Friesia IV, 3

NORDISK MYKOLOGISK TIDSSKRIFT 

BIND IV 

KØBENHAVN 1951 

HEFTE 3

INDHOLD 

Side 

F. H. Møller: Danish Psalliota Species. Preliminary Studies for 

a Monograph on the Danish Psalliotae. Part II 135 

Notitser 221 

Meddelelser fra Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme 

(1950) 222 

REDAKTION: 

N. F.BUCHWALD F.H.MØLLER 

* 

Udgivet af Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme 

Rolighedsvej 23, København V. 

Trykningen afsluttet Januar 1952. 

Udgivet af Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme 

PDF scanning and OCR by the Danish Rolighedsvej Mycological 23, Society København 2010 - V. www.svampe.com 

Trykningen afsluttet Januar 1952.

DANISH PSALLIOTA SPECIES 

Preliminary Studies for a Monograph 

on the Danish Psalliotae 

Part II.*) 

By F. H. MØLLER 

B. FLAVESCENTES 

KEY TO GRO UPS 

1. Majores Fr. p. p. Ring well developed, with squamose underside. 

Medium-sized to large species (pileus 5-25 cm broad) . Spores 

most frequently middle-sized to large. With marginal cystidia. 

a. Spores uP .to 9 f-l long. Pellicle becoming deep yellow on frietion. 

a. Flesh with distinct almond- or anise-smell, Spores 5-9f-l 

long. Schåffer re action positive. 

VI. The Augusta group. Pileus with fine, more or less 

sparse, brown scales on a pale ground. Underside 

of ring areolately squamose. Marginal cystidia in 

chains, bladder-shaped to cylindrical. Large species 

in woods or parks Type P . augusta. 

VII. The Arvensis group. Pileus white or yellow, smooth 

or with almost concolorous scales. Underside of ring 

often with more or less distinct cog-wheel. Marginal 

cystidia not in chains. Medium-sized species from 

pastures, gardens or woods Type P. arvensis. 

* ) Part I, see Friesia 4: 1-60. 1950. 

- 135 -

- 136- 

(J. Flesh not smelling of almonds, often with a faint smell of 

ink or carbolic. Schåff'er re action negative. Spores small, 

4-6X3-4p. 

VIII. The Xanthoderma group. Pileus white, brown, or 

dark grey, often squamose. Underside of ring as a 

rule with coarse scales along the edge. Marginal 

cystida balloon-pearshaped. Medium-sized species in 

gardens, parks, or woods Type P. »omthoderma. 

b. Spores large (mostly c. 9-12 X 5-7J1). Pellicle becoming less 

yellow on friction. 

IX. The Macrospora group. Pileus white or yellow with 

concolorous or yellow scales. Underside of ring 

areolately squamose. Flesh thick, somewhat rufescent 

when broken, often with a transient slight 

smell of almonds, then with a disagreeable smell 

(urine, mouldy straw, and the like). Schåffer reaction 

capricious. Large, compact species in pastures 

or woods Type P. macrospora. 

2. Minores Fr. Ring slightly developed: small, thin, without a scaly 

underside, simple. Small species (pileus usually 3-5 cm broad) . 

Spores small (4-6p long). With marginal cystidia (see, however, 

P. comtula). 

X. The Semota group. Pileus white, yellow, or lilac, 

often squamose. Ring simple. Flesh thin, smelling 

of almonds. Schåffer reaction positive. Small species, 

often in woods Type P. sernota . 

N o t e. The rather small P. silvicola whose spores are small (5-6 X 

3--4 fl) and often with only slight remnants of the veil on the underside 

of the ring, belongs to the A r v ensis qrowp, while the often just as la rge 

P . purpuraecens, owing to the slightly developed, simple ring and other 

characters, has its natural pl ace in the Semot a group. 

1. MAJORES FR. p. p. 

VI. TUE AUGUSTA GROUP 

Large, slender species. Pileus beautifully brown-squamose on a 

white or yellow ground. Gills somewhat narrow, paIe or flesh-colour,

Io . 

- 137 - 

1f. 

F ig. 15. Spor es (1000 :1 ) and cystidia (500: 1) of: 1-3. PsaZliot a augusta 

(3 different finds ) . 4. P . silvicola. 5. P . tenuivolvata. 6. P . abruptibulba. 

7. P . m acrocarpa . 8. P. nivescens. 9. P . nivescens v. parleeneis. 10 . P. leuco - 

tricha . 11 . P. arvensis. 12. P . iissurata. 

Gill edge sterile, light-coloured. Ring sheathed above, areolately 

sq uamose on underside. F'lesh white, often faintly yellowish red in 

stem, smelling of almonds. Marginal cystidia bladder-shaped to cylindrical, 

forming chains. Spores ovate, medium-sized, Sch åffer re 

acti on positive. In woods or parks.

- 138 

Fig. 16. Spores (1000:1) and cystidia (500:1) of : 1. Psalliota æasithoderma. 

2. P. phaeolepidota. 3. P. m eleaqris (from Potsdam 1937). 4. P. m eleagris 

v. obscurata. 5. P. straminea. 6.-7. P. exee llene (2 different finds with 

varying cystidia) . 8.-9. P. macrospora (2 different finds ) . 

Psalliota augusta Fn. 

Fig. 20. Plates XXII-XXV. 

F r i e s, Epicr., p. 212, 1836. 

Syn.: Agaricus (Psalliota) perrarus Schulz., Verh. .zool.-bot. Ges . 

Wien 29, p.493, 1879. 

Bresadolae Schulz., Hedw. 24, p. 135, 1885 (nom. 

nud.) ; Saccardo, Sylt Fung. V, p.1005, 1887; non 

P. Bresadolae sensu Baar 1937 (see under P. ma 

crospora).

- 139- 

Psalliota praenitens Beck, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, p.611, 

t. 15, fig. 9, '1889. 

Agaricus peronatus Mass., Eur. Fung. Fl., p. 204, 1902. 

Psalliota perrara Schulz. sensu Ricken, Blåtterp., p. 235, 1912; 

sensu Lange, Studies VI, p. 5, 1926. 

suoruiescene (Peck) sensu Lange, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, 

p.55,1939. 

Icon.: F r i e s, Syer. atl. och gift. Svamp., t. 38, 1860-1866. 

K o n r a d & M a u b l a n c, Icon. sel. Fung., t.27, 1926. 

L a n g e, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, t. 135 B and t. 136 B 1939 (sub. nom. 

P. subrufescens) . 

P i l e u s 10-20 cm, at first almost globate or with obtuse apex 

(cubiform), then flatly campanulately expanded, as a rule with flattened, 

sometimes umbonate centre, when quite small everywhere 

dull brownish or tawny ("Cinnamon-Brown" to "Cinnamon") , sometimes 

with pale flocci from a universal veil; the pellicle, however, 

soon breaks up into dense, more or less brown to tawny fibrillose 

scales or fibrils, or into sparse, often concentricaI, broader scales, 

the centre in all cases remaining entire, forming a dark, 3-4 cm 

broad, concolorous surface, surrounded by the often neatly arranged 

scales on a whitish or straw-coloured ground. On frietion the ground 

however becomes shot with a deeper yellow ("Apricot Yellow") as 

indeed the rest of the fruit body also. G i Il s free, crowded, narrow 

or somewhat narrow, at first paIe but immediately after the rupture 

of the ring more or les s flesh-colour ("PaIe Pinkish Buff" to "Congo 

Pink"), finally blackish brown. Edge sterile, paIe. S t e m more or 

less slender, 10-20 cm X20-30 mm, usually thicker downwards 

where the base is deeply imbedded in needles or leaves and is sometimes 

provided with a rooting mycelial strand, 2-3 mm thick; rarely 

cylindrical, pithy, later fistulose or more hollow even when young, 

and then filled with a cobweb-like loose tissue, white, often faintly 

rosy above the ring, particularly if the gills are a vivid red, when 

touched dark yellow in spots ("Apricot Yellow"), when older tinged 

with yellow, always naked and shining above the ring, below the ring 

towards the base white flocculose-squamose, often naked upwards towards 

the ring, but also frequently, especiaIly when young, clad with 

belts of more or less coarse, and often outward curved, white, later 

tawny scales. R i n g sheathed above, white, then tinged with yellow 

("Straw Yellow"), thin, lax, often ruptured, broad, plicate, placed

- 140 - 

high, smoot h above, the underside d entate along the t hickened edge 

and inwards a re olate-squamose with white or later slightly t awny 

scales. F l e s h thin, white, with age mo r e or less fl esh-colo ur ed rube 

scent ("Pinkish Buff") in the bas e of t he stem and outer layers. 

S m e Il pl easant, almond-like . S c h a f f e r r e a c t i o n positive. 

S p o r e p o w d e r brownish black, "Bone Brown" ("Anilin Bl ac k") ; 

L. c. 3 (c. 2); S.117 (116) . 

S p o r e s oval-ovate, with one or sever al guttae, 7-8(-9) X 

4.5-5(-6)p. B asidia 4-spored, clavate, 20-36 X7-10(-11)p. 

S t e r i g m a t a 2- 4 p long. M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a : t he edge 

densely beset with a broad border of hyaline, finally brown, sphe rical, 

oval, ovate, cylindrical or obtusely conical cells, in chains, and 

t herefore often very protuberant, the outermost cell as a rule 

attenuat ed upwards, all easily deciduous, the links of the chain 

being loosely connected, so that the edg e should be studied in young 

fruit bo dies in the microscopical examination. The size of the cells 

varies greatly: 6-30(-50) X 4-18p. 

Gregarious, particularly in old Picea plantations, often in parks, 

but al so under deciduous trees (Quercus ) Friuxinus , Ulmus, A esculue) 

and Taxus. Widely dispersed, but not quite common. August-October. 

Falster: Halderup Skov; Korselitze-Skovene; Lindeskoven near 

Nykøbing; Systofte Skov; Nykøbing Vesterskov. - F yn : Near Arup, 

Ravnholt, and Hunderup (J. E. Lange); Bøllevænge near Nyborg ; 

Juelsberg Skov. - J ylland: Hjarup (Poul Larsen). - Lolland: 

Flintinge Byskov; Frejlev Skov; Fuglsang Storskov; Gr ænge Skov; 

Hestekobbel near Fuglsang; Høvænge-Skoven near Nysted; Knuthenborg 

Park; Krenkerup Park (L i n d h. H a n s e n); Lysemose (S e v. 

Petersen); Nybøllelunde Skov; Nørrerod Skov; Stryhnskoven 

near Vesterborg (H. Westergaard); Sæbyholm Skov; Søllestedgårds 

Skov. - Sjælland: Hjortenæs Skov (Sev. P etersen); Jægersborg 

Dyrehave (J. P . J e n s e n); Copenhagen: Sønderrnarken 

(M. Lan ge, 0. Winge). 

In colour as well as in the covering with scales on the pileus and 

stem and in the colour of the gills P. aiunista varies greatly, so that 

in the course of time independent species have been er ected from 

its forms, thus in Europe P. perrara Schulz., P. praenitens Beck, and 

P. peronata (Mass.) , a circumstance which, however, is also due to 

the fact that it has been misinterpreted, particularly in Central 

Europe, where F r i e s's above-cited plate has not been known, nor 

his good description in Monogr. I, p. 403.

- 142 

Fig. 18. Agaricus subrufescens Peck. 

Sketch executed after P e c k's coloured figures (1:2). 

1948). Incidentally, B e c k, like R i c k e n, interpreted P. augu.sta 

erroneously, namely as large-spored, as may be seen in his survey 

of mushrooms growing in woods (Zur Kenntnis der Waldegertlinge, 

Pilz- und Kråuterf.r.fi, p.43, 1921), in which, besides P. augusta Fr. 

sensu Ricken, he describes P. praenitens with even more eharaeters 

in eommon with the genuine P. augusta than was the case in his 

original diagnosis. 

M a u b l a n c, P i l at, and others also unite P. perrara with 

P. ouousta, but Alexander H. Smith maintains P. perrara

- 143 - 

Fig. 19. Agaricus ( P salliot a) praenitens Beck. 

Sketch a fter B e c k's black figures (1 :1). 

(Schulz.) sensu Bresadola as an independent species found in California, 

more yellow squamose with yellow mycelium and larger spores 

(sp. 8-10(12) X 4-5(6)1'), and Meinhard Moser (Sydowia, 

Ann. Myc. Ser. 2, IV, p. 115, 1950) mentions the same from Tirol 

(sp. 8-10 X 4-5,ll, while spores of his P. augusta measure 7-9 X 

5.2-61'), but Ka l m å r , Budapest, is inclined to regard (in lit.) 

P. perrara sensu Bres, as a confusion of P. augusta Fr. with P. perrara 

and states that in Hungary the spores of P. perrara are almost 

the same as in the Danish P . auaust«, namely 8-9 X5-61'. K a 1m 

ar, who does not know P. augusta Fr. from Hungary, regards 

P. perrara as a southern form or variety of P. augusta) growing 

under deciduous trees (Quercus)) and writes in his letters that it 

resembles p'. sub rufescens sensu Lange, and that Konr. & Maubl., 

t.27 (P. au gusta) and Schweiz.-Pilzt. I, t.27, 1947, represent P. perrara. 

P. elv ensis B. et Br., which is often stated to be closely related 

to P. au.queta; does not belong here, as it is merely a drought form 

of P. v apor aria (Vitt.) , since practically all other characters than 

the curved scales of the pileus agree with that species. B o u d i e r's 

careful description and figure (Icon, Myc. IV, p. 67, t. 134, 1905 -

- 144 - 

1910), to whieh R e a refers, fully shows this, and P e a r s o n , with 

whom the author has eommunieated on the subject of finds of 

P. elvensis in England, has approved this interpretation (in. lit.) . 

C o o k e, lllustr. t.522, no.539 (P. Elvensis Berk1.) also represents 

P. »aporaria (Vitt.), while P. Elvensis sensu W. G. Smith, Field and 

Cult. Mushrooms, fig. 9, and P . villatica sensu W. G. Smith, fig. 12 , 

must be interpreted as P. subperonata Lange. Agaricus giganteus 

Sehaeff., Icon., t . 84, previously interpreted as Pholiota caperatti, is 

a ringless P. augusta Fr. 

Henee it must be emphasized that P. augusta Fr. both oeeurs 

under Picea and Ttuxus , with whieh trees it probably fo rms myeor- 

Fig. 20. Psalliota augusta Fr. 

Photograph from nature (1:2) . The black fibres at the base af the stipes 

are mycorrhiza from Picea Abies. 

rhiza (see fig. 20), and under Quercus) Ulmue, Aesculus, and Fraxinus; 

that it often has bright red gills, a faet whieh many myeologists 

do not se em to have notieed (see, however, A l e x a n de r H. S m i t h, 

1.c.) ; and that the stem is more Ol' less hollow, at any rate when 

full-grown. The seales of the eap may be almost as delicate as hairs 

and yellow, Ol' broad and dark brown, owing to whieh the eap may 

have almost the same appearance as in Lepiota procera - sueh a 

form seems to be presented as P. perrara by F e r d i n a n cls e n & 

W i n g e in Mykologisk Ekskursionsflora, pp. 316-317, 1943, whieh

- 145- 

the finder, ø. W i n g e, however, seems inclined to regard as an 

independent, perhaps new, species. 

From M e i n h a r d M o s e r I have received a watercolour of a 

form, quite white with faintly yellow scales on the capo The same 

form was found by the present writer in 1950 in Søllestedgård Skov. 

It greatly resembles P. exeellens but has not the large spores of the 

latter. 

VII. TUE ARVENSIS GROUP 

Medium-sized to large species. Pileus white or yellow, smooth or 

with concolorous scales. Gills narrow, pale or flesh colour. Gill edge 

sterile, pale. Stem often slender and hollow. Ring sheathed above, 

on the underside with cog-wheel or dentate edge. Flesh white, or in 

the stem slightly flesh-coloured. Smell almond- or anise-like. Marginal 

cystidia subglobate, rarely clavate to bottle-shaped. Spores 

ellipsoid. Schåffer reaction positive, strong. In woods, gardens, fields 

or meadows. Compare the Xanthoderma gr oup. 

KEY TO SPECIES 

Stem slender with abruptly swollen, bulbous base, which 

is often more or less marginate or flattened. Pileus naked, 

rarely cracking into scales. In woods, mostly on needles ... 

Stem clavately swollen towards base or almost cylindrical. 

Rarely in dense wood. Only one species on needles . 

Spores 5-6l1 long. Base of stem .mor e or less globate. 

Deciduous woods or coniferous woods . 

Spores longer (6-8 X4-511). Base of stem marginate-bulbous. 

Under Picea . 

Small, thin-fleshed species. Ring with or without obsolete 

cog-wheel, Pileus 5-8 cm, white or sulphur-colour, turning 

dark yellow on the slightest pressure. Stem thin. Spores 

5-6 X 3-411. In deciduous and coniferous woods . 

3. 1. P. siZvieoZa 

Large, thick-fleshed species. Ring with marked cog-wheel. 

Pileus 8-12 cm, white or sulphur-coloured, turning less 

yellow on pressure. Stem thick. Spores 5-6.5 X4-511. In 

woods under Pie ea 2. P. tenuivoZvata 

F R IES I A IV 

10 

2 

5 

3 

4

4. 

5. 

6. 

-146 - 

Pileus 8-12 cm, white. Stem at base markedly marginatebulbous 

or flattened. Marginal cystidia globose-balloonshaped 

3. P. abruptibulba 

Pileus 10-15 cm, white. Base of stem with marginate or 

somewhat rounded bulb. Marginal cystidia globose-balloon-shaped 

to bottle-shaped 4. P. macrocarpa 

Spores roundish, c. 5-6 X 4-4.51-'. Pileus and stem white, 

merely turning faintly yellow with age. Stem subcylindrical 6 

Spores elongate. c. 7-8 X 4.5-51-'. Pileus white, alutaceous 

or ochre with age, and often more or less cracking into 

scales. Stem clavate downwards 7 

Pileus 10-15 cm. Stem very short, as a rule stuffed-pithy. 

Flesh thick, white or faintly yellow with age. In fairy rings 

in pastures or in groves and gardens ...... 5. P. nivescens 

Pileus 5-10 cm. Stem at least as tall as the pileus is broad, 

hollow. Flesh thin. In parks and groves .. 

5 a. P. nivescens var. parkensis 

Pileus 8-12 cm, densely clad with white, matted hairs and 

often also with white, erect, pointed squamules. In woods, 

especially under Pieea 6. P. leucotricha 

Pileus naked or when young subfloccose. Amongst grass ... 

Pileus 8-15 cm. Stem slender (8-10 cm in height), smooth. 

Ring with well-developed cog-wheel or rather coarsely dentate 

on the underside. In meadows, in gardens under trees, 

occasionally in light woods. :now and then on chaff or on 

8. turf-piles 7. P. arvensis 

Pileus 5-10 cm, often radially cracking into scales. Stem 

5-8 cm high, frequently granulose-squamose just under 

the ring. Ring with numerous small teeth at the edge. In 

meadows near the shore................ ........ 8. P. fissurata K 

1. Psalliota silvicola (VITT.) FR. 

Fig. 21. Plate XXVI. 

Fries, Epicr., p. 213,1836 (sub. nom. P. campestris var. silvicola). 

Syn. : Agaricus campestris var. silvicola Vittadini, Fung. mango 

d'Ital., p. 43, 1835. 

8

- 147- 

PrateIla [uioescens Gillet, Champ., p. 564, 1878, t. 576 (384), 

1878-1890. 

Agaricus siZvicola (Vitt.) sensu Peck, N. Y. State Mus., Mern. 4, 

p. 164, 1900. 

PsaZliota siZvicoZa (Vitt.) sensu Ricken, Vademecum, p. 144, 

1920. 

PsaZZiota siZvicola (Vitt.) sensu Rydberg : I n g e l s t ro m, 

Svampbok, p. 101, 1940. 

leon.: V i t t a d i n i, Fung. mango d'Ital., t. VII, figs. 7-9, 1835. 

P e c k, N. Y. State Mus., Mern. 4, t.59, figs.1-7, 1900. 

H a n s W a l t y, Schweizer-Pilztafeln II, t. 34, 1944. 

P i l e u s 5-8 cm, ovate, sometimes obtuse above, then expanded 

and often with flattened centre, shining, white, but soon turning 

sulphur-coloured ("Sulphur Yellow"), on slight pressure becoming 

dark lemon yellow spotted (dark "Lemon Chrome", "Apricot Yellow"), 

naked. G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, long pale, then only faintly 

red ("PaIe Pinkish Buff") before beginning to turn dark, finally 

blackish brown. Edge sterile, paIe. S t e m thin, 6-8 cm X 10-15 mm, 

subcylindrical but always with a slightly marginate or rounded, 

abruptly swollen, bulbous base, to which fairly stout mycelial strands 

are attached, hollow, white, sometimes reddish above the ring where 

later it turns black, otherwise like the cap shot with a deep lemon 

yellow when touched; silky, naked. R i n g sheathed above, white 

or yellowish, thin, fairly broad, obliquely pendulous, placed high, 

smooth above, on the underside at the edge frequently with few thin, 

white or yellow scales, but occasionally quite naked. F l e s h thin, 

white or faintly reddish, particularly in the stem ("PaIe Pinkish 

Buff"). Smelling of anise. Schaffer reaction positive. 

Spore powder dark brown ("Mummy Brown"; L. g.8; S. 701). 

S p o r e s ovate, frequently with 1-2 guttae, 5-6 X 3-4p. B asidia 

4-spored, clavate, 20-24 X 5-7(-8)p. Sterigmata 2p 

long. M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i å numerous, oval or globose-balloonshaped, 

hyaline, 10-20 X 7-20p . 

In small groups of 2-3 fruit bodies, growing in light .woods of 

Fagus or Picea. Here and there. August-October. 

Falster: Søndre Kohave near Nykøbing; Korselitze-Skovene. 

Fyn: Bøllevænge near Nyborg. - Jylland: Frøslev Plantage. - Lolland: 

Flintinge Byskov; Fuglsang Storskov; Maltrup Skov. - Sjæl- 

10*

- 148 - 

land: Glænø Skov; Marienlyst Skav near Vordingborg; Vintersbølle 

Skov. 

P. silvicola is here taken in a narrower sense than has previously 

been the case in Denmark and in many other places. See further 

fig. 21 and the notes on P. abruptibulba. It differs from the latter, 

Fig. 21. Agaricus ca mpestris var. silvicola Vitt. 

Sketch executed after V i t t a d i n i's coloured figures (1:1). Miss E. M. 

W a k e f i e l d writes (in lit.): "The figures are of a very young, unexpa 

nde d specimen, in which the stem might be solid" . 

which is very closely related to it , in being smaller, in a more rounded, 

bulbous base, in the cog-wheel on the underside of the ring being 

slightly developed or absent, and in smaller spores. Further, it is 

more sensitive to pressure. Merely by lying in a .basket together 

with P. abruptibulba the difference shows, as it is found to be much 

spotted with yellow both on the cap and stem upon arrival at its 

destination, while the fruit bo dies of P. abruptibulba only become 

dark yellow upon more rough treatment. P. silvicola is distinguishable 

from the slender forest species of the Campestris group (especiaIly 

P. aestivalis var. flavotacta) by its pale gills as well as by the 

marginal cystidia and the small spores. Compare also P. tenuivoloata. 

P. x ant hoder m a resembles both P. silvicol a and P. abruptibulba, 

but is especiaIly recognisable by its negative Schåff'er reaction and 

the ab sence of any almond or anise smell.

- 149- 

2. Psalliota tenuivolvata sp. n. 

Fig. 22. 

D i a g n o s i s. Pileus 8-12 cm, e conico-campanulato vel hemisphaerico 

expansus, medio saepe applanato, sericeo-nitens, albus vel 

sulphureo-tinctus, vulneratus luteo-maculatus, prope marginem initio 

late floccoso-squamosus, squamis sat latis, albis, adnatis. LamelIae 

liberae, confertae, subangustae, e pallidis dilute incarnatae, denique 

fuscae, acie sterili, pallida. Stipes validus, 10-13 cm X 25-30 mm, 

cylindricus, basi rotundato-tuberculata, usque ad 40 mm crassa, cavus, 

medulla floccosa impletus, albus, postremo lutescens, vulneratus 

luteo-maculatus, nitens, initio supra tuberculam squamis veli paucis, 

albis obsitus. Annulus superus, albus, subtenuis, latus, reflexus, 

supra levis, infra squamis in orbem locatis, crassis, albis, tandem 

lutescentibus ornatus. Caro subcrassa, alba, postremo in basi stipitis 

lutescens, odore amygdalino. 

Fig. 22. Psalliota t enuivolvata. 

Figures drawn from nature (2:3). 1. From Odinsalakår . 2.-3 . F rom 

År esk ut a n in .Iåmteland.

- 150 

Sporae acervatim fuscae, late ovatae, 1-(2)-gut t ulat ae, 5-6.5 X 

4-5p . Basidia 4-sterigmatica, clavata, 26-30 X 8-9p. Sterigmata 

3-4p longa. Cystidia aciei lamellarum numerosa, ovalia, saepe ampullacea, 

hyalina, 9-11p lata. 

Gregaria in silvis coniferis Sueciae. Julio. 

Differt a P. macrocarpa et P. abruptibulba sporis minoribus, a 

P. silvicola annulo crassiore, statura maiore, et a P. nicescens habitatione 

in silvis abiegnis, stipite elatiore etc.. 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 8-12 cm, at first conico-campanulate 

or semiglobate and then with slightly flattened centre, later expanded, 

flatly convex, silky, white or with a sulphur-yellow tinge, when 

bruised bright yellow ("Apricot Yellow"), when young with white, 

rather broad, floccose Beales towards the edge, from the partial veil. 

The margin of the cap, when expanded, with dentate seam. G i Il s 

free, crowded, rather narrow, pale, later paIe flesh colour ("PaIe 

Pinkish Buff") , finally dark. Edge sterile, paIe. S t e m stout, 10 

13 cm X 25-30 mm, cylindricai with distinetly roundish, bulbous base 

(up to 40 mm thiek), hollow with cobweb-like pith, white, with age 

shot with yellow downwards, when bruised dark yellow-spotted like 

the cap, shining, at first with coarse velum seales just above the 

base. R i n g sheathed above, white, rather thin, broad, obliquely 

pendulous, placed above the middle of stem, smooth above, on the 

underside with a circle of coarse, finally slightly yellow scales. 

F l e s h fairly thick, white, finally, in old individuals, yellowish at 

the base of the stem. .s m e Il somewhat like almonds. S c h af f e r 

r e a c t i o n positive. S p o r e p o w d e r blackish brown. 

S p o r e s shortly ovoid, 1 (or 2) -guttulate, 5-6.5 X 4-5p. B a 

s i d i a 4-spored, clavate, 26-30 X 8-9p with 'S t e r i g m a t a 3 

4p long. M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, oval to bottle-shaped, 

hyaline, 9-11p broad, 

In small groups under Picea, July 1950. Not in Denmark but in 

Jåmteland (Sweden) in the Odinsalakår near ostersund: at Are on 

Areskutan (found twice here by M. Lange). 

The above-mentioned species is evidently closely allied to P. macrocarpa 

and P. abruptibulba) but it has spores like those of P. nivescens) 

which, however, differsf'rom it by the shorter, as a rule 

massive, stem and its occurrence in pastures or gardens, never in 

coniferous woods. P. nioescens var. parkensis and P. silvicola are

- 151 - 

much smaller fungi. When young it bears a passing resemblance t o 

Amanita citrina, fairly solid remnants of a membranous universal 

veil being then seen on the cap and stem. 

It is not inconceivable that it mi ght be found in Denmark, hence 

it is included in this survey. 

3. Psalliota abruptibulba ( P ECI{) KAUFFM . 

F ig . 23 . P late XXVII. 

K a u f f m a n, The Agaricaceae of Michigan, p. 237, 1918. 

Syn. : A garicus abruptibulbus P eck, N. Y. Stat e Mus., Bull. 94, p. 35, 

1905. 

siloicola (Vitt.)sensu Peck, N. Y. State Mus., Rept . 

46, p. 135 , 1893. 

arvensis (Schff.) Fr. v. abrwptus Pec k, N. Y. State 

Mus., Rept. 48, p.239, 1895. 

abruptus Peck, N.Y. State Mus., Mern. 4, p.163, 1900. 

Psalliota arvensis (Schff.) Fr. sensu Ricken p. p., Blåtterp., 

p.236, 1912 ; Vademecum, p.144, 1920. 

arvensie (Schff.) Fr. v. silvicola (Vitt.) sensu Lange, 

Studies VI, p. 7, 1926. 

silvicola (Vitt.) Fr. sensu Lange, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, 

p.57, 1939. 

abruptibulba (Peck) Kauffm. sensu Rydberg : I n 

g e l s t r om, Svampbok, p. 101, 1940. 

Icon.: K r o m b h o l z, Abbild., t. 23, figs. 11-12, 1836 (sub. nom. 

Ag. edulis BuH.). 

Peck, N.Y. State Mus., Mern. 4, t.59, figs.8-14, 1900 (sub 

nom. Ag. abruptus). 

L a n g e, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, t. 138 B, 1939 (sub nom. P. silvicola) . 

H a n s Wa l t y, Schweizer-Pilztafeln I, t. 28, 1947 (sub nom. 

P. arvensis). 

F. H. M ø Il e r, Den nye Svampebeg. fig. 122, 1947 (sub nom. 

P . silvicola). 

P i l e u s 8-12 cm, ovate-campanulate, finally expanded with slight 

umbo, .usually without flattened centre, silky, beautifully white, when 

bruised dark lemon yellow-spotted as in P. silvicola) naked or floceose-squamulose 

t owards the margin. G i II s free, cr owded, narrow,

- 152 - 

long pale, then gr eyish flesh-coloured ("PaIe Grayish Vinaceous"), 

finally blackish brown. Edge sterile, paIe. S t e m slender and frequently 

ascendant, 10-12 cm X 10-20 mm, either cylindrical or a 

little thicker towards a broad, marginate-bulbous base, 20-30 mm 

broad, often flat underneath and obliquely developed (see the cited 

figures of K r o m b h o l z) , hollow, white, often slightly reddish at 

a pex, but there finally turning black with age, shining, naked, or 

with light, floccose squamules below. R i n g sheathed above, white, 

thin, broad, often plicate and partly torn, obliquely pendulous, placed 

high, smooth above, on the underside with a circle of angular, white, 

gradually yellowish scales, which may form a cog-wheel wi th t eeth 

cut off straight. F l e s h thin (c. 1 cm thick over the stem) , white 

in the cap, but flesh-coloured in the outer layers of the stem ("PaIe 

Grayish Vinaceous"), smelling of almonds. S c h af f e r r e a c t i o n 

positive. S p o r e p o w d e r dark brown, ("Mummy Brown"; L. g 8; 

S.701). 

S P o r e s ovally ovate, often with 2 guttae, 6-8 X 4-5JÆ. B as 

i d i a 4-spored, clavate, 20-30 X 7-8JÆ . S t e r i g m a t a 2-3JÆ 

long. M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, oval or globose-balloonshaped, 

hyaline, 8-30 X 7-20JÆ. 

In small groups, sometimes with 2-3 fruit bodies united at the 

base, growing in light Picea woods where they are often deeply imbedded 

in old, loose needles. Fairly common. July-November. Found 

by the author in the following localities: 

Falster: Halderup Skov; Hannenov Skov; Lindeskoven ; Systofte 

Skov; Nykøbing Vesterskov. - Fyn : Bøllevænge near Nyborg; wood 

north of Tvinde; Æble Skov at Sulkendrup. - Jylland: Frøslev Plantage. 

- Lolland: Flintinge Byskov; Fuglsang Storskov ; Maltrup 

Skov; Orebygårds Storskov; Ryde Skov; Søllestedgårds Skov. 

Sjælland: Hesede Plantage; Kalby Ris; Ravnsholt Hegn; Rettestrup 

Plantage. 

In nature it may be difficult to distinguish large specimens of 

P. abruptibulba from small individuals of P. macrocarpa which also 

occurs exclusively in Picea woods. Microscopically, however, there is 

a slight difference. The small P . silvicola has a more rounded, bulbous 

base and a thinner ring (see further the Key). 

p e c k gave an excellent description of P. abruptibulba. Thus he 

emphasized the relationship with P. arvensis as regards the ring, and 

the somewhat stylized figures showed its characters so clearly, particularly 

the peculiar form ' (see fi g. 23) of the bulbous base of the

- 153- 

Fig. 23 . Agaricus abruptibulbus P ec lc, 

Sketch exe cut ed after P e c k's coloured figures (1 :2) . 

stem, the very slender stem, the double ring, and the size, that no 

one need doubt about its identity with the above-described species. 

A l e x a n d e r H. S m i t h and several other mycologists in the U.S.A. 

and elsewhere, however, identify P e c k's species with P. silvicola 

(Vitt.). This however, is opposed to F r i e s's view, the latter having 

referred the above-cited figures of K r o ID b h o l z, which plainly represent 

P. abruptibulba} to P. arvensis, and in addition, in accordance 

with V i t t a d i n i's figure of P. siZvicoZa (see fig. 21) describes the 

latter in such a way that there eannot be any question of P. abruptibulba 

("stipite ... subbulboso, annulo simplici, ... lamellis ex albido 

fuscentibus ... Similis A. aroensis, sed annulo etc. distinetus") . 

4. Psalliota macrocarpa sp . n. 

Plate XXVIII. 

Syn.: Psalliota arvensis (Schff.) Fr. sensu Ricken p. p., Blåtterp., 

p. 236-237, 1912.

- 154 

D i a g n o s is. Pileus 10-20 cm, ex ovato vel hemisphae rico expansus, 

medio saepe subumbonato, raro applanato, sericeo-nitens, 

albus, sulphureo-tinctus, denique centro alutaceo, vulneratus luteomaculatus, 

levis, marginem versus tamen distincte flocculoso-squamulosus, 

squamulis adpressis, concoloribus. LameIlae lib erae, confertae, 

angustae, e pallidis incarnatae, demum obscure f uscae, acie ster ili, 

pallida. Stipes elatus, saepe curvatus, 10-18 cm X 25- 35 mm, subcylindricus, 

ad basim bulbosus, bulbo marginato vel rotundato, cavus, 

albus, apice saepe e ro sea cinerescente, nitens, nudus, basim versus 

tamen floccoso-squ amulosus. Annulus superus, albus, sensim ex parte 

sulphureus, subcrassus, latus, reflexus, supra levis, infra squamosus, 

squamis 1 mm crassis, albis vel lutescentibus, saepe r adiatim dispositis. 

Caro tenuis, alba, in stipite plus minusve incarnata, odore 

amygdalino. 

Sporae acervatim fuseae, ovato-ovales, 1-2-guttulatae, (6- ) 7 

8(-10) X 4.5-5(-5.5),u. Basidia 4-sterigmat ica, clavata, 20- 28 

(-40) X7-9(-10),u. Sterigmata 2-3(-4),u longa. Cystidia aciei 

lamellarum numerosa, nunc globoso-vesiculosa, nunc ampullacea, 

hyalina vel fusca, 10-40(-64) X 8- 18 (- 22 ) ,u . 

Subgregaria in silvis abiegnis (Picea) Daniae. Autumno. 

A P. abrwpiibulba, cui valde proxima, fere tantum statura maiore 

et cystidiis fusiformibus distincta. Diff'ert quum a P. silvicola tum 

a P. tenuiooloato. sporis maioribus. 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 10-20 cm, ovate or semi-globate, rarely 

with flattened centre, finally expanded and often slightly umbonate, 

silky, beautifully white, gradually with a sulphur yellow tinge and 

when old with the centre alutaceous ("Tilleul-Buff"), when bruised 

dark yellow in spots (dark "Lemon Chrome"); smooth, towards the 

margin but distinetly floccose-squamose. The margin with a narrow, 

thin, dentate velum fringe as in the preceding species. G i Il s free, 

crowded, narrow, pale, then flesh colour ("PaIe Flesh Color") , 

finally blackish brown. Edge sterile, pale. S t e m high, often bent 

owing to the weight af the cap, 10-18 cm X 25-35 mm, subcylindrical 

but with a bulbous base which is either distinetly marginate or 

rounded, cut off straight below, hollow, white, often beautifully pink 

("PaIe Congo Pink") at the apex, then turning grey; shining, naked, 

but floccose-squamulose towards the base. R i n g sheathed above, 

white, by degrees partly sulphur-coloured ("Sulphur Yellow") , fairly 

thick, broad, obliquely pendulous, placed high, smooth above but

- 155 - 

with eoarse s eales (1 mm t hiek ) on t h e underside, often forming a 

eog-wheel an d as a rule beeoming ye llow. F l e s h thin, white in 

t he eap, at t he apex of t he stem m or e or less flesh eolour ("Pinkish 

Buff") outwards. S m e Il of almonds. S c h af f e r r e a c t i o n posit 

ive. S p o r e p o w d e r dark brown ( "Mummy Brown" ; L . g 8 ; 

S. 701 or darker: "Bone Brown" ; L . c 3; S. 117). 

Sp o r es ovally ovate with 1- 2 gut t ae, (6-)7-8(-10) X 4.5 

5 (-5.5)p. B asidi a 4-spored , clavat e, 20-28 (- 40) X 7-9(-10) p 

with s t e r i g m a t a 2- 3 (-4) p long . M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, 

varying greatly in form and size, globos e-balloon-shaped 

- bottle-shaped, hyaline or brown, 10- 40(-64) X 8-18 (- 22) 11. 

In small gr oups on needles in older, light Pic ea woods ; not outside 

woods. Rather infrequent. September- November . 

Falster: Halderup Skov; Dustrup Kirkeskov ; Ko rselitze-Skovene. 

- Lolland: Flintinge Byskov; Fuglsang Storskov ; R yd e Skov ; Sæbyholm 

Skov. - Sjælland: wood near Harrestedgård. 

R i c k e n says about this species : " Au f gehauf'ten Nadeln entwieklet 

er ( P . arvensis) eine Riesenform (25 cm) mit naektem, hohlem, 

t ypiseh gerandet-knolligem, sehliesslieh schwårzendem Stiel, die vielfaeh 

mit augusta (Fr.) verweehselt wird." Thus R i c k e n thinks 

that it only oeeurs on heaped-up needles and so is a more luxuriant 

form of P. abruptioulba , but it is not the depth of the layer af needles 

whieh eauses the size of the fruit body, nor is it merelyaform, 

though perhaps avariety, of P. abruptibulba. It eannot be confused 

with P. exeeliens (P. ouausta sensu Ricken) and P. tenuivolvata if 

the spores are examined. P.leucotricha has a woolly-tomentose eap 

and is mueh smaller. By the large, bulbous base and the habitat it 

ean be distinguished from P. arvensis. 

Late in the year there oeeur many large spores on larger basidia 

with longer sterigmata than normal (for dimensions see braekets 

above). The marginal eystidia tend to be fusiform or bottle-shaped, 

and the bulbous base is often more rounded, the scales on the ring 

thieker, and the margin of the pileus more floccose-squamose than 

in P. abruptibulba. 

5. Psalliota nivescens sp . n. 

Fig. 24. Plates XVIII b and XXIX. 

Icon.: Cooke, Illustr., t. 523, no. 540,1881-1891 (see fig. 24). 

B e r k e l e y , Outl., t. 10, fig. 4, 1860.

-- 156 - 

D i a g n o s is. Pileus 10-15 cm, hemisphaericus, centro interdum 

applanato, dein expansus, sericeo-nitens, albus velleviter sulphureus, 

tactu flavo-maculatus, nudus vel ambitu flocculosus, interdum ternpestate 

sicco areolato-squamosus. Lamellae liberae, confertae, angustae, 

diu pallidae, dein dilute incarnatae, tandem obscure fuseae, acie 

sterili, pallida. Stipes curtus, 8-10 cm X 35-50 mm, cylindricus, basi 

tamen plerumque attenuata, interdum subfusiformis et cavus, ceterum 

dense medullatus, albus, tactu flavo-maculatus, sericeo-nitens, saepe 

minute furfuraceus, tandem nudus. Annulus superus, albus, 1-2mm 

crassus, margine crassiore, latus, reflexus, supra levis, infra squamosus, 

squamis in orbem locatis, magnis, rotundatis, ex albis ochraceis. 

Caro subcrassa, in medio pilei 2-3 mm crassa, marginem versus 

tenuis, alba, interdum sulphureo-vel f'lavo-maculata, praecipue in 

stipite, odore amygdalino. 

Sporae acervatim fuseae, late ovatae, uniguttulatae, 5-6(- 7) X 

4-4.5(-5)j.l. Basidia 4-sterigmatica, clavata, 20-30 X6-8j.l. Sterigmata 

2-3j.l longa. Cystidia aciei lamellarum numerosa, ovatovesiculosa 

vel late clavata, interdum ampullacea, hyalina, 9-16 

(-30) X 6-12j.l. 

In pascuis et pratis Daniae, saepe circulos magnos formans vel 

gregaria in hortis. Aestate-autumno, 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 10-15 cm, semi-globate, sometimes 

with flattened centre, then expanded, silky, white or slightly sulphurcoloured 

("Sulphur Yellow"), spotted lemon colour ("Lemon Chrome") 

when touched, smooth or slightly flocculose towards the margin, in 

dry weather breaking into scales. The margin with a narrow velum 

fringe. G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, long pale, later pale flesh 

colour ("PaIe Flesh Color", "Flesh Color") at length blaekish 

brown. Edge sterile, light-coloured. S t e m short, 8-10 cm X35 

50 mm, cylindrical, often, however, with narrower base, sometimes 

inflated in the middle and then hollow, as a rule with a dense pith, 

white, but like the cap becoming yellow when touched, silky, often 

with a few loose, concolorous, round, furfuraceous scales, naked 

with age. R i n g sheathed above, white, 1-2 mm thick, edge thickest, 

broad, obliquely pendulous, placed a Tittle above the middle of the 

stem, smooth above, on the underside with a circle of coarse, roundish, 

white, later ochraceous scales. F l e s h fairly thick, 2-3 cm thick 

over the stem, but thin towards the margin of the cap, white, sometimes 

with sulphur-coloured or lemon-coloured spots, mostly in the

- 157 - 

Fig. 24. Agaricus (Psalliota) arvensis sensu Cooke. 

Sketch after C o o k e, Illustr., t. 523, nO.540 (4:5). 

stem. S m e Il like almonds. S c h li.f f e r r e a c t i o n positive. S p 0re 

powder brownish blaek ("Bone Brown"; L. e3; S. 117). 

Spores shortly ovate, l-guttulate, 5-6(-7) X 4- 4.5 (- 5) ,u . 

B a s i d i a 4-spored, clavate, 20-30 X 6-8,u. S t e r i g m a t a 2-3,u 

long. M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, ovate-balloon-shaped to 

shortly clavate, hyaline, 9-16(- 30) X6-12,u.

- 158 - 

In large, vigorous f ai ry ri ngs, killing t he grass in meadows and 

pastures, or gregarious in gardens. Fairly frequent, probably the 

most widely distributed of the wild species in this group. June 

September. 

Falster: Field near Korselitze ; pasture near Skørringegård ; Nykøbing 

cat tl e show ground; gardens in Nykøbing. - Fyn: Meadow 

near Aunslev. - Glænø : Vestfjed. - Lolland: Ålholm Park; Grænge 

on lawn ; Horslunde in meadows; Krenkerup Park; meadow near 

Krunger up ; Li nde ise near Nakskov in meadow; eas t ern side of Rø gbølle 

lake ; Tvedegård near Svinsbjerg in meadow. - Vigsø in Smålandshavet. 

- Sjælland: Hillerød (Julio Grandjean, Rene e 

Desomville). 

This species bears some external resemblance to species of the 

Macrospora group, but when young the flesh is pure white and the 

spores are small. The cap is long pure white, and doe s not acquire 

t he ochre colour that the succeeding more long-spored species of 

the Arv'ensis group soon assumes with age. C o o k e, Illustr., t. 523, 

no. 540, 1881-1891, seems to represent this species, since the flesh 

is white, the stem is smooth and the form and habitat agree excellently. 

K o n r ad referred this figure to P. arvensis (Schff.) Fr. 

and attributed large spores to this species, a view which the author 

does not share. Also, B ,er k e l e y's figure of P. arvensis (Outl., t. 10, 

fig. 4) bears an unmistakable resemblance to P. nicescene. 

Under trees in groves and parks there occurs a variety which 

is smaller and has a slenderer stem. It has the same microscopical 

characters as the type, but is not an inhabitant of pastures and does 

not form fairy rings. 

5a. Psalliota nivescens var. parkensis var. n. 

Fig. 25 . 

D i a g n o s i s. Pileus tantum 5-8 cm latus ; stipes 6-9 cm X 

15 mm, cavus ; lamellae latiores; caro in pileo 10-15 mm lata. 

Sporae 5-6.5(-8) X 4-5(-5.5) p ; basidia 24-28 X 6-7(-8.5) 

p; cystidia aciei lamellarum globosa, ovata velovalia, 10-22 X 

7-12p. 

A typo differt statura graciliore, fere ut P. arvensi sensu restr. 

Gregaria in hortis, nemoribus etc. Daniae. Aestate-autumno.

- 160- 

ochraceus, intricato-lanatus et squamulosus, squamulis erectis, adspersis, 

acut is. Lamellae liberae, confertae, angus tae, diu pallidae, 

dein griseo-incarnatae, denique fuscae , acie sterili, pallida. Stipes 

8-12 cm altus, prope apicem 15-20 mm crassus, deorsum clavatus, 

ibique 30-40 mm crassus, e floccoso-medullato cavus, albus vel cremeus, 

tactu flavo-maculatus ut in pileo, denique sub annulo dilute 

ochraceo-incarnatus, supra annulum sericeo-nitens et nudus, ceterum 

deorsum lanato-squamulosus. Annulus superus, albus, tactu flavomaculatus, 

tenuis, saepe ruptus, latus, reflexus, supra levis, infra 

prope marginem squamosus, squamis numerosis, rotundatis, minoribus, 

albis vel dilute ochraceis. Caro subtenuis, alba, in stipite tandem 

obscure ochracea, odore amygdalino. 

Sporae acervatim fuseae, ovatae, 1-2-guttulatae, (6-)7-8 X 

4.5-5p. Basidia 4-sterigmatica, clavata, 21-32 X8-9(-11) p. Sterigmata 

2-3p longa. Cystidia aciei lamellarum numerosa, rotundata, 

ovalia, vesiculosa vel late clavata, hyalina, 8-32 X 7-20(-26) p. 

Saepe gregaria. In silvis abiegnis Daniae. Autumno. 

Species ob pileum dense araneoso-lanatum facile ab affinibus 

dignoscenda. 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 8-12 cm, ovate or campanulate, then 

expanded, often slightly flattened in the centre, silky, white or straw 

colour ("tStraw Yellow"), on pressure with dark lemon -colou red spots 

("Lemon Chrome"), soon with age turning ochre-coloured all over 

("Yellow Ochre"), densely clad with white, matted hairs and small, 

erect, pointed squamules. The margin with a narrow velum zone. 

G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, long pale, then greyish flesh colour 

("PaIe Grayish Vinaceous"), at length blackish brown. Edge sterile, 

light-coloured. S t e m fairly slender, 8-12 cm high, 15-20 mm 

thick above, downwards gradually clavately swollen and here 30 

40 mm thick; loosely tomentose-pithy, then very hollow, white or 

cream colour ("Cream Yellow"), like the cap with yellow spots when 

touched, becoming pale ochre flesh colour ("Ochre Buff") under the 

ring with age; silky, and quite naked above the ring, but below the 

ring covered like the cap with a tomentose layer in quite young fruit 

bodies (Velum universale). R i n g sheathed above, white, lemon 

colour like the cap when touched, thin, and often torn, broad, pendulous, 

placed high, smooth above, on the underside at the margin 

with numerous round, rather small, white or light ochre-coloured 

scales. (c. 15 in all). F l e s h rather thin, white, ochraceous reddish

- 161- 

("Ochraceous Buff") in t he stem with age. S m e Il of almonds. 

Schaffer reaction positive. Spore powder dark brown. 

Spores ovate, 1-2-guttulate, (6-)7-8 X4.5-5p. Basidia 

4-spored, clavate, 21-32 X8-9(-11)p. Sterigmata 2-3p long. 

M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, round, oval or balloon-shaped 

t o shortly clavate, hyaline, 8-32 X7-20(-26) p . 

In light Picea woods, often gregarious. More rare than P. abruptibulba 

which grows in the same Iocalit.ies. September-October. 

Als : N ørreskov. - Falster: Halderup Skov; Kragel yngen ne ar 

Skørringegård; Lindeskoven near Nykøbing. - Fyn: Bøllevænge 

ne ar Nyborg. - Jylland: Frøslev Plantage. - Lolland : Fuglsang 

Storskov; Maltrup Skov; Nøbbøllegårds Skov near Holeby; Ryde 

Skov. 

In some respects this species r esembles the succeeding one , but 

is best distinguished from it and all other sp ecies of the group by 

its tomentose covering. 

In Schweizer-Pilztafeln II, t . 32, 1944, H . VV a l t Y has a figure 

and description of P. vaporaria Otto which as regards its habitat 

(spruce needles) and external appearance is very like a drought form 

of P. leucotricha, but a tomentose covering of the cap is not mentioned, 

and no spore dimensions are given. The rules of nomenclature, 

however, prohibit the use of W a l t y's name. O t t o de 

scribed his fungus in 1816, but before that time the name vaporarius 

had been used by P e r s o o n (Synopsis, p. 418, 1801) for the dark, 

brown, squamose fungus which was later deseribed by V i t t a d i n i 

and S e c r e t a n, and which V i t t a d i n i also figured under the 

name of P. vaporaria (see Danish Psalliota Species, Friesia IV, p.40 

and fi g. 8, 1950). This was in 1835, the year before K r o m b h o l z 

published his Agaricus vaporarius Otto (Krombh. Abb., p. 16, t. 26, 

fi gs. 14-15, 1836), a species belonging to the A rvensis group and 

no t ve ry different from Wa l t y' s fungus, but which is not t he n 

ent itled to the name P . va poraria. 

7. Psalliota arvensis (SCHAEFF.) F n. sensu res tr. 

F ig . 26. Plate xxx. 

F r i e s, Syst. Mycol. I , p. 282 , 1821; Epicr., p. 213, 1836. 

Syn .: A garicus arvensis Schaeffer, Icon., t.310-311 p.p., 1770. 

Psallioia creiacea Fr. sensu Ricken , Blåtterp ., p.236, 191 2 ; 

non F r. , Quel., Cooke. 

FRIES IA IV 11

- 162- 

Psalliota arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. subsp. exquisita (Vitt.) Møll, 

et Schåff'., Ann. Myc. 36, p. 78, 1938. 

non P. arvensis sensu Ricken, Kauffman, Baar, Hans Walty etc. 

Icon.: F r i e s, Atl. och gift. Svamp., t.4, 1860. 

L a n g e, F1. Ag. Dan. IV, t. 138 A, 1939. 

J . S c h a f f e r: Michael, Flihrer f. Pilzfreunde, no. 55, 1939. 

P i l e u s 7-15 cm, ovate-globate, then expanded, sometimes subumbonate 

or somewhat flattened in the centre, silky, white, upon 

pressure with dark lemon-colour ed ("Lemon Chrome") spots, during 

gr owth turning alutaceous or paIe ochre ("Chamois", "Warm Buff"), 

smooth or near the margin at first white floccose, often breaking 

radially into scales in dry weather, with a fringe of velum along 

the edge. G i Il s free, crowded, .narrow, long pale, then greyish 

flesh-coloured ("PaIe Grayish Vinaceous"), at length blackish brown. 

Edge sterile, light-coloured. S t e mslender, 8-13 cm X15-30 mm, 

clavately swollen towards base and here 20-35 mm thick, hollow, 

of the same colour as the cap, though often less yellow; silky, naked, 

when young floccose towards the base. R i n g sheathed above, white, 

becoming yellow, thin, broad, obliquely pendulous, placed high, 

smooth above, on the underside with coarse, white or ochre yellow 

scales whi?h often form a cog-wheel with somewhat blunt teeth. 

F l e s h thin, white, with lage becoming gradually somewhat ochraceous 

in the stem. S m e Il like almonds, S c h a f f e r r e a c t i o n 

positive. S p o r e p o w d e r dark brown ("Mummy Brown"; L. g 8; 

S. 701). 

Spores ovate, 1-2-guttulate, 7-8(-9) X4.5(-5.5),u. Basid 

i a 4-spored, clavate, 22-30 X7-9,u. S te r i g m a t a 3-4,u long. 

M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, ovate-balloon-shaped, oval or 

sometimes shortly clavate, hyaline, 11-26 X9-18(- 21 ) ,u . 

Gregarious in meadows, on dikes, now and then on old piled turf 

or on decaying chaff and old hay, also in gardens on lawns and 

on the outskirts of woods. Not common but occasionally occurring 

in quantity in the same locality for several years running. June 

October. 

Als: Danebod High School, on a lawn. - Falster: Systofte Skov. 

- Lolland: Alholm; Albuen; Holmeskoven near Saxkjøbing; Nagelsti 

Enge; Bjergestykkerne near Orebygård; Lilleø and Kejlsø in 

Guldborgsund. - Germany: Meadow near Potsdam; here gathered 

in company with J. Schaffer in quantity in 1937.

- 163 

The cited illustrations by J ak. E. L a n g e and J u 1. S c h li.f 

f e r are good representations of this species. F r i e s's plate (se e 

fig. 26), which has given rise to misinterpretation. e. g. by K o n r a d 

/ 

l 

I 

I 

J 

l 

/ 

Fig. 26. Psalliota arv ensis Fr. 

Sketch executed after F r i e s, Atl. och gift. Svamp., t . 4 (c. 1:2). 

(Grands Agaricus, Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. IX, p. 2-8, 1931) 

shows a species to which scarcely any of the Danish species of the 

Arvensis group from coniferous woods, nor P. nioesoens, can be 

referred, whereas F r i e s's figures, particularly the slender ones, 

may better be interpreted as representations of the above-described 

P. arvensis sens. restr. 

11*

-164 - 

Fig. 27. Agaricus exquisitus Vitt. 

Sketch drawn after V i t t a d i n i's plate (3:4). 

As here interpreted, P. arvensis eannot be synonymous with Ag. 

exquisitus Vitt., V i t t a d i n i's species being too thiekset for this 

(see fig. 27), more reminiscent of the low-stemmed P. nivescens, 

since the white colour of the cap and the white flesh (according to 

V i t t ad i n i: finally faintly flavescent in the stem) and the habitat 

"in ruderatis, ad latera viarum" are common characters, while P. 

nivescens is not generally markedly hollow-stemmed, like A. exquisitus. 

R i c k e n has called P. arvensis sens. restr. P. cretacea Fr., a 

name unfit for use because P. cretacea is not a Psalliota species but 

Lepiota naucina Fr. To use the name P. arvensis for a markedly 

woodland species such as P. obrwptibulba, as has been done by

- 165 - 

Ricken, Baar, Hans Wal ty and others, will not do , because 

according to its meaning the name arvensis should be used for a 

species growing outside woods; and further, the name abruptibulba 

is older than the works of these authors. See also my comments on 

the related species of the Arvensis group. 

8. Psalliota fissurata sp. n. 

Plate XIX b. 

D i a g n o s is. Pileus 5-10 cm, ex hemisphaerico expansus, saepe 

subumbonatus vel in medio applanatus, sericeo-nitens, primo albidus 

vel alutaceus, levis, tactu luteo-maculatus, dein mox ochraceus, saepe 

praecipue marginem versus radialiter diffractus, rimis pallidis. Lamellae 

liberae, confertae, subangustae, e pallidis incarnatae vel dilute 

r oseae, denique fuseae, acie sterili, pallida. Stipes curtus et pro 

ratione crassus, 4-8 cm X 20-25 mm, sursum attenuatus, sine bulbo, 

dense medullatus, dein anguste fistulosus, albus, deorsum ochraceus, 

sericeo-nitens, primo sub annulo granulatus, granulis 1 mm latis, 

rotundatis, albis, denique nudus. Annulus superus, albus, tenuis, sat 

latus, reflexus, supra levis, infra squamosus prope marginem, squamis 

numerosis, minoribus, rotundatis, ex albis ochraceis. Caro pro ratione 

tenuis, alba, in stipite ad postremum saepe dilute incarnata, odore 

amygdalino. 

Sporae acervatim fuscae, ovatae, guttulatae, 7.5-8(- 9) X 4.5 

5 (- 6) u , Basidia 4-sterigmatica, clavata, 26-32 X7-8u . Sterigmata 

3-4/-l longa. Cystidia aciei lamellarum numerosa, variabilia : 

fere globosa (12-17 X 9-14/-l) , vesiculosa (20-24 X 11-14/-l) , late 

clavata vel ampullacea (28-40 X 12-19u ), 

Subgregaria in pratis litoralibus Daniae. Autumno. 

A P. arvensi, cui valde affinis, praecipue stipite curtiore, pile o 

mo x fissur at o-squamoso et forma cystidiorum dignoscitur. 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 5-10 cm , at first semiglobate, then 

convex, often slightly umbonate or with somewhat flattened centre, 

shining, at first whitish or alutaceous, smooth with dark lemon 

yellow spots ("Lemon Yellow") on pressure, then aIready while 

young ochre yellow ("Ochraceous Buff") and as a rule radially 

cracked, like lnocube, with pale fissures between the yellow patches 

of the rigid, dry pellicle particularly towards the edge. Margin of 

cap inflexed with faint velum zone. G i Il s free, crowded , rather

- 166 - 

narrow, at first pale, then flesh colour Ol' pale pink ("PaIe Grayish 

Vinaceous", "P ale Cinnamon-Pink") and at length blackish brown. 

Edge sterile, light-coloured. S t e m short and comparatively thick, 

4-8 cm X 20-25 mm, thicker towards the base, without distinctly 

marked, bulbous base, with a fairly firm and narrow pith, then fistulose, 

wit h age ochraceous yellow downwards like the cap ; shini ng, 

when young with round, white grains towards the ring, easily dropping 

off, 1 mm broad, otherwise naked. R i n g sheathed above, white, 

thin, rat her broad, pendulous, smooth on upper side, but with 

numerous roundish, white Ol' gradually ochraceous scales, 2 mm 

broad , on t he underside in a circle a long the edge. F l e s h rather 

t hin, white, often at length slightly flesh colour in the stem. S m e Il 

somewhat lik e almonds. Schaffer re action positive. Spore 

p o w d e r dark brown ("Mummy Brown" ; L. g 8; S. 701) . 

.s p o re s ovate, with one large or several small guttae, 7.5-8 

(-9) X 4.5-5(-6) p. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, 26-32 X7-8p. 

Sterigmata 3--4 p long. Marginal cystidia numerous, 

variable in form, from subglobate (12-17 X 9-14p) to balloonshaped 

(20-24 X 11-14 p) or broadly clavate to bottle-shaped 

(28--40 X 12-19p). 

In small groups, amongst grass in meadows near the shore, where 

it is more frequent than P. arvensis. Widely distributed. July 

October. 

Falster: Bøtø Nor; Hasseløvej in Nykøbing, in garden. - Fyn : 

Holekenhavn Nor. - Lolland: Strand meadow near Maltrup Skov; 

strand meadow near Majbølle ; strand meadow near Frejlev Skov. 

Sjælland: Strand meadow near Næstved (Johs. Ferdinand) ; 

Glænø: Vestfjed. - Vigsø in Smålandshavet. 

Received from N. F. B u c h w a l d from various other localities. 

This species, which the author has known since 1939, only differs 

from P. arvensis by its occurrence in meadows near the shore, its 

small scales placed in a circle on the ring, its short, stocky stem 

with a fairly firm and narrow pith, and more especially by the f act 

that the pellicle is only pure white when quite young, but already before 

the bursting of the veil becomes distinctly ochre yellow and most 

frequently cracks radially, almost like an Inocybe (hence the name 

[issurtiia), with narrow, lighter-coloured fissures between the yellow 

patches of the pellicle. The tendency to form bottle-shaped marginal 

cystidia seems to be the only demonstrable microscopic difference 

from P . aroensis, to which it may perhaps approximate by inter-

- 168 - 

1. Psalliota xanthoderma (GEl'\EY.) RICH. et Hozz 

Plate XXXI. 

R i c h o n et R o z e, Atlas Champ. Fr., p.53, t . xvn, figs.5-9, 1885. 

Syn . : Agaricus xanthodermus Genevier. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 23, p. 31, 

1876. 

Pratella campestris v. silvicola Vitt. sensu Gillet, Champ., 

p.562, 1878, t.581 (386) , 1878-1890. 

Pratella cretacea (Fr.) sensu Quel., Fl. myc. , p. 73 , 1888, 

no n Fr. 

Agaricus iodo formicus Speg., Ann. Mus. Nac. Buenos-Aires 6, 

p. 141, t.5, f igs. 16-23, 1898. 

leon.: R o I l a n d, Bull. Soc . Myc . Fr. 5, t.3, fig. 1, 1889 (sub nom. 

P . arvensis) . 

M a u b l a n c, Champ. comest. et ven. I, t . 23, 1926. 

K o n r a d et M a u b l a n c, leon. sel. Fung., t.30, 1929. 

J. S c h af f e r: Michael, Fiihrer f. Pilzfreunde I, no. 58, 1939. 

H a n s W a l t y, Schweizer-P ilztafeln I, t .29, 1947. 

P i l e u s 5-10 cm, campanulat e, then fl atly convex and often 

with flatly depress ed cent re, silky, white, alutaceous ("Tilleul-Buff"), 

or a littIe gr ey ish with age, darkest at the centre, on frietion becoming 

vividly and rapidly dark lemon yellow spotted ("Lemon 

Ch ro m e" ), naked , but the rigid pellicle tends to break up into larger 

or smaller patches, sep arated by narrow fissures, longitudinally 

cr acked at t he margin. The margin with a narrow {ringe of veil. 

G i I l s free, cr owded, narrow, at length rather broad, at first pale, 

then for a long time dark flesh colour ("Deep Vinaceous"), finally 

blackish br own. Edge sterile, pale, denticulate. S t e m fairly slender, 

6- 10 cm X 12- 15 mm, subcylindr ica l but with a markedly bulbous 

base, slightly marginate or rounded, up to 20 mm thick, and carrying 

a mycelial strand (c . 1 mm t hiek); at first pithy but rapidly rather 

broadly hollow, white, when rubbed or scraped with a nail at once 

showing chrome yellow ("Lem on Chrome") spots, particularly at the 

base, with age t he apex turning blackish ; silky, naked -. R i n g 

sheathed above , whit e, often yellow-spotted at the ed ge, rather thin 

towards t he stem, fai r ly broad, and long somewhat projecting, placed 

hi gh or almost in t he middle, smooth or minutely striped from the 

gills above, with a circle of coarse, often slightly yellowish teeth on 

t he underside, or with a coherent downwards directed collar. F l e s h 

thin, white, often ch rome ye llow at the base in full-grown fruit

- 170 - 

it, F or his variety M a i r e eited C o o k e's figure of P. cretacea (Illustr., 

t.524, no. 542, 1881-1891), whieh perhaps merely represents 

a sun-eraeked and darkened P. xanthoderma and therefore eannot 

be Sehaffer's "Rebhuhnform" of P. m eleaqris, though Sehaff 

e r once thought so. Further, P. jZavescens Rich. et Roze (Atl. 

Champ., p.42, t. XVII, figs.17-21, 1885), which is identieal with 

P. cretacea v. jlavescens sensu Quel., Fl. myc., p.73, 1888, and which 

is mentioned by R yd b e r g from Sweden under the name of P. [lavescens 

Gill. as differing from P. xanthoderma by its flesh turning 

.a mueh deeper yellow, must be regarded as a variety of the iatter 

(or as a very closely allied species), while on the other hand P. [lavescens 

Gillet is simply P. silvicola (Vitt.) . 

2. Psalliota phaeolepidota sp. n. 

Plates xx b and XXXII. 

D i a g n o s i s. Pileus 5-8 cm, campanulatus, vel hemisphaericus 

et subtruncatus, dein expansus et subumbonatus vel in medio applanatus, 

serieeo-nitens, in fundo albido diffracto-squamulosus, squamulis 

numerosis, minutis, pilosis, rufescentibus, medio sine squamulis, 

r ufo. LameIlae liberae, confertae, angustae, e pallidis pulchre incarnatae, 

tandem f uscae, acie sterili, pallida, denticulata. Stipes 5-8 cm 

X 10- 12 mm, basi 20 mm lat a, plus minusve marginato-vel rotundato-tuberculata, 

radice filiformi (1 mm cr.) prae ditus, sursum att 

enuatus, cavus, niveus, interdum tamen supra annulum leviter rose 

us, sericeo-nitens, nudus. Annulus superus, albus, sporis saepe fuscus, 

membranaceus, plerumque lacerus, latus, r eflexus, supra subt 

iliter striatus, infra squamis in zona dispositis, tenuibus, angustis. 

fere linearibus, fuscis ornat us ; interdum pars inferior annuli radialiter 

fissa. Car o tenuis, alba, disseeta obsolete incarnata, praecipue 

in stipite, ub i interdum in basi rufo-maculata vel flavo-tincta, odore 

debili, nonnumquam nauseoso, natura incerta, nee aeidulo, nee amygdalino 

(ut in P. meleagri?). 

Sporae aeervatim fuscae, ovatae, uniguttulatae, 4.5-6 X 3-3.5p. 

Basidia 4-sterigmatica, elavata, 20-23 X 6-7(-8) p. Sterigmata 

2.5p lon ga . Cystidia aciei lamellarum numerosa, fasciculata, vesiculos 

a vel lat e clavata, hyalin a , 18- 50 X 12-34p. 

Gregaria in silva minore sub arboribus frondosis, in solo fere 

nudo. Dania. Autumno. 

Differt a speciebus in "Silvati ca-group" stipite toto nudo non 

nigrescente, a P. meleagri cystidiis maieribus.

- 171- 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 5-8 cm, at first campanulate or semiglobat 

e with obtuse apex, finally expanded with slight umbo or 

flattened centre, silky, outside the dull, reddish brown (paIe "Cinnamon-Brown") 

centre on a light ground with numerous delicate, fibrillose 

squamules of the same colour as the centre, so that the distribution 

and character of the scales are almost the same as in P. meleagris. 

The edge has often larger or smaller cuticular patches of the very 

thin veil. G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, at first paIe, in the expandin 

g stage a beautiful fle sh colour ("Pinkish Buff") , a t length blackish 

brown. Edge sterile, paIe, denticulate. S t e m 5-8 cm X10-12 mm, 

attenuated upwards, with bulbous base up to 20 mm broad, rounded 

or slightly marginate, with a mycelial strand (1 mm thick); hollow, 

chalk white, though sometimes paIe pink above the ring, silky, naked. 

R i 11 g sheathed above, white, but often dirtied with the spore powder 

above, membranaceous and frequently torn, but when whole it is 

broad, obliquely pendulous, minutely striated on the upper side, on the 

white underside with a circle of thin, narrow, almost linear, blackish 

brown scales. In one instance a cog-wheel had been formed. F l e s h 

thin, white, but when cut turning slowly slightly flesh-coloured 

("PaIe Grayish Vinaceous") , most deeply in the stem; sometimes, 

however, deeper red brown ("Orange-Vinaceous") spots appear in 

the base of the stem, together with a paIe yellow ("Straw Yellow") 

colour. S m e Il sometimes strong and unpleasant, if for instance, 

you have gathered many individuals in a paper bag and smell them, 

but of the individual fruit bodies it may often be so slight that you 

hardly notice it, not acidulous like pine wood nor smelling of almonds, 

but mostly perhaps as in the other members af the group. S c h a f 

f e r r e a c t i o n negative. With anilin oil the flesh and pellic1e of 

the cap stain purpIe, with soda-Iye dark lemon yellow. Acids give 

no reaction. S p o r e p o w d e r brownish black ("Bone Brown"; L. 

c3; S.117). 

S p o r e s ovate with one gutta, 4.5-6 X 3-3.5p. B a s i d i a 4spored, 

clavate, 20-23 X6-7(-8)p. Sterigmata 2.5p long. 

M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, tufted, balloon-shaped or broadly 

clavate, hyaline, 18-50 X 12-34p. 

Gregarious on almost naked forest soil in a small grove of deciduous 

trees in company with P. purpurascens. September 1946 

1950, every year. 

Lolland: Sundby Færgegård in the. garden. - Sjælland: Halsnæs 

near Frederiksværk, according to a water-colour done by R. H e s t e 

h a v e, 2/9 1939.

- 172 - 

This species which is much like the t ypical for m of P. silvatica 

differs from all sp ecies of the Silvatica group by its q uite naked, 

chalk white stem, which does not turn bl ackish with age , and by t he 

chemical composition of the flesh. By the siz e of the cystidia the 

speci es differs so much from P. meleagris that it eannot be r eferred 

to S c h af f e r's "Rebhuhnform" of P . m eleagris (s ee M i c h a e I 

S c h af f e r , Flihrer f. Pilzfreunde I , no. 58, 193 9) , all the mo r e 

since S c h af f e r himself has declared that this is "e ine blosse belanglose 

Form de s Perlhuhnchampignons", which "w åchst stets in 

Minderzahl zwischen diesem" (Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. XVI, p.152, 

1938) , while P. phaeolepidota despite several years' observations of 

numerous fruit bodies always is a constant pure brown, and always 

shows faint flesh-colour reactions upon breaking of the fruit bodies. 

Anilin oil stains the flesh yellow to orange colour in P. xa nthoderma 

and P. m eleagris. 

3. Psalliota meleagris S CHAFF. 

J. S c h af f e r , Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 4, p.28, 1925 ("Perlhuhnform"); 

ibid. 6, p.106, 1927 ("Rebhuhnform") . 

Syn.: Psalliota xanthoderma subsp. meleagris Schåff., Michael, Fuhrer 

f. Pilzfreunde I, no. 58, 1939. 

Icon. : J. S c h af f e r: Michael, Fuhrer f. Pilzfreunde I, no. 58, 1939. 

a) "Perlhuhnform" 

p i l e u s 5-12 cm, semi-globate or campanulate, then expanded 

and often with flattened centre or umbonate with dark sooty brown 

("Mummy Brown") centre, and towards the margin, on a whitish 

ground later becoming darker, set with delicate and dense, sooty 

brown or dark greyish brown ("Deep Brownish Drab") , adnate 

aquamules. G i Il s free, crowded, rather bro ad, at first quite pale, 

later a beautiful pink ("Vinaceous-Pink") , and at length blackish 

brown. Edge sterile, pale, denticulate. S t e mslender, 6-10 cm X 

10-12 mm, cylindrical with a round or sometimes slightly marginate, 

bulbous base, very hollow, white, but on bruising or rough handling 

at once showing bright lemon yellow ("Lemon Chrome") spots, particularly 

at the base; and after a moment the spots turn purplish 

brown ("Deep Brownish Vinaceous") ; very shining and often with 

wavy lines across (see also J. S c h af f e r's illustrations). R i n g 

sheathed above, white, but when touched immediately yellow and

- 173 - 

then with purplish brown spots like the stem, thin near the st em, 

thieker at the edge, broad, obliquely pendulous, plaeed high, smoot h 

or minutely radially striped above, on the underside with a zone of 

roundish, often yellowish brown teet h . F l e s h t hin , white, f r equently 

dark lemon y ellow ( "Lemon Chrome") at base of stem even in young 

fruit bodies, when cut q ui ckly shot with lemon ye llow, after which 

the yellow turns purplish brown. S m e Il disagreeable, like ink, some 

times like sweat or mouldy st r aw. S c h a f f e r r e a c t i o n nega 

tive . Spo re powder "t r iibbraun" (J. Sehaffe r ). 

S p o r e s obliquely ovate, 1-2-guttulate, 4-5 X 3p. B a s i d i a 

4-spored, elavate, 18-22 X 5-6p, with s te r i g m a t a 2p long . 

M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a in small eolonies, balloon- to pe ar-shaped 

or roundish, hyaline, 10-20 X 10-14p. 

Gregarious, growing on moist soil under deeiduous trees in eopses. 

August (Sehaffer: July-September). 

Germany: Potsdam near Havel between Mohrlaehe and Phauen 

insel, numerous fruit bodies, old and young. 

The above deseription has been based on fruit bodies from the 

aforementioned localit y , gathered there with J. S c h a f f e r in 1937. 

b ) "Rebhuhnform" 

Observed onee in Denmark (Lolland: Gammel Fredskov near Ny 

sted) , brought to the author by t he finder (A g n e s H a n s e n) in 

a single defeetive specimen, henee no thorough deseription was given. 

The spores were 5 X 3p, the basidia 5 p broad, and the marginal 

eystidia were pear-shaped, 9 p broad. Reactions on the euticle of 

the stem : with formalin and nitric aeid O, with anilin oil orange 

yellow. Sehaffer r eaetion negative. 

3 a. Psalliota meleagris SC HAFF. var. 

obscurata (MAIRE) eomb. n. 

Plate xx a .'") 

R. M a i r e, Bull. Soe. Mye. Fr. 26, p. 192, 1910 (sub nom. Agaricus 

xanthodermus Gen. v. obscuratus). 

Syn.: Psalliota silvatica sensu Bres. var. nigricans Beck, Pilz- u. 

Kråuterfr. 5, p.42, 1921. 

Icon.: B r e s a d o l a, Fung. Trid. I, t. 90, 1881 ; leon. Mye ., t. 830, 

1931. 

*) See, however, p . 208, lines 3- 12.

- 174- 

Differs from the main species in the folIowing characters : P i l e u s 

with quite black, dull centre and the scales towards the margin 

blackish with a slightly brownish tinge on a grey ground, so that 

the colour and coating are exactly as in Tricholoma terreum (see 

L a n g e, Fl..Ag. Dan. I, t. 22 C, 1935). G i Il s conspicuously narrow 

and long white, even at the time when the ring becomes detached, 

later only pale flesh colour ("PaIe Grayish Vinaceous") before they 

become dark. S t e m turning yellow on pressure as in the main 

species, but not so readily, and not assuming a purplish brown 

colour in the yellow parts. F l e s h white, stem and cap shot in spots 

with lemon yellow when cut, but only slightly tinged with flesh 

colour in the upper part of the stem near the outer side. S c h af f e r 

r e a c t i o n negative. S p o re p o w d e r dingy brown ("Saccardos 

Umber"; L. o 6; S 132). 

S p o r e s obliquely ovate, 1-2-guttulate, (4-)5 X 31-'. B a s i d i a 

4-spored, clavate, 18-22 X 5.5-61-', with sterigmata 21-' long. 

M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a balloon- to pear-shaped, 15-18 X 8-121-' 

in sterile border. 

Gregarious. Rare. September-October, 1943. 

Lolland: Saxkjøbing, in garden under fruit trees on bare soil. 

(Lindh. Hansen). 

Probably M a i r e's variety is identical. His diagnosis runs as 

follows: A typo differt squamis fusco-atris, lamellis angustissimis 

ex albo griseo-purpureis dein fusco-purpureis. P. xanthoderma v. 

grisea Pears. has a paler grey cap (according to water colours kindly 

sent by P e a r s o n) and a different form of spores. P. silvatica 

sensu Bres. is probably identic but has too large spores. 

The existence in England of P. xanthoderma v. grisea Pears., 

which is actually more closely related to P. meleagris than to P. 

xanthoderma, together with the two Danish variants of P. meleaqris, 

shows that the latter is somewhat rich in forms. This' applies 

perhaps even in a higher degree still - to the closely related parallel 

species P. placomyces in the U.S.A., as A l e x a n d e r H. S m i t h 

has indeed partly indicated ("Ag. placomyces is rather variable"). 

After perusing the somewhat copious literature concerning P. placo 

myces from that country the author thinks it safe to say that in the 

Western States (California, Oregon, Washington) the descriptions 

given of P . placomyces (see works by W. A. M u r r i Il, H o t s o n & 

S t u n t z, Z e Il e r) vary a good deal from those of the species in 

the Eastern States (ep. e. g. works by P e c k, K a u f f m a n n, V. O.

- 175 - 

G r a h a m, L. C. C. K r i e g e r ) . It is a curious faet too that in t he 

West it is said to be poisonous, like P. meleagris in Europe, while 

in the Eastern States it is deseribed as esculent. But the American 

illustrations too show differences in P. placomyces even within the 

east er n parts of U.S .A., sompare for instance the coloured original 

Fig . 28. A gar i cus placomyces P eck. 

Sketch executed a ft er P e c k 's coloured figures (c. 3 :5 ) . 

pietures of the species of which fig. 28 is a copy (P e c k, N.Y. State 

Mus., Rept. 48, t. 9, figs. 7-12, incidentally very different from 

pietures af P. meleagris) with photographs published by A l e x 

a n d e r H . S m i t h, K r i e g e r and others. The form that agrees 

best with the above-described m eleagris type is the Pacific form, 

particularly in its very dark scales on the cap, and the change from 

yellow to purplish brown of the cuticle of the stem on pressure. When 

K a u f f m a n n in 1927 (or perhaps 1926) received water colours and 

exsiccata of P. meleagris from J . S c h af f e r he declared in his 

reply that the identity af the two species was not .very probable. 

Later, according to S m i t h (Studies in the Genus Agaricus, p.125, 

1940 ) , he thought, in all probability, that S c h af f e r 's species was

176 - 

ident ica l with a spe cies found in Oregon, which differed so much 

from P. placom yc es that he believed it to be a new species. 

Though S m i t h would indentify P. placomyces with P . meleaqris, 

the present writer thinks it best to defer this till both have been 

more closely examined. If t hey should then prove to be so close to 

each other that it would be advisable to unit e them t he name P . 

meleagris should, as the youngest, give place to t he American name 

of 1878, and in that case the present dark-squamose varieties of 

P . meleagris and P. xanthoderma ean with good reason be subordinated 

to P. placomuces , so that their names will be: P . placomyces 

v. obscuraia, P. placomyces v. grisea etc. 

IV. THE MACROSPORA GROUP 

Large species. Pileus white or yellow, often densely floccosesquamose. 

Gills as a rule narrow, flesh colour. Gill edge sterile, pale. 

Stem stout, frequently rooting and densely floccose-squamose. Ring 

sheathed above , areolate-squamose on the underside. Flesh thick, 

whitish, turning red in the stem when broken. Smell more or less 

of almonds, often at length disagreeable. Marginal cystidia roundish 

to clavate. Spores ovally ovate, large. S c h li f f e r r e a c t i o n 

positive or capricious. In meadows, more rarely in woods. 

KEY TO SPECIES 

Pileus at first on a light ground with numerous small, adpressed, 

ochre yellow, fibrillose scales. Stem short. Smells 

strongly of almonds. In fairy rings in meadows . 

1. 1. P . straminea 

2. 

Pileus at first concolorous, at first white or alutaceous, 

floccose-squamose all over. Faint smell of almonds, In meadows 

or in woods 2 

Stem tall. Pileus and stem pure white. Habit much like 

P. tuunista, but the scales of the cap and stem white. In 

woods, particularly under Picea 2. P. ex eellens 

Stem short. Pileus whitish or yellowish, often quite ochre 

yellow in dry weather, but then very much cracked and 

split. In fairy rings in meadows 3. P. macrospora

177 - 

1. Psalliota straminea M ØLL. et S CHAF F. 

Plate XIX a. 

F. H. M ø Il e r et J. S ch aff e r, Ann. Myc. 36, p. 78, 1938. 

Syn.: PsalZiota arvensis (Schaeff .) Fr. subsp. ma crospore Møll. et 

Sch aff. var. strcminea (Møll. et Schåff. ) , Sch åff., Michael : 

Fuhr er f . Pilzfreunde, no. 57, 1939. 

leon.: J. S c h af f e r : Michae l, Ftihrer f. Pilzfreunde, no. 57, 1939. 

P i l e u s 8- 12 cm, semiglobate, then expanded, often with flat 

tened centre, shining, straw yellow ("Straw Yellow" ) with small, 

adpressed, ochre yellow ("Primuline Yellow"), fibrillose scales. Upon 

pressure shot with sulphur yellow ("Sulphur Yellow"); in dry 

weather the pellicle cracks so that whitish fissures are seen be 

tween the yellow areas. Margin of cap abruptly inflexed, after the 

ring has split with a broad, thin seam. G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, 

pale, then flesh colour ("Light Congo Pink"), finally blackish brown. 

Edge sterile, pale. S t e m compact, rather short, 5-7 cm X 20-25 mm, 

somewhat fusiform or subcylindrical with a pointed, rooting base, 

densely pithy, sometimes partly hollow, white, turning yellow ("Cream 

Buff") on pressure, at first clad with loose, concolorous scales or 

flocci. R i n g sheathed above, white, membranaceous towards the 

stem, 1-2 mm thick at edge, fragile, broad, obliquely pendulous, 

placed high, smooth above, areolate-squamose on the underside, the 

scales rather small and gradually becoming yellowish. F l e s h thick 

and firm, white, when bruised rosy flesh colour, particularly in the 

stem ("Pinkish Buff", "Cinnamon-Buff"). S m e Il pleasant, some 

what like almonds. S c h af f e r r e a c t i o n positive, but slight 

(orange yellow). 

S p o r e sovally ovate, often oblique, with 1 to several guttae, 

10-13(-15) X 5.5-6(-7)p. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, 30-34 

X 9- 10 p . Sterigmata 4-5p long. Marginal cystidia nu 

merous, shortly clavate, or oval. 18-28 X 8-14p. 

In fairy rings in meadows. Rare. September-October. 

Lolland: Frejlev in meadow, many individuals in a ring. 

The beautiful yellow, sparse scales of the pileus are characteristic 

of this species in contrast with the other species of the group, likewise 

the pleasant, strong smell of almonds. P. lepiotoides Schulz, non 

Berk. et Br. (M i c h a e l, Ftihrer f. Pilzfreunde, no. 50, 1924), which 

occurs in the Færdes (F. H. M ø Il e r, Fungi of the F æroes, figs. 6, 

FRI E SIA I V 12

- 178 - 

93, p.205, 1945), bears some resemblance to it, but the spores are 

too small (9-10 X5-6p). J. Schaffer, to whom watercolours of 

the Danish find from Frejlev were sent, has accepted the determination, 

though these specimens differed from the brief diagnosis 

in Ann. Myc. 36, p. 78, by the pleasant, almond-like smell, but since 

this diagnosis was based on fruit bodies sent from Holstein, the 

smell of almonds may have passed away on the journey. 

2. Psalliota exeellens nom. nov. 

Fig. 29. Plate XXXIII. 

Syn.: Psalliota augusta Fr. sensu Ricken, Blåtterpilze, p.235, 1912; 

Vademecum, p.143, 1920; sensu Beck, Pilz- u. Kråuterf'r.fi, 

p. 44, 1921; sensu Singer, Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 1, p. 24, 1922; 

sensu Hans Walty, Schweizer-Pilztafeln II, t.30, 1944. 

Icon.: H a n s Wa l t y, Schweizer-Pilztafeln II, t. 30, 1944 (sub nom. 

P. augusta). The illustrations, however, do not show the 

slender stem of P. exeellens. 

D i a g n o s i s. Pileus 10-15 cm, hemisphaericus globosusve, dein 

expansus, plerumque medio plano, sericeo-nitens, centro saepe opaco, 

compactus, pulchre albus, dein sulphureo-tinctus, vulneratus luteomaculatus, 

initio praecipue marginem versus dense floccoso-squamulosus, 

squamulis pilosis, concoloribus, paulum secedentibus, densis. 

Lamellae liberae, confertae, angustae, diu pallidae, dein incarnatae, 

denique fuscae, acie sterili, pallida. Stipes validus, 10-14 cm X30 

40 mm, deorsum subclavatus, interdum cylindricus, farctus, raro 

fistulosus, albus, apice saepe roseo, sub annulo crasse striatus, deorsum 

furfuraceo-squamosus, squamis concoloribus, secedentibus ut in 

pileo. Annulus superus, albus, fere membranaceus, sed margine 1 

1.5 mm crasso, fragilis, latus, reflexus, subapicalis, supra levis, infra 

saepe areolato-squamosus, squamis rotundatis, concoloribus. Caro 

compacta, alba, praecipue in partibus inferioribus stipitis plus minusve 

lateritia vel dilutior, fere incarnata, odore debili, amygdalino. 

Sporae acervatim fuscae, ovato-ovales, pluriguttulatae, 9-11(- 

12) X 5- 6.5 (- 7) p . Basidia 4-sterigmatica, clavata, (24-)28-32 

(-48) X 9-12p. Sterigmata 3.5-4.5p longa. Cystidia aciei lamellarum 

numerosa, globosa, ovalia, ovata, vesiculosa vel late clavata, 

hyalina, 10-38 X5-16p.

179 - 

Gregaria in silvis abiegnis (Picea) Daniae, interdum in silvis 

frondosis (Fagus) . P. au gus t a Fr. sensu Ricken eadem est. 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 10-15 cm, semiglobate or globate, 

then expanded, often with 'flattened centre, silky (though centre 

often dull), beautifully white, later with a sulphur yellow tinge, on 

rough handling lemon yellow ("Strontian Yellow") spotted ; aIready 

when very young densely floccose-squamose, particularly towards 

the mar gin, with small, at length somewhat deciduous, white scales. 

The margin long inflexed with dentate border after the rupture of 

the ring. G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, long paIe, then flesh colour 

("Light Congo Pink"), at length blackish brown. Edge sterile, paIe. 

S t e m tall, 10-14 cm X30-40 mm, slightly cIavately thickened towards 

base, occasionally cylindrical, somewhat rooting, densely pithy, 

rarely slightly hollow, white, but not rarelya beautiful pink colour 

("Pinkish Euff") upwards ; in the lower half loosely scaly with white 

or paIe, often rather coarse, furfuraceous scales; up towards the 

ring (where the stem has elongated) coarsely striate and devoid of 

scales; above the ring silky, naked. R i n g sheathed above, white, 

c. 1-1.5 mm thick at the edge, thinner towards the stem, fragile, 

broad, obliquely pendulous, placed high, smooth on the upper side, 

with concolorous, globose scales on the underside, particularly near 

the edge, often distinctly areolate-squamose. F le s h thick, firm, 

white, when broken more or less briek-red-pink ("Pinkish Cinnamon" 

) or of a paler flesh colour, most deeply tinged in the lower 

parts of the stem. S m e Il almond-like but slight. S c h af f e r 

r e a c t i o n positive. S p o r e p o w d e r brownish black ("Bone 

Brown; L. c3; S.117). 

S p o r e sovally ovate, with several guttae, 9-11(-12) X 5-6.5 

(-7)p. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, (24-)28-32(-48) X9- 12p . 

S t e r i g m a t a 3.5-4.5p long. M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, 

globate, oval, ovate or balloon-shaped to broadly clavate, hyaline, 

10-38 X5-16p. 

Gregarious in woods under Picea, occasionally in deciduous woods 

(Faqus), Rather infrequent. August-October. 

Als: Nørreskov. - Falster: Halderup Skov; Systofte Skov. -' 

Fyn: Ravnholt Sønderskov. - Lolland: Flintinge Byskov; Fuglsang 

Storskov; Grænge Skov; the wood near Priorskov (purely deciduous) ; 

Krageskoven near Priorskov. - Sjælland: Kastrup Storskov near 

Fuglebjerg. 

12*

- 180 - 

F ig. 29. Psalliota eæcellen s, 

F igur es executed from natur e ( 1:2). 

It is probable t hat P . exeellene has pr eviously been referred to 

P . arvensis sensu lat. But all the whit e species from coniferous woods 

in the Arvensis group more easily turn yellow and become a deeper 

yellow on pressure and have much smaller spores, thus also t he lar ge 

P. macrocarpa. Owing to its size, its slender stem, and its occurrence 

under Picea it may be mistaken for a light-coloured P. augusta Fr. 

(see fi g. 29) ; and experienced mycologists like R i c k e n and many 

other able investigators, particularly in Central Europe, have indeed 

r eferred it to that species, probably es pecially owin g t o the somewhat 

unsatisfactory description of t he latter in F r i e s, Hym. E ur. 

But F r i e s' s good figures of P. augusta in At l. och gift. Svamp., and 

his ear lier description in Mon. H ym. disp el all doubt as to how this 

should be interpreted. 

The large, at first snow-white P. excellens, with the concolorous 

scales on the cap and stem catches the eye far away in the dark fir 

wood and at once renders it re cog nis ab le, and t he micro scopic 

examination after one's r eturn home c1inches t he matter . On the

- 181 - 

other hand, P. exeellens is closely allied to the succeeding species, 

P. maorospora, growing in meadows, from which it is actually only 

distinguishable by its slenderer growth, its purer colour, and its 

occurrence in woods. 

3. Psalliota macrospora (MØLL. et S CHAFF.) comb. n. 

Plate XXXIV. 

F. H. Møller & J. Schaffer, Ann. Myc.36, p.78, 1938 (sub 

nom. P. arvensis subsp. macrospora). 

Syn.: Psalliota villatica (Brond.) sensu Bresadola, Fung. Trid. 1, 

p. 54, 1884; sensu Ricken, Vademecum, p. 142, 1920; sensu 

Lange, Studies VI, p.6, 1926; sensu Pearson, Trans. Brit. 

Myc. Soc. 29, p. 204, 1946. 

Agaricus villaticus (Brond.) sensu Saccardo, Syll. Fung. 5, p. 999, 

1887. (Non Psalliota villatica (Brond.) sensu Rich. et Roze, 

Atl. Champ. Fr., p.49, t. XV, figs.1-6, 1885; non sensu 

Baar, BuH. Soc. Royal. Belg. 70, p. 42, 1937; non sensu 

Konrad et Maublanc, Agaricaies, p.102, 1948). 

Psalliota augusta Fr. sensu Konrad et Maublanc, Agaricales, 

p. 104, 1948. 

Bernardii Quel. sensu Rea, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc.3, 

p.285, t.14, 1911; Brit. Bas., p.83, 1922. 

Agaricus arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. sensu Konrad, Schweiz. Zeit 

schr. f. Pilzk.9, p.2-8, 1931. 

Psalliota Bresadolae Baar (non Schulzer) p. p. in Bull. Soc. 

Royal. Bot. Belg. 70, p.48, 1937. 

urimaseens Møll. et Schåff., Ann. Myc. 36, p. 79, 1938. 

collina Vel. Novitates Mycol., p.152, 1939. 

Icon.: B r e s a d o l a, Fung. Trid. I, t. 60, 1884; Icon. Myc., t. 829, 

1931. 

L a n g e, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV , t. 139 C, 1939. 

J. S c h a f f e r: Michael, Fuhrer f. Pilzfreunde, no. 57, 1939. 

H a n s W a l t y, Schweizer-Pilztafeln II, t.31, 1944. 

F. H.M ø Il e r, Den nye Svampebog, fig. 121, 1947. 

P i l e u s 10-15 cm, semiglobate or campanulate, then expanded, 

often with flattened, later a little depressed centre, not rarely with 

a deep furrow across, shining, white or alutaceous ("Light Buff") ,

- 182 - 

on hard pressure becoming pale lemon yellow ("Citron Yellow"), 

sometimes in dry weather quite ochre yellow ("Chamois"), markedly 

floccose-squamose everywhere with concolorous scales, which, how 

ever, later partly drop off, in the centre sometimes cracking when 

dry. Margin long inflexed and with dentate seam from the veil. 

G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, long pale, then flesh colour C'Pale 

Grayish Vinaceous"), finally blackish brown. Edge sterile, pale. 

S t e m short and thick, 5-10 cm X25-35 mm, frequently fusif'orm 

wi t h rooting, pointed base that often breaks when the fungi are 

gat her ed, with firm, narrow pith, occasionally slightly hollow, con 

colorous with cap, more or less coarsely floccose-squamose with 

white or pale yellow scales, easily rubbed off. R i n g sheathed above, 

white, thin, often torn, broad, obliquely pendulous, smooth above, 

loosely dentate at the edge on the underside, and towards stem with 

furfuraceous, areolate, white, later yellow scales. F l e s h thick and 

firm, white, shot with flesh colour or rust ("B.uff-Pink" or "Cinna 

mon-Rufous") when cut in the stem, particularly towards the base. 

S m e Il slight, almond-like after strong frietion of the pellicle, very 

soon after gathering smelling of mouldy straw or urine. S c h af f e r 

r e a c t i o n positive or negative. S p o r e p o w d e r brownish black, 

( "Bone Brown; L. c3; S.117). 

Spores ovally ovate, with several guttae, 8-12(-14) X 

5.5-6.5(-7)p. Basidia 4-spored, clavate, 26-44X8-11(-12)p. 

S t e r i g m a t a 3-5p long. M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, 

ovate-balloon-shaped, 8-31 X 6-16p (in rare cases clavate), hyaline, 

25-40 X 6-8(-10) p. 

Gregarious or in fairy rings, killing the grass, in meadows, often 

in shore meadows. Fairly frequent. July-October. 

Bornholm: Lyneborggårds Løkke. - Falster: Eged (elavate 

cystidia). - Fyn: Arup (N. F. B u c h w a l d). - Kejlsø in Guld 

borgsund. - Lolland: Egholm near Torrig Skov (G. E b b e s e n) ; 

Fiskema'en (L i n d h. H a n s e n); Horslunde, several localities in 

meadows; Knuthenborg Park ; Krenkerup in Borremose (sometimes 

with clavate, sometimes with short cystidia). - Jylland: Meadow 

near Randers (A. H a u e r b a c h). - Vigsø in Smålandshavet. 

In 1938 P. urinaseens Møll. et Schåff. was erected on Danish fruit 

bodies from F yn and Lolland with broad gills and negative Schåffer 

reaction. Later investigations have shown that the form of the 

cystidia as well as the breadth of the gills may vary in the above 

deseribed species, also the smell of gathered individuals which as a

- 183- 

rule becomes disagreeable (compare with this P e a r s o n's excellent 

description of P. macrospora in Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc.29, p.204, 

1946). Hence it will be best provisionally to abandon P. urinaseens 

and regard this name as a synonym. 

As will appear from the list of synonyms, P. -macrospora has had 

several names. Much speaks in favour of the supposition that Agaricus 

villaticus Brond. is identic (see fig. 30). Baar's name P. Bresa- 

Fig. 30. Agaricus villaticus Brand. 

Sketch executed after J . Seh å f f ers copy af Brandeau's plate (c. 3:5). 

The two figures to the left very much resemble P. macrospora (P. villatica 

sensu Bres.) and none af the others especially reminds ane af P. v aporaria 

(Vitt. ) ar P. bispora.

5. 

- 185- 

Pileus 3 cm, conico-convex, white with minute, purplish 

brown radial fibrils. Gills very narrow (2-5 mm). Stem 

sIender, clavate at base, 2-3 mm thick in the middle. In 

woods 5. P . dulcidula 

Pileus not conical. Gills broader. Stem with clavate or 

abruptly swollen, bulbous base 6 

Pileus 4-5 cm, paIe with sparse, argillaceous, fibrillose 

scales. Stem with bulbous base. Cystidia clavate. Under 

Abies 6. P. xan tholepis 

Pileus with more or less purplish tinge, especially on disc. 

Pileus 3 cm, floccose, straw yellow with purplish brown 

centre. Stem rather short and thick, floccose, with bulbous 

base. Becomes a deep yellow when touched. Spores 5.5-6 

7. X 3.75-4,li. Under Picea. Compare P. sem eta .. 

7. P. luteo-maculaia 

8. 

Pileus lilac or vinaceous, at any rate in the centre of capo 

Stem rather slender. Spores 4-5 X 2.5-3.75,li 8 

( Pileus 2-4 cm, quite vinaceous and covered with purpIe 

radial fibrils and squamules. Gills broad. Stem slender, 

clavate at base, C. 5 mm thick in the middle. Spores 4-5 X 

2.75-3.75,li. Under Picea 8. P. purpurella 

Pileus 4-5 cm, at first white, later with purpIe or vinaceous 

radial fibrils, finally mixed with yellow, turning somewhat 

grey. Gills narrow. Stem slender, with abrupt, bulbous 

base, 6-8 mm thick in the middle. Spores 4.5-5 X 2.5-3,li. 

Mostly under Picea 9. P. semota 

1. Psalliota comtula FR. 

F r i e s, Epicr., p.215, 1836. 

leon.: F r i e s, leon. sel., t.130, fig. 1, 1884. 

C o o k e, lllustr. t.533, no. 552 , 1881-189l. 

L a n g e, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, t. 136 A, 1939. 

P i l e u s 2-3 cm, ovate-semiglobate, often a little flattened in 

the centre, at length quite flat, silky, white, at length paIe yellow 

("Cream-Buff"), particularly in the centre, naked. G i Il s free, 

7

- 186 - 

cr owded, narrow, ro sy-flesh-colour ("Buff-P ink"), finally dark brown. 

S t e m 3 cm X 3-4 mm, thicker at the base, sometimes cylindrical, 

pithy-fistulose, w hite, gr adually turnin g ye llow like the cap, 

especially at the base, silky, naked. R i n g sheathed above, white, 

t hin and weak , narrow, at first erect, then obliquely pendulous, highpl 

aced, simple. F l e s h thin, white, becoming ye llow ("Cream-Buff") 

particularly at t he bas e of t he stem. S m e Il like almonds. 

S p o r e s ovate, l -guttulate, 4.5-5.5 (-6) X 3 (-3.5) u . B a s i 

d i a no t examine d. According to J. E . L a n g e m a r g i n a l c y s t i 

d i a are lacking. 

In meadows in small gr oups. R ar e. Septe mber. 

Bornholm: Common near Åk irkeby. 

F r i e s describes the cap, stem, and ri ng as white at first, then 

turning yellow (Epicr., p. 215 ; Mon ogr. I, p.407; H ym. Eur., p.281), 

and so , as will indeed appear from the above desciption, it belongs 

with other sma ll species to the Fla/oescenies. Unfortunately the 

author has had no opportunit y of confirming or disproving L a n 

g e's statement that the sp eci es lacks mar ginal cys tidia. .so that this 

point calls for further examination; for similar Danish species, not 

included in the ensuing survey, have unmistakable marginal cystidia. 

The systematic treatment of the Semota group presents great 

difficulties, partly because the spores and cystidia as well as the 

condition of the ring are not good distinguishing characters, partly 

because the colour of the fruit bodies varies a great deal according 

to the age. Thus owing to the pellicle and flesh turning yellow, the 

original colours are changed or veiled, and finally many of the 

sp ecies are rare and only occur in a few specimens at a time. Great 

caution must therefore be exercised in erecting new species, of which 

there are probably more in Denmark than the three deseribed below. 

2. Psalliota brunneola L ANGE 

L a n g e, Fl. Ag. Dan. V, p. VII, 1940; Studies XII, p.90, 1938; Fl. 

Ag. Dan. IV, p. 60, 1939. 

Icon.: Lange, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, t. 140 C, 1939. 

"Medium, rather short-stemmed. C a p 5.5-7 cm, convex, rather 

thick-fleshed , ever ywher e densely covered by innate, minute fibrils 

and fibrillose squamules of a dull brownish crimson or purplish 

brown colour, edge pallid. G i Il s somewhat distant, white when

- 187 - 

young, then paIe cho colate with a slight tinge of lilac. S t e m white, 

glabrous, rather short and somewhat conical, sub-bulbous, slightly 

rhubarb-yellow to the touch (like the cap) with a thin, white ring, 

the edge of which is slightly thicker. F l e s h white, becoming somewhat 

rhubarb-yellowish with age, from base up. O d o u r r ather 

pronounced. 

S p o r e s ovate, 4.75-5 X 3.5p, diaphanous , rat her pallid. C ys 

ti di a on gill-edge obovate, r at he r lar ge, 10-18p br oad. B a s i 

d i a 4-spored. 

Met with once [M ort e n L ang e ] , near Nyborg, in wood of 

E aqus , on boggy ground (black humus) . 

The species differs from P . rubetui by a more fleshy a nd m ore de nse ly 

fibrillose cap a nd lack of any f'lesh-colour in the gills. P . ful v eola (Lasch) 

Fr. is probably identical. The only r ea l differ ence (in the F ri esian de 

scription) is the fulvo-denticulate edging of the gills. But as a ll parts of 

the fruit-body have a tendency to turn somewhat fulvous, the cysti dia a t 

the gill-edge m ay a lso take on the same tint. Lasch's species is , however , 

not too w ell known, even F r i e s had not seen it, except in dried spe 

cimens. P. arvensis var. pur pu ra sc en s Cke. is evidently a near relative of 

P . brumneolo. (a nd not of P. arv ensis which has la rger sp or es ) although 

its colours a re vivid. All thes e forms should be further st udied." 

The above is quoted verbatim from J. E. L a n g e's description 

in Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, pp.60-61, 1939, since so far the species, as far 

as I know, has only been found by M o r t e n L a n g e. 

3. Psalliota purpuraseens (CoOIm) comb. nov. 

Plates XXI a and XXXV. 

Syn.: A garicus arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. var. purpurascens Cooke, 

Illustr., t .541, no. 584 , 1881-1891. 

P i l e u s 6-8 cm, semiglobate, then expanded, often finally with 

slightly depressed centre, silky, on paIe vinaceous ("PaIe Vinaceous 

Pink") ground from the centre out towards the margin which is 

whitish, covered with adpressed scales and fibrils of purplish brown 

("Deep Purplish Brown") colour. Margin with a thin, white fringe 

from the veil. G i Il s free, crowded, rather broad, long paIe, then 

grey with a very faint tinge of red, finally brownish black. Edge 

ster ile , denticulate. S t e m somewhat short, 5-6 cm X10-15 mm,

- 188 - 

base up to 20 mm thick, clavate with vigorous, often yellow, mycelial 

strand, hollow, white, base when touched turning bright yellow 

("Apricot Yellow"), silky, naked. Ring sheathed above, white, but 

soon turning yellow, membranaceous, rather narrow, at first erect, 

then obliquely pendulous, almost median, simple. F l e s h thin, whitish, 

at length deep yellow in lower part of stem where it has turned 

yellow externally ("Light Cadmium" or "L emon Yellow"). S m e Il 

of almonds. Schaffer reaction positive. Spore powder 

brownish black ("Bone Brown"; L. c 3; S. 117). 

S p o r e s ovate, l-guttulate, 4.5-5.5(-6) X 3-3.5(-4) p. B asidia 

4-spored, clavate, 18-28x6-8p. Sterigmata 2-3p 

longe M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, ovate-balloon-shaped, 13 

30 X 8-18p, mostly 12-14p broad. 

In small groups in light places in woods of mixed trees (Abies) 

Picea, Ulmus, Acer etc.) or in hedges and parks. Rare. August 

September. 

Fyn: Æble Skov near Sulkendrup (F re d e T e rk e l s e n). 

Lolland: Garden of Sundby Færgegård (the last couple of years); 

Kramnitse, behind the dike; Rykkerup Skov (a light-coloured form). 

-Sjælland: Langebæk Skov near Kalvehave. 

The above is a good species, plainly distinguishable from P. semota. 

On account of its size C 0'0 k e to ok it for a variety of P. ar 

»ensis, but it belongs to the Sernota group. 

4. Psalliota lutosa sp. nov. 

Plate XXI d. 

D i a g n o s i s. Pileus 2.5-5 cm, hemisphaericus, dein expansus, 

saepe umbilicatus, sericeo-nitens, medio dilute umbrino, interdum 

purpureo-tincto, ambitu ochraceus, squamulosus, squamulis ochraceis, 

debilibus, tenuioribus, concentricis, margine albo, nudo. LamelIae 

liberae, confertae, latae, e pallidis cinereae, dein fuscae, acie sterili, 

pallida. Stipes curtus, 2-3.5 cm X 5-7 mm, deorsum attenuatus ut 

in P. campestri, rariore cylindricus, medullato-fistulosus, albus, tactu 

sub annulo lutescens, sericeo-nitens, nudus. Annulus superus, albus, 

tenuis, angustus, reflexus, medius, simplex. Caro subcrassa, alba, in 

basi stipitis lutescens, odore amygdalino. 

Sporae acervatim fuscae, ovatae, uniguttulatae, 4-5 X 3-3.5p. 

Basidia 4-sterigmatica, clavata, 20-22 X 5-7p. Sterigmata 2-3p

-189 - 

longa (4p 1. in basidiis 2-sterigmatieis). Cystidia aeiei lamellarum 

numerosa, late elavata, hyalina, 20-26 X7-13p. 

Gregaria. Praecipue in hortis graminosis, in campis et in pratis 

Daniae. Aestate-autumno. 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P ile u s 2.5-5 cm, semiglobate, then flattened, 

often with anavel, silky, with light umber brown ("Wood Brown") 

centre and outside this ochre-coloured ("Honey y ellow"), or entirely 

oehre-yellow in the central portion whieh has often, in addition, a 

faint purplish tinge, round this are seen oehre yellow or light umber 

brown, weak, thin, adpressed, concentric squamules; margin white, 

naked. G i Il s free, erowded, broad, pale, then grey, finally brownish 

blaek. Edge sterile. S t e m short, 2-3.5 cm X5-7 mm, narrower 

towards base as in P. campestris, rarely eylindrieal, pithy-fistulose, 

white, beeoming ye llow ("Buff-Yellow") below the ring when touched, 

silky, naked. R i n g sheathed above, white, thin and narrow, pen 

dulous, median, simple. F l e s h rather thiek, white, turning yellow 

("Maize y ellow") at the base of the stem. S ID e Il of almonds. 

S c h åf f e r r e a c t i o n positive. 

S p o r e s ovate, 1-guttulate, 4-5 X3-3.5p. B a s i d i a 4-spored, 

elavate, 20-22 X5-7p. S t e r i g m a t a 2-3p long (4p long in 

2-spored basidia). M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, broadly ela 

vate, hyaline, 20-26 X7-13p . 

Gregarious. On lawns, in stubble fields, in meadows or in light 

woods (wdod paths), probably rare. August-October. 

Falster: Nykøbing, in garden. - Lolland: Strand meadow near 

Priorskov. - Sjælland: Soderup near Hedehusene in stubble field 

(ø. W i n g e) ; Hesede P lantage in wood path under deeiduous trees; 

Tisvildeleje on the sand of the shore (M o r t e n L a n g e). 

5. Psalliota dulcidula SCHULZ. 

Fig. 31. 

Kalehbrenner et Sehulzer, leon. se1. Hym, Hung., p.29, 1874. 

Syn. : . Psallioia dulcidula Schulz. sensu Lange, Studies VI, p. 11, 1926; 

F1. Ag. Dan. IV, p.61, 1939; non Severin Petersen, Danske 

Agarieaeeer, p.382, 1907-1911. 

leon.: K a l c h b r e n n e r et S c h u l z e r, leon. se1. Hym. Hung., t.17, 

fig. 1, 1874. 

L a n g e, F1. Ag. Dan. IV, t. 135 C, 1939.

-190 - 

"C a p only 3 cm broad, conic-convex, then expanding and somewhat 

umbonate, umbo comparatively fleshy. The fundamental colour 

of the cap is white (slightly brownish in the middle), but it is everywhere 

(rather sparsely) set with minute, innate, silky, dark purplishbrown 

fibrils (especially in the centre). The g i Il s are narrow 

(2 mm), pallid grey, with a slight flush of brown. The s t e m is 

4-·5 cm X 2 mm (base swollen to about 5 mm) , slightly fibrillosesquamulose, 

whitish (yellow to touch) with yellowish f l e s h and 

a rather narrow, thin r i n g. The smallest of our Psalliotas, well 

characterized by the umbonate capo - P. minima Rick. differs in 

having broad, ventricose gills. 

S P o r e s broadly ovate, 5 X 3.5 p . B a s i d i a 4-spored. S t e r il e 

c e Il s obovate spheric, about 10 p broad. 

Fyn: Erholm, near Arup, solitary in wood of Fagus and Picea, 

Sept. 1913." 

The above description is copied verbatim from J. E. L an g e, 

Studies in the Agarics of Denmark VI, p. 11, 1926, this being a 

fuller description than that of L a n g e's latest work, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, 

p.61, 1939. L a n g e's species has also been found in Jægersborg 

Dyrehave (Sjælland) by J. P. J e n s e n, and in Bohemia by K. Ku l t, 

Prague (in lit.). 

For comparison I give the original pieture of P. dulcidula (see 

fig. 31). The Hungarian mycologist K a l m ar says (in lit. 28/3 1950) 

that neither he nor any other now living Hungarian investigators 

Fig. 31. Psalliota dulcidula Schulz. 

Sketch executed after Kalchbrenner et Schulzer's figures (1:1).

- 191 - 

have found P . tiul cuiula, and that they only know it from S c h u 1z 

e r 's description. K o n r a d & M a u b l a n c regard both this species 

and P. sagat a Fr. as "E speces douteuses ou mal connues." The figure 

of P . sag ata in Flora Dan., t. 1008, fig. 2, is more like a Pholiota than 

a Psalliota. 

6. Psalliota xantholepis sp . n. 

P lates XXI c a nd XXXVI. 

D i a g n o s i s. Pileus 3-5 cm , hemisphaericus, dein expansus, 

sericeo-ni tens, initio omnino argillaceus, mox in fundo albo squamosus, 

squamis pilosis , a r gillaeeis , dispersis, adpr essis, centro sine squam 

is . Lamell ae liberae, confer t a e, sat latae, e pallidis einereae, denique 

fuseae , acie sterili. Stipes 4-5 cm X 10 mm, cylindricus, ad basim 

bulbosus, bulbo rotundato, usque ad 15 mm lato, cavus, albus, tactu 

lutescens, sericeo-nitens, nudus. Annulus superus, albus, membranaceus, 

saep e laceratus, simplex. Caro tenuis, alba, postremo in stipite 

lutescens, odore amygdalino. 

Sporae acervatim fuseae, ovatae, uniguttulatae, 4-5.5 X 31-'. Basidia 

4-sterigmatica, clavata, 18-20 X 5-61-'. Sterigmata 2.5 I-' longa. 

Cyst idia aciei lamellarum numerosa, late clavata, 16-30 X 6-111-'. 

Gregaria in silva abiegna (Abies) Daniae semel lecta. Autumno. 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 3-5 cm, semiglobate, then expanded, 

silky, at first argillaceous ( "Aniline Yellow"), but very soon the 

pellicle breaks up into a dpr essed, argillaceous, sparse, fibrillose 

scales , between which the white ground peeps out. In the centre of 

the cap, however, the pellicle is unbroken. G i Il s free, crowded, 

rather broad, paIe, then grey, without a tinge of red, finally dark. 

Edge sterile. S t e m 4-5 cm X 10 mm, cylindric, with round, bulbous 

base (up to 15 mm broad) ; hollow, white, becoming argillaceous on 

pressure ("Primuline Yellow"), silky, naked. R i n g sheathed above, 

white, membranaceous, often torn and with bits left on the edge 

of cap and on the stem, simple. F l e s h thin, white, becoming yellow 

( "Primuline Yellow") in the stem with age. S m e Il of almonds. 

S c h å f f e r r e a c t i o n positive. 

S p o r e s ovate, l-guttulate, 4-5.5 X 3I-' . B a s i d i a 4-spored, 

clavate, 18-20 X 5-61-'. Sterigmata 2.51-' long. Marginal 

c y s t i d i a numerous, shortly clavate, 16--30 X 6-111-' . 

Found in a small group under Abies on needles. Rare. October. 

Lolland: Fuglsang Storskov 1949. 

The above se ems to be a good species .

- 192- 

7. Psalliota luteo-maculata sp. n. 

Plate XXI b . 

D i a g n o s i s. Pileus 3-4 cm, hemisphaericus, dein expansus, 

sericeo-nitens, stramineus, medio purpureo-tincto, tactu illico luteus, 

sub lente minute flocculosus, margine dentato-appendiculato. Lamellae 

liberae, confertae, sat latae, e pallidis einereae, tandem fuseae, 

acie sterili. Stipes 3-4 cm X 5-7 mm, cylindricus, ad basim abrupte 

bulbosus, bulbo usque ad 13 mm lato, medullato-fistulosus, albus, 

tactu illico lutescens, sericeo-nitens, sub annulo minute flocculosus 

ut in pileo. Annulus superus, albus, tenuis, 4-5 mm latus, reflexus, 

simplex. Caro subtenuis, alba, mox lutescens, odore amygdalino. 

Sporae acervatim fuseae, ovatae, uniguttulatae, 5.5-6 X3.75-4,u. 

Basidia 4-sterigmatica, clavata, 22 X'l u . Cystidia aciei lamellarum 

numerosa, vesiculosa, 16-24 X 10-15,u. 

Subgregaria, in silva abiegna (Picea) Daniae semelleeta. Augusto. 

Differt a P. semoia, cui persimilis est, stipite curtiore, pileo et 

stipite minute flocculosis, sporis maioribus. 

D e s c r i p t i o n. P i l e u s 3-4 cm, semiglobate, then flattened, 

silky, straw yellow ("Straw Yellow") with purplish brown ("Vinaceous-Brown") 

centre, turning dark yellow on the slightest touch 

("Apricot Yellow"), under the lens minutely flocculose. At the 

margin small teeth from the veil. G i Il s free, crowded, rather 

broad, pale, later grey, finally dark. Edge sterile. S t e m 3-4 cm X 

5-7 mm, cylindrical with a somewhat marginate, suddenly swelling, 

bulbous base, up to 13 mm broad; pithy-hollow, white, but becoming 

deep yellow on the least touch ("Apricot Yellow") , silky, under the 

lens minutely floccose in the portion under the ring. R i n g sheathed 

ab ove , white, thin, 4--5 mm broad, obliquely pendulous, simple. 

F l e s h somewhat thin, white, soon becoming deep lemon yellow 

("Apricot Yellow") both in the cap and stem. S m e Il almond-like. 

S c h å f f e r r e a c t i o n positive. 

Spores ovate, l-guttulate, 5.5-6 X3.75-4,u. Basidia 4spored, 

clavate, 22 X 'l u . M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, balloonshaped, 

16-24X10-15,u. 

Found once in a small group under Picea among needles. Rare. 

August. 

Lolland: Fuglsang Storskov (1937) .

- 194- 

4 cm X4-5 mm, base clavate, up to 10 mm thick, often ascending, 

with narrow tube, white, becoming yellow ("Wax Yellow") when 

touched, silky, naked. R i n g sheathed above, white, very thin, c. 1 

3 mm broad, placed just above the middle of the stem, simple. F l e s h 

thin, white, turning yellow ("Wax Yellow") with age at the base of 

the stem. S m e Il like almonds. S c h af f e r r e a c t i o n positive. 

S p o r e p o w d e r brownish black ( "Bone Brown"; L. c 3; S. 117). 

Spores ovate, l-guttulate, 4-5 X3-3.75p. Basidia 4 

spored, clavate, 17-21 X6p (2-spored basidia up to 32 X6.25p). 

M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, balloon-shaped, hyaline, 17-25 X 

10-13p. 

Solitary or two or three individuals together under Picea among 

needles, Rare. July-s-September. 

Falster: Nykøbing Vesterskov 1921-1922 and 1926-1927. 

Fyn: "Nye Have" near Hesselager (J. E. L ,ange). - Jylland: 

Frederikshåb Plantage (P. L a r s e n). - Lolland: Flintinge Byskov. 

This pretty Iittle species does not agree entirely with the descrip 

tion of P. amethystina Quel. so it has been given a new name. In 

France it has been identified with P. rubelle. Gill., but the latter is 

more squamulose and larger and has the same bulbous base as P. se 

mota. Q u e l e t's species is probably identical with P. sernota Fr. 

sensu Ricken, LundelI (see under P. sernota Fr.). 

Ag. cinchonensis Murr. and Ag. rhopalopodius Pat. seem closely 

related. 

9. Psalliota semota FR. 

Plate XXXVII. 

F r i e s, Monogr. Hym. Sueciae II, p.347, 1863. 

Syn.: Pratella rubella Gill., Champ., p.565, 1878. 

amethystina Quel., Fl. mycol., p.71, 1888. 

Psalliota silvatica (Schaeff.) Fr. var. am ethystina Quel., As 

soc. Franc., p. 4, 1884. 

sagata Fr. sensu Cooke, Illustr., t.968, no. 1177, 1881 

-1891. 

semota Fr. sensu Ricken, Blåtterp., p.238, 1912. 

semota Fr. sensu Nannf. & Lund., Fungi exsicc., no. 

924, 1941. 

rubella (Gill.) f. pallens Lange, Studies VI, p.10, 

1926. 

pallens (Lange) Rea, Appendix II to Brit. Bas., p.37, 

1932.

- 195- 

Icon.: G i Il e t, Champ., t.102, 1878. 

R i c k e n, Blåtterp., t. 62, fig. 3, 1912. 

L a n g e, Fl. Ag. Dan. IV, t . 137 A, 1939. 

P i l e u s 3-5 cm, semiglobate, then expanded and subumbonat e, 

silky, at first whitish, but soon with minute, lilac squamules in centre 

("Dark Vinaceous") and with minute, vinaceous ("Purplish 

Vinaceous"), radial fibrils from the centre out towards the white 

margin, at length becoming yellow and somewhat greyish, so that 

the delicate colours pass into a dirty mixture of more or less brick 

red ("Testaceous" or "Micado Brown"). G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, 

particularly towards the stem, pale, then grey with a pink tinge 

("PaIe Vinaceous Drab"), at length blackish brown. Edge sterile. 

S t e m rather tall, 4-6 cm X6-8 mm, thieker towards base and 

there abruptly swollen, roundish or somewhat flattened, up to 15 mm 

broad, bulbous base; hollow, white, the base turning ochre yellow 

( "Yellow Ochre") with age or when bruised, silky, naked. R i n g 

sheathed above, white, gradually yellow, thin, weak, narrow, at first 

erect, then obliquely pendulous, placed high, simple. F l e s h thin, 

whitish, soon ochre yellow at the base of stem. S m e Il of almonds. 

S c h af f e r r e a c t i o n positive. S p o r e po w d e r blackish brown 

("Mummy Brown"; L. g 8; S. 701). 

S p o r e s ovate, 1-guttulate, 4-5 X 2.5-3.5p. B a s i d i a 4spored, 

clavate, 14-20 X 4.5-6p, with s te r i gm a t a 2p long. 

M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, balloon- to pear-shaped, hyaline 

or brownish, 12-26 X 8-14p, mostly 12p broad. 

In small groups, often under Picea, but sometimes in deciduous 

woods or in meadows. Not common. August-October. 

Bornholm: Deciduous wood near Blykobbe station. - Falster: 

Korselitze-Skovene; Lindeskoven near Nykøbing; Søndre Kohave 

near Nykøbing. - Jylland: Frøslev Plantage. - Lolland: Fuglsang 

Storskov; Storskoven near Guldborg; Lindeskoven near Vindeholme ; 

Ravnsby Hestehave. - Sjælland: Palme Vænge near Fuglebjerg; 

Vestfjed on Glænø (among grass without trees). 

This species is very much like Pi luteo-maculata, but has a shining, 

smooth cap, and like P. purpurella, which is smaller and deeper 

eoloured. 

All modern authors consider F r i e s's figure of P. semotti (Icon, 

sel., t.131, fig. 1) unsatisfactory. As his deseription also does not 

seem to eorrespond very well to any known species of this group, 

13*

- 196- 

it is understandable that recent authors have not been able to 

identify the species, and it has been given other names (see list of 

synonyms). However, the excellent Swedish mycologist S e t h L u n 

d e Il, who has devoted considerable effort to the clearing up of the 

Friesian species, regards the above-described species as the genuine 

P. semota Fr., an interpretation which, incidentally, was first put 

forward by R i c k e n, and holds that P. rub ella f. pallens Lange 

is synonymous with that species. Q u el e t describes P. amethystina 

as having a "subbulbeux" stem and the cap "blanc avec le centre 

rose, lilacin ou amethyste". As synonymous with P. amethystina he 

further cites P. rubella sensu Rich. et Roze, Atl. Champ. Fr., t. XVIII, 

figs.1-5; these figures, however, are merely free copies of G i Il e t's 

plate representing P. rubella Gill. (t. 102, 1878), as in faet R i c h o n 

et R o z e themselves state in the text. In 1884 Q u el e t regarded 

P. rubella Gill. as a form of P. rusiophylla Lasch, later (1888, Fl. 

myc.) as belonging to P. silvatica) to the latter of which he had 

originally (1884) referred P. amethsjstina, too, as avariety. Comparing 

all this with Q u el e t's description of P. amethystina the present 

author has come to the conc1usion that this species must be synonymous 

with the species interpreted by L a n g e as P. rubella Gill., 

and regarded by L u n d e Il as P. sernota Fr. 

ADDITIONS 

Psalliota impudica REA 

Fig. 32. Plate XXXVIII. 

R e a, Appendix II to Brit. Bas., pp.37, 50, 1932. 

P i l e u s 4-8 cm, semiglobate, then flatly convex often with flat 

top, sometimes subumbonate, when quite small with unbroken chocolate 

brown ("Vandyke Brown" or "Warm Sepia") pellicle, but 

already early breaking up into concentric or more frequently more 

irregularly distributed larger or smaller, fibrillose scales of loose 

composition round a continuous disc in the middle, chocolate brown 

like the disc, but also clad with shaggy, brown fibrils, particularly 

towards the margin, all scales and fibrils being set off by the tomen-

-197 - 

tose, whitish ground, darkening with age. The margin has white 

velum remnants of the ring. G i Il s free, crowded, narrow, at first 

pale, then beautifully paIe pink ("PaIe Congo Pink"), at Iength 

blackish brown. Edge sterile, paIe. S t e mslender, 6-9 cm X 10 

15 mm, thicker downwards and with a roundish, bulbous base, up to 

20 mm broad, provided with Iong, branched, white myceliaI strands, 

1-1.5 mm t hick, which can connect the fruit bodies; narrowly hol 

Iow, white, but often with an adpressed membranous zone just above 

t he base, of the same brown colour a s the scales of the cap; naked 

above the ring, but otherwise everywhere fibrillose-floccose, by which 

character the species is distinguished from the brown, squamose 

species of the X anthoder ma group. R i n g sheathed above, white, 

Fig. 32. Psalliota impudi ca Rea. 

Sketch drawn a fter a watercolour by Mrs. V i o l e t A s t l e y - C o o p e r 

(1:1).

-198 - 

thin, broad, placed high, simple, without scales on the underside. 

F l e s h somewhat thin, when br oken flushing slightly in the stem 

("Shell Pink"). Sm e Il on frietion as of Lepiota cristata or Lycoperdon. 

S c h af f e r r e a c t i on negative. Sp o r e p o w d e r blackish 

brown ("Mummy Brown"; L. g 8; S. 701). 

S p o r e s ovate, l-guttulate, 4.5-5 X 3p. B a s i d i a 4-spored, clavate, 

23-26 X 6p. S t e r i g m a t a 2-3p long. M a r g i n a l c y s t i 

d i a numerous, tufted, globose to balloon-shaped, 12-20 X 10-16p. 

In dense groups, growing in loose, black mould under coniferous 

trees. Rare. September-October. 

Fyn: Wood near Brændegård Sø (Vald. Pedersen, Frede 

T e r k e l s e n). 

The above-described species has been referred to P. impudica 

Rea, particularly because of the resemblance to a watercolour (see 

fig.32) lent to the author and executed by R e a's daughter, Mrs. 

V i o l e t A s t l e y - C o o p e r (see Danish Psalliota Species, Friesia 

IV, p.33, 1950). But R e a's description too agrees with it in its 

broad features. However, the flesh flushes somewhat (R e a has: 

flesh persistently white), and the long mycelial strands referred to 

above are not mentioned by Re a, nor are the marginal cystidia. 

an the other hand, the dimensions of the spores agree (R e a: 4-5 

X 3 p ) . 

P. v.ariegata· has persistently lighter brown spore powder (reexamined 

when P. impudica was found). It grows among needles, 

while the above-described species was found on loose mould into 

which the thick mycelial strands branch similarly as in Collybia 

platyphylla. Further the cap of P. variegata has more contrasting 

colours owing to the sparse, brown scales on the white ground, while 

in P. impudica the space between the larger scales is partly filled 

with smaller ones, so that the scales are les s conspicuous. Nevertheless 

the two species are closely allied. P. silvatica has strongly flushing 

flesh and P. phaeolepuiota has an entirely naked stem and belongs 

to the Xanthoderma group. The short-stemmed P. lanipes has quite 

another habit and turns a deeper red. 

F r e d e T e r k e l s e n, who sent the author numerous fruit bodies 

in two lar ge batches, states that owing to the disagreeable cristatasmell 

he felt disinclined to eat it. The smell, which it has in common 

with P. varieqata, is no doubt also a good distinguishing character 

when you have to separate these two in nature from other species 

of the Silvatica group.

- 199 - 

Fig. 33. Psalliota arenicola Wakef . et P ea r s. 

Above: Figur es drawn from natur e (1 :2); below: Figures executed a ft er 

Mr. A . A. P e a r s o n's watercolour (c . 2: 3 ). 

Psalliota arenicola W AltEFIELD et P EARSON 

Fig. 33 . 

A. A. P e a r s o n, New Records and Observations III in Trans. Brit. 

Myc. Soc. 29, Part 4, p. 205, 1946. 

P i l e u s 3-5 cm, convex, silky , white or sli ghtly ye llowish white, 

naked, margin with weak, denticulate velum zone. G i Il s free, 

crowded, comparatively broad, pale flesh colour ("PaIe Cinnamon 

Pink"), at length dark with sterile, paIe edge. S t e m comparatively 

long, 4-5 cm X 5-10 mm, subcylindrical or sorn ewhat thinner downwards 

just above the small, bulbous base, half buried in blown sand, 

densely pithy or partly with a thin tube, slightly flesh colour above

- 200 - 

Fig. 34. Agaricus campestris A. edulis Vitt. 

Sketch executed after V i t t a d i il i's good figures (c . 3:4). 

the ring ("PaIe Pinkish Buff") , pure white below the ring, covered 

with silky fibrils. R i n g peronate, very narrow, erect, forming the 

termination of a membranaceous sheath running to the base of the 

stem. As in P. eduZis a lower, smaller ring may also occur, or slight 

remains of one. F l e s h thin, white, slightly flesh-coloured in stem 

("PaIe Flesh Color"). S m e Il weak, acidulous. S p o l' e p o w d e r 

brownish black ("Bone Brown" ; L. c 3; S. 117). 

Spores roundish oval, 1-2-guttulate, 6.5-7 X4.75-5p (c. 

5 p.c.: 8 X6p) . Basidia 4-spored, clavate, 20-24X6-7p. Ster 

i g m a t a 3.5 p lon g. M a r g i n a l c y s t i d i a numerous, tufted, 

clavate, hyaline, later brown, 36-50 X 10-13p.

201 - 

Small group in blown sand, 29ho 1950. 

Glænø, Vestfjed. 

The above-described fungus, which requires further st udy, is very 

closely allied to P . edulis, t hough it ismore like a P . cam pestris. It 

is probably identical wit h t he one deser ibed in 1946 by P e a r s o n 

and W a k e f i e l d as an in dependent species, found in North Devon 

by F . R. Elliston W r i ght, as at Glæn ø deeply buried in sand 

and gr owing late in t he ye ar. 

In habit it differs greatly from P. edulis (see fig. 34 ), the latter 

being much large r besides having a short, t hick stem, a more well 

developed velum, t he margin of the cap gr eatl y inv olute, the gills 

very narrow, and the fl esh t hi ck and firm. The poor, sandy soil 

together with the la te occur r ence and bleak win d are probably 

r esponsible for the form of this easily content ed plant. 

Psalliota squamulifera 

Plate XXXX. 

After receivmg from Als (Pøl near Skovby, F r e d e T e r k e Is 

e n) in 1950 giant fruit bodies of P. squamulifera with a cap diameter 

of 18 cm and fle sh a couple of cm thick in the cap, the aut hor formed 

the conjecture that this species must be id entical with P. ex serta 

(Viv.) sensu Rea, non Viviani (figured by R e a in Tr. Brit. Myc. Soc. 

3, t. 15) , and after correspondence with A. A. P e a r s o n this hypothesis 

was strengthen ed. Mr. P e a r s o n wrote: "Yes, I think that 

P. squamulifera is the same as P. exserta sensu Rea. Your sketch is 

almost exactly like the one I made 20. Oet. 1938; gr owing among 

grass on chalk soil. The spores in mass are dark umber brown 

(Bister of Ridgway) which is very near to Mummy Brown." Miss 

E. M. Wa k ef i e l d writes: "I think I have your P. squamulifera 

in three examples from this country, - two from pastures and the 

other from a mixed wood. In all three there is the dentate ring, the 

minutely scaly pileus, floccose st em and flesh of stem reddening 

above from outside inwards. Spores and cystidia agree." 

It now seems certain that P. Benesii does not occur in Denmark, 

since the form that J . S c h af f e r mentions from Lolland (Ann. 

Myc., 36, p.82, 1938) was P. squamulifera to which al so the other 

supposed finds of P. Benesii (Friesia IV, p.23, 1950) must be referred. 

According to the Iocality and the weather P. squamulifera 

varies in the tallness of the stem and in being more or less squamulous

- 202- 

on the capo As a rule it has short, thick and solid stem and in moist 

weather it looks as shown in figure 6 (Friesia IV, p. 22, 1950), but 

in dry weather the pellicle cracks so that numerous light brownish 

("Avellaneous" to "Wood-Br own") squamules are seen on a pallid 

ground. The ste m mayaIso be fistulous, especiaIly when it is high. 

Except ionally it occurs in dec iduous woods (Boserup Skov, 1950, 

J. P . J e n s e n ). H a n s H e l b o, Skovby, Als, has in 1951 sent from 

P øl a young, high-stemmed specimen with strongly brown-squamulose 

cap (the same mycelium, from which F r. T e r k e I s e n the year 

before gathered the above-mentioned giant fruit bodies with normal 

st em-height and lighter, less squamulose cap ) . 

Psalliota haemorrhoidaria 

I take occasion to point out that the photograph of this species 

(see Plate XIV) shows slender fruit bo dies and does not convey a 

correct impr ession, seeing that normally it has a broader cap in 

proportion t o t he height of the stem. 

Occurrences of the New Species 

Since the publication of the first part of "Danish Psalliota Species 

" various European mycologists have kindly informed me of 

presumed occurrences of some of the new species erected, thus of 

Psalliota aesiiuali«, P. altipes (from Tirol, M e i n h a r d M o s e r, 

Innsbruck), P. cupreo-brunnea (from England, Miss E. M. W a k e 

f i e I d, Kew Garden), P. squamulifera (from England, A. A. P e a rs 

o n, Miss E. M. W a k e f i e I d) , P. variegata (from Tirol, M e i n 

hard Moser and from England, A. F. Parker-Rhodes, Cambridge). 

Psalliota contra Agaricus 

Since certain mycologists have maintained that the legitimate 

name of the genus is Agaricus and not Psalliota - a name which, 

however, is still widely used and which, in contrast with the generic 

name Aqaricus, is both an unambiguous term (see International 

Rules of Botanical Nomenclature, Art. 4-5) and a characteristic 

name, the author, in order to meet the wishes of the mycologists

- 203 - 

who use the name Agaricus) and at the same time to proteet his 

priority to the new species deseribed in "Danish Psalliota Species" 

etc. wishes to transfer these to Agaricus. But it will also be necessary, 

as it would not otherwise have been (see the same Rules, Art. 27, 

Rec. XVg), to alter a few names which have previously been attached 

as specific names to the genus Agaricus in an extended sense. This 

applies to the folIowing species and varieties: 

Agaricus edulis Vitt. var. validus n. n. Syn. Psalliota edulis var. valida 

Møll. - Friesia IV, p.14, 1950. 

maleolens n. n. Syn. Psalliota ingrata Møll. - Ibid., p.17. 

squamuliferus n. n. Syn. Psalliota squamulifera Møll. 

Ibid., p. 21. 

depauperatus n. n. Syn. Psalliota depauperata Møll. - Ibid., 

p.24. - 

lanipes (Møll. et Schliff.) n. n. Syn. Psalliota lanipes Møll. 

et Schåff'. - Ibid., p. 25. 

lanipes (Møll. et Schåff.) n. n. var. verecundus n. n. Syn. 

Psalliota lanipes var. verecunda Møll. - Ibid., p. 26. 

fusco-fibrillosus n. n. Syn. Psalliota fusco-fibrillosa Møn . 

Ibid., p.27. 

Langei n. n. Syn. Psalliota Lanqei Møll. - Ibid., p. 28. 

mediofuscus n. n. Syn. Psalliota mediofusca Møn. - Ibid., 

p.30. 

variegans n. n. Syn. Psalliota variegata Møll. - Ibid., p. 31. 

silvaticus (Schaeff.) Fr. var. pallidus n. n. Syn. Psalliota 

silvatica var. pallida Møll. - Ibid., p.38. 

silvaticus (Schaeff.) Fr. var. saturntus n. n. Syn. Psalliota 

silvatica var. saturata Møn. - Ibid., p. 38. 

silvaticus (Schaeff.) Fr. var. jusco-squamaius n. n. Syn. 

Psalliota silvatica var. [usco-squamaia Møll. - Ibid., 

p.39. 

spissicaulis n. n. Syn. Psalliota spissa Møll. - Ibid., p.43. 

altipes n. n. Syn. Psalliota altipes Møn. - Ibid., p. 46. 

decoratus n. n. Syn. Psalliota decorata Møn . - Ibid., p. 48. 

aestivalis n. n. Syn. Psalliota aestivalis Møn. - Ibid., p.50. 

aestivalis n. n. var. flavotactus n. n. Syn. Psalliota aestivalis 

var. flavotacta Møll. - Ibid., p. 51. 

livido-nitidus n. n. Syn. Psalliota livido-nitida Møn. - Ibid., 

p.51.

- 204- 

Agaricus porphyrocephaZus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota porphyrea Møn. 

Ibid., p. 53. 

cup re o-brunneus (Schåff'. et S t eer) n. n. Syn . Ps aZZiota cupreo-brunnea. 

- Ibid. , p.54. 

campestris (L.) Fr. f. substeriZis n. n. Syn. Psalliota campestris 

f. substeriZis Møn. - Ibid., p. 56. 

campestris (L.) Fr. var. equesiris n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota campestris 

var. equestris Møll. - Ib id., p.57. 

campestris (L.) F r . var. [loccipes n. n. Syn. PsaZZiot a campestris 

var. [ loccupes Møll. - Ibid., p.57. 

campestris (L.) Fr. var. fusco-piZoseZZus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota 

campestris var. fusco-piZoseZZa Møll. - Ibid., p. 58 . 

campestris (L.) Fr. var. isabeZZinus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota 

campestris var. isabeZZina Møn. - Ibid., p.60. 

tenuivoZvatus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota t enuivoZvata Møll. 

FriesiaIV, p. 149, 1951. 

macrocarpus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota macrocarpa Møll. - Ibid., 

p.153. 

nivescens n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota nivesce ns Møll. - Ibid., p. 155. 

nivescens n. n . var. par kensis n. n. Syn. Psalliota nivescens 

var. parkensis Møn. - Ibid., p. 158. 

Zeucotrichus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota Zeucotricha Møn. - Ibid., 

p.159. 

fissuratus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota jissurata Møll. - Ibid., p. 165. 

phaeoZepidotus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota phaeoZepiclota Møll. 

Ibid., p.170. 

stramineus (Møll. et Schåff'.) n. n. Sy n. PsaZZiota straminea 

Møll. et Schåff. - Ibid., p. 177. 

exceZZens n. n. Syn. Ps aZZiota exeellens Møn. - Ibid., p. 178. 

macrosporus (Møll. et Schaff.) n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota macrospora 

(Møn. et Schåff.) Møn. - Ibid., p.181. 

lutosus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota Zutosa Møll. - Ibid., p .188. 

xan t hoZe pis n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota xanthoZepis Møll. - Ibid., 

p.191. 

Zuteo-macuZatus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota Zuteo-mc:cuZata Møll . 

Ibid., p. 192. 

purpureZZus n. n. Syn. PsaZZiota purpureZZa Møll. - Ibid., 

p. 193.

- 205 - 

CONCLUDING REMARKS 

The preparation of this Danish monograph has by no means been 

easy - mistakes can hardly be avoided, particularly owing to the 

many closely r elated "miner species" but al so because so much uncertainty 

prevails in the literature, especially as to the interpretation 

of the earlier species. In addition to giving descriptions and figures 

of as many Danish species as possible, stress has been laid on clearing 

up certain literary questions, amongst other things by reproducing 

original illustrations in black of critical species, for the aid 

of future investigators ; and by giving a full list of the literature it 

has been intended to en courage PsaZliota investigators to go more 

thoroughly into the subjects which it has not been possible to inelude 

in this survey. The author has been most glad to notice the lively 

interest and generous help which has been accorded to t his work 

from various quarters. A great aid to future study of the difficult 

genus for which a foundation has now been laid in Denmark and 

the neighbouring countries, is the abundant material of illustrations 

for which the expenses have been defrayed by the Carlsberg Foundation 

and the Rask-Ørsted Foundation, and with which not a few 

mycologists in different parts of the world have aiready expr essed 

their satisfaction. But also "F or eningen til Svampekundskabens 

Fremme" (S ociety for the Advance of the Knowledge of Fungi) has 

shown great generosity at a time when all printing has become very 

expensive. All the eage r co-operators at home and abroad deserve 

warm thanks. Besides those already r eferred to I may mention 

amongst others G u s t a v H a g l u n d, Stockholm (literature) , R og 

e r H e i m , Paris (literature) , and S e t h L u n d e Il, Uppsala 

(dried material, literature), as well as Miss A n n i e 1. F a u s b ø Il, 

Copenhagen (trans lation into English). 

Nykøbing Falster, August 1. 1951. 

POSTSCRIPT 

Comment on a new Monograph on the Bohemian Psalliotae 

While the last part of my Psalliota monograph was passing through 

the press I received Pilat's excellent, beautiful and interesting book: 

"The Bohemian Species of the Genus Agaricus", Praha 1951. On the 

whole I agree with him, and I think I can say that the two works

- 206 - 

are complementary t o one another. H owever, I should like to make 

some comments on some of the cases where P i l at ex presses 

opinions contrary to mine or for the purpose of elucidating my own 

finds or descriptions. 

p. 16, line 8 from below and p. 30, line 6 (in P i l il t's monograph) : 

P. Bernardii sensu Rea belengs to the Macrospora-group. 

p. 16, line 1 from below: P. urinascens is probably only a form of 

P . m acr ospora. 

p. 17, line 10: In 1950 Mr. R. R y d b e r g said to me that P. in 

grata is different from P . aZgodora. 

p. 18, line 11 and p. 49, line 3: P. subfloccosa (depicted in plate 

XXXIX) is quite distinct from P. bispora. 

p. 19, line 3: Ag. CaroZi Pililt is a synonym of P. squamuZifera (see 

below). 

p. 21, line 31 and p. 77, line 9 f r om below: A g. augustus sensu Vel. 

is probably identical with P . exeell ens . 

p. 22, line 16 from below : Erratum: P . sagata sensu Ri ck . has sp. 

5-6 X 3- 4p . 

p. 36, line 7: B r e s a d o l a's plate can also be interpreted as a 

pallid P . bispora with a wrongly drawn ring. 

p. 37, line 2: C o o k e's t.527 is more like P. bispora sensu Pil åt. 

p. 51, lines 20-24: L a n g e has lat er (F l. Ag. Dan. 1939) abandoned 

this view. 

p. 51, line 27: B o u d i e r has figured Ag. viZZat i cus sensu Pilåt 

under the name of P. eZvensis (see my remarks on P. augusta). 

p. 51, line 14 from be low: I do not think that P . macrospora is 

ident ic with P . augusta sensu Smith, because S m i t h's description 

(1940) shows that he interprets P. augusta F r. correctly. 

p. 58, line 10 from below: The form found in Lolland was P . squamuZifera. 

My figure 6 was drawn from nature after a specimen 

from t he same wood (Sæbyholm Skov). 

p. 62, line 5: I am sorry to say t hat Ag. CaroZi is id ent ical wit h my 

P . squamuZifera. Later examinations in 1950-1951 t old m e 

that t he loose cover ing of sq uamules on t he cap ear ly disappears 

and in dr y weather the pellicle of t he cap cracks into 

m ore or less brownish squamules like t hose which P i l at's 

colour ed plate and his photos exhibit. 

p. 79 , line 12: Yes, the plate in Mykologia r epresent s P. macrospora.

- 207 - 

p. 79, lines 16-22: L a n g e's P . »iliatica has also a malodorous 

smell (see my description of P. macrospora) and P. urinaseens 

is a synonym t o P. -macros pora, 

p. 79, lines 23-35. S m i t h (1940) interprets P . augusta Fr. correctly 

and a ccor ding ly he does not describe P . macrospore 

under the name of P . augusta Fr. He also writes (1940) that 

under t he name of Ag. villaticus (fig.8) and Ag. perrarus 

(fig.9) H o t s o n & S t u n t z depict, in both cases, P. auqusia, 

(However, fig. 8 is more probably P. m acrospora ). Ag. 

crocodiZinus Murr. deviates from P . macrospora in the folIowing 

characte rs : "No yellow color noted at an y stage either 

when wet or dry (the cap) .. . "fl esh unchanging".. . "stipe 

unchanging when bruised." (Smith 1940). 

p. 79, line 5 from below to p.80, line 7: PIe ase see my remarks 

under P. straminea. 

p. 80, line 8 : Ag. cretaceus sensu Pilåt is probably P. arvensis sensu 

Lan ge, sensu J. Schåffer and sensu Møller. It eannot be 

deni ed that F r i e s's plate in AtI. Svampar (executed by 

E. P e t t e r s o n, E. F r i e s direx.) represents L epiota 

naucina and therefore it is better not to use the name P. 

creiacea. 

p. 81, line 18 from below: Ag. osecomus is almost identic with P. 

nivescens which however has smaller spores. 

p. 83, line 6 from below: My P. leucotricha has smaller spores than 

Ag. arvensis sensu Pilå t . P. arvensis subsp. ex quisita sensu 

J. Schåffer, which Schåff'er and I have collected in a meadow 

near Potsdam, is not P i l å t's Ag. arvensis. 

p. 87, line 8 from below: Ag. arvensis v. macrolepis must not be 

confounded with P. [issurata which among other things has 

no flattened bulb at the base of the stem. 

p. 90, line 8 from below: P i l å t unites P. abruptibuZba and P. siZvi 

cola. 

p. 96, line 5 from below: It seems as if P i l at under Ag. rubellus 

also ineludes P . purpurascens (Cooke), see fig. 54, p. 96. P . 

rubelle (Gill.) is a much smaller species. 

p. 99, line 6 from below: Under Ag. semotus P i l å t also describes 

other forms than P . amethystina sensu Lange. 

p.102, line 12 from below: Ag. subruiescens (Peck) is neither found 

in Denmark nor in England (see S m i t h 1940 and P e a rs 

o n & D e n n i s: Revised List, 1949).

- 208 - 

p.103, line 8 from below: The large spores separate Ag. chionodermus 

from P. aestivalis and P. altipes (Crampestris-group). 

p.112, line 17 f rom below: P. xanthoderma v. obscur aia Maire is 

perhaps, as P i l ti. t thinks, a dark, squamosely eraeked form 

of P. xanthoderma and in that ease P . meleagris v. obscurata 

in my inter pretation must be given another name. I propose : 

Psalliota meleagris var . terricolor (or A garicus meleagris var. 

terricolor ). 

Dia gnosi s : A t ypo differt pileo fere ni gro-squamoso (ut in 

Tricholomat e terreo sensu Lange) , lamellis angustioribus, pallidioribus, 

st ipite t aetu tantum flavo-maculato. Sporae 5 X 31' , 

basidia 18-22 X 5.5-61' , eystidia vesieulosa, 15-18 X 8-121'. 

E R R A T A I N P A R T I (F R I E S I A I V, 1950) 

p. 4, fig. 1 and p. 5, fi g . 2: Spores (500 :1) and eystidia (250 :1). 

Read : Spores (1000 :1 ) and eystidia (500 :1). 

p. 7, fig. 3 : Spores (500 :1). 

Read: Spores (1000 :1) . 

p. 8, line 25: Ring sheated above. 

Read: Ring sheathed above. 

p. 10, line 18 and line 19: Ftihrer f. Pilzkunde. 

Read: Fiihrer f . Pilzfreunde. 

p.14, line 24: Clavus Hym. 

Read : Clavis H ym, 

p.28, line 28; p. 30 , line 1; p. 33, line 26 and line 29 ; plate XIV: 

Psalliota haemorrhoidaria (Kalehbr. et Sehulz.) Fr. 

Read: Psalliota haemorrhouiarui Sehulz. (See Kalehbr. et 

Sehulz., leon. gel. Hym. Hung., p. 29). 

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Baar, Paul: Un genr e embrouille en mycologie , le genre P salliot a. Fr. BuH 

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- 211- 

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14*

- 212- 

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- 213 - 

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Bull. Torr. Club. 26: 66-68. 1899. 

sen. Torr. Club. 27 : 16. 1900. 

Bun. Torr. Club. 29: 73. 1902. 

Bun. Torr. Club. 31: 180-181. 1904. 

sen. Torr. Club . 34: 347-348. 1907. 

Bu n. Torr. Club. 36: 335-336. 1909. 

Pers oon, C. H.: Commentarius D. J acobi Christiani Scha eff 

e r i Fungorum Bavariae indigenorum icones picta s. Erlangae 

1800.

- 214- 

Persson, C. H.: Synopsis methodica fungorum. Gottingen 1801. 

Petersen, Severin: Danske Agaricaceer. København 1907-1911. 

Pilåt, A.: Additamenta ad floram Asiae Minoris Hymenomycetum. Pars 

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: Psalliota Bernardii Quelet a Psalliota Benesi sp. n. 

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Mykolo 

: Velenovskyi species novae Basidiomycetum quas in opere 

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BuH. Soc. 

Pray, Leon L.: Common mushrooms. 

Leafl. 18. 1936. 

Field Museum of Natural History. 

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: Quelques especes nouvelles de champignons (6. supp.). 

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Bull. 

: Quelques especes critiques du nouvelles de la flore mycologique 

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Rea, C.: New and rare British fungi. 

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Transact. Brit. Myc. Soc. 3: 285-286 

: British Basidiomycetae. 1922. 

: Appendix I to British Basidiomycetae. 

Soc. 12: 205-230. 1927. 

Transaet. Brit. Myc. 

: Appendix II to British Basidiomycetae. Ibid. 17: 35-50. 1932. 

Richon, Ch. & Roze, E.: Atlas des Champignons comestibles et veneneux 

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J Ricken, A.: Die Blatterpilze (Agaricaceae) Deutschlands. Leipzig 1915 

_ - 

(1910-15). 

: Vademecum fiir Pilzfreunde. 2. Aufl. Leipzig 1920. 

Ridgway, R.: Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D.C. 

1912. 

Ritter, Fr.: Ueber Champignons mit Karbolgeruch. 

Pilzk. 1: 17-18. 1923. 

Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. 

Roch, Maurice: Medicin- og Svampekundskab (without year of publication). 

Rolland, L.: Essai d'un calendrier des champignons comestibles des environs 

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: Adherence de I'anneau et de volve dans les Psalliotes, Psall. 

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: Atlas des champignons de France, Suisse et Belgique. 1909. 

Romagnesi, H.: Liste des champignons superieurs recueillis a Paris. Bull. 

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I

- 215- 

Rostrup, E.: Den danske Flora. 2. Del. 2. Udg . København 1925. 

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Svenska vaxte r . Kryptogamer: 258-261, 384-385). Stockholm 

1949 . 

Saccardo, P. A.: Sylloge fungorum. Vol. 5, 9, 11, 14, 16,21 & 23. 1887-1925. 

: Chromotaxia seu nomenelator colorum, 1891. 

: Flora Itali ca cr yptogama. Hymenai es seu Hymenomycetes. 

1915-1916. 

Sandblom, J. & Jonsson, S. : Våra Matsvampar , Sto ckholm 1943. 

Schaeffer, J. C. : Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam 

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Schreier, Leo: Der Perlhuhnchampignon (Psalliota melsagri s J. Schaffer) 

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16: 113-114. 1938. 

: Zum Vorkommen des Perlhuhnchampignons (Psalliota meleagris 

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Schroeter, J.: Die Pilze Schlesiens. I. Breslau 1885-1889. 

Schulzer v. Miiggenburg, St.: Mycologische Bertrage. II. Verh , zool. -bot. 

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Mycologische Bettrage. III. Ibid. 1878. Bd . 28: 423--436. 1879. 

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: Einige ne ue Pilz-species und Vartetaten aus Slavonien. 

Hedwigia 24: 129-151. 1885. 

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-29. 1925. 

: Der Tintenchampignon Psalliota me leagris n. sp. Ibid. 6: 105 

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: P salliota xanthoderma und Pequinii. Ibid. 11: 68- 75 (t. 18. 

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: Zum Scheiden-Angerling, Chitonia Pequinii. Ibid. 12: 63. 

1933 . 

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: Zur Frage de s Perlhuhnchampignons. Ibid. 16: 151-152. 

1938. 

: Psalliota, in M i c h a e l, H e n n i n g & S c h a f f e r: Fiihrer 

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Secretan, L. : Mycographie Suisse. I. Geneve 1833. 

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XXX. 1936. 

Shantz, H. L. & Pieme ise l, R. L. : Fungus fairy rings in Eastern Colorado 

and their effeet on vegetation. J ourn. Agric. Re s. 11: 191-245. 

1917.

- 216 

Singer. R.: tiber die Gattung Psalliota. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 1: 21-24. 1922. 

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Revista de Bot anica, T. 22. 1949. 

Smith, Alexander H.: Studies in the genus Agaricus. Pap. Mich. Acad. 

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: Interesting North American Agarics. Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 

71: 390-409. 1944. 

Smith, C. O.: No tes on the sp ecies of A garicus (Psalliota) of the Cha mplain 

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Smit h, W. G.: Guide to W o r t h i n g t o n S m i t h's drawings of field 

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often mistaken f or mushrooms. 1910. 

Soehner, Ert: Der Miinchner Karbolheidechampignon , P salliota meleagris 

Schff. ? Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 10: 75-79, 99-103. 1931. 

Spegazzini, C.: Fungi Argentini. Anales del Mu seo Nacional de Buenos 

Ai res 6 (ser. 2, t. 3): 81-365. 1899. 

: Mycetes Argentinenses . Ibid. 19 (ser. 3, t. 12): 257-458. 

1909. 

Stevenson, J.: British Fungi. I-II. Edinburgh and London 1.886. 

Stewart, F. C.: Is Psalliota brunnescens under cultivation? Mycologia 21: 

41-43. 1929. 

Stricker, P .: Seltene Pilze und ihre Standorte im Oberrheingebiet. Zeitschr. 

f. Pilzk. 21 (N. F.): 6-16. 1949. 

Taylor, Thomas: Twelve edible mushrooms of the United States. U.S. 

Dept. Agric. 1894. 

Thellung, A .: Der gelbfleckige Champignon. Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 

4: 61-66. 1926. 

Torrend, R. P .: Chi toniella Bahiensis Torrend n. sp. BuH. Soc. Myc. Fr. 

48: 325. 1932. 

Trelease, W.: Ab errant ve il remnants in some edible Agarics. Miss. Bot. 

Gard., Rep. 15: 83-85. 1904 . 

Treschow, Cecil: Nutrition of the cultivated mushroom. Dansk Botanisk 

Arkiv 11, no. 6: 1-180. 1944. 

: Taxonomy of the cultivated mushroom. Friesia 3: 124-128. 

1945. 

: Champignondyrkningens Historie. Ibid. 3: 115-123. 1945. 

: Champignondyrkning i Haver (Mushroom-growing in gardens). 

Ibid. 3: 189-196. 1946 . 

Ursing, Bjornr Svenska vaxter. Kryptogamer (R y d b e r g, R.: Champinjoner, 

p. 258-261, 384-385). Stockholm 1949. 

Velenovsky, J.: Mykologia I-IV. 1924-1927. 

: Novitates mycologicae. 1939. 

: Novitates mycologicae novissimae. 1947. 

Viviani, D.: I funghi d'Italia. Genova 1834-1838. 

Wakefield, E. M.: Description of two forms of cultivated mushroom. 

Transact. Brit. Myc . Soc. 20: 239-241. 1936. 

Wakefield, E. M. & Dennis, R. W. G.: Common British fungi. London 1950.

- 217- 

Walty, Hans: Kommentar zur Gattung Psalliota in B r e S a d o l a's Iconographia 

Mycologica. Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 9: 121-123, 

133-135. 1931. 

: Schweizer-Pilztafeln. I (1947); II (1944); III (1947). 

Wettstein, R. v.: Fungi novi Austriaci. Sitzb. kais. Akad. Wiss., Wien, 

Bd. XCIV, L Abt., 1886: 61-76 (1-16). 

Winter, G.: Basidiomycetes in L. R a b e n h o r s t: Die Kryptogamenflora 

von Deutschland. Bd. I, Abt. L 1880-1884. 

Witt, W.: Champignonzucht. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 5: 44-50. 1926. 

Zeller, S. M.: Contributions to our knowledge of Oregon fungi. L Mycologia 

14: 173-199. 1922. 

: New and noteworthy Agarics from Oregon. Ibid. 25: 376 

391. 1933. 

: New Ol' noteworthy Agarics from the Pacific Coast States. 

Ibid. 30: 468--474. 1938. 

Flora Danica. Vol. 1-17, fase. 1-51, supplementi fase. 1-3, tab. 1-3240. 

Hafniae 1761-1883. 

Verb. Schweiz. Vereine fiir Pilzk. Bel'. Sitz. Wi ssenschaftl. Kommission. 

Schweiz. Zeitschr. f. Pilzk. 9: 20-22. 1931. Ibid. 10: 154-157. 

1932.

pag. 

abruptibulba 137, 146, 148, 

150, 151 ) 152, 153 , 154, 

155, 161, 164, 167, 169, 207 

abruptibulbus (Agaricus) 151, 153 

abruptus (Agaricus) 151 

a estiva lis 7, 45, 48, 50) 202 , 

203 , 208 

(Agaricus) 203 

var . flavotacta 7, 45 , 51) 

148, 203 

var. flavotactus (Aga ricus) 

203 

algodora 19 , 206 

altipes 7, 45 , 46) 47 , 202 , 203 , 208 


amethystina ... 193, 194, 196, 207 

(P rat ella) 194 

a mmophi la .. .. .. ... .. .. .. 169 

arenicola 141, 199 

ar ve nsis 2, 24, 25 , 34 , 48 , 49 , 

50 , 60 , 135, 137, 146 , 151, 

152, 153, 155, 158, 159, 

161) 162, 163, 164, 165, 

166, 167, 168, 180, 187, 

188, 207 

(Agaricus) 157, 161, 181, 207 

var. abruptus (Agaricus) 151 

subsp. exquisita ...... 162, 207 

var. macrolepis (Agaricus) 

207 

subsp. macrospora 181 

subsp. macrospora var. 

straminea .. ..... ... .. ...... 177 

var. purpuraseens 187 

var. purpuraseens (Agaricus 

) 187 

var. silvicola 151 

augusta 1, 35 , 135) 137, 138) 

140, 141, 142, 143, 14 4, 

155, 178, 179, 180, 181, 

184, 206 , 207 

augustus (Agaricus) 206 

IN DEX 

- 21 8 - 

pa g. 

B enesil .... .. 1, 16 , 20, 22, 23) 201 

Berna rdii 4, 10 , 14) 15 , 16, 17 , 

19 , 181, 206 

(Agaricus ) 13 

bispora 4, 6, 9, 10) 11, 12, 27 , 

55 , 183 , 206 

bit orquis (Agaricus) 13 

bivelata 40 

Bres adolae 13 8, 181, 183, 18 4 

(Agaricus) 13 8 

brunne ola 184 , 1 86 ) 187 

campestris 2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 25 , 

44, 46, 50, 53, 54 , 56) 188, 

189, 201 

campestris var. a lba 13 

var. cupreo-brunnea 7, 54 , 55 

var. edulis . 13 

A edulis (Agaricus) 13 , 200 

var. eque stris 7, 46 , 57) 

58, 204 

var. equestris (Agaricus) 204 

var. floccipes 7, 46 , 57) 58 , 204 

var. floccipes (Agaricus) 204 

var. fusco-pilosella 7, 46, 

58) 59, 204 

var. fusco-pilosell us (Agaricus) 

204 

var. isabellina 7, 46 , 60 ) 204 

var. isabellinus (A ga ri - 

cus) 204 

B. pratensis, vaporarius 

(Agaricus) .. .. .. ... .. . 40 

var. silvicola 146, 148 

var. silvicola (Aga ricus) 146 

var. silvicola (Pratella) ... 168 

var. squamulosa 7, 46 , 59) 60 

f . substerilis 56 ) 204 

f . substerilis (Agaricus) 204 

var. umbrina 11 

var . villaticus (Aga ricus ) 40

pag. 

Caroli (Agaricus) 206 

chionodermus (Agaricus) 208 

cinchonensis (Agaricus) .. . .. . 194 

collina .. . .. .... . .. . ... . ... . .. ... . ... . 181 

comtula 136, 184 , 185 

cretacea 57, 161, 164, 170, 207 

(Pratella) 168 

- var. flavescens 170 

cretaceus (Agaricus) o... .. ..... 207 

crocodilinus (Agaricus) 184, 207 

cupreo-brunnea 7, 45, 52, 53, 

54) 202 , 204 

cupreo-brunneus (Agaricus) .. . 204 

decorata .. .... 7, 45, 47, 48) 49, 203 

decoratus (Agaricus) 203 

depauperata 5, 20, 24) 203 

depauperatus (Agaricus) 203 

dulcidula 185, 189) 190 

' 

edulis 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 1 3) 16, 

40, 43, 44, 200, 201 

(Agaricus) .. .. .. 151 

var. valida 10, 14) 203 

var. validus (Agaricus) . 203 

Elvensis 144 

elvensis 143, 144, 206 

exeellens 138, 145, 155, 176, 

178) 180, 181, 184, 204, 206 


exquisitus (Agaricus) 164 

exserta o • •• • • • • • • o • • •• 201 

fissurata 137, 146, 165) 167, 

204, 207 

fissuratus (Agaricus) 204 

flavescens (PratelIa) 147, 170 

flocculosa ' " .. .. .. ... .. . ..... .. . ... . 56 

fulveola 187 

fusco-fibrillosa 5, 20, 27) 28, 

29, 203 

fusco-fibrillosus (Agaricus) . .. 203 

giganteus (Agaricus) 144 

ha emorrhoidaria 1, 5, 21, 28, 

29, 30, 33) 35, 36 , 38, 202 , 208 

hortensis :.. . .. ... ... ... 10 

var. bispora 10 

- var. subfloccosa 11 

impudica 32 , 33, 141, 196) 197, 198 

ingrata 4, 10, 16, 17 ) 18, 19, 

203 , 206 

iodoformicus ( A g a r icus ) 168 

219 - 

pag. 

Langei 5, 6, 20, 27, 28 ) 29, 30, 

31, 32, 33 , 203 


lanipes 5, 20, '25) 29, 34 , 35, 

198, 203 

(Agaricus) .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 203 

va r. verecunda 20 , 2 6) 203 

var. verecundus (A g a r i- 

cus) 0 

lecensis o 

• • • •• •• • • • • • • • • •••• • • 203 

• • • • • • • • • • • • •• 184 

lepiotoides 177 

leucotricha 137, 146 , 155, 159) 

161, 204 , 207 

leucotrichus (Agaricus) 204 

livido-nitida 7, 45 , 51) 52, 54 , 203 

livido-nitidus ( A g a r icus ) .. . ... 203 

luteo-maculata 141, 185, 192) 

195 , 204 

luteo-maculatus (Agaricus) .. . 204 

lutosa 141, 184, 188) 204 

lutosus (Agaricus) 204 

macrocarpa 137, 146, 150, 152 , 

153, 159, 180, 204 

macrocarpus (Agaricus) 204 

macrospora 136, 138, 176, 181) 

183 , 184 , 204 , 206, 207 

macrosporus (Agaricus) 204 

maleolens (Agaricus) 203 

mediofusea .. .... 5, 20, 29, 30) 203 

mediofuscus (Agaricus) . . .. .. 203 

meleagris 138, 167, 169, 170, 

171, 172) 174, 175, 176 

var. obscurata 138, 167, 

173) 208 

var. terricolor 208 

var . terricolor (A garicus) 

208 

minima 190 

nivescens 137, 146, 150, 155) 

158, 159, 163 , 164 , 204, 207 

(Agaricus) .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 204 

var. parkensis 137, 146, 

150, 1 58) 159, 204 

var. parkensis (Agaricus) 204 

os eeanus (A g a r ic us) .. o " • • • • • • 207 

pallens 194 

Pequinii (Chitonia) 13, 16 

peronata 140, 141 

peronatus (Agaricus) .. o • • o o •• 139 

perrara . .. 139, 140, 142, 143, 184 

perrarus (Agaricus) 138, 207 

phaeolepidota 138, 167 , 170) 

172, 198, 204

NOTITSER 

JULIUS SCHAFFER: DIE RUSSULAE 

Nyt bind af "Die Pilze Mitteleuropas" 

Da den kendte tyske mykolog J u 1. S c h af f e r i oktober 1944 uventet 

afgik ved døden, udtrykte undertegnede i en nekrolog ("Friesia" 3: 

143-146, 1945) sin beklagelse over, at Schaffer ikke nåede at få færdigudgivet 

sit Russula-tavleværk ("Die Pilze Mitteleuropas " III) , hvoraf der 

kun udkom 3 hæfter. Den sidste ulykkelige krig har tillige bevirket, at 

også S c h a f f e r's "Russula-Monographie" (1933-34), den bedste bog, 

man havde om Russula-slægten, blev umulig at opdrive. Det må derfor 

hilses med stor og oprigtig glæde, at der nu om ganske kort tid bliver 

mulighed for, at begge dele som samlet værk under titel af: "Die Pilze 

Mitteleuropas III. J u l i u s S c h a f f e r: Die Russulae. Monographie und 

Tafelwerk" kan erhverves på een gang - altså ikke ud sendt i hæfter -, 

idet følgende foreninger: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Pilzkunde, Deutsche 

Botanische Gesel1schaft, Deutsche Naturkundeverein og Verband Schweizerischer 

Vereine fiir Pilzkunde (hvoraf den sidste forening har bundet sig 

til køb af 200 eksemplarer) står som udgivere på J u l i u s K l i n kh 

a r d t's forlag, Bad Heilbrunn, Oberbayern. 

Forud for dette lykkelige resultat er gået et utrætteligt arbejde i 

krigens og efterkrigstidens onde år af S c h af f e r's enke, L i e s e l 

S c h a f f e r, der næsten som en anden Madame Curie samarbejdede med 

sin mand i de sidste år af hans liv, og som senere satte sig det store mål 

at få afsluttet hans livsværk med udgivelsen af hans smukke Russulaakvareller 

(med tilhørende tekst), som det under krigen lykkedes hende 

at bevare ganske intakt. Ved gode venners hjælp fik hun også omskrevet 

Schaffer's stenografiske beskrivelser til almindelig skrift og efterhånden 

skabt en voksende interesse for udgivelsen af 20 farvetavler af format 

som de oprindelige i "Pilze Mitteleuropas" og - som tekst hertil - af 

Russula-Monografien, udvidet med S.'s egne optegnelser fra de sidste 

10 år af hans liv, så at værket kun kom til at indeholde st of af hans 

e g e n hånd. 

Forlaget har nu udsendt dels en prøvetekstside af format, tryk og 

papir omtrent som den gamle monografi, del s en smuk prøvefarvetavle. 

veludført og på godt papir med 21 figurer, fordelt på 6 arter i naturlig 

st ør relse i 4-farvetryk. Af de medfølgende oplysninger fra f orlaget f remgår, 

at A. F l u r y, Basel, som i det forløbne år har hjulpet Fru S c h a ff 

e r med ordning af tekst og billedudvalg, har sk revet forordet, samt givet 

en ganske kort diagnose af hver art på fransk (3--4 linier). Monografien 

er på c. 300 sider og er indbundet med shirtingryg. Tavlerne, hvorpå afbildes 

c. 100 arter, ligger løst i en samlemappe. Prisen er efter danske 

forhold høj. Dog gives der rabat for forudbestilling inden 15. marts 1952 

og for kontant betaling, ligesom ratebetaling indrømmes, men til højere 

pris. Medlemmer af de udgivende foreninger kan købe til en favørpris 

af 68 DM (inden 15 / 3 1952, kontant) eller 74 DM (inden 15/3 1952, i 10 

månedlige rater). Andre købere må betale henholdsvis 78 og 82 DM på 

samme betingelser. Men bogladeprisen bliver 86 DM. 

Til trods for disse priser, til hvilke der måske intet kan siges i disse 

dyrtider, må man dog håbe, at bogen må vinde den udbredelse også i Danmark, 

som den i høj grad fortjener, og måske fo reningen kunne se en 

udvej til, at eventuelle købere på en lempelig måde kunne erhverve sig 

dette moderne og pragtfulde standardværk. F. H. M ø Il e r. 

- 221 -

MEDDELELSER 

fra 

FORENINGEN TIL SVAMPEKUNDSKABENS FREMME 

GENERALFORSAMLING I 1950 

Lørdag den 25. Februar 1950, Kl. 20 00 , afholdtes den ordinære 

Generalforsamling i Botanisk Laboratoriums Auditorium, Gothersgade 

140 , København. Ca. 45 Deltagere. 

Til Dirigent val gtes Postmester J. P . J e n s e n. 

1. Formanden, Professor N. F a b r i t i u s B u c h w a l d, aflagde 

derpaa Beretning om Foreningens Virksomhed i 1949. Foraarsekskursionen 

15. Maj gik Traditionen tro t il Boserup Skov ; der samledes 

fler e Kurve fulde af M o r k l e r ( M orchel la esculenta) J ofte i 

Kæmpeeksemplarer, og adskillige Eksemplarer af H æ t t e-M o r k e l 

(Morchella rimosipes) J men Ekskursionens Clou var dog Fundet af 

en halv Snes friske Eksemplarer af den yder st sjældne K lok k e 

M o r k e l ( Ve r pa conica). - Efteraarssæsonen maatte som Helhed 

nok karakteriseres som noget over Middel, navnlig i dens sidst e 

Halvdel. Der afholdtes Ekskursioner paa 5 Søndage, men ingen 

"Dobbelt-Ekskursioner", hvilket efter Deltagerantallet at dømme 

(det største An t al var 70 Deltagere) heller ikke kan skø nnes at have 

været nødvendigt. Sæsonen aabnedes den 28. August med en vellykket 

Tur til KulIen (30 Deltagere) , Foreningens først e Ekskursion til 

Sverige - efter en tvungen Afbrydelse paa 11 Aar! Næste Tur gik 

11. September i Turistbil til Kongelunden (50 Deltagere) , en Lokalitet, 

Foreningen kun sjældent har besøgt. Der fandtes ca. 125 Arter, 

men de fleste kun i eet Eksemplar. Et interessant Fund var en 

Masseforekomst paa en Brandplet af den lille, lyserøde Bægersvamp, 

Py ronema con/ l uens. Den 25. September var der Ekskursion til Køge 

Strandskov og Skovene ved Vallø (70 Deltagere) med et betydeligt 

Udbytte (150 Arter) , hvoraf navnlig Boletus radicans og Fundet af 

T ø n d e r s v a m p (Polyporus /omentarius) paa levende H e s t e - 

- 22 2 -

- 223- 

k a s t a n i e bør fremdrages. Den fjerde Tur, den 9. Oktober til 

Tisvilde Hegn, havde ligeledes stor Tilslutning (65 Deltagere) og 

gav ogsaa et st ort Udbytte, ca. 145 Arter, hvoriblandt flere sjældne 

Ridderhatte (Tricholoma auromtucm, luruium, pesswndatuan) ; den 

største Sj ældenhed var dog E l f e n b e n s - R ø r h a t t e n (Boletus 

placuius) , desværre kun eet Eksemplar. Sæsonen sluttede den 16. 

Oktober med den t radit ionelle Tur til Jægersborg Dyrehave, paa 

hvilken der samledes ikke færre end 192 Arter, hvoraf 160 Agarleaceer. 

- Paa Initiativ af cand. mag. E. B i Il e H a n s e n, Postmest 

er J . P. J e n s e n og cand. mag. M o r t e n L a n g e blev Ideen 

med de mykologi ske Kongresser - den sidste afholdtes i 1940 

gen optaget. Kongressen afholdtes Lørdag den 1. og Søndag den 2. 

Oktober, med Station pa a Universitetets botaniske Laboratorium og 

med Ekskursioner til Ravnsholt Hegn (1/ 10) og Grib Skov (2 fto). Der 

deltog 18 Mykologer, hvoraf 8 fra Provinsen, og der blev noteret ialt 

304 Arter, bl. a. Pleurotus myxotrichus. En Artsliste er deponeret i 

Foreningens Arkiv. 

Af "F r iesia" udsendtes Hefte 5 af Bd. 3, hvormed dette Bind afsluttedes. 

Heftet er paa 142 Sider, og er det største, Foreningen 

endnu har udgivet ; det indeholder bl. a. en Medlemsfortegnelse. 

"F lora Agaricina Danica". Med Udgangen af 1948 lykkedes det 

at udbetale Resten af Gælden (7000 Kr.) til Carlsberg- og Rask 

Ørsted Fondene. I 1949 solgtes der 25 Eksemplarer (lige som i 1948), 

hvilket vilde give ca. 10000 Kr. til Fordeling mellem Forstander 

L a n g e's to Arvinger, Botanisk Forening og Foreningen til Svampekundskabens 

Fremme, alt saa ca. 2500 Kr. til Foreningen. Det var 

Meningen, at Pengene skulde henlægges i et særligt "Flora Agaricina 

Danica-Fond" til Fremme af dansk mykologisk Forskning. En Fundats 

var under Udarbejdelse og vilde blive forelagt til Drøftelse paa 

næste Generalforsamling. 

Fra et Medlem, der ønskede at forblive anonym, havde Foreningen 

modtaget en Gave paa 200 Kr.! 

Økonomien var tilfredsstillende. Foreningen havde desværre endnu 

ikke faaet Meddelelse fra Undervisningsministeriet vedrørende den 

sædvanlige aar lige Understøttelse paa 600 Kr. Efter hvad der kunde 

oplyse s, skyldtes Forsinkelsen en Drøftelse i Ministeriet, idet man 

paatænkte at forhøje de aarlige Tilskud til Foreninger og Tidsskrifter. 

I Efteraaret 1949 modtog Foreningen en Indbydelse til at lade 

sig repræsentere paa Den 7. internationale botaniske Kongres i Stock-

- 224 - 

holm i Juli 1950 , og Bestyrelsen vedtog at delegere Overlærer F. H. 

M ø Il e r, Nykøbing F., som Foreningens Repræsentant og at afholde 

Rejseomkostningerne af " F lor a Agaricina Danica-Fondet". 

Foreningens Næstformand, Øjenlæge V. H e r t z, blev paa sin 

80-Aarsdag den 11. Februar 1949 fejret og hyldet i Taler og Sang 

af en snæver Kreds af Mykologer paa " Petit Trianon". 

Der var i Aarets Løb indgaaet i Foreningen 34 og udgaaet 47 

Medlemmer (heraf slettet 15!). Medlemsantallet var 573 pr. 31.12.1948 

og 560 pr. 31.12.1949, altsaa en mindre Tilbagegang paa 13 Medlemmer. 

F ølgende tre Medlemmer var døde i Beretningsaaret: Apoteker 

T h. J ø r c k, Skelskør (indmeldt 1921), Tandlæge E i n a r L a r s e n, 

København (indmeldt 1944) og Civilingeniør O s c a r S t o r c k , København 

(indmeldt 1923). 

Æ re være deres Minde! 

2. Kassereren, Overlærer K. B j ø r n e k æ r , forelagde derefter 

Regnskabet, som balancerede med Kr. 4800.98. Kontingentindtægten 

var Kr. 2811.50 og Renteindtægten Kr. 39.02. Kassebeholdningen var 

pr. 31.12.1949 Kr. 1925.47 og Gælden til Bogtrykkeren Kr. 2317.33. 

Der var udbetalt til "Friesia" Kr. 1000, og der var Kr. 396 i Restancer. 

Paa Bankbogen henstod Kr. 1303.90. Generalforsamlingen gav 

Decharge for Regnskabet. 

3. og 4. Bestyrelsesmedlemmerne, Overlærer K. B j ø r n e k æ r, 

Direktør P. M. W i l k e n s og Professor ø. W i n g e og Revisoren, 

Ekspeditionssekretær K. R a n k o v, der alle afgik efter Tur, genvalgtes 

med Akklamation. I Stedet for Suppleanten, cand. mag. 

A n d e r s M u n k} Silkeborg, valgtes paa Forslag af Fabrikant S v. 

T r o y e r Postmester J. P. J e n s en. 

5. Under Drøftelse af Ekskursionerne i den kommende Sæson 

vedtoges en Ekskursion til Sverige (Rornele Klint, Hallands Våderro 

eller Rostånga) , samt fremsattes Forslag om Ekskursioner til Møen, 

Borup-Skovene (Kværkeby) , og Mogenstrup Aas. Direktør W i l 

k e n s ønskede en l a n g Biltur. Fabrikant T r o ye r takkede Bestyrelsen 

for dens Indsats i Aarets Løb, men ankede over, at Køge 

Hotel var blevet angivet paa Ekskursionsplanen som Spisested, skønt 

Hotellet var brændt ned for 2 Aar siden . Formanden beklagede Fejltagelsen. 

Postmester J. P. J e n s e n kritiserede, at Dyrehaveturen 

ofte begyndte saa sent (Kl. 10°°) , at man maatte gaa hurtigt til for 

at naa rettidigt frem til Frokoststedet, hvad der uundgaaeligt maatte

- 225 - 

skade Svampeindsamlingen . Formanden lovede at tage Hensyn hertil 

ved den fremtidige Planlægning af Ekskursionerne. 

6. Unde r "E vent uelt" forespurgte Formanden, om man havde 

Ønsker om en bestemt Ugedag for Generalforsamlingen. I de 3 sidste 

Aar var Generalforsamlingen bl evet afholdt paa en Lørdag. Det 

frem gik af Indlæggene, at Lørdag ikk e var særlig populær, medens 

Onsd ag som Mødedag blev støttet fra mange Sider. 

(sign.) J. P. J e n s e n. 

Efter Generalforsamlingen hol dt Amanuensis, cand. mag., Frk. 

E r n a B a c h følgende Foredrag: Om Gylden Skælhat (Pholiota 

aurea). Et R efer at af Fore draget er trykt i "Nat urhist or isk Tidende" 

15. Aarg., S. 35-37, 1951. 

Man samledes derpaa til fornøjeligt Samvær paa "Universitetets 

Spisestuer". E . B i Il e H a n s e n. 

EKSKU RSIONE R I 1950 

Søndag den 14. Maj. Ekskursion til B o s e r u p S k o v. Ca . 40 

Deltagere . I det smukkeste Foraarsvejr spadserede det store Flertal 

af Deltagerne ad Landevejen til Indgangen ved "Skovly", idet den 

sidste Del af Turen dog gik over Engen forbi Tjørneholmen, som 

imidlertid i Aar kun gav et enkelt Fund, en lille Gruppe Tri choloma 

ga m bosum . 

Efter Frokosten i "Skovly" gik man gennem Skoven til Stranden, 

hvorfr a de fl est e Deltagere tog med Motorbaaden tilbage til Roskilde. 

Svampeudbyttet var ikke stort, sikkert i nogen Grad paa Grund 

af læn gere Tids Tørke; muligvis havde det været bedre at lægge 

Ture n først iMaaneden. 

F ølgende 19 Arter noteredes: 

Collybia dryophila (Foraarsformen med den mørke Overflade og 

de meget gule Lameller) ; Coprinus atr ameninriue, C. im/pat ien«, C. 

micaceus, C. niveus; E ntoloma clypeatum; Hypholom a Candolleanum; 

Mo r chella esculenio., M. r i mos ipes; Pezi za acetabulum; Polyporus 

adustus, P. applomatus, P. [ulou«, P. squamosue, P. varius) P. ver si 

colo r ; Pluteus cervinus; Tri choloma gambosum; Ustulina maxima. 

K. B j ø r n e k ær. 

F RIESIA IV I S

- 226 - 

- Søndag den 27. August. Ekskursion til R u d e s k o v. 50 Deltagere. 

Et mægtigt Tordenvejr med usædvanlig kraftige Byger om 

Natten gjorde Udsigterne noget tvivlsomme fra Morgenstunden, men 

det blev en smuk Tur med vekslende Belysninger og meget varmt. 

Fra Birkerød Station spadserede Deltagerne ad Landevejen til 

Indgangen til Rudeskov ved Vestenden af Ebberøddam, hvorefter 

. man først fulgte dennes Nordside og derpaa Sydranden ; herfra gik 

man i nogenlunde lige Linie forbi Skovrøddam til Lollikhus. 

Efter Frokosten fandt en Demonstration Sted, og da denne paa 

Grund af Deltagernes mange Spørgsmaal trak noget ud, enedes man 

om at forandre den sidste Del af Turen saaledes, at den kom til at 

gaa over Sækkedam til Rudegaard; videre over Kongevejen gennem 

Frederikslund Skov til Holte Station. 

Hjemrejsen skete ved 16-Tiden. 

Af Spisesvampe plukkedes kun faa C h a m p i g n o n e r og S p iselig 

Rørhat, men heldigvis var der en Del Kantareller, 

saa nogle Deltagere fik en pæn Portion med hjem. 

Ser man hen til, at Forsæsonen havde vist et forholdsvis rigt 

Svampeflor, og at der en Uges Tid i Forvejen var faldet nogle Tordenbyger, 

skuffede Turen noget, selvom T'allet paa fundne Arter 

ikke var helt ringe, nemlig ca. 115. Individantallet var for de fleste 

Arters Vedkommende ret lille. Den sidste Uges udprægede Tørke 

bar sikkert den væsentlige Del af Skylden herfor. 

Af Fundene kan følgende fremhæves: 

Amanita phallouies; Boletus aqrpendioulatus, cuanescens, pachypus) 

strobilaceus; Clavaria botrutes; Cortinarius bolaris, in/ractus) 

psamrnocephalus; HYgrophorus penariu«; Leotia lubrica; Marasmius 

rameolis, scorodonius; NyctaZis parasitica (paa sværtede Russula 

nigricans))' PaxiZlus atroiomentosus; Peziza succoso.; Pha tlus caninus)' 

RussuZa clarojlaoa, lilacea, venosa forma paZZida)' ScZeroderma 

bovisia; Tricholoma psammopus, usiole. 

Paa Vejen til Ebberødgaard, lige uden for Indgangen til Rudeskov, 

fandtes en lille Lactarius, der i Formen mest henledte Tanken 

paa en lille, kortstokket L. piperatus. (Nærmere Voksested har ikke 

kunnet fastslaas). 

Ved Gennemskæring fik Kødet en ren blaagrøn Farve (Lange 

a-8), der var meget intens hos en indtørret Draabe. Paa Lamellerne 

derimod antog den udstrømmende Mælk en smudsig olivenbrun Farve. 

Hat 5 cm, med indrullet Rand og nedtrykt Midte, fastkødet, 7 mm 

tyk, isabellafarvet, med mørkere, brunlige Skjolder.

- 229 - 

Gang.*) Ekskursionen, der tilmed begunstigedes af straalende Vejr, 

blev derfor en stor Oplevelse. Ved Afskeden i H ålsingborg med de 

svenske Deltagere blev det Løfte da ogsaa givet, at der ikke atter 

skulde hengaa en Snes Aar, inden Foreningen afholdt Ekskursion 

til Skåralid-s-Rostånga. 

N. F a b r i t i u s B u c h w a l d. 

Søndag den 24. September. Ekskursion til S k o ven e o m k r i n g 

B o r u p. 52 Deltagere. I to Turistbiler startede Deltagerne Kl. 8 00 

fra "Den lille Hornblæser" (Raadhuspladsen). Fra Roskilde-Ringsted 

Vejen drejede Bilerne umiddelbart Syd for Magleskov ned ad Vejen, 

der fører til Borup, og standsede, hvor en mindre Vej bøjer af t il 

Gammenrød. Her stod man af og vandrede ned gennem den sydlige 

Del af Magleskov, over Jernbaneviadukten og fortsatte til Borup 

Kro. Her indtoges Frokosten Kl. 12-13, og efter en Demonstration 

af Formiddagens Svampeudbytte i Krohaven kørte Deltagerne videre 

til Lammestrup og standsede lidt Nord for Stubberupgaard. Man 

fortsatte derpaa til Fods op gennem Stubberup Storskov langs Søens 

Vestside og videre til Skovfogedhuset, der ligger ved Ringsted-Vejen. 

Herfra kørte man tilbage ved 16-Tiden og ankom Kl. ca. 17 30 til 

København. 

Ekskursionen foregik i et smukt, tilpas varmt Septembervejr, med 

dejligt Solskin, kun afbrudt af en kort Regnbyge, som dog ikke generede 

videre. 

Skovene omkring Borup bestaar overvejende af ældre Bøg, hist 

og her isprængt mindre Partier med Rødgran. Bøgen vokser næsten 

overalt iMagleskov paa god Muldbund; i Stubberup Skov findes derimod 

adskillige Strækninger med Morbund. Skønt Svampefloraen saaledes 

maatte blive stærkt præget af Bøgeskovens Former, var den 

dog meget artsrig, idet der fandtes ikke færre end 210 Arter (inel. 

26 resupinate Former). Der samledes heller ikke faa Spisesvampe, 

væsentligt K a n t a r e l, P i g s v a ID p, S k o v - M a n d e l c h a m 

p i g n o n (Psalliota suvicola), R a b a r b e r-P a r a s o l h a t, T r o mp 

e t s v a m p, som pletvis var meget almindelig, V el s m a g e n d e 

Mælkehat og Broget Skørhat. Rørhattene var ret sparsomt 

repræsenterede; de fleste K a r l J o h a n-R ø r h a t t e, man fandt, 

var halvraadne. Af de øvrige Svampefund fortjener navnlig følgende 

at nævnes: 

* ) Se »M edd. fra Foren. t. Svampek.s Fremme«, Bd. 4, S . 95-96, 1930.

- 230 - 

M a g l e s k o v. Amanita excelsa, ret alm., A. phallouies, 2 Eksemplarer; 

Boletus eduli«, enkelte Eksemplarer med mørkebrunt Stoknet, 

B. minuitoporus, sirobilaceus ; Clavaria cunerea, fragilis) i Klynger 

paa fed Muldbund, C. ochraceo-oirens, pallida (det. F . H . M ø ll 

e r), C. sanguinea Pers. (C. flava sensu F. et W.), C. stricta, stedvis 

hyppig ; Cortinarius anomolus, re t alm., C. bolaris, flere Steder, C. 

cinnabarinus) ,himnuleus, torvus; Entoloma liouiusn, enkelte E ks emplarer; 

Geoster [imbriatus, adskillige friske Individer paa fugtig 

Bund under høj Rødgran; Hebetoma sunaqneams; H eleella elastica; 

erispa. almindelig, H. lacumosa.; Hy pholoma eqenulum, fasciculare 

med gule Lameller (steril?) ; Inocybe Bongardii) qriseo-liuicina; 

Marasmius globularis ; L actarius volemue, 3 E ksemplarer; L epiota 

acuiesquaanosa, castomea, clypeolaria) cristata, r et alm . la ngs Veje 

mellem visne Bøgeblade ; Limacium chrusodon, iephroleucurn; L ycoperdon 

gemmatum i Ringe under ca. 20-årig Rødgran ; Mycena 

pelumthisu»; Pholiota rtuiicosa ; Pluteus phlebophorus; Poly porus 

giganteus omkring Bøg, P. serialis paa Rødgranstød ; Psalliota edulis, 

siloicola, vaporaria i Klynge (det. F. H. M ø Il e r ) ; Russula aluiacea, 

vesca) flere Steder; Stereum fuscum paa nedfalden Bøgegren ; Tricholoma 

m etaleucum, sulphureum i en stor, ufuldstændig Heksering, 

T. ustale. 

S t u b b e r u p S t o r s k o v. Cortinarius alboviolaceus, calochrous, 

oaninus) elatior, saiuratus; Hebetoma crustuliniforme,o Hypholoma 

Candolleanum; Lactarius »ellereus; Lepiota haematosperma, lenticularis 

; Lycoperdon echsnatum; Merul ius tremellosus paa Bøgestød; 

Myc ena crocaia paa Bøgepind; Peziza su ccosa; Pholiota caperata, 

ret alm. adskillige Steder, Ph. spectabilis ved Foden af Bøg; Pol yporus 

rtuiuitue, umqulatws, begge paa Bøg; Psalliota sanguinaria ,o 

Psathyrella gracilis. 

. Endvidere bestemtes af M. P. C h r i s t i a n s e n følgende 26 resupinate 

Hymenomyceter (M = Magleskov; S = Stubberup Storskov) : 

Aleurodiscus roseus (Pers.) paa Salix (S) ; Cort icium araneosum 

(v. H. et L.) B. et G. (M), atrovirens Fr. paa Jord og Bøgeblade (S), 

C. con fine B. et G. paaFagus (M), C. confluens (Fr.) Fr. paaFagus (S) , 

C. coronatum paa Fagus (S), C. fumosum Pers. paa Picea (S), C.lividum 

(Pers.) paa Fagus (S), C. sambuci (Pers.) Fr. paa Fagus (S) og 

Picea (S), C. tulasnelloideum v. H. et L. paa Fagus (M); Gloeocystidium 

citrinum (Pers.) Lundell paa Picea (S), G. porosum (Berk. et 

Curt.) Wakef. paa Salix (S); Grandinia fariacea (Pers.) B. et G. paa 

Fagus (S), G. helvetica (Bres.) Bres. paa Fagus (M) ; Mycoacia uda

- 232- 

barinus, croceocaeruleus, crusiallinu«, [lexipes, hemitrichais, malicerius, 

multiformis) i dyb Bøgemuld, C. nemorensis, phoeniceus paa 

Stød, C. pholuieue, somquineus, scutulatus, suopurpuraeoens, torvus, 

vibratilis; Daedalea gibbosa og D. quercina, begge voksende paa samme 

Egestød ; Entoloma nuiorosum, nitidum; Hygrophorus agathos 

mus) constoms, Marchii) penarius; Hypholoma dispersum; Inocybe 

Oookei, [locculosa, petunmosa, praetervisa; Lactarius fuliginosus) 

pallidus) pyrogalus) tabidus; Lentinus squamosus; Lepiota procera; 

Lycoperdon echsnaiwm, nigrescens; Mycena rubella, zephirus; Naucoria 

triscopa paa Stød; Notamea infula} staurospora; Panus carneotomentosus; 

Pa xillus panuoides; Peziza auromiia, btuiia, succosa; 

Pholiota caperata, flammans; Pluieus omereo-juscus paa Stød; Polyporus 

ungulatus baade paa Bøg og Rødgran; Psallioia eitoatica, silvi 

cola; Psilocybe atroruja, spadicea; Ptychogaster olouiu«, flere Steder 

paa Naaletræstød; Russula alutacea, atrorubens, clarcflaoa, Romellu, 

Velenovskyi} veternosa; Thelephora paimata, talrige Klynger 

mellem Surkløver paa lav Bund; Tricholoma breoipes, tykstokket 

Form, T. saponaceum v. ardosiacum; Tubaria furfuracea; Volvaria 

gloiocephala fra Mark. 

Blandt de om Eftermiddagen fundne Svampe kan nævnes: Ama 

nita spissu, et stort Eksemplar; Boletus cavipes, mørk Form; H ebeloma 

crustuliniforme} mesopluieum, der stod som "saaet" mellem 

Bøgetræer paa græs- og mosgroede Skraaninger; Lepiota cinnabari 

na} smukt røde Individer ved Ottevejskrydset; Phallus caninus; 

Pholiota ourivella, hø jt til Vejrs paa Bøgestamme ; Polyporus [omeniaruis, 

talrige Frugtlegemer paa gammelt, stærkt angrebet Bøgetræ 

med mange store, knækkede Grene, P. hirsutus paa Birk, P. odoratus 

paa gammelt, frønnet Rødgranstød, P. perennis, ret alm. paa sandede 

Ve je; Schizophyllum almeum, mange store Eksemplarer paa nedfaldne 

Birkegrene. 

En interessant Flora af resupinate Arter noteredes paa Undersiden 

af et stærkt frønnet Bøgestød ved Sydenden af Gribsø: den 

smukke, blaa Corticium atrovirens; Merulius himamiiouies, der kun 

er f.undet et Par Gange tidligere; Peniophora velutina og Poria 

sanguinolenta (det. M. P. C h r i s t i a n s e n p. p.). 

Endvidere noteredes Peniophora Eichleriana (Bres, p. p.) B. et G. 

og Myxomyceterne Fuligo sepiica, Lycogala epidendron og Mucilago 

spongiosa paa Græsblade. 

N. Fabritius Buchwald. J. P. Jensen.

- 233- 

Søndag den 8. Oktober. Ekskursion til E r m e l u n d e n og J æ 

g e r s b o r g D y r e h a v e. 50 Deltagere, der mødtes Kl. 10 00 ved 

Linie 15's Endestation (nær "Posemandens Hus") og derpaa spadserede 

gennem Ermelunden til "Fortunen". Vejret var saa mildt, at 

Frokosten kunde indtages i det fri. Kl. ca. 13 30 gik man ind i "Dyrehaven", 

gennem "Egedalen" i Fortunens Indelukke, videre over Eremitagesletten 

og tilbage gennem "Ulvedalene" til Klampenborg St., 

hvorfra Hjemrejsen fandt Sted ved 16-Tiden. 

Ekskursionen var oprindelig fastlagt til Søndag den 15. Oktober, 

men maatte rykkes en Uge frem af Hensyn til den mykologiske Kongres 

paa Als. Herved kom Dyrehaveturen til at falde paa et tidligere 

Tidspunkt, end Tilfældet har været i mange Aar. 

Der iagttoges ialt 202 Svampearter, vist det største Antal, som 

er noteret paa nogen Ekskursion til Dyrehaven. Af de fundne Svampe 

var 49 Arter Ikke-Agaricaceer, altsaa ca. 14. 

Udbyttet af Spisesvampe var ret betydeligt og bestod navnlig af 

de sædvanlige Efteraarsformer : H o n n i n g s v a m p, som det vrimlede 

med, V i o l e t H e k s e r i n g-R i d d e r h a t og T a a g e-T r a g th 

a t samt P a r y k-B l æ k h a t, der samledes i stor Mængde i Ermelunden, 

og en Del R a b a r b e r-P a r a s o l h a t t e. Andre hyppige 

Svampe var: Armillaria mucida, Clitocybe laccata, Collybia asema, 

Marasmius alliaceus og Russula ochroleuca. 

I øvrigt var de vigtigste Svampefund følgende: 

E r m e l u n d en. Amanita phallouies, 1 Eksemplar; Boletus strobilaceus; 

Clitocybe dicolor med tvefarvet Stok, C. geotropa; Entoloma 

nidorosum; Geoster triplex) flere smukke Eksemplarer; Hebelorna 

sinapizans i stor Heksering; Lacrymaria lacrumabundum, flere Steder; 

Lepiota aouiesquamosa, clypeolaria) cristaia, [usco-inmacea paa 

samme Lokalitet som G. triple», L. rhacodes; Limacium chrysodon; 

Marasmius Bulliardi paa visne Bøgeblade, M. qlooular!», selskabeligt, 

recubams, rotula, talrige Eksemplarer; Mycena echinipes; Pholiota 

adiposa i frodige Klynger paa efterladte Trærødder, Ph. aurea, squarrosa; 

Polyporus giganteus omkring Bøgestød ; Poria sanguinolenta; 

PsaZZiota rubelZa f. pallens; Psathyra stipatissuma, flere Steder i 

Knippe; Psilocybe spadicea; Russula lepida; Tricholoma aggregatum) 

lascioum, orirubens paa Skrænt; Trogia crispa paa Bøgegren. 

Jægersborg Dyrehave langs "Kongevejen". Cyathus 

vuZgaris; Hydnum repandum; Polyporus hirsutus paa Faqus; SchizophylZum 

alneum paa Egegren. 

Fortunens Indelukke, især "Egedalen". Her noteredes 

følgende Svampe paa E g: Daedalea quercuna, Fistulina hepatica,

- 234 - 

Dictyophora duplicata. »T rillinger« m ed selvstændige Stokke, men med 

»sa m m envok sede Hoveder«. Paa Frugtlegemet til venstre ses Sløret tydeligt. 

- Samlet som »H ek seæ g« i Ermelunden 8.10.1950, leg. N. F . B u c hw 

a l d; henlagt i fugtigt Rum samme Dag og fuldt udviklet 14.10.1950; 

foto 14.10.1950 E r i k J ø r g e n s e n. X 1.5 . 

Mycena galericulata og Panus stipticus; endvidere: Crepidotus mol 

lis )" L imacium pustulaticm; Psalliota auqusia; Russula graminicolor)" 

Tricholoma murinaceum"

- 236 - 

MYKOLOGISK KONGRES PAA ALS 

14.-16. OKTOBER 1950 

Efter Indbydelse af Forstander F r e d e T e r k e l s e n, Danebod 

Højskole, Fynshav. Als, afholdtes der den 14.-16. Oktober 1950 en 

mykologisk Kongres paa Danebod Højskole. Deltagerne var f ølgende: 

Overl ærer K. B j ø r n e k æ r , København ; Kommunelærer K n u d 

C h r i s t e n s e n, Aarhus; fhv. Viceskoleinspektør M. P. C h r i s t i a ns 

en, København; Assiste nt , cand. mag. E. Bille H ans en, København; 

Forretnings fører A l f r e d H a u e r b a c h, Randers; Øjenlæge 

V. Hertz, København; Postmester J. P. Jensen, København; 

Gr oss erer A x e l B. K l i n g e, Randers; Universitetsadjunkt M o r 

t en Lange, København; Tandlæge J. E. Brejnhøj Larsen, 

Lillerød; Overlærer F. H. M ø Il e r, Nykøbing F.; Lærer Val d e m a r 

p e d e r s e n, Egense; Adjunkt H. V. R æ v s k j æ r, Randers; Forstander 

Frede Terkelsen, Fynshav; Reservelæge Ib We n g, Holbæk, 

og undertegnede. 

De fleste af Deltagerne ankom i Løbet af Lørdagen den 14. Oktober 

til Danebod Højskole, og de tidligst ankomne foretog allerede 

Lørdag Eftermiddag en mindre Ekskursion til F r e d s k o ven, en 

lille Bøgeskov nær Fynshav. 

Søndag den 15. Oktober. Søndag Morgen ved 9-Tiden startede man 

i Biler og afsøgte først i en Times Tid R u m o h r s g a a r d s D y r eh 

a v e, der foruden Bøg indeholder en Del Eg. Derefter fortsattes 

Turen til den nordlige Del af A l s N ø r r e s k o v, hvor der fortrinsvis 

botaniseredes i Omraadet omkring N y g a a r d. Nørreskov bestaar, 

som det vil være kendt, ganske overvejende af høje, ranke 

Bøge, men man fik dog ogsaa Lejlighed til at botanisere i en mindre 

Rødgranplantning. Ved 13-Tiden var Deltagerne tilbage paa Højskolen. 

Eftermiddagen og Aftenen tilbragtes med Undersøgelse og 

Diskussion af det indsamlede Svampemateriale. Enkelte af Deltagerne 

foretog dog om Eftermiddagen en kortvarig Ekskursion til O l e sk 

o b b e l, en lille Bøgeskov paa Østkysten, lidt Syd for Fynshav. 

Mandag den 16. Oktober. Man startede ved lO-Tiden og kørte først 

til S ø n d e r h a v, hvor der botaniseredes i godt og vel en Times Tid 

i den væsentlig af Bøg bestaaende H ø n s n a p Skov. Man kørte derpaa 

til det lille K o Il u n d K r a t , væsentligt Løvskov, og efter at

- 237- 

have afsøgt Skoven spistes den medbragte Frokost paa det ved Flensborg 

Fjord liggende Hotel "Fjordby". Turen afsluttedes med en Ekskursion 

t il F r ø s l e v P l a n t a g e, hvor man navnlig botaniserede 

i et lille Omraade omkring F a a r h u s. Godt og vel Kl. 15 00 var man 

tilbage paa Danebod H øj skole, og Resten af Eftermiddagen gik me d 

en nærmere Undersøgelse af de indsamlede Svampe. 

Tir sdag Morgen afsluttedes Kongressen . 

Ant alle t af noterede Sv ampe var særdeles stort. Om Søndagen 

fandtes der saaledes 298 Arter, væsentligt indsamlet i A l s N ø r r es 

k o v, og om Mandagen et lignende Antal, nemlig nøjagtig 300 Arter, 

hvoraf største P arten fandtes i F r ø s l e v P la n t a g e. Af de 

fundne Svampe var 173 Arter f ælles for de 2 Dage, saaledes at der 

ialt noteredes ikke færre end 421 forskellige Arter og Varieteter. 

Heraf var godt og vel 213, nemlig 283 Aqaricaceer; Resten hørte til 

Myxomycetes) Ascomucet es, Aphyllophorales og Gasteromycetes. Medens 

Individantallet i Als Nørreskov og de øvrige undersøgte Løvskovlokaliteter 

ikke var særligt paafaldende, var Svampefloraen me 

get rig i Frøslev Plantage. I denne Plantage , som væsentligt bestaar 

af Rødgran, "vr imlede" det ligefrem med Svampe i Skovbunden, 

baade med spredt voksende Arter som Mycena epi pteruqu», M. m e 

t ata og M. perjoroms og hekseringdannende Arter som Clitocybe inve 

r sa) C. -nebularis, Collybia asema og Tricholoma niuium, og talrige 

af Granstødene var bevoksede med Polyporus omnosus, hvis lysebrune 

Frugtlegemer med den iøjnefaldende hvide Tilvækstrand 

"lyst e op " paa lang Afstand. Frøslev Plantage er aabenbart en god 

Svampelokalitet , thi ogsaa paa Ekskursionen dertil paa den tidligere 

Kongres i 1936 "myldrede" Svampene frem (se "Friesia" II, S. 

128-130). 

Det noter ede Antal pa a ialt 425 Arter og Varieteter er i sig selv 

me get stort, navnlig naar man ser hen til det ret sene Tidspunkt fo r 

Kongr ess ens Afholdelse. Dels i Betragtning heraf, dels fordi det 

alt id har st or Interesse at vide, hvor mange Svampe der faktisk kan 

indsamles i Løbet af et Par Dage, hidsættes nedenfor en f u l ds 

t æ n d i g Liste over alle de fundne Arter og Varieteter. Der er 

anvendt føl gende Signaturer for de enkelte Lokaliteter: D = Omegnen 

af Danebod Højskole, bl. a. Fredskoven; F = Frøslev Plantage; 

K = Kollund Krat; N = Als Nørreskov; R = Rumohrsgaards 

Dyrehave ; S = Sønderhav (Hønsnap Skov).

Myxomycetes 

Lycogala epidendron (N, S ) 

Stemonitis fusca (N) 

Asco mycetes 

Cordyceps militaris (F) 

Coryne sarcoides (N, S) 

Geoglossum viride (N) 

Helotium virgultorum t Faqu», N) 

Heleella atra (N), crispa (N), elastica 

(O), lacunosa (N, 0, S) 

Hypoxylon coccineum ( Fagus) N) 

Lachnea hemisphaerica (N) 

Leotia lubrica (F, N) 

P eziza aurantia (F, N), badia (N), 

carbonaria (F) , leporina (F, 

NL macropus (F), succosa 

(N), v esiculosa (N), violacea 

(F) 

Rutstroemia firma (Quercus ) F, R , 

S) 

U stulina maxima (S) 

Xylaria hypoxylon (Fagus) N), 

(Sorbus aucuparia, R), (S), 

longipes (Fagus) N, R), polymorpha 

(Fagus) N, S ) 

Heterobasidiomycetes 

Trernellales 

Ca loc era comea (Fagus) K, N ) , 

viscosa (F, N ) 

Dacryomyces deliquescens (N, S ) 

E xidia albida t F aq u«, S), g landulos 

a (Fagus) N), pithya (Picea, 

S ) , truncata ( Qu ercus) F) 

T r em ella me sen te r i ca (F, N ) 

Vuilleminia comedens (Fagus) N, 

R, S , ) 

Homobasidiomycetes 

Aphyllophorales 

Clavaria am ethystina ( S), ciner ea 

(N, R , S ) , cristata (F, N ) , 

fistulosa (N), gracilis ( F ) , 

j un cea ( N, S ), ochraceo-vir 

ens (F), pistillaris ( N), r 'Mgosa 

( N, S ) , stricta ( N , S ) 

Con io p ho r a arida ( Picea., F '), cerebella 

(Pi cea, F ) 

Cor t i ci u m centrifugurn ( Picea, F ) , 

confine (Fagus) D , K , N ) , confluens 

( Fagus) D , N) , t Picea, 

F) , coronatum (Pioea, F ) , 

- 238- 

ev olvens (Fagus) K, N) , [umosum 

( Picea, Mos, Jord, F ) , 

t Uetulina, K), (M os, Jord, N ) , 

Lundellii ( Picea) F ) , p r u i n a 

( Picea) F ) , ps eudotsugae (Picea, 

F ) , sambuci ( Fagus) N ), 

(Sambucus nigra) D ) , sphaer 

ospor u m ( N) , subcoronatum 

tPicea, F), tulasnelloideum 

( Fagus) D , N ) 

Daedalea gibbosa (Fagus) R, S ) , 

quercina ( Quercus) K, N ) 

Gloeocustuiiwm. coroni jerumi ( Fagus) 

K), Eichle'ri (Fagus) N ) , 

inaequale t Picea, F, N ) , lactese 

ens (Fturu«, K, N ) , r oseocremeum 

(Fagus) N), tenue 

(Mos, Pic ea, K) 

Gr andinia farinacea (Fagus) S ), 

( Picea, N) , m icrosp ora ( Fagus 

) D , K , N), mutabilis (Cerasus 

, D ) 

Hydnum repandum (N, S ) 

Lenzites saepiaria ( Picea, S ) 

M erulius corium (Sambucus niqra, 

N), tremellosus (Faaue, N ) 

Mycoleptodon fimbriatum ( N) , 

ochracewm. (Mos, Picea, F ) 

Odonti a bicolor ( N) , granulosa 

( N) 

P eniop hora alutaria (F, N ) , by ssoides 

(Blade a f F nqu«, S), 

( Picea, F ), cinerea ( Ftunos, 

N), detritica (Pi cea, F, N), 

f r ax in ea ( Fraxinus) N), glebu 

losa t Picea, F ) , hydnoides 

( Picea) F ) , incarnata ( F , N) , 

ly ci i ( Oastanea, Praæinus, D) , 

quercina (Faqu«, K ) , ( Quercus 

) R ) , setigera (Løvtræ, N ) , 

ve lu t in a (Piceo., F, N ) 

P hlebi a aurantiaca ( N) 

P lat y g lo ea peniophorae ( Gloeocystidium 

tenue, K ) 

P oly po r u s adustus (Faou«, D , N , 

R , S ), annosus (Picea) F , N ) , 

applanatus (Faqws, S), br u 

malis ( Fagus) N ) , cae sius (Fagus) 

R ) , ( Picea, F ) , connatus 

( U lrnus, D ) , elegans ( Faqus, 

D , N ) , f u mosus (Fagus) N , 

R) , nidu lans ( N ), p er enn is 

( S), radiatus ( Fagus) K, N) , 

squaan osus ( N, S) , sulphureus 

( Qu er cu s) D) , v arius tFaqus, 

N, S ) , v ersicolor (Fagus) D, 

N , S) 

P oria ferruginosa (Fagus) S ) , sanguinolenta 

( Fagus) Qu ercu s} 

N , S ) , versipora (Foq u«, N , S )

Pterula m ulti/ida (F) 

Sebacina grisea (Fagus) D) 

Sistotrema Brinkmannii (Fraxinus) 

N) 

Stereum fuseum (Fagus) S), hirsutum 

(Fagus) N, S) , rubi g i 

nosum (Quereus) N , S), rugosum 

tFoqu», N, S ) , sanguinolentum 

tPicea , F) 

Thel ephora palmata (F) , t errestr is 

(F, N) 

Tomentella asterospor a (M os, F ) , 

[usca (Fagus) K, N), mucidula 

(Pieea ) Mos, F), pseudojusca 

(Fagus) K , S) , tPi cea., 

F) 


Agaricales 

Boletus badi us (F, N) , eh r ys enter 

on (F, N) , ed uli s ( N , S), miniatopor 

us (N), seab er (N, O) , 

subtom entosus (N, S) 

Oantharellus ei bari u s (F, N), tuba 

eformis (N, S) 

Oratereltus cornueopioides (N, S) 

A manita m appa (højstokket Form, 

K), (N, S), musearia (F), (to 

Eksemplarer under Bøg og Eg, 

K), (N, S), phalloides (S), 

rubescens (K, N, S) 

A manitopsis vaginata (O), vaginata 

v. badia (N) 

Armillaria m ellea (D), (Quercus) 

R), (Fagus) S) 

Oamarophyllus niv eus ( N), prat 

ens i s (F) 

Olitoeybe aggr egata (N) , aurantiaca 

(F), cerussata ( S ) , eer 

ussata v. pityophila (O) , brumalis 

(F), eandieans (F), clav 

i pe s (F), diatreta (F), dieolor 

(F, N), ditopus (F, N), 

/ragrans (F, R) , geotropa (D, 

N, O, S), inv ersa (F, N) , nebularis 

(F, R, S), odo ra (F) , 

subalutaeea (N) , v ib eeina (F) 

Olitopilus prunulus (N) 

Oollybia ambusta (N, R), asema 

(F, S), butyraeea (F, N), eirrhata 

(N), confluens (N, S), 

eonigena (R), dryophila (N), 

inolens (F), maeulata (F), 

ozes (F), platyphylla (N), radieata 

(S), raneida (F, N) , 

tenacella (F, N, R) 

- 239 

Ooprinus atramentarius (F, N ) , 

eom atus (N, S) , lagopus (N), 

m icac eus (Frax inus ) D) , (F) , 

nareotieus (N) , pi eaeeus ( D, 

N , S ) , plieatilis (F, N) 

Oort inariu e al boviolaeeus (S), anom 

alus (N, S), bijor m i s (F) , 

brunn eus (F) , caninus ( O ) , 

cinnamO?neus (F) , croce o-caeruleu 

e (N, O) , er ystallinus (O, 

S) , deeipiens (F, N) , decolor 

atus (N), elat i er (N, S), [leæipes 

( F) , hinnuleus (D, H a ven, 

N) , infraetus ( N) , malieor ius 

( F , N ) , nemorensis (S), m u ltifor 

m i s (R), obtus u s (F, N , O ), 

ps eu dosa lor ( N), r igidus ( F, 

N ), sanguineus (F), seandens 

( F ) , spilomeus v. depaup erat 

u s ( F ) , t ab ular i s (N) , tor v us 

(N) , t urgidus ( N) 

Or epidotus m ollis (Fagu s) D) , variabilis 

(N, S), variabilis v. 

subsphaerospor us ( N) 

Eeeilia r h odocylix (S ) 

Ent oloma nidorosum (N, S ), r hodopolium 

(D, R) 

F lammula aimicola (N), astragalina 

(F) , gum mosa (N), lenia 

(N, S), p en etrans (N) 

Galera ambigua (N, S ), ba dipes 

(F), elavata (F), hypnorum 

(F, N), mniophila (F) , myeenopsis 

(F), rubiginosa (F), 

t en er a (F,N), oi i taej ormis (F) 

H ebelo rna erustulini/o1'me (N, S), 

longieaudum (F, N) , mesophaeum 

(N, S) , sinapi zans (N, 

S) , strophosum (S) 

Hygroeybe m iniat u s (S) 

Hypholoma eapnoides (F, N), coto 

n eum (S) , disper sum ( F ), 

[ascicular e (D, F), hydrophilum 

(Fagus) D , N) , melan tin 

u m (N, S) , rtuii coswni (F) , 

sublateritium (D, F , R) 

Inoeybe asterospora (N, S), 000k 

ei (N) , /astigi ata (N) , g eophylla 

(N, S), lanuginosa (F), 

maeu lat a (N), petiginosa (Fagus) 

N, S), umbrina (S) 

Laeearia laccata v . amet hy stin a 

(S) , laccaia v. r osella (D, F) 

Laerymaria laerymabundum (N) 

Lactarius blennius (N, S), eamphoratus 

(N), eireellatus (S) , 

eremor (N) , deliciosus (F) , 

fuliginosus (R), glyeiosmus 

( N , S), pallidus (N, S) , pyro-

gaIus (Oorutu« , N), qu ietus 

( N), rufus (F), rubrocinctus 

(N), subdulcis (N, S), tabuiu« 

(F) , t u rpis (S) , v ellereus (N) 

L epiota am ianthina (F, N), Buckn 

allii (R), carcharias (F, N), 

castanea (S), cristata (N) , 

clupeol arui (F), f elina (F), 

procera (D, F), rhacodes (F, 

N), seminuda (S) 

L eptonia lampropus (N), seric ella 

(N) 

L ianacello. lenticularis (F) 

Limacium chr y sodon (N), ebu r 

n eum (D, N, S), leu cophaeu m 

(N), olivaceo- album (F) , p enarium 

(S), pustulaturn. (F, R) 

Marasmius alliac eus (N, S ) , androsaceus 

(N, S), Hudson i i 

(Blade af Ilex, S), oretui es (F) , 

p erforans (F, N), peronatus 

(F, N), ramealis (N, S), r ecubans 

(F, N), rotula (N, S) 

Mucidula m ucida (Fagus ) N, R) 

Mycena alcali na (F, N), ammoniaca 

( F, N), capillaris (Blade 

af Ftuncs, N, S), citrino-marginata 

(F) , crocata (N, S), 

debilis (F, N), ep i p te r y gi a 

(F), (Kogle, N), (S), [ ilopes 

(F, N), galericulata (R, S), 

galopus (F, N, R), gypsea (N), 

leptocephala (N), lineata (F, 

N), m etata (R, S), peIianthina 

(N), polygramma (R), pterig 

ena (N, R) , pura (N, S), 1'0rida 

(F), roseIla (F'), sanguinolenta 

(K, N), sepia (N), v i 

tilis (K, N), vulgaris (F) 

Naucoria centunculus (F» cucumis 

(N, S), eschar ouies (N), scorpioides 

(N), sideroides (F, N) 

N olanea cetrata (S), fumosella (D) , 

icterina (N), infula (D, Haven), 

papillata (N) 

OmphaIia abiegna (F), asteroepora 

(F), fibula (F, N), gracillima 

( F), (Ur tica dioeca, N), maura 

(Brandplet, F) , sp eirea (F, 

N), Swartzii (F) 

Pasuteolus acuminatus (F) 

Panus stipticus (Quercus) N, S) 

Paxillus atrotomentosus (F) 

Pholiota adiposa (Fagus) N, S), 

aurivella (Fagus) K), [lammans 

(F), filaris (N), marginata 

(Picea, F 1 N, R), mutabiIis 

(D, S), radicosa (N, S), 

spectabilis (Fagu,s) N, S), 

squarrosa (Fagus) N, S) 

240 

Pieurotu e mitis tPicea, F) , ostr eatus 

tFaqu «, F, O) 

P lu teus cer v inus (Fagus) N, S) , 

n anus (N ) 

Psalliota a bTuptibulba (F) , ar v ensi 

s (D , H a v en) , semota (F), 

silv ati ca (F, N), silvicola (F) 

P sa t hyrella gr acili s ( N , S ) 

Pseudocoprimus disseminatus (N) 

RiparUte s helo mor plui (F) , t vicholo 

ma (F) 

Russula alutacea (N) , atropurpurea 

(N) , cyanoxantha (N, 

S), delica (R, S), d ens ifolia 

( N , S) , fallax (N), [ etlea (R, 

S), l epida (S), L innaei (S) , 

M air ei ( N, R, S ) , nauseosa 

sensu B r esadola (F) , nigricans 

(N) , (med Superposition, 

S), ochroleu ca (R, S ) , 

pu ellar i s ( F, N), Qw §letii ( F , 

N, S), serotina ( N ) , sotarie 

(N) , vesca (N, S), veternosa 

(N, R, S) , violacea sensu 

Quelet ( F ), xeranvpeiina (F) 

Stropharui aeruainosa (K, N) , J erdonii 

(F), sem iglobata (F), 

squamosa (K, R J S) 

'I' rich.olomo. atrosquamosum ( N) , 

[uniobrunmeurn. (N), geminum 

(F), gTammopodium (N, S), 

lascuou rn. (N) , murinacewni 

(N), myomyces (N), nudum 

(F, N, S), p ersonaturn. (D, 

Haven), pessundatum (N), POTt 

entosum (N), ru .tilam« (F, N), 

saponaceum (S y, sapcnaceum. 

v, cnista (N), sulphureum (N, 

S), ustale (K, N) , v accinum 

(F) 

Tubaria jurfwmcea (N, S), inquilina 

(N) 


Gasteromycetes 

Cyathus crucib ul wm. (F, N ), olla 

(N) 

Geaster co ronatus (F) 

Lycoperdon g emmatttm (N, S), nigresc 

ens (F), piriior-me (D, 

S), saccatum (F, O), umbrinum 

(F) 

Phallus caninus (N) , im.pudicus 

(F, N) 

Scleroderma ver Tu cosu m (F, N), 

vulgaTe (F) 

Sphaerobolus stellatus (F)

- 241- 

Af de noterede Svampe er der maaske særlig Grund til at fremhæve 

den lille, smukke Marasmius Hudsonii, der kun vokser paa visne 

Kristtornblade, og som tidligere kun vides at være paavist af Po u l 

L a r s e n (se "Flora Agaricina Danica", Vol. II, S. 27). Den er 

kendetegnet navnlig ved lange, purpurrøde Børster paa Hatoverfladen 

(sml. hosstaaende Foto). I øvrigt er flere af de anførte resupinate 

Arter i Følge M. P. C h r i s t i a n s e n fundet for første Gang 

i Danmark. 

Marasmius Hudsonii med de ejendommelige, lange Børster paa Hatover- • 

fladen. Fat. E. H e Il m e r s. X 10. 

Paa Kongressens sidste Aften drøf'tedes under stor Interesse et 

Forslag om at indlede en nærmere Undersøgelse af Storsvampenes 

Udbredelse i Danmark. Man vedtog enstemmigt at iværksætte en 

saadan Undersøgelse under Navnet "Danmarks mykologisk-topografiske 

Undersøgelse", der skal arbejde efter de samme Retningslinier 

som den i sin Tid oprettede "Danmarks botanisk-topografisk Undersøgelse". 

I Arbejdsudvalget indvalgtes cand. mag. E. B i Il e H a nsen, 

Postmester J. P. Jensen og Universitetsadjunkt Morten 

L a n g e. Udvalget har senere udsendt en alfabetisk ordnet Liste 

over 100 særlig udvalgte, let kendelige Svampearter, om hvilke Undersøgelsen 

indtil videre skal koncentrere sig. Artslisten giver des- 

FRIESIA IV 16

- 242 - 

uden nærmere Anvisning paa de Oplysninger, der navnlig ønskes 

fremskaffet. 

Denne Beretning kan ikke afsluttes, uden at der rettes en hjertelig 

Tak til Forstander T e r k e l s e n og Frue for deres enestaaende 

venlige Gæstfrihed over for Deltagerne, en Gæstfrihed, der i høj 

Grad bidrog til at gøre Kongressen til en stor Oplevelse, som vi 

længe vil bevare i vor Erindring. 

N. F a b r i t i u s B li C h w a Id.

FRIESIA IV, 1951 PLATE XVIII

FRIESIA IV, 1951 PLATE XIX

FPJESIA IV, 1951 PLATE XX 

Q. 

b.

FRIESIA IV, 1951 PLATE XXI 

l e.

Friesia udkommer i Hefter med tvangfrit Mellemrum. Ny tiltrædende 

Medlemmer af Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme 

faar gratis tilstillet, hvad der er udgivet i Indtrædelsesaaret. Aarskontingent 

er 6 Kr. 

Sekretariatets og Redaktionens Adresse er Rolighedsvej 23, København 

V. Her modtages saavel Ind- og Udmeldelser af Foreningen som 

Anmeldelser om Flytning. Al Korrespondance vedrørende Tidsskriftet 

rettes til samme Adresse. 

Af det afsluttede "Meddelelser fra Foreningen til Svampekundskabens 

Fremme" haves endnu et Restoplag, der kan afgives 

til en Pris af 5 Kr. pr. Bd. (Bd. I, 1912-15, inkompl.; Bd. II-IV, 

1916-30, kompl.) . 

Friesia is published at irregular intervals. 

Subscription priee, Danish crowns 6.00 per year. 

Address: The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College, Rolighedavej 

23, Copenhagen V, Denmark. 

Back Volumes. "Friesia" is a continuation of the former periodical 

"Meddelelser fra Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme" (Contributions 

from the Society for the Advancement of Mycology in Denmark), 

of which b a c k vo l u m e s may be obtained at Danish 

crowns 5.00 per volume (Vol. I, 1912-15, incompl.; Vol. II-IV, 

1916-30, compI.) . 

The price of single numbers of volume IV is Danish crowns 15.00. 

Address: The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College, Roligbedsvej 

23, Copenhagen V, Denmark. 

Back Volumes. "Friesia" is a continuation of the former periodical 

"Meddelelser fra Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme" (Contributions 

from the Society for the Advancement of Mycology in Denm 

obtained at Danish

Friesia IV, 3

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