes occur in which a 

cluster of spikelets is borne on a long pedicel issuing from the 

axil of the uppermost leaf. 

Panicum nitidum Mx. 

Sandy soil near Riverhead. July. 

Panicum laxiflorum Lam. 

With the preceding species. July. 

Zygodon conoideus JDicl-s. 

Base of a birch tree. Adirondack mountains. Mrs. E. G. 

Britton. The specimen is sterile. 

Tricholoma serratifolium. n. s/>. 

Pileus fleshy, firm, convex or nearly plane, often irregular, dry 

silky or flocculose-squamulose, white, often slightly tinged with 

broAvn or yellowish-brown in the center, flesh white or whitish, 

taste at first mild, then acrid; lamella? broad, close, adnexed, 

serrate or eroded on the edge, Avliite; stem short, stout, solid, 

white; spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, .(>24 in. 

long, .0002 broad. 

Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad; stem about 1 in. long. 3 to (i lines 

thick. 

Woods. Shokan. September. 

This is apparently related to such species as T. psammopodum 

and T. impolitum, but distinct from them in color and in the 

character of the lamellne. 

Tricliolonia submaculatum n. sp. 

Pileus convex or nearly plane, sometimes slightly depressed in 

the center; glabrous, brownish, sometimes tinged with ferrugin- 

ous, becoming obscurely spotted with age, flesh white; lamellae

.Report of thf. State Botanist. 23 

thin, close, white, becoming orange-red or saffron color where 

wounded or bruised; stem solid, silky -fibrillose, white, often 

decumbent or radicating at the base; spores minute, broadly 

elliptical or subglobose, .OOOK) to .0002 in. long, .00016 broad. 

Pileus 1 to 2 in. broad; stem 1 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick. 

Borders of woods. Shokan. September. 

The species may easily be recognized by the obscurely spotted 

pileus and by the peculiar color assumed by any part of the plant 

where cut or bruised. The spots indicate an affinity with the 

tribe Guttata, but inasmuch as the specimens were collected in a 

dry time, the pileus did not exhibit the moist character to be 

expected in members of that tribe. 

Clitocybe albidula n. sp. 

» 

Pileus thin, at ffrst convex, then umbilicate or centrally 

depressed, glabrous, hN^grophanous, pale grayish-brown and 

finely striatulate on the margin when moist, whitish when dry 

lamellie close, adnate or slightly decurrent, dingy-w^hite ; stem 

short, glabrous or slightly pruinose, hollow, colored like the 

pileus ; spores minute, elliptical, .' i0016 to .0002 in. long, .0001 to 

.00012 broad. 

Pileus about I in. broad; stem I in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines thick. 

Under pine trees. Delmar. September. 

Related to C. candicans, from which it is distinguished by its 

more dingy color and by its decided farinaceous odor. The 

margin of the young pileus is whitened by a pruinosity or a 

minute white villosity. 

Clitocybe revoluta n. sp. 

Densely c^spitose ; pileus convex or nearly plane, glabrous, 

whitish and slightly striatulate on the margin when moist, white 

when dry, the thin mai'gin commonly and irregularly revolute 

lamella? thin, narrow, close, adnate or slightly decurrent ; stem 

glabrous, solid when young, stuffed or somewhat hollow when 

old, whitish ; spores subglobose, .00016 to .0002 in. long, 

Pileus 1 to 3 in. broad ; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 3 to 5 lines thick. 

Woods. Alcove, Albany county. September. 

This ])lant forms dense tufts of considerable extent and com- 

posed of many individuals. In these tufts the pileus is more or 

less irregular with tlie margin wavy and revolute. Occasionally 

;

24 


a plant is seen growing apart from the general mass and then its 

pileiis is apt to be regular and the margin horizontal. 

Collybia ocliroleuca n. sp. 

Pileus thin, convex, then umbilicate or centrally depressed, 

glabrous, pale ochraceous, flesh white, taste farinaceous ; 

broad, subdistant, rounded behind or emarginate, whitish ; 

lamella? 

stem 

firm, slender, glabrous, stuffed or hollow, colored like the pileus ; 

spores elliptical, .00024 to .0003 in. long, .0002 broad. 

Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick. 

Woods. Shokan. September. Related to C. escalenta^ but 

distinct by its umbilicate or depressed pileus and its farinaceous 

odor and taste. 

Mycena hemisphaerica n. «/>. 

Pileus 'thin, firm, hemispherical, glabrous, hygrophanous, 

brownish and striatulate wheo moist, gray or grayish-brown 

when dry ; lamellae subdistant, arcuate, adnate, livid-white ; stem 

glabrous, hollow, livid-white ; spores broadly elliptical, .00016 to 

.0002 in. long, .00012 broad. 

Pileus 5 to 8 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines 

thick. 

Mossy prostrate trunks of trees in woods. Fulton Chain. 

August. 

The species belongs to the tribe Eigidipedes. It is distin- 

guished from M. galerlculata by its hemispherical hygrophanous 

pileus, the character and color of the lamella? and by its smaller 

spores. It is gregarious or subcaespitose in its mode of growth. 

Mycena rugosa Fr. 


Entoloma nidorosum /'V. 


Our specimens differ from the type in having the stem solid 

and the lamella? adnate. For the present I designate them as 

Var. solidipes. 

Tubaria canescens n. sp. 

Pileus very thin, almost membranous, convex, grayish-white or 

canescent, coated with minute whitish fibrils or aj^pressed tomentum 

; lamellas distant, decurrent, cinnamon color ; stem slender,


whitish, fibrillose, with a white mycelium at the base ; spores 

elliptical, .00024 in. long, .OOUlO broad, often containing a shining 

nucleus. 

Pileus 2 to 3 lines broad ; stem 6 to 8 lines long. 

"Damp naked soil in woods. Selkirk. July. 

This is a very small species closely allied to Tuharia auto- 

chthons , from which it is separated by the shape and color of the 

pileus, the decidedly decurrent lamellae and the fibrillose stem. 

As in that species, the spores are unusually pale. The dry pileus 

is distantly sulcate or striate. 

Agaricus subrufescens n. sp. 

Pileus rather thin and fragile, at first deeply hemispherical, 

then convex or broadly expanded, often wavy or irregular, silky- 

hbrillose or minutely and obscurely squamulose, varying in color 

from whitish or grayish to dull reddish-brown, flesh Avhite, 

unchangeable ; lamellae close, free, at first white or yellowish- 

white, then pinkish, finally blackish-brown ; stem minutely floc- 

culose below the annulus, hollow, white, somewhat thickened or 

bulbous at the base ; the annulus membranous, white, externally 

flocculose ; the mycelium white, forming slender branching root- 

like strings; spores elliptical, brown, .00024 to .00028 in. long, 

.00016 to .0002 broad. 

Pileus 2 to 4 in. broad ; stem 2 to H in. long, 4 to 8 lines thick. 

Leaf mold. Glen Cove. October. W. Falconer. Also culti- 

vated. 

In the form of the young pileus and in its color in the reddish 

tinted specimens, also in the white color of the young lamellae, 

this species makes an approach to A. cam.j'estris var. rufescens, 

but unlike that variety the wounded flesh does not become red. 

From typical A. cu/mijentrU it differs in many respects — in the 

thin flesh, the color of the young lamellae, the character of the 

stem and its annulus and in its mycelium. It resembles more 

closely A. placoinyces and A. Ktlvdiicus^ but from the former it 

may be separated by the shape of the pileus and the more obscure 

character of its scales and by its annulus, from the latter, by the 

color of the pileus and the young lamelUv and also by the annulus, 

which is externally floccose-squamulose and also not distant as in 

that species. 


26 

Report of the 8iate Botanist. 

Mr. Falconer sa3's that under cultivation it is exceedingly pro- 

ductive, growing equally well in sunshine and in shade, but being 

fond of warmth. When grown in the dark the color of the 

pileus is darker than when grown in the light. The mushrooms 

appear in twenty-four to thirty days after the planting of the 

spawn, which is about two weeks earlier than in the case of the 

common mushroom. They have a decided flavor and are good 

eating. From this it will readily be seen that in productiveness, 

early appearance and ability to endure warm weather it is an 

improvement on the common mushroom. 

Hypholma aggregatum n. sj). 

Densely csespitose ; pileus thin, convex or subcampanulate, gray- 

ish-white, obscurely spotted with appressed brownish fibrils 

lamellae subdistant, rounded behind, nearly free, at first whitish, 

then brown or blackish-brown with a whitish edge ; 

stem rather 

long, hollow, somewhat lioccose or fibrillose, white ; spores brown, 

elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad. 

Pileus about 1 in. broad ; stem 2 to 3 in. long, 1.5 to 2 lines 

thick. 

At the base of trees and stumps in woods. Alcov.e. Sept. 

The cjespitose habit and obscurely spotted grayish-white pileus 

are marked features of this species. From B. silvestre the species 

may be distinguished by its smaller size, adnexed or nearly free 

1 amellse, which have no rosy tint, and by its very caespitose mode 

of growth. 

Deconica bryophila n. sp 

Pileus thin, membranous on the margin, subconical, becoming 

convex or nearly plane, glabrous, hygrophanous, chestnut color 

or dark brown and striatulate on the margin when moist, creamy- 

white, grayish-white or pale brown when dry and often distinctly 

striate on the margin ; 

lamellae broad, distant, adnate or slightly 

decurrent, plane or ventricose, at first pale-brown, then purplish- 

brown ; 

stem slender, slightly silky -fibrillose when young, stuffed 

or hollow, pallid or brown ; spores brown, elliptical, .0003 in. 


Pileus 3 to 6 lines broad ; 

stem 8 to 12 lines long. 

Sandy soil among mosses. Delmar and Karner. May. 

. 

;

Report of the State Botanisi. 27 

From D. hullacea, this species differs in its not viscid pileus 

and in its distant lamellae. The chestnut-colored specimens 

sometimes have the center of the pileus darker than the margin. 

Deconica bulbosa w. S2?. 

Pileus submerabi'anous, convex, becoming nearly plane, glabrous, 

slightly striate on the margin, whitish tinged with brown 

lamella^ broad, distant, adnate, purplish-brown ; stem slender, 

firm, hollow, bulbous, both it and the bulb densely grayish- 

fibrillose ; spores purplish-brown, elliptical, .0003 in. long, .u002 

broad. 

Pileus '.\ to 6 lines broad ; stem 8 to 12 lines long, scarcely half 

a line thick. 

Dead stems of herbs. Delmar. September. 

This small species resembles the preceding one in size, but it 

differs in its place of growth, its paler color, its bulbous stem and 

in the grayish fibrils that clothe both stem and bulb. 

Coprinus arenatus w. sp. 

Pileus thin, at first broadly ovate or subhemispherical, soon 

convex or campanulate, .adorned with small white tomentose 

scales, striate on the margin, whitish or grayish-white, l)ecoming 

grayish-brown with age; lamelhv broad, crowded, free, grayish- 

white, soon purplish-brown, finall}'^ black, furnished with numer- 

ous projecting hyaline cystidia; stem short, equal, glabrous, 

hollow, white ; 

spores broadly ovate or subglobose, black in the 

mass, purplish-brown by transmitted light, .(>(»03 to .00035 in. 

long, .00025 to .0003 broad. 


Solitary or gregarious, growing on sandy soil recently overrun 

by fire. Earner. May. 

The mycelium binds the sand together in a globular mass at 

the base of the stem. The scales of the ])ileus are easil}' sepa- 

rable and soon disappear. The marginal striations extend half 

way or more toward the center. The long cystidia give a peculiar 

appearance to the lamelhu, and in the fresh plant they may 

be seen extending across the interspaces. The species belongs to 

the section Tomentosi and is remarkable for its peculiar habitat. 

;

28 


Hygrophorus metapodius Pr. 

Woods. Shokan. September. Our specimens were not at all vis- 

cid, nor did wounds of the flesh and lamellae turn red, but in other 

respects they correspond so well to the figure and description 

of this species that we dare not separate them. 

Russula adusta Fr. 

Sandy soil in pine woods. Delmar. September. 

Closely allied to R. nigricans^ but differing in its thinner, closer 

and more decurrent lamellae, which do not assume a reddish color 

where wounded. The specimens are commonly smaller than 

either R. nigrica7is or R. sordida, and they are less disposed to 

turn black in drying. 

Merulius Corium Fr. 

Decorticated wood of deciduous trees. Boiceville, Ulster 

county. September. 

In our specimens the plants are wholly resupinate, slightly 

reflexed, or they have a well developed pileus. In this case the 

pileus is villous, concentrically sulcate and white. The hymenium 

also is somewhat concentrically sulcate. European authors 

do not agree in their descriptions of the size and shape of the 

spores of this species. In our specimens they are oblong or 

lanceolate, .0003 in. long, .00012 broad. 

Merulius serpens Tode. 

Decaying wood and branches. Lake Pleasant. August. 

Odontia lateritia B. ch C. 

Interior of prostrate much-decayed trunks of deciduous trees, 

apparently birch, chestnut and oak. Fulton Chain. August. 

Shokan. September. 

Under their description of this species, Berkeley and Curtis 

remark that Phlehia hydnoideu Schweinitz is apparently the same 

thing. So' far as our specimens are concerned Schweinitz's 

description is far more complete and satisfactory than that of 

Berkely and Curtis, although the fungus is more closely allied to 

Odontia than to Phlebia. It forms extensive patches, creeping over 

the surface and following the inequalities of the wood. Although 

the substance is quite thick it is not separable from the matrix.

Report of tee State Botanist. 29 

The color of the fresh plant is a beautiful orange, but it fades in 

drying so that it may not inaptly be called brick red. The 

hymenial warts or protuberances are sometimes arranged in lines 

or series. In drying, the surface becomes more or less chinky so 

that the protuberances appear to be collected in fascicles. 

Thelephora subochracea n. sp. 

Kesupinate, incrusting, running over fallen leaves and twigs 

and forming suborbicular patches one to three inches broad, thin, 

tough, dry, pale-ochraceous, sometimes with a slight whitish 

byssine border. 


The specimens have the appearance of some species of Cor- 

ticium but the dry tough texture indicates a closer relation to 

Thelephora. They are scarcely in perfect condition. 

Corticium Kalmiae n. sjx 

. Effused, thin, tender, inseparable from the matrix; subiculum 

and indeterminate margin composed of slender whitish lllaments; 

hymenium glabrous, continuous, yellowish-ochraceous ; spores 

smooth, elliptical, .0004 to .U005 in. long, .00024 to .0003 broad. 

Dead stems of mountain laurel, Kaliaia latifolia. 


This is apparently related to such species as C. degluhens and 

C. secedens, but differing from both of these in its inseparable 

character. 

Exobasidium Vaccinii War. • 

Living leaves of bearberry, Arctostajyhyiss Uva-ursi. Kiver- 

head. July. 

Tylostoma niammosum Fr. 

Sandy soil. Delmar. October. A rare species. 

Tylostoma campestre Morr/. 

Sandy soil. West Albany. November. 

Lycoperdon hirtum. J\fart. 

Brewerton and Catskill mountains. This was formerly 

included by me \Wth L. atropurpurcum, from which it scarcely 

differs except in its depressed peridium and cord-like root.

30 


Lycoperdon asterospermum -D. & M, 

North Greenbush and West Albany. 

Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. 

Brewerton, Adirondack and Catskill mountains. August and 

September. Following the illustrious Fries, I formerly included 

this with L. gemmidtum, but it is so well marked by the ])revail- 

ing form of the peridium and especially by the character of the 

spines of the cortex that it seems best to consider it a distinct 

species. 

Lycoperdon Curtisii lierk. 

Ground by roadside. Guilderland. October. 

Didymium proximum B , Dioscorea mllosa. Riverhead. Jnly. 

Var. grisea. Spots gray with a narrow reddish-brown margin; 

perithecia epiphyllous, numerous, black ; 

Phoma vulgaris Sacc. 

spores globose or ovoid. 

Dead stems of long-fruited anemone, Anemone cyUjidrica. 

Delmar. June. The spores in our plant are slighth" smaller 

than in the type. 

Macrophoma versabilis n. sp. 

Perithecia scattered, irregular, globose or compressed and hys- 

teriiform, erumpent or subsuperficial, black ; 

spores oblong-ellip- 

tical, colorless, .0005 to .0006 in. long, .00025 to .0003 broad 

sporophores generally shorter than the spores. 

;


Dead branches and galls of oak, Qiiercus ilicifolia. Karner. 

May. 

Apparently intermediate in character between M. dryina and 

M. nervisequa, having spores like those of the former and peri- 

thecia somewhat resembling those of the latter. 

Sphaeronema Lonicerae n. sjx 

Perithecia numerous, scattered uniformly, small, .001) to .012 in. 

broad, at first covered by the epidermis, then erumpent, narrowed 

above into a rostrum about as long as the diameter of the 

perithecium, black ; spores numerous, elliptical or oblong, color- 

less, .00016 to .0003 in. long, .00008 to .00012 broad, cozing out 

in wet weather and forming a minute hyaline globule. 

Living stems of hairy honeysuckle, Lonicera hirstUa. Brown- 

ville. J une. 

This is easily distinguished from Sphwrographium Zonicerce, 

which has fusiform curved quadrinucleate spores. 

Septoria Trailiana Sacc. 

Living leaves of self-heal, Brunella vulgmîs. Menands. 

August. 

Micropera Nemopanthis 7u sp. 

Perithecia densely and prominently cyespitose, minute, black, 

opening on the application of moisture and revealing the whitish, 

gelatinous contents ; 

spores subfiliform, curved or sigmoid, taper- 

ing toward each end, .0016 to .0024 in. long ; sporophores short. 

Dead branches of mountain holly, Nemojpanihes Canadensis. 

Karner. May. 

Gloeosporium Platani Oud. 

Living or languishing leaves of sycamore, Platanus occidentalis. 


This is quite distinct from G. nervisequum, both in habit and 

m the size and color of the acervuli. 

Glceosporium phomoides Sacc. 

Fruit of tomato. Menands. September. 

Gloeosporium fructigenum Berk. 

On grapes. Menands. September and October. 

This is destructive to the fruit, causing it to docav.

32 


Cylindrosporium Acori n. sp. 

Spots numerous, subelliptical, sometimes confluent, blackish, 

nuclei minute ; 

spores amphigenous, forming minute tufts, white, 

oblong or subcylindrical, sometimes narrowed toward one end, 

.0004 to .0008 in. long, about .00010 broad. 

Living or languishing leaves of sweet flag, Acorus Calamus. 

Sandlake. September. 

The spots, in size and shape, resemble those of Uromyces 

2)yrifor7nis. They are sometimes slightly whitened in the center 

by the confluence of the tufts of spores. 

TJrocystis Waldsteiniae n. sj). 

Sori large, oblong, following the nerves of the leaf, commonly 

near the margin and nearly parallel to each other, surrounded 

by the ruptured epidermis, black; spores not easily separable, 

three to six or more in a glomerule, the central and peripheral 

similar, subglobose or elliptical, often angular, .0005 to .0006 inch 

long, .0004 to .0005 broad, the glomerules very unequal in size 

and in the number of component spores. 

Living leaves of barren strawberry, Walddeinia fragarioides. 

Alcove. June. C. L. Shear. 

This species is apparently closely allied to U. Filiycndulin. It 

seems to connect TJrocystis with Thecaphora and to be ambiguous 

between these two genera. When there are but three spores in a 

glomerule the central one is usually larger than tlie others. 

Specimens of this fungus have also been received from Pro- 

fessor Dearness, of London, Canada. 

Cryptospora Goeppertiana Kuhn. 

Living stems and branches of Canadian blueberry, VacGmmm 

Canadense. Fulton Chain. August. Also on the same host 

and on s\vam]i blueberry, Vaceiniuvi corymhosum. Sandlake. 

September. 

This fungus is destructive to its host. The affected branches 

appear to live but one year. Their leaves are dwarfed in size or 

wholly obliterated, the branches themselves are generally unnatu- 

rally multiplied, and appear to form tufts or clusters, and they 

are unusually thick or swollen and their tissues greatly changed. 

Sometimes they are much twisted, curved or contorted, but more


often they are straight and erect. In color they are often red- 

dish-brown or chestnut. I have never seen any fruit on an 

afifected branch. 

^cidium Lupini n. sp. 

Spots numerous, small, orbicular, at first yellowish-green, 

becoming purplish-brown with age ; spermogones epiphyllous, 

central ; peridia hypophyllous, crowded, short ; spores globose, ver- 

ruculose, orange-yellow, .001 to .0016 in. broad. 

Living leaves of common lupine, Lupinus perennis. Karner. 

June. 

Spots none ; 

s 

Uredo Chimaphilse n. sp. 

sori chiefly hypophyllous, scattered or crowded, a 

long time cQvered by the epidermis, yellow or pale-orange ; spores 

narrowly ovate oblong or subelliptical, .001 to .0012 in. long, 

.0005 to .0007 broad. 

Living leaves and flowers of spotted wintergreen, Chimaphila 

maculata. Amagansett. July. 

The fungus seems to kill the leaves it attacks. 

Cylindrium elongatum Bon. 

Fallen leaves of chestnut. Shokan, September. 

Cylindrium griseum Bon. 

Fallen leaves of chestnut-oak, Quercus Prinus. Shokan. September. 

Much like the preceding species, but distinguished by 

its gray color. 

Verticillium sphaerophiluni n. sp. 

Hyphae minutely and stellately tufted, white, sparingly 

branched ; branches one to three at a node, rather long, gradu- 

ally tapering upward; spores elliptical, .0003 in. long, .00ul5 

broad. 

On Hypoxylon coccineum. Shokan. September. 

The Verticillium appears to develop from the ostiola of its host. 

Periconia tenuissima n. sp. 

Effused, forming a thin indefinite purplish-brown downy 

stratum on the matrix ; fertile hyphje erect, slender, simple, 

scarcely septate, .011 to .014 in. long, .00015 thick ; spores aggre- 


34 


gated into a minute head, globose, .UOUl to .00012 in. broad, 

colored like but paler than the liyphse. 

On a thick stratum of mycelium of some wood inhabiting 

fungus. Adirondack mountains. July. 

Zygodesmus fulvus Sacc. 

Decaying bark of maple, Acer saccharinu7i%. Lake Pleasant 

August. 

Cladospormm Zese n. sp. 

Mycelial filaments colorless, branched, ci'eepi^- among the 

tissues of the matrix and causing the epidermis to rjipture ; fertile 

hyphae slender, sparingly septate, more or less elongate ; densely 

interwoven and forming a grayish-green velvety stratum ; 

spores 

very variable, globose elliptical or oblong, .00016 to -.^008 in. 

long, continuous ^r at length with one to three septa. ./*;^ 

Unripened grains of Indian corn, Zea Mays. lienp,nds. 

September. ' . i^ 

The species of Cladosporium are generally saprophytes, J)\\t 

this one appears to attack the living tissues of the grain. The 

kernel ruptures at the apex, revealing its white starchy contents,^ 

which are soon overspread by a gra^^îsh-green or olivaceous velvefr^^ 

coating of filaments which give a moldy appearance to the exposed 

surface. The rupture widens and the contents gradually dis- ^ 

appear till the grain is deeply excavated. The fungus is a peculiar 

and apparently an injurious one. 

Napicladium gramineum n. sp. 

Spots brown, soon elongated and confluent, often occupying 

the whole leaf ; tufts minute, punctiform, black, the hyphaB short, 

croAvded, somewhat nodulose above ; spores clavate, having one 

to three septa, .0012 to .0024 in. long, .0004 to .0005 broad. 

Living leaves of rough meadow grass, Poa trimalis. Delmar. 

June. 

This fungus is evidentl}^ a harmful one. It kills the leaves 

attacked by it. It differs from W. arundinaceum in its punctiform 

habit and narrower spores. 

•^"•'


Stilbum madidum n. sp. 

Stems numerous, sometimes ca?spitose, .02 to .03 in. long, white 

or whitish, glabrous ; head minute, subglobose, pellucid-white 

spores oblong, often slightly narrowed toward one end, .0005 to 

.0006 in. long, about .00016 broad. 

Sap-moistened cut surface of a birch stump, Bettda hitea. Lake 

Pleasant. August. 

The mycelium permeates a gelatinous stratum which over- 

spreads the wood. The species is distinguished from S. mac7'ocarpum 

by its white capitulum and more narrow spores. 

Coremium glaucum Fr. 

Fallen acorns. Shokan. September. 

This is considered by some to be a mere form of PenicilliiiTn 

glaucum, from which it differs in having a stem composed of 

compacted filaments. 

Fusarium viticolum Thum. 

Grapes. Menands. September. 

Our specimens differ from the type in the smaller superficial 

sporodochia and in the longer and more acutely pointed spores. 

They constitute a new variety if not a distinct species. For the 

present I call them var. uvicoliom. Sporodochia minute, numer- 

ous, gregarious, superficial, depressed, flesh-colored; spores 

narrowly fusiform, generally curved, acute or acuminate, three 

to five septate, .0016 to .002 in. long. 

Lachnella citrina n. sj?. 

Keceptacle minute, .2 to .03 in. broad, sessile or with a very 

short stem, villose-tomentose, citrine-yellow, the hymenium 

yellow inclining to orange, generally concealed, when dry, by 

the connivent margin; asci subcylindrical, about .003 in. long; 

paraphrases filiform, equaling, or a little surpassing the asci; 

spores oblong or subfusiform, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00016 

broad. 

Bark of chestnut trees. Shokan. September. 

In some instances the marginal hairs of the cups are white. 

;

36 

Report of tee State Botanist. 

Anthostoma Ontariensis E. S E. 

Dead branches of willow, Salix discolor. Karner. May. 

In our specimens the stroma is eutypoid rather than valsoid 

and the spores are a little broader than in the type. 

Stigmatea Geranii FV. 

Living and languishing leaves of Carolinian cranesbill, Ger- 

anium, Carolinianum. Brownville. June. 

Massariella Xanthoxyli n. sp. 

Perithecia small, .01 to 028 in. broad, immersed in the bark, 

scattered or subseriate, slightly elevating and at length piercing 

the epidermis ; asci 8-spored ; spores crowded or biseriate, at first 

colorless, then colored, uniseptate, quadrinucleate, oozing out and 

forming a conical mass, then distinctly uniseptate but not 

nucleate, .0024 to .0027 in. long, .0005 to .0007 broad. 

Dead stems and branches of prickl}" ash, Xanthaxylum Ameri- 

canum. Mechanicville. May. 

In young specimens the bark has a much smoother and cleaner 

appearance than in old ones. In these it is roughened and stained 

by the heaps of ejected spores. The young spores have a strong 

resemblance to those of Massaria vomitoria^ but the perithecia 

are much smaller than in that species and the uniseptate mature 

spores are quite distinct. 

Ophiobolus subolivaceus n. sp. 

Perithecia numerous, depressed, .012 to .014 in. broad, at first 

covered by the epidermis, then superficial, black ; asci clavate or 

jcjdindrical ; spores slightly curved, gradually narrowed toward 

each end, yellowish-brown by transmitted light, five-septate, .0(»2 

to .0025 in. long, .00016 broad, the third cell slightly swollen. 

Dead stems of herbs, apparentl}'^ of ThaliGtrxun polygamum. 

Mechanicville. May. 

This is closely allied to 0. olivaceu.'


(D.) 

EXTKALIMITAL SPECIES. 

The following species of fungi, which are considered new or 

worthy of mention, have been received from correspondents for 

identification. They were collected outside the limits of our 

State and are therefore noticed separately. 

Phallus Ravenelii B. & C. 

Var. minor. Plant small, 2 to 3.5 inches high, the part of the 

veil pendant from the top of the stem about equal to the pileus 

in length. 

Trexlertown, Pennsylvania. W. Hei^hst. 

Queletia mirabilis Fr. 

Spent oak tan bark. Trexlertown, Pennsylvania. August. 

Herhst. So far as I know, this rare and interesting fungus has 

not before been detected in this country. It has the appearance 

of a large overgrown species of Tylostoma. The specimens vary 

from two to six inches long. The peridium or head is globose, 

and from one to two and a half inches in diameter. The stem is 

from four to eight lines thick, and externally is very ragged, 

shreddy and lacerated. It is easily separable from the head, to 

which it is attached in a kind of socket as in Tylostoma. The 

genus Queletia is especially distinguished from Tylostoma in 

having no apical aperture to the peridium. This, when mature, 

cracks open, either by a single long fissure or by several. The 

description of the single known species, as given in Sylloge, 

does not agree fully with our specimens, but these are mani- 

festly the same specifically as a specimen collected in France 

and communicated to us by Doctor N. Patouillard, who labeled it 

Queletia mirabilis Fr. The dimensions of our specimens con- 

siderably exceed those assigned to the species, the spores are 

smaller and the color of the contents of the peridium is a dull 

tawny or brownish-ochraceous rather than flavescent or golden

38 


yellow, so that I should have considered them a distinct species, 

or at least a variety, but for their agreement with the specimen 

from France. 

Phoma exocarpina n. sjy. 

Perithecia gregarious, subsuperlicial, .014 in. broad, black; 

spores narrowly elliptical, hyaline, .0003 to .0004 in. long, .00016 

broad, 

Exocarp of old pignuts, Carya porcina. Michigan. Ma3^ 

G. H. Hieks. 

Macrophoina Philodendri n. sp. 

Perithecia scattered or gregarious, small, .007 to .014 in. 

broad, variable in form, thin, erumpent, black, opening by a wide 

mouth when moist and revealing the white mass of spores Avithin; 

spores oblong or subcylindrical, colorless, sometimes binucleate, 

.0006 to .0008 in. long, .0ool6 to .0002 broad, supported on 

slender sporophores about equal to the spores in length. 

Var. maculicola. Perithecia on definite Avhite spots. 

Living and dead leaves of Philodendvon pertasum^ growing in 

a conservatory. jMichigan. May. Hieks. 

Morchella bispora Sor. 

Yar. trimcata. Pileus broadly rounded or truncate, its costa? 

slightly prominent, the margin often a little recurved ; 

numerous ; stem long. Michigan. May. Ilieks. 

Geopyxis Hicksii n. sp. 

paraphyses 

Keceptacle about 6 lines broad, infundibuliform, glabrous, 

brownish, the lu^menium adorned with a few costal radiating 

from the center ; stem slender, from 8 to 12 lines long, scarcely 

1 line thick, slightly enlarged above and expanding into the 

receptacle, brown ; asci cylindrical .0006 U) .0008 in. long, .0005 

broad; spores elliptical, even, .0005 to .('006 in. long, .0003 to 

.0004 broad. 

Ground. Michigan. Isi-ax. Hicks. 

Remarkable for the straight radiating ridges of the hymenium, 

by whicli the species may easily be recognized.


Urnula Geaster n. sp. 

Receptacle urceolate or cupulate, 1 to 2.5 inches broad, at 

length splitting into 4 to 6 rays, narrowed below into a stem-like 

base 3 to 5 lines thick, externally everywhere clothed with a 

dense velvety coat of slender, interwoven, minutely papillose 

brown hairs, flesh white ; hymenium white or whitish, ,035 in. 

thick ; asci very long, cylindrical, .03 in. long ; spores uniseriate, 

oblong or oblong-fusiform, pointed at each end, colorless, .0025 

to .003 in. long, about .0006 broad, often containing a single 

large nucleus. 

Ground. Austin, Texas. November. L. M. Underwood. 

This species is well marked by its Geaster-like rays, its dense 

external velvety-tomentose covering, its thick hymenium and its 

very long spores. These surpass in length the spores of any 

other species of Urnula known to me. 

Diatrypella Underwoodii n. sp. 

Stroma small, .014 to .028 in. broad, prominent, subsnperficial, 

convex or subconical, uneven, black ; perithecia few, 1 to 3 in a 

stroma, the ostiola obscure; asci fusiform or subclavate, long- 

pedicellate, the sporiferous part about .003 in. long, often swollen 

or irregularly tumid in the middle or at the base, the pedicel 

nearly as long as the sporiferous part ; spores allantoid, ,0003 in. 


Dead branches of mesquit. Austin, Texas. November. 

Underwood. 

Distinguished for its very small verrucose stroma with few 

perithecia, and for its singularh^ swollen and irregular asci, 

Rhytidhysterium Prosopidis w. sp. 

Perithecia superficial, very hard when dry, subelliptical or 

trigonal, black, with very obtuse, thick, involute, crenulate or 

transversely sulcate-costate labia?, becoming expanded and softer 

when moistened, suborbicular, revealing the dingy yellowish- 

green distinctly margined disk ; asci slender, cylindrical, .007 

to .008 in. long, .00045 to .0005 broad, eight-spored ; spores 

uniseriate, oblong, sometimes slightly curved, at first colorless 

and uniseptate, then colored and triseptate, .0008 to .0012 in.

40 


long, .0003 to .0004 broad ; paraphyses sliglitly surpassing the 

asci, several times forked or multifid at the apex. 

Dead branches of mesquit, Prosopia juliflora. Austin, Texas. 

November. Underwood. 

This species is apparently related to B. Braziliense, from 

which I have separated it because of its more slender asci and 

smaller spores. 

. 

Chaetophoma setigera n. sp. 

Perithecia minute, .003 to .005 in. broad, gregarious, epiphyl- 

lous and amphigenous, subglobose, black, seated on a thin effused 

superficial separable blackish stratum of interwoven filaments 

and adorned Avith a, few slender erect or divergent black setce 

.003 to .0045 in. long ; s]iores numerous, minute, elliptical or 

oblong, colorless, .00016 to .00024 in. long, .00008 to .OnOl broad, 

often with a minute nucleus at each end. 

Living leaves of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia. Berkeley, 

California. March. M. B. Howe. 

Cylindrocolla Dendroctoni /Vt. 

(Flora of West Virginia, p. 516.) 

Sporodochia minute, forming irregular masses, white or whitish, 

somewhat waxy; sporophores slender, abundantly branched 

above, often compacted below into a short stem-like base ; 

spores 

catenulate, short cylindrical, subtriincate, colorless, .0001 G to 

.0002 in. long, .00008 to .0001 broad. 

Dead insects, Dendroctonns frontalis, and the inner bark of 

pine just about them. "West Virginia. May. C. F. MilU^paugh. 

The insects are probably killed by the fungus as they lie dead 

in the furrows which they had excavated in the inner bark of 

pine trees, Pinus inops. 

(E.) 

NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 

Anemone Virginiana Z. 

The variety with white obtuse petals was found near 

Whitehall 

Anemone nemorosa L. var. quinquefolia. 

Common near Delmar, also at Karner. May.


Magnolia glauca L. 

This small but beautiful tree has long been credited to Long 

Island, but I have been able to find it in only a single locality 

In this place the trees are ten or twelve feet high and very 

slender, the trunk scarcely exceeding an inch or an inch and a 

half in diameter. The branches are short, which give the trees 

a rather strict appearance. The flowers are creamy-white and 

the fruit globular rather than "oblong." In the N. Y. State 

Flora its blossoming time is said to be May and June, but the 

past summer the trees were yet in blossom on the fifteenth of 

July. It is greatly to be hoped that the owners of the land 

where these trees grow will not allow them to be destroyed 

There are not many of them, and it is possible they may be the 

only wild representatives of the species in our State 

Arabis perfoliata Lam. 

This rare plant still exists on the rocky banks of the Black 

river below Watertown, Avhere it was found more than fifty 

years ago. 

Buda rubra Bmmmt. 

Hempstead Plains. July. A small form three or four inches 

high. 

Hypericum Ascyron L. 

This plant which is not common in our State has been found in 

Washington county. Burnham. 

Erodium Cicutarium Z' Her. 

Fields near Schenectady. July. Wibhe. 

Flcerkea proserpinacoides Wlllcl. 

Near Syracuse. Mrs. L. L. Goodrioh. 

Vitis aestivalis Mx. var. bicolor Le Conte. 

Whitehall. July. 

Polygala polygama Walt. 

West side of Mount Defiance on thin soil covering rocks. 

June. A form having pale-pinkish flowers was collected near 

Riverhead ; also near Amagansett. July. 

1892. 6 

. 

.

42 


Polygala sanguinea L. 

Alcove. September. A late flowering form springing up in 

meadows and having the flowers wholly bright-purple. The 

common form on Long Island, which was in blossom in July, has 

the flowers greenish-purple. 

Adams. June. 

Vicia sativa L. var. angustifolia Ser. 

Vicia tetrasperma L. 

Bethlehem. June. This introduced species of vetch is evidently 

not limited to places near the sea coast as indicated in the Manual. 

Vicia Cracca L. 

Eoadsides. Ticonderoga and Brownville. June. 

Rosa blanda Ait. 

Rocky banks of the Black river below Brownville. June. 

The absence of spines in this species together with its glabrous 

i:)eduncles and calyx tubes and its persistent sepals, makes it one 

of the most easily recognizable of our native roses. The stems 

often have a few prickles toward the base but so far as I have 

seen they are always glabrous above. The rose found near 

Westport and which, in this Report I have referred to R. Sayi, 

seems to be intermediate between this species and typical R. Sayi. 

Its fruit is similar to that of R. hlanda, but its stems and often its 

branches are very prickly, its stipules which are either narrow or 

dilated are distinctly glandular-ciliate and its leaflets are more 

rounded at the base and their serratures occasionally serrulate. 

The prickly stems usually have slender spines interspersed among 

the prickles. For these reasons it seems rather to be a variety of 

R. Sayi than of R. hlanda. 

Rosa Carolina L. 

This is the only wild rose I have found in the heart of the 

Adirondack wilderness. It occurs along the inlets of Raquette 

lake and at Forked lake. It is in flower there in August. In one 

instance a tendency to the formation of double flowers was shown, 

the blossom having seven petals. The species occurs in all parts 

of the State. The fine serratures of the leaflets appear to be the


most available character for distinguishing this species from its 

allies. The stems are sometimes very prickly, especially when 

young. 

Rosa lucida Ehrh. 

" Margins of s^vamps or moist places " is given in the Manual 

as the habitat of this species. On Long Island it is not uncommon 

to find unmistakable forms of it growing in dry places and asso- 

ciated with E. humilis. The stout spines, which are either 

straight or curved, seem to be the most available character by 

which to distinguish it from R. humilis, but it must be confessed 

that intermediate forms occur which are perplexing. I have not 

observed prickles on the stem of this species, but they are some- 

times present in 7?. humilis. 

Anielanchier Canadensis T. t& G. 

A form of variety rotundifoUa, three to six feet high, occurs 

in sandy soil near Karner. Variety ohlongifolia also grows there, 

but generally with the leaves rounded or broadly oval. A dwarf 

form also occurs, three or four feet high and having three to six 

flowers in a raceme. The petals are short and narrow. 

Sedum acre L. 

Very plentiful about Brownville, growing in thin soil covering 

rocks. 

Myriophyllum ambiguum Nutt. 

Fisher's island, Suffolk county. Rev. J. L. Zabrishie. The 

small variety limosum. 

Lythrum Salicaria L. 

Head of Lake Champlain. iw^y. 

Cuphea viscossissima Jacq. 

Vaughn's, Washington count3^ Burnhaia. This is an exten- 

sion of its range northward. 

Opuntia vulgaris Mill. 

Specimens of an Opuntia found growing Ir sandy soil near the 

mouth of Peconic river, with few or no spines, short leaves and 

fruit not over an inch long appear to be referable to this species, 

to which thev are referred in the State Flora.

44 


Galium pilosum Ait. 

A small form six to nine inches high, with short internodes, 

leaves about half an inch long and flowers crowded in small 

dense chisters was collected on the north slope of Skylight 

mountain, one of the Adirondacks. It might be called variety 

parvum. 

Galium circsezans Mx. var, glabrum Britton. 

Leaves and stems nearly glabrous ; corolla glabrous. "White- 

hall, New Scotland and Sandlake. July. 

Solidago bicolor L. 

A branching form, both of this and its variety concolor, is 

quite common. Each branch is terminated by a spike-like 

panicle of flowers. 

Solidago humilis Pitrsh. 

Top of Bald mountain, near Third lake, Herkimer county. 

Four distinct forms of this species occur in this limited station. 

First, a very leafy dwarf form, four to six inches high with a 

short dense panicle one to two inches long. Second, a very 

leafy form eight to twelve inches high, with an oblong leafy 

interrupted but dense panicle. The margins of the lower leaves 

are often wavy toward the base. These forms make a very close 

approach to the Western var. nana. Third, a still taller form 

in which the stem is less leafy, the leaves are smaller, more narrow 

and scattered, and the panicle is elongated, narrow and 

spike-like, but commonly interrupted either in its entire length 

or toward the base only. This is one to two feet high. The 

upper leaves are entire, the lower and radical ones more or less 

bluntly serrate. The stem is either green or purple and is gla- 

brous below. This is the most abundant form. The fourth 

form is like this in all respects except that it has a broader, more 

branched panicle The panicles in all the forms are so glutinous 

that they adhere to the drying papers when placed in press. 

It is a little remarkable that this species should exhibit such 

a variety of forms in such a limited locality. All the forms 

appeared to be growing under the same conditions of soil, tem- 

perature, moisture and exposure. I suspect this is the plant 

which in Paine's Catalogue is referred to Solidago speciosa var. 

angustata. It is separable from that species by its glutinous


panicle, more numerous rays and more narrow radical leaves. 

A large form of this species was collected on the gravelly bank 

at the outlet of the Lower Ausable pond. It is apparantly the 

same as that credited in the Manual to the " base of the White 

Mountains " 

Solidago uliginosa JSFutt. 

In a " beaver meadow " about one mile southeast of the Forge 

House, Fulton Chain, a singular form of this species grows. The 

lower branches of the panicle are elongated and appressed, 

thus causing the panicle to take a pompon shape. In this locality 

the species was in blossom in August, and did not appear to be 

any earlier than Solidago arguta, S. Canadensis^ S. rugosa and 

S. lanceolata, all of which were in flower there at the same time. 

Solidago rugosa Mill. 

A variety pallida, having both ray and disk flowers a pale 

creamy yellow color, occurs at Shokan, Ulster county. 

Solidago nemoralis Ait. var. elongata Pk. 

Abundant about Shokan. 

Aster Herveyi Gray. 

Borders of woods. Blue Mountain lake and Voorheesville. 

August and September. 

In the Manual this is indicated as an "ambiguous species" 

approaching A. inacrophyllus. It is indeed liable to be mistaken 

for that species, at least in some of its forms, if I rightly understand 

it. In the New York specimens the branchlets and 

peduncles are glandular-hairy and the involucral scales are 

glandular and the rays are violet as in A. Ilerveyi, though 

in some instances the color is ])ale violet. On tlie other 

hand, the leaves are not always lanceolate, but are sometimes 

ovate and distinctly serrate. They are also rough and rather 

thick as in ^. macrophyllus. But this species, as described in 

the N. Y. State Flora, has a reddish-tawny pappus, while in 

our violet-rayed specimens the pappus is white or whitish, which 

is an additional reason for separating them from A. tnacrophyUus 

if this should prove to be a reliable character. It seems best, 

therefore, to consider them as a variety of A. Herveyi, and to

46 


indicate their character thus : Aster Herveyi Gr. var. intermedia 

Pk. Branchlets and peduncles glandular-hairy ; heads large 

rays violet ; involucral scales glandular, erect, all or all except 

the Ioniser and more pointed inner ones, green or with green 

tips ; pappus white or whitish ; leaves rather thick and rough, 

ovate or lanceolate, the lower on naked petioles and more or less 

cordate, the upper sessile, the radical leaves large, broadly ovate- 

cordate, rough, on long naked petioles. 

Apparently intermediate l)etween typical A. Herveyi and 

A. macrophyllus. With this it has probably been confused, but 

from it it may be separated b}' the larger heads, color of the 

rays and pappus and glandular peduncles. 

Aster corymbosus Alt. 

A pale, violet-rayed form with white pappus was obtained at 

Shokan. In general appearance it is quite like ordinary forms, 

but the color of the rays and of the pappus indicates a slight 

variation toward A. Herveyi. 

Aster cordifolius L. var, laevigatas Porter. 

This variety, well-marked and easily recognized, though not 

indicated in the Manual, extends northward to Shokan, in the 

Catskill mountains. 

Aster laevis L. 

West Albany. Septemljer. A form having rays nearly white. 

This is apparently the same or nearly the same as the white-rayed 

form found at Fort Edward l^y Dr. Vanden'burg and mentioned 

in the Flora of Xorth America. The color of the rays becomes 

a little more bluish-tinted in drying. 

Aster diffusus Ait. var. variifolius n. oar. 

Heads scattered, mostl}' on bracted peduncles one-half to one 

inch long; branches horizontally spreading or slightly ascending; 

leaves sharply serrate with prominent teeth, varying from very 

long and narrowly lanceolate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, the 

broadest ones abruptly narrowed towards the base as if into a 

widely margined petiole. 

Sandlake and Catskill mountains. September. 

In the Manual this species is described as having the leaves 

lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the lower somewhat serrate in 

;


the middle. In our specimens all the leaves have very distinct 

serratures and they vary greatly in shape. Because of the 

scattered heads on long peduncles it seems to connect with 

A. Tradeseanti, from which, as well as from A. diffusus var. 

hifrons, it differs in the character of its leaves. 

Aster prenanthoides Muhl. 

This species which, in the N. Y. Flora, is credited to the 

western part of the State only, is abundant and variable in the 

Catskill mountains. The heads are corymbose or paniculate, the 

rays are white, bluish-white, violet or blue and the leaves vary 

from the typical ovate acuminate form with its long abrupt and 

conspicuously contracted base to a narrowh' lanceolate form in 

which the basal contraction is scarcely noticeable. They vary in 

length from two and a half to six or seven inches. They are 

generally distinctly serrate, but in a form which seems sufficiently 

well marked to merit designation as variety diffusifolius, the 

serratures are less prominent, the leaves are shorter, widest in 

the middle and less abruptly contracted, so thai in shape they are 

strongly suggestive of those of the ordinary form of A. difusus. 

The paniculate heads are about three lines high and the scales 

are less spreading than in the type. 

This variety seems to run into A. prenanthoides on one hand 

and into A. jnmiceus on the other. Its agreement with the 

description of A. jnmiceus var. Icevicaidis is very close, and I 

have not referred our s[)ecimens to this variety because of the 

character and arrangement of the hairs of the upper part of the 

stem and its branches and because of its apparently more close 

connection with A. prenanthoides in habitat size and appearance 

of the heads and shape of the leaves. The plants were asso- 

ciated in locality with both these species and may perhaps be a 

cross between them. 

Senecio aureus L. var. Balsamitse T. & G. 

Rocky bank of Black river below Brownville. June. 

Hieracium. preealtum Vill. 

This troublesome weed, recently introduced into the northern 

part of the State is rapidly spreading. It was found in three 

places near Adams, Jefferson county. It is evidently not par-

48 


ticular as to soil or surroundings. It grows in sandy, clayey or 

gravelly soil, in places wet or dry, on naked ground or among 

grasses and exposed to the full rays of the sun or protected by 

the shade of trees. It already has a foothold in at least three 

counties 

Vaccinium stamineum L. 

Th( fruit of this species sometimes attains a diameter of live 

or six lines. Its flavor is similar to that of the cranberry for 

which it might be made a substitute. 

Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi ISpreng. 

Abundant in sandy soil in the eastern part of Long Island. 

Primula Mistassinica Mx. 

This rare and local plant is still an inliabitant of the rocky 

cliffs along Fish creek above Taberg. Its flowers vary in color 

from white to pink or lilac. 

Phlox divaricata X. 

Near Sanford's Corners, Jefferson county. June. 

Mimulus moschatus J>ougl. 

Near Middle Grove, Saratoga county. July. Wibhe. 

Woods near Shokan. 

Conopholis Americana Wallr. 

E,um.ex verticillatus L. 

Head of Lake Champlain growing in water two or three feet 

deep and emitting from the submerged joints of the stem 

numerous rootlets. 

Polygonum amphibium L. 

In the pond and river which form the outlet of the Fulton 

Chain of lakes, this species forms circular patches, which, from 

a little distance, might be taken for small islands. The plants 

are densely matted and in the central part of the ])atch they rise 

above the surface of the water and send up erect shoots, thus 

giving the aspect of an elevation in the center. Contrary to the 

Manual descri[ttion, these plants have flower spikes from one to


three inches long as in P. MuTilen\ergii. Nor are these always 

terminal, for the stem is sometimes prolonged or branched near 

the top in such a way as to leave the flower spikes lateral or 

axillary. I label the specimens var, longispicatum. 

Polygonum acre H. B, K. 

Sea shore near Amagansett, ZvXj. This is a form in which 

the leaf has a dark colored central spot. 

Polygonum, cilinode Mx. 

A small form, variety erectum, eight to twelve inches high, 

was discovered on the top of Bald mountain. Not finding any- 

thing on which to climb it assumes an erect mode of growth. 

It is either simple or sparsely branched. Its behavior is in 

marked contrast to that of the woodbine, Cissus Ampelopsis^ 

another climbing plant, which, when growing in places where it 

finds nothing on which to climb, trails over the ground. 

Aplectrum hiemale Nutt. 

This rare plant occurs sparingly near Vaughn's, Washington 

county. Bm'nham. 

Habenaria lacera B.. Br. 

Border of woods. Selkirk. July. This is a peculiar form 

worthy of designation as var. elongata. Flower spike eight to 

ten inches long, bracts narrow, linear-lanceolate, the lower ones 

much longer than the flowers, segments of the corolla, longer 

and more slender than usual, the middle segment of the lip 

linear, scarcely widened at the tip. 

Aletris farinosa L. 

Abundant on Hempstead Plains in open fields. July. 

Jancus tenuis WUld. var. secundus Eagelm. 

Riverhead and Amagansett. July. Blue Mountain lake. 

August. The branches of the panicle are not always incurved, 

but the secuad capsules give to the plant a very distinct appear- 

ance. Yar. congestus, or its eastern analogue, was collected at 

Amagansett. 

18y.. 7

50 

Report of tee State Botanist. 

Juncus Greenii 0.


Carex torta Boott. 

Three quite distinct forms of tiiis species grow along Fish 

,> creek, near Taberg. In one the fertile spikes are long, loosely 

f 

flowered at the base, and distant, and the lowest bract is long 

and leaf-like, much surpassing the spike and neai'ly equaling the 

culm in length. In the second the spikes are approximate with 

the bracts ver}^ slender and shorter than the spikes. In the third 

form the fertile spikes are shorter, about one inch long, more 

compactly flowered, approximate and erect or merely spreading. 

All are more or less staminate at the apex and the scale equals or 

exceeds the perigynium. The bracts are shorter than the spikes. 

This form approaches Carex stricta in appearance and is so well 

marked that I would caU it var. staininata. 

Carex Hitchcockiana Dew. 

Slopes of Mt. Defiance. This is a few-flowered form having 

one to three perigynia in a spike, with the scales barely equaling, 

or shorter than the perigynia. 

Carex Pennsylvanica Lam. 

This is a very variable species, and some of the forms seem to 

be worthy of special designation, as forms if not varieties. 

Form hracteata. Bract of the lowest spike green, elongated, 

generally exceeding its spike. Oak woods. Yoorheesville. 

Yorva. paleacea. Scale large, ovate-lanceolate, longer than the 

perigynium. Sandy soil. Karner. 

Variety distans. Fertile spikes four to eight lines apart. Sandy 

soil. Lerayville. 

Variety angustifolia. Leaves very narrow, one-half to two- 

thirds of a line wide, mostly longer than the culm. Long Island. 

This appears to be a good variety. By its narrow leaves it 

approaches Carex varia Muhl., but the character of the spikes 

and of the perigynia require its reference to G. Pennsylvanica. 

Form hracteata makes an approach toward C communis. 

Carex cephaloidea Dew. 

"Woods near Adams. June. Eare in the eastern part of the 

State.

52 


Carex canescens L. 

Montauk Point. July. This is a singular form in which the 

uppermost spike is wholly staminate or nearly so. I call it var. 

staminata. 

Carex foenea Wllld var. perplexa Bailey. 

Rocky hills near Whitehall. July. In our s})ecimens the s])ikes 

are distinctly narrowed at the base, the heads are sometimes 

slightly nodding and the inner face of the perigynium is less- 

prominently nerved. They appear to approach more nearly C. 

straminea. 

Carex tribuloides Wald. var. Bebbii Bailey. 

Lansingburgh. Howe. Variety irducta Bailey was collected 

at Blue Mountain lake in a 'form with the spikes aggregated in 

an oblong head, an inch or an inch and a half long. It might be 

called form aggregata. 

Setaria Italica Kunth. 

Raquette lake. A chvarf form with s})ikes scarcely half an 

inch long, ap])arently the result of an attempt to cultivate the 

Hungarian grass in a cold climate and an uncongenial soil. 

Agrostis alba L. var. minor Va.êy 

Lansiug'burgh. Howe. A form closelv resembling- tliis in 

external appearance, but having an awn as long as the flower and 

a palet about one-fourth as long as the flowering glume, was col- 

lected at Riverhead. It is well marked by the awri, which rises 

near the base of the flower and is somewhat bent in the middle, 

but other forms also have tlie same kind of an awm, notably the 

one which in the Flora of New York is referred to .1. stricta. 

Calamagrostis Canadensis Bo. 

In the Adirondack' region this common grass often has the 

panicle contracted both before and after flowêring. 

Trisetum subspicatum Bv. var. molle Gr. 

Abundant on the rocky banks of Black river below Brownville. 

June. 

.

Repobt of the State Botanist. 53 

Poa serotina Ehrh. 

( )n dry rocky hillsides near Whitehall is a form having panicles 

of comparatively few two-flowered spikelets. 

Glyceria nervata Trin. 

Woods near Adams. June. This is a leafy form Avith small 

green flowers and s])ikelets for which Dr. Vasey suggests the 

name var. parviHora. 

Glyceria grandis Wats. 

Whitehall. July. A form with green spikelets. It grew in 

the shade. 

Aspidium spinulosum Sw. 

The typical form of this fern is said to be rare in this country. 

It is very abundant near the top of Blue mountain. August. 

Lygodium palinatum Sio. 

McDonough, Chenango county. Mrs. D. B. Fitch. Tliis is the 

second station in which this fern has been found in our State. 

Botrychium ternatum Sin. 

A IcoN'c. Shear. A singular form with two fertile fronds. 

Amanita muscaria L. var. alba Pk. 

This variety is common about Alcove. Shear. It also occurs 

on Long Island in two forms, the normal one and a smaller one 

in which the warts of the pileus are evanescent or wanting. Not 

infrequently it makes a close approach to white forms of A. 

pautherina, in having the u])j)er part of the bulb uniformity mar- 

gined by the remains of tlie definitely circumscissile volva, but 

this margin is more acute than in that species. 

Armillaria mellea Vahl. 

There seems to be no end to the variations of this most poly- 

morphous species. A well marked variety, var. hulhosa, has the 

stem rather short and terminating below in a large bulb. Two

54 


patches of this variety were found near Shokan. The plants 

"were growing on the ground under hemlock trees, Tsuga Cana- 

densis^ and were generally cêspitose. There were scores of these 

tufts and in all, the plants had bulbous stems. Ihis is the direct 

counterpart to var. radicaia, in which the stem ends below in a 

long root-like point which penetrates the earth deeply, and 

resembles the tap-root of CoUyhia radicata. Varieties hscura 

flava and glahra of Gillet all occur in our State, and to these may 

be added also var. albida Pk. in which the pileus is white or 

whitish. I have also received f r< )m I 

)r. Taylor of "Washington, 

D. C, and from Dr. Jelliffe of Brooklyn, a densely cgespitose, 

slender-stemmed form with no annulus, it being evanescent or 

entirely wanting This I call var. ex.annulata. It is scarcely 

distinguishable from Clitocybe aquatica Banning, and Clitocyhe 

mona


Pholiota discolor Pk. 

Ydir. minor. Small; pileus 6 to 10 lines broad, chestnut color 

when young or moist ; stem about 1 line thick, at first clothed 

with whitish fibrils. Among mosses about or on the base of 

stumps. Shokan. September. 

Galera teneroides Pk. 

This species is not rare in the Adirondack woods. It often 

grows on decaying wood and branches. The color, though 

approaching that of G. tener, is more dull or broAvnish both 

when moist and when dry. The moist pileus is sometimes 

striatulate almost to the disk. 

Agaricus silvicola Vltt. 

The New York specimens heretofore referred to this species 

differ in some respects from the European plant if we may rely 

upon the published descriptions. The stem is quite constantly 

abruptly bulbous at the base, and the annulus is usually double, 

the lower or exterior one being of a floccose texture, smaller 

and split iu a radiating manner as in that of A. arvensis. 

The very young lamellai are also whitish as in that species and 

wounds or bruises of the flesh are apt to become yellowish, all of 

which indicate a closer affinity in our plant to A. arvensis than 

to A. camj)ester. It seems to me, therefore, that greater scientific 

accuracy Avill be attained by referring our ])lant to A. arve/isis'Sis 

a var. abrvjytns, and considering it distinct from the European 

A. .nlvicohi, which is described as having a simple annulus 

and whicl] is figured as having the stem slightly and gradually 

thickened at the base. The name air apt us will indicate the 

character of the bulb in our plant. I have made trial of its 

edible tjualities and find it very good eating, though scarcely as 

highly flavored as the common mushroom. 

Psilocybe squalidella Pk. 

Yar. Gcespitosa. Densely ca3spitose; pilei often irregular from 

mutual pressure, firm but flexible and elastic, pale-alutaceous or 

watery-brown when moist, ochraceous or reddish-yellow when 

dry ; stem subcartilaginous, somewhat fibrous, stuffed or hollow, 

frequently wavy, reddish-brown or rufescent, })aler at the top,

56 


especially when young, usually with a dense whitish or gray 

villosity at tlie base. 

In ct |)l;;c('s. Shokan. September. 

The typical for u of the species was referred to Hypholoma, 

but the absence of any well-developed veil and the subcartila- 

ginous texture of the stem indicate that its true place is in 

Psilocybe, in the vicinitv of P spadicea. 

Cortinarius pulchrifolius Pk. 

Delmar and Shokan. September. This rare species, which is 

well-marked by the peculiar color of the young lamellae which 

resembles that of tl.ie Limellge of Clitoeyle laccata or ^^ ochropur- 

piir


Trametis Sepium JBerk. 

This species often occurs in a resupinate form, which, when 

growing in the woods, is sometimes several inches in extent. The 

pileate form is generally very narrow though sometimes greatly 

elongated laterally by the confluence of several individuals. 

Stereum complicatum. FV. 

Yar. laceratum. Margin of the pileus lacerated or multifid. 


Pterula setosa Pk. 

Dr. Patouillard has founded a new genus, Hirsutella, to which 

he has transferred this species. He also transfers Thelephora 

pedicellata Schw. to a new genus, Septobasidium. 

Comatricha aqualis Ph. 

Mr. Geo. Massee, in his Monograph of the Myxogastres, con- 

cludes that the genus Comatricha is so intimately connected with 

the genus Stemonitis that it is untenable. He therefore places 

this and other species of Comatricha in Stemonitis. This species 

is sometimes abundant on decaying wood of sugar maple in the 

Adirondack forests. The thin fugacious walls of the sporangia 

have a silvery luster. 

Trichia reniformis Pk. 

Bark of striped maple, Acer Pennsylvanicum. Fulton Chain. 

August. A rare but well-marked and very distinct species. The 

clustered or subcsespitose mode of growth, the brown color of the 

peridia and the short elaters are peculiar features. It has also 

occurred at Karner on bark of red maple, Acei' ruhruTn. 

Didymium microcarpum. Post. 

An apparent variety of this species has spores a little larger 

than in the type and on smooth surfaces the stem rises from a 

circular h3'pothallus, which is adorned with radiating lines as in 

D. radiatum. 

Chrysomyxa Pyrolae Pôstr. 

Living leaves of Pyrola chlorantha. Delmar. June. The uredo 

form on this host has the sori mucji more scattered than on the 

leaves of Pyrola rottmdifolia. 


58 

Beport of the State Botanist. 

PloAvrigiitia morbosa Sacc. 

This noxious fungus is subject to considerable variation in its 

behavior and in its time of fruiting. Specimens were collected 

on choke cherry, Primus Virginiana, near Karner, May 16th, in 

which conidia and ascospores were both present in abundance. 

CoTiidia-bearing excrescences were also found which were evi- 

dently due to the sowing of spores, as they were alone on 

branches containing no others. These probably were due to last 

year's sowing of spores, for if of the present year's sowing they 

must have developed with unusual rapidity. Specimens of this 

fungus were also collected on the wild red cherry, Prunus Penn- 

sylvanica, on the slopes of Blue mountain. The excrescences 

were mostly single on the branches and gave no evidence of a dispo- 

sition to spread by the extension of the mycelium. In many cases 

the affected branch was already dead or in a dying condition, in 

which cases there would, of course, be no spread of the disease 

by the mycelium. 

Cryptospora suffusa Tul. 

Yar. nuda. Stroma not sutfused with a yellowish dust. On 

dead stems of alder and hazel-nut. Karner and West Albany, 

The black circumscribing line is also ap]5arently absent in some 

cases. 

NEW YORK SPECIES OF rLUTEOLUS. 

Pleuteolus Fr. 

Pileus slightly fleshy, conical or campanulate, then expanded, 

viscid, the margin at first straight, appressed to the stem ; stem 

subcartilaginous, distinct from the hymenophorum ; lamellae 

rounded-free. Hym. Europ., p. 266. 

This genus corresponds to the genus Pluteus in the pink-spored 

series. The species are similar in structure to the species of that 

genus, but they difi'er somewhat in the character of the stem and 

in the color of the lamelhe and spores. Its species were sep- 

arated by Fries from the genus Galera because of their viscid 

pileus and free lamelhi?. I have included in it two species 

formerly referred to Galera by me. They are Galera expansa


and G. callista. They do not quite fully meet the requirements 

of the generic character inasmuch as their lamella? are not 

entirely free, but in other respects, and especially in the viscid 

pileus, they agree better with this genus than with Galera. The 

attachment- of the lamellae to the stem is very slight, but just 

enough to show the intimate relationship of the two genera. 

Synopsis of the Species. 

Lamellae wholly free 1 

Lamellae slightl}^ adnexed 2 

1. Plant growing on dung or rich soil coprophilus. 

1. Plant growing on decaying wood .... reticulatus. 

2. Plant growing on damp soil in exsiccated water 

holes callistus. 

2. Plant growing on decaying wood or rich soil . . . expansus. 

Pleuteolus coprophilus n. sp. 

Dung-lovinCt Plutkolus. 

Pileus thin, submembranous, fragile, conical or campanulate, 

becoming nearly plane, somewhat viscid when moist, finely 

striate on the margin, pinkish-grey; lamellee narrow, crowded, 

free, pale cinnamon ; stem long, straight or somewhat flexuous, 

hollow, white, sometimes tinged with pink; spores elliptical, 

dark-ferruginous, .0005 to ^006 in. long, about .0003 in. broad. 

Pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad ; stem 2 to 3.5 in. long, 1 to 2 lines 

thick. 

Dung heaps. Albany and Warren counties. May and June, 

The plants sometimes are caespitose. The striations of the 

pileus are similar to those of Galera lateritia, from which this 

species is separated by its more expanded viscid pileus, different 

color and free lamellae. 

Pluteolus expansus Pk. 

Expanded Pluteolus. 

CGalera expansa Pk. Twenty-sixth State Mus. Rep., p. 58.) 

Pileus submembranaceous, becoming nearly plane or centrally 

depressed, viscid, plicate-striate on the margin, brownish-ochra- 

ceous, often tinged with yellow, grey, pink or greenish hues; 

lamellae narrow, close, rounded behind, slightly adnexed, pale

60 

cinnamon or ferruginous ; 


stem rather long, slender, fragile, equal 

or slightly tapering upward, hollow, faintly striate, pruinose, 

yellow or greenish-yellow ; spores .00045 to .0005 in. long, .00025 

to .0003 broad. 

Pileus 1 to 1.5 in. broad ; stem 3 to 4 in. long, 1 to 2 lines 

thick. 

Decaying wood and rich ground. ( )nondaga and Rensselaer 

counties. June to August. 

Var. terrestris. Pileus grayish-yellow, tinged with green, stem 

greenish-yellow. Growing on rich or well-manured soil. The 

plicate striations of the pileus are similar to those of Galera 

flava and G. coprinoides. The species has been removed to this 

genus because of the viscidity of the pileus, nevertheless it must 

be confessed that such a feature is scarcely satisfactory for 

generic distinction. 

Pluteolus callistus Pk. 

Most Beautiful Pluteolus. 

(^Galera calUsta Pk. Twenty-sixth State Mus. Rep., p. 59.) 

Pileus thin, expanded, subumbonate, smooth, viscid, striatulate 

on the margin, olivaceous or ochraceous, the umbo bright chest- 

nut color; lamellse thin, close, ventricose, adnexed, easily sepa- 

rating from the stem, yellowish becoming bright ferruginous 

stem equal, hollow, pruinose, yellow ; spores elliptical, .00035 to 


Pileus 6 to 10 lines broad ; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, ,5 line thick. 

Exsiccated water holes in low swampy woods. Lewis county. 

September. 

This pretty little agaric was discovered in 1872, but has not 

since been rediscovered. It may, therefore, be regarded as very 

rare. In the dried specimens the lameUae are white on the edge, 

and the pileus has assumed a dull metallic green color. The 

species is placed in this genus because of its expanded and viscid 

pileus. 

Pluteolus reticulatus Pers. 

Reticulated Pluteolus. 

(Hym. Europ , p. 2G6. Sylloge vol. v., p. 859.) 

Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, viscous, 

reticulata with anastomosing veins, pale violaceous, striate on the 

margin; lamellae free, ventricose, crowded, saffron-ferruginous; 

;


stem hollo^y, fragile, fibrillose, mealj'^ at the top, white ; spores 

elliptical, ferruginous, .OOOi to .0005 in. long, .0002 to .00025 

broad. 


Decaying wood. Cattaraugus county. .September. 

The specimens which I have referred to this species a])p^r to 

be a small form with the pileus scarcely more than an inch broad 

and merely rugose on the disk, not distinctly reticulate as in the 

type. In the dried specimens the pileus has assumed a dark 

violaceous color. The dimensions of the spores have been taken 

from the American plant. I do not find them given by an}'^ 

European author. 

NEW YORK SPECIES OF GALERA. 

Galera Fr. 

Veil none or fibrillose. Stem subcartilaginous, continuous with 

the hymenophorum, tubulai-. Pileus more or less membranaceous, 

conical or oval, then expanded, striate, the margin at first straight 

and appressed to the stem. Lamellae not decurrent. Ilym. 

Europ., p. 266. 

The species of this genus are small and mostly rather fragile. 

The pileus is thin and when young is conical, oval or bell-shaped, 

but in some at least, it becomes expanded with age. "When young 

or moist it has a watery, or hygrophanous appearance, and is 

then either striate or striatulate because of its thinness. The 

colors are either whitish, yellow, ochraceous, cinnamon or ferru- 

ginous in nearly all of our species, but owing to the hygrophanous 

character these generally become paler in the dry ])lant. The 

lamella) are commonly yellowish, tawny, cinnamon or ferruginous. 

The stem is slender, often straight, fragile and hollow and colored 

like the pileus. The genus holds the same place in the ochra- 

ceous-spored series that Mycena holds in the white-spored series 

and Nolan ea in the pink-spored series. Some grow on dung or 

in rich grassy, ground, others are found in woods, either on naked 

soil or on decaying leaves, wood or branches and others still 

occur habitually in wet or damp places among Sphagnum or other 

mosses.

Ql 

Report OF the State Botatîst. 

The species have been arranged by Fries in three groups or 

sections. Of the first section we have six representatives, of the 

second, three, and of the third, one. An additional section has 

been formed which contains two species One-half of our twelve 

species appear to be peculiar to this country. 

* Synopsis of the Species. 

Plants growing among mosses 1 

Plants not growing among mosses 4 

1. Pileus commonly 4 to 6 lines broad 2 

1. Pileus commonly 9 to 12 lines broad Sphagnorum. 

2. Margin of the pileus naked or not fibrillose 3 

2. Margin of the pileus adorned with white fibrils . . . rufipes. 

3. Stem pruinose at the top Hypnorum, 

3. Stem naked at the top aquatilis. 

4. Plant growing on dung or in grassy places 5 

4. Plant growing in uncultivated places 8 

5. Pileus plicate-sulcate coprinoides. 

5. Pileus not plicate-sulcate 6 

6. Pileus ferruginous when moist ovalis. 

0. Pileus paler, yellowish or tawny-cinnamon when moist. . 7 

7. Pileus narrowly conical, striate when dry lateritia. 

7. Pileus broadly conical, not striate when dry tener. 

8. Plant growing on hulls of buckwheat sulcatipes. 

8. Plant having some other habitat 9 

9. Pileus pale-yellow . 

flava. 

9. Pileus some other color 10 

10. Lamellas narrow, close teneroides. 

10. Lamella) broad, subdistant inculta. 

CoNocEPHAL-E. Pileus conic -campanulate, hygrophanous, 

nearly even, when dry sprinkled with soft atoms; stem straight; 

lamellfB ascending, inserted in the top of the cone, somewhat 

crowded. Veil none. 

Galera lateritia Ft-. 

Bkick-red Galeka. 

(Hym. Europ., p. 287. SyUoge Vol. v, p. 860.) 

Pileus thin, narrowly conical or acorn-shaped, often becoming 

campanulate, hygrophanous, yellowish when moist, whitish or 

ochraceous when dry, finely striate on the margin; lamellae


narrow or linear, crowded, ascending, nekrly free, pale-cinnamon 

or tawny-ferruginous; stem straight, slender, fragile, hollow, 

ininntely striate, sprinkled with minute mealy particles or clothed 

with a minute villosity, white ; spores elliptical, ferruginous, 

.0005 to .00055 in. long, .0003 to .00035 broad. 

Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad ; stem 2 to 3 in. long, scarcely 1 line 

thick. 

Dung or i-ich grassy ground. Albany and Rensselaer counties. 

June to September. 

This may be separated from the next following species by its 

more elongated narrowly conical pileus distinctly striate on the 

niargin and by its narrower linear lamella\ The striations are 

fine and close and often reach half way to the center of the pileus. 

In our specimens they are distinct even in the dried plant. We 

have seen no specimens having the pileus as dark colored as in 

the Friesian figure of the moist plant, but many of our American 

agarics are paler or have paler forms than tlie European figures 

indicate for the same species. The hygi'ophanous character of 

the pileus is less clearly shown than in GaUra tener. As in that 

species, there are forms in which both pileus and stem are clothed 

with a minute downy pubescence. When partly dry the pileus 

feels sticky when i^rcssed between the thumb and fingers. 

Galera tener Schaff. 

Tender Galeea. 

(Hym. Europ., p. 267. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 860.) 

Pileus thin, conical broadly and obtusely conical or campanu- 

late, hygrophanous, pale-ferruginous or tawny-cinnamon color 

and striatulate when moist, whitish or creamy-yellow when dry, 

often sprinkled with shining atoms ; 

ascending, adnate, cinnamon color ; 

lamelhe broad, rather close, 

stem straight, slender, fragile, 

hollow, somewhat shining, commonly finely striate, colored like 

the pileus ; 

spores elliptical, dark ferruginous, almost rubiginous, 

.0005 to .00005 in. long, .0003 to .0004 broad. 

Pileus 4 to 10 lines broad ; stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, scarcely 1 

line thick. 

Dung and rich grassy ground. Common. June to September. 

This is our most common species of Galera. It sometimes 

grows in great abundance where cattle have been yarded and in

64 


rich lawns or pastures. It is often found growing on dung in 

company with Panmolvs campannlatus. It varies much in size. 

A small form, form wi;? or, occurs having the pileus hemispherical 

and only three or four lines broad. 

Yar. pilosella {Agaricus pilosellus Pers.), has both pileus and 

stem clothed with a minute erect pubescence when moist. A 

form is sometimes found in which the center of the pileus is 

brown or blackish-brown. 

Galera teneroides Pk. 

WoOD-LOVlNG GaLEKA. 

(Twenty-ninth State JIuseuin Report, p. 39.) 

Pileus thin, campanulate or expanded, hygrophanous, brownishcinnamon 

and striatulate when moist, paler when dry ; lamellie 

narrow, close, yellowish-cinnamon ; 

stem straight, slender, hollow, 

colored like the pileus ; spores nearly elliptical, subluteus, .0003 

to .00035 in. long, .00016 to .0002 broad. 

Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad ; stem 1 to 2 in. long, about half a 

line thick. Ground, dung and decaying wood and branches in 

woods. Adirondack mountains and in Albany county. June to 

September. 

This species is closely related to Galera tener as may be inferred 

from the name, but it is nevertheless distinct in its more brown 

or smoky-tinted color, more expanded mature pileus, more narrow 

lamellae and smaller paler spores. 

Galera ovalis Fr. 

Oval Galera. 

(Hym. Europ., p. 268. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 863.) 

Pileus somewhat membranaceous, oval or campanulate, hygro- 

phanous, brownish-ferruginous and obscurely striatulate on the 

margin when moist, paler and even when dry, fragile ; lamellae 

nearly free, very broad, ventricose, ferruginous ; stem straight, 

slender, hollow, slightly striate, colored nearly like the pileus; 

spores elliptical, dark-ferruginous, .0004 to .0005 in. long, .00025 

to .0003 broad. 

Pileus 8 to 12 lines broad ; stem 3 to 4 in. long, about 1 line 

thick. 

Dung. Albany county. June.


The specimens which 1 have referred to this species were 

collected many years ago. I have not found any like them since. 

They differ from Galera tener chiefly in their larger size and 

darker color, both when moist and when dry. The species is 

evidently a very rare one. 

Galera sulcatipes Pk. 

SULCATE-STEMMED GaLEKA. 

(Thirty-fifth State Mus. Rep , p. 132.) 

Pileus thin, ovate, conical or subcampanulate, hygrophanous 

chestnut-colored and mostly striatulate on the margin when 

moist, paler when dry ; lamellae ascending, subdistant, adnate, 

whitish becoming ferruginous-cinnamon ; stem slender, straight 

or fiexuous, equal, hollow, rather tenacious, striate-sulcate, silky, 

floccose-pruinose toward the base, white ; spores elliptical, 

ferruginous-cinnamon, .00025 to ,0003 in. long, .00016 broad. 

Pileus 5 to 8 lines broad ; stem 1.5 to 3 in. long, about 1 line 

thick. 

Gregarious on a pile of buckwheat bran lying on the ground in 

woods. Albany county. August. 

The white and almost shining stem is striate and silky above, 

pulverulent or floccose-pruinose toward the base where it generally 

assumes a greenish-blue color if handled when moist. The pileus 

fades in drying to subochraceous. The lamellae are sometimes 

white on the edge. Found in 1881 but not detected since. A 

rare species but very distinct in the character of its stem and 

in its peculiar habitat. 

Galera inculta Pk. 

Rude Galeba. 

(Forty -first State Mus. Rep., p. 69.) 

Pileus thin, somewhat fragile, campanulate, then convex or 

nearly plane, obtuse or rarely with a small umbo, hygrophanous, 

cinnamon color and striatulate when most, buff color and atomate 

when dry, sometimes minutely pitted or corrugated, rarely 

rimose-squamulose ; lamellae broad, subdistant, ventricose, 

adnexed, white crenulate on the edge, at first pallid, then pale- 

stem straight or subflexuous, hollow, brittle, slightly 

cinnamon ; 

silky, reddish-brown, sometimes mealy or pruinose at the top and 

18y2. 9

66 


white-villose at the base ; spores subelliptical, pointed at each end, 

brownish-ferruginous, .0006 to .OOOoS in. long, .0003 broad. 

Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 1 to 1.5 in. long, .5 to 1 line 

thick. 

Damp ground under willows and alders. Catskill mountains. 

September. 

The moist pileus resembles in color that of the small glabrous 

striatulate form of Clitocyhe laccata, the dry one that of Galera 

tener. The specimens were found growing with Naucoria palu- 

dosa, from which they may be distinguished by the more cam- 

panulate pileus, the broader and more distant lamellas and the 

larger spores. 

Bryogenj^. Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, striate, 

glabrous, hygraphanous, even when dry, opake, slightly silky 

stem thin, lax, flexile; lamellae broadly and plainly adnate, 

broad, subdenticulate. Slender, growing among mosses, the 

veil very fugacious. 

Galera aquatilis M: 

Aquatic Galera. 

CHym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 869.) 

Pileus membranaceous, campanulate or convex, glabrous, 

watery, hygrophanous, pallid-honey color and striatulate on the 

margin when moist, soft and whitish when dry, often with a 

yellowish papilla; lamellae distant, triquetrous, plane, adnate, 

pallid ; stem very long, slender, even, glabrous, whitish or yel- 

lowish ; spores elliptical, .0004 in. long, .00024 broad. 

Pileus 5 to 6 lines broad ; stem (in our specimens) 2 to 3 in. 

long, scarcely 1 line thick. 

Among mosses in wet places. Catskill mountains. July. A 

rare species. In our specimens the stem is less elongated than 

in the European plant. 

Galera Sphagnorum Pers. 

Sphagnum Galeea. 

(Hym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v . p. 869.) 

Pileus thin, conical convex or expanded, sometimes with a 

small umbo or papilla, hygrophanous, tawny or subochraceous 

and usually striatulate on the margin when moist, pale-ochraceous 

or buff when dry; lamellae thin, subdistant, tawny-ochraceous 

;


stem slender, hollow, more or less fibrillose, subflexuous, colored 

like the pileus ; spores elliptical or subovate, .0004 to .0005 in. 

long, .00025 to .0003 broad. 

Pileus 6 to 12 lines broad; stem 2.5 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1.5 lines 

thick. 

In marshes among Sphagnum. Fulton, Rensselaer and Seneca 

counties and Adirondack mountains. June to August. 

This is easily distinguished from Galera Hyjmorum, to which 

it has sometimes been subjoined as a variety, by its larger size, 

more expanded pileus, fibrillose stem and peculiar place of growth. 

There is a notable form with a well-developed veil which may be 

designated var. velata. Veil white, webby or almost membranous, 

breaking up on the upper part of the stem and forming 

floccose scales, often evanescent with age. In this variety the 

moist pileus is sometimes chestnut color or bay red, being darker 

than in the ordinary forms of the species. Very often the fibrils 

of the stem are grouped in flakes or patches in such a way as to 

give a wavy appearence to the stem itself. 

Galera Hypnorum Batsch. 

Hypnum Galera. 

(Hym. Europ., p. 270. Sylloge Vol. v, p. 868) 

Pileus membranaceous, conical or campanulate, obtuse or 

papillate, glabrous, hygrophanous, watery-cinnamon or suboch- 

raceous and striatulate when moist, paler when dry, often fading 

to yellowish or buff; lamellae broad, adnate, ventricose, distant, 

tawny or cinnamon color, often whitish flocculose on the edge 

stem slender, hoUow, flexuous, smooth, pruinose at the top, 

commonly colored like the pileus; spores elliptical, .0004 to 


Pileus 3 to 6 lines broad ; stem 1 to 2 in. long, less than a line 

thick. 

Among mosses in woods, either on the ground or on prostrate 

decaying trunks. Common in hilly or mountainous districts. 

June to September. 

This is a small species but it varies considerably in size and 

color. Var. nigrijpes has a blackish-brown stem. 

ERioDEKMiE. Pileus submembranaceous, the veil manifest, 

superficial, separating, at first silky or squamulose, especially on 

the margin. 

;

68 


Galera rufipes Fk. 

Reddish-stemmed Galera. 

(Forty-secoud State Mus. Rep. p. 20. Botanisl's Edition.) 

Pileus campanulate or convex, hygrophanous, reddish-tawny 

and striatulate when moist, whitened on the margin by the 

remains of the white tibrillose veil, pale-ochraceous when dry 

lamt'llse broad, subdistant, eraarginate. yellowish or subochraceous, 

slightl}^ crenulate on the whitish edge; stem slender, hollow, 

slightly fibrilldse below, pruinose at the top, reddish-brown 

spores elliptical, subochraceous, .0ft025 to .0003 in. long, .00016 to 

.(Mi(i2 broad. 

Pileus 4 to


the dried specimens. They extend half way to the disk or more. 

"When dry the pileus is seen to be sprinkled with shining atoms 

as in some other species of the same genus. Occasionally the 

yellow cuticle cracks into squamules or small scales. 

Galera coprinoid.es Pk. 

CoPEiNus-LiKE Galera. 

(Twenty-surth State Mus. Rep. p. 59. Agaricua plicatellus Twenty-ninth Rep. p. 66.) 

Pileus membranous, campanulate, soon expanded, often split 

on the margin, plicate-sulcate to the small even disk, yellowish or 

ochraceous-yellow ; lamellae narrow, close, rounded behind, 

colored like the pileus; stem slender, equal, hollow, minutely 

hairy or pruinose, white ; spores elliptical, .00028 to .0003 in. long, 

.0002 broad. 

Pileus about 6 lines broad ; stem about 1 in. long, half a line 

thick. 

Grassy ground. Cayuga county. August. 

This small plant was discovered in 1872, but I have not found 

it since. It is manifestly very rare. The structure of the pileus 

and its plications are strongly suggestive of the character of the 

pilei of some of the small species of 

the name. 

Coprinus, as is indicated by 

The name Agaricus plicatellus was substituted for Agaricus 

coprinoides when it was found that the latter name had been 

previously applied to another species, but since the former sub- 

genus Galera has been raised to generic rank it permits the 

restoration of the original specific name.

Annual Report of the State Botanist 1892 - MykoWeb

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