Mushroomers Online! Homepage - ZetaTalk

Mushroomers Online! Homepage 

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Welcome to 

"Mushroomers 

Online!" 

What is "Mushroomers 

Online!"? 

Mushroomers Online! is an annotated 

directory of mycophiles (mushroom 

enthusiasts) with access to the Internet. The 

listings are organized geographically. This 

resource is maintained as a public service by 

Dave Fischer, coauthor of Edible Wild 

Mushrooms of North America: A 

Field-to-Kitchen Guide and Mushrooms of 

Northeastern North America. 

This resource is intended to help individuals 

connect for the purpose of furthering their 

enjoyment of mushrooms and, hopefully, 

advance serious amateur study of fungi. It is 

not intended to serve as an index of 

mycological websites, whether educational, 

recreational, or commercial. 

The website administrator does not attempt 

to verify the information supplied by people 

who register for this directory, except that I 

do endeavor to qualify those who indicate 

themselves as "Qualified Experts" and to


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spot-check listings for validity. 

If you wish to be listed in the directory, 

register now. 

Browse the Mushroomers Online! 

Directory 

This site maintained by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail 

address is basidium@aol.com 

is part of 

Visitors to this page since 7 December 1997 

Last updated on 2 November 1998


(NOTE: MYKOWEB includes 

a directory of North American 

mushroom clubs) 

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Something really fun: 

Morchella ultima... A New 

Species of Morel! 

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Register for "Mushroomers Online!" 

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"Mushroomers Online!" 

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is part of 


Last updated on 31 October 2000





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Mushroomers Online! Directory Index 


Directory Index 

SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA 

ARGENTINA -- BRAZIL -- CHILE -- COLOMBIA -- 

ECUADOR -- PERU -- URUGUAY -- VENEZUELA 

CANADA 

Alberta -- British Columbia -- Manitoba -- Newfoundland 

-- Nova Scotia -- Ontario -- Quebec 

MEXICO 

WEST INDIES 

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JAMAICA -- PUERTO RICO -- TRINIDAD 

UNITED STATES 

Alabama -- Alaska -- Arizona -- Arkansas -- California -- 

Colorado -- Connecticut -- Delaware -- Florida -- Georgia 

-- Hawaii -- Idaho -- Illinois -- Indiana -- Iowa -- Kansas 

-- Kentucky -- Louisiana -- Maine -- Maryland -- 

Massachusetts -- Michigan -- Minnesota -- Missouri -- 

Montana -- Nebraska -- Nevada -- New Hampshire -- 

New Jersey -- New Mexico -- New York -- North 

Carolina -- North Dakota -- Ohio -- Oklahoma -- Oregon 

-- Pennsylvania -- Rhode Island -- South Carolina --


South Dakota -- Tennessee -- Texas -- Utah -- Vermont -- 

Virginia -- Washington -- West Virginia -- Wisconsin -- 

Wyoming 

EUROPE 

AUSTRIA -- BELGIUM -- BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA -- 

CZECH REPUBLIC -- CROATIA -- DENMARK -- 

FINLAND -- FRANCE -- GERMANY -- GREECE -- 

HOLLAND/THE NETHERLANDS -- HUNGARY -- 

ITALY -- MACEDONIA -- MOLDOVA -- NORWAY -- 

POLAND -- PORTUGAL -- ROMANIA -- RUSSIA -- 

SCOTLAND -- SLOVAK REPUBLIC -- SPAIN -- 

SWEDEN -- SWITZERLAND -- TURKEY -- UNITED 

KINGDOM -- YUGOSLAVIA 

MIDDLE EAST 

EGYPT -- ISRAEL -- KUWAIT 

AFRICA 

NIGERIA 

SOUTH AFRICA 

ZIMBABWE 


ASIA, JAPAN, PHILIPPINES 

CHINA -- INDIA -- JAPAN -- KOREA -- MALAYSIA 

-- PAKISTAN -- PHILIPPINES -- SINGAPORE -- 

TAIWAN -- THAILAND






AUSTRALIA || NEW ZEALAND || 

OCEANIA || INDONESIA 

AUSTRALIA -- INDONESIA -- NEW ZEALAND 



is part of 







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Dave Fischer's Marvelous Mushroom Website 

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Hello! I'm Dave Fischer, co-author of two mushroom 

books. 

EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS 

OF NORTH AMERICA 

by David W. Fischer and Alan E. 

Bessette 

(1992, Univ. of Texas Press) 

The Definitive Book on the 

Subject---35,000 copies in print! 

Read what experienced 

mushroomers are saying about 

Edible Wild Mushrooms of North 

America: 

"This is not simply another 

mushroom field guide... People 

hesitant in mycophagy [mushroom 

gathering and eating] will find confidence in their abilities by 

using this book... it should become the most popular field 

guide on the market---a fixture in everyone's basket." --Barry 

L. Wulff, Professor Emeritus of Biology, Eastern Connecticut 

State University 

"This is an especially helpful book for new members of our 

mushroom clubs... For our intermediate members, it is a tool 

to increase the number of edible species they know and to 

expand their knowledge on techniques for using edible



mushrooms... The photos are clear and the description of each 

species includes a discussion of edibility and cooking and 

storing suggestions... This book will enable you to enjoy a 

great variety of edible wild mushrooms." --Sandy Sheine, 

President, Connecticut-Westchester Mycological Association 

MUSHROOMS OF 

NORTHEASTERN NORTH 

AMERICA 

by Alan E. Bessette, Arleen R. 

Bessette, and David W. Fischer 

(1997, Syracuse Univ. Press) 

This encyclopedic new volume, 

including nearly 1500 species and 

650 color photographs, illustrates 

the diversity of mycoflora 

throughout Northeastern North 

America. Professional and 

advanced mycologists will 

welcome the inclusion of 

microscopic features, chemical reagent data, information on 

classification, and author citations. The user-friendly keys and 

nontechnical language will appeal to the novice mushroom 

collector, as will the introductory information on fungal 

anatomy, collecting techniques, and mushroom cooking and 

preservation. 

Whatever the reason for your interest in mushrooms---whether 

it be for scientific study, the search for edible species, or for 

the sheer appreciation of their beauty---this book will serve as 

a trustworthy and inspiring guide to mushrooms of 

northeastern North America. 

About Dave Fischer... 

I am a nationally known expert on the ecology and 

identification of wild mushrooms. I served for nine years as 

president of the Central New York Mycological Society 

(CNYMS) and am past president of the Northeast 

Mycological Federation, Inc. (NEMF). 

I serve as a mushroom identification consultant for the New 

York State Poison Control Center and for several mycological 

organizations. I have served on the faculty of the annual 

Northeast Mycological Foray (NEMF -- the Samuel Ristich 

Foray) and the annual North American Mycological






Association (NAMA) Foray, and have served as 

program/faculty chair for both. 

When I am not collecting, studying, eating, teaching or 

writing about mushrooms, I divide my time between spending 

time with my three wonderful children, and writing. 

I am available to teach mushroom identification courses 

and provide slide-illustrated lectures for museums, 

colleges, environmental organizations, and the general 

public. 

One of my favorite mushrooms is... 

...the Hygrophorus Milky (Lactarius hygrophoroides). 

Note the white liquid called 'latex' oozing from the gills---a 

hallmark of the genus Lactarius. This is a fairly common 

gilled mushroom, usually found under oak trees. It happens to 

be a delicious edible---IF it is properly identified! 

Photo Copyright ©1993, 1997 by David W. Fischer 


address is basidium@aol.com






is part of 


Most recent update: 28 February 1999

Edible Wild Mushrooms of North America 

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Edible Wild 

Mushrooms of North 

America: 

A Field-to-Kitchen Guide 

by David W. Fischer and Alan E. Bessette 

1992, University of Texas Press, Austin 

35,000 copies in print! 

ORDER YOUR AUTOGRAPHED COPY NOW! 

WITH AMATEUR MUSHROOM HUNTERS especially 

in mind, Alan Bessette and I have prepared Edible Wild 

Mushrooms of North America. This field guide presents 

more than 100 species* of the most delicious mushrooms, 

along with detailed information on how to find, gather, 

store, and prepare them for the table. More than 70 savory



recipes, ranging from soups to salads to casseroles, 

canapes, quiches, and even a dessert are included. 

* -- A large majority of the edible mushrooms included 

can be found throughout North America, excepting areas 

such as the desert regions of the Southwest, southern 

parts of Florida, and Hawaii; the book will certainly be 

more useful to those who have access to forested areas, 

though many of the species can be found on lawns and in 

other grassy areas. 

Each species is described in detailed, non-technical 

language, accompanied by a list of key identifying 

characteristics that reliably rule out all but the target 

species. Superb color photographs also aid in 

identification. Poisonous "look-alikes" are described and 

illustrated. 

With this wealth of information novice hunters will be 

able to identify edible mushrooms quickly and 

confidently, while experienced mycologists may discover 

new species for their hunting and eating enjoyment. 

183 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS -- 254 PP. 


Cornish Game Hens with Chanterelle Stuffing 

and Apricot Glaze 

Photograph by Alan E. Bessette. 


Look what experienced mushroomers are saying 

about 


"...all the library [you] need to harvest and enjoy wild 

mushrooms for the table." --"MUSHROOM, The






Journal of Wild Mushrooming" 

"This is not simply another mushroom field guide... 

People hesitant in mycophagy [mushroom gathering and 

eating] will find confidence in their abilities by using this 

book... it should become the most popular field guide on 

the market---a fixture in everyone's basket." 

--Professional mycologist Barry L. Wulff, Professor 

Emeritus of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State 

University 

"This is an especially helpful book for new members of 

our mushroom clubs... For our intermediate members, it 

is a tool to increase the number of edible species they 

know and to expand their knowledge on techniques for 

using edible mushrooms... The photos are clear and the 

description of each species includes a discussion of 

edibility and cooking and storing suggestions... This book 

will enable you to enjoy a great variety of edible wild 

mushrooms." --Sandy Sheine, President, 

Connecticut-Westchester Mycological Association 

"It is a gorgeous book. The photography, layout and 

printing are all excellent, and the information is 

authoritative. I highly recommend it to pot-hunters 

everywhere." --James Worrall, Mycologist, U.S. Forest 

Service 


Take a look inside the pages of 

Edible Wild Mushrooms of North 

America 

A Popular Edible: The Morel 

Copyright ©1992, 1996 by David W. Fischer and Alan E. 

Bessette. All rights reserved.






Credit-Card Orders 

Autographed copies of Edible Wild Mushrooms of North 

America: A Field-to-Kitchen Guide are available for 

$35.00* from IxNY GRAPHICS (NOTE: I'll pay for U.S. 

Postal Service Priority Mail shipping) thanks to PayPal, 

the internet leader in secure online payment brokerage. 

* - softcover; clothbound are no longer in print 

NOTE: Advise via email to ixnygraphics@aol.com if 

you would like the book inscribed by the author, e.g. "to 

Mary and John." Otherwise, the book will be simply 

autographed and dated by the author. 

IMPORTANT NOTE PERTINENT ONLY TO ORDERS 

TO SHIPPING ADDRESSES IN NEW YORK STATE: 

Do not order via the order form on this page! Please 

e-mail a request for a book to ixnygraphics@aol.com 

because we must calculate the local sales tax for the 

county or municipality where the shipping address is 

located. 

Mail Order Information 

Autographed copies of Edible Wild Mushrooms of 

North America: A Field-to-Kitchen Guide are available 

for $35.00 (softcover) directly from me. First, send me 

an e-mail letting me know that your order will be 

forthcoming; second, send a check for $35 per copy, 

payable to David W. Fischer (I'll pay for U.S. Postal 

Service Priority Mail shipping) to: 

DAVID W FISCHER 

9 NEWTON ST 

BINGHAMTON NY 13901-2020 

Advise via a note with the check if you would like the 

book autographed and/or inscribed (e.g. "to John"). 

Allow 2--4 weeks for delivery. 

The book is also available at better bookstores, or 

directly from the Univ. of Texas Press.


Photographs 

by Sharon A. 

Fisher, 

Timothy J. 

Baroni. 


About 

Myself... 

I am a 

nationally 

known expert on the ecology and identification of wild 

mushrooms. I served for nearly ten years as president 

of the Central New York Mycological Society 

(CNYMS) and am past president of the Northeast 

Mycological Federation, Inc. (NEMF). I serve as a 

mushroom identification consultant for the New York 

State Poison Control Center and for numerous 

colleges and other institutions and organizations, as 

well as for the general public. I have served as 

faculty/program chairperson for the annual Northeast 

Mycological Foray (the Samuel Ristich Foray) and the 

annual North American Mycological Association 

Foray. I especially enjoy serving as scientific advisor 

to the Susquehanna Valley Mycological Society 

(SVMS). 

When I am not collecting, studying, eating, teaching or 

writing about mushrooms or spending time with my 

three wonderful children and my partner Sharon, I 

keep busy doing electronic publishing, editing, graphic 

design, and webpage design for businesses and 

organizations. 

I am available to teach mushroom identification 

courses and provide slide-illustrated lectures for 

museums, colleges, environmental organizations, and 

the general public. I am especially interested in doing 

"Gourmet Mushroom Dinners" in cooperation with 

fine restaurants.



About My Co-author... 

Alan Bessette, Ph.D., is a professional 

mycologist and professor of biology 

at Utica College of Syracuse 

University. He is the author or 

coauthor of numerous works on 

mushrooms and other aspects of 

natural history, including: 

● Taming the Wild Mushroom 

● The Macmillan Field Guide Mushrooms 

● Mushrooms of the Adirondacks 

● 

● 

● 

● 

Mushrooms of Northeastern North America (due 

in 1997 from Syracuse Univ. Press) 

Mushrooms of North America in Color: A Field 

Guide Companion to Seldom-Illustrated Fungi 

Trees and Shrubs of the Adirondacks 

Birds of the Adirondacks 

Webpage copyright ©1997, 1998 by David W. Fischer. 

All rights reserved. This site maintained by David W. 

Fischer, whose e-mail address is basidium@aol.com 

is part of 

visitors to this page since 31 August 1997 

Most recent update: 19 October 2001

Mushrooms of Northeastern North America 

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Mushrooms of 

Northeastern 

North America 

1997, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse NY 

WEBSITE INDEX 

List of Treated Taxa 

Key to the Genera of Gilled Mushrooms 

Preface 

Acknowledgments 

ORDERING INFORMATION 

Sample Illustrations and Descriptions



Volvariella bombycina 

This encyclopedic new volume, including nearly 1500 

species and 650 color photographs, illustrates the 

diversity of mycoflora throughout northeastern North 

America. Professional and advanced mycologists will 

welcome the inclusion of microscopic features, chemical 

reagent data, information on classification, and author 

citations. The user-friendly keys and nontechnical 

language will appeal to the novice mushroom collector, as 

will the introductory information on fungal anatomy, 

collecting techniques, and mushroom cooking and 

preservation. 

It is our hope that whatever the reason for your interest in 

mushrooms---whether it be for scientific study, the search 

for edible species, or for the sheer appreciation of their 

beauty---this book will serve as a trustworthy and 

inspiring guide to mushrooms of northeastern North 

America. 

642 COLOR PHOTOGRAPHS -- 582 PP.






Pete Griffith collecting in the Adirondacks. 

Preface 

In 1868, botanist Charles Horton Peck began studying 

the fungi of northeastern North America. Before his 

pioneering efforts, few of this continent’s endemic 

mushrooms had been described and named. Over the next 

forty years, Peck described and named more than 3,000 

species of fungi---the lion’s share of this continent’s 

native mushrooms. For this reason, he has been called 

“the father of modern American mycology.” Some of 

these were specimens sent to Peck by other collectors, but 

the bulk were collected by Peck himself. When Peck 

retired after suffering a stroke in 1915, his work was 

nowhere near completion. Even today, the region’s 

diverse ecosystems yield mushroom that are as yet 

unnamed. 

Northeastern North America boasts a wealth of 

extraordinarily diverse habitats for collecting and 

studying mushrooms. The botanical, geological and 

climatic variations between one area of this region and 

another are, in many cases, remarkable. For example, 

some mushroom species that are common to the White 

Mountains of New Hampshire or the Adirondack 

Mountains of New York are rare or unknown in the Pine 

Barrens of New Jersey or the coastal pine-oak forests of






Massachusetts. Even between areas that are relatively 

close to each other, there can be surprising variation 

between their mycofloras. From bogs to sand plains, 

mountain tops to coastal lowlands, the Northeast is 

virtually unrivaled in its ecological diversity. 

Countless professional and amateur mycologists have 

continued Peck’s work. Although vast numbers of 

specimens have been deposited in various herbaria 

throughout the region, no single work devoted solely to 

the diversity of its fungi has yet been published. This 

book introduces this mycoflora. Beautiful color 

photographs, combined with non-technical descriptions 

and easy-to-follow keys, are provided to assist both 

experienced and beginning mushroom hunters with 

accurate identification of species. 

It is our hope that whatever the reason for one’s interest 

in mushrooms---whether it be for scientific study, the 

search for edible species, or sheer appreciation of their 

beauty---this book will serve as a trustworthy and 

inspiring guide to mushrooms of northeastern North 

America. 


Many people have assisted us with this work. We are 

grateful for their myriad contributions. We thank the 

following persons for mycological notes, technical 

information, and assistance with species identification: 

Timothy J. Baroni, Harold H. Burdsall, Jr., 

Edward Bosman, Ernst E. Both, William R. Burk, 

Raymond M. Fatto, Robert Gilbertson, John H. Haines, 

Richard L. Homola, Bruce Horn, Richard P. Korf, 

Currie D. Marr, Orson K. Miller, Jr., Gregory Mueller, 

Clark Ovrebo, Ronald Petersen, Donald Pfister, 

Scott Redhead, Samuel S. Ristich, Clark Rogerson, 

William C. Roody, Walter E. Sturgeon, 

Rodham E. Tulloss, Eugene Varney, and 

James J. Worrall. Thanks also to Sheldon Cushing, 

Raymond M. Fatto, Emily Johnson, Peter Katsaros, 

Richard Kay, Samuel S. Ristich, William C. Roody, and 

Walter E. Sturgeon for contributing slides which greatly 

enhanced this book. We thank the following individuals 

who made valuable mycological contributions of


specimens for photography and study: 

William K. Chapman, David Harris, Nancy Hinman, 

Alma and Robert Ingalls, Peter Molesky, Sally Reymers, 

Jessica Scialdo, and Helen and Ralph Wagner. We are 

grateful to Sam Norris for the beautiful mushroom 

illustration included in the Introduction. We thank the 

members of the mushroom clubs who have invited us to 

share their fungi and their knowledge of them. We greatly 

appreciate the efforts and contributions of Ernst E. Both 

who reviewed the bolete section of the manuscript, 

Bettie McDavid Mason who copyedited the manuscript, 

and Christopher Kuntze who designed the book, all of 

whom made valuable comments and suggestions for its 

improvement. We are especially grateful to 

Robert Mandel and his staff at Syracuse University Press 

who made this book possible. 

Price 


● 

● 

Ordering Information 


may be ordered from the publisher. 

Cloth ISBN 0-8156-2707-7: $95 U.S. 

Paper ISBN 0-8156-0388-6: $45 U.S. 

Both editions are 7" x 10", 582 pp., 642 color photos 

Shipping Charges 

U.S.A.: $4.00 for the first book, $2.00 for each additional 

book in the U.S. 

Overseas: $5.00 for the first book, $3.00 for each 

additional book 

New York State residents must add sales tax to the 

TOTAL of the book price and shipping charge. 

Payment Methods 

Payment must be made in advance via MasterCard*, 

Visa*, or check (made out to Syracuse Univ. Press). 

Include:



–Your name 

–Your shipping address 

–Your daytime phone number 

–Your e-mail address 

* – If ordering by credit card, also include: 

–Credit card account # 

–Expiration date 

–Name exactly as it appears on the card 

Order by Mail 

SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY PRESS 

1600 JAMESVILLE AVE. 

SYRACUSE NY 13244-5160 

Telephone Orders: 

800-365-8929 (voice mail, orders only) 

315-443-2597 (9 a.m. – 5 p.m. Eastern Time) 

E-mail orders 

You may e-mail your order to arashap@summon.syr.edu. 

HOWEVER, be aware of the security risks involved with 

sending credit card information via e-mail. 


WEBSITE INDEX 



Preface 






Copyright © 1997 by Alan E. Bessette, Arleen R. 

Bessette, and David W. Fischer. All Rights Reserved. 

Special thanks to Christopher Kuntze and Vincent 

Sicignano for their help in launching this website. 



is part of 

Visitors to this page since 18 August 1997 

Most recent update: 28 January 1998


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Mushrooms of 

Northeastern 

North America 

Taxa treated, based on the book’s 

Index to Scientific Names 

Taxa listed in boldface text are described and illustrated; 

the other taxa listed are keyed out. 

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y 

Z 

abietinum, Trichaptum 

abortivum, Entoloma 

abrupta, Amanita 

abruptibulbus, Agaricus 

abundans, Clitocybula 

acadiensis, Psilocybe 

acericola, Agrocybe 

acerinum, Rhytisma 

acervata, Collybia 

Acervus 

acetabulum, Helvella 

acicula, Mycena 

acidus var. intermedius, Suillus 

acre, Tricholoma 

acutesquamosa, Lepiota 

acutoconicus, Hygrophorus 

adhaerens, Lentinus 

adhaerens, Panus. See Lentinus adhaerens 

adiposa, Pholiota. See Pholiota aurivella 

admirabilis, Pluteus 

admirabilis, Polyporus 

adnata, Pachyella 

adusta, Bjerkandera 

adustum, Mycorrhaphium. See Steccherinum adustum 

adustum, Steccherinum 

aeruginascens, Chlorociboria 

aeruginascens, Chlorosplenium. See Chlorociboria 

aeruginascens 

aeruginascens, Fuscoboletinus. See Fuscoboletinus



viscidus 

aeruginosa, Chlorociboria 

aeruginosa, Stropharia 

aestuans, Tricholoma 

affine, Geoglossum 

affine, Xanthoconium. See Boletus affinis var. maculosus 

affinis, Boletus 

affinis var. affinis, Boletus 

affinis var. affinis, Lactarius 

affinis var. maculosus, Boletus 

affinis var. viridilactis, Lactarius 

Agaricus 

agathosmus, Hygrophorus 

agglutinatus, Lactarius 

Agrocybe 

alba, Exidia. See Ductifera pululahuana 

Albatrellus 

albatum, Tricholoma 

albella, Helvella 

albellum, Leccinum 

albiceps, Polyporus 

albidum, Hydnum 

albissimus, Leucopaxillus 

albisulphureus, Boletus 

alboater, Tylopilus 

albocreata, Amanita 

albocrenulata, Pholiota 

alboflavida, Melanoleuca 

alboluteus, Pycnoporellus 

albonitens, Stropharia 

alboviolaceus, Cortinarius 

alcalina, Mycena 

Aleuria 

Aleurodiscus 

alkalivirens, Collybia 

allardii, Lactarius 

alnicola, Pholiota 

alutaceum, Podostroma 

alveolaris, Favolus. See Polyporus mori 

alveolaris, Polyporus. See Polyporus mori 

alveolatum, Geoglossum 

amabilissima, Mycena 

Amanita 

ambigua, Gyromitra 

americana, Clitocybe 

americana, Lepiota






americana, Wynnea 

americanum, Hericium 

americanus, Suillus 

amethystina, Clavaria 

amethystina, Laccaria 

amianthinum, Cystoderma 

amianthinum var. rugosoreticulatum, Cystoderma 

amorphus, Aleurodiscus 

androrosaceus, Marasmius 

Anellaria. See Panaeolus solidipes 

angulatus, Coprinus 

angustatus, Hohenbuehelia 

angusticeps, Morchella 

angustifolius, Hygrophorus 

annosum, Heterobasidion 

anthocephala, Thelephora 

Apiosporina 

appalachianensis, Hygrophorus 

appalachiensis, Cantharellus 

applanatum, Ganoderma 

applanatus var. applanatus, Crepidotus 

applicatus, Resupinatus 

aquifluus, Lactarius 

Arachnopeziza 

araiospora var. araiospora, Ramaria 

arcularius, Polyporus 

arenicola, Leccinum 

areolatum, Scleroderma 

argenteum, Tricholoma 

argillacea, Clavaria 

argillaceifolius, Lactarius 

ari-triphylli, Uromyces 

Armillaria 

armillatus, Cortinarius 

arvensis, Agaricus 

arvernensis, Peziza. See Peziza sylvestris 

Ascobolus 

Ascocoryne 

Ascotremella 

aspideoides, Lactarius 

aspideus, Lactarius 

asprata, Cyptotrama 

Asterophora 

Astraeus 

atkinsoniana, Mycena 

atramentarius, Coprinus






atricapillus, Pluteus. See Pluteus cervinus 

atrobrunnea, Psilocybe 

atrocaerulea, Hohenbuehelia 

atrodiscum, Tricholoma 

atromarginatus, Pluteus 

atrostipitatum, Leccinum 

atrotomentosus, Paxillus 

atrovirens, Leotia 

atroviride, Hydnum. See Sarcodon atroviridis 

atroviridis, Lactarius 

atroviridis, Sarcodon 

aurantia, Aleuria 

aurantiaca, Hygrophoropsis 

aurantiacum, Hydnellum 

aurantiacum, Leccinum 

aurantiacus, Acervus. See Acervus epispartius 

aurantiacus, Hormomyces 

aurantio-cinnabarina, Clavulinopsis 

Aurantioporus. See Hapalopilus croceus 

aurantiorugosus, Pluteus 

aurantium, Scleroderma. See Scleroderma citrinum 

aurantium, Tricholoma 

auratocephalus, Hygrophorus 

aurelia, Arachnopeziza 

aureus, Pseudomerulius 

auricula, Auricularia 

Auricularia 

auriflammeus, Boletus 

auripes, Boletus 

auriporus, Boletus 

Auriscalpium 

aurivella, Pholiota 

austriaca, Sarcoscypha 

Austroboletus 

autumnalis var. autumnalis, Galerina 

azaleae, Exobasidium 

babingtonii, Pachyella 

badia, Peziza 

badiceps, Tylopilus 

badio-confusa, Peziza. See Peziza phyllogena 

badio-ferruginea, Hymenochaete 

badius, Boletus 

badius, Polyporus 

baeocystis, Psilocybe 

Baeospora



baileyi, Psathyrella 

bakerensis, Hygrophorus 

ballouii, Tylopilus 

Bankera 

benzoinum, Ischnoderma 

berkeleyi, Bondarzewia 

betula, Austroboletus 

betula, Boletellus. See Austroboletus betula 

betulina, Lenzites 

betulinus, Piptoporus 

bicolor, Laccaria 

bicolor, Laxitextum 

bicolor var. bicolor, Boletus 

bicolor var. borealis, Boletus 

biforme, Trichaptum 

biformis, Collybia 

biformis, Trichaptum. See Trichaptum biforme 

birnbaumii, Leucocoprinus 

Bisporella 

bisporigera, Amanita 

bitorquis, Agaricus 

Bjerkandera 

bohemica, Ptychoverpa 

bohemica, Verpa. See Ptychoverpa bohemica 

bolaris, Cortinarius 

Bolbitius 

Boletellus 

Boletinellus. See Gyrodon meruloides 

boletinoides, Phylloporus 

Boletopsis 

Boletus 

bombycina, Volvariella 

Bondarzewia 

borealis, Hygrophorus 

borealis, Lysurus. See Lysurus gardneri 

borealis, Mitrula 

botrytis, Ramaria 

boudieri, Coprinus. See Coprinus angulatus 

Bovista 

bovista, Scleroderma 

brassicae, Coprinus 

brevipes, Russula 

brevipes var. acrior, Russula 

brevipes, Suillus 

brumale, Tulostoma 

brumalis, Polyporus



brunnea, Gyromitra. See Gyromitra fastigiata 

brunneola, Collybia 

brunneola, Xeromphalina 

brunnescens var. brunnescens, Amanita 

brunnescens var. pallida, Amanita 

bulbosa, Armillaria. See Armillaria lutea 

Bulgaria. See also Galiella rufa 

butyracea, Collybia 

byssiseda, Lentaria 

Byssonectria 

caeruleofuscus, Craterellus 

caeruleoporus, Albatrellus 

caeruleum, Corticum. See Pulcherricium caeruleum 

caeruleum, Hydnellum 

caeruleum, Pulcherricium 

caerulipes, Psilocybe 

caesarea, Amanita 

caesiocyaneus, Cortinarius. See Cortinarius camphoratus 

caesius, Oligoporus 

caesius, Tyromyces. See Oligoporus caesius 

caespitosus, Boletus. See Boletus innixus 

caespitosus, Hygrophorus 

cajanderi, Fomitopsis 

calciphilus, Hygrophorus 

caliciiformis, Crinula 

caligatum complex, Tricholoma 

Callistosporium 

Calocera 

Calocybe 

Caloporus. See Gloeoporus dichrous 

calopus, Boletus 

Caloscypha 

Calostoma 

Calvatia. See also Langermannia gigantea 

calvescens, Armillaria 

calyculus, Hymenocyphus 

calyptraeformis, Hygrophorus 

Camarophyllus. See Hygrophorus 

camarophyllus, Hygrophorus 

Camarops 

campanella, Xeromphalina 

campanulatus, Panaeolus 

campestre, Tulostoma 

campestris, Agaricus 

campestris, Boletus



camphoratus, Cortinarius 

camphoratus, Lactarius 

candicans, Clitocybe 

candida, Clitocybe 

candida, Dendrothele 

candidissimus, Cheimonophyllum 

candidissimus, Pleurotus. See Cheimonophyllum 

candidissimus 

candidum, Tremellodendron 

candolleana, Psathyrella 

canescens, Hygrophorus 

caninus, Mutinus 

caninus var. albus, Mutinus 

Cantharellula 

Cantharellus 

cantharellus, Hygrophorus 

caperata, Rozites 

capillaris, Marasmius 

capitata, Cordyceps 

capnoides, Hypholoma 

capreolarius, Hygrophorus 

carbonaria, Geopyxis 

carbonarius, Ascobolus 

carbonicola, Psathyrella 

carnea, Calocybe. See Calocybe persicolor 

carnosa, Bankera. See Bankera violascens 

carnosa, Phanerochaete 

caroliniana, Gyromitra 

castanellus, Suillus 

castaneus, Gyroporus 

Catathelasma 

cavipes, Suillus 

ceciliae, Amanita 

centuncula, Naucoria. See Simocybe centunculus 

centuncula, Ramicola. See Simocybe centunculus 

centunculus, Simocybe 

cepa, Scleroderma 

cepaestipes, Lepiota 

Cerrena 

cervina, Trametes 

cervinus, Pluteus 

Chalciporus 

charteri, Melastiza 

Cheilymenia 

Cheimonophyllum 

chelidonium var. chelidonioides, Lactarius



chelidonium var. chelidonium, Lactarius 

chioneus, Tyromyces 

chippewaensis, Boletus 

chlora, Chlorosplenium 

Chlorencoelia, See Chlorosplenium versiforme 

chlorinigenus, Hypomyces 

Chlorociboria. See also Chlorosplenium versiforme 

chlorophanus, Hygrophorus 

Chlorophyllum 

Chlorosplenium. See also Chlorociboria aeruginascens 

Chondrostereum 

chordalis, Marasmius 

Christiansenia. See Syzygospora mycetophila 

christinae, Phaeocollybia 

chromapes, Leccinum. See Tylopilus chromapes 

chromapes, Tylopilus 

Chromosera 

Chroogomphus 

chrysaspis, Hygrophorus 

chrysenteroides, Boletellus 

chrysenteron, Boletus 

chrysodon, Hygrophorus 

chrysoloma, Phellinus 

Chrysomphalina 

chrysopeplum, Cyptotrama. See Cyptotrama asprata 

chrysophaeus, Pluteus 

chrysophylla, Chrysomphalina 

chrysophylla, Gerronema. See Chrysomphalina 

chrysophylla 

chrysorheus, Lactarius 

chrysorhiza, Phanerochaete 

chrysospermus, Hypomyces 

chrysostomus, Hypomyces 

cibarius, Cantharellus 

cinerascens, Lopharia 

cinerea, Clavulina 

cinereus, Coprinus 

cinereus, Craterellus 

cinereus var. cinereus, Lactarius 

cinereus var. fagetorum, Lactarius 

cingulatum, Tricholoma 

cinnabarina, Calostoma 

cinnabarina, Nectria 

cinnabarinum, Cystoderma 

cinnabarinus, Cantharellus 

cinnabarinus, Cortinarius



cinnabarinus, Crepidotus 

cinnabarinus, Pycnoporus 

cinnamomea, Coltricia 

circinans, Cudonia 

cirrhata, Collybia 

citrina, Bisporella 

citrina f. citrina, Amanita 

citrina f. lavendula, Amanita 

citrina, Hypocrea 

citrinum, Scleroderma 

claricolor, Cortinarius 

claroflava, Russula 

Claudopus 

Clavaria. See also Multiclavula mucida and 

Multiclavula phycophylla 

Clavariadelphus 

clavariae, Spadicioides 

clavatus, Gomphus 

Claviceps 

Clavicorona 

clavipes, Clitocybe 

Clavulina 

Clavulinopsis 

clavus, Cudoniella 

Climacodon 

clintonianus, Suillus 

Clitocybe 

Clitocybula 

Clitopilus 

clypeata, Pachyella 

clypeolaria, Lepiota 

clypeolarioides, Lepiota 

coccinea, Sarcoscypha 

coccineocrenatus, Hygrophorus 

coccineus, Hygrophorus 

cochleatus, Lentinellus 

cohaerens, Hypoxylon 

cohaerens var. cohaerens, Marasmius 

cokeri, Amanita 

coliforme, Myriostoma 

collinitis, Cortinarius. See Cortinarius trivialis 

Collybia 

colorascens, Lactarius 

coloratum, Lycoperdon 

Coltricia 

columnaris, Underwoodia



Colus. See Pseudocolus fusiformis 

comatus, Coprinus 

commune, Schizophyllum 

communis, Boletus 

compacta, Russula 

complicatum, Stereum 

concentrica, Daldinia 

conchatus, Panus. See Lentinus torulosus 

conchifer, Poronidulus. See Trametes conchifer 

conchifer, Trametes 

concolor, Ramaria 

concrescens, Tremella 

confluens, Albatrellus 

confluens, Collybia 

confluens, Phellodon 

confragosa, Daedaleopsis 

confragosa, Daedalia. See Daedaleopsis confragosa 

confragosa, Tubaria 

confusus, Strobilomyces 

conica, Morchella 

conica, Nolanea 

conica, Verpa 

conicus, Hygrophorus 

conicus var. atrosanguineus, Hygrophorus 

coniferophila, Clitocybe 

conigenoides, Strobilurus 

conissans, Psathyrella 

connatus, Fomes. See Oxyporus populinus 

Conocybe 

controversus, Lactarius 

cookei, Collybia 

Coprinus 

coprophila, Psilocybe 

coprophilus, Bolbitius 

coralloides, Hericium 

Cordyceps 

Coriolopsis 

cornea, Calocera 

cornucopioides, Craterellus 

cornui, Xeromphalina 

coronatum, Geastrum. See Geastrum quadrifidum 

coronilla, Stropharia 

corrugatus, Cortinarius 

corrugatus, Paxillus 

corrugis, Lactarius 

corticola, Mycena



Corticum. See Pulcherricium caeruleum 

Cortinarius 

cortinarius, Lepiota 

Cotylidia 

craniformis, Calvatia 

crassipes, Morchella 

Craterellus 

craterellus, Polyporus 

craterium, Urnula 

crenulata, Amanita 

Creopus 

Crepidotus 

Crinipellis 

Crinula 

crispa, Conocybe 

crispa, Helvella 

crispa, Plicaturopsis 

crispa, Sparassis 

crispa, Trogia. See Plicaturopsis crispa 

cristata, Clavulina 

cristata, Lepiota 

cristatus, Albatrellus 

crocea, Amanita 

croceofolius, Cortinarius 

croceus, Aurantioporus. See Hapalopilus croceus 

croceus, Hapalopilus 

croceus, Lactarius 

crocipodium, Leccinum. See Leccinum nigrescens 

Crucibulum 

cruentum, Hydnellum 

crustuliniforme, Hebeloma 

Cryptoporus 

Cudonia 

Cudoniella 

cupularis, Tarzetta 

curtisii, Boletus 

curtisii, Meiorganum. See Paxillus corrugatus 

cuspidatum, Entoloma. See Nolanea murraii 

cuspidatus, Hygrophorus 

cyaneotinctus, Porphyrellus. See Tylopilus sordidus 

cyaneotinctus, Tylopilus. See Tylopilus sordidus 

cyanescens, Gyroporus 

cyanescens var. violaceotinctus, Gyroporus 

cyanophylla, Chromosera 

cyathiformis, Calvatia 

cyathiformis, Clitocybe. See Pseudoclitocybe


cyathiformis 

cyathiformis, Pseudoclitocybe 

Cyathus 

Cyclomyces. See Coltricia montagnei 

cylichnium, Ascocoryne 

Cyptotrama 

cystidiosus, Pleurotus 

Cystoderma 

Cystostereum 


Dacrymyces 

Dacryopinax 

Daedaleopsis 

Daedalia 

Daldinia 

Dasyscyphus 

daucipes, Amanita 

davisiae, Tricholoma 

dealbata, Clitocybe 

dealbata, Clitocybe ssp. sudorifica 

decastes, Lyophyllum 

deceptivus, Lactarius 

decipiens, Suillus 

decora, Tricholomopsis 

decorosa, Leucopholiota 

delectans, Marasmius 

delicatella, Mycena 

deliciosa, Morchella 

deliciosus, Lactarius 

delineata, Psathyrella 

Dendropolyporus 

Dendrothele 

densifolia, Russula 

Dentinum. See Hydnum 

destruens, Pholiota 

deterrimus, Lactarius 

deusta, Ustulina 

diaphana, Cotilydia 

Diatrype 

dichrous, Caloporus. See Gloeoporus dichrous 

dichrous, Collybia 

dichrous, Gloeoporus 

Dictyophora 

difforme, Geoglossum 

dilectus, Coprinus 

Discina


Disciotis 

discolor, Boletus 

dispersus, Lactarius 

disseminatus, Coprinus 

dissimulans, Russula 

distans, Cortinarius 

domesticus, Coprinus 

domiciliana, Peziza 

dryinus, Pleurotus 

dryophila, Collybia 

dryophila var. funicularis, Collybia 

dryophila var. luteifolia, Collybia 

dryophilus, Strobilomyces 

Ductifera 

dudleyi, Sarcoscypha 

duplicata, Dictyophora 

dura, Agrocybe 

dysodes, Collybia 


earleae, Collybia 

eburneus, Hygrophorus 

echinatum, Lycoperdon 

echinatum, Melanophyllum 

echiniceps, Psathyrella 

ectypoides, Clitocybe. See Omphalina ectypoides 

ectypoides, Omphalina 

edodes, Lentinus 

edulis, Boletus 

edulis var. aurantio-ruber, Boletus 

egregia, Collybia 

Elaphomyces 

elastica, Helvella 

elata, Calvatia 

elata, Morchella 

elegans, Mitrula 

elegans, Mutinus 

elegans, Polyporus 

elegans, Trametes 

elongatipes, Hypsizygus. See Hypsizygus tessulatus 

elongatum, Hypholoma 

elongatum, Naematoloma. See Hypholoma elongatum 

encephala, Tremella 

Encoelia 

Entoloma 

ephemerus, Coprinus 

epichysium, Omphalina



epimyces, Psathyrella 

epipterygia var. epipterygia, Mycena 

epipterygia var. epipterygioides, Mycena 

epipterygia var. lignicola, Mycena 

epipterygia var. viscosa, Mycena 

epispartius, Acervus 

erebia, Agrocybe 

ericetorum, Omphalina. See Phytoconis ericetorum 

ericetorum, Phytoconis 

erinaceella, Pholiota. See Phaeomarasmius erinaceellus 

erinaceellus, Phaeomarasmius 

erinaceus, Hericium 

erinaceus, Scutellinia 

erubescens, Hygrophorus 

erythropus, Boletus. See Boletus luridiformis 

esculenta, Gyromitra 

esculenta, Morchella 

everhartii, Phellinus 

evernius, Cortinarius 

excelsa, Amanita 

Exidia 

eximius, Tylopilus 

Exobasidium 

fagicola, Polyporus. See Polyporus craterellus 

faginea, Ascotremella 

faginea, Phleogena 

fallax, Craterellus 

fallax, Cystoderma 

fallax, Geoglossum 

fallax, Phaeocollybia 

familia, Clitocybula 

farinosa, Amanita 

farlowii, Aleurodiscus 

farlowii, Trichoglossum 

fasciculare, Hypholoma 

fasciculare, Naematoloma. See Hypholoma fasciculare 

fastigiata, Gyromitra 

fastigiata, Inocybe. See Inocybe rimosa 

fastigiata var. microsperma, Inocybe 

Favolus. See Polyporus mori 

felleus, Tylopilus 

ferrugineus, Tylopilus 

ferruginosus, Phellinus 

fibula, Rickenella 

filaris, Conocybe



fimbriatum, Geastrum. See Geastrum sessile 

fimicola, Cheilymenia 

firma, Agrocybe 

firmus, Boletus 

fissilis, Tyromyces 

Fistulina 

flabelliformis, Lentinellus 

flammans, Boletus 

flammans, Pholiota 

Flammulina 

flavescens, Hygrophorus 

flavida, Spathularia 

flavidum, Scleroderma. See Scleroderma cepa 

flavipes, Chroogomphus 

flavobrunneum, Tricholoma 

flavoconia, Amanita 

flavodiscus, Hygrophorus 

flavofuligineus, Pluteus 

flavorubescens, Amanita 

flavovirens, Tricholoma 

floccopus, Strobilomyces 

floccosa, Microstoma 

floccosus, Gomphus 

foenisecii, Panaeolus 

foetidum, Micromphale 

foetidus, Craterellus 

foliacea, Tremella 

fomentarius, Fomes 

Fomes. See also Oxyporus populinus 

Fomitopsis 

formosa, Ramaria 

formosa, Tricholomopsis 

fornicatum, Geastrum 

fornicatus, Hygrophorus 

fragiforme, Hypoxylon 

fragilis, Oligoporus 

fragilissimus, Leucocoprinus 

fragrantissima, Russula 

fraternus, Boletus 

frondosa, Grifola 

frostiana, Amanita 

frostii, Boletus 

frustulatus, Xylobolus 

fulgens, Caloscypha 

fulgens, Pycnoporellus 

fuliginaria, Mycena



fuligineo-alba, Bankera 

fuligineo-violaceum, Hydnum. See Sarcodon 

fuligineo-violaceus 

fuligineo-violaceus, Sarcodon 

fuligineus, Hygrophorus 

Fuligo 

fulva, Amanita 

fulvimarginatum, Tricholoma 

fulvoferrugineus, Marasmius 

fulvotomentosus, Crepidotus. See Crepidotus mollis 

fumosipes, Porphyrellus. See Tylopilus sordidus 

fumosipes, Tylopilus. See Tylopilus sordidus 

fumosoluteum, Tricholoma 

fumosum, Microglossum 

fumosus, Lactarius 

furfuracea, Encoelia 

furfuracea, Tubaria 

furfuracea, Xerula 

fuscoalbus, Hygrophorus 

Fuscoboletinus 

fuscodisca, Inocybe 

fuscofibrillosus, Agaricus 

fuscum, Hypoxylon 

fusiformis, Clavulinopsis 

fusiformis, Pseudocolus 

fusiger, Spinellus 

fusispora, Inermisia. See Byssonectria terrestris 

galericulata, Mycena 

Galerina 

Galiella 

gallica, Coriolopsis 

Ganoderma 

gardneri, Lysurus 

Gastroboletus 

gausapatum, Stereum 

geaster, Scleroderma. See Scleroderma polyrhizon 

Geastrum 

gelatinosa, Hypocrea. See Creopus gelatinosus 

gelatinosum, Pseudohydnum 

gelatinosus, Creopus 

gemina, Armillaria 

gemmata, Amanita 

gemmatum, Lycoperdon. See Lycoperdon perlatum 

geogenia, Hohenbuehelia 

geogineum, Hydnellum



Geoglossum 

Geopyxis 

gerardii var. gerardii, Lactarius 

gerardii var. subrubescens, Lactarius 

Gerronema. See also Chrysomphalina chrysophylla 

gibba, Clitocybe 

gigantea, Calvatia. See Langermania gigantea 

gigantea, Clitocybe 

gigantea, Langermannia 

gigantea, Peniophora 

giganteus, Meripilus. See Meripilus sumstinei 

gilvus, Phellinus 

glabellus, Marasmius 

glabripes, Laccaria 

glabrum, Geoglossum 

glandulosa, Exidia 

glandulosus, Fuscoboletinus 

gliocyclus, Hygrophorus 

glioderma, Limacella 

glischra, Limacella 

Globifomes 

globosa, Sarcosoma 

Gloeophyllum 

Gloeoporus 

glutinosum, Geoglossum 

glutinosus, Gomphidius 

glyciosmus, Lactarius 

Gomphidius 

Gomphus 

gracilienta, Lepiota. See Macrolepiota gracilienta 

gracilenta, Macrolepiota 

gracilis, Austroboletus 

gracilis, Porphyrellus. See Austroboletus gracilis 

gracilis, Psathyrella 

gracilis, Tylopilus. See Austroboletus gracilis 

graminum, Marasmius 

granosum, Cystoderma 

granularis, Pluteus 

granulatus, Elaphomyces 

granulatus, Suillus 

granulosa, Pholiota 

granulosum, Cystoderma 

graveolens, Globifomes 

graveolens, Polyporus. See Globifomes graveolens 

greenei, Cyclomyces. See Coltricia montagnei 

grevillei, Suillus


grevillei var. clintonianus, Suillus 

Grifola 

grisellus, Fuscoboletinus 

griseoalba, Helvella 

griseocarneus, Tylopilus 

griseoviridis, Mycena 

griseozonata, Thelephora 

griseum, Leccinum 

griseus, Boletus 

griseus, Lactarius 

Gymnopilus 

Gymnosporangium 

Gyrodon 

Gyromitra 

Gyroporus 


hadriani, Phallus 

haematopus, Mycena 

haemorrhoidarius, Agaricus 

Hapalopilus 

hardii, Stropharia 

Hebeloma 

Helotium 

Helvella. See also Gyromitra fastigiata 

helvelloides, Phlogiotis 

helvelloides, Tremiscus. See Phlogiotis helvelloides 

helveola, Clavulinopsis 

helveola, Lepiota 

helvus, Lactarius 

helvus var. aquifluus, Lactarius. See Lactarius 

aquifluus 

hemibapha, Amanita 

hemichrysus, Boletus 

hemispherica, Humaria 

hemitrichus, Cortinarius 

hepatica, Fistulina 

hepaticus, Lactarius 

herbstii, Sparassis 

Hericium 

Heterobasidion 

hibbardae var. glaucescens, Lactarius 

hibbardae var. hibbardae, Lactarius 

highlandensis, Pholiota 

hirsuta, Trametes 

hirsutum, Stereum 

hirsutum, Trichoglossum



hirtellus, Suillus 

hispida, Trametes. See Coriolopsis gallica 

Hohenbuehelia 

holopus, Leccinum 

Holwaya 

Hormomyces 

hornemannii, Stropharia 

hortonii, Boletus 

Humaria 

humosa, Octospora 

huronensis, Boletus 

hyalinus, Hypomyces 

Hydnellum 

Hydnochaete 

Hydnum 

hydrogramma, Clitocybe. See Clitocybe phaeophthalma 

hydrophila, Psathyrella 

Hygrocybe. See Hygrophorus 

hygrometricus, Astraeus 

hygrophoroides var. hygrophoroides, Lactarius 

Hygrophoropsis 

Hygrophorus 

Hygrotrama. See Hygrophorus 

Hymenochaete 

Hymenoscyphus 

Hypholoma 

Hypocrea. See also Creopus gelatinosus 

Hypomyces 

hypopithys, Volvariella 

hypothejus, Hygrophorus 

hypothejus var. aureus, Hygrophorus 

Hypoxylon 

hypoxylon, Xylaria 

Hypsizygus 

hysginus var. americanus, Lactarius 

hysginus var. hysginus, Lactarius 

igniarius, Phellinus 

ignicolor, Cantharellus 

illinita, Limacella 

illudens, Boletus 

imbricatum, Hydnum. See Sarcodon imbricatus 

imbricatum, Tricholoma 

imbricatus, Sarcodon 

imperceptus, Lactarius 

impudicus, Phallus


inamoenum, Tricholoma 

incana, Leptonia 

incarnata, Phlebia 

incarnatus, Merulius. See Phlebia incarnata 

inclinata, Mycena 

incrustans, Sebacina 

indecisus, Tylopilus 

indigo, Lactarius 

inedulis, Boletus 

Inermisia. See Byssonectria terrestris 

inflata, Physalacria 

infula, Gyromitra 

infundibuliformis, Cantharellus 

innixus, Boletus 

Inocybe 

Inonotus 

inquinans, Bulgaria 

insigne f. ochraceum, Leccinum 

insigne, Leccinum 

insigne, Tricholoma 

insignis, Coprinus 

insolens var. brunneo-maculatum, Leccinum 

insolens var. insolens, Leccinum 

intermedium, Geoglossum 

intermedium, Tricholoma 

intermedius, Boletellus 

intermedius, Suillus 

intermedius, Tylopilus 

intybacea, Thelephora 

involutus, Paxillus 

iocephala, Collybia 

iodes, Cortinarius 

iodiodes, Cortinarius 

irina, Clitocybe 

Irpex 

irregularis, Neolecta 

irregularis, Spragueola. See Neolecta irregularis 

Ischnoderma 

jacksonii, Amanita 

Jafnea 

jamaicensis, Chroogomphus 

jennyae, Phaeocollybia 

joeides, Sarcodon 

josserandii, Lepiota 

juncea, Macrotyphula 

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juniperi-virginiana, Gymnosporangium 

kauffmanii, Collybia 

kauffmanii, Gomphus 

kauffmanii, Xeromphalina 

korfii, Gyromitra 

Kuehneromyces. See Pholiota vernalis 

kunzei, Ramariopsis 

Laccaria 

laccata, Laccaria 

lacera, Inocybe 

lacerata, Clitocybula 

Lachnellula 

lacrimans, Serpula 

Lacrymaria. See Psathyrella velutina 

Lactarius 

lactea, Conocybe 

lacteus, Irpex 

lactifluorum, Hypomyces 

lactifluus, Suillus 

lacunosa, Helvella 

laeticolor, Clavulinopsis 

Laetiporus 

laetus, Hygrophorus 

laeve, Crucibulum 

lagopides, Coprinus 

lagopus, Coprinus 

lanatodisca var. phaeoderma, Inocybe 

Langermannia 

laniger, Coprinus 

laterarius, Leucopaxillus 

lateritia, Laccaria 

lateritius, Cantharellus 

laurocerasi, Russula 

lavendipes, Laccaria 

Laxitextum 

leaiana, Mycena 

Leccinum 

lenta, Pholiota 

Lentaria 

lenticularis, Limacella 

Lentinellus 

lentinoides, Collybia 

Lentinus 

lentofragilis, Ramariopsis 




Lenzites 

leoninus, Pluteus 

Leotia 

leotiicola, Hypomyces 

lepideus, Lentinus 

Lepiota 

leporina, Otidea 

leptoloma, Clitocybe 

Leptonia 

Leucoagaricus. See Lepiota naucinoides 

Leucocoprinus 

leucomelaena, Helvella 

leucomycelinus, Phylloporus 

Leucopaxillus 

Leucopholiota 

leucophyllum, Tricholoma 

leucoxantha, Discina 

levis, Lentinus 

levis, Panus. See Lentinus levis 

lignicola, Boletus 

lignyotus, Lactarius 

lignyotus var. marginatus, Lactarius 

lignyotus var. nigroviolascens, Lactarius 

ligula, Clavariadelphus 

lilacifolia, Mycena. See Chromosera cyanophylla 

Limacella 

limbatum, Geastrum 

liquiritiae, Gymnopilus 

lobatum, Ganoderma 

longicurvipes, Boletus 

longipes, Amanita 

longipes, Laccaria 

longipes, Xylaria 

longisegmentis, Cordyceps 

longistriatus, Pluteus 

Lopharia 

louisii, Lactarius 

lubrica, Leotia 

lucidum, Ganoderma 

lunulatospora, Mitrula 

luridellus, Boletus 

luridiformis, Boletus 

luridus, Boletus 

lutea, Armillaria 

lutea, Cudonia 

lutea, Lepiota. See Leucocoprinus birnbaumii



lutea, Russula 

luteocomus, Cantharellus 

luteofolius, Gymnopilus 

luteogriseascens, Lyophyllum 

luteolus, Lactarius 

luteomaculosum, Tricholoma 

luteo-olivaceum, Callistosporium 

luteopallens, Mycena 

luteophylla, Lepiota 

luteovirens, Hypomyces 

lutescens, Calostoma 

lutescens, Pluteus 

lutescens, Tremella 

luteum, Leccinum 

luteus, Cortinarius 

luteus, Gymnopilus 

luteus, Suillus 

luxurians, Collybia 

lycoperdoides, Asterophora 

lycoperdoides, Scleroderma. See Scleroderma areolatum 

lycoperdoides var. reticulatum, Scleroderma. See 

Scleroderma bovista 

Lycoperdon 

Lyophyllum 

Lysurus 

Macrolepiota 

macropus, Helvella 

macrorhizus, Coprinus. See Coprinus cinereus 

macrorrhizon, Scleroderma. See Scleroderma meridionale 

Macrotyphula 

maculata, Collybia 

maculata, Mycena 

maculata var. scorzonerea, Collybia 

maculatipes, Lactarius 

maculatus, Gomphidius 

maculatus, Lactarius 

magnicystidiosus, Leucocoprinus 

magnivelare, Tricholoma 

magnus, Pluteus 

malicola var. macropoda, Pholiota 

malicola var. malicola, Pholiota 

malicorius, Cortinarius. See Cortinarius croceofolius 

Marasmiellus 

Marasmius 

marginatum, Lycoperdon



marginatus var. concolor, Hygrophorus 

marginatus var. marginatus, Hygrophorus 

marginatus var. olivaceus, Hygrophorus 

marginella var. marginella, Mycena 

marginella var. rugosodisca, Mycena 

marmoreus, Hypsizygus. See Hypsizygus tessulatus 

marquettense, Tricholoma 

martiorum, Clitocybe 

marylandensis, Cortinarius 

mastrucatus, Hohenbuehelia 

maydis, Ustilago 

Megacollybia 

megalocarpus, Syzygites 

megalospora, Xerula 

Meiorganum. See Paxillus corrugatus 

melaena, Pseudoplectania 

melaleuca, Melanoleuca 

Melanoleuca 

Melanophyllum 

melanopus, Polyporus 

melanosperma, Stropharia 

Melastiza 

melastoma, Plectania 

meleagris, Agaricus 

mellea, Armillaria 

melolonthae, Cordyceps 

merdaria, Psilocybe 

meridionale, Scleroderma 

Meripilus 

merulioides, Boletinellus. See Gyrodon merulioides 

merulioides, Gyrodon 

Merulius. See Phlebia incarnata and Phlebia tremellosa 

mesenterica, Tremella. See Tremella lutescens 

mesophaeum, Hebeloma 

micaceus, Coprinus 

micheneri, Lentaria 

Microglossum 

micromegethus, Agaricus 

Micromphale 

Microstoma 

militaris, Cordyceps 

miniato-olivaceus, Boletus 

miniato-pallescens, Boletus 

miniatus, Hygrophorus 

miniatus var. mollis, Hygrophorus 

minor, Cantharellus



minutulus, Hygrophorus 

mitis, Panellus 

Mitrula 

mollis, Crepidotus 

molybdites, Chlorophyllum 

montagnei, Coltricia 

montagnei var. greenei, Coltricia. See Coltricia 

montagnei 

montana, Psilocybe. See Psilocybe polytrichophila 

monticola, Hygrophorus 

morbosa, Apiosporina 

Morchella 

Morganella 

mori, Polyporus 

morrisii, Boletus 

mucida, Clavaria. See Multiclavula mucida 

mucida, Holwaya 

mucida, Multiclavula 

mucidus var. mucidioides, Lactarius 

mucidus var. mucidus, Lactarius 

Multiclavula 

multiforme, Lyophyllum 

multiplex, Polyozellus 

mundula, Rhodocybe 

murraii, Cystostereum 

murraii, Nolanea 

murraii, Stereum. See Cystostereum murraii 

muscaria var. alba, Amanita 

muscaria var. formosa, Amanita 

mutabilis, Amanita 

mutabilis, Lactarius 

mutabilis, Pholiota 

Mutinus 

Mycena 

mycetophila, Christiansenia. See Syzygospora 

mycetophila 

mycetophila, Syzygospora 

mycetophila, Tremella. See Syzygospora mycetophila 

Mycorrhaphium. See Steccherinum adustum 

myomyces, Tricholoma 

myosotis, Hypholoma 

myosotis, Naematoloma. See Hypholoma myosotis 

myosotis, Pholiota. See Hypholoma myosotis 

myosura, Baeospora 

myriadophylla, Baeospora 

Myriostoma



Naematoloma. See Hypholoma 

narcoticus, Coprinus 

naucina, Lepiota. See Lepiota naucinoides 

naucina, Leucoagaricus. See Lepiota naucinoides 

naucinoides, Lepiota 

naucinoides, Leucoagaricus. See Lepiota naucinoides 

Naucoria. See Simocybe centunculus 

nebularis, Clitocybe 

nebulosus, Tylopilus 

Nectria 

Nectriopsis 

neoalbidipes, Suillus 

Neobulgaria 

Neohygrophorus. See Hygrophorus 

Neolecta 

nidulans, Hapalopilus 

nidulans, Phyllotopsis 

niger, Phellodon 

niger var. alboniger, Phellodon 

nigrella, Pseudoplectania 

nigrescens, Leccinum 

nigricans, Gomphidius 

nigricans, Russula 

nigripes, Marasmiellus 

nigritum, Geoglossum. See Geoglossum umbratile 

nigrodiscus, Marasmius 

nitidus, Hygrophorus 

nitiosus, Hygrophorus 

nitratus, Hygrophorus 

niveipes, Tricholoma 

niveus, Coprinus 

niveus, Hygrophorus. See Hygrophorus borealis 

nobilis, Laccaria 

nodospora, Pouzarella 

Nolanea 

nucleata, Exidia 

nuda, Clitocybe 

oakesii, Aleurodiscus 

obliquus, Cortinarius 

obliquus, Inonotus 

obscuratus, Lactarius 

occidentalis, Hygrophorus 

occidentalis, Sarcocypha 

ochraceum, Steccherinum 

ochraceus, Chroogomphus


ochropurpurea, Laccaria 

Octospora 

oculatus, Lactarius 

oculus, Clitocybula 

odora, Clitocybe 

odorifer, Entoloma. See Leptonia odorifer 

odorifer, Leptonia 

odorum, Tricholoma 

ohiensis, Laccaria 

olearius, Omphalotus 

olida, Hygrophoropsis 

Oligoporus 

olivaceoalbus, Hygrophorus 

olivaceobrunneum, Tricholoma 

olivaceum, Microglossum 

olivaceus, Hydnochaete 

oliveisporus, Boletus 

olla, Cyathus 

Omphalina 

omphalodes, Lentinellus 

Omphalotus 

onotica, Otidea 

onusta, Amanita 

operculatus, Panus. See Tectella patellaris 

ophioglossoides, Cordyceps 

oreades, Marasmius 

ornatipes, Boletus 

oronoensis, Clavaria 

osmundicola, Mycena 

ostoyae, Armillaria 

ostrea, Stereum 

ostreatus, Pleurotus (complex) 

Otidea 

ovinus, Albatrellus 

ovinus, Hygrophorus 

oxydabile, Leccinum 

Oxyporus 

Pachyella 

pachyodon, Spongipellis 

paleaceus, Cortinarius 

paleiferus, Cortinarius 

pallidum, Tremellodendron 

pallidus, Boletus 

pallidus, Pluteus 

palmata, Thelephora 




palmatus, Dacrymyces 

palmatus, Rhodotus 

paludosa, Mitrula 

paluster, Fuscoboletinus 

palustre, Lyophyllum. See Tephrocybe palustris 

palustre, Tricholoma 

palustris, Helvella 

palustris, Tephrocybe 

Panaeolus 

Panellus 

pantherina var. multisquamosa, Amanita 

pantherina var. velatipes, Amanita 

panuoides, Paxillus 

Panus. See Lentinus 

papillatus, Marasmiellus 

paradoxa, Schizopora 

paradoxus, Lactarius 

paradoxus, Leucopaxillus 

parasitica, Asterophora 

parasiticus, Boletus 

parasiticus, Claudopus 

parcivolvata, Amanita 

parvulus, Hygrophorus 

Patella, See Scutellinia erinaceus 

patellaris, Tectella 

Paxillus 

peckiana, Amanita 

peckianus, Albatrellus 

peckii, Hydnellum 

peckii, Lactarius 

peckii, Lycoperdon 

peckii var. glaucescens, Lactarius 

pectinatum, Geastrum 

pediades, Agrocybe 

pelioma, Amanita 

pellitus, Pluteus 

penetrans, Gymnopilus 

Peniophora 

perennis, Coltricia 

perforans, Micromphale 

Peridoxylon. See Camarops petersii 

perlata, Discina 

perlatum, Lycoperdon 

perplexus, Hygrophorus 

persicinus, Laetiporus 

persicolor, Calocybe



pes-caprae, Albatrellus 

pessundatum, Tricholoma 

petaloides, Hohenbuehelia 

petasatus, Pluteus 

petersii, Camarops 

petersii, Peridoxylon. See Camarops petersii 

Peziza 

Phaeocalicium 

Phaeocollybia 

Phaeolus 

Phaeomarasmius 

phaeophthalma, Clitocybe 

phaeosticta, Lepiota 

Phallogaster 

phalloides, Amanita 

Phallus 

Phanerochaete 

Phellinus 

Phellodon 

Phlebia 

Phleogena 

Phlogiotis 

pholideus, Cortinarius 

Pholiota 

phycophylla, Clavaria. See Multiclavula phycophylla 

phycophylla, Multiclavula 

phyllogena, Peziza 

phyllogena, Psilocybe 

Phylloporus 

Phyllotopsis 

Physalacria 

picipes, Polyporus. See Polyporus badius 

picreus, Gymnopilus 

pictus, Suillus 

piedmontensis, Boletus. See Boletus firmus 

pila, Bovista 

pinastris, Collybia 

pineticola, Hydnellum 

pini, Phellinus 

pinicola, Fomitopsis 

pinorigidus, Suillus. See Suillus salmonicolor 

piperatoides, Chalciporus 

piperatus, Boletus. See Chalciporus piperatus 

piperatus, Chalciporus 

piperatus var. glaucescens, Lactarius 

piperatus var. piperatus, Lactarius



Piptoporus 

Pisolithus 

pistillaris, Clavariadelphus 

placidus, Suillus 

placomyces, Agaricus 

platyphylla, Megacollybia 

platyphylla, Tricholomopsis. See Megacollybia 

platyphylla 

platyphyllum, Tricholoma. See Tricholoma inamoenum 

Plectania 

Pleurocybella 

Pleurotusplicatilis, 

Coprinus 

plicatilis, Pseudocoprinus. See Coprinus plicatilis 

Plicaturopsis 

plumbea, Bovista 

plumbeoviolaceous, Tylopilus 

Pluteus 

pocillator, Agaricus 

Podostroma 

polymorpha, Xylaria 

Polyozellus 

polyporaeum, Phaeocalicium 

polyphylla, Collybia 

Polyporus 

polypyramis, Amanita 

polyrhizon, Scleroderma 

polytrichophila, Psilocybe 

ponderosa, Armillaria. See Tricholoma magnivelare 

populinum, Tricholoma 

populinus, Oxyporus 

populinus, Pleurotus 

Poronidulus. See Trametes conchifer 

Porphyrellus. See Tylopilus sordidus 

porphyria, Amanita 

porphyrosporus, Tylopilus 

Porpoloma 

porrigens, Pleurocybella 

portentosum, Tricholoma 

potentillae, Pucciniastrum 

Pouzarella 

praeacutus, Marasmiellus 

praecox, Agrocybe 

pratensis, Hygrophorus 

procera, Lepiota. See Macrolepiota procera 

procera, Macrolepiota



projectellus, Boletellus. See Boletus projectellus 

projectellus, Boletus 

prominens, Lepiota. See Macrolepiota prominens 

prominens, Macrolepiota 

proxima, Laccaria 

proximus, Suillus 

prunulus, Clitopilus 

Psathyrella 

Pseudoclitocybe. 

Pseudocolus 

Pseudocoprinus. See Coprinus plicatilis 

Pseudofistulina. See Fistulina radicata 

pseudoflexuosus, Lactarius 

Pseudohydnum 

Pseudomerulius 

pseudo-olivaceus, Boletus 

pseudopeckii, Boletus 

Pseudoplectania 

pseudorubinellus, Boletus. See Chalciporus 

pseudorubinellus 

pseudorubinellus, Chalciporus 

pseudoscaber ssp. cyaneocinctus, Porphyrellus. See 

Tylopilus sordidus 

pseudoscaber, Tylopilus 

pseudosensibilis, Boletus 

pseudoseparans, Boletus 

pseudosulphureus, Boletus 

Psilocybe 

psittacinus, Hygrophorus 

Ptychoverpa 

pubescens, Lactarius 

pubescens, Trametes 

Pucciniastrum 

pudorinus, Hygrophorus 

Pulcherricium 

pulcherrimum, Lycoperdon 

pulcherrimum, Steccherinum 

pulcherripes, Marasmius 

pulchra, Clavulinopsis. See Clavulinopsis laeticolor 

pulchra, Russula 

pullum, Tricholoma 

pululahuana, Ductifera 

Pulveroboletus 

pulverulentus, Boletus 

punctipes, Suillus 

Punctularia


puniceus, Hygrophorus 

pura, Mycena 

pura, Neobulgaria 

purpurascens, Hygrophorus 

purpurea, Clavaria 

purpurea, Claviceps 

purpureo-echinatus, Lactarius 

purpureofolius, Hygrophorus 

purpureofusca, Mycena 

purpureofuscus, Boletus 

purpureomarginatum, Callistosporium 

purpureum, Chondrostereum 

purpureum, Xanthoconium. See Boletus purpureofuscus 

purpurinus, Gyroporus 

pusilla, Volvariella 

pustulatus, Hygrophorus 

putilla, Collybia 

Pycnoporellus 

Pycnoporus 

pygmaeum, Geoglossum 

pyriforme, Lycoperdon 

pyriodorus, Cortinarius 

pyrogalus, Lactarius 

pyrrhocephalus, Marasmius 

pyxidata, Clavicorona 

quadrata, Nolanea 

quadrifidum, Geastrum 

quercina, Daedalea 

quietus var. incanus, Lactarius 


rachodes, Lepiota. See Macrolepiota rachodes 

rachodes, Macrolepiota 

radians, Coprinus 

radiata, Phlebia 

radicata, Collybia. See Xerula 

radicata, Fistulina 

radicata, Oudemansiella. See Xerula 

radicata, Pseudofistulina. See Fistulina radicata 

radicata, Sparassis. See Sparassis crispa 

radicata var. radicata, Xerula 

radicatus, Polyporus 

radicosum, Hebeloma 

rainierensis, Hygrophorus 

Ramaria 

Ramariopsis



Ramicola. See Simocybe centunculus 

ramosum, Hericium. See Hericium coralloides 

ravenelii, Amanita 

ravenelii, Calostoma 

ravenelii, Phallus 

ravenelii, Pulveroboletus 

reai, Hygrophorus 

recisa, Exidia 

regularis var. multipartita, Thelephora 

reidii, Hygrophorus 

repanda, Peziza 

repandum, Dentinum. See Hydnum repandum 

repandum var. album, Dentinum. See Hydnum repandum 

var. album 

repandum, Hydnum 

repandum var. album, Hydnum 

representaneus, Lactarius 

resimus, Lactarius 

Resinomycena 

resinosum, Ischnoderma 

resplendens, Tricholoma 

Resupinatus 

reticulata, Tremella 

reticulatus, Bolbitius 

retipes, Boletus 

retirugis, Panaeolus 

rhacodes, Lepiota. See Macrolepiota rachodes 

rheades, Inonotus 

rhenana, Aleuria 

Rhizina 

Rhizopogon 

Rhodocybe 

Rhodocybella 

rhododendri, Exobasidium 

rhododendri, Resinomycena 

Rhodotus 

rhodoxanthus, Phylloporus 

Rhopalogaster 

Rhytisma 

Rickenella 

rimosa, Inocybe 

rimosus, Phellinus 

ringens, Panellus 

Ripartites 

robusta, Clitocybe 

rosea, Leptonia



rosea, Tarzetta 

roseibrunneus, Hygrophorus 

roseilivida, Lepiota 

rosella, Mycena 

roseo-carneum, Laxitextum 

roseo-carneum, Stereum. See Laxitextum roseo-carneum 

roseum, Entoloma. See Leptonia rosea 

roseus, Fomitopsis 

rotula, Marasmius 

rotundifoliae, Leccinum 

roxanae, Boletus 

Rozites 

rubella var. blanda, Ramaria 

rubellus, Boletus 

rubescens, Amanita 

rubicundula, Clavaria 

rubiginosa, Hymenochaete 

rubiginosum, Hypoxylon 

rubinellus, Boletus. See Chalciporus rubinellus 

rubinellus, Chalciporus 

rubritubifer, Boletus. See Chalciporus rubritubifer 

rubritubifer, Chalciporus 

rubrobrunnescens, Xerula 

rubrobrunneus, Tylopilus 

rubroflammeus, Boletus 

rubroflava, Calvatia 

rubropunctus, Boletus 

rubrotincta, Lepiota 

rudis, Panus. See Lentinus strigosus 

rufa, Bulgaria. See Galiella rufa 

rufa, Galiella 

rufa, Hypocrea 

rufa, Peniophora 

rufescens, Geastrum. See Geastrum vulgatum 

rufipes, Phaeocollybia. See Phaeocollybia christinae 

rufocinnamomeus, Boletus 

rufum, Microglossum 

rufus var. rufus, Lactarius 

rugocephala, Psathyrella 

rugosa, Clavulina 

rugosa, Conocybe 

rugosiceps, Leccinum 

rugosoannulata, Stropharia 

russellii, Boletellus 

Russula 

russula, Hygrophorus


rutilans, Tricholomopsis 

rutilantiformis, Mycena 

rutilus, Chroogomphus 


saccatum, Geastrum 

saccatus, Phallogaster 

sachalinensis, Clavariadelphus 

salicinum, Rhytisma 

salicinus, Pluteus 

salmonea, Nolanea. See Nolanea quadrata 

salmoneum, Entoloma. See Nolanea quadrata 

salmonicolor, Lactarius 

salmonicolor, Suillus 

sanguineus, Pycnoporus 

sanguinolenta, Mycena 

sapidus, Pleurotus. See Pleurotus ostreatus 

sapineus, Gymnopilus 

saponaceum, Tricholoma 

Sarcodon 

Sarcodontia 

sarcoides, Ascocoryne 

Sarcoleotia 

Sarcoscypha 

Sarcosoma 

scabella, Crinipellis 

scabrosus, Sarcodon 

scabrum, Leccinum 

scalpturatum, Tricholoma 

schellenbergiae, Colus. See Pseudocolus fusiformis 

schellenbergiae, Pseudocolus. See Pseudocolus fusiformis 

Schizophyllum 

Schizopora 

schweinitzii, Phaeolus 

schweinitzii, Tremellodendron. See Tremellodendron 

pallidum 

Scleroderma 

scorodonius, Marasmius 

scrobiculatum, Hydnellum 

scrobiculatum var. zonatum, Hydnellum 

scrobiculatus, Lactarius 

scutellata, Scutellinia 

Scutellinia 

Sebacina 

sejunctum, Tricholoma 

semiglobata, Stropharia 

semihirtipes, Collybia



semilibera, Morchella 

semiorbicularis, Agrocybe 

semisanguineus, Cortinarius 

semitale, Lyophyllum 

semitosta, Jafnea 

sensibilis, Boletus 

separans, Boletus 

sepiarium, Gloeophyllum 

septentrionale, Climacodon 

septentrionale, Steccherinum. See Climacodon 

septentrionale 

septentrionalis, Psathyrella 

septica, Fuligo 

sepulchralis, Anellaria. See Panaeolus solidipes 

serotinus, Fuscoboletinus 

serotinus, Panellus 

Serpula 

serratifolium, Tricholoma 

serrulata, Leptonia 

serrulatum, Entoloma. See Leptonia serrulata 

sessile, Geastrum 

seticeps, Pluteus 

setosa, Patella. See Scutellinia erinaceus 

setosa, Sarcodontia 

sibiricus, Suillus 

siccus, Marasmius 

silvaticus, Agaricus 

silvicola, Agaricus 

Simblum 

simile, Geoglossum 

Simocybe 

simulans, Tulostoma 

sinapina, Armillaria 

sinapizans, Hebeloma 

singeri, Hygrophorus 

sinicoflava, Amanita 

sinopica, Clitocybe 

snellii, Leccinum 

solidipes, Limacella 

solidipes, Panaeolus 

sordidus, Bolbitius 

sordidus, Boletus. See Tylopilus sordidus 

sordidus, Hygrophorus 

sordidus, Lactarius 

sordidus, Porphyrellus. See Tylopilus sordidus 

sordidus, Tylopilus



sororia, Inocybe 

spadiceus, Boletus 

spadiceus, Hygrophorus 

Spadicioides clavariae 

Sparassis 

sparassoides, Wynnea 

Spathularia 

spathularia, Dacryopinax 

Spathulariopsis. See Spathularia velutipes 

spathulata, Sparassis. See Sparassis herbstii 

speciosa, Volvariella 

speciosus, Boletus 

speciosus, Lactarius 

speciosus var. brunneus, Boletus 

speciosus var. kauffmanii, Hygrophorus 

speciosus var. speciosus, Hygrophorus 

spectabilis, Fuscoboletinus 

spectabilis, Gymnopilus 

Sphaerobolus 

sphaerocephalum, Simblum 

sphaerospora, Gyromitra 

Spinellus 

spissa, Amanita. See Amanita excelsa 

splendens, Aleuria 

splendens, Lactarius 

spongiosa, Collybia 

spongiosipes, Hydnellum 

Spongipellis 

spraguei, Suillus. See Suillus pictus 

Spragueola. See Neolecta irregularis 

spreta, Amanita 

spumosa, Pholiota 

Squamanita 

squamosa var. thrausta, Stropharia. See Stropharia 

thrausta 

squamosus, Polyporus 

squamulosa, Clitocybe 

squamulosus, Hygrophorus 

squarrosa, Pholiota 

squarrosa-adiposa, Pholiota. See Pholiota aurivella 

squarrosoides, Boletinus. See Suillus castanellus 

squarrosoides, Pholiota 

squarrulosum, Tricholoma 

Steccherinum 

stellatus, Sphaerobolus 

stephanomatis, Hypomyces



stercoreus, Cyathus 

Stereum. See also Cystostereum murraii and 

Laxitextum roseo-carneum 

sterquilinus, Coprinus 

stevensii, Helvella 

stigma, Diatrype 

stillatus, Dacrymyces 

stipitaria, Crinipellis. See Crinipellis scabella 

stipticus, Panellus 

striatula, Laccaria 

striatum, Stereum 

striatus, Cyathus 

stricta, Ramaria 

strictipes, Marasmius 

strigoso-zonata, Punctularia 

strigosus, Lentinus 

strobilinoides, Mycena 

Strobilomyces 

Strobilurus 

strombodes, Gerronema 

Stropharia 

stylobates, Mycena 

suaveolens, Hydnellum 

suavissimus, Lentinus 

subalbellus, Gyroporus 

subalutaceus, Suillus 

subaureum, Tricholoma 

subaureus, Suillus 

subbalteatus, Panaeolus 

subcaerulea, Mycena 

subcaerulea, Pholiota 

subclavipes, Clitocybe 

subconnexa, Clitocybe 

subdepauperatus, Boletus 

subditopoda, Clitocybe 

subdulcis, Lactarius 

subfelleus, Sarcodon 

subflavidus, Austroboletus 

subflavidus, Tylopilus. See Austroboletus subflavidus 

subfraternus, Boletus 

subglabripes, Boletus 

subglabripes var. corrugis, Boletus. See Boletus hortonii 

subgraminicolor, Russula 

subincarnata, Morganella 

subincarnata, Mycena 

sublateritium, Hypholoma


sublateritium, Naematoloma. See Hypholoma 

sublateritium 

subleucophaeum, Leccinum 

subluridellus, Boletus 

subluteum, Tricholoma 

subluteus, Suillus. See Suillus salmonicolor 

subnuda, Collybia 

subochracea, Inocybe 

subovalis, Conocybe 

subovinus, Hygrophorus 

subplinthogalus, Lactarius 

subpurpureus, Lactarius 

subresplendens, Tricholoma 

subroseus, Gomphidius 

subrufescens, Agaricus 

subrufescens, Hygrophorus 

subsalmonius, Hygrophorus 

subsquamosa, Boletopsis 

subsulphurea, Collybia 

subtomentosus, Boletus 

subvellereus, Lactarius 

subvelutipes, Boletus 

subvernalis var. cokeri, Lactarius 

subviolaceous, Hygrophorus 

subzonalis, Leucopaxillus 

succineus, Hypomyces 

succosa, Peziza 

Suillus 

sulcata, Helvella 

sulfureoides, Tricholomopsis 

sulfurina, Bisporella 

sulphurescens, Tricholoma 

sulphureum, Tricholoma 

sulphureus, Laetiporus 

sulphureus var. semialbinus, Laetiporus. See Laetiporus 

persicinus 

sumstinei, Meripilus 

surrecta, Volvariella 

sylvestris, Peziza 

Syzygites 

Syzygospora 

tabacina, Hymenochaete 

tabacinus, Tylopilus 

tabescens, Armillaria 

tahquamenonensis, Inocybe 




tarda, Clitocybe 

tarda var. alcalina, Clitocybe 

Tarzetta 

taylori, Volvariella 

Tectella 

tenax, Boletus 

tenera, Conocybe 

tennesseensis, Hygrophorus 

tentaculata, Xylaria 

tenuiceps, Russula 

tenuipes, Xeromphalina 

Tephrocybe 

tephroleucus, Hygrophorus 

tephroleucus, Oligoporus 

terrestris, Byssonectria 

terrestris, Pholiota 

terrestris, Thelephora 

terreum, Tricholoma 

tesselatus, Hypsizygus. See Hypsizygus tessulatus 

tessulatus, Hypsizygus 

testaceoscabrum, Leccinum 

tetrasporum, Trichoglossum 

thejogalus, Lactarius 

Thelephora 

thompsonii, Pluteus 

thrausta, Psilocybe. See Stropharia thrausta 

thrausta, Stropharia 

thujinus, Marasmius 

thyinos, Lactarius 

tibiicystis, Galerina 

tigrinus, Lentinus 

tinctorius, Pisolithus 

titubans, Bolbitius 

tomentosulus, Pluteus 

tomentosus, Inonotus 

tomentosus, Phellodon 

tomentosus, Suillus 

torminosus, Lactarius 

torulosus, Lentinus 

torulosus, Panus. See Lentinus torulosus 

torvus, Cortinarius 

trabeum, Gloeophyllum 

traganus, Cortinarius 

Trametes. See also Coriolopsis gallica 

transversarium, Rhopalogaster 

Tremella



tremellicola, Nectriopsis 

Tremellodendron 

tremellosa, Phlebia 

tremellosus, Merulius. See Phlebia tremellosa 

Tremiscus. See Phlogiotis helvelloides 

Trichaptum 

Trichoglossum 

Tricholoma 

tricholoma, Ripartites 

Tricholomopsis 

tricolor, Leucopaxillus 

triplex, Geastrum 

trivialis, Cortinarius 

Trogia. See Plicaturopsis crispa 

trogii, Trametes 

trullaeformis, Clitocybe 

trullisata, Laccaria 

truncatus, Boletus 

truncatus, Clavariadelphus 

truncicola, Clitocybe 

truncorum, Vibrissea 

tsugae, Ganoderma 

tubaeformis, Cantharellus 

Tubaria 

tubariicola, Nectriopsis 

Tubercularia 

tuberculosum, Stereum. See Cystostereum murraii 

tuberosa, Collybia 

Tulostoma 

tumidum, Tricholoma 

turficola, Sarcoleotia 

turundus var. sphagnophilus, Hygrophorus 

turundus var. turundus, Hygrophorus 

Tylopilus 

typhae, Psathyrella 

Tyromyces 

udum, Hypholoma 

udum, Naematoloma. See Hypholoma udum 

ulmarius, Hypsizygus. See Hypsizygus tessulatus 

umbellatus, Dendropolyporus 

umbellatus, Polyporus. See Dendropolyporus umbellatus 

umbilicatum, Dentinum. See Hydnum umbilicatum 

umbilicatum, Hydnum 

umbonata, Amanita 

umbonata, Armillaria. See Squamanita umbonata



umbonata, Cantharellula 

umbonata, Squamanita 

umbonatus, Cantharellus. See Cantharellula umbonata 

umbratile, Geoglossum 

umbrinum, Lycoperdon 

umbrosum, Porpoloma 

umbrosum, Pseudotricholoma. See Porpoloma umbrosum 

Underwoodia 

underwoodii, Helvella. See Gyromitra fastigiata 

underwoodii, Sarcodon 

undulata, Rhizina 

unguinosus, Hygrophorus 

unicolor, Cerrena 

Urnula 

Uromyces 

ursinus, Lentinellus 

Ustilago 

Ustulina 

uvidus, Lactarius 

vaccinii, Exobasidium 

vaccinum, Tricholoma 

vaginata, Amanita 

validipes, Gymnopilus 

variabile, Trichoglossum 

variegatus, Coprinus 

variicolor, Bolbitius 

variipes, Boletus 

variipes var. fagicola, Boletus 

varius, Polyporus 

velatum, Hebeloma 

vellereus, Lactarius 

velutina, Lacrymaria. See Psathyrella velutina 

velutina, Psathyrella 

velutipes, Collybia. See Flammulina velutipes 

velutipes, Flammulina 

velutipes, Spathularia 

velutipes, Spathulariopsis. See Spathularia velutipes 

velutipes, Trichoglossum 

venosa, Disciotis 

ventricosa, Catathelasma 

ventricosipes, Russula 

ventricosum, Catathelasma. See Catathelasma ventricosa 

veris, Pholiota 

vermicularis, Clavaria 

vermiculosoides, Boletus



vermiculosus, Boletus 

verna, Amanita 

verna, Nolanea 

vernalis, Kuehneromyces. See Pholiota vernalis 

vernalis, Pholiota 

Verpa. See also Ptychoverpa bohemica 

versicolor, Trametes 

versiforme, Chlorosplenium 

versiformis, Chlorencoelia. See Chlorosplenium 

versiforme 

versiformis, Chlorociboria. See Chlorosplenium 

versiforme 

vesiculosa, Peziza 

vialis, Thelephora 

vibratilis, Cortinarius 

Vibrissea 

vietus, Lactarius 

villosa, Helvella 

villosavolva, Volvariella 

vinaceorufescens, Lactarius 

vinicolor, Chroogomphus 

violaceofulvus, Panellus 

violaceus, Cortinarius 

violascens, Bankera 

virgatum, Tricholoma 

virgineus, Dasyscyphus 

virgineus, Hygrophorus. See Hygrophorus borealis 

viride, Microglossum 

viridiflavus, Boletus. See Boletus auriporus 

virosa, Amanita 

viscidus, Fuscoboletinus 

viscosa, Calocera 

viscosa, Leotia 

vitellina, Neolecta 

vitellinus, Bolbitius 

vitellinus, Hygrophorus 

vitellinus var. olivaceus, Bolbitius. See Bolbitius 

variicolor 

vogesiaca, Pseudoplectania. See Pseudoplectania melaena 

volemus var. flavus, Lactarius 

volemus var. volemus, Lactarius 

volvacea, Volvariella 

Volvariella 

volvata, Amanita 

volvatus, Cryptoporus 

vulgare, Auriscalpium



vulgare, Crucibulum. See Crucibulum laeve 

vulgaris, Tubercularia 

vulgatum, Geastrum 

vulpinus, Lentinellus 

walteri, Trichoglossum 

wellsii, Amanita 

Wynnea 

Xanthoconium. See Boletus affinis var. maculosus 

xanthopus, Cantharellus 

Xeromphalina 

Xerula 

Xylaria 

Xylobolus 

zelleri, Tricholoma 

zollingeri, Clavaria 

zonarius, Lactarius 

zonata, Crinipellis 


WEBSITE INDEX 



Preface 












is part of 

Visitors to this page since 1 January 1998 



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Mushrooms of 

Northeastern 

North America 

Key to the Genera of Gilled 

Mushrooms 

1. Stalk central to eccentric: 2. 

1. Stalk absent to lateral: 26. 

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2. Gills attached to decurrent; gills, cap flesh, or 

stalk exuding latex when cut; universal veil, partial 

veil and ring absent; spore print white, cream, or 

yellow to ochre; spores with various amyloid 

ornamentations: Genus Lactarius (see p. 000) 

2. As above, except latex absent; gills white to pale 

orange; lamellulae few or absent in many species; 

stalk lacking vertical fibers, snapping somewhat 

like a piece of chalk; flesh brittle and crumbly; cap 

cuticle membranous, detachable (at least near cap 

margin), sometimes white but often colorfully 

pigmented (pink, orange, red, purple, green); spore 

print color and spores as above: Genus Russula (see 

p. 000) 

2. Not as in either of the above choices, but spore 

print white to cream: 3. 

2. Spore print pink, tan, yellow, or darker: 4. 

3. Universal veil slimy to glutinous, cap and lower 

stalk likewise; gills free or nearly so, white; partial 

veil present or absent; spores smooth, inamyloid, 

typically globose, 6 µm long at most: Genus 

Limacella (see p. 000) 

3. Universal veil present, usually leaving remnants 

(warts on cap or stalk, or volva); partial veil present 

in young specimens or margin striate or both; gills 

free or nearly so; terrestrial; never clustered; spores 

globose to elliptic, smooth, amyloid or inamyloid: 

Genus Amanita (see p. 000) 

3. Entire mushroom usually very moist; most



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species semitranslucent and colorful (yellow, 

orange, red, purple) with colors fading 

conspicuously as specimens dry out; gills appearing 

waxy, thickened, attached, often distant and 

crossveined; gills typically leaving a waxy residue 

on one’s fingers when rubbed; partial veil rarely 

present; most species terrestrial; not usually 

clustered; spores smooth, inamyloid: Genus 

Hygrophorus (see p. 000) 

3. Cap coated with loose granules; stipe sheathed 

halfway or farther up from below, the sheath 

sometimes flaring at the top; gills variously 

attached but never free; spores smooth, thin-walled, 

amyloid or inamyloid: Genus Cystoderma (see p. 

000) 

3. Cap white, tan, brownish or reddish, usually 

distinctly scaly in age; gills free, white, close; 

partial veil present, usually leaving a ring on stalk; 

terrestrial, usually growing on dead plant debris 

(leaves, needles, wood chips, etc.); spores smooth, 

dextrinoid, amyloid or inamyloid: Genus Lepiota 

and Allies (see p. 000) 

3. Spore print white to cream, but mushroom not 

otherwise as in any of the above choices; gills 

attached; other characters exceedingly variable: 32. 

4. Spore print buff to pink to salmon or pinkish 

brown: 5. 

4. Spore print pale yellowish cream to orangish 

yellow: 8. 

4. Spore print lilac or lilac-tinted, lilac-gray or 

violet-gray; cap often pinkish, usually finely scaly 

when dry; gills attached to decurrent, pinkish or 

flesh-colored to purplish, usually appearing thick 

and/or waxy; stalk fibrous, tough; spores 

inamyloid, minutely spiny except smooth in one 

species: Genus Laccaria (see p. 000) 

4. Spore print greenish brown to yellowish brown; 

gills attached to decurrent, crossveined to almost 

poroid, yellowish at first; gill layer easily separable 

from the cap flesh; cap surface blueing with 

ammonia; spores smooth, asymetric, inamyloid; 

cystidia typically abundant, clamp connections 

absent: Genus Phylloporus (see p. 000)






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4. Spore print greenish, lacking brown tones: 

Genus Lepiota and Allies (see p. 000) 

4. Spore print with an orange to red tint when fresh, 

ranging from bright orange to rust or reddish 

brown: 9. 

4. Spore print yellowish brown to brown, lacking 

an orange to red tint: 15. 

4. Spore print dark purplish brown: 20. 

4. Spore print gray to black: 24. 

5. Gills distinctly free; saccate volva present; 

partial veil absent; growing on wood, sawdust, 

compost, or on other mushrooms; spores smooth, 

thick-walled, inamyloid: Genus Volvariella (see p. 

000) 

5. Gills distinctly free; volva and partial veil both 

absent; growing on wood, sawdust, or other woody 

substrate; spores smooth, inamyloid: Genus Pluteus 

(see p. 000) 

5. Gills free; partial veil present, usually leaving a 

ring on the stalk; mushroom terrestrial: 6. 

5. Gills attached but sometimes appearing free; 

partial veil absent; cap conic to broadly conic when 

young, becoming bell-shaped to nearly flat with an 

umbo in age, dark brown, hairy; stalk dark brown, 

hairy; base of stalk with bristle-like hairs; spores 

13–16 x 7–9 µm, angular in all views; solitary, 

scattered or in groups on leaf litter or decaying 

hardwood; edibility unknown: Pouzarella 

nodospora (Atkinson) Mazzer 

5. Gills attached but often appearing free; partial 

veil absent; cap usually conic, thin-fleshed; stem 

slender, often twisted, fragile, usually not white, 

base typically coated with white mycelium; spores 

angular, with a pointed apex: Genus Nolanea (see 

p. 000) 

5. Gills attached, sinuate or decurrent; partial veil 

absent: 7. 

6. Cap smooth, white, not scaly; spore print white 

to pale pink; growing on lawns or grassy areas; 

spores with an apical pore: Lepiota naucinoides 

Peck (see p. 000) 

6. Cap less than 3" (7.5 cm) wide, slightly scaly






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when mature; spores smooth, amyloid, inamyloid 

or dextrinoid, without an apical pore: Genus 

Lepiota (see p. 000) 

7. Cap less than 3" (7.5 cm) wide and more or less 

flat at maturity with a sunken center and tiny 

scales; overall colors and/or staining reactions 

sometimes striking (e.g. teal, pink, blue to violet or 

black) but often more or less brown; gills more or 

less decurrent, sometimes with colored edges; stalk 

slender, fragile, less than ¼” (7mm) thick; lower 

stalk usually white-coated; odor often pronounced 

and/or odd (e.g. like burnt rubber, mice, bathroom 

cleanser, bubble gum or farinaceous); spores 

angular, with a pointed apex: Genus Leptonia (see 

p. 000) 

7. Cap about 1–3" (2.5–7.5 cm) wide, flesh-colored 

to apricot to reddish pink, surface wrinkled, veined 

or netted; gills attached; mushroom growing on 

wood; spores globose or nearly so, minutely warty 

or spiny, inamyloid: Rhodotus palmatus (Bulliard : 

Fries) Maire (see p. 000) 

7. Cap thin-fleshed, less than 2" (5 cm) wide, 

center depressed to sunken; gills decurrent; stalk 

1/8" (3 mm) thick at most; spores smooth, 

inamyloid: Genus Chrysomphalina and Allies (see 

p. 000) 

7. Spore print brownish pink, brownish salmon or 

pinkish; gills often sinuate; spores angular in all 

views: Genus Entoloma and Allies (see p. 000) 

7. Spore print pinkish cream or pinkish buff, 

lacking a brownish tint; cap usually white, gray, 

tan, brown, typically not colorful, often sunken to 

funnel-shaped; gills thin, usually sinuate or 

decurrent; spores smooth to finely warty, typically 

inamyloid (amyloid in only a few species): Genus 

Clitocybe and Allies (see p. 000). NOTE: Some 

species of other genera in the Tricholoma family 

also have spores that appear somewhat pinkish in 

mass. If a specimen does not key out in Clitocybe 

and Allies, try keying it out from: 32. 

8. Mushroom tough, corky to fibrous or leathery, 

not readily decaying; cap becoming sunken at the 

center; gills descending the stalk; stalk solid, tough, 

usually densely hairy; found on decaying wood



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which may be buried; spores cylindric, smooth, 

inamyloid: Genus Lentinus (see p. 000) 

8. Cap smooth, convex to flat, often with an umbo, 

texture like leather, white to yellowish to dark 

brown, often hygrophanous; gills crowded, 

attached, never decurrent, white; stalk usually tall, 

slender, longitudinally striate; often found on 

humus, sometimes on lawns, never on decaying 

wood; spores warty, with a plage, and amyloid: 

Genus Melanoleuca (see p. 000) 

8. Cap usually less than 3" (7.5 cm) wide, sunken at 

the center in age; gills sometimes forked, always 

descending stalk; stalk narrow, brittle; usually 

found among mosses, lichens or liverworts, but 

sometimes on soil or wood; spores smooth, 

inamyloid: Genus Chrysomphalina and Allies (see 

p. 000) 

9. Cap 2" (5 cm) wide at most, surface dry, coated 

with short, erect, brown scales over a grayish 

brown to yellowish ground color; scales fragile, 

soon powdery and easily removed; gills free, bright 

to dark red, becoming brown; partial veil 

membranous, leaving remnants on upper stalk and 

on the cap margin; stalk scurfy to nearly smooth; 

spore print dull red when fresh, drying purplish 

brown; spores 5–7 x 2–3 µm: Melanophyllum 

echinatum (Roth : Fries) Singer (see p. 000) 

9. Gills free, close to crowded, yellowish at first; 

cap viscid, glabrous, becoming striate; partial veil 

absent; spores smooth, with an apical pore: Genus 

Bolbitius (see p. 000) 

9. Gills free to deeply notched, close; cap viscid, 

glabrous, conic to campanulate, more or less 

brown; partial veil absent; stalk with a long, 

tapering root; exclusively under conifers; spores 

roughened to finely wrinkled, lacking a pore, often 

with a snout-like projection: Genus Phaeocollybia 

(see p. 000) 

9. Not as in any of the above choices; growing on 

wood: 10. 

9. Not as in any of the above choices; growing on 

the ground: 12. 

9. Not as in any of the above choices; growing on



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decaying remains of another mushroom, the 

“Shaggy Mane” (Coprinus comatus): Psathyrella 

epimyces (Peck) Smith 

10. Cap margin distinctly inrolled when young; 

gills decurrent, forked, distinctly crossveined to 

almost pore-like at the stalk, gill layer easily 

separable from cap flesh; stalk eccentric to almost 

lateral, distinctly velvety; spores smooth, lacking a 

pore: Paxillus atrotomentosus (Bataille : Fries) (see 

p. 000) 

10. Gills often mottled; stalk slender and decidedly 

brittle, easily snapping in half; partial veil 

sometimes evident; spores smooth to roughened, 

with an apical pore: Genus Psathyrella (see p. 000) 

10. Cap convex, less than 4" (10 cm) wide; cap and 

stalk scaly to powdery or granular; partial veil more 

fibrous than membranous, leaving at most a zone of 

fibers near the top of the stalk; spores smooth, with 

or without an apical pore: Phaeomarasmius 

erinaceellus (Peck) Singer (see p. 000) 

10. Gills becoming bright orange, spore print bright 

orange; flesh bitter; cap blackish with KOH; spores 

roughened to warty, lacking an apical pore and 

lacking a plage: Genus Gymnopilus (see p. 000) 

10. Cap typically convex, 2½” (6.5 cm) wide at 

most, hygrophanous, usually with tiny white veil 

patches, especially near the margin; fibrous or 

membranous partial veil present when young; spore 

print pale yellowish to cinnamon-brown; spores 

smooth, lacking a pore: Genus Tubaria (see p. 000) 

10. Not as in any of the above choices: 11. 

11. Gill edges whitish, finely serrate; partial veil 

absent; cap minutely powdery or velvety; spores 

smooth, lacking an apical pore: Simocybe 

centunculus (Fries) Karsten (see p. 000) 

11. Cap typically glabrous; gills usually notched or 

slightly decurrent, often white-fringed; 

membranous partial veil present when young; stalk 

1/8" (3mm) thick at most; spores warty or at least 

roughened, but with a plage: Genus Galerina (see 

p.000) 

11. Cap usually scaly, often viscid; fibrous to 

membranous partial veil present, usually leaving a



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ring on the stalk or remnants on the cap margin; 

lower stalk scaly; mushrooms often robust and in 

large clusters on decaying wood; spores smooth, 

usually with an apiculus and/or an apical pore 

which, in some species, causes the spore to appear 

truncate: Genus Pholiota (see p. 000) 



almost pore-like at stalk, gill layer easily separable 

from cap flesh; spores smooth, lacking a pore: 

Paxillus involutus (Bataille : Fries) Fries (see p. 

000) 

12. Cap usually brown but sometimes white to 

yellowish or lilac; cap radially fibrous, often 

splitting at the margin, often umbonate, usually less 

than 2½” (6.5 cm) wide; gills with a pale-fringed 

edge; partial veil a cortina, rarely leaving a ring on 

the stalk; odor often spermatic, sometimes fruity; 

spores smooth to bumpy, sometimes angular, 

lacking an apical pore: Genus Inocybe (see p. 000) 

12. Gills becoming distinctly rust-colored, spore 

print distinctly rust-colored; young specimens with 

an obvious cortina, usually leaving at most a 

fibrous annular zone on the stalk; stalk often with a 

bulbous base; spores warty to finely wrinkled: 

Genus Cortinarius (see p. 000) 

12. Cap brownish yellow to yellowish brown with a 

white bloom, especially at the center; gills 

becoming distinctly rust-colored, spore print 

distinctly rust-colored; membranous partial veil 

present, leaving a membranous ring on the stalk; 

spores warty to wrinkled, dextrinoid: Rozites 

caperata (Fries) Karsten (see p. 000) 

12. Cap viscid; gills typically sinuate to notched, 

with a white margin; odor often radish-like; spores 

smooth, thick-walled, dextrinoid: Genus Hebeloma 

(see p. 000) 

12. Not as in any of the above choices; stalk 

slender and fragile or brittle: 13. 

12. Not as in any of the above choices; stalk neither 

fragile nor brittle: 14. 


brittle, easily snapping in half; partial veil



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13. Stalk quite slender and fragile but not brittle as 

described above; spores smooth, with an apical 

pore, the apex often flattened: Genus Conocybe 

(see p. 000) 

14. Cap slimy, brown, with dry fibrous scales; 

partial veil whitish, leaving remnants on the cap 

margin and sometimes leaving a ring on the stalk; 

stalk dark brown; growing in clusters on the 

ground; spores 4.5–7 x 3.5–4.5 µm, smooth, with a 

distinct apiculus and a minute but distinct apical 

pore: Pholiota terrestris Overholts 

14. Cap typically glabrous; gills usually notched or 

slightly decurrent, often white-fringed; 

membranous partial veil present when young; stalk 

1/8" (3 mm) thick at most; spores warty or at least 

roughened, with a plage: Genus Galerina (see p. 

000) 

14. Cap typically convex, 2½” (6.5 cm) wide at 

most, hygrophanous, usually with tiny white veil 

patches, especially near the margin; fibrous or 

membranous partial veil present when young; spore 

print pale yellowish to cinnamon-brown; spores 

smooth, lacking a pore: Genus Tubaria (see p. 000) 

15. Partial veil membranous (check young 

specimens): 16. 

15. Partial veil fibrous to cortinate (check young 

specimens): 17. 

15. Partial veil absent even in very young 

specimens: 18. 

16. Cap usually scaly, often viscid; gills attached; 

fibrous to membranous partial veil present, usually 

leaving a ring on the stalk or remnants on the cap 

margin; lower stalk scaly; often robust and in large 

clusters on decaying wood; spores smooth, usually 

with an apiculus and/or an apical pore which, in 

some species, causes the spore to appear truncate: 

Genus Pholiota (see p. 000) 

16. Cap usually thick-fleshed and robust; gills close 

to crowded, free or nearly so, white or pale gray at 

first often becoming pink and always turning dark 

brown to black with or without a purple tint when



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mature; stipe cleanly separable from the cap; spores 

smooth, lacking an apical pore or with only an 

obscure apical pore: Genus Agaricus (see p. 000) 

16. Cap usually thick-fleshed and robust, often 

cracked at maturity; gills attached; stalk usually 

thick and sturdy unless mushroom is small and 

growing in grass; usually found in troops or 

clusters in woody soil, on humus, dung, lawns, or 

especially on wood chips, but rarely on logs or 

stumps; spores smooth, typically with a wide pore: 

Genus Agrocybe (see p. 000) 

16. Cap glabrous and hygrophanous, often 

appearing zoned; usually in clusters on wood; 

spores smooth, usually with an apiculus and/or an 

apical pore which, in some species, causes the 

spore to appear truncate: Genus Pholiota (see p. 

000) 

17. Cap usually scaly, often viscid; fibrous to 

membranous partial veil present, usually leaving a 

ring on the stalk or remnants on the cap margin; 

lower stalk scaly; often robust and in large clusters 

on decaying wood; spores smooth, usually with an 

apiculus and/or an apical pore which, in some 

species, causes the spore to appear truncate: Genus 

Pholiota (see p. 000) 

17. Cap brown, sometimes white to yellowish or 

lilac, radially fibrous, often splitting at the margin, 

often umbonate, usually less than 2–½” (6.5 cm) 

wide; gills with a pale-fringed edge; partial veil a 

cortina, rarely leaving a ring on the stalk; odor 

often spermatic, sometimes fruity; spores smooth to 

bumpy, sometimes angular, lacking an apical pore: 

Genus Inocybe (see p. 000) 

17. Not as in either of the above choices: 19. 



almost pore-like at the stalk, gill layer easily 

separable from the cap flesh; spores smooth, 

lacking a pore: Genus Paxillus (see p. 000) 

18. Cap less than 2" (5 cm) wide, typically almost 

fleshless, distinctly striate, often splitting radially at 

maturity, usually with fine clear hairs (use a hand 

lens); gills typically well spaced; spores smooth, 

with an apical pore: Genus Coprinus (see p. 000)



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19. Cap glabrous, usually yellowish or with a 

yellow tint; gills pallid to greenish at first, 

becoming smoky gray at maturity; usually growing 

on wood or humus, or in moss; spores usually 

smooth with an apical pore: Genus Hypholoma (see 

p. 000) 

19. Cap viscid; gills typically sinuate to notched, 

with a white margin; odor often radish-like; spores 

smooth, thick-walled, dextrinoid: Genus Hebeloma 

(see p. 000) 

19. Cap margin adorned with long, coarse hairs; 

cap usually becoming sunken at the center in age; 

gills often crossveined, white to dull pinkish when 

young; stalk fragile, whitish, hollow; spores small 

(6 um maximum), round or nearly so, with minute 

spines or bumps: Ripartites tricholoma (Albertini 

and Schweinitz : Fries) Karsten 

20. Partial veil more or less membranous (check 

young specimens): 21. 

20. Partial veil more or less fibrous or cortinate 

(check young specimens): 22. 

20. Partial veil absent even in young specimens: 23. 

21. Cap 2" (5 cm) wide at most, surface dry, coated 

with short, erect, brown scales over a grayish 

brown to yellowish ground color; scales fragile, 

soon powdery and easily removed; gills free, bright 

to dark red, becoming brown; partial veil 

membranous, leaving remnants on the upper stalk 

and cap margin; stalk scurfy to nearly smooth; 

spore print dull red when fresh, drying purplish 

brown; spores 5–7 x 2–3 µm: Melanophyllum 

echinatum (Roth : Fries) Singer (see p. 000) 

21. Gills close, attached, often notched, edges often 

whitish, finely serrate; partial veil present, usually



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leaving a ring on the stalk and sometimes remnants 

on the cap margin; rhizomorphs often attached to 

base of stalk; spores smooth, with a truncate apical 

pore: Genus Stropharia (see p. 000) 






22. Cap smooth, usually viscid; gill edges smooth, 

often remaining whitish at maturity; partial veil 

sparce, fibrous, usually evident only in young 

specimens, not leaving a ring; stalk often staining 

blue to greenish blue when bruised; spores smooth, 

with a truncate apical pore: Genus Psilocybe (see p. 

000) 


23. Cap usually thick-fleshed and robust; gills close 

to crowded, free or nearly so, white or pale gray at 

first often becoming pink and always turning dark 

brown to black with or without a purple tint when 

mature; stipe cleanly separable from the cap; spores 

smooth, without an apical pore or with only an 

obscure apical pore: Genus Agaricus (see p. 000) 





23. Cap glabrous, usually yellowish or with a 

yellow tint; gills pallid to greenish at first, 

becoming smoky gray at maturity; partial veil 

evident or not; usually growing on wood, humus, or 

in moss; spores usually smooth with an apical pore: 

Genus Hypholoma (see p. 000) 

24. Gills thick, widely spaced and distinctly 

decurrent, yellowish to orange or salmon at first; 

flesh of lower stalk colored buff to orange; spores 

smooth, long and narrow; flesh amyloid: Genus 

Chroogomphus (see p. 000) 

24. Cap viscid or slimy; gills thick, widely spaced 

and distinctly descending the stalk, white or whitish 

at first; flesh white; spores smooth, cylindric; flesh 

inamyloid: Genus Gomphidius (see p. 000)



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25. Gills extremely crowded; gills and sometimes 

cap dissolving into a black ink-like fluid at 

maturity; spores smooth, with an apical pore: 

Genus Coprinus (see p. 000) 





25. Cap smooth, dry to viscid, usually gray to 

brown or black; faces of gills becoming 

black-dotted in age, edges often whitish; partial veil 

absent; typically found on dung or in manured 

areas such as pastures, but sometimes on soil or in 

moss; spores smooth, with a flattened end and an 

apical pore: Genus Panaeolus (see p. 000) 

25. Cap less than 2" (5 cm) wide, typically almost 

fleshless, distinctly striate, often splitting radially at 

maturity, usually with fine clear hairs (use a hand 

lens); gills typically well spaced; spores smooth, 

with an apical pore: Genus Coprinus (see p. 000) 

26. Spore print white to cream: 28. 

26. Spore print yellowish; cap smooth to finely 

velvety in age, up to 4" (10 cm) wide, variously 

yellow to green or purple in color; gills yellow, 

neither forked nor crossveined; mushroom tough, 

not decaying readily; found only in autumn after 

frosts, on decaying wood; spores smooth, 

sausage-shaped, amyloid: Panellus serotinus 

(Fries) Kühner (see p. 000) 

26. Spore print yellowish olive to olive-yellow 

when fresh, drying yellowish cinnamon; cap 

smooth to finely velvety, 3" (7.5 cm) wide at most, 

yellow overall; gills orangish yellow, forked, 

crossveined and distinctly corrugated, wrinkled or 

wavy; gill layer easily separable from the cap flesh; 

odor unpleasant; spores ellipsoid, smooth, 

inamyloid: Paxillus corrugatus Atkinson (see p. 

000) 

26. Spore print yellow or yellowish; cap greenish 

yellow to brownish; gills yellow, forked and 

crossveined and only slightly corrugate or wrinkled 

at most; gill layer easily separable from cap flesh;



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spores elliptic, smooth, inamyloid or dextrinoid: 

Paxillus panuoides (Fries : Fries) Fries (see p. 000) 

26. Spore print pale yellowish cream to orangish 

yellow; otherwise not as in the previous choice; 

spores smooth, cylindric, inamyloid: Genus 

Lentinus (see p. 000) 

26. Spore print buff to pink to salmon or pinkish 

brown: 27. 

26. Spore print light grayish lilac; spores smooth, 

cylindric or nearly so, inamyloid: Genus Pleurotus 

(see p. 000) 

26. Spore print dull brown to yellowish brown or 

pinkish brown; spores smooth to roughened or 

appearing dotted, globose to elliptic or 

almond-shaped, inamyloid: Genus Crepidotus (see 

p. 000) 

27. Cap about 1–3" (2.5–7.5 cm) wide, 

flesh-colored to apricot to reddish pink, surface 

wrinkled, veined or netted; gills attached; 

mushroom growing on wood; spores globose or 

nearly so, minutely warty or spiny, inamyloid: 

Rhodotus palmatus (Bulliard : Fries) Maire (see p. 

000) 

27. Cap distinctly fuzzy, yellow to orange; spores 

smooth, cylindric, inamyloid: Phyllotopsis nidulans 

(Persoon : Fries) Singer (see p. 000) 

27. Growing on other mushrooms; spores smooth, 

angular in all views: Claudopus parasiticus 

(Quélet) Ricken (see p. 000) 

27. Not as in either of the above choices; odor often 

farinaceous; spores more or less elliptic, with 

longitudinal ridges, appearing angular only in end 

view: Genus Clitopilus (see p. 000) 

27. Odor not farinaceous; spores distinctly angular 

in all views: Genus Claudopus (see p. 000) 

27. Macroscopically not as in any of the above 

choices; spores smooth to roughened or appearing 

dotted, globose to elliptic or almond-shaped, 

inamyloid: Genus Crepidotus (see p. 000) 

28. Cap and gills orange overall; gills somewhat 

decurrent, repeatedly and regularly forked but not 

crossveined; growing on or about decaying conifer 

wood or needle litter; spores elliptic to cylindric,



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smooth, mostly dextrinoid: Hygrophoropsis 

aurantiaca (Wulfen : Fries) Maire (see p. 000) 

28. Gill edges appearing distinctly white-fringed 

(use a hand lens); spores smooth, inamyloid, 

usually elliptic; gills with prominent cheilocystidia: 

Genus Tricholomopsis (see p. 000) 

28. All parts staining or bruising blackish; spores 

smooth to finely warty or spiny, round to elliptic or 

cylindric but sometimes appearing triangular, 

inamyloid: Genus Lyophyllum (see p. 000) 

28. Gills strongly decurrent; entire mushroom 

orange overall, normally luminescing green when 

fresh (view in complete darkness for five–ten 

minutes); spores smooth, globose to subglobose, 

inamyloid: Omphalotus olearius (De Candolle : 

Fries) Singer (see p. 000) 


29. Cap white to gray or brownish, smooth to 

minutely velvety or scaly; flesh typically 

gelatinized or rubbery; gill edges neither serrate nor 

fringed (use a hand lens); spores smooth or 

appearing finely pitted or dotted, inamyloid: Genus 

Hohenbuehelia (see p. 000) 

29. Cap hairy to scaly, tan to pale brown, less than 

1½” (4 cm) wide; mushroom tough, not decaying 

readily; taste quite acrid; normally luminescing 

green when fresh (view in complete darkness for 

five–ten minutes); spores smooth, sausage-shaped, 

amyloid: Panellus stipticus (Bulliard : Fries) 

Karsten (see p. 000) 

29. Cap dry, finely hairy, bluish black, typically 

less than ½” (1.3 cm) wide; flesh 

rubbery-gelatinous; gills gray to nearly black; 

found on the undersurface of decaying logs; spores 

round, smooth, inamyloid: Resupinatus applicatus 

(Bataille : Fries) S.F. Gray (see p. 000) 

29. Not as in any of the above choices; gills serrate 

and/or cap leathery to corky: 30. 

29. Not as in any of the above choices; gills not 

serrate; cap not leathery to corky: 31. 

30. Gills purplish, not serrate; stalk, if present, very 

tough and usually hairy; spores smooth, elliptic, 

inamyloid: Genus Lentinus (see p. 000)



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30. Gills decurrent, serrate; taste bitter or acrid; 

spores finely warted or spiny, amyloid: Genus 

Lentinellus (see p. 000) 

31. Cap brown, less than 1" (2.5 cm) wide, 

becoming minutely velvety to hairy in age; thin, 

membranous partial veil present in very young 

specimens; spores smooth, cylindric, weakly 

amyloid: Tectella patellaris (Fries) Murrill (see p. 

000) 

31. Cap more or less white, fairly robust, up to 6" 

(15 cm) wide, typically cracked or with visible 

water spots in age; stalk present; usually growing 

on living hardwoods; spore print cream; spores 

smooth, globose to elliptic, inamyloid: Genus 

Hypsizygus (see p. 000) 

31. Cap usually smooth, white to brown, up to 6" 

(15 cm) or more wide, thick-fleshed; gills 

decurrent, broad, white to cream; spore print white 

to cream or grayish lilac; spores more or less 

cylindric, smooth, inamyloid: Pleurotus ostreatus 

complex (see p. 000) 

31. Cap 4" (10 cm) wide at most, white, 

thin-fleshed, pliant; spore print white; gills narrow, 

crowded, white to yellowish; stalk virtually absent; 

typically found in groups or almost clustered on 

dead conifer logs, especially hemlock; spores 

globose or nearly so, smooth, inamyloid: 

Pleurocybella porrigens (Persoon : Fries) Singer 

(see p. 000) 

31. Cap white, less than 1" (2.5 cm) wide, smooth 

to minutely hairy, soft-fleshed; gills finely fringed 

(use a hand lens); spores round to rounded-angular, 

inamyloid: Cheimonophyllum candidissimus 

(Berkeley and Curtis) Singer (see p. 000) 

31. Cap 1" (2.5 cm) wide at most, usually white to 

brown or purplish; stalk, if present, rudimentary, 

typically minutely velvety: Genus Panellus (see p. 

000) 

32. Gill edges serrate (use a hand lens): 33. 

32. Gills repeatedly and regularly forked: 34. 

32. Not as in either of the above choices; partial 

veil present: 35. 

32. Not as in any of the above choices; partial veil


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absent: 36. 


33. Flesh bitter or acrid; spores finely warted or 

spiny, amyloid: Genus Lentinellus (see p. 000) 

33. Flesh mild to bitter; spores smooth, inamyloid: 

Genus Lentinus (see p. 000) 

34. Cap gray overall, 3" (7.5 cm) wide at most; 

gills staining reddish; growing in haircap moss; 

spores smooth, somewhat spindle-shaped, amyloid: 

Cantharellula umbonata (Gmelin : Fries) Singer 

(see p. 000) 

34. Cap and gills orange overall; gills somewhat 

decurrent, repeatedly and regularly forked but not 

crossveined; growing on or about decaying conifer 

wood or needle litter; spores elliptic to cylindric, 

smooth, mostly dextrinoid: Hygrophoropsis 

aurantiaca (Wulfen : Fries) Maire (see p. 000) 

34. Cap pinkish at first, fading to buff; gills 

decurrent, white to pinkish, some distinctly forked, 

typically crossveined; growing on or about 

decaying conifer wood or needle litter; odor 

strongly fragrant, reminiscent of bubble gum; 

spores 3–5 x 2–3 µm, elliptic, smooth, dextrinoid; 

edibility unknown: Hygrophoropsis olida (Quélet) 

Métrod 

35. Solitary to clustered on deciduous wood; gills 

decurrent, white discoloring yellowish, covered at 

first by a white membranous veil; cap 2–5" (5–12.5 

cm) wide, coated with tiny matted grayish fibrils on 

a whitish ground color, becoming slightly scurfy 

and whitish to dull yellowish tan overall in age; 

flesh white; odor fragrant to slightly pungent; taste 

not distinctive; stalk eccentric to central, whitish, 

sometimes with a sparse, membranous, white, 

superior ring; edible: Pleurotus dryinus (Persoon : 

Fries) Kummer 

35. Cap and lower stalk densely coated with rusty 

brown, pointed, recurved scales, dry, margin 

incurved and often remaining so at maturity, coated 

with rusty brown fibers; gills notched, close, white, 

edges finely scalloped; spores 5–6 x 3.5–4 um, 

elliptic, smooth, hyaline, amyloid; scattered, in 

groups or clusters on decaying wood; edibility 

unknown: Leucopholiota decorosa (Peck) O.K. 

Miller, Jr., Volk and Bessette



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35. Cap yellow to tan or brown, with erect hairs at 

least over the center; gills attached, usually slightly 

decurrent; ring usually prominent, often yellow- to 

brown-edged; typically found in large clusters on 

or about dead trees; spores smooth to very finely 

wrinkled, inamyloid: Genus Armillaria (see p. 000) 

35. Lower stalk markedly swollen, cylindric to 

club-shaped, mostly buried; spores smooth, elliptic, 

inamyloid: Squamanita umbonata (Sumstine) Bas 

(see p. 000) 

35. Partial veil distinctly two-layered, essentially 

composed of two separate partial veils: 

Catathelasma ventricosa (Peck) Singer (see p. 000) 

35. Not as in any of the above choices; found on 

the ground, usually under conifers, aspen or oak 

trees: Genus Tricholoma (see p. 000) 

36. Found growing on other mushrooms or on 

decaying remains of other mushrooms: 37. 

36. Found growing on cones or nut hulls: 38. 


37. Gills close; stalk attached to a reddish brown, 

apple seed-like tuber; spores smooth, elliptic, 

inamyloid: Collybia tuberosa (Bulliard : Fries) 

Kummer (see p. 000) 

37. As in the previous choice except tuber 

yellowish orange, more or less round; spores 

smooth, elliptic to oval or lacrymoid, inamyloid: 

Collybia cookei (Bresadola) Arnold (see p. 000) 

37. Gills widely spaced and poorly formed or 

absent; cap covered with brown powder when 

mature; spores smooth, oval, inamyloid: 

Asterophora lycoperdoides (Bulliard : Merat) 

Ditmar in Link (see p. 000) 

37. Gills well formed; cap silky, not powdery, 

white to grayish or pale tan; spores smooth, elliptic, 

inamyloid: Asterophora parasitica (Bulliard : 

Fries) Singer (see p. 000) 

38. Found on pine cones or other conifer cones; 

gills white, crowded and narrow; base of stalk with 

long, coarse hairs; spores smooth, elliptic, less than 

5 um long, amyloid: Baeospora myosura (Fries) 

Singer (see p. 000)



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38. Found on walnut hulls; spores smooth to 

minutely roughened, elliptic, amyloid: Mycena 

luteopallens (Peck) Saccardo (see p. 000) 

38. Found on magnolia cones or sweetgum fruit; 

spores smooth, elliptic, inamyloid: Strobilurus 

conigenoides (Ellis) Singer (see p. 000) 

39. Cap pinkish at first, fading to buff; gills 

decurrent, white to pinkish, some distinctly forked, 

typically crossveined; growing on or about dead 

conifer wood, needles, etc.; odor strongly fragrant, 

reminiscent of bubble gum; spores 3–5 x 2–3 um, 

elliptic, smooth, dextrinoid; edibility unknown: 

Hygrophoropsis olida (Quélet) Métrod 

39. Not as in the previous choice; growing on 

stumps, logs, or twigs, etc: 40. 

39. Not as in either of the previous choices; 

growing on the ground, twigs, needles, leaves, 

humus: 43. 

40. Cap 3" (7.5 cm) wide at most, stalk 3/16" (5 

mm) wide at most: 41. 

40. Growing in clusters of 10 or more specimens; 

caps yellowish to pinkish brown, with minute erect 

hairs at the center; gills slightly decurrent; stalk 

base usually tapered; spores smooth, inamyloid: 

Armillaria tabescens (Scopoli) Emel (see p. 000) 

40. Entire mushroom very tough, fibrous to 

leathery or corky, purplish when young, becoming 

tan to brown in age; cap smooth; stalk finely hairy 

when young; spores smooth, inamyloid: Lentinus 

torulosus (Persoon : Fries) Lloyd (see p. 000) 

40. Entire mushroom very tough, fibrous to 

leathery or corky, usually found growing on living 

hardwoods; cap surface smooth at first, becoming 

cracked and/or water-spotted at maturity; spores 

smooth, globose to elliptic, inamyloid: Genus 

Hypsizygus (see p. 000) 


41. Cap and stalk bright yellow, gills cream to 

yellow; cap scurfy to granular-mealy; growing on 

decaying deciduous logs or sticks; spores smooth, 

oval to elliptic, inamyloid: Cyptotrama asprata 

(Berkeley) Redhead and Ginns (see p. 000)



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41. Gills extremely crowded, lavender; cap also 

lavender or lavender-tinted, at least when young; 

spores smooth, amyloid: Baeospora myriadophylla 

(Peck) Singer (see p. 000) 

41. Cap 1/2-1/1/2" (1.2-4 cm) wide, zoned with 

long radially arranged hairs; gills close, narrow, 

nearly free from the stalk; stalk hairy, hollow; 

spores 4-6 x 3-5 um; on decaying hardwood: 

Crinipellis zonata (Peck) Patouillard (see p. 000) 

41. Cap 5/16-5/8" (8-15 mm) wide, entire fruiting 

body very similar to the previous choice, cap 

depressed over the disc with a tiny nipple-like 

projection at maturity; flesh whitish, odor spicy or 

not distinctive, taste not distinctive; spores 6-9 x 

4-6 µm; scattered or in groups on decaying stems 

and leaves of grasses and other plants, sometimes 

on twigs; edibility unknown: Crinipellis scabella 

(Albertini and Schweinitz : Fries) Murrill = C. 

stipitaria (Fries) Patouillard 


42. Usually growing in clusters of 10 or more 

specimens; caps viscid, yellowish brown to reddish 

brown; stalk dark brown and velvety at the base; 

spores smooth, elliptic, inamyloid: Flammulina 

velutipes (Fries) Karsten (see p. 000) 

42. Cap fibrous to finely scaly, usually yellow to 

reddish orange; flesh typically distinctly yellowish; 

gills often yellowish or orangish, gill edges often 

appearing ragged or fringed; spores smooth, 

inamyloid: Genus Tricholomopsis (see p. 000) 


43. Cap cuticle like a thick, rubbery membrane; 

gills white, sometimes with darker edges; stalk with 

a long, tapering tap root; spores smooth to finely 

roughened, oval to elliptic to lemon- or 

almond-shaped, sometimes with a prominent 

apiculus, inamyloid: Genus Xerula (see p. 000) 

43. Mushroom typically white overall; cap dry, 

smooth, thick-fleshed; gill layer readily separable 

from flesh of the cap; base of stalk attached to 

copious white mycelium which binds together a 

substantial mass of dead leaves/needles etc.; odor 

often disagreeable or farinaceous; taste bitter or



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farinaceous; spores amyloid-warted to variously 

amyloid-ornamented, plage absent: Genus 

Leucopaxillus (see p. 000) 

43. Cap often pinkish, usually finely scaly when 

dry; gills attached to decurrent, pinkish or 

flesh-colored to purplish, usually appearing thick 

and/or waxy; stalk fibrous, tough; spores 

inamyloid, minutely spiny except smooth in one 

species: Genus Laccaria (see p. 000) 

43. Cap variously colored, often scaly or viscid but 

sometimes smooth and/or dry; gills sinuate with 

few exceptions, usually white, yellow or grayish; 

spores smooth, fusoid to subglobose, inamyloid (if 

amyloid, see Porpoloma umbrosum, p. 000): Genus 

Tricholoma (see p. 000) 


44. Cap gray to grayish brown, with darker radial 

fibers; gills white, very broad; stalk white, with 

thick white cords attached to the base; found on or 

about well-decayed logs and stumps; spores oval, 

smooth, inamyloid: Megacollybia platyphylla 

(Persoon : Fries) Kotlaba and Pouzar (see p. 000) 

44. Cap usually white, gray, tan, brown, not 

typically colorful, often sunken to funnel-like; gills 

thin, usually distinctly decurrent; spores smooth to 

finely warty, typically inamyloid (amyloid in only a 

few species): Genus Clitocybe (see p. 000) 

44. Cap variously colored, usually flat at maturity, 

margin typically incurved to inrolled at first; gills 

variously attached but never decurrent, typically 

white, narrow and close; stalk slender but not 

hair-like; spores smooth, inamyloid or dextrinoid, 

usually elliptic to lacrymoid: Genus Collybia (see 

p. 000) 

44. Cap variously colored, typically 2" (5 cm) wide 

at most, often conic or bell-shaped, cap margin 

usually striate when fresh; gills variously attached; 

stalk typically slender, 1/8" (3 mm) thick, and 

fragile; spores smooth, amyloid or inamyloid: 

Genus Mycena (see p. 000) 


45. Dried mushrooms reviving when moistened; 

cap convex to umbilicate to radially grooved, like



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an umbrella, smooth to finely velvety, white, gray 

or brown to orangish or reddish; flesh typically so 

thin as to be virtually nonexistent; gills variously 

attached to the stalk or to a collar; stalk typically 

bristle-like, always thin, less than 1/16" (2 mm) 

thick; usually growing on dead plant matter (wood, 

leaves, needles, etc.); spores smooth, cylidrinic to 

oval, inamyloid: Genus Marasmius and Allies (see 

p. 000) 

45. Cap smooth, convex to flat, often with an 

umbo, texture like leather, white to yellowish to 

dark brown, often hygrophanous; gills crowded, 

attached, never decurrent, white; stalk usually tall, 

slender, longitudinally-striate; often found on 

humus, sometimes on lawns, never on decaying 

wood; spores warty, with a plage, amyloid: Genus 

Melanoleuca (see p. 000) 

45. Cap flesh-pink to pale vinaceous pink, 

becoming pale pinkish brown to pinkish tan or 

yellowish tan at the center, less than 2" (5 cm) 

wide; margin usually inrolled at first; flesh thin, 

white; gills white to cream, close to crowded, 

attached at first, becoming decurrent in age, finely 

scalloped, becoming eroded in age; stalk less than 

2" (5 cm) long, no more than ¼” (7 mm) thick, 

pink overall at first, becoming dingy yellow to 

yellowish tan, with a narrow white zone at the 

apex, typically coated with long white hairs near or 

at the base; often growing in clusters; spores 

smooth, elliptic to oval, inamyloid: Calocybe 

persicolor (see p. 000) 

45. As above except cap bright pale pink to 

flesh-pink becoming yellowish tan; stalk base 

sometimes coated with shorter matted whitish 

fibrils; not growing in clusters: Calocybe carnea 

(Bulliard : Fries) Donk (see comments under 

Calocybe persicolor, p. 000) 

45. Cap fleshy, white to grayish to brownish, often 

bruising blackish; sometimes abundant in a small 

area, often clustered; gills variously attached, but 

often staining and/or bruising blackish; usually 

growing in woody dirt or on dirty wood; spores 

variously shaped, smooth or ornamented, 

inamyloid: Genus Lyophyllum (see p. 000)




WEBSITE INDEX 



Preface 



Sample Illustrations and Descriptions 








is part of 


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Dave Fischer's North American Mushroom Basics 

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Dave Fischer's 

North American 

Mushroom Basics 

Real Answers About Mushrooms 

I N D E X 

Ecology -- Reproduction -- Edibility -- Identification -- 

Danger -- Mushroom Names -- Hallucinogens -- 

Kombucha -- Cultivation -- Further Resources -- Books -- 

Mycological Societies (Mushroom Clubs) 

What is a mushroom? 

Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of certain fungi---the 

equivalent of the apple, not of the tree. Fungi, including 

those which produce mushrooms, are not plants; they are 

related to molds, mildews, rusts, smuts, and yeasts, and 

are classified in the Fungi Kingdom. 

The fungal organism which produces the mushrooms you 

encounter on your lawn or in the forest is called a 

mycelium. It is composed of hyphae, which are "chains" 

of fungal cells (singular: hypha). 

The mycelium itself is typically hidden in a 

substrate---within dead wood, for example, or in the soil. 

There, hidden, it secretes enzymes to digest organic 

matter, and the hyphal cells absorb nutrients through their



cell walls. Depending on the species and the 

circumstances, the mycelium may be quite small, 

contained for example within the hull of a single black 

walnut; or it may be remarkably huge---some cover many 

acres of forest floor. 

If a mycelium thrives, eventually it will have enough 

energy to reproduce. When conditions are "just so"---a 

combination of day length, heat, humidity, and other 

factors---the mycelium will generate new hyphae which, 

within several weeks, will develop into the highly 

organized structure we call a mushroom. NOTE: not all 

fungi produce mushrooms; some reproduce asexually, at a 

microscopic level. 

The slang term "toadstool" is best avoided, as it is 

ambiguous: to some people, "toadstool" implies a 

poisonous mushroom; to others, it means a mushroom 

with an umbrella-like shape. 

Mushrooms take many physical forms or shapes in 

addition to the familiar umbrella-like "cap-and-stalk" 

structure most people picture when the word "mushroom" 

is mentioned. Some mushrooms look like balls; marine 

coral; cups or saucers; shelflike growths on trees, logs or 

stumps; sponges; bushes; or even cauliflower. 

Here is the best definition of the term "mushroom" as 

applied by mycologists (those who study fungi), 

mycophiles (those who love fungi), mycophagists (those 

who eat fungi), and consumer books on mushrooms and 

other fungi: 

MUSHROOM: a structure, produced by a 

fungus, that is large enough to be visible to 

the naked eye and has as its primary function 

the production of sexual reproductive spores. 

Fungi rot dead things, right? 

Yes, but that's just the tip of the fungal ecology iceberg! 

Many fungi decompose dead organic matter such as 

leaves, wood, feces, etc. Many fungi are uniquely adapted 

to decomposing lignin---the hard "skeletal" tissue of 

wood. No other organisms can efficiently do this. But 

other fungi have other ecological roles, and few people 

know about the importance of that!





For example, many species of fungi are mycorrhizal (the 

term translates to "fungus-root"); rather than merely 

decomposing organic matter for a living, they have a vital 

symbiotic relationship with trees and other green plants. 

At least 90% of all land plants, including all trees, have 

mycorrhizal fungi! The plant "feeds" the fungus some of 

the carbohydrates it makes through photosynthesis; the 

fungus dramatically increases the tree's roots' absorption 

of water and certain essential minerals, such as 

phosphorus and magnesium, which the plants have poor 

access to without their fungal partner's help. 

Without mycorrhizal fungi, most plants---including the 

grass on your lawn---would not survive and thrive! 

(That's why "chemical lawn services" will not apply 

fungicides to eliminate mushrooms for homeowners who 

don't like "toadstools" on their lawns---the chemicals 

would also kill the essential beneficial fungi.) 

Other fungi have a different role: they infect and kill 

things---insects, trees, even people (sometimes, and 

especially those with weakened immune systems)---for a 

living. Fungi cause most diseases of insects, as well as 

many diseases of trees and other plants. 

Some fungi have evolved to take advantage of multiple 

food sources. For example, the Oyster Mushrooms you 

can buy fresh at many grocery stores break down and 

digest cellulose, but they have also developed 

mechanisms for literally trapping and then eating tiny 

little "worms" called nematodes; this gives them access to 

extra nitrogen. 

How do fungi reproduce? 

The Easy Stuff 


Instead of seeds, fungi produce spores. In the case of 

fungi which produce mushrooms, that's the sole purpose 

of the mushroom---it is a spore-producing structure. 

(Some fungi produce spores differently, without 

producing a visible structure that could be called a 

mushroom.) 

The "body" of the fungus is called the mycelium. It is a 

tangled network of microscopically-thin filaments called






hyphae, and it is typically hidden---in the humus on the 

forest floor, within decomposing wood, wrapped around 

the rootlets of a green plant, or wherever else serves as its 

dining room. 

When conditions are right (humidity, day length, 

humidity, temperature, etc.) a fungus will produce new 

hyphae that are far more organized than those in the 

mycelium: a mushroom. This process takes longer than 

most people think---typically several weeks or more from 

the time the mushroom first starts forming until the time it 

is able to produce spores. 

The More Technical Stuff 

or you may... Skip it! 

Most mushrooms are 

Basidiomycetes. Specialized 

cells called basidia (singular: 

basidium) produce the spores, 

which are more specifically 

called basidiospores, on tiny 

projections called sterigmata 

(singular: sterigma). (Some 

mushrooms---most notably the 

morels and related "cup 

mushrooms"---are 

Ascomycetes; they produce 

spores differently, within 

tube-like cells called asci 

(singular: ascus.) 

If two basidiospores of the 

same species are lucky enough 

to germinate into primary or monokaryotic mycelia (each 

cell of which has one nucleus---see "A" and "B" in the 

illustration) in close proximity to each other, they can 

"mate" by forming a secondary mycelium with two nuclei 

per cell. This secondary or dikaryotic mycelium (see "C" 

in the illustration) is capable of eventually producing 

more mushrooms. 

It is in the basidium that meiosis and keryogamy occur... 

in short, two nuclei become four---one for each of the 

four spores each basidium produces. (There are some 

exceptions to this, i.e. mushrooms whose basidia typically 

produce only two spores each.)



Do all mushrooms grow in the dark? 

NO. Many mushrooms (for example, those sought-after 

springtime delicacies called morels) require direct 

sunlight. Little-known fact: several kinds of mushrooms 

GLOW in the dark! 

How many kinds (species) of 

mushrooms are there? 

It is estimated that there are at least 10,000 species in 

North America alone. 

How many of them are edible? 

About 250 North American species are known to be 

edible, and a similar number are known to be poisonous; 

the rest we're not sure about. NOTE: Most of the 

common, attractive mushrooms are known to be either 

edible or toxic. 

How do you identify mushrooms? 

Many species are very difficult to identify correctly, often 

requiring microscopic study and scientific books (and 

there are still plenty of species that haven't even been 

named yet!). On the other hand, many---including some 

wonderful edibles such as morels and puffballs---are 

rather easy to learn. Still, one MUST be careful. 

Identifying mushrooms requires you to study the 

specimens---size, color, odor, form of growth (in clusters 

or singly), habitat (growing on a pine log vs. growing on 

a lawn), and time of year are all important clues to a 

mushroom's identity. 

The stalk must be examined very carefully---is there a 

ring of tissue (technically called an annulus) on the upper 

stalk? Is there a cup-like sac (a volva) around the very



base of the stalk? (The latter is a feature of the often-fatal 

Death Cap (Amanita phalloides) and Destroying Angel 

(Amanita virosa) mushrooms.) 

With most mushrooms, a very important character to 

consider is the spore print color. Though spores are 

microscopic, mushrooms produce millions of them. If you 

cut the stalk off a mushroom and place the cap 

right-side-up on a sheet of clear plastic (white paper can 

be used, but clear plastic is better for viewing a pale spore 

print) and cover it with a bowl and leave it overnight, it 

will usually deposit millions of spores, and you can see 

their color en masse. 

Never "identify" a mushroom to eat by simply 

matching it to a picture! The specimen must be carefully 

compared to the description, including spore print color, 

etc. 

● A brief illustrated on-line treatise on the art of 

mushroom identification will soon be available for 

your perusal. 

Is it dangerous to eat wild 

mushrooms? 

How dangerous is it to drive a car? If you're drunk or 

careless, it is VERY dangerous; if you're sensible and pay 

attention, it is reasonably safe. Most mushroom hunters 

have never even gotten sick from eating wild mushrooms. 

It is a good principle for the novice to stick to the most 

easily identified edibles, such as morels, puffballs, and a 

few others. 

Newspaper reports of serious mushroom poisonings often 

refer to the victims as "experienced mushroom hunters." 

But, as a rule, they don't even know what a spore print is; 

they just think they know what a certain edible mushroom 

looks like. Most victims of life-threatening mushroom 

poisoning in North America are people from Southeast 

Asia; they mistake Death Caps (Amanita phalloides) for 

edible "Paddy-Straw" (Volvariella volvacea) mushrooms. 

The two are similar in several ways---cap color, size, and 

the white "cup" around the base of the stalk---but 

different in others (for example, the Paddy-Straw has a 

pink spore print, the Death Cap a white spore print; and 

the Death Cap has a partial veil). The Paddy Straw



mushroom occurs in tropical and temperate areas 

worldwide; the Death Cap, alas, does not occur in 

Southeast Asia, so folks from that part of the world are 

unaware of the lethal "look-alike." 

An Important Note About Mushroom 

Names 

Amateur mycologists soon learn that using "common" 

names for mushrooms is a tricky business, as each field 

guide seems to have its own set of "common" names. The 

least confusing "common" names for North American 

mushrooms are those presented by Gary Lincoff's 

Audubon Society Field Guide to North American 

Mushrooms and David Aurora's Mushrooms Demystified 

(for western North America). 

To minimize confusion, amateur mycologists rely on the 

scientific names of mushrooms. At first, this may seem 

intimidating, but in reality the scientific names are no 

more difficult than some we all know: Tyrannosaurus, 

Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus. 

An Important Note About Wild 

Hallucinogenic Mushrooms 

While many mycologists will privately confess that they 

have had postitive experiences with hallucinogenic 

mushrooms, here is a word to the wise: Take it slow! 

Contrary to popular opinion (at least in some circles), 

"bad trips" are as much a danger with Psilocybin and 

other psychoactive mushrooms as they are with LSD. A 

good percentage of mushroom poisoning cases involve 

victims who thought they were going to have good 

"recreational" or "spiritual" experiences but ended up 

either having "bad trips" or eating something dangerously 

toxic. 

If you are committed to finding and eating hallucinogenic 

mushrooms, prepare to learn a lot first---or risk paying an 

exorbitant price for making a serious mistake!


An Important Note About 

"Kombucha" 

First, Kombucha is not a mushroom; second; because of 

numerous reports of servious adverse effects, I do not 

recommend it to anyone. Read what mushroom 

cultivation expert Paul Stamets of Fungi Perfecti has to 

say about this odd and risky blob. 

Interested in Cultivating Mushrooms? 

No one knows mushroom cultivation better than Paul 

Stamets of Fungi Perfecti. 

Further Resources 

The study of mushrooms and other fungi is a fascinating 

area for amateur naturalists. There are three ways to learn 

more, and combining the three is the best way to learn: 

1. Mushroom Books; 

2. Classes; and 

3. Mycological Societies (Mushroom Clubs) 

Mushroom Books 


There are many mushroom field guides available for 

North America; the following are some of the most 

popular ones. 

● The Audubon Society Field Guide to North 

American Mushrooms by Gary H. Lincoff (Knopf; 

1981). A handy, portable book with more than 700 

full-color photographs. 

● 

A Field Guide to Mushrooms of North America 

(Vol. 34 of the Peterson Field Guide Series), by 

Kent H. and Vera B. McKnight (Houghton-Mifflin;



● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

● 

1987). Also portable, with more than 700 paintings 

and drawings of mushrooms. NOTE: the 

"common" names used in this book are mostly 

anything but "common;" also, the numerous 

warnings ("do not eat/taste any wild mushroom 

without first obtaining an expert opinion...") are a 

bit much. 

Mushrooms of North America by Roger Phillips 

(Little, Brown & Co.; 1991). A voluminous book 

with over 1,000 species illustrated, recommend 

only as a "supplementary" book because of the lack 

of thorough introductory info and keys. 

Edible Wild Mushrooms of North America: A 

Field-to-Kitchen Guide by David W. Fischer and 

Alan E. Bessette (Univ. of Texas Press, 1992). The 

mushroom book specifically designed to answer the 

question, "Can I eat it?" 

Mushrooms Demystified by David Arora ([second 

edition] Ten Speed Press; 1986). Written for the 

West Coast, this book nonetheless has extensive 

keys, including many species that occur elsewhere 

in North America. It also has more comprehensive 

general information than any other mushroom 

book, including a wonderfully helpful guide to the 

meanings of mushrooms' scientific names. 

All That the Rain Promises, and More . . . : A Hip 

Pocket Guide to Western Mushrooms by David 

Arora (Ten Speed Press, 1991). Both 'hip' and 

pocketable, this is a companion guide to 

Mushrooms Demystified. 

Mushrooms of Northeastern North America by 

Alan E. Bessette, Arleen R. Bessette and David W. 

Fischer (1997, Syracuse Univ. Press). This 

five-pound book includes 642 color photos and 

keys to some 1,500 species. (For the purposes of 

this book, the "Northeast" is east of the Rockies 

and from Tennessee and North Carolina 

northward.) 

Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mushrooms is not a 

good choice for use as a field guide in North



America; it is a translation of an Italian work, 

hence is not a very useful identification manual for 

this continent. It is, however, a great 

general-interest mushroom book, with excellent 

introductory information. 

Classes and Conferences 

Classes in mushroom identification, taught by qualified 

experts, are a great way to learn more. Contact your local 

college's biology department to see what they have to 

offer, or link to the Directory of Mycologists Online to try 

to find a mycologist near you. You might also try nature 

centers; botanical gardens; cooperative extension offices; 

museums; and other educational organizations. 

Some mycological organizations sponsor annual 

conferences (called 'forays') complete with field trips, 

workshops and lectures. The only one with a website is 

The North American Mycological Association (NAMA). 

Mycological Societies (Mushroom Clubs) 

The North American Mycological Association (NAMA) 

has numerous membership benefits, including 

publications and multimedia programs. 

Mike Wood has an online directory of North American 

mushroom clubs which can be accessed from Myko Web. 

Copyright ©1997, 1998 by David W. Fischer. All rights 

reserved. This site maintained by David W. Fischer, 

whose e-mail address is basidium@aol.com 

is part of





The Death Cap (Amanita phalloides) in North America 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/deathcap.html (1 of 11) [5/3/2004 9:38:06 PM] 

The Death Cap 

Amanita phalloides 

The World's Most Dangerous Mushroom 

Written and produced by David. W. Fischer 

Photographs of Amanita phalloides by Fred Stevens 

W E B P A G E I N D E X 

Introduction 

"The Southeast Asian Problem" 

Causes of Serious Mushroom Poisonings 

Second Photo 

Description of the Death Cap 

Ecology and Range of A. phalloides in North America 

Equally Toxic North American Mushrooms 

The Destroying Angel 

Toxicology and Treatment 

Overreaction...? 

The Truth




Introduction 

NO MUSHROOM is worthier of fear than the terribly 

poisonous Death Cap (Amanita phalloides). This single, 

widespread species of mushroom is solely responsible for the 

majority of fatal and otherwise serious mushroom poisoning 

cases, worldwide as well as in North America. Indeed, one 

might argue that the Death Cap's notorious, relatively 

frequent victimization of Homo sapiens is far and away the 

best explanation (or rationalization) for the widespread fear of 

edible wild mushrooms. 

If there was a berry this bad... 

Ecology and Range of A. phalloides in 

North America 

This mushroom is rare in most parts of North America but 

locally common in such areas as the San Francisco Bay area, 

where it is typically found from mid-autumn through late 

winter. Primarily a European species, there is no evidence that 

the Death Cap is native to North America. Ecologically, it is a 

beneficial mycorrhizal fungus---it lives on the roots of live 

trees, providing phosphorus, magnesium, and other nutrients 

to the tree in exchange for carbohydrates. 

In California, it occurs under live oak and cork trees (it 

apparently was brought in with cork tree seedlings, and has 

since adapted to native oaks). There is a similar situation in 

the Irondequoit area north of Rochester, New York: the Death 

Cap was first discovered in Durand-Eastman Park in the 1970s 

under Norway spruce trees that had been imported as nursery 

stock decades earlier. It has since been found in increasing 

numbers and in an ever-enlarging but still local range, under 

native oaks; it is rather reliably found there from late 

September through late October. 

The Death Cap has also been reported under oaks in southern 

Oregon.







"The Southeast Asian Problem" 

There are other mushrooms which are as poisonous---or 

nearly as poisonous---as A. phalloides, but this one species 

causes far more poisonings than the others. There is an 

explanation for this. 

Most victims of life-threatening mushroom poisoning in North 

America are people from Southeast Asia---Laos, Cambodia, 

Thailand, Viet Nam. They apparently mistake Death Caps for 

edible "Paddy-Straw" (Volvariella volvacea) mushrooms. The 

two are similar in several ways---cap color, size, and the white 

"cup" around the base of the stalk---but different in others (for 

example, the Paddy-Straw has a pink spore print, the Death 

Cap a white spore print; and the Death Cap has a partial veil). 

The Paddy Straw mushroom occurs in tropical and temperate 

areas worldwide, and is especially common in Southeast Asia; 

the Death Cap, alas, does not occur in Southeast Asia, so folks 

from that part of the world are unaware of the lethal 

"look-alike." Consider the following---a revealing comment 

from USENET: bionet.mycology (June 1997): 

"My wife comes from Thailand. Last Fall, we 

were strolling through our woods when she spied 

a mushroom. She was overjoyed to find that 

America, too, has straw mushrooms, and assured 

me it was edible. Knowing even less about 

mushrooms than I do now, but knowing the 

danger of not knowing, I advised her to leave it 

alone. ...the specimen did indeed resemble a 

straw mushroom, except for the presence of a 

ring on the stipe [stalk]." 

--Tim Childress 

In North America, Death Cap poisonings have been reported 

from California, Oregon, and New York. In New York, the 

only known victims to date were natives of Laos. In California 

and in Oregon, most reported Death Cap poisonings have also 

involved Southeast Asian immigrants. 

The poisoning cases typically involve several victims---often 

including children---who "enjoyed" the mushrooms as a 

group. One or two deaths per case are common. The treatment 

of choice is often liver transplantation. Especially with early 

diagnosis, other effective treatments include massive doses of 

penicillin, which stimulates the liver's defenses. 

The Death Cap should be sought in every part of North 

America where Norway spruce or cork trees have been 

cultivated. If found, its presence should be publicized


Species of Morel! locally, regionally, and nationally to reduce the risk of 

further tragedies. It is especially vital to educate 

communities of Southeast Asian immigrants about this 

lethal mushroom. 


Causes of Serious Mushroom 

Poisonings 

The "but I thought it was edible..." phenomenon, where the 

victims either thought they "knew" the mushroom species or 

applied some folk myth such as "no poisonous mushrooms 

grow on wood," is one of four causes of mushroom poisoning 

in humans. 

Another often-tragic cause is similar---an individual eating a 

dangerously toxic wild mushroom in the belief (or with the 

hope) that it is a hallucinogenic species. 

The most common cause of mushroom exposures, by far, is 

infant and toddler "grazing"---where young children ingest 

mushrooms as a way of experiencing their environment. (This 

phenomenon is also commom with domestic dogs!) Sadly, in 

many areas, physicians automatically opt for traumatic 

treatment via Epicac, even in cases in which the patient shows 

no symptoms and uneaten specimens are available for 

examination, without consulting a mycologist to attempt to 

determine the identity and toxicity of the mushroom. 

Incredibly enough, the fourth cause of mushroom poisoning is 

simple foolishness: a false presumption that most mushrooms 

are safe, and/or that poisonous mushrooms "look," "taste," or 

"smell" bad. (As many victims of Death Cap poisoning can 

attest, that is not true!)



The Death Cap (Amanita phalloides): A 

Simple Mushroom to Identify 

The Death Cap can be easily diagnosed as such. 

The cap is 2¼--6" (6--16 cm) wide, smooth, with 

greenish to yellowish pigments, usually sticky or 

slippery but sometimes dry, often adorned with 

one to several patches of thin white veil tissue. 

The gills are white, crowded together, and very 

finely attached to the upper stalk. In young 

specimens, a white, membranous partial veil 

tissue extends from the edge of the cap to the 

upper stalk, covering the gills (later remaining 

attached to and draping from the upper stalk). 

The stalk is white to pallid, up to 6" (15 cm) long 

or tall, with a large rounded bulb at the base; the 

bulb includes a white sac-like volva (see the two 

photos on this webpage). THE BASE OF THE 

STALK AND THE TELL-TALE VOLVA ARE 

OFTEN BURIED IN THE SOIL. 

Equally Toxic North American 

Mushrooms 

Amatoxins contained in the Death Cap are responsible for the



symptoms suffered by its victims. They are present in all the 

tissues of the mushroom, in sufficient concentration that two 

or three grams are considered a potentially lethal dose. Several 

other species in genus Amanita---most notably the all-white 

"Destroying Angels" (A. virosa, A. bisporigera, and A. 

verna)---contain comparable levels of amatoxins. Moreover, 

several species of other genera of gilled mushrooms (notably 

Conocybe filaris, Galerina autumnalis and G. venenata, and 

Lepiota josserandii and L. helveola) also contain these toxins. 

Conocybe filaris is a dainty, fragile species unlikely to be 

considered as food, but it may pose a "grazing" danger to 

small children and to dogs. 

Galerina venenata is a small, uncommon brown mushroom 

sometimes found on lawns in the Pacific Northwest; it is 

unlikely to be considered as potential food, but it poses a 

"grazing" danger to small children and to dogs. Galerina 

autumnalis is a small brown mushroom that grows on 

dead/decaying wood; mushroom enthusiasts must be diligent 

to avoid inadvertently picking specimens of this species while 

harvesting more robust edbile mushrooms that grow on wood. 

Genus Lepiota includes several worthwhile edible species of 

much larger stature than the diminutive species shown to 

contain amatoxins; mushroom enthusiasts must be diligent to 

avoid small Lepiotas, as at least one fatality has resulted from 

this genus in North America. (Note: a close relative of the 

Lepiotas---Chlorophyllum molybdites, the "Green-spored 

Lepiota"---contains unrelated toxins that cause severe 

gastrointestinal symptoms; while ingestion of this species is 

not generally life-threatening, it can cause dehydration severe 

enough to require hospitalization for fluid and electrolyte 

maintenance.) 

The Destroying Angels---Amanita virosa and other closely 

related white Amanitas---have been consumed by ignorant 

collectors, both as food and, in at least one case, under the 

mistaken notion that they might be hallucinogenic. 

Visually, the Destroying Angel is very similar to its more 

notorious brother; the most notable difference is the lack of 

green or yellow pigments (though some slight yellowing may 

be observed on some specimens). Like the Death Cap, the 

Destroying Angel is a very easily identified mushroom. 

The cap of the Destroying Angel is 2¼--6" (6--16 

cm) wide, smooth, dry to slightly sticky. The gills 

are crowded together and may appear either very 

finely attached to the upper stalk or unattached.



In young specimens, a white, membranous partial 

veil tissue extends from the edge of the cap to the 

upper stalk, covering the gills (later remaining 

attached to and draping from the upper stalk, but 

it is very thin and fragile, hence is sometimes not 

seen on mature specimens). The stalk is white to 

pallid, up to 8" (21 cm) long or tall, with a small, 

rounded bulb at the base; the bulb is enclosed by 

a sac-like volva. All parts of the Destroying 

Angel are white. THE BASE OF THE STALK 

AND THE TELL-TALE VOLVA ARE OFTEN 

BURIED IN THE SOIL. 

The Destroying Angels are common and widespread 

throughout much of North America; the danger of these 

easily-identified species---and their identifying 

traits---ought to be widely taught in elementary school and 

beyond. 

Toxicology and Treatment 

"Amatoxins are cyclopeptides composed of a ring 

of amino acids that inhibit the production of 

specific proteins within liver and kidney cells. 

Without these proteins, cells cease to function. 

Following ingestion...five to twenty-four hours 

(average, twelve hours) pass before nausea, 

vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea begin. 

These initial symptoms are followed by a brief 

period of apparent improvement, but without 

treatment, severe liver damage and kidney failure 

often result in coma and death." 

--Edible Wild Mushrooms of North America by 

Fischer and Bessette (1992, Univ. of Texas Press, 

Austin) 

The delay before onset of symptoms, coupled with the intitial 

symptoms' mimicry of influenza and other gastrointestinal 

viruses and the marked (albeit temporary) improvement of 

most patients beginning two or three days after ingestion, pose 

inherent problems in prompt diagnosis and treatment. 

In cases where early diagnosis is accomplished, effective 

therapies have included massive doses of penicillin and other 

compounds which pharmacologically inhibit the amatoxins 

from effecting their most severe liver damage. In more severe


cases, especially those in which diagnosis is delayed further 

by failure to suspect amatoxin poisoning, liver transplant is 

the preferred therapy. 

For most patients, full recovery to their states of health prior 

to hospitalization is unlikely. 

"The Sky is Falling!" 

Death Cap Poisonings Elicit Overreactive 

Statements 

In California, in January, 

1997, some folks picked 

some wild mushrooms, 

cooked and ate them, 

without knowing what 

they were doing... without 

consulting a good 

mushroom field guide... 

without carefully 

comparing specimens to 

descriptions and photos... 

in short, without properly 

identifying the 

mushrooms they picked. 


Once again, the mushrooms they picked were "Death Caps" 

(Amanita phalloides). 

Once again, folks ended up with serious liver damage; several 

of them died. 

And, once again, some authorities spouted overreactive 

nonsense, not merely implying but explicitly stating that it is 

inherently dangerous for anyone but an "expert" to pick and 

eat wild mushrooms. 

The Associated Press reported (1/8/97): 

An outbreak of wild mushroom poisonings has 

sickened at least nine people in Northern 

California, with three victims in intensive care 

Wednesday facing possible liver transplants. 

The most seriously ill were felled by the "death 

cap'' mushroom, known technically as Amanita 

phalloides, which can destroy the liver. One



victim was Sam Sebastiani Jr., 31, a member of 

the Sebastiani wine family. 

The Mushroom Council, which represents commercial 

mushroom producers and importers throughout the United 

States, said this in a news release: 

The Mushroom Council urges the public to be 

extremely cautious when foraging for wild 

mushrooms outside, especially in fields and 

forests, because of potential health dangers that 

can be caused by some wild varieties [sic]... The 

untrained and uneducated person can make an 

innocent mistake when hunting wild mushrooms 

that could result in illness or even death... 

Commercially produced mushrooms that are in 

your supermarket or in prepared foods are 

carefully cultivated agricultural products, grown 

year around. 

This was, perhaps, neither terribly unreasonable, nor terribly 

overreactive. It certainly was opportunistic for the Mushroom 

Council to steer consumers toward their industry's 

produce---and away from the free foods of the forests and 

fields---in the capitalist tradition. No one can blame them for 

that. Indeed, it can be argued that some folks would hear the 

news stories and react with a fear of all mushrooms, including 

the safe cultivated species, so the Mushroom Council was 

merely trying to mitigate against the danger of public 

misperception. 

Editorial note: Never mind that some of the most 

widespread cases of serious poisoning by 

mushrooms in North America has been the result 

of botulism caused by errors in the canning of 

commercially cultivated mushrooms... and be 

sure to take a good look at those "fresh" 

mushrooms in the produce department of your 

favorite grocery store, for this "short-shelflife" 

commodity often shows serious signs of decay at 

the supermarket. 

The problem here is that "untrained and uneducated" can be 

misinterpreted as "lacking formal training and education in 

mycology"... and that is simply not true. 

Rose Ann Soloway, administrator of the American 

Association of Poison Control Centers, had this to say (and 

The Mushroom Council plugged it into their news release): 

It is our strong recommendation that people not



pick and eat wild mushrooms unless they, in fact, 

are experts, or the person identifying the 

mushrooms is someone with whom they would 

trust their life. 

Hmmm... "expert"? What, exactly, is an expert? 

Better question: how much of an "expert" should one be to 

identify wild mushrooms for human consumption? 

The Truth 

Millions of North Americans pick and eat wild mushrooms 

every year, without as much as a belly ache. 

Are they "experts"? Yes! At least, they are experts on the 

edible wild mushrooms they know. Either their parents or 

grandparents taught them how to identify morels, or puffballs, 

or meadow mushrooms, or they have a good field guide and 

they read it... or both. 

No one with a reasonable understanding of the importance of 

properly identifying mushrooms---with a serious awareness 

that some species are fatally toxic---falls victim to the Death 

Cap. The folks who eat Death Caps do not use field guides: 

they just pick the damned things and eat them. No trip to the 

library. No reading. No spore prints. No idea what a "partial 

veil" is or what "gill attachment" means. 

So... Is it really dangerous to eat wild mushrooms? 

How dangerous is it to drive a car? If you're drunk or careless, 

it is VERY dangerous; if you're sensible and pay attention, it 

is reasonably safe. 

Consider this: Would you pick and eat an unfamiliar berry 

simply because it "looked good"? Of course not. Finding, 

identifying, preparing, and eating wild mushrooms can be a 

delightful pasttime---IF it is done intelligently. 

Otherwise, it is a terrible "accident" waiting to happen. 

Copyright ©1997 by David W. Fischer. All rights reserved. 

This site maintained by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail



is part of 


Most recent update: 6 May 2000 

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Marie Heerkens' Mushroom Art Gallery 

Now 

Available! 

Welcome to 

The classic 1928 mushroom guidebook by William S. Thomas, 

newly revised and illustrated by Marie F. Heerkens. 

Now 

Available! 

MARIE HEERKENS, a professional artist, award-winning nature photographer, and modern revision 

author/illustrator of The Field Guide to Mushrooms, is internationally known among mycologists and 

mushroom enthusiasts for her mushroom artwork. She is especially recognized for her exquisite 

Ganoderma artwork. Marie draws and paints using a variety of media, including watercolors, gouache, 

acrylic and oil paints, pastels, pen and ink, charcoal, and graphite. 

Art Collectors: In addition to the Series II cards and Mushroom Paper Artcards for which ordering 

information is posted on these pages, Marie has plenty more original pieces not shown on this 

website available for purchase, in various media. E-Mail Marie directly at heerkens@aol.com with a 

request; she can provide a current list of pieces available for purchase. Commissioned artwork is 

also available. 

Maries's MUSHROOM SERIES II Card Set 

Sorry; Series I is all sold out! 

Series II includes two cards of each of the four illustrations below (a total of 8 cards) plus envelopes. 

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TO ORDER: 

Send $17.00 U.S. per set (includes shipping and handling) within the USA. 

NOTE: NYS residents must include 8.25% sales tax. 

Make check payable to Marie Heerkens. 

Mail check to: 

Marie Heerkens 

P.O. Box 506 

Fairport, NY 14450 

Please allow four weeks for delivery. 

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INDEX to Marie Heerkens' Mushroom Art Gallery 

About the Artist 

Marie's Mushroom Paper Artcards 

Marie's Ganoderma Art 

Marie's Mushroom Photography 

Marie's Ink Artwork 

Marie's Mushroom Watercolors 

Marie's Silkscreen Designs 

Mushroom / Mycology Links


SEE MORE OF MARIE HEERKENS' NATURE ARTWORK AT 

WWW.NATUREARTISTS.COM 

and at 

The E-Museum of Pyrographic Art 

E-Mail Marie Heerkens at heerkens@aol.com 

All digitized artwork on this website Copyright © 1997, 1999 by Marie F. Heerkens. All Rights Reserved. 

Last updated 10 November 2003 

Visitors to this page since it was first posted on 4 December 1997. 

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Web design and digital imaging by

Thomas/Heerkens' 'The Field Guide to Mushrooms' 

Now 

Available! 

The classic 1928 mushroom guidebook by William S. Thomas,* 

newly revised and illustrated by Marie F. Heerkens. 

* -- Based on Field Book of Common Mushrooms by William Sturgis Thomas 

Now 

Available! 

TO ORDER YOUR AUTOGRAPHED COPY: 

Send $10.00 U.S. per copy plus $5.00 shipping and handling within the USA (total: $15.00). 

NOTE: NYS residents must include 8.25% sales tax (total: $16.24). 




P.O. Box 506 

Fairport, NY 14450 

If you would like the book inscribed by Marie (e.g. 'to John and Jane'), be sure to let her know. 


-- Also available at bookstores everywhere, 

and through Amazon.com and Barnes & Noble.com-- 









Mushroom / Mycology Links 



and at 



All digitized artwork on this website Copyright © 1997, 1999 by Marie F. Heerkens. All Rights 

Reserved. 


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Thomas/Heerkens' 'The Field Guide to Mushrooms' 

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MARIE F. HEERKENS grew up 

in the countryside near 

Rochester, New York where she 

was born in 1963. Hiking, 

camping, and cross-country 

skiing brought her even closer to 

nature. This, combined with a 

love for drawing and painting, 

naturally led to themes of plants 

and animals portrayed in her 

artwork. 

"I couldn't wait to have art 

class every day in school. 

The first year that became 

a reality was in ninth 

grade. I tried to increase 

this number until my 

senior year when I took 3 

fine art classes a day and 

spent every study hall in 

the art room." 

College brought a different 

direction to her work: surrealism. 

Marie went to Nazareth College 

in 1981-1983 and completed her 

degree at S.U.N.Y. Geneseo 

1983-1985; graduating with a 

B.A. in Fine Arts. 

"Finding work after 

college was much harder 

than I anticipated. I found that most people did like my surrealistic paintings but preferred to 

buy realistic artwork depicting wildlife. So I have returned to drawing and painting my first 

love: birds, animals, plants... anything found in nature." 

In college, Marie discovered another outlet for her creative eye: nature photography. This has become 

quite an obsession, leading her to the study of mushroom, plant, insect, and bird identification during the 

past ten years. 

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Marie has exhibited in many galleries and shows, including: 

● Lake Ontario Bird Festival, Mexico, NY. 1998--1999. 

● Duck Decoy & Wildlife Art Show, Clayton, NY 1995--1998. 

● Chief Oshkosh Native American Arts. Egg Harbor, WI. 1997--1998. 

● Lost Arts Trade Company Inc., Williamsport, PA. 1996--1998. 

● The Annual Genesee Region Orchid Society Spring Show. Rochester, NY. 1995--1998. 

● The Mill Gallery. Honeoye Falls, NY. 1994--1997. 

● Lederer Gallery, Geneseo Alumni Art Exhibition. Geneseo, NY. 1996. 

● N.Y.S. Fair Wildlife Art Exhibit. Syracuse, NY. 1995. 

● The Tea House Art Gallery. Rochester, NY. 1994. 

● The Carriage House Gallery. Canandaigua, NY. 1994. 

● Beneath the Books Gallery. Livonia, NY. 1994. 

● Pyramid Arts Center. Rochester, NY. 1989--1993. 

● St. Johns Home Art Gallery. Rochester, NY. 1991. 

● Bloomfield Academy Museum. Bloomfield, NY. 1991. 

● The Beaux Arts Ball. Rochester, NY. 1991. 

● Ellicottville Regional Art Exhibition. Ellicottville, NY. 1990. 

● Earth Day Art Show. Rochester, NY. 1990. 

● WXXI Fine Art & Craft Showcase. Rochester, NY. 1989. 

● The New Surrealism Show at Godivas'. Rochester, NY. 1989. 

Marie is a member of many organizations including; Genesee Region Orchid Society, North American 

Mycological Association, Rochester Area Mycological Association, The Peace Network, The Nature 

Conservancy. 

In 2003, Marie added "author" to her list of accomplishments with the publication of her newly revised 

edition of The Field Guide to Mushrooms, the classic treatise originally authored by William Sturgis 

Thomas and first published in 1928. 














and at 





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Did you know mushrooms can be used, instead of wood pulp, to make paper? Marie's Mushroom Paper 

Artcards are handmade paper composed of 90--100% mushroom fiber content! They are enhanced with 

Japanese Paper Collage. 

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TO ORDER: 

Send $7.50 U.S. per card (includes shipping and handling) within the USA. 

NOTE: NYS residents must include 8.25% sales tax. 




7763 Main St. Fishers 

Victor, NY 14564 













and at 





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Marie is widely acclaimed for her work on what must be the ultimate mushroom artist's canvas: the 

"Artist's Conk" mushroom (Ganoderma applanatum). This fungus---a woody, shelf-like perennial 

mushroom---has a moist white coating on the undersurface during summer. Artists have long used tools to 

etch designs into that surface. 

Marie's approach to "Ganoderma Art," however, is a bit more sophisticated. After each 

specimen has been carefully dried, Marie applies a woodburner (this is called pyrography) 

and, on some pieces, pastel pencils. 

Each of Marie's Ganoderma Artworks is truly unique; many of her masterpieces are in the hands of 

various professional mycologists with whom she has come into contact over the years. 

Ganoderma Pyrography enhanced with pastel pencil: Stropharia aeruginosa 

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Ganoderma Pyrography enhanced with pastel pencil: Pholiota squarrosa 

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Ganoderma Pyrography: "Hooded Merganser"


Ganoderma Pyrography: "Loon Family" 












and at 





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"Orange Peel" (Aleuria aurantia) 

Third Place, Documentary Division, Limited Classification 

1994 North American Mycological Association (NAMA) mushroom slide contest 

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"Turkey Tails" (Trametes versicolor) 

Second Place, Pictorial Division, Limited Classification 


"Many-headed Slime Mold" (Physarum polycephalum) 

Third Place, Documentary Division, Limited Classification 




"Scarlet Cups" (Sarcoscypha coccinea) 

Honorable Mention, Pictorial Division, Limited Classification 




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"Short-stemmed Russula" (Russula brevipes) 

"Shaggy Mane" (Coprinus comatus) 



Marie's Mushroom Paper Artcards










and at 





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INDEX to Marie Heerkens' Mushroom Art Gallery












and at 





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Smooth Chanterelle (Cantharellus lateritius)


Yellow-orange Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria var. formosa) 


Cinnabar-red Chanterelle (Cantharellus cinnabarinus)



Chicken-fat Suillus (Suillus americanus) 

Yellow-foot Chanterelle (Cantharellus xanthopus) 








Marie's Silkscreen Designs





and at 








These are examples of silkscreen T-shirt designs Marie has done featuring mycological themes. She has 

also done designs for historical buildings and nature centers. 

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Letchworth Park Foray, 1992



Rochester Area Mycological Association, 1993


8th International Fungi & Fibre Symposium, 1997 












and at 





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Marie Heerkens' Mushroom Art Gallery Index 

Mushroom Art Links 

Vital Links for Mycophiles and Mycologists 












and at 


Mushroom Art Links 

Pyrography: PYRO CAFÉ 

MUSHROOM MADNESS: Mycological Objets D'Art 

MOREL MANIA: Morel "Decoys," Morel Jewelry, and more 

MAGIC MUSHROOM LAMP& WATERFALL CO. 

TAYLOR LOCKWOOD'S fantastic mushroom photography 

Vital Links for Mycophiles and Mycologists 

Kathie Hodge's stupendous World Wide Web Virtual Library: Mycology 

No one knows mushroom cultivation like Paul Stamets and Fungi Perfecti 

The North American Mycological Association (NAMA) 

Mike Wood's Myko Web (includes a directory of North American mushroom clubs) 

Dave Fischer's Marvelous Mushroom Homepage 

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Edible Wild Mushrooms of North America homepage 

Mushrooms of Northeastern North America homepage 

Dave Fischer's "North American Mushroom Basics" 

Tom Volk's awesome mushroom website 

Wes Stone's "A Short 'Shroom Primer" 

Taylor Lockwood's fantastic mushroom photography 


Mushroomers Online! directory 

Mycologists Online 

Jim Worrall's phenomenal fungal website 

Death Cap (Amanita phalloides) Webpage 

If you are seeking answers to mycological questions, try USENET: bionet.mycology (contact your 

Internet Service Provider if you have problems using this link to access this USENET newsgroup). 

Something really fun: Morchella ultima... A New Species of Morel! 

All digitized artwork on this website Copyright © 1997, 1999 by Marie F. Heerkens. All Rights 

Reserved. 

Last updated 10 November 2003. 

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NOTE: "Series I" is NO LONGER AVAILABLE, and is shown here only 

for posterity. 

Marie's Series II Cards are now available! 

These notecards are professionally printed from original scratchboard drawings done by Marie from her 

photographs. 

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and at 






Last updated 30 October 1999 

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David W. Fischer Electronic Publishing Services 

Since 1988 

Specialist in Quality Typographic Design, 

Publications, and Webpage Design 

CAPABILITIES 

Copywriting 

Photography 

Proofreading & Copyediting 

Publicity and Promotion 

Typesetting & Graphic Design 

World Wide Webpage Services 

Microsoft® Windows Computer Training for Home & Office 

A bit about myself... 

In addition to my work as a mycologist (I am co-author of two mushroom field guides), I am a 

former media criticism columnist for The Syracuse New Times, former copywriter and account 

executive for Warne/McKenna Advertising, and former editor of New York State Medical News. I 

have been providing electronic (desktop) publishing services to clients in the Syracuse area since 

1988. In 2001, I relocated to Binghamton, NY. 

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David W. Fischer Electronic Publishing Services 

For more information on my services: 

Call me at 607 771-0495 or write to me at 

9 Newton St., Binghamton NY 13901, or 

E-mail me at basidium@aol.com. 

is part of 

Visit Dave Fischer's Marvelous Mushroom Homepage 

This website is maintained by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail address is basidium@aol.com 

visitors to this page since 13 December 1997 


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Dave Fischer's Webpage Services Homepage 

Quality Webpage Design Services 

Have you heard that it costs a fortune to get your company or organization onto the World Wide 

Web (WWW)? If so, you have heard wrong. A simple but effective homepage can be constructed 

for around $150. 

A basic page includes the following elements: 

● Your company's logo 

● Informative text about your company 

● 

Several hyperlinks, including an e-mail hyperlink so people can respond to your message 

instantly 

For around $500, you can have a set of several interconnected webpages with fancy graphical 

links, detailed information on your products and services, and a fill-out response form. 

Dave's 10 Rules For a 

Great Web Presence 

1. Attractive, colorful graphics and neat layout 

A webpage must look good if it is to make a good impression. And simple is better: "do you really 

have to use frames?" 

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2. Good organization 

Good organization is vital to helping people quickly find the information they need. Group 

information on separate pages, and organize links wisely. 

3. Useful, literate information 

Typos and poor grammar make a bad impression. Well-written, concise text gets your message 

across most effectively. Offer a genuine resource to attract people to your site. 

4. A handful of good links 

If there are too many links, it distracts people; if there are too few, it minimizes the usefulness of 

this dynamic medium. 

5. Moderate byte-size 

A 250K page still takes too long to load. Whenever possible, limit your index pages to 50--100K 

including graphics. Overuse of complex graphics is the biggest culprit. 

6. A neat, brief address (URL) 

For use on business cards and advertisements, the URL should be as brief as possible; memorable; 

typeable! Avoid subdirectories and filenames---use default destinations. Ideally: get a "domain" 

(that is, http://www."companyname".com). 

7. Accuracy 

Links to other webpages should be tested periodically to ensure that they are functioning properly. 

Information should be kept up-to-date. 

8. Visibility 

The best website is useless if no one finds it. Don't just list the URL on your business cards and 

advertisements. Submit the URL to WWW search engines and get links from other prime sites. 



9. Handy E-mail links and response forms 

Make it easy for people to respond to you immediately. 

10. Ongoing website development 

The more your pages change, the more reason people have to come back! Think of your website as 

a monthly or even weekly advertisement, not an annual one. 

For more information on my services: 

Call me at 315 492-9894 or write to me at 

4615 S. Salina St., Syracuse NY 13205, or 

E-mail me at basidium@aol.com. 

is part of 

Visit Dave Fischer's Marvelous Mushroom Homepage 

This website is maintained by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail address is basidium@aol.com 




Morchella ultima, sp. nov. 

Morchella ultima 

sp. nov. Fischer and Reehil 

Type specimen of Morchella ultima, sp. nov. 

Photographed with the taxon's authors, 

David Fischer and Roy Reehil. 

Description: very similar in all respects to M. esculenta Fries 

(particularly the "M. crassipes" form) but all linear dimensions 

multiplied by an approximate factor of fifteen. 

Ecology/Type Locale: Yeah, right---like we're really gonna' tell you 

that! 

Photographics by Roy Reehil 

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Webpage copyright ©1997, 1998 by David W. Fischer. All rights 

reserved. This site maintained by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail 


is part of 


Originally posted on 24 April 1997 Most recent update: 28 January 

1998





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Sample Illustrations 

and Descriptions 

Boletus frostii 

Russell 

Photo courtesy 

William Roody 

COMMON 

NAME: Frost’s 

Bolete, Apple 

Bolete. 

CAP: 2-–6" 

(5–-15.5 cm) wide, hemispheric to convex, becoming 

broadly convex to flat; surface with a whitish bloom 

when young, quickly becoming smooth and sticky when 

moist, initially dark blackish red to bright red, fading with 

age to blood-red with yellowish areas; margin incurved 

when young, becoming upturned in age; flesh pale to 

lemon-yellow, rapidly staining blue when cut or bruised; 

odor and taste not distinctive. 

PORE SURFACE: dark red when fresh, paler in age, 

often beaded with yellow droplets when young and moist, 

quickly blueing when bruised; pores circular, 2–3 per 

mm. 

STALK: 1-5/8-–4-3/4" (4–-12 cm) long, 3/8–-1" (1–-2.5 

cm) thick, nearly equal to enlarging downward, solid, 

deeply and coarsely reticulate, dark red, often yellow or 

whitish at the base, slowly staining blue when cut or 

bruised; partial veil and ring absent. 

SPORE PRINT: olive-brown. 

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES: spores 11–-17 x 4-–5 µm, 

elliptic, smooth, pale brown. 

FRUITING: scattered or in groups on the ground under 

hardwoods, especially oak; July-–October; occasional to 

fairly common. 

EDIBILITY: edible.


Coprinus 

comatus (Müller 

: Fries) S.F. Gray 

COMMON 

NAME: Shaggy 

Mane, Lawyer's 

Wig 

CAP: 1-1/8-–2" 

(3-–5 cm) wide 

and oval to cylindric at first, becoming broadly conic to 

nearly plane and 2--3-1/8" (5--8 cm) wide in age, fragile; 

surface dry, white with a brownish disc, coated with 

coarse scales that are white to pale reddish brown and 

usually darkest at the tips; flesh white at first, becoming 

black as the mushroom deliquesces in age; odor and taste 

not distinctive. 

GILLS: attached at first then free from the stalk, crowded, 

white then pink, and finally black as the mushroom 

deliquesces. 

STALK: 3--12" (7.5--30 cm) long, 3/8--1" (1--2.5 cm) 

thick, enlarged downward to a bulbous base, sometimes 

rooting, hollow, g;abrous to silky-fibrillose, white, 

fragile; partial veil white, submembranous, leaving a thin, 

inferior ring. 

SPORE PRINT: black. 

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES: spores 10--14 x 6--8.5 µm, 

ellipsoid, truncate, with an apical pore, smooth, 

purple-brown. 

FRUITING: scattered, in groups or clusters in grassy 

areas, on soil, or in wood chips; May--November; 

common. 

EDIBILITY: edible. 

COMMENTS: Coprinus sterquilinus is a smaller, white 

to whitish mushroom that grows on dung or on manured 

soil, and has much larger spores that measure 16--22 x 

10--13 µm. 

Cantharellus 

cibarius Fries 

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COMMON 

NAME: 

Chanterelle, 

Golden 

Chanterelle. 

CAP: 5/8–-5½" 

(1.6-–14 cm) wide, convex to nearly plane, sometimes 

with a depressed center; surface dry, nearly smooth, 

orange-yellow to yellow; margin thin, incurved to inrolled 

when young, often remaining so for a long time, 

becoming uplifted and wavy in age, sometimes crimped 

or lobed. 

FLESH: thick, firm, white; odor fragrant like apricots or 

not distinctive; taste peppery or not distinctive. 

FERTILE SURFACE: decurrent, with forked, blunt, 

gill-like ridges, with or without crossveins, pale yellow to 

yellow or pale orange. 

STALK: 5/8–-2-3/4" (1.6-–7 cm) long, up to 1" (2.5 cm) 

thick, equal or enlarged at either end, smooth, pale yellow 

to orange-yellow. 

SPORE PRINT: pinkish cream to pale buff. 

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES: spores 8-–11 x 4.5-–6 µm, 

elliptic, smooth, hyaline. 

FRUITING: solitary, scattered, in groups or sometimes 

clustered on the ground in woods; July–-September; fairly 

common. 

EDIBILITY: edible, choice. 

COMMENTS: compare with the Jack O’Lantern, 

Omphalotus olearius(poisonous), which has true gills 

with sharp edges and grows on wood or buried wood, 

typically in large overlapping clusters. 

Clavulinopsis 

fusiformis 

(Fries) Corner 

COMMON 

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NAME: 

Spindle-shaped 

Yellow Coral. 

FRUITING BODY: up to 5½" (14 cm) high, 1/16-–3/8" 

(1.5–-10 mm) thick, cylindric to worm-like or somewhat 

flattened, usually unbranched but sometimes branching 

near the apex; apex pointed to rounded; surface typically 

smooth, but sometimes wrinkled or grooved, bright to 

dull yellow; flesh thin, brittle to fibrous, yellowish. 

SPORE PRINT: white to pale yellow. 

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES: 5–-9 x 4-–9 µm, broadly 

oval to globose, smooth, hyaline, inamyloid. 

FRUITING: in dense clusters on soil or among grasses in 

woods and pastures; July–-October; fairly common. 

EDIBILITY: edible. 

Phlogiotis 

helvelloides 

(Fries) Martin 

COMMON 

NAME: Apricot 

Jelly. 

FRUITING 

BODY: 

3/4–-2-3/4" (2–-7 cm) wide, 1–-3-1/8" (2.5–-8 cm) high, 

funnel-shaped with a split side or spoon-shaped to 

tongue-shaped with a wavy margin, rubbery-gelatinous, 

nearly smooth; pinkish red to apricot, often paler on the 

margin in age. 

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES: spores 10–-12 x 4–-7 µm, 

elliptic, smooth, hyaline. 

FRUITING: solitary or in groups on the ground or 

decaying wood in coniferous and mixed woods; 

May–October; infrequent. 

EDIBILITY: edible but rather bland. 


COMMENTS: Also knows as Tremiscus helvelloides.


Gloeophyllum 

sepiarium 

(Fries) Karsten 

COMMON 

NAME: 

Yellow-red Gill 

Polypore. 

CAP: 1–-4" 

(2.5–-10 cm) wide, semicircular to kidney-shaped, flat or 

slightly convex, stalkless, fibrous-tough; surface covered 

with short stiff hairs, becoming matted and felty or nearly 

smooth in age, with distinct concentric zones and furrows, 

bright yellowish red to reddish brown; margin whitish to 

orange-yellow or brownish yellow, uneven, with tufts of 

tiny hairs. 

FLESH: up to ¼" (6 mm) thick, fibrous-tough, 

yellow-brown to rusty brown, black in KOH. 

PORE SURFACE: golden brown to rusty brown, gill-like 

to labyrinthine (often both), and sometimes with 

elongated pores; pores 1–-2 per mm. 

SPORE PRINT: white. 

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES: spores 9-–13 x 3-–5 µm, 

cylindric, smooth, hyaline. 

FRUITING: solitary, in groups, or rosette-like clusters on 

decaying wood, usually conifer; year-round; common. 

EDIBILITY: Inedible. 


COMMENTS: Lenzites betulina (inedible) has white 

flesh and usually grows on decaying hardwood. 

Gloeophyllum trabeum (inedible) has crowded gills and 

narrow pores, up to 4 per mm along the margin.


Laetiporus 

sulphureus 

(Bulliard : Fries) 

Murrill 

COMMON 

NAME: Chicken 

Mushroom, 

Sulphur Shelf. 

FRUITING 

BODY: a large, overlapping cluster of flattened, laterally 

fused, and lobed caps, sometimes forming rosettes or a 

solitary cap, stalkless or with a rudimentary stalk. 

CAP: 2-–12" (5–-31 cm) wide, fan- to petal-shaped, soft, 

fleshy when young, fibrous-tough in age; surface velvety 

to densely matted and woolly, dry, radially wrinkled and 

roughened, bright to dull orange, fading to orange-yellow, 

then whitish in age; margin pale orange, blunt, wavy, 

often lobed. 

FLESH: up to 3/4" (2 cm) thick, fleshy-fibrous, white; 

odor nutty or not distinctive; taste not distinctive. 

PORE SURFACE: bright sulphur-yellow; pores angular, 

3–-4 per mm. 

SPORE PRINT: white. 


MICROSCOPIC FEATURES: spores 5-–8 x 3.5-–5 µm, 

oval to elliptic, smooth, hyaline. 

FRUITING: solitary, overlapping clusters, or rosettes on 

hardwoods, especially oak and cherry, occasionally on 

conifers, especially hemlock; May–-November; fairly 

common. 

EDIBILITY: edible and choice when collected on 

hardwoods; may cause gasterointestinal upset when 

gathered from conifer wood. 

COMMENTS: the flesh of this mushroom has the 

consistency and flavor of white chicken meat. Compare 

with L. persicinus (edible, choice), which has a pinkish 

orange cap, a white pore surface and forms rosettes.


Cyathus striatus 

Hudson : Persoon 

COMMON 

NAME: Splash 

Cups. 

CUP: 

inverted-conic, 

¼-–5/16" (6-–8 

mm) wide, ¼-–3/8" (6–-10 mm) high; when immature the 

cup is protected by a white, membrane-like lid and the 

upper edge of the cap is rolled inward; interior gray to 

grayish white, shiny, smooth, vertically lined; exterior 

reddish brown to chocolate-brown or grayish brown, 

shaggy-hairy to woolly, sometimes faintly to distinctly 

fluted. 

PERIDIOLES: gray, flattened, 1/16–-1/8" (1.5–-3 mm) in 

diameter, often vaguely triangular, each attached beneath 

by a tiny, coiled cord. 

MICROSCOPIC FEATURES: spores 15–-20 x 8-–12 

µm, elliptic, smooth, hyaline. 

FRUITING: scattered to gregariously grouped on wood 

chips, twigs, bark, etc.; July–-October; frequent to 

common. 

EDIBILITY: inedible. 



WEBSITE INDEX 



Preface 












is part of 



The Prized Morel 

http://members.aol.com/xerula/morels.html (1 of 5) [5/3/2004 9:38:57 PM] 


The text, photographs and artwork on this webpage are excerpted 

from 

Edible Wild Mushrooms of North America: A Field-to-Kitchen Guide. 

Copyright ©1992, 2002 by David W. Fischer and Alan E. Bessette. All rights reserved. 

All photographs on this page by Alan E. Bessette 

WARNING: If you choose to use the information on this page to 

identify morels for the purpose of eating them... 

1. 

2. 

3. 

Note that reading the entire text of this page is vital (do NOT just match 

your specimen to the pictures!) 

Only use this information for identification of the three species illustrated 

below, and ONLY in North America 

Prepare to become addicted to a delightful pasttime! 

Illustration by Philippa Brown 

Left to right: Yellow Morel (Morchella esculenta); Black Morel (M. elata); Half-free Morel (M. 

semilibera)



a directory of North 

American mushroom clubs) 


YELLOW, BLACK, AND HALF-FREE MORELS 

(Morchella esculenta, M. elata, M. semilibera) 

KEY IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICS 

1. Cap appears spongelike or honeycombed (distinct ridges surrounding pits) 

2. Longitudinal section reveals single hollow chamber from base of stalk to 

top of cap 

3. Longitudinal section of cap reveals no multichambered interior 

4. Cap not draping from stalk as in Verpa bohemica (see photo below) 

DESCRIPTION: The cap appears distinctly spongelike or honeycombed; its 

entire surface is composed of pits surrounded by ridges. The base of the cap is 

attached directly to the top of the stalk, except in the Half-free Morel (Morchella 

semilibera), whose cap's lower half drapes, like a skirt, below its point of 

attachment to the upper stalk. The ridges of morel caps range in color from white 

to almost black, but are most often yellowish or gray. Usually the inside of the pits 

are colored differently than the ridges. The pits of the Yellow (M. esculenta) and 

Half-free morels are usually dark, and the pits of the Black Morel (M. elata) are 

usually light. The stalk is textured with minute, granular ribs or bumps and ranges 

in color from white to yellow. 

Slicing a morel open lengthwise reveals that the entire mushroom is hollow, with 

a single chamber extending from top to bottom. The inner surface of the morel is 

also textured with minute, granular bumps or ribs. The flesh of the stalk is quite 

thin, arrely more than one-fourth inch thick, except at the base of the stalk, which 

is sometimes thick and multilayered, especially in large specimens. 

The entire mushroom varies in height from three inches to one foot or more and in 

width from two to four or more inches. The proportional height of the cap, in 

relation to the stalk, is also quite variable. The Half-free Morel's cap usually 

makes up less than a fourth of the mushroom's overall height, while the other 

species' caps are usually as tall as the stalks. In the case of the Black Morel, the 

stalk may make up only a small fraction of the mushroom's overall height. 

The shape of the cap also varies tremendously. It may be cone shaped and rather 

pointed at the top, egg shaped, or nearly ball shaped. The stalk, cap, or both are 

frequently bent (this bending is caused by such obtacles as sticks that the growing 

mushroom meets). 

As this description indicates, morels vary tremendously in size, shape and color; 

however, they never vary from the four key identifying characteristics listed 

above. They are easily identified to the genus Morchella. The spore print, which is 

usually so slight that it's rather difficult to obtain, is white, cream, or pale yellow. 

FRUITING: Morels are most often found in groups or scattered---but sometimes 

singly---in a variety of habitats. The Yellow and Black morels are found 

throughout much of North America, but the Half-free Morel is mostly limited to 

the eastern half of the continent and the Pacific Northwest. Morels fruit for a 

period of only four to six weeks in the springtime. 

Spring, of course, comes to different places at different times. In the Carolinas, the 

season's first morels appear as early as mid-March. In northern Canada and in 

mountainous areas at high elevations, they usually don't start fruting until June. In 

most places, though, late April through late May is the core of morel season. In 

areas where morels are found in the gratest abundance---sections of Ohio, Indiana, 

the Michigan Peninsula, New England, Ontario and Quebec provinces, Northern 

California, and the Pacific Northwest are fortunate in this respect---foraging for





morels is usually fruitless before mid-April. 


On the other hand, some areas are practically devoid of morels. Dedicated 

mycophagists from Long Island, the Gulf Coast, the Great Plains states and much 

of Saskatchewan, the Southwest desert, and other relatively morel-less areas have 

been known to travel some distance each May to vacation in morel territory. 

Generally speaking, it seems that regions with a lot of snow, sandy or limey soils, 

frequent forest fires, old apple orchards, or lots of dead elm trees have the greatest 

abundance of morels. 

Describing specific morel habitats is not difficult, but the list of characteristic 

habitats is long. Most species of mushrooms are found only in very specific 

habitats, but morels are more difficult to pin down. Morel habitats include forsts 

with spruce, Douglas fir, maple and beech, black locust, cottonwood, tulip, or 

poplar trees; old apple orchards; areas that have been burned over the previous 

year; land around dead elm trees; and even lawns or old fields. This broad list 

might lead one to expect morels everywhere, but experience proves otherwise. 

With rare exceptions, morels are found only in the kinds of habitats listed above. 

But precisely where and when is another matter. Morels are, in truth, found only 

in one place: wherever they choose to appear. 

Soil saturation, especially in early spring, seems to be an important factor in morel 

fruiting. Winters with high snowfall levels and springs with abundant rainfall 

apparently play an important role in strengthening the mycelium. This, in turn, 

seems to lead to banner morel years. Flood plains, stream banks that go 

underwater during early spring snowmelts, and the edges of swamp ridges are 

widely reported to be prime morel-picking spots. Even in upland areas, rounded 

gullies that are overrun by water during spring snowmelt and rains consistently 

produce a more abundant crop of morels than higher, drier ground. 

It's important to note the difference between well rinsed and soggy ground, 

though; morels don't fruit when the ground is soaked but rather after the ground 

has been soaked. 

SIMILAR SPECIES: The Wrinkled 

Thimble-cap, or Early Morel (Verpa 

bohemica), which is poisonous (see 

photo) is, at first glance, a dead-ringer 

for the true morel; however, its cap is not 

distinctly pitted or honeycombed like a 

true morel's cap. Rather, its cap surface 

is composed of vertically wrinkled 

ridges that only rarely are joined by 

horizontal ridges. Its cap drapes, but it is 

attached only at the very top of the stalk; 

the Half-free Morel's cap is attached about halfway down the cap. If a specimen's 

cap drapes significantly (some Black Morel caps drape, but only slightly) and 

seems to conform to the other key identifying characteristics, it must be either an 

edible Half-free Morel or a poisonous Wrinkled Thimble-cap. Several other 

differences can help distinguish between these two. 

First, the Half-free Morel's stalk usually has vertical perforations near the base; 

the Wrinkled Thimble-cap's stalk lacks them. Second, the outside of the Half-free 

Morel's stalk is coated with tiny, granular particles that can be easily rubbed off; 

the Wrinkled Thimble-cap's stalk has tiny bumps that do not rub off readily. 

Third, the Half-free Morel's cap typically makes up less than one fourth of the



mushroom's overall height; the cap of the Wrinkled Thimble-cap usually makes 

up at least one fourth of the mushroom's overall height. Also, the Half-free 

Morel's stalk is invariably hollow, and the Wrinkled Thimble-cap's stalk is 

normally stuffed with cottony fibers, but slugs often burrow into the mushroom 

and devour them, leaving no clue that the mushroom was originally stuffed. 

Poisonous mushrooms of the genus Gyromitra (see Conifer False Morel on p. 166 

of the book) are commonly called "false" morels because at least to some novices 

they look similar. Upon close inspection, however, there is little similarity. The 

cap of a Gyromitra is slightly to grossly wrinkled and folded but not pitted and 

honeycombed. A longitudinal section of the cap reveals a multi-chambered 

interior, not the single, cylindrical, hollow chamber cgharacteristic of a true morel. 

In addition to the Yellow, Black, and Half-free morels, some mycologists apply a 

number of other names to some morels found in North America. There is little 

agreement between professional mycologists over which, if any, of these others 

are truly distinct species. This debate makes for interesting conversation, but it is 

of little culinary interest. All morels are eminently edible. 

Among the species listed in some field guides are Peck's Morel (M. angusticeps), 

the Conical Morel (M. conica), M. canaliculata, and M. crassistipa. Many 

consider these to be only variant forms of the Black Morel. The White Morel (M. 

deliciosa) and the Thick-footed Morel (M. crassipes) are generally considered to 

be early and late forms, respectively, of the Yellow Morel. 

EDIBILITY: Black morels frequently cause gastric upset when consumed with or 

followed by alcoholic beverages, and some individuals have unpleasant reactions 

to Black Morels even without alcohol. No morels should be eaten raw, 

undercooked, or in large quantity; eating them so can cause digestive discomfort, 

also. 

These precautions aside, the morel, in its myriad forms, is the clear favorite of 

most mushroom hunters. The morel reigns supreme among nature's fungal fruits, 

esteemed by gourmets on both sides of the Atlantic. During morel season, area 

mushroom clubs gather specifically to scour the woods and orchards for this king 

of edible mushrooms. 

Recently, attempts to cultivate morels have started to pay off. With such 

tremendous demand for them, morels may be on their way toward large-scale, 

commercial cultivation. Some longtime morel devotees worry that this will 

somehow take away the morel's special mystique. Others, less romantic or more 

pragmatic, anxiously await such progress. 

In regions where morels are abundant, it is not unusual to see Posted signs 

expressly forbidding mushroom picking. In areas not blessed with such 

abundance, patience and perseverance are essential to finding morels. The best 

foraging tactic is to look as often as possible in as many of the known types of 

habitat as possible during morel season. 

When your searching pays off and you find your first morel, search around the 

immediate vicinity for more. Then, note as many specifics about where you found 

them as you can: What kinds of trees, plants, and soil are present? Is the ground 

sloping? If so, is it sloping to the east, west, north or south? With these factors in 

mind, keep looking in similar habitats. This is the most likely way to fill your 

basket. 

Once you're certain of your identification, cut off the base of the stalk. Then slice 

the whole morel in half vertically, and gently brush or blow away any insects, dirt, 

sand, or plant debris.



Morels usually grow in the same place for several years but may skip one or more 

years between fruitings. Look for them next year wherever you find them this 

year. If you don't find any there next year, check again the year after that. 

If you try and try, but don't find any morels, there is another option---many 

gourmet shops stock dried morels. Be prepared for "sticker shock": one ounce of 

dried morels might cost you fifteen dollars or more. That's a rather steep price for 

something that's free when you can find it, but even the most experienced morel 

hunters have been known to splurge on a small jar when that's the only way to get 

some. 

Order an autographed copy of 

EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS OF NORTH AMERICA 

Webpage copyright ©1997, 1998 by David W. Fischer. All rights reserved. This 

site maintained by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail address is basidium@aol.com 

is part of 


Most recent update: 6 March 2002

"Mushroomers Online!": South America and Central America 


Directory 

South America and 

Central America 

ARGENTINA 

BRAZIL 

CHILE 

COLOMBIA 

PERU 

URUGUAY 

VENEZUELA 

ARGENTINA 

NAME/LOCATION: Horacio Rocha Kapus, Buenos 

Aires, Argentina 

E-MAIL: agecocom@fibertel.com.ar 

INTEREST(S): Primarily Interested in Cultivation ---- 

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Beginner 

3/00 

BRAZIL 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/southame.html (1 of 7) [5/3/2004 9:38:58 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Paulo Avancini, São Lourenço da 

Serra, São Paulo, Brazil 

E-MAIL: sitiotiocarlos@uol.com.br 

INTEREST(S): Interested in Edibles and Cultivation ---- 

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Intermediate 

COMMENTS: I´m an agronomist and a small farmer of 

Lentinula edodes and shiitake. I´m studing the possibility 

of producing champignon and Pleurotus in protec house.



I´d also like to look for mushrooms in the forest (Atlantic 

rain forest). 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Fernando Cavalcante, Nova 

Friburgo-RJ, Brazil 

E-MAIL: cantefer@netflash.com.br 



COMMENTS: I want to know about production of edible 

mushrooms. 

NAME/LOCATION: Vitorina Nerivania Covello, 

Recife, Brazil 

E-MAIL: covello@npd.ufpe.br 

INTEREST(S): Scientific Interest in Mycology ---- 


COMMENTS: I am a biology student at Federal Rural 

University. My chief Lab is Dra. Maria Meneses and she 

sugests that my work will be about Cylindrocladium. I 

need some information about this genus. 1 Jan. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Rodrigo Nunes Fuchter, 

Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil 

E-MAIL: rodrigofuchter@zipmail.com.br 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Limited Experience 

COMMENTS: My interest is in cultivating and selling 

(principally export) mushrooms (any kind) all over the 

world. I have partners and the whole preparation for this. 

7/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Rodrigo Henriques, Brasilia, 

Distrito Federal Brasil 

E-MAIL: odgo@nutecnet.com.br 



COMMENTS: I started growing medicinal mushrooms a 

year ago. First Agaricus blazei Murril and now Shiitake 

and Ganoderma lucidum. I am looking to share 

experiences. 28 Jan. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Margarida M. de Mendonça, 

Florianopolis, Brazil 

E-MAIL: margarid@iaccess.com.br 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Qualified Expert Mycologist 

COMMENTS: University professor of a graduate






program, teaching mycology and advising students in 

research projects of cultivation of edible and medicinal 

mushrooms. Also developing extension projects with 

mushroom producers in South Brazil. 5/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Lucio Pentagna Guimarães Neto, 

Belo Horizonte, Brazil 

E-MAIL: lucio@horiz.com.br 



COMMENTS: I'm begining a shiitake farm, and I would 

like to receive information about it. I also would like to 

talk to people that make mushroom farm projects. 

NAME/LOCATION: Rogerio Martins Ribeiro, Belo 

Horizonte - Minas Gerais, Brazil 

E-MAIL: cogumex@brhs.com.br 



COMMENTS: I'm a brasilian Agaricus Blazei Murrill 

producer, and I just found out how wonderful mushrooms 

are. At the moment, I'm selling to a Japanese company 

about 300Kg/monthly, but I'm capable of producing more 

and more, and North America is in my sights. 7/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Luiz Amaro Páschoa da Silva, 

Itatiba S.P., Brazil 

E-MAIL: sunshiitake@lexxa.com.br 



COMMENTS: Shiitake grower (log based) running a 

little company (Sunshiitake) in Brazil. About 30.000 logs. 

Begining cultivation on sawdust blocks. 

NAME/LOCATION: Luiz C. H. Santos, Porto Alegre, 

Brasil 

E-MAIL: 4santos@pro.via-rs.com.br 



COMMENTS: I'm a engineer and my wife is a biologist. 

We have interest in cultivation of edible sub-tropical 

species, just for our climate. We are looking for 

commercial suppliers of spores, in Brasil. We appreciate 

also information about substrate, compost and yields.





CHILE 

NAME/LOCATION: Gonzalo Urquieta C., Santiago, 

Chile 

E-MAIL: g.u.c. @ Entel Chile. Net 

INTEREST(S): General Interest in Nature ---- 

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Experienced Student 

COMMENTS: I´m a wild mushroom picker (hobby), and 

also a producer and exporter. Here in Chile we mainly 

harvest Boletus luteus, Lactarious deliciosus, and morels. 

My principal interest is to contact people and companies 

that work with these mushrooms. Also it will be very 

interesting for me to know about the developing of the 

wild mushroom harvest season at the West and East 

Coast. Funghi Chile Fax: 56-2-8426378. 

NAME/LOCATION: Tomohiro Kamogawa, Santiago, 

Chile 

E-MAIL: tomogaw@ibm.net 



COMMENTS: I like nature and finding mushrooms, also 

to eat. I am not a scientist but have much interest. Right 

now I am living in Chile and sometimes I encounter wild 

mushrooms in the field that are very similar to those I 

know in Japan, for example a group of Lactarius or 

Suillus. 

NAME/LOCATION: Jorge Robledo, Concepción, Chile 

E-MAIL: yogui@entelchile.net 



COMMENTS: I´m student of biology and I'm very 

interested in mycology. 11/99 

COLOMBIA 


NAME/LOCATION: Graciela Chalela Alvarez, 

Bucaramanga, Colombia 

E-MAIL: gchalela@b-manga.cetcol.net.co 



COMMENTS: My interest is on the taxonomy of fungi. I 

am teching in the highest univerisity of the easthern of


Colombia. I am research director of the Center of 

Innovation in Industrial Biotechnology. We are working 

in Bioremediation with fungus. 

ECUADOR 

NAME/LOCATION: Paul Moreno Arteaga, Riobamba, 

Chimborazo, Ecuador 

E-MAIL: webmaster@exploringecuador.com 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Qualified Expert Mycologist* 

COMMENTS: Chemistry BS with two years postgraduate 

in Biotechnology. I'm actually cultivating Lentinus edodes 

(shiitake) and doing a research project about Boletus 

luteus. Information exchange with experienced cultivators 

will be helpful. 10/99 

PERU 


NAME/LOCATION: César Augusto Chimey Henna, 

Lima, Perú 

E-MAIL: cesarchimey@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: My interest is in growing edibles and 

medicinals mushrooms. I have some experience with 

Pleurotus, Auricularia, Lentinula and Ganoderma but not 

with Agaricus species. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Elmer Iquira, Arequipa, Peru 

E-MAIL: eliquira@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I am working with shitake, I have been 

succesful in my first trial. I would like to grow it in a 

comercial way, but I have some dificulties. Besides, I 

want to grow himematsutake, because I think here in 

Arequipa, Peru, the climate is good for it. My problem is 

finding the best strains for my projects. 9/99


URUGUAY 

NAME/LOCATION: Fernanda Andion, Canelones, 

Uruguay 

E-MAIL: ferdion@adinet.com.uy 

INTEREST(S): Primarily Interested in Edibles ---- 


COMMENTS: I want to know about edible mushrooms in 

my country. 

NAME/LOCATION: Adela Bocking, Montevideo, 

Uruguay 

E-MAIL: svarela@chasque.apc.org 



COMMENTS: I am interested in cultivating edible 

mushrooms. It is important for me to be in touch with a 

great number of mushroomers to learn all about such 

great culture. 

VENEZUELA 


NAME/LOCATION: Juan Arzac, Valera, Estado 

Trujillo, Venezuela 

E-MAIL: jjarzac@telcel.net.ve 



COMMENTS: Shiitake and reishi grower running a little 

company in Venezuela. 6/98 



is part of




Last updated on 12 May 2000

"Mushroomers Online!": CANADA 


Directory 

CANADA 

Alberta -- British Columbia -- Manitoba -- Nova Scotia -- 

Ontario -- Quebec 

Alberta 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/canada.html (1 of 13) [5/3/2004 9:39:00 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Frank Devereux, Alberta, 

Canada 

E-MAIL: jeanned@ccinet.ab.ca 



COMMENTS: My experience is limited. 3 years ago a 

forest fire crossed the highway not far from my home. I 

was reading some info on morels and found the area may 

contain these mushrooms one year after the fire. I 

checked the area and to my enjoyment there were 

hundreds of these mushrooms. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Murray R. Falk, Calgary, 

Alberta, Canada 

E-MAIL: falkm@cadvision.com 



COMMENTS: Last summer, my wife and I took a 

mushroom ID course at the Inglewood Sanctuary (which 

we would highly recommend) from a University of 

Calgary professor. Since then, we have found a number of 

locations in or near Calgary with abundance of the five 

or six species that we are confident in. We want to expand 

this in future, and would welcome contacts by others 

nearby with similar experience. 

NAME/LOCATION: Marc J. Kirchmeier Ph.D, 

Edmonton, Alberta 

E-MAIL: Marc.Kirchmeier@ualberta.ca 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Intermediate


COMMENTS: I have been collecting wild edibles for the 

last five years. I have some experience in cultivating 

edibles. 1 Dec. 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Mark Townsend, Calgary, 

Alberta, Canada 

E-MAIL: marktown@cadvision.com 



COMMENTS: Picking edibles in the Calgary Region. 

British Columbia 


NAME/LOCATION: Tom Atkinson, Terrace, British 

Columbia 

E-MAIL: westernmost@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have been in Terrace for a few years 

now, but started in the Yukon seven years ago by picking 

morels. I am primarily interested in morels but I will also 

pick pine mushrooms. 7/99 

NAME/LOCATION: George Bolton, Powell River, 


E-MAIL: margeo@prcn.org 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Advanced Student 

COMMENTS: I'm always a student when it comes to 

mushrooms. My wife and I have been picking for over 25 

years. We live for the summer/fall season. So we can pick 

"Channies," "Balets" and "Pines." We spend at least 

4-1/2 months a year in the great outdoors. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Allan Goosney, Invermere, 


E-MAIL: cgoose@cyberlink.bc.ca 



COMMENTS: I am a forest fire fighter and 

environmental scientist interested in selling 3 different 

species of dried morels. The nature of my work allows me 

to find and pick wild morels in otherwise inaccessible 

places. Will export anywhere possible. 8/99






NAME/LOCATION: June Harris, Agassiz, British 

Columbia, Canada 

E-MAIL: news@bcafc.org 



COMMENTS: I have been shrooming for about 10 years 

and learn a bit more each year. My interest is find the 

different edible mushrooms in our area. We also pick 

commercially from time to time. It is very exciting when 

you find a huge, beautiful specimen. 

NAME/LOCATION: Margot Izard, Duncan, British 

Columbia, Canada 

E-MAIL: Margot @gec.net 



COMMENTS: 25+ years of gathering and a belief in 

eating what grows as close to home as possible... and 

protecting it! Now that I have much more garden space 

and live beside a large park (river, cottonwoods, maple, 

swamp), I want to learn more about cultivating 

mushrooms. I want to photo/write a guide to this area, 

probably just for people visiting my house. 

NAME/LOCATION: Randy Marchand, Campbell 

River, British Columbia 

E-MAIL: rmarchand@online.bc.ca 



COMMENTS: My main interest is in the commercial 

harvesting of wild edible fungi in the Pacific Northwest. I 

wish to share ideas on how to promote this 

enviromentally friendly industry. I have been involved in 

this industry in the northwest for many years and have a 

good knowledge of the many types of harvested fungi 

here, also a good knowledge of areas to look for fungi in 

BC and the Yukon. Looking to buy mushrooms! See my 

web site for morels, pine, chanties, and "others": 

http://www.online.bc.ca/~mushroom 

NAME/LOCATION: Kevin Mitchell, Denman Island, 


E-MAIL: ebus354@island.net 



COMMENTS: We are avid mycoholic mushroom





hunters, harvesters and recently, cultivators of edible 

gourmet mushrooms. We are interested in growroom 

systems that are cost efficient and user friendly. Need an 

autoclave, shelving, and much more! Happy to resond to 

aspiring cultivators! 3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Rod Pooley and Carmen Stanek, 

Lake Country/Okanagan, British Columbia 

E-MAIL: cstanek@cnx.net 



COMMENTS: We have been picking edible wild 

mushrooms for about the past 15 years, and were 

formerly memebers of the Vancouver Mycological 

Society. We are interested in talking with others in our 

area (or elsewhere) to start an Okanagan Mycological 

Society, or just to exchange information about wild 

mushrooms etc. 10/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Brian Skakun, Prince George, 


E-MAIL: B.J.S.@bc.sympatico.ca 



COMMENTS: Hi Im a pine mushroom picker in the 

Prince George area and have picked for several years. I 

love the outdoors and would like to meet others interested 

in picking pines in the area. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Robert Gregory Stacey, Nelson, 

British Columbia, Canada 

E-MAIL: rstacey@awinc.com 



COMMENTS: I've been picking mushrooms for four or 

so years, I've taken a couple of local courses on 

identification of common fungi, but mostly I've learned 

what I know by reading books and stomping around in the 

woods. 8 Feb. 1998 

Manitoba 


NAME/LOCATION: Lorry Broatch, Carberry, 

Manitoba


E-MAIL: Lorry@techplus.com 



COMMENTS: Interested in local mushrooms, both edible 

and non-edible. 

NAME/LOCATION: Steve Davies, Winnipeg, 

Manitoba 

E-MAIL: ronad@pangea.ca 



*COMMENTS: Ph.D. in Applied Mycology but not a 

specialist in taxonomy. Have collected wild mushrooms 

edible and otherwise for 25 years. Employed as 

researcher in applied microbiology/mycology 

(fermentations). In the past have conducted research in 

specialty mushroom cultivation. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Brian W. Tokar, Winnipeg, 

Manitoba, Canada 

E-MAIL: britokar@homepage.com 



COMMENTS: interests include researching, 

photographing, picking, gourmet cooking and eating wild 

mushrooms. 3/00 

Newfoundland 

NAME/LOCATION: Jim MacNeil, Corner Brook, 

Newfoundland, Canada 

E-MAIL: bmacneil@nf.sympatico.ca 



COMMENTS: I am interested in getting infomation from 

anyone who can help me set up a small mushroom supply 

business concentrating on chanterelles and morels. 

Prices to supplier or local restaurants would be 

appreciated. 4/00 

Nova Scotia 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/canada.html (5 of 13) [5/3/2004 9:39:00 PM]



NAME/LOCATION: Dinamarca Lorenzen-King, 

Shubenacadie, Hants Co., Nova Scotia 

E-MAIL: lorenzen@ns.sympatico.ca 



COMMENTS: Along with my mother, I am the co-creator 

of the Lorenzen pottery mushrooms. I have hunted the 

mushrooms along with my sculptor parents since I was 

eight. My passion for hunting, finding and identifying 

mushrooms preceded by decades my love of sculpting 

them and painting them. I am anxious to exchange 

"mushroom" stories with other mushroomers. I don't 

bump into many in my forays and my profession keeps me 

isolated while I work. So happy to discover so many 

mushroomers out there! Just discovered cyberspace. 

Please put the "m" word on subject line of e-mail. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Don McCarthy, Nova Scotia, 

Canada 

E-MAIL: microkil@atcon.com 



COMMENTS: I am the president of Microkil Inc. a 

company that produces and sells parasitic nematodes for 

the control of numerous insects. Our product Steinernema 

feltiae, product name Microkil, is especially effective for 

the control of Sciarid flies. 

NAME/LOCATION: Michael Pope, Halifax, Nova 

Scotia 

E-MAIL: mikepope@ns.sympatico.ca 



COMMENTS: I am interested in edibles as well as 

looking at becoming a producer. Anyone with any info or 

tips would be welcomed. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Todd Tarrant, 1311 Maitland 

Bridge, Nova Scotia 

E-MAIL: ttarrant@mail.aurocom.com 



COMMENTS: I am a small mushroom grower from Nova 

Scotia and I primarily interested in locating a Choke type 

Compost turner for commercial use.


Ontario 


NAME/LOCATION: David Anderson, Long Point, 

Ontario 

E-MAIL: andyscap@nornet.on.ca 



COMMENTS: I am a grower principly of shiitake 

mushrooms. We use the synthetic oak log method and 

make our own spawns. I am interested in developing 

commercial growing methods for other varieties and 

would welcome suggestions and information on any 

mushroom species. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Les Bachmeier (Mr. Chips), 

Wheatley, Kent County, Ontario 

E-MAIL: wraca@mnsi.net 



COMMENTS: I live in an area of Carolinian forest with 

several good parks and excellent mushroom habitat. I 

have come to identify about sixteen delicious species 

within thirty miles of home, have tried established recipes 

(experimented with a few of my own) and have become 

quite knowledgeable locally on area mycelium. I don't 

attempt to memorize the scientific names but I'm smart 

enough to not poison myself or others. I'm looking for 

other interested mushroom hunters in Southwestern 

Ontario to swap foray stories, recipes, and info with. 

NAME/LOCATION: Nathan Botkin, Richmond Hill, 

Ontario 

E-MAIL: careers@the-wire.com 



COMMENTS: Have been hunting fungi for 25 years, 

started at age 8 with Grandpa. Love the thrill of the hunt 

without using guns. Whos' up for a hunt? 10/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Cassie Brindza, Fenelon 

Township, Ontario 

E-MAIL: shroom100@yahoo.com 





COMMENTS: I have taken a course in mycology at the 

University of Toronto. My primary interest is in finding 

edibles, but I do have an interest in cultivation. Am 

interested in meeting others with same interest for 

mushroom hunts. 11/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Craig Clifford, London, Ontario 

E-MAIL: sucliff@ibm.net 



COMMENTS: I am a chef in London, Ontario, and have 

just started mushroom hunting. I have found many in the 

Goderich/Bayfield area, but I am nervous about eating 

them and am looking for assistance with identification. 

NAME/LOCATION: Jonathan Colvin, Toronto, 

Ontario 

E-MAIL: jcolvin@io.org 



COMMENTS: Mostly edibles. Member of Mycological 

Society of Toronto. http://www.io.org/~jcolvin 

NAME/LOCATION: Nancy Ironside, Orillia, Ontario 

E-MAIL: nancy.ironside@encode.com 



COMMENTS: I am interested in the ecology of 

mushrooms: the why and where they grow, and how they 

cope with stress. I am trying to inventory 2 areas: one on 

the Precambrian Shield (near my home), and one on the 

limestone plains of Manitoulin Island. Unfortunately my 

taxonomic skills are inadequate, but I am trying, and 

appreciate any help available. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Wilfred Kuipers, Ingersoll, 

Ontario 

E-MAIL: tallieu@Lonet.ca 



COMMENTS: I own a mushroom farm and am always 

looking at any update information that is available. 

NAME/LOCATION: Alan J. McQuillan, London, 

Ontario 

E-MAIL: amcquillan@golden.net 

INTEREST(S): Primarily Interested in Edibles ----




COMMENTS: I have no experience at all, except for 

finding one puffball last summer. It was delicious. I would 

like to know more about edible wild mushrooms. 8/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Jason Pang, Toronto, Ontario, 

Canada 

E-MAIL: junchengp@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have a master's degree in mycology. I 

have effective educational background in edible 

mushrooms, including Agaricus, Lentinus, Pleurotus, 

Flammulina, Auricularia, Volvariella, Hercium, etc. I also 

have ten years experience in mushroom cultivation, 

breeding, pest & disease control, supplements and 

process. 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Diana Provencal, Appleton, 

Ontario 

E-MAIL: groomer@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: My interest in mushrooms is for food and 

now I need help in positive identification for my location 

(Ottawa). My passion started about 5 years ago and I've 

read a lot of reference books and picked a lot of 

mushrooms but as of yet I have not picked up a 

microscope. I need help and a microscope. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Bruno Pretto, Goodwood 

(Toronto area), Ontario, Canada 

E-MAIL: bpretto@io.org 



COMMENTS: NAMA Representative for Mycological 

Society of Toronto. Gourmet mushroom grower and 

supplier of cultivation books and supplies for home 

growers and small commercial growers. 1 Dec. 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Scott A. Redhead, Ottawa, 

Ontario 

E-MAIL: redheads@em.agr.ca 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Qualified Expert* 

COMMENTS: Senior research scientist for Canadian 

federal government's agricultural department.



Specializing in mushroom taxonomy, biogeography, field 

ecology, nomenclature. Member of NAMA, MSA, JMS, 

IAPT. Developing a WWW database on Canadian 

mushrooms. Published on genera such as Xerula, 

Xeromphalina, Simocybe, Resinomycena, Stagnicola, 

Mythicomyces, Mitrula, Neolecta, Omphalina, 

Chromosera, Chrysomphalina, Phaeocollybia, Melanotus, 

Hypholoma, Hypsizygus, Tricholoma, Roeslerina, 

Bryoglossum, Ossicaulis, Neolentinus, Heliocybe, 

Phytoconis, Mycena, Marasmiellus, Phaeomarasmius, 

Pseudobaeospora, Strobilurus, Cyptotrama, Physalacria, 

Campanella, etc. Currently photographing mushrooms in 

N.A. In 1997, Chairperson for MSA Amateur Liaison 

Committee. 

NAME/LOCATION: Jerry Snow, Ottawa, Ontario 

E-MAIL: jls_ky_98@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: Being a native of Kentucky, morels are 

one of my favorites; I am interested in hunting them in 

Canada. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Howard Szafer, Toronto, Ontario 

E-MAIL: howardz@idirect.com 



COMMENTS: Amateur taxonomist with some field 

experience. 

http://www.scsi.org/hzp/Clampconnexions.html has vegan 

fungal recipes 

NAME/LOCATION: Nicholas Tjia, Ontario, Canada 

E-MAIL: nicholas.tjia@sympatico.ca 



COMMENTS: Interested in researching the possibility of 

setting up edible mushroom cultivation business. 

NAME/LOCATION: Stanko Vuleta, Ottawa, Ontario 

E-MAIL: sonja@capitalnet.com 



COMMENTS: I am a mushroom hunter interested in 

swapping stories, locations (Ottawa area) and recepies. 

NAME/LOCATION: Marek Warunkiewicz, Toronto,


Ontario 

E-MAIL: marekw@home.com 



COMMENTS: I'm interested in Edibles, but also in 

cultivation. I'd like to know more about both, especially 

foraging in Ontario. I did a lot in Montréal, but don't 

know any areas in ontario. 10/99 

Quebec 


NAME/LOCATION: Luc Blouin, Montréal, Québec 

E-MAIL: lblouin@aei.ca 



COMMENTS: 

NAME/LOCATION: Denis Boulanger, Sutton, Québec 

E-MAIL: denisb@granby.net 



COMMENTS: Have been gathering for 6 years, read 

books, have attended two one-day seminars and am 

interested in dispensing a 6-hour introductory course to 

beginners. Would love to learn more about 

indentification, and preparing edible mushrooms. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Yves Lamoureux, Montreal, 

Quebec 

E-MAIL: y.lamoureux@videotron.ca 



COMMENTS: I'm working for the Montreal mycological 

club on an inventory of Quebec macromycetes since 1988. 

Principal interest in Tricholoma, Lactarius, Amanita, 

Pluteus, Cortinarius, and Boletes. 10/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Andre Lavoie, Quebec, Canada, 

Quebec 

E-MAIL: andrelav@total.net 



3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Andre Paul, Boucherville,



Québec, Canada 

E-MAIL: ankama@globetrotter.net 



COMMENTS: Cortinarius (genus). 2/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Benoit Ponton, 

St-Bruno-de-Montarville, Québec 

E-MAIL: benoit.ponton@sympatico.ca 



COMMENTS: Member since last year (1998) of "Cercle 

des mycologues de Montréal". Took initiation course with 

Mr. Yves Lamoureux. Went to several hunt in the wild 

with them. Fascinated with the diversity of mushrooms. 

2/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Manon Robitaille, St-Lazare, 

Quebec, Canada 

E-MAIL: Manonj7t2s6@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: I started mushroom hunting back in Fall 

of 1997. I am interested in someone who would be 

interested in coming with me (would have to be on 

weekends). I have so far collected chanterelles, boletes, 

parasols and some great tasting Agaricus in my area. 

10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jules Tremblay, Évain, Abitibi, 

Québec 

E-MAIL: julestremblay@sympatico.ca 



10 December 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Patrick Tremblay, Québec, 

Bonaventure (Québec) 

E-MAIL: patrem@globetrotter.qc.ca 



This site maintained by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail




is part of 


Last updated on 28 March 2001

"Mushroomers Online!": MEXICO 


Directory 

MEXICO 

MEXICO 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/mexico.html (1 of 4) [5/3/2004 9:39:01 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Jaime R. Abitia, Mexico City, 

MEXICO 

E-MAIL: msmark@puromexico.com.mx 



COMMENTS: By the time I am working in my personal 

project in commercial mushroom cultivation with Oyster 

and Shiitake, at an abandoned pigs farm. We are a five 

guys team. We started six months ago. We will do our 

best effort. We will seek toward new species cultivation 

and spreading of mushroom cultivation knowledge in our 

region in the next years, sharing information with 

cultivators and students. We are constituting right now a 

grower´s union (maybe the first one in Mexico with 

goverment recognition). We will keep you informed. 

NAME/LOCATION: Marco Antonio Vargas Aguirre, 

Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 

E-MAIL: marcoant@mail.vinet.com.mx 



COMMENTS: I want to know how to cultivate Agaricus, 

Pleurotus and Morchella. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Rafael Villalobos Galan, Mexico 

City, Mexico 

E-MAIL: rgalan@acei.upibi.ipn. 



COMMENTS: --- 3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Mauricio Carlos Quintana 

Covantes, San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico 

E-MAIL: cintain@yahoo.com





COMMENTS: Recently decided to begin a small home 

cultivation project as a hobby. Interested in learning 

about collecting in the wild and about cultivation 

techniques, as well as organizing forays and cooperating 

in setting up a network of amateur/professional 

mycologists in Mexico. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Arturo Ruíz García, Metepec, 

México, México 

E-MAIL: arruhon@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: I have some experience in cultivation 

bottoms and shiitake. Over 18 years ago I tried some 

forms for growing morels indoors with no success, I am 

still trying if somebody could help me. 8/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Alejandro Gonzalez, Pachuca, 

Mexico 

E-MAIL: ucghgo@netpac.net.mx 



COMMENTS: I´m intersed in pleurotus and shitake. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Gerardo Hernandez, San Luis 

Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico 

E-MAIL: gemaco@slp.intermex.com.mx. 



COMMENTS: I have been growing white mushrooms for 

the last 4 years and I am exploring the internet so I think 

it is a good idea to get related to anybody in the 

mushroom buisness. I have 6 rooms 4000 ft each. The 

price on whites is very low. I can make a joint venture 

with anybody interested in other kind if they have the 

market. 

NAME/LOCATION: Ing. Enrique Coronado G., 

Mérida, Yucatán, México 

E-MAIL: ecor@sureste.com 



COMMENTS: I´m a beginner and I am very interesed for 

cultivation of mushroom in Yucatán, but i need know 

more about the technologies and trade of mushroom.






NAME/LOCATION: Jesús García Jiménez, Cd. 

Victoria, Tamaulipas, México 

E-MAIL: jgarmor@correo.tamnet.com.mx 



COMMENTS: My preference is the Taxonomy of 

Boletaceae. I was publishing some papers related to 

Boletes of México and Central America together with Dr. 

Rolf Singer (lost in 1993), today I'm doing the MS at 

Universidad de Nuevo León, México and my topic is The 

Boletes of México with interesting advances in the 

Taxonomy and Biogeography.1 Dec. 1997 



is part of 


Last updated on 29 August 2000





http://members.aol.com/basidium/mexico.html (4 of 4) [5/3/2004 9:39:01 PM]

"Mushroomers Online!": WEST INDIES 


Directory 

WEST INDIES 

JAMAICA 

JAMAICA 

PUERTO RICO 

TRINIDAD 

JAMAICA 

NAME/LOCATION: Robert Terrelonge, Kingston, 

Jamaica, West Indies 

E-MAIL: terry@cwjamaica.com 



COMMENTS: I primarily Cultivate Oysters on a very 

small scale (500 lbs per week). I am interested in other 

species, that can be grown alongside these. 7/99 

PUERTO RICO 

NAME/LOCATION: Maritere Rodrguez, Mayaguez, 

Puerto Rico 

E-MAIL: 7021@darwin.upr.clu.edu 



TRINIDAD 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/windies.html (1 of 4) [5/3/2004 9:39:02 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Rawle Ramchand, Trinidad, 

West Indies 

E-MAIL: rsram@cablenett.net 

INTEREST(S): Interested in Edibles and Cultivation ----


http://members.aol.com/basidium/windies.html (2 of 4) [5/3/2004 9:39:02 PM] 


COMMENTS: I have been growing Agaricus on a very 

small scale for the past four years. My weekly production 

is roughly about 1000 lbs. per week. I use rice straw and 

bagasse as the main ingredients of my substrate. It is 

difficult to grow Agaricus in the tropics. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Dianne Sudama, Port of Spain, 

Trinidad, West Indies 

E-MAIL: dianne.sudama@infotech.co.tt 



COMMENTS: I love the taste of mushrooms, very 

expensive here in Trinidad, would like to try and grow 

them in my home garden. 



is part of 


Last updated on 21 July 1999





http://members.aol.com/basidium/windies.html (3 of 4) [5/3/2004 9:39:02 PM]





http://members.aol.com/basidium/windies.html (4 of 4) [5/3/2004 9:39:02 PM]

"Mushroomers Online!": Southeast Region, USA 


Directory 

Southeast Region, USA 

Alabama -- Arkansas -- Florida -- Georgia -- Louisiana -- 

North Carolina -- Oklahoma -- South Carolina -- 

Tennessee-- Texas 

Alabama 

Presently no listings. 

Arkansas 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/seusa.html (1 of 8) [5/3/2004 9:39:03 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Stephen C. Graves, M.D., Fort 

Smith, Arkansas 

E-MAIL: sgraves@ipa.net 



COMMENTS: Emergency Physician, St. Edward Mercy 

Medical Center. Interests include collecting, toxicology, 

and ethnobotany. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jay Justice, Little Rock, 

Arkansas 

E-MAIL: justice@aristotle.net 



COMMENTS: Co-founder of Arkanasa Mycological 

Society; NAMA member since 1980. Interests include 

mushroom taxonomy, their geographic distribution, their 

ecology and the toxins, pigments and odors present in 

them. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Tom E. Kimmons, Shirley, 

Arkansas


E-MAIL: Shirlcdc@artelco.com 



COMMENTS: I am the Director of the Shiitake 

Mushroom Center located in Shirley, Arkansas. We offer 

training and production Seminars every Spring and Fall, 

plus workshops, computer classes and Shiitake tours of 

our facility each Saturday or by appointment. We also 

offer "How to Grow Shiitake" videos, books, and various 

inoculation supplies and consulting. Our web site is 

www.shiitakecenter.com and phone is 501 723 4443. 

12/98 

Florida 


NAME/LOCATION: Gregory Cobb, Panama City, 

Florida 

E-MAIL: capncobb@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I wish to contact others in the Florida 

Panhandle with more knowledge of edibles than I have 

(one year). Would like to hear from other newbies as well. 

8/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Joe Degnan, Orlando, Florida 

Note---Winters in Orlando; permanent residence in Rhode 

Island 

E-MAIL: panopo@earthlink.net 



COMMENTS: Primarily interested in gaining more 

experience in identification of fungi, especially toxic and 

edibles. Second primary interest is in socializing with the 

amazing variety of "shroomers" one meets at the forays. 

Member of Connecticut Valley Mycological Society, 

NAMA, Past President of Nutmeg Mycological Society 

[Now defunct.] Have camper, will travel!! 11/99 

NAME/LOCATION: David M. Dennis, Sarasota, 

Florida 

E-MAIL: ddennis@home.com 







COMMENTS: I am interested in mushroom photography. 

2/99 

NAME/LOCATION: William R. Pinkstaff, Brandon, 

Florida 

E-MAIL: wpinksta@tampabay.rr.com 



COMMENTS: An avid hunter from boyhood, I have been 

looking for Morels since I was old enough to follow dad 

through the woods. I am especially interested in 

identifying any regions in Northern Florida, Southern 

Georgia or Southern Alabama which might yield the ever 

elusive Morels. 3/99 

Georgia 


NAME/LOCATION: Carl Miller, Atlanta, Georgia 

E-MAIL: camiller@bellsouth.net 



COMMENTS: Interested primarily in edibles, but try to 

identify as many as I can. I use microscopic, chemical 

and field characters. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Garland Edward Pendergraph, 

Ph.D, South Georgia, Georgia 

E-MAIL: garlandp@surfsouth.com 



COMMENTS: Primary interests in medical mycology 

and basidomycete identification. Thirty years of 

experience with Ph.D in Parasitology and Mycology, 

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Roy Taylor, Atlanta metropolitan 

area, Georgia 

E-MAIL: volcane@volcane.com 



COMMENTS: Though I've lived on both coasts (and 

enjoyed the West coast very much), I'm happy to say that 

something's often flushing here, and if it is - then I'm 

usually ready to foray! Although boletes and chaterelles





are wonderful, I for some reason find myself consuming 

and being consumed by trichs... 12/98 

Louisiana 

NAME/LOCATION: Steven Latter, New Orleans, 

Louisiana 

E-MAIL: slatter@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I recently bought a place in the country, 

and I have noticed a huge amount of different types of 

mushrooms. Have purchased a few books, but don't have 

the confidence. Looking for anyone in this area with 

similar interest, would be happy to share what I have with 

someone who can help me learn. 7/99 

North Carolina 


NAME/LOCATION: Geoffrey Balme, 

Zebulon/Raleigh, North Carolina 

E-MAIL: geoffrey_balme@ncsu.edu 



COMMENTS: I've been studying mycology 

academically/privately for about ten years. I enjoy 

hunting and identifying the fleshy fungi. 7/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Teresa Jane Halley, Durham, 

North Carolina 

E-MAIL: thalley@dbulls.com 



COMMENTS: Grew up hunting morels in Ohio. Recently 

relocated to North Carolina and miss my hobby. 5/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Linda Larsen, Asheville, North 

Caroloina 

E-MAIL: llarsen@buncombe.main.nc.us 



4/00



NAME/LOCATION: John Lindsey Neighbors, 

Providence, North Carolina 

E-MAIL: jlandtt@mindspring.com 



COMMENTS: I was introduced to Morel mushrooms 

about five years ago. It took me three years to finally find 

one and I've been hooked since. Here they are called 

"Hickory Chicks" or "Sand Chickens". Very few people in 

my area will eat them, but that just leaves more for me. I 

found about 160 last year, mostly right behind my house. 

3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Jonathan Robie, Durham, North 

Carolina 

E-MAIL: jwrobie@mindspring.com 



COMMENTS: We lived in Germany for 7-1/2 years, 

where people regularly gathered various Boletes and 

Chanterelles. These are still the main kinds that we 

gather. We have lived in North Carolina since mid-1995, 

and would be very happy to get in touch with someone 

who lives in North Carolina and knows the local 


NAME/LOCATION: Craig Stevens, Apex, North 

Carolina 

E-MAIL: Craig901@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I am interested in the collection of wild 

morel mushrooms (Morchella sp.) in North Carolina. 

When I lived in Ohio, I knew where to gather them in the 

spring. However, in North Carolina, I don't know where 

would be best to try to hunt them. I am considering the 

Piedmont area. Any suggestions? 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Linda Young, western North 

Carolina 

E-MAIL: butterfly1@citcom.net 



COMMENTS: Interest has developed due to proliferation 

of mushrooms in this area and the desire to try new 

gastronomical delights. 12/98


Oklahoma 

NAME/LOCATION: Melvin Hill, Sapulpa, Oklahoma 

E-MAIL: Mycological@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I've always had a passion for mushrooms. 

I'm interested in providing my area with edible gourmet 

and "button mushrooms." Not the "Pro" grower, but 

trying. 1/00 

South Carolina 


Tennessee 


NAME/LOCATION: Gwynn Evans, Knoxville, 

Tennessee 

E-MAIL: gevans@covhlth.com 



COMMENTS: Member of NAMA since 1977. Eaten over 

200 species of wild mushrooms. Love to forage. 2/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Sidney F. Lanier, Oak Ridge, 

Tennessee 

E-MAIL: laniers@bellsouth.net 



COMMENTS: I have been keenly interested in 

mycophagy for about 30 years. There are about 40 good 

ones on my picking list, but I now carefully add a few 

each year. Nothing goes better with a prime ribeye than 

Amanita rubescens sautéed in butter, olive oil, and a little 

garlic! I also find some Caesar Amanitas each year, but 

that's the end of my list of edible Amanitas. I want to add 

something close to matsutake to my repertoire so if any 

'shroomers close by could help, I would like to hear from 

them. 12/98


NAME/LOCATION: Oliver Loveday, Hawkins 

County, Tennessee 

E-MAIL: oliver@nxs.net 



COMMENTS: I have been a beginner in mushrooming 

for over 25 years. I have a web page on line called 

"Fungi of the Week" featuring a new mushroom or 

fungus, sometimes identified. Generally found recently in 

the hardwood forest nearby. There is a contributor's 

gallery as well. E-mail for URL. 12/98 

Texas 


NAME/LOCATION: Karen A. Austin, El Paso, Texas 

E-MAIL: kaustin@whc.net 




NAME/LOCATION: Charla Gale Campbell, Denison, 

Texas 

E-MAIL: chevellus@aol.com 



COMMENTS: My dad use to take us mushroom hunting 

when we were little, we have kept the traditon going for 

our kids. We only hunt for morels, they are the only kind 

of edible we know. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Judy Ladd, Houston, Harris, 

Texas 

E-MAIL: judyl@accesscomm.net 



COMMENTS: I would like to get help identifying some 

mushrooms that grow in my yard. I would also like to be 

able to go mushroom hunting with people with similar 

interests here in the Houston area. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Kent Rice, Irving, Texas 

E-MAIL: lingchih@cyberramp.net 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Experienced Student



COMMENTS: I have hunted mushrooms in Texas for 10 

years. If you would like to learn more about the 

mushrooms of this area, visit my web site at 

www.cyberramp.net/~lingchih 12/98 



is part of 


Last updated on 1 August 2000

"Mushroomers Online!": Alaska & Hawaii, USA 


Directory 

Alaska & Hawaii, USA 

Alaska 

Hawaii 

Alaska 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/alaskusa.html (1 of 4) [5/3/2004 9:39:04 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Marilyn Berglin, Fairbanks, 

Alaska 

E-MAIL: berglin@northstar.k12.ak.us 



COMMENTS: I lead mushroom walks in the Fairbanks, 

Delta Jct area. Judge mushrooms at the fair and am 

certified by the state department of environmental 

conservation as a wild mushroom seller. I like to dry and 

can wild mushrooms and love to share knowledge with 

people who are genuinely interested in the fifth kingdom. 

6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Dave Gregovich, Juneau, Alaska 

E-MAIL: dgrego@ptialaska.net 



COMMENTS: I have been hunting/eating mushrooms in 

southeast Alaska for 4 years now. I am slowly expanding 

the number of species that I can identify confidently, and 

would like to keep learning more species. If you're in 

Alaska, drop by and we'll go mushroom hunting! 9/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Kevin King, Douglas/Juneau, 

Alaska 

E-MAIL: primo@ptialaska.net 



COMMENTS: I am part owner and head Mycologist/lab 

manager for K&L Enterprizes. We are in the Medicinal


and Gourmet mushroom business. We also produce 

extractions for medical firms and pharmacological firms. 

NAME/LOCATION: Charles Samuels, Anchorage, 

Alaska 

E-MAIL: arktika@alaska.net 



COMMENTS: I have been mushrooming for about 10 

years. Went to Russia on the first mushroom tour of that 

country in 1989. I am currently writing a windows based 

computer program to identify mushrooms. 

NAME/LOCATION: Judith Segall, Fairbanks, Alaska 

E-MAIL: snjcs1@alaska.edu 



COMMENTS: I am a student at the University of Alaska, 

Fairbanks. I am currently taking an incredible Mycology 

class taught by Dr. Gary Laursen. I do believe I have 

found what I would like to do with my life: study 

mushrooms. I am currently interested in medical 

treatment of mushroom poisonings. 11/98 

Hawaii 


NAME/LOCATION: David Goodgame, Honolulu, 

Hawaii 

E-MAIL: godam666@webtv.net 



COMMENTS: Have been in Hawaii 10 months and just 

want to get acquainted with the edible species of 

mushrooms available here. 

NAME/LOCATION: John C. Holliday, Puunene, 

Maui, Hawaii 

E-MAIL: jchme@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I am the owner of a small mushroom farm 

in Maui, Hawaii, specializing in the cultivation of 

medicinal and gourmet mushrooms. 9/99








is part of 


Last updated on 6 October 1999





http://members.aol.com/basidium/alaskusa.html (4 of 4) [5/3/2004 9:39:04 PM]

"Mushroomers Online!": Rocky Mountain Region, USA 


Directory 

Rocky Mountain Region, 

USA 

Arizona -- Colorado -- Idaho -- Montana -- Nevada -- 

New Mexico -- Utah -- Wyoming 

Arizona 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/rockusa.html (1 of 7) [5/3/2004 9:39:05 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: LaVerne Drommond, Tonto 

Basin, Gila County, Arizona 

E-MAIL: ldrommond@theriver.com 



COMMENTS: I have collected since 1981, in Arkansas, 

but am new to Arizona. I am close to mountains as well as 

deserts, and wish to learn the edibles in my area. 11/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Paul Holzer, Phoenix, Arizona 

E-MAIL: holzer@goodnet.com 



COMMENTS: A casual collector with an interest in 

photographs and edibles. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jerry F. Jaggers, Tucson, 

Arizona 

E-MAIL: jaggers@bigfoot.com 



COMMENTS: Interested in morels, boletes, and other 

edibles. New to Arizona and would like information on 

mushrooming in New Mexico and Colorado. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Helga Kivisto, Sahuarita, Arizona 

E-MAIL: normm10@gci-net.com




COMMENTS: I am interested in finding people 

interested in going on forays for edible mushrooms. I am 

a member of Pikes Peak Mycological Society in Colorado 

Springs. 7/99 

Colorado 


NAME/LOCATION: Lynn E. Cook, Western Slope, 

Colorado 

E-MAIL: ticklebomb@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: My interest is connecting with others with 

a common interest in hunting edibles on the Western 

Slope; Wood Ears, Shaggy Manes, Boletes and 

Chanterelles are of prime interest. 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Terry Lee, Fort Collins, Colorado 

E-MAIL: samcigar@fortnet.org 



COMMENTS: I am new to Colorado,I am from Seattle 

generally. I am always looking for cohorts to go 

mushroom hunting with. Drop me a line! 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Eli Meier, Boulder County, 

Colorado 

E-MAIL: elimeier@talkers.net 



COMMENTS: Experience: A couple years identifying 

and harvesting mushrooms, and three years at Telluride 

Mushroom Festival. I'm interested in mushroom hunting 

with others. 11/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Eric Tauer, Boulder, Colorado 

E-MAIL: eric_tauer@usa.net 



COMMENTS: I have enjoyed hunting morels in 

Wisconsin, and want to pick edibles here in Colorado. I 

am interested in learning the local mushrooms from a





mentor. I would like to combine mushroom hunting with 

hiking and camping. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Raymond L. Walker Ph.D., 

Littleton, Colorado 

E-MAIL: Wizard@Privatei.com 



COMMENTS: Truly a novice student in this most 

enjoyable field of interest. Spend several weeks each year 

hunting for mushrooms around our mountain cabin, 

outside of Blackhawk, Colorado. Always seeking to learn 

more about them and in listening to those the have 

learned by experience and field identification. 2/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Dian W. Williams, Erie, Colorado 

E-MAIL: DianWilliams1@compuserve.com 



COMMENTS: I want to learn where to go to find 

chanterelles, boletes and morels in Colorado. I live in the 

mountain area of Denver. 8/99 

Idaho 


NAME/LOCATION: Robert L. Chehey, Boise, Idaho 

E-MAIL: cheheyr@micron.net 



COMMENTS: Charter member of NIMA (Northern 

Idaho Mycological Soc.) Charter member and first 

president of SIMA (Southern, etc.) 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Tim Gerlitz, Coeur d'Alene, 

Northern Idaho, Idaho 

E-MAIL: ascent@ascentstudio.com 



COMMENTS: Past president of the North Idaho 

Mycological Association. Check out our website at 

www.nicon.org/nima 

Interested in visiting with folks about club related 

activities, cool shrooming stories and haunts, sociology of 

mycology, and high adventure. 1/99





NAME/LOCATION: Michael R. Giao, Hayden Lake, 

Idaho 

E-MAIL: giao@televar.com 



COMMENTS: My interest is in collecting mushrooms for 

identification, consumption, and cultivation. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Gary McNee, Firth, Idaho 

E-MAIL: tview@srv.net 



COMMENTS: Owner of Teton View Mushrooms, grow 

oyster and shiitake. Always looking for new strains and 

ideas. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Cynthia Senicka, Fort Hall, 

Idaho 

E-MAIL: senicynt@isu.edu 



COMMENTS: I love yummie mushrooms! I am starting 

an organic greenhouse and want to learn how to grow 

mushrooms like Portobello, shiitake, etc. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Genille Steiner, Boise, Ada 

County, Idaho 

E-MAIL: gsteiner@micron.net 



COMMENTS: I have organized and participated in 

spring and fall forays since 1976 with SIMA, Southern 

Idaho Mycological Association. I studied graduate level 

mycology under Dr. Orson K. Miller in Montana in 1985. 

Orson has served as one of our most frequent mycologists 

since 1976. Our spring and fall forays and mushroom 

identification workshops are held at or near McCall 

Idaho. I have had a scientific interest in fungus since 

1976 when I got started as a charter member of SIMA, 

when we hosted the 1976 NAMA Foray. SIMA has a 

database of fungus started in 1976 with over 2000 species 

and growing. 12/98 

Montana 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/rockusa.html (4 of 7) [5/3/2004 9:39:05 PM]


NAME/LOCATION: Valerie K. Johnson, Flathead 

County, Montana 

E-MAIL: dvjohn@cyberport.net 



COMMENTS: I like to pick wild mushrooms to eat. I 

have picked them for 25 years. 11/00 

Nevada 


New Mexico 

NAME/LOCATION: Howard McFarland, Santa Fe, 

New Mexico 

E-MAIL: Hmcf@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Interested in hunting edibles in the 

mountains of northern New Mexico. Have collected 

mainly boletes in Jemez and Sangre De Cristos Mts. 

Would like to learn of chanterelles, morels, and 

matsutakes. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Thomas Peña, Albuquerque, 

northern New Mexico, New Mexico 

E-MAIL: penat@gte.net 



COMMENTS: I enjoy hunting mushrooms as well as 

cooking them; my favorites are oysters, chanterelles and 

ceps. Learning about it everytime I go in the field. 4/00 

Utah 


NAME/LOCATION: Dennis Costesso, Ogden, Utah 

E-MAIL: Costfamily@aol.com 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Limited Experience


COMMENTS: Mainly interested in edibles that can be 

found locally in riparian woodlands and on the Wasatch 

front of the Rockies. Got interested in mushrooms after 

visiting my wife's uncle in Spain. Mushrooms hunting and 

gathering was almost a religion to him. His enthusium 

infected me. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Suzanne Mayne, Logan, Utah 

E-MAIL: smayne@excite.com 



COMMENTS: Graduate Student in Range Science 

specializing in plant ecology. I enjoy hunting and using 

edibles I find in the wild. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Daniel Perry, Salem, Utah 

County, Utah 

E-MAIL: DPerry6334@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I started learning about wild mushrooms 

in 1976, when I found a giant puffball. I like to eat! I 

thought that puffball was great! With the help of family 

and new friends (mycophiles) I have slowly added to my 

list of wild edibles over the last 24 years. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Michael Piep, Logan, Cache 

County, Utah 

E-MAIL: mpiep@excite.com 



COMMENTS: I am an upper division student at Utah 

State University with some experience in collecting 

various local edibles and other mushrooms for various 

fungal identification and ecology courses. 4/99 

Wyoming 


NAME/LOCATION: James Brian Connely, Casper, 

Wyoming 

E-MAIL: connely@coffey.com 



COMMENTS: I live, study, and hunt mushrooms in



Wyoming. I hunt yellow and black morels, Agaricus 

campetris, king boletes, chanterelles, oysters, and 

puffballs. I'm currently investigating the possibilities of 

matsutakes in my area. 12/98 



is part of 


Last updated on 29 Novemeber 2000

"Mushroomers Online!": California, USA 


Directory 

California, USA 

California 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/califusa.html (1 of 10) [5/3/2004 9:39:06 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Jean Armstrong, San Diego, 

California 

E-MAIL: JEAN012345@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I became interested in mushrooming when 

I lived in the hills of Valencia, Spain. The natives took me 

on forays and introduced me to the joys of hunting them 

and eating them! I've read about cultivation and am 

interested in that as well. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: David Bartolotta, San Francisco, 

California 

E-MAIL: david@bartolotta.com 



COMMENTS: I served as Culinary Chaiman for the 

Mycological Society of San Francisco for 3 years. Prior, 

during and since that time, my very dear friend, Larry 

Stickney, has taught me just about everything I know 

about fungi. I crave the walks in the forests, rain or shine. 

The company of other mushroomers is always a joy, and 

the sharing of the bounty around a camp fire humbles me 

and reminds me how fortunate we are to have this 

common interest. The Sunday walks with Fred Stevens 

have shown me new genera to feast upon; other teachers 

have been David Arora, David Campbell, Norm Andresen 

and Mike Boom. 

NAME/LOCATION: Ernie Bennett, Livermore, 

California 

E-MAIL: ebsb@trivalley.com 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Beginner



COMMENTS: l enjoy hunting the edibles and eating 

them. 10 December 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Heather Bonser, Arcata, 

California 

E-MAIL: hlb9@axe.humboldt.edu 



COMMENTS: I'm the editor of the newsletter for the 

Humboldt Bay Mycological Society. 

NAME/LOCATION: Ron Bosia, San Francisco, 

California 

E-MAIL: ronb@cea.edu 



COMMENTS: I love nature, to get out in the fresh air but 

I seem to need a good excuse to do it and I've found 

several. Fishing, canoeing, and more recently, 

mushrooming. Mushrooming has tapped into the inner 

scientist I didn't know I had in me, and it's really 

satisfying to eat things I find or catch along the way, 

especially when it's a patch of big, beautiful B. edulis. 

NAME/LOCATION: Phil Bunch, San Diego, California 

E-MAIL: pbunch@cts.com 



COMMENTS: While I am a beginner in this area I have 

worked as a biological consultant for 11 years and have 

an interest that extends beyond the available categories. I 

also am interested in the rusts and other diseases of 

riparian species. My experiance is limited to this (96/97) 

wet season. I am joining the new San Diego Mycological 

Society to enhance my learning opportunites and to help 

out where I can. I'm interested in meeting others in 

Southern California who share similar interests. 

NAME/LOCATION: John Michael Burns, Martinez, 

Contra Costa Co., California 

E-MAIL: newbuds@ix.netcom.com 



COMMENTS: I took an interest in Mushrooms about 2 

years ago. I have bought and read all the books that I 

could find. I have searched my local vicinity each winter, 

the object being to identify Mushrooms. The only ones I






have eaten are morels. It is a subject that continues to 

fascinate me. 1 Dec. 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Marcos Cabrera, Huntington 

Beach, California 

E-MAIL: marcos.cabrera@ingrammicro.com 



COMMENTS: I majored in mushrooms (mycology) at 

Humboldt State University. My academic interest were in 

taxonomy and molecular biology of mushrooms. I have an 

excellent knowledge of Northern California mushrooms 

and I am looking forward to learning the local species. 

1/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Judy Christensen, Graton, 

California 

E-MAIL: gratongaz@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I am the current President of Sonoma 

Mycological Association (SOMA) in Santa Rosa, Sonoma 

County,California. I avidly hunt edibles weekly and enjoy 

teaching others. 12/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Mike Coatsworth, Concord, 

California 

E-MAIL: ecomike1@crown-consulting.com 



COMMENTS: I am interested in growing them and 

cooking with them. Thanks! 

NAME/LOCATION: William "Stan" Collins II PhD, 

San Diego, California 

E-MAIL: Heli@k-online.com 



COMMENTS: I have been hunting and trying to cultivate 

morels for over 50 years. I presently have a 

well-equipped laboratory for mycology and microbiology 

and have done considerable research in morel 

cultivation. I have been more successful at finding wild 

morels here in San Diego than I have been at cultivation. 

6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Darvin DeShazer, Sebastopol,






California 

E-MAIL: muscaria@pacbell.net 



COMMENTS: I was a founder of the Sonoma County 

Mycological Association (SOMA), mushroom advisor to 

local hospitals and veterinarians, SOMA Webmaster and 

Scholarship Coordinator. 12/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Joseph P. Dougherty, San 

Francisco, California 

E-MAIL: SFJoe@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: --- 

NAME/LOCATION: Steve Farrar, Vista, California 

E-MAIL: alfarrar@aol.com 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Qualified Expert 

Mycologist--Cultivation 

COMMENTS: Commercial grower of enoki 

(Flammulina), oyster (Pleurotus) and hon-shimeji 

(Hypsizgus) mushrooms for 17 years utilizing Japanese 

polypropylene bottle production technologies. MS degree 

in Horticulture. 9/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Mary B. Foster, Northern 

Sonoma County, California 

E-MAIL: jrwchrtd@sonic.net 



COMMENTS: Novice interested in learning online and 

in the field. We have 160 acres; there must be mushrooms 

close by! 11/00 

NAME/LOCATION: John Gilles, Novato, Marin 

County, California 

E-MAIL: johnagilles@msn.com 



COMMENTS: It's difficult to NOT be interested in 

mushrooms when your house is virtually surrounded by 

dozens of species as mine was four years ago. Since then, 

right here in my hometown I've found Chanterelles, 

Matsutakes, Queen Boletes, Butter Boletes, Stinkhorns,



Geopora Cooperi and many more. Within the 

Marin/Sonoma area, I've found and identified more than 

one hundred species, and this year did particularly well 

with King Boletes and Black Chanterelles. I have an 

interest in medicinal mushrooms and their cultivation and 

I'm presently cultivating Ganoderma lucidum, among 

other species. I am a professional journalist and have 

published articles about mushrooms and mushroom 

poisonings. 

NAME/LOCATION: David Grubb, San Diego, 

California 

E-MAIL: Dave.Grubb@digm.com 



COMMENTS: Editor of the newsletter of the San Diego 

Mycological Society. Interested in mycology, mushroom 

identification, edibles, cooking, and recipes. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Ann Hobbs, Nevada City, Nevada 


E-MAIL: abcdhobb@nccn.net 



COMMENTS: In my area, I have hunted mushrooms, 

specifically Coccora successfully with an older neighbor 

who has done this all her life. Also, in recent years, after 

a timber sale on the property, have had morels come up 

and had them identified for me. 

NAME/LOCATION: Steve Kelem, Los Altos Hills, 

California 

E-MAIL: steve.kelem@xilinx.com 



COMMENTS: Interested in all types, identification 

methods, edibles only after checked by an expert. 12 Nov. 

1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Gina Koenig, Alameda, 

California 

E-MAIL: Gina.Koenig@Roche.com 



COMMENTS: Current Ph.D. student in Mycology. Avid 

collector of of chanterelles, hedgehogs, boletes when I 

can find them. Published electrophoretic karyotype of



Trichoderma. Studied human pathogen Coccidioides 

immitis. 

NAME/LOCATION: Clarine L. Lizana, San Mateo 


E-MAIL: wired2@earthlink.net 



COMMENTS: I became interested in mushrooms about 

eight years ago; they have become an obsession. I make 

trips every fall to Mt. Hood for Chanterelles and 

Matsutakes, in the spring it's Southern Oregon for morels. 

4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Scott Kenneth Mcphee, Sonoma 


E-MAIL: hyphae@msn.com 



COMMENTS: I am interested in virtually anything and 

everything fungal. For the past five years, my life has 

consisted of collecting, reading about, cultivating, 

dreaming of, and eating fungi. I'm a college student 

majoring in Botany/Natural Resources. 14 December 

1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Paul Miller, Santa Cruz County, 

California 

E-MAIL: paulbug@mhcamps.org 



COMMENTS: I love finding and identifying new species, 

and eating edible species I am familiar with. I also love to 

give away prime edibles, as I can only handle a small 

amount, and I normally find large numbers. 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: David O'Keefe, Corning, Tehama 

county, California 

E-MAIL: dokgok@webtv.net 



COMMENTS: I enjoy finding wild edible mushrooms. I 

especially like being in the places here this takes place. 

Although I classify myself as an intermediate, I am really 

a seven-year beginner with a healthy appreciation for 

caution. 12/98



NAME/LOCATION: Hadas Parag, Santa Barbara, 

California 

E-MAIL: holzapfe@lifesci.ucsb.edu 



COMMENTS: I've been mushroom hunting since 

childhood in Israel. In the last few years I lived in 

Germany and later in California and I'm trying to get 

acquainted with the mushrooms (and also plants) of every 

area I live at. California is delightful for me, with species 

richness much exceeding that of Israel, and with the 

wonderful book by Aurora. I admit my greatest passion 

for mushrooms are to get them into the frying pan 

(without the maggots), but I also enjoy finding poisonous 

Amanitas, they are so pretty. This is my 3rd winter in 

Santa Barbara, and we (myself and mushrooms) are 

doing quite well. I would like to thank my "mentor" 

Herman Brown, with whom I got in contact through this 

database last winter. 

NAME/LOCATION: Judith Parker, Lake Forest, 

Califoria 

E-MAIL: judithp3@prodigy.net 



COMMENTS: Just curious...want of know more. 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Steven Pencall, Southern 

California, California 

E-MAIL: spencall@genesisnetwork.net 



COMMENTS: Editor of the Los Angeles Mycological 

Society newsletter Spore Print. I've been mushrooming 

for 15 years in Southern California. My chief interests are 

mycophagy, cultural attitudes about mushrooms and 

mushroom picking, and ecology and distribution of fungi 

in the higher mountains of Southern California. I am 

concerned with restrictions on non-commercial 

mushroom collectors by government agencies. If you have 

problems with access to public land in your region, let me 

know. To subscribe to the Electronic Edition of The Spore 

Print, please send me a message with the words 

"subscribe Electronic Edition Spore Print" in the body of 

the message.



NAME/LOCATION: Tom Pitts, Nevada County, Grass 

Valley, California 

E-MAIL: mycolathotep@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have always been interested in fungi, 

and have taken my interest to almost an obsession! I have 

been interested in mushrooms for about four years, and 

am lucky enough to live in a fungi rich area. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Erik Ramberg, San Francisco, 

California 

E-MAIL: ramberg@cellnet.com 



COMMENTS: I've been cooking up goodies and combing 

the woods for 13 years, from Limoges to Marin! 

NAME/LOCATION: Charmoon Richardson, 

Forestville, California 

E-MAIL: charmoon@trr.metro.net 



COMMENTS: I've been mushrooming for over 20 years. 

I teach mushroom ID & cooking classes, have a small 

company called Wild About Mushrooms that organizes 

group forays and weekend mushroom camps, and am 

starting to cultivate a variety of species. I'm foray 

coordinator for SOMA (the Sonoma County mushroom 

club), and write a column for the monthly newsletter. 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Elissa Rubin-Mahon, Sonoma 


E-MAIL: mofungi@wclynx.com 



COMMENTS: I have collected mushrooms for over 20 

years. I write a culinary column for the newsletter of the 

Sonoma County Mycological Association. I am very 

interested in the cultural traditions of mushrooming, 

especially culinary ones, from other countries. I would 

welcome recipes, and insights from all. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Elio Schaechter, San Diego, 

California 

E-MAIL: mschaech@sunstroke.sdsu.edu





COMMENTS: I received awards for contributions to 

amateur mycology from NEMF and NAMA. I wrote "In 

the Company of Mushrooms," a book on "what are 

mushrooms" and their relationship to people. For 20 

years I edited the Bulletin of the Boston Mycological Club 

and helped found the San Diego Mycological Society. 

4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Henry Shaw, Walnut Creek, 

California 

E-MAIL: shaw4@llnl.gov 



COMMENTS: I've been mushroom hunting in northern 

California since 1984, when I first encountered the 

Mycological Society of San Francisco (MSSF). I've been 

the foray coordinator for the Society since fall, 1997. 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Laurence M. Stickney, Oakland, 

California 

E-MAIL: fungilarry@millenicom.com 



COMMENTS: I have been four times president of the 

Mycological Society of San Francisco, Winner of NAMA's 

Knighton Award, food writer for Mushroom The Journal, 

travelled widely abroad with mushroom study groups. 

Now retired except for numerous local and national 

forays. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Mark Thomsen, Berkeley, 

California 

E-MAIL: runbikeswim@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I'm mainly interested in foraging, 

mushroom identification, and mushroom recipes. I hunt 

mainly in Northern California and am an active member 

of the Mycological Society of San Francisco. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Kim A Weimer, Camarillo, 

California 

E-MAIL: Lilac92199@aol.com 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Beginner



COMMENTS: My family works for our local mushroom 

farm. We are interested in taking this one step further and 

finding out what type of cultivated mushrooms are 

available. The farm we work for only cultivated whites 

and California browns. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Michael Wood, Alameda County, 

California 

E-MAIL: mwood@mykoweb.com 



COMMENTS: I am a past president of the Mycological 

Society of San Francisco and editor of "Myko Web" 

(http://www.mykoweb.com) and the "Common Fungi of 

the Bay Area" (http://www.mykoweb.com/ba_fungi.html). 



is part of 


Last updated on 22 December 2000

"Mushroomers Online!": New York & New England, USA 


Directory 

New York & New 

England, USA 

Connecticut -- Maine -- Massachusetts -- New Hampshire 

-- New York -- Rhode Island -- Vermont 

Connecticut 

NAME/LOCATION: Bill Yule, Guilford, Connecticut 

E-MAIL: droberts03@snet.net 



COMMENTS: I am a certified nature nut, woods rambler 

and mushroom lover. I am currently Vice President of 

Connecticut Valley Mycological Society (CVMS) and an 

active amateur naturalist---I give slide shows and 

mushroom walks and generally spend my time wandering 

around the woods collecting, studying, and 

photographing fungi. The only thing I like more than 

mycology is hanging out with other mushroom nuts and 

eating wild mushrooms with my friends. Always looking 

for new mushroom foray spots and new mushroom 

friends. 11/98 

Maine 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/nengusa.html (1 of 8) [5/3/2004 9:39:08 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Robert F. Baldwin, Newcastle, 

Maine 

E-MAIL: storytlr@tidewater.net 



COMMENTS: I've been gathering mushrooms, primarily



for the table, for about 30 years. I have gathered, cooked 

and eaten many edible species. Although my interest is 

not primarily scientific, I have acquired some scientific 

knowledge of mushrooms through reading about them. 

11/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Linda Jean Clarke, Portland, 

Maine 

E-MAIL: cclarke1@maine.rr.com 



COMMENTS: I am interested in edibles and nonedibles 

for study. I am also interested in what part they play in 

the natural scheme of things. I want to know what is 

deadly so I can avoid them when looking for edibles. I 

also am interested in the research being done for 

medicinal purposes. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Martha Gottlieb, Whitefield, 

Maine 

E-MAIL: megom@gwi.net 



COMMENTS: Been hunting mushrooms for about 45 

years, but every year I know less! The Maine Mycological 

Assn. has been a joy and a great help. NAMA, the North 

American Mycological Assn. is another organization full 

of people passionate about mushrooms. I'm always ready 

to drop my gardening hoe and set off into the woods. 

C'mon up and hunt. We're in the book. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Peter Kern, New Gloucester, 

Maine 

E-MAIL: peter@broadcastads.com 



COMMENTS: I have been gathering and eating 

mushrooms for over ten years, concentrating on ten or so 

edibles. 8/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Randy Lee, New Limerick, Maine 

E-MAIL: homelee@javanet.com 



COMMENTS: I love to searchfor, cook, and eat 

mushrooms but I'm only confident in a couple types; I 

need help to understand more about identifying edibles.





8/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Richard Nadeau, Stratton, Maine 

E-MAIL: nado@mint.net 



COMMENTS: I'm just beginning the study of all aspects 

of mushrooms and would like to start a local chapter of 

individuals with similar interests. 8/99 

Massachusetts 


NAME/LOCATION: Thomas H. Parker, Springfield, 

Massachussets 

E-MAIL: thparker@massmed.org 



COMMENTS: My wife and I are beginners with some 

experience. We would love to join others in mushroom 

forays or other events to learn more about collecting 

edibles. I would appreciate any individuals or groups in 

western Massachussets or southern Vermont contacting 

me with any information. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Tyler W. Seavey, South Hadley, 

Massachusetts 

E-MAIL: twseavey@universityproducts.com 



COMMENTS: Primarily interested in mycophagy, but 

with ever-broadening interests in mycology and natural 

history in general. Current member of both the newly 

formed Pioneer Valley Mycological Club and the North 

American Mycological Association. I have consumed 

some 70-80 species of fungi. I have been mushrooming 

for approximately eight years and consider myself to be a 

lifetime student of mycology. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Richard Seelig, Franklin County, 

Massachusetts 

E-MAIL: rseelig@massed.net 



COMMENTS: I am interested both in edible mushrooms





and in the ecology of fungi. I have been studying and 

teaching about wild mushrooms for 17 years. 9/00 

New Hampshire 

NAME/LOCATION: Bernard J. Cass, Milford, New 

Hampshire 

E-MAIL: bcass@cyberzone.net 



COMMENTS: I would like to find someone, or a group, 

in my area of New Hampshire that is knowledgeable in 

mushrooms, to talk to and to accompany on forays - to 

learn about mushroom, especially the edible varieties. 

9/99 

New York 


NAME/LOCATION: Rikki Kay Brew, Margaretville 

(Catskill Mountains), New York 

E-MAIL: earthstar@antisocial.com 



COMMENTS: my children and I enjoy mushroom forays 

in the woods. It teaches them that nature provides, but 

they know that they must never eat a specimen without 

identifying it. And it's a way to spend time together in a 

non-electronic way! 9/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Julie Dugan, Vestal, New York 

E-MAIL: jdugan1976@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I teach beginner's mushroom 

identification courses at Broome County Community 

College in Binghamton, New York. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Douglas Eich, Onondaga County, 

New York 

E-MAIL: Deich31@aol.com 





COMMENTS: I have been a member of the Central New 

York Mycological Society for 2 years. I enjoy collecting 

edible species, of course; but I am interested in all areas 

of mycology - from folklore to medicine to literature. If 

you have to ask why fungi are fascinating, odds are that 

you will never know. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: David W. Fischer, Syracuse, New 

York 

E-MAIL: basidium@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Coauthor, "Edible Wild Mushrooms of 

North America" and "Mushrooms of Northeastern North 

America." Interested primarily in the taxonomy of 

basidiomycetes, particularly ectomycorrhizal genera such 

as Amanita, boletes, and Lactarius. Also administrator of 

this website. Mostly, I am just a down-to-earth mushroom 

lover who likes to help others learn more. Website: 

www.fischer.nu 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Gordon T. Hill Jr., Ithaca, New 

York 

E-MAIL: gth2@cornell.edu 



COMMENTS: I am involved in a fungal biodiversity 

project on a land preserve in West Danby, New York. I 

am particularly interested in discomycetes. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Michael Lane, Western New 

York, New York 

E-MAIL: mmlane@buffnet.net 



COMMENTS: I began teaching myself about Mycology 

in 1993. I bought many books and field guides and 

sucessfully hunted several edibles and was hooked for 

life! My interests are mainly in hunting, identifying, and 

eating delicious edibles. I have recently began learning 

the very in-depth area of cultivation... a whole other 

world it seems! 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Rosalind Lowen, Bedford, New 

York 

E-MAIL: rlowen@nybg.org 

INTEREST(S): Scientific Interest in Mycology ----




COMMENTS: I am a mycologist interested primarily in 

ascomycetes. I work on Hypocreales and lichenicolous 

fungi and am currently working on hyphomycetes that 

inhabit Lyme Disease ticks. I enjoy participation in 

forays. 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Nicos Peonides, Brooklyn, New 

York 

E-MAIL: npeo@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Came to the United States 3 years ago 

from Europe, where we collected different types of edible 

mushrooms (boletus, chanterelle, oyster mushrooms etc.) 

would like to meet with other mushroom enthusiasts in the 

area, exchange experiences and make field trips. 9/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Steve Rock, Mahopac, Putnam 

County, New York 

E-MAIL: stephen.rock@us.pwcglobal.com 



COMMENTS: I'm a member of COMA and CVMS, 

enjoying foraying with the club and anyone else with 

similar interests. I love finding new sites in Westchester, 

Putnam, Dutchess and Connecticut. Mushroom 

photography is another passion. 12/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Sandy Sheine, Pound Ridge, New 

York 

E-MAIL: ssheine@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I am primarily interested in mushroom 

education for primary and secondary school students. I 

am the president of the Connecticut-Westchester 

Mycological Association (COMA) and a member of the 

NAMA education committee. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Bob Tatro, Malone, New York 

E-MAIL: polaris@slic.com 



COMMENTS: Identification and collection of edible wild 

mushrooms. I've identified fungi with field guides, spore 

prints, microscopic examination of spore shape and size,


and eaten puffballs and "shaggy manes." I want to learn 

more about microscopic and chemical identification. 1/00 

Rhode Island 

NAME/LOCATION: Timothy Baldwin, Smithfield, 

Rhode Island 

E-MAIL: t1m_baldw1n@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: I was a biology major in college and 

always felt that fungi were not given the importance that 

this kingdom deserves. I have studied several field guides 

for north-eastern America and I enjoy identifying 

varieties. I enjoy both boletus and inky caps. 10/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Joe Degnan, Westerly, Rhode 

Island 

Note---Winters in Orlando, Florida 

E-MAIL: panopo@earthlink.net 



COMMENTS: Primarily interested in gaining more 

experience in identification of fungi, especially toxic and 

edibles. Second primary interest is in socializing with the 

amazing variety of "shroomers" one meets at the forays. 

Member of Connecticut Valley Mycological Society, 

NAMA, Past President of Nutmeg Mycological Society 

[Now defunct.] Have camper, will travel!! 11/99 

Vermont 


NAME/LOCATION: Theda Rose Silver-Pell, Putney, 

Vermont 

E-MAIL: thedthedatheda@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have been avidly researching mycology 

and find that it is one of the most fascinating elements of 

nature. I feel that fungi are important for medical, 

ecological, and edificational reasons, and I am interested 

in finding out more about them. 9/99



NAME/LOCATION: Adam Steinberg, Windham 

County, Vermont 

E-MAIL: necacs@sover.net 



COMMENTS: Just finding out about the wonders of 

mushrooms. Looking to hook up with other folks in 

Vermont or Massachusetts with more experience. Would 

love to find an organized or not-so-organized group to 

stroll in the woods and learn with. 9/99 



is part of 


Last updated on 25 September 2000

"Mushroomers Online!": Mid-Atlantic Region, USA 


Directory 

Mid-Atlantic Region, 

USA 

Delaware -- Indiana -- Kentucky -- Maryland -- Michigan 

-- New Jersey -- Ohio -- Pennsylvania -- Virginia -- West 

Virginia 

Delaware 

NAME/LOCATION: Peter G. Heytler, Wilmington, 

Delaware 

E-MAIL: heytler@udel.edu 



COMMENTS: I am a long-time mushroomer (N.A.M.A. 

member ~30 yrs), amateur mycologist and professional 

biochemist. Became interested in wild mushrooms by 

collecting for the table, and I have eaten quite a few, but 

now am more serious about natural-setting photography 

and microscopic techniques in taxonomy. Have taught 

full-semester extension courses on mushroom 

identification. Currently trying to establish a Delaware 

NAMA-affiliated group. 11/98 

Indiana 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/midatusa.html (1 of 18) [5/3/2004 9:39:11 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Colleen Crandell, Rockville, 

Indiana 

E-MAIL: ccrandell@abcs.com 



COMMENTS: I have been intrested in mycology for 

about 8 years now. I started out hunting morels, and then 

advanced to chanterelles, puffballs, chicken of the woods 

and oyster mushrooms and some boletes. I am always



intrested in learning more. Would love a group to go on 

forays with and learn more. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Rusty Daugherty, Muncie, 

Indiana 

E-MAIL: rdaugherty@selma.bsu.edu 



COMMENTS: I would like to know about when and why 

mushrooms come up. I would also like to know how often 

they come up and do they come up every year, or after a 

rain. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Jacqueline Froemming, 

Indianapolis, Indiana 

E-MAIL: jfroemmi@labs.isdh.state.in.us 



COMMENTS: In 1986 I obtained a Master Degree in 

Mycology from The University of Puerto Rico, at 

Mayaguez. In 1991 I obtained a Master Degree in 

Mycology from The University of Texas at Austin. In 

August of 1991 I started working in the Mycology 

Laboratory at the Indiana State Department of Health. 

Since I'm the only one in this lab you might said that I'm 

the "State Mycologist". I identify molds, yeasts and 

actinomycetes. 7/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Bruce Hojnacki, South Bend, 

Indiana 

E-MAIL: bruce@niesc.k12.in.us 



COMMENTS: Have been picking mushrooms for about 

six years. I look for morels in the Spring with the Black 

Morel appearing about the middle of April and the Grays 

and Yellows a week or two later. In the Fall I find 

Cauliflower and Hen of the Woods Mushrooms. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Paul Illges, Sheridan, Indiana 

E-MAIL: dillges@indy.net 



COMMENTS: People in Indiana go crazy during 

mushroom season--snakeheads and morels! A "Hoosier" 

is a person who dribbles a basketball around the Indy 500 

track looking for mushrooms! 11/98






NAME/LOCATION: Laura Jaicomo, Angola, 

(northeastern) Indiana 

E-MAIL: ljaicomo@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I have hunted morels since I was a kid. I 

am obsessed with all edible mushrooms and would love to 

join a club of like-minded "shroomers!" 10/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Dennis Mast, Shipshewana, 

(northern) Indiana 

E-MAIL: dennism@ligtel.com 



COMMENTS: I love to hunt and eat mushrooms and get 

excited every year in the spring. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: James Mccain, Nineveh, Indiana 

E-MAIL: mccain@inct.net 



COMMENTS: I have hunted morels for 30 years---thanks 

to my mother-in-law for teaching me. I check more under 

ash trees and elms. I hope to be able to pass this on to my 

grandchildren. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Bill Niles, Northern Indiana, 

Indiana 

E-MAIL: Time2GetGoin@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I hunt every chance I get when they have 

arrived in the area we live in. I want to learn all I can 

about all kinds of edibles and how to identify them, and to 

later grow my own supply or possibly for resale too. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Debbie Pogue, Indianapolis, 

Indiana 

E-MAIL: debpogue@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I have hunted mushrooms for 40 years in 

the central Indiana area. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Sue Sanders, Michigan City, 

Indiana 

E-MAIL: spuddy@netnitco.net







COMMENTS: We have been hunting morels for more 

than 30 years, and take our vacation the second week of 

May to go to northern Illinois. Would enjoy 

corresponding with someone in our area. April can't 

come too soon! 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Jesse Summers, Lamar, Indiana 

E-MAIL: bluesman@psci.net 



COMMENTS: I have hunted morels since I was a child 

and have several years experience hunting and identifying 

various edibles found in southern Indiana. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Tom Trueb, Delphi (Carroll 

County), Indiana 

E-MAIL: ttrueb@hellstunas.org 



COMMENTS: Interested in pretty much all things fungal. 

Like hunting, eating, observing, cultivating, learning their 

strange lives and purposes. Wondering why Hoosiers 

don't have a mycological society like those neighboring 

Buckeyes, eh? 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Janice Williams, Evansville, 

Indiana 

E-MAIL: mystie3533@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I have been hunting mushrooms (morels) 

since I was a child. I am interested in learning to grow 

morels. 11/98 

Kentucky 


NAME/LOCATION: Noah Lazarus Rose, Rowan 

County, Kentucky 

E-MAIL: noie2@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have no previous experience in


mushroom cultivation and very little in finding wild 

edibles. I wish to find a safe way to determine whether or 

not a mushroom is in fact edible. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Bob Williams, Louisville, 

Kentucky 

E-MAIL: BobVictoriaCameron@Worldnet.att.net 



COMMENTS: I have enjoyed collecting for curiosity and 

the table for 20 years. Have lived in the Pacific NW and 

in Maine. Now am living in KY and learning a new 

mycoflora. Would enjoy foraging with others in the area. 

11/98 

Maryland 


NAME/LOCATION: Albert J. Casciero, Silver Spring, 

Maryland 

E-MAIL: casciero@wrlc,org 



COMMENTS: I have been interested in mushrooms and 

mycophagy for the past seven years. I like walking in the 

woods, outdoors activities, and therefore mushroom 

gathering is a great combination for me. I also collect 

mushrooms on stamps. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Dolores Davis, Garrett County, 

Maryland 

E-MAIL: hapibooker@aol.com 



11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: John C. Garon, Bethesda (suburb 

of Wash. D.C.), Maryland 

E-MAIL: jcgaron@erols.com 



COMMENTS: As a youth in southwest France, hunting 

for cepes and morilles [morels] was a favorite sport and I 

return to France every year for a mushroom hunt or two. 

I have gone mushroom hunting in Maryland and Virginia


but limit myself to one or two edible species. I would like 

to expand my horizons to other fungi, edible or not. 9/99 

Michigan 


NAME/LOCATION: Jill Anderson, East Jordan 

(Charlevoix County), Michigan 

E-MAIL: darrlyn@freeway.net 



COMMENTS: Being a dedicated generalist, I've been 

collecting, attempting to identify and savoring the edibles 

for 25 years, along with other outdoor interests. Presently 

I'm concentrating on birds. Looking up and looking down 

on the same outing is not the easiest, but I'm becoming 

more flexible. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Ralph Czerepinski, Midland, 

Michigan 

E-MAIL: czere@cris.com 



COMMENTS: We are mostly self-taught from numerous 

field guides. We have hunted and photographed since 

1969. We have taught identification classes at the local 

nature center. We harvest in our area whenever the 

ground is not frozen. http://www.cris.com/~czere/ 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Edward Allen Grand, Ann 

Arbor, Michigan 

E-MAIL: edward.grand@umich.edu 



COMMENTS: I started mushrooming a couple of years 

ago, and plan on doing it 'til the day I die. For now I am 

just gaining experience, but plan on turning my interest 

into a career somehow. If anyone has ideas on how to do 

this, I'd love to hear them. I also have some cultivation 

experience. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Wayne Gregg, Williamston & 

Charlevoix, Michigan 

E-MAIL: msuone@voyager.net 

INTEREST(S): General Interest in Nature ----




COMMENTS: I have hunted for about 13 years. I have 

had some outstanding experiences in the spring & 

summer but want to increase my fall activities. Sure is fun 

to get out there! 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Catherine Griffin, Lambertville, 

Michigan 

E-MAIL: STORMYm@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I like to hunt mushrooms in northern 

Michigan. I've progressed from a beginner, a few years 

ago, to an avid mushroom hunter. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Dennis Hass, Boyne Fall, 

Michigan 

E-MAIL: hass@freeway.net 



COMMENTS: My wife and I are very interested in 

hunting and exchanging information with others. We are 

also interested to know if anyone knows how to grow Hen 

of the Woods or Chicken of the Woods. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Kathleen Brown, Sterling 

Heights, Michigan 

E-MAIL: kcveronica@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Have hunted morels with my husband's 

family for 20 years (he's hunted for 50). We have 

introduced our son to the pleasure (he's a Boy Scout so he 

has already acquired an interest in nature). We hunt 

Michigan, Indiana and Ohio. My Mother's Day present is 

a morel hunting trip every year. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: David McCarty, South Haven, 

Michigan 

E-MAIL: raille@mich.com 



COMMENTS: Collecting since the late 80s. Have grown 

Oysters and Agaricus. Would love to do shitake. Need 

more foray partners close to home. 7/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Steve Oliver, Ludington,



Michigan 

E-MAIL: sroyo@dancingmac.com 



COMMENTS: I've been hunting and eating wild fungi 

since 1977 or so. Favorites are morels, chanterelles, 

black trumpets and parasols, but I enjoy identifying and 

trying new species. I'm editor of the West Michigan 

Mycological Society Newsletter. Anyone interested in our 

forays and activities is welcome to email me for info. 

11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jim Russell, Birch Run, Michigan 

E-MAIL: SHRUNR@webtv.net 



COMMENTS: I love to hunt, pick and eat wild 

mushrooms. I eat over 40 different kinds of edibles 

regularly (if mother nature cooperates). I am interested in 

finding others of like iterest in the mid-Michigan area to 

go out picking with and learning from each other as there 

aren't too many here. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Michael Sendrowicz, Detroit, 

Michigan 

E-MAIL: daedalus@mcione.com 




NAME/LOCATION: Dona Sheehan, Cedar, Michigan 

E-MAIL: Salubria1@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I have been hunting morels in Michigan 

during the spring but would like to find other edible 


NAME/LOCATION: Gary M. Taylor, Port Huron, 

Michigan 

E-MAIL: garytaylor52@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: I have grown several species of mushroom 

including oyster and shiitake, and would like to grow 

them for a small commercial business. 1/99


NAME/LOCATION: Michael Van De Perre, Ithaca, 

Michigan 

E-MAIL: gulf4@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: I have been collecting morels since 1972. 

Am interested in sharing info with like-minded folks here 

in Michigan from beginners to expert. Would be 

especially interested in hearing from the Upper 

Peninsula. 4/99 

New Jersey 


NAME/LOCATION: Joseph Berdetta, Ocean County, 

New Jersey 

E-MAIL: j.berdetta@worldnet.att.net 



COMMENTS: My interest in mushrooms started with 

long walks as a child with my grandfather (Italian 

immigrant), picking, cleaning and preparing. After I 

became an adult I started to do the same for myself, 

studied some selected publications and had a good time 

photographing and identifying same. I have a B.S. in 

organic chemistry from Rutgers. 10/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Fred Beveridge, Hillsdale, 

Bergen County, New Jersey 

E-MAIL: theobev@mindspring.com 



COMMENTS: I've been mushrooming for about eight 

years. My exposure has been exclusively to the Northeast. 

I am continually looking for ways to improve my 

identification skills and to network with others. 9/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Robert Heyer, Red Bank, 

New Jersey 

E-MAIL: heyer92@monmouth.com 



COMMENTS: I am an environmental toxicologist with 

Biosafety Services. My area of expertise is limited to fungi 

found in indoor environments and HVAC systems. My B.S



and D.Sc. degrees are in biology. My research interests 

are in mycotoxins. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Robert S. Hosh, Flemington, New 

Jersey 

E-MAIL: gombasz@blast.net 



COMMENTS: I am a past president of the New Jersey 

Mycological Association whose primary role is teaching 

preservation and cooking of mushrooms. 9/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Ilya Kapovich, Highland Park, 

New Jersey 

E-MAIL: ilia@math.rutgers.edu 



COMMENTS: I am mostly interesting in 

mushroom-hunting in the woods and cooking and eating 

the booty afterwards. This was one of my favorite 

recreations back in Russia where I grew up. If someone 

wants to have a joint mushrooming expedition in New 

Jersey or New York, do e-mail me. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Linas Kudzma, Annandale, 

Hunterdon County, New Jersey 

E-MAIL: lkudzma@compuserve.com 



COMMENTS: I’m an active member of the New Jersey 

Mycological Association (NJMA) with a scientific as well 

as "pot hunter" interest in mushrooms. I am also a 

freelance nature photographer with high quality technical 

and pictorial mushroom photos being among my 

specialties. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Robert Peabody, Milford, New 

Jersey 

E-MAIL: pagprolog@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Member of NJMA (Treasurer), NAMA, 

MSA. Have been studying mushrooms since 1975. 

Particularily interested in Tricholoma, in the strict sense. 

Lead mushroom walk & talks at local nature centers; 

mycological bibliophile. 11/98


NAME/LOCATION: Drew Pojedinec, Glen Gardner, 

New Jersey 

E-MAIL: einstein@eclipse.net 



COMMENTS: I was always interested in nature and 

growing plants. I began my mushroom cultivation due to 

my love for Reishi and Shiitake. I just kinda took it from 

there. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jim Richards, Hackettstown, 

New Jersey 

E-MAIL: jimrich@interactive.net 



COMMENTS: I have collected and eaten wild 

mushrooms for the past 20+ years; I am past president of 

the New Jersey Mycological Association. 11/98 

Ohio 


NAME/LOCATION: Walter John Bender, Rockbridge, 

Ohio 

E-MAIL: benders@ohiohills.com 



COMMENTS: I have hunted mushrooms for 20 years 

with a little sucsess. My new interest is in cultivation 

which I started last spring. I have 18 logs innoculated 

waitihg to see what happens! I would like to learn more 

in that area. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: David Bricker, Owensville 

(Clermont County), Ohio 

E-MAIL: java@tso.cin.ix.net 



COMMENTS: Morel mushroom hunting in 

South/Southwest Ohio and Southeastern Indiana since 

1970. Interested in botany and paleontology as well. 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: John Campbell, Nashport, Ohio 

E-MAIL: jcaj@y-city.net 




COMMENTS: This is my fifth year as a mushroom 

hunter. Sure enjoy getting out into the woods and really 

finding some 'shrooms. A once a year delicacy to eat too. 

11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Donald F. Huber, Ottawa, Ohio 

E-MAIL: pheasant@bright.net 



COMMENTS: I've been hunting morels for 40 years. 

Also hunt hen of the woods, chanterelles, oysters and 

assorted other mushrooms. Hunt mainly in northwestern 

Ohio and Michigan. In my spare time I paint 

morelscapes, (landscapes containing morels). 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Gilbert W. Jones, Ripley, Brown 

County, Ohio 

E-MAIL: joneg0@chmcc.org 



COMMENTS: I hunt mushrooms and have all my life. I 

am 57 years old and would like to learn more about 

growing mushrooms and the cost of getting started with a 

small operation, because I will retire in about 5 years and 

this would fit in with my gardening hobbys. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Brenda S. Them, Columbus, Ohio 

E-MAIL: ednav2@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I've been hunting for about 10 years, 

mostly in Ohio and Michigan. 5/99 

Pennsylvania 


NAME/LOCATION: Roger Chan Burnsworth, Fayette 

County, Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: cburnsworth@worldnet.att.net 



COMMENTS: I have been hunting mostly morel 

mushrooms for over twenty years and have gained some 

small knowledge of the beast in that time. We have four



types locally and have picked them from Feb. 7 to June 3. 

Send me an "E" and we can talk shrooms or maybe set up 

a hunt. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Pamela M. Coleman, Kennett 

Square, Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: acoledog@bellatlantic.net 



COMMENTS: I have a Ph.D. in Plant Pathology from 

the University of California, Davis. I am employed at 

Phillips Mushroom Farms, grower of specialty 

mushrooms. I have led forays for wild mushrooms. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: George S. Harris 3rd., 

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: duncan@3rdm.net 



COMMENTS: I love to hunt morels, but have not located 

any in this state. I have found them in va. this season I 

found slippery jacks, sulfer shelves and shaggy manes. I 

am willing to share info. if I can getlocal morel or other 

mushroom info. go ahead and e-mail me. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Charles Hudak, Slatington, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: grizz0707@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Two years experience. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Wil Jones, Claysburg, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: btaylor@keyconn.net 



COMMENTS: I like looking for the morels in 

south-central Pennsylvania and would be interested in 

sharing the knowledge of the region. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Pamela Kaminski, Pipersville, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: pkaminski@erols.com 



COMMENTS: I have been studying these fabulous fungi



for at least 25 years. I also enjoy photographing my finds, 

and always trying to figure them out! I like to do scientific 

studies, however ameteur they may be. I just like to hunt, 

eat, photograph and study. I have many photos in my 

portfolio. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Karen R. Martin, Philipsburg 

Centre, Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: pono@csrlink.net 



COMMENTS: Have gathered and eaten mushrooms for 

years. Can positively ID approximately 60. Recently 

purchasced a microscope to aid in identification. 1/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Paul Masuda, Kennett Square, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: psmasuda@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Ph.D. in Biotechnology at Tottori 

University, Japan, specializing in the breeding of 

Basidiomycetes, specifically Flammulina velutipes and 

Pholiota nameko. Cultivation experience with Shiitake, 

Maitake and Lion's mane. Specialty development 

manager at Phillips Mushroom Farms. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Suzzanne Nazar, Berwick, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: nazarsue@excite.com 



COMMENTS: Have spent 15 yrs. identifying plants and 

collecting. I am moving on to mushrooms and have 

several good books, but don't know others with my 

interest. 2/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Joseph Plageman, Berks County, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: joenpaula@fast.net 



COMMENTS: I am a commercial Agaricus grower 

utilizing as close to organic methods as possible. My 

family and I are amateur mushroom collectors and have a 

very prolific morel patch on our property. I am willing to 

share any information about either venture. 4/00



NAME/LOCATION: Mark Pompe, Russellton, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: markpompe@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I guess I just can't pass by free food lying 

on the ground. 9/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Daniel J. Royse, University Park, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: djr4@psu.edu 



COMMENTS: Interested in genetics and cultivation of 

edible mushrooms including Agaricus, shiitake, 

Pleurotus, maitake, morels, enoki, hon-shimeji, truffles, 

etc. Serve as organizer and chair of annual (June) 

Specialty Mushroom Workshop at The Pennsylvania State 

University, University Park, Pennsylvania. Ph.D., Plant 

Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 

Illinois. Present Position: Professor and Extension 

Specialist, Department of Plant Pathology, The 

Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 

Pennsylvania. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Andrew Schrock, Johnstown, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: aschrock@netscape.net 



COMMENTS: I have been hunting mushrooms for about 

5 years. I consider myself very lucky to live in an area 

abundant in edible species. I have found Morels, Honey 

Mushrooms, a variety of boletes, Chicken of the Woods, 

Sheepshead (Grifola frondosa), Cauliflower Mushroom, 

Oyster Mushrooms, and Chanterelles. The only problem I 

have is that most of the mushrooms I find have small 

white worms in them. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: James Tunney, Pittsburgh, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: jamestunney@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have collected mushrooms for three 

years. I am interested in cultivation of shaggy parasols


and identification of mycorrhizal species: boletes, 

Trichlomas, and Lactarius. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: James Wack, Carnegie, 

Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: Jackwack5@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I've been collecting edible mushrooms for 

the past 6 years, mostly in California. Last Fall in 

Pittsburgh, we found Blewits, Agaricus, Shaggy Mane, 

etc. The blewits were incredible. Would love to find 

morels this year. Would like to hear from anyone who has 

hunting suggestions and/or observations to trade. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Joseph Paul Wiercinski, 

Hermitage, Pennsylvania 

E-MAIL: jwiercin@pgh.net 



COMMENTS: A 15-year mushroom hunter who has long 

relied on The Audubon Society Field Guide to North 

American Mushrooms, I have a passion for morels. My 

secondary favorites are blewits, sheepheads, chanterelles, 

maddeningly elusive black trumpets, meadow mushrooms, 

two-colored boletes and honey mushrooms. I have a 

large-capacity food dryer and often preserve mushrooms 

for later preparation using Jack Czarnecki's recipes and 

other interesting recipes wherever I find them. I would 

welcome the opportunity to trade mushrooming tales by 

e-mail and would consider joint hunts with other serious 

amateurs. 11/98 

Virginia 


NAME/LOCATION: Ralph ["Tim"] Leroy Childress, 

Jr., King George Co. (Fredericksburg area), Virginia 

E-MAIL: timantoi@crosslink.net 



COMMENTS: Interests: mycophagy, microscopy, fungal 

ecology. I'm fairly well-read, but have only one year field 

experience. So I agonize over such issues as "does this 

print qualify as 'rusty orange'?" I'm often in my woods or



Skyline looking for Morchella, Pleurotus, Laetiporus... 

11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Pete Doring, Reston, Virginia 

E-MAIL: psdoring@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I ate Golden Chanterelles late summer 

'97. Of course I'm interested in edibles. Identifying the 

poison ones interests me to, if just for the sake of my wifes 

paranoia. I'm interested in information about habitat and 

season for the shrooms in the Potomac River area. Will 

trade the site of a King Hell Chicken/Sulfer Shelf. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Chris J. Hogan, Rappahannock 

Co., Virginia 

E-MAIL: chrisH@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Am interested in all mushrooms, both 

edible and not. I live in a rural mountain area with lots of 

opportunities for learning. Can identify several kinds on 

sight (VERY careful with this process). Always thrilled to 

find something "new"or learn more about them. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Bill Johnson, Rappahannock, 

Virginia 

E-MAIL: sillyme@shentel.net 



COMMENTS: Only 2 years into hunting for morels and I 

cant get enough. I seem to find them without a scientific 

reason as to why and where. 3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Eric Stedje-Larsen, Norfolk, 

Virginia 

E-MAIL: ericsl@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I love hunting mushroooms! I enjoy 

photographing, identifing, and eating them. I have what I 

would describe as an intermediate experience level and 

am always ready to learn more. 11/98


West Virginia 


NAME/LOCATION: Denise E. Binion, Harrison 

County, West Virginia 

E-MAIL: dbinion@northnap.citynet.net 



COMMENTS: General mycology, with specific interest 

in the Myxomycetes. Creator and administrator of the 

Internet Guide to Myxomycetes 

http://www.wvonline.com/myxo Member of the West 

Virginia Mycological Association and the Mycological 

Society of America. Also interested, but inexperienced in 

cultivation of edible mushrooms. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Joe Miller, Charleston, West 

Virginia 

E-MAIL: brightcloud@mciworld.com 



COMMENTS: Executive Secretary of the North 

American Mycological Association. 11/98 



is part of 


Last updated on 11 September 2000

"Mushroomers Online!": Midwest Region, USA 


Directory 

Midwest Region, USA 

Illinois -- Iowa -- Kansas -- Minnesota -- Missouri -- [Nebraska] -- 

North Dakota -- South Dakota -- Wisconsin 

Illinois 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/midwusa.html (1 of 12) [5/3/2004 9:39:14 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Christine Bernacchi, Algonquin, Illinois 

E-MAIL: rux@msn.com 



COMMENTS: I am interested in meeting with someone who can 

identify and teach. Also I would like to find hunting places nearby. I've 

never had a morel and would like to try them. I'm a lover of 

mushrooms! 8/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Sean F. Bradley, Chicago, Illinois 

E-MAIL: queticoz@aol.com 

INTEREST(S): Primarily Interested in Edibles ---- KNOWLEDGE 

LEVEL: Advanced Student 

COMMENTS: I am besides a collector, the editor of the Illinois 

Mycological Association's newsletter. I love to hunt for morels, 

chanterelles, honey, hen-of-the-woods, sulfur shelf, oysters, hedgehogs 

and many more. Professionally I am a chemist that has a secret interest 

to be the first person to synthesize alpha-amanitan. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: A.J. Briel, Chicago, Illinois 

E-MAIL: morelmaniac@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I have been a mushroom forager for about 4 years 

now---mainly morels in spring, but just recently I have been fall 

mushrooming. 9/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Judith Chapperon, Chicago, Illinois 

E-MAIL: Judith517@aol.com 



COMMENTS: On our first trip to the Loire Valley (1984) we pulled 

into Chateau Chambord parking lot. We passed a small forested area 

next to the Chateau. On the forest floor I found hundreds of Lepiota 

procera in varying stages of growth. It was breathtaking. 10/98



NAME/LOCATION: John Denk, Chicago, Illinois 

E-MAIL: jpdenk@webtv.net 


LEVEL: Intermediate 

COMMENTS: Primarily a mycophagist, however as I am interested in 

natural history in general, I'm also interested in mycology. I'm a 

member of the Illinois Mycological Association. I have been picking 

edibles for about 25 years. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Barbara Engh, Elgin, Kane County, Illinois 

E-MAIL: beengh@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I've been collecting for about 25 years, mostly on my 

own, although I did join IMA and NAMA for a while. My goal has been 

to identify at least one new mushroom a year. Last fall it was Agaricus 

rodmani and Hericium coralloides. I'd love to "talk mushroom" with 

fellow mycophiles. 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Tim English, Danville, Illinois 

E-MAIL: tenglish@danville.net 



COMMENTS: I have been hunting mushrooms since I was a kid spring 

and fall, mainly morels, long neckers, hen of the woods, elephant ears, 

and oysters. I have grown oysters. I am mainly interested in cultivation 

and identification. 8/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Lowell Ioerger, Minonk , Illinios 

E-MAIL: yegs@davesworld.net 

INTEREST(S): General Interest in Nature ---- KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: 

Intermediate 

COMMENTS: I would like to try to raise morel mushrooms .. any info 

would be helpful... 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Emil J. Kaderabek, River Grove, Illinois 

E-MAIL: kaderific@worldnet.att.net 


LEVEL: Limited Experience 

COMMENTS: I only pick the mushrooms that I am familiar with from 

my childhood, although I see varieties of other possible choices. My 

interest is to expand the choices presently available to me. 10/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Patrick R. Leacock, Chicago, Illinois 

E-MAIL: pleacock@fmnh.org 

INTEREST(S): Scientific Interest in Mycology ---- KNOWLEDGE 

LEVEL: Qualified Expert Mycologist 

COMMENTS: Ph.D. in Plant Biology from University of Minnesota. 

Interests are the ecology, systematics, and biogeography of fungi. 

Specialties include the genus Lactarius and field studies of mushrooms 

and other macrofungi. Current research investigates fungal 

communities in relation to environmental and management concerns.






Department of Botany, The Field Museum, 60605. 

www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/botany/research_fungi.htm. 

3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Jeff Lindeen, Normal, Illinois State University, 

Illinois 

E-MAIL: beanpie@mail.excite.com 


LEVEL: Experienced Student 

COMMENTS: After taking a class in mycology at ISU I was captivated 

by both the biology and economics involved in mycology. In fact, I was 

so interested that I felt a career in mycology of some sorts would be 

both exciting and dynamic. I have class and field experience. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Ronald S. McMechan, Greenup, Cumberland 

Co., Illinois 

E-MAIL: rsmcmechan@rr1.net 



COMMENTS: Have hunted edible mushrooms for 50 years, mostly 

morels, in Illinois mostly, from north to south and east to west. Also 

hunt in Tennessee and Kentucky. I love to hunt the greys, yellows, 

"leaf," "high hat," and black ones. They start in this part of Illinois 

about mid-April and last until about May 10. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Kris Moczkowski, Chicago, Illinois 

E-MAIL: pysie@earthlink.com 



COMMENTS: We are mushroom pickers from Chicago, but originally 

we are from Poland. We love forest and we love picking variety of 

mushrooms. We eat them fresh, dried and pickled. We are also thinking 

about setting up a commercial morel farm in the future. We welcome all 

information about mushrooms 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Carla J. Molenkamp, Heyworth, Illinois 

E-MAIL: litlla1@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I enjoy mushrooming with a passion. I am a beginner in 

mushroom hunting, about 1-½ years. I would enjoy a mycophagists' 

chat room. I would like to see a question-and-answer column 

somewhere! I am looking for a pickling recipe specifically for "Hen of 

the Woods" mushrooms. 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Tom & Vicky Nauman, Magnolia, Illinois 

E-MAIL: morel@ocslink.com 


Experienced Student 

COMMENTS: Our company is "Morel Mania." We have unique 

products for 'shroomers. We also host The Illinois State Morel 

Mushroom Hunting Championship the first Saturday each May. Our 

products include Morel Decoys and Shroom Sticks. Snail Mail for





free catalog to: Morel Mania, RR 1 - Box 42MO, Magnolia, Il 61336. 

Phone: 309-364-3319. Fax: 309-364-2960. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: George Parry, Manito, Illinois 

E-MAIL: ParryHarley@AOL.COM 


Beginner 


NAME/LOCATION: Dennis Rowe, Chicago, Illinois 

E-MAIL: drowe@paxclearing.com 



COMMENTS: I have been collecting for three years, primarily morels, 

but I am also interested in chanterelles, boletes, oysters, and hen of the 

woods. I would like to contact others in my area. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Alf A Vretfors, Elgin, Kane County, Illinois 

E-MAIL: Swede_Alfie@Yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: My main interest is in using mushrooms as a vegetable, 

or sidedish with my meals. I have often bought mushrooms from local 

stores and used them, but my friends tell me that "wild mushrooms" 

taste better. I want to check that out. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Ron Wheeler, Peoria, Illinois 

E-MAIL: capn_jinks@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I hunt morel mushrooms in my area. 6/98 

Iowa 


NAME/LOCATION: Kent Lewis, Glenwood, Iowa 

E-MAIL: dlazlo@uswest.net 



COMMENTS: I have been collecting for several years. I started 

cultivation about 3 years ago on a small scale and am currently 

studying on my own with an aim towards commertial cultivation. I 

would appreciate any leads on info online or schools, resources, etc. in 

the southwest Iowa area. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Rich King, eastern Iowa 

E-MAIL: RKing110@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Have been hunting morels for about 15 years. Have 

read about and found many others that continue to inspire me to learn 

more. I have tried some cultivation kits with varying success, and hope


to grow some wine cap stropharia outside, close to my door. Would like 

to hear from other eastern Iowa/Western Illinois 'shroomers. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Tom Norlin, Hopkinton, Delaware County, 

Iowa 

E-MAIL: tomnorlin@hotmail.com 

INTEREST(S): Primarily Interested in Cultivation ---- KNOWLEDGE 


COMMENTS: I am interested in cloning morel mushrooms and 

producing them in quantity outdoors but eventually indoors also. I have 

learned to produce morel spawn from specimens that I have collected. I 

have my own small lab. 5/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Greg Smith, Des Moines, Iowa 

E-MAIL: gasmith@uswest.net 



COMMENTS: I've been a hunter for many years and have attended 

some classes concerning the topic. 10/99 

Kansas 


NAME/LOCATION: Jody Funk, Liberty, Kansas 

E-MAIL: makettle@midusa.net 



COMMENTS: I grew up hunting the Timber or beefsteak mushroom, 

only to find several years ago that it has caused fatalities in some 

people! My grandfather brought from England the knowledge of the 

meadow mushroom or black mushroom which he taught his offspring 

how to identify. I have been gathering thse for many years. I now also 

know the shaggy mane and morel. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Dan Hayes, Olathe, Johnson, Kansas 

E-MAIL: bgbrothr6@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I have been morel hunting for the last five years with 

some fair success. I would also be interested in hunting other edibles. 

6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: William W. Henry, Overland Park, Kansas 

E-MAIL: Mycofile@worldnet.att.net 


Intermediate 

COMMENTS: I have a long time interst in mycology. Am a member of 

the Kaw Valley Mycology Society and a NAMA member for about ten 

years. With the exception of the last NAMA foray in California, I have 

attended all of the others since joining. I have met David Fischer in 

Vermont and I'm sure at other forays. Good hunting. 11/98


NAME/LOCATION: Benjamin Klein, Wichita, Kansas 

E-MAIL: Bben51@aol.com 



COMMENTS: My interest has been sparked by health needs. I have 

had great success with mushrooms being an important part of my 

health plan. I have researched fairly extensively. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Ronald Meyers, Lawrence, Kansas 

E-MAIL: pilott29@sunflower.com 



COMMENTS: I am newsletter editor for the Kaw Valley Mycological 

Association. I am interested in finding and identifying all types of 

mushrooms, edible or otherwise. I have a fairly good collection of 

photographs of Kansas mushrooms, and have developed a NAMA 

program "Mushrooms in Kansas" using slides from several club 

members. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: LeRoy Paden, Horton, Kansas 

E-MAIL: paden@midusa.net 


LEVEL: Advanced Student 

COMMENTS: I hunt the morel mushrooms from March to July from 

Texas thru Minnesota and into 15 different states. Average about 1,000 

lbs. a season and have done this for 40 years. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Travis Roark, Junction, Kansas 

E-MAIL: ter69@yahoo.com 


Beginner 

COMMENTS: I am a morel mushroom hunter; I love to deep-fry them, 

and bake them also. 4/99 

Minnesota 


NAME/LOCATION: Gregory Burns, Golden Valley, Minnesota 

E-MAIL: gburns19@mail.idt.net 



COMMENTS: I have grown morels, can't repeat it, what a mystery! 

10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jacqueline Cartier, Minneapolis, Minnesota 

E-MAIL: Cartiermin@aol.com 


LEVEL: Beginner 

COMMENTS: I took a course on morels and morel finding by a 

University of Minnesota professor and went on one morel hunt. I'm 

looking forward to joining local and regional forays this spring. 3/00


NAME/LOCATION: Rodney Eng, Minnesota 

E-MAIL: reng@pclink.com 



COMMENTS: Grew up foraging with Dad for mushrooms. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Frederick E. Finch, Roseville, Ramsey, 

Minnesota 

E-MAIL: finch006@gold.tc.umn.edu 



COMMENTS: I have purchased several home mushroom kits and have 

innoculated several different substances to produce mushroom growth. 

10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Judy Johnson, Stillwater, Minnesota 

E-MAIL: jjohn54899@aol.com 



COMMENTS: My husband and I have hunted edible mushrooms for 10 

years. We especially enjoy morel hunting because it is in the spring 

after a long winter. We also hunt chanterelles, hen of the woods, 

lobsters, boletes, and a few others. We have limited experience and 

subscribe to two mushroom publications to learn more. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Matt Rolfe, Minneapolis, Minnesota 

E-MAIL: Catopiller@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have many interests in the fungal realm including 

cultivation and identification. I would like to find more folks in 

Minneapolis that have interests in the world of mycology. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Dan Schoeneman, Jordan, Minnesota 

E-MAIL: dschoene@stratishealth.org 



COMMENTS: Been hunting mushrooms since about 87. Love to hunt 

and eat common ones like Boletes, Hedgehogs, Lobsters etc... Have 

gotten into primitive cultivation/kits, culturing, etc... I basically like 

anything to do with mushrooms. 11/98 

Missouri 


NAME/LOCATION: Adrienne Black, Columbia, Missouri 

E-MAIL: albb23@mizzou.edu 



COMMENTS: I am an undergraduate in anthropology at the 

University of Missouri. My honor's thesis is an ethnography of morel 

mushroom hunting in rural mid-Missouri. I have accompanied many


hunters and have done some hunting myself. It is wonderful and I am 

always looking for info. 12/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Joel Critchlow, Hillsboro, Missouri 

E-MAIL: coahcritch@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I am a Biology instructor whose weakest area is 

probably mycology. I am trying to remedy that, however. I am currently 

culturing several species and hunt often. 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Mike Harris, St. Louis, Missouri 

E-MAIL: mharris@primary.net 



COMMENTS: Primarily interested in Morels. Also enjoy Hen of the 

Woods, Puffballs, and Inky Caps. I am still at a level where I stay with 

the more easily identified mushrooms and always get someone with 

more experience to show me (in detail) how to identify a new mushroom 

before I'll try it. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Michael Rich, Scott City, Missouri 

E-MAIL: rich107@clas.net 



COMMENTS: I am an avid morel hunter and am familiar with most of 

the types that are native to my area. I am interested in indoor 

cultivation of gourmet mushrooms, mainly morels, but would like to 

look into other kinds also. I am just starting to learn. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jim Wallen, Viburnum, Iron County, Missouri 

E-MAIL: mycoman4@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: i am beginning to try to grow oyster, shiitake and lion's 

mane and would like advice on becoming commercial but also would 

like to work with anyone who enjoys these mushrooms. I have the books 

and am now beginning to get the equipment in. Would love advice or 

comments. Thanks. 3/99 

Nebraska 


NAME/LOCATION: Tom Swartley, Genoa, Nebraska 

E-MAIL: trswart@megavision.com 



COMMENTS: I am here to learn more about the thousands of edibles. 

I think mushrooms are neat but it is "neater" to eat 'em. 10/98


North Dakota 

NAME/LOCATION: Calvin Anderson, Enderlin, North Dakota 

E-MAIL: calvin@corpcomm.net 



COMMENTS: My interest lies mostly within the cultivation issues. 

Have successfully friuted several batches of Oyster Mushrooms and am 

in the prosess of trying Shaggy Manes. Also have done some wild 

foraging but only feel safe at this point with Morels and Shaggy Manes. 

Would like to find someone who lives in my general geographical area 

to share info with about wild foraging, and someone from anywhere to 

share cultivation info with. 11/98 

South Dakota 

NAME/LOCATION: Gary Stetler, Rapid City, Black Hills, South 

Dakota 

E-MAIL: Glstetler@1nol.com 



COMMENTS: Looking for someone in my general area to share 

experiences and help in identification of species. Have located nice 

outcrops of oysters, and some excellent eating puffballs. Want to learn 

cultivation and add to my list of edibles. 5/00 

Wisconsin 


NAME/LOCATION: Lisa Clark, Florence County, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: cat@netnet.net 



COMMENTS: I've mushroomed in northern Wisconsin for the last 6 

years. Would like to be able to identify a few more for variety. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Denny Davis, Hudson, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: drdavis@spacestar.net 



COMMENTS: I grew up hunting morels in southern Illinois and am 

interested in continuing that effort in western Wisconsin. Please send 

me a list of all your known sites (hehe). 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Jeff Donaghue, Mineral Point, Iowa County, 

Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: brewpub@mhtc.net 


Experienced Student



COMMENTS: I've been mushrooming for about 18 years. Was a 

member of the Minnesota Mycological Society and NAMA for a long 

time. At the MMS, was vice president, foray organizer, wrote for the 

newsletter etc. I organized the 1988 NAMA foray which the MMS 

hosted in northern Minneaota. Was on the ID committee at the MMS. I 

own and operate a phase contrast microscope for microscopic 

identification. I've been away from things for a while and a little rusty 

but trying to find time to foray when the world isn't frozen. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jeff Haas, Beloit, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: haasjt15@uwwvax.uww.edu 



COMMENTS: Hunting mushrooms has always been part of our family 

and was passed down from my grandfather to my father. I am a 

21-year-old college student who is following in my fathers footsteps. He 

cannot get around well anymore and I would like to make him proud... 

any help with Morel info I would love. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Steve Krawiec, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: mkrawiec@vbe.com 



COMMENTS: Over the past four years I've been studying mushrooms 

and have hunted edible varieties from spring through fall in Northeast 

Wisconsin. 6/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Steven G. Martinez, Almond, Portage County, 

Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: imaginx2@uniontel.net 



COMMENTS: I was finally introduced to wild mushroom picking here 

in central Wisconsin. I would like to get accurate pictures and 

descriptions of what is edible here in the Stevens Point area. Also, I 

would like to grow wild edible mushrooms indoors. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Beth Miller, Janesville, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: bethmill@ticon.net 


Beginner 

NAME/LOCATION: Pamela Nelson, Oshkosh, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: pln888@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Just strarting to learn and have been reading a lot of 

books. I did go out with an experienced friend of ours from Redgranite. 

We did find some morels. 9/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Scott S. Osborne, Marshfield, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: sosborne@midstate.tec.wi.us 

INTEREST(S): Primarily Interested in Edibles ---- KNOWLEDGE




COMMENTS: I am an instructor of edible/inedible mushrooms at 

Mid-State Technical College. 9/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Barbara J. Sather, Orfordville, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: BSather725@AOL.com 



COMMENTS: I am interested in just general information. I enjoy 

picking morels and want to know more about them. I know what they 

look like and I do fix them a couple of different ways. I would find any 

information useful. Thank you. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Peter L. Vachuska, West Bend, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: pvachusk@uwc.edu 



COMMENTS: Lately I've been trying to learn the genus Inocybe in 

Wisconsin. My interests are so wide that I'm not very knowledgeable in 

any one area. I have been studying fungi for about 20 years, sometimes 

casually and sometimes not. I also maintain the Wisconsin Mycological 

Society's Website at 

http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Trails/7331/index.html 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: William A. Weiler, Rusk County, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: cen18507@centurytel.net 



COMMENTS: I have collected wild edible mushrooms for over 40 

years. After retirement in northwest Wisconsin---an excellent 

mushrooming area---I decided to try my hand at cultivation. I cultivate 

Pleurotus and Stropharia rugoso-annulata. I have a Ph.D. in 

Bacteriology so technical terminology is familiar to me. 1/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Amy Jo Yuds, Waupun, Wisconsin 

E-MAIL: amynita@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: Have hunted and studied mushrooms for about twenty 

years, studied under personal mentor for eleven years. Hunting has 

been mostly in the Wisconsin area. 9/99 

This site maintained by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail address is 

basidium@aol.com


is part of 


Last updated on 7 October 2000 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/midwusa.html (12 of 12) [5/3/2004 9:39:14 PM]

"Mushroomers Online!": Pacific Northwest, USA 


Directory 

Pacific Northwest, USA 

Oregon -- Washington 

Oregon 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/pnwusa.html (1 of 10) [5/3/2004 9:39:15 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Honora Bright Aere, Burnt Woods, 

Oregon 

E-MAIL: Mycology2@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Is it an obsession? There is nothing about 

searching for, identifying, preparing and eating mushrooms 

that does not please me, except for trying to key things out. 

I'd like to meet fellow enthusiasts for forays into new fields; I 

don't expect you to show me your patches and I sure as heck 

won't show you mine. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: John Arbeeny, Lakewood, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: arbeenjo@blarg.net 



COMMENTS: I enjoy edible mushroom hunting during fall 

deer and elk seasons in Western Washington. Best find this 

year: three cauliflower mushrooms weighing about 40 

pounds combined! 12/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Ian Brandon, Portland, Oregon 

E-MAIL: gbrando@pacifier.com 



COMMENTS: I work for Peak Forest Fruit, in Portland 

Oregon. This company buys and sells wild mushrooms. We 

are rather unique because we are a buyer in the field, a 

wholesaler, and a retailer. We sell mushrooms at farmers 

markets and also to local restaurants. I would like more



information on harvest areas, connect with pickers 

worldwide or just chat about mushrooms. Send me your 

favorite mushroom story or recipe and I might print it in my 

newsletter. I LOVE mushrooms! 

NAME/LOCATION: Donna Gray-Davis, Hood River, 

Oregon 

E-MAIL: donnagd@linkport.com 



COMMENTS: Dr. Edmundson, who was an expert 

mycologist and our family doctor until his heart failure at 87, 

for years inspected and classified the mushrooms harvested 

by Shizue and me, while his wife Mary and I cleaned them. 

Dr. Edmundson gave me safety, joy in the hunt, expertise for 

our area. The Columbia River Gorge offers rich stores. 

Cabbage mushrooms, chanterelles, Japanese pine, morels, 

and shaggy manes are representative of the mushrooms we 

enjoy here. 10 December 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Jerry Haugen, Klamath Falls, 

Oregon 

E-MAIL: jerry@mushroomcompany.com 



COMMENTS: Publisher of the monthly Mushroom Growers' 

Newsletter since 1992. Formerly partner in commercial 

production of oyster mushrooms. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: James Michael Healy, Roseburg, 

Oregon 

E-MAIL: jmichael@mcsi.net 



COMMENTS: Retired outdoorsman who had collected a 

variety of mushrooms after taking classes 15 years ago. 

Mostly after edibles, but can't help but find interest in 

everything else. Live in an unbelievable chanterelle area. I 

have collected some mushrooms considered "rare." 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Marko Mikulich, Drain, Oregon 

E-MAIL: marko@erdc.com 



COMMENTS: I'm interested in toxic mushrooms and their 

look-alikes. I've developed an interactive computer-based 

instructional program called the "MUSHROOM HUNT!". 

You can see a description of it at my web site: (






http://www.erdc.com/mushroom.html ). I'm interested in 

meeting people from this area who are interested in forays. I 

live in the forest, and the mushrooming is great!! 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Phoenix Rady, Molalla, Oregon 

E-MAIL: phoenix@rady.com 



COMMENTS: I have been reading some books on 

mushrooming including, "All That The Rain Promises And 

More..." A really awesome field resource. I have always 

loved cooking with mushrooms and have avidly wildcrafted 

berries, nuts and more for years. I guess this is just a natural 

progression. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: John Rickert, Williams, Josephine 

County, Oregon 

E-MAIL: jrickert@a1pro.net 



COMMENTS: My primary interests are with morels, Shaggy 

Parasols, chanterelles and boletes. I am in a large mountain 

basin and the hunting is great. 

NAME/LOCATION: Maggie Rogers, Portland, Oregon 

E-MAIL: rogersmm@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I pick, search, write about, edit Mushroom 

the Journal with Don Coombs, belong to Oregon 

Mycological Society and other regionals, to NAMA, MSA 

(associate), and British Mycological Society. Keeping 

mushroomers in touch with each other... and am Fungal 

Cave Books, putting old books with new owners. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Wes Stone, Portland, Oregon 

E-MAIL: wstone@lclark.edu 



COMMENTS: I forage for mushrooms in the forests of 

Western Oregon. My Forager Home Page, which contains 

personal foray reports and introductory information on the 

recreational gathering of wild foods, is at: 

http://www.lclark.edu/~wstone/stuff/forager.html 

NAME/LOCATION: Randall Wayne, Eugene, Oregon 

E-MAIL: RushWayne@aol.com 







COMMENTS: Inventor of method for using hydrogen 

peroxide to prevent contamination in all phases of gourmet 

mushroom growing. Author of instruction manual on same 

topic. Maintain related website at 

http://members.aol.com/RushWayne/Perox_Mushrooms.html. 

* -- Mycology expertise limited to this area. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Daniel B. Wheeler, Portland, 

Oregon 

E-MAIL: dwheeler@teleport.com 



COMMENTS: Over the past 15 years, I have cultivated at 

least 40 species of fungi, including: morels, chanterelles, 

truffles, shiitake, Rhizopogons, Sclerodermas, Pleurotus, 

Flammulina, Pluteus, Ganoderma, etc. I am primarily 

interested in A: growing trees for long-term production; B. 

showing how fungi are more valuable than trees. I am past 

president of the North American Truffling Society, organizer 

of the Portland Chapter of NATS, and past president of the 

Oregon Mycological Society. I have been involved with 

cultivation experiments on tree farms, with growing fungi on 

logs, and have been accepted as an expert in truffles by the 

Clackamas County Court, Oregon. I have collected 

approximately 120 different truffle species in the last 10 

years, some 20 of which are species novum. 

NAME/LOCATION: Jeff Wilson, Mapleton, Oregon 

E-MAIL: wilsonl@presys.com 



COMMENTS: I enjoy collection and cultivation of Maitale, 

Ling Chee, Lions Mane and others. I am planning on doing 

this exclusively in the near future. 

NAME/LOCATION: Ronald C. Wright Sr., Gearhart, 

Oregon 

E-MAIL: rwright@pacifier.com 



COMMENTS: I have some experience of sucessful 

cultivation of Shiitake on alder sawdust. I live in an ideal 

area for many species. 4/99 

Washington 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/pnwusa.html (4 of 10) [5/3/2004 9:39:15 PM]



NAME/LOCATION: Eric Bergman, Kelso, Washington 

State 

E-MAIL: cyberg@cetnet.net 



COMMENTS: I have been picking chanterelles and would 

like to find some more edibles in the area. 10/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Michael Carey, Redmond, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: mikeca@concentric.net 



COMMENTS: I am interested in collection and cultivation 

of various species of mushrooms. I am researching the 

possiblity of growing Oyster and Shitake mushrooms and 

selling them. I would also like to do more field collection and 

would welcome others to go with me on field trips. 

NAME/LOCATION: Vicki DeBoer, Olympia, Washington 

E-MAIL: Vdeboer@aol.com 



COMMENTS: My lifelong interest in fungi has had a 

marvelous playing field, for the last 30 years, in the high 

school biology classroom. With retirement very close at 

hand, I will soon have unlimited time to pursue fungal 

foraging! 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Brian E. Dunn, Quilcene / Olympic 

Peninsula, Washington 

E-MAIL: brianedunn@aol.com 



COMMENTS: My primary interest is gathering chanterelles, 

king boletes, and other easily identified choice edibles for the 

table. I'm interested in other wild edibles, as well. Scoping 

out potential collecting areas is the perfect excuse for 

enjoying the beauty and solitude of nature. I'm most familiar 

with the Northeast Olympic Peninsula area. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Debbie Gephart, Vancouver, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: debbieg@keysandschulerhomes.com 



COMMENTS: Bolete hunting tips for southwest Washington


especially Kings. 4/99 


NAME/LOCATION: Deanne Huntley, Olympia, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: mhunt37950@aol.com 



NAME/LOCATION: Richard J. Kinsey, Vancouver 

Clark, Washington 

E-MAIL: rkinsey@pacifier.com 



COMMENTS: Cultivation of Genus Morel. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Gordon Knutson, Eastern 

Washington, Washington 

E-MAIL: gmartinn@owt.com 



COMMENTS: Have done lots of hunting on Oregon 

coast,and Eastern Washington-for edibles. Been doing it for 

about 10 years. Have read books on subject very carefully. 

Goofed once,and almost ate a poison one-but never again. 

NAME/LOCATION: Deanna Lickey, Friday Harbor, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: lickey@fhl.washington.edu 



COMMENTS: Current interests: Microscopic 

characteristics and autoflourescence in Inocybe species, 

checklist of the mushrooms of the San Juan Islands, and 

photomicroscopy of fungi. I have taught community college 

classes on mushroom identification and mushroom toxins. 

NAME/LOCATION: Dale Lyman, Everett, Washington 

E-MAIL: wirenut593@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I am a beginner in all senses of the word. 1 

Dec. 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Igor Malcevski, Snohomish, 

Snohomish County, Washington 

E-MAIL: igor@premier1.net 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Experienced Student



COMMENTS: As editor of Snohomish County Mycological 

Society's Newsletter and a 15-year member I get involved 

with all aspects of our Society. I enjoy the outdoors, 

especially when the fungi are on display. 4/99 

P>NAME/LOCATION: Brian McNett, Bremerton, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: bmcnett@linknet.kitsap.lib.wa.us 



COMMENTS: I've picked mushrooms since the age of 3, and 

have been a member in good standing of the Pacific 

Northwest Key Council for the past two years (for those who 

don't know, the Key Council is a group of amateur and 

professional mycologists who get together twice a year, and 

work to create identification keys for Northwest mushroom 

species). 

NAME/LOCATION: David Oestreich, Richland, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: davoest@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: Have been hunting mushrooms and other 

wild edibles for over 50 years in a number of different states. 

Interested in swapping information and possible joint forays. 

Interested in possible formation of mushroom club in 

Richland area. 10/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Drew Parker, Metaline Falls, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: dparker@iomet.com 



COMMENTS: Mycology has been a consuming interest of 

mine since about 1975. Though I began this interest 

innocently enough, to have a focus during my excursions into 

the mountains, I have come to regard the fungi with almost 

mystical fascination. I'm currently interested in microscopy, 

taxonomy, myco-landscaping, making mushroom art, and 

having a wonderful time collecting in the wild with others of 

like mind. 

NAME/LOCATION: Fred M. Rhoades, Bellingham, 

Whatcom County, Washington 

E-MAIL: fredr@cc.wwu.edu 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Qualified Expert Mycologist



COMMENTS: Broad interests in the natural history of all 

fungi with specific interests in the ecology of fungi, 

particularly that of lichens and mushroom-forming 

basidiomycetes. Author of PC-TAXON, a synoptic key 

building program for DOS PCs. Teach a variety of 

field-based seminars in the northwestern United States 

through local nature institutes. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Matthew Schwartz, Bothell, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: ss3643@gte.net 



COMMENTS: I am basically interested in photographing 

mushrooms. I have an interest in nature, which is my 

primary photographic subject. Although I don't know much 

about the science, I still enjoy trying to identify and beautify 

these fungi in my photos. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Lyle Schweigert, Skagit, Washington 

E-MAIL: OffrvrII@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I've picked chanterelles and morels for 20 

years in northwest Washington. I want to know more about 

other species, especially boletes and Russula. 11/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Carol Shih, Seattle, Washington 

E-MAIL: cshih@accessone.com 



COMMENTS: Just began my interest in fungi 3 months ago, 

and would like to know more, primarily edible and 

medicinal. Would welcome e-mail from people in greater 

Seattle area who would like to plan exploratory expeditions 

to hunt for them together. 10/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Donald Allen Spurgeon, Port 

Orchard, Washington 

E-MAIL: KomodoDragon@worldnet.att.net 



COMMENTS: My interest are both scientific and culinary. I 

have degrees in Physics and Mathematics. I hope to add 

amateur mycologist to my list of hobbies. 10/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Paul Stamets, Olympia, Washington 

E-MAIL: mycomedia@aol.com



INTEREST(S): Primarily Interested in Cultivation --- 


COMMENTS: Owner of Fungi Perfecti---a cutting-edge, 

environmentally friendly company offering kits, cultures and 

technologies for the cultivation of edible and medicinal 

mushrooms. We are a Certified Organic mushroom farm, 

mycological research facility, and mail-order company. 

Mail: P.O. Box 7634, Olympia, WA 98507, USA. Phone: 

(800) 780 9126. Fax: (360) 426 9377. URL: 

http:www.fungi.com 

NAME/LOCATION: Eric Swisher, Bellingham, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: orpheus@cio.net 



COMMENTS: I am a member of SCMS (Everett) and NMA 

(Bellingham). I have always loved picking mushrooms. 

Something about gathering their firm foodliness in the cool 

dampness of the forest triggers a primal hunter-gatherer 

instinct which I really enjoy. I am also interested in 

mushroom cultivation. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Edgar A. Tieman, Graham, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: wa235@earthlink.net 



COMMENTS: I would like to be able to identify and grow. A 

mushroom garden would look better than a flower garden. 

11/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Deborah K. van der Ley, Vancouver, 

Washington 

E-MAIL: pywacket@uswest.net 



COMMENTS: Know enough that if there's a shadow of a 

doubt, don't eat it. Took a course from an expert mycologist. 

Have done spore print ID. Seven years foraging in the 

Pacific Northwest. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Doug Ward, Seattle, Washington 

E-MAIL: mushrrrm@aol.com 



COMMENTS: Interests: The search for edibles in 

Washington, Idaho & Oregon. Cultivation of edibles,



primarily Morchella and Lepiota rachodes. Other 

Mycological societies. Long standing member of Puget 

Sound Mycological Society. 



is part of 



"Mushroomers Online!": EUROPE 


Directory 

EUROPE 

AUSTRIA 

BELGIUM 

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 

CZECH REPUBLIC 

CROATIA 

DENMARK 

FINLAND 

FRANCE 

GERMANY 

GREECE 

HOLLAND/THE NETHERLANDS 

HUNGARY 

ITALY 

MACEDONIA 

MOLDOVA 

NORWAY 

PORTUGAL 

ROMANIA 

RUSSIA 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/europe.html (1 of 33) [5/3/2004 9:39:19 PM]


SCOTLAND 

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 

SPAIN 

SWEDEN 

TURKEY 

UNITED KINGDOM 

YUGOSLAVIA 

AUSTRIA 

NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Ingo Broeg, 6700 Bludenz, 

Austria 

E-MAIL: ife.@vrz.net 



NAME/LOCATION: Hochreiter Klaus, Linz, Austria 

E-MAIL: hochreiterklaus@yline.com 



COMMENTS: Decompose straw for animal feed growing 

edible mushrooms under low level sterile conditions to 

lower the energy costs in shiitake produktion. 3/00 

BELGIUM 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/europe.html (2 of 33) [5/3/2004 9:39:19 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Vandecasteele Emile, Onhaye, 

Belgium 

E-MAIL: emile.vdc@skynet.be 



COMMENTS: Wild mushroom photography --interested 

in spectacular species in Europe. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Bourdeaux Quentin, Gembloux, 

BELGIUM 

E-MAIL: bourdeaux@fsagx.ac.be







COMMENTS: I'm essentially studying African tropical 

edible wild mushrooms. Last year, I have prospected the 

Copperbelt Province, in Zambia. With Mr. Buyck, an 

international Expert for African mushrooms (Director of 

Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Museum National 

d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris), we have described more or 

less 50 edible species. The key-words of my report are : 

inventory, ecology, phenology, food value and 

ethnomycology (socio-economical aspects). I'm working 

in the University of Gembloux (Laboratoire d'Ecologie) 

and we have developed a project concerning mushrooms. 

Now, I'm analysing aromas on different edible species 

(Cantharellus spp., Lactarius spp., etc.). I would like to 

also study Termitomyces spp. 

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA 

NAME/LOCATION: Mladen Lonèar, Mostar, 

Bosnia-Herzegovina 

E-MAIL: meditrad@hpt.net.ba 




CZECH REPUBLIC 

NAME/LOCATION: Mirek Junek, Usti nad Orlici, 

Czech republic 

E-MAIL: mirek.junek@worldonline.cz 



COMMENTS: Fungi taxonomy, PC as a tool for 

determining of fungi and collecting information about 

fungi, photographing and scanning of fungi and last but 

not least, eating tasty mushrooms. 11/00 

CROATIA 







NAME/LOCATION: Zlatko Ademovic dipl. oec., Split, 

Croatia 

E-MAIL: tekmma@st.tel.hr 



COMMENTS: My experiences and experiments are to the 

area of liquid mycelium. Procedure of quick growth 

primordia. Agocybe aegerita, Ganoderma lucidum, 

Lentinula edodes. -- 10 December 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Ivica Hrncic, Zagreb, Croatia 

E-MAIL: Ivica_Hrncic@geocities.com 



COMMENTS: I`m just about to start cultivation of 

shiitake. Any advice will be more than welcome. 

NAME/LOCATION: Denis Ivancic, 

Pazin,Croatia,52000, Croatia 

E-MAIL: findi@pu.tel.hr 



COMMENTS: My interest is in truffles. 9/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Zeljko Kuktic, Virovitica, 

Croatia 

E-MAIL: zeljko.kuktic@viro.tel.hr 



COMMENTS: I`m just start cultivation of shiitake. Any 

advice will be welcome. Thanks. 9/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Drago Majer, Nasice, Croatia 

E-MAIL: dragutin.majer@po.tel.hr 



COMMENTS: Especially interested in Boletus spp., 

public exibitions of mushrooms, photography and lectures 

on local mushrooms. 11/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Ervin Raguzin, Rijeka, Croatia 

E-MAIL: ervin.raguzin@ri.tel.hr 



COMMENTS: Photographing wild mushrooms; 

mushroom books.


NAME/LOCATION: Srdjan Selendic, Zagreb, Croatia 

E-MAIL: sselendi@bbm.hr 



COMMENTS: I am growing Pleurotus and Lentinula 

from my own spawn on almost commercial scale. 6/98 

DENMARK 

NAME/LOCATION: Gabor Fabricius, Copenhagen, 

Denmark E-MAIL: fabricius@euroconnect.dk 


KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: Intermediate COMMENTS: 

Since childhood, I was gathering mushrooms. My father 

was a mushroom fan, a pharmacist Ph.D., and he taught 

me. I spent 20 years in Japan, where mushroom growing 

and cooking is an ancient art. 

FINLAND 

NAME/LOCATION: Mauri Lahti, Hämeenlinna, 

Finland 

E-MAIL: Mauri.Lahti@ktaa.htk.fi 



COMMENTS: I´m a teacher and know good methods to 

teach fungies and toadstools to children and adults. I´m 

interested in everything that´s happening with this area. 

Mail me if you want something from Finland. 

NAME/LOCATION: Juha Ylisiurua, Helsinki, Europe, 

Finland 

E-MAIL: juha.ylisiurua@helsinki.fi 



FRANCE 


NAME/LOCATION: Bernard Laevens, Meteren, 

France


E-MAIL: P.tuber-regium@wanadoo.fr 



COMMENTS: I am primarly interested in Hypsizygus 

ulmarius, Hericium erinaceus, Pleurotus species, 

shiitake. I am starting a mushroom farm soon. I have also 

an strong interest in Morchella cultivation, and the use of 

agricultural wastes for cultivation. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Arnould Charles Raphaël, 

Cagnes sur mer, Alpes Maritimes, France 

E-MAIL: fungi@club-internet.fr 



COMMENTS: Interested in alpine and Mediterranean 

fungi---author of CD-ROM on Mediterranean fungi. 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Jean Studer, Paris, France 

E-MAIL: jean.studer@wanadoo.fr 



COMMENTS: I'm a member of mushroomers in France. 

I'm particulary interested in mushroom photography and 

mushroom cooking. If you contact me on these subjects, I 

will answer. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Bruce Henry Youll, Cagnes sur 

mer, France 

E-MAIL: bruceyo@atsat.com 



COMMENTS: I live in the South of France, and where I 

live I have found many species which are difficult to 

identify exactly. I would like to send photos to someone by 

email to help in my study in identifying species which are 

often not quite the same as ones which are in books. 

10/99 

GERMANY 


NAME/LOCATION: Vivien Bedregal Calderón, Kiel, 

Schleswig-Holstein, Germany 

E-MAIL: kieler.pilzfreunde@web.de 




COMMENTS: I´m interested in all kinds of mushrooms. 

Searching for people who know about mushrooms of the 

rainforest or South America. 3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Yasser Dergham, 47800 

Krefeld, Germany 

E-MAIL: mykomax@t-online.de 



(Cultivation) 

COMMENTS: I have a Ph.D. in mushroom cultivation 

especially in Agaricus, Pleurotus and Lentinulla. My work 

is in research and consulting by MykoMax Ltd. 7/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Andreas Gminder, Stuttgart, 

Germany 

E-MAIL: agminder@stuttgart.netsurf.de 



COMMENTS: Since 3-4 years I started to investigate 

Mollisia sensu latu (Dermateaceae, inoperculate 

Ascomycetes). Some results are published yet in "Z. 

Mykol.". Also a paper about Limacella in the same 

journal. For continuing the investigations in Mollisia 

sensu latu. I would very much like to obtain material from 

several parts of the world and get in contact with people 

having the same interests. I'm member of the "DGfM" and 

the "Verein d. Pilzfreunde Stuttgart" and I'm co-editor of 

their journal "Südwestdeutsche Pilzrundschau (SPR)." 8 

Feb. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Ziegler Thomas, D-97828 

Marktheidenfeld, Germany 

E-MAIL: Biologische.Pilze@t-online.de 



COMMENTS: Small organic mushroom farm in 

Germany, developing and breeding strains, substrates 

and mushrooms. 6/98 

GREECE 


NAME/LOCATION: Konstantinos Bouropoulos, 

Aghios Stephanos, Greece



E-MAIL: kobour@compulink.gr 



COMMENTS: I am a chemical process engineer (ASAE 

member) living in Greece. I am considering to establish a 

specialty mushroom farm near Athens. Over the last two 

years I've been studying mushrooms and mycology from 

many textbooks like Paul Stamets' "Growing Gourmet & 

Medicinal Mushrooms" and "Mushroom Cultivator", 

Peter Oei's "Mushroom Cultivation", Paul Przybylowicz 

& John Donogue's "Shiitake Growers Handbook" and 

many others. I cultivated shiitake mushrooms indoors 

using sterilized sawdust and spawn from "Fungi 

Perfecti". I am interested in shiitake and oyster 

mushroom cultivating techniques on pasteurized or 

sterilized substrates. 

NAME/LOCATION: Panos Diamantopoulos, Kastoria, 

Greece, West Macedonia in Greece 

E-MAIL: deya-kast@otenet.gr 



COMMENTS: My hobby is Funghi. I learned about them 

from my friend John Sitilidis, more than fifty edible 

species and over fifty poisonous or inedible. Everyone 

from Greece, can send an E-mail for exchange our 

experiences or visit us in Kastoria, to go together for 

hunting mushrooms. 3/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Sitilidis Ioannis, Kastoria, 

Greece, West Macedonia in Greece 

E-MAIL: deya-kast@otenet.gr 



COMMENTS: I am interested in fungi, butterflies and 

wildflowers over 30 years. 4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Angelos Papadimitriou, Xanthi, 

Greece 

E-MAIL: xanangel@otenet.gr 



COMMENTS: This is an update to invite people to visit 

my myco page at 

http://members.xoom.com/XanXan/,where they can see 

some fungi photos and help me identify some. 11/99



NAME/LOCATION: Giorgos Papadopoulos, 

Irakleio/Crete, Greece 

E-MAIL: gpapad@usa.net 



COMMENTS: I love mushrooms and I would like to get 

in touch with experienced people, especially from Greece. 

4/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Dinos Stoyias, Thessalonike, 

Greece 

E-MAIL: dinsto@compulink.gr 



HOLLAND/THE NETHERLANDS 

NAME/LOCATION: John Kap, Schiedam, The 

Netherlands 

E-MAIL: j.kap@bk.tudelft.nl 



COMMENTS: I like to photograph mushrooms, but I 

want to know more about them. 

http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/users/kap/internet 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Peter Overeem, Zeewolde, 

Holland 

E-MAIL: 0overeem02@zeewolde.flnet.nl 



COMMENTS: I am trying to set up small import and 

export business of edible mushrooms, especially the 

Shii-take, oyster and Chanterelle mushrooms. We have a 

chain of growers in Serbia, who grow first class of the 

above mushrooms. At this moment the above mushrooms 

are very pricy, and in order to let a greater amount of 

people enjoy these mushrooms, we are able to offer them 

at lower market prices. If you are interested in 

experiencing the great taste of these specific mushrooms, 

please send me an e-mail. 

NAME/LOCATION: Lou Vermeer, Noord Holland, 

The Netherlands


E-MAIL: paddo@elessar.demon.nl 



COMMENTS: My site contains most of the photographs 

(about 100) I have made of mushrooms. I took most 

pictures in The Netherlands. 

http://www.elessar.demon.nl/imgs/paddos/ 12/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Maarten Vissinga, Utrecht, The 

Netherlands 

E-MAIL: ingeborg.j@worldonline.nl 



COMMENTS: I am thinking of starting experiments with 

cultivating different kinds of mushrooms. 4/99 

HUNGARY 

NAME/LOCATION: Gabor Fabricius, 

Budapest.Naphegyutca 25., Hungary 

E-MAIL: fabriciu@starkingnet.hu 



NAME/LOCATION: Repasi Gabor, MISKOLC Kiss 

tabornok u.6., Hungary 

E-MAIL: repasi44@matavnet.hu 



COMMENTS: My hobby is fungi. I am a government 

mycologist. 3/99 

ITALY 


NAME/LOCATION: Andrea Archi, Faenza, Italy 

E-MAIL: aarchi@planetall.com 



NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Emidio Borghi, Borgo Val di 

Taro (Parma), Italy 

E-MAIL: analytical@infomont.it 





COMMENTS: Preserved mushrooms (dried, frozen, in 

olive-oil, salted) 9/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Paolo Cazzoli, Bologna, Italy 

E-MAIL: morak@alinet.it 



COMMENTS: I study Boletus s.l. and Russula since 

1980. I have made some writing published on the Act of 

the International Congress of Russulales and Boletales. 

I'm the President of the Micological Group of Bologna. 

11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Mario Cervini, Castronno, Italy 

E-MAIL: cervinimario@libero.it 



COMMENTS: Very interested and good experience in 

Inocybe and Russula, but good knowledge in all 

basidiomycetes. 5/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Marco Floriani, Italy 

E-MAIL: FlorianiMarco@valsugana.com 



COMMENTS: I am not a professional mycologist, but I 

have been studying fungal taxonomy for several years. I 

use to be a teacher in several mycology courses, and I 

have published some papers about the taxonomy of fungi 

in Northern Italy. My favourite genera are Russula and 

Hygrocybe, but I like to study macromycetes in general. I 

am also one of the editors of "Bollettino del Gruppo 

Micologico G. Bresadola". 

NAME/LOCATION: Vincenzo Gozzini, Brescia, 

Lombardia, Italia 

E-MAIL: salvi.gozzini@numerica.it 



COMMENTS: I began studying mycology during middle 

school (11-14 years old). I am a metallurgical technician, 

but, loving nature, my interest in the field is always 

progressing. 

NAME/LOCATION: Franco Guadagni, Cirie' 

(Torino), Italy



E-MAIL: guadagni@cselt.it 



COMMENTS: Mushroom picker since the age of ten, I 

have grown a deep interest in understanding more about 

mycology. My main interest is in taxonomy and 

geographical localization of the various species in Italy. 

10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Niki Jarrera, Viareggio (Lucca), 

Italy 

E-MAIL: nicopist@ats.it 



COMMENTS: I wish to know something about 

mushroom cultivation. I like to look for and am a good 

chef of mushrooms. Famous is the Macrolepiota procera 

alla erba cipolina. 10 December 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Bernard Journo, Rome, Italy 

E-MAIL: md3606@mclink.it 



COMMENTS: I have commercial and personal interest 

in wild mushrooms (Boletus, Cantharellus, Morchella, 

truffles, etc.) i'm specially interested to find new sources 

of supply of these species and especially of Tuber 

melanosporum, Tuber magnatum pico, Tuber indicum 

and other Tuber species. 

NAME/LOCATION: Tomasini Marino, Trieste, Italy 

E-MAIL: 040820714@iol.it 



COMMENTS: I'm mainly interested in Russula and 

Boletus. I cooperate with my association in the mapping 

of fungi growth in Italy. Also interested in microscopy 

(will follow a course in Sept.) 6/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Sergio Scrivano, Calabria, Italy 

E-MAIL: sergio@calnet.it 



COMMENTS: I am interested in finding and eating 

mushrooms, but I just eat mushrooms that I find. 

NAME/LOCATION: Joe Tregambi, Brescia, Italy


E-MAIL: joetre@libero.it 



COMMENTS: My sister and I love nature and every 

autumn we spend several days going in the forests here in 

Italy, Switzerland and Austria, also for taking photos of 

beautiful mushrooms. 6/00 

MACEDONIA 

NAME/LOCATION: Gordana Cavkova, Strumica, 

Macedonia 

E-MAIL: gorde_c@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: I started producing Pleurotus sp. with 

help from Vane Sokolovski. I want to start production of 

Shiitake, Flammulina & Ganoderma mushrooms. 

Anybody who can help, please contact me. 3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Vane Sokolovski, Kocani, 

Macedonia 

E-MAIL: vane69@gmx.net 



COMMENTS: I am producer of mycelium for 

Flammulina, Ganoderma, Grifola, Lentinus, Pleurotus 

with possibility of cooperation in all fields. ++389 91 

113192 9/00 

MOLDOVA 


NAME/LOCATION: Anatolii, Kishinev, Moldova 

E-MAIL: roguestone@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: I'm going to set up a farm here in 

Moldova (I'm primarily interested in cultivating Agaricus 

bisporus). Any information (facilities, prices, cultivation 

indoors/outdoors or even related websites) would be very 

helpful. 4/00


NAME/LOCATION: Irina Pirtu, Chisinau, Moldova 

E-MAIL: dusenko@mdl.net 



COMMENTS: I graduated from the State Agricultural 

University of Moldova. I currently work as a 

post-graduate student dealing with fungal pathogens in 

mushroom cultivation. I would appreciate any 

information from people working in areas similar to 

mine. 1/99 

NORWAY 

NAME/LOCATION: Trygve Gulbrandsen, Hokksund, 

Norway 

E-MAIL: g_trygve@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have started to grow shiitake in Norway 

on natural logs. My web-site, which hopefully also will 

come in an English version soon, is at 

http://home.sol.no/~trygulbr/. I am also interested to start 

growing other edibles. 1/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Lars Are Hamre, Bergen, 

Norway 

E-MAIL: lars.hamre@ifm.uib.no 



COMMENTS: I love to cook and I love nature. 

Mushrooming is a perfect way to combine. Besides 

mushrooms are the most beautiful organisms ever. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Else R. Wiborg, 1300 Sandvika, 

Norway E-MAIL: bwiborg@online.no INTEREST(S): 

Scientific Interest in Mycology ---- KNOWLEDGE 

LEVEL: Qualified Expert Mycologist* COMMENTS: 

Chairwoman of The Norwegian Mycological Society for 

17 years. 

POLAND 


NAME/LOCATION: Krzysztof Koziorowski, Piotrkow


Trybunalski, Poland 

E-MAIL: Krisarch@poczta.onet.pl 



3/00 

PORTUGAL 

NAME/LOCATION: Miguel Angelo Borges, Braga, 

Portugal 

E-MAIL: ei19441@u3000.eng.uminho.pt 



COMMENTS: My main interest is in cultivating 

mushrooms for decorative purposes. 6/98 

ROMANIA 

NAME/LOCATION: Maria Baicu, Timisoara, 

Romania 

E-MAIL: mioara@xnet.ro 



COMMENTS: I am interested in Pleurotus cultivation. 

5/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Avram Gigel Doru, Galati, 

Romania 

E-MAIL: avram_g@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: My purpose is to put up a mushrooms 

farm here in Romania.I need a project which includes all 

data about growing mushrooms and how much money i 

need in this matter. 3/00 

RUSSIA 


NAME/LOCATION: Vladimir E. Karpovsky, Niznij 

Novgorod, Russia


E-MAIL: vek@sandy.ru 



COMMENTS: My experience is in Pleurotus cultivation, 

making project for mushroom farms. The Center of 

spiritual development, which I head, has interest in 

ecological projects with Red Book-shrooms, 

micro-cultivation of them (indoor/outdoors) and research 

of medical mushrooms like Grifola frondosa, Ganoderma, 

Lentinus. Search partner for constant cooperation in 

Europe and Asia. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Sergei Kusnetsov, Krasnodar, 

Russia 

E-MAIL: tounik@geo.kubsu.ru 



COMMENTS: Mushroom Productions in Russia of edible 


NAME/LOCATION: Safonov Maxim, Orenburg, 

Russia 

E-MAIL: omic@mail.oris.ru 



COMMENTS: Wood-destroying fungi (primailly 

saprotrophic), their geography, ecology. Tree-fungus 

relations (substrate specialization). The specific 

characteristics of that group of fungi in extremal 

conditions (in steppe zone, at the border of forest and 

steppe). Images of the same fungi. 11/98 

SCOTLAND 


NAME/LOCATION: Stuart Gall, Dundee, Tayside, 

Scotland 

E-MAIL: sjgall@quista.net 



COMMENTS: Began 1992, enjoy trying to identify all 

fungi. Went online June 2000 with Website called Tayside 

Fungi: http://users.quista.net/sjgall/ 9/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Stephen Naysmith, Glasgow,


Scotland 

E-MAIL: stephen@cqm.co.uk 



COMMENTS: My obsession with fungi started from an 

urge to pick and cook. Since then I and my partner Rachel 

have become fascinated, collecting both edible and 

inedible species for identification. Mushrooms are 

prolific in Scotland and there are lots of excellent guided 

walks also. But most people think we are mad so we'd 

love to hear from other myco-loonies. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Rachel Owen, Glasgow, Scotland 

E-MAIL: rachel@mushroomnet.demon.co.uk 



COMMENTS: Self-taught amateur mycologist. Stephen 

and I venture out into rain-soaked Scotland pretty much 

weekly when work allows. And we've just invested in a 

mushroom dryer, so our efforts aren't wasted. 10/98 

SLOVAK REPUBLIC 

NAME/LOCATION: Branislav Zigo, Bratislava, 

Slovak Republic 

E-MAIL: Branislav.Zigo@alcatel.de 



COMMENTS: I am interested about higher mushroom 

cultivation 

SPAIN 


NAME/LOCATION: Annette Abstoss, Barcelona, 

Spain 

E-MAIL: fruitsguzman@mx3.redestb.es 



COMMENTS: Trader of wild mushrooms based in Spain. 

Please contact to make offers. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Ana, Spain, Soria



E-MAIL: cimso@recol.es 



COMMENTS: Me interesan muchos temas, ahora estoy 

interesada en el cultivo de morchellas. 

NAME/LOCATION: Rose Marie Daehncke, Canary 

Islands/Spain 

E-MAIL: sdd00001@teleline.es 



COMMENTS: I'm a German author of some books about 

mushrooms like 1200 Mushrooms in Coloured 

Photographs. Here is my new homepage: 

http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/4652 11 December 

1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Aitzol Etxeberria Etxeberria, San 

Sebastian, Spain 

E-MAIL: plpetsaf@ss.ehu.es 



COMMENTS: I want to carry out a project about a 

reforestation of seedlings mycorrhized with Boletus 

edulis, Boletus aureus, Russula, Cantharellus or 

Lactarius. 11/99 

NAME/LOCATION: L. Galiano, Asturias, Spain 

E-MAIL: LAGALIANO33@smail.ocefss.ucm.es 



1 Dec. 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Matilde Aguilera Garcia, 

Madrid, Spain 

E-MAIL: jaguilera@servcoiae.recol.es 



COMMENTS: I´m a member of The Mycological Society 

of Madrid. I´ve been almost five years collecting 

mushrooms in Pinus silvestris, Fagus silvatica, Quercus 

spp., and Populus spp. In the North of Spain in those 

kinds of forests we can find Lactarius deliciosus, Boletus, 

Russulas and Amanitas. I would like to know what kind of 

mushrooms do you get in U.S.A. 

NAME/LOCATION: Enric Gracia, Barcelona, Spain



E-MAIL: egracia@porthos.bio.ub.es 



COMMENTS: I teach Applied Mycology at Barcelona 

University. My main research is in mycorrhizal 

mushrooms, specially on Lactarius and Tuber. 

NAME/LOCATION: Ana Hergueta, Spain 

E-MAIL: a.hergueta.000@recol.es 



COMMENTS: Me interesan los hongos que micorrizan 

con el abedul (betula spp.); de los hongos 

Aphillophorales sus propiedades anticancerígenas; el 

cultivo de ascomycetes (Tuber y Morchella); el cultivo de 

Cantarellus; cocinar y comer los hongos que encuentro 

en el monte. 

NAME/LOCATION: Cristobal Ruiz Leivas, O Barco 

de Valdeorras, Ourense, Spain (España) 

E-MAIL: cristobo@valdeorras.com 

INTEREST(S): General ---- KNOWLEDGE LEVEL: 

Limited 

COMMENTS: My webpage is that of a simple mushroom 

enthusiast, but I would like to contribute to the mycology 

of Galicia. http://www.valdeorras.com/micologia 4/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Mel Loyola, San Sebastian, Spain 

E-MAIL: mloyola@mx2.redestb.es 



COMMENTS: Specially interested in nutritional aspects 

of mushrooms. 1 Jan. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: José Ramón Martínez, 

Astrabudúa-Vizcaya, Spain 

E-MAIL: joserra@sinix.net 



COMMENTS: Aficionado a la micología que disfruta de 

las salidas al aire libre para la recolección de setas 

comestibles y el análisis e identificación de todas las 

demás. No dudeis en contactar para cualquier tema. 

NAME/LOCATION: Marcos Melero, Fuengirola, 

Spain 

E-MAIL: marcos@paraderodesconocido.com





COMMENTS: Collecting edible species in southern 

Spain. Will exchange information on sites/seasons with 

other people in the area. 10/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Miquel A. Pérez-De-Gregorio, 

Girona, Catalonia, Spain 

E-MAIL: p.g@mx2.redestb.es 



COMMENTS: I am President of the mycolgy associaton: 

"Associació Micològica Joaquim Codina" (Girona, 

Catalonia, Spain), and also member of the Catalan 

Mycological Society, Mycological Society of Madrid, 

Associazione Micologica Bresadola of Trento (Italy), 

AMER (Italy), and CEMM (Mediterranean area). I have a 

works of mycology publicates in Revista Catalana of 

Mycology and others. I co-author of the book "Els bolets 

de les comarques gironines" (The mushrooms of the 

Girona zone). 

NAME/LOCATION: Jordi Rodon, Barcelona, 

Catalonia, Spain 

E-MAIL: jrodon@pie.xtec.es 



COMMENTS: We have a web site, "Catalonia 

Mushrooms," and produce a CD-ROM (Catalan-English) 

on mushrooms: anthropology, classification, mycology, 

etc. 

NAME/LOCATION: Fernando D. Roqué, Tres Cantos, 

Madrid, Spain 

E-MAIL: f.roque@grupobbv.com 



COMMENTS: I am interested in Boletus. I am writing a 

book of Boletus in Spain and also I take photographs. 

NAME/LOCATION: Angel Zaballos Sanz, Madrid, 

Spain 

E-MAIL: AZABALLOS@CNB.UAM.ES 



COMMENTS: My main interest is in edible mushrooms. I 

usually pick up in the Madrid surrounding area. My


favorite species are Boletus edulis, B. pinicola, B. 

reticulatus; Tricholoma equestre, T. portentosum; 

Lactarius deliciosus; and Pleurotus eryngii. I also have 

some experience with Choyromyces gangliformis, which I 

harvest in Extremadura, and with Calocybe gambosa. I 

would like to expand to other high-quality mushrooms 

and to cultivate some of them (especially Boletus). 

NAME/LOCATION: Francisco Testor, Madrid, Spain 

E-MAIL: ftestor@lander.es 



COMMENTS: --- 

NAME/LOCATION: Cremades Ugarte, Javier, A 

Coruña, Spain 

E-MAIL: creuga@udc.es 



COMMENTS: I am interested in the culture methods of 

Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus spp. using waste substrata 

10/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Angel Zaballos, Madrid, Spain 

E-MAIL: azaballos@cnb.uam.es 



COMMENTS: Mi mayor interés se concentra en las 

especies comestibles de la península ibérica. Mi zona de 

recolección se sitúa en los alrededores de Madrid, 

Extremadura y Serranía de Cuenca. Me gustaría 

introducirme en el tema del cultivo o de los proyectos 

sobre cultivo de especies no cultivadas por ahora. 

SWEDEN 


NAME/LOCATION: Elisabeth Bååth, Umea, Sweden 

E-MAIL: elisabeth.baath@mhs.umu.se 



COMMENTS: Cultivation of Lentinus edodes and 

Pleurotus species. Edible mushrooms especially Boletus 

species, Cantharellus spp. and Hygrophorus spp. 

NAME/LOCATION: Richard Hindrell, Stockholm,



Sweden 

E-MAIL: Kaosrider@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: Fanatic Shroomer! 

NAME/LOCATION: Michael Krikorev, Stockholm, 

Sweden 

E-MAIL: krikorev@home.se 



COMMENTS: I'm seduced by the kingdom of fungi... 

everytime I go outside, I find myself staring at the ground 

hoping to find some of the strange and beautiful wonders 

out there. Im a registered mushroom informant and 

arrange exhibitions, excursions and courses. 1/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Hjördis Katarina Lundmark, 

Sundsvall, Sweden 

E-MAIL: Hjordis.k.lundmark@sundsvall.mail.telia.com 



COMMENTS: I am member of the Sundsvalls 

Mykologiska Sällskap since 1970 and chairman of 

Svampfärgarsällskapet in Sweden from the start 1992. My 

special interests are Russula, Lactarius and mushroom 

dyeing. 

NAME/LOCATION: Dan Olofsson, Norrköping, 

Sweden 

E-MAIL: fungus@algonet.se 



COMMENTS: Mapping of fungi in Sweden. Special 

interest in polypores. Information from data-base of more 

than 0.5 million finds in Sweden available. 

NAME/LOCATION: Sigvard Svensson, Lund, Sweden 

E-MAIL: Sigvard.Svensson@botmus.lu.se 



COMMENTS: Mycologist at the Botanical Museeum in 

Lund (Lund University), member of the national expert 

committee on threatened fungi placed under Swedish 

Threatened Species Unit.


SWITZERLAND 


NAME/LOCATION: Alfred Forster, Ch-3077 

Enggistein, Switzerland 

E-MAIL: a.forster@mabag.ch 



COMMENTS: Interested in all kinds of objects with any 

similarity to mushrooms, maybe in shape, design, pattern, 

ornamentation, decoration. 1/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Daniel Job, Neuchatel, 

Switzerland 

E-MAIL: Daniel.Job@bota.unine.ch 



COMMENTS: PhD, Chairman of the Swiss Mycological 

Society, Directeur of research, mycology group Uni 

Neuchatel. Up till now our research has followed in the 

production of substrate, the search for pharmacologically 

active molecules in cultivated edible fungi and the 

environmental factors that influence the growth in culture 

of: Agrocybe aegerita, Fistulina hepatica, Grifola 

frondosa, Kuehneromyces mutabilis, Langermania 

gigantea, Lyophillum ulmarium, Macrolepiota procera, 

Morchella angusticeps, Sparassis crispa, and S. laminosa. 

NAME/LOCATION: Elia Martini, Bignasco, 

Switzerland 

E-MAIL: eliamartini@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: Tomentella and related thelephoroid 

fungi, Corticiaceae s.l. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jean Conti, CH-8600 Duebendorf 

- Zuerich, Switzerland 

E-MAIL: jean.conti@digital.com 



COMMENTS: Truffle and Morchella cultivation 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Siro Lepori, Lugano - Ticino, 

Switzerland


E-MAIL: jermini@dos.tigov.ch 



COMMENTS: Chief Food Inspector at the Cantonal 

Laboratory of Ticino, the official Southern Switzerland 

Food Control Agency. One of the major activities is the 

control of mushroom submitted by companies importing 

them from abroad or by consumers that would like to 

know if their harvest is edible or not. At the moment 

acting deputy president of VAPKO Switzerland (Swiss 

Society of official mushroom controllers). 

TURKEY 


NAME/LOCATION: Mehmet Erhan Göre, Izmir, 

Turkey 

E-MAIL: goreerhan@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I'm research asistant in the Ege University 

Agriculture Faculty of Plant Protection. I have studied 

important mushroom diseases and their biological control 

possibilities. 3/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Fehmi Kural, Ankara, Turkey 

E-MAIL: fehmikural@superonline.com 



COMMENTS: I want to sell wild mushrooms (Boletus 

edulis and others) which grow in Turkey. 6/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Cenk Oflaz, Ýstanbul, Turkey 

E-MAIL: Oflaz@superonline.com 



COMMENTS: Own a company which produces and 

markets spawned & bagged compost to Agaricus bisporus 

growers in Turkey. Capacity is a mere 6,000 tons/pa. 

Started as an amateur 3 years ago. I want to set up a new 

integrated facility as a joint venture with an international 

company. The industry switched to growth stage from 

embryonic. Some statistics are: wholesale price of 1 kg 

fresh mushroom = $2-2.25, Price of 1 tonne of compost = 

$135, 1 hour wage for picker = $5. We lack info about


mushroom & composting equipment, automation, etc. 

NAME/LOCATION: Murat Yigit, Tokat, Turkey 

E-MAIL: murat_yigit@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: We have been breading mushrooms for 

many years. We want to introduce Europe to our 

delicious white mushroom. 

http://www.homestead.com/yelkowan/mushroom.html 

11/99 

UNITED KINGDOM 


NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Richard Bogle, London, 

United Kingdom 

E-MAIL: richard.bogle@gstt.sthames.mhs.uk 



COMMENTS: I am a clinical pharmacologist and 

toxicologist interested in poisons produced by 


NAME/LOCATION: Will Chapman, Bournemouth, 

Dorset, England 

E-MAIL: willchapman@dial.pipex.com 



COMMENTS: I walk for several hours every weekend in 

the New Forest area of \dorset. I collect mushrooms with 

aview to identification and, if edible, consumption. Ther 

area is a very rich source. Most common (within my 

knowledge) are, of course, Oysters, but also Ceps and 

other boletus. I've found some magnificent outcrops of 

Parasols and quite a few Princes. Would also like to start 

trying to cultivate edibles in my garden/shed/garage. 

NAME/LOCATION: Bob Chilton, Snowdonia National 

Park, United Kingdom 

E-MAIL: rob@chilton.u-net.com 



COMMENTS: Since October of 1996 I have been 

studying the distribution and appearance of all the



macroscopic fungi to be found in the local area. All 

specimens are being digitally photographed and 

catalogued with information on dates of appearance, 

habitat, size and location. A selection of the photographs 

is viewable on my web page at http://chilton.u-net.com 

...This study is likely to continue for many years and all 

photographs freely available for use in non-commercial 

purposes. Communications with other mycophiles 

welcomed. 

NAME/LOCATION: Howard Coate, Woking, Surrey, 


E-MAIL: ha.coate@net.ntl.com 



COMMENTS: I have foraged for wild edibles for more 

than thirty years and harvest sufficient quantities to last 

each year. I am interested in learning about locations to 

find morels in the United Kingdom or to go with others on 

a day trip in the South of England. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Martyn J Dewhurst, 

Hertfordshire, United Kingdom 

E-MAIL: MJDew27@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I am employed in the "commercial world" 

in England and have an interest in walking and looking 

for wild species. I have recently set up a small business 

producing calendars and other artwork containing 

mushrooms. If you would like to see our page it is: 

www.mushroommadness.com 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jane Dick, Winchester, 

Hampshire, England 

E-MAIL: stevie@eastnet.co.uk 



COMMENTS: Honours graduate in microbiology, long 

term interest in mycology. Recent course in cultivation of 

speciality mushrooms at IPC in Venray Holland. Plans to 

set up speciality mushroom cultivation business. 

NAME/LOCATION: Steve Garrington, Cardiff, Wales, 

United Kingdom. 

E-MAIL: fungus@dtn.ntl.com 





COMMENTS: I have 11 years hunting experience, with 

culinary motives uppermost. The local topography is 

extremely varied, resulting in the collection and 

preparation of over 70 types of edible fungi from 

Agaricus abruptibulbus to Xerocomus badius. My 

favourite excluding the "classics" is Agaricus 

macrosporus. 

1/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Stefan Craig Gershater, Surrey, 


E-MAIL: bs61sg@surrey.ac.uk 



COMMENTS: Interests include Amanitin toxin action, 

toxin isolation and elucidation, especially alpha amanitin, 

and its applications in molecular cell biology. 18 Dec. 

1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Phil Hall, Wellingborough, 

Northants, United Kingdom 

E-MAIL: comic@squonk.win-UK.net 



COMMENTS: I became interested in mushrooms about 

four years ago when my wife and I stumbled upon 

chanterelles in a local woods. We spent much of the next 

year reading and studying about both edible and 

poisonous varieties. Over the last three years we have 

ventured to a lot of places in the UK in search of anything 

that is remotely interesting in the fungal world. This year 

we upped our intensity, especially because of the poor 

weather (good for mushroom hunters!) in June. The wet 

and cool conditions meant that the season arrived much 

earlier than in past years. We picked enough Horse and 

Parasol mushrooms to keep us in dried stock for months. 

NAME/LOCATION: Nancy Hammonds, Ivybridge, 

Devon, United Kingdom 

E-MAIL: nancy@ivynet.co.uk 



COMMENTS: I'm a botany graduate, used to photograph 

wild fungi in tropical rainforests around the Pacific, now 

look for them in British woodlands. Also an avid collector



of mushroom recipes. Used to grow shiitake. 

NAME/LOCATION: Mark Hampton, Eastleigh, 

Hampshire, United Kingdom 

E-MAIL: astrosite@currantbun.com 



COMMENTS: I have a wide and varied interest in fungi. 

If I can't get out to foray, I look at one of my fungi books. 

8/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Daniel Jardine, West Sussex, 


E-MAIL: Dbj1000@aol.com 



COMMENTS: I've been collecting edible mushrooms for 

20 years, and this week I am celebrating the discovery of 

my first truffle (the first of many now that I've found a 

truffle wood practically on my doorstep). 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Martin Lewy, Great Britain, 

England 

E-MAIL: martin@lewy.force9.net 



COMMENTS: Based in London, I have an all round 

interest in field mycology and regularly lead informal 

groups on local forays. I also have a commercial interest 

- my website www.mycologue.co.uk supplies all sorts of 

things with a mycological theme. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: David Monks, Lancashire, 

England 

E-MAIL: david.monks@virgin.net 



COMMENTS: I have been collecting mushrooms for the 

pot for two years, mainly locally just north of 

Manchester, England, and in the Yorkshire Dales but also 

in the Mayenne department of France where I have a 

house. Found plenty of Agarics and parasols in France, 

also Amanita muscaria, Bay Boletes and blewits. In 

England, locally, Boletes, blushers, grisettes, in 

Yorkshire, Agarics, Giant Puffball, Wax Caps. Still 

Looking for St. George's Mushroom!



NAME/LOCATION: Nicholas F. Moran, London, 

England 

E-MAIL: nmoran@nmr.ion.bpmf.ac.uk 



COMMENTS: I have been interested in fungi for around 

3 years. I regularly hunt for specimens in Epping Forest 

and other areas near London. I have attended some good 

organized forays at Epping. I am developing an interest 

in fungus photography as I would like to catalogue my 

finds but am unfortunately hopeless at drawing/painting. 

As far as I can find out, there is no local mycological 

society around London. I wonder if anybody out there 

would be interested in such a society? 12 Nov 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Arthur James Nightingale, 

Kedington Suffolk, England UK 

E-MAIL: Arthur.N@Softsim.com 



COMMENTS: My wife and I went on an organised 

mushroom hunt. I have eaten mushrooms and morels and 

would like to learn which can be eaten safely and to learn 

their names. 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Keith Norman, Jersey, Channel 

Isles, UK 

E-MAIL: tando@itl.net 



COMMENTS: I am interested in anything fungi related. 

Going out and identifying is my main hobbie in autumn 

time and I try to find the more rarer variety. I still have 

not found the Fly Agaric, and I really want to! 6/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Giles Pepperell, 

Walton-on-Thames, United Kingdom 

E-MAIL: giles@militia.demon.co.uk 



COMMENTS: General interest in bioremediation and the 

Psilocybe species of the UK. Looking for P. semilanceata 

spore prints. 

NAME/LOCATION: Mrs Mary Pollard, Cheddar 

Somerset, England



E-MAIL: mary.pollard4@which.net 



COMMENTS: I have only recently expanded my interest 

in mushrooms/fungi.I have been on organised forays in 

Somerset and Gloucestershire. I have also done some 

foraying with my partner (more experienced) in Devon, 

Cornwall, Wales and the Scotish Highlands. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Ian Pratt, Cheshire, England 

E-MAIL: i.pratt@dl.ac.uk 



COMMENTS: I have only just started looking at 

mushrooms and fungi and am interested and facinated by 

them. 1 Dec. 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Jonathan Simons, West Sussex, 


E-MAIL: JS@clara.net 



COMMENTS: I like finding, eating and recording fungi. 

Need help in identification. 8/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Stephen Summers, Wiltshire, 

England, United Kingdom 

E-MAIL: svs@praxis.co.uk 



COMMENTS: I enjoy foraying in my local area 

(Wiltshire, in the west of England). I take specimens home 

for identification and eat the good ones. So far I have 

eaten: Boletus aestivus, Grifola frondosa, Lepista nuda, 

Beefsteak fungus, Hedgehog Fungus. I am teaching my 

two young sons as I go! 1 Dec. 1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Oliver Underwood, Lincoln, 

England 

E-MAIL: rw_hb@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I have recently started a university course 

in conservation. I am very interested in all aspects of 

mycology and adore fungi and mushrooms. I am 

particularly interested in troublesome fungi e.g. honey


fungus. Please share information about life/plant 

threatening fungi. 11 Jan. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Lloyd Watson, Bournemouth, 


E-MAIL: lwatson@clara.net 



COMMENTS: Mostly self taught over five years, have 

developed a computer based ID programme for all the 

Higher Fungi called FIRS, amazingly it works but is an 

Access related maths Database and is not user friendly. 

Have own library of books and a small lab to help with 

identifications. 

YUGOSLAVIA 


NAME/LOCATION: Radivojevic Dejan, Belgrade, 

Serbia, Yugoslavia 

E-MAIL: rasa@afrodita.rcub.bg.ac.yu 



COMMENTS: I would like to learn more about 

mushrooms... there are many different kinds of 

mushrooms in my country... nature here is very pure. 1 

Jan. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Bratislav Jovanovic, Leskovac 

16000, Yugoslavia 

E-MAIL: fungo@ptt.yu 



COMMENTS: Our interest is in exporting forest 


NAME/LOCATION: Milosevic Milos, Podgorica, 

Yugoslavia 

E-MAIL: mistran@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I want to collect information about truffles 

in Yugoslavia and former Yu countries. I am just a 

beginner in this field. 11/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Davidovic Mladen, Beograd,



Yugoslavia 

E-MAIL: davidovi@EUnet.yu 



COMMENTS: Mushrooms in medicine; Mushrooms 

poisoning; nature. 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Dr Miomir Niksic, Belgrade, 

Yugoslavia 

E-MAIL: eniksic@eunet.yu 



COMMENTS: *My experience is in Pleurotus cultivation, 

making project for mushroom farms (Agaricus, Lentinus). 

Also I have interest in medical mushrooms like 

Ganoderma, Lentinus. I am also president of Serbian 

Micological Society. 

NAME/LOCATION: Vladimir Zaric, Belgrade, 

Yugoslavia 

E-MAIL: alfa@telekom.yu 



COMMENTS: I am interested in collection and 

cultivation of edible mushrooms. I am also interested in 

natural and synthetic antifungal compounds (especially 

against Candida albicans). 

1/00 



is part of 





"Mushroomers Online!": THE MID-EAST || ASIA 


Directory 

THE MID-EAST || ASIA 

MIDDLE EAST 

EGYPT 

ISRAEL 

KUWAIT 

AFRICA 

SOUTH AFRICA 

ZIMBABWE 

ASIA 

CHINA 

INDIA 

JAPAN 

KOREA 

MALAYSIA 

PHILIPPINES 

SINGAPORE 

TAIWAN 

THAILAND 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/mideasia.html (1 of 12) [5/3/2004 9:39:21 PM]


MIDDLE EAST 

EGYPT 

NAME/LOCATION: Mohamed Mohamed Abdul-Hay, 

Cairo, Egypt 

E-MAIL: mohahy@link.com.eg 



COMMENTS: I work in cultivating mushrooms such as 

Agaricus, Pleurotus, and Shiitake also I am trying to 

cultivate another kind of mushroom. 

ISRAEL 

NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Leslie Greenbaum, Pardess 

Hanna/Karkur, Israel 

E-MAIL: lgparkur@netvision.net.il 



COMMENTS: Member British Mycological Society. 

Interested in Identification, use of microscope, fungus 

forays. Limited knowledge of Fungi in Israel. Would like 

to contact enthusiast for discussion and forays. 1 Dec. 

1997 

NAME/LOCATION: Shlomo Wygodny, Ramat 

Hasharon, Israel 

E-MAIL: wygodny@mercury.co.il 



COMMENTS: General collector, esp. edible. Acquainted 

with Nisan Binyamini, the great Israeli expert. Will be 

very happy to join mushroom trips. 

KUWAIT 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/mideasia.html (2 of 12) [5/3/2004 9:39:21 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Ghulam Shabbir, Kuwait, 

Kuwait 

E-MAIL: gshabbir@safat.kisr.edu.kw







COMMENTS: I have four years experience of mushroom 

cultivation. I am interested in edibles and cultivation. 

11/00 

AFRICA 

NIGERIA 

NAME/LOCATION: Professor M. K. C. Sridhar, 

Ibadan, Nigeria 

E-MAIL: mkcsridhar@skannet.com 



COMMENTS: Trying to collect common edible 

mushrooms from southwestern Nigeria; interested in 

developing a directory of edible mushrooms in Nigeria; 

training of women groups in cultivation for poverty 

alleviation; research in waste/resource recycling and 

utilization. 8/00 

SOUTH AFRICA 


NAME/LOCATION: James McLaren, 

Kwa-Zulu/Natal, South Africa 

E-MAIL: mclarenj@agric.unp.ac.za 



COMMENTS: I have collected shrooms from many areas 

in the Natal midlands. We have an abundance of Boletus 

spp. and it is common to come across Termitomyces spp 

as well. A friend and I have attempted to cultivate shiitake 

mushies as well as a local Pleurotus spp. I am currently 

doing a postgraduate degree, which also involves 

demonstrating undergraduate mycology practicals (a 

good excuse to get paid to hunt shrooms!). 11/98





ZIMBABWE 


NAME/LOCATION: Andrew Connolly, Harare, 

Zimbabwe 

E-MAIL: agconnolly@mail.com 



COMMENTS: I have established a laboratory where we 

are currently producing spawn of Agaricus bisporus and 

will shortly start on Pleurotus. I would like to start 

commercial production of these and others, e.g. shitake. 

Therefore any information I can get would be 

appreciated. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Felicity McConville, Harare, 

Zimbabwe, Africa 

E-MAIL: mconnoly@internet.com.zw 



COMMENTS: Am interested in experimenting with 

Termitomyces,with a view to ascertaining and cultivating 

the termites that are symbiotic with the Termitomyces 

Titanicus. Assistance from Entomologists would help in 

this regard. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Richard Minnaar, Harare, 

Zimbabwe 

E-MAIL: r_minnaar@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: Very limited experience but wish to learn 

as much as possible on the subject so as to grow 

mushrooms commercially. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Roseland Njanina, Harare, 

Zimbabwe 

E-MAIL: rnjanina@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I am very interested in growing button 

mushrooms in my country. I have very limited knowledge 

in this business. I have visited other growers and seen 

what they are doing and I am about to start. 2/99


ASIA 

CHINA 


NAME/LOCATION: Avery Chan, Hong Kong SAR, 

China 

E-MAIL: averyc@pacific.net.hk 



COMMENTS: I am interested in mushroom identification 

and cultivation. I hope to promote mushrooms as a hobby 

in my area. 11/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Yinglong Chen, Guangzhou City, 

Guangdong Province, P.R. of China 510520 

E-MAIL: yinglongc@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: I am working on mycorrhizal research 

while topicals on edible mycorrhizal fungi including pine 

mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) and truffles are my 

keen interests. Currently, we established some field trials 

in Yunnan Province focusing on matsutake mushroom. 11 

Jan. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Alexis Chou, TaiChung, Taiwan 

R.O.C 

E-MAIL: alexis@tcts.seed.net.tw 



COMMENTS: I study the morel sclerotia at research 

period. Now I wish I can be a mushroom farmer. 

NAME/LOCATION: Li huai fang, Beijing 

E-MAIL: lihf@hns.cjfh.ac.cn 



NAME/LOCATION: Ziegler King, Xiamen, Fujian, 

P.R. China 

E-MAIL: jinzijia@cenpok.net 





COMMENTS: medicine effect from eating mushrooms... 

delicious test from eating mushrooms... healthy effect 

from eating mushrooms... also, supply the mushrooms to 

whom like to import fresh or dried mushrooms from 

China. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Kevin Tang, Dalian, China 

E-MAIL: hcmcdlbr@pub.dl.lnpta.net.cn 



COMMENTS: I'm interested in the address and the 

producing conditions of the edible fungi, especially where 

they are in China. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Liu Kam Wah Tommy, China, 

Hong Kong SAR 

E-MAIL: kwliub@hutchcity.com 



COMMENTS: I have a small laboratory where a few 

medicinal mushrooms are cultured. I am interested in the 

medical uses of the mushrooms on the human body. 12/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Yao Wenshan, Guangzhou City, 

Guangdong province, China 

E-MAIL: ywsh11@yahoo.com 



COMMENTS: I graduated from Huazhong Agricultural 

University Wuhan, China in 1996, then I worked in edible 

fungi division of Vegetable Institute, Guangdong 

Academy of Agricultural Sciences. I can cultivate straw 

mushroom, chicken-leg mushroom, shiitake mushroom, 

oyster mushroom, etc. 1/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Howard Zong, Kunming, Yunnan 

Province, China 

E-MAIL: trade2@public.km.yn.cn. 



COMMENTS: I work for a company whose business is 

mushrooms, and have become interested myself. 6/99


INDIA 


NAME/LOCATION: Mr. P. Sachit Anand, Mumbai, 

Maharashtra, India 

E-MAIL: sachit.anand@usa.net 



COMMENTS: I am looking for tips in increasing the 

production of mushrooms. Would also like to hear from 

direct buyers. Also exploring possibilities of selling dried 

oyster mushrooms to wholesalers. 9/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Pranjal Baruah., 

Guwahati-1,Assam, India., 32,Lamb Road, Ambari, 

E-MAIL: pranjal@email.com. 



COMMENTS: I started growing oyster mushrooms in 

1994; started producing spawn in 1995. Currently 

producing mushrooms, spawn, training poor rural 

farmers and starting a community farming concept. 

Guidance is very much needed, and we will be highly 

thankful for it. 6/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Shekhar R Bhosle, Pune, 

Maharashtra, India 

E-MAIL: shekhar50@usa.net 



COMMENTS: I am looking for information especially on 

Shiitake and Ganoderma, especially on Medicinal and 

Cultivational Aspects. 7/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Dinesh Chinnaswamy, Pune, 

India 

E-MAIL: dinesh_chinna 



COMMENTS: I am a mushroom spawn maker & grower. 

I am interested in learning more about the latest growing, 

composting & spawn making practices of the mushroom 

industry. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Nandkumar Mukund Kamat, 

Goa, India 

E-MAIL: gmk6@bom2.vsnl.net.in 




COMMENTS: I completed my doctoral work on the 

biodiversity, taxonomy, ecology, and biology of 

Agaricales of the Indian state of Goa, with special 

emphasis on wild edible species (100+). I specialise in 

Termitophilic genera---Termitomyces Heim and 

Podabrella Singer. Besides I have been training the local 

farmers in the cultivation techniques for Pleurotus 

species. I have also created awareness among the forest 

dwelling communities about the overexploitation of the 

wild edible Termitomyces species. 11 Jan. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Biren A. Patel, Gujarat, India 

E-MAIL: bapatel_in@indiatimes.com 



COMMENTS: I want to do business in edible and 

medicinal mushrooms. Also interested in the export of the 

cultivar. 10/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Kiran Shinde, Bombay, India 

E-MAIL: kshinde@usa.net 



COMMENTS: I am interested in knowing new techniques 

about mushroom cultivation and looking out for 

importers. 12/99 

JAPAN 


KOREA 


NAME/LOCATION: Lee Jeong Bae, Cheju City, South 

Korea 

E-MAIL: smile@cheju1.cheju.ac.kr 



2 Nov. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Chang, Suxo, Kyunggi-do Suwon 

Sudun-dong, South Korea


E-MAIL: otnamu@hanmail.net 



COMMENTS: I'm a Ph.D in plant molecular biology. 

Now, I have my own mushroom farm. 6/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Jong Kyu Lee, Chunchon, Korea 

E-MAIL: jongklee@cc.kangwon.ac.kr 



NAME/LOCATION: Kwak Youn Sig, Kwang Ju, 

Kwang Ju, R.O.Korea 

E-MAIL: younsig@hanmail.net 



COMMENTS: Lactarius 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Changkeun Sung, Taejon city, 

Seoul, Korea 

E-MAIL: kchsung@hanbat.chungnam.ac.kr 



COMMENTS: * -- I teach molecular biology in 

University. I am interested in cultivation of pine tree 

mushroom (Tricoloma matsutake). We set up the 

particular techniques to identify this mushroom's 

molecule biologically, and the culture condition in liquid 

and solid cultures. I like to know more about this 

mushroom for everything. 1/99 

MALAYSIA 


NAME/LOCATION: Ricky Tan Seow Chua, Malacca, 

Malaysia 

E-MAIL: szejit@tm.net.my 



COMMENTS: I was a mushroom grower for about 5 

years, but stopped about 5 years ago. I am still interested 

and would like to keep updated on the latest 

developments. I might go into mushroom cultivation 

again when I retire from my full time job now. 2/00 

NAME/LOCATION: Saiful Alimin Mokhtar, Perak,


Malaysia 

E-MAIL: chap@tm.net.my 



COMMENTS: Cultivate mushroom commercially for the 

past ten years. 8 Feb. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Jemy@Jimmy Omar, Kota 

Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 

E-MAIL: jemy@pc.jaring.my 



COMMENTS: Interested in doing research related to 

bioluminous mushrooms and insects related to 


PAKISTAN 


NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Muhammad Najeeb, 

Sharaqpur, Punjab, Pakistan 

E-MAIL: drnajeeb@nexlinx.net.pk 



COMMENTS: I am beginner in mushroom cultivation. 

Please help me. Thank you. 10/00 

PHILIPPINES 

NAME/LOCATION: Dr. Tricita H. Quimio, 

Philippines E-MAIL: thq@mudspring.uplb.edu.ph 



COMMENTS: I'm teaching mycology courses at the 

University of the Philippines at Los Banos (UPLB). 

Besides teaching, I am also doing researches on 

mushrooms (taxonomy and cultivation) and mushroom 

extension. I have served as an international mushroom 

consultant of FAO and UNDP. I am also head curator of 

the Mycological Herbarium at the UPLB Museum of 

Natural History. I have written quite a few books and 

pamphlets on mushroom cultivation, mushroom 

identifcation and teaching.


SINGAPORE 

NAME/LOCATION: Walter Quah, Singapore, 

Singapore 

E-MAIL: sirdesmo@singnet.com.sg 



NAME/LOCATION: Chen Wei, Singapore, Singapore 

E-MAIL: chenwei@post1.com 



COMMENTS: We are acting as middleman of mushroom 

business between China and Europe for the time being. 

6/98 

TAIWAN 

NAME/LOCATION: Ko-ming Chen, Taichung, 

Taiwan E-MAIL: kmchen@nchu.tw INTEREST(S): 

Scientific Interest in Mycology ---- KNOWLEDGE 

LEVEL: Qualified Expert Mycologist 

THAILAND 


NAME/LOCATION: Aniwat Chalermpongse, 

Bangkok,10900, Thailand 

E-MAIL: aniwatch@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: Biodiversity of Forest Fungi 6/98 





is part of 



"Mushroomers Online!": AUSTRALIA || NEW ZEALAND || OCEANIA 


Directory 

AUSTRALIA || NEW 

ZEALAND || OCEANIA 

AUSTRALIA 

INDONESIA 

NEW ZEALAND 

AUSTRALIA 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/ausnzoce.html (1 of 5) [5/3/2004 9:39:22 PM] 

NAME/LOCATION: Leo Harris, Helensburgh, New 

South Wales, Australia 

E-MAIL: leoha@forest.bu.aust.com 



COMMENTS: I have been growing mushrooms 

commercially for 15 years and have experience in 

growing both Agaricus and Pleurotus. Now I only grow 

Pleurotus and I am interested in their cultivation 

primarily, although I am interested to learn how to grow 

other specialty mushrooms. 5/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Richard Kossenberg, Sydney, 

New South Wales, Australia 

E-MAIL: Richard@ig.com.au 



COMMENTS: Accidentally found some information 

about mushrooms on the Web while I was looking for 

something else, became interested, looked for more 

information and here I am. Would like to grow some of 

the "exotic" mushrooms as they are not readily available 

here. 

NAME/LOCATION: James Thirkell, Lismore, 

Australia


E-MAIL: cthirk10@scu.edu.au 



COMMENTS: I am an amateur mycologist who has 

cultivated several species on a hobby level. I now wish to 

start a small cottage industry growing shiitake, reishii, 

morels, truffles, etc. I would like to hear from anyone 

(especially Australians) who can offer any advice, 

discussion or warnings. I also need to find spores or 

cultures of the above or related species. I would 

especially like to hear from anyone with experience with 

fungi in permaculture/organics/biodynamics. 

INDONESIA 


NAME/LOCATION: Atamimi, Jakarta, Indonesia 

E-MAIL: atamimi@ibm.net 



COMMENTS: I produce Volvaria volvaceae and I am 

interested in developing more efficient cultivation 

techniques. 

NAME/LOCATION: Rudy Hudin, Jakarta- 11430, 

Jakarta, Indonesia 

E-MAIL: hudin@cbn.net.id 



COMMENTS: I am 33 years old, and few months ago we 

started to grow shiitake mushrooms on East Java Island 

(Indonesia). Now we can supply around 1 ton of fresh 

mushrooms per week. So I am looking to get the potential 

buyers all over the world. Could you help me to do this. 

Thank you in advance. 12/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Lewis W. Robinson, Jakarta, 

Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia 

E-MAIL: lwrobin@rad.net.id 



COMMENTS: As and American expat living in 

Indonesia, we have started in the cultivation of 

mushrooms on paddy straw and enjoy the information 

from the web site that help us in getting information and





what other people are doing. 18 Jan. 1998 

NAME/LOCATION: Omri Samosir, Jakarta, 

Indonesia 

E-MAIL: omri55@hotmail.com 



COMMENTS: Interest in improving harvest productivity, 

and post harvesting technology 2/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Imam Santoso, Surabaya, 

Indonesia 

E-MAIL: agromas@radnet.id 



(Cultivation) 

COMMENTS: I am a commercial grower of paddy straw 

mushroom (volvariella volvacea) in Indonesia, we are 

harvesting 12 tons of fresh mushrooms/day. I would like 

to look for new cultures for paddy straw mushroom that I 

can develop in our farm. Any commercial spawn maker or 

private collector culture collection please inform if 

anyone interested on my fax (62-31)534-4471 or via 

e-mail. 

NAME/LOCATION: Nugroho Setiabudi, Jakarta, 

Indonesia 

E-MAIL: nugroho.setiabudi@sciatl.com 



COMMENTS: We are interested in growing Shiitake 

mushrooms commercially. At this point, we are still 

collecting all the important data to be Shiitake growers. 

We hope, by networking, to get more important 

information. 4/99 

NEW ZEALAND 


NAME/LOCATION: Peter Belt, Auckland, New 

Zealand 

E-MAIL: peterb@ww.co.nz 



COMMENTS: As a photographer I have been charmed






by mushrooms for many years. More recently I have 

decided to create an on-line field guide for New Zealand 

Fungi at http://PLUG.co.nz/mush/ 10/98 

NAME/LOCATION: Mrs Lee McHale, Northland, 

New Zealand 

E-MAIL: leemac@xtra.co.nz 



COMMENTS: I grow Oyster Mushrooms as a small 

cottage industry. I have been developing this for the last 

18 months. Also I have planted some logs with Shiitaki 

spawn. Eventually I hope to set up a viable commercial 

mushroom farm. 11/99 

NAME/LOCATION: Shannan Mortimer, Auckland, 

New Zealand 

E-MAIL: shannan@pinn.gen.nz 



COMMENTS: interests in collecting unusual specimens 

for ID /medicinal information: i.e. ethnomycological 

research and keeping abreast of developments in the 

literature. Academically my intended focus will be 

ecological biochemistry with special interest in 

ectomycorrhyizal/mammal interaction and the chemistry 

of fungal plant interaction. At present I am a botany 

undergrad at a university not offering further studies in 

mycology so experience is limited to amateur taxonomic 

forays, and literature review. My greatest interest is 

finding suitible routes for further study and connecting 

with a supervisor. 

NAME/LOCATION: Clive Shirley, Auckland, New 

Zealand 

E-MAIL: clives@ihug.co.nz 



COMMENTS: I have always been fascinated with fungi 

particularly with their diversity. I have now been 

photographing them off and on now for 10 years. Many 

can be seen on my web site: http://fungi.co.nz/forest/ 1/99





is part of 



"Qualified Expert Mycologist"...? 

What does that mean? 

For the purposes of the Mushroomers Online! directory, the "qualified expert mycologist" 

category is intended to assist mushroomers in finding and accessing mycologists whose answers 

can be trusted with an extraordinary degree of confidence. A "qualified expert mycologist" might 

be defined as one with formal university training in mycology or outside study to attain a 

comparable level of knowledge. Unless stated otherwise, it is presumed that an expert's expertise 

includes taxonomy. An expert taxonomist might be considered as one with sufficient knowledge 

and resources to serve as an taxonomic consultant for a poison control center or government 

agency. If the expertise is not on mushroom taxonomy, that should be stated clearly in the 

"Comments" section of the registration form. 

To keep this simple: If you have not published mycological research papers, submit 

references---names and contact information (e-mail addresses, please!) for two or three people 

who have published mycological research papers. 

--Dave Fischer 

Return to the Registration Page 

This website is maintained as a public service by David W. Fischer, whose e-mail address is 

Basidium@aol.com Last updated on 24 January 1997 

http://members.aol.com/basidium/expert.html [5/3/2004 9:39:22 PM]

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