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THE )<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BEITISH AMD FOEEIGN.<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
Seniok Assistant, Department op Botany, British Museum (Natural History),<br />
South Kensington.<br />
VOL. XXVIII.<br />
ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES.<br />
LONDON<br />
WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN.<br />
1890.<br />
:<br />
9
LONDON<br />
WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PEINTEHS,<br />
HATTON GARDEN, E.C.
C. C. Babington, M.A., F.R.S.<br />
J. E. Bagnall, A.L.S.<br />
L. H. Bailey.<br />
E. G. Baker, F.L.S.<br />
J. G. Baker, F.R.S.<br />
A. Barclay. M.B.<br />
G. Barrett-Hamilton.<br />
E. M. Barrington, F.L.S.<br />
W. H. Beeby, A.L.S.<br />
John Benbow, F.L.S.<br />
A. W. Bennett, M.A., B. Sc.<br />
Arthur Bennett, F.L.S.<br />
H. Boswell, M.A.<br />
G. S. BOULGER, F.L.S.<br />
E. Braithwaite, M.D., F.L.S.<br />
T. R. Archer Briggs, F.L.S.<br />
James Britten, F.L.S.<br />
N. L. Britton, M.D.<br />
E. Brown.<br />
Cecil Butler, M.A.<br />
J. B. Carruthers. F.L.S.<br />
W. Carruthers, F.R.S.<br />
C. B. Clarke, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
G. C. Druce, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
G. F. Scott Elliott, M.A.,<br />
F.L.S.<br />
H. Feer.<br />
E. D. Fitzgerald, F.L.S.<br />
T. B. Flower, F.L.S.<br />
W. 0. FocKK, M.D.<br />
Alfred Fryer.<br />
F. J, George.<br />
Antony Gepp, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
L. S. Glascott.<br />
Henry Groves.<br />
James Groves, F.L.S.<br />
CONTKIBUTORS<br />
TO THE PRESENT VOLUME.<br />
F. J. Hanbury, F.L.S.<br />
W. B. Hemsley, F.R.S.<br />
W. M. Hind, LL.D.<br />
E. M. Holmes, F.L.S.<br />
C. W. Hope.<br />
James Jack, F.L.S.<br />
J. R. Jackson, A.L.S.<br />
E. F. Linton, M.A.<br />
W. R. Linton, M.A.<br />
George Massee, F.R.M.S.<br />
David McArdle.<br />
E. S. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
W. F. Miller.<br />
H. W. MONINGTON.<br />
G. R. M. Murray, F.L.S.<br />
Percy W. Myles, B.A., F.L.S.<br />
W. H. Pearson.<br />
T. A. Preston, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
A. B. Rendle, B.A., F.L.S.<br />
W. Roberts.<br />
R. A. RoLFE, A.L.S.<br />
F. C. S. Roper, F.L.S.<br />
John Roy, LL.D.<br />
E. S. Salmon.<br />
James Saunders.<br />
D. H. Scott, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
Reginald W. Scully, F.L.S.<br />
h. t. soppitt.<br />
Frederic Townsend, M.P.,M.A.,<br />
F.L.S.<br />
John Weathers.<br />
William West, F.L.S.<br />
J. W. White, F.L.S.<br />
William Whitwell.<br />
F. N. Williams, F.L.S.
Tab. 293<br />
Tabs. 294 & 295<br />
Tab. 296<br />
» 297<br />
„ 298<br />
Portrait<br />
Tab. 299<br />
Portrait<br />
Directions to Binder.<br />
to face page 1<br />
33<br />
65<br />
161<br />
257<br />
289<br />
321<br />
353<br />
Or all may be placed together at the end of the volume.
sydnev Parkinson dd.<br />
1 .Tri-umfetta sulopalmata Solaruj^^:<br />
• 2 procuxntens Forster.<br />
Tab. 293.<br />
West-.TTewm^jx inrp
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOEEIGN.<br />
ON AN OBSCURE SPECIES OF TFilUMFETTA,<br />
By W. Bottino Hemsley, F.R.S., A.L.S.<br />
(Plate 293).<br />
Several species of Tiiumfetta are essentially sea-side plants,<br />
inhabiting sandy shores, close down to the high-water line in<br />
tropical regions ; and two or three species are Avidely dispersed in<br />
the remote islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, being among<br />
the earlier herbaceous flowering plants, with such others as Iponuea<br />
hiloha Forsk. (/. rcs-i'aprcc Sweet) and Canavalia ubtusi/olia DC,<br />
that establish themselves on coral islands, from seeds cast ashore<br />
in their light prickly fruits by tidal waves. The commonest of<br />
them is T. procumhens Forster, named, it may be observed, by one<br />
of the botanists to Captain Cook's second voyage round the<br />
world ; but with this another species has been confused by later<br />
botanists, including myself in my various contributions to insular<br />
floras in the botany of the ' Challenger ' Expedition and elsewhere,<br />
although it had been distinguished and named in manuscript<br />
attached to specimens in the herbarium of the British Museum by<br />
Banks and Bolander, the botanists to Cook's first voyage.<br />
Some four or five years ago, it fell to my lot to name a small<br />
collection of dried plants, made by the late Dr. M. Eraser in<br />
British North Borneo. Among these plants was the Tn'ianj'i'tta in<br />
question, which had been confused with T. procumhcna, and I<br />
identified it with specimens collected in Northumberland Islands,<br />
off the coast of Queensland, by Robert Brown, on Flinders's<br />
voyage to Australia, and bearing the unpublislied name of T.<br />
sul>}ialiiuita Solander. At the same time I examined all the specimens<br />
of Triumfettu in the Kew Herbarium referred to 7'. jirocutiihena,<br />
and I had no difficulty in distinguishing two forms or species ; but<br />
as there was no intention of publishing an account of the Bornean<br />
collection, nothing further was done in the matter.<br />
In the early part of 1889, however, we received, at Kew, a collection<br />
of dried plants made by Dr. Ouppy in the Keeling or<br />
JoiiKNAL Of lioTANY.—Vol. 2H. [Ja.n. 1890.] B
2 EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1880.<br />
Cocos IsLmcls, in the Indian Ocean, and this collection contained<br />
both the true Triimfetta procumhens and T. siibpalnmta.'-''<br />
I accordingly requested Mr. E. G. Baker, of the Botanical<br />
Department, British Museum, to examine the original specimens<br />
conserved there, which he did, and also kindly furnished me with<br />
tracings of original drawings ; and I have since had the opportunity<br />
of comparing them myself, with the result that there is no<br />
doubt that two very distinct species have been confused under the<br />
name of T. prociuuJhms. They may be defined briefly as follows :<br />
1. Triuiiifcitit prociDiihi'iis Forster Prodr. Fl. Ins. Austral, p. 35 ;<br />
Hook, et Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. p. GO (non Bentli. Fl. Austral, i.<br />
p. 273, nee auct. alior., saltern pro maxima parte). Syn. T. ciassifolia<br />
Solander; Seem. Fl. Vit. p. 2G, et forsan T. Fabreand Gaud.<br />
Bot. Voy. Freyc. t. 102. Folia longe petiolata, molliter tomentosa,<br />
rotundato ovata vel cordata, indivisa vel trilobata, simul crenata.<br />
Fructus longe flaccideque multiaculeatus, aculeis pluraosis.<br />
2. Triumfetta subpalmata Solander, Herb. Mus. Brit, et<br />
in Icon. Park, in Bibl. Mus. Brit, ined., syn. T. prucitiiiln'ns Benth.<br />
Fl. Austral, i. p. 273, pneter specimen a A. Cunningham lectum.<br />
Folia breviter petiolata, rigida, scabrida, alte 3-5-lobata, simul<br />
argute dentata. Fructus breviter rigideque aculeatus, aculeis<br />
glabris.<br />
There are slight differences in the flowers of these two species,<br />
but I have limited the diagnoses to their striking? characteristics.<br />
The first is apparently much the more widely spread, ranging from<br />
Seychelles, Diego Garcia, and the Keeling Islands, through the<br />
Malay Archipelago, and all over Western Polynesia ;<br />
and A. Cun-<br />
ningham collected it in Fitzroy Island, off the coast of Queensland.<br />
The second is known to inhabit Java and Borneo, several<br />
islands off' the coast of Cochin China, the Keeling Islands, and the<br />
Northumberland, Howick, Frankland, and other groups of islands<br />
off the coast of Queensland,<br />
The accompanying figures are from the original drawings by<br />
Sydney Parkinson in the Department of Botany of the British<br />
Museum.<br />
EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1889.<br />
By the Rev. Edward S. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
During the past season, I have examined many thousands of<br />
living specimens, chiefly in W. Surrey, paying special attention to<br />
hybrids. The result has been gratifying, as several combinations<br />
new to the British Flora have been obtained (marked below witli<br />
an asterisk), and two of these had not been previously observed<br />
* It may bo mentioned in connection therewith, that the Keeling Islands<br />
are about (JUO miles from the nearest land, and were first botanically and otherwise<br />
explored by Darwin ;<br />
and Dr. Gappy went thither to investigate more fully<br />
tlic composition and origin of the liora ami other phenomena, the results of<br />
which liave not yot, I be!ie\c, been ])ul)li>^hi'd.
EPILOBIDM NOTES FOR 1889. 3<br />
elsewliere. Specimens from nearly all my gatherings (amounting<br />
to close on 170), were sent, together with some others collected by<br />
Messrs, Beeby, Bennett, Geldart, and the Piev. E. F. Linton, to<br />
Prof. Hausskuecht. I cannot sufficiently thank him for his great<br />
kindness, and the care with which he has scrutinized such a large<br />
and troublesome mass of material. In the great majority of<br />
instances, he has confirmed my suggested names ; and, in almost<br />
every case where it was otherwise, 1 can see the correctness of his<br />
trained opinion. Dr. Buchanan White has also sent me his<br />
Perthshire willow-herbs to look<br />
below, to tlie best of my ability.<br />
over, some of which are named<br />
Nearly all our species vary greatly, within certain well-defined<br />
limits, the variations being usually traceable to climate, soil, or<br />
situation. But I can find no connecting links (other than crosses)<br />
between such allied plants as adiuitni/i, Lamijl and uhscnrum, or<br />
lanceolatum and ntontamun. Here the importance of studying the<br />
spring or autumn rosettes is well illustrated; for the "lifehistory<br />
" of the plants reveals structural difiereuces which are<br />
seldom visible in herbarium-specimens.<br />
The hybrids are, as might have been expected, even more<br />
variable ; being subject to the same local influences, and also<br />
inclining, sometimes to the one, sometimes to the other parent.<br />
In many cases they are readily distinguishable, wlien fresh and in<br />
good condition (of course careful drying is necessary, if the<br />
characters are to be well shown) ; but in others, such as the<br />
combinations of the '' tetrat/untim" group with one another, the<br />
determination is far from easy. A fair knowledge of the forms<br />
assumed by the parent species is indispensable, in order to attain<br />
anything like certainty. Hybrids between plants belonging to the<br />
sections " Synstigma " and " Schizostigma " appear to have the<br />
stigma, almost invariably, what may be called " obsoletely four-<br />
cleft."<br />
It will be observed that three "triple hybrids" are mentioned.<br />
When writing his monograph. Prof. Haussknecht does not seem to<br />
have been convinced that such things existed in the genus ; but ho<br />
names the undermentioned ones with no expression of doubt, and<br />
I have no choice but to record them on his authority.<br />
I think it probable that our list of British hybrids may be<br />
increased to about forty, even if K. collimon (which Mr. JJruce<br />
tells me he failed to find again in its only known British station)<br />
should prove to be really an extreme rarity with up. The work<br />
done by j\Ir. Archer Briggs around Plymouth, and Mr. Towndrow<br />
at Malvern, together with the result of two years' study in one<br />
corner of Surrey, proves that local botanists, in neighbourhoods<br />
where several species occur, can do much to increase our knowledge<br />
of the British willow-herbs.<br />
EpII.OBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM L., f. hritc/n/rdljiil (A'. lirachl/CdlJiUDI<br />
Leighton). The Itev. E. F. Linton has shewn me this, from the<br />
ravine of the Unich Water, Forfarshire, which is several miles<br />
distant from any garden ; and I have seen it from several mountainous<br />
parts of Perth and Aberdeen. This quite disposes of the<br />
132
4 EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1889.<br />
allegation that it is not indigenous. In the same spot, near<br />
Tilford, where I gathered it last year, I could only find the f.<br />
macrocarpn this season ; and strongly suspect, as I had not<br />
interfered with the roots, that the same individuals had produced<br />
the two different capsules in two successive years, having been<br />
duly fertilized in the second, but not in the first.<br />
E. PARviFLORUM Schreb., f. aprica. This proves to be an exceedingly<br />
common state of the plant in Surrey, and doubtless is so<br />
elsewhere ; varying in height from six inches upwar'ds. A specimen<br />
gathered on weald clay, near Hambledon, was 53 inches high<br />
by actual measurement, and stout in proportion. In one case it<br />
occurred as a sport, with the leaves in threes :<br />
f. trifoliata. This I have also seen from Perthshire. A shadegrown<br />
state from Worplesdon is f. umbrosa, with flaccid, brightgreen<br />
leaves. Mr. Beeby collected another, in a meadow near<br />
Felbritlge, Surrey, with short, broadly ovate-acute leaves, which is<br />
referred to f. brevifoHa = K. cordatxim Biv.<br />
E. MONTANUM L., f. albijiora. Near Witley, Surrey; Finlarig,<br />
Perthshire (leg. F. B. White). Seemingly much scarcer in Britain<br />
than a state which has the unfertilized flowers white, afterwards<br />
changing to pale pink, as in lanceolatum and roseum.<br />
f. verticiUata . Not unfrequent about Witley. I also have it<br />
from Tilford, and from Wye, E. Kent ; and Dr. White found it at<br />
Lynedoch, Perthshire. Koch and Gi*enier and Godron ranked it<br />
as a variety ; but I doubt its constancy, and, at best, it is no more<br />
than a " sport."<br />
E. LANCEOLATUM Scb. & Maur. Mr. Bennett sends a seedling<br />
form from near Croydon, which appears to be a new locality.<br />
f. simplex. Sunny bank near Bowler Green ; a small, unbranched,<br />
probably seedling plant, 4-10 in. high.<br />
f. umbrosa. Lfines near Brook and Bowler Green. Leaves usually<br />
flaccid, light-green, longer and broader than in the open-ground<br />
state, which not unfrequeutly reaches a height of three feet.<br />
E. KosEUM Schreb. The Kev. E. F. Linton has gathered this<br />
near Nayland, Suffolk (a new county record). Among the states<br />
which I have collected this year, one from a cottage-garden near<br />
Witley is placed near f. anyustifoUa ; the leaves are lanceolate,<br />
erect, rather shortly petioled.<br />
i. ximbrosa. Elstead and Worplesdon, by wooded streamlets;<br />
also sent by Messrs. Bennett and Miller, from gardens at Croydon ;<br />
and by Mr. Beeby, from Felbridge. A glabrescent plant, with<br />
deep-green, thin, broad, flaccid leaves, the lower ones on long<br />
stalks ; flowers small.<br />
E. ADNATUM Griseb., f. simplex. Near Tilford and Hascombe,<br />
Surrey, and between Cranbrook and Benenden, E. Kent; usually<br />
the seedling plant, but sometimes a starved state of poor soils that<br />
has survived the winter. If cultivated, it quickly changes, like all<br />
the " forms " I have experimented with.<br />
i. steiiophijJIa. Witley, Tilford and Hascombe, Surrey; Cowick,<br />
Yorks. This appears to be the usual state in my neighbourhood.<br />
f, umbrosa. In a shady fii'-plantation near Tilford.
EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1889. 5<br />
E, OBscuRUM Sclireb. On sandy soil, even wlieu decideilly dry,<br />
this often spreads over a square yard of ground by its rooting<br />
stolons, about the thickness of packing-thread ; they frequently<br />
connect the plants, even at the floweringseason, which explains<br />
the name of '* clwrdurlnztun " given to this species by Fries.<br />
f. annua. Near Cranbrook, Kent.<br />
f. Ntricti/ulia. Tilford and Hascombe, Surrey ; Kingshouse,<br />
Argyle ; also roadside near Bridge of Lochay, Perthshire (leg.<br />
Meldrum).<br />
f. vditur. Gravelly stream-side near Inveroran, Argyle.<br />
f. elatior. Strathord, Perthshire (leg. B. ^Yhite), etc.<br />
f. ftdccida. Felbridge, Surrey (leg. Beeby) ; Broxy, Perthshire<br />
(leg. 13. White),<br />
f. crassicanUs. This is the most luxuriant and strongest state that<br />
I have met with, preferring sunny slopes on a light soil; it often<br />
reaches four feet in height, with a stem nearly as thick as a goosequill.<br />
It is plentiful in one looality near Witley ; and I have seen<br />
it from two Perth stations (leg. B. AVliite), as well as from<br />
Ehyader, Radnor (leg. Hanbury & Ley).<br />
[In the Boswell Herbarium there is a specimen of E. obscunim,<br />
gathered in " the fifties," which was labelled by one of our best<br />
botanists as " 7'-'. Lanuji,'" showing the confusion of names in this<br />
group, then prevalent]<br />
E. L.vjiYi F. Schultz. This plant is, beyond all question, a true<br />
native in W. Surrey, and fur from rare in my neighbourhood<br />
decidedly less so than K. adnatum. It occurs in all sorts of places,<br />
and often far from cultivation. In addition to several new stations<br />
about Witley, I have found it plentifully near Hambledon and<br />
Hascombe, and close to Woking Station. The general impression<br />
seems to be that it is a stnall. plant; but I have measured specimens<br />
36 and 37 inches in height, and that is scarcely abnormal for the<br />
"forma biennis.'"' It is often very much branched, and with<br />
several hundred flowers on a single specimen. The seedhng state<br />
(f. annua) is not unlike the similar form of /•-'. uhscurant in appearance,<br />
when dried, though easily distinguished by its texture,<br />
colouring, &c., w4ieu growing. The petals of Lnmi/i are, as a rule,<br />
longer and broader than those of vkscumni, and their tone of colour<br />
is difi'ereut, being rather a " i/ellow -rose" than a " purpU'-vose"<br />
the petals of adnatnni being usually smaller than in the other two,<br />
and more of a '' pinlc-rosc." These arc, however, somewhat<br />
empirical distinctions. I have not yet learnt to distinguish with<br />
certainty between the rosettes of Lann/i and adnatnni ; the former<br />
seem to have shorter, more petiolate, and more entire leaves, but<br />
I can see little dilference in texture and colouring. At the<br />
flowering-season, however, the two are not hard to separate, and I<br />
consider them both good species. K. ohscurnm is so totally alien to<br />
tliem in manner of development, that its degradation to a " sul)tipecies<br />
" appears quite groundless. K. Ldnnji should certainly be<br />
found in Sussex and Hants, and probably in several other counties.<br />
E. PALUSTRK L. This is not recorded in Top. But. for (11a-<br />
the llev. E. F. Linton recently gathered it, near Crymlyn.<br />
morgan ;
6 EPILOBIUM NOTES FOK 1880.<br />
It seems to vary almost indefinitely, especially in the Nortb, Mr.<br />
Miller sentls several forms from Caithness and Sutherland, and Mr.<br />
Beeby others from Shetland. I found a white -flowered state in<br />
Glen Falloch, Perthshire, and one with flesh-coloured flowers near<br />
Kingshouse, Argyle.<br />
Var, ItipponicHin Wahlenberg {e.r jua-tc) occurred very sparingly<br />
in a small bog near Kingshouse, Argyle, at 2000 ft., with J'L ana-<br />
HaUidi/oliwii, and I rather suspected it to be a hybrid. The stem<br />
is short (5 or 6 inches in my specimens), stout, erect from a curved<br />
base, few-flowered, nodding at the top, the lower leaves being<br />
obovate, more thimhalf as broad as long, glabrous, fleshy and rigid,<br />
broadly rounded at the tip ; the upper ones almost veinless, subglabrous<br />
; the flowers small (i in.), white or pale flesh-coloured.<br />
E. ALSiNEFOLiuM Vill. Specimens brought from Clova, last<br />
year, developed greatly in a shady corner of my garden, producing<br />
leaves nearly an inch broad, and flowers quite I in. across, when<br />
fully expanded ; but did not attain the luxuriance of a form found<br />
by Mr. Hanbury and myself m one of the side-valleys of Glen<br />
Etive, Argyle, which in some cases was 18 or 20 inches high. It<br />
grew in a mossy rill, at 2600 feet.<br />
E. ANAGALLiDiFOLiuM Lam., f. sccipnidfs. Li the same locality<br />
with the last-named plant. Mr. W. F. Miller also gathered it in<br />
1888, on Ben Lawers. In this state the capsule seems like a<br />
prolongation of the stem, which has thus a scape-like appeai^ance.<br />
It is described as single-flowered, but some of my specimens are<br />
three-flowered.<br />
I have been able, thanks to Mr. Hanbury, to carefully examine<br />
Dr. Boswell's willow-herbs, and can confidently say that, although<br />
he figures tiro plants in E. B., ed. 3, as " E. alpinnm" and " E.<br />
aiKKjallidifolixun'" (I have not seen these figures recently), all his specimens<br />
under both names are the present species, with the possible<br />
exception of a Braemar plant, which may be a hybrid. The same<br />
remark applies to the various specimens in Herb. Brit. Mus., and<br />
to the Perthshire set sent to me by Dr. White.<br />
*E. ADNATUM X Lamyi {E . semiadncttum Borbas). Near Tilford<br />
between Hambledon and Hascombe ;<br />
and in a wealden copse near<br />
Witley. Some of the specimens shew an approach to Lamyi, while<br />
others are nearer adnatnm. As a rule, the leaves have little<br />
tendency to be decurrent by their blade, as in the latter species,<br />
but are shortly pctioled. On record from some half-dozen localities<br />
in Germany, Switzerland, and Hungary.<br />
E. ADNATUM X OBScuRuai. Sandy ground near Tilford; very<br />
scarce. Quite a different form from that found last year near<br />
Witley, having grown in a drier situation and on a lighter soil.<br />
E. ADNATUM X PARviFLORUM (7?. Wdssenhurgcnse V . Schultz). In<br />
the same locality as the last, and also very scarce ; approaching<br />
(idudtKin in the fiowers, and parrijdontm in the loaves. I believe it<br />
has only been gathered before in Britain by Mr. Briggs, though<br />
known from twenty Continental stations. Several Plymouth<br />
specimens are at S. Kensington.<br />
""E. lUKsuTUM X LANCEOLATuai {E. Surrcijunuiii mihi), hybr. nov.
EPILOBIUM NOTES FOU 1889. 7<br />
By a small stream near Worpk'sdon, Surrey ; only two plants<br />
seen. " The toothing and colouring of the leaves point distinctly<br />
to E. lanccolatwn ; their shape is nearer JtirsutKDi, but in the young<br />
leaves the narrowing into the petiole can be clearly seen<br />
(Hausslai. in litt.]. In the specimen sent, the leaves are considerably<br />
nearer Idrsututu than in the other. I fully agree with the<br />
determination, which had not previously occurred to me, as I had<br />
not met with hniccohitnin in the neighbourhood ; it is, however,<br />
quite likely to be found, and no other combination will at all tit the<br />
plant, which is an unmistakable hybrid. Not having dug up the<br />
roots, I hope to gather it again. A short description may be of<br />
use;—Stem terete, without decurrent lines, sjftly hairy (uuich less<br />
so than iu Jtirsutiim), more or less branched from below the middle,<br />
lJ-2 ft. h'gh. Leaves ^-2 m. long, lanceolate, sessile or shortly<br />
petioled, denticulate, finely hairy on both sides, much tinged witli<br />
red when full-grown. Capsules small, ^-1^ in. long ; seeds<br />
undeveloped and shrivelled. ]3uds erect, apiculate, half the size of<br />
those of hirsiituni ; petals ^ in. long, deep rose. Style very long;<br />
stigma shortly and irregularly 4 -cleft.<br />
*E. HiKSUTUir X OBScuRUM ( /','. i)(tuiii), glabrous above, with short<br />
scattered hairs on the under-surrace. Ends of the young branches,<br />
and the under-surface of their young leaves, cano-pilose with<br />
white hairs. Capsules 1^-2 in. long, with whitish ascending hairs<br />
and a few glandular ones, slender; seeds all shrivelled and sterile.<br />
Jhids bluntly apiculate, about ^ the usual size of those oi hirsuttim<br />
petals rose-purple, f in.<br />
normal jKinijluruui.<br />
long; stigmas shortly 4-cleft, much as in<br />
I have given special names to these two plants, at Prof.<br />
Haussknecht's suggestion, and for the sake of uniformity, though<br />
the practice is a questionable one.<br />
"^'E. Ijamyi X i,AxcKOLATUM (/'A
8 EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1889.<br />
within fonr or five miles. The determination is clearly correct,<br />
thovigh there is a decided leaning towards Loimji. The Witley<br />
plants were quite unmistahable, being exactly inteniiediate between<br />
the two species. In both localities it was very scarce.<br />
"^E. Lasiyi X oBScURtM ( R . seiuiobscuncm Borbas). Near Til ford,<br />
and in an ash -plantation on the edge of the wealden near Witley<br />
(seeds imperfect) ; both parents being abundant in each case. As<br />
it would be natural to expect, this is a difficult hybrid to make<br />
certain of, especially when it approaches obsrurum : but my own<br />
determination is confirmed by Prof. Haussknecht. Its only<br />
previously recorded stations are the Ettersberg, a hill near Weimar,<br />
and Elm, near Brunswick ; the latter being very doubtful, as K.<br />
obscunun, f. minor, was erroneously assigned by Borbas, who named<br />
the Brunswick plant, to this hybrid.<br />
*E. Lamyi X PARViFLORUM {E. PaJatinum F. Schultz). Near<br />
Tilford, with the parents. Bather variable, but easily distinguished.<br />
Eecorded from six German stations.<br />
E. LANCEOLATUM X MONTANUM (7'.'. neotjmdieme Borbas). Scarce,<br />
on sunny slopes near Witley, where the two species grow intermingled<br />
in great profusion. There is a fine series in Herb. Brit.<br />
Mus., collected in several stations near Plymouth by Mr. Bi-iggs.<br />
E. LANCEOLATUM X OBSCUEUM [E . Ijamotteamim Hausskn.). In the<br />
same station as the last, near Witley, but much more plentiful.<br />
Here, like the prevailing states of the parents, it is a fine tall plant,<br />
often four feet high. It usually occurs in a form nearer obscnrum,<br />
but distinguishable at a glance by its habit and colouring, and by<br />
the stigma being rudimentarily four-lobed ; the flowers are always<br />
second and<br />
pale rose, never white at first, as in hmceolatiun .<br />
scarcer form is liable to<br />
A<br />
be confused with inontaman x obscurum.<br />
Previously found in Britain by Messrs. Briggs and Trimen, near<br />
Plymouth, and Mr. Bruce, near Canterbury ; and known on the<br />
Continent from three French and two German localities. In the<br />
shady lanes I have not succeeded in finding any hmceolatum<br />
hybrids, but only in the open.<br />
E. MONTANUM X OBSCURUM. Tliis will Certainly prove to be<br />
very common. I have found it abundantly near Tilford, between<br />
Hascombe and Dunsfold, in two spots near Witley, and in three<br />
near<br />
also<br />
Chiddingfold, always in company with both parents.<br />
been sent from Shirley, Derbyshire (leg. Rev.<br />
It<br />
W.<br />
has<br />
R.<br />
Linton), and from Rhyader, Radnor, in a very strong form (leg.<br />
Hanbury and Ley). In two stations I found specimens with the<br />
leaves in threes ; and this verticillate form is in the Perthshire collection<br />
from three different localities (Perth, Lake of Monteith, and<br />
Strathord), shewing that the hybrid is probably frequent in the<br />
county. Two states occur, a "f. innbrosa," and a " f . apricn," the<br />
latter being always much tinged with red.<br />
E. MONTANUM X PARVIFLORUM. Near Tilford, Chiddingfold, and<br />
between Hambledon and Hascombe. Usually the flowers are larger<br />
than those of either parent. Very variable in habit and luxuriance,<br />
according to the conditions of growth.<br />
E. MONTANUM X RosEUM {E. hetcrocuule Borbas). Near Worples-
EPILOBIUM NOTES FOR 1889. 9<br />
don, sparingly. Intermediate in character ; stigma obsoletely<br />
foiir-lobed ; petals, when first unfolded, pale flesh-coloured, with<br />
darker veins. A beautiful and very diiferent state has been<br />
gathered at Malvern by Mr. Towndrow, which looks like the<br />
offspring of a narrow-leaved roseum and an unusually toothed<br />
viuntdinoii, both being forms of an open, sunny situation. Kecorded<br />
fi'om many German stations.<br />
E. OBSCURUM X PALUSTRE (E. ScJunidtianiuH Eostkov.). Ditches<br />
near Peperharow, Surrey, with the parents. Forms which I consider<br />
to be this hybrid are in the Perthshire collection from Glen<br />
Artney, Ochtertyre, Rae Loch, Pitcairn Green, and Keltie Den, all<br />
collected by Dr. White ; those from the two last-named places<br />
appear to be shade -grown plants.<br />
E. OBSCURUM X pARviFLORUM (E. Dacicu))! Borbas). In plenty<br />
near Tilford, both as a " f. (ij)ric((" and a " f . minor"; ditch near<br />
"NVitley ; between Hambledon and Hascombe ; in three states (" f.<br />
major," '^aprica," and " iimbrosa"), near Worplesdon. In each<br />
case both species were present. Also seen from Abernethy, E.<br />
Perth (leg. Drummoud-Hay).<br />
*E. OBSCURUM X ROSEUM (<br />
/'7. bmcJiiatmn Celakovsky). Sparingly<br />
near Worplesdon ; also near Elstead (a form approaching obsairwn,<br />
i. Jiaccida). For some reason or other, these two appear to cross<br />
much less freely than jjarviflurtDii and roseum. When welldeveloped,<br />
this is a pretty and characteristic hybrid, showing its<br />
origin quite plainly. Seeds imperfect in all my specimens. Recorded<br />
from about a dozen places in Germany and Transylvania.<br />
E. PALUSTRE X PARVIFLORUM. The Rcv. W. Moylc Rogers<br />
kindly gave rae a specimen from Bridgerule, N. Devon, where he<br />
has frequently observed it. In the Perthshire collection is a plant<br />
from near Cherrybank (leg. Meldnmi), which belongs here.<br />
*E. PALUSTRE X RosEUM (E. purpureiwi Fries). Ditch near<br />
Worplesdon ; only one plant seen, which was much more closely<br />
allied to polnstre than to the other. Flowers very small, pale lilacrose.<br />
Seeds towards paliistre, partly developed, but sterile. The<br />
distinctly-petioled and obscurely-toothed lower leaves, together<br />
with the flowers, shew the influence of roseum. I expect to find<br />
this also near Elstead, Surrey, where the two species occur<br />
together in good quantity,<br />
E. PARVIFLORUM X ROSEUM. In great quantity, and extremely<br />
variable, near Worplesdon; every gradation being met with, from<br />
a state six inches high to one reaching nearly four feet, and<br />
branchiug from the base. Sparingly near Elstead, and in two<br />
spots near Witlcy ; also near Ash, Surrey (leg. Beeby). I have<br />
seen it from Shirley, Derbyshire (leg. W. R. Linton).<br />
E. (montanum X ROSEU.M) X ROSEUM. One specimen only, near<br />
Worplesdon, which I had queried as " montanum x roseum, ad<br />
roseum vergens."<br />
E. MONTANUM X ROSEUM X PARVIFLORUM. Fl'Om tllC SamO<br />
locality as the last. Two plants were found, one of which I have<br />
in cultivation. They completely pu/.zled ine, as there seemed to<br />
be clear traces of both muntauum and iiarrijlonim, while yet the
10 MARINE ALG.E OF THE ARBROATH DISTRICT,<br />
general habit was nearer roscum than either. At Prof. Haussknecbt's<br />
suggestion, I will attempt to describe this form :—Plant<br />
two feet high or more, branched from below the middle. Stem<br />
terete, with two very faint pubescent lines, nearly glabrous. Leaves<br />
all distinctly petioled, slightly but regularly sinuate-denticulate,<br />
somewhat rounded at the base, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,<br />
subacute, glabrous on both sides ; lower opposite, upper alternate.<br />
Buds pubescent, erect, subapiculate. Petals ^ in. long, very pale<br />
pink, becoming rosy. Stigmas clavate, but rudimentarily fjurlobed.<br />
Capsules ex:remely slender, 1^-2 in. long. Seeds undeveloped<br />
and shrivelled. [The form of /larrijloruw in this locality<br />
is glabrescent, so that the same thing is natural in its offspring]<br />
E. (oBscuRUM X PALUSTRE) X oBscuRUii. S:indy ride in a firplantation<br />
near Tilford ; several plants (the same station where I<br />
iound pal ustre x purnjjununin 1888). These I had thought might be<br />
lAimyi X pahistre, but further study does not encourage that theory ;<br />
nor do they quite match such specimens of simple ubscurwn x<br />
jialustre as I have seen. On the other hand, there is no trace of any<br />
different species, and the stigmas are clavate. They have deepgreen<br />
leaves, bright rose-coloured flowers, expanding more than is<br />
usual in ohscurwn ; and the young capsules are ashy-white with<br />
appressed down. Eoughly speaking, they are much like what one<br />
would expect to result from the suggested combination.<br />
MARINE ALG^ OF THE ARBROATH DISTRICT.<br />
By James Jack.<br />
The district is bounded by Arbroath Bay (including it) on the<br />
south, and extends to the crumbling rock beyond the sandstone and<br />
conglomerate of the Red Head, The locality has been by no means<br />
well examined, but the following plants collected are the result of a<br />
paper contributed to the Arbroath Natural History Association, the<br />
jiractical work being done during the past summer months. The<br />
classificatiou and nomenclature adopted in the following list are<br />
taken from Harvey's ' Phycologia Britannica,' as being the work<br />
at the present time most generally referred to.<br />
Htdidrijs siliqu(Ks/i Lyngb. Common in all pools about half- tide<br />
level.<br />
Fuciis vesiculosus L. Abundant on all low-lying rocks exposed<br />
above low water.— F. serrntiis L. Common on rocks between tidemarks.<br />
— F. iiodosus L. [AariijiliijUtim nudosiim Le Jolis). Common,<br />
generally growing iu patches on boulders. — F. rrmnlinilntitf; L.<br />
{ I'l'lrctid canalinilat'i Decne. & Thur. ). Common on rocks above<br />
half-tide level, and exposed for several hours daily. N.B.—The<br />
growth of Fuci is not so abundant on the old red sandstone as<br />
among the boulders of the conglomerate.<br />
lliiiuinthidia loira Lyngb. Common on all exposed rocks at low<br />
water.
MAKINK ALG-E OF THE ARBROATH DISTRICT. 11<br />
Dt'siiiarestia aculeata Lamonr. Common, washed ashore in<br />
abundance from deep water after storms.<br />
Alaiid csculeiita Grev. Plentiful about low-water mark on<br />
exposed rocks to the east of Arbroath.<br />
Ldininaria dujitaUt Lamour. {fj. hyperboren Yoslie). Abundant<br />
everywhere from below low-water mark. L. diijitata var. stenop/n/Ua<br />
Harv. = L. di
12 MARINE ALO.E OF THE ARBROATH DISTRICT.<br />
Gaylet pot, at high-water mark.— 6'. cirrhosa Ag. Common, gene-<br />
rally on other Algae. At the Mason's Cove, Viiesseria samjiiinea is<br />
always more or less infested. S. radicans Harvey. At the Mason's<br />
Cove, common ; and Corriens, not uncommon. On the sides of<br />
Fuci-covered sand-rock, and in shallow pools about low water.<br />
Var. olivacea Batters. In caves, forming matted tufts.<br />
Kctocarpus siliculosus Lyngb. {E. con/ervuides Le Jolis). Abundant<br />
on Fuci between tide-marks. K. fuscicidatus Harvey. On the<br />
edges of the fronds of Laminurue at the Ness aud Floors Bay. E.<br />
tomentosiis Lyngb. Very abundant at different parts of the cliffs,<br />
old thongs of Himantliaiia lorea being clothed with a dense ropy<br />
mass, giving a bottle-brush appearance to it ; also found on the<br />
Fuci.— K. Uttondis Lyngb. {I'l/laiella Uttondis Kjellm.). Common<br />
in all tide-pools on Fuci. Inside of breakwater, on muddy rocks,<br />
found with unilocular sporangia. K. (jninidosus Ag. Found once<br />
below Signal Tower, in a half-tide pool. — E. sphiS())iueli'i Dubyi. On Laminaria stems, with tetraspores, in<br />
November.
MARINE ALO.^ OF THE ARBROATH DISTRICT. 13<br />
Hapalidium hildenbrandtioiiles, Crn. On stems of FurceHaria.<br />
Cornllina officinalis L. Very common in tide-pools.<br />
Melubesia polymorplia L., sp. { Lithothamnion poli/innrphum J. Ag.).<br />
Common in pools and on rocks. Limpet-shells at the Red Head<br />
found with very irregular lobes. — M. Lenormandi Aresch, [Lithophyllum<br />
Lenormandi Rosanoff). On stones and boulders between<br />
tide-marks at East Links. — M. Laminaria Cr. On stems of<br />
Laminaria. — M, farinosa Lamour. On Phyllophora rubciis at<br />
Mason's Cove. — M. pustulata Lamour. Abundant on Laminaria-<br />
Btems and roots.<br />
Hildenbrandtia rubra Menegli. (H. jn'ototypits Nardo, var. ft. rosea<br />
Hauck.). On stones and boulders everywhere, and in pools between<br />
tide-marks.<br />
Delesseria sanyuinea Lamour. {HydrolapathwnsanyuineHm Stackh.)<br />
Common in pools at extreme low-water mark all round the cliffs<br />
washed ashore at West Sands in abundance. — D. sinuosa Lamour.<br />
Common on Laminaria-siems which are washed ashore from deep<br />
water. — D. alata Lamour. Common on Laminaria -stems, and in<br />
rock-pools at extreme low water. D. Llypoylossum Ag. Found by<br />
Dr. Crichton. Rare.<br />
Nitophyllian punctatum Grev. Found six plants growing at<br />
extreme low-water mark on a boulder, in fruit, August, 1888. Very<br />
rare. N. laceratum Grev. Cast ashore on West Sands, Dr. Crichton.<br />
Flocamium coccinenm Lyngb. Common at low water (spring-<br />
tides), and washed ashore in great abundance. A broad and a<br />
narrow-leaved variety are found.<br />
Hhodymcnia laciniata Grev. [Callophyllis laciniata Ktz.). One<br />
specimen washed ashore at sands. — li. paJmata Grev. Grows in<br />
great profusion all round the coast from half-tide downwards. At<br />
the Bell Rock, stems of Laminaria are covered with specimens<br />
twenty inches long.<br />
llypnca purpiirasccus Harv. [Cystoclonium purpnrascens Ktz.).<br />
Common in pools about low water.<br />
Giyartina mammiliom J. Ag. Growing abundantly on outside of<br />
Protection Wall and l^reakwater, but common everywhere.<br />
('hondrus crispus Stackh. Common about low- water mark ;<br />
both narrow and broad-leaved varieties occur.<br />
I'hyllophora rubrns Grev. Common in pools at extreme low<br />
water at Mason's Cove ; washed ashore abundantly after autumn<br />
storms. — P. mcmbranijolia .J. Ag. Plentiful at low-water murk<br />
some very large plants washed ashore at the Harbour in October,<br />
1888.<br />
(Tymnoyonyrus plicatiis Kg. [Ahnfcltia plicata J. Ag.). Occasionally<br />
in sand-pools about low-water mark from Ness to the Common.<br />
I'idyidcs rutundus Grev. Not uncommon in pools at low water,<br />
in same situations as FurcAlaria fasliyiata<br />
FurceUarlii fastiyiata (rrev. (Fastiyiaria fi
14 MARINE ALG.E OF THE ARBROATH DISTRICT.<br />
Iridea edulis Bory (Schizymeuia edidis J. Ag.). On rocks at low<br />
water, and in deep pools. Home very large specimens washed<br />
ashore from deep water at West Sands.<br />
CateneUa opuntia Grev. At the Dark Cave and Breakwater near<br />
high-water mark.<br />
Cruorin 2>cffit(t Harv. (Pctrocciis crucnta J. Ag.). On rocks.<br />
" Your plant has a basal layer like P. Middendorljii Buprecht, but is<br />
not in fruit," E. M. H.<br />
(jrloiosiphonia capillaris Carm. Growing at Auchmithie, Dr.<br />
Crichtim.<br />
Ptilota ])lumosa Ag. In abundance on stems of old Laminari(P.<br />
washed ashore, occasionally growing at low- water mark ; with<br />
tetrasporic fruit at Bed Head. — /-•. sericen Gmel. Common on<br />
the shaded sides of gullies and rocks at Steeple Bock, Mason's<br />
Cove, Bed Head, &c.<br />
Ceramiuin rubruiii Ag. Common all round the coast, between<br />
tide-marks. —
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE-E. 15<br />
Conferva tortuosa Dillw. (ChcFtomorpha tortuosa J. Ag.). Abundant<br />
on AlgaB in high-water mark pools. — C. Meluifoniuni Web. et<br />
Mohr. (Clu(rto))io)j)ha Mclaiioniiim Ktitz.), Intermittent in its habit<br />
of growth. Not uncommon at Mason's Cove, Steeple Rock, and<br />
Breakwater. — C. Youixjmia Dillw. {Uluthrix uoyona Thur.). On<br />
Fucks vesiculosus and rocks near high-water mark. The outside of<br />
Breakwater is fringed with this plant.<br />
Enteromorplui intestlnalis Link ( Ulva Enteromorpha Le Jolis, var.).<br />
Abundant in most pools near high-water mark. A large supply of<br />
water finds its way to the sea all round Arbroath, appearing as<br />
springs dotted everywhere ; this will account for the large growths<br />
of this plant as found at the Ness and Common. — E. coDipressn<br />
Grev. [Ulva Enteromorpha Le Jolis, var.). Common on rocks and<br />
stones everywhere. At the West Sands the Alg.ie about low-water<br />
mark are always more or less covered. — E. clathrata J. Ag. On<br />
Ceraminm rubrum at Eed Head. Not uncommon.<br />
Ulra latissima L. [Ulca lactuca L.). Connnou in tide-pools, and<br />
on rocks and stones.— V. Lima L. ( lUva Entcruinorpha Le Jolis, var.).<br />
Common in most half-tide pools.<br />
rurjihi/i(( Iticiniata Ag. Common between tide-marks on rocks,<br />
and epiphytic on Algaj. The form idnhilicalis also occurs.<br />
P. vulf/aris Ag. Common on rocks, and in almost all pools above<br />
and below half-tide level. — 1'. lencosticta Thuret. Growing on<br />
Algre near low- water mark.<br />
lUvularia atra Both. Common on Algfe in pools near highwater<br />
mark. At Auchmithie, Red Head, Mason's Cove, &c.<br />
Cdlothrix cimJerricuJn Ag. Epiphytic on Algre. Not uncommon.<br />
Tjjn(/hija Carniicliaelii Hary. ( riuthrix fiacca Thur.). Abundant<br />
on Fucns vesictilosiis above half- tide level from Ness to the Common.<br />
Derniocar/ia Incruntans Holmes MSS. {Sjilurnosiphon incriistans<br />
Reinsch). Parasitical on Poh/siphoiUa. Mr. Holmes tliinks it may<br />
possibly be only a variety of J), pnisinn ; but the fronds are<br />
narrower and more cylindrical than in that species, and correspond<br />
exactly with Reinsch's figure.<br />
mediate in character.<br />
He has not met with fronds inter-<br />
In conclusion, I take this opportunity of expressing my thanks<br />
to Mr. Holmes for the assistance rendered me in the identification<br />
of species, and the synonymy at present in general use.<br />
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE.E.<br />
By Edmund G. Bakkr, F.L.S.<br />
There are few orders of which a general monograph is moic<br />
needed tlian Malracea:. Tlie last complete enumeration was tliat<br />
of DeCandollc in the lirst volume of tlie<br />
during the sixty-five years tliat have elapsed a very large niiiiil)t'r<br />
of additional species have been described. In tiio present paper<br />
' Prodromus' in 18iil, and<br />
I pro]insc to attempt to brin ( togetlier those belonging to tbc iiist
16 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE^E.<br />
tribe Malir/r, and briefly characterise tliem. In the arrangement<br />
and hmitation of the genera I have followed Bentham and Hooker's<br />
' Genera Plantarum,' with very slight alteration.<br />
Tribe I. MALVFLJ^. — Columna stamiuea apice v. usque ad<br />
apicem antherifera. Styli rami tot quot ovarii loculi v. carpella.<br />
Cotyledones foliaceae, biplicatc'B v. varie coutortuplicatfe.<br />
Subtribe 1.— Carpella oo inordinate capitato-congesta ; ovula<br />
solitaria adscendentia.<br />
I. MALOPE L. Gen. PI. n. 843. — Bracteolae 8 distinctae.<br />
Styli filiformes intus longitudinaliter stigmatosi.<br />
* Anmia,<br />
1. Malope tkifida Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 429; Sweet, Brit. Fl.<br />
Garden, t. 153; Paxt. Mag. Bot. vol. i. p. 177 c. icon.—Stipulis<br />
parvis, foliis glabris inferioribus suborbicularibus apice trilobatis<br />
trinerviis, pedicellis solitariis, bracteolis magnis cordatis cuspidatis,<br />
sepalis ovatis acuminatis.<br />
Hab. Andalusia (Spain) ! Algiers ! Morocco.<br />
Stem 12-18 in. high, branching; branches spreading; leaves<br />
2J in. ; bracts f in. long ; sepals 1^ in. ; petals IJ-lf in. long.<br />
** Perenncs.<br />
2. M. MALAcoiDEs L. ; DC. Prod. 1, 429 ; Kchb. Ic. Flor. Germ.<br />
v. t. 165 ; Bot. Mag. t. 5852. iV. aWmoidcs Moris in Kchb. Fl.<br />
Exc. p. 873.—Stipulis parvis oblongo-linearibus, foliis inferioribus<br />
petiolatis elliptico-oblongis vel subpinnatilidis parce pilosis basi<br />
cuneatis vel subcordatis crenulatis, pedunculis solitariis, bracteolis<br />
parvis, sepalis valde acuminatis.<br />
Hab. Mediterranean Region. Marocco to Asia Minor !<br />
Subsp. M. STIPULACEA Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 429. M. asterotricha &<br />
M. Icevii/ata Pomel. Fl. Atlantique, p. 346. M. hispida, M. stelUpilis,<br />
& M. inpartita Boiss. et Reut. in Boiss. Diagn. PI. Or. iii. p. 100.<br />
M. intermedia Battandier, Fl. de I'Algerie, p. 110. M. malacoides<br />
var. stipulacca Ball in Journ. Lhm. Soc. xvi. p. 375. M. stellaris B.<br />
et R. in Willkomm et Lange, Fl. Hisp. iii. p. 587.= M. ste'lipilis.—<br />
Stipulis magnis cordatis, foliis elliptico-oblongis vel ovatis vel<br />
trilobis interdum cordatis.<br />
Hab. Algiers ! Marocco ! Cadiz (Spain) !<br />
Stems 1-2 ft. long, prostrate or ascending ; leaves 1-2^ in.<br />
long, ^ in. broad ; sepals nearly f in. ; petals 1 in. to nearly 2 in. long.<br />
M. hispida and sU'liipilis are robust forms, more densely hairy<br />
upwards than in typical M. stip^dacca. M. malacoides var. sinuata<br />
DC. is an intermediate form between M. stipulacea and M. malacoides,<br />
with subtrifid leaves. For the characters of the other forms,<br />
reference may be made to Ba'tmdier, Fl. de I'Algerie, p. 110.<br />
Nan satis nota.<br />
M. MULTiFLORA Trigucros in Cav. Diss. ii. p. 85 ; DC. Prod. i.<br />
430.— "Foliis subrotundis crenatis villosis : floribus 3-4 axillaribus."<br />
Hab. In Andalusia ; not seen by Willkomm and Lange.
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVEiE. 17<br />
PlantcB excluscB.<br />
M. parvijlora L'Heritier = Palaua vudvcEfolia Cav.<br />
M. indica ^Yigbt ex Walp. is a blunder iu transcribing for<br />
Melicope indica Wigbt.<br />
II. KITAIBELIA Willd. in Neue Scbr. Nat. Fr. Berl. ii. 107.<br />
—Bracteolse 6-9 basi connatae. Styli apice stigmatosi.<br />
1. KiTAiBELiA viTiFOLiA Willd. I. c. / DC. i. 436 ; Bot. Mag.<br />
t. 821 ; Picbb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 165.— Stipulis ovato-aciitis, foliis<br />
petioktis 3-5 palmitifidis glabris lobis acutis biserratis basi cordatis,<br />
iuvokicro calycem excedente, iloribus axillaribus solitariis vel<br />
geminis, corollis albis.<br />
Hab. Hungary ! Croatia !<br />
Stems 4-6 ft. bigb ; leaves 3-6 in. ; bracts f in. long; sepals<br />
| in. long; petals 1 in. long, obcordate.<br />
2. K. Balans^ Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 817. — Stipulis lanceolatis,<br />
foliis e basi truncata subfequilateraliter triangularibus acute dentatis,<br />
bracteolis lanceolatis acutis basi fere liberis laciniis calycis lanceo-<br />
latis subbrevioribus, corollis roseis.<br />
Hab. Cilicia, Balansa.<br />
According to Boissier, this plant differs from K. vitifolia in the<br />
shape of the leaves, stipules, and bracts. The carpels are white<br />
and hirsute. In his diagnosis of the genus Kitaibelia (Fl. Or. i. 817)<br />
Boissier describes the styles as longitudinally stigmatose.<br />
III. PALAUA Cav. Diss. 40, t. 11, f. 4, 5 (1785), non Kuiz et<br />
Pavon. P(dava Juss. Gen. Plant, p. 271 (1789) ; Benth. et Hook,<br />
fil. Gen. Plant, i. 200. Palariu Schreb. Gen. ii. p. 464 (1791).—<br />
Bracteolse 0. Styli filiformes apice stigmatosi.<br />
* Perennis.<br />
1. Palaua moschata Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 458. Palavia prostrata<br />
Hort. ; Loud. Hort. Brit. i. p. 290. — Stipulis lanceolatis nigrescentibus,<br />
foliis pannosis ovatis lobatis obtusis creuatis basi<br />
cordatis, pedicellis 1-floribus, calycis magnis pannosis sepalis<br />
cordatis apice acutis.<br />
Hab. Chili !<br />
A perennial ;<br />
Peru, nr. Lima !<br />
leaves 2 in. long, Ii in. broad ; stipules ^ in. ;<br />
sepals f in. ;<br />
petals 1 in. long, purple.<br />
** Annu(E.<br />
2. P. MALV.T5F0LIA Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 458. MaJope parvijlora<br />
L'Heritier. Palava dccHnata Mocnch. Palavia rhoinii/olia Grab,<br />
in Edin. Phil. Journ. 1830, p. 369 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1375 ; Bot. Mag.<br />
t. <strong>31</strong>00. — Caulibus clongatis sursum pilosis, foliis membranaceis<br />
rhomboideis iuforioribus orbicularibus siuuatis floribus solitariis<br />
sepalis late ovatis cuspidatis.<br />
Hab. Cliili! Peru!<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [Jan. 1890.] c
18 CYPERUS JEMINICUS ROTTB.<br />
An annual. Leaves 1-2 in. long, 1^ in. broad ; stipules ^ in.<br />
sepals -J in. ; petals f in. long, rose-coloured,<br />
3. P. DissECTA Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vi. 101 [Palava).<br />
Caule prostrato<br />
Bot. Mag. t. 5768<br />
superne flexuoso,<br />
Falavaficxuosa Mast, in Gard. Chron. 1866, p. 435 ;<br />
—• Eegel, Gartenflora, taf. 647.<br />
foliis radicalibus oblongo ovatis, caulinis profunde bipinnatifidis<br />
dissectisve lobis cuneato-oblongis obtusis, sepalis late ovatis acutis,<br />
carpellis oblique obovatis rugoso-reticulatis.<br />
Hab. Peru, Maclean ! Cbili<br />
Stems 8-10 in. long ; leaves 1-2 in. long, 1 in. broad ; calyx<br />
^ in. ; petals ^ in. long. This plant was introduced into cultivation<br />
by Messrs. Veitch in 1866.<br />
CYPERUS JEMINICUS Kottb.<br />
By C. B. Clarke. F.R.S.<br />
My attention has only lately been drawn to a paper by Dr.<br />
Trimen in Journ. Bot. 1884, p. 358, criticizing my account of C.<br />
Jeminicus Rottb. He makes three principal animadversions upon<br />
me, viz. —<br />
(1.) There is no sufficient proof that the plant in question is C.<br />
Jeminicus Rottb., and therefore the name C. bulbosus Vahl, has<br />
priority.<br />
(2.) Each individual is as strictly an annual as other proliferous<br />
bulbous plants, and its mode of growth is entirely different from<br />
that of C. usitatus Burchell, C. stolnniferus Retz., and others.<br />
(3.) The figures of C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. v. 21, t. 2,<br />
figs. 17, 18, said to represent the rhizome of C. Jeminicus, are<br />
wrong (Dr. Trimen is at a loss to guess what is intended by them).<br />
To these I would reply senatim, as follows :—First, our plant<br />
grows in Arabia ; Roxburgh referred the Indian bulbosus to it ; and<br />
if the plant of Rottboell is not the Lidian plant, nobody pretends<br />
to say what it is. Dr. Trimen says generally, that neither Rottboell'<br />
s description nor his figure agrees well with our plant. I think<br />
that C. Jeminicus is as certainly identified as most names of the<br />
older authors where we have not got the specimen they figured or<br />
described. Secondly, there are slender stolons, sometimes as<br />
much as four inches long ; on these are produced the " bulbils,"<br />
very commonly in clusters of two or three ; these produce culms<br />
just as in the allied species, but usually in succession, so that in<br />
the dried specimens we have frequently a culm nude at base,<br />
because its own scales have fallen away, but with a bulbil close to<br />
it often touching it. Sometimes, however, two closely touching<br />
bulbils produce simultaneous culms. The manner of growth is<br />
exactly as that of C. usitatus Burchell; indeed, as I implied in my<br />
paper, I have difficulty in separating the two species. In C.<br />
%isitatus the stolon is stouter, the bulbil larger, and the bulbil producing<br />
the culm is usually a little remote from the next (still in the
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 19<br />
bulbil condition). Thirdly, I have got Mi-. C. Fitch to make a drawing,<br />
herewith appended, of the stolons, bulbils and culm base<br />
from the ample Kew material. My old pictures in the ' Linnean<br />
Journal,' v. 21, t. 2, figs. 17, 18, are entirely diagrammatic ; t. 18,<br />
seen by comparing with Mr. Fitch's figure, shews the common state<br />
of C. Jeminicus ; t. 17 represents perhaps rather C. usitatus<br />
Burchell ; but I observe that a specimen in this herbarium from<br />
Uganda (said to be C. vestitas Hochst. in ' Flora,' 1845, p. 755),<br />
which I formerly referred to C. Jeminicus, is perhaps C. usitatm<br />
Burchell. Except in the delicacy of the stolons, I still do not quite<br />
understand how C. Jeminicus differs in its manner of growth from<br />
some of its neighbours.<br />
BIOGEAPHIOAL INDEX OF BKITISH AND lEISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and Gr. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 375.)<br />
Mitchell, Anna Helena (1794-1882) :<br />
b. Gothenburg, Sweden,<br />
22nd May, 1791; d. Montrose, Forfarsh., 14th Jan. 1882; bur,<br />
St. Peter's Episcopal Churchyard, Montrose. Marine zoologist,<br />
lichenologist, and algologist. Worked with Gilchrist and Croall.<br />
Herbarium in possession of her nephew, James Keogh, Exeter.<br />
Duplicates in Montrose Museum.<br />
Mitchell, James (il. 1853). 11. N. Described Mentha crispa for<br />
Ihig. But. t. 2785.<br />
Mitchell, John (d. 1772). M.D. F.R.S. Of London. In Virginia,<br />
c. 1700-1748. Correspondent of Liniiasus. ' De Princi-<br />
piis Botanicoruui,' 17G9. 'Nova PL Genera,' 1741. Pult. ii.<br />
278; Letters in Linn. Corrcsp. ii. 442; Pritx. 219; Jacks. 20G<br />
Darlington, Memorials of Bartram, 303; AUibone. Mitchellah.<br />
Z
20 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Mitchell, John (fl. 1827). Of Stanstead, Sussex, and Keigbley,<br />
Yorks. 'Dendrologia,' 1827.<br />
Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone (1792-1855) : b. Craigend,<br />
Stirling, 1792; d. Sydney, 5th Oct. 1855. Lieut. -Col. R.A.<br />
Surveyor-general, N.S.W. D.C.L., Oxon., 1839. F.K.S., 1839.<br />
Knighted, 1839. 'Expeditions into Eastern Australia' (18<strong>31</strong>-<br />
1836), 1838. Plants presented to Brit. Mus., also in Hb. Kew.<br />
Pritz. 219 ; Lasegue, 497 ; Woolls, Progress Bot. Discovery in<br />
Australia (1869), 23; Fl. Tasm. exx. ; AUibone. Mem. and<br />
portr. lUustr. London News, 1855. Cajqmris Mitchellii Lindl.<br />
Mitchell, William (d, 1873) : d. Edinburgh, 10th April, 1873.<br />
Ass.Bot. Soc.Edinb., 1858. City Missionary. Papers in Trans.<br />
Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. and x., on Internodes, &c. R. S. C. iv. 410;<br />
viii. 411 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xii. 29.<br />
Mitford, — . (fl. 1806). Sent Surinam plants to Eudge.<br />
Moggridge, John Traherne (1842-1874) : b. Woodfield, Monmouth,<br />
8th March, 1842; d. Mentone, 24th Nov. 1874. F.L.S.,<br />
1869. Son of the following. Grandson of L. W. Dillwyn.<br />
' Flora of Mentone,' 1867. Plants at Kew. Pritz. 220; Jacks.<br />
581 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1874-78, Ixi. ; E. S. C. viii. 415; Journ.<br />
Bot. 1875, 63 ; Gard. Chron. 1874, ii. 723.<br />
Moggridge, Matthew (1803-1882) : b. 16th July, 1803 ; d. Kensington,<br />
14th July, 1882. F.L.S., 1877. Son-in-law of L. W.<br />
Dillwyn. Collected plants for 'Fl. of Mentone.' Proc. Linn.<br />
Soc. 1882-83, 42 ; E. S. C. iv. 421 ; viii. 416.<br />
MoUoy, Mrs. (fl. 1855). Of Swan River Colony. Sent plants to<br />
Kew. Journ. Bot. 1855, 382. Molloya Meisn. = Grevillea.<br />
Molyneux, Sir Thomas (c. 1660-1733): b. Dublin?, circ. 1660;<br />
19th Oct. 1733. "Physician to the State." B.A., Dublin,<br />
1680. M.D., 1687. F.E.S. Professor of Physic, Dublin<br />
University. Senior Physician to the Forces. Bart. Appendix<br />
to Threlkeld's ' Synopsis' (pp. 22), 1727. Pult. ii. 196; Hoefer.;<br />
Midland.<br />
Monson, Lady Ann (d. before 1819). Botanised at the Cape<br />
with Thunberg and Masson, and also in India. Helped Lee in<br />
his ' Litroduction.'<br />
Monsonia L.<br />
Thunberg, Fl. Cap. 7 ; Rees, s. v. Monsonia.<br />
Montgomery, J. (fl. 1837). Cat. Eenfrewshire plants in N. Bot.<br />
Guide, 417 (1837). Top. Bot. 550.<br />
Moon, Alexander (d. 1825). Superintendent, Ceylon Bot.<br />
Garden, 1817-1825. 'Catalogue of Ceylon Plants,' 1824.<br />
Drawings in Bot. Dept., Brit.<br />
JSIoonia Arn. = Chrysngoniim.<br />
Mus. Pritz. 223; Jacks. 395.<br />
Moorcroft, William (d. 1825) : b. Lancashire ; d. Andhko,<br />
Afghanistan, 27th Aug. 1825 ; bur. Balkh. Veterinary Surgeon.<br />
Inspector of Cavalry horses to H.E.I.C. In India from 1808.<br />
Collected and travelled with Wallich in Nepal. Travelled in<br />
N.W. India, &c., 1819-1825. ' Travels ' [with George Trebeck]<br />
ed. H. H. Wilson, 1841, with biog.<br />
Moore roftin Chois. = Lettsomia.<br />
E. S. C. iv. 455; Hoofer.<br />
Moore, David (1807-1879) : b. Dundee, 1807 ; d. Glasnevin,
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OP BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 21<br />
Dublin, 9tli June, 1879. Ph.D., Zuricli, 18G3. A.L.S., 1840.<br />
F.L.S., 18G1. Botanist to Ordnance Survey of Ireland, 1834.<br />
Director of Eoyal Gard., Glasnevin, 1838. ' Botany of Londonderry,'<br />
1837. ' Brit. Grasses,' 1850. ' Cybele Hibernica' [with<br />
A. G. More] , 1866. ' Synopsis of Irish Mosses,' 1873. Irish<br />
plants at Glasnevin. Pritz. 223 ; Jacks. 582 ; K. S. C. iv. 456;<br />
viii. 430; Journ. Bot. 1879, 224; Gard. Chron., with portr.,<br />
1871, 739; 1879, i. 757; 'Garden,' with portr., xiii. 1878;<br />
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xiv. 37. Portr. at Kew. Isoetes Moorei,<br />
Moore, Oswald Allen (d. before 1863). Of York. MS. Fl. of<br />
Yorkshire, ' Top. Bot.' 550. Brit. Assoc. Report, 1844 (Notices),<br />
70; R. S, C. iv. 458; Mag. Nat. Hist. iv. (1840), 327; Baker's<br />
' N. Yorkshire,' 343.<br />
Moore, Thomas (1821-1887): b. near Guildford, Surrey, 21st<br />
May, 1821 ; d. Chelsea, 1st Jan. 1887. F.L.S., 1851. Gardener,<br />
Regent's Park. Curator, Chelsea Bot. Gard., 1848. Editor of<br />
Gardener's Mag.' 1850-51; of ' Garden Companion,' 1852; of<br />
' Floral Mag.,' 1861 ; of ' Gard. Chron.,' 1866-1882; of 'Florist<br />
and Pomologist,' 1868-1874 ; of ' Orchid Album,' 1881-1887.<br />
'British Ferns,' 1851. 'Brit. Wild Flowers,' 1867. Pritz.<br />
223 ; Jacks. 582 ; R. S. C. iv. 458 ; vih. 432 ; Journ. Bot. 1887,<br />
63 ; Ann. Bot. 1888, 409, with bibhog. ; Gard. Chron. 1882, i.<br />
709 ; 1887, i. 48, with portr.<br />
Moore, T (fl. 1718-1724). "The Pilgrim Botanist." Went to<br />
New England, 1722-24. Rich. Corr. 181, 206.<br />
Morgan, Edward (fl. 1660-1686?). Of "the medical garden at<br />
Westminster"; "a skilful botanist," 'Evelyn's Diary,' 1658.<br />
" Viro in rebus Botanicis baud infimre not?e accepimus," Pluk.<br />
Aim. p. 191. Herb. Sloane, 83 (also 24-26?); Pluk. Aim. 114;<br />
Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 50, 74.<br />
Morgan, Hugh (fl. 1569). Apothecary to Queen Elizabeth. Had<br />
a bot. garden. Introduced Clematis Viticella^ 1569, and other<br />
plants. Ger. Herbal; Lobel, 'Adversaria,' 294, 343, 493.<br />
Morriania Br.<br />
Morgan, Thomas Owen (fl. 1848-1860). Of Aberystwith.<br />
'Flora Ceretica) superioris,' 1849. Jacks. 248.<br />
Moriarty, Henrietta Maria (Mrs.), (fl. 1803-1812). Novelist.<br />
' Viridarium,' 1803 (coloured plates, with names and cultural<br />
notes). Jacks. 407.<br />
Morison, Robert (1620-1683) : b. Aberdeen, 1620 ; d. London,<br />
9th Nov. 1683. Ph.D., Aberdeen, 1638. F.R.C.P. M.l).,<br />
Angers, 1648. Supeiiiitendent of Duke of Orleans' Gard., Blois,<br />
till 1660. Keeper of Physic Garden, Oxford, 1669. ' Hortus<br />
Regius Blesensis auctus,' 1669. ' Prroludia Botanica,* 1669.<br />
• Umbelliferarum Distribntio,' 1672. 'Plantarnm Historic . . .<br />
Oxoniensis, pars 2,' lOHO, with life by Bobart or Hearne [see<br />
Ayscough, <strong>31</strong>989, 9] , and portr. engr. by R. White, after Sun-<br />
man. Pult. i. 298; Roes; Pritz. 225; Jacks. 583; Wood,<br />
Fasti, ii. 178; Ricli. Corr. 34; Franchct, Fl. Loire, pref.<br />
Oil-paintuig at Oxford Bot. Gard. MoriKonia Plumier.<br />
Morland, Sir Samuel (c. 1625-1695): b. Sulhamstead, Reading,<br />
Berks., circ. 1625 ; d. Hammersmith, 80th Dec. 1095. Bart.,
22 SHORT NOTES.<br />
16G0. Master of Mechanics to Charles II. 'Parts and Use of<br />
the Flower,' Phil. Trans, xxiii. 1474. Pult. i. 339 ; Pritz. 225<br />
Autobiog. in MS. at Lambeth Palace ; Pose ; Hgefer ; Chalmers.<br />
Morley, Christopher Love (fl. 1G76-1702). M.D., Leyden, 1679.<br />
F.E.C.P., 1686. Herb, of plants from Leyden and Paris gardens<br />
in Herb. Sloane, 78=:= Munk, i. 450.<br />
Morris, John (1810-1880): b. Homerton, 19th Feb. 1810; d.<br />
St. John's "Wood, 7th Jan. 1880 ; bur. Kensal Green Cemetery.<br />
Hon. M.A., Camb., 1878. F.G.S., 1845. Prof. Geology, Univ.<br />
Coll., 1855-1877. ' Catalogue of Fossil Plants of Britain,' Mag.<br />
Nat. Hist. 1839. ' Eecent and Fossil CycadetB,' Ann. & Mag.<br />
1841, 110. 'Coal-plants,' Proc. Geol. Assoc, i. 'Cretaceous<br />
Flora,' Pop. Sci. Piev. xv. ' Fossil Fl. of Rajmahal.' Jacks.<br />
683 ; R. S. C. iv. 485 ; Journ. Bot. 1880, 04 ; Geol. Mag.<br />
1878, 481, with portr. ; Proc. Geol. Soc. 1885-86, 44.<br />
Morris, Richard (fl. 1820-1830). F.L.S., 1825. Surveyor and<br />
Landscape Gardener. ' Botanist's Manual,' 1824. ' Flora<br />
Conspicua,' 1825-0. Pritz. 220 ; Jacks. 407.<br />
Morris, William (d. 1764): d. Holyhead, 1764. Comptroller of<br />
Customs at Holyhead. MS. '<br />
Collection of pi. gathered in<br />
Anglesey.' "A good practical botanist." Davies,' 'Welsh<br />
Botanology,' vii. MS. Notes in a copy of Ray's ' Synopsis,' ed.<br />
1724, in Bibl. Mus. Brit., press-mark 872, k. 27. Rose.<br />
Morrison, William (fl. 1828). Gardener. Taken to Swan River<br />
by Governor Stirling, 1828. Sent collections to England for<br />
sale. Smith, Kew, 11.<br />
(To be coutiuued.')<br />
SHORT NOTES.<br />
Some North Devon Rubi.—Towards the end of last July I<br />
passed over some well-trodden ground between Ilfracombe and<br />
Clovelly, on the coast of N. Devon, where it is unlikely that much<br />
has remained unnoticed by x^i'cvious observers. But as on this<br />
excursion I met with two plants that are not recorded for the vicecounty<br />
in Top. Bot. ed. ii., I am induced to ofier my notes on the<br />
Rubi of the locality, premising that attention was given only to<br />
those forms that occurred in quantity : Pathis Lindlciainis Lees.<br />
Hedges between Ilfracombe and Lee; MorLhoe ; Clovelly. — R.<br />
?7ta»ut?7o/«(s W. & N. Woollacombe ; Morthoe; Clovelly. ILriisticaniis<br />
Merc.<br />
furzy downs<br />
Very abundant all along<br />
by the sea. — B. micans<br />
the coast in hedges and on<br />
Godr.=I?. adscUus Genev.<br />
Plentiful on the slopes adjacent to the " Hobbie " at Clovelly ; also<br />
at Westward Ho ! Name given by Dr. Focke. I may remark that<br />
the name micans does not occur in British authors, and that neither<br />
it nor adscitus is made use of in the Consp. Flor. Europ. Nyman<br />
has six columns of names in his Rubus Index, but those of<br />
Genevier and other French botanists are not mentioned. However,<br />
Ii. udscittis Genev. has become wSA k .; .w:i in Britain since it was
SHOET NOTES. 23<br />
identified at Plymoutli by Mr. Briggs. Placed Intlierto as a variety<br />
under villicaulis, from which it differs in possessing many aciculi<br />
and seta), it will perhaps have to be recognised as a distinct species.<br />
In the 'Flore de France' R. micans stands as one of the twentyfour<br />
aggregates among which the authors group the brambles of<br />
their country. — li. Lejcunn Weihe. In great quantity on the hill<br />
and by the roadside in the " Hobbie," Clovelly. A very handsome<br />
bramble. Dr. Focke says this is the same as the Plymouth plant,<br />
and he believes it to difier ouly in habit from typical Lejcunci.— E.<br />
cori/li/ulius Sm. Frequent about Hele, Saunton, and Bideford.<br />
J. Walter White.<br />
New Records for Scotland. — The following notes give the<br />
names of a few plants apparently unrecorded for the county of<br />
Caithness and vice-county of West Sutherland. They were noticed<br />
in the course of a short visit to the north during the last ten days<br />
of July, 1889. Those marked with an asterisk (''') appear to be<br />
entirely new to the couuty, and the localities of the other appear to<br />
be new. I have added a mark of interrogation to some of the<br />
Hieracia, as they are still to a certain extent sub judice. I am<br />
greatly indebted to Mr. F. J. Haubury for kindly looking over the<br />
Hieracia, and to Mr. Arthur Bennett for verifying or naming most<br />
of the other plants :<br />
Caithness.—Papaver dubiuiu. Corn-fields, Eeay. Viola aina:na.<br />
Dunnet Hill. — Sagiua apctala. Edge of field, Reay. — S. nodosa.<br />
Reay Links; banks of Isauld Burn, Raay. Eadiola Millcgrana.<br />
Telegraph Station, Dunnet Hill ; a large patch of very minute<br />
plants. — '^Acer Pscudo-platanus. Fairly-grown trees in seed in<br />
several plantations near Thurso and Beay. — Cytisus scoparius.<br />
Near Thurso on the road to Reay. — Agrimonia Eupatoria. In the<br />
turf in MacDouald Square, Thurso. — *Eosa canina var. biserrata<br />
(Mer.) Isauld Burn. — Parnassia palustris. In great j)lenty on<br />
banks of Thurso River. — Lii/iisticum scoticum. Clifi's, Dunnet Hill.<br />
— Angelica sijlvestris. A stunted growth, frequent on clifi"s between<br />
Thurso and Eeay. Valerianella olitoria /. Field, Reay. •'Solidago<br />
Virgaurea var. caiiibrica (Huds.) Cliffs, Dunnet Hill. — Ilicraciuni<br />
iriciim, Dunnet Hill ; near Scrabster. — '''JI. calcdoniciim F. J.<br />
Hanbury (?). Scrabster. — H. auratum Fr. Sandsidc and Isauld<br />
Burns. '^'11. umbel Ia turn (?). Near Eeay. — Sonchus arvemis. On<br />
rocky ledges, Dunnet Bay. Tragopogon pratensis. Sand-hills, Reay.<br />
'Campanula rotundij'ulia var. lancifolia Koch. Dunnet Hill.<br />
Lumium intermedium. The common dead-nettle in fields near<br />
Dunnet.— '[Miniuhis guttatm. In the greatest profusion in a burn<br />
near Eeay, extending for half a mile on both sidi s, and in the<br />
shallow parts of the stream. * Veronica Anagallis var. anagalliformis.<br />
Dunnet Burn. — Plantago maritima f. viripara, A largish patch<br />
comprising many plants, hill-side near Reay.— Salsola Kali. Sandy<br />
shore, Reay. — Salix repens. Dunnet Ilill. — S. argcntea ? . Cliffs,<br />
Dunnett Hill. Listera ov
24 HANDBOOK OF THE BROMELIACEi^.<br />
puUcaris. Banks of Thurso Eiver. — *C, vulgaris<br />
Tlmrso Eiver.— *C. paliidosa. Isauld Burn.<br />
West Sutherland. — -'-ThaUctrum maju^ Crantz.<br />
yhv. juncella,<br />
East bank of<br />
the Naver Eiver, Bettyhill. "^'Erodhun cicutarium. Near Bettyhill.<br />
— *-Senecio sylvaticus. Bettyhilh S. Jacohcca ya,Y. floscidosns (Jord.).<br />
Plentiful on hill-sides, and by road-sides round Bettyhill. Mr.<br />
Hanbury noticed it last year. I also saw several plants intermediate<br />
between the variety and the type. Hieracium nitidiim. Cliffs near<br />
the mouth of the Eiver Naver.— *H'. sparsifoUum (?).<br />
Strath Naver.<br />
—H. auratnm Fr. Melvich; near the mouth of the Eiver Naver;<br />
near Altnaharrow. H. strictumFr. Strath Bagaisteach. *P>/rnla<br />
media. Strath Bagaisteach. — Stachys arvensis. Probably introduced,<br />
growing on waste land formerly under cultivation ; Creag<br />
Euadh, Bettyhill. Jiinciis fluitans. Altnaharrow. Carex fiUformis.<br />
Loch Mer, Invernaver. — '^-Arrhenatherum avenaceum. — William<br />
F. Miller.<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
Handbook of the Bromeliace(E. By J. G. Baker, F.E.S., F.L.S.<br />
8vo. Pp. xi. and 243. London : G. Bell & Sons. August,<br />
1889. Price 5s.<br />
This handbook, uniform, as the author reminds us, with those<br />
already published on the Fern-allies and Amaryllidefe, represents<br />
another of Mr. Baker's generous gifts to Systematic Botany.<br />
Monographs of some of the larger genera have already appeared<br />
in this Journal, and the great attention which the order has recently<br />
received is seen from the fact tbat while the " Synopsis of<br />
jEchmea,'' published in this Journal for 1879, contains 58 species,<br />
no less than 128 are described in the " Handbook." Pitcaimia, in<br />
1881, included 70 species, as against 130 in 1889 ; and so recently<br />
as 1888, TiUandsia, which now numbers 323, contained only 241<br />
species. This increase is largely due to the energy of Dr. Glaziou,<br />
of Eio Janeiro.<br />
The present hand-book contains descriptions of above 800<br />
species, more than double Mr. Bentham's estimate of the number<br />
known in 1883, the date of publication of the third volume of the<br />
'Genera Plantarum.' This, Mr. Baker says, is doubtless "far<br />
short of the number that will ultimately be found," for " during<br />
the last year M. Andre has added 60 new species from his own<br />
gatherings in New Granada and Ecuador, and Dr. Wittmack<br />
about 20 from the collections of Consul Lehmann." In fact, it<br />
seems only necessary to seek in order to find, for from quite a few<br />
Bromeliads collected near Pernambuco in 1887 by Mr. Eamage,<br />
Mr. Baker describes a new one, .-Eclnuea rddleyi.<br />
In drawing up about two hundred of the descriptions, the<br />
author has had the advantage of the living plants at Kew ; the<br />
dried collections at the British Museum and Kew have together<br />
supplied specimens of about half the known species, and the<br />
herbaria of Berlin and Paris have also contributed. To judge from
HANDBOOK OF THE BROJrELIACE^. 25<br />
tlie text, Professor Morren's water-colour drawings have been au<br />
important aid; " described from Prof. Morren's drawing " occurs<br />
repeatedly at the end of descriptions, not only of Morren's own<br />
species, but also of new ones which Mr. Baker has been able to<br />
found on the sketches. In the genus Cnjptanthus, containing<br />
twelve species, five are thus described, one C. Mitkoijanus for the<br />
first time. " M.D." in brackets after the name signifies, as we are<br />
told at the bottom of page 2, that there is an original drawing of<br />
the ])lant in the Morren Collection at Kew. The end of the Preface<br />
would have been a better place for such a note. Apropos of figures,<br />
Mr. Baker quotes these at the commencement of each description,<br />
and it is a great help to have his opinion as to what some of them<br />
are meant to represent. He has run down nearly all the plates of<br />
Vellozo's ' Flora Fluminensis " ! Except for occasional misprints,<br />
these references are mostly correct. Horticulturists will welcome<br />
the addition of the date of introduction and first-flowering of cultivated<br />
species.<br />
The Order is divided into the same three great Tribes as in the<br />
' Genera Plantarum,' viz. —<br />
I. Bromeliece, characterised by an inferior ovary and berried<br />
fruit, and leaves nearly always spine-margined.<br />
II. PitcairniecB, with capsular fruit and seeds of which the<br />
funiculus does not break up into fine threads, and<br />
III. TiUandsiefT, where the capsular fruit is always entirely<br />
superior, the funiculus breaks up into threads, and the leaves are<br />
always without marginal prickles.<br />
We mention tbis, because "Wittmack, who has written the<br />
Uromeliacea for Engler and Prantl's * Pflanzenfamilien,' separates<br />
Pi(i/a, Encholirion, Dijchia, and Hechtia as a distinct tribe, Piujeff,<br />
distinguished from Pitcairniea; [Brocchinia and Pitcairnia) by<br />
its entirely superior ovary, and from TUhindsiea by its toothed<br />
leaves. The new tribe docs not approach in distinctness to the<br />
three older ones, which are so well marked and natural. Pit-<br />
cairniecB, as Tribe II, of the present arrangement, gives us a perfect<br />
gradation between the epigynous BromeJia and the perfectly hypogynous<br />
Tilhoidsiea. Tlie Key to the Genera, on page x. of the ' Handbook,'<br />
shows this at a glance. First Brocchinia and Andre's new<br />
genus Bukrria, with the capsule free only near the tip; then Pit-<br />
cairnia, with the capsule free except near the base ; and finally Piii/a,<br />
Cottendorfia , Dijckia, and 7/isti((r(inthHs, the petals arc united<br />
into a distinct tube, which is usually as long as the calyx-limb.<br />
In the ' ' Genera the first group includes Streptocalyx and liromelia,
26 HANDBOOK OF TIfE BROMELIACE^.<br />
where the petals cohere just at the base. Mr. Baker's second<br />
group is characterised by petals free or joined only at the very<br />
base, and is again subdivided into two, the first group with sepals<br />
united into a distinct tube, the second with sepals nearly or quite free.<br />
The former corresponds to the second division of the ' Genera<br />
Plantarum,' the latter to the third, with the exception that FJiodostachys,<br />
the last genus in the second division, appears in Mr. Baker's<br />
last division, where we also find Streptocalyx and Bromelia. Thus<br />
the difference between the two arrangements depends entirely on<br />
the value given to a very slight coherence of the petals or sepals,<br />
and whether plants where such obtains are mostly related to those<br />
with quite free or distinctly coherent floral leaves.<br />
The new arrangement gives the first group an additional character<br />
in the well-marked capitular inflorescence, whereas Bromelia<br />
has a dense panicle and Streptocalyx a raceme. Moreover, Streptocalyx<br />
is thus placed nearer the closely allied Portea, from which,<br />
" it differs mainly by its ovate sepals united into a distinct cup<br />
above the ovary."<br />
Two new genera are established, Distiacanthus and Fernseea.<br />
Distiacanthus comprises two cultivated plants introduced by Linden,<br />
allied to Karatas and Greirjia. Fernseea is a new genus of one<br />
species, " differing from Bromelia by its inflorescence, bract-like<br />
stem-leaves, calyx cupular above the ovary, and long, much-contorted<br />
stigmas, named after the late Baron Wawra von Ferusee,<br />
who has collected and carefully described and figured this and<br />
many other of the most interesting Brazilian BromeliacecE." The<br />
examination of actual specimens has led to the confirmation of<br />
Kegel's genus Ortgiesia, which Bentham had not seen, and Klotzsch's<br />
genus Acanthostachys, both sunk in the ' Genera.'<br />
Wittmack's tribe Brojueliece is identical with Mr. Baker's and<br />
that of the ' Genera,' but the ' Handbook ' has 19 genera, while<br />
Wittmack makes 26. The higher number is obtained by separating<br />
as genera, groups which Mr. Baker considers^only of subgeueric<br />
value, viz., Nidularium (Lemaire) from Karatas, and Pothuava,<br />
Lamprococcus, and several others from Aichmea.<br />
The second tribe, Pitcairnieee, contains the new monotypic genus<br />
Bakcria, "intermediate between Brocchinia and Cottendorjia." It<br />
was founded by M. Andre, in the ' Kevue Horticule,' 1889 (p. 84),<br />
on a plant flowered at Le Fresne, in May, 1888, probably from<br />
Brazil. All workers at Bromeliads will appreciate the dedication.<br />
The genus Cottendorjia Schultes fil., is restored and enlarged by<br />
two new species of Baker and one of Brongniart, making six in all.<br />
On the other hand, EnchoUrion Mart., which in the ' Genera<br />
Plantarum ' embraces Prionophyllium Koch, is now merged in<br />
Dyckia, PrionopJiyllinm. and EnchoUrion forming two subgenera.<br />
As stated above, Wittmack splits up the tribe into Pitcairniece,<br />
including Brocchinia and Pitcairnia,<br />
EnchoUrion, and Hechtia.<br />
and Puyece, containing Puya,<br />
In Tribe III., TiUandsiea;, Schlumhergeria becomes a subgenus of<br />
Carayuata ; in the ' Genera Plantarum ' it is queried, with the<br />
remark, " Omnia Carayuata: nisi inflorescentia laxior raraosa." It
a'ANBBOOK OF THE BROMELIACE^. 27<br />
appeared as a distinct genusin Mr. Baker's revision of 1888. Otherwise,<br />
the division with its five genera is arranged as in the ' Genera '<br />
Plantarum.' Wittmack's TUlandsiecc has eight genera, for he recognises<br />
as distinct Massamjea, also a subgenus of Caraijuata in the<br />
'Hand-book,' and Schluinhergeria, considering the variations in<br />
length and coherence of the perianth and staminal whorls to be of<br />
generic value. He also separates Vriesea from Tillandsia.<br />
Having gone steadily through the book, while arranging by it<br />
the BromcliacccE in the Herbarium of the British Museum, we may<br />
perhaps be allowed to point out a few matters which suggest<br />
criticism.<br />
The key to the Genera with which the book opens, and those<br />
to the species with which all the larger genera are supplied, are of<br />
great assistance in naming specimens, but now and again there<br />
comes a little hitch in the arrangement. For instance, in the key<br />
on p. X., the variations in relative length of sepals and petals are<br />
used as distinguishing characters between the four genera, Strepto-<br />
calyx, JEchnea, Billher
28 NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF BRITISH PLANTS.<br />
Names and Synonyms of British Plants. CoUatiny the Nomenclature<br />
of the ' London Catalogue,' ' Enylish Botany,' Bahington's<br />
' Afamial,' Bentham's ^ Flora,' and Hooker's Student's Flora.'<br />
"With an Appendix giving other Names and their Synonyms,<br />
and a List of Aiitlaorities for Plant-names. By Geoffrey<br />
Egerton-Waebueton, B.A. London ; Bell & Sous. 1889.<br />
Svo, pp. xxxvi. 160. Price 2s. 6d.<br />
Index of British Plants according to the ' London Catalogue ' (eighth<br />
edition), including the Synonyms iised by the iirincijjal authors<br />
an alphabetical list of English Names ; also references to the<br />
illustrations of Syine's ' English Botany,' and, Bentham's ' British<br />
Flora.' By Robert Turnbull. London : Bell & Sons.<br />
1889. Svo, pp. [ii.] 98. Price 2s. 6d.<br />
These somewhat lengthy titles fully explain the object of these<br />
little works, which are laudably intended (to quote the latter of<br />
them) " to make the difficulties of botanical nomenclature somewhat<br />
less, whilst it may at the same time point out what perplexing<br />
confusion does exist, not only in the names given to various plants,<br />
but also in the rank they should take as species, subspecies, or<br />
varieties,—a confusion which extends sometimes to the authorities<br />
given for the names,—an extreme instance of this being the name<br />
' Potentilla Tormentilla,' which has a different authority assigned to<br />
it by each of the works quoted in this list."<br />
This introductory statement, coupled with one which tells us<br />
that "the place of honour [is] given to that name for a plant<br />
which is used by a majority of the five works named on the titlepage,"<br />
shows at once that Mr. Egerton-Warburton is not thoroughly<br />
qualified for the work which he has undertaken. So long as the<br />
world lasts, there will be differences of opinion as to the limits of<br />
species ; while, on the other hand, the right authority for a name<br />
and the proper one to be adopted are<br />
determined,—not indeed by a plebiscite of<br />
quite capable of<br />
authors, but by a<br />
being<br />
strict<br />
observance of the rule of priority. This the author might have<br />
achieved, though not without the expenditure<br />
trouble : but he makes no attempt to do this.<br />
of much time and<br />
He calls attention<br />
to the varying authorities given for Potentilla Tormentilla; but<br />
instead of settling once for all which should be adopted, he prints<br />
" P-'otentilla Tormentilla Schenk or Neck, or Nestl. or Sibth. or<br />
Scop." ; and leaves us free to take our choice. Had Mr. Egerton-<br />
Warburton gone into the matter, he would have been able to<br />
correct the name itself, which must stand as Potentilla silrestris<br />
Neck.* (Delicise, i. 222 (1768) ). The synonymy of the plant is<br />
indeed somewhat curious, for if P. Tormentilla be accepted as the<br />
name, not one of the authorities to which it is attributed above is<br />
responsible for it. Scopoli, indeed (Fl. Carn. ed. 2, i. 360), called<br />
it P. 'Tormentilla erecta ; but the abbreviated form in common use<br />
was first employed by Stokes in his edition of Withering. The<br />
names stand thus :—<br />
* Not " Nestl." as given by Nyman (Consp. i. 227).
THE FOREST FLORA OF NE^Y ZEALAND. 29<br />
PoTENTiLLA siLVESTRis Ncckei' (DelicifB i. 222), 1768.<br />
p. Turmentilla erecta Scop. (Fl. Carn. ed. 2, 535), 1787.<br />
P. Tormentilla Stokes (With. Arr. ed. 2, ii. 535). 1787.<br />
So much care has evidently been bestowed on this little book,<br />
that it is with regret that we point out its insufficiency. No small<br />
amount of labour, for instance, must have been employed in the<br />
list of " authorities for plant-names used in any of the five works<br />
quoted, each name being followed by the place or country and date<br />
of birth, and the date of decease, when these are known." The<br />
type is excellent, and misprints, although not absent, are rare ; the<br />
introduction of a period between the name and its authority,<br />
" Centaurea aspera. L.,"—is an objectionable innovation.<br />
It is remarkable that, so shortly after the production of Mr.<br />
Warburton's book, another volume of the same kind should be<br />
issued by the same publishers. There must certainly be a belief<br />
in the minds of some that compilations of this sort are useful,<br />
whereas nothing can be further from the fact. Mr. Turnbull adds<br />
certain items of useless knowledge, such as the position of each<br />
genus in the Linnean classification, and what he calls " English<br />
names," of which " Small-flowered Pale Smooth-leaved Willowherb"<br />
and "Michelian Cat's-tail-grass" may be taken as specimens.<br />
This author also "ventures to hope that [his attempt] may in<br />
some degree lessen the per])lexities of nomenclature to the<br />
botanist," being evidently entirely unaware wherein these "perplexities<br />
" consist.<br />
As concordances of the nomenclature employed in the books<br />
cited, these volumes may be of service to those, if there be any,<br />
who need such works. But their number can hardly be large<br />
enough to compensate the authors for the labour and expense which<br />
must have attended their production : and it is impossible not to<br />
regret that these should not have been devoted to some useful<br />
purpose.<br />
The Forest Flora of New ZeaJawL By T. Kirk, F.L.S., late Chief<br />
Conservator of State Forests to the Government of New<br />
Zealand. Wellington: Didsbury. 1889. Folio, pp. xv.,<br />
845. tt. 142.<br />
Tins Government publication constitutes a valuable addition to<br />
our knowledge of the New Zealand Flora. Mr. Thomas Kirk, in<br />
bis official capacity as Conservator of New Zealand Forests—a post<br />
which we regret to see he no longer holds—has had exceptional<br />
opportunities for producing such a work, to which he brought<br />
capabilities of a high order. His long residence in New Zealand<br />
has enabled him to study the life-history of tlie trees and other<br />
plants which he describes ; and the value of the present volume is<br />
largely due to the numerous plates showing, in many instances,<br />
various stages of growth, which have been executed by various<br />
artists under Mr. Kirk's superintendence.<br />
The ])lan of the work is thus stated in tlie preface:— "Tlie first<br />
portion of the text contains historical ini'ormatiou and other particulars<br />
of general interest connected with the plant, an account of
30<br />
MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS.<br />
its dimensions, liabit of growth, &c., and a more or less detailed<br />
statement of the structure of the flower and fruit, devoid of technicaUties.<br />
This is followed by a concise account of its properties and<br />
uses, and, in the case of the more important kinds, the mode of<br />
working the forest, conversion, commercial value, &c. A brief<br />
statement is given of the distribution of the genus, and a more<br />
detailed account of the distribution of the species. The article is<br />
completed by a botanical description of the species and an explanation<br />
of the plate. In most cases enlarged representations of the parts<br />
of the flower and fruit are given to facilitate identification."<br />
It seems a little unfortunate that some systematic disposition of<br />
the species should not have been attempted, but a synopsis of the<br />
characters of the orders and genera is given in the appendix, thus<br />
modifying the inconvenience of the want of arrangement.<br />
The genera principally dealt with are Coprosma, Dacrydium,<br />
Fagus, Metrosiderus, Myrtus, Olea, Olearia, Phyllochidiis, and Podocarpus<br />
; the order Coniferm has received special attention, drawings<br />
of a few small species having been included " on account of their<br />
interesting character, although they possess but little economic<br />
value." Mr. Kirk, indeed, appears throughout to have been mindful<br />
of the double purpose of his work, and the botanical and techno-<br />
logical portion are treated with equal care.<br />
Manual of Orchidaceous Plants. Part. V. Masdevallia. Chelsea:<br />
James Veitcli & Sons. 8vo, pp. 82. Price 7s. Qd.<br />
This fifth part of the ' Manual of Orchidaceous Plants ' treats<br />
on Masdevallia and the allied genera, Pleurothallis, Cryptophoranthus,<br />
Restrepia, Arpophyllum, and Platyclinis. The five latter genera are<br />
of little horticultural importance, and have therefore been only<br />
shortly described. The genus Cryptophoranthus was founded in<br />
1881 by Kodriguez. None of his species, however, are included<br />
under this name in this part, but two well-known plants have been<br />
removed to it, viz., Pleurothallis atropurpxirea (syn. Masdevallia<br />
fenestrata) and Masdevallia Dayana, which are popularly known as<br />
" Window-Orchids," on account of the openings on each side caused<br />
by the sepals being united at their tips. The plants known in<br />
gardens as Dcndrochili have also been placed in their proper position<br />
under the Benthamian genus Platyclinis, true species of Dendrochilnm<br />
not being at present in cultivation.<br />
The chief value of this part is to be found in the synopsis of the<br />
genus Masdevallia. Sixty good species are here described ; more<br />
than twice that number are known to science, but many of them<br />
are of botanical interest only. An attempt has been made at<br />
classification, the species being divided to form sections, three of<br />
which are Keichenbachian, viz. :— (1) Eumasdcvallia, (2) SuccolahiuUB,<br />
and (3) TriaristeUcB. The fourth section has no name, but is<br />
typified by M. swertioifolia and M. gihherosa. These sixty-six species<br />
include several plants hitherto regarded as species, but which are<br />
now classed either as synonyms or varieties. The ChimKroid<br />
section has been well treated, but we cannot altogether accept<br />
M. acrochordonia as a synonym of M. PJphippium. It is in the (-ame
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 81<br />
section certainly, but it requires a somewhat elastic imagination<br />
to make it agree with M. Bljihippium at all, except in colour. The<br />
flowers, "when viewed laterally, are oblong-obovate, and not suborbicular<br />
; the tails are also much shorter, and spirally twisted,<br />
especially those of the lateral sepals, and the leaves are, in comparison,<br />
much broader and more obtuse than in M. Kphijipinni.<br />
As in the preceding parts, hybrids—natural and artificial—are<br />
described at the end of the species, but they are not yet very<br />
numerous in this genus.<br />
The coloured maps, which formed such a conspicuous feature in<br />
other parts of this work, are absent from this, Messrs. Veitch<br />
deeming them uimecessary, as the habitats of the Masdevallias could<br />
be seen by reference to the maps which accompanied the descriptions<br />
of Odontoglossums and Cattleyas. We regret the absence of the<br />
maps, as it is awkward to have to refer back to another part for this<br />
information.<br />
We were particularly struck with the cut of M. racenwsa, reduced<br />
to half natural size, showing a spike of fourteen flowers open at<br />
once. We have seldom seen more than one, or very rarely two or<br />
three, flowers open at once on cultivated plants. The lowest flower<br />
opens first, and as soon as it is over the one above it, and so on to<br />
the top of the raceme. But the illustration may have been made<br />
from a wild herbarium specimen. John Weathers.<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
Bot. Centralblatt (Nos. 49-52). — S. Rostowzen, *Ein interessanter<br />
Wohnort wilder Pflanzenformen.'<br />
Botaniska Notiser (Hiift. 6).—B. Jiinsou, ' Positivt heliotropiska<br />
luftrotsfasciationer bos Aloe hrecifoUa.' — L. M. Neuman, ' Studier<br />
ofver Skaues och Hallands flora.'—B. Custer, ' Ajucja pyramidalis x<br />
reptans.'— J. R. Junguer, ' Om<br />
Papaveraceerna i Upsala Botaniska<br />
Triidgand jemte nya hybrida former.'<br />
Bot. Zeitiing (Nos. 47-49).—H. Solms-Lambach, ' Die Heimath<br />
und der Ursprung des Carica L'apdija.' — (Nos. 50-52). F. Hegelmaier,<br />
' Ueber dur Keimsack einiger Compositeu und dessen<br />
Umhiillung.'<br />
Bulletin Bot. Soc. France (xxxvi. 6: Dec. 1). — A. Pomel,<br />
Cyclamen sahlcnse, n. sp.—P. Fliche, ' Notes<br />
sur la flore de la Corse.'<br />
—Memoir of Paul Antoine Sagot (1821-1888).—L. Guignard, 'Sar<br />
les antherozoides des Marsiliacees et des Equisetacees.' — D. Clos,<br />
' ConvolviduH tenuissinius.' — L. Mangin, ' Observations sur le developpement<br />
du Pollon.' . Hy, ' Sur les modes de ramification<br />
et de cortication dans la famille de Characees.'<br />
Bull. Torreij Bot. Cluh (Dec).— J. Schrcnk, ' Floating-tissue of<br />
Nesaa^a verticillata '<br />
(3 plates).— N. L. Britton, ' Plants collected by<br />
Rusby in S. America' {(iaiartia montanti, IJaiihinui linsbiji,
32 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitsclirift (Dec). — L. Charrel, * Colchicum<br />
micrantJiuin Boiss.' — E. Wettstein, ' Studien iiber die Gattungen<br />
Cephalanthera, Epipactis, & Luiiodorum ' (1 plate).— J. A. Knapp,<br />
' Die Heimath der Syrinrja persica.' — H. Zukal, ' Ueber die Entsteliung<br />
einiger Nostoc- und Gloeococapsa-formen.'—H. Sabransky,<br />
liubus Spitzneri, u. sp. — J. Freyu, ' Plants Karoaufe ' [Astrcujalus<br />
Karoi, n. sp.).—H. Drauu, ' Rosa sarmentosa Woods.'<br />
Tram. Bot. Soc. Edinhiirgh (xviii. 3 : Dec. 1889).— A. Galletly,<br />
'Wood of Kesin-producing trees.' — D. Cliristison, 'Increase in<br />
Girth of Trees.' — G. Bird, ' Rarer Plants of Dovrefjeld.' — A.<br />
Bennett, 'Records of Scottish Plants during 1888.' — J. E. T.<br />
Aitchison, ' Botanical Features of Country traversed by Afghan<br />
Delimitation Commission, 1881-5.' — Id., ' The Source of Badsha,<br />
or Royal Salep.'—P. B. White, ' Willows in Edinburgh University<br />
Herbarium.' — P. Sewell, ' Flora of the coasts of Lapland and<br />
Siberia' {Carex SeweUii A. Benn. & C. B. Clarke, n. sp. : 1 plate).<br />
—J. W. H. Trail, ' Galls of Norway.' — Id., ' Fungi of Hardanger '<br />
[Leptospharia quadrisejjtata, Ophioholus immersus, Ramularia Oxijrio},<br />
PhijUosticta Geranii, Septoria Rumicis, Rhabdospora Artemisia;, Marsonia<br />
Salicis, spp. nn.). — J. Wilson, ' Fertilisation of Apidistra by<br />
Slugs.'<br />
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
Dec. 5, 1889.—Mr. J. G. Baker, Vice-President, in the chair.<br />
—The following were elected Fellows of the Society :—Rev. J. H<br />
Crawford, Major A. R. Dorward, Messrs. S. A. Moor, W. Rome,<br />
J. Shirley, H. L. Stonham, C. W. Turner, J. T. Tristram Valentine,<br />
J. H. Veitch, J. J. Walker, and John Watson.—Mr. George Murray<br />
exhibited and made some remarks upon specimens of Struvea rnacrophylla<br />
and S. plumosa.—Mr. A. W. Bennett communicated some<br />
observations on a new and a little-known British Fresh-water Algte,<br />
Schizothrix anylica and SpharojAaa annulina. It was pointed out<br />
that Schizothrix of the ' Phycologia Britannica ' is really an Inaetis.<br />
—Mr. E. M. Holmes exhibited, as a new British Marine Algae, a<br />
specimen of Gracilaria divergens, a rare native of the warmer<br />
portions of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, which had been<br />
recently found at Brighton by Mr. J. Myles. The specimen<br />
exhibited possessed tetrosporic and cystocarpic fruits not described<br />
by Agardh.—Mr. T. Christy exhibited and made remarks on some<br />
" liquid amber " or resin, Altinyia excelsa, from Cochin China. —<br />
paper was then read by Mr. George Massee on the life-history of a<br />
stipitate Fresh-water Algaj, illustrated by some excellent diagrams.<br />
A discussion followed, in which the chairman, Mr. Murray, and<br />
Mr. Bennett took part.<br />
We regret to record the death of Prof. W. R. McNab, of Dublin,<br />
which took place on Dec. 8rd. We hope to give a notice of the<br />
deceased botanist next month,
? I<br />
GMassee del.<br />
R.Morganlnii.<br />
/<br />
o<br />
^f \ Q<br />
^//<br />
ft*<br />
Podaxis Faplowi, ifcuss.n sp.<br />
1/<br />
^^'<br />
Tal).2 9 5.<br />
z**^^<br />
^ V<br />
lO<br />
''-^
Gr.Massee del.<br />
R.Morgajilith.<br />
Podauxis iTidica Sprertg.<br />
Tab. 2 94.<br />
WestjNewmanimp
33<br />
A MONOGKAPH OF THE GENUS POBAXIS Desv.<br />
(= PODAXON Fb.).<br />
By George Massee.<br />
(Plates 294 & 295.)<br />
The genus Podaxis has up to the present been considered as<br />
typical of the Gastromycetes, which, with the Hymenomycetes,<br />
constitute one of the primary divisions of Fungi known as the<br />
Basidiomycetes, characterised by having the spores produced from<br />
the apices of large clavate cells or hasidia. The receipt of a batch<br />
of Podaxis indica Spreng. (= Podaxon jiistiUaris Fr.), from South<br />
Africa, including some very young specimens, has led to the<br />
unexpected discovery that the spores are produced in asci, consequently<br />
the genus belongs to the Ascomycetes. The species of<br />
Podaxis are amongst the largest of fungi, and so close is the<br />
general appearance to that presented by typical Gastromycetes, that<br />
they have hitherto been mistaken for long-stalked puff-balls, with<br />
stems varying from ten to fourteen inches high, and half-an-inch or<br />
more in thickness ; the head is usually ovate, from three to seven<br />
inches high, and at maturity filled with a dense powdery mass of<br />
spores, usually mixed with threads. In Saccardo's ' Sylloge Fungorum<br />
' the genus Podaxon is given as the type of a tribe of Gastromycetous<br />
fungi called Podaxinea. It may be stated that all the<br />
genera included in the above-named tribe, with the exception of<br />
Podaxis, belong to the Gastromycetes.<br />
Morphology.<br />
Differentiation of the gleba up to the escape of the spores from<br />
the asci takes place while the fungus remains under ground. The<br />
youngest specimen examined was broadly elliptical, 2 cm. liigh by<br />
1-5 cm. in diameter, and furnished at the base witii a white,<br />
cobweb-like mycelium that had bound together the sand into a<br />
compact bulb-like mass. At this stage the plant consists of a<br />
homogeneous weft ; the component hyphfe are richly supplied with<br />
densely granular, vacuolated protoplasm ; the walls are very thin,<br />
and transverse septa numerous. The average diameter of the<br />
hyphae is about G //, but in numerous instances certain cells become<br />
iiitlated into a more or less spherical or pyriform shape, and many<br />
of the blind ends of lateral branches terminate in a broadly obovate<br />
cell (fig. 8). The walls of the hyplia) become violet at once on the<br />
apphcalion of sulphuric acid and iodine. The hypha) run mostly in<br />
the direction of the axis of growth, giving oil" numerous lateral<br />
branches, which thread irregularly between the ascending primary<br />
hyphit!, and usually terminate in blind ends. The weft is compact,<br />
but the hypha) are not crowded, and there are many small, irregular<br />
interstices containing air. When the fungus has reached a height<br />
of 5 cm. with a diameter of 3 cm., a vertical median section shows<br />
a considerable amount of internal differentiation, and strongly<br />
recalls to mind the appearance of a section of a young agaric<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [Feb. 1890,] d
34 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXON FE.).<br />
belonging to the section Amanita. For a distance of 1 cm. from<br />
the base the tissue is very compact, and is continued upwards as a<br />
stout, central, cylindrical axis ; a thick peripheral portion of the<br />
young fungus, in organic continuity with the apex of the central<br />
axis and the basal compact portion, also remains as a protective<br />
wall, homologous with the pileus of an agaric ; finally, the weft of<br />
hypha between the central axis and the external wall becomes the<br />
gleba, which in the median vertical section appears as an elongated<br />
elliptical area on each side of the central axis, occupying the same<br />
position as the gills in the vertical section of a young, unexpanded<br />
agaric (fig. 2).<br />
Contemporaneous with the above changes, the hyph^ forming<br />
the peripheral portion of the entire fungus for a thickness of about<br />
1 mm,, owing to gelification of their walls, have formed an external<br />
cartilaginous coat, adnate at first to the inner, still living portion,<br />
as in the genus Bovista. There is an absence of the sinuous cavities<br />
bounded by well-defined tramal-plates, so characteristic of Gastroviycetes,<br />
but from the earliest condition the gleba presents a spongelike<br />
structure, its very irregular walls consisting of thin-walled,<br />
sparsely septate hyphae, originating as lateral branches from the<br />
hyphfe forming the central axis or the iuner portion of the outer<br />
protective wall. Mixed with the colourless, thin-walled hyphae<br />
described above are others, which originate from the hyphfe of the<br />
axis ; these latter eventually become coloured, and form the capil-<br />
litium. The thin- walled colourless hyph« forming the irregular<br />
walls of the gleba send into the interstices numerous long, lateral<br />
branches ; these branches—the ascogenous hyphae—are aseptate,<br />
have very thin colourless walls, are richly supplied with granular<br />
vacuolated protoplasm, average about 6 /x in diameter, and at the<br />
tips produce two or more short branches, which in turn emit short<br />
secondary branches, the whole forming a compact tuft ; these<br />
terminal branches differ from the parent hyphae in being broken up<br />
into numerous short cells by transverse septa ; each component<br />
cell produces a lateral outgrowth, at first papillaeform, then<br />
cylindrical, and eventually broadly obovate, and attached to the<br />
parent cell by a narrow neck ; these terminal cells,—the asci,<br />
after receiving all the protoplasm from the parent cell, are cut off<br />
from the latter by the formation of a septum across the narrow<br />
basal portion, and, when fully developed, measure about 20-24 x<br />
12-14 /x. Owing to the fasciculate arrangement of the terminal<br />
branches, the asci are densely crowded, varying in number from<br />
ten to fifty, or even seventy on specially vigorous heads. The asci<br />
are developed in succession, and it is not unusual to meet with<br />
empty shrivelled asci, others with the spores not yet differentiated,<br />
and others quite young in the same cluster. I am inclined to<br />
believe that the short, ascigerous branches are also produced<br />
laterally on the aseptate hypliai, but am not certain on this point.<br />
The asci are usually constant in form and size, but now and again<br />
an exceptionally large one maybe seen, and sometimes one or more<br />
lateral prominences disturbs the usual symmetry of outline. The<br />
asci are normally monosporous, but occasionally two spores are
A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXON FR.). 85<br />
produced, especially in the extra large or deformed examples<br />
(fig. 5).<br />
When the spores are differentiated, but before attaining their<br />
full size, and while yet quite colourless, they escape from the asci<br />
through an irregular slit, the latter persisting in the shrivelled form<br />
seen on examining the hymenium of mature specimens (fig. 4).<br />
The spores, when mature, are broadly elliptical, or sometimes subglobose,<br />
averaging 10-12 x 9 //, perfectly smooth, and of a deep<br />
translucent brown by transmitted light, and furnished with a single<br />
well-defined germ-pore. When the spores are first liberated, the<br />
colour of the gleba is very pale yellow, from this condition the<br />
coloration passes through primrose-yellow to clear brown, and<br />
eventually dark brown, as seen in the mass. The hyphae forming<br />
the capillitium are readily recognised in the earliest condition of<br />
the gleba by their thick walls, absence of septa, and greater<br />
diameter than the ascogenous hyphae, measuring 9-11 yx in diameter,<br />
and originate as lateral branches along with the ascogenous hyph®,<br />
from the central column or stem. When young, the hyphae of the<br />
capillitium are colourless, straight, rarely branched, and in this<br />
condition there is little or no indication of the spiral marking so<br />
conspicuous at maturity ; during the development of the gleba the<br />
capillitium-threads pass through the same sequence of coloration as<br />
already described for the spores, commencing with pale yellow and<br />
ending with bright brown. If a mature brown hypha is examined,<br />
the optical section presents the appearance shown in fig. 6, proving<br />
the presence of a thick wall, smooth externally, and apparently<br />
enclosing an inner wall furnished with a very fine, close spiral.<br />
This appearance is in reality due to the inner surface of the single<br />
wall of the hypha being furnished with thin, close ridges arranged<br />
in a spiral manner (fig. 7). This internal corrugation of the wall<br />
is not due to apposition of new material, but to contraction of the<br />
inner portion of the thick wall, and it is due to this internal<br />
contraction that the originally straight hyphae present the curled<br />
and contorted appearance seen at naaturity ;<br />
if mature much-cuiled<br />
hyphae are treated with sulphuric acid or potassic hydnite, the<br />
inturnal ridges disappear, and the liy[)ha becomes straigiit. At<br />
maturity many of these hyi)hie break up into a flat spirally-twisted<br />
ribbon, which is also due to the expansion and disappearance of the<br />
internal ridges (fig. G). In all probability the elasticity of the<br />
capillitium assists in dehiscence and spore-dissemination. After<br />
the formation of the spores, the compact basal portion below tlie<br />
point of attachment of the lower marj^'in of the peridium to the<br />
central axis elongates into a hollow stem eigiit to ten inches high,<br />
elevating the yet closed peridium far above ground. The ripening<br />
of the gleba, as shown by the i)rogressive coloration of the spores,<br />
commences at the base, and nearest the axis, and progresses<br />
towards the apex. When the spores arc mature, and the capillitium<br />
fully developed, the ascogenous hypha) with the clusters cif shrivelled<br />
asci can still be seen, and although usually colourless, are in some<br />
instances more or less tinged with brown ; in the clusters of split<br />
shrivelled asci arc others that prcoont no split or fracture in the<br />
d2
86 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXON PR.).<br />
wall ; these are homologous with the so-called sterile basidia or<br />
paraphyses ; at this stage the peridium breaks away from the stem<br />
at its lower point of attachment, the margin being irregularly torn,<br />
when it resembles a half-expanded agaric ; eventually the whole of<br />
the dry and brittle peridium breaks away, and the stem remains,<br />
with its blackish-brown mass of spores and capillitium resembling<br />
a bulrush, the final dispersion of the spores being effected<br />
and rain.<br />
by wind<br />
Of the six remaining species, I have only had an opportunity of<br />
examining dry herbarium specimens, and Dr. E. Fischer, from an<br />
examination of similar material collected by Dr. Schinz in Southwest<br />
Africa,* states that in Podaxon carcinomalis the spores are<br />
borne at the apices of basidia, as described by Prof. De Bary.j Now<br />
DeBary's remarks on this point are as follows:—<br />
" Specimens of<br />
Podaxon pistiUaris, or an allied species, which were younger, but<br />
had reached their full size,| showed the cavity of the peridium<br />
filled with a gleba containing an extremely large number of narrow<br />
and very sinuous chambers, very thin tramal-plates, and a dense<br />
hymenial layer consisting entirely of stout four-spored basidia.<br />
The capillitium-threads were already discernible as broad but thinwalled<br />
hyphfe passing on one side into the wall of the peridium, on<br />
the other into the columella, and in the gleba running as in Lycoperdon,<br />
partly in the tramal-plates, partly transversely through the<br />
chambers. "§ The above detailed account proves conclusively that<br />
the specimen examined by De Bary was not a species of Podaxon.<br />
As already stated, the gleba in the last-named genus is from the<br />
earliest condition entirely destitute of chambers bounded by welldefined<br />
tramal-plates, as shown in immature herbarium-specimens,<br />
which are by no means uncommon ; m the Kew Herbarium alone<br />
there are over fifty specimens of the various species, many very<br />
young, and in every species there is the same spongy gleba, composed<br />
for the most part, or in some species entirely, of ascogenous<br />
hyphaB, which are arranged in small, irregular, concentrated portions,<br />
connected by straggling hyphse ; between these latter the<br />
elongated branches bearing the clusters of asci grow, originating<br />
from the hyplife of the denser portions ; there is no hymenium in<br />
the sense of a tramal-plate, and having its surface covered by a<br />
dense hymenial layer consisting entirely of stout four-spored<br />
basidia, as in the specimen examined by De Bary, which nevertheless<br />
describes exactly the structure presented by authentic<br />
specimens of Cauloglossum transversarium Fries, a fungus bearing in<br />
vertical section a close superficial resemblance to an immature<br />
Podaxis, but which on microscopic examination proves to belong<br />
to the ILjmenoijastreiB, and characterized by the clavate form, more<br />
or less attenuated downwards into a stem, which continues through<br />
the gleba as a central axis, the gleba consisting of numerous very<br />
* Hedw. 1889, Heft. i. pp. 1—8, pi. i.<br />
t Vergl. Morphol. u. Biol, der Pilze (1884), p. 343,<br />
\ In the Herbarium at Berlin, marked Schweinfurth, Iter. 2, No. 275,<br />
§ ' Fungi, Mycetozoa, and Bacteria,' p. <strong>31</strong>8. Engl. Ed.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (== PO0AXON FR.). 37<br />
small sinuous cavities, bounded by thin tramal-plates having their<br />
free surfaces completely covered with large, obovate, four-spored<br />
basidia. In Caidof/Iossum proper the base of the peridium does not<br />
break away from the central axis at maturity, the dispersion of the<br />
spores taking place only after the decay of the entire fungus, as in<br />
most, if not all, of the members of the Hymenogastrece.<br />
The genus Secotium agrees in detail with Caidoglossum in the<br />
structure of the gleba, but in Secotium the gleba, instead of being<br />
elongated and clavate, as in Caulogiossum, forms a flattened<br />
expansion bent down all round the stem. Intermediate structures,<br />
with a similar gleba and central axis, connect the two last so-called<br />
genera. Berkeley's genus PoUjplocmm proves on examination of<br />
the type-specimen to be closely allied to Montagnites. Numerous<br />
specimens in the Kew and British Museum Herbaria, at present<br />
named and arranged according to the Friesian method, prove that<br />
the whole group at present known as the Gastromgcetes requires a<br />
thorough revision ; this can only be done by a careful examination<br />
of individual specimens, and not by a rearrangement, taking the<br />
already accepted names and descriptions as a basis, as has been<br />
done in Saccardo's ' Sylloge.' Caulogiossum jEggpticum of the lastnamed<br />
work is a true Podaxis.<br />
Eeturning to Fischer's statement, the case is quite different<br />
the species figured is undoubtedly that known as Podaxon carcinomalis<br />
Fries, and the clavate structures that I have described as<br />
asci in Podaxis indica are considered as basidia, and drawn with<br />
four spores springing from the apex. It is difficult to realize that<br />
two funguses resembling each other so closely in every other<br />
respect, that from external characters alone would undoubtedly be<br />
considered as being the same species, should belong to the Basidiamycetes<br />
and Ascomycetes respectively, as would be the case assuming<br />
both observations on the origin of the spores to be correct, and yet<br />
every worker with specimens must know how treacherous general<br />
resemblances prove in many cases, and even in the seven known<br />
species of Podaxis we meet with other remarkable differences,<br />
certainly not so important as the above, nevertheless such as would<br />
hardly be expected in a small genus, as the presence of a copious<br />
capillitium in some species, and its rudimentary condition or total<br />
absence in others, or the difference in origin of the spores, which<br />
can perhaps be explained by assuming that the existing known<br />
species represent the two poles of a once larger genus, and some<br />
colour is given to this idea when we take into consideration the very<br />
wide geogi-aphical range combined with the comparative rarity<br />
of existing species.<br />
I have had no opportunity of examining young spirit-preserved<br />
material of P. ca)rino)iialis, but this is one of the commonest species<br />
in herbaria, and I have devoted a considerable amount of time in<br />
examining dry material in various stages of development, and<br />
I invariably fiud dense tufts of what I take to be asci, as represented<br />
in fig. 10 ; when dry, and for some time after being placed iu water,<br />
the clavate bodies are shrivelled, as in fig. iaa, but after soaking<br />
for some time they become inflated, and in spite of prolonged and
38 A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. {= PODAXON FR.).<br />
careful search, with, I believe, total absence of bias, I have not in<br />
a single instance caught a glimpse of anything that indicated the<br />
point of attachment of a spore at the apex of what Fischer considers<br />
to be the basidia; the apices are absolutely smooth and homogeneous,<br />
whereas in Geaster and several genera belonging to the Hymeno-<br />
gastrece, where the spores are sessile on the basidia, the latter<br />
always show clearly a scar corresponding to the point of attachment<br />
of the spores. What I do find in the shrivelled bodies, after having<br />
become fully expanded, is an irregular slit in the wall, sometimes<br />
apical, sometimes slightly removed from the apex, and through this<br />
slit I assume (but in the species under consideration have no<br />
evidence) that the spore has escaped from the ascus. A final<br />
objection to the basidial nature of the clavate bodies in P. card-<br />
nomalis, in common with all the species, is the total absence of<br />
young spores ; during the examination of material from immature<br />
specimens, I have repeatedly noticed clusters of the spore producing<br />
bodies in various stages of development, some very small, but in<br />
every instance perfectly smooth at the apex; whereas in the<br />
Gastromycetes, as a rule, the spores first appear at the apices of the<br />
basidia as conspicuous papillae.<br />
The ascosporous hyph^, with their clusters of asci, persist in a<br />
shrivelled condition in all the species of Podaxis, and the spores<br />
may usually be seen adhering in clusters to the shrivelled asci,<br />
being held by some mucilaginous substance furnished by the partial<br />
disintegration of the hyphse, and it sometimes happens that one or<br />
more spores are agglutinated to the apex of an ascus in such a<br />
position as to suggest the idea of a basidium with spores attached<br />
to its apex ; but this idea is dispelled by further examination,<br />
which reveals spores agglutinated, but not organically attached to<br />
the asci in all positions, and, by their dropping away when hydrate<br />
of potash or hydrate of ammonia is run in under the cover-glass,<br />
the last-mentioned medium is very useful in soon causing expansion<br />
of the shrivelled asci in old specimens.<br />
A very remarkable modification of the already-described ascogenous<br />
mode of spore-formation is met with in Podaxis Emerici<br />
Berk., where the hymenial hyphfe produce at their tips, and also<br />
laterally, short, simple branches, with very few transverse septa<br />
this septate portion eventually gives origin to numerous obovate<br />
cells, homologous with the asci in P. indica ; these cells, after<br />
receiving all the protoplasm from the parent-cells, are respectively<br />
cut off from communication with the latter by the formation of<br />
transverse septa at the narrow basal portion, are at first colourless,<br />
and filled with granular vacuolated protoplasm, and become<br />
differentiated into spores furnished with one (rarely two) germpores<br />
in the thick wall, and, while yet colourless, fall away as free<br />
spores showing very distinctly at the narrow end, the "hilum," or<br />
projecting scar, corresponding to the point of attachment to the<br />
parent -cell ; the spores continue to increase in size after becoming<br />
free, and when mature are coloured olive-brown (fig. 25).<br />
Comparing these spores with those of P. indica, we notice that<br />
the development is absolutely homologous up to the point of
NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS. 89<br />
formation of the terminal obovate cells borne by the specialized<br />
septate portions of the hymenial hyphae, then in P. indica the wall<br />
of the obovate terminal cell is recognised as an ascus, its protoplasm<br />
resolves itself into a spore surrounded by its own cell-wall, which<br />
in course of time escapes from the mother-cell or ascus, leaving<br />
the latter permanently attached in a shrivelled condition to the<br />
mother-cell, from which it originated. In. P. Emerici the obovate<br />
bodies become directly transformed into spores, the original cellwall<br />
adhering to, and forming a somewhat loose investment on the<br />
inner and thicker true wall of the spore ; as the latter increases in<br />
size, the outer wall—homologous with the ascus in P. indica—<br />
becomes closely adnate to the inner, coloured wall, but can be<br />
readily separated by the application of sulphuric acid. When I first<br />
saw the spores of P. Emerici, each with its very evident hilum or<br />
point of attachment, I searched further for the basidia, as figured<br />
by Fischer in P. carcinomalis, each basidium bearing four sessile<br />
spores at its apex ; but I am convinced from repeated examinations<br />
that in P. Emerici the spores, which are the homologues of spores<br />
and asci combined in P. indica, fall away directly from the septate<br />
mycelium. Now it is clear that the spores of P. Emerici cannot be<br />
called ascospores, because they are not produced in asci or mothercells,<br />
from which they eventually escape, and, if not ascospores,<br />
they must in the broader sense be basidiospores, and, if so, the<br />
sparsely septate portion of mycelium from which they originate<br />
must be a basidium. It must not be supposed that the transition<br />
from ascospores to<br />
with basidiospores,<br />
basidiospores is abrupt ; in P. Emerici mixed<br />
characterized by the well-marked hilum, may<br />
occasionally be seen perfectly smooth spores without any trace of a<br />
hilum ; such spores are technically ascospores, having escaped from<br />
the mother-cell, contrary to the rule, and it is not rare to find<br />
spores with the outermost portion corresponding to the ascus in P.<br />
indica, split and partly removed (fig. 26) ; in fact, there is in<br />
P. Emerici every transition of spore-origin between what has been<br />
spoken of as ascosporous and basidiosporous respectively ; furthermore,<br />
I have reason to believe that in every species of Pudaxis there<br />
is a sprinkling of spores produced as basidiospores, that is, spores<br />
falling away with the wall of the obovate cell as a permanent<br />
external investment, instead of escaping from this wall, which then<br />
is considered as an ascus, as is most usual in all species, except P.<br />
Emerici, where the reverse holds good regarding the<br />
the two modes of spore-formation.<br />
proportions of<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS.<br />
Py G. Claridge Druce, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
The following notes were made on a visit lo Strath Tay in 1888,<br />
and to Easterness, Banif, Elgin, and iioss-sliiro in 188!J. The first<br />
visit was marred by wet weather and a backward season, which
40 NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS.<br />
prevented the roses from being carefully worked. This year the<br />
visit was equally mis-timed, for I reached Scotland at the end of six<br />
weeks' drought, which had dried up the vegetation hi a terrible<br />
manner, and which the continued rainfall I experienced did little to<br />
benefit. I spent two hours in Glen A'an, but got soaked shortly<br />
after reaching the rocks. There is still a good deal of work to be<br />
done on the rocks around its head and on the southern side.<br />
Such of the following plants as are believed to be new records<br />
are marked * ; personal vouchers for which authority is lacking in<br />
Top. Bot. are marked f. In a few cases I have put in some<br />
altitudinal records where these extend the range from those given in<br />
the ' Student's Flora.' It is quite probable that these have been<br />
already noted by other observers. I am indebted to Messrs. Arthur<br />
Bennett, F. J. Hanbury, F. Townsend, M.P., and Eev. W. Moyle<br />
Rogers for kind assistance.<br />
The variety of Ranunculus acris L., called by Wahlenberg piimilus<br />
(see Journ. Bot., 1889, 204), I have had in cultivation a year; it<br />
still retains its characters. I saw a plant or two in Glen A'an, at<br />
nearly 3000 ft. ^Banff, 94.<br />
Erophila mflata Hook. f. occurred by the Loch on Lawers. It<br />
scarcely seems worthy of specific designation ; an inflated fruited<br />
form of E. precox, which we have in Oxfordshire, closely<br />
approaches it.<br />
Draba incana L., as the var. contorta (Ehrh.), was plentiful on<br />
the cliffs of Meal Garbh, 88, and also sparingly in *West Eoss, and<br />
on sand-hills in East Ross.<br />
Arabis petrcRa Lamk. The glabrous cut-leaved variety from the<br />
Cairngorms retains its characters under cultivation, although it has<br />
narrowly escaped destruction from slugs, which are passionately<br />
fond of it, while they utterly neglect the Ben Laoigh plant, which<br />
also remains unaltered under cultivation. I saw the glabrous form<br />
in *Glen A'an, Banff.<br />
Viola lutea Huds., var. aincena (Symons). Perhaps under this<br />
should be placed an extremely handsome form which occurred on<br />
the cliffs of Meal Garbh, notwithstanding its tricolor aspect. It is<br />
more correctly the var. grandijiora of Gren. et Godr. vol. i., p. 184;<br />
see also Vill. Cat. Strasb., which, I believe, was a yellow-flowered<br />
form.<br />
"^Fumaria dendflora DC. On rubbish-heaps, Inverness, 96. —<br />
^F. capreolata L. West Ross, 105.<br />
*Dianthus deltoides L. Linlithgow ; v. sp. in Hort. Ox. Forfar,<br />
90 ; V. sp. in Hort, Ox.<br />
Lychnis diurna Sibth. Occurred with white flowers on Ben Lawers.<br />
Arenaria sedoides Schultz. Ascends to at least 3600 ft* on<br />
Lawers, 88, and descends to 1800 ft. on Ben Slioch. fWest Ross,<br />
forma apetala, 105.<br />
I Cerastium tetrandrum Curtis, Nairn, 96.— *C. aljAmivi L. Not the<br />
lanatum of Lamarck, but that pubescent lighter green plant which<br />
is, I believe, Bentham's var. piloso-puhescens. Loch A'an, 94.<br />
StcUaria media Cyr,, var. *major Koch, Kiulochewe, 105.
NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS. 41<br />
SUme acatilis 3 ?icq. iii Hort. Vinci., =''var. ehnijata Gaud. Wet<br />
rocks, Cairngorm, 96.<br />
^'Hypericum Androscenmm L. Glenelg, W. Eoss, 105.<br />
Geranium sylvaticum L. Ascends to over 3000 ft. on Lawers.<br />
The var. pardfionim Blytt occurs with the type at Moness Falls, 88.<br />
AntlnjUis Yidneraria L,, with hairy stems and simple lower leaves<br />
grew on the cliffs of Meal Garb.<br />
Lupinus perennis L. Quite naturalized by the Kilmorack Falls,<br />
Beauly, 96.<br />
Lotus corniculatus L., with large flowers and rather fleshy leaves,<br />
grew on Meal Garb. It is probably near to the var. crassi/olius<br />
another form with very small fleshy leaves is the prevailing plant on<br />
the moorland near the Boat of Garten and Kingussie, 96.<br />
*Tri/olium 7ninus Relh. Beauly, 96.<br />
Vicia sylvatica L. grew in great luxuriance on the Den of<br />
Lawers, f 88.— *F. scpium L. Marec, 105,<br />
^Lathyrus pratensis L. Boat of Garten, 96, and Kiulochewe, 105 ;<br />
also as the *var. villosus Schl. at Beauly, 96.<br />
Geum rivale L. ascends to 2900 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Euhus saxattlis L. reaches 2800 ft. on Lawers, and nearly the<br />
same altitude on Ben Slioch,* West Eoss.<br />
FotentiUa ruhens Vill. (P. maculata Pourr.) reaches 2800 ft. on<br />
Meal Garb.<br />
Prunus avium L, On glebe at Glenelg, W. Ross, 105, Miss<br />
Macdonald.<br />
Eosa spinosissima L. Evidently the relics of an old garden by<br />
Loch Tay at Lawers. The hispid peduncled form. E, mollis Sm.,<br />
var. ccerulea (Woods). Lawers. The type ascends to 2000 ft. on<br />
Craig Cailleach. — E. tomentosa Sm. To this M. Crepin refers the<br />
very glandular rose which an expert had named E. inodora Fries<br />
see Scot. Nat., July, 89. Gathered near Lawers Pier. Eev. W.<br />
Moyle Eogers suggested (independently) that it was a tomentosa<br />
form. E. canina L., var. arvatica Baker. Lawers. —Var. pruinosa<br />
Baker. Lawers. — Var. casia (Sm.). Lawers. — Var. Kosinciana<br />
(Bess.). Lawers.—Var. verticillacantha (Merat). On Craig Cailleach,<br />
at 1800 ft.—Var. glanca (Vill.). Spey Side, Easterness, 90. *Kiulochewe,<br />
105. —Var. suhcristata. Beauly, 96. Kinlochewe, 105.<br />
*Var. celeruta Baker. Beauly, 96.<br />
* Eubus pyramidalis Kedt. Beauly, 96.— *E. calvatus Blox. Kiulochewe,<br />
105. *E. ojfinis W. & N. Kinlochewe, 105.<br />
.Spiraa Ulmaria L., var. discolor Koch. Eeaches 2900 ft. on<br />
Lawers. This form was noticed in West Eoss also.<br />
KpHobium montaitum L., forma minor Haussk., occurred at Aber-<br />
feldy and in Den of Lawers, 88 ;<br />
also by Gleann Bianasdail, in West<br />
Eoss, 105. A form of monlanum with very small flowers and<br />
repeatedly branching stem (probably owing to the attacks of an<br />
Aphis) also occurred. The large branching form plentiful by the<br />
road-side at Killiu and Lawers Professor Haussknecht has not<br />
separated from the type, nor does he specially name the dark redflowered<br />
form, which is not infrequent in some localities. The form<br />
(var. verticillatuw Koch) occurred at Aberfeldy, as also the form
42 NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS.<br />
umhrosa Haussk.—*£". obscurum x palustre Haussk. By the road-side<br />
at Lawers, and at Kinlochewe, "West Ross.— */?. obscurum x parviflorum<br />
Haussk. Kinlochewe, West Ross. — *£. obscurum Schreb.<br />
Beauly, 96.<br />
Callitriclie Jiamulata Kuetz,, in a starved form, reaches 2700 ft.<br />
on Lawers.— *C. platycarpa Kuetz. 95, 106.<br />
'^•Lythrum Salicaria L. In a marsh near the Muir of Ord, rare, 96.<br />
Sedum villosum L. On Lawers at 3000 ft.<br />
Ribes Vva-crispa L. Lawers. R. Grossidaria L. Beauly, 96.<br />
R. alpinum L. Kenmore, probably an escape, 88.<br />
Saxifraga quinquefida Haworth. Lawers, 88, teste Engler.— '^-S.<br />
grcenlandica L. = S. decipiens Ehrh., var. grcenlandica (L.). Teste<br />
Prof. Engler, who tells me he had noticed it there. I gathered it<br />
in small quantity on the east side. It is an intermediate between<br />
ccespitosa and hypnoides, which I took to be identical with the Welsh<br />
plant, but submitted it to Prof. Babington, who says :— " Not<br />
ccBspitosa ; can it be Sternbergii ? " Prof. Engler names it as above.<br />
It has not previously been recorded for Scotland.<br />
Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. The floating form occurred at the head<br />
of Loch Maree, 105.<br />
Galium palustre L., var. Witheringii (Sm.). Loch Tay Side.<br />
O. boreale L. ranges from 340 to 2900 ft. in Perth.<br />
\Cormis suecica L. Sgurr, on Suill Bhain, 105.<br />
Hieracium prenanthoides Vill. Reaches 2600. ft. on Lawers.<br />
H. anglicum Fr. Ascends to 2800 ft. on Lawers. — H. lingulatum<br />
Backh. Ascends to 2600 ft. on Ben Eay, and 2900 ft. on Ben<br />
Slioch, W. Ross, 105.— H. eximium Backh. Loch A'un, 94.— *H.<br />
holosenceum Backh. Ben Eay, 105. — *H. nigrescens Fries. Ben<br />
Slioch, 105. H. gracilentum Backh. Loch A'an. — ? H. globosum<br />
Backh. Ben Eay. Probably this, 105. H. alpinum'L. "Probably,<br />
but I cannot speak positively of such a poor specimen," F. J. H.<br />
Two only were seen much over flower. I believe them to be<br />
alpinum. Ben Eay, West Ross, 105.<br />
*Serratula tinctoria L. I saw a plant collected by Miss McDonald<br />
at Nairn, 96. How far native I cannot say.<br />
"^Arctium intermedium Schk. Beauly, 96.<br />
Senecio Jacobaa L. A form of this with very narrow ligules<br />
occurred at Beauly, 96. It looked very diflerent from the type.<br />
Antennaria dioica Gaertn. Ascends to 2800 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Cnicus lanceolatus Willd., *var. ^lemoraWRQichh. Kinlochewe, 105.<br />
Tussilago Farfara L. Reaches 2800 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Achillea Millefolium L. A very downy form of this grew in Glen<br />
Bianasdail, W. Ross.<br />
C'repis paludosa Moench. Grows at 2700 ft. on Lawers.<br />
*Aster TripoUum L. Beauly Side, Easterness, 96, and also the<br />
form (var. discoidea).<br />
Solidago Virgaurea L. 3000 ft. on Lawers, as the var. cambrica<br />
(Huds.^l. On Ben Slioch, W. Ross, where the narrow-leaved form<br />
also occurs.<br />
Campanula rotundifolia L., var. lancifolia Koch. A very beautiful<br />
form with large flowers on the rocks in Glen A'an, 94. *Tlie type<br />
in Kintail, 1U6.
NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS. 43<br />
Schollera Occycoccos Eotli. Grows near Loch Chait, on Lawers.<br />
The name Cranberry is given in Easterness to the fruit of V. Vitisidcia,<br />
where it is extensively collected for preserving.— V. uUginosum<br />
L. Ben Eay, 105.<br />
"^Pyrola media L. 105. V. sp.<br />
Vinca minor L. Occurs as an escape at Kenmore, 88.<br />
Convolvulus sepium L. Perhaps only naturalized, 96.<br />
Veronica alpina L. Ascends to 3800 ft. on Lawers. — V. montana<br />
L. Occurs at Aberfeldy. — V. arvensis L. Was noticed at<br />
2700 ft. on Lawers. — V.fruticans Crantz. In beautiful flower on<br />
Meal Garb.<br />
Melampyrum pratense L., var. hians mihi. In the Rep. of Ex.<br />
Club, 1889, I stated that I thought I saw this from the rail near<br />
Grantown, Easterness. This year I verified the record, but the<br />
locality is in Elgin. Later on I found it is the prevailing i)lant by<br />
the beautiful falls of Kilmorack, near Beauly ; a new county record,<br />
96*.<br />
Rhinanthus minor Ehrli. A small form, which Rev. E. S.<br />
Marshall has already alluded to, is common at the base of Ben<br />
Slioch, 105.<br />
Euphrasia officinalis L., var. gracilis (Fries). Occurred on Ben<br />
and a large-leaved plant<br />
Lawers, 88, and by GleanBianasdail, 105 ;<br />
from Ben Lawers, 88, and near Loch Torridon, 105.<br />
Eostkoviana Hayne by Mr. F, Townsend.<br />
Is named E.<br />
*Lycopus europcBUs L. Kintail, 105.<br />
Galeopsis Tetrahit L., var. bijida (Boenn.). Occurred with the<br />
beautiful G. speciosa Miller, at Lawers, 88.<br />
Thymus Serjiylluui L. A large handsome-flowered form grew on<br />
Lawers. Another form with large glabrous leaves ascends to<br />
2800 ft. on the same hill.<br />
*Stachys j)alustris L., var. canescens Lange (S. seyetum Hag.). A<br />
densely hairy variety occurred at Kinlochewe, 105, in cultivated<br />
fields, with the type.<br />
Myosotis alpestris Schmidt. Descends from near the summit of<br />
Lawers nearly to Loch Chait, at 2400 ft. M. repens Don. 96, 105,<br />
106. M. palustris L., var. strigulosa Reichb. 96.<br />
Lysiwackia nemorum L. Flowers at 2700 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Anayallis tenella L. A small patch by Tay Side pointed oixt to<br />
me by Miss Low. A rare plant in Mid Perth.<br />
'^Frimula veris L. Boat of Garten, 96, Miss Sangster.<br />
"^Atriplex erecta Iluds. Beauly, 96.<br />
Urlica dioica L. Grew at 2700 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Polygonum Persicaria L., *var. elatnm Gren. et Godr. Beauly, 96.<br />
— P. Aviculare L., var. rurivagnm (Jord.). Boat of Garten, 96.<br />
Mcrcurialis perennis L. Occurs at 3300 ft. on Lawers. *Kintail,<br />
105.<br />
Salix herhacea L. Summit of Bon Eay, 105. — S. Arhuscula L.<br />
Descends to 400 ft. at Lawers. 8. vi)nimilis L. Beauly, 96.<br />
*Qitcrcus scssilijhira Salisb. Beauly, 9().<br />
*Betula odorata Bechst., var. parvifoUa { Wimm.). Kinlochewe, 105,<br />
"^Goodyera repens Br. Coiil Woods, 106.
44 NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS.<br />
Tofieldia palustris Huds. Grows at 2700 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Sparganium natans L. et auct. var. (non Fries) = ^S'. affine Sch.<br />
At 2200 ft. on Ben Slioch, W. Eoss, 105.<br />
Luzula maxima DC. Was noticed at 2800 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Juncus triglumis L. Reaches 3800 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Erio2)1iorum angustifolium Roth., *var. minus Koch. On Ben<br />
Slioch, W. Ross, 105.— *Var. Vaillantianum (Poit. et Turp.). Kinlochewe,<br />
105.<br />
Scirpus jmucijiorus Light. Tall specimen (18 in.) by Beauly<br />
Firth, 96.— *!§. maritimus L. Beauly Firth, 96.— *Var. conglohatvs<br />
Gray. Loch Duich, 105.<br />
Carex pulicaris L. Ascends to 2900 ft. on Lawers.— *C. Ihnosa<br />
L. Skye ; v. sp. in Hort. Ox. Not quite typical, slightly reverting,<br />
as it does, to C. mageUanica Lamk. — *C. paniculata L. Gleann<br />
Bianasdail, W. Ross, 105. C. Goodenovii Gay, \SiV. junceUa (Fries).<br />
Ben Laoigh, Mid Perth, 88. Kinlochewe, 105. — Var. melmia<br />
(Wimm.). Ben Eay, 105. — Var. curvata. Boat of Garten, 96.<br />
C. stolonifera Hoppe antedates Gay's name, but it was appUed by<br />
Hoppe to a small form. C. hinervis L., forma nigresce'iis mihi, which<br />
is, I think, worth even a varietal name. It is the blackish-fruited<br />
form frequent in mountain localities, and appears in its most typical<br />
state on the cliffs of Glen Callater, 92, where it has much the<br />
appearance of C. frigida. It has also been noticed on Ben Laoigh,<br />
88, 98; Glen Ennich, 96; Ben Eay, 105; and is probably generally<br />
distributed. It is certainly connected with the type by an almost<br />
unbroken series of forms. — Forma elatior is the large moorland<br />
state occurring about Torridon, &c., 4 ft. high, with large, rather<br />
conical than cylindric spikelets. It is occasionally confused with<br />
the following species.— *C. laevigata Sm. Skye, Hb. Ox. sub nom.<br />
binervis.— C.flava L. var. CEderi Lilj. Kinlochewe, 105. Our old<br />
C. /lava var. lepidocarpa auct. ang. non Tausch. = var. yninor Towns.<br />
The latter name in any case cannot be retained, as Ledebour in<br />
Flor. Ross reduced C. CEderi Ehrh. to var. 7nino7- Ledeb. I have<br />
not seen Ledebour's specimens, so do not know whether they refer<br />
to this var. or to the C. Chrysites of Link. The matter is well worth<br />
investigating, as it is possible that Ledebour's name may have to<br />
rej)lace that of var. cyperoides Marss., suggested by Prof. Bailey in<br />
his excellent paper. G. fiava L. Under this I put a sedge gathered<br />
on Ben Laoigh, already referred to in Journ. Bot., Jan. 1889, and<br />
which I call flava x saxatilis. I hope to obtain Dr. Lange's opinion<br />
on it shortly. — *(7. cryptocarpa Meyer, var. Kattegattensis (Fries).<br />
I am not quite certain whether this is the correct name, but at any<br />
rate the plant is identical with the Caithness specimen {teste Mr.<br />
Arthur Bennett). I was glad to get this recent addition to our flora<br />
in a second Scotch locality, i. e., by the Beauly Frith, 96. It<br />
occurred only sparingly, and was in bad condition, from the tidal<br />
refuse. The yellowish colour of the foliage at once attracted my<br />
attention to it.<br />
^Deyeuxia neglecta Kunth, var. borealis (Hartman sub Calama^<br />
grostide). This addition to the British Flora was found in Mid Perth,<br />
88, in August, 1888, growing in a small marsh over a limited area.
NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS. 45<br />
It was first described by L, Lfestadius as a species, i.e., Calmnagrostis<br />
boreaUs, in ' Anamarkningar om Vegetationem i Karesuando<br />
och Enoutekis.' I am indebted to Mr. Arthur Bennett for a copy<br />
of the following description:— "Arista subdorsali, laua corolla<br />
brevior, caulis foliatus. Panicula stricta patens, folia radicalia<br />
dilatata, aspera, stricta, elongata. Cum C. stricta maximam similitudinem<br />
habet. Differt autem arista subdorsali, hoc est infra<br />
apicem, supra medium corolla fixa, brevissima ; pilis corollam<br />
non aequantibus ; longiora autem quam strictae. A C. epirjejos, cujus<br />
formam depauperatam primum putavi, differt glumis duplo brevioribus<br />
non acuminatis, et a C. strigosa eadem nota." When I<br />
gathered it, a specimen was at once sent to Mr. Arthur Bennett,<br />
and, in answer to my query if stricta, he replied, " Yes, or borealis"<br />
and later on leaned to the latter name, which has been kindly<br />
decided by Prof. Hackel. So far, it appears to be recorded for<br />
Europe only for Finmark, Lapland, West Bothnia. It has also<br />
been found in Greenland. Its Scotch locality is a wide extension of<br />
its range. If considered as a D. tieglecta, it is even then a rediscovery<br />
for Scotland, since the marsh near Forfar where George Don<br />
originally found the plant so-named has been dredged, and the<br />
plant lost about the time that Eriophorum alpinum ceased to exist.<br />
*• Phragmites vulgaris Trin., as the var. unifiora Dum. In Kin-<br />
taU, 105.<br />
Alopecurus genicidatas L. A glaucous form grew at Kinlochewe,<br />
105.<br />
*PJdeiim pratense L. Dingwall, 106.<br />
Holcics lanatus L. Ascends to 2200 ft. on Ben Slioch.<br />
'^Agrostis canina L., var. scotica Hackel in lit. A. canina L. occurs<br />
abundantly as a large-flowered moorland plant about the base of<br />
Ben Eay, W. Koss, 105, and is plentiful on the mountain itself.<br />
At about 1500 ft. elevation it is accompanied with, or replaced by,<br />
a dwarfur plant, which is found not only upon the quartzite screes,<br />
but also on the summit-ridges. This plant puzzles me not a little,<br />
and to see it in good condition was the special object of my northern<br />
tour. I gathered a good series, and even then felt undecided whether<br />
to put it under A. rubra Wahl. or A. canina. Sj)ecimens were sent<br />
to Prof. Hackel, and he kindly wrote :— " Your Agrostis is in some<br />
degree intermediate between A. canina and A. rubra (the existence of<br />
such intermediate forms has already been mentioned by Berlin (Ofvers.<br />
Stockh. E. Acad. Fcirhandl. 1887, p. 71), but he gave no name to<br />
any of them. I should like to name your Agrostis A. canina var.<br />
scotica, and, like A. canina, it offers two subvarieties, i.e., aristata<br />
and iinitica. The true rubra differs from it by its flat radical leaves,<br />
strongly-tufted growth, without runners, &c. From A. cajiina<br />
gennina your var. scotica differs by the lower culm, much greater<br />
spikelets, depauperate panicle, &c." The awnless form was as<br />
frequent as the type. The plant was abundant, and ascended to<br />
yOOO ft. A. canina is stated in the 'Student's Flora' to ascend to<br />
1500 ft, in Derby. The same plant occurred, although much less<br />
frequently, on Ben Slioch, but its comparative scarcity on that<br />
mountain may bo explained that the former is forest, the latter
46 NOTES ON SCOTCH PLANTS,<br />
a sheep-farm. With the large-flowered moorland form in W. Boss<br />
appeared fully typical canina, but the florets were in all cases<br />
darker-coloured. I believe, in Parnell's ' Grasses,' there is a plant<br />
labelled var. alpina from Clova similar to the var. scotica.\—A. canina<br />
L., var. mutica. A slender shape, grown form appeared by the<br />
Kilmorack Falls, 96. A. alba L., var. stolonifera (L.). Beauly, 96.<br />
— *Var. coarctata Hoffm. Beauly, 96. — *Var. maritima Meyer.<br />
Culbin Sands, 95. Nairn, 96. — *Var. gigantea Meyer. Near<br />
Beauly, 96. Near to A. nigra With. — A. vulgaris With., var.<br />
pumila (L.). Appeared to be free from disease on Lawers. A small<br />
alpine form of ^. vulgaris With, grew on dry rocks in Glen A'an,<br />
94.— *^. nigra With. Fields near Beauly, 96.<br />
Sesleria carulea Hardueni. Keaches 2800 ft. on Lawers.<br />
Deschamima ccEspitosa Beauv., var. alpina Gaud. The stunted<br />
compact form with short leaves and larger florets, so common on<br />
the upper table-land of the Cairngorms (the var. hrevifolia Parnell),<br />
in one year's cultivation has changed to a robust plant 3 ft. high,<br />
presenting little difference from the type, except in its shorter<br />
leaves and slightly larger florets. The viviparous form was fi'eq[uent<br />
on Lawers.— '''Var. iKiliida Koch. Near Kiulochewe, 105.<br />
Poa glaitca Sm. Descends to Lawers Bridge (400 ft.), on which<br />
are some stunted plants. Between this species and P. nemoralis a<br />
great number of intermediates occur, which Prof. Hackel says it is<br />
impossible to name. — *P. Balfouri Parn. The correct spelling.<br />
Cliffs of Glen Ennich, very rare, 96.— *P. nemoralis L., var. divari-<br />
cata Syme. Craig Cailleach, 88.— *P. ccesia Smith. This intermediate<br />
of P. nemoralis and P. glauca Prof. Hackel names as above.<br />
It grew on cliffs above Loch Chait, Ben Lawers. In Eng. Bot.<br />
Dr. Boswell-Syme says he had seen no wild British specimens.<br />
^Glgceria maritima Wahl. Nairn, 96.<br />
Agropyron repens Beauv., var. Leersianum Gray. Base of Ben<br />
Lawers, 88. Dingwall, 106. Kinlochewe, 105. Tije glaucous<br />
form occurred at Beauly, 96. It is probably the var. aEsium (sub<br />
Triticum) of Doll. Fl. Bad. ^'A. junceiim, Beauv. Nairn, 96.<br />
Festuca ovina L., var. genuina Hackel. Cliffs of Ben Eay, 105.<br />
— *i^. rubra L., var. lanuginosa Mert. et Koch. Culbin Sands,<br />
Elgin, 95. Nairn, 96.— "^Subvar. barhata Hack. Ben Laoigh, 88,<br />
98. Lawers, 88. A depauperate form occurred by the Abhuinn<br />
Bruachaig, and a rigid glaucous form by Loch Maree, 105. — F.<br />
pratensis Huds. Beauly, 96.<br />
^Athyriian flexile Syme. This rare and interesting form I<br />
gathered on the Cairngorms (96) last year, and have it in cultivation.<br />
Although not quite identical with the Ben Aulder plant,<br />
Dr. Buchanan White agrees with me in placing it under this name.<br />
The Ben Aulder plaut, he tells me, is slightly stouter and more<br />
oblong in outline, and narrower in proportion to its length. It is<br />
true that my cultivated specimens sufl'ered this year from being<br />
kept too dry. These fairly agree with Backhouse's specimens from<br />
Glen Prosen.<br />
+ I have since examined the specimen in the Parnell Herbarium, and find<br />
my supposition to be correct.
ON FESTUCA HETEROPHYLLA. 47<br />
Polypodiuvi vulgare L. Grew on Ben Lawers at 2800 ft.<br />
Lycopoclium alpinum L., var. decipiens Syme. Ben Lawers, 88.<br />
Ben Eay, 105. — L. Selago L., var. recurvum Desvaux. Another<br />
instance where Syme's name is given in error. Kinlochewe, 105.<br />
Equisetum sylvaticum L., var. capillare Hoffm. Lawers, 88.<br />
Kinlochewe, 105.<br />
ON FESTUCA HETEROPHYLLA, &c. Lam.<br />
By the Eev. E. S. Mabshall, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
On page 217 of this Journal for 1889, Mr. Carruthers gave his<br />
reasons for doubting the occurrence of this grass as indigenous in<br />
Britain. I have already (pp. 249, 250), made some answer to<br />
these, with reference to the question of climate and geographical<br />
distribution; and an examination of the works and i^lates to<br />
which he refers has led me to attempt a review of the evidence.<br />
It appeared desirable to have Dr. Hackel's opinion on the<br />
probabiUties of the case, and the following is a translation of his<br />
reply to my question :—<br />
" I have read Mr. Carruthers' article in ' Journal of Botany,'<br />
but am not at all of his opinion. I most decidedly dispute [the<br />
assertion] that this species has ever been cultivated on any large<br />
scale for agricultural purposes ; nor do I believe that its seeds are<br />
to be obtained anywhere in the trade. What is, and has been,<br />
taken for it has probably always been merely F. rubra, vav./allax,<br />
which has, indeed, continually been confused with heterophylla.<br />
F. heteroph]/lla is a regular wood-grass (ein achtes TFa/(/-gras), quite<br />
unsuited for agricultural purposes ; for, if it is cultivated in a<br />
sunny spot (as, for example, a meadow), at the flowering season it<br />
has no living offshoots (Innovations-blatter) left, since they then<br />
quickly die off and turn brown. Thus the yield Avould be very<br />
small. This grass is also not pleasant to cattle, on account of the<br />
roughness of its leaves." The concluding remark quite tallies<br />
with my own observation of this harsh-textured plant.<br />
Mr. Carruthers states that " it was known to George Sinclair in<br />
the beginning of this century." I submit that this assertion is not<br />
tenable, on Sinclair's own showing. The specimen inserted m the<br />
folio edition (1816) as '' Fcstuca uvina honli/oDnis," is very incomplete,<br />
but is most certainly not F. heterophylla Lam. In my<br />
opinion, the flower-head is that of a rubra-iovin, approaching var.<br />
J'allax, and perhaps identical with it. Of his plant he says :— " Its<br />
nutritive qualities are nearly the same as those of the Festuca durluscula<br />
[probably what we now call rubra, gemiina] . It is superior<br />
to that species, and to most others, in the produce of early herbage<br />
in the spring ; the herbage is very fine, tender, and succulent. It<br />
is highly superior to the Featuca ovina, of which it is considered a<br />
variety .... It flowers the last week of May, and ripens the<br />
seed in June." I had F. heterophylla constantly under observation<br />
from February to July last, and can aflirm that neither in the
48<br />
ON FKSTUOA HETEROPHYLLA.<br />
quality of its spring herbage, nor in its time of flowering and fruit-<br />
ing, does it agree with the above. Even in an early season, its<br />
flowers did not begin to expand before the middle oi June ; and its<br />
seed was not ripe till more than a month later. It is here more<br />
backward than either F. ovina or F. rubra. In the 8vo edition of<br />
1824, as stated by Mr. Carruthers, " a very good plate is given "<br />
;<br />
but the plant represented by it is neither heterophylla nor the rubraform<br />
of 1816, but F. ovina, var. vulgaris Koch. I could match the<br />
figure with shade-grown specimens so named by Dr. Hackel,<br />
collected last summer at Witley.<br />
I next come to Mr. M. J. Sutton's work (1886), of which, by<br />
the courtesy of Messrs. Sutton, a copy is before me. The short<br />
description is correct, as far as it goes, but would equally well<br />
apply to rubra fallax; and one who knew the capillary-triangular<br />
root-leaves of heterofhyUa would scarcely describe them simply as<br />
" folded." The accompanying figure bears not the faintest resemblance<br />
to the true plant, either in leaves, habit, or inflorescence, and is<br />
in marked contrast to the general excellence of the plates. The<br />
statement about its introduction in 1814 evidently points to<br />
Sinclair's book ; and the remark that it is " particularly suited<br />
to pastures, on account of its large bulk of herbage," is also very<br />
suggestive of error.<br />
Messrs. Carter's figure I have not succeeded in seeing, but this<br />
is immaterial, as they expressly state, in sending me a seedsample,<br />
that it "is the F. heterophylla of commerce and a giant<br />
variety of Festuca duriuscula or Hard Fescue."<br />
Messrs. Webb's figure is as unlike the real plant as is Messrs.<br />
Sutton's. They remark that "it produces a large quantity of<br />
foliage, which is broad aud succulent, and of a fine dark green<br />
colour. Hence, like Sheep's Fescue, it is well adapted for lawns."<br />
This is certainly not true of heterophylla, which grows in compact<br />
tufts (almost " tussocks ").<br />
I wish to express my best thanks to the three leading firms<br />
mentioned above, for their prompt help and liberal gift of seeds,<br />
which I hope to grow experimentally.<br />
Dr. Stebler stands alone in figuring the genuine plant of<br />
Lamarck. With reference to its alleged culture in England, he<br />
expressly says :— " It is very probable that the four varieties mentioned<br />
above are in reality forms of tufted red fescue [Festuca rubra<br />
fallax Hackel). The tufted red fescues are often regarded as<br />
varieties of various-leaved fescue." He states that commercial<br />
seed is rarely genuine, F. fallax being usually substituted for it,<br />
but mentions two German houses and one in Paris from which he<br />
has obtained it. Messrs. Sutton write to me as follows :—<br />
" The true F. heterophylla is very seldom oS'ered in the trade. We<br />
used to sell considerable quantities, but lately have been unable to<br />
get sufficient seed, really true, to make it worth while ofl^ering it in<br />
our catalogue." As, however, they maintain that Mr. Martin<br />
Sutton's figure "was certainly Festuca heterophylla, ... a very<br />
luxuriant specimen grown on soil suitable to it," their opinion<br />
seems to me of small value, either way ; and I greatly doubt their
ON FESTUCA HETEROPHYLLA. 49<br />
having ever had the right thing.* Dr. Stebler states that " gardeners<br />
use various-leaved fescues for borders, &c.," but does not say whether<br />
the plant intended is fallax or heterophylla. Mr. Carruthers kindly<br />
showed me the original work, as well as the English translation,<br />
and I take the following remark from that :— " It is said, if sown<br />
in the open, to come up, but to be much less vigorous, and to<br />
quickly fall off in its yield, as Langethal . . . mentions."<br />
I have seen a specimen of Mr. Brotherston's plant from near<br />
Kelso, referred to by Mr. Britten at p. 272, and consider it to be<br />
rightly named, though the specimen is scanty. Its occurrence as a<br />
true native in Scotland is most improbable, and the locality (road-<br />
sides) is suspicious in itself.<br />
On the whole, I think the<br />
justify Mr. Carruthers' statement<br />
evidence qaite insufficient to<br />
[l. c.) :— '• That the plant has<br />
been in cultivation for over seventy years, and that the seed can<br />
be purchased at any seedsman's for a small price per pound, cannot<br />
be doubted." In fact it h extremely doubtfiU ivhether true seed is<br />
procurable at all in this country. Yet it is a very ornamental grass,<br />
and one which might well be used for the shaded parts of a garden,<br />
or for ornamental plantations ; and its occurrence at Kelso may be<br />
due to such a cause, or to mere accidental introduction. Even if<br />
it were a species largely cultivated, that would not militate against its<br />
being a true native, as ivell.<br />
A friend whose opinion I estimate very highly has questioned<br />
the Witley station, on account of the immediate proximity of<br />
rhododendrons and other planted things ; but I have not found a<br />
single root of the Festuca growing under them. The soil on which<br />
it occurs seems to have been little, if at all, disturbed ; and its<br />
companion-grasses are all native. These are F. rubra, F. ovina, vars.<br />
vulgaris and capillata, Dactylis, Poa nemoralis and P. pratensis, var.<br />
angustifolia. My own decided opinion, after carefully balancing<br />
the probabilities, is still in favour of its being equally native with<br />
the rest. The Hants station so far as my memory serves me, is<br />
not open to the same objection, on the ground of introduced<br />
neighbours. I believe that the species, if looked for, will be found<br />
in many parts of Southern England, though very likely of local<br />
occurrence. Mr. Druce appears to think it a probable native in<br />
his Oxfordshire locality.<br />
In Dr. Hackel's ' Mon. Fest. eur.,' (p. 130) F. heterophtjlla,<br />
this plant is placed as a subspecies of F. rubra. In my humble<br />
opinion, it has quite as strong claims to specific distinctness as<br />
either rubra or orina ; and the learned author himself wrote to me,<br />
on its first discovoi-y, that " he must admit never having found any<br />
certain transitional forms ; a fact tending to justify the specific<br />
separation." It may be desirable to give his description of the<br />
grass, as the monograph is not widely known in this country :<br />
• Since this paper has been in the printer's hands, Messis. Sutton have<br />
sent me a plant of the true F. heterophylla, grown on their trial grounds in<br />
1886. They add : " We have many years sold seed (juitc as true as tliat<br />
which we sent to you, but lately it has been so much mixed with A irajli'xuom that<br />
we have been unable to separate it and, therefore, could not offer it."—E. S. M.<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [Feb. 1890.] k
50 ON FESTUCA HETEEOPHYLLA.<br />
(( Char. Dense ccespitosa, innovationes plercBque intravaginales,<br />
interjectis paucis extravaginalibus non repentibus. Lamina obtusce,<br />
valde difformes, innovationum arete complicatce, capillares, trigoncB,<br />
superiores 3-nerves, intiis depresse— l-costatce, fasciculis sclerenchymaticis<br />
8-inferioribus instructce, absque cellulis buUiformibus, foliorum<br />
culmeorum multoties latiores, plana;, 7-11-nerves, superne elevato<br />
6-7-costata, fasciculis schrencliy maticis et superioribus singulis nervis<br />
marginibusque correspoudentibus, cellulisque bulbi/ormibus instructcB,<br />
Ovarium apice hispidulum.<br />
" Descr. Culmi elati (ad GO cm. et ultra), saepius 3-nodes, nodo<br />
summo in | i culmi sito, superne teretes, striati, laeves. Vaginm<br />
foUonim imiovatio7ium trigonce, laeves v. scaberulae, 3-5-nerves,<br />
tenues, cito marcescentes, emarcidse fuscae, demwn parce fibrosce.<br />
" LamincB innovationum 0.4— 0.6 mm. diam., etiam vivse arctse<br />
complicatae, longissimee, y7rtcciVte, molles, Icete virides, angulis plerumque<br />
scabraB, (saltem parte suprema), acute carinatae, sectione, transversa<br />
deltoideae, foliorum culmeorum 2-3 mm. l&tse, superne<br />
pubescentes. Panicula major [6-16 cm. hj.) ovata, laxiuscida,<br />
authesi patens, apice saepe nutans, rhachi scrabra, ramis inferioribus<br />
2-3 nis, primario dimidia panicula plerumque longiore, a<br />
^-spiculiferis.<br />
" SpiculiB lineari-oblongcB, 8-10 mm. Ig., remote 3-9-flores,<br />
virentes v. violaceo-variegatae. Giumce steriles inaequales v. sub-<br />
aequales, acutissimae, carina scabrte, Ilda snbxilato-lanceolata,<br />
8 -nervis, nervis lateralibus supra medium excurrentibus, ad |-| v.<br />
ad apicem IVae pertinens, fertiles lineari-lanceolatce 5—6, 5 mm.<br />
Ig., longe acutatae, ad medium dorsum usque carinatae, costis<br />
lateralibus 2 prominulis notatae, glabra, versus apicem plerumque<br />
scabras, ex apice aristatas, arista glumam dimidiam tequans v.<br />
superans, interdum totam asquans. Palea lineari-oblonga, apice<br />
integra v. brevissime bidenticulata, carinis scabra " (page 130).<br />
Besides the typical form (that found in Britain), subvarieties<br />
Iciophylla, vulpioides [F. vidpioides Schur.), and puberula are men-<br />
tioned (p. 1<strong>31</strong>).<br />
This may be a suitable opportunity for pointing out that the<br />
Festuca list in the ' London Catalogue,' ed. viii., needs some<br />
revision. There are two different plants under the one name<br />
of F. loliacea Huds. ; and F. fallax, if retained as a species at all,<br />
is of Thuillier, not of Hackel. Its reduction to a var. of rubra<br />
seems, from an examination of specimens named by Dr. Hackel,<br />
to be more agreeable to facts {vide Mon. p. 142). The census-number<br />
of F. duriuscula auct. augl. {F. rubra, genuina, of Hack. Mon.).<br />
appears to have been transferred bodily to fallax, which is, on<br />
present knowledge, a decidedly rare British plant. Among a large<br />
series of Surrey forms, I have not succeeded in discovering it ; and a<br />
friend's experience was, I understand, the same.<br />
" Eu-rubra " will<br />
doubtless prove to be common in every one of the 112 Watsouiau<br />
vice-counties. Is anything definite known of F. dumetorum L.<br />
(reduced in Hack. Mon. to a subspecies) as an English plant ?<br />
Festuca arundinacea Schreb., var. (nova) dubia [ad interim)<br />
Hackel in litt. Dry slopes of the coast near Steephill, I. of Wight
WTLLIAM RAMSAY M'NAB. 51<br />
Dr. Hackel gives the follomng description :— " Dififert a typo panicula<br />
depauperata, ramo primario imo trispiculato, secundario 1-2spiculato<br />
(ut in F. fratensi, a qua differt foliorum structura,<br />
formaque spicularum) " ;<br />
and adds, " It would be very desirable for<br />
you to cultivate this doubtful plant, as only then can we learn<br />
whether it is worth while to give it a special name. In any case<br />
it is very near the F. arundinacea subv, strictior. Hack. Monogr." I<br />
gathered a plant, not far off, which is assigned to this subvariety,<br />
answering to the figure of " F. elatiur a. genuina " in Syme, E. B.<br />
(_/it?e Hackel, 1. c, p. 154). Its description is :— "Laminae angustiores<br />
(3-5 mm. lat.) et breviores, rigid^e, siccando subconvoluts,<br />
ligulte manifestiores, Panicula brevior (usque 15 cm. Ig.), stricta,<br />
vix nutans, ramis patulis strictis, post anthesin contracta. Spiculae<br />
precedentis [i. e., " subvar. vulgaris "]<br />
As I may not soon revisit the neighbourhood, I think it better<br />
to publish the form in question, in the hope that a local botanist<br />
may further investigate the matter. My knowledge of F. ariindinacea<br />
does not warrant any definite opinion.<br />
In conclusion, I beg leave to acknowledge my great obligation<br />
to Prof. Hackel, and to thank the staff at the Natural History<br />
Museum for help in looking out references, &c.<br />
WILLIAM RAMSAY McNAB.<br />
William Ramsay McNab, M.D., who died in Dublin very suddenly<br />
of heart disease, on December 3rd, 1889, was born on the 9th of<br />
November, 1844, in Edinburgh, where his grandfather and father<br />
in succession held office as Curators of the Botanic Garden.<br />
Dr. McNab obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the<br />
University of Edinburgh when 22 years of age. Even while an<br />
undergraduate he was appointed assistant to the late Professor<br />
Balfour, who then held the Edinburgh Botanical Cliair ; he also<br />
studied botany under Professors Brauu and Koch, and pathological<br />
anatomy and histology under Professor Virchow in Berlin.<br />
After three years of medical practice he was appointed to the<br />
Professorship of Natural History in the Royal Agricultural College,<br />
Cirencester, and thenceforth devoted himself entirely to botany.<br />
Two years later he succeeded to the Chair of Botany in the Royal<br />
College of Science, Dublin, which he held until his death. Tlie<br />
position of Scientific Superintendent of the Royal Botanical<br />
Gardens was created for hiui by the Science and Art Department<br />
in 1880. He was Consulting Botanist and Entomologist to the<br />
Royal Dii])lin Society, Extern Examiner in liotany, Victoria<br />
University, and was in 1888 appointed Swiney Lecturer on Geology<br />
in the British Museum. In 1877 he became a Fellow of the<br />
Linncan Society.<br />
Professor McNab made numerous contributions to science,<br />
especially on the morphology and ])hysiology of plants. The Royal<br />
Society's ' Catalogue of Scientific Papers ' enumerates 33 of these,<br />
published between 180G and 1875, and he continued to add to tlicir<br />
K 2
52 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
number until his death. Contributions from his pen will be found<br />
in this Journal for 1871 and 1873. Among his papers may be<br />
mentioned :— " Experiments on the Movement of "Water in Plants,"<br />
published in vol. xxv. of the ' Transactions of the Royal Irish<br />
Academy ' (1874-5) ; " On the Development of the Flowers of<br />
Wehvitschia" (Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. (1873)).<br />
He was the author of two popular botanical text-books, ' Outlines<br />
of the Morphology and Physiology,' and ' Outlines of the<br />
Classification of Plants,' published in 1878 ; and also wrote the<br />
scientific ' Guide-book to the Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin.'<br />
During the last seven years of his life he was engaged on a large<br />
text-book of botany, and actively occupied with researches on<br />
subjects connected with this work.<br />
Dr. McNab had a wide acquaintance with modern botanical<br />
literature, both English and foreign, and was an expert alike in the<br />
systematic, structural, and physiological aspects of botany. He, in<br />
1871, was the first to introduce into England the methods of<br />
teaching botany practised abroad. His style as a lecturer was<br />
precise, lucid, and simple, and his laboratory instruction was of the<br />
highest order.<br />
His zeal for his subject was so great that he voluntarily trebled<br />
liis work at the Royal College of Science, in order that students<br />
who had entered for the examinations of the Royal University of<br />
Ireland might receive the best possible instruction. In order to<br />
devote more energy to this work, he resigned other engagements,<br />
one of which was the Chair of Botany in the Carmichael School of<br />
Medicine.<br />
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 22.)<br />
Morton, Rev. John. B.A., Camb., 1691. M.A., 1695. F.R.S.,<br />
1703. Rector of Oxendon Magna, Northants, 1706. Correspondent<br />
of Ray, Sloane, Llhwyd, and Woodward. * Nat. Hist,<br />
of Northamptoasliire,' 1712 (Plants, pp. 360-407). Copy, with<br />
his MS. notes, in Bibl. Mus. Brit., press-mark, 443, i, 10.<br />
Contrib. to R. Syn. Pult. i. 354 ; Rich. Corr. 85 ; Nich. Illustr.<br />
i. 326.<br />
Moseley, Harriet (fl. 1836-1867). Of Malvern. 1922 Drawings<br />
of British Plants (1836-1867) in Dept. of Botany, Brit. Mus.<br />
Contrib. to Lees' ' Botany of Malvern,' and to Leighton's<br />
' Flora of Shropshire.' Lees, ' Bot. of Worcester,' xc.<br />
Mosely, Walter Michael (fl. 1792). Of Glashampton, Worcestersh.<br />
Sent plants to Eng. Bot. (494, 1005).<br />
Motley, James (fl. 1847-1855). Murdered in Borneo by Mohammedan<br />
settlers. Of Aberafon, Glamorganshire, and afterwards
BiOGRAPHiCAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 53<br />
of Labuan. Coutrib. to Phyt. ii. (1847) and Journ. Bot. 1847<br />
and Carmarthen plants to Top. Bot. (551). Collected in Malaya<br />
' 1852-1855. ' Contrib. to Nat. Hist, of Labuan [with L. L<br />
Dillwyn] , 1855. Plants at Kew. Linn. Trans, xxiii. 157<br />
E. S. C. iv, 495. Bardaya Motleyi Hook. f.<br />
Mudd, William (1830-1879): b. Bedale, Yorkshire, 1830; d<br />
Cambridge, 1879. A.L.S., 1868. Curator, Cambridge Bot<br />
Gard., 1850 9-1879. 'Manual of Brit. Lichens,' 1861, and<br />
3 fasciculi of 100 specimens each. Pritz. 226 ; Jacks. 243<br />
R. S. C. iv. 502; Gard. Chrou. 1879, 558; Journ. Bot. 1879<br />
160; Trans. Bot. SocEdinb. xiv. 40.<br />
Mudie, Robert (1777-1842): b. Forfarshire, 28th June, 1777<br />
d. Pentonville, London, 29th April, 1842. Journalist. 'Botanic<br />
Annual,' 1832. 'Gleanings of Nature,' 1838. Pritz. 226<br />
Jacks. 471 ; Hoefer ; ? R. S. C. iv. 502.<br />
Munby, Giles (1813-1876): b. York, 1813; d. Farnham, Surrey<br />
1876. Gold Medallist, Edinb. Univ. Grig. Memb. Bot. Soc<br />
Edinb. Pupil of Adrien de Jussieu. ' Nat. Hist, of Dijon,<br />
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1835, 113. In Algeria, 1839-1843. ' Flore de<br />
I'Algerie,' 1847. ' Catologus,' 1859, ed. 2, 1866. Distributed<br />
fasciculi of Algerian plants. Herb, at Kew. Pritz. 228 ; Jacks.<br />
685; R. S. C. iv. 642; viii. 470; Gard. Chron. 1876, i. 539,<br />
and, with portr., ii. 261; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xiii. 13;<br />
Journ. Bot. 14, 160. Portr. at Kew. jSJunhya Pomel =<br />
Psoralen. Munbya Boiss. = Macrotomia.<br />
Munford, Rev. George (c. 1794-1871): b. Great Yarmouth,<br />
Norfolk, c. 1794 ; d. East Winch, near Lynn, Norfolk, 17th<br />
May, 1871 ; bur. East ^Vinch. Of Magdalen Hall, Oxon.<br />
' Vicar, East Winch, 1849. Flowering Plants of W. Norfolk,'<br />
Ann. & Mag. viii. (1841), 171. Botany in White's Hist. Norfolk,<br />
1863. ' Local Names in Norfolk,' 1870. R. S. C. iv. 544 ;<br />
Trans. Norf. Norw. Soc. 1872, 12.<br />
Munro, Donald (d. 1853): b. Scotland; d. 2nd April, 1853.<br />
Gardener under G. Don. F.L.S., 1821. Gardener to Hort.<br />
Soc. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 237 ; R. S. C. iv. 545.<br />
Munro, William (c. 1816-1880) : b. Druidstoke, Gloucestersh.,<br />
circ. 1816; d. Montys Court, Taunton, 29th Jan. 1880. General,<br />
39th Regt. C.B. F.L.S., 1840. Collected in Madras, Bengal,<br />
and Himalaya. ' Bambusefe,' Linn. Trans. 1870. ' Timber<br />
Trees of Bengal,' 1847. ' Himalayan Primroses,' Garden, 1879.<br />
Herbarium and MSS. at Kew. Pritz. 228; Jacks. 451 ; R. S. C.<br />
iv. 545 ; viii. 471 ; Journ. Bot. 1880, 96 ; Gard. Chron. 1880,<br />
xiii. 169 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xiv. 158. Monroa Torr.<br />
Miinronld Wight.<br />
Murchison, Charles (1830-1879) : b. Springfield, Vore, Jamaica,<br />
1830; d. London, 1879. M.D., Edinburgh. LL.D., 1869.<br />
M.R.C.P.Lond., 1855. F.R.S. Lect. Bot. St. Mary's Hospital,<br />
1856. Ir India, 1853-55. Trans, Bot. Soc. Edinb. xiv. 33.<br />
Murphy, Edmund (il. 1828-1844). Landscape Gardener. Of<br />
Dublin. ' Contributions to Fl. Hibernica,' Mag. Nat. Hist.<br />
1828, 436. ' Agricultural Grasses,' 1844. Hortns siccus<br />
illustrating same. Pritz. 228; Jacks. 196; R. S. C. iv. 654.
54 BIOGRAPHICAL, INDEX OP BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Murray, Alexander (1798 ?-1838) : b. 1798?; d. Aberdeen, 1838<br />
M.D. Of ' Aberdeen. Connection of Eocks with Plants,' Mag<br />
Nat. Hist. 1833, 335. 'Northern Flora,' 1836. Pritz. 228<br />
E. S. C. iv. 554 ; N. B. G. 488 ; Mag. Nat. Hist. ii. (1838), 160<br />
Murray, Andrew (b. before 1810 ; d. 1850) : d. Cambridge, 4th<br />
July, 1850. Curator, Cambridge Bot. Gard., 1845-50. 'Cata<br />
logue.' Sir Walter Scott, Journal, 1826. Gard. Cliron. 1845<br />
291 ; 1850, 438.<br />
Murray, Andrew (1812-1878): b. Edinburgh, 1812; d. Ken<br />
sington, Jan. 1878. W.S. F.L.S., 1861. Pres. Bot. Soc<br />
Edinburgh, 1858. Assistant- Secretary, Eoy. Hort. Soc, 1860<br />
' Pines and Firs of Japan,' 1863. Lawson's ' Pinetum.' Pritz<br />
228 ; Jacks. 585 ; E. S. C. iv. 555 ; viii. 475 ; Trans. Bot. Soc<br />
Edinb. xiii. 379 ; Gard. Chron. 1878, i. 86 ; Ent. Mo. Mag. xiv<br />
215 ; Journ. Bot. 1878, 63.<br />
Murray, Lady Charlotte (d. 1808). Of Athol House, Scotland<br />
' The' British<br />
Jacks. 407.<br />
Garden,' 1799 ; ed. 3, 1808. Eng. Bot. t. 404<br />
Murray, John (fl. 1815-1845). F.L.S., 1819. 'Physiology of<br />
Plants,' 1833. 'Economy of Vegetation,' 1838. Pritz. 229<br />
Jacks. 585; E. S. C. iv. 557.<br />
Murray, Patrick (fl. 1680). Baron of Livington. Pupil of Andrew<br />
Balfour. Collected 1000 plants at Livington before 1680, the<br />
nucleus of Edinb. Bot. Gard.<br />
Livistona.<br />
Loudon, Encyc. Gardening, 281.<br />
Murray, Peter (fl. 1802-1840). Fossil plants in Edinb. New<br />
Phil. Journ. 1828, <strong>31</strong>. E. S. C. iv. 559.<br />
Murray, Stuart (fl. 1810-1819). ' Companion to Glasgow Bot.<br />
Garden.' Found Avcna pratensis var. alpina in Arran. Eng.<br />
Bot. 2684; Pritz. 229; Jacks. 411.<br />
Nasmyth, Sir James (fl. 1775). Of Posso. Discovered Betula<br />
nana. Eng. Bot. 2326 ; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' i. 94. Nasmythia<br />
Huds. = Eriocaulon.<br />
Naylor, Frederick (1811 ?-1882) : b. 1811 ? ; d. Kew, 21st Dec.<br />
1882. F.B.S.Ed. Collected British Plants. Papers in Trans.<br />
Bot. Soc. Edinb. viii. (1866)<br />
; and Journ. Bot. 1871, 371 ; 1872,<br />
236. Journ. Bot. 1883, 192 ; E. S. C. viii. 485.<br />
Neal, Adam (fl. 1779). Catalogue of Garden of John Blackburn,<br />
1779. Pritz. 230 ; Jacks. 415.<br />
Neale, Adam (d. 1832) : d. Dunkirk, 1832. M.D,, Edinb., 1802.<br />
' Ergot of Eye,' 1828. Pritz. 230 ; Jacks. 169.<br />
Neck, Rev. Aaron (c. 1769-1852) : b. St. Mary Church, Devon,<br />
c. 1769; d. 4th Oct. 1852. B.A., Oxon, 1791. Incumbent,<br />
Kingskerswell, Devon, 1832-1852. Discovered Bupleurum<br />
aristntum (see Herb. Mus. Brit.), 1801. Contributed to Eng.<br />
Bot. 1322, 2468.<br />
Needham, Rev. John Turberville (1713-1781) : b, London,<br />
10th Sept. 1713; d, Brussels, 30th Dec. 1781. P.E.S., 1747.<br />
Prof, at Douay and (1744) Lisbon, Eector of the Brussels<br />
Academy, 1769. ' New Microscopical Discoveries,' 1745. Pritz.<br />
232 ; Jacks. 585 : Rose ; Hoefer. NeeJhamia Br.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Neill, Patrick (1776-1851) : b. Ediuburgh, 1776 ; d. Canonmills,<br />
Edinburgh, 3rd Sept. 1851 ; bur. Warriston Cemetery, Edinburgh.<br />
LL.D., Edinb. A.L.S., 1807. F.L.S.,1813. F.R.S.Ed.<br />
First Vice-Pres.Bot. See, Ed., 1836. Printer. Correspondent of<br />
Cuvier. Article, ' Fuci,' in Edinb. Encyclop. Friend of George<br />
Don. Collected Scotch plants. Secretary, Wernerian Society.<br />
Gard. Chrou. 1851, 567, 663; Cott. Gard. vii. 121; Greville,<br />
'Algffi Brit.' iv. ; Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 191; Banksian Corresp.<br />
xii. (Mar. 12, 1801). Neillia D. Don.<br />
Nelson, David (d. 1789) : d. Timor, 20th July, 1789. Kew<br />
gardener. Assistant on Cook's 3i'd voyage, 1776-1780. On<br />
H.M.S. 'Bounty,' 1787. Australian, Cape, and Timor plants<br />
in Herb. Mus. Brit. Fl. Tasmania, cxiii. ; Gard. Chron. 1881,<br />
ii. 267 ; Brown, Prodr. 481.<br />
New, Rev. Charles (d. 1875).<br />
for many years. Collected<br />
Nelsonia Br.<br />
Methodist Missionary in Africa<br />
on Kilima'Njaro, 1871. Journ.<br />
Bot. 1872, 235 ; 1875, 160 ; Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 141. Plants<br />
at Kew. Helichn/sw» Neivii Oliv. & Hiern.<br />
Newbould, Rev. William Williamson (1819-1886) : b. Sheffield,<br />
20th Jan, 1819 ; d. Kew, 16th April, 1886 ; bur. Fulham Cemetery.<br />
B.A., Cantab., 1842. M.A., Cantab., 1845. F.L.S.,<br />
1863. F.B.S.Ed,, 1841. Grig. Member Ray Soc. Curate at<br />
Bluntisham, Hunts, 1845 ; at Comberton, Cambs., 1848. In<br />
Scotland, 1845 ; in Ireland, 1852, 1858 ; in N. Wales, with<br />
J. Gay and Babington, 1862. Intimate friend of C. C. Babington<br />
and H. C. Watson. MSS. in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus.<br />
E. S. C. viii. 493; Top. Bot. 551; Journ. But., with portr.,<br />
1886, 161 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1885-86, 145. Newhouldia Seem.<br />
Newman, Edward (1801-1876) : b. Hampstead, 13th May, 1801<br />
d. Peckham, Surrey, 12th June, 1876; bur. Nunhead. Printer<br />
and publisher, pteridologist and entomologist. F.L.S., 1833.<br />
Lived at Godalming, 1817-1826. Contributed to Mag. Nat.<br />
Hist, from 18<strong>31</strong>. In Ireland, 1839. ' History of Brit. Ferns,'<br />
1840; ed. iv. 1865 (illustrated by himself ). Edited 'Phytologist,'<br />
1841-1854. 'Letters of Rusticus,' 1849. Pritz. 232; Jacks.<br />
686; R. S. C. iv. 600; viii. 494; Memoir, with portr., 1876;<br />
Journ. Bot. 1876, 223; Gard. Chrou. 1876, i. 823; Zoologist,<br />
1876, pref., with portr.<br />
Newton, James (1611 ?-1689 ?)<br />
: b. 1611?; d. 1689? M.D.<br />
• Enchiridion ' (fragment), 1689. ' Herbal ' (ed. by his son),<br />
1752 ; ed. 6, 1802 ; begun, 1680. Friend of Ray, Hermann, and<br />
Commelin. " Stirpium Britannicarum explorator indefessus,"<br />
Pluk. Aim. 200. Botanized in Scotland, Kent, Westmoreland,<br />
Dorset, Somerset, Cornwall, and Wales. Plants collected in<br />
Great Britain, Ireland, and Holland, Herb. Sloane, 205-207,<br />
236-239. Phil. Trans, xx. 263; Pref. to Herbal; MS. notes in<br />
copy of Parkinson's ' Theatrum ' in Bot. Dcpt., Brit. Mus.;<br />
Pritz. 232; Jacks. 586; Fl. Midd. 389. Portr. prolixed to<br />
Herbal.<br />
Newton, John (fl. 1640). Surgeon. Of Colliton, Somerset.<br />
Brought plants from America to Parkinson (Theatrum, 596).<br />
55"
56 BIOGRAMICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOtANlS*^.<br />
Newton, Rev. Thomas (d. 1607) : b. Presbury, Cheshire ; d.<br />
Little Ilford, Essex, May, 1607 ; bur. in Ilford Church. Surgeon,<br />
afterwards schoolmaster and clergyman. Rector of<br />
Little Ilford, 1583. Translated ' Herball to the Bible, 1587,<br />
fi'om Lemnius. Pult. i. 108; Wood, Athen. Oxon., ed. Bliss,<br />
ii. 5 ; Cooper, Athen. Cantab.<br />
Nichol, William (1836-1859) : b. Edinburgh, March, 1836 ; d.<br />
Alexandria, 7th May, 1859. M.D., 1857. F.B.S.Ed. Muscologist:<br />
" added many mosses to the flora of Scotland." Trans.<br />
Bot. Soc. Edinb. vi. 290.<br />
NichoUs, Robert (fl. 1745). Apothecary. Of London. Correspondent<br />
of Blackstone. Herbarium presented to Apothecaries'<br />
Company, 1745 ; plants now in Herb. Mus. Brit. Fl. Midd.<br />
891 ; Sloane MS. 4054.<br />
Nicholson, Henry (fl. 1712). M.D., Leyden, 1709. ' Methodus<br />
plantarum in hort. Dublin,' 1712. Pritz. 232; Jacks. 251.<br />
NicoU, William (fl. 1827-1834). Of Edinburgh. Invented<br />
section-cutting of fossil wood in 1827. ' Observations on recent<br />
and fossil Comferse,' Jameson's Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1834.<br />
Fossils in Brit. Mus. A. Geikie, ' Text-book of Geology,' ed. i.<br />
94. Nicolia Ung.<br />
Nid, John (d. c. 1659). Senior Fellow, Trin. Coll. Camb. ' Intimate<br />
friend of Ray, who preached his funeral sermon. Memorials<br />
of Ray, 11 ; Ray, Cat. pi. circ. Cantab, (pref.).<br />
Nimmo, Joseph (fl. 1837-1846). Of Bombay. Investigated Flora<br />
of Bombay, and sent plants to Wight. Completed Graham's<br />
Cat. Bombay Plants (see preface).<br />
Nimmoia Wight = Aimnania, part.<br />
Journ. Bot. 1841, 300.<br />
Niven, James (1774 ?-1826) : b. Pennicuik, Edinburgh, 1774 ? ;<br />
d. same place, 9th Jan. 1826. Grandfather of the following.<br />
Gardener in Edinb. Bot. Gard., at Syon, 1796, to Hibbert, 1798.<br />
Collected in S. Africa for Hibbert, 1798-1803, and again for<br />
Lee and others, 1803-1812. Gard. Mag. ii. 255; Bot. Rep.<br />
t. 193 ; Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 46, 134 ; Lasegue, 447 ; Trans.<br />
Hort. Soc. i. 262. Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit. Nivenia Br. =<br />
Paranomus Salisb.<br />
Niven, James Craig (1828-1881): b. Dublin, 1828; d. Hull,<br />
16th Oct. 1881. Bon of the following. Asst. Curator at Kew,<br />
1852. Curator, Hull Bot. Gard,, 1853, Lectured on Bot.<br />
at Hull. ' Cat. Herbaceous Plants at Kew,' 1853. Edited<br />
Maund's 'Bot. Garden,' 1878. Jacks, 412; Journ, Bot, 1881,<br />
352; Gard. Chron. 1881, ii. p. 541, with portr, on p. 589;<br />
Life and portr., ' Garden,' xx. (1881).<br />
Niven, Ninian (1799-1879) : b. 1799 ; d. Dublin, 18th Feb. 1879.<br />
F.B.S.Ed., 1836. Curator, Glasnevin Bot. Gard., Dublin,<br />
1834-1838. ' Companion to the Bot. Gard., Glasnevin,' 1838.<br />
Pritz. 233 ; Jacks. 411 ; Gard. Chron. (1879), xi. 277 ; R. S. C.<br />
iv. 627.<br />
Nodder, Frederick Polydore (fl. 1777-1794). Botanic painter<br />
to Queen Caroline. Drew and engraved the plates of Martyn's<br />
' Flora Rustica.' Drawings in Bot. Dept,, Brit. Mus.<br />
(To be continued.)
Sf<br />
SHORT NOTE.<br />
Wilts Plants.—The following are the additions to the Flora of<br />
Wilts, of which notice has been sent to me during the past year.<br />
Workers are few, so the list must be considered fair. Mr. E. J.<br />
Tatum at Salisbury, Eev. W. Moyle Rogers and Mr. W. A. Clarke at<br />
Chippenham, have been the chief workers. The liuhi and /?o«« are on<br />
the authority of Mr. Rogers. The numbers before the localities refer<br />
to the districts of Wilts : Thalictrum Jiavum b. ripurixun Jord.; 10,<br />
Harnham, Tatum.<br />
bury, Tatum. C.<br />
Cerastium tctrandrum Curt. ; 7, Old Castle, Salis-<br />
i/lomeratum. b. apctalum Dum. ; 4, Savernake,<br />
Rogers. Stellaria umhrosa Opiz ; 2, Ditches near ' The Old Horse<br />
and Jockey,' Rogers', Trifolium striatum h. erectum Lightf. ; 10,<br />
Whaddon, Tatum. Rubus mucronatus Blox. ; S. Dinton, Tatum.<br />
R. calvatus Blox. ; 2, Near Langley Fitsurse, Rogers d Clarke. R.<br />
pyramidalis Kalt. ; 5, Grinstead, Tatum. R. carpini/ulius W. & N.<br />
5, Landford, Tatum. R. sglvaticus W. & N. ; Landford, Tatum. R.<br />
Bloxamii Lees ; 10, Downtou, Rogers d Tatum. R. anglosa.vonicus<br />
Gelert ; 9, Compton, Tatum. Rosa tomentosa f. syhestris Lindl. ; 4,<br />
Near Marlborough (N. H. S. Report, 1888). 7t. canina var. latebrosa<br />
Desegl. ; 4, Forest Hill, Marlborough, F. A. Rogers. R. aspernata<br />
Desegl. ; 2, Bowood, Clarke; Box, Rogers; 3, Broad Hiuton, F. A.<br />
Rogers; 4, Marlborough, F. A. Rogers. Sedum Telcphium b. Faba?ia<br />
Koch; 10, Alderbury, Tatum. Epilubium j^arvijlorum. \a,r. aprica<br />
4, Savernake, Marshall (Journ. Bot. 1889, p. 143). Leontodon<br />
Jiispidus \Sii'. hastilis ; 2, Near Corsham, Rogers d Clarke. Sonchus<br />
arvensis b. glabra; 2, Chippenham, Clark. Erythrcea pulchella Fr. ;<br />
2, Near Corsham, Rogers & Clarke (only new for N. Wilts). Polygonum<br />
Convolvulus b. pseudo-dumetorum Wats. ; 6, Winterbourne,<br />
Tatum, Bromiis madritensis Linn. ; 7, Specimen from " Sarum,"<br />
in the Herb. Salisb., Tatum. Aster Xovi-Belgii is naturalized at 10,<br />
Netherampton, Tatum; and Quidhampton, Dartnell. — T. A.<br />
Preston.<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
La Biologie Vcgetale. Par Paul Vuillemin. Pp. 378 ; 82 figs.<br />
Price 3/r. 50 c. Paris : Bailliere et fils.<br />
There is no book in the English language with which this one<br />
may be compared as regards its scope and the treatment of its<br />
subject. The translation of Sachs' ' ' Lectures gives us most of the<br />
information, and a great deal more after another fashion— so much<br />
more that m spite of its clearness, those "cultivated readers" to<br />
whom (with botanists) it is addressed are apt to find it a little<br />
unwieldy. It is not by any means intended to regard the<br />
* ' Lectures with other than grateful feelings, and the criticism is<br />
excited solely by the appearance of this interesting volume by<br />
M. Vuillemin, in which there is rendered an account of those<br />
phenomena of plant life called biological, within small compass, at<br />
a small price, and in language which gains admirable directness and
t^ La Bl'oLOGIE V^GETALE.<br />
lucidity from a strict avoidance of those hard terras in which<br />
physiologists—especially German ones— wallow. It goes farther in<br />
making no very exhaustive demands on knowledge of other sciences<br />
to enable the reader to keep pace with the author. It shows us, in<br />
fact, that the life of plants, so far as it is understood, is essentially<br />
a simple affair ; that what we know of it may be told, in outline at<br />
all events, in plain language, and with no recondite references. One<br />
can conceive that this is calculated to bring the study into contempt<br />
in some quarters, but no doubt that will be survived. That which<br />
is abstruse in the study, and difficult in the extreme, calling for the<br />
highest efforts of the human mind, is the prosecution of the inquiry<br />
and the winning of accurate results. The two things have been too<br />
long confounded. M. Vuillemin has happily recognised this, and<br />
he does not forget it. His book is a French one in more than one<br />
sense. There is a prominence in it of French methods of treatment,<br />
and probably this is as it should be—at the worst it is not so<br />
exclusively national in its treatment as many German books of<br />
the kind.<br />
The introductory chapter is perhaps not equal to the remainder<br />
of the book in point of simplicity. The first chapter deals with<br />
the cell, and the second continues the subject. Chapter III. deals<br />
with the bodies of plants, the formation of tissues, and the combinations<br />
of these as exhibited in cellular and vascular plants. Chapter<br />
IV. is devoted to functions, and is introductory to what follows.<br />
The fifth chapter treats of fixation, support, and protection. Chapter<br />
VI. (misprinted IV.) is a long one, and it deals with absorption in<br />
perhaps somewhat too great detail, considering the balance of the<br />
book. The subject is tedious, and the author occasionally succumbs<br />
to it. Moreover, he takes absorption in a very comprehensive<br />
sense, and perhaps it would have been better to break up this<br />
chapter, and give its contents under several headings. Strangely<br />
enough, some of the most interesting and forcible passages in the<br />
book are embedded in this chapter. Excretion is used in a similarly<br />
comprehensive sense as the title of the next chapter—the giving off<br />
of gases and liquids, &c., being here dealt with alongside of much<br />
else. The eighth chapter is devoted to respiration, and the ninth<br />
has the inclusive title " transformations internes," and it keeps its<br />
promise ! Chapter X. deals with the specially vital functions,<br />
while the last two (XI. and XII.) treat of the social life of plants,<br />
the former of the relations— social and sexual—between individuals<br />
of the same species, and the latter of the relations between different<br />
species, finishing with very interesting sections on parasitism and<br />
symbiosis.<br />
There only remains the duty of mentioning that the book is<br />
well-printed and of handy form. The woodcuts are bad, so bad that<br />
they often fail to illustrate the author's meaning, and there is no<br />
index. The tdble des maticres is a mere list of chapter headings.<br />
However, one would not thus ungraciously part with so excellent a<br />
book. The author has earned for it a high degree of success by his<br />
efforts to write attractively and accurately on a subject which often<br />
wears a forbidding aspect. G. M.
SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS. 59<br />
Science and Scientists; some papers on Natiiral History. By tbe Rev.<br />
John Gerard, S.J. 8vo, pp. vii. 130. Catholic Truth Society,<br />
21, Westmiuster Bridge Eoad, Loudon. Is.<br />
The papers forming this charming little volume are written by<br />
an enthusiastic lover of natural history studies, who, not satisfied<br />
with taking on trust the statements of book-writers, has gone into<br />
the fields, lanes, and woods, and patiently sought from Nature<br />
herself the information he desired. The evidence thus obtained,<br />
he very ably shows, is against rather tlian in favour of the theories of<br />
extreme evolutionists. The papers are pleasantly written, and give<br />
evidence not only of abundant knowledge of scientific literature,<br />
but also of close and attentive study of natural objects.<br />
In the first paper, " Grant Allen's Botanical Fables," the<br />
various works of that versatile writer, such as ' The Evolutionist at<br />
Large,' 'Vignettes from Nature,' 'Flowers and their Pedigrees,'<br />
and ' Nature Studies,' are very ably criticized, and their weak points<br />
exposed in a pleasant and interesting manner. The second paper,<br />
" Who Painted the Flowers?," is devoted partly to a discussion of<br />
Mr. Grant Allen's ' Colours of Flowers,' but more especially to a<br />
criticism of Sir John Lubbock's interesting book, ' British Wild<br />
Flowers in their relation to Insects.' Sir John states that to bees "we<br />
owe the beauty of our gardens, the sweetness of our fields. To them<br />
flowers are indebted for their scent and colour ; nay, for their very<br />
existence, in its present form." This extreme statement Mr. Gerard<br />
ably combats, bringing from Nature a number of examples which<br />
disprove it. Whilst acknowledging that plants are benefited by the<br />
visits of insects, he denies that they are the sole cause of the beauty<br />
and perfume of our wayside weeds.<br />
In concluding this thoughtful essay, he says :— " Briefly to<br />
recapitulate. It is maintained on the one hand that all the beauty<br />
of flowers can be explained on Darwinian principles, as being of<br />
advantage to them in the struggle for existence by attracting the<br />
visits of honey-seeking insects, which assist the process of fertilization.<br />
It appears on the other hand, however, that there are many<br />
difiiculties in the way of such a theory to be found by ordinary<br />
observation in the fields around us. The problem of beauty of<br />
form remains untouched by such an explanation. There are conspicuous<br />
and highly-coloured flowers which contain no honey, and<br />
others which produce no seed ;<br />
whilst some of the least noticeable<br />
of blossoms arc richest in honey, and the greatest favourites of<br />
bees. Some of the most successful tribes of plants do without<br />
insect-agency, and prosper better than those which employ it most,<br />
and some which largely employ it, never being fertilized, obtain no<br />
benefit in return. Plants of the same genus may difl'cr absolutely<br />
in their attitude as to insects, and yet their development be so Httle<br />
affected that they bear their affinity to one another stamped upon<br />
every feature, and no diversity of insect- workers can alter any one<br />
minutest character in individuals of one species. In view of all<br />
this, is it scientific to flatter ourselves that we have probed tlio<br />
whole mystery to the bottom, and to lay down that to insects alone
60 ATLAS DEUTSOHER MEERESALGEN.<br />
do we owe the beauty of our gardens, and the sweetness of our<br />
fields?" (p. 43).<br />
The next paper, " Some Wayside Problems," treats of climbing<br />
plants, the sleep of plants, and other phenomena of plant-life.<br />
This is followed by three papers bearing more especially on zoological<br />
subjects. Mr. Gerard is to be congratulated on having produced a<br />
book pleasantly written, free from dogmatism, well sustained and<br />
full of interest, and one that will be read with pleasure and approval<br />
not only by those students of Nature who, whilst they accept with<br />
gratitude much of the teaching of modern times, naturally shrink<br />
from the extreme views of some of the more recent exponents of<br />
Darwinism, but also by all who like to hear both sides of a question.<br />
The book is well printed and neatly bound, and should command a<br />
large sale. J. E. Bagnall.<br />
Atl((s deutscher Meeresalgen. By Dr. J. Reinke. Erstes Heft,<br />
fol., pp. 34; 25 plates. Paul Parey, Berlin. 1889.<br />
This fine work, of which the first number is before us, is<br />
published by the Commission appointed by the Prussian government<br />
for the scientific investigation of the German seas, in the<br />
interests of the fisheries. The practical importance of the marine<br />
flora as the direct or indirect source of the food of all fishes is<br />
dwelt upon in the preface, and is indeed sufficiently obvious. It<br />
is a matter for congratulation that the algological investigations<br />
have been entrusted to the able hands of Dr. Eeinke, who is<br />
evidently carrying them out with complete efficiency.<br />
In this Atlas it is proposed to publish figures and descriptions<br />
of all such German sea-weeds as have not been satisfactorily<br />
figured before. The standard of the publication is extremely high<br />
in the matter of illustration, for the works of Bornet and Thuret<br />
are cited in the preface as the model of what algological figures<br />
ought to be. In the 25 plates contained in part 1, this high<br />
standard is worthily maintained. The draughtsmen are Dr. F.<br />
Schiitt and Herr. P. Kuckuck, both of whom are Algologists as<br />
well as artists. It is proposed to publish 100 plates altogether,<br />
but the continuation of the work is dependent on the reception<br />
which it meets with at the hands of botanists. We cannot doubt<br />
that their verdict will be a very favourable one. The descriptions<br />
and plates are not at present arranged in any systematic<br />
order, though Phseophycese, Rhodophycese, and Chlorophycese<br />
are kept distinct. Of course a systematic re-arrangement can<br />
easily be made when the work is complete.<br />
In order to understand the Atlas, and especially to learn the<br />
systematic position assigned by the author to his numerous new<br />
genera, it is essential to refer to another work of Dr. Eeinke's,<br />
published by the same Commission, his ' Algenflora der westlichen<br />
OsLsee deutschen Antheils.' Here the more general questions of<br />
Algology are discussed, and a fuller account given of those forms of<br />
which the atlas only supplies the generic and specific diagnosis.<br />
In this first part 30 species or varieties are figured and<br />
described, 24 of which belong to the Phfeophycese, a sub-class on
ATLAS DEUTSCHER MEERESALGEN. 61<br />
which Dr. Keinke is known to be a special authority. As a rule<br />
every species is illustrated by a life-size drawing, and by a series<br />
of microscopic figures, under various powers, showing every part<br />
of the structure, and, so far as is possible, all stages of development.<br />
The figures are remarkable for their minute accuracy,<br />
and it will be noticed that special attention is paid to the form<br />
and distribution of the chromatophores. An English botanist on<br />
looking at these plates may well feel envious, and wish that our own<br />
far richer algal flora could be illustrated in the same thoroughly<br />
scientific manner. Let us trust that this wish will eventually<br />
bring about its own realization.<br />
We will notice a few of the more important forms specially.<br />
Halothrix is a new genus founded by Dr. Reinke, for the species<br />
H. lumbricalis (pi. 1), placed by Kiitzing in Ectocarpus, and transferred<br />
by Hauck to Elachista. The genus comes very near<br />
Giraudia, but the upright assimilating filaments are usually<br />
monosiphonous. Only plurilocular sporangia are known, which<br />
are developed in sori on the upper parts of these filaments. The<br />
central portion of the mother-cell of each sorus divides up to a<br />
certain extent, but remains sterile.<br />
The next genus, Symphoricoccus, is founded on a species S. radians,<br />
discovered by Dr. Eeinke. It is closely related to Elachista, but<br />
differs from that genus in the fact that the unilocular sporangia<br />
(here the only kind known) occur on the upper part, as well as at<br />
the base of the assimilating filaments. It is interesting to note<br />
that here a small cell is cut off at the base of each sporangium; this<br />
cell grows out into the cavity of the old sporangium when it is<br />
empty, forming a new one to rej^lace it. Much the same process<br />
has long been known to occur in Cladostephus.<br />
Kjellmannia Eke. is an interesting genus placed by its author in<br />
the group Punctarieas. The branched polysiphonous thallus bears<br />
short monosiphonous branches. There are two kinds of sporangia,<br />
both plurilocular, one kind intercalary, the other in -sori. Like its<br />
near relations this genus has no definite growing point, the<br />
intercalary growth going on indiscriminately in all regions.<br />
Passing over some forms of Asperococcus and Ralfsia, of less<br />
general interest, we come to Microspongium gelatinosum Rke.<br />
(Pis. 7 and 8.) This is the type of a new genus of MyrionemeaB,<br />
coming next to Asconjclus Magn. There is a basal disc, two cells<br />
thick, with marginal growth. From this arise vertical hairs and<br />
assimilating filaments. The latter have a chiefly apical growth,<br />
a fact which shows how little importance can be attached to this<br />
character among the Phoeosporea). Plurilocular and uuilocuhir<br />
sporangia are formed on distinct plants, but it is not absolutely<br />
certain that these forms are specifically identical.<br />
In plates 9 and 10, three varieties of Lcplonema fasciculatmn.<br />
Rke. are figured. Leptonenm is a new Elachistcous genus, placed next<br />
Halothrix. Fiom a creeping protoncma arise assimilating filaments<br />
only branched at the base. Growth is intercalary and<br />
basipctal as in the group generally. Botli kinds of sporangia<br />
occur. The unilocular sporangia arise laterally, close to the base
62 ATLAS DEUTSCHKR MEERESALGEN.<br />
of the vertical filaments, while the plurilocular are formed higher<br />
up on the same filaments, by the transverse elongation and<br />
septation of certain of their cells.<br />
Three plates are devoted to Desmotrichum Kiitz. One species,<br />
D. scopulorum, is new.<br />
The specific value of the form Scytosiphon pygnicBus Kke. (plate<br />
14), seems to be doubtful.<br />
Ascocydus Magn. is a genus connecting Ectocarpus vfith. Myrionema,<br />
and its species have hitherto been placed in one or other of the<br />
latter genera. This genus, though founded so long ago as 1874,<br />
is not given among the synonyms in Hauck. Five species ai'e here<br />
described and figured, of which two are new.<br />
Of Ectocarims, four species are given, one of which, E. repens<br />
Eke., is new, and connects this genus with Ascocydus. It should<br />
be mentioned that Dr. Keinke defines Ectocarpus, so as to include<br />
both Strebloneina Derb. et Sol., and Pilayella, Bory.<br />
As regards the Phaeospore* generally, the author after separating<br />
the Cutleriacefe, Tilopteridese, and Laminariacete, unites all the<br />
rest into a single family the Ectocarpaceae, which group themselves<br />
about the genus Ectocarpus. He has found it impossible to break<br />
up this great family without resorting to minute and artificial<br />
divisions. The Ectocarpaceae are, it is true, arranged in groups<br />
for convenience, but these groups merge into one another. On<br />
page 87 of the ' Algenflora ' a scheme of the relationships of the<br />
various Ectocarpaceous genera is given.<br />
Of the Florideae only two are figured in this part. Rhodochorton<br />
chantransioides Eke. is a new species, remarkable for its very long,<br />
spiral chromatophores. A Baltic form of Antithamnion horeale,<br />
Gobi, is also included.<br />
There are one or two points of interest among the few Chlorophyceae<br />
given. BUistophysa rhizopus Eke. is a very curious plant,<br />
bearing a certain general resemblance to some stages of Butrydium,<br />
but not known for certain to form zoospores. Its reproduction, so<br />
far as is known, is by vegetative division simply.<br />
Cladophora pygmaa Eke. is a new, and apparently insignificant<br />
species of that enormous genus.<br />
Epidadia Fliistrce Eke. is the type of a new confervaceous genus,<br />
possibly not distinct from Entodadia, already established by the<br />
author. It consists of much branched filaments, adherent to the<br />
surface of the Flustra, and cohering to form a pseudoparenchymatous<br />
disc. The reproduction is by zoospores formed in abundance<br />
in each cell. It will be remembered that Entodadia Eke.<br />
grows in the thickness of the cell-wall of various Algae.<br />
Prhif/sheiwia scntata Eke. represents a new genus, doubtfully<br />
referred to the UlvaceaB, with which it seems to have very little<br />
in common. In habit it resembles a Coleochaete, but has no bristles.<br />
It is epiphytic on various Algae and has a marginal growth, its cells<br />
branching, and then dividing. Eeproduction is of two kinds.<br />
1. Asexual. Here a few biciliate niacrozoospores are formed in<br />
each of the more central cells of the thallus. They escape by a<br />
crevice in the cell-wall. 2, Sexual. Here a larger number of
AKTICLES IN JOURNALS. 63<br />
motile cells, also biciliate, are formed, which escape by solution of<br />
the cell-wall. They swim towards the light, and conjugate in<br />
pairs. The germination of the zygospore is unknown, and it is<br />
not absolutely proved that the sexual and asexual forms belong to<br />
the same plant. It seems very likely, as Dr. Reinke suggests, that<br />
this curious plant is really co-generic with the Ch(xtopeltis<br />
described by Mobius in the Berichte d. deutschen bot. Gesellschaft,<br />
1888, p. 242,<br />
We shall look forward with great interest to the continuation<br />
of this beautiful work, which does equal credit to the author, the<br />
artists, and the enlightened government department which is<br />
presiding over its publication. D. H. Scott.<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
Bot. Centralhlatt. (Nos. 1-4).—J. Freyn, ' Zur Kenntniss einiger<br />
Arten der Gattung Ranunculus.'<br />
Bot. Gazette (Nov. 29). — R. Thaxter, 'A New American Phytopthora<br />
' (P. Phaseoli, sp. n.). — J. M. Coulter & J. N. Rose, ' N.<br />
American Umbellifers' {Taniopleurum, gen.nov. = Carum Howellii).<br />
—F. D. Kelsey, 'Montana Eri/siphets.'— (Dec. 26). C. Robertson,<br />
' Flowers and Insects.' — H. A. Evans, ' Relation of Flora to<br />
Geological Formations in Lincoln County, Kentucky.'<br />
Bot. Zeitung (Nos. 1-4), — E. Zacharias, * Ueber die Zellen der<br />
Cyanophyceen ' (1 plate).<br />
Gardeners Chronicle (Jan. 4). Aerides Augustianum Rolfe, u. sp.<br />
— (Jan. 11). G. Henslow, ' Hybrid Rhododendrons.' — (Jan. 18).<br />
W. B. Hemsley, Solanum macranthum (fig. 13).— (Jan. 25). ' The<br />
Weather Plant ' (Abrus precatorius).<br />
Journ. Linn. Sac. (xxv. 172 : Jan. 28).— J. G. Baker, ' Further<br />
Contributions to Flora of Madagascar ' [Anisopoda (Umbelliferae<br />
AmmiueaB) Brachyacheidum (Compositfe Mutisieae), genu, now. :<br />
2 plates).—W, B, Hemsley, ' Report on collections from Christmas<br />
Island, Indian Ocean ' [Hoya AUlrichii Hemsl., DicUptcra Maclearii<br />
Hemsl,, Phreatia Listeri Rolfe, Asplenium centrifugale Baker, Acrostichuui<br />
Listeri Baker, spp. nn.) — S, le M, Moore, ' Apiocystis a<br />
'<br />
Volvocinea (2 plates).— D, Morris, ' Erythroxylon Coca.'—P. Mac-<br />
Owan, ' New Cape Plants.' — J. C. Costerus, ' Malformations in<br />
Fuchsia glubusa' (4 plates).— A. Lister, 'Ingestion of Food-material<br />
by Bwarm-cells of Mycetozoa.'<br />
Notarisia (Oct. 1889). — J. Deby, 'Bibliographic rccente des<br />
Diatomees.*—D. Levi-Morenos, ' Eleudii di Diatomee rinvcnute nel<br />
tubo digerente d'animali acquatici.'<br />
Xuovo Giornale Bot. Ital. (Jan. 7). — C. Massalongo, ' Note<br />
tcratologische.' — A. Goiran, ' Notizie Vcronesi di botanica archco-<br />
logica.' — Id., ' Sopra Acahjpha rin/inicd considerata in ordine alia<br />
diifusione nel Veronese.'—L. Macchiati, Lyngbya Borziana, sp. u.<br />
Id., ' SuUe sostanzo coloranti dalle gemma fogliforo del Aesculus<br />
Uippocastantnii.'—G. Pas.serini, ' Sopra alcuno I'howa.'— A. Jatta,<br />
* Lichcui Patagonici.'—G. Arcaugoli, ' Sui prouubi del J'racunculus
64 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
vulgaris.''—Id., ' Sull' allungamento dei piccioli nella foglie di Euryale<br />
ferox."—P. Baccarini, ' Note patologicbe.'—Gr, Cicioni, ' Sopra alcune<br />
specie trovate in quest' anno nell' Umbria.'—Id., ' Sopra una mon-<br />
strosita del Polygonum dumetorum.' — D. Levi-Morenos, ' Sulla distribuzione<br />
peristomatica dell' autocianina in alcuni Sediun.' — G.<br />
Cuboni, 'Anomalie fiorali del Colchicum.' — A. Bertoloni, 'Sull'<br />
origine dello studio dei semplici in Italia.' — U. Martelli, ' Sull'<br />
Arum pictum e suoi pronubi.' — L. Micbeletti, ' Sulla Rudheckia che<br />
cresce lungo I'Olona.' — R. Pirolta, ' Sulla presenza in Lombardia<br />
della Commelina communis.'' — P. Baccarini, ' Sullo sviluppo dei<br />
picnidii.'<br />
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (Jan.).—A. Kerner, ' Die Bedeutung der<br />
Dicbogamie.'—J. Freyn, 'Plantte Karoanae.'—A. v. Degen, Aspenila<br />
Hercegovina & A. pilosa, spp. nn.—J. A. Baumler, ' Mycologiscbe<br />
Notizen.'<br />
Scottish Naturalist (Jan.)—Mrs. Farqubarson, ' Ferns and Mosses<br />
of Alford District.' — J. Roy, Sciadium Arhuscula in Britain. — Id.,<br />
' Desmids of Alford District.' — "W. Wilson, ' Growtb of Fhalaris<br />
orundlnacea.'' — W. H. Beeby, ' On tbe Flora of Shetland.' — J.<br />
Stirton, Scottisli species of Grimmia [G. Horni, G. platyphylla,<br />
spp. nn.).—J. W. H. Trail & W. Phillips, ' Scottish DisoomyceteB.'<br />
—J. W. H. Trail, 'Fungi records for Clyde.'<br />
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
December 19, 1889. — Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., Vice-President,<br />
in tbe chair. — Messrs. S. A. Moore and J. J. Walker, R.N., were<br />
admitted, and Messrs. C. Curtis and P. Groom were elected Fellows<br />
of tbe Society. — A paper was read by Mr. T. Johnson on Dicty-<br />
opteris, in which he gave an elaborate account of the life-history of<br />
this brown sea-weed, with remarks on the systematic position of<br />
the DictyotacecB. Dr. Scott, Mr. George Murray, and Mr. A. W.<br />
Bennett criticized various portions of the paper, and acknowledged<br />
the important scientific bearing of the facts which had been brought<br />
out by Mr. Johnson's careful and minute researches.<br />
January 16, 1890.—Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., Vice-President, in<br />
the chair. — Mr. S. Lithgow was elected, and the following were<br />
admitted Fellows of tbe Society : Messrs. C. W. Turner, J. T.<br />
Tristram Valentine, William Rome, and Major A. R. Dorward.<br />
Mr. Clement Reid exhibited and made some remarks upon a collection<br />
of fruit of TrajHi nutans from the Cromer Forest Bed at<br />
Mundesley. — Mr. J. G. Baker exhibited and described a collection<br />
of cryptogamic plants from New Guinea, upon which Mr. A. W.<br />
Bennett and Capt. Elwes made some critical remarks. — In the<br />
absence of the author, Mr. A. Barclay, a paper was read by Mr.<br />
B. D. Jackson, "On the Life-history of a remarkable Uredine on<br />
Jasminum grainUflorum." A discussion followed, in which Mr. A. W.<br />
Bennett and Prof. Marshall Ward took part.
M.&H. Groves djel.<br />
R.MargoLn litli.<br />
fi k<br />
M'«.:.vMlmm .1<br />
Nitelia HordsteoLtiana/, Groves.<br />
Tau'b.296.<br />
Weet,lfev7iii£i:n amp
05<br />
NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHARACEJE FOR 1887-9.<br />
By Henry and James Groves.<br />
(Plate 296.)<br />
Of the three years which have elapsed since the publication of<br />
our last instalment of ' Notes,' 1887 and 1888 were comparatively<br />
unproductive of additions to our knowledge of the British Chara<br />
Flora. During 1889, on the other hand, one new species has been<br />
added to our list, and we have received specimens representing<br />
important extensions of the known distribution of several of the<br />
rarer species.<br />
In our 'Notes' for 1883 we gave a list of the 48 Watsonian<br />
counties from which we had not seen specimens of any of the<br />
species. This list is now reduced to 22, riz.:—Gloster E., Monmouth,<br />
Denbigh, Flint, Ayr, Linlithgow, Aberdeen N., Banff,<br />
Cantire, Ebudes ]M. & S., Cork S., TipperaryN., Kilkenny, Carlow,<br />
Queen's Co., Wexford, Kildare, King's Co., Longford, Monaghan<br />
and Tyrone. The most neglected districts at the present time<br />
are:—1. That around the Bristol Channel and almost the whole of<br />
Wales, Carnarvon and Anglesea being excepted. 2. A band across<br />
the south of Scotland from Ayr to Berwick. 3. North Aberdeen<br />
and Biinff, 4. The Islands from ]\Iull to Cantire. 5. A large tract of<br />
the interior of Ireland reaching almost from tlie north to the south.<br />
Through the kindness of ^Ir. F. J. Hanbmy, we have been<br />
enabled to examine the specimens of British Charas in the herbarium<br />
of the late Dr. Boswell, the most interesting result being the finding<br />
of a specimen of Nitella mxicronata from Hants N. We take this<br />
opportunity of thanking our correspondents for the specimens they<br />
have sent us.<br />
Chara fragilis, Vesv. — Devon N., 1864, W. P. Hum, herh,<br />
BosiccU ; Worcester, 1889, E. /''. Towmlroiv ; Brecon, 1885, J. Fraser,<br />
comm. A. Bennett; Carnarvon, 1885, J. E. Griffith, comm. J. Ikmnctt;<br />
Haddington, 1867, J. 1>. Si/nn', herb. Boswell; Ebudes N.,<br />
1883, JI. N. Dixon, comm. J. Sounders; Ross E., 1889, 11. T.<br />
Mcnnell, comm. A. Bennett; Hebrides (S. Uist), 1888, A. Sonierville,<br />
comm. A. Bennett; Down, 1887, S. A. Stewart.<br />
\iii\ Imrhdtn. — Kirkcudbright, J. McAndrew ; Ross E., 1889,<br />
//. T. Mcnnell, coram. A. Bennett; Orkney, 1888, J. W. H. Trail,<br />
comm. A. Bennett; Channel I. (Guernsey), 1889, E. D. Manjuand.<br />
xfiv. capillacea. — Stirling, 1884, R. Kidston : Kerry S., 1887,<br />
7j. SchIIi/.<br />
var. //«/uj///«t. — Norfolk E., 1885, E. F. d- II'. II. Linton:<br />
Northampton, 1889, //. S. Dixon, comm. ./. Saunders.<br />
var. delicatula.—Perth W., 1888, Jl. Kidston.<br />
C. coNNiVKNS, Brnun. — Norfolk E., Heigham Sound. 18H9, ./.<br />
Bidi/ood. An important extension of the British distribuiion of this<br />
species, which had hitherto only been collected in Devon S. and<br />
Hants S.<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [March, 1890.] f
66 NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHARACE.E FOR 1887-9.<br />
C. ASPEKA, TFiW.— Suffolk E., Kessingland, 1886, W. M. Hind,<br />
comm. A. Bennett; Perth W., Lake of Monteith, 1884, li. Kidston\;<br />
Hebrides, South Uist, 1888, A. Somerville, comm. A. Bennett;<br />
Kerry S., Killarney, 1887, R. Scull i/ ; Channel I., Guernsey, 1889,<br />
E. D. Marquand.<br />
var. cajnilata.—Dublin, near Blanchardstown, 1889, Fi. Scidh/.<br />
var. subinermis.—A more legibly labelled specimen in the Boswell<br />
herbarium has enabled us to identify the locality given in our<br />
'Keview' as " Hut Pond, Hants," with Fleet Pond, N. Hants.<br />
C. POLYACANTHA, Brciuii. — Wigtou, I. of Whithom, 1889, J.<br />
Mcxindrew, comm. A. Bennett.<br />
C. BALTiCA, Bruzel. — We have received from Mr. Marquand a<br />
specimen collected at Grande Mare, Guernsey, in 1889, which appears<br />
to be best placed here, but is not altogether satisfactory,<br />
C. coNTRAiiiA, Kuctz. — Fife, Kinghorn Loch, 1873, J. B. Sijme,<br />
herb. Boswell; Kerry S., Caragh, 1888, R. W. Sailli/.<br />
var. hifipidula. — Berks, Wytham, 1887, G. C. Druce ; Fife,<br />
L. Gilly, 1868, J. B. Sijwe, herb. Boswell.<br />
C. HispiDA, L. — Cornwall W., 1885, 0. Nordstedt ; Dorset,<br />
1872, S. j\[. Payne, herb. Boswell: Cumberland, E. Hodgson, herb.<br />
A. Bennett; Hebrides (S. Uist), 1888, A. Somerville, comm. A.<br />
Bennett; Kerry S., 1888, R. Sculhj.<br />
var. rudis.—Haddington, Guillen Ponds, 1850, -7. B. Sijwe, herb.<br />
Boswell; Dublin, near Lucan, 1889, R. W. Sculhj; Down, Loagh-<br />
inisland, 1887, *S'. A. Steivart.<br />
C. VULGARIS, L. — Devon, S., 1888, H. G.; Wilts S., 1889,<br />
E. J. Tatiun ; Worcester, 1889, R. F. Towndrow ; Cheviotland<br />
(Holy I.), 1889, H. Mastennan; Kirkcudbright, J. McAndrew<br />
Perth W. (Clackmannan), 1838, herb. Boswell; Hebrides (Harris),<br />
1889, W. S. Duncan, comm. A. Bennett; Kerry S. 1858, R. Sculhj;<br />
Down, 1887, -S'. A. Stewart.<br />
var. lontjibracteata.—Berks, 1887, G. C. Druce ; Lanes. N., 1874,<br />
E. F. Linton, herb. Boswell; Orkney, 1875, J. T. Boswell, herb.<br />
Boswell; Kerry N., 1888, R. W. Sculhj.<br />
var. papillata. — Sussex W., 1873, J. L. Warren, herb. Boswell;<br />
Kerry S., 1889, R. W. Scully.<br />
Lamprothamnus alopecueoides, Braun. — Dorset, The Fleet,<br />
near Langton Herring, 1887, W. Boivles Barrett. An interesting<br />
discovery, especially now that the plant seems to have disappeared<br />
from the only other British station, Newtown, I. of Wight.<br />
Tolypella glomerata, Leonh. — Herts, Old Wellbury, 1888,<br />
j. Saunders.<br />
T. prolifera, Deonh.—Northampton, Piockingham, 1887, T. B.<br />
Blow.<br />
Nitella Nordstedtiana, nobis.<br />
(Jhara batrac/iosprniia, Ecich. Flor. Germ. Exc. (1830-3), p. 148;<br />
Icon. Bot. (1830), p. 36, t. 794 (ex parte), (nou Weiss).<br />
C. temmsima, Reich. Icon. But. t. 791, (ex parte) (non Desv.).<br />
C. tjlomcrata, Reich. Mocssl. Handb. (1834), p. 1603 ?
XOTES ON TIIK BRITISH CHARACE.T: FOR 1887-9. 67<br />
C. temdssima var. hatrachosperma, Rabeiili., Fl. Lusat. ii. p. IGG<br />
{fide Braun).<br />
C. U'Huu'tdma vars. hfitrachosperma & ramulosa, Gant. Oesterr.<br />
Char. (1847), p. 10.<br />
N, tenidssima var. batracJiosperma, Kuetz. Plivc. Germ. (1845),<br />
p. 256; Rab. Deutscli. Krypt. Flor. (1847), p. 196.<br />
N. hatrachosperma, Braun, Scliweiz. Char. (1847), p. 10, nomen<br />
(non Agardh) ; Consp. Char. Europ. p. 2 ; Krypt. Flor. Schles.<br />
p. 400 ; Fragmente Monog. Char. p. m t. 5, f. 1<strong>31</strong>-2 ; Kuetz. Sp.<br />
Alg. (1849), p. 515; Tab. Phyc. vii. (1857), t. 35, f. 1; Nordst.<br />
Skand. Char, in Bot. Not. 1803, p. 36; Wahlst. Sver. & Norg.<br />
Char. (1875), p. 20 ; Sydow, Europ. Char. (1882), p. 30; Migula<br />
in Eab. Krypt. Flor. Deutsch. sect. 5 (1890), p. 184, f. 52-4.<br />
Exsiccata:—x\reschoug, 150. Braun, R. & S. 78. Fries, Hb.<br />
Norm. xvi. 100. Nordst. & Wahlst. 42. Rab. Alg. Sachs., 220 :=<br />
{fide Nordst.).<br />
Plant usually minute. Stem about •15-*2 mm. thick. Internodes<br />
from once to twice the length of the branchlets. Branchlets<br />
usually 8 in a whorl, mostly twice divided, sometimes in the sterile<br />
whorls only once divided, and rarely in the fertile whorls one of the<br />
tertiary rays again divided. Rays of the first forking 4-5 ; 2-3<br />
again divided into 3-5 rays, the remainder usually simple. Tertiary<br />
rays usually about half the total length of the branchlets, 2-celled,<br />
the ultimate cell -OoS-'ll mm. long, •018--025 mm. thick at the<br />
base, tapering to a sharp point. Fruit solitary, usually at the first<br />
and rarely at the second forkings broadly ovoid, about '43 mm.<br />
long, '29 mm. thick, coronula small. Oospore '23- -25 mm. long,<br />
•21--22 mm. thick, slightly flattened when ripe, showing 7 strije,<br />
side walls of the envelo2:)ing-cells becoming thickened, and remaining,<br />
when the outer wall has decayed, standing out as wing-like<br />
ridges on the oospore. Antheridia at the same nodes as the fruit.<br />
Monoecious.<br />
N. Nurdsteddana is one of the smallest species of the genus. It<br />
is allied to N. tenidssimo, from which it may be distinguished by its<br />
oospore having prominent wing-like ridges, and irregularly minutely<br />
warty surface, which is shrivelled in appearance; by its fruiting at<br />
the first forking of the branchlets, which is very exceptional in .V.<br />
teiiids-siiiia ; by the less rigid habit ; by the more sharply-pointed<br />
end-cells of the branchlets ; and usually by the proportionately<br />
shorter intcrnodes.<br />
The distribution of the species as recorded by Braun & Nordstedt<br />
is :—Finland, Sweden, Germany, France, Spain and Italy,<br />
also North America (Massachusetts), and Australia. It was discovered<br />
in Britain by Mr. W. S. Duncan, in July, 1888, in a loch<br />
near Obbe, in the Isle of Harris, Outer Hebrides, aud was foi-warded<br />
to us by Mr. Arthur Bennett. The British plant is a small form<br />
from 1-2 inches high. Dr. Migula, in the recently-published edition<br />
of Rabenhorst's Krypt. Flor. Deutsch., describes four forms under<br />
* The specimen in the British Museum is too bad to admit of idontificalion<br />
without soaking out, so we liavc followed Nordstcdt in (juotiny it.<br />
y 2
68 NOTES ON THE BRITISH CHARACE.E FOR 1887-9.<br />
the name of X. hatracliosperma :—Forma typica, 4l-& cm. \\\g\.\,i\\e<br />
plant from near Berlin with very dense whorls, the upper being<br />
closely aggregated; /. maxima, a plant from Mannheim, 15 cm.<br />
high, which is described as resembling a large lax form of N.<br />
temdssima ; f. fallax, 8 cm. high, a lax plant almost resembling<br />
N. fjracilis ; f. minor, from Baden, which is much like our form<br />
and that from Sweden. The species is placed by Braun among the<br />
'' Glceocarpa," but in our form the presence of any gelatinous<br />
covering to the fruit is sometimes very doubtful. Dr. Nordstedt,<br />
when identifying our plant with the Scandinavian N. hatrachospcrma,<br />
suggests a doubt as to the correctness<br />
one of the " Glceocarpce."<br />
of regarding the species as<br />
The name N. hatracliosperma is generally adopted for this species,<br />
but it is quite untenable. Xitella batracliosperma was described by<br />
Agardh in 1824 (Syst. Alg. p. 126) when he founded the genus,<br />
quoting the synonym " C. batrachosperma, Dec, Thuill." Thuillier's<br />
jjlant has since been identified by Braun as a form of his Charn<br />
fcetida [C. vulfjaris), and, whatever plant Agardh had in view, there<br />
is no doubt that it was not the present species. The name<br />
Chara hatracliosperma was first used by Weiss for Batrachospcrmum<br />
vioniliforme. Braun's action in starting a new .Y. batrachosperma<br />
upon the foundation of Reichenbach's confused ideas, instead of<br />
giving an entirely new name, is incomprehensible, considering the<br />
slight grounds upon which he re-christened so many species. In<br />
the absence of any valid name for the species, Ave are reluctantly<br />
compelled, in accordance with the " Laws," to give it a name, and<br />
we think we cannot do better than dedicate it to the greatest living<br />
authority on the genus.<br />
We are indebted to our friend Mr. J. Guardia for photomicrographs<br />
of the surfaces of the two oospores whicli are copied on<br />
our plate. The importance of the markings on the surface of the<br />
oospore as a specific character has been well shown by Dr. Nordstedt<br />
in his recent valuable paper on the subject.<br />
N. GRACILIS, A
A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXON FR.). G9<br />
Westeniess, Port Appiu, 1885, ('. Bailey; Dumbarton, Kilpatrick<br />
Hills, 1889, L. Watt, comm. A. Bennett; Kerry S., Caragli Lake,<br />
1889, n. TC. Scully.<br />
var. crassa. — Westmoreland, Grasmere, 1884, T. A. Cotton,<br />
comm. A. Bennett.<br />
N. OPACA A(i.— Keni W., 1888, J. Cr.; Renfrew, 1887, U. Kidstnn;<br />
Selkirk, 1876, A. Cnd;/ Vhyhtie, herb. Bom-ell; Haddington,<br />
18G1, ./. T. Boswell, lu-rb. Bo'stcell ; Kincardine, 1800, ./. B. Syme,<br />
herb. Bosurll.<br />
Explanation of Pl.\te 296. a, NitellaNordstedtiana, nobis; \i\&nt natural<br />
size, from specimen in Dr. Ward's herbarium, b, Branch, from specimen sent<br />
to us fresh by Mr. A. Bennett, c, Ditto, x 19. d, End-segments of fertile<br />
branchlets, x 15i». e, Fruiting branchlet, x '^2. f, Fruit, x 00. o, Oospore,<br />
X GO. H, Part of surface of oospore, x 375 (after photo, by J. Guardia).<br />
I, Forking, with antheridium and young fruit, x 60. k, N. tenutusima, Kuetz.<br />
end-segments of fertile branchlets, x 150. l, Ditto, oospore, x 60. m, Ditto,<br />
2)art of surface of oospore, x 375 (after photo, by J. Guardia).<br />
A MONOGRAPH OP THE GENUS PODAXIS Desv.<br />
(= PODAXON Fr.).<br />
By George Massee.<br />
(Concluded from p. 39.)<br />
Affinities.<br />
From -what lias already been said, it will be seen that we are<br />
dealing with a genus showing considerable latitude in the mode of<br />
spore-formation, in the most typical species the spores arc produced<br />
as asci of peculiar form and mode of arrangement, and in searching<br />
for homologous structures we find the nearest approach in the<br />
subterranean fungi constituting the Hypoyai, which are divided into<br />
three groups, the Ilyviennyastirte, or basidiosporous division ; the<br />
Tiiberaeete, characterized by having the spores produced in asci<br />
and the I'Jlaphomycetec, also ascigerous, but so evidently distinct in<br />
many important points from the Tuberacea: that Tulasnc considered<br />
the division of ordinal value, and expressed his views as to its<br />
relative position as follows:— "Elaphomycetes Tuberaceis genuinis<br />
quoad fructificationem aualogi, struct ura morphosisque tloccosopulveracea<br />
sicca ab eis toto coclo differuiit et ad Lycopcrdeos<br />
basidiosporos accedunt, qua propter fungus ulriusque familiie medii<br />
connectere videntur."*<br />
Tiie Klapliuwyceta', as already stated, are truly ascigerous, by<br />
wliicli I mean that one or more spores produced by free celllormation<br />
appear in a mother-cell, from which they eventually<br />
escape, the wall of the mother-cell forming no part of the walls of<br />
the daughter cells, but remaining usually for some time in a<br />
'Fungi Hypogni,' p. 101.
70 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXON FR,).<br />
shrivelled condition after the escape of the daughter-cells, and known<br />
as an ascus ; hence the resemblance presented by the Ehtphonnjcette<br />
to the Lycu])erdinecE, as stated by Tulasne, depends on the spores<br />
forming a pulverulent mass when mature, and on the presence of<br />
a capillitium, imperfect at first, as would naturally be expected,<br />
nevertheless the precursor of a contrivance which, in its perfected<br />
form, as seen in the mnjority of (iiistronfi/cetcs that become elevat-ed<br />
into the air when mature, proved of service in spore-dissemination,<br />
so long as this was effected by physical means, but which we find<br />
to be eventually superseded in the Plmlloideft, where, by a gradual<br />
modification of certain portions of hypha; along other lines, we find<br />
a series of contrivances in the form of scent, colour, and sugar<br />
respectively produced for the purpose of favouring the visits of<br />
insects, and thus securing spore-dissemination after the fashion of<br />
seed-dispersion in certain groups of phanerogams. 1 have shown<br />
elsewhere* the gradual conversion of the ascigerous Tuheracem into<br />
the basidiosporous Hijinenogdstrea, due to the changes of asci into<br />
basidia, and the subsequent evolution of the whole of the aboveground<br />
Gastroinjjci'trs from the subterrcinean ascigerous Tiibcracecc<br />
through the HnwemKiastrea: ; and now we find a second attempt on<br />
the part of the Tuberacea to evolve an above-ground branch through<br />
the Klaphomycetce, and continued by the genera Fodaxis, Tulustomuy<br />
and possibly Batarrca and (Jueletia.<br />
The asci in the PUitphomyceUE. appear to be in a very unstable<br />
state ; in Elaphomyces yranulatus Yitt. we find asci of the same<br />
shape, and arranged in clusters exactly as in Fuduxis (fig. 15); and<br />
in one and the same portion under the microscope, asci containing<br />
one, two, three, and four spores respectively can usually be seen,<br />
the asci varying in form and size depending on the number of contained<br />
spores (figs. 16-18) ; in the remaining species of Elaphovtyceie<br />
the asci, as regards arrangement and variability, agree with<br />
I'J. yranulatus. In all the species of Elaphomyces the commonest<br />
number of spores in an ascus is four, but a single spore is by no<br />
means uncommon ; and the capillitium, although consisting of<br />
thick-walled and obviously differentiated hyphffi, is devoid of any<br />
arrangement in the way of spiral corrugations for promoting<br />
elasticity, which would be useless in a subterranean fimgus ; but m<br />
Fodaxis, where, due to the excessive development of the homologue<br />
of the sterile basal portion in many of the Hppoym, the peridium is<br />
elevated above ground, we find an improvement in the portion<br />
specially told oti" for promoting spore-dissemination, the capillitium;<br />
and contemporaneous with this modification we find the ascigerous<br />
mode of spore-formation being replaced by the basidiosporous<br />
method.<br />
Now this is the sequence presented in the evolution of the<br />
Gastromycetes before mentioned ; why should it be necessary, when<br />
the subterranean Tuheraccir, evolve above-ground sections, that the<br />
original ascigerous condition should be replaced by a basidiosporous<br />
* ' A Monograph of the British Gastromycetes,' Ann. Bot. vol. iv. j^p. 1—101,<br />
4 plates.
A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (—- PODAXON FR.). 71<br />
stage ? It is certain that the entire group of the (rastromycrtes<br />
have spruug from the Tuberacefe , and it is equally evident that tho<br />
efforts to change an entirely subterranean condition for an aboveground<br />
one at maturity is closely connected, if not entirely concerned,<br />
with securing a more perfect method of spore-dissemination;<br />
remembering that the structure of the primitive stock— the I'lihenicc
72 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DES^'. (= PODAXON FK,).<br />
ment of the very varied and complicated structures presented by the<br />
different sections, it is difficult to realize that the only known idea<br />
embodied is, as already stated, a determination on the part of every<br />
generic assemblage to outvie its neighbours in providing the most<br />
perfect arrangement for securing the world-wide distribution of its<br />
own kind.<br />
Accepting the genera Podasris and Tulostoma as at present<br />
defined, we find the gradual transition from the ascosporous to the<br />
basidiosi)orous type effected as follows. In Podaxis it has been<br />
shown that the asci generally originate in a crowded manner from<br />
special, short, varioiisly-branched, closely-septate hypliEe, but in<br />
most species we find along with this typical method certain ascogenous<br />
liyphje sparingly or not at all branched, and with fewer<br />
septa ; now in P. Kmerici the last-mentioned exceptional form of<br />
ascogenous hyph?e is found to be typical ; furthermore, the exceptional<br />
mode of spore -formation in most species, where the ascus<br />
remains as an outer coat to the spore, is also thervile in P. Emerici.<br />
The peculiar nature of the basidia in the genus Tulostoma was<br />
first described by Schroter,* who shows that in T. mammosum these<br />
structures originate as short lateral branches from the hyphse of the<br />
spongy gleba. These short lateral branches, after receiving the<br />
protoplasm from the parent hypha, are cut off from the latter by a<br />
septum near the base ; the terminal portion increases in diameter,<br />
but remains more or less cylindrical, and is now a basidinm, as<br />
proved by the appearance of four lateral papilli©, which continue to<br />
increase in size, absorb all the protoplasm from the basidium,<br />
become cut off from the latter by a septum at the neck, and finally<br />
drop off as spores. Schroter has given five figures of the basidia,<br />
each bearing four spores showing the scattered and generally lateral<br />
mode of origin ; in one example there is a terminal spore, but there<br />
is evidently no stereotyped definite position as shown in typical<br />
basidiomycetes.<br />
In a young specimen of Ttilostomn jmsiUum Berk. I find the same<br />
thick, cylindrical, aseptate basidia bearing from six to eight lateral<br />
spores, and in Corda's figure of Tidustowa fimbriatttm the spores are<br />
represented as originating in elongated clusters, suggesting the idea<br />
of a lengthened basidium covered with numerous spores ; this I<br />
have had no opportunity of corroborating, nevertheless we see that<br />
in the species of Tnlostuina the basidia originate as lateral branches,<br />
and produce lateral spores, irregularly arranged, and variable in<br />
number, thus presenting many points in common with the homologous<br />
parts in Podaxis, in fact only differing in the total absenc<br />
of septa in the basidium, and in the wall of the basidium becoming<br />
the wall of the spore.<br />
Podaxis J'hnerici is the existing connecting-link between the<br />
extremes of structure met with in Podaxis and TiUostoma respectively.<br />
In an immature specimen of Batarrea Steveni I have succeeded in<br />
ascertaining that the asci are clavate, and at the apex of the basidia<br />
* Entw. u. Tulostoma, in Cohn's Beitr. ii. p. 65.<br />
t Tom. ell. p. 68 (woocTcut).
A JIOXOGEAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXOX FR.). 73<br />
are indications of scars, but the material at command was too<br />
imperfect to ascertain the number or mode of attachment of the<br />
spores ; the capilhtium-threads liave the spiral thickening inside<br />
more distinctly diti'eientiated than in those of Podaxin, and sometimes<br />
passing into the annular form. That the above remarks were<br />
to some extent anticipated by De Bary is shown by the following<br />
quotation :— " The differences between the genera lUitarrea and<br />
Podaxon and the typical Lycoperdacecc which have been hitherto under<br />
consideration, are sufficiently striking to require a special descrip-<br />
tion. "=:=<br />
Geogr.aphic.al Distribution.<br />
The species of Podaxis, seven in number, are not abundant<br />
anywhere, and being very conspicuous and readily preserved, it is<br />
not to be expected that many novelties remain to be discovered, or<br />
the range of known species extended to any marked extent. As<br />
already remarked, there is a primitive quaintness in the general<br />
morphology, which, added to the fact that the known species are<br />
confined to geologically old-fashioned places, suggests that we are<br />
dealmg with the fragmentary remains of a first attempt to emerge<br />
fi'om the altogether subterranean habits of the pioneers of our<br />
modern gi'oup of Gastromijcetcs.<br />
The genus ranges from St. Domingo, California, 11G° W. long.,<br />
to Brisbane, 153° E. long., and from New Mexico, 35° N. lat., to<br />
Melbourne, 37° S. lat. All the species are met with in arid, sandy<br />
districts. P. indica often occurs in numbers on the large hillocks<br />
made by ants at the Cape of Good Hope and in Afghanistan ; in<br />
both places it is eaten by the natives. Africa may perhaps be<br />
looked upon as the geographical centre of the genus at the present<br />
day. Species have been collected in the Egyptian desert on the<br />
east, the Cape de Verde Islands, and from Senegambia, following<br />
the west coast to S. Africa, where individuals appear to be far more<br />
numerous than in any other known district. The Island of Socotra,<br />
where P. indica has been collected, forms the stepping-stone to<br />
Asia, where two species extend to the Himalayas and Afghanistan,<br />
and, l)y way of a surprise, xuidoubted P. indica occurs in Queensland<br />
and Victoria. Finally, a single species, closely allied to, but quite<br />
distinct from the Old World species, occurs within a limited area on<br />
the Western side of North America. So far as is known, the genus<br />
is not represented in Europe or South America.<br />
Classification.<br />
Podaxis Desv. — Peridium at first subterranean, sessile, concealing<br />
the gltba, which is traversed by a central axis ; substance<br />
of gleba spongy, witliout distinct cavities or tramal-plates ; asci<br />
monosporous, produced in dense clusters; capillitium copious or<br />
obsolete. The peridium after spore-formation is elevated above<br />
ground on a long stem, and at maturity deliisces by becoming<br />
irregularly torn, and separating from the stem at its basal point of<br />
attachment.<br />
' Fungi, Mycctozoa, and Bacteria,' Engl, ed., p. <strong>31</strong>7.
74 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXON FR.).<br />
Podaxis Desvaux,* Joiirn. Bot. torn. ii. p. 97 (1809) ; Fries,<br />
Syst. Orb. Veg. pars. i. Plant. Homon. p. 159 (1825). Fries says:<br />
" Genus milii ignotum, Cauhglosso forsan analogon." Poda.von<br />
Fries, Syst. Myc. iii. p. 62 (1829) ; this is tlie first time tiie word<br />
Podaxon was used, and Fries explains its appearance as follows :<br />
" Nomen Trot/? et u^uv derivatum, Podnxon scribendum est." Corda,<br />
Icon. Fung. v. p. 24 (1842) ; Sacc. Syll. Fung. vol. vii. pars. i.<br />
p. 58 (1888). Lyroperdon Bosc. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. de<br />
torn. i. pars i. p. 47 (1792) ; Linn. Mant. PL p. <strong>31</strong>3 (1767) ;<br />
Paris,<br />
Linn.<br />
ISuppl. PI. p. 453 (1781). Sclerodenna Pers. Syn. Metb. Fung,<br />
p. 150 (1801). Mitremyces Sprengel, Syst. Veg. p. 518 (1827).<br />
Cicnium Spreng. Syst. Veg. p. 529 (1827). Schweinitzia Grev.<br />
Edin. Phil. Journ. vol. viii. p. 257 (1823).<br />
Desvaux was iiudoubtedly the first to notice that the species<br />
called Ijycoiierdon axatum by Bosc was generically distinct from<br />
Lijcoperduji and Scleroderma, consequently bis name of Podaxis lias<br />
been restored, tlie reason given above by Fries for substituting<br />
Podaxon not being valid ; other things being equal, grammatical<br />
accuracy is most desirable, but, considering that a generic name is<br />
only of symbolic value, it is best to adhere to the original symbol,<br />
thereby avoiding the inevitable complication following any tampering<br />
with the original name.<br />
All the species appear to be white when young, the peridium<br />
and stem i^assing at maturity to a dingy ochre, varying more or<br />
less in intensity, but of no specific value ; neither is the great<br />
variability in texture of the peridium, which varies from polished<br />
to fibrillose or squamose in the same species ;<br />
whereas the colour of<br />
the spores when mature appears to be constant. The colour of<br />
spores described as seen in the mass is as it appears to the naked<br />
eye, whereas the colour of individual spores is as seen under the<br />
microscope by transmitted light.<br />
A. CapUUtiiim abundant, threads coloured.<br />
1. Podaxis indica (Spreng.).— Peridimn elliptical, even, rather<br />
polished ; basal margin irregularly lacerated after dehiscence ; stem<br />
elongated, attenuated upwards, hollow, more or less incrassated at<br />
the base ; mass of capillifcium and spores dark reddish brown ;<br />
capillitium very dense, threads simple or rarely branching at wide<br />
angles, bright brown, very much curled and intertwined, 9-11 p<br />
thick, spiral marking distmct, often splitting into a flat, spirallycoiled<br />
ribbon ; spores bright brown, irregularly globose or broadly<br />
elliptical, 10-12 or 10-12 x 9-10 p, smooth.<br />
Mitreiin/ces indicus Spreng. Syst. Veg. v. 5, p. 518. Scleroderma<br />
pistillare Pers. Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 150. Lijcoperdun pistillare<br />
Linn. Mant. PI. p. <strong>31</strong>3. Scltwei)iitzia pistill((ris Grev. in Edin.<br />
Phil. Journ. vol. viii. p. 257, pl. vi. (in the text the spelling of the<br />
generic name given in honour of Schweinitz, the mycologist, is<br />
correct, but on the }date it is " Schweinizia," and this mistake is<br />
copied by Fries, S. M. iii. pp. 62-63). Podaxon pistUlaris Fries,<br />
• ' Observations sur quelques genres a etablir dans la famille des Champignons.'
A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXOX FR.). 75<br />
Syst. Myc. iii. p. 63 ; Sacc. Syll. vol. vii. pt. i. No. 171. Podaxon<br />
arahicus Pat. Bull. Soc. Myc. vol. iii. p. 122, pi. xi. f. 1 (1887).<br />
Peridium 7-10 cm. high by 3-4 cm. broad ; stem 10-17 cm.<br />
long, and about 1 cm. thick below ; the bulb-like base of the stem<br />
is mostly due to sand being firmly agglutinated together by the<br />
mycelium.<br />
Hab. In dry sandy places, or on the nests of termites. Edible.<br />
South Africa (Prof. MdcOican); Porto Praya, Cape de Verde Is.<br />
(Sir J. B. Hooker); Niger Exp. {Barter); Bocotra {Prof. I. B.<br />
Balfour) ; Madras ; Rawul Piudec, Pui:ijab ; Himalayas ; Afghanistan<br />
{Dr. Aitchison) ; Victoria and Queensland, Australia.<br />
2. PoDAxis CARciNOMALis (Linu.). — Peridium oblong-ovate or<br />
broadly elliptical, smooth, then often more or less fibrillose, lower<br />
stem elongated, very much attenuated<br />
free margin irregularly torn ;<br />
upwards, hollow, base swollen and often oblique ; mass of capillitium<br />
and spores dark umber-brown ; capillitium dense, threads thickwalled,<br />
bright brown, simple or rarely branched, very much twisted<br />
and interlaced, spiral marking distinct, often breaking up into a<br />
flat, spiral ribbon, 10-12 /x thick; spores bright brown, smooth,<br />
elliptic-oblong, 10-12 x 6-7 /x.<br />
Ltjcoperdun carvinomalis Linn. Suppl. PI. p. 453. Piulaxon carci-<br />
nonialis Fries, Syst. IMyc. iii. p. 02; Sacc. Syll. No. 168; Fischer,<br />
Hedw. 1889, Heft i. p. 1, t. 1, figs. 1-2. Podaxon clatus Welw. &<br />
Curr. Trans. Linn. Journ. vol. xxvi. p. 288, pi. 19, f. 4-6. Scleroderma<br />
carcinomale Pers. Syn. ]\Ieth. Fung. p. 151.<br />
The type-specimen of Linnaeus is in the Linnean Herbarium,<br />
now in the possession of the Linnean Society, and the type of<br />
Welwitsch & Currey is in the Kew Herbarium.<br />
Tlie peridium varies from 7-20 cm. in height by 5-12 cm. in<br />
breadth ; the stem is also variable in proportion, 12-40 cm. long<br />
by 1-3 cm. thick towards the base.<br />
The present species is most closely allied to P. indira, but is<br />
altogether a larger and more robust plant, and well characterized<br />
by the spores and the stouter stem with the usually oblique swollen<br />
base.<br />
Hab. Sandy places, and on nests of white ants. Niger Exped.<br />
{Barter); Uitenhage (Zetjlicr); South Africa; S.W. Africa {Br.<br />
Schinz); Angola {Br. Welwitsch).<br />
Var. )tii)tur ]k>rk. in herb.—Very much smaller and more slender<br />
than the typical form, but capillitium and spores exactly the same.<br />
Hab. On the ground. Entire plant 6-7 cm. high. Natal.<br />
B. Ccjnltitinin rcnj scanty or obsolete.<br />
3. PoDAXis AXATA (Bosc). — Peridiuui elliptical, smooth or<br />
fibrillose, usually torn into irregular, pointed segments at the<br />
lower, free margin ; stem elongated, attenuated upwards, fibi-illoso<br />
and usually twisted, hollow, base bulbous ; mass of spores olivaceousumber<br />
; capillitmm rare or altogether obsolete ; spores variable in<br />
form, broadly elliptical or irregularly subgloboso, dusky olive with<br />
a brown tinge, wall thin, 13-14 or 13-14 x 10-11 ji.
76 A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXON FE.).<br />
Lycoperdon a.catum Bose. Actes de la Soc. d'Hisfc. Nat. de Paris,<br />
torn. i. pars i. p. 47, plate xi. (but called pi. vi. in the text), (1792).<br />
Foda.vis Senegale II sis Desv. Journ. Bot. toni. ii. p. 97. Cioniion scne-<br />
l/idense Spreiig. Syst. Veg. p. 529. Podaxon cab/ptratus Fries, Syst.<br />
Myc, iii. p. 03 ; Sacc. Syll. No. 170. Podaxon Lnandensis Welw.<br />
Apont. Fl. Angol. p. 535 ; Welw. & Curr. Trans. Linn. Soc. v. 26,<br />
p. 288, tab. 20, f. 6, 6, 7.<br />
There is an authentic specimen of P. Loandensis from Dr.<br />
Welwitsch in Herb. Berk., Kew, No. 4532.<br />
Peridium 6-8 cm. high ; stem 10-17 cm. long, coarsely fibrous,<br />
the fibres in a diffuse spiral owing to the twisting of the stem, base<br />
spores always with an olive tinge.<br />
very much incrassated ;<br />
Hab. Dry sandy places. Edible. Senegal; Angola (Dr. Welwitsch)<br />
; Ugui, E. Africa {Mils. Brit.) ; Ceylou (Gardiner) ; Niger<br />
Exped. (Barter).<br />
4. PoDAxis MossAMADENsis (Wclw. & Curr.).-—Peridium elliptical<br />
or conical when expanded, often irregularly longitudinally rugose,<br />
stem elongated, subequal or slightly<br />
lower margin irregularly torn ;<br />
attenuated upwards, stuffed, base bulbous ; mass of capillitium and<br />
spores blackish brown ; capillitium very scanty, threads without<br />
spiral markings, 8-9 /x thick ; spores subglobose, deep brown,<br />
8-9 /A diameter.<br />
Podaxon Mossamadensis Welw. & Curr. Trans. Linn. Soc. v.<br />
xxvi. p. 288, t. 17, f. 8 (spores), & t. 19, f. 1, 2, 3.<br />
Type in Herb. Mus. Brit.<br />
Peridium 7-12 x 4-7 cm., stem 15-27 cm. high, 1-2 cm. thick;<br />
the stem is sometimes swollen just within the point of attachment<br />
of the base of the sporangium. The minute apiculus on the spore<br />
mentioned in the original description is caused by a thickening of<br />
the epispore immediately over the germ-pore ; a similar projection<br />
is present in every species, but is more pronounced in the present.<br />
Characterized by the stout, subequal, stuffed stem witli a bulbous<br />
base, and the small globose spores.<br />
Hab. Sandy places. Mossamedes, Angola (Z);-. Welwitsch);<br />
Madeira (Lowe).<br />
5. PoDAxis ^GYPTicA (Mout.).—Peridiuui narrowly elliptical or<br />
oblong; stem subequal, fibrous, more or less twisted, base incrassated<br />
; mass of spores rusty-brown ; capillitium very scanty; spores<br />
broadly elliptical, dark reddish brown, 11-12 x 9 /z.<br />
Podaxon jE
A MONOGRAPH OF THE GENUS PODAXIS DESV. (= PODAXON FR.). 77<br />
all swollen at the base ; mass of spores blackish brown ; capillitium-<br />
threacls very rare, witli indistinct spiral markings ; spores irregularly<br />
globose or broadly elliptical, smooth, clear dark bro\Yn,<br />
10-12 or 10 X 12 //.<br />
The present species is characterised by the peridium being very<br />
obtuse and broadest at the apex, the stuffed, subequal stem, and<br />
subglobose, brown spores. Peridium 6-8 x 3-4 cm., stem 11-18<br />
cm. long.<br />
"Arizona, Dr. Fnhner, Herb. W. O. FaHow" specimen sent to<br />
Berkeley, now at Kew, and accepted as type of the present<br />
species. New Mexico [Gerard, No. 287)<br />
(Wrif/ht).<br />
; Rio Grande, N. Mexico<br />
7. PoDAxis Emerici (Berk.).—Peridium elliptic-oblong, covered<br />
with dark-coloured, squarrose, fibrillose scales ; stem elongated,<br />
attenuated upwards, hollow ; mass of spores olive-brown ; spores<br />
broadly elliptical, smooth, with a distinct apiculate hilum, olive<br />
with a tinge of brown, 20-22 x 12-14 /x ; capillitium obsolete.<br />
Fodaxun Enierlci Berk, in herb. — Peridium G-8 x 4 cm., stem<br />
14-lG cm. long. Characterized by the scaly peridium and the<br />
large olive spores.<br />
Musalapatam, Himalayas (Capt. Emeric Berkeleij).<br />
Description op the Figures ox Plates 294 and 295.<br />
Plate 294.—Fig. 1, Podaxis indico, vertical median section of a young specimen<br />
before differentiation of the gleba ; nat. size. 2, P. iiidica, vertical<br />
median section of young specimen after differentiation of the gleba, a ; central<br />
axis, h ;<br />
stem, rf;<br />
peridium, c ; basal portion that eventually elongates and forms the<br />
nat. size. 3, P. hidica, portion of an ascogenous branch; x 1200.<br />
4, P. indica, poi'tion of an ascogenous branch with empty, shrivelled asci<br />
X 1200. 5, P. indica, an ascus containing two immature spores; x 1200.<br />
6, P. indica, portion of a capillitium-thread showing the spiral marking, and at<br />
one end broken up into a flat, spirally-coiled ribbon ; x 1200. 7, P. indica,<br />
diagrammatic section of a capillitium-thread showing the ridges on the inner<br />
surface of the wall arranged spirally. 8, P. indica, hj-pha- from young specimen<br />
; x 1200. 9, P. indica, spore in optical section, showing the germ-pore<br />
X<br />
12' lO. 10, Podaxis carcinnnifilia, a small ascogenous tuft; x 1200. 11, Dia-<br />
grammatic median vertical section of an ascogenous branch of Podaxis Emerici,<br />
showing the incrassated branch witli but few septa ; if this is compared with<br />
the basidia of Tulostoma, tig. 12, it will be seen that the only morphological<br />
distinction between the two consists in the absence of septa in the latter.<br />
12, Tulostoma jjusillum, hasidia, with spores; x 400. l.S cfe 14, spores of above<br />
in different stages of development ; x 1200. 15, ElapJiomijces varicgatus,<br />
portion of an ascogenous hypha witli asci in various stages of development<br />
X 400. 10, 17, 18, asci of same containing one, two, and four spores<br />
respectively ; x 400.<br />
Plate 295.—Fig. 19, Podaxis Farlowii, entire fungus; nat. size. 20, spores<br />
of same; x 350. 21, spore of same; x 1200. 22, Podaxis Emerici, entire<br />
fungus ; nat size. 23, vertical median section of same ; nat. size. 24, spores<br />
of same; X 350. 25, spore of same, showing liilum, n; and germ-pore, h;<br />
X 1200. 26, spoi"e of same, showing outer membrane of spore split and partly<br />
removed; x 1200.
78<br />
FURTHER RECORDS FROM ICELAND.<br />
By Arthur Bennett, F.L.S.<br />
In this Journal for March, 188G, I recorded the additions to the<br />
Flora of Iceland, made after the publication of ' Groenlund's Flora '<br />
in 1881.<br />
I here propose to notice those that have since been added up to<br />
1889, and to endeavour to show what is still required to clear up<br />
many points connected with Icelandic Botany. Naturally, it<br />
is to the Danish botanists we look for the principal part of this<br />
work ; but still British botanists, entomologists and tourists, can<br />
aid very materially. One difficulty is to know what is wanted, and<br />
to some extent to obviate the gathering over again of plants well<br />
known to exist in the island. I have given a list, at the end of this<br />
paper, of records needing to be confirmed by specimens, confining<br />
myself, however, to those numbered by Prof. Babington in his<br />
"Revision of the Flora of Iceland," in the Linuean Society's<br />
Journal, 1870, pp. 282—348.<br />
If any one visiting Iceland should see any of these plants, they<br />
will do a service to Icelandic Botany by submitting them to Prof.<br />
Babington, or Dr. Lange, of Copenhagen.<br />
A good many (perhaps most) of the species not numbered are<br />
geographically unlikely to have ever occurred. One factor is<br />
evidently gaining ground in Iceland, i. e., the introduction of plants<br />
that accompany cultivation, such species as MeLilotus alba, B ramus<br />
secalinus, &c., are, as Rostrup observes, merely weeds.<br />
The principal papers that have appeared on the Flora are by M.<br />
Halldorsson Fridriksson, in the ' Bot. Tidsskrift,' 1882, pp. 45—78,<br />
" Om Islands Flora." In this he criticises the work of Groenlund,<br />
in his ' Islands Flora,' and defends the work of his countryman,<br />
Hjaltalin, ' Islenzk Grasafrsed,' from Groenlund's certainly harsh<br />
estimation of it,— " It is perfectly indifferent what plants figure, or<br />
are named in that list,"—and cites the totally different value that<br />
Babington placed on it. This was followed by Groenlund, in the<br />
83-— IBl), with a paper in which he dis-<br />
same year and place (pp.<br />
cusses Fridriksson's criticisms. In these two papers the value of<br />
the records of over one hundred species are reviewed by Fridriksson<br />
and Groenlund. It should be stated that Groenlund's<br />
standard was a specimen in some herbarium ; but here he was not<br />
consistent, for (seemingly because Babington recorded several<br />
plants as in " Solander's Collection " but not localised, which in his<br />
' Flora ' he ignored) ; he was obliged to pass over several gathered<br />
by Steenstrup and only labelled " Iceland," and Fridriksson calls<br />
attention to these.<br />
The latest paper is that of Dr. E. Rostrup, in ' Bofc. Tidsskrift,'<br />
1888, pp. 168—186. He there records the new localities and new<br />
species found by Fedderseu, Davidsson, Stefansson, Thorsddsen,<br />
and Froeken Thora Fridriksson.<br />
The following list contains these additions ; and it may be of<br />
interest to sec how many of the species that were numbered by
FURTHER RECORDS FROM ICELAND. 79<br />
BabiiigtoD, but not admitted by Groenlund in 1881, have since<br />
been verified. They amounted to 132 species, and of these 33<br />
have been gathered. Of the remaining 99 species tliere are from<br />
50 to GO that are not unlikely to be found, looking at their distribution<br />
elsewhere. Those starred are the additions, the others<br />
being merely new localities or corrections, &c.<br />
By the kindness of the Rev. Dr. Walker, who visited the<br />
island last year, I was enabled to look through the plants he<br />
collected, and to include in this list a few additions made by him.<br />
There is one point in which I think the Danish botanists are<br />
hardly fair to those who have gone before. If a plant has been<br />
reported, it seems only right that the old record should be given as<br />
an appendage to the recent one, if even only fi-om the historical<br />
point of view. One instance will suffice : Glaux vutritinm was<br />
given for Leiiarey by Koega in Olafsen og Povelsen's ' Reise<br />
ignenem Island,' and by Baring-Gould and W. Lauder Lindsey<br />
from other three stations. This was afterwards found by Fridriksson<br />
at the same i^lace, and recorded by Groenlund, ' Bot.<br />
Tidssk,' vol. 14, part 4, without the slightest reference to its<br />
having been found there before.<br />
EainmculKs hetcmphyllKs Fr., var. succidenta Koch. Langarnar,<br />
near Reykjavik. W. Isl. (Davidsson). I suspect this is the plant<br />
that Babington describes, but gives no name to.<br />
Cardamhw intermedia Hornem. Borgarfjordr (Thoroddsen ex<br />
Groenlund). Hver, near Graferbakki. Midi, near Geysir. Minni<br />
Laxa. S. Isl. (Feddersen).<br />
'^'Silene injiata Sm. Eskijordr. E. Isl. Rev. Dr. Walker, a<br />
scrap just sufficient to identify the species ! Included by Lindsey,<br />
Preyer and Zirkel, Hjaltalin, and Gliemann, Not recorded for the<br />
in Finland and Lapland North to 69° N. lat.<br />
Faroes or Greenland ;<br />
"^^ (Teranium moUe L. Hallljjarnareyi, W. Iceland (Davidsson).<br />
Doubtless an introduced species. It grows in Sweden north to<br />
in Finland in the Aland Isles only,<br />
Vermland ;<br />
*'M(dva horealis L. Blonduos, N. Iceland (Fridriksson). Scarcely<br />
a native of Iceland. It occurs in Sweden ; in Norway to 60° 43'<br />
N. lat. ; Finland to 62° N. lat. (doubtfully to G3^).<br />
*Melilutiis alhn Lam. Blunduos, N. Iceland (Fridriksson).<br />
Doubtless an introduction.<br />
*Trifi)Jiiun prntense L. Hafuarfjt'idr, W. Iceland (Froeken Thora<br />
Fridriksson). Given in many of the old lists. In Lapland it<br />
extends to 64° 30' N. lat, ; in Finland to 68° N. lat.—-!'. vnnus Sm.<br />
Solandcr in Herb. Mus. Brit, teste Britten ;<br />
Jouru. Bot. 1886, p, 68,<br />
note.<br />
*Lotus corniculntus L. Ilallbjarnareyri. SnaBfellsnes, W. Iceland<br />
(Davidsson). Given as Icelandic by Hjaltalin and Mohr, and<br />
recorded from the Faroes and Finland up to 63° N. lat. In<br />
Norway (Arctic) to 71'.<br />
'^'AkhriiiHla jissa Schum., \^v. faeroeyms Langc Seytliisfjodr, E.<br />
Iceland (Davidsson), Rostrup has a long note on this, and it is no<br />
doubt the plant that Strcnnfelt reported as A. conjunct^ Bab. (see<br />
Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 69).
80 FURTHER RECORDS FROM ICELAND.<br />
Cdllitriche autumnalis L, Laxa, N. Iceland. No locality given<br />
in Journ. Bot. 1885. p. 69.— *C. liamuJata Kiitz.<br />
land. Mida, Haffjarthara and Hitava, W. Iceland.<br />
BiBgisa, N. Ice-<br />
Untliiafoss and<br />
Breidabolstadr, S. Iceland (Fiidriksson). Auiltrasser, 1, 8, 1856;<br />
Haudinger in herb. A. Braun, 'BerMw, fide Dr. Roth.; "Island,<br />
Hegelmaier, Monogr. Gatt. CallUriche<br />
Thienemanninherb. Berol," ;<br />
p. 57.<br />
Sedum anmnn L. Myvatn, Thoroddsen, 1884, in herb. Beeby !<br />
— .S'. villosum L., var.
FURTHER RECORDS FROM ICELAND. 81<br />
dnced, but still very dubiously a native. Eev. Dr. Walker, 1889 !<br />
Found in Finland at Euraaminne, about 61° N. lat. ; in Sweden<br />
in East Gothland ; and Sodemanland.<br />
Mijosotis arcensis Roth. Eskifjordr. Rev. Dr. Walker, 89 !<br />
*Ana(/allis arvensis L. Eeykiavk (Davidsson). Babington notes,<br />
" Solauder saw it in Paulsen's herb."<br />
^ Utricid'o ia minor L. Minui Laxa, S. Iceland (Fridriksson).<br />
*Pinfjuicula viilf/aris L., var. grandijiura Lam. Seydisfjortlir<br />
(Feddersson), E. Iceland.<br />
Rhododendron lapponicum Wg. "Kalmanstunga, Baring-Gould."<br />
Rostrup records a specimen in the Copenhagen Herbarium, " ex<br />
Islaudia dedit Robert, 1837, Aug."<br />
^Poliigonum Convolvulus Ij. Blonduos, N. Iceland (Fridriksson).'<br />
Affiildsdynger (Federssen), " with Melilotus, Mcdva borealis, &c."<br />
Glieraann included this, and it is recorded from Lapland and<br />
Norway to 70° N. lat. ; in Finland to 69° in cultivated laud ; but is<br />
doubtless an introduction to Iceland. — P. Persicaria Lt. Neykri<br />
in Mosfellssveit (Thoroddsen). -'P. aviculare L., var. littorale Link.<br />
North coast, July 1889. Rev. Dr. Walker<br />
'^'Plantago Curonopus L. "I found this plant in Iceland in 1861,<br />
but although I noted its occurrence, neglected to take specimens,<br />
supposing it to be frequent" (I. Carroll in Journ. Bot. 1870,<br />
p. 356). I found a solitary example among Dr. Walker's plants<br />
gathered in 1889. Konig and others recorded it.<br />
Oxyria diggna Camp. Eskifjordr (Rev. Dr. Walker, 1889).<br />
Orchis latifolia L., var. Near the Geysers, 1889 (Rev. Dr.<br />
Walker!). Mr. N, E. Brown kindly determined these specimens,<br />
which were poor, hence uncertain. I doubt their belonging to<br />
latijulia. Hafnarfjordr (Froeken Thora Fridriksson). Rostrup as<br />
0. mojalifi Reich.<br />
Platanthera hyperborea Lindley ! Near the Geyser (Rev. Dr.<br />
Walker, 1889 !). ]\lany specimens of this species (the var. minor<br />
of Lange). Very different in aspect from the Greenland plant (ex<br />
Lange !), but I compared them with Lindley's types at Kew.<br />
'Potam-geton pectinatiis L. Vestmannsvatn, Blanda and Vididalsmdri,<br />
N. Iceland. Hvammsfjordr, Langa, Hvit. It was recorded<br />
by Morck (Langafjord) and Baring-Gould (Vithimyri). Morck<br />
evidently places this apart from jili/ormis, as he gives a name to<br />
that plant, so his locality is probably correct. — P. filiformis Nolte.<br />
In Herb. Mus. Brit, is an Icelandic specimen gathered by Morck,<br />
under the name of P. capillaceum, 1821. A specimen of P. ru/escens<br />
Schrad., from Helgji, Rostrup refers to " var. saJirifolia (Wolf)<br />
=(/-'. lanvcolatus Sm.)." This will mean the scdicifolius of Reichenbach's<br />
' Icones,' and not the plant of Smith. All the Icelandic<br />
plants named '^ lanceohitus Sm." I have seen are forms of rn/ayccns.<br />
— P. polygonifolius Pourr. Recorded by Feddersen (Medd. Bot.<br />
Foren. s. 159), seems according to Rostrup I.e., to have been a<br />
form of P. natans.<br />
Luzula mnltijhira Lej.— *Var. amgesta Fr., and var. pullesceiin<br />
Hoppe. Hrappscy, E. Iceland (Davidsson). — *Var. nigricans<br />
(Desv.). Sandy by Thingvallavtu (Fodderscn).<br />
Journal ok Botany.—Vol. 28. [March, 1800.] a
82 FTRTHEK RECORDS FROM ICELAND.<br />
^Zannichellia jwlycarpa Nolte. Myvatn, X. Iceland. Lang,<br />
near Torfastadir, S. Iceland (Fridriksson). Given Tvithout locality<br />
in Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 70.<br />
Sparganium miyiimum Fr. Melstadr, N. Iceland, Hvitarvellir<br />
and Laxa, W. Iceland (Fridriksson). Babington's record uncertain.<br />
—S. natans L. Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 70 ; see Kostrup, /. c, p. 183.<br />
Eriophorum angusti/olium Both. Thingveliir (Rev. Dr. Walker,<br />
1889!).<br />
^Carex lavirostrh, Blytt. Hvitarvellir, W. Iceland (Feddersen).<br />
^Bromus secalinus Li. Blonduos, N. Iceland (Fridriksson). B.<br />
racemosns L. Holasandr, near Myvatn, N. Iceland. These two<br />
grasses probably introduced, the first almost certainly so. Kostrup<br />
notes that a specimen of Bromiis hrhaformh Fisch., from " Blondadalsbakki,"<br />
gathered by B. Thorleifson, is in the Copenhagen Herbarium.<br />
"^ Poll/pod ill in i-iihjaie L., var. hrevis Lange. ThmTa and Hveragerdi<br />
by Olves (Thoroddsen ex Groenluud).<br />
* Botrychiiim lanceolatiun Gmel. Angestr. Hofskard, near<br />
Modruvellir, N. Iceland (Davidsson).<br />
^•Equisetum scirpoides jMichx. Eyjafjordi-., N. Iceland (Fridriksson).<br />
— '^E. ari-ense L., var. alpestre Wahlenb, Gsesavatn.<br />
Grimsey (Thoroddsen ex Groenluud).<br />
Ceterach ojficinarum W. "Island'" in Both Addit. ad Consp.<br />
Fl. Europ. was an error for " Istria " ; fide Dr. Both in litt.<br />
List of plants recorded for Iceland, but which have not been<br />
confirmed by recent authors, and of which specimens are wanted :<br />
Ranunculus lapponicus L. Between Haukadal Church and<br />
Langafjall, in the morass. Hooker. B. polyanthemos Li. Eydai' on<br />
the Lagarfljot (Thienemann and Giinther).<br />
Cochlearia danica L. Sp. in Solander's Coll., Babington, I. c.<br />
Vraba niuralis L. In several Hsts.<br />
Teesdalia nudicaulis B. Br. Solander in Herb. Mus. Brit.,<br />
Babington, /. c.<br />
'' Lepidium campestre E. Br. Several lists.<br />
"^<br />
Drosera lonyifolia L. (probably anglica ). Konig and Miiller,<br />
1770.<br />
Sagina subulata Wimm. Gliemann and Morck.<br />
Hypericum perforatum L. Gliemann.<br />
Geranium pratense L. Gathered by Solander, Babington, I. c.<br />
Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Hafuarfjordr (Solander).<br />
Stellaria borealis Big. Statbaifell and Borgarfjord. Steenstrup.<br />
Cerastium arrense L. Fjallabaksvejen, in the south of the<br />
island. Steenstrup. This has been found in Greenland.<br />
Geranium phaum L. Several lists.<br />
Tri/olium arrense L. Aki-eyi (Baring-Gould).<br />
2IyriophyUum lerticillatum L. Hafuarfjoithr (Solander).<br />
Schnanthus annuiis L. " In all the lists " (Babington, /. c).<br />
Sedum anglicum Huds., and S'. album L. (Gliemann & Hjaltaliu).<br />
Saxifraga petraa L. Oscera-i, Koega, and Mohr. Hafiiarfjorthr<br />
(Solander). S. grainthita L. (^Gliemann).
PUETHER BECOBDS FROM ICELAND. 88<br />
JEyopodium Podafjraria L. lu Skalmersdale Coppice (Gliemann).<br />
Galium Aparine L. (Preyer and Zirkel). G. saxatile L.(Leared),<br />
G. paliistre L. This certainly would seem to be a very likely plant.<br />
" In all the lists " (Babington, L c).<br />
Artemisia viiJffaris L. (Solander).<br />
Antennaria dioica Gaert. Between Thorkafjad and Thingmansheidi<br />
(Olafsen and Povelsen).<br />
Sejiecio Jacobiea L. On the Heithies (Baring- Gould).<br />
Cardum hetervphi/Uits Li. (Efjad. Olafsen. Akreyi (01 & Po. ).<br />
Crepis pramorsa Tausch. Hafnarfjorthr (Solander).<br />
Hieraeium Pilosella L. Hafnarfjorthr. Briamsloch (Solander).<br />
—H. auricula L. Hafnarfjorthr (Solanderj. Myvatn, Mohr. H.<br />
ccEsium Fr. The doubt about this is, what is the plant that has<br />
been gathered? Groenlund says murorum, but Babington con-<br />
siders the specimens he has seen to be ccEsium.<br />
Arctostaphylos alpina Spr. Xamed by many of the authors.<br />
Echium vulgare L. Eodesand (E. 0. i P.).<br />
Myosotis palustris With. Hafnarfjorthr and Granfell (Solander).<br />
Hof in Yatnsdal (Baring-Gould i.<br />
Pedicularis sylvatica jj.<br />
garfljot (Ghemann).<br />
Hafuarfjorthr, Molar (Solanderj. La-<br />
Lamiuiii album L. Hnausir (Baring-Gould i, Hjaltalin.<br />
Stachys sylvatica L. Fnjorhadalr (Baring-Gould).<br />
Pinguicula alpina L. Borgarfjord (Pjetm-sson),<br />
Primula farinosa L. Crossnaes (Ghemann).<br />
Plantago alpina L. (?). Thingvellir in plenty (Hooker).<br />
Probably P. borealis Lange.<br />
Atrijilex hastata L. Pveykjavik (Babington).<br />
Polygonum amphibium L. -'In all the lists " (Babington, I. c).<br />
—P. Hydropiper L. " In all the lists ''<br />
(Babington, /. c).<br />
Ceratophyllum dcmersum L. "In all the lists " (Babington, /. c).<br />
Salix pentandra L., and S. purpurea L. Thingvellir (Baring-<br />
Gould).—S. Caprea L. East side of the head of Eyjafjord (Mohr).<br />
Seljadal (Baring-Gould).—S. cinerea L. Ljosavatn (Baring-Gould).<br />
—S.laurina Sm. Island? (Warming). S.myrtilloidesli. Hafnar-<br />
^orthr (Solander). — 5. repens L. EyUfr. Ljosvatn (Baring-<br />
Gould). S. Myrsinitcs L. Hafnarfjorthr (Solander).— 5. arbuscula<br />
L. Evafjord (Thieneman & Giinther).— S. reticulaUi L. Olafsvik<br />
(Moercii).<br />
Orchis Morio L. Grimstunga (Baring-Gould). — 0. muscula L.<br />
Hafnarfjorthr (Solander). On the way to Krisuvig (^Hooker).<br />
Groenlund says, when on a tour from Reykjavik to Krisuvik he saw<br />
only vuuuhita.— O. crue'uta Miill. Raugarvalla (Morck).<br />
Xigriitlla nigra Kchb. " In all the Usts " (Babington, /. c).<br />
Maianthemum hifulium DC. " In most of the lists " (Babington,<br />
/. c). A very curious error is here suggested— was it Hydro-<br />
cotyle vulgaris/<br />
Juncus ej'usics L, Reykjavik and Eyjafjord (Bariug-Gouldj. —<br />
J. Gerardi Lois. Molar, Lingarnes, Geysirs (Solander),<br />
LuzuUi pitosa Willd. Eyafjord (Thieneman and Giinther).<br />
o 2
84 BENJAMIN CLAEKE, F.L.S.<br />
Potamo^eton lucens h. Hafnarfjortlir (Solander). Likely enough<br />
confused with rufescp.ns as often done now.—P. crispus L. Myvatn<br />
(Glieraan). Pond above the hot springs at Langarness (Lindsey).<br />
Dlysmus compressus Panz., and B. rufus Link. Hop (Baring-<br />
Gould j.<br />
Scirpits lacustris L. Eeykjavik (Baring-Gould). Esia (Morck).<br />
Eriojihorum latifolium Hoppe, Eecorded by three authors.<br />
Care.v pulicaris L., C. areaaria L., C. vulpina, L., C. muricataTi.,<br />
C. loliacea L., C. elonrjata L., C. pallescens L. These records are in<br />
some cases pointed out as errors by Drejer in his Revisio Car.<br />
boreal. (' . fulujinosa Sternb. Konig. G. flava L., and C. vesicaria<br />
L. " In all the hsts " (Babington, /. c).<br />
Milium ejfusum L. Near Kaldrauanes (Mohr).<br />
Psamma arenaria Beau v. Near Kinntestadt (Thieneman and<br />
Giinther).<br />
Calaniagrostis Epigejos Roth. (Lindsey). C. varia Vahl (Vahl).<br />
Aira atropurpurea Wahl. (Hornemann). A. prcecox L. Several<br />
authors.<br />
MoHnia carulea Moench. Havn Ledelos (Mohr). Eydar on the<br />
Lagarfljot.<br />
Poa flexuosa Wahl. (Vahl). P. compressa L. Many of the lists.<br />
Dactt/lis glomerata L. In many lists.<br />
Festuca arundinacea Schr. In many lists.<br />
Triticum caninum L. In many lists.<br />
Equisetum sylvaticum L. Copse near Langarvatn (Bai'ing-<br />
Gould).<br />
Isoetes lacustris L. Thinvellir-vatn (Hooker).<br />
Lycopodium clavatum L., L. complanatum L. In some lists.<br />
Polypodiiim alpestre Hoppe. Stad under Snasfell. Steenstrup.<br />
Lastrea Thelypteris Presl. " In all the lists " (Babington, I, c).<br />
AspleniiC7n fontanuni Presl. Thingvellir (Baring- Gould).<br />
BENJAMIN CLARKE, F.L.S.<br />
Benjamin Clarke was born Sept. 5th, 1813, at Saffron Walden.<br />
He was articled to Dr. Mayo, of Winchester, and regularly entered<br />
the medical profession, but never practised except for a few<br />
months on' one or two occasions. In fact, even while a student in<br />
hospital, he had become devoted to the study of Natural History,<br />
especially of Botany ; and his researches formed the main occupation<br />
of his life. The Royal Society's Catalogue attributes to him<br />
nineteen papers, of which three appeared in this Journal for 1865.<br />
Two more recent contributions from his pen in this Journal for<br />
1886 and 1887 will be found. These papers treat of very varied<br />
subjects ; but a majority of them lead up to his principal separate<br />
work, ' The Natural System of Botany.' In his early days he<br />
attempted to fix the position of various orders and genera, of which<br />
the^affinities were not settled, by ascertaining the position of the<br />
carpels with reference to the axis and the position of the raphe
BENJAMIN CLAEKE, F.L.S. 85<br />
(lateral or dorsal) of the ovulo. Mr. Clarke was sldlfnl in dissec-<br />
and<br />
tion, well-grounded iu morpholog)', and an able draughtsman ;<br />
many of the plates which illustrate his papers are excellent. Mr.<br />
Bentham, in his anniversary address to the Linnean Society in<br />
18G2, referred to Mr. Clarke as " one of our most careful observers."<br />
He was led on to pay special attention to the two characters<br />
(orientation of the carpels and of the raphe), and thence by<br />
an easy transitioia, to attribute a supreme classificatory importance<br />
to them. As early as 1851 he put forward his ' Outlines of a new<br />
arrangement of the Orders of Exogens,' which was ultimately<br />
expanded into ' The Natural System of Botany.' This, under the<br />
title, 'A New Arrangement of Phanerogamous Plants,' was first<br />
published in 1866, and a third edition was issued in 1888. Probably<br />
no botanist of the present day supposes that any one true<br />
Natural System of Botany exists ; any useful system must be<br />
founded on a due recognition of all characters, and not on a few only<br />
whereof two are given huge prepotence.<br />
Other systematists have not been able to employ for their<br />
larger divisions the two particular characters which Mr. Clarke<br />
fastened upon. Except when the carpels are two, it is often<br />
difficult to prove inferentially (Mr. Clarke attempted it), whether<br />
they are "anterior-posterior" or "lateral" with respect to the<br />
axis. In a very large number of exogens the carpels are two,<br />
but their orientation appears variable in one order and even in<br />
one genus ; see the diagrams illustrating Olcacc
86 John bland wood, m.d.<br />
Botany,' by explaining all recorded instances of structure wliicli<br />
did not fit in well with that system. He was also engaged in<br />
studying the effects of various new (or proposed) vegetable therapeutic<br />
agents ; and he was interested greatly in the possibility of<br />
checking infection, even in towns, by police regulations for the<br />
isolation of patients. His amiability of character and intense<br />
scientific enthusiasm miiversally commanded sympathy. Mr.<br />
Clarke died very suddenly, of apoplexy, at Hampstead, February<br />
4th, 1890.<br />
JOHN BLAND WOOD, M.D.<br />
Dr. John Bland Wood died at his residence at Withington, near<br />
Manchester, on February 11th. He was born Dec. 3rd, 1813, at<br />
or near Pontefract, where he received his early education. He<br />
subsequently entered the medical profession and studied at Dublin,<br />
Edinburgh, and London, as well as in Germany. At Broughtou,<br />
not then so closely joined to Manchester, he took up his residence<br />
and soon established an extensive practice, being elected a Fellow<br />
of the Koyal College of Surgeons in 1859. His health beginning<br />
to fail, about 1875 he gradually withdrew from practice, and about<br />
two years ago removed to Withington.<br />
By his death the botanical world loses one of its oldest<br />
members, whose name will be less familiar to the present generation<br />
than it was to botaniste of two or three decades ago, but<br />
which still holds a place amongst many who have made British<br />
plants, and more particularly British mosses, their study. It will<br />
always be to Broughton that the recollections of his old friends will<br />
turn as the spot made familiar by his vigorous personality, and there<br />
yet remain some in whose minds will never be effaced during life the<br />
remembrance of jovial meetings that have there taken place around<br />
the hospitable board, at which he so genially and energetically<br />
presided ; the merry expeditions that have there been planned<br />
the long debates over critical and disputed species, carried on far<br />
into the night under the soothing influence of a cloud of grey<br />
smoke. Very few botanists have been as careful as he was over<br />
the drying and preparation of their specimens, and especially his<br />
collections of Grasses, Carices, &c,, made during the " forties " and<br />
" fifties " were surpassingly thorough and complete. Dr. Wood<br />
employed Richard Buxton to collect for him, and paid the expense<br />
of his journeys into North Wales and elsewhere : he is<br />
referred to, though his name is not mentioned, in Buxton's<br />
' Botanical Guide ' (p. x), as " a gentleman who had just begun to<br />
study botany," in 1839. In later years it was to the Mosses that<br />
he devoted himself with his usual superabundant energy, and he<br />
carried on an active correspondence with Wilson, now preserved in<br />
the Botanical Department, British Museum, and also with Schimper,<br />
Moore, Marratt, and many other collectors ; the youngest if they<br />
showed promise being always welcome to his advice and assistance,<br />
and sure of a series of emphatic lectures on all points of detail.
PLANTS FOUND NEAK KILMANOCK, CO. WEXFORD. 87<br />
He was an occasional contributor to tlie new series of tlie<br />
' Phytologist ' and other Journals, and in 1840 published a<br />
Manchester Flora, entitled 'Flora Mancunieusis' ; but his published<br />
matter represented a very small part of his writing ; it was in the<br />
form of letters that he preferred to exercise his pen.<br />
The death of Dr. Schimper was a great blow to him, and<br />
seemed to accelerate the failure of his own health, already declining.<br />
He lost his old energy, and his sight became so impaired that the<br />
use of the microscope, and finally of books, became impossible.<br />
But to the last he felt a lively interest in what others were doing,<br />
especially in the Manchester Cryptogamic Society ; he loved to<br />
recapitulate stories of old rambles, and adventures, and disputations<br />
of former days ; and an excellent memory which still served him<br />
well was always ready to recall the past and portray in picturesque<br />
language the doings in which he had taken a part.<br />
H. BOSWELL.<br />
PLANTS FOUND NEAR KILMANOCK, CO. WEXFOED.<br />
Bv G. Bareett- Hamilton and L. S. Glascott.<br />
During the past year (1889) we have continued our botanical<br />
excursions into the counties surrounding Kilmanock and Alderton.<br />
The extent of country covered by these expeditious has been much<br />
larger than in the years 1887 and 1888, extending from Inch in<br />
the north to Carnsore in the south of Wexford, and including also<br />
a portion of Kilkenny and Waterford. The results have, however,<br />
been much less than before, especially as the weather has been<br />
very unfavourable for botanical expeditions. Nevertheless, a few<br />
additions to the districts of the ' ' Cybele Hibernica will be found in<br />
the following list. When a plant is new to a district an asterisk is<br />
prefixed. We have again to offer our hearty thanks to Mr. A. G.<br />
More for the great assistance which he has rendered us, and also<br />
to Mr. C. B. Moffat, of Ballyhyland, Co. Wexford.<br />
In the County of Wexford, District 4 —<br />
:<br />
Lepidium Smithii Hook. About Chapel Station.<br />
\lleseda lutea L. One fine plant in the middle of a field on<br />
Fisherstown Hill, near Alderton.<br />
Viola Cnrtmi Forst. Rosslarc and Duncannon ; plentiful.<br />
Lychnis vespertina Sibth. About Fethard and Carne.<br />
Malta moschata L. At Inch and Camolin Stations. — f-1/.<br />
riituntlifolia L. Near the extreme end of Carnsore Point.<br />
TrifoUum fraciifomn L. Near *' The Pill,"''= Alderton.<br />
I^ijipuris rulr/ari.s L. This plant seems rare in the county. The<br />
only localities at present known for it are— (1.) At Kilmanock, in<br />
two different places ; (2.) In the Pill of Rathdooney, Eosslare.<br />
* The term "Pill" is locally applied to the brackish creeks through which<br />
email streams discharge themselves into the estuary.
88<br />
Galium Mollngo I L. In two fields near Alderton very sparingly,<br />
and probably introduced.<br />
Dipsacus sylvestn's L. By the roadside between Wellington<br />
Bridge and Eosegarland.<br />
ICiclwrium Intijhus L, This plant occurs in many fields in the<br />
neighbourhood of Kilmanock. • It is probably not native in any of<br />
its localities.<br />
ICuscuta Trifolii Bab. Abundant in one field near Alderton,<br />
overlooking the Kiver Barrow. Although growing on every kind<br />
of plant of trefoil, vetch and knapweed, it showed a decided<br />
preference for thistles, upon which it especially flourished. The<br />
field had not been disturbed for years.<br />
Lycopsis arvensis L. On the sands at Fethard.<br />
Echium imhjare L. Two or three plants grow by the railway, a<br />
little east of Bree Hill.<br />
Orohanche Piapium Thuill. In two localities by the roadside<br />
between New Boss and Kilmanock. \0. minor L. Near Chapel.<br />
Lamium incisum. Willd. A considerable patch of this plant<br />
grows on and at the foot of the road-fence near Dunmair Bog.<br />
lAnatjallis arvensis L., var. ccBruJe-i. A very fine plant was found<br />
last year, in the garden at Kilmanock.<br />
Beta maritiwa L. Fethard. Also on the embankment at<br />
Kilmanock, about ten miles from the open sea.<br />
Kiimex Hydrolapathum Huds. The locality given for this plant<br />
last year (Journ. Bot. 1889, p. 6), was accidentally printed<br />
" Lickerstown." It sliould be Fisherstovvn.<br />
Eu/ihorbia porthmdica Jj. The locality given last year (Journ.<br />
Bot. 1889, p. 6), was a mistake. The plant has, however, since<br />
been fonnd on the embankment at Kilmanock.<br />
Callitriche hamidata Kutz. In the Augnaglaur River, near<br />
Chapel.<br />
\Anacharis Alsinastrum Bab. Plentiful in one of " the Island"<br />
drains at Kilmanock.<br />
Allium vineale L. By the pond and on the embankment at<br />
Kilmanock.<br />
Lemna trisulca L. In the old flaxpools at Kilmanock. Also<br />
plentiful in the Pill of Rathdooney at Eosslare.<br />
Carex vulpina L. By the roadside near Eosslare.<br />
Gh/ceria aquatica Sm. Plentiful in some of the large drains<br />
near New Eoss.<br />
In the County of Waterford, District 2 :<br />
Cochlearia danica L. Dunmore East.<br />
\jE(jopodium Podar/raria L. In the garden at Ballydavid.<br />
IGaiium Molliujo L. By the avenue at Blenheim.<br />
Lemua trisulca L. Kilbarry Bog, near Waterford. — L, gibha.<br />
Plentiful in Kilbarry Bog.<br />
Carex riparia Curt. Kilbarry Bog.<br />
In the County of Kilkenny, District 3 :<br />
''Cochlearia anglica L. A few plants in the marsh by the mill at<br />
8nowhill.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 89<br />
*Crithmu)n viarithmuu L. On the rocks by the river Suir at<br />
Snowhill.<br />
Scropliularia aquntica L. By a stream near Snowhill.<br />
^Mentha rotundij'ulia L. Roadside near Suowliill.<br />
Sawoliis Valerandi L. Snowhill.<br />
Armcria maritima Willd. Plentiful by the Suir near its junction<br />
with the Barrow.<br />
-'Juncus maritimns Sni. Plentiful by the Suir at Snowhill.<br />
Scirpus Savii S. et M. Snowhill.<br />
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BEITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 56.)<br />
Noehden, George Henry (1770-1826) : b. Gottingen, 23rd Jan.<br />
1770; d. London, 14th March, 18-26. LL.D., 1796. F.L.S. ,1800.<br />
Vice- Secretary, Hort. Soc. Librarian, Brit, Mus., 1820. Contrib.<br />
to Eng. Bot. 738, 858. 'Varieties of Citrus,' Trans. Hort. Soc.<br />
iii. Appx. R. S. C. iv. 6<strong>31</strong> ; Rose; Hoefer.<br />
Noel, Lady Elizabeth (17<strong>31</strong>-1801): b. London?, 17<strong>31</strong>; d. Bath,<br />
18U1 ; bur. Exton, Rutland, 10th Dec. 1801. Eldest sister of<br />
the following. Contributed to Withering's 'Arrangement'<br />
(ed. 3, i. ix., iv. 145). MS. Flora of Rutland in possession of<br />
Col. E. A. Noel at Duflield.<br />
Noel, Henry, 6th Earl of Gainsborough (1743-1798) : b.<br />
Exton, Ruthmd, 19th April, 1743; d. 8th April, 1798; bur.<br />
at Exton. Hon. Memb.L.S., 1788. Succeeded to Earldom,<br />
1759. Herbarium in possession of Lord Gainsborough at Exton.<br />
Contrib. to Eng. Bot. (50, 1188). Portraits in possession of the<br />
family, at Exton and Dutheld.<br />
Norris, Sir William (fi. 1849). Recorder at Penang. Sent plants<br />
from Mount Opbn- to Gardner. Journ. Bot. 1849, 328. Nornsia<br />
Gardn.<br />
North, Frederick, 5th Earl of Guildford (c. 1766-1827) : b.<br />
c. 1766; d. 14th Oct. 1827. D.C.L., Oxon, 1793, LL.D,,<br />
Camb,, 1821. F.R.S., 1794. M.P., Banbury, 1792, Sec, of<br />
State, Corsica, 1795. Governor of Ceylon, 1798-1805. Sent<br />
Ceylon plants to Banks.<br />
North, Richard (11. 1759). Nurseryman, of Lambeth. 'Treatise<br />
on Grasses' and ' Gardeners' Catalogue,' 1759. Johnson. Hist.<br />
Card. 215 ; Pritz. ed. i, 213.<br />
Notcutt, William Lowndes (d, before 1871). Lived at Davcntry,<br />
Faroliam, aiul Chellenhain. Grandson of tlie following. ' Handbook<br />
Brit. Plants,' 1865. Contrib. to Phyt. i. and ii. on Daveu-<br />
try, Farcham, and Ipswich plants. Jacks. 237 ; R. S. C. iv.<br />
646 ; Top. But. 552.<br />
Notcutt, William Russel (d. before 1802) : d. Surinam, before
90 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
1802. Of Ipswich. F.L.fci., 17UG. Lectured on Chemistry,<br />
New College, Hackney, 179G. Eng. Bot. 10^9.<br />
Nowell, John (18029-18G7) : b. 1802?; d. Todmorden, Yorksh.,<br />
28th Oct. 1867. Of Todmorden. Twister-in. Muscologist.<br />
Discovered Cinclidium styi/inin in 1836, Eng. Bot. 2840. Contrib.<br />
to Baines' ' Fl. Yorksh.'' (1840), and wrote 'Mosses' in Suppl.<br />
to same (1854). Windsor, ' Fl. Cravoniensis,' vii. Buxton,<br />
Bot. Guide, x., xiv. Correspondent of Wilson : letters in Wilson<br />
Corresp., Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Jacks. 262 ; Cash, 102.<br />
Nuttall, John (d. 1849-50). Of Tithewer, Co. Wicklow. Arbori-<br />
culturist. Knew Irish plants well. Journ. Bot. 1850, 94.<br />
Nuttall, Thomas (1786-1859) : b. Long Preston, Settle, Yorksh.,<br />
5th Jan. 1786 ; d. St. Helen's, Lane, 10th Sept. 1859. Printer.<br />
F.L.S., 1813. Emigrated to Philadelphia, 1807 ; Upper Missouri,<br />
1811; Arkansas, 1818; Snake Eiver, 1834; Sandwich Isles<br />
and Monterey, 1836. Prof. Bot., Harvard, 1834. Eeturned to<br />
England, 1842. 'Genera of N. American PI.,' 1818. Studyset<br />
bought by Brit. Mus. : sets also at Kew, Harvard, and<br />
Philadelphia. Pritz. 235; Jacks. 587; E. S. C. iv. 650;<br />
Whittle, ' Blackburn as it is,' 1853, 194 ; Cott. Gard. xxiii. 7,<br />
849; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1860, xxvi. ; Journ. Bot. 1841, 108.<br />
Nuttallia Torr, & Gray.<br />
Ogilby, Alan (fl. 1471). Of Scotland. Eesided in Constantinople<br />
and Venice. ' De virtutibus herbarum,' in 6 books. Pult. ii. 2;<br />
Haller, i. 245 ; Tanner, 560.<br />
Ogilby, Leslie (fl. 1845). Of Dublin. Connemara Plants, Phyt.<br />
ii. 345. Contributed to ' Irish Flora,' pref. p. x. E. S. C. iv. 63.<br />
Ogilvie, George (fl. 1780). Collected in Guinea. PI. in Herb.<br />
Mus. Brit.<br />
Ogilvie -Forbes, George {oliia Ogilvie) (1820-1886): b. Aberdeen,<br />
1820; d. Boyndie, near Banff, 25th June, 1886. A.M.,<br />
Aberdeen, 1839. M.D., Edinb., ]842. F.B.S.Ed. Lect.<br />
Physiology, Univ. Aberdeen, 1860-77. 'Genetic Cycle,' 1861.<br />
' Nature of Ferns,' One of founders of Scottish Cryptogamic<br />
Soc. E. S. C. iv. 664 ; Scott. Nat. 1887, 1.<br />
Oglander, John (1778 ?-1825) : b. Brading, I. of Wight?, 1778;<br />
d. Oxford, 30th Oct. 1825 ; bur. Merton College, Oxford.<br />
Muscologist. M.A., Oxon, 1804. Sub-warden of Merton Coll.,<br />
1824. Contributed Mosses to Burton's Midland Flora, Appen-<br />
dix, 95, &c.<br />
Oldfield, Augustus (fl. 1863). "A zealous collector, and a careful<br />
and acute observer," Fl. Tasm. cxxvii. Fl. Austral, i. 14=:=.<br />
Lasiopetidum Oldjicldu F. v, M.<br />
Oldham, Richard (1837-1864) : b. 1837 ; d. and bur. Amoy,<br />
13th Nov. 1864. Botanical collector in Eastern Asia, Plants<br />
at Kew, Brit. Mus., &c. Journ. Linn, Soc. ix. 163; Journ.<br />
Bot. 1866, 239. Dcsmodimn Oldhawi Oliv.<br />
Oldham, Thomas (1816-1878) : b. Dublin, May, 1816 ; d, Eugby,<br />
20th July, 1878. M.D. F.G.S., 1843. F.E.S., 1848, On<br />
Geological Survey, Ireland, 1839 ; Director, 1846. Prof. Geol.
SHORT NOTES. 91<br />
Univ., Dublin, 1845. Pres. Geol. !Soc. Ireland, 1848. Director,<br />
Indian Geol. Survey, 1850-1876. 'Fossil Flora of Rajmahal<br />
Series' (with J. Morris). R. S. C. iv. G72 ; viii. 528; Proc.<br />
Geol. Soc. 1878-9, 46 ; Jacks. 190. Oldhamia Forbes.<br />
O'Meara, Rev. Eugene (c. 1815-1880): b. circ. 1815; d. Newcastle<br />
Lyons, Co. Dublin, 20th Jan. 1880. U.K., Dublin, 1858.<br />
A founder of Dublin Microscopical Club. Diatomist. Journ.<br />
Dot. 1880, 128 ; R. S. C. iv. 684 ; viii. 530.<br />
Ondaatje, William Charles (d. 1888) : d. Eastbourne, Oct. 1888.<br />
Surgeon. Of Colombo, Ceylon. F.L.S., 1882. R. S. C. viii. 5<strong>31</strong>.<br />
Ordoyno, Thomas (fl. 1807). Nurseryman. Of Newark. 'Flora<br />
Nottinghamiensis,' 1807. Pritz. 237 ; Jacks. 258.<br />
Oudney, Walter (1790-1824) : b. near Edinburgh, Dec. 1790 ;<br />
d. Murmur, W. Soudan, Africa, 12th Jan. 1824. M.D.,Edinb.,<br />
1817.<br />
biu-gh.<br />
African traveller. Naval surgeon. Practised in Ediu-<br />
In N.W. Africa, 1821-1824. Denham and Clai^perton,<br />
' Narrative of Travels,' 1828. Plauts in Brit. Mus. Journ.<br />
Linn. Soc. xvii. 328; Jacks. 346; Memoir by Rev. T. Nelson,<br />
1830. Oudneya Br.<br />
Oxley, Thomas (fl. 1847-1858). Of Singapore. Entomologist.<br />
' Botany of Singapore,' Journ. Ind. Archipel. iv. 1850, 436.<br />
Journ. Bot. 1857, 1 ; R. S. C. iv. 730.<br />
Page, William Bridgewater (fl. 1817). Nurseryman. Of South-<br />
Prodronuis ampton. '<br />
Pritz. 239 ; Jacks. 415.<br />
Paley, Frederick Apthorp (1816-1888) :<br />
of PI. in Southampton Bot. Gard.,' 1817.<br />
b. Easingwold, Yorksh.,<br />
1816; d. Bournemouth, 11th Dec. 1888; bur. Cambridge.<br />
Classical scholar. B.A., Camb., 1838. M.A., 1842. LL.D.,<br />
Aberdeen, 1883. ' Wheat ears,' 1859. ' Wild Flowering PI. of<br />
Peterborough,' 1860. ' Wild Flowers of Dover.' ' Fl. PI. of<br />
Barnes Common,' 1882. Jacks. 589; 'Athenaeum,' 1886, 813.<br />
Palgrave, Thomas (c. 1805-c. 1869) : b. Norfolk, circ. 1805 ; d.<br />
circ. 1869. Solicitor, of Liverpool. Cousin of Sir W. Hooivcr.<br />
Muscologist, as a schoolboy in 1818, and in late life. Correspondent<br />
of Wilson. Letters (1856-1869) in Wilson's Correspondence<br />
in Herb. Mus. Brit.<br />
Palmer, Rev. S. (fl. 1829). Of Chigwell, Essex. Contributed to<br />
Mag. Nat. Hist. 1829, 212.<br />
(To be continued.')<br />
SHORT NOTES.<br />
A PoTAMOGETON NoTE.—In this Journal for 1889 (p. 377), Mr.<br />
G. C. Druce records, on tlie faitli of a specimen in Herb. Sherard<br />
at Oxford, that the " Potamogiton folio angusto pellucide fere<br />
gramineo " of the 3rd ed. of Ray's ' Synopsis,' is a state of/', crispm<br />
L. In the Linnean IIerl)ariuiii is a specimen so named, with a<br />
pencil note by Sir. J. E. Smith, " Fl. Brit. 86. 10. (jyaminnis Linn. ?<br />
Not an original specimen." This specimen is, as llartmanu
92 FLORA OF SUFFOLK.<br />
correctly determiued, P. Friesii Rup. = P. pusillus major Fries =;<br />
P. wucronatus Auct. Yet Smith lias it under lucevs, with a query,<br />
in one book ; and under hetemjihijUns, with a query, in another !<br />
Here is an example of how utterly untrustworthy these names are<br />
without specimens. Smith's own herbarium gives no help or clue<br />
to any of these plants. Arthur Bennett.<br />
PoTAMOGETON TucKERMANi Robbins (1868). — As our American<br />
friends are much exercised respecting the earliest names their<br />
plants ought to bear, it may be well to record that this species is<br />
the P. confervoides of Eeicbenbach's ' Icones,' vol. 7, according to<br />
Gay's herbarium at Kew. As Eeichenbach describes it, I suppose<br />
it must bear his name, which is certainly more appropriate than<br />
most names are. Arthur Bennett.<br />
Pringsheimia Rke.—The fact is not mentioned in the review of<br />
Eeinke's 'Atlas Deutscher Meeresalgen' in your last number, and<br />
appears to have escaped the notice of other algologists, that the<br />
name Pruuisheimia has already been appropriated by H. C. Wood<br />
(' Contribution to the History of the Freshwater Algse of North<br />
America,' p. 195), for a genus of CEdogoniacfe. If, therefore,<br />
Eeinke's genus is to be retained, some other name must be found<br />
for it. Alfred W. Bennett.<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
The Flora of Suffolk ; a Toj)0(jrapMcal Enumeration of the Plants<br />
of the County, showing the Results of former Observations and<br />
of the most recent Researches. By W. M. Hind, LL.D.<br />
map.<br />
London : Gurney & Jackson. 8vo, pp. xxxiv. 508 ;<br />
An Account of the Flowerivrj Pla)its, Ferns and Allies of Harleston<br />
[Norfolk] . Compiled and edited by the Eev. Francis<br />
William Galpin, M.A., F.L.S. London: Bartlett & Co.<br />
8vo, pp. 157.<br />
The second of these volumes was prepared for the members of<br />
the Harleston Botanical Club, to whom it is dedicated. It contains<br />
certain features, such as " Hints to Collectors " and notes on<br />
books dealing with British botany in general, which are not usual in<br />
local floras, bat which are likely to be useful to those for whom it is<br />
specially intended. The introduction deals with local features,<br />
climatic, geological and botanical. The enumeration of plants<br />
makes no pretence to be critical, but gives an impression of care<br />
and of accuracy in small matters ; while the clean typography and<br />
careful printing prepossess one in favour of the book. The "abbreviations<br />
" employed to denote contributors and records are<br />
needlessly puzzling. " WA," for example, stands for ' Withering's<br />
Arrangement'; "DC," for *A Catalogue of Plants found in<br />
Dickleburgh '<br />
! and so on. The nomenclature has been to a great<br />
extent brought up to date. A large portion of the six (not eight, as<br />
stated by Dr. Hind) mile radius from Harleston, to the investigation<br />
of which the Botanical Club devotes itself, is in Suffolk
FLORA OF SUFFOLK. 93<br />
hence notice of Mv. Galpin's book in connection with Dr. Hind's<br />
more ambitious ' Flora.'<br />
Of Dr. Hind's book, the very opposite must be said, so far as<br />
printing and general get-up are concerned. It is desirable to enter<br />
a protest as to the cumbrousness which is becoming too frequent<br />
in local floras, and which is as unnecessary as it is objectionable.<br />
The local printer has hardly been well advised in binding his<br />
advertisement into the volume, although he is less to blame than<br />
those who supervised the work. The type employed for the names<br />
of orders and genera is ridiculously large, and the arrangement by<br />
which (as on p. 365 and elsewhere) the name of an order, a genus<br />
or a species of plant appears by itself on the last line, the remainder<br />
of the information following overleaf. The volume is further disfigured<br />
by printer's " ornaments " of the crudest kind, and weighs<br />
2 lbs. 6 oz.^no trifling drawback to its use in the field on a<br />
summer's day !<br />
The Flora proper, although it can hardly take a place in the<br />
first rank, is nevertheless a valuable addition to our list of such<br />
works, and bears evidence of careful compilation, although it somewhat<br />
lacks in that personal and intimate knowledge of the plants<br />
enumerated which renders Mr. Archer Briggs's Flora of Plymouth so<br />
valuable and interesting. Prof. Babington and Mr. Baker have<br />
afforded " very special assistance " with the Piubi and Roses ; and<br />
Mr. Arthur Bennett has helped in "many ways," though we are<br />
not told that the Potamogetons have been named by him. Dr.<br />
Churchill Babington and the Eev. E. Skepper left material of<br />
which Dr. Hind, with due acknowledgment, has made good use.<br />
Suffolk, indeed, as appears from the interesting chapter on " The<br />
Progress of Botanical Study " in the county, has received its fall<br />
share of attention. Turner, Gerard, Parkinson, Ray, Buddie and<br />
Smith, all record plants for the county ; while such local botanists<br />
as the Cullums, Pitchford, Dawson Turner, Lilly Wigg, Henslow,<br />
and the Pagets have contributed to make its flora better known.<br />
F. K. Eagle is hardly correctly described (p. 487), as "of the<br />
beginning of the present century," as he did not die until 1856;<br />
and "the genus Cullumia-Lisianthus" (p. 478) is a curious<br />
misprint. The number of herbaria of Suffolk plants in existence<br />
is noteworthy, and Dr. Hind has made good use of them.<br />
An interesting feature of the book is the " PaliBontological<br />
liotany of Suffolk," based on the researches of Mr. Clement Reid<br />
in the Cromer Forest bed ; the comparison of the Suffolk Flora<br />
with that of Holland is useful, although it might have been more<br />
complete. It is to be regretted that Dr. Hind has taken upon<br />
himself to alter certain names, as in substituting Kpithijimis for<br />
Epitliijiiinin, " as the latter is incorrect in form." And it would<br />
have been well to have given the local English names in actual<br />
use, and to have omitted such monstrosities as " Boehmer's<br />
Phleura" and " Pucll's (sic) Vernal Grass" (p. 887). The<br />
districts into which the Flora is divided arc the recognised parliamentary<br />
divisions of the county, and are thus of no value whatever<br />
for botanical purposes.
94 ARTICLES IN JOURN'ALS.<br />
Dr. Hind tells us that his Flora is " not to be regarded as a<br />
complete and exhaustive work; it is only a step onward." We<br />
hope that the new Flora when it comes may combine the painstaking<br />
ability of the present author with a greater regard for<br />
portabihty and for typographical details than is manifested by the<br />
present volume.<br />
We wish to call the attention of our readers to the ' Illustrated<br />
Monograph of British Hieracia,' by Mr. F. J. Hanbury, of which<br />
two parts have already been issued. A critical notice is deferred<br />
until the work has made further progress ; meanwhile, we cannot<br />
reh'ain from expressing our admiration of the plates, which take<br />
rank among the most beautiful productions of the kind. Three<br />
and although the cost of the work,<br />
are issued with each number ;<br />
—6s. each part,—is somewhat high, it is easy to understand that<br />
such figures cannot be produced save at very considerable outlay.<br />
The work is issued quarterly, and may be obtained from the<br />
author, Plough Court, 37, Lombard Street, E.G.<br />
New Books. — Asa Gray, Sereno Watson, and J. M. Coulter,<br />
' Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States ' (New<br />
York, R-ison : 8vo, pp.^ 760, 25 plates).— J. E. A. DA^^s, ' The<br />
Flowering Plant,' (London, Griffin : 8vo, pp, 181 : 60 figs. 3s. 6d.).<br />
' —J. G. Boerlage, Handleiding der Flora van Nederlandsch<br />
Indie ' (pt. i. Eanunrulacea—Moruvjacea, Leiden : Britt. : 8vo,<br />
pp. <strong>31</strong>2, index).—J. Haak, ' Observations sur les Eafflesias ' (Amsterdam,<br />
Scheltena : Ito, pp. 8, tt. 4).—A. Berlese & G. Bersadola,<br />
' Micromycetes Tridentini ' Eovereto : 8vo, pp. 103, tt. 6). — G.<br />
Schneider, ' Die Hieracien der West- Sudeten ' (pt. i.— Cunnersdorf<br />
8vo, ijp. 114).— C. VON Ettin'gshausen, ' Das Australische Floreuelement<br />
in Europa ' (Graz, Leuschner : 4to, pp. 9, i. plate).<br />
Articles in .Journals.<br />
Annals of Botany (iv. 13, dated Nov. 1889, issued Jan. 1890).<br />
G. Massee, 'Monograph of British Gastromycetes ' (4 plates).<br />
C. A. Barber, ' Change of flowers to tubers in yi/mphtea Lotus '<br />
(1 plate).—Anna Bateson, ' Change of shape exhibited by tm'gescent<br />
pith in water.' — H. W. T. Wager, ' Structure of nuclei in Peronospora<br />
parasitica (1 plate).— D. H. Scott, ' Eecent progress in knowledge<br />
of Anatomy of Plants.' — M. T. Masters, 'Double-flowered<br />
Ceanotlnis.'— F. 0. Bower, ' Pitchered insectivorous plants.' — Id.,<br />
'Aposporous development in Ferus.' — A. L. Keaue, Lily and<br />
Onion disease in Bermuda. — A. W. Bennett, • A hybrid Desmid.'<br />
Id., ' Vaiicheria-ga.\\s.'— J. B. Farmer, ' Stomata in fruit of //•/*.'<br />
T. Johnson, ' Mi/stropetalon Thomii.'<br />
Bot. Centndblatt. (No. 6). — .J. Freyn, ' Zur Kenntniss einiger<br />
Arten der Gattuug lianumuJns.' — (No. 6). P. Kuuth, • Bliiten-<br />
Biologie und Photograpbie.' — J. Bornmuller, ' Zur Flora Ost-<br />
Bulgaiiens.' — F. E. Kjellman, ' Ueber die Beziehungen der Flora
AKTICLES IN JOURNALS. 95<br />
des Bering-Meeres zu der des Ocliotskiscbeu Meeres.' — (No. 7).<br />
' Z. Schumann, Zur Anatomie des Compositeustengels.' — E.<br />
Herse, ' Zur Eutwickelungsgeschichte der Hjpogaeen.' — (No. 8).<br />
J. Eoll, ' Ueber die Veranderlichkeit der Stengelblatter bei den<br />
Torfmooseu.'<br />
Botaniska Notiser (Jan.). — J. M. Hulth, ' Om<br />
reservnaringsbe-<br />
hallare hos lafvar.' — A. G. Kellgren, ' Nagra vaxtfysiognomiska<br />
anteckningar fi-au norra Dalsland.' — 0. Juel, ' Nagra Mykologiska<br />
forekomstem af subfossila stubbar<br />
notiser.' — E. Sernander, ' Om<br />
pa svenska insjours botteu.'—T. Hedlund, Eanuncnhis paucutamineus.<br />
A. Berg, ' Kritik ofver nagra vaxtformer.' — N. Wille, ' Yderligere<br />
om regnopfangende Planter.'<br />
Bot. Gazette (Jan.). — D. H. Ca'-iipbell, 'Affinities of FilidneaJ'<br />
A. L. Keane, 'Lily Disease in Bermuda' (1 plate). — J. M. Coulter<br />
& J. N. Eose, DonnelhmitJiia (gen. nov. Umbellif.) guatemaleush<br />
(1 plate). Memoir of Leo Lesquereux (Nov. 18, 1805—1889).<br />
—K. E. Wilson, ' Double Flowers of Epigaa.'<br />
Bot. Zeitung (No. 5). — E. Zacbarias, 'Ueber die Zellen der<br />
Cyanopbyceen.'— (Nos. 6-8). J. Bebrens, ' Zur Kenntniss einiger<br />
Wacbsthums-imd Gestaltungsvorgauge in der vegetabilischen Zelle.'<br />
—H. Hoffmann, ' Ueber phaenologische Accomodation.'<br />
Bull. Soc. Bot. Beige (xxviii. 2 : Feb. 7). — F. Renauld & J.<br />
Cardot, ' Mousses Nouvelles de I'Amerique du Nord' (3 plates). —<br />
M. T. Masters, 'Morphology of Rosa herherifuUa." — F. Crepin,<br />
'Les excursions rbodologiques dans les Alpes en 1889.' — E.<br />
Laurent, ' L'existence des microbes dans les tissues des plantes<br />
superieures.' — T. Durand, ' Les acquisitions de la Flore Beige,<br />
1887-9.' — • E. Marchal, Boimnerella trigonospora ' ll plate).<br />
(Comptes-rendus). E. De Wildemau, 'Flore algologique du Congo.'<br />
— F. Crepin, ' Rosa gigantea.' — F. Pietquin, ' Fleur anomale de<br />
Narcissus Pseiido-iiarcissus.' — F. Crepin, ' Eoses americaiues.'<br />
E. De ^Yildeman, ' Hansgirgia jiabelligera.'—A. De Wevre, ' Sur le<br />
Pericycle.' — F. Crepiu, ' Rusa moschata en Arable.' — Id., Rusa<br />
CoUetti, n. sp.—E. Marchal, Didymopanax falcatum k D. acuminatum,<br />
spp. nn. — Maria Goetsbloets, 'Ledum palustre." — F. Crepin,<br />
' Floraisou et maturation dans le genre Rosa.' — Id., ' L'odeur des<br />
glandes dans le genre Rusd.' — E. De Wildeman, ' TnutepoJdia.'—<br />
V. Mouton, ' Ascomycetes uouveaux ou pen conuus.' — F. Crepin,<br />
' Devc4oppement du Pollen dans Rosa.'—A. De "Wevre, *Mucediuees<br />
de la Flore de Belgique.' — E. De Wildeman, ' Phgcopeltis.' — G.<br />
Lochenies, ' Sclta-nus J'crrugineus.' — E. Laureut, 'Influence de la<br />
lumiere sur les spores du charbon des cereales.'—H. Christ, ' Cair.c'<br />
Bull. Soc. }}
96 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON'.<br />
verticilles foliaires des Spergules.' — G. Rouy, Centaurea mirabilis<br />
(C. calcitrapa X 0. pidlata). — E. Prillieux, ^ Pachyma Cocos eu<br />
France.'<br />
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club (Jan.)- — F- V. Coville, U. S. species of<br />
Fidrena. — N. L. Britton, Rusby's S. American Plants {Inga<br />
holiviana, Licania pallida, Hirtella Burchellii, Rubus Rusbi/i, spp.nn.).<br />
E. L. Greene, ' Bibliographical Notes.' — Rhexin aristosa Britton<br />
(1 plate).— (Feb.). J. I. & A. B. Northrop, 'Plant Notes from<br />
Tadousac, Canada.' — E. L. Rand, 'Notes on Flora of Rangeley<br />
Lakes.' — T. D. A. Cockerel!, ' Castilleia.' — T. C. Porter, Aster<br />
Torreyi, n. sp. (1 plate).<br />
Gardeners' Chronicle (Feb. 8).— Cypripedium siamense N. E. Br.,<br />
n. sp. — (Feb. 15). Colchlcum procurvens Baker, n. sp. — ' Garden<br />
Flowers of the Tudor Period.' — (Feb. 22). Trichopilia punctata<br />
Rolfe, n. sp.—W. G. Smith, ' Action of Light on Plants ' (fig. 37).<br />
Journal de Botanique (Jan. 1).—G. Camus, 'Orchidees hybrides.'<br />
—L. Guignard, ' Sur la localisation dans les Amandes et le Lauriercerise<br />
des principes qui fouruissent I'acide cyanhydrique.' — N.<br />
Patouillard, ' Contributions a la flore mycologique du Tonkin.'<br />
Journ. R. Microscopical Sac. (Feb.) — A. W. Bennett, ' Freshwater<br />
Algfe and SchizophyceEe of Hampshire and Devonshire<br />
[SchizotJirix anglica, Rhizocloninm yeminatum, spp. nn.).<br />
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (Feb.). — E. v. Halacsy, ' Beitrage zur<br />
Flora der Balkanhalbinsel.' — J. v. Szyszylowicz, Weinmannia Karsteniana<br />
& W. MarifjuitcB, spp.nn. — J. Freyn, ' Plant® Karoanae.'<br />
—A. Hansgirg, ' Phytodyuamische Untersachungen,' — K. Bauer,<br />
' Untersuchungen liber gerbstofffiihrende Pflanzeu.' — P. Magnus,<br />
'Moritz Winkler' (Feb. 13, 1812—Dec. 21, 1889).—E. Formknek,<br />
* Zweiter Beitrag zur Flora von Bosnien.'<br />
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
February dth, 1890.—Mr. Carruthers, F.R.S., President, in the<br />
chair.—Mr, T. W. Kirk was elected a Fellow of the Society.—Prof.<br />
Stewart made some remarks on the " pitchers " of Nepenthes<br />
Mastersiana, upon which criticism was offered by Mr. Thomas<br />
Christy, Prof. Howes, and Mr. G. Murray.—Mr. G. S. Boulger<br />
exhibited a series of original water-colour drawings of animals and<br />
plants of the Falkland Islands.—Mr. W. H. Beeby exhibited some<br />
forms new to Britain of plants from Shetland.—Mr. C. B. Clarke,<br />
F.R.S., then read a paper on the stamens and set^e of Scirpece,<br />
illustrated by diagrams, which elicited a detailed criticism from<br />
Mr. J. G. Baker, to which Mr. Clarke replied.—A paper was then<br />
read by Mr. B. D. Jackson, which had been communicated by the<br />
late Mr. John Ball, on the Flora of Patagonia, prefaced by some<br />
remarks by the President on the loss which the Society had sustained<br />
through his recent death,
97<br />
NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI.<br />
By W. 0. FocKE, M.D.<br />
Considering the great number of European Rubi hitherto<br />
described, our knowledge of the genus ought to be very complete.<br />
There will be, however, little doubt about tlie fact that exactly the<br />
contrary is the case. Specimens that cannot be named by the best<br />
authorities are of frequent occurrence. In the year 1857, when I<br />
began the study of brambles, we possessed, besides forty or fifty<br />
synonyms and incomplete sketches, less than a hundred descriptions<br />
of European Rubi deserving regard. Since that time botanists<br />
have done much work in the genus, and the mean annual production<br />
of new species may have amounted to fifty or sixty, or<br />
more. In this way the industry of botanical writers has given<br />
us more than 2000 names of European brambles. Perhaps the<br />
variety of these plants may be great enough for establishing such<br />
an astonishing number of different kinds—I dare not say species, a<br />
term which would be not quite adequate, even in its Jordanian<br />
meaning. If, however, considering the manifoldness of Nature, the<br />
facts would involve perhaps no serious objection to the real<br />
existence of much more than a thousand so-called species, there<br />
can be no doubt that the limited capacities of the human mind<br />
would not permit a clear distinction of such a multitude of closely-<br />
allied forms. A student of our brambles will be able to catch,<br />
during the first summer, the distinctive marks of about twenty<br />
species. After some years he may become acquainted with 60, or<br />
100, or even more European brambles; but then it will be very<br />
difficult, if not quite impossible, for him to distinguish every year<br />
twenty new forms more, and to keep them separate from all the<br />
other species he already knows. But if we admit he would be able<br />
to do this, it must be nevertheless a hopeless attempt to follow the<br />
rapid progress of the pretended science describing year after year<br />
about sixty new species.<br />
It is a general rule in science that every one who proposes a new<br />
species must distinguish it from all related forms hitherto known.<br />
At present, in the case of the European Rubi, the most accomplished<br />
erudition cann jt comprehend more than perhaps a third or fourth<br />
part of all described " species." The most ignorant beginner<br />
therefore may fancy that no great difference exists between him<br />
who knows scarcely more than nothing, and the best authorities,<br />
who know not very much. \Vhy should he not give new names, as<br />
many others have done before him ?<br />
The practice of fabricating the mentioned abundance of new<br />
names has been a continental folly. For a long time really scientific<br />
men like Prof. Babington and Mr. J. CI. Baker have been the<br />
leading English rubologists, and their authority has been great<br />
enough to prevent all attempts at following the example of P. J.<br />
Mueller, Gandoger, and others.<br />
Every one who has been occupied in the study of Rubi knows<br />
very well that neither the perusal of descriptions nor the conipari.sou<br />
JuuuNAL OK Botany.— Vol.. '2H. [Ai-iin., iHliO.j u
98 NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI.<br />
of a few dried branches can lead to a real acquaintance witli a<br />
difficult bramble. It would be more instructive to examine the<br />
living plant, but nobody can visit all localities where doubtful<br />
species are growing.<br />
It would be tedious to enumerate all the various difficulties<br />
"which we cannot escape in these researches. The question arises<br />
are we obliged to waste our time in studymg the foolish writings of<br />
every ignorant and mischievous manufacturer of names ? A neglect<br />
of such productions has nothing to do with the esteem we pay to<br />
the work of our true predecessors in science.<br />
Several botanists have thought that knowledge would profit<br />
more from a diminution of the numerous species than fi'om an<br />
increase. Therefore they combined a great number of different<br />
forms, producing in this manner an aggregate species. The easiest<br />
way to escape all difficulties would be to establish a liiibus i>ohjworphus,<br />
as Spanner did. In following his example we either<br />
obstruct scientific research, or, if we admit subspecies and varieties,<br />
we change the terms only. At present we are accustomed to say<br />
Tailim suhercctns, R. plicutus, &c., but it is a matter of mere<br />
convenience if we should prefer to alter this nomenclature into<br />
E. fntticnsits subsp. suherectns and snbsp. plicatiis. Science would<br />
neither be improved nor damaged by this arrangement. In other<br />
groups of our brambles the question is much more intricate.<br />
Certainly the limits of the separate forms are often very difficult<br />
to trace ; but between the aggregate species, comprehending all<br />
connecting links, exist no limits at all.<br />
My own opinion is that in such genera as Rubus, Rosa, Tlierdcinw<br />
and many others, hybridization once has mixed the old species,<br />
with the effect of producing, in the course of many hundred years,<br />
numerous new species of a lower order. At present we see exactly<br />
the same occur in the Rhododendrons, Fuchsias, Begonias, Abutilous,<br />
and many other favourite plants of our gardens. In all the<br />
second-rank species, originated in tlie woods or in cultivation, the<br />
jDollen contains a considerable number of imperfect grains. There<br />
are only three English blackberries which have quite regular<br />
pollen-grains, viz., R. cceuus, R. rusticainis, and R. firatiis.<br />
These views do not necessarily lead to the conclusion that at<br />
present there must take place abundant intercrossing between all<br />
our existing brambles. R. cashis, R. restitus {leiicostachijs), and R.<br />
nisticaniis (on the Continent R. tomentosxis and R. rudis too) are very<br />
much inclined to produce hybrids as well inter se as with many<br />
other species. Everywhere we observe associated with them a good<br />
many perplexing intermediate forms and connecting links resisting<br />
all attempts at classification. We must not fancy that hybrids are<br />
always rare. On the Continent the R. casiiis x Lhciis, a hybrid<br />
which I have produced artificially, is in many districts a common<br />
plant, although it very seldom bears a single fruit, and is usually<br />
altogether sterile. Frequent hybridization, however, is not a general<br />
rule among our brambles. On the contrary, hybrid brambles,<br />
which are not procreated by one of the few species named above,<br />
are of rather rare occurrence.
NOTES OX ENGLISH RUBI. 99<br />
The only way wliicli can lead to a better knowledge of our<br />
indigenous Rubi is the study of the constant species retaining the<br />
same appearance under different circumstaiices and in ditferent<br />
countries. The first rule must be not to name every single bush<br />
and every local form. What we want is a clear idea of the leading<br />
species, and a positive nomenclature which will be generally<br />
understood.<br />
Last summer (1889) I visited some parts of Southern England,<br />
I spent several days at Plymouth, where I was favoured with the<br />
l\ind guidance of Mr. Archer Briggs, who accompanied me to<br />
Bournemouth. Hei*e I enjoyed during a repeated sojourn the<br />
hospitality and the valuable instructions of the Rev. W. Moyle<br />
Rogers. I am very much indebted to my English friends who<br />
Lave introduced me to tlie study of the living British Rubi.<br />
I do not intend to give complete descriptions of the Rubi I have<br />
seen, because my English friends know them much better than I do.<br />
Moreover, I put aside all discussions about local and doubtful<br />
forms, although I suppose several brambles, which I so far know<br />
from a limited locality only, will prove to be frequent in other<br />
places or other countries. My only purpose is to compare the<br />
British Rubi with the continental species. Having seen a good<br />
deal of the English brambles at their natural stations, I can rely<br />
upon an accurate knowledge of the discussed plants. I shall name<br />
the localities where I observed them in a living state. Several<br />
other Enghsh species, which I have seen in dried specimens only,<br />
may be mentioned in case I am quite sure about tlie determination.<br />
A general remark will be of some interest. Many species of<br />
Rubi develop much more compound and more conspicuous inflorescences<br />
near the eastern and northern limits than in the centre of<br />
their area of distribution. The reason of this occurrence will be<br />
easily understood. In a rough climate tlie barren stems of our<br />
brambles freeze down until near the ground. The short remaining<br />
part produces only a few, but very compound and showy, flowering<br />
branches. Such forms have often been considered to be specifically<br />
distinct.<br />
Enumeration of some Species.<br />
I. Stons ylahrons, suhercct, or tjrowiwj in a lihjh arch, rarely rooting at<br />
the end. So glandular seta.<br />
1. R. suijerectus G. Anders.—Seen near Buckland, Lymington,<br />
S. Hants ; Bickleigh Vale, S. Devon.<br />
Continental distribution. W. Russia, S. Sweden (northward to<br />
GO''), and Norway (northward to 02^^ 45') ; the whole of Central<br />
Europe.<br />
2. R. Fissus Lindl.—The true species is a bramble with many<br />
"cleft" (= fissm) or septenate leaves. All parts of it, with the<br />
exception of the prickles only, are smaller than in //. suhcrcftus<br />
the leaflets are often plicate, the stamens do not exceed the styles,<br />
and the mature fruits are purplish. The stem is armed with<br />
frequent straight slender prickles, not confined to the angles, very<br />
different from tlio short ones seen in //. siitirrt. It is a decidedly<br />
n 2
100 NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI.<br />
northern form. I possess a dried cultivated specimen from the<br />
CambriJge Garden, and I have seen dried specimens from Scothind,<br />
and the northern and middle parts of England.<br />
Cant, distrib. Scandinavia, N. Germany.<br />
3. K. suLCATus Vest. — In general appearance this species<br />
resembles very much the R. suherectus, but it may be easily<br />
distinguished by its strong prickles confined to the angles of the<br />
stem, by the short but distinct foot-stalks of its basal leaflets, and<br />
by its large black fruits. It is a taller plant than R. suberectus, the<br />
stems are more angular, and their leaves always quinate; the<br />
flowering branches and racemes are much longer than in the allied<br />
species. The only dried English specimen I have seen was collected<br />
by Mr. Archer Briggs, " By Holsworthy and Thornbury Eoad,<br />
N. Devon, 13th July, 1885."<br />
Cont. distrib. S. Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Austria, Switzerland.<br />
N. Italy, E. (and W.?) France.<br />
4. E. PLicATus W. et N. — A northern plant, which I have not<br />
met with on my excursions in the southern counties. I have seen<br />
a dried specimen, gathered by the Eev. W. Moyle Eogers "on wet<br />
bushy ground in the Lower Bridgerule Bog, N. Devon, Aug. 1882."<br />
In the northern parts of England it is common; the plant may also<br />
be expected to occur on the high hills of the southern counties.<br />
Cunt, distrib. S. Scandinavia, Denmark, Germany, Belgium,<br />
N.E. France. In Switzerland and Tyrol it is a mountainous species.<br />
5. E. NiTiDus W.etN.—This is a somewhat changeable species;<br />
it resembles 11. jdicatus, but keeps in all its varieties its peculiar<br />
appearance. The typical German plant has a compound panicle<br />
armed with strong hooked prickles. A white-flowering variety is<br />
the /('. hiiiiulusus Lefv. et IMuell. (/?. nitidus albijlurus Wh.). The<br />
typical plaut grows often ia brooks, or on the banks of small streams<br />
aud rivulets. The strongest and most decidedly hooked prickles<br />
seem to be the product of a loamy soil. On a sandy ground the<br />
armature of the panicle is much weaker. The I!, nitidus I have<br />
seen with Mr. Eogers and Mr. Briggs in Hants, Dorset, and<br />
Devonshire is generally taller than the German plant; its inflorescence<br />
is narrower ; its prickles are less numerous and falcate (not<br />
hooked); its leaflets acuminate, not simply acute. Notwithstanding<br />
these differences, I see no clear limits between this British form,<br />
which I think the French botanists might call E. intc;/ribasis P. J.<br />
Muell., and the German type, which has not always the striking<br />
characters of the hiDiiulosus-like forms. Much more dift'erent is<br />
Genevier's U. nitidus, called by me B. liolcnjthros, which I believe<br />
will prove to be a distinct species or subspecies. I have seen liviug<br />
plants of R. nitidus near Sway, S. Hants; Branksome, West Moors,<br />
Daggons, and Alderholt, Dorset ; Shaugh Bridge, Bickleigh Vale,<br />
and Plymbridge Eoad, S. Devon.<br />
C
NOTES ON' ENGLISH RUBI. 101<br />
ones are somewhat greyish and felted beneath ; the basal leaflets<br />
are distiuctly stalked. The shape of the terminal leaflet is ovate<br />
or cordate, gradually tapering into a h^ng point. Near Plymouth<br />
(Egg Buckland ; Bickleigh, near Shaugh Bridge) Mr. Briggs<br />
showed me a bramble he supposed to be my It. ojimits, and I tlnnk<br />
his determination will prove to be correct, though the Devon jihint<br />
seen by me is in all parts smaller than the German species. Prof.<br />
Babington at one time thought it might be ll.jissus, but the characters<br />
mentioned above will be sufficient for a clear distinction.<br />
Cont. ilistrib. Denmark, N.W. Germany, N.E. France?<br />
7. E. AFFiNis W. et N. — The figure of this bramble in the<br />
* Eubi Germanic! ' is not good, and it may have misled many<br />
students of the genus. I know the true plant from my visits to<br />
"NVeihe's original stations, and from comparison of his own dried<br />
specimens. The barren stems are tall, erect-arcuate, glabrous, and<br />
remarkable for their very blunt angles and strong straight prickles.<br />
The young leaves usually are white-felted beneath ; the terminal<br />
leaflet is cordate-acuminate. The prickles at the base of the<br />
panicle are remarkably long and slender, the flowers rather large,<br />
the petals usually pale pink. The upper surface of the leaves in<br />
the Dorset plant is somewhat more hairy than I am accustomed to<br />
see it in German specimens. In every other respect the plants<br />
from the different countries exactly agree. I saw U. ajfinis at<br />
several spots near Bournemouth ;<br />
Chine, S. Hants ; Canford<br />
Chine and Gore Heath, Dorset.<br />
Alum<br />
Dried specimens from Norfolk,<br />
sent by the Rev. E. F. Linton, represent exactly tbe same species.<br />
(<br />
'u7it. ilistiih. Sweden (very local) ; N.W. Germany (common<br />
in many districts on sandy soil). The French It. (JarieiiHs Eip. et<br />
Genev. is very near.<br />
II. Stems glah'ous or with scattered hairs, archiiifj, often rooting at the<br />
end. Us2udli/ no glandular seta;, bat tlieg occur occasioiiallg m<br />
the panicle of some species.<br />
8. R. i<strong>MB</strong>RicATUs Hort.—Near It. ajfinis, but in all parts smaller.<br />
The barren stems are arcuate-prostrate and branching, very different<br />
from the high arching ones in It. aj/inis. The panicle is narrower<br />
than in that species. I saw It. inibricatus with Mr. Briggs at<br />
several places near Plymouth.<br />
(Joni. distrlb. W. France. Prof. Clavand has sent me dried<br />
specimens from the neighbourhood of Bordeaux.<br />
9. R. KHAMNiFOLius W. et N. — It is very difficult to say what<br />
is /('. rhamnifotiHH, although I know the typical plant quite well. In<br />
every country, and often in every pruvnice, the rhdiiiiil/hliKsiype<br />
has a somewhat modified appearance. In England, It. rhamnij'uiius<br />
and /('. uinbiosits generally aiu thoiiglit to be very difi"erent plants.<br />
A good deal of the dry branches, however, we see in the herbaria<br />
cannot be arranged with any degree of certainty under one or the<br />
other species. The most remarkable features common to all forms<br />
of the aggregate species are a veiy much branched stem, strong<br />
prickles, a small dentition of the leaves, an unusually lung foot-
102 NOTES ON ENGLISH KUBI.<br />
stalk, and the roundish (bi'oadly obovate, elliptic, or orbicular)<br />
shape of the terminal leaflet. The typical li. rhtoimi/ulim has<br />
angular glabrous stems, a compound panicle armed with frequent<br />
broad-based hooked prickles, and small white flowers. The upper<br />
surface of the leaves is quite glabrous ; the under side is generally<br />
covered with a close white felt, which, however, disappears in deep<br />
shade. Li my var. stcnoplas the prickles of the flowering branch<br />
are slender and decliniug. The English R. rluvmdfoUuB I saw with<br />
Mr. Rogers in several places near Bournemouth has the same<br />
armature as this var. stenopluH, and is distinguished by larger<br />
flowers, and a hairy upper suiiace of the leaflets. Unfortunately I<br />
have never seen the other continental varieties and segregate<br />
species growing at their natural stations. The French 11. dumosua<br />
Lefvr. seems to be near many forms of the English R. umbrosus.<br />
What has been named R. lunbrosiia by Fries is a form of R. Lindelu'i-ffii<br />
P. J. MuelL, I believe. This species has a hairy stem, and<br />
an inflorescence whicli is either quite racemose or has only short<br />
branchlets. R. Muenterl Marss. has leaves green on both sides,<br />
and a narrow inflorescence ; my R. Mdassii is neai'ly the same, but<br />
it has quite glabrous stems. Many dried specimens named R.<br />
mnbrosus, and collected in the northern parts of England, seem to<br />
be quite typical R. Lindebeigil P. J. Muell., and others are not<br />
distinguishable from it. Mucnteri. The R. ninbrusus I saw with Mr.<br />
Rogers near Bournemouth has a compound panicle, and resembles<br />
R. dinriosus Lefvr. As far as I see, there are too many connecting<br />
linlcs between the segregate species to allow a clear distinction.<br />
I have seen the English 7/. rluitiinifolins near Bournemouth<br />
(Branksome, Daggons, &c,), Bristol (Leigh Woods), and Plymouth<br />
(Egg Buckland) ; the R. wnbrosns at Bournemouth, S. Hants<br />
13ranksome and Daggons, Dorset.<br />
Cont. distrih. of the aggregate R. rhamnifoliiis. S. Sweden,<br />
Denmark, N. Germany, N. France.<br />
10. R. cARPiNiFOLius "W. ct N. — I liave not met with this<br />
species on my botanical walks in England. I have seen, however,<br />
many dried English specimens as well at Kew as in several<br />
collections sent by my English friends from Surrey, Warwickshire,<br />
Staffordshire, Yorkshire, &c. They Avere named R. affinia, rliaumi-<br />
fuiiits, incun-dtus, hamusus Genev., or nitidtts.<br />
Cunt, distrib. N.W. Germany, Belgium?, France.<br />
11. R. LiNDLEYANus Lecs.—Seen in S. Hants (between Lymington<br />
and Sway, Milton), Dorset (Branksome, Canford Chine, West<br />
Moors, Gore Heath, Daggons), and near Plymouth. The plant is<br />
near R. vuhfans W. et N,, but I think it can be kept distinct.<br />
Cant. dUtrlb. N.W. Germany (local, but in some places<br />
abundant).<br />
12. R. ERYTHRiNUS Gcuev. R. near Lindleiamts Archer Briggs,<br />
Fl. Plym. p. 112 (last paragraph). The plant seems to be little<br />
known in England, and I hope Mr. Briggs will give a full<br />
description of it. I have seen it with Mr. Briggs at many places<br />
around Plymouth, and with him and Mr. Rogers near Daggons,
VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA 01' NEW GUINEA. 103<br />
Dorset. In N.W. Germany I know a few scattered bnslics, wliicli<br />
I supposed to be Ti. anjenteua AV. et N., and which resemble very<br />
much the 11. eri/tlirinm. I believe there is no real ditferencc<br />
between this species and U. anientens,<br />
i'ont. distrib. France, ?N.W. Germany.<br />
13. R. ARGENTATus P. J. Muell. 7.'. Tf7»^'/7 P. J. Muell. in<br />
Focke Synops. Rub. Germ. p. 196. — Mr. Charles liailey has sent<br />
me a few branches p'athered by him near Lyme Regis, Dorset,<br />
which agree exactly with the German plant.<br />
font. (Ustrib. W. Germany, France.<br />
14. R. GRATUS Focke. — Flowers and fruits very largo ; pollengrains<br />
nearly all regular ; sepals patent after flowering or embracing<br />
the young fruit. The Rev. E. F. Linton has sent me dry specimens<br />
of this species, collected in Surrey, Norfolk, and Derbyshire.<br />
i'unt. distrib. Denmark, N.W. Germany, Belgium.<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA OF NEW GUINEA,<br />
COLLECTED BY SIR W. MACGREGOR.<br />
By J. G. Baker, F.R.S.<br />
Baron von Mueller has sent to Kew a complete set of the<br />
Vascular Cryptogamia collected by Sir W. Macgregor during his<br />
recent adventurous expedition to the highbaids of New Guinea, and<br />
asked me to report fully upon them. The botanical results of the<br />
expedition are of great interest. For a full account of the flowering-plants<br />
obtained, reference must be made to a paper entitled<br />
" Records of Observations of Sir William MacGregor's Higlilaud<br />
plants from New Guinea," read by Baron von Mueller, before the<br />
Royal Society of Victoria, on the 12th of September, 18S9, and<br />
now published in their recently-instituted quarto Transactions.<br />
Out of GI flowering plants gathered in the mountain -zone, at<br />
altitudes of between 8000 and 13,000 feet above sea-level, 38<br />
species appear to be new and endemic. Two of these are new<br />
genera, hrhvcd, allied to Xaudntlwct in Couipositse, and Dccaloni in<br />
EpacridaceiE ; of tiie other enilemic species, 17 shew a northern<br />
affinity. Anaongst these are a Hypericum, a Sagina, a Riihus, a<br />
(ientian, four Vacciniunr-^ and fonr Rhododendrons. Eleven<br />
species, including a Phyllochuliis, a Libocedrus, a Metrosidoros, an<br />
Olearia, and two Vittadinias, are allied to upland Australian and<br />
New Zealand tvpes. Fifteen species are conspecitic with wellknown<br />
Australian and New Zetland plants, such as Mi/onotis<br />
(iii.'itndis, Lilicitid /nilrliclhi, and Astflia (djii)ii(. There are four<br />
Boruean plants, hitherto known only from Kina-bahi. Cosmopolitan<br />
temperate types are represented in the collection by I'ln-tix-<br />
uniin ni/iciittdi', Scirpits ctisiiilosits, Aira (urspitosd, and Fistiicn oriiut.<br />
There is a Himalayan PotnitUla {lcncim to add, a-* I<br />
have been asked about it several times, that " the Daisy " which
104 VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA OF NEW GUINEA.<br />
the expedition collected was not Bellis perennis, but doubtless<br />
either the new Olearia, or one of the two endemic Vittadinnias.<br />
Tlie following is a complete enumeration of the Vascular<br />
Cryptogamia obtained during the expedition, with descriptions of<br />
the new species. I have added in brackets a general outline of the<br />
distribution of the species already known, and the numbers ]pre-<br />
fixed to the names of the novelties indicate their position according<br />
to the sequence followed in our ' Synopsis Fihcum.'<br />
GlEICHENIACE/E.<br />
Gleichenia dicaepa R. Br.—The type on Mount Knutsford, and<br />
also a variety resembling the Javan G. vukanica Blume, with<br />
larger and more copious palefe and frond covered beneath with<br />
ferruginous tomentum. (Australia, New Zealand, Malay Isles,<br />
New Caledonia).<br />
G. flaijellnris Spreng.—The type. Mount Musgrave, alt. 7000-<br />
8000 ft., and near the summit of the Owen Stanley Range. A<br />
variety with much narrower segments, resembling the Javan G.<br />
bracteata Blume, on Mount Knutsford. (Polynesia, Malay, and<br />
Mascaren Isles.<br />
G. dichutovui Hook. — Mount Knutsford. (Cosmopolitan in<br />
tropical and subtropical zone).<br />
Cyatheace^.<br />
48'''. Cyathea Macgregorii, F. M. Record, p. 40. — Caudex not<br />
above 2 ft. long. Frond bipinnate, rigid in textiire, the largest<br />
pinnje in our specimens being 4 inches long by an inch broad<br />
rachises densely or thinly clothed on the upper surface with an<br />
intertangled coat of brown palese ; young fronds clothed copiously<br />
with a similar covering and large ovate-lanceolate whitish or brown<br />
membranous scales on the rachises. Mature pinnules lanceolate,<br />
at most an inch long, ^ in. broad. Tertiary segments round or<br />
oblong, bvillate, rigid, with much recurved rigid edges, enclosing a<br />
single large central sorus, with a fragile globose indusium.—Mount<br />
Knutsford, with Eannncuius amerophi/llns and Decatvca Spence r ii<br />
also Mount Victoria and near the summit of the Owen Stanley<br />
range. A most distinct and interesting novelty. The habit and<br />
bullate tertiary segments with recurved edges recall the very rare<br />
Cheilauthcs spcciosissima A. Br. [Plecosorus mexicanus Fee).<br />
50* Cyathea Muelleri Baker, n. sp.—Fronds ample, tripinnate,<br />
rachis and both surfaces naked, except<br />
moderately firm in texture ;<br />
the midrib of the pinnules above ; upper surface dark green, lower<br />
pale green. Lowest pinnte in our specimen oblong, a foot long.<br />
Pinnules lanceolate, under an inch broad. Tertiary segments<br />
linear- oblong, ^ in. broad, adnate to the rachis, deeply crenate, the<br />
edge not at all recurved. Veins deeply forked in the lower lobes of<br />
the segments. Sori 8-10 to the largest segments.<br />
persistent subentire cup. — Mount Knutsford. Allied<br />
Indusium a<br />
to C. vieduia<br />
lis Sw.
VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA OF NEW GUINEA. 105<br />
HymENOPHYLLACEvE.<br />
15" Hymenophyllum ooides F. M. & Baker, n. sp. — Stipe<br />
short, thread-like, glabrous. Fronds lanceolate, 2-3-pinnate, pendulous,<br />
glabrous G-9 in. long, at most an inch broad; rachis<br />
thread-like. Pinnae very numerous, lanceolate, ascending, those in<br />
the centre of the frond the largest, usually simply pinnate, rarely<br />
with small pinnate pinnules. Ultimate segments obovate, obtuse,<br />
1-nerved, emarginate, crowded, about Jj in. long, more or less<br />
crisped and complicated. Sori small, terminal on the ultimate<br />
segments. Indusium immersed at the base in the lamina of the<br />
segments, its valves cuneate with a rounded margin.—New Guinea<br />
highlands, alt. 9200 ft. A very distinct species, allied to 11. undu-<br />
httiiiii and crispuDi.<br />
H. dilatatuin Sw.—Mount Musgrave, Mount Knutsford, and<br />
summit of Owen Stanley range. (Polynesian and Malay isles.<br />
New Zealand).<br />
H. tunhnd(jense Sm.— Summit of Owen Stanley range. (Cosmopolitan).<br />
H. vmltijidum Sw.—Musgrave range, alt. 7000-8000 ft. (Polynesia,<br />
New Zealand). What is probably an exposed mountain<br />
form of the same species, with contracted fronds and a densely<br />
scaly rachis, occurs on the same mountains.<br />
Trklunnanes htuiiile Forst. ? Camp No. 1. — (Polynesia, Java,<br />
New Zealand).<br />
T. ptillidiiiji Blume.—Mount Musgrave. (Malay and Polynesian<br />
isles. Queensland).<br />
T. riiiidnm Sw.—Mount Musgrave. (Cosmopolitan, tropical and<br />
subtropical).<br />
T. apiifoliiim Presl. — Mount Musgrave. (Malay and Polynesian<br />
isles. Norfolk Island).<br />
T. triclwphijllitm Moore.—Mount Knutsford. (Borneo. New<br />
Caledonia).<br />
T. maximum Blume.—Mount Knutsford and Mount Musgrave,<br />
7000-8000 fD. (Malay and Polynes.an isles, Queensland, Perak).<br />
POLYPODIACE.E.<br />
29." Dicksonia (Patania) rhombifolia Baker, n. sp. — Stipe<br />
and rachis slender, naked, castaneous. Frond oblong-lanceolate,<br />
bipinnate, under a foot long, green and glabrous on both surfaces.<br />
Pinna? sessile, lanceolate, cut down to the rachis into oblongrhomboidal<br />
pinnules \-^ in. long, ^ in. broad, which are truncate<br />
on the lower side at the base. Veining subllabellate. Sori solitary<br />
on the upper margin of the pinnules. Indusium an entire cup of<br />
lirm texture. Near summit of Owen Stanley range.<br />
l>(ivcilli(i hjjnicnopliijllnides Baker, Camp No. 1. — (Philippines,<br />
New Caledonia, Java, Fiji).<br />
L). lUumcnna Hook.— Mount Musgrave, 8000-9000 ft. (Philippines<br />
to Fiji).<br />
D. rc.stita<br />
(Ceylon, Java).<br />
Blume.—Mount Knutsford and Mount Musgrave.
100 VASCULAR CRYPTOflAMIA OP" NEW GUINEA.<br />
D. pinnata Car., var. D. gracilis Blume.—Mount Musgrave.<br />
(Malay peninsula, Malay and Polynesian isles).<br />
24. ;= Davallia (Leucostegia) cicutarioides Baker, n. sp.—Frond<br />
decompound, probably deltoid, bright green on both surfaces,<br />
moderately firm, with slender glabrous polished brown rachisi s.<br />
Lower pinnae ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. long. Ultimate segments<br />
linear, 1-nerved, at most J^^^ in. long, the sterile ones acute, the<br />
fertile obtuse. Sori minute, solitary in the dilated tip of the<br />
segments. Indusium pale, suborbicular.—Mount Musgrave. JMosfc<br />
like the Vitian D. J'erulacea Moore.<br />
Linchoija lohata Poir.—Mount Musgrave. (India to Queensland<br />
and Polynesia).<br />
24.* Lindsaya tricrenata Baker, n. sp, — Stipe and rachises<br />
slender, naked, castaneous, the former 4-5 in. long. Frond<br />
glabrous, bipinnate, deltoid, moderately firm in texture, composed<br />
of few long pinnfe, attaining G-8 in. in length, ^ in. in breadth.<br />
Segments sessile, cuneate, ^ in. broad, creuate on the outer edge.<br />
Veins about B to a segment, each one forked. Sori round or<br />
oblong, placed at the tip of the lobes. Valves of the indusium<br />
narrow, firm, glabrous.—Mount Musgrave. Allied to L. rijida and<br />
horneensis.<br />
Lmimria procera Spreng. — Mount Knutsford and near tlie<br />
summit of Owen Stanley range. (Widely spread in both hemispheres).<br />
Aspleniiim tenenim Forst.—Mount Knutsford. (Ceylon, Malaya,<br />
Polynesia).<br />
A. Lasei])itii/()lium. Lam.—Mount Musgrave, Mount Knutsford,<br />
and near the summit of the Owen Stanley range. (India and<br />
China to Queensland and Polynesia).<br />
A. Liilibianuiii Hook.—Mount Musgrave. (Philippines, Java).<br />
A. latijulium Don. ?— Mount Musgrave. Eachises black. Very<br />
likely a distinct species, but material too imperfect. (India, N.<br />
Australia, &c.).<br />
AHiiidiuiii aruJeatuw Sw. — Mount Knutsford and near summit<br />
of Owen Stanley range. (One of the most widely spread of the<br />
characteristically temperate types).<br />
49.* Nephrodium (Lasirea) simulans Baker, n.sp. — Rootstock<br />
not seen. Stipe short, scaleless. Frond oblong-lanceolate,<br />
bipinnate, moderately firm, under a foot long, 3 in. broad at the<br />
middle, narrowed gradually to the base ; main rachis densely<br />
crinite. Pinuaj lanceolate, h in. broad, the central ones 1-H i"long,<br />
cut down to the rachis into linear-oblong segments J^ broad.<br />
Veins simple, erecto-patent, 5-G-jugate. Sori subcostal,<br />
Indusium persistent.—Mount Knutsford. Simulates in habit the<br />
common American A'. contrriJiiniDii.<br />
N. Fiilc-vKis Rich.—Musgrave range. (Cosmopolitan, temper-<br />
ature).<br />
N. near s/Kirfiuui and chincnse.—Mount Musgrave. Too incomplete<br />
for positive determination.<br />
X
VASCULAK CRYPTOGAMIA OF NKW GUINEA. 107<br />
Pohjpodium piuictatiim Thimb.—Widely spread iu both liomi-<br />
splieres.<br />
55.- Polypodium (Phegopteris) loxoscaphoides Baker, n, sp.<br />
— JStipe short, slender, naked, castaneous. Frond oblong-deltoid,<br />
decompound, a. foot long, moderately firm, green and glabrous on<br />
both sufaces. Lov.er pinnie the largest, oblong-lanceolate subequilateral,<br />
4-5 in. long. Ultimate segments ^V ^^' ^^ng, cuneate<br />
with two veins or oblong with a single vein, with a single sorus<br />
dorsal on the vein in the centre of the segment. No indusium<br />
seen.—Mount Musgrave and 9200 ft. on Owen Stanley range.<br />
Habit of Davallia [Laxoscop/te) (jibberosa and niijresci'ns.<br />
98.* PoLYPODiuji (Eupolypodium) trichopodum F. Mnell. Eecord,<br />
p. 41.— Khizome short-creepiag, ^ iu. diam., densely clothed with<br />
small ovate imbricated pale brown palefe. Stipes very slender,<br />
contiguous, brown, wiry, clothed with inconspicuous fine spreading<br />
hairs. Frond simple, linear, obtuse, entire, 1-2 in. long, ^ in.<br />
broad, narrowed gradually to the base, thick and moderately firm<br />
in texture, clothed with fine spreading brown hairs. Veins erectopatent,<br />
forked. Sori globose, superficial, costal.—Mount Victoria<br />
and Mount Knutsford. Very distinct.<br />
99.- Polypodium (Eupolypodium) mollipilum Baker, n. sp.<br />
liootstock not seen. Stipe slender, brown, wiry, 1-1^ in. long,<br />
clothed with fine spreading hairs. Frond simple, linear, entire,<br />
3-4 in. long, \ in. broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to the<br />
base and apex, moderately firm and thick, densely clothed with fine<br />
spreading brown hairs. Veins forked. Sori globose, superficial,<br />
costular.— Near the summit of the Owen Stanley range. Near L'.<br />
Jliiokeri lirack., and r. lurtiun Hook.<br />
101 '. Polypoiium (Eupolypodium) Stanleyanum Baker n. sp.<br />
—Itootstock not seen. Stipe naked, h in. long. Fronds linear,<br />
obtuse, entire, 8-5 in. long, ^-^ in. broad, very thick and rigid in<br />
texture, glabrous and scaleless, narrowed gradually from the middle<br />
to the base. Veins quite hidden. Sori globose, superficial, medial<br />
between the midrib and edge, confined to the upper part of the<br />
frond.—Near the summit of the Owen Stanley range. Allied to /'.<br />
zi'i/lfi7iiciii)i Mett.<br />
101. -• Polypodium (Eupolypodium) Knutsfordianum Baker,<br />
n. sp.— lihizonie short-creeping, -^^ in. thick, clothed wilh small<br />
pale brown ovate densely imbricated paleas. Stipe very short,<br />
densely clothed with brown spreading hairs. Frond simple, linear,<br />
enlire, 8-4 in. long, \ in. broad, firm in texture, clothed with a few<br />
sjjrcading brown hairs, obtuse, narrowed gradually to the base.<br />
Veins distinct, furnished with 2 short anterior branches. Sori<br />
globose, superficial, forming 2 spacedout rows near the midrib.<br />
j\lount Knutsford. Al.-iO allied to /'. zri/lioiicKiii,<br />
108.* Polypodium ( I'ki polypodium) subselligueum ])aker,<br />
n.sp.— Iioothlvck not .seen. Stipe nak(!d,l!-2 in. long. Frond simple,<br />
linear, entire, thick, glabrous, 5-0 in. long, ^ in. broad at the<br />
middle, narrowed gradually to the apex and base. Veins quite<br />
hidden. Sori oblong, superficial, f-^ in. long, confined to tho<br />
mitldle of tlic frond, placed close to the midrib and parallel with it
108 VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA OF NEW GUINEA.<br />
and reaching nearly to the edge.—Mount Knutsford. Stands on<br />
the hne of boundary between Polypodium, section Granunitis and<br />
Gijwnnfiranone, as understood in ' Synopsis Filicum.'<br />
I\ diminutum. Baker?—Mount Knutsford and Mount Victoria.<br />
Differs a little from the Lord Howe's Island plant in paleae, stipe<br />
and sori, and is perhaps a distinct species.<br />
110.* Polypodium (Eupolypodium) scabristipes Baker n. sp.<br />
—Rootstock not seen. Stipe brown, wiry, scabrous, 2-3 in. long.<br />
Frond simple, linear, entire, 5-6 in. long, ^ in. broad at the<br />
middle, thick, rigid, nearly glabrous, narrrowed to the baye.<br />
Veins forked, erecto-patent. Sori oblong, oblique, rather immersed,<br />
Y^^ "^- lo^o> placed in a row nearer the midrib than the<br />
edge.—Near the summit of the Owen Stanley range. Near the<br />
Malayan F.fasciatum Mett.<br />
111.* Polypodium (Eupolypodium) locellatum Baker, n. sp.<br />
Eliizome shoit-creeping, ^ in. thick, densely clothed with small<br />
ovate-lanceolate pale-brown pale^e. Stipes slender, naked, wiry,<br />
erect, 2-3 in. long. Fronds simple, linear, entire, glabrous, thick,<br />
rigid, 5-6 in. long, ^ in. broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to<br />
the base and apex. Veins hidden. Sori oblong, oblique, immersed<br />
in deep pits, forming a long row nearer the midrib than the<br />
margin.—Mount Victoria. Very distinct in Folypudium, section<br />
(jfraiiiviitts, by its deeply immersed sori.<br />
133.* Polypodium (Eupolypodium) Musgravianum Baker,<br />
n. sp.— Stipes tufted, very slender, nearly naked, -|-1 in. long.<br />
Fronds linear, 1-1^ in. long, ^ in. broad, firm, glabrous, cut down<br />
to the rachis into ovate adnate erecto patent pinnse, with a single<br />
large globose superficial sorus at the base. Veins forked.— Mount<br />
Musgrave, 7000-8000 ft. Allied to P. truJiowonoides and ex'ujuum.<br />
P. blecknuides Hook.—Near the summit of Owen Stanley range.<br />
(Queenshmd and Polynesia).<br />
1\ ohlupuitHiir Blume.—New Guinea highlands, 9200 ft.<br />
India, Ceylon, Philippines, Malay isles).<br />
(South<br />
141.* Polypodium (Eupolypodium) undosum Baker, n. sp.<br />
Rootstock not seen. Stipe naked, wiry, 1-li in. long. Fronds<br />
pendulous, lanceolate, glabrous, simply pinnate, coriaceous, 5-6 in.<br />
long, ^ in. broad, cut down to the rachis into numerous adnate<br />
non-coutiguous obtuse subtrapezoid pinnae, jj-k hi. broad, deeidy<br />
crenate, especially on the upper margin. Veins hidden. Soii<br />
globose, s.qierficial, when mature filling nearly the whole surface<br />
of the pinna).— Mount Musgrave. Near P. Grdiiiuiltidis R. Br.<br />
168.* Polypodium (Eupolypodium) davalliaceum. F. M. and<br />
Baker, n. sp.—Rhizome short-creeping, J^ ^^^- thick, clothed with<br />
small brown ovate-lanceolate palei^. Stipes wiry, naked, 1-2 in.<br />
long. Fronds coriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate, simply pinnate,<br />
6-8 in. long, under an inch broad, cut down to the rachis into<br />
adnate lanceolate or obliquely<br />
entiie or obscurely crenate on<br />
cuneate pinnas ^^^* iV~tV hroad,<br />
the upper edge. Veins hidden.<br />
Sori solitary, immersed near the tip of the pnma) with the edge<br />
folded round them and the tip of the pinna protruding beyond<br />
them.—Mount Victoria and near the summit of the Owen Stanley
VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMIA OF NEW GUINEA. 109<br />
range. A very distinct and curious plant, receding from typical<br />
Puhipod'nim in the direction of Ihivallia, section I'msaptia.<br />
21'i.;= Polypodium (Eupolypodium) bipinnatifidum Baker,<br />
n. sp.— Piootstock not seen. Stipe very slender, 1^-2 in. long,<br />
clothed with fine spreading brown hairs. Froud oblong lanceolate,<br />
bipiunatitid, pendent, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 5-G iu. long,<br />
an inch broad. Pinnaj distant, linear, cut down to a narrowlywinged<br />
rachis into small ovate or oblong lobes, each containing a<br />
single vein and a single globose superficial sorus.—Near the summit<br />
of the Owen Stanley range. Near /'. tornlosuin Baker in Hook., Ic.<br />
t. ]G73, and P. pozoznense Baker in Hook. Ic. t. 1672.<br />
P. niijreacens Blume.—Mount Musgrave. (India to Queensland<br />
and Polynesia).<br />
P. Dijjteris Blume.—Mount luiutsford. (Malay and Polynesian<br />
isles).<br />
P. triquetrnm Blume ?—Near the summit of the Owen Stanley<br />
range. (Malay and Polynesian isles). A plant gathered at<br />
9200 ft. on Mount Musgrave with large uniserial sori filling up<br />
nearly the whole under surface of a paleaceous lanceolate fertile<br />
frond under half an inch broad, may be a contracted montane<br />
variety of this species.<br />
(Ti/iitntiijnDiniie caudiformis Hook.—Mount Knutsford. (India to<br />
Tahiti).<br />
ViWiiid ehiwiata Sw.—Near the summit of the Owen Stanley<br />
range. (Tropical regions of the Old World).<br />
V. Hveata Sw.— Mount Musgrave. (Warmer regions of both<br />
hemispheres).<br />
Taiiltis hlcchnuides Sw.—Mount Knutsford. (India to Poly-<br />
nesia).<br />
Acrostichum hicuspe Hook. — Mount Knutsford. (Java and<br />
Formosa).<br />
SCHIZCEACE/E.<br />
Srhizcea dichotnma S\v.—Mount Musgrave. (Widiily spread in<br />
both Old and New World).<br />
Lycopodiace^.<br />
Lj/copodium llnmiltonii Spreng.—Near the summit of the Owen<br />
Stanley range. (India, Ceylon, West China).<br />
371. Lycopodium Macgregori Baker, n. sp.— Stem slender,<br />
pendulous, copiously dicliotomously forked, a foot or more long.<br />
Leaves lax, ascending, lanceolate, acute, moderately firm, bright<br />
green, ^ in. long. Sporangia placed in the axils of the unaltered<br />
upper leaves.—Mount Knutsford. Nearest the common Tropical<br />
American L. linifolium L.<br />
L. rertirillatum L.—Mount Musgrave. (Widely spread in both<br />
hemispheres).<br />
/>. s(jw(rn).suia Forst.—Mount Musgrave. (Tropics of the Old<br />
World).<br />
L. vdritoii 11. Br. — Mount Musgrave. (Australia and New<br />
Zealand).
110 PLANTS FOUND IN KERRY.<br />
L. cernuiim L.—Near the summit of the Owen Stanley range.<br />
(Warmer regions of both hemispheres).<br />
L. davatum L.—Mount Musgrave and near the summit of the<br />
Owen Stanley range. (CosmopoUtan ; temperate).<br />
L. M'if/Juianuiii Wall.—Mount Knutsford and near the summit<br />
of the Owen Stanley range.) Neilgherries, Ceylon, Java). Doubtfully<br />
distinct from L. alpinum.<br />
L. sciirimum Forst.—Mount Knutsfurd. (New Zealand, Australian<br />
Alps, Tropical America).<br />
L. rolnbU.e Forst.—-Mount Musgrave. (Peaang to New Zealand<br />
and Polynesia). Not included in the new set of specimens.<br />
Selaginellace.p..<br />
Selaginella latifulia Spring. ? — Mount Musgrave. (Ceylon to<br />
Polynesia).<br />
EqUISETACEiE.<br />
Equisctwn dch'de Eoxb.—Mount Knutsford, teste Sir F. Mueller.<br />
(India to Fiji).<br />
It will be seen the number of species of Vascular Cryptogamia<br />
collected during the expedition was 70, and that of these 20<br />
appear to be new and endemic. It is probable that, as Baron von<br />
Mueller suggests, some of these came from a lower level than the<br />
G-I flowering plants dealt with in his paper. The proportion<br />
of novelties is, as might be expected, smaller in the ferns than in<br />
the flowering plants, but to get so many new species as the result<br />
of a single hurried visit, makes one expect great things when these<br />
mountains can be explored more leisurely. As will be seen, most<br />
of the fifty species already known are familiar characteristically<br />
Malayan and Polynesian types. Cosmopolitan temperate types<br />
are represented by Hi/menopltijllum timbridi/eiise, Aspidium aculeatum,<br />
yepliyuilixim Filix-mas and Lijropodiuin clavtitam. In LycopodiaceJB<br />
Li/ciipodiui)i Hamiltonil is a characteristically Indian, and L. vaiiuni<br />
a characteristically Australian and New Zealand species.<br />
PLANTS FOUND IN KERRY, 1889.<br />
By Reginald W. Scully, F.L.S.<br />
Most of the time I devoted to Kerry last summer was spent in<br />
the southern or mountainous portion of the county, several weeks<br />
being divided between Glencar Valley, Waterville and its vicinity,<br />
and Kenmare Bay, more especially its northern side. A short<br />
visit was also paid to Ballybunnion, a small seaside village lying<br />
in the northern or comparatively level portion of Kerry. These<br />
districts would repay further search, and I can only hope that other<br />
botanists may be tempted to explore the more remote portions of<br />
this and other Irish counties where much, I am sure, still remains<br />
to be done.
PLANTS 1-UI:ND IN KEIIRY. Ill<br />
Jitncus tenuis Willd., au addition to the Irish Flora, was the<br />
most interesting plant found ; a note on its occurrence and<br />
locahties will be found in Journ. Bot. 1889, p. 335.<br />
Xid'lla (jracilis Agardh, is also most probably an addition to our<br />
Flora, its only claim to be considered Irish having hitherto been<br />
the unsatisfactory record, " Glencree, D. Orr," where it has not<br />
been found subsequently. I gathered this minute plant, growmg<br />
with Xaiiis jlcxilis, Xitrlhi tnnislueeiis, and .Y. jle.vUis, at the south<br />
end of Caragh Lake ; it came up in some abundance on the mud<br />
adhering to the prongs of a small dredge kindly sent to me by the<br />
Messrs. Groves, which I found most useful.<br />
Scirpus jiarculus R. & !S., was discovered growing in great abundance<br />
along the tidal portion of the River Casheu, above Cashen<br />
Bridge. This lind was the more welcome, since the only other Irish<br />
locality for this Scirpus was the mouth of the Avoca River, Co.<br />
Wicklow, where I fear the plant has been completely destroyed by<br />
the new harbour-works.<br />
A most unexpected plant found last summer was Poli/i/onuui.<br />
(irifoliuin L., a native of Canada and the United States, in low<br />
grounds. I am not aware of this plant having hitherto been<br />
recorded among British aliens. This desperately prickly Poli/-<br />
(jiinuni. was growing abundantly on the dry stony bed of a small<br />
stream at Castle Cove, on Kenmare Bay, about six miles east of<br />
Diirrynane. It occurred within a few hundred yards of the sea,<br />
just iibove tidal influence, and below a small pool apparently used<br />
fur washing clothes by the few cottagers in the neighbourhood.<br />
The I'vlijiiunum was usually but a few inches in length, but some<br />
of the plants I gathered had branches over a foot long. I find it<br />
hard to account for the presence of this small annual here.<br />
Tillage is rare in the neighbourhood, and neither mills nor harbour<br />
near ; however, my further investigations here were cut very short<br />
by a drenching thunderstorm.<br />
Siiiu't/iis hicular Kunth. I was glad to find that this plant has<br />
a wider range than had hitherto been supposed. I found the<br />
Sinict/iis in many spots between Darrynane, its recorded locality,<br />
and Reenronee, a small point in Kenmare I'ay, some eight miles<br />
further east; it also occurred more than a mile inland, about halfway<br />
between these points ; while about Darrynane it extends frona<br />
Lamb's Head on the south, to Sheehan's Point on the north, with<br />
many intermediate localities.<br />
This extreme south-west corner of the county seems also to bo<br />
the head-quarters of Mirrucala Jilifunuis and Curcx punctnta, both<br />
of which arc very abundant here, though the iJarex is almost<br />
restricted to Kenmare Bay.<br />
rHularia i/lobulij'era L., new to the south of Ireland, was also<br />
found last summer, growing sparingly in a few inches of water in<br />
the Upper Lake, Killarncy.<br />
As to the Kerry Potamogetons of 1889, I have again to thank<br />
Mr. Arthur Bennett for his kindness in looking over several<br />
pu/.zling plants. Among tlicse was a large gathering of the<br />
I'liliniKDjrtdii 1 )iad sunt him in 18HS, labelled " /'. ji(ili/
112 PLANTS FOUND IX KERRY.<br />
submerged form," and about which there was then some doubt<br />
however, after examining last year's series, Mr. Bennett seems satisfied<br />
the phmt is rightly named. It is probably the form which Syme<br />
called •' ['. 'pohjiionifulius v. j)seudo-fiuitans," and is a common plant<br />
in most of the Kerry mountain streams. Another visit was also<br />
paid to the River Laune, a regular storehouse of puzzling forms. A<br />
plant gathered in the river near its exit from the lake Mr. Bennett<br />
names P. nitens var. hitifulius Tis. Seeing this curious form<br />
growing on the spot, it seemed hard to resist the conviction that<br />
the plant was a hybrid, with P. jwr/uliatas (which is the most<br />
abundant pondweed in this portion of the river) as one of its<br />
parents. Another form, gathered lower down the river, Mr.<br />
Bennett names P. nitens var. salicifalius (Fr. ?), and says that<br />
some of my specimens so exactly match others gathered by Mr. C.<br />
Bailey in Scotland, near Oban, that they might have been taken off<br />
the same plant ; this form is very abundant in the river. Of the<br />
above two plants, both fresh and dried examples were sent to<br />
Croydon. The chief object, however, of this visit to the Laune<br />
was to gather fresh specimens of the plant sent by me to Mr.<br />
Bennett in 1888, and thought by him to be a form of P. Zizii. I<br />
had gathered this near the Killorglin end of the Laune, about<br />
sixteen miles from the lake, and though last summer I descended<br />
the river six or seven miles, I could find nothing to quite match<br />
the P. Zizii form, its place being here taken by P. nitens var.<br />
salicifoli7is. Mr. Bennett sums up the differences between these<br />
two plants by pointing out that while the peduncles and spikes<br />
(immature) of the 1888 plant belong to the lucens type, those of the<br />
1889 plant are of the nitens type ; and that while the leaves of the<br />
former are only narrowed into the stem, those of the latter are certainly<br />
amplexicaul. I notice also that the long narrow leaves of<br />
the 1888 plant often have the lucens " mucro," while the leaves of the<br />
1889 plant have not. I have little doubt these three Potamogetons<br />
are hybrids, and that several interesting problems in this troublesome<br />
genus are waiting to be worked out in the River Laune. I<br />
am glad to learn Mr. Bennett has succeeded in growing some of the<br />
plants I sent him last summer, so we may hope for some light on<br />
the subject before long.<br />
Several interesting Carices were also gathered, including some<br />
apparent hybrids. More Carex aqaatilis Wahl. was discovered<br />
round the head of Caragh Lake, and what seems the same plant<br />
was found growing abundantly along a small boggy stream among<br />
the mountains, near the head of the Upper Lake, Killarney. The<br />
fertile spikes of this plant were erect, and I could see no veins on<br />
the fruit ; but some of the specimens gathered aj)pear to come very<br />
near to C. acuta, while the whole plant was much greener and<br />
stronger than the Caragh Lake C. aquatilis. A form of C. praox<br />
Jacq. was found, in which the stalk of the lowest spike sometimes<br />
exceeds two inches in length, with the sheathing base of the bract<br />
over half an inch long ; in one specimen gathered, the lowest<br />
spike springs from a bract near the base of the stem, and its stalk<br />
of fully ten inches brings the spike to nearly its usual position in
PLANTS FOUND IN KERRY. 118<br />
C. pracox. Mr. Bennett tells me this form has been called Carex<br />
mollis by Host. In occurred in some plenty on a boggy common.<br />
Sisi/n)icJtiuiii (Diijustifulium Mill. Through the kindness of Lady<br />
Godfrey, of Kilcolman Abbey, I received living specimens of this<br />
plant, gathered near Milltowu, Kerry, early- last June. In Journ.<br />
Bot. 1889, p. 86, I have described an unsuccessful search for this<br />
plant in the above locality, and am glad, therefore, to see that the<br />
Sisyrinchiwn still exists there, our failm'e to find it apparently<br />
resulting from being a month too late.<br />
In the following list, plants marked I. are additions to District<br />
I. of the ' Cybele Hibernica ' and its Supplement.<br />
lAquilegia vulgaris L. A plant or two at Blackwater Bridge,<br />
Kenmare Bay,<br />
^Barharea pracox E. Br. Eoadside near Kenmare.<br />
Arabis sayiUata DC. The typical plant seems rarer in Kerry<br />
than a form which approaches the var. (jlahrata of Syme ; the<br />
latter is the common Kerry sandhill form, and has no doubt sometimes<br />
been mistaken for A. ciliata. I have not yet gathered<br />
typical A. sagittata on any of the numerous sandhiUs round this<br />
coast.<br />
Lepidium latifolium L., is recorded in Smith's ' Kerry ' as<br />
occurring near the head of Kenmare Kiver. I searched the whole<br />
of this rather vague locality last summer, without seeing a trace<br />
of this conspicuous plant.<br />
Ilaphanus maritimus Sm. I. In several places near Darrynane,<br />
and sparingly near the Spa, Tralee, and Ballybuunion.<br />
'^•Silene noctijiora L. I. A plant or two in a sandy field<br />
Ballybunnion.<br />
near<br />
Arenaria serpyllifolia var. leptoclados (Guss.). Along railway<br />
near Killarney.<br />
FAatine hexandm DC. A common plant in most of the lakes in<br />
the mountainous part of the county.<br />
\Malva mosclmta L. Several localities around Kenmare, as<br />
perhaps an escape.<br />
along the River Roughty ;<br />
Trij'olium striatum L. I. Limestone blufl", Kilfenora, Tralee<br />
Bay.<br />
\Prunm insititia L. Darrynane woods.<br />
Rosa arvensis Iluds. By the River Flesk, Killarney ; Blackwater<br />
Bridge, Kenmare Bay, &c. Not a common plant in Kerry.<br />
Pyrus Aria var. rupicola Syme. This variety seems to be the<br />
plant of the Killarney Lakes ; I have not yet noticed the type.<br />
SaxiJ'raya (Ji'um L. I gathered a form of tliis plant with<br />
crenate teeth in several places among the mountains between<br />
Waterville and Darrynane, the extreme south-west corner of Kerry.<br />
In this character the plant approaches nearer to the Spanish type<br />
than to our usual Irish variety which has serrate teeth. Intermediate<br />
states were, however, found with varying teeth and every<br />
degree of hairimss. I found a nearly similar form more sparingly<br />
near Tore Lake, Killarney. S. Iiir.suta L. Near Waterville;<br />
Blackwater Bridge, &c. Not a rare plant, but much less frequent<br />
than S. Geum ;<br />
Journal ok<br />
one may well hesitate, however, seeing the almost<br />
Botany,—Vol. 28. [Ai-iul, lbt)U.] i
114 PLANTS FOUND IN KERRY.<br />
innumerable leaf-forms of these two plants, before picking out<br />
any one of tbem and giving it specific rank.—/S. umhrosa var.<br />
punctata Don. Horses Glen, Mangerton. — Var. serratifolia Don.<br />
Blackwater Bridge, Kenmare Bay.<br />
Drosera anglica var. obovata (M. & K.). I. Large bog in Glencar<br />
Valley ; a rare variety in Kerry, where the typical amjlica is<br />
common.<br />
Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. Along the Blackwater River, Kenmare<br />
Bay ; the only locality so far known to me in Kerry.<br />
\Sarnbucus Ebulus L. Hedges near Darrynane and Ballybunnion.<br />
Rubia peregrina L. Several places about Darrynane and<br />
Kenmare.<br />
Antennaria dioica R. Br. Near the Cloonee Lakes, Kenmare<br />
Bay, a little above sea level. This plant is usually montane and<br />
very rare in Kerry.<br />
'^Senecio vulgaris L., var. For the last two summers I have<br />
noticed a Senecio growing abundantly about the railway-station and<br />
along the line at Killarney. It differs, apparently, in nothing<br />
from the rayed -form of S. vulgaris, except that the rays are never<br />
revolute. I was interested to see the same plant growing plentifully<br />
with S. squalidus about the railway, &c., in Cork; this is no<br />
doubt the plant found here by Mr. Carroll, for which the names<br />
of hihernica and vernalis have been suggested. It has evidently<br />
now spread to Killarney by railway transport, and maintains itself<br />
there unchanged. Mr. N. Colgan noticed this Senecio about Killarney<br />
in 1886, and it seems strange there is still no sign of S.<br />
squalidus, though the latter is the more abundant in Cork. For my<br />
own part, I am satisfied to call the plant S. vulgaris var. radiatus<br />
Koch.<br />
ICarduus 2^ycnocephalus Jacq. About Ballinskelligs Castle and<br />
very rare in Kerry.<br />
Abbey, and sparingly near Ballybunnion ;<br />
Hieraciwn anglicum Fr. Shores of Tore Lake, Killarney ; Paps<br />
Mts. ; and Horses Glen, Mangerton. — H. iricum Fr. Shores of<br />
Lower and Tore Lakes, Killarney, and Paps Mts. H. murontm L.<br />
pt. I. Woody bank near Glenflesk Castle, Killarney.<br />
Lactuca muralis Fresen. I.<br />
I Several plants were noticed, growing<br />
in the shrubberies near Glenflesk Castle, Killarney. I have not<br />
yet found it elsewhere in Kerry, and as it is one of our rarest<br />
Irish species, the plant may not be indigenous here.<br />
Wahlenbergia hederacea Reichb. By the River Roughty, near<br />
Kenmare, and along the Blackwater, Kenmare Bay.<br />
Arbutus Unedo L. Several old and half-dead trees m the cliffs<br />
on the south side of Waterville Lake.<br />
Microcala Jiliformis Link. Very abundant along Kenmare Bay,<br />
on roadsides, wet fields, bogs, &c. ;<br />
round Balhnskelligs Bay.<br />
Blackstonia j^erfoliata Huds. Two or three spots near Ballybunnion<br />
; very rare in Kerry.<br />
\Solanum nigrum L. Sparingly by the shore in one or two<br />
places near Kenmare Bay.<br />
Orobaiiche Hedera Duby. Several localities about Darrynane.<br />
Pinguicula vulgaris L, At about 2200 ft. in Coumloughra
PLANTS FOUND IN KERRY. 115<br />
Reeks ; and at 1400 ft. near Waterville. A rare plant in Kerry,<br />
where P. grandifiora takes its place.<br />
''Mentha sijlvestris L. In the stream below Calierdaniel, Darry-<br />
nane. \M. Puhgium L. By the town wells at Keumare.<br />
Origanum vulgare<br />
Kerry.<br />
L. On limestone about Kenmare ; rare in<br />
Calamintha Clinopodmm Benth. On a limestone knoll between<br />
the Middle and Lower Lakes, Killarney ; a very rare plant in<br />
land. C. officinalis Moench. On limestone about Kenmare.<br />
Ire-<br />
'•Polygonum arifolium L., I. Kenmare Bay (already noticed).<br />
'^Salix pentandra L. Not rare in hedges about West Cove and<br />
Sneem, Kenmare Bay. — S. Smithiana Willd. Common in the<br />
county.<br />
Juniperus nana WiUd. In several places about sea-level near<br />
Darrynaue, with Empetrum nigrum.<br />
Habenaria alhida R.Br. Sparingly in Glencar Valley. — H.<br />
viridis R. Br. Widely spread over the county, but a rare plant.<br />
Simethis bicolor Kuuth. My visit to Darrynane last summer<br />
was too late to find this plant in perfection. By the tenth of July,<br />
several weeks of hot weather had burnt most of the plants to a<br />
light-brown, a tint that aided me materially in discovering the<br />
Simethis elsewhere. This plant seems to love exposed cracks in<br />
the rocky knolls, and sometimes grows in such situations with<br />
leaves more than sixteen inches long by a third of an inch broad.<br />
I found it still flowering, only on the west side of the Abbey<br />
Island, on a slope exposed to the Atlantic. The Simethis grew<br />
here plentifully, but very stunted, pushing its way through a<br />
dense prostrate undergrowth of Ulex and Erica, above which its<br />
leaves were bent and twisted<br />
eaten off by sheep. The Rev.<br />
into every shape, or<br />
E. F. Linton kindly<br />
apparently<br />
sent me a<br />
specimen of the Bournemouth Simethis, which seems a much more<br />
slender and delicate plant than the usual Kerry state.<br />
lAllium Scurodojirasum L. Very abundant in the Darrynane<br />
shrubberies, and sparingly near an old castle at the head of<br />
Kenmare Bay.<br />
Juncus tenuis Willd. Kenmare Bay (ah'cady noticed).<br />
Potamogeton polygonifulius Pour., " submerged form." In<br />
many of the Kerry mountain streams. — P. rufesccns Schrad.<br />
Caragh Lake and River. — P. nitens var. latifolius Tis. River<br />
Laune.— Var. salici/oliiis (Fr. ?). River Laune. — P. prmlongua<br />
Wulf. Near Victoria Bay, Lower Lake, Killarney ; this is also<br />
recorded from the Kerry Blackwater, I fancy in error.<br />
Eriocaulon septangulare With. Very abundant in the Cloonee<br />
Lakes and other lakes about Kenmare Bay.<br />
Scirpus panmhiH R. & S. Near Ballybunnion (already noticed).<br />
— S. ru/iis Wahlb. Darrynaue estuary,<br />
Eriophorum latifolium Hoppe.<br />
Fort, Kenmare Bay.<br />
Glencar Valley and near Staigue<br />
Rhgn
116 BIOGRAPHICAI, INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
— C. divulsa Good. Limestone rocks, head of Kenmare Bay.— C.<br />
aquatilis Walil. Several spots, south end of Caragh Lake ; by old<br />
Kenmare road near Upper Lake, Killarney.—C. Goodenowii var.<br />
juncella Fr. Upper Lake, Killarney. C. limosa L. In most of<br />
the larger Kerry bogs. C. prcecox, form called C. mollis by Host, in<br />
a boggy common between Sherehee and the River Flesk, Killarney<br />
{vide antea).— C. punctata Gaud. Sparingly near Hog's Head,<br />
Waterville, and very abundant about Darrynane and along Kenmare<br />
Bay. C.Jiliformis L. South end of Upper Lake, Killarney,<br />
and abundant round a small lake near it.<br />
Glyceria plicata Fr. Near Waterville.<br />
'Bromus erectits Huds. I. Sparingly in a field at South-hill,<br />
Killarney. This plant, with Crepis taraxacifolia and Linaria<br />
viscida, is spreading with great rapidity along the railway tracks in<br />
Ireland ; the Linaria can, in fact, be already traced along the<br />
ballast, from Dublin to the extreme end of that railway at<br />
island in Kerry.<br />
Castle-<br />
Trichomanes radicans Sw. I was shown some stunted scraps of<br />
this now very rare fern, on Tore Mtn., Killarney.<br />
PIm/opteris poJypodioides Fee. Very fine in a gully on the Paps<br />
Mtn., Killarney, and above Lough Reagh ; Upper Glencar.<br />
Ophioglossum vulgatum L. Darrynane Wood ; and near the<br />
head of Kenmare Bay.<br />
Equisetum vanegatnm var. Wilsoni Newm. On a damp cliff.<br />
Paps Mtn., Killarney, at about 1500 ft.<br />
Pihdaria globulifera L. I. Sparingly at south end of Upper<br />
Lake, Killarney.<br />
Chara fragilis var. capillacea C. & G. Bog-holes near Waterville,<br />
&c. C. vulgaris var. papillata Wallr. Near Waterville.<br />
Nitella gracilis Agardh. South end of Caragh Lake (vid antea).<br />
—N. translucens Agardh. Caragh and Waterville Lakes, &c. — N.<br />
flexilis Agardh, Caragh, Acoose and Waterville Lakes, &c.<br />
My best thanks are, as usual, due to Mr. Arthur Bennett,<br />
Messrs. Groves, Mr. Hanbury, and Mr. A. G. More.<br />
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 91.)<br />
Park, Mungo (1771-1805): b. Foulshiels, near Selkirk, 10th<br />
Sept. 1771 ; d. Niger, 1805. Traveller and surgeon. A.L.S.,<br />
1793. Brother-in-law of James Dickson. Protege of Banks.<br />
to Africa, 1795-1797, 1801-<br />
Went to India and Sumatra, 1792 ;<br />
1805. Plants in Brit. Mus. Life prefixed to ' Journal,' 1805-<br />
1815. 'Life,' 1838. Rees, Suppl. Hist. Berw. Nat. Club, x.<br />
DOJ. Portr, prefixed to ' Travels,' 1799, Farkia Br.
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 117<br />
Parker, Charles Sandbach (d. 1868 or 1869) : b. Glasgow<br />
d. 18G8 or 1869. Of Aigbnrtli, Liverpool. Studied under<br />
DeCandoUe at Geneva. Collected in Dutch Guiana and West<br />
Indies, 1824. Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 147; E. S. C. iv. 758;<br />
Lasegue, 492. Herbarium at Kew. Parkcria Hook.<br />
Parker, John Cowham (c. 1774-1841): b. circ. 1774; d. Hull?,<br />
1841. Wine-merchant, of Hull. One of founders of Hull Bot.<br />
Garden. "An enthusiastic botanist," E. W. Corlass, ' Sketches<br />
of Hull Authors,' 1879, 108.<br />
Parkinson, James (fl. 1780-1833). F.G.S. Surgeon. Practised<br />
at Hoxton. ' Organic Eemains,' 1804-1811. Pritz. 240 ; Jacks.<br />
589 ; E. S. C. iv. 760 ; Mantell, ' Pictorial Atlas of Fossil<br />
Eemains,' 1850, p. 13.<br />
Parkinson, John (1567-1650): b. Nottinghamshire (?), 1567; d.<br />
London, Aug. 1650; bur. St.Martin's-in-the-Fields. Apothecary.<br />
King's Herbarist ('Botanicus Eegius Primarius'). 'Paradisus<br />
Terrestris,' 1629. ' Theatrum Botanicum,' 1640. Had a garden<br />
in Long Acre, 'Theatrum,' 609. Pult. i. 138; Eees ; Pritz.<br />
240; Jacks. 589; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 49, 53. Journ. Hort.<br />
xxviii. 1875, 493, with portr. Portr. by C. Switzer in ' Paradisus';<br />
and one by W. Marshall in ' Theatrum,' re-engraved in<br />
Eichardson's Illustr. to Granger. ParMnsonia L.<br />
Parkinson, John (d. 1847) ; d. Paris, 3rd April, 1847. F.E.S.<br />
F.L.S., 1795. Consul- General in Mexico. Sent dried and<br />
living plants to Kew. Bot. Biol. Centr. Amer. iv. 128 ; Proc.<br />
Linn. Soc. i. 336.<br />
Parkinson, Sydney (d. 1771) :<br />
Jan. 1771. Woollen-draper.<br />
b. Edinburgh ; d. Indian Ocean,<br />
Protege of Banks, with whom to<br />
South Seas in 'Endeavour' as draughtsman, 1768. Drawings<br />
in Dept. Bot., Brit. Mus. ' Journal of Voyage,' 1784 {cfr.<br />
" Preface" and "Explanatory Eemarks": list of plants, 37-50).<br />
Portrait prefixed to ' Jacks. 223.<br />
Journal,' engr. Jas. Newton. Pritz. 240 ;<br />
Parks, John Damper (fl. 1823). Collector for Hort. Soc. in<br />
China and Java, 1823. Trans. Hort. Soc. v. 427.<br />
Pamell, Richard (d. 1882) ; b. Devonshire ; d. Edinburgh, 1882.<br />
Ichthyologist. M.D. F.E.S.E. Orig. Memb. Bot. Soc.Edinb.,<br />
1836. Lived in Jamaica, 1839. ' Grasses of Scotland,' 1842<br />
' Grasses of Britain,' 1845 ; both with figs, drawn and engraved<br />
by himself. Pritz. 241 ; Jacks. 589 ;<br />
Journ. Bot. 1883, 30<br />
E. S. C. iv. 763. Herbarium of grasses at Linn. Soc. Poa<br />
ParncUii Bab.<br />
Parry, Charles Christopher (1823-1890) : b. Admington, Worcestershire,<br />
28th Aug. 1823 ; d. Davenport, Iowa, 20th Feb. 1890.<br />
Went to America, 1832. M.D. Botanical explorer and collector.<br />
On Mexican Boundary Survey, 1850; in Eocky Mountains, 1861.<br />
]jotanist to Agric. Dept. Washington, 1869-71. ' Chorizauthe,'<br />
1884, 1889, and various bot. papers. Friend of Torrcy and<br />
Gray. Herb, at Davenport Acad. Nat. Sciences. Jacks. 689 ;<br />
ll.S.C. iv. 767; viii. 565; 'Garden and Forest,' iii. 120; Bull.<br />
Torrey Bot. Club, March, 1800. Pnms L'arrijana Engclm.
118 BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Parry, Sir William Edward (1790-1855) : b. Bath, 19th Dec.<br />
1790 ; d. Ems, 8th July, 1855 ; bur. Greenwich Cemetery.<br />
Arctic explorer. Kear-Admiral, 1852. F.R.S., 1821. D.C.L..<br />
Oxon, 1829. Knight, 1829. Plants at Kew and Mus. Brit.<br />
'Memoirs' by Rev. Edw. Parry, 1857, with portr. by G. Rich-<br />
mond, 1842, engr. Lane. Parrya Br.<br />
Parsons, James (1705-1770) :<br />
1705 ; d. Bloomsbury, 4th April, 1770 ; bur. Hendon. M.D.,<br />
Rheims, 1736. F.K.S., 1741. Practised in London. 'Microscopical<br />
Theatre of Seeds,' 1744. ' Analogy between Propagation<br />
of Animals and Vegetables,' 1752. ' Pharmacopoeia Edinburgensis,'<br />
1752. Rees; Pritz. 241; Jacks. 589; Munk, ii. 175.<br />
Portr. by Wilson in Mus. Brit. Parsonsia P. Browne = Cuphea<br />
Jacq. Parsonsia Br.<br />
Partington, Charles Frederick (fl. 1820-1838). Editor, 'British<br />
Cyclopsedia.' ' Introduction to Science of Botany,' 1835.<br />
Jacks. 39.<br />
Pasmore, Rev. Henry (d. before 1699) : d. Jamaica, before 1699.<br />
Sent plants to Petiver, Mus. Pet. 46.<br />
Paterson, John Ligertv^rood (1820-1882) :<br />
b. Barnstaple, Devon, March,<br />
b. Midmar, Aberdeensb.,<br />
1820; d. Brazil, 9th Dec. 1882. M.D. F.B.S.Ed.,<br />
1872. Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xvi. 9.<br />
b. Montrose?; d. on voyage from<br />
Paterson, William (d. 1810) :<br />
Australia, 21st June, 1810. Colonel. F.R.S. F.L.S., 1797.<br />
In S. Africa, 1777-79. ' Narrative of Journeys,' 1789. Lieut.-<br />
Governor, Botany Bay, 1800-1810. Collected in S. Africa and<br />
Australia. Brown, Prodr. 303 ; Fl. Tasmania, cxxiv. ; Lasegue,<br />
278, 446 ; Cott. Gard. viii. 329, &c. ; ix. 3. Plants in Herb.<br />
Mus. Brit. Patersonia Br.<br />
Patrick, Rev. William (fl. 18<strong>31</strong>). ' Indigenous Plants of Lanarkshire,<br />
with an introduction to Botany,' 18<strong>31</strong>. Pritz. 241;<br />
Jacks. 255.<br />
Patton, George (1803-1869): b. 1803; d. Glenalmond, Perth,<br />
30th Sept. 1869. Lord Justice Clerk of Scotland, 1867, as<br />
Lord Glenalmond. Chairman, Oregon Bot. Assoc. Introduced<br />
Cupressus Laiosoniana and Abies Pationiana.<br />
1043.<br />
Gard. Chron. 1869,<br />
Paxton, Sir Joseph (1803-1865) ; b. Milton Bryant, Beds., 3rd<br />
Aug. 1803; d. Sydenham, 8th June, 1865. F.L.S., 1833.<br />
Foreman, Chiswick Arboretum, 1824. Superintendent, Chatsworth,<br />
1826. ' Magazine of Bot.,' 1834. Travelled through<br />
Bot. Dictionary,' 1840.<br />
Pocket S. Europe and Levant, 1838. '<br />
Knighted, 1851. M.P. for Coventry, 1854, Pritz. 242; Jacks.<br />
590 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1865-6, Ixxxi. ; Gard. Chron. 1865, 554 ;<br />
Journ. Hort. viii. (1865), 446, with portr. ; and ix. 12. Journ.<br />
Bot. 1865, 2<strong>31</strong>. Paxtonia Lindl.<br />
Peach, Charles William (1800-1886) : b. Wansford, Northants,<br />
30th Sept. 1800; d. Edinburgh, 28th Feb. 1886. Coastguardsman<br />
and geologist. A.L.S., 1868. Neill Medal, R.S.E., 1875.<br />
Papers on fossil plants in Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xii. & xiii., &c.<br />
Proc. Linn. Soc. 1883-86, 146 ; R. S. C. iv. 791 ; Smiles,<br />
•Robert Dick'; Scott. Nat. 1886, 289.
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 119<br />
Pearce, Nathaniel (c. 1780-1820) : b. East Acton, Middlesex,<br />
circ. 1780 ; d. Alexandria, 12th Aug. 1820. Lived in Abyssinia,<br />
1809-1819. Sent plants<br />
New Monthly Mag. 1821.<br />
to Brown.<br />
Plants in<br />
'Account of Abyssinia,'<br />
Herb. Mus. Brit. 'Life<br />
and Adventures,' autobiog., 18<strong>31</strong> ; Salt's 'Abyssinia' ; Michaud.<br />
Pearce, Richard (d. 1868) : d. Panama, 19th July, 1868. Of<br />
Stoke Devonport. Collector<br />
Plants at Kew and Brit. Mus.<br />
for Messrs. Veitch and<br />
Journ. Bot. 1868, 320 ;<br />
Bull.<br />
Gard.<br />
Chron. 1868, 874, 893;<br />
acanthus Pearcei Hook. f.<br />
Journ. Hort. xv. (1868), 134. Stemon-<br />
Pechey, John (1654-1693 or 1717) : b. Chichester, Dec. 1654 ;<br />
d. Chichester, May, 1693, or June, 1717; bur. St. Peter the<br />
Less or St. Andrew, Chichester. B.A., Oxon, 1675. M.A.,<br />
1678. M.D. F.R.C.P., 1684. ' Herbal of Physical Plants,'<br />
1694. Pult. i. 184; Pritz. 243; Jacks. 590; Muuk, i. 433.<br />
Pecheya Scop.<br />
Peddle, Lieut.-Col. (fl. 1840) : Lieut. -Col. 72nd Eegt. Collected<br />
at Natal, 1839-40. Journ. Bot. 1840, 124, 265. Peddiea Harv.<br />
Peete, William (1771-18481 : b. 27th June, 1771 ; d. Bromley,<br />
Kent, 4th Feb. 1848; F.L.S., 1794. Surgeon at Dartford<br />
38 years. Described Silene patens for Eng. Bot. 2748, Contrib.<br />
to Phyt. i. 587. Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 377.<br />
Penfold, Jane Wallas (fl. 1845). Lived in Madeira. 'Madeira<br />
Flowers, Fruits, and Ferns,' 1845 (plates drawn by her). Pritz.<br />
243 ; Jacks. 352.<br />
Penneck, Rev. Henry (1801-1862) : b. Penzance, 1801 ; d. same<br />
place, 24th April, 1862. M.A., Camb., 1830; Oxon, 1847.<br />
Curate of Morvah, 1826. A.L.S. Contrib. to Eng. Bot.<br />
850, 2818, 2845, &c. Had a herbarium. Gent. Mag. 1862, ii.<br />
106 ; Jones, ' Bot. Tour,' Devon and Cornwall, 29, 30.<br />
Penny, George (d. 1838 or 1839). Nurseryman. Of Epsom,<br />
Siurrey. A.L.S. , 1829. ' Hortus Epsomensis.' Proc. Linn.<br />
Soc. i. 36.<br />
Penny, Rev. Thomas (d. 1589). B.A., Camb., 1551. M.A.,<br />
1559. D.D. F.R.C.P.,1582. Prebendary of St. Paul's, 1560.<br />
Entomologist. ''A second Dioscorides," Gerard. Pult. i. 84<br />
Lobel, 'Adversaria,' 368, 394, 397; Cooper, Athena) Cantab.<br />
ii. 78 ; Munk, i. 82 ; Rose. Myrtocistus Penncci Clusius =<br />
Hypericum balearicum.<br />
Percival, Thomas (1740-1804) : b. Warrington, 29th Sept. 1740;<br />
d. Manchester, 30th Aug. 1804. M.D., Leyden, 1765. F.R.S.<br />
Practised in Manchester from 1767. ' Perceptive Power of<br />
Vegetables,' Manchester Phil. Soc. Mem. ii. 1789, 122. ' Works,'<br />
with memoir, 1807 ; Pritz. 243 ; Jacks. 82 ; R. S. C. iv. 828.<br />
Percy, John (1817-1889) : b. Nottingham, 1817 ; d. June, 1889.<br />
Metallurgist. M.D., Edinb. F.R.S. M.B.S.E., 1837. Collected<br />
in S.E. France and Switzerland, 1836-7. Plants in<br />
Edinburgh University Herbarium. First Report Bot. Soc.<br />
Edinburgh, 43-45 (1836) ; Trans. B. S. Ed. xvii. 522.<br />
(To be continued.^
120<br />
SHOET NOTES.<br />
Middlesex Plants.— A recent leader in one of the Loudon<br />
journals, referring to the rapid extinction of rare plants in Great<br />
Britain, especially instanced Middlesex as having lost fifty-eight<br />
species within a comparatively recent period. This number is<br />
obviously obtained from Trimen & Dyer's ' Flora,' and although the<br />
actual loss is great enough to be deplored, it is happily not so great<br />
as these figures indicate, for it is certain that several species thus<br />
included have since been re-found, at least a fifth of them by<br />
myself alone. Amongst this list of losses the Orchids were conspicuous<br />
; indeed, all the less common species found a place there.<br />
It may therefore be some satisfaction to learn that nearly all the<br />
species hitherto recorded for the county were gathered last summer<br />
during an hour's evening stroll upon the hills of our very limited<br />
Chalk district. Thus OrcJiis mascula, 0. 'pyramidalis, 0. maculata<br />
(in one case with all the flowers inverted), OjjJmjs apifera, 0. muscif'era,<br />
Neottia Nidus-avis, and Gijmnadenia co7iopsca were all gathered<br />
within the space of 100 yards. This was the first appearance of<br />
Gymnadenia above ground ; at all events, it had hitherto eluded<br />
every search for it during many years, and probably it has not been<br />
gathered since Collinson's<br />
plant was seen, however.<br />
last record about 1790 ; only a single<br />
On another hill Oijhrys apifera was<br />
abundant, and Orchis pyramidalis in such profusion that in one spot<br />
I counted seven plants growing in a circle of a few inches diameter.<br />
In the copse skh-tiug the hill was Hahenaria chloroleuca ; in the<br />
valley beneath, 0. incarnata ; and further to the south, 0. latifolia.<br />
I must confess that, seeing these orchids growing in such unusual<br />
abundance around me, it seemed an unaccountable mystery how<br />
they managed to get relegated to the limbo of " extincts " ! Taking<br />
it for granted that Orchis purpurea was absolutely an error, 0.<br />
ustidata is now the only species wantmg to complete Blackstone's<br />
records. In his time (about 1737) he found it only " sparingly."<br />
Collinson (about 1790) owns that he could " never find this sort,"<br />
so that it would appear to be irrecoverably lost. It is a curious<br />
fact that all the records of the old collectors are from the great<br />
" chalk-pit," where after many years' search I have never happened<br />
upon an orchid of any kind. Yet, as showing how tenaciously this<br />
and certain other species cling to a habitat without spreading<br />
beyond, in the woods intersected by the county boundary more<br />
than one Orchid, Dentaria bidbifera, and Hordeum sylvaticiivi grow<br />
on the Middlesex, and not on the Herts side, whilst CephaJanthcra<br />
yrandijiura and other plants are found in the Herts division only,<br />
notwithstanding that soil and other conditions are exactly similar,<br />
and that the plants in many instances grow at the very edge of the<br />
almost imaginary line which divides the wood—little more than a<br />
copse—into two artificial districts. With Habcnaria hifolia secure<br />
near Edgeware, and Orchis militaris elsewhere, we may hope that<br />
our Orchids are safe for some time to come. It would indeed be<br />
matter for congratulation if as much could be said for sundry other<br />
plants which still linger on, but which<br />
doomed in the near future.—J. Benbow.<br />
we know too well are
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF ASA GRAY. 121<br />
Sci.'Uiiusi Arbuscula a. Braun. — A note appeared in the<br />
' Scottish Naturahst' for last January on the occurrence of this<br />
plant at two localities in N.E. Scotland, in which Mr, John Roy<br />
states that "this, as far as I can make out, is the first time it<br />
lias been found in Britain." I believe Mr. Roy is the first to give<br />
a definite station for it ; I can add another, as in the early part of<br />
last summer I found fine examples of it on MijriojjhyUum from<br />
Crummock Water. Wm. West.<br />
Crepis fcetida L. in Northamptonshire. — In Morton's ' Nat.<br />
Hist, of Northamptonshire,' p. 364, 1712, he states:— "Of the<br />
plants described by botanists, but not known by Mr. Ray to be<br />
natives of our island, and therefore not noted in his * S}Tiopsis,'<br />
we may be assured the following is one, viz., Hieracium Apulum<br />
Jiore Suave rxihenti, Col. : the Hieracium annuum Amigdalas amaras<br />
olens, D. Bobarti. This herb Mr. Bobart, the worthy Professor of<br />
Botany at Oxford, informs me he himself found in Northamptonshire,<br />
somewhere between Towcester and Whittlebury Forest, the<br />
particular place he could not recollect." An examination of the<br />
plants collected by the younger Bobart showed that there still<br />
exists a specimen labelled as above by Bobart, but unlocalised,<br />
which is Crepis fcetida, a plant not since recorded for the county.<br />
Dr. Lightfoot's (circa 1790) locality in Oxfordshire for the same<br />
plant is also lacking recent confirmation.—G. C. Druce.<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
Scientific Papers of Asa Gray. Selected by Charles Sprague<br />
SAiiGENT. Vol. II.—Reviews of Works on Botany and related<br />
subjects, 18<strong>31</strong>-1887, pp. viii. 397. Vol. II.—Essays ; Biographical<br />
Sketches, 1811-188G, pp. 503. Loudon : Macmillau.<br />
Price £1. Is.<br />
In these two handsome volumes we have an acceptable selection<br />
from the scattered writings of the great American botanist who was<br />
taken from us little more than two years since, and a fitting<br />
memorial of their illustrious author. These writings, extending<br />
over more than half a century, are grouped by Prof. Sargent, who<br />
has fittingly undertaken the editorship of these selections, into four<br />
divisions :—Contributions to systematic botany ; works of a purely<br />
educational character ; critical reviews and biographies ; and the<br />
series of papers "which owe their existence to the discussions<br />
which followed the publications of Mr. IJarwiu's ' Origin of<br />
Species.'" The first two are not republished, their essence<br />
having been already incorporated in later works, and the last<br />
group were reissued by their author in the interesting and<br />
insulliciently known work entitled ' Darwiiiiana.' The present<br />
volumes are therefore devoted to the third group of the four<br />
indicated above.<br />
Prof. Sargent tells us tliat the selection of tlie articles for republication<br />
has been "an embarrassing and dillicult task," and we<br />
can well believe it. Few men have written so long and so well as
122 PBACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON AGRICULTURAL GRASSES, ETC.<br />
Asa Gray ; and few have embodied in their writings so much of<br />
the personal characteristics which attached to their author. Asa<br />
Gray's essays and sketches are reflections of the man who wrote<br />
them ; and this is especially the case with the biographical contributions,<br />
extending over a period of nearly thirty years. Most, if<br />
not all, of the botanists commemorated were personally known to<br />
their biographer, many of them intimately so ; and this gives an<br />
especial and critical value to these memoirs.<br />
The essays are well calculated to show the wide grasp which<br />
Gray had of Botany as a whole. It may be said that there is an<br />
absence of anything indicating his sympathies with the leading<br />
but Gray was a systematist and general<br />
school of the present day ;<br />
botanist, rather than an examiner of minute points of structure.<br />
The essay on " European Herbaria " has a special interest for us ;<br />
those on the characteristics of the American flora are useful. The<br />
" Notes on the History oi Helianthus tuberosus" are perhaps somewhat<br />
out of place here, as they mainly consist of a letter<br />
Trumbull to Asa Gray.<br />
from Mr.<br />
The reviews, to which the first volume is devoted, extend from<br />
Lindley's 'Vegetable Kingdom,' in 1836, to Ball's 'Flora of the<br />
Peruvian Andes,' 1885 ; they embrace the works of chief importance<br />
in various branches of the science which have appeared between<br />
those dates, as well as some of less value, which serve as texts for<br />
conveying much useful and interesting information.<br />
The last sentence of Prof. Sargent's preface, in which he speaks<br />
of "the second and third volumes of this series" is not quite easy to<br />
understand: the subjects allotted to these two being apparently<br />
combined in the second of the volumes before us. A third selection<br />
would be welcomed by many ; but if, as we think, such is not now<br />
contemplated, we can heartily congratulate Prof. Sargent on the<br />
complete representation of Asa Gray's work which he has given in<br />
the volumes before us.<br />
Practical Observations on Agricultural Grasses and other Pasture<br />
Plants. By William Wilson, jun. London : Simpkin,<br />
Marshall & Co. 1889. Pp.117. Price Is. 6(L<br />
The author of this work is, we gather from its pages, a practical<br />
farmer. He deprecates the services of men not practically acquainted<br />
with the duties of the farm. They have by their " non-practical<br />
suggestions" raised a prejudice against science among agriculturists.<br />
Mr. Wilson comes to the rescue, and he points out "the value of<br />
practical men taking up any branch connected with agriculture,<br />
which fact is becoming to be properly recognised by agriculturists,<br />
as well as recognising the great neglect which, as a rule, has<br />
occurred in the matter of personal enquiry, and the consequent loss<br />
as regards condition of soil, value of properly-selected grasses and<br />
other plants, and the loss resulting from it of manure which the<br />
roots and other decayed parts form, which may be described as the<br />
manure received by natural causes."<br />
In the record of his observations and experiences there is not a<br />
little confused writing like the sentence quoted. We fear Mr.
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS; 123<br />
Wilson's style will seriously hinder the reader frohi getting hold of<br />
his practical investigations ; and his imperfect knowledge of the<br />
Grasses often affects his conclusions. Take, for instance, his views<br />
about Eye-grass. The conflict of testimonies about this grass,<br />
he says, is caused by its not being suited to our climate. Its natural<br />
locality is the North of Italy, and we try to naturalise it beyond its<br />
proper range. Pacey's Rye-grass he considers to be a hybrid<br />
between Rye-grass and Meadow Fescue. Mr. Wilson is somewhat<br />
careless with his names. A botanist is prejudiced by finding at the<br />
outset that he introduces a novel spelling of " Graminueae," and<br />
that he converts Sowerby into "Dr. Sowbery" or " Sowberry."<br />
Nevertheless a careful student, who can give the time to it, may<br />
find many useful suggestions in the pages of Mr. Wilson's volume.<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
Bot. Centralhlatt. (No. 9).—J. Roll, ' Ueber die VeranderHchkeit<br />
der Stengelblatter bei den Torfmossen' (concld.). — (Nos. 10, 11).<br />
P. Kunth, ' Ein Streit Kieler Botaniker zu Aufang des vorigen<br />
Jahrhunderts.' — (No. 10). B. Blocki, Bosa ciJiato-sepala, sp. n.<br />
(Nos. 12, 13). M. Willkomm, ' Vegetationsverhaltnisse von Traz os<br />
Montes.'<br />
Bot. Gazette (Feb.). — J. D. Smith, ' Undescribed plants from<br />
Guatemala' [Oxalis dimidiata, Styrax ijuatemalemis, Camjmnma<br />
picturata (fig.); Tradescantia subscaposa, Nephrodiiuii diialc (fig.).<br />
J. M. Coulter & W. H. Evans, ' Revision of N. American Cornacece<br />
{Comus Greenei, C. Bailciji, spp. nn.). — F. Renauld & J. Cardot,<br />
' '<br />
New Mosses of N. America (3 plates).—W. G. Farlow, ' Poisonous<br />
action of Clathrm columnatus.' — C. B. Atwell, ' Chlorophyll in the<br />
embryo.'<br />
Bot. Zeitung (Nos. 9, 10).—J. Behrens, ' Zur Kenntniss einiger<br />
Wachsthums- und Gestaltungsvorgange in der vegetabilischen<br />
Zelle.' — H. Hoffmann, ' Ueber phtenologische Accommodation.'<br />
(Nos. 9-11). B. Stauge, 'Ueber chemotactische Reizbewegungen.'<br />
—(No. 12). H. Solms-Laubach, 'Die Sprossfolge der Staugeviu<br />
imd der iibrigen Cycadeen.'<br />
Bull. Sac. Bot. France (xxxvi. : Actes du Congres, 1889<br />
March 1). — J. Vesque, ' De<br />
dans la classification des vegetaux.' — P. Vuillemin, ' La<br />
I'emploi des caracteres anatomiquea<br />
micro-<br />
graphie et la botanique descriptive.' — L. Guignard, ' Phcnomcnes<br />
morphologiques de la fecondation ' (4 plates). — E. Bornet & C.<br />
Flahault, ' iSur quelques plantes vivant dans le test calcaii'e des<br />
mollusqucs ' (6 plates).<br />
Bidl. Torroj Bot. Cliih (March). — N. L. Britton, Rusby's<br />
S. American Plants (new species of Tibouddna, Axinica, Meriania,<br />
Lcandru, Miconia).—L. H. Bailey, ' Carices of Keweenaw Peninsula.'<br />
— E. J. Hill, ' PiniiH J',anh:si(in
124 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
(March 22). Ziiqnjyetalum Whitei Eolfe, n. sp. — Iris sindjarensis<br />
(fig. 55).— (Marcii 29). ' The Fingered Citron' (figs. 56, 58-60).<br />
Journal cle Botaniqiie (Jan. 16). — L. Guiguard, ' Sur la localisation<br />
dans les amandes et le laurier-cerise des principes qui<br />
fournissent I'acide cyauhydrique.' — ' B. Balansa, Catalogue des<br />
Graminees de I'ludo-Chine francaise ' (Bonia, n. g.). .Hue,<br />
' Lichens de Canisy (Manche).'— (Feb. 1). C. Sauvageau, ' Observations<br />
sur la structure des feuilles des plantes aquatiques.'—P. Hariot,<br />
' TrentepolUici .'—N. Patouillard, ' Flore mycologique du Tonkin.'<br />
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschri/t. (March). — J. Weisner, ' Ueber das<br />
Saftperiderm.' — E. Hackel, Streptochmta Sodiroana, n. sp. — E. v.<br />
Halacsy, Cirsium Heldreichii, n. sp. — V. v. Borbas, ' Kahl- und<br />
behaartfriichtige Parallelformen der Veilchen aus der Gruppe<br />
Hypocarpefe.'—K. Bauer, ' Untersuchungen liber gerbstoffriihrende<br />
' Pflanzen (contd.).— J. Freyn, ' ' Plantae Karoante (contd.).<br />
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
February 20, 1890. — W. Carruthers, F.E.S., President, in the<br />
chair.— Messrs. W. Eagle Clarke and J. H. Veitch were admitted,<br />
and Mr. James Jack elected Fellows of the Society. — Mr. G. C.<br />
Druce exhibited specimens of Agrostis canina var. scotica, and a<br />
small collection of flowering plants dried after treatment with<br />
sulphurous acid and alcohol, and showing a partial preservation of<br />
the natural colours of the flowers.— Sir John Lubbock then gave an<br />
abstract of four memoirs which he had prepared :<br />
(1.) " On the Fruit and Seeds of the JuylandecB.'" In a previous<br />
paper I have described the peculiar four-lobed cotyledons of Pterocarya,<br />
and shown that this depends on the form of the seed, which<br />
resembles an anvil on four short stout legs. This form is again<br />
due to that of the fruit, the four projections of the seed having<br />
grown into four hollow spaces left in the solid woody tissue of the<br />
fruit. I have now traced the gradual development of the fruit<br />
from the flower, and compared the fruit of Pterocarya with that of<br />
the Walnut, in which, however, the hollow spaces developed in the<br />
fruit are much larger, so that, instead of a solid wall, with hollow<br />
spaces occupied by the seed, it gives the impression as if the seed<br />
was thrown into folds occupied by the wall of the fruit. To occupy<br />
these spaces fully the cotyledons themselves were thrown into folds<br />
as we now see them. The fruit of Pterocarya is much smaller than<br />
that of the Horse-chestnut, which was, doubtless, itself formerly not<br />
so large as it now is. As it increased, the cotyledons became<br />
fleshier, and found it more and more diflicult to make their exit<br />
from the seed, until at last they have given up any attempt to do<br />
so. Hence the curious folds, with which we are so familiar, are<br />
the efforts made by the original leafy cotyledons to occupy the<br />
interior of the nut. Moreover, while essentially similar, the fruits<br />
of Pterocarya and of the Walnut offer several remarkable differences.<br />
The fruit of Pterocarya is winged, which is not the case with<br />
Juylans ; it is much smaller, and a great deal harder. Again, the<br />
cotyledons of Pterocarya are aerial, while those of JvgJans no longer
LIKNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 125<br />
perform the functions of leaves, and never quit the seed. In the<br />
Walnut, as in some other trees, it is an advantage that the seeds<br />
should be more numerous than large. In this way they are able to<br />
contain a supply of nutriment which suffices rapidly to carry the<br />
young plant above the grasses and other low herbage. Such seeds<br />
form the food of squirrels and other animals, which, accordmgly,<br />
serve to disperse them, and thus, perhaps, they are able to dispense<br />
with any other means of transport. Moreover, for such large fruits,<br />
wings would perhaps be scarcely adequate. In Pterocarya, on the<br />
contrary, the fruits are much smaller, and wings are therefore more<br />
suitable. Possessing, then, themselves the means of dispersal,<br />
they have no need of offering any attractions to animals. In fact,<br />
every one which is eaten is so much pure loss. Hence, while the<br />
shell of the Walnut is sufficiently hard to protect the seed from the<br />
severity of weather, and from the attacks of insects, &c., which<br />
would not help in their dispersal, it offers no obstacle to larger<br />
animals. That of Pterocanja is, on the contrary, very hard and<br />
stony, and even the interior portion—the walls and pillars surroundmg<br />
the four hollows—are of the same character, while in the<br />
Walnut they are comparatively quite soft. One reason why the<br />
similarity of construction in the two seeds does not at first strike<br />
the observer is that in Pterocarya the lobes of the seed evidently<br />
enter the fruit ; in Jufflanf!, on the contrary, the lobes are so much<br />
larger, that it rather seems as if the fruit sent projections into the<br />
seed. That the i^resent condition of the Walnut seedling is not<br />
original we have interesting evidence in the presence of small<br />
leaves reduced to minute scales, as in many plants with subterranean<br />
cotyledons. These scales evidently indicate the former<br />
presence of actual leaves, which are no longer required. The<br />
curious lobing and foldings of the seed in the Walnut also remind<br />
us of the time when the cotyledons were variously lobed and<br />
folded, so as to occupy the whole space in the gradually enlarging<br />
seed. At present they seem to fulfil no useful functions.<br />
(2.) " On the shape of the Oak-leaf." In the case of the Oak,<br />
we are so accustomed to the form of its leaf that it does not strike<br />
us as anything peculiar, and comparatively few persons, probably,<br />
ask themselves why it should be as it is. And yet it is peculiar,<br />
unlike that of any of our forest trees, or those of the Evergreen<br />
Oak, so abundant in hotter countries. In botanical phraseology,<br />
the Oak-leaves are deciduous, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-elliptical,<br />
sinuated with blunt lobes extending not more than half-way down<br />
to the midrib. The sinus between the lobes is generally rounded<br />
off at the bottom. Again, they are rarely symmetrical, the lobes<br />
of the two sides not corresponding. The three points, then, which<br />
give the Oak-leaf its peculiar form are :— (1) the deep, rounded<br />
sinuses; (2) the want of symmetry of the two sides; (3) the oblong<br />
or oblanceolate outline. I do not know of any attempt to explain<br />
tliis peculiar form. That which I would suggest is as follows :<br />
The leaves of the Evergreen Oak arc entire, and small in comparison<br />
with those of the English Oak. During the winter and early spring<br />
they are protected by a series of brown scales, inside which tliey
\<br />
126<br />
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
lie, and with which they form the well-known buds so familiar to<br />
us, and which are both small and short in proportion to the size of<br />
the leaves themselves. In cooler and moister regions, on the contrary,<br />
there is, as we know, a tendency for leaves to become larger<br />
and deciduous. These influences do not, however, affect the outer<br />
scales, which remain as before, without any increase of size. But<br />
as the leaves have increased in size, and the scales have not, the<br />
leaves can no longer retain their original arrangement in the bud.<br />
If, for instance, we compare the buds of the Oak and of the Beech,<br />
we see that while the leaf of the Oak is longer than that of the<br />
Beech, the bud of the Oak is, on the contrary, shorter than that of<br />
the Beech. Under these circumstances, what must happen ? The<br />
leaf grows, and becomes longer than the bud. It is, therefore,<br />
necessarily bent into a curve. But an entire leaf, if thus thrown<br />
into a curve, would necessarily fall into folds, the number being<br />
determined by the number of ribs or veins. For such folds, however,<br />
there would be no room within the narrow limits of a bud, or<br />
rather, perhaps, they would be inconvenient, because they leave<br />
more or less empty spaces. This may be rendered more clear by<br />
taking a piece of cloth or of paper, folding it up, and then throwing<br />
it into a curve. It will then necessarily fall into one or more folds.<br />
In the membrane it is flat when the midrib is bent ; then, when<br />
the midrib is extended, intervals must occur. If the membrane<br />
were strengthened, as an Oak-leaf is, by three or four side-ribs,<br />
there would be a fold between each two ribs. As a matter of fact,<br />
however, from the absence of space the membrane where the fold<br />
would be is not actually developed. We may imitate this by<br />
removing them. If this be done, the result will be the formation<br />
of sinuses rounded at the base, closely resembling those so charac-<br />
teristic of the Oak-leaf. These sinuses are due, then, as I believe,<br />
to the curvature of the leaf, owing to the shortness of the bud in<br />
comparison with the length of the leaf open out. Moreover, the<br />
young leaf is not only curved, it is wrapped round the interior leaves.<br />
The result of this is that one side of the leaf is folded within the<br />
other ; the one, therefore, being on the outer side, has more space<br />
than the other. The two sides of the leaf are in fact differently<br />
situated, and this, I believe, accounts for the second point—namely,<br />
the want of symmetry. The oblong form is an advantage, from the<br />
way the leaves diverge from the stalk. In this manner the<br />
interesting peculiarities of the Oak-leaf may be accounted for.<br />
(3.) " On the Leaves of Viburnum." We have in this country<br />
two species of Guelder Rose Viburnum. They are nearly allied,<br />
but the leaves are very dissimilar, those of F. Lantana being oval or<br />
ovate, and, when young, very hairy ; those of V. Opulus three-lobed,<br />
smooth, and provided with stipuliform appendages. These differences<br />
are very interesting, but no one has ever attempted to explain<br />
them. The young leaves of V. Laiitana are sufficiently protected by<br />
their hairy covering, and are consequently left bare. This is not the<br />
case with V. Opulus, in which the leaves are glabrous. The outer<br />
leaves, however, become tough and leathery, and form a covering<br />
within which the other or true leaves are developed. To economise
LINNEAX SOCIETY OF LONDON. 127<br />
space, these leaves are folded more or less like a fan, iii tlie same<br />
manner as those of Maples, Sycamores, Planes, &c., and this gives<br />
them their lobed form. As regards the stipuliform appendages, the<br />
genus contains some fifty species, of which about forty have oval<br />
leaves without appendages, while the remainder have lobed leaves<br />
with appendages. The presence of these appendages seems, therefore,<br />
to go with that of the lobes. I believe that they assume that<br />
pecuhar thread-like form so as to fill up a space which would otherwise<br />
be left empty in the bud. Maples have no stipules, but in them<br />
the younger leaves in the bud just fill up the interspaces left between<br />
the older ones. In the lobed-leaved Guelder Eoses this is not the<br />
case, but a space remains, which is just occupied by the stipuliform<br />
appendages.<br />
(4.) " On the Presence and Functions of Stipules." Vaucher,<br />
in his ' Histoire Physiologique des Plantes,' speaking of Heliantheinum,<br />
says:— " J'indique dans ce genre deux principaux<br />
objets de recherche. Le premier est la raison pour laquelle<br />
certaines especes ont des stipules, tandis que d'autres en sont<br />
privees." No one, however, so far as I know, has yet attempted<br />
to answer this question, which, however, is one of considerable<br />
interest, and might be asked with reference to several other groups<br />
besides the genus Helianthemum. In attempting to answer this<br />
question, we may begin by considering the function or functions<br />
which stipules perform. Of these, the primary purpose is to protect<br />
the bud. In others they seiTC as accessory, or deputy, leaves.<br />
As an illustration of the former may be mentioned some species of<br />
Viola; of the latter, certain species of Lathyrus—for instance,<br />
L. Nissolia. The question may further be asked. What is the<br />
advantage to the plant in having the purpose of the leaves fulfilled<br />
by stipules instead of true leaves ? Now, L. Nissolia is a species<br />
which lives among grass. Here, then, the same considerations<br />
which render it an advantage to grasses to have long leaves affect<br />
equally the Lathyrus. Again, if, when so growing, the leaves of L.<br />
Nissolia had resembled those of most other Lathyrus, they would,<br />
perhaps, have been dangerously conspicuous. The similarity of the<br />
stipules to the leaves of grasses by which they are surrounded<br />
perhaps enables them to escape observation, and to avoid being<br />
eaten. It may, indeed, be asked why the leaflets should not have<br />
assumed the long linear outline. But, even so, if they had been<br />
arranged at right angles to the petiole, the plant would have been<br />
much less grass-like, and consequently much more conspicuous<br />
than is now the case. This may, I think, be the reason which has<br />
led to the replacement of leaves by stipules in this species, and to<br />
the peculiar form which the latter have assumed. Passing on now<br />
to the cases in which the stipules serve to protect the young loaves,<br />
I may first mention in passing those instances in which the stipules<br />
with this object have become stiff, pointed, or thorn-like, as in<br />
llubinia. In far more numerous species, however, the stipules<br />
protect by enveloping the young bud and leaves. In such groups<br />
the view that the function of the stipules is mainly to protect the<br />
young leaf is confirmed, not to say proved, by the fact that they are
128 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
very short-lived, and drop off as soon as the young leaves have<br />
expanded. Such cases are so numerous that it is hardly necessary<br />
to quote any illustrations. Indeed, in many of the lesser-known<br />
genera this early fall of the stipules leaves it doubtful whether they<br />
occur or not. On the other hand, there are cases in which<br />
protective stipules are even more persistent than the leaves to<br />
which they belong. In such cases, however, they protect, not<br />
their own leaf, but that of the following year. In the species of<br />
Helicmthemimi which have no stipules, the bases of the petioles are<br />
dilated, and protect the young buds ; while in those species which<br />
have stipules the petioles are not dilated, but are even narrowed<br />
towards the base. The same rule applies in other groups also, and<br />
I conclude, therefore, that the presence or absence of petioles in<br />
such species has reference to the protection of the buds, this being<br />
in some sense effected by the stipules, in others by the dilated bases<br />
of the petioles.<br />
March 6.—Mr. W. Carruthers, F.E.S., President, in the chair.<br />
—Mr. S. Lithgow was admitted, and Messrs. J. Lowe, E. R. Waite,<br />
and G. F. Elliott were elected Fellows of the Society.—A paper was<br />
the Production of Seed in certain Varieties<br />
read by Mr. D. Morris '<br />
' On<br />
of the Sugar-cane, Saccharum oJfici7inrum." It was pointed out that,<br />
although well known as a cultivated plant, the Sugar-cane had<br />
nowhere been found wild ; nor had the seed [caryojms) been figured<br />
or described, it being the generally-received opinion that, having<br />
been propagated entirely by slips or cuttings, it had lost the power<br />
of producing seed. Spikelets, however, received at Kew had been<br />
carefully examined, and the seed found, which was now for the<br />
first time exhibited by Mr. Mori-is. He anticipated that by crossfertilization<br />
and selection of seedlings the Sugar-cane might be<br />
greatly improved, and much importance was attached to the subject<br />
as it opened up a new field of investigation in regard to Sugar-cane<br />
cultivation. — A paper was read by Mr. Spencer Moore " On the<br />
true nature of Callus. Part I, The Vegetable Marrow and Ballia<br />
callitricha.'" It was shown that the callus of sieve-tubes of the<br />
Vegetable Marrow gives marked proteid reactions, and since it is<br />
dissolved in a peptonising fluid, there can be no doubt of its being<br />
a true proteid, and not a kind of starchy mucilage, as is usually<br />
supposed. The " stoppers " of Ballia also yield proteid reactions,<br />
but inasmuch as they resist gastric digestion, the substance<br />
cannot be a true proteid, and may perhaps be allied to lardacein.<br />
Mr. Moore maintained the view of Russow, Strassburger, and others,<br />
that callus is deposited upon the sieve to be correct in the case of<br />
the Vegetable Marrow; since a peptonising fluid clears the sievel^lates,<br />
and leaves them in their pristine condition, which would<br />
not be the case if callus were formed by a swelling-up of the sieves.<br />
A discussion followed, in which Dr. F. W. Oliver, Dr. D. H. Scott,<br />
Prof. Reynolds Green, and Mr. George Murray took part.<br />
March 20.—Mr. W. Carruthers, F.R.S., President, in the chair.<br />
—Mr. G. F. Scott Elliott was admitted and Mr. H. E. IMihier<br />
elected a Fellow of the Society. — The papers read were entirely<br />
zoological.
129<br />
NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI.<br />
By W. 0. FocKE, M.D.<br />
(Concluded from n. 103.)<br />
15. R. LEucANDRus Focke.—Under this species I put a bramble<br />
which I saw near West Moors and Daggous, Dorset. Tlie stems<br />
are hairy and growing in a high arch, the leaflets pale green and<br />
pubescent below, the terminal one ovate or somewhat cordate. The<br />
panicle is of moderate size, generally racemose at the top. Rachis<br />
and peduncles villous, with a few small prickles. Flowers rather<br />
large, white. Sepals reflexed.<br />
Cunt, distrib. N.W. Germany ; at many places abundant.<br />
16. R. viLLicAULis Koehl. 11. adradis Blox. — The name is a<br />
misleading one, because the stems of the plant are by no means very<br />
hairy.<br />
robust<br />
It has been given in Silesia, a country where all the other<br />
brambles have glabrous stems. A dry specimen of R.<br />
calvatus Blox., received from Mr. Bloxam himself, is by no means<br />
different from R. villianilis. The Villicaulis-type comprehends<br />
several remarkable varieties, but it is even more difficult to keep<br />
them distinct than in the case of R. rJudiniifuUus. The plant I saw<br />
with Mr. Rogers near Bournemouth (Branksome, West Moors,<br />
Gore Heath, Daggons, Buckland) agrees very well, except in the<br />
length of the stamens, with a variety common in N.W. Germany.<br />
In the Dorset plant the stamens do not exceed the styles, as is the<br />
case in the German varieties. A few glandular setse in the panicle<br />
of R. villicauUfi are of frequent occurrence.<br />
Cant, (listrih. S. Sweden, Denmark, Germany (disappearing<br />
in the southern parts), Belgium, N. France.<br />
17. ? R. ROTUNDATus P. J. Mucll. — Geucvier's description of<br />
R. rotundatKs agrees perfectly with a bramble I saw at several<br />
places in Cornwall and S. Devon. Many years ago Mr. Briggs<br />
sent me dried specimens asking a name for it. The plant is very<br />
remarkable from its long slender prickles and large milk-white<br />
petals. It is near R. incurvatus, which may be, however, distinguislied<br />
by its shorter prickles, smaller pink flowers, and long<br />
narrow panicle. I have seen no French specimens of R. rotiindatits,<br />
and therefore I am not quite sure about the correctness of the name.<br />
The plant will be found in several localities of western England.<br />
I saw it near the Lizard, Cornwall, and near Plymouth (Shaugh,<br />
Bickleigli). Mr. Briggs collected it near Pokosdowu, S. Hants,<br />
and the Rev. W. R. Linton has sent me a specimen from Shirley,<br />
Derbyshire.<br />
Cunt, distrib. of R. rotuiidatus : France.<br />
III. Stems arcuate-prustmte, beariiu/ equal stroiu/ iiricklt's mid addressed<br />
hdirs. No tjlandiiltir setcr.<br />
18. R. RusTicANUs Mercier. 7/. discolur W. Exsicc. non W.<br />
et N. Rub. Germ. — The earliest name would bo 11. uhnifidins<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [May, 18'J0.] k
180 NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI.<br />
Scliott, which perhaps may be used in a more aggregate sense.<br />
General in England.<br />
Co7it. ilistrib. Germany (very local near the western frontier),<br />
Netherlands (southern part), Belgium, France, S. W. Switzerland,<br />
the whole of the Mediterranean region. It occurs in Madeira and<br />
the Azores.<br />
IV. Stems arcuate-prostrate, hearing equal or nearly equal pricJdes of<br />
moderate size and patent dense hairs, hut generalhi ivithout<br />
glandular sette, ichich occur, however, in many cases in the panicle.<br />
19. E. siLVATicus W. et N. — Eemarkable by its frequent short<br />
but rather strong prickles on the stem, quinate leaves green on<br />
both sides, a dense panicle bearing very small prickles but no<br />
glandular setae, white flowers and stamens longer than the styles.<br />
Mr. Briggs showed me, near Plymouth, a bramble he supposed to<br />
be li. siivaticus W. et N., and I think it agrees very well with that<br />
species.<br />
Cont. distrib. N. W. Germany.<br />
20. R. MACROPHYLLUs W. ct N. — Stems usually very long and<br />
thick, leaves and panicles often very large, the flowers, however, of<br />
a moderate size and not conspicuous. Terminal leaflet longstalked,<br />
cordate-ovate, gradually tapering into a long point. A<br />
wood plant. I have seen it in Dorset (Branksome Chine, and<br />
Daggons) and S. Devon (Fursdon, Egg Buckland). Mr. Briggs<br />
knows it from different places near Plymouth.<br />
Cont. distrib. Germany, Austria, W. Hungary, France. Near<br />
the shores of the Baltic it occurs as far eastward as Kahlberg<br />
between Kcenigsberg and Danzig. Professor Clavaud has sent me<br />
the same plant from the neighbourhood of Bordeaux. Its area<br />
therefore is a very large one.<br />
21. R. MicANs Gren. et Godr. E. adscitus Genev. ; R. hypoleucus<br />
Lefv. et Muell.—Frequent around Plymouth. Mr, I3riggs informs<br />
me that he has seen it near Coiwall Heath, Isle of Wight.<br />
Cont. distrib. France.<br />
? B. Questierii P. J. Muell.—The leaves of this species are green<br />
on both sides ; the sepals, however, and the peduncles are whitefelted.<br />
This species is common in Western France, and it occurs<br />
on the Isle of Jersey ; therefore it may be expected in Southern<br />
England. Mr. Charles Bailey has kindly sent me a specimen<br />
collected by him on the Charmouth Road near Lyme Regis, Dorset,<br />
which very much recalls li. Questierii.<br />
Cont. distrib. France.<br />
22. R. RAMosus Blox. (?). — I have some doubts about the<br />
identity of the well-known li. ramosus from Devonshire and the<br />
original plant distinguished by Bloxam. With Mr. Briggs I saw<br />
''ramosus'' at several places near Plymouth. It is cultivated at<br />
Kew, but I do not remember under what name.<br />
Cont. distrib. Unknown.<br />
23. R. Sprkngelii W. 11. JJorreri Bell Salt. — I have not seen
NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI. 1<strong>31</strong><br />
the living plant in England, but numerous dried English specimens.<br />
Cont. distrih. Denmark, N.W. and C. Germany, N. France.<br />
24. K. PULCHERRiMus Neuman. II. pali/anthemos Lindeg. — Mr.<br />
Baker puts it under li. timbrosiis Aut. Anglor. as a glandular variety.<br />
This view may be correct, as the differences seem to be of little<br />
importance. I know, however, no intermediate forms. I have not<br />
seen the living plant, but I have received dried specimens from<br />
different parts of England.<br />
Co7it. distrih. S. Sweden, Denmark, Germany (very local).<br />
25. E. MACROTHYRsos Lange.—Mr. Griffith and Mr. Bailey have<br />
sent me specimens of this beautiful bramble from N.W. Wales.<br />
Cont. distrib. Very local in N.W. Germany (Holstein, Hartz<br />
Mount.) and N. France (Oise, Seine Inf. ; see Assoc. Eubol. 430, 0<strong>31</strong>).<br />
2G. R. PYRAMiDALis Kaltub.—In general appearance it resembles<br />
R. villicauUs {calvatm), but it is distinguished by smaller prickles, a<br />
very soft, nearly velvety under side of the leaves, a dense and<br />
always glandular panicle, &c. I have seen a good deal of dried<br />
English specimens.<br />
Cont. distrih, S. Sweden, Denmark, N. and W. Germany,<br />
Belgium, N. France.<br />
27. R. vESTiTus W. et N. li. leiicostarJu/s Schleich. — In such<br />
genera as lluhus it is nearly impossible to follow in every case the<br />
rules of priority. We cannot choose the first name, if its meaning<br />
is not quite clear and correct. The first description of a bramble<br />
is often very incomplete or erroneous, or it combines difterent forms<br />
or separates allied ones. The name of " leucostachijs" or "white<br />
spike" shows that the author did not include the ordinary pinkflowering<br />
form. On the other hand, the description of R. vestitus<br />
given by Weilie et Nees is very accurate ; the authors have studied<br />
the influence of soil and moisture upon the plant, they have pointed<br />
out under what circumstances this species will produce pink or<br />
white flowers, orbicular or elliptic leaflets with a white or a green<br />
under surface. Therefore, I think we shall do better to prefer the<br />
name R. vestitus, published a few months later, than leucostachys, for<br />
the same reasons as we prefer R. suberecttis to Nessensis and rosaceus<br />
to hetcntcanthKs. I have seen R. vestitim at many places in S.<br />
England.<br />
(Jont. distrih. Denmark, W. Germany, Belgium, Switzerland,<br />
Austria (very local), France.<br />
V. Stems nrcuate-prostrate, hearing prickles of nearly equal size and<br />
(jlunduhir set
132 NOTES ON ENGLISH RUBI.<br />
29. E. Lejeunei W. et N. — I liave seen dried specimens onl3%<br />
gathered by Mr. Briggs near Plymouth. Mr. James W. Wliite has<br />
sent me a specimen of a very hairy variety he has collected on the<br />
Hobbie Walk, Clovelly, N. Devon.<br />
Cunt, distrib. W. Germany, local near the Belgian frontier;<br />
Belgimn, France, N.W. Italy.<br />
30. R. MucEONATus Blox. — I have seen it with Mr. Rogers at<br />
several places around Bournemouth in S.<br />
The Plymouth plant having usually ternate<br />
Hants<br />
leaves<br />
and Dorset.<br />
is somewhat<br />
different. It happened that a continental botanist found hairy<br />
anthers in the flowers of the first English specimen of II. mucronatm<br />
he ever examined. This observation was sufficient for him to<br />
think a German plant, determined by me as /?. mucronatns, might<br />
be different, and must receive a new name ; therefore he called it<br />
Pi. atrichauthenis, or " bramble with hairless anthers." If we were<br />
to adopt this view nearly all our English R. mucronatns would have<br />
to be considered as R. atrichantherus. From this example we can<br />
learn how to make new species.<br />
Cont. distrih. N. Germany (district between the German Sea<br />
and the Baltic) ; France.<br />
<strong>31</strong>. R. infestus W. et N. — I have seen<br />
different parts of England.<br />
dried specimens from<br />
Cont. distrih. S, Sweden ; Denmark (local) ; N.W.<br />
b. The whole stems rough from frequent setce.<br />
Germany.<br />
32. R. echinatus Lindl. Fu rudis Babgt. prius.—I have seen it<br />
with Mr. Rogers and Mr, Briggs near Daggons, Dorset, and near<br />
Buckland, S. Hants. R. discerptus P. J. MuelL, I suppose, will<br />
prove to be the same plant.<br />
Cont. distrih. W. Germany ?, France.<br />
33. E. EADULA W.—Frequent around Bournemouth. The plant<br />
growing in this part of England is somewhat different in general<br />
appearance from the German type, but it cannot be considered<br />
as a well-marked variety. Further, I have seen R. radula near<br />
Plymouth.<br />
Cont. distrih. S. Sweden, Denmark, Germany, W. Austria,<br />
Switzerland, N. France.<br />
34. R. RUDIS W. et N. — Stems usually quite hairless. Rachis<br />
and branches of the spreading panicle covered with a thin close felt.<br />
Glandular seta) abundant but short. I have received a dried<br />
specimen from Walton-on-Hill Heath, Surrey, collected by Mr.<br />
W. H. Beeby.<br />
Cont. distrih. W. and E. Germany, Austria (local), Switzerland,<br />
France.<br />
35. R. ANGLOSAXONicus Gclcrt. — I collected this bramble with<br />
Mr. Rogers at Milton, S. Hants, near the station. According to<br />
Mr. Gelert it is cultivated at Copenhagen from seels sent from<br />
Plymouth under the name of R. tiuicroji/iijIlHs.<br />
Cont. distrih. N.W. Germany (local), France.
NOTES ON EN(iUSH KUHI. 133<br />
8G. R. MELANODERMis. — Tliis name may be provisionally given<br />
to the bramble determined by Prof, Babingtou as iiielanoxi/hm {ride<br />
Journ. Bot. 1887, pp. 21, 22). The true E. melanoxylon'MnelL et<br />
Wirtg. resembles a weak glabrous R. villicaulis [calcatiis) bearing<br />
some glandular setae. The //. mclanodermis, however, is a small,<br />
low, and very glandular bramble. It may be a variety of Wirtgen's<br />
plant, but at present I do not venture to pronounce a certain<br />
opinion. I have seen R. viclanoflcruiis with Mr. Rogers at Branksome<br />
and West Moors, Dorset; and at Milton, S. Hants. A dried<br />
specimen gathered near Slhrley, Derbyshire, by the Rev. W. R.<br />
Linton approaches somewhat more the trite E. meJanoxyhm.<br />
Cant, distrib. of E. melanoxylon. W. Germany, France.<br />
87. R. Fuscus W. et N. — I collected this species with Mr.<br />
Rogers at Milton, and near Sway, S. Hants. A closely-allied<br />
bramble seems to be more frequent in England than the true<br />
E. fuscus. It has broader leaflets than this species, and the sepals<br />
embrace the fruit, I have seen it in the Leigh Woods, near Bristol,<br />
where it is abundant. Besides this variety, I have received from<br />
different parts of England dried specimens resembling 11. fuscus,<br />
but more or less anomalous.<br />
Cent, distrib. of the true E. fuscus. W. Germany, N.E. France.<br />
38. R. PALLiDUS W. et N. (not of English authors). — Rare in<br />
England. I possess a specimen gathered by the Rev. E. F. Linton<br />
near bprowston, Norfolk,<br />
Cont. distrib. Denmark, N.W. Germany, N.E. France.<br />
39. R, scARER W. et N,—Bickleigh Vale, near Plymouth, where<br />
I collected this species with Mr, Briggs.<br />
Cont. distrib. Germany (very local), France,<br />
40. R, LONGiTHYEsiGER Lees. E. pi/nniiiddlis Bab, — Seen with<br />
Mr, Briggs near Plymbridge and several other places in S. Devon.<br />
Cunt, distrib. Unknown.<br />
41. R. Foi.iosus W, et N. E. Guentheri Bab, prius. E. flexuo-<br />
sus P. J. Muell, 1859 (non Lejeuue, 1824). E. drrasus Lefv, et<br />
Muell, II. saltuum Focke, — Seen between Lyraington and Sway,<br />
S. Hants ; Daggons, Dorset ; Bickleigh Vale, Devon. Besides the<br />
patent hairs on the branches of Vi. Jiexjiosus, I have failed to detect<br />
any differences becween Mueller's description of this species and<br />
that of E. dcrasus. My E. sultuuui agrees exactly, except in the<br />
colour, with either description, E. Jtcxuosus and derasus are said to<br />
liave whitish or pale pink petals, and green styles ; in the typical<br />
E. fotidsus the styles are green, and the petals white ; in my<br />
E. saltuuvi tbe styles red, and the petals pink, j\Iueller and<br />
Genevicr would have tliought these differences to be sufficient for<br />
the establishment of specific distinction. I believe that the weak,<br />
pink-flowering //. saliuuin is the product of a sandy soil or gviuntic<br />
rocks. The white-Howering varieties are generally stronger, ami<br />
occur in a soil uiixod with clay and a little liiii(>stone.<br />
CtiiU. distrib. W, Germany, Switzerland, France.
134 NOTES ON ENGLISH KUBI.<br />
VI. Stems arciude-prostrate or quiU jjrostrate, hearhuj pHcJdcs, acicidi,<br />
and f/landular settc of different sizes. Basal leajlets stalked.<br />
A. Intermediate acicuH scattered.<br />
42. E. MUTABiLis Geiiev.—Frequent around Plymoutli, where I<br />
saw it with Mr. Briggs.<br />
Cont. distrib. W. France.<br />
43. E. Bloxamii Lees. — Frequent around Bournemouth, in<br />
S. Hants, and Dorset. It is closely allied to R. thyrsijionis W. et N.,<br />
and perhaps the two species may run together.<br />
Coitt. distrib. According to Genevier, W. France.<br />
44. E. EosACEus W. et N.—I have seen dried English specimens<br />
only, but from different parts of the country.<br />
Co7it. distrib. N.W. Germany, Belgium, France (following<br />
French authors, I have seen no French specimens).<br />
B. Prickles, acicidi, and seta; of every size mixed.<br />
45. E. HYSTEix W. et N. — In dry specimens it is difficult to<br />
trace the limits between this species and R. Koehleri. I have not<br />
seen living plants of either species in England.<br />
Cont. distrib. N.W. Germany (very local !).<br />
46. E. Koehleri W. et N.—See U. lujstrix.<br />
Cont. distrib. The typical plant occurs frequently in the central<br />
part of Germany, from the Eussiau to the Belgian frontier.<br />
Varieties or nearly-allied forms are spread over the whole of Central<br />
Europe. A small variety is R. Reuteri Merc.<br />
47. E. ^^KIDIs Kaltenb. R. jxdlidus of many English authors.—<br />
It is easily distinguishable from the true R. paUidus by the abundant<br />
intermediate aciculi on the stem and the rachis. Mr. Briggs<br />
showed me a plant near li. viridis in the Common Wood, Bickleigh,<br />
S. Devon.<br />
Cont. distrib. W. Germany.<br />
48. E. mRTUs W. K. (aggregate). — In S. Devon I have seen<br />
several forms of this group. It would be a useless attempt to<br />
arrange these English plants under one or the other continental<br />
subspecies or varieties.<br />
Cont. distrib. of th© hirtus group. Western, Central, and Southern<br />
Europe ; Asia Minor.<br />
VII. Stems arcuate-2nostrate or quite jy^'ostrate, armed in a various<br />
maJiJier. Basal leaflets nearly sessile.<br />
A. Prickles, acicidi, and setce unequal and very abimdant.<br />
49. E. DivERsiFOLius Lindl. — Seen at different places in<br />
S. Hants and Dorset, near Bournemouth ; Fursdon, S. Devon.<br />
Eesembles R. Koehleri, but I think it is nearer the Corylifolian<br />
group. The R. dumetorinn ferox W. is not quite the same, but<br />
I think my R. myriacanthus will fall under R. diversifolius.<br />
Cont. distrib. N.W. Germany (/i. myriacanthus).
THE GENUS SCAPHOSEPALUM PFITZER. 135<br />
B. Acicidi and seta; scattered, or none.<br />
50. R. Balfourianus Blox. — Seen with Mr. Rogers at Milton<br />
and Ikickland, S. Hants. Near Plymouth I have seen a similar<br />
bramble.<br />
Cont. distnb. W. France.<br />
51. R. coRYLiFOLius Sm.— I saw several varieties of it at Milton,<br />
S. Hants ; and near West IMoors, Gore Heath, and Daggons, Dorset.<br />
Nearly allied variable forms occur on the Continent.<br />
52. R. c^sius L.—As far as I remember, I have seen no living<br />
true B. aesitis in England. I know the English plant from dried<br />
specimens.<br />
Cont. distrih. Nearly the whole of Europe, except the subarctic<br />
and the most southern parts; N.W. Asia.<br />
Finally, I may say a few words about 7i. pnbcscens W. et N.<br />
I have seen in England several forms, which I supposed at first<br />
sight to be varieties of that species. Every single shrub, however,<br />
thought to be near pubescens or near thyrsoidens was not only somewhat<br />
different from the continental types, but it could not be<br />
exactly identified with any other similar English plant. Every<br />
single bush I saw had its own appearance, its own characters.<br />
Therefore I cannot beheve that these individual forms represent a<br />
true natural species ; they may be the modified oft'spring of some<br />
/.'. incurvatus<br />
natural hybrids. I have not mentioned such species as<br />
Bab., R. Colemanni Blox., and R. fitsco-ater W. et N., because I had<br />
no opportunity of examining them in a satisfactory manner. The<br />
two first-named species are unknown on the Continent, and the<br />
third is not yet very well defined, and requires further research.<br />
The same difiiculty exists in a group of forms, like R. Saltrrl and<br />
/.'. hirtifoliiis, intermediate between R. villicaulis and //. }njra)iudidis<br />
Kalteni). On the other hand, I know several unnamed or provisionally<br />
named Enghsh brambles, which, I think, represent well-marked<br />
species ; they must be studied more accurately than can be done in<br />
a short visit. ]\Iy own impression is that the knowledge of our<br />
indigenous brambles has advanced very much since the time when<br />
Prof. Babington's standard book appeared. That knowledge is,<br />
however, far from being satisfactory, and I trust a continued study<br />
will reveal interesting facts.<br />
THE GENUS SCAPIIOSEI'ALUM Pfitzeu.<br />
By R. Allen Rolfe, A.L.S.<br />
There is a curious little group of Orchids, comprising about<br />
nine known species, which have presented some dilliculty to<br />
botanists. The lirst known was described as Masdrcallix rcrniaisd<br />
Uchb. f., in 1849, but live years later the same author transferred<br />
it to rieurolhaUis, where it was retained by Liudloy in his mono-
18G THE GKNUS SCAPIIOSEPALUW PFITZER.<br />
graph of that genus, in ' Folia Orchidacea.' In 1855 a second<br />
species appeared, and Reichenbach reverted to his earher opinion,<br />
and called it Masdevallia ochthodcs : and successive species have<br />
been described under MasdecalUd. Of the correctness of this view<br />
I have long felt a doubt, on account of certain anomalous characters,<br />
which do not altogether correspond with either of the two genera.<br />
The character which separates MasderaUia from Plcuruthallis is<br />
that in the former the base of the dorsal sepal is united with the<br />
lateral pair to form a tube, of variable length in the different species,<br />
while in the latter there is no such union, consequently no tube.<br />
There is no other character which applies to all the species that<br />
can be relied upon to separate the two genera.<br />
The remarkable amount of unifox^mity which prevails throughout<br />
the very numerous species of these two genera does not altogether<br />
apply to the little group in question, which Professor Pfitzer now<br />
proposes to separate, under the name Scaphosepahun (Engler and<br />
Prantl., ' Natiirliche Pflanzenfamilien,' vol. i., Orchidace;c, p. 139),<br />
in allusion to the scooped-out or boat-like arrangement of the<br />
united pair of lateral sepals. The following are its essential<br />
characters :—The flowers are invariably inverted as compared with<br />
the two genera named—that is, the lateral sepals and the lip are<br />
invariably uppermost, while the odd sepal and the column are<br />
underneath. The dorsal sepal is either free or so nearly so that the<br />
union is barely perceptible ; while the lateral pair are united for<br />
some distance into a curiously curved and concave body, and then<br />
sharply turned outwards into a pair of diverging tails, which differ<br />
greatly in shape in the different species. The lip is a very curiously<br />
curved and crumpled body, which is not easily described in a few<br />
words, but, like the other characters named, totally unlike anything<br />
seen in either PleurothaUis or Masdevallia. In short, Scaphosepalum<br />
differs more from either of these two genera than they do<br />
from each other, and therefore I think its separation fully justified.<br />
The exclusion of this group from Masdevallia leaves that genus far<br />
more homogeneous in character, as well as more strictly separable<br />
from Fleurothallis. I now think that the anomalous species I<br />
described some time ago (Gard. Chron. 1888, pt. 2, p. 178) as<br />
Masdevallia 2>lutyrhac1iis must be referred to PleurothaUis.<br />
The following are the species :<br />
1. S. ANCHORiFERUM. Masdecallia anchorifera Echb. f,, in Gard.<br />
Chron., 1884, i. p. 577.—Costa Rica. It is allied to 8. ochthodes.<br />
ii.<br />
2. S. BREVE. Masdevallia brevis Echb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1883,<br />
p. 588.—British Guiana, Roraima district. Allied to the preceding<br />
species aud *S', macrodactylum.<br />
3. S. GIEBEROSUM.<br />
Chron., 1876, i. p. 8 ;<br />
Masdevallia gibberosa Rchb. f., in<br />
Bot. Mag., t. 6990. — New Granada.<br />
Gard.<br />
4. S. MACRODACTYLUM. Masdevallla macrodactijla<br />
Gard. Chron., 1872, p. 571.—New Granada.<br />
Rchb. f., in<br />
5. S. OCHTHODES Pfitz., iu Engl, and Prantl., Natiirl. Pflanzenfam.,<br />
i. Orch. p. 189. Masdevallia oclithudes Rchb. f., in Bonplandia,<br />
iii. (1855), p. 70.— New Granada, discovered by Wagoner, near<br />
San Pedro and Turmcro, at an altitude of 6000 feet.
NOTKS ON PONDWEEDS. 137<br />
G. S. PULViNARE. ]\I((sdf'rallit( pulcinaris Eclib. f., in Gard.<br />
Cliron., 1880, i. p. 200.—Columbia ?<br />
7. S. PUNCTATUM, Masdevallia j^unctnta Rolfe, in Gard. Chron.,<br />
1888, ii. p. 323. — New Granada ? Closely allied to S. swertice-<br />
J'uiium.<br />
8. S. swERTi^FOLiuii. MaadevolHa sivertmfolia Rchb. f., in Gard.<br />
Chron., 1880, ii. p. 390. Discovered by Lehmanu on the Western<br />
Cordillera of New Granada.<br />
9. S. vEEEUcosuM Pfitzer, in Engl, and Prautl., Natiirl. Pflanzenfam.,<br />
i. Orch. p. 139. Masdevallia verrucosa Ptclib. f., in<br />
Linna^a, xxii. (1849), p. 819. Pleurnthallis verriicosa Pichb. f., in<br />
Bonplandia, ii. (1854) p. 24. —New Granada, near La Baja, in the<br />
province of Pamplona, at 8200 feet elevation, Funck and Schlim,<br />
No. 1439.<br />
NOTES ON PONDWEEDS.<br />
By Alfred Fryer.<br />
PoTAMOGETON DECipiENS Nolte. Ilootstock Striking deeply into<br />
the soil with strong far-spreading stolons ; stem stout, round,<br />
simple below, sparingly branched above the middle ; all the<br />
branches spreading ultimately at the surface of the water, with<br />
widely diverging branchlets. Leaves all submerged, semi-amplexicaul,<br />
or npper sessile; alternate, opposite at the base of the peduncles<br />
only ; lowest leaf very rarely reduced to a short strap-shaped<br />
phyllode which is rounded at the tip and mucronate, or with a<br />
narrow lamina attenuated towards each end. Ordinary leaves all<br />
similar, oblong, strap- shaped, rounded and mucronate at the apex,<br />
or narrowed and apiculate, upper rarely orbicular, flat, or involute<br />
at the base, sometimes longitudinally folded and recurved, with 3<br />
princii)al ribs on each side of the midrib, the two outer sprijii/iv;/<br />
from the base of the leaf, the inner from the midrib itself, with fainter<br />
intermediate ribs connected by numerous conspicuous transverse<br />
veins. Stipules blunt, stout, long ; those on the upper branchlets<br />
longer than the internodes ; herbaceous, persistent ; those at the<br />
base of the stem sometimes dilated towards the tip into a leaf-like<br />
lobe, those at the base
138 NOTES OM PONDWEEDS.<br />
this view is not supported by its local distribution, nor by its leafstructure<br />
and habit of growth, which latter is that of F. perfoUatus.<br />
This origin is also rendered highly improbable by the early flowering<br />
of P. prtBlomjus, which is usually in fruit by<br />
flowers of P. hicms begin to expand.<br />
the time the first<br />
Although mature fruit of P. decijnens is never produced, yet<br />
isolated plants which are apparently seedlings are not unfrequently<br />
found in remote localities, to which it is almost impossible that ofl"sets<br />
of living plants could be carried by natural means. In<br />
these situations a single plant only is usually found, which often<br />
presents some slight individual peculiarity sufficient to distinguish<br />
it alike from the type, or from other local forms. These plants are<br />
always found growing with the supposed parents ; I have never<br />
met with them in localities where Lucimfi and perfuliams were not<br />
present. In waters where P. decipiens grows more abundantly it<br />
occupies large spaces or beds, evidently by the extension of the<br />
strong- growing rootstock ; each of these beds is composed of plants<br />
which do not vary year after year, but it will often happen that three<br />
or four beds, each tenanted by a slightly differing variety, occur iu the<br />
space of a few yards, too near for local causes to produce variation,<br />
and yet so constantly distinct as to induce the belief that each bed of<br />
plants is the produce of a diflerent seed. Under cultivation, as far<br />
as I have been able to observe, local forms of P. decipiens remain<br />
very constant, which is not the case with those of some species of<br />
FoUniKHjeton. Although these facts are not conclusive proofs of a<br />
hybrid origin for P. decipiens, they present an accumulated weight of<br />
evidence which is difficult to rebut.<br />
Before I thoroughly knew this plant I frequently passed it<br />
over in its early states as P. liicens, or when in flower as 1\ per-<br />
foliatus. It resembles the latter species in tbe lower stipules expanded<br />
into ear-like leaves towards the tip, and in the lower leaves,<br />
which are nurruw and. slif/htli/ stalked in butJi species, although rarely<br />
present in this state. The alliances, and probably the origin, of<br />
the species of Futamorjeton must be sought in their early stages,<br />
which often present features which entirely disappear with the<br />
growth of the plant. Thus stipules with adnate leaves are<br />
frequently met with on young stems of most species of Futamoffeton,<br />
while in P. pectinatiis, belonging to a group characterised by<br />
adnate leaves, the lower leaf is often merely sessile !<br />
I am indebted to Dr. Tiselius, of [Stockholm, for a very<br />
beautiful series of Swedish forms of F. decipiens, and he expresses<br />
a very decided opinion that this species is the same as F. salicifolius<br />
of Wolfgang, of which he possesses an original specimen<br />
which agrees iu all respects with a form named by him 1'. uj^saliensis.<br />
Dr. TiseHus labels a plant which is exactly like our fenland<br />
decipiens,<br />
" POTAMOGETON UPSALIENSIS Milli.<br />
= salici/ulius Wolfg.<br />
= litliiianicHs Gorski.<br />
= lanccolatus Reich, non Sm.<br />
Omnes fornue /'. decipientis Noltc."
NOTES ON PONDWEEDS. 139<br />
A specimen which Dr. Tisehas has also sent me, named by him<br />
"]'. stilivi/olius Wolf."' (and of which he says, " Hioc planta<br />
omnino est cougruens cum speciminibus orig. a Wolfgang in fluvio<br />
Vilia prope Wilnam lectis "), is very like the early state of a form<br />
of r. (lecijiieiis from the Warwick Canal, kindly sent to me by ]\Ir.<br />
H. Bromwich. This latter plant was distributed by the Exchange<br />
Club as " P. decipiens var. affined It differs in some respects from<br />
the type of Nolte,''' but may, I think, be placed under /*. ilecipiens.<br />
Here also I would place a plant, distributed by the Rev. Augustin<br />
Ley, and named " P. salicifolius Wolfg." in Lond. Catalogue, ed.<br />
viii. I need hardly say that I am not in any way founding my<br />
estimate of the specific states of the Herefordshire plant on Dr.<br />
Tiselius's notes ; I formed my opinion of the position of the Here-<br />
fordshire plant on quite independent grounds. Indeed, I have not<br />
sufficient knowledge of the specimens and writings of the great<br />
European botanists who have written on the genus l'ot(i)tio(/eton<br />
to enable me to give an opinion as to whether the plants of Wolfgang<br />
and Nolte are referable to the same specific aggregate.<br />
Through the kindness of Professor Babington, I have been able<br />
to examine carefully and repeatedly his unique specimen of " P.<br />
loni/i/oliiis," and I have come to the conclusion that it is certainly a<br />
decijiiens-form, but one that is decidedly more towards Incens than<br />
any other I have seen. While the leaf-structure is that of decipiens,<br />
the peduncle and flower- spike are like those of Iticens, but the flowers<br />
Beem imperfect, and suggest that they are barren.<br />
It may perhaps be possible for P. decipiens to be fertilised by the<br />
pollen of other species ; but in the fens, at least, it never produces any<br />
pollen of its own whatever, the anthers being quite empty. In spite<br />
of this the flower-spikes are visited by insects and may rarely<br />
become fertilised. I am not aware that any author has pretended to<br />
describe the fruit of P. decipiens, although almost all have carefully<br />
described the hitherto unseen fruit of P. nitens\ P. decipiens is<br />
one of the most beautiful species known, almost equalling P. pntloiiffus<br />
in the colour and delicacy of its leaves. In warm summers<br />
it flowers freely, and tlie drupelets swell for a short time and give<br />
promise of maturity which is not fulfilled. It is rather connnon<br />
in tlie Cambridgeshire fens around Chatteris, but I have met with<br />
one patch of it only in Huntingdonshire, just within the border of<br />
the county at Earith.<br />
Although we must almost certainly regard this plant as a hybrid,<br />
I am in favour of I'etaining the specific name of Nolte, at all<br />
events until its rank is definitely settled by actual experiment in<br />
cross-breeding, or by more complete observation in the field. Possibly<br />
many "species" of fertile Potamogetons are of hybrid origin; but<br />
this note is already too long, so I must reserve any further remarks<br />
on this subject for a subsequent paper.<br />
• I have Mr. Bromwich's plant under cultivation, and hope tc make it the<br />
subject of a subsequent note when more fully observed.
140<br />
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA. AND SPECIES OF MALVEM.<br />
By Edmund G. Baker, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 18.)<br />
Subtribus 2. Eumalve.e. — Carpella simphci serie verticillata.<br />
Ovula soliLaria adscendentia.<br />
IV, ALTH/EA* Cav. Diss. ii. p. 91.—Bracteolfe 6-9 connatae.<br />
Receptaculum seu axis fructus carpella non superans. StyJi intus<br />
longitudinaliter stigmatosi.<br />
Sect. 1. Alth^astrum. AHluva Linn. Gen. n. 839; DC. Prod,<br />
i. 436. — Bracteolae sapius 8-9. Carpella iinilocularia intus pro-<br />
cessu pericarpii destituta.<br />
=!= Annu(£.<br />
1. Alth^a hirsuta L. ; DC. Prod. i. 437; Rclib. Ic. Flor.<br />
Germ. v. t. 172 ; Cosson et Durieu, Explor. de I'Algerie, t. 69,<br />
fig. 3 ; Eng. Bot. ed. 3, t. 277. — Hirsuta aspera, stipulis ovatis<br />
cuspidatis, foliis iuferioribus snborbiciilaribus, superioribus 3-5-<br />
palraitidis, pedunculis solitariis luiifioris, bracteolis lanceolatis<br />
calyce brevioribus, calycis lobis erectis lanceolatis, petalis subfequi-<br />
longis, carpellis glabris rugosis niargine obtusis.<br />
Hab. Soutli and Central Europe ! Algeria ! to Persia !<br />
Stem 3 in. to 2 ft. Ingb ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals -J in. ; petals<br />
1 in. long.<br />
Var. GRANDiFLORA Ball in Journ. Bot. 1873, p. 302. AltlKra<br />
hnvjijiora Boiss. et Reut. Diagn. No. 13; Explor. de I'Algerie, t. 69,<br />
fig. 2.—Corolla calyce duplo longiore, carpellis dorso carinatis.<br />
Hab. Andalusia. New Castille. Marocco !<br />
Petals often an inch or more long.<br />
Algeria<br />
2. A. LuDwiGii L. ; DC. Prod. i. 437. Malva maUcensis Edgew.<br />
in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. 284. A. (jariepemis E. Mey. in lierb.<br />
Drege.—Hirsuta, caulibus prostratis, foliis orbicularibus lobatis vel<br />
3-5-fidis lobis cuneatis, pedicellis axillaribus brevissimis, floribus<br />
congestis, bracteolis lanceolatis villosis, calycis lobis villosis, petalis<br />
calyce sublongioribus, carpellis glabris rugosis.<br />
Hab. Punjab ! Beloocliistan. Persia. Cape of Good Hope !<br />
Arabia Petra^a ! Egypt ! Sicily. Algeria ! Marocco !<br />
Leaves -| in. ; bracts \ in. ; sepals ^ in. ; petals \ in. long.<br />
*=:: Peren lies.<br />
3. A. OFFICINALIS L. ; DC. Prod. i. 436 ; Rclib. Ic. Flor. Germ.<br />
V. t. 173 ; Eng. Bot. ed. 3, t. 278. — Caule erecto, stipulis lineari-<br />
lanceolatis, foliis utrinque molliter tomentusis inferioribus ovatis<br />
* Alefekl, in Oest. Bot. Zeit. 1862, pp. 260— 2()1, has newly defined AWuca,<br />
in which he includes many well-known species of Lavatera and Ma lea. The<br />
synonyms thus created have not been cited by Boissier or Nynian, nor have they<br />
been ado])ted elsewhere ; and it does not seem necessary to include them in this<br />
enumeration.
SYNOPSIS OF OENRUA AST) SPKCIKS OF MAI.VE.E. 141<br />
basi cordatis cuneatis vel subcordatis superioribiis interdum trilobis<br />
sen-atis, pedunculis axillavibus niultilloris folio brevioribus, bracte-<br />
olis lauceolatis calyce brevioribus, sepalis triangularibus, carpellis<br />
tomeutosis.<br />
Hab. Central and Southern Europe ! Algeria! Orient!<br />
Stems 2-4 ft. high ; leaves 2-3 in. ; bracts J in. ; sepals ^ in. ;<br />
petals i-f in. long.<br />
Subsp. 1. A. iNDicA = A. officinalis var. taurinensis Mast, in<br />
Fl. Brit. Ind. i. p. <strong>31</strong>9, non DC. — Foliis leviter tomentosis,<br />
pedunculis axillaribus brevibus paucifloris.<br />
Hab. Kashmir<br />
Subsp. 2. A. TAURINENSIS DC. Prod. i. 43G ; Rchb. Ic. Flor.<br />
Germ. v. t. 174. A. offidnalls p. Willd. Sp. 3, p. 771. — Fohis<br />
utrinque molliter tomentosis, pedunculis axillaribus paucifloris<br />
folio sublongioribus, bracteolis acuminatis.<br />
Hab. Italy ! Dalmatia<br />
4. A. ARMENAicA Tcu. Ind. Hort. Neap. 1837. A. taurinensis<br />
C. A. Mey. Ind. Cauc. p. 207, non DC. A. multijiora Echb.<br />
Ic. Flor. Germ. v. t. 174. — Caule erecto, foliis tenuiter tomentosis<br />
inferioribus palmatipartitis superioribus tripartitis, pedunculis<br />
axillaribus congestis plurifloris folio fequilongis vel longioribus,<br />
bracteolis lanceolatis, sepalis ovatis acuminatis, petalis cuneiformibus<br />
retusis, carpellis stellatim hirtulis dorso rugosis.<br />
Hab. Servia! Hungary. Cappadocia. Syria. Armenia. Turkestan<br />
! Western and Central Siberia !<br />
Stem 2-3 ft. high; leaves 2 in. long; bracts^ in.; sepals^ in.;<br />
I)etals ^ in. long.<br />
5. A. cANNABiNA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 43G ; Echb. Ic. Flor. Germ.<br />
V. t. 173. A. Kotschiji Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, i. p. 102. — Caule<br />
erecto, stipulis lineari-lanceolatis, foliis 3-5-palmatifidis vel ovatis<br />
lobatisque tomentosis serratis, pedunculis axillaribus 1-x -floris<br />
folio longioribus, bracteolis calyce brevioribus, calycis lobis oblongis<br />
cuspidatis, carpellis glabris dorso rugosis.<br />
Hab. From Spain! and France! to Persia!<br />
Stem 2-5 ft. high ; leaves 2 in. ; bracts } in. ; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals 5 in. long.<br />
Subsp. A. NARBONENsis Pourr. ; DC. Prod. i. 43G; Jacq. Ic. PI.<br />
t. 138. — Foliis inferioribus palmatilobatis, fioribus carpellisque<br />
minoribus.<br />
Ilab. South France ! Italy ! Spain<br />
Sect. 2. Alcea Linn. Gen. n. 840. — Bractcolas G (raro 7-0).<br />
Carpella subbilocularia processu interno pericarpii.<br />
*Apter(>carpfc Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 82G. — Carpelli dorsum planum<br />
vel canaliculatum marginibus obtusis acutis vel obsoletis nee in<br />
alam membranaceam expansis.<br />
G. A. Aucheki Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 1, vi. p. 28. Alcm Auchcri<br />
Boiss. Fl. Or. i. H2G,—Caule hiproso humili ramoso, foliis pannosis
142 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVK^,<br />
crassis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis interdum lobatis basi subcordatis,<br />
pedunculis calyce longioribus petiole brevioribus, bracteolis lineari-<br />
lanceolatis calyce triplo brevioribus, sepalis ovatis acutis, petalis<br />
roseis, carpellis liirtis transverse rugosis margine acutis.<br />
Hab. Central and Southern Persia ! Afghanistan !<br />
Stem 1 ft. long ; leaves 2^ in. long, If in. broad ; petiole sometimes<br />
2 in. ; bracts | in. ; sepals f in. ; petals 1^ in. long. Easily<br />
recognised by thick indumentum and narrow lanceolate bracts.<br />
7. A. suLPHUREA Boiss. et Hohen. in Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 1, viii. p.<br />
108. Alcea sulpliurca Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 827.— Caulibus erectis tenuiter<br />
tomentosis, foliis pannosis flavidis ovatis vel suborbicularibus basi<br />
cordatis vel cuneatis lobatis subtus nervis prominentibus, bracteolis<br />
ovato lanceolatis calyce triplo brevioribus, sepalis ovatis acutis<br />
tomentosis, petalis flavidis, carpellis dorso transverse rugosis liirtis<br />
margine acutis.<br />
Hab. Persia<br />
Stem 3 ft. high ; leaves 2-3 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals J in.<br />
petals 1^ in. long.<br />
/3. MicROCHiTON Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 827. A. rhyticarpa Trautv. in<br />
Sched. PI. Schrenk.—Bracteolis calyce dimidio brevioribus.<br />
Hab. Persia. Afghanistan. Songoria<br />
A. rhyticarpa Trautv. may be a distinct species.<br />
8. A. ACAULis Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 437. Alcea acaulis Boiss. Fl.<br />
Or. i. 827. — Acaulis vel caule brevi a basi florifero, foliis subpannosis<br />
longe petiolatis reniformibus interdum lobatis basi subcordatis<br />
tomentosis crenatis, pedunculis brevibus, bracteolis acutis calyce<br />
triplo brevioribus, calycis lobis acutis, petalis roseis interdum albis,<br />
carpellis glabris transverse rugosis.<br />
Hab. Syria ! Palestine<br />
Stem 1^-1 ft. long; leaves 1| in.; petiole sometimes G in.;<br />
bracts ^ in. ; sepals |^ in. ; petals 1 in. long.<br />
9. A. RUFESCENS Boiss. Diagn. Ser. ii. 1, p. 102. Alcea riifescens<br />
Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 828. — Caule tenuiter rufescenti-tomentoso humili<br />
inferne ramoso ramis virgatis, foliis ovatis trilobatis basi subcordatis,<br />
pedunculis brevibus, bracteolis triangularibus calyce triplo brevi-<br />
oribus, calycis lobis oblongis acutis, petalis flavidis, carpellis hirtis<br />
margine acutis.<br />
Hab. Syria ! Palestine.<br />
Stem 1^-2 ft. ; leaves 5 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals 1 in. ; petals,<br />
11 in. long. This plant may be distinguished from the preceding<br />
by its lax raceme, in which the flowers are not subtended by leaves.<br />
10. A. REMOTiFLORA Boiss. et Heldr. in Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 1. viii.<br />
p. 108. Alce(( ronotijlora Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 828.—Caule humili tomentoso<br />
griseo scabrido virgato, ramis tenuibus, foliis parvis ultra medium<br />
5-7-palmatipartitis, floribus 1-2 axillaribus, pedunculis brevibus,<br />
bracteolis triangularibus, calyce dimidio brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis<br />
acutis, petalis obcordatis pallide roseis, carpellis rugosis<br />
angustis facie glabris ad medium dorsi puberulis.<br />
Hab. Pamphylia ! Armenia.<br />
Stem l\-2 ft. ; leaves 1 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals nearly h in.
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE.E. 143<br />
petals J in. long. In Herb. Kew there is a plant from Kedesli<br />
Naplithah ( W. A. Hayne) near reinotijiom ,yvhic\i has longer peduncles<br />
and petioles, and larger petals.<br />
11. A. LAVATERJEFLORA DC. Prod. i. 437. AUIuea dii/itata Boiss.<br />
Diagn. Ser. 1, viii. p. 106. A. lavatcnejlom Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 828.<br />
Caule erecto piloso, foliis longe petiolatis magnis adpresse tomentellis<br />
infimis ultra medium palmatilobatis lobis oblongis obtusis<br />
irregulariter crenatis, floribus solitariis remotis, pedunculis brevibus,<br />
bractcolis calyce subtequantibus, sepalis hirsutis, petalis obcordatis<br />
violaceis, carpellis hirtis undique rugosulis.<br />
Hab. Syria ! Palestine ! Afghanistan<br />
Stem 3-5 ft. ; leaves 3-4 in. ; bracts f in. ; sepals 1 in. ; petals<br />
\\ in. long.<br />
/i. GLABRESCENS Boiss. Fl. Or. 820. = A. ceriypiiaca Boiss. Diagn.<br />
Ser. 2, i. p. 103.—Caulibus glabris, foliis ad medium palmatilobatis.<br />
Hab. Egypt<br />
? y. KiRRiNDENSis Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 829 = A. Jdnindemis Boiss.<br />
Diagn. Ser. 2, v. p. 67. — Caulibus prteter setulas diifusas glabris,<br />
bracteolis calyce dimidio brevioribns.<br />
Hab. Kirrind, Persia.<br />
12. A. dissecta, n. sp.—Caule crasso erecto tereti glabro, foliis<br />
profunde palmatilobatis segmentis oblongo-linearibus membranaceis<br />
glabris scn-atis, petiolis folio brevioribus, floribus axillaribus<br />
solitariis foliis non subtendentibus, pedunculis bracteolis multo<br />
longioribus, bracteolis brevibus cuspidatis externe glabris non striatis<br />
calyce triplo brevioribus, sepalis oblongo-lauceolatis, petalis obcordatis,<br />
carpellis apterocarpis margine acutis transverse rugosia<br />
hirtis.<br />
Hab. Galilee, Lou-ne ! Duma, Post ! Hb. Kew.<br />
Stem 3-4 ft. high ; segments of leaves 3-4 in. by f in. ;<br />
2-3 in. long ; bracts \ in. ; sepals a little over ^ in. petals ;<br />
petiole<br />
1^ in.<br />
long. This plant is related to A. hiniterajiora DC, but it is easily<br />
distinguished from this species by its deeply-divided glabrous leaves<br />
and short bracts.<br />
13. A. sETosA Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 1, viii. p. 107. Alcva setosa<br />
Boiss. Flor. Or. i. 829. — Caule elato simplici petiolisque setis<br />
defiexis hispidis, foliis sparsim hirtis cordato-orbiculatis obtusissime<br />
5-7 lobis, racemo lougo basi excepta aphyllo, pedunculis bractcolis<br />
icquilongis, sepalis calyce subbrevioribus calycisquc laciniis valde<br />
tomentoso-hirtis triaugularibus, petalis obcordatis intense purpureis,<br />
carpellis (junioribus) dorso hirtis planiusculis.<br />
Hab. Palestine.<br />
Stem 4-6 ft. high.<br />
14. A. STRIATA DC. Prod. i. p. 437. Alcca striata Boiss. Fl. Or.<br />
i. 829. — Caule erecto tenuiter tomcntello, foliis longe petiolatis<br />
cordato-ovatis intcrdnra loi)atis crenatis, iloribus 1-2 axillaribus<br />
remotis, pedunculis brevibus, bractcolis calyce triplo brevioribus,<br />
sepalis lineatis lanccolatis acutis, petalis obcordatis pallide roseis,<br />
carpellis glabris rugosis.<br />
Hab. Siiiai ! Arabia Potrtra !
144 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF jrAIA'E.T:.<br />
Stem 2-G ft, high ; petioles 4-8 in. long ; leaves 2-3 in. ;<br />
bracts i in. ; sepals ^ in. ; petals 1-1| in. long.<br />
(3. AssYRiACA Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 829. — Caule subcrassiori, petalis<br />
mtense violaceis. A. leucantha Ehrnb. Echb. ; Ic. Bot. Exot. t. 213,<br />
is probably this plant.<br />
15. A. LAsiocALYciNA. Alcea lasiocalycina Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 830.<br />
—Caule erecto tenuiter tomentello, foliis membranaceis suborbicularibus<br />
vel palmatifidis lobatis serratis, floribus 1-2 axillaribus,<br />
racemo brevi subaphyllo, bracteolis calyce subaBquantibus lanceo-<br />
latis acutis, sepalis lanceolatis acutis tonientosis, petalis retusis<br />
sulphureis vel pallide roseis, carpellis hirtis rugosulis.<br />
Hab. Tang, Armenia<br />
Stem 2-3 ft.; leaves 6 in. in diameter; bracts i in.; sepals<br />
petals 2 in. long.<br />
I in. ;<br />
16. A. Haussknechtii. Alcea Haussknechtii Boiss. Fl. Or. i.<br />
830.—Caule elongato breviter tomentoso scabro in racemum dense<br />
floriferum lougum foliosum abeunti, foliis cordato-orbiculatis obtuse<br />
6-7 lobis, pedunculis inferioribus calyci sequilongis superioribus<br />
brevissimis, bracteolis calyce triplo brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis<br />
acutis, petalis bilobis longe unguiculatis intense violaceo nigricantibus.<br />
Hab. Tcharmelik, Syria.<br />
Eaceme 2-3 ft. long ; sepals ^ in. ; petals 2 in. long.<br />
17. A. APTERocARPA Fenzl Cat. Hort. Vindob. 1858. Alcea<br />
apterocarpa Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 830.—Caule erecto adpresse tomentoso,<br />
foliis suborbicularibus vel palmatilobatis serratis, pedunculis brevi-<br />
bus, bi'acteolis calyce subtequentibus triangularibus acutis, sepalis<br />
lanceolatis acutis tonientosis, petalis roseis vel purpureis, carpellis<br />
rugosissimis hirtis marginibus acutis.<br />
Hab. Attica ! Lycia ! Cilicia<br />
Stem 3-4 ft. high ; leaves 2 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals f in.<br />
petals 1^ in. long.<br />
/?. LiLAciNA = A. lilaciiia Boiss. et Ky. Fl. Or. i. 8<strong>31</strong>. — Foliis<br />
ovatis lobatis, floribus lilacinis,<br />
Hab. Gumgum, Armenia<br />
I doubt this plant being really distinct from A. rosea Cav.<br />
18. A. poNTicA. Alcea pontica Janka, Brev. ii. No. 20. — Caule<br />
a basi ramos paucos et fequilongos edenti, foliis longe petiolatis<br />
amplis peltatis vel orbiculatis pentagonis crenatis supra parce<br />
subtus densius tomentoso pubescentibus ramealibus trilobatis,<br />
pedunculo bracteolis breviore, bracteolis calyce sequilongis, sepalis<br />
elevatim lineatis tonientosis ovato triangularibus, petalis retusis<br />
violaceis, carpellis hirsutis facie reticulatis dorso marginibus acutis.<br />
Hab. Eumili Phanar, Bosphorus, Janka.<br />
Stem 3 ft. high ; petals 1^ in. long.<br />
19. A. MicRocHiTON. Alcea microckiton Alef. in Oest. Bot. Zeit.<br />
18G2, p. 254. — Caule erecto inferne glabro superne griseo, foliis<br />
ovatis adpresse tonientosis, floribus axillaribus solitariis in axilis<br />
foliorum, pedunculis inferioribus calyce a^quilougis, bracteolis triangularibus<br />
dimidio calyce brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis acutis,
A NEW LASTREA FROM ASSAM. 145<br />
petalis bilobis intense violaceis, carpellis tenuiter rugosis margine<br />
acutis.<br />
Hab. Pamphylia, Heldreick !<br />
Stem 2-3 ft. liigli ; leaves 1-2 in. long ; bracts J in. ; sepals<br />
^ in. ; petals 1^ in. long.<br />
20. A. Loftusii, n. sp. — Caule erecto flexuoso inferne tereti<br />
glabro superne minute adpresse tomentoso, stipulis parvis lineari-<br />
lanceolatis, petiolis inferioribus laminis sequilongis, foliis ovatis vel<br />
oblongis basi cmieatis vel subcordatis margiue iutegris subtus<br />
nervis prominentibus, pedunculis axillaribus longis 1-2 floribus,<br />
bracteolis triaugularibus acutis dimidio calyce brevioribus, sepalis<br />
oblongis acutis tomentosis, petalis magnis obcordatis, carpellis<br />
canaliculatis ad medium dorso hirtis transverse rugosis marginibus<br />
acutis, seminibus i-eniformibus.<br />
Hab. Mountains of Mungerrah, near Dizful, Persia, No. 43,<br />
W. K. Loftus ! Herb. Mus. Brit.<br />
Leaves 4-5 in. long, 2-3 in. broad ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals | in.<br />
petals nearly 2 in. long.<br />
(To be continued.^<br />
A NEW LASTREA FEOM ASSAM.<br />
By C. W. Hope.<br />
Nephrodium [Lastrea) Mannii, u. sp. — Rhizome suberect (?),<br />
clotbod with nearly linear, pale-brown, hair-pointed scales ; stipes<br />
tufted, very long, longer even than frond, stiti', wiry, and, together<br />
with the main rachis, channelled deeply on upper side and slightly<br />
on under side ; stipe and iiiain rachis densely clothed to within a few<br />
inches of apex of frond with hairy scales (or hairs), three-eighths<br />
of an inch and less in length, changing rapidly upwards fi-om the<br />
colour of those on the rhizome to very dark brown ; frond oblong-<br />
lanceolate, truncate at base, 18j in. long, 6i- in. broad halfway up,<br />
increasing to OJ in. at base, upper half lanceolate, gradually<br />
acuminate ; pinnm narrow, oblong, slightly falcate, acuminate<br />
towards tip, about 12 pairs distinctly stalked, above which the<br />
lowest pinnule on lower side becoming decurrent on main rachis,<br />
upper 20 or more pairs sessile, distance between pinujie gradually increasing<br />
downwards to 1^ in. ; lowest pair of pinuiB slightly the<br />
longest, nearly 5 in. long ; pinnae of lower half of frond bipinnate<br />
for part of the way up (/. e., towards base cut down quite to the<br />
rachis and with intervals between the pinnules), as to the rest of<br />
the frond to within 4 in. of tip cut down to rachis but for a distinct<br />
sinus between each into oblong, falcate segments, unequally rounded<br />
at point, decurrent on rachises ; piumc :| in. and rather more wide at<br />
base of frond, scarcely diminishing in width till near the apex<br />
pinnules of segments J^ths of an inch long by y.-.ths broad, entire<br />
in the upper part of the frond and becoming gradually lobcd (most<br />
so on lower side) towards the base, not anywhere toothed at apices ;<br />
JouKNAr. OK Botany.—Vol. 28. [i\r.\v, 1890.] L
146 A NEW LASTEEA FROM ASSAM.<br />
lowest pair of piunfe very unequal- sided, being eared (like Pteris<br />
(juadriaurita Retz.) by prolongation of several pinnules on lower<br />
side to 2 in. in length, these pinnules being nearly f chs of an inch<br />
wide and piunatifid nearly to the racliis ; lowest pair of pinnules<br />
of each pinna of lowest three-quarters of frond cordate and not<br />
decurrent at base, and those of lowest pinnte almost stalked ; in<br />
upper part of frond costm of lowest pinnules on lower side of pinna<br />
springing from main and not from secondary rachis ; texture<br />
herbaceous ; secondary rachises and costaB of pinnules pubescent,<br />
especially above, and near main rachis clothed like it, but chiefly<br />
underneath, with black-brown hair-like scales, replaced upwards on<br />
pinnae by adpressed dark-brown linear glands ; costae of pinnules<br />
and the veins above furnished also with small pale-coloured narrow<br />
scales or glands, and the whole upper surface of lamina closely<br />
covered with very minute short hair-like glands ; veins in upper<br />
portion of frond all simple, 5-6 on either side of a pinnule, lower<br />
down (where pinnules are lobed), veins of lower lobes forked ; sori<br />
medial on the veins, and sometimes also on the veinlets ; involucres<br />
persistent, shrivelling up from point of attachment.<br />
This description has been written from a single specimen, consisting<br />
of one frond, attached to a section of apes of rhizome, with<br />
another young curled-up frond attached, which is densely clothed<br />
with the characteristic black-brown hairs,—received from Mr.<br />
Gustav Mann, Conservator of Forests, Assam, and collected by<br />
him at Dighai (or Digbai), Makum Forest, Lakkimpur, Upper<br />
Assam, in March, 1889.<br />
The noteworthy features of the fern are the great and almost<br />
disproportionate length of stipe, the dark-hairiness of stipe and<br />
rachises, and the unequalsideness and compound division of the<br />
lowest pair of pinns (if this be a constant feature), as contrasted<br />
with the narrow shape and simple cutting of the rest of the pinnae.<br />
The above description was sent to Mr. Mann for approval, and<br />
in returning it without alteration he said, in a letter dated from<br />
camp in the Garo Hills, that he was away from his collection and<br />
should probably not return to head-quarters for five months, and<br />
therefore could not refer to bis other specimens of the fern ; but<br />
he said that the description was near enough, and added :— "I have<br />
always considered it a distinct species. It is very constant, and I<br />
have collected it in three different localities very far apart, namely<br />
Dighai, in Upper Assam ; the southern base of the Khasi Hills,<br />
near the Sylhet district ; and in Cachar. I have never distributed<br />
this fern, because I considered it new, and only sent it to you.<br />
One of the reasons why I considered it not a form of Filix-mas,^'<br />
if these can be called so at all, is that it grows, speaking broadly,<br />
in the plains, generally at or near the foot of hills, at no elevation,<br />
or at any rate not more thaia about 500 ft. above the level of the<br />
sea, whilst all the so-called forms of Filix-mas are temperate ferns,<br />
growing at 6000 ft. altitude, and more in this part of India. I<br />
* A well-known authority, who had seen a specimen, had named it N. Filix-<br />
mas var.
MARINE ALG^ OF DEVON. 147<br />
have now 16 specimens of it, but hope to get some more within the<br />
next five months. It is not a very rare fern, neither is it common,<br />
and it is so distinct that a man, even if he were bhndfolded, could<br />
make it out by tlie touch."<br />
MARINE ALG^ OF DEVON.<br />
By E. M. Holmes, F.L.S.<br />
In a list of the Marine Algae of Devonshire, by E. Parfitt,<br />
published in the ' Transactions of the Devonshire Association for<br />
the Advancement of Science, Literature, and Art,' the number of<br />
species recorded is given as <strong>31</strong>8. From an examination of the<br />
species enumerated, it seems doubtful whether Mr. Parfitt has<br />
seen the list by Mr. J. Boswarva, of Plymouth, from which some<br />
additional localities for Devon algte might have been quoted ; and<br />
it may therefore be useful to place those on record, and to add to<br />
them some other species which I myself have met with in Devonshire.<br />
The additions to Mr. Parfitt's list are marked with an<br />
asterisk.<br />
Pijcnophycus tuhcrculatus Huds. Mt, Batten, Boswarva. Abundant<br />
at Bovisand and Wembury, also near Plymouth, E. M. H.<br />
*Fuciis platycarims Born. Plymouth and Torquay, E. M. H.<br />
Arthrocladia villosa Duby. Firestone Bay, Plymouth, J. Gatcomhc.<br />
'^'Laminaria flexicaxiUs Le Jol. Common at Plymouth, Torquay,<br />
&c., E. M. H.<br />
*Carpomitra Cabrera; J. Ag. Plymouth Sound, Boswarva.<br />
'^Dictyota ligulata J. Ag. (new to Britain, 1889). Torquay,<br />
E. M. II. (Also Charmouth and Lyme Regis, in Dorsetshire).<br />
Leathesia Berkeleyi Harv. Sidmouth, E. M. H.<br />
EaJj'sia verrucosa J. Ag. It is this species, and not R. demta,<br />
which occurs on the Devon coast. I have seen no British specimen<br />
of Pi. deusta, which appears to be quite a northern species. — *i?.<br />
clavata Farl. Torquay, E. M. II.<br />
Sphacelaria J'usca Agardh. This plant is not so rare as Mr.<br />
Parfitt supposes. I have found it abundantly at Ilfracombe, Torquay,<br />
&c., but it always grows in very shaded pools. — S. olivacea<br />
J. Ag. Ladram Bay, Sidmouth, E. M. II.<br />
* Ertocarpiis simplex Cr. On Codium tomentosuiii, ^ludstone Bay,<br />
Brixham, E. M. II. — ''•E. viresrens Born. Torquay, E. M. II.—<br />
*E. reptans Kjell. Exmouth, K. M. II.— E. Crouani Thur. ]\ISS.<br />
Near Brixham, /','. ^l. II.<br />
'^I'olysiphonia rhunensis Born. Ilfracombe, /•.'. M. H.— P. pulviiiata<br />
Ilarv. The species so named by Mr. Parfitt is in all probability<br />
I'. scrtuUirioiileti J. Ag., which is not uncommon on the Devon<br />
coast, at Torquay, Plymouth, &c., E. M. II.<br />
Lomentarin rejle.ea J. Ag. This plant is abundant at Hele, near<br />
Ilfracombe, and occurs also at Sidmouth and Torquay, /•.'. M. H.<br />
1.2
148 MARINE ALG^ OF DEVON.<br />
*Melobesia Thureti Born. Sidmouth, E. M. H.— *M. Lenormandi<br />
Aresch. Torquay, Plymouth, Sidmouth, Lynmouth, &c., E. M. H.<br />
—M. LamiyiaricB Crn. Sidmouth, &c., E. M. H. — ^-M. CorallinoR<br />
Crn. Sidmouth, &c., E. M. H.<br />
Delesseria angustissima J. Ag. It is extremely doubtful if this<br />
northern plant was found at Ilfracombe by Mr. Grifi&ths, as Mr.<br />
Parfitt states.<br />
'^Xitojihylium<br />
E. M. H.<br />
wicinatum J. Ag. Ladram Bay, Sidmouth,<br />
Rhodijinenia nicieensis Holmes. Torquay, E. M. H.<br />
*Grateloupia dichotoma J. Ag. Eennie Eocks, Plymouth, E. M. H.<br />
— G.Jilicina. Lynmouth, E. M. H.<br />
Microcladia glandulusa Grev. This plant was found parasitical<br />
but at Falmouth I have seen<br />
on stems of Laminaria near Brixham :<br />
it growing on rocks at low water, E. M. H.<br />
'' Calhithmnnion plumula J. Ag., var. Abundant at Mount Edgcumbe,<br />
Plymouth, E. M. H.<br />
'^'Monospora clavata Solier. Sidmouth, E. M. H.<br />
Codiolum gregariuin A, Br. Lynmouth, E. M. H.<br />
*Monostro7na latisswnim Wittr. Budleigh Salterton, Fiev, R. Cress-<br />
well. — "^'M. Grevillei J. Ag. Torquay, E. M. H. — *M. Wittrockii<br />
Born, Plymouth, R. V. Tellam.<br />
''^'Prasiola marina Cr. Pier, Torquay, E. M. H.<br />
Derbesia marina Solier. ( Vancheria marina Harv.). Ladram Bay,<br />
Sidmouth, E. M, H. There appears to be some mistake about the<br />
Vaucheria marina mentioned by Mr. E. Parfitt, since B. marina<br />
usually grows parasitically on other algffi, and not on mud ;<br />
whilst<br />
V. dichotoma var. suhmarina grows freely on mud.<br />
Calothrix pannosa Ag. This plant is C. pulvinata of Agardh. —<br />
C. seniiplena Harv. This is Symploca Harveyi Le Jol. C. hydnoides<br />
Harv. This is Calothrix indvinata Ag.<br />
'^'Symploca fasciculata Kg. On corallines, Ladram Bay, E.M.H.<br />
*Dermocarpa prasinu Eeinsch. On Catenella, Sidmouth, E. M. H.<br />
Lyngbya Carmichaeli Harv., L. speciosa. and L. Cutlerice are now<br />
usually referred to the genus Vlothric as U. fiacca Thur., U. speciosa<br />
Ktz., and U. isogona Thur. respectively, although by a few algolo-<br />
gists they are included under a single sjpecies, Urospora penicilliferum<br />
Aresch.* It is, however, to say the least, convenient to keep<br />
the plants distinct, since they differ in habit as well as in measurements<br />
and consistence.<br />
I may add, in conclusion, that Mr. H. Johnston dredged Carpomitra<br />
Cabrera, Stenogramme interrujAa, Gigartina pistillata, and<br />
Gramdaria vmltipartita in Plymouth Sound last year, so that these<br />
very rare British species are evidently natives of Devon. I also<br />
found the still rarer Gigartina Teedii in its sole British locality<br />
near Torquay, two years ago.<br />
De Tuni, ' yyllogo Algarum,' p. 232.
149<br />
THE GENEEA OF STAPELIE^.<br />
The most recent number (March, 1890) of the ' Icones Plantaruni'<br />
is devoted enth-ely to ilhistrations and descriptions of the<br />
StajieliecB collected by Sir Henry Barkly in South Africa, from the<br />
pen (and in some instances from the pencil) of Mr. N. E. Brown.<br />
Mr. Brown has for twenty years worked assiduously at this<br />
interesting and difficult group of plants, and the present may be<br />
regarded as a contribution to the monograph which we hope for<br />
from his pen. Besides the descriptions and figures, Mr. Brown<br />
gives us a key to the genera, prefaced by an interesting sketch of<br />
the growth of our knowledge of the group, and valuable remarks<br />
based upon his studies of the plants in cultivation as well as in a<br />
dried state. These tend to show that the reduction of genera here<br />
made by Mr. Brown will be carried further as our knowledge of the<br />
group increases. " In spite of having thus limited the genera to<br />
few, rather than increased their numbers," he says, "I am of<br />
opinion that some of the genera still retained are more artificial<br />
than natural ; for instance, Frerea and Triclwcaulon only differ<br />
from raralluma in habit, and Trichocaulon only differs from Hood in<br />
in its corolla, for although some of the species have a different<br />
corona, one has a corona undistinguishable from that of Hoodia;<br />
possibly it would be more logical and convenient, after all, to do as<br />
our predecessors did, and place them all in the genus Stapelia, with<br />
the exception of JJecabelone, Diplocijatha, Duvalia, Huernut, and<br />
Huerniopsis." Thirteen genera, however, are still retained, and<br />
are arranged by Mr. Brown as follows :<br />
I. Corona simple, outer corona wanting (very rudimentary in<br />
Echidnnpnis. See also Caralluma hottentotonim).<br />
1. Stems usually 4-angled, occasionally 5- to 6-angled, short.<br />
Corolla distinctly campanulate ; coronal segments stout, with<br />
the apex produced, erect. 8. Huerniopsis N. E. Br.<br />
Corolla rotate, or rarely with a very short tube, not campanulate<br />
; coronal segments crested on the back. 12. Pia-<br />
RANTHUS E. Br.<br />
2. Stems teretcly many-angled, tcssellate-tuberculate, elongating.<br />
Corolla small, saucer-shaped ; coronal segments not crested.<br />
8. EcHiDNOPsis Hook. f.<br />
II. Corona double, outer corona present, arising from the staminal<br />
tube.<br />
1. Lobes ofthe corolla cohering at their apex. 4. PECTiNARiAlIaw.<br />
2. Lobes of the corolla not cohering at their apex.<br />
A. Limb of the corolla nearly entire, 5-cuspidate, the lobes<br />
almost obsolete, outer cnrona cup-shaped, 5-lobed ; stems<br />
with numerous tuberculate angles, the tubercles bristletipped.<br />
6. HoowA Sweet.
150 THE GENEEA OF STAPEIIE^.<br />
B. Limb of the corolla distinctly and usually deeply 5-lobed<br />
a. Stems terete, bearing distinct leaves an inch long<br />
corolla small, rotate ; outer corona cup-shaped, the inner<br />
coronal segments not produced at the apex. 1. Fkerea<br />
Dalz.<br />
b. Stems thick, covered with confluent tubercles more or<br />
less arranged in numerous rows or spirals, sometimes<br />
irregular, leafless, the tubercles with or without bristletips<br />
; corolla small, cup-shaped, or subcampanulate<br />
outer corona of five deeply bifid or emarginate lobes,<br />
connate at the base, and adnate to the back of the simple<br />
inner coronal segments. 5. Trichocaulon N. E. Br.<br />
c. Stems 6-12 angled, leafless, the angles tuberculate, tubercles<br />
tipped with three bristles, the two side ones deflexed<br />
corolla large, ti;bular-funnel- shaped ; outer corona cupshaped<br />
at the base, produced into ten filiform processes<br />
ending in knobs ; inner coronal segments simple, ovate,<br />
adnate behind to the outer corona. 7. Decabelone Dene.<br />
d. Stems usually 4-angled, rarely 5-6-angled, leafless, or<br />
with rudimentary leaves, angles acute or obtuse, toothed<br />
or tubercled, the tubercles often spine-tipped, sometimes<br />
irregularly placed, rarely obsolete.<br />
f Corolla with a distinct campanulate tube, longer or<br />
shorter than the lobes.<br />
X. Outer corona cup-shaped, at least at the base, the<br />
segments being adnate to the sides of the inner<br />
coronal segments at their base, or connate and adnate<br />
to their back, the margin denticulate or produced into<br />
five short or long bifid or 2-forked lobes ; inner coronal<br />
segments simple or 2-horned, not longer than the<br />
anthers, or produced beyond them into erect points.<br />
2. Caralluma E. Br.<br />
XX. Outer corona of five emarginate or bifid segments,<br />
more or less connate at the base, but not adnate to<br />
the sides or back of the inner coronal segments.<br />
'•' Corolla-tube double, an inner tube with a thickened<br />
rim arising from near the base of the outer tube.<br />
10. DiPLOCYATHA N. E. Br.<br />
** Corolla-tube simple, the base of the sinuses between<br />
the lobes produced into small triangular teeth ;<br />
outer corona sessile on, and partly adnate to, the<br />
base of the corolla. 9. Huernia E. Br.<br />
XXX. Outer corona of five segments free to the base.<br />
(See also Huernia.)<br />
Corolla-lobes 2-4 times longer than broad. 2. Caralluma<br />
E. Br.<br />
Corolla-lobes not much longer than broad. 11. Sta-<br />
PELiA Linn.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 151<br />
ft Corolla rotate and star-like, or broadly cup-shaped,<br />
with or without a raised rim (annulus) on the disc or<br />
base of the cup, sometimes forming a short tube for<br />
the corona, but with no distinct campanulate tube.<br />
The base of the sinuses between the corolla-lobes<br />
produced into triaiigular teeth ; outer corona sessile<br />
on, and aduate to,<br />
ERNIA E. Br.<br />
the base of the corolla. 9. Hu-<br />
00 The base of the sinuses between the corolla-lobes<br />
not produced into teeth ; outer corona not adnate<br />
to the base of the corolla.<br />
8 Outer corona of five segments free to their base,<br />
entire, emarginate, bifid or trifid. (See also next<br />
paragraph, Caralluma.) 11. Stapelia Linn.<br />
88 Outer corona cup-shaped, or the segments very<br />
deeply divided into two subulate lobes, and more<br />
or less adnate at the base to the staminal tube or<br />
base of the inner coronal segments so as to form<br />
a small pouch at the base, rarely quite free to the<br />
base. 2. Caralluma E. Br. (See also Stapelia<br />
intermedia.)<br />
888 Outer corona in one piece, disc-like, pentagonal,<br />
resting on the rim of the annulus, and closing the<br />
spurious tube formed by it ; corolla-lobes more<br />
or less folded lengthwise, and often into narrow<br />
vertical plates. 13. Duvalia Haw.<br />
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BEITISH AND lEISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 110.)<br />
[Now that the serial issue of this Index is approaching completion,<br />
we take the opportunity of announcing that we propose to<br />
issue it in a separate form. Our plan has somewhat extended itself<br />
as the work has proceeded, and no one can be more fully aware<br />
than we are ourselves of the numerous imperfections in our records,<br />
especially in the early part of the alphabet. We hope, therefore,<br />
that everyone who can will kindly send us any corrections or<br />
additions they may have noted as to what has already appeared, as<br />
well as any information as to names not as yet reached. We propose<br />
bringing the work as completely as wc can down to date at<br />
the end of the present year, and issuing it early in 1891, bound in<br />
cloth, at 3s. (5d. per copy, to subscribers whose names are received<br />
before publication, the published price being G.s. Intending subscribers<br />
should send their names, but not the amount of aubbcription,<br />
to the Editor of this Journal, care of the Publishers, 5-1, llatton<br />
Garden, E.G. Due notice will be given when the volume is ready<br />
for distribution.]
152 BIOGBAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Pereira, Jonathan (1804-1853) : b. Slioreditch, 22nd May, 1804;<br />
d. London, 20th Jan. 1853 ; bur. Keusal Green. M.D., Erlangen,<br />
1840. F.K.S., 1838. F.R.C.P., 1845. F.L.S., 1828. Prof.<br />
Mat. Med. Pharm. Soc. 1843. Translation of ' Pharmacopoeia,'<br />
1824. ' Elements of Materia Medica,' 1839-40. Pritz. 243<br />
Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 237; R. S. C. iv. 825; Pharmaceut. Journ.<br />
1852-53, 409, with portr. engr. by D. Pound from daguerrotype<br />
by Mayall. Bust by McDowall at London Hosp. Medal<br />
by Wyon at Pharm. Soc.<br />
Perkins, E. E. (Mrs.) (fl. 1837). "Professor of Botanical Flower<br />
Painting." Of Chelsea. Elements of Botany,' 1837. Lectured<br />
on Botany. Jacks. 39.<br />
Perry, William Groves (1796-1863): b. 1796; d. Warwick,<br />
25th March, 1863. Curator, Warwicksh. Mus. 1840. F.B.S.Ed.,<br />
1840. ' Plantfe Varviceuses Selectee,' 1820. Pritz. 244 ; Jacks.<br />
261 ; Phyt.i. 700; Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed. viii. 14.<br />
Petiver, James (c. 1658-1718) : b. Hillmorton, Warwickshire,<br />
circ. 1658 ; d. London, 20th April, 1718. Apothecary to the<br />
Charterhouse. F.R.S., 1695. Contributed list of Middlesex pi.<br />
to Gibson's ' Camden,' and to Bay's ' Hiatoria,' vols. ii. and iii.,<br />
and 'Synopsis,' ed. 2, and to Phil. Trans. 1697-1717. ' Opera,'<br />
1764. Plants in Hb. Sloane. Sloane MSS. 3330-3338. Pult.<br />
ii. <strong>31</strong> ; Pritz. 245 ; Jacks. 59J ; Fl. Midd. 379. Petiveria Plumier.<br />
Petre, Robert James, 8th. Baron (1713-1743): b. 3rd June,<br />
1713; d. 2nd July, 1743. F.R.S., 17<strong>31</strong>. "The Phoenix of this<br />
age," Collinson. Had garden with large stoves, under Philip<br />
Miller's supervision, at Thorndon, Essex. Introduced Camellia<br />
jaijmica. Eich. Corr. <strong>31</strong>6, 340, 392 ; Linn. Letters, i. 9 ; MS.<br />
on fly-leaf of B.M. copy of Pult. ii. Petrea L.<br />
Phelps, Rev. William (c. 1776-1856) : b. Flax Bourton, Somerset,<br />
circ. 1776; d. Oxcombe, Lincoln?, 17th Aug. 1856. B.A.,Oxf.,<br />
1797. Vicar of Meare and Bicknoller, Somerset, 1824. Eector<br />
of Oxcombe, Lincoln. ' Calendarium Botanicum,' 1810. Pritz.<br />
246 ; Jacks. 233.<br />
Phillips, Henry (fl. 1798-1829). F.L.S. Writer on cultivated<br />
plants. Schoolmaster at Bayswater ; then of Brighton. 'Flora<br />
Historica,' 1824, ed. 2, 1829. 'History of Vegetables,' 1822.<br />
' Pomarium Brit.' 1820. Pritz. 246 ; Jacks. 592; Johnson, 304.<br />
Phillips, John (1800-1874): b. Marden, Wilts, 25th Dec. 1800;<br />
d. Oxford, 24th April, 1874 ; bur. York. Geologist. M.A.,<br />
Oxon, 1853. D.C.L., 1866. LL.D., Camb., 1866; Dublin,<br />
1845. F.R.S., 1834. Curator, York Museum, 1824. Prof.<br />
Geol., King's College, 1834; Dublin, 1844; Oxford, 1853.<br />
'Geology of Yorkshire,' 1829-36. Jacks. 182; 'Nature,' ix.<br />
(1874), 510.<br />
Phipps, Constantine John, 2nd Baron Mulgrave (1744-1792)<br />
b. 30th May, 1744 ; d. 10th Oct. 1792. Captain, R.N. M.P.,<br />
Newark. Arctic navigator, 1773, in 'Racecourse' and 'Carcass,'<br />
with Israel Lyons. ' Voyage towards North Pole,' 1774. Plants<br />
pp. 200-204, described by Solander. Succeeded to title, 1775.<br />
Lasegue, 395. I'htpsia Trin.
BiOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 153<br />
Piddington, Henry (d. before 1873). Coroner in Calcutta.<br />
« Euglish Index of Plants of India,' 1832. ' Tabular View of<br />
Genera in Eoxburgb's Fl. Indica,' 1834. Cyclop. India (ed. 2),<br />
iv. 5G7 ; Pritz. 247 ; Jacks. 383 ; K. S. C. iv. 904. Piddinrjtimin<br />
DC.<br />
Piesse, George W. Septimus (1820-1882) : b. 30tli May, 1820 ;<br />
d. Chiswick, 23rd Oct. 1882. 'Art of Perfumery,' 1856. Pritz.<br />
247 ; Jacks. 210.<br />
Pigott, — . (fl. 1798-1808). Algologist. Friend of Stackbouse,<br />
and correspondent of I). Turner. Imprisoned in France.<br />
Stackbouse, Nereis, xxvi. ; Turner, Fuci, i. 130 (1808).<br />
Pike, — . (fl. 1805). Of Bideford. Publisbed Catalogue of Bideford<br />
Plants. Bot. Guide, 195.<br />
Pilkington, William (1758-1848): b. Hatfield, Yorks., 7tb Sept.<br />
1758: d. same place, 13tb Aug. 1848. F.L.S.,1795. Arcbitect.<br />
Had a berbarium. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. (1276, 2029). K. S. C.<br />
iv. 912 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 47. Engr. portr. at Linn. Soc.<br />
Pitcairn, William (1711-1791) : b. Dysart, Fife, 1711 ; d. Islington,<br />
25tb Nov. 1791; bm-. St. Bartbolomew-tbe-Less. M.D.,<br />
Ebeims. M.D., Oxon, 1749. F.R.C.P., 1750. F.E.S.<br />
P.K.C.P., 1775. Had a bot. garden in Upper Street, Islington.<br />
Munk, ii. 172. Portr. by Eeynolds. Mezzotint by J. Jones,<br />
1777. ritrairnia L'Herit.<br />
Pitchford, John (1737 ?-1803) : d. Norwicb, Dec. 22ud, 1803.<br />
Surgeon and apotbecary of tbat town from 1769. A.L.S.,<br />
1788. F.L.S., 1797. Friend of Sir J. E. Smitb. Smitb Letters,<br />
i. 41, 107, 128; Linn. Trans, vii. 295; Hinds, Fl. Suff. 477.<br />
Contributed to Eng. Bot. (27, 229, &c.). Discovered Holosteum<br />
umhclldtuiii and Peucedanum paliistre.<br />
Pitts, Edmund (fl. 1678). Alderman, of Worcester. "A very<br />
knowing botanist." Discovered Fyrus domestica in Wyre Forest.<br />
Pbil. Trans, xiii. 1678, 978 ; Lees' Bot. Worcestersb. Ixxxviii.<br />
Planchon, Jules Emile (1823-1888) :<br />
b. Ganges, France, 21st<br />
March, 1K23; d. Montpellier, 1st April, 1888. F.L.S., 1855.<br />
Assistant in Sir W. Hooker's Herb., 1844-48. Prof. Bot.,<br />
Ghent, 1849 ; Montpellier, 1881-88. Co-ed. 'Flore des Serres,'<br />
1849-81. Pritz". 248; Jacks. 592; E. S. C. iv. 932 ; viii. 6<strong>31</strong>.<br />
Ann, Bot. ii. 423 (1888), with bibliography. I'lanchvuia Dun.<br />
Planer, Richard (fl. 1G99-1703). Surgeon. Sent plants to Petiver<br />
from Guinea coast. Mus. Pet. 46, 95.<br />
Plant, R. W. (fl. 1844-1852). Of Cheadle. 'New Gardener's<br />
Dictionary' (u. d.), 1849 ? " Experimental cultivator and nurseryman,"<br />
Bot. Eeg. 1844, p. 89. Collected in S. Africa,<br />
1850-52. 'Excursion in Zulu Country,' Journ. Bot. 1852,<br />
222, 257. E. S. C. iv. 933. Plants at Kew. I'lantia Herb.<br />
Piatt, Sir Hugh (fl. 1571-1606): bur. Ilornscy ? B.A.. Camb.,<br />
1571-2. Of Copt-ball, Essex, and Kirby Castle and Jjisbop's<br />
Hall, Middlesex. Knighted, 1605. Had a garden in St. Mar-<br />
' of Eden (postb.), 1653-60. 'Floracs<br />
tin's Lane, 1606. ' Garden<br />
Paradise,' 1608. Johnson, 69; Pritz. 248; "Wood, Atben.<br />
Oxon., ed. Bliss, 622 : Cooper, Atben. Cantab, ii. 436, with<br />
bibliog.
154 BIOGRAPHICAX, INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Plomley, Francis (1805 9-1860) : d, Maidstone, 9fcli Jan. 1860.<br />
F.L.S., 1845. Lectured on Botany to Weald of Kent Farmers'<br />
Club, 1849-51. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1860-61, xlii.<br />
Plot, Robert (1640-1696) : b. Sutton Baron, Borden, Kent, 1640;<br />
d. same place, SOtli April, 1696; bur. Borden. B.A., Oxon,<br />
1661. M.A.,1664. D.C.L., 1671. F.R.S., 1677; Sec, 1682.<br />
First Keeper of Asbmolean Museum, 1683. Mowbray Herald,<br />
1695. 'Nat. Hist, of Oxfordshire,' 1677. 'Nat. Hist, of<br />
Staffordshire,' 1679. Plants in Hb. Sloane, cxiii. Pult. i. 350;<br />
Jacks. 592; Nich. Anec. ix. 547; Gent. Mag. Ixv., 1089;<br />
Lhwyd's ' Nat. Hist.' ed. 2 ; Hasted, ' History of Kent '<br />
;<br />
Allibone ; Chalmers ; Hoefer ; Eose ; Michaud. Oil portr. in<br />
Bodleian Gallery. Engr. in Hope Collection. Portr. in ' Almanac,' 1749. Plotia Adans. = Myrsina.<br />
Oxford<br />
Plukenet, Leonard (1642-1706) : b. Jan. 1642 ; d. Westminster,<br />
6th July, 1706 ; bur. Chancel of St. Margaret's, Westminster.<br />
M.D. Had a bot. garden at Old Palace Yard, Westminster.<br />
Queen's botanist to Mary H. Supervisor, Hampton Court<br />
Garden. ' Phytographia,' 1691. 'Almagestum,' 1696. 'Man-<br />
tissa,' 1700. ' Amaltheum,' 1705. MS. in Bibl. Linn. Soc. (?).<br />
Herbarium of 8000 plants in Herb. Sloane. Had a farm at<br />
Horn Hill, Herts. Trans. Watford Soc. i. (1875), 23 ; Pult. ii.<br />
18 ; Eees ; Pritz. 249 ; Jacks. 593 ; Journ. Bot. 1882, 338<br />
Fl. Midd. 374 ; Hoefer ; Michaud. Portr. engr. Collins, 1690,<br />
in ' Phytographia.' Plukenetia Plumier.<br />
Pocock, Robert (1760-1830) : b. Gravesend, Kent, 21st Feb.<br />
1760; d. Dartford, 26th Oct. 1830. Printer. Founded Nat.<br />
Hist. Society of Kent, 1812. Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit.<br />
' Robert Pocock,' by G. M. Arnold, 1883, with portr. ; Journ.<br />
Bot. 1884, 53 (portr.).<br />
Pococke, Rev. Richard (1704-1765): b. Southampton, 1704;<br />
d. Meath, 15th Sept. 1765. B.A., Oxon, 1725. D.C.L., 1733.<br />
F.R.S. Travelled in East, 1737-42. ' Description of the East,'<br />
1743. Bishop of Ossory, 1756 ; of Meath, 1765. MSS. in Mus.<br />
Brit. Rees; Nich, Anec. ii. 157; Lasegue, 409; Rose; Chal-<br />
iTiGrs IPococldia oGr.<br />
PoUexfen, Rev. John Hutton (fl. 1836-1883) : b. Orkney. M.D.<br />
F.B.S.Ed., 1836. Algologist. Helped Edmonston in ' Fl.<br />
Shetland' (1845). Journ. Bot. 1844, 4<strong>31</strong>. PoUexfenia Harv.<br />
Polwhele, Rev. Richard (1759-1838); b. Truro, 1759; d. March,<br />
1838. Of Polwhele, Cornwall. Vicar of Manaccan, 1794-1816.<br />
List of plants with Cornish names in ' Hist. Cornwall,' i. 164,<br />
and iv. 125 ; 'Bot. Guide,' 194 Gent. Mag. ; 1838, i. 545.<br />
Pool, Thomas (fl. 1095). Of Nottingham. "A diligent enquirer<br />
into Natural History," ]\[us. Pet. no. 89.<br />
Poole, Rev. John (c. 1771-1857) : b. Over Stowey, Somerset,<br />
c. 1771 ;<br />
Enmore,<br />
d. 16th May, 1857.<br />
Somerset, 1796; of<br />
B.A., Oxon,<br />
Swainswick,<br />
1792.<br />
1811.<br />
Rector of<br />
New Bot.<br />
Guide, 553.<br />
Portland, Margaret, Duchess of [See Harley] .<br />
Porter, Sir Robert Ker (1780-1842): b. Durham, 1780; d. St.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 155<br />
Petersburg, 4tli May, 1842. Historical painter. H.M. Consul<br />
at Caraccas, 182G-1841. Zoologist. Knighted, 1813. Caraccas<br />
plants in Fielding's Herb, at Oxford. Journ. Bot. 1854, 283;<br />
Ic. PI. 8G4; Gent. Mag. 1842, ii. 99; 1850, ii. 3G4 ; 'Athenaeum,<br />
1842, 479 ; AUiboue ; Bryant ; Hoefer ; Michaud. Por-<br />
tcria Hook. = Phi/llactis.<br />
Potts, John (d. 1822): d. London?, Oct. 1822. Collector for<br />
Hort. Soc. in China (1821) and Bengal. Trans. Hort. Soc. v.<br />
iii. 427; vii. 25. Pottsio Br.<br />
Potts, John (fl. 1842-1852). Manager of Mint at Chihuahua,<br />
Mexico. Sent plants to F. Scheer at Kew. 'Bot. Herald,' 285.<br />
Power, Rev. John (d. 18G4?) : d. Cambridge, 18G4 ? Of Atherstone,<br />
Leicester. Librarian, Univ. Cambridge, 1845-1864.<br />
'Calendar of Flora at Market Bosworth,' 1807. Jacks. 256.<br />
Power, Thomas (fl. 1845). M.D. Lecturer on Bot., Cork School<br />
of Medicine. ' Botanist's Guide for County of Cork,' 1845.<br />
Jacks. 250.<br />
Pritz. 252 ;<br />
Poynter, Richard [See Corbet] .<br />
Prescott, John D. (d. 1837) : d. St. Petersburg, 1837. Of St.<br />
Petersburg. Correspondent of Hooker and Lindley. "A learned<br />
and indefatigable botanist," Lindley, Bot. Pieg. 1910. Collected<br />
in Eussia. Herbarium of 25,000 species in Fielding's at<br />
Oxford. Lasegue, 279 ; Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 342 ; Hook. Exot.<br />
Flora, t. 115; Wallich, List, p. 114. Prescotia Lindl.<br />
Preston, Charles (fl. 1G9G-1701). M.D. Of Edinburgh. Correspondent<br />
of Bay, who styles him " eruditissimus vir, et curiosissimus<br />
stirpium observator." Sent plants from Scotland and<br />
France to Plukenet. Mus. Pet. no. 266 ; Pluk. Mant. 12<br />
Herb. Sloan, xvi. Ixi. ; Ray Lett. (Derham) 308-16; Phil.<br />
Trans. 1696. Prcstonia Br.<br />
Preston, George (fl. 1710-1716). Superintendent, Edmbui-gh<br />
' Garden, until 1716. Catalogus omnium Plantarum,<br />
1710, "An indefatigable botanist," Blair, Bot. Essays,<br />
&c.,'<br />
pref.<br />
Misc. Essays, 101 ; Pult. ii. 9 ; Jacks. 411.<br />
Price, John (1803 ?-1887) : d. Chester, 1887. Of Chester. M.A.<br />
' Old Price's Eemains.' Papers on proliferous leaves in Liverpool<br />
Nat. Scrap-book and Proc. Chester Soc. Nat. Science<br />
(1878). R. S. C. viii. 062; Journ. Bot. 1888, 32.<br />
Pritchard, Stephen F. (fl. 1836). List of plants of St. Helena,<br />
1836. Pritz. 253 ; Jacks. 353.<br />
Pryor, Alfred Reginald (1839-1881): b. Hatfield, Herts., 24th<br />
April, 1839 ; d. Baldock, Herts., 18th Feb. 1881 ; bur. Baldock.<br />
B.A., Oxon, 1862. F.L.S., 1874. ' Notes on Fl. of Hertford-<br />
shire,' Trans. Watford Nat. Hist. Soc. 1875-6. 'Flora of<br />
Hertfordshire,' ed. 15. D. Jackson, 1887. Library and herbarium<br />
bequeathed to Herts. Nat. Hist. Soc. Journ. Bot. 18H1, 27G<br />
Fl. Hertfordsh. xliv. ; Jacks. 594 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1880-82, 19.<br />
Priestley, Joseph (1733-1804) :<br />
1733 ;<br />
b. Fioldhcad, Leeds, 18th March,<br />
d. isorthumberland, Pennsylvania, 6th Feb. 1804.<br />
F.R.S., 17GG. LL.D., Edinb., 1767. Went to America, 1794.<br />
' Experiments relating to Nat. Philosophy,' 178] . R. S. C. v.
156 BIOGBAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
19; Memoirs, partly autob., 1806-7; Life by Corry, 1805;<br />
Misc. Works, 1817-1834, with bibliog. ; Chalmers; Hoefer<br />
Michaud (by Cuvier) ; Allibone ; Gent. Mag. 1804, i. 375.<br />
Portr. in ' Profiles of Warrington Worthies.' Friestleya DC.<br />
Pulteney, Richard (1730-1801): b. Loughborough, Leicester,<br />
17th Feb. 1730; d. Blandford, Dorset, 13th Oct. 1801; bur.<br />
Langton, near Blandford. M.D., Edinb., 1764. L.K.C.P.<br />
1765. F.L.S., 1790. F.E.S., 1762. F.R.S.E., 1793. Prac-<br />
tised as surgeon and apothecary at Leicester, and from 1765 at<br />
Blandford. Contributed list of plants to Nichols' ' Hist. Leicestershire';<br />
and to Hutchins' 'Hist. Dorset.' ' View of Writings<br />
of LimiEeus,' 1781. ' Biographical Sketches,' 1790. Collections<br />
bequeathed to Linn. Soc. MS. ' Flora Anglica' in Bot. Dept.,<br />
Mus. Brit. Rees; Pritz. 254; Jacks. 594; Memoir by Maton<br />
in ' Writings of Linnfeus,' ed. 2, with portr. ; Memoir by John<br />
Aikiu m 'Phil. Mag.; Gent. Mag. Ixxi. (1801), 1058,1207;<br />
Munk, ii. 264; Cott. Gard. viii. <strong>31</strong>5; Gorham, 102; Nich.<br />
Anec. viii. 196, and Hist. Leicester, iii. 848, both with portr.<br />
engr. Basire, after oil by T. Beach (1788) at Linn. Soc. Also<br />
engr. by T. Roberts. Portr. Kew. Pultcncca Sm.<br />
Purdie, William (d. 1857) : d. Trinidad, 10th Oct. 1857. Kew<br />
Collector in Trop. America and W, Indies. Journal in Journ.<br />
Bot. 1844-5. Curator, Bot. Gard. Trinidad, 1846. Journ. Bot.<br />
1847, 40; Gard. Chron. 1857, 792; R. S. C v. 43. Plants at<br />
Kew. Furdiaa Planch.<br />
Purton, Thomas (1768-1833) : b. Endon Burnell, Chetton, Salop,<br />
10th May, 1768 ; d. Alcester, Warwick, 1833. Surgeon.<br />
Practised in London, 1791-1795, and then at Alcester. Fungologist.<br />
Friend of Smith, W. J. Hooker, Greville, and Sowerby.<br />
' Midland Flora,' 1817-1821. Pritz. 255 ; Jacks. 246 ; R. S. C.<br />
V. 46; Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. (1836), 606; Lees' ' Botany of Wor-<br />
cester,' Ixxxix.<br />
Quekett, Edwin John (1808-1847) : b. Langport, Somerset,<br />
Sept. 1808 ; d. 28th June, 1847. Microscopist<br />
F.L.S., 1836. Lect. Bot. London Hosp., 1835.<br />
and Surgeon.<br />
Orig. Memb.<br />
E. Microscopic Soc. R. S. C. v. 53 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 378<br />
Phyt. hi. 110. Quekettia Lindl.<br />
Quekett, John Thomas (1815-1861) ; b. Langport, Somerset,<br />
1815 ; d. Pangbourne, Berks, 20th Aug. 1861. Brother of<br />
preceding. Microscopist. Professor of Histology, R. Coll. Surg.,<br />
1856. F.R.S., 1860. F.L.S., 1857. ' Lectures on Histology,'<br />
1852-4. ' Cat. Fossil PI. in Mus. Roy. Coll. Surgeons,' 1855.<br />
Proc. Linn. Soc. 1861-2, xciii. Pritz. 255 ; Jacks. 594; R,S.C.<br />
V. 553; Gent. Mag. 1861, ii. 338, 454; 'Athenaeum,' 1861,<br />
ii. 254.<br />
Quicke, William (fl. 1600). Apothecary. Found Smyrnium.<br />
Parkinson, ' Theatrum,' 930.<br />
(To be continued.)
157<br />
SHOKT NOTES.<br />
Lejeunea Rossettiana Massal.—Owing to the excellent paper on<br />
this species by Mr. Pearson in this Journal for December last, I have<br />
been led to examine some old gatherings of L. calcarea Lib., more<br />
especially as I had gathered what I took to be that species at Gordale,<br />
one of the localities mentioned for L. Rossettiana Massal. However,<br />
I found that what I had gathered in Gordale has been all distributed.<br />
I examined several other gatherings made at different times from<br />
Dent, Heseltine Ghyll (Penyghent), and Ingleton ; all these proved<br />
to be L. calcarea Lib., but one ; this was one of the various gatherings<br />
from Ingleton, and one of the latest, made in September, 1884.<br />
This was a gemmiferous form of L. Rossettiana Massal., giving<br />
another locality, and I have no doubt but that some of the specimens<br />
lying in herbaria as L. calcarea Lib. will prove to be L. Rossettiana<br />
Massal., although the former is most frequent on the mountain<br />
limestone of Yorkshire, for several collections I have made this<br />
spring proved to be L. calcarea Lib. These species of Lejeunea<br />
usually occur on moist shady vertical limestone rocks near streams,<br />
associated with Seligeria pusilla Ehrh., Lecidea cupidaris Ehrh.,<br />
Ampldluma lanwjinosum Ach., Nostoc macrosporuin Meneg., X. viuscorum<br />
Ag., and Orthotheciiim rufescens Dicks., often occurring<br />
nearer the base of the same rocks, while masses of Bartramia (Ederi<br />
Swartz. hang from above. Wm. West.<br />
Glamorgan Plants. — The following were noticed by me in the<br />
neighbourhood of Swansea during a short visit in October last. All<br />
are additions to the second edition of ' Topographical Botany,' and<br />
with the exception of Kpilohium. palustre L., which is noticed on<br />
p. 5 of this volume, in a paper by the Rev. E. S. Marshall, on my<br />
authority, I believe that none of them have yet been published.<br />
The list, short as it is, contains some very common species and<br />
varieties, and is an evidence of the backward state of botanical<br />
study in this interesting county: Fumaria iniiralis Sonder, riubus<br />
Lindleianus Lees, R. rusticanus Merc, R. leucostachijs Sm., R. macrophjllus<br />
\V. & N., R. echinattts Lindl., R. cori/lifolius Sm., Rosa<br />
canina L., var. hitetiana Leman., var. dumalis Bechst., var urhica<br />
Leman., var. dunietvrum Thuill., Kpilohium obscurum Schreb., E.<br />
pakistre L., Fceniculiim officinale k\\. (casual), Lonirera Perichjmenuni<br />
L., Taraxacxun officinale Web., Primula ruh/aris Huds., Bora
158 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.<br />
the naming of British plants, it may be well to call attention to the<br />
grounds on which Buda (revived by Dumortier in 1827) is superseded<br />
by Tissa (revived by Prof. E. L. Greene in 1888). In a<br />
review of Dr. Serene Watson's edition of Gray's ' Manual of the<br />
Botany of the Northern United States,' published in the ' Botanical<br />
Gazette ' for March last. Prof. Trelease writes as follows :— " It is<br />
to be regretted that Spoyularia of the old edition appears in this<br />
edition as Buda and not Tissa. The priority of the latter, to be<br />
sure, is only that of a few pages of a book, both being used in the<br />
same work by one author ; but the birthright of Tissa is not<br />
invalidated by this fact, and its use in a recent monograph by Dr.<br />
Britton, prior to the appearance of the Manual, is an additional<br />
reason for its use there as a means of avoiding an increase in the<br />
number of synonyms." As I have already pointed out in this<br />
Journal, := the two names occur on the same 2jai/e of Adanson's<br />
' Famille des Plantes,' so that the " birthright " of the two is equal,<br />
and neither can claim priority; while the objectionable " increase<br />
in the number of synonyms " is due, not to Dr. Watson but to Dr.<br />
Britton, who deliberately ignored Dumortier's restoration, sixty<br />
years before, of a name having equal claims with that preferred by<br />
himself. James Britten.<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
Entwickelungs-<br />
Bot. Centralblatt (No. 14). — R. Herse, ' Zur<br />
'<br />
geschichte der Hypogaeen.'—(Nos. 14-16). M. Willkomm, Vegetationsverhaltnisse<br />
von Traz os Montes.'— (Nos. 15-17). E. Keller,<br />
' Beitrage zur schweizerischen Phanerogamenflora.'—A. Allescher,<br />
'Ueber einige aus dem siidlichen Deutschland weniger bekannte<br />
Sphferopsideen und Melanconieen.' — C. Warnstorf, ' Sphagnum<br />
degenerans var. immersum: . Correns, ' Zur biologischen Anatomie<br />
der Aristolochia-BlxxiQ: . Hartig, ' Ueber Trametes radici-<br />
penla.'<br />
Botanical Gazette (March : issued April 12). — S. B. Parish,<br />
'Botany of Slover Mountain.' — M. S. Bebb, 'North American<br />
Willows.' — F. Eeuault & J. Cardot, ' New Mosses of N. America<br />
(2 plates).— D. C. Eaton, Heuchera Williamsii, sp.n.— J. N. Rose,<br />
' Notes on some Western Plants ' {Chorizanthe Vaseyi Parry & Rose<br />
(1 plate), Erigeron Tweedijana & E. Parryi Canby & Rose, Pentste-<br />
iiKiii Tweedyi Canby & Rose, spp. n.).<br />
Bot. Zeitung (Nos. 13-15). ~ H. Solms-Lanbach, 'Die Sprossfolge<br />
der Stangeria und der iibrigen Cycadeen.' — (No. 16). P.<br />
Sorauer, ' Mittheilungen aus dem Gebiete der Phytopathologie.'<br />
Bidl. Torreij Bot. Club (April). — J. Macoun, 'Contributions to<br />
Canadian Bryology.' — N. L. Britton, Rusby's S. American Plants<br />
(new species of Miconia and Clidemia). — B. D. Halsted, 'A New<br />
* Journ. Bot. 1888, p. '261.
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS, 159<br />
White Smut' (Entyloma ElJisii).— D. C. Eaton, Bruchia lonyicollis,<br />
n. sp. (1 plate j.<br />
Gardeners' Chronicle (April 5). — Eticharis IJdkeriana N. E. Br.,<br />
]\Jasdeval(ia Loivii Rolfe, spp. nn. — W. B. Hemsley, ' The Genus<br />
Asarum (A. geopJulum, A. pulcheUum, A. maximum, spp. nn.).<br />
(April 12). Pauhnmia Fortunci Hemsley, sp. n. — (April 19).<br />
C. T. Druery, 'Vagaries of Variation.' — (April 26). Melliania<br />
melanoxylon (fig. 81). — R. A. Rolfe, ' Hybrid Odontoglossums.' —<br />
W. G. Smith, ' Truffles.'<br />
Journal de Botaniqnc (Feb. IG).—N. Patouillard, 'Contributions<br />
a la Flore mycologique du Tonkin.'— C. Sauvageau, ' Sur la structure<br />
des feuilles des plantes aquatiques.'—B. Balansa, ' Graminees<br />
de rindo-Cliine francaise.' — (March 1). P. Hariot, ' Sur le genre<br />
'Lichens de Canisy.' — Memoir of E.<br />
Trcntepohlia." . Hue,<br />
Cosson (22 July, 1819—<strong>31</strong> Dec. 1889).—(March 10). B. Balansa,<br />
' Graminees de I'ludo-Chine.'—C. Sauvageau, ' Feuilles des plantes<br />
aquatiques.' . Hue, ' Lichens de Canisy.'<br />
Journ. Linn. Soc. (xxvi. 174 : April 12).—F. B. Forbes & W. B.<br />
Hemsley, ' Enumeration of Chinese Plants ' [Gentianacea-Pedalinem).<br />
(xxvii. 181 : April 5). H. N. Ridley, 'Botany of Fernando Noronha'<br />
(Oxalis sylvicola, Schmidelia insulana, Comhretiunrupicolum, Krijthrinn<br />
aurantiaca, Ceratosanthes angustiloha , C. cuneata, C. rupicola, Scsucium<br />
distylum, Guettarda Leai, Falicourea insularis, Aspilia Rai)ia;/ii, Bu-<br />
meliafra
100 LIXNKAX SOCIETY OF LOXDOX.<br />
H. Biiwm A- G. Seunholz, ' Calatnintha mu-ta {C. alpina x Acinos).'<br />
—K. Bauer. • Uutersuebungen iiber gerbstoffilihrende Pflanzeu."<br />
E. v. Halaesv. -Beitrage ziu- Flora der Balkanlialbinser {Poli/
R.Morgan lith.<br />
X 8<br />
^^^'-<br />
l-S-Cantharellus "Wliymperi, Murr.kMcxss.<br />
/i-£.Helosis AAThymperi, 5aic./?i.,<br />
.^ X<br />
Ncxi svze,.<br />
Ta.t 29^<br />
West,l?evvni£Ln inti'p.
161<br />
NEW PLANTS FROM THE ANDES.<br />
By Edmuxd G. Baker, F.L.S.<br />
(Plate 297).<br />
Among the plants collected by Mr. Edward Whymper in 1880,<br />
on the Andes, and recently worked out at the British Museum, was<br />
the following new species of Heiosis:—<br />
Helosis Whymperi, n. sp. — Rhizoma deforme globosum<br />
lobatum, pedunculi erecti basi iuvolucello annulari donati, capitula<br />
sphrerica vel elliptica androgyna fills articulatis operta juniora<br />
squamis peltatis hexagonis vel pentagonis velata, fl. ^ perianthium<br />
tubulosum, limbi lobis 3-valvatis, antherae 3, filamentis brevissimis,<br />
fl. $ sessiles, ovarium oblongum obtusum compressum, styli<br />
2 filiformes, ovulum 1 pendulum.<br />
Hab. Machachi, eighteen miles south of Quito, Ecuador.<br />
Alt. 9800 ft.<br />
Measurements. Pedmicle : length, 1-3 in. ; diameter |- in.<br />
Capitula: diameter, 1-1| in. Scales: diameter, i in.<br />
These measurements are taken from dried specimens.<br />
This very distinct species of Helosis differs from the other<br />
members of the same genus in its large, tuberculated and consolidated<br />
rhizome resembling Corijnaa. The floral structure, however,<br />
is that of a Helosis, the perianth of the male flowers having<br />
three distinct segments and not being campanulate, and the<br />
stamens are divided a short distance below the anthers. In its<br />
floral characters then it resembles Helosis, and in its rhizome<br />
CorijyicBa ; it is therefore interesting as forming a connecting link<br />
between these two genera.<br />
The capitula contain both male and female flowers, and are<br />
proterogynous ; the female flowers protrude their styles from the<br />
dense mass of subjacent articulate threads immediately on the fall<br />
of the scales. The male flowers, as just mentioned, have the filaments<br />
free a short distance below the anthers, and these latter<br />
burst introrsely. I am not aware that any species of Helosis have<br />
been described since Sir J. D. Hooker's revision of the genus in<br />
the ' Transactions of the Linnean Society,' xxii. pp. 55—60. This<br />
will therefore make the third, the others being H. guyanensis Rich.,<br />
and H. mexicana Lieb.<br />
The following list of Fungi may be of interest, since the specimens<br />
were collected by Mr. Whymper at a great elevation, in an<br />
equatorial region. They have been named by Mr. Massee and Mr.<br />
]\I array :<br />
(hiiphalia umhellifera Fr. In Monte Antisana, Ecuador,<br />
13,000 ped. alt. No. 1512 A.<br />
Ai/tirirm satjatus Fr. IMachachi. No. 1320.<br />
I'sUocijhe sp. In Monte Antisana, Ecuador, 13,000 ped. alt.<br />
No. 1512 A.<br />
Cantharellus Whymperi, n. sp., Mass. ct Murr.— Cinercus,<br />
pileo c convexo cxplauato, carnosulo; lamcUis intogris vol dicho-<br />
JouKNAL OF Botany.—Vol. 28. [.Junk, 1890.] m
162 NOTES ON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS.<br />
tomis, angustis, distantibus, decurrentibus, acie obtusissimo ; sporis<br />
ignotis ; stipite solido, glabro, roquali vel basi attenuate, "5 cm.<br />
long., 3 m. lat.<br />
Ad terram, Monte Picbincba, Ecuador, 15,300 ped. alt.<br />
No. 1537.<br />
Fomes senex N. et Mont. Machaclii. No. 1380.<br />
Eurotium herharioruin de By. In specim. Fomis senis (No. 1380).<br />
The specimens were put in spirit when gathered ;<br />
regard this as a true record of Furotium.<br />
we may thus<br />
Desckiption of Plate.— a, Helosis Wlmjmperi, nat. size ; c = capitulum,<br />
p ^= peduncle, i =: involucre, b, rhizome with shoots, c, male flower, magnified.<br />
D, same, without perianth, i. e., stamens, e, female flower. 1, Can-<br />
tliarellus Whymperi, nat. size ; 2, same, x 8.<br />
NOTES ON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF FUPHRASIA<br />
OFFICINALIS L.<br />
By Frederick Townsend, M.P., M.A., F.L.S.<br />
Many subspecies of the genus Fuphrasia are alpine, and are in<br />
perfection in autumn when most of the flowering plants of the<br />
Alps are past and in seed, or have been devoured by the cows and<br />
goats. The Eyebrights are evidently distasteful to these animals<br />
as they pass them by untouched, hence the botanist who visits the<br />
Alps in autumn will always find specimens in abundance, even in<br />
the higher Alps, far above the limit of the pines. Latterly, my<br />
visits to the Swiss Alps have been late in August, and during the<br />
first two weeks of September, so that I have had special opportunity<br />
of studying some of the subspecies of this to me very interesting<br />
genus.<br />
In 1874, I found at Miirren, at an altitude of about 6400 feet,<br />
and again at about 8000 feet, a plant which considerably puzzled<br />
me. I then supposed it to be a hybrid, or a var. of E.<br />
minima Schleich., and I so named it in my paper on F.<br />
ojficmalis L., published in the ' Journal of Botany ' for June, 1884.<br />
Last year I spent several weeks at Miirren, where, after careful<br />
study of all the forms of Euphrasia which occur in that neighbourhood,<br />
I became convinced that my plant was neither a hybrid nor a<br />
var. of F. miniiiut, but either a new var. of F. hirteUa Jord., or a<br />
new subspecies ; and that this form, found abundantly in company<br />
with that very variable subspecies F. minima Schleich., had hitherto<br />
been confounded with it. I drew up the characters of my plant<br />
and named it F. hirtclla Jord., var. capitalata, from the upper<br />
bracts and flowers being crowded, and the latter collected together<br />
at the sumixiit of the stem. I sent a series of specimens to Mens.<br />
Auguste Gremli, author of ' and he wrote as<br />
Excursionsflora fiir die Schweiz,'<br />
follows :— " F. capitidata me parait maintenant<br />
uue bonne variete, ou plutot, une sous-espece voisine de hirtella.<br />
On I'a confoudu probablement, surtout les petits exemplaires, avec
NOTES ON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS. 163<br />
le minima, mais les caraeteres tirent evidemment plus vers le<br />
hirtella. Le nom capitiilata mc parait bien clioisi : les petits exemplaires<br />
montrant les feuilles iiiferieures distantes entre elles comme<br />
dans le minima les superieures avec les fleurs ramasses vers le<br />
sommet de la tige."<br />
Towards the end of August, last summer, I had again the<br />
opportunity of revisiting the ground on which I first noticed the<br />
plant, and I found it abundant and exhibiting exactly the same<br />
characters. A little later in the season I went to the Grosse<br />
Scheideck, between Grindelwald and Kosenlaui, and I wrote the<br />
following notes on the evenings of the 6tli, 7th, and 10th of<br />
September :<br />
" Sept. 6th. To-day I ascended the Grosse Scheideck, and<br />
found, in considerable quantity, on the slopes below the hotel, and<br />
fi'om this to about 200 feet below it, a small form of Kuphrasia,<br />
which I at first took for E. capitulata mihi, but eventually recognised<br />
as a dwarf form of E. hirtella Jord. This dwarf form has<br />
pale green fohage, and the lower lip of the flowers is white or pale<br />
yellowish white ; in size the plant is somewhat taller than E. capi-<br />
tulata, the lower leaves and bracts are more distant, and these as<br />
well as the upper bracts are much broader, being almost orbicular,<br />
and with cordate base.<br />
" Later on I came upon a few specimens of my E. capitulata,<br />
which occurs but sparsely about here, and sometimes without any<br />
glandular hairs. I found I could readily distinguish this eglandular<br />
form from purple-flowered minimahy the spreading jointed hairs on<br />
the stem, those in minima being adpressed, and faintly, or not at<br />
all, jointed. This spot seems to be good botanizing ground, as it is<br />
broken and rocky, and water collects plentifully in several hollows,<br />
forming small pools in which Eriophorum Scheuchzeri Hoppe grows<br />
abundantly.<br />
" Sept. 7th. To-day I explored the broken ground to the east of<br />
the hotel, and here I found a taller plant which I knew to be the<br />
normal form of /•-'. hirtella. The small hirtella which I noticed<br />
yesterday was until this year new to me. I think it likely that<br />
botanists have passed it by as a form of E. minima, and that when<br />
recognised as small hirtella, it will be found that this subspecies is<br />
more generally distributed than is usually supposed. I recollect<br />
having noticed it above Miirren, and between the Wengern Alp and<br />
the village of Wengern. I am now convinced that E. capitulata<br />
must be looked upon as a distinct subspecies of the Hirtellre group,<br />
and not as a variety of /•,'. hirtdlu Jord. The hairs on the stem of<br />
hirtella and of capitulata are very variable in length, and are jointed<br />
distinctly ; some are spreading, and some are at first spreading and<br />
afterwards curved downwards, but they arc not adpressed. The<br />
hairs on the stem of minima are short, very indistinctly or not<br />
at all jointed, and tlicy are curved downwards and adpressed to the<br />
stem. Tlic veins of the calyx of E. mininia are very frequently<br />
dark purple. I have never seen those of E. cafntuUttn other than<br />
green witli purple spots, but the intermediate spaces between the<br />
veins have frequently dark purple streaks or blotches.<br />
M 2
164 NOTES ON A NEW SUBSPECIES OF EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS.<br />
" When, as I have already remarked is sometimes the case, E.<br />
capituJata is eglaudular, it may at first siglit be taken for broadleaved<br />
purple- flowered E. minima, but the long jointed and not adpressed<br />
hairs on the stem, and the horizontal direction of the<br />
flowers of E. capitulata will distinguish it. The presence of glandular<br />
hairs is not constant, apparently, in any subspecies of Euphrasia.<br />
Though glandular hairs are characteristic of E. Rostko-<br />
vinna, Hayne, E. hirtella Jord., and E. capitulata mihi, yet eglandular<br />
forms of these three subspecies do occur. There are, however,<br />
other peculiarities in the pubescence which appear more constant<br />
; such are the long jointed hairs found in all the three lastnamed<br />
plants, though even these are sometimes absent as in the<br />
high alpine forms of capitidata and of Uostkoviana, the latter being<br />
named by Gremli, Euphrasia anadena (= E^iphrasia Rostkoviana /3.<br />
alpestris Gremli, olim) in his ' Neue Beitrage zur Flora der Schweiz,'<br />
Heft 4, Aarau, 1887.<br />
" Sept. 10. To-day I walked from the Grosse Scheideck to the<br />
Faulhorn. The road, at first, is nearly level for a considerable<br />
distance, but afterwards ascends within sight of the Hotel of the<br />
Grosse Scheideck, and about three quarters of an hour's walk from<br />
the latter. On the wet alpine pastures, soon after commencing to<br />
ascend, I found E. capitulata, small forms of it, about 1^ inches<br />
high ; further on the plant occurred abundantly, and I noticed it all<br />
the way onwards till within half an hour's walk of the Faulhorn<br />
Hotel. I was thus able to gather abundant specimens of this<br />
interesting plant. It has, here, the dark-green foliage which I<br />
noticed as so characteristic when I first found it at Miirren. E.<br />
minima Schleioh., occurs here abundantly also, and in company<br />
with E. capitulata. On the slopes, where the road passes close to a<br />
fence, about one hour's walk from the Scheideck, and on the south<br />
side of the fence, I found large plants of E. hirtella Jord., with its<br />
characteristic pale green foliage and pale flowers. E. capitulata<br />
evidently prefers the wetter spots and E. hirtella the drier ground.<br />
The bracts of E, hirtella are broader than those of E. capitidata<br />
and more or less cordate at the base ; the tips of the leaves and<br />
bracts have not the same tendency to curve downwards as in E.<br />
capitulata. The upper bracts of the latter have a more or less<br />
cuneate base."<br />
I have drawn up the following description of E. capitulata :<br />
Euphrasia capitulata mihi, nova subspecies = E. minima var.<br />
intermedia Towns. (Journ. of Bot. 1881, p. 167).<br />
Racemo ^ji7?s lunyis patentihus articulatis glandulosis eglandulo-<br />
sisque, e basi nigra ortis, obsito ; caule crasso humili unciali ad tres<br />
uncias, simplice vel raro infra ramoso, pilis crispidis non adpressis<br />
pilisque longis glandulosis eglandulosisque promiscue pubescente ;<br />
foliis et bracteis ovatis vel late ovatis patentihus atro-virentibus, pagina<br />
inferiure plicato-costatd, dentatis, dentibus ab utroque latere quatuor<br />
ad sex obtusis, bracteis superiuribns imbricatis, basi cuneata, dentibus<br />
acutis ; calyce glanduloso nervis virentibus sed pagina inter<br />
nervos snspe purpureo-maculosa ; corolla j^^rva, fauce flava, tubo<br />
incluso, labio superiorc lilacino inferiore magis pallido vel albo-
SHOET DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON THREE RUBI. 165<br />
lilacino trifido, lacinije media; lobulis subdivergentibus stylo antice<br />
deorsum redinico ; ca/mda ohovato-ovaU einan/inata mucronata dentes<br />
calicinos tequante aut supevante, hractea sua superatii.<br />
Perennis, floret Augusto et Septembri. Frequens iii pascuis<br />
humidis alpinis et subalpinis Helvetia, ad altitudinem sex millium<br />
trecentonim ad octo millium quingentorum pedum supra mare, ut<br />
supra Miirren, circa Sclieinige Platte et Grosse Scheidcck, inter<br />
Grosse Scheideck et FauUioru, &c.<br />
Var. fjlahra, planta humilior, pilis glandulosis nullis. In locis<br />
apricis circa octo millia pedum supra mare prope Miirren.<br />
Exempla hybrida inter E. capitulatam et E. minimam inveni.<br />
Ohservatioyies, Pagina superior foliorum et bractearum rugosa<br />
inferior plicato-costata est. Flores plerumque directionem horizontalem<br />
habent et juxtapositio florum bractearumque talis est, ut<br />
videantur flores quasi adpressi. Nervi calycis virentes sunt et<br />
pagina inter nervos stepe atro-purpurea maculosa est. Pili longi et<br />
glandulosi plerumque e basi nigra oriuntur. Folia et bractea3<br />
decussatim oppositfe ita ut racemus formam quadrangulam praebeat.<br />
Folia et bracteae exemplarum pusillorum dentes pauciores babent.<br />
E. cajntulata adliuc cum E. minima Scbleicli. hand dubie confusa<br />
est, differt i^ilis longis articulatis et glandulosis, pilis crispulis non<br />
adpressis pubescentibus, bracteis aggregatis et imbricatis, pagina<br />
superiore rugosa, inferiore-plicato-costata, floribus nunquam flavis,<br />
dente terminali foliorum et bractearum minus lato et obtuso,<br />
calycis nervis virentibus, in E. minima saspe nigro-imrpureis.<br />
Bractea capsulam superat. In E. minima capsula bracteam superat.<br />
E. capitulnta ab E. hirtella Jord., qufc propinqua, differt pubescentia<br />
minus copiosa foliis bracteisque atro-vireutibus, statura<br />
humiliore, floribus lilacinis bracteis ovatis superioribus basi cuneatis.<br />
Color foliorum et bractearum in E. hirtella flavo-virens, corolla)<br />
autem labii superioris pallido-lilacinus, inferioris albo-flavus, folia<br />
bracteseque multo latiores sunt, et sajpe sub-cordata3. Duo subspecies<br />
supersunt cum quibus nostram plantam comparare necesse<br />
est, E. pumila Kerner (in * Sclieda) ad flor. exsicc. Austro-Hungari-<br />
' cam i. (1881), pp. 43, 44) ct E. drosocalyx Freyn (in catal. de la Soc.<br />
Helv. pour I'ecbange dos plantes, 1885). E. jnunila non nisi in<br />
Tyrolo inventa est. Habet bracteas dentibus subradiantibus<br />
elongatis triangulari-lanccolatis in mucronem subulatum rigidum<br />
productis. Habet flores macula flava carentes. Capsulam truncatam<br />
dentes calycis superant. E. drosocalyx qua) in alpibus<br />
Carintbia) occurrit, ad E. cajntulata maximc proiiinqua, differt<br />
bractearum dentibus paucioribus, bractea capsulam suam non excedente,<br />
foliis bracteisque angustioribus et obtusius crenatis.<br />
BHORT DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON THREE RUBI.<br />
By W. 0. FocKE, M.D.<br />
I ' HAVE been asked to supplement my Notes on English Rubi,'<br />
printed in the April and May numbers of tliis Journal, by some<br />
descriptive remarks on three of the plants referred to, viz., 1\. put-
166 SHORT DESCRIPTIVE NOTES ON THREE RIJBI.<br />
cherrimus, R. anr/losaxonicus, and R. viridis. For fully detailed<br />
descriptions I must refer my readers to—F. W. C. Aresclioug,<br />
'Some Observations on the Genus Rnhus' (Lund, 1885-86);<br />
Friderichsen and Gelert, ' Danmarks og Slesvigs Paibi,' in Bot.<br />
Tidsskr. (pp. 46, 65), tom. 16 (1887); Focke, ' Synops. Eubor.<br />
Germ.,' pp. 868, 369 (R. viridis and incuUus).<br />
RuBus puLCHERRiMus Neuman (1882). it. jwlyanthemos Lindeb.<br />
(non polyanthus P. J. Muell.). R. Neumani Focke. — Hooker's<br />
name R. jmJcherrimus, being a synonym of R. lineatus Eeinw., must<br />
be dropped, and therefore the plant can bear the name given by<br />
Neuman.<br />
The Swedish authors assert that in their country this bramble<br />
keeps quite distinct from 7?. Lindehergii P. J. Muell. Either species<br />
agrees exactly with forms placed under R. umhrosus by English<br />
botanists. R. pulcherrimus bears more or less numerous (often a<br />
few scattered only) glandular setfe on the panicle ; its prickles are<br />
of a moderate size ; and in a living state it will be distinguished<br />
from the true umhrosus at first sight by its pink flowers. The two<br />
species or varieties agree in the roundish shape and the small<br />
superficial dentition of the leaflets. A careful examination of the<br />
living plant will show if it can be separated from the eglandular<br />
white-flowering %imhrosus.<br />
E. ANGLosAxoNicus Gelert. — By many characters this species<br />
seems to be intermediate between R. mucronatus and R. Radula.<br />
Usually the stem bears a good many aciculi, which are often<br />
somewhat unequal in size, but always very distinct from the strong<br />
prickles confined to the angles. The leaves are ternate or pedatoquinate,<br />
the leaflets coarsely serrate and generally white-felted<br />
beneath, the terminal one ovate or elliptic, with a short point.<br />
After flowering, the sepals are patent. The inflorescence is very<br />
glandular.<br />
The stems of R. Radula are much rougher, from numerous equal<br />
aciculi ; its leaflets are narrow and acuminate ; and its sepals are<br />
usually reflexed. R. vnicronatus will be easily distinguished by the<br />
shape and serrature of its leaflets.<br />
E. VIRIDIS Kaltenb. (1845). — This species recalls typical R.<br />
jmllidus W. et N., but it may be easily distinguished by its unequal<br />
prickles. The true R. paUidus, sl rare plant in England, belongs to<br />
the radida group, and bears nearly equal prickles well discriminated<br />
from the aciculi. //. viridis might, I think, be put by Professor<br />
Babington under his R. lucJderi var. pr(?/a/Ms; and indeed it is<br />
difficult to trace certain limits between R. Ka:hleri and R. viridis,<br />
although the typical forms look very different. I consider the<br />
R. incuHus Muell. et Wirtg. (1862) to be a more hairy and very<br />
prickly variety of R. viridis, and it is, I believe, much more frequent<br />
than the typical plant as well in England as in Western Germany.<br />
R. viridis and its allied forms are connecting links between the<br />
Radula and the Glandulosi.
167<br />
ABERDEEN, FORFAR, AND DUMFRIES PLANT-NOTES.<br />
By Eowakd F. Linton, M.A., and W. R. Linton, M.A.<br />
The Dumfries plants here referred to were the result of a<br />
single day's observation near the sources of Moffat Water, taken on<br />
our return journey from the familiar haunts of Clova and Braemar,<br />
at each of which places we had about a week. The whole time<br />
was within the month of July, 1889 ; and as the season was<br />
unusually early, it was fortunate we did not start any later.<br />
The county numbers are—Dumfries, 72 ; Forfar, 90 ; South<br />
Aberdeen, 92. We also note one or two plants for East Perth, 89,<br />
having driven through a portion of that vice-county between Clova<br />
and Braemar.<br />
Plants hitherto unrecorded for the county or vice-county (so far<br />
as we are aware), are distinguished by an asterisk.<br />
Subiilaria aquatica L., was growing on the margin of L. Brandy<br />
(90), not only in the water, but, owing to the dry season, on the<br />
mud from which the water had retired. The terrestrial plant was<br />
stouter and less di-awn up than those under watjr, and was of a<br />
purplish hue ; it evidently flourished on the damp mud, and<br />
fruited freely.<br />
Polygala serpyllacea Weihe. Glens Doll and Fiagh (90), a form<br />
with the rachis pubescent and a certain amount of ciliation,<br />
varying, in different plants, on the upper part of the flowering<br />
stems. Mr. Arthur Bennett does not consider the plant to be the<br />
var. ciliata Lebel. Pohjgala, sp. Braemar, in a rocky wood. Similar<br />
in habit to P. vulgaris L., but differing by its small flowers and<br />
remarkably narrow sepals. This we hope to get and cultivate, and<br />
will report on again later.<br />
Cerastium arcticum Lange. Noticed in one spot only on Little<br />
Craigindal (92).<br />
A few strong plants and several seedlings.<br />
Hiipericxun pulchnim L., Jioribiis ochroleucis. Linn of Quoich,<br />
near Braemar (92).<br />
Astragalus alpinus L., and Oxytropis campestris DC, were each<br />
growing in large quantity in their best known stations. The deer<br />
are extremely fond of both ; and this, while it is rather a protection<br />
than otherwise to the Astragalus, is less so to the Oxytropis, plants<br />
of which are liable to be torn up by the teeth, or trampled out of<br />
the ground by the hoofs of the deer, where growing on the softer<br />
debris. There is plenty of it, however, on the rocky precipice<br />
above.<br />
Vicia Cracca L., var. incana Thuill. Rough grassy bank in the<br />
Clova Valley (90). Identified for us by Mr. Arthur Bennett (to<br />
whom we owe many thanks for help in critical plants) as "T. Cracca<br />
L., f. incana Thuill." Nyman, however, gives it as a variety. The<br />
plant from Clova has a dwarf habit, many plants with two racemes<br />
in full flower being only a foot higii ; anoLhor specimen of a complete<br />
plant, bearing two racemes in fruit and two in flower, being<br />
but fifteen inches high. The stem is covered with short pubescence,<br />
which in the upper part is thick enough to give a hoary
168 ABERDEEN, tORFAR, AND DUMFRIES PLANT -iSTOTES.<br />
appearance. The peduncles are short and scarcely lengthen in<br />
fruiting ; some in the fruiting stage do not reach two inches<br />
"whereas in V. Cracca, type, they develop from four to six inches. The<br />
hair on the upper part of the style is much the same, but rather<br />
denser in the variety. The leaflets are rather broader in proportion<br />
to length, and less acuminate, though equally mucronate. The<br />
dwarf condition is not merely due to a subalpine condition ; a<br />
specimen of type V. Cracca was gathered at Braemar ten days<br />
later, growing much as usual, though at an elevation 700 ft. or<br />
800 ft. higher than the Clova station.<br />
Spircca salicifolia L. Glen Isla, Forfar. A well-established<br />
escape in several parts of Scotland.<br />
liubus Koehleri Weihe, var. palUdus, Bab. Dry copse, Moffat<br />
Water (72).<br />
Dryas octopetala L. Very fine on the rocky ledges of Little<br />
Craigindal (92).<br />
Alchemilla vulgaris L., var. montana, Willd. Growing with the<br />
type, in some quantity over a piece of upland pasture near<br />
Braemar (92).<br />
Bosa coriifoUa Fr., var. Lintoni, Scheutz. Near Braemar (92),<br />
whence first reported.<br />
Ejnlobiion angustifolmm L., var. hrachycarpum Leight. Whatever<br />
is settled regarding this dubious variety, there is no reason for<br />
looking on it as an introduced plant. The Kev. E. S. Marshall has<br />
already commented in these pages on our gathering it high up the<br />
Unich Water (90), some miles away from habitation and cultivation.<br />
*E. obscitrum Schreb. Moffat Water (72). — E. ohscurum x<br />
palustre. Moffat (72).<br />
Galium Molku/o L.<br />
Braemar (92)<br />
Growing in a hedge in the outskirts of<br />
; under which circumstances we cannot add anything<br />
to ' Topographical Botany,' where it is given for 92 " as a distrusted<br />
native." ^^~*G. sylvestre Foil. Eocky gorge of Grey Mare's Tail,<br />
Moffat Water (72).<br />
Eocks of Little Craigindal (92).<br />
^^Crepis hieracioides Wald. & Kit. Moffat Water (72).<br />
Hieracium niyrescens Willd. On the rocky precipice of the<br />
Dhuloch (92) were growing three differing forms, all of which go<br />
under what we are accustomed to regard as H. nigrescens, and every<br />
one of them difiering from the monocephalous form gathered on<br />
Ben Hope, Sutherland, in 1886. We have first to learn what true<br />
H. nigrescens Willd. is. Then some of these distinguishable forms<br />
will be found worthy at least of varietal names. H. lasiophi/llwn<br />
Koch., Bradoonie, Clova (90). There is also in this district a<br />
pallidimi form, which is, perhaps, H. crinigerwn Fries, which runs<br />
near H. lasioiJiyllum, and has at times been confused with it.— *i?.<br />
argenteum Fries. Grey Mare's Tail, Moffat Water (72). Eather<br />
scarce. H. aqgreiiatxan Backh. Glen Fiagh (90) ; a scarce plant<br />
in Forfar.— =:=)i. Farrense F. J. Hanb. Glen Shee (89). We did<br />
not recognize this plant ; it was detected among our unnamed<br />
Hawkweeds by Mr. F. J. Hanbury. It shows no variation from the<br />
Sutherland plant, and is an interesting extension southwards of a<br />
very local plant hitherto only known on the north coast of
ABEKDEEN, FORFAK, and DUMFRIES fLANT-NOTES. 169<br />
Scotland. H. obtmifolium Baclch. This plant wliicli Backhouse<br />
describes as from Clova, has practically uot been re-discovered. It<br />
is not improbable that a IL amjlicum form, with oval entire leaves<br />
and a yellowish green tint, which we have come across in 1884 and<br />
1889, may be the plant which gave occasion to the description of<br />
this doubtful species. H. gothicum Fries. Very abundant and fine<br />
and fine but scarce in Glen<br />
last summer in the Clova Valley (90) ;<br />
Shee (89). H. prenanthoidcs Vill. In the gorge of the Grey Mare's<br />
Tail (72) ; gathered also by Dr. Davidson at Sanquhar two years<br />
ago, when it was first recorded for the county.—'^'H. umbel latuinJj.<br />
Clova Valley (90j. '-H. auratum Fries. Unnamed specimens<br />
were shown us by Mr. J. T. Johnstone at Moffat (72) from that<br />
neighbourhood ; and also sent previously to us by Dr. Davidson,<br />
from Sanquhar (72). We gathered this species at Clova also in<br />
1887, when it was still regarded as H. rigidum, and recorded under<br />
this name in Backhouse's Monograph, and m 1889.<br />
Veronica Beccahunga L. A very small form between two or<br />
three inches high grew beside a reservoir near Braemar (92), at an<br />
elevation of about 1400 ft.<br />
Rhinanthus Crista-Galli L., var, Drummoml-Hayi F. B. White,<br />
was the common and frequent form in Glen Doll and Glen Fiagh<br />
(90), and was also gathered in two different directions near Braemar<br />
(92).<br />
*Calamintha Clinopodium Bentb. Steep rocks by the Grey<br />
Mare's Tail Waterfall ; (72) a dwarf form, usually about 8 m. high,<br />
with wiry rigid stem, and firm strongly nerved leaves.<br />
:-Betula odorata Bechst., var. parvi/olia Wimm. Glen Fiagh<br />
(90). This was named for us by Mr. Arthur Bennett.<br />
Solix Myninites x nigricans. Glen Fiagh (90). Among several<br />
hybrid or uncertain willows gathered last year, this and another<br />
may be safely mentioned. We prefer to grow them for the most<br />
part, or obtain further material, that conjecture, however confident,<br />
may be backed by confirmatory evidence. This hybrid we gathered<br />
at the same spot in a previous year. It is evidently a blend with<br />
one of the narrow-leaved Myrsinites forms. The only S. nigricans<br />
that we observed either year in the same part of the glen was the<br />
type, which gi-ew near at hand, fruiting freely. It is obvious that,<br />
since both these species vary much in some of their characters, the<br />
cross results where they occur arc likely to present even greater<br />
variation. S. herbacea x Lappomim. We have seen this on three<br />
different occasions in a corrie in the Clova district ; but the<br />
material gathered in 1884 and 1887 was insufficient for proof,<br />
though conjecture was easy. Last summer we found stronger<br />
plants, growing close to where H. herbacea and S. Lapponum abounded,<br />
and no other likely parent was near. This was practically conclusive.<br />
Besides this, cuttings taken in 1887 have fiowered at Bournemouth<br />
in May, 1890 ; the ovary is that of Lapponum, only smaller ;<br />
the scale is nearer mucli to that of herbacea ; so is the style, which<br />
seems to wither before it lias energy enough to divide its stigmas,<br />
though this may be due to too dry a situation. The catkins arc<br />
produced on leafy peduncles, and are embraced between the topmost
170 ABERDEEN, FOEFAE, AND DUMFRIES PLANT-NOTES.<br />
leaves, as with S. herhacea; whereas S. Lapponum produces catkins<br />
before its leaves in its early flowering, though in alpine situations<br />
it is often found in fruit when the leaves are mature. The young<br />
leaves of the plant, as well as the mature foliage, are fairly intermediate<br />
between the two parents.<br />
MaJaxis paluclosa Sw. In fair quantity in one spot in the Clova<br />
Valley (90).<br />
"^Juncus squarrosiis L. Moffat Water (72).<br />
Potamofjeton natans L. A starved form, growing in shallow<br />
muddy water near the reservoir, Braemar (92), at an altitude of<br />
about 1400 ft.—P. polygonifolius Pourr., form with narrow leaves.<br />
Peaty puddle near the last, and at the same altitude. Mr. Fryer<br />
said the fruit was not quite right for var. angustifolius Fries, Mr.<br />
A. Bennett said it was a form " towards var. angustifolius Fries."<br />
Carex alpina Sw. Very fine in the same part of Glen Fiagh in<br />
which we have gathered it before. It is not unlikely that botanists<br />
who have failed to find it have been too late for it. The fruit was<br />
beginning to drop in the middle of July last year. In 1887,<br />
another forward season, it had disappeared by the middle of<br />
August.—*C. glauca Murr. Grey Mare's Tail, Moffat Water (72).—<br />
C. pilulifera L. Form with long bracts and remarkably pointed<br />
glumes, the nerve being excurrent ; Glen Fiagh (90), and near<br />
Dhuloch (92). This feature ought hardly to stand as a distinctive<br />
characteristic of C. Saxiimbra Lees. C. Q^deri Ehrh. Clova;(90).<br />
Named for us by Mr. Ar. Bennett. C. fidva x (Ederi. This<br />
hybrid was rather plentiful near Clova and Bradoonie (90). Both<br />
parents were growing freely about ; but in the two spots the hybrid<br />
was the most prevalent. We recognized it without difficulty, and<br />
had the flava form named by Mr. Bennett, as above. C. fidva x<br />
Jlava f. Meadow at Braemar (92). We did not take equal care to<br />
secure the Jiava parent in this case.<br />
Deschampsia ccBspitosa Bea.nv.jf.j^allida Koch. Clova Valley (90).<br />
Prof. Hackel has remarked on a Berkshire specimen of this form,<br />
considering it to be " not a variety, but only a shade-grown form."<br />
It appears to us nothing but an albino ; not necessarily the result<br />
of shade, for our plant was in an open meadow.<br />
Poa Balfourii Bab., var. montana Bab. ? Unich Water (90).<br />
Specimens of this grass, which was new to us, were forwarded<br />
by the kindness of the Rev. E. S. Marshall to Prof.<br />
Hackel, who in an interesting note on the plant queried it as<br />
above ; adding, " Had it grown on our Alps, I should have referred<br />
it without hesitation to P. nemoralis, var. viuntana Gaud., which it<br />
looks very much like."<br />
Festuca rubra L., var. grandifiora Hackel. Eocky slope, Glen<br />
Fiagh (90). This also went to Prof. Hackel, unnamed, who<br />
settled it as above. It has a very different look from the maritime<br />
fonn, which was so named by Hackel for one of us from specimens<br />
from the Norfolk coast about four years ago.<br />
'Bruchgpodlum sylvaticum R. & S. Mofl'at Water (72).<br />
Cystopteris fragilis Bernh., var. dentata Hook. Eocky corrie,<br />
Clova (90). Name confirmed by Mr. J. G. Baker.
CAREX RIGIDA AND ITS VARIETIES. 171<br />
Lastrmi FiUx-mm Presl., var. abbreviata Bab. Grey Mare's<br />
Tail, Moffat Water (72).<br />
Lycopodiiaii annotimuii L. On Little Craigindal (92), where it<br />
fruits freely. Elsewhere we have found it generally barren, or<br />
nearly so.<br />
Cham, frar/ilis Desv., var. barbata Gant. Peaty pools, Braemar<br />
(92). Name determined for us by Messrs. Groves.<br />
CAREX RIGIDA Gooden. AND ITS VAKIETIES.<br />
By Prof. L. H. Bailey.<br />
Mr. Arthur Bennett's appreciative review of my paper on the<br />
" Types of Carex " in this Journal for 1889 (p. 330), calls for some<br />
remarks and explanations concerning C. hyperborca, C. vuhjdvis, C.<br />
rvjida, &c. Mr. Bennett is puzzled to know what becomes of the<br />
Scottish plant which has been called C. rigida var. wferalpina<br />
Laest., inasmuch as I referred the var. inferaJpina of Laestadius to<br />
C. vulgaris var. hyperborea. I am unable to throAv any light upon<br />
the question, as I have not seen the Scottish plant ; but the C.<br />
riyida var. inferalpina at Copenhagen, which I saw, is the same as<br />
Drejer's C. hyperborea. It is evident, however, that the plant<br />
which I examined at Copenhagen is not Laestadius's type, for<br />
Laestadius described his plant as C. saxatilis var. inferalpina. But<br />
the specimen is undoubtedly authentic.<br />
Mr. Bennett writes:— "The confusion with C. hyperborea has<br />
been great ;<br />
by Nyman ;<br />
the true plant is only given<br />
but Urejer, in his<br />
as Faroen and Icelandic<br />
' Revisio ' (1841), says, * Lapponia,<br />
Laestad. ! in herb. Hornem.' " But Drejer says more than this.<br />
He credits the plant to Greenland, Faroes, and Lapland. I have<br />
seen Drejer's types at Copenhagen, and they are the same as the<br />
American plants from Mt. Washington and northward, which have<br />
been referred to the same species. In fact, I have before me, as I<br />
write, a good sheet of Vahl's collection in Greenland, in 1830, a<br />
part, as I suppose, of the very specimens upon which Drejer<br />
founded<br />
('. hyjierborea, and I also have specimens obtained in<br />
Greenland by Piosenvinge in 1888 ; all of these are clearly the<br />
same as the American plant. My object in comparing these plants<br />
with the American is to confirm the correctness of Boott's refer-<br />
ence of Drejer's C. hyperborea to the species represented by the<br />
name<br />
( '. vnlyaris. There is so gradual a blending of types from<br />
the top of Mt. Washington, where C. hyperborea grows, to the<br />
adjacent sea-coast, where C. vnlyaris is common, that tliere can bo<br />
no doubt as to tlie specific identity of tlie two plants. But the<br />
same thing may be observed in Northern Europe.<br />
" In one instance Prof. Bailey is not consistent, i. e., in retain-<br />
ing C. vuJyari,i Fr., for C Goodrnovii Gay, which name is certainly<br />
three years anterior to that of Fries." This criticism is perfectly<br />
just ; but the difficulty extends beyond these two names, and if<br />
reform is to be undertaken it nnist begin fifty years farther back.
172 CAREX RIGIDA AND ITS VARIETIES.<br />
C. hyperborea is also older than C. vulgaris. It is the accepted<br />
practice, when combining specific names into a composite species,<br />
to erect the oldest specific name into the type. C. rnjida should,<br />
therefore, be taken as the type of this species, for there can be no<br />
doubt, as Dr. Boott long ago showed, but that G. rigida and 0.<br />
vulgaris are specifically one. Boott appears to have had it in mind<br />
to refer all the forms of the species to C. rigida rather than to C.<br />
vulgaris, for in his ' Illustrations ' he frequently uses the former<br />
name in combination incidentally : but his characterizations are<br />
always drawn under the latter name.<br />
The proper re-casting of the species would probably treat it<br />
about as follows :<br />
Carex rigida Gooden. Linn. Trans, ii. 193, t. 22 (1792).<br />
C. saxatilis auct. Scand., not Linn.<br />
C. saxatilis vars. infuscata, pudica, lutosa, Drejer, Revis. Crit.<br />
Car. Bor. 42, 43 (1841).<br />
C. vuh/aris var. al/pina Boott, iii. 167 (1867).<br />
G. FyllcE Holm. Engl. Bot. Jahrbiicher, viii. 294 (1887).<br />
Northern Europe, Scotland, and probably in<br />
region of North America.<br />
the Rocky Mountain<br />
Var. BiGELovii Tuckm. Enum. Meth. 19 (1843). G. Bigelovii<br />
Torr. Ann. N. Y. Lye. i. 67 (1824). G. Washingtoniana Dewey,<br />
Sill. Journ. (I.), x. 272 (1826). G. saxatilis var. Bigelovii Torr.<br />
Monogr. 397 (1836). C. saxatilis var. inferalpina L. L. Laestadius,<br />
Loca Parall. PI. 287 (1839). G. hyperborea Drejer, Revis.<br />
Crit. Car. Bor. 43 (1841). G. Fridrichsthaliana Steud. PI. Cyper.<br />
211 (1855). G. dubitata Dewey, Wood's Bot. 1861, 755. G. vulgaris<br />
var. hyperborea Boott, iii. 167 (1867). G. Warmingii Holm.<br />
Engl. Bot. Jahrbiicher, viii. 294 (1887). Lapland, Faroe, (Scotland<br />
?), Iceland. Greenland, and southward in America to Mt.<br />
Washington, and evidently also in the Rocky Mountains.<br />
Var. GooDENOvii. G. acuta /3. Linn. Fl. Suec. ed. 2, 334<br />
(1745). G. acuta a. nigra Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, 978 (1753). G.<br />
ccBspitosa Gooden. Linn. Trans, ii. 195, t. 21 (1792). G. Goodenovii<br />
Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat. (II.), xi. 191 (1839). G. vulgaris Fries, Mant.<br />
iii. 153 (1842). Northern Europe and Asia, and along the North<br />
Atlantic seaboard in North America.<br />
Var. strictiformis.— G. Limula? Gray, Man. ed. 5, 582 (1867).<br />
G. vulgaris var. strictiformis Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club, i. 74 (1889).<br />
Near the seaboard from Pennsylvania northward to Canada.<br />
Var. limula. — G. limula Fries, Summa, 229 (1846). G. vulgaris<br />
var. hyperborea (limula) Boott, iii. 169 (1867). Scandinavia.<br />
Var. ELYTROiDES. — G. elytroides Fries, Summa, 232 (1846). G.<br />
vulgaris var. elytroides Boott, iii. 168 (1867). Near the seaboard<br />
from Holland northward.<br />
Var. tricostata.— G. tricostata Fries, Mant. iii. 152 (1842). G.<br />
vulgaris var. tricostata Boott. iii. 168 (1867). Scandinavia.<br />
Var. JUNCEA. — G. vulgaris var. juncea Fries, Mant. iii.<br />
(1842). G. vulgaris var. jnncella Fries, Summa, 230 (1846).<br />
154<br />
G.<br />
angustifolia Smith, Engl. Fl. 127 teste Boott. Great Britain and<br />
Northern Europe.
SUPPOSED HYBRIDITY IN POTAMOGETON. 173<br />
Var, TERES. C, vnlfjaris var, teres Boott, iii. 168, (1867). From<br />
Germany northward.<br />
Var. TURFOSA. — C. turfosa Fries, Summa, 228 (1846). C. vulgaris<br />
var. turfosa Boott, iii. 169 (1867). Scandinavia.<br />
Var. BRACTEOSA. C. vuhjaris var. bracteosa Bailey, Proc. Amer.<br />
Acad. Arts and Sci. xxii. Si (1886). California. Greenland.<br />
C. Gaudichaudiana Kuntli, which Boott makes a variety of C,<br />
vulgaris, appears, from the little material which I have seen, to be<br />
at least a very doubtful variety of this species, and for the present<br />
it had probably better stand alone.<br />
SUPPOSED HYBRIDITY IN POTAMOGETON.<br />
By Alfred Fryer.<br />
When I first began to study local forms of Potmnogeton in the<br />
Fens, I was strongly prejudiced against regarding any of the<br />
generally accepted species of authors as of possible hybrid origin,<br />
but supposed that such species as are described in our standard<br />
works were in all cases "good species," which especially fulfilled<br />
the first theoretical demand of a species by being sterile with all<br />
other species of the genus. If on rare occasions a cross ever<br />
occurred, I held that the consequent ofl"spring was absolutely<br />
barren, and incapable of continuing its race except by " extension "<br />
or growth from the original plant. Indirectly, these views were,<br />
if I remember rightly, advocated in the earlier notes of this series.<br />
By degrees, however, the local facts that presented themselves<br />
compelled me to regard P. decipiens as a hybrid between P. lucens<br />
and P. perfoliatus. This conclusion, by no means hastily made,<br />
induced me more closely to examine the local distribution and lifehistory<br />
of other so-called species of Potamogeton, and more especially<br />
to inquh'e into such circumstances as seemed to throw any<br />
light on their origin, or the relationship they bore one to another.<br />
The facts observed in the course of these investigations, and the<br />
conclusions I have arrived at, form the substance of this note. By<br />
stating the facts fairly, I hope to enable the reader to correct for<br />
himself any errors of inference I may have fallen into.<br />
In a previous note I stated that such forms as P. hctcrophyUus<br />
and P. Zidi were as variable when growing apart as wlien growing<br />
together. This statement was altogether erroneous. I did not then<br />
understand the difference between states of species and varieties<br />
of species,—between forms that are only temporary and speedily<br />
revert to the type, and forms that are permanent, for the life of the<br />
individual at least. But continued study of tlic living plant of one<br />
of our most apparently variable races of P. Zidi, sliowed that this<br />
multiform plant has no true variety, iuthe botanical sense of the word,<br />
but that all its forms may be produced on the same rootstock, often<br />
in a single season, or at most in the course of three or four seasons,<br />
and that these forms arc mere states due to temporary causes, such
174 SUPPOSED HYBEIDITY IN POTAMOGETON.<br />
as varying depth of water, or a greater or less degree of tempera-<br />
ture, or whether they grow in stations crowded with other plants.<br />
This race of P. Zizii, which grows in Westmoor, in the<br />
parishes of Chatteris and Doddington, extends over four or five<br />
square miles of the Fen, so that the constantly varying conditions<br />
of the numerous mill-drains and smaller ditches it inhabits afford<br />
unusually favourable opportunities for its study. Some ditch is constantly<br />
growing up, or some drain is deepened, or new ditches and<br />
drains are sometimes made, so that the deep-water lucens-Y\kQ form<br />
of one year, or of early spring, may become the shallow-water<br />
heterophyllus -like form of another year, or of late summer in the<br />
same year even. Now on this west side of the Island of Chatteris<br />
no Potamoijeton heterophyllus is at present to be found. P. Zizii has<br />
lucens, nutans and perfoliatus as its usual companions.<br />
Such forms as P. varians and P. coriaceus, both probable hybrids<br />
between Zizii and heterophyllus, therefore ought not to occur in<br />
Westmoor, and do not. But, on the other hand, a single plant of<br />
P. decipiens [lucens x perfoUatus), apparently a seedling, has been<br />
found, and also another decipiens-\\\e form, in a single plant, which<br />
suggests Zizii x perfoliatus. One other probable hybrid has also<br />
occurred : P. fluitans, or lucens x natans.<br />
This latter form occurred in two distant places, in single plants<br />
in each locality only, as if only recently introduced, or sprung from<br />
seeds.<br />
Now if we turn to the east of Chatteris, we come to a district<br />
called Block Fen and Witcham Headlands. In both these locali-<br />
ties P. Zizii and P. heterophyllus are found constantly growing side<br />
by side, over an area of about the same extent as the Westmoor P.<br />
Zizii occupies. Here we find very diflerent results ; both P. varians<br />
and P. coriaceus occur plentifully, and P. Zizii and P. heterophyllus<br />
both produce numerous permanent forms, some of which are<br />
almost undoubtedly hybrids. In one drain between Block Fen and<br />
Witcham Headlands ("Broker's Drain" of my labels), almost<br />
every group of P. Zizii and P. heterophyllus seems to be distinct<br />
from its neighbouring group ; some forms appear to be exactly intermediate,<br />
others approach more nearly to one or other of the<br />
supposed parents ; but few of them seem to be states, as I have not<br />
found them to revert to either of the type species, but they remain<br />
constantly distinct from one another through the most varying conditions.<br />
Some of these forms are no doubt true varieties, but<br />
others are quite as certainly hybrids, or double hybrids between<br />
Zizii and lieteropliyllus.<br />
Although for a year or two past I had begun to suspect a<br />
remarkable form growing in Broker's Drain to be of hybrid origin,<br />
it was not until the summer of 1889 that I succeeded in obtaining<br />
what seems to be a direct proof of the hybrid parentage of any one<br />
individual.<br />
For three or four years I had watched the growth of a slender<br />
plant, apparently a seedling, also growing m Broker's Drain, and<br />
had placed it in its immature state as a form allied to P. heterophyllus<br />
var. jiuctuans of Tiselius ; the plant had not flowered, nor
SUPPOSED HYBRIDITY IN POTAMOGETON. 175<br />
produced floating leaves, but gradnally extended itself year by year<br />
until it began to form a little colony or bed sufficiently strong to<br />
keep out other forms of the genus from intruding on its territory.<br />
Its exact station was sufficiently fixed in my memory by the fact<br />
of its occupying a clear space of water between two local forms of<br />
P. Zizii and P. heteroplujllus. In June of 1889 I visited this drain<br />
for the first time that season, and was greatly surprised to see a<br />
new form of Potamorjeton quite unknown to me. I thought I knew<br />
each individual plant in Broker's Drain as well as I knew each individual<br />
face in the circle of my friends, for I had watched and<br />
gathered specimens of each local form and of almost every individual<br />
plant for four or five years, yet here was something quite new<br />
and which I could not refer to any segregate known to me.<br />
Hastily fishing a plant up, the lower leaves of the stem at once<br />
showed that it was the supposed seedling I had referred to P.<br />
fuctuans. The next point was to make sure of the exact locality<br />
by examining the plants on either side, and I found the beds of<br />
Zizii and heteropJnjIlus, both of which I know perfectly well. Now<br />
this new form of P. jluctiians was not like the other forms I had<br />
referred to this segregate, except in the lower leaves, but was<br />
curiously intermediate between the local forms of P. Zizii and<br />
P. heteroplujllus which grew on either hand. Perhaps it is hardly<br />
possible to obtain a stronger proof of a natural hybrid or crossbred<br />
plant than this instance affords. It seems to me only less<br />
strong than would be the case if such a form had been obtained<br />
artificially, by actually crossing the Zizii and heterophylhis-iovms.<br />
Unfortunately the drain was cleared of weeds in the ensuing wet<br />
July, before the plant had time to produce fruit, which, I think, from<br />
the appearance of the abundant flower- spikes, it would have done.<br />
The origmal Scandinavian form, named by Dr. Tiselius, " P.<br />
heterophi/lliis Schreh. V. jiuctuans mihi," certainly fruits readily. I<br />
have always considered it to be a hybrid between hcterophyUm and<br />
Zizii, approaching more nearly the former plant. I sent Dr. Tiselius<br />
one of the forms from Broker's Drain, labelled '' heterophyllus x<br />
^un," on which his comment is, " resembling /Hcfua?isTis.," . . .<br />
" possibly Zizii x hcterophijllus (as) observed by you." This second<br />
Jhu'tiuDis-fovm. fruits freely with us, but perhaps less so than either<br />
of its supposed parents.<br />
Having thus convinced myself that these two forms, P. Zizii and<br />
P* lietcropJiijllMs, do interbreed, I next turned my attention to the<br />
local circumstances in which /-*. varians grows, and to the variations<br />
it undergoes, both independently of, and in connection with, those<br />
conditions. I had previously suspected the hybrid origin of P.<br />
raridiis, as my published note on that segregate will show,* but now<br />
I began to push my resciirches in a fresh direction with some degree<br />
of confidence. This was to observe whether any variation had<br />
resulted from propagation by seed, or otherwise, in a colony of P.<br />
varians whicli grew apart from botli Zi:ii and liftewphyllu^, and<br />
ofi'ered an unusually favourable opportunity of seeing what a single<br />
plant of a supposed hybrid would do when left to itself.<br />
• Journ. Bot. 1889, 35.
176 SUPPOSED HYBRIDITY IN POTAMOGETON.<br />
In 1880 I found a single plant, or small patch, which had the<br />
appearance of having sprung from a single roofcstock, of what I then<br />
supposed to be P. heterophijllus, growing in Blockmoor, near Mepal.<br />
After a few years I found, on revisiting the locality, the little patch<br />
had spread until it more or less covered about a hundred yards in<br />
length of the ditch in which it grew. But the plant had now varied<br />
slightly from the first gathered specimen, and I thought it to be a<br />
variety of heterophylliis. Still there was nothing very striking about<br />
it. In the year 1886 I noticed for the first time the plant had<br />
begun to fruit somewhat freely; the ditch having been frequently<br />
dry between 1880 and 1886, probably greatly interfered, if it did<br />
not entirely prevent fruiting during that period. I gathered<br />
several specimens in the latter year, and found them very uniform<br />
in character. The next year, however, numerous young plants,<br />
apparently seedlings, began to spring up all over the ditch, presenting<br />
an astonishing variety of forms. At this time I supposed<br />
some of these forms to be P. Zizii, and others good heterophyllus,<br />
while yet other forms seemed distinct fi'om either of these plants.<br />
More careful study, and the discovery of P. varians, of Morong,<br />
in another locality, led me to suspect this colony to consist entirely<br />
of P. varians, of which a single seed or plant had been transported<br />
from its head-quarters some mile or so off. (Outliers from the headquarters<br />
of a local form are frequently met with at short distances in<br />
the Fen, but I know of no instance of this " accidental " transportation<br />
for long distances, though it must occur at times). The identifica-<br />
tion with varians proved to be correct, for our typical colony of<br />
varians, named by the Kev. T. Morong himself, has since sprorted<br />
by seed and extension into a similar, though less numerous, set of<br />
varieties.<br />
Here then we have exactly the results that occur when gardeners<br />
cross Pisiim satiwnvfith P. arvense,—variation by extension, and<br />
variation by seed without any further cross. This Blockmoor colony<br />
of P. varians sprang fi'om a single plant, and it varied both by<br />
extension and from seed just as many artificially cross-bred forms<br />
do.<br />
Many botanists who may be inclined to think that I have fair<br />
grounds for supposmg that P. Zizii and P. heterophyllus do frequently<br />
cross, with one another, or with lucens and the more recently<br />
proposed segregates, will urge that the resulting forms are not<br />
true hybrids at all but only monyreh, inasmuch as all the forms<br />
under consideration are varieties of one species. This may be so ;<br />
I do not hold quite the same view myself, now regarding P. lucens<br />
and P. heterophyllus as not having descended one from the other,<br />
but that the intermediate forms are the result of repeated crosses.<br />
Whatever rank the above forms may hold, I think, however, no one<br />
will regard P. natans and P. lucens as anything but species widely<br />
distinct ; yet these two forms seem to cross with the result of producing<br />
a plant, P. fluitans, which is said by some botanists to be<br />
occasionally fertile. As far as my observations go, the plant<br />
regarded by authors as the P. fluitans, of Roth, is a barren hybrid,<br />
and the fruiting form called P. fluitans is a distinct species. Hybrids
SUPPOSED HYBRIDITY IN POTAMOGETON. 177<br />
usually barren do, however, occasionally bear fruit. By the kindness<br />
of Messrs. Bennett and Beeby, I possess fruit of " P. jlnitans'^<br />
from four diii'erent continental localities ; these fruits seem to fall<br />
imder two forms, one of which the accompanying foliage shows to<br />
be the form I regard as a distinct species, the other may be fruit of<br />
the plant of Both, but foliage is wanting to prove this. All I can<br />
at present claim, with any degree of certainty, is that P. Jiuitans of<br />
the Fens is a hybrid between P. natans and P. lucens. It never<br />
occurs but in sinf/le plaiits, and in localities so far apart as to<br />
render it extremely improbable that fragments of living plants<br />
sufficiently large to grow can have been carried by any natural<br />
means.<br />
In my previous*'note on P.decipiens-''- I gave my reasons for considering<br />
that plant a hybrid, reasons I need not here repeat ; but<br />
will mention one fact which suggests that P. decipiens in some<br />
forms may possess pollen which is partly, though imperfectly,<br />
fertile. Mr. H. Bromwich tells me that the form which he sent to<br />
the Exchange Club as " P. decipiens, v. afftne,'" seems to be as<br />
fertile as any other Potamof/eton. It certainly does seem so up to a<br />
certain point. The fruit-spike swells its di-upelets till about one<br />
half grown, then they shrivel and remain dead on the spike (in our<br />
Fen-land decipiens the drupelets usually rot quite away).<br />
This looks like a first effort in the direction of fertile pollen. I<br />
do not think the stimulus that causes the swelling of the drupelets<br />
to be foreign pollen from other species of Potatnoi/eton, because the<br />
spikes seem to swell regularly, not a single drupelet here and there.<br />
Mr. Bromwich informs me the plant grows apart from other forms.<br />
That certain plants of Potamofjeton which are not hybrids may<br />
remain barren for many years, even under apparently favourable<br />
conditions, is a fact I have already ascertained. And I think it<br />
is fairly well known that such supposed hybrids as P. lancenlatus<br />
of Smitli, and P. varicms of Morong, do rarely become fertile under<br />
favourable conditions. Hence I am not unhopeful that many<br />
of our hybrid Potamogetons may ultimately progress to more or less<br />
perfect fertility. To keep this note within reasonable limits I can<br />
mention only one other instance of supposed hybridity between distinct<br />
species of Potamofjeton. In the summer of 1889, my nephew,<br />
Mr. C. E. Billups, sent me a remarkable form from the Kivcr Dee,<br />
above Chester, under the name of " P. crispus.'" I at once referred<br />
this plant to P. j)erfoUatiis, a decision which received support from<br />
other botanists ; but Mr. Billups, a very acute naturalist, was<br />
unable to concur, and pointed out that the stem was compressed<br />
like that of P. crispus, and that in habit the plant resembled<br />
that species rather than perj'oliatus. 1 planted several roots, and as<br />
the plant gi-ew it produced young shoots from tlie axils of the<br />
leaves on the main stem, so like those of 1'. crispus as to require<br />
_<br />
* My friend Mr. Beeby, wlio has often been helpful to me in my studies in<br />
this genus, sends me the following,' correction on that note. " I do not find<br />
' empty ' anthers on your Fen-plant. As in nitem, they are simply unopened ;<br />
and, as in that plant, they contain plenty of pollen—of a sort."—W. 11. 13. in litt..<br />
May 10th, 1890.<br />
Journal of Botany.— Vol. 28. [June, 1890.] n
178 SUPPOSED HYBRIDITY IN POTAMOGETON.<br />
careful examination to enable one to separate tliem from that<br />
species with certainty. At the present time the lower leaves on the<br />
young stems resemble those of a narrow-leaved form of perfoliatus,<br />
while those on the upper part of the stem are nearly like those of<br />
crispus. Mr. Billups informs me that he found only one patch of<br />
the plant, a very large and dense one, of remarkably vigorous<br />
growth, but producing no flower-spikes.<br />
Having carefully compared for some months the living plant<br />
from the Dee with fresh examples of P. 'perfoliatus growing in the<br />
Fens, I find it differs from that plant in not dying down in winter ;<br />
but remains growing from late autumn to spring just as crispus<br />
does ; which plant it also resembles in habit, _ and in the lower<br />
leaves of the young stems being like ordinary leaves, but mounted on<br />
the hacks of the loiver stipules. Surely we may regard this Dee plant<br />
as a hybrid between P. crispus and P. perfoliatus ?<br />
Dr. Tiselius sent me early in the present year an extensive<br />
series of P. nitens. Amongst them was a remarkable form which<br />
he labels<br />
" P. nitens Wil.<br />
f. intermedia mihi.<br />
Antea P. intermedins mihi (ad interim) distributa."<br />
I was much struck with the resemblance between this P. intermedium<br />
and a series of plants collected in " Birsay Loch, Orkney " (Co. Ill)<br />
by the late Dr. Boswell ; and also, in a less degree, by its resemblance<br />
to a Surrey form from the Woking Canal, collected by Mr.<br />
Beeby.<br />
All these intermedius-Y\ke forms grow together with P. nitens and<br />
P. hete7-ophyllis, and suggest that they are the offspring of the two<br />
segregates. This supposition presents some difficulties. One of the<br />
supposed parents, P. nitens, seems not to be known y^'xihfertile sjnkes of<br />
seed (possibly single drupelets may be produced in some instances, but<br />
the proofs of this are doubtful to me), its pollen also seems to be<br />
abortive. The supposed intermediates are produced in such abun-<br />
dance that I think if P. nitens were the seed-bearing parent, some<br />
examples of fruiting spikes of nitens would exist in herbariums ;<br />
but<br />
I have met with none, nor can anyone tell me where one is to be<br />
seen. All plants I have had sent to me as fruiting nitens are good<br />
heterophyllus.<br />
On looking over collections of Potamogetons from localities<br />
where P. heterophyllus grows with P. nitens, I have been frequently<br />
surprised at the resemblance some specimens of the former plant<br />
bear to the latter, so that again the idea of hybridity between the two<br />
forms has been suggested. Some of the forms from these localities<br />
are 7iitens-like, and yet not resembling the P. intermedius of Tiselius.<br />
And the question naturally arises : whence the resemblance ?<br />
I have no facts to offer in solution of this difficult question, and<br />
no hypothesis which does not break down almost at the outset. I<br />
do not think, as has been suggested to me, that nitens is the seedbearing<br />
parent, but rather that the pollen of nitens is occasionally<br />
fertile. In which case a smgle potent spike would fertilize<br />
many drupelets of any Potamoyeton it could cross with.<br />
very
NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. 179<br />
The facts I have attempted to show are these :—1. That nearly<br />
allied forms, such as F. Ziz'd and P. heterophijllus, certainly cross.<br />
2. That these cross-bred plants are sometimes fertile. 3. That<br />
their offspring varies from seed just as artificially-produced<br />
hybrids do. 4. That if we consider these hybrids as mongrels, i.e.,<br />
as the offspring of varieties instead of species, yet no such doubt<br />
can attach to P. Jiuitans, the result of lucens x natans, which<br />
hybrid, though usually barren, may also occasionally be fertile ;<br />
and 5, That Potamogetons may progress from absolute sterility,<br />
to more or less complete fertility, under the influence of extended<br />
time and favourable conditions.<br />
If my contention is correct, I think we may then safely assume<br />
that crossing of "species" has been, and still is, one of the<br />
methods by which other species are fashioned.<br />
NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS.<br />
By Eev. E. S. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S., and F. J. Hanbury, F.L.S.<br />
We spent a fortnight together during the second half of last<br />
July ; the places visited being Kingshouse and Inveroran, in the<br />
" Black Mount" district of Argyle (vice-county 98), and Tyndrum<br />
and Crianlarich, Mid-Perth (v.c. 88). Special attention was paid<br />
to Hieracia, a number of which were collected, several being forms<br />
not yet identified. A few references are made to plants found<br />
by one or both of us in previous years. After we had parted<br />
company, some things of interest were gathered by E. S. M. in<br />
Corrie Ardran, Glen Dochart, and on Meall-na-Saone, Glen<br />
and a short excursion to<br />
Lochay, which was ascended from Luib ;<br />
Ben-a-chroin, at the head of Glen Falloch, also yielded new<br />
stations for some Perthshire plants. We place this in v.c. 87 (W.<br />
Perth), in accordance with Watson's map. We have to acknowledge<br />
help from Professors Babington and Hackel, as well as from<br />
Messrs. Bccby, Bennett, Cosmo Melvill, Towusend, the Eev. E. F.<br />
Linton, and Dr. Buchanan White.<br />
We believe plants marked =" to<br />
county.<br />
be unrecorded for the vice-<br />
Ranunculus hederaceus L. Kingshouse, at 800 feet. E. flammula<br />
L., var. radicans Nolte, is abundant and well-marked on<br />
the gravelly shores of Loch Tulla, Inveroran. Var. petioJaris<br />
Lange, was again collected near Kingshouse, this time in good<br />
fruit. The carpels arc rather lai'gcr than those of var. radicans,<br />
but do not materially differ. We arc, however, by no means convinced<br />
that the plant is not a distinct species. The peculiar<br />
IJttorella-VikQ root-leaves (retained under cultivation) are totally<br />
different from those of typical Fhiiinniila, and are very evanescent,<br />
mostly disappearing belbrc the fruit ripens. The wliolo plant<br />
is remarkably brittle and upright, and, among tlic many specimens<br />
which we examined, wo did not find a single intermediate or<br />
n 2
180 NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS.<br />
connecting link with the assumed type. A weak stem, which<br />
became decumbent and lived through last winter, developed three<br />
nodal-rooting plants, the leaves of which had the look of LittoreUa,<br />
already mentioned ; but they have since died. It has not flowered<br />
in cultivation hitherto, and a specimen sent to Mr. Bennett soon<br />
died. This form is probably frequent on the gravelly lake-margins<br />
of Kannoch Muir, and deserves further study.— *i^. Steveni Andrz.<br />
A beautiful buttercup, which is placed here by Messrs. Beeby,<br />
Bennett, and Townsend, was gathered sparingly, in flower only, at<br />
about 2700 feet, on granite, near Kingshouse (98). It has a<br />
horizontal root-stock, and the leaves are firm in texture, with<br />
broad lobes. The same form was gathered by F. J. H. on Cairu<br />
Toul, Aberdeenshire, at 3500 feet, in 1887.<br />
Nuphar pumilum Sm. Very abundant in a lakelet adjoining<br />
Lochan Dhu, near Kingshouse.<br />
"^Nymphma alba L,, var. minor. Syme. Same locality (98).<br />
Arabis petrcea Lam. The Ben Laoigli form seems to us fully<br />
deserving of Mr. Druce's varietal name ; its sub-entire leaves and<br />
large and sometimes purplish flowers at once distinguish it. At<br />
first sight, one would hardly take it for the same species as that of<br />
the Braemar district.<br />
Draba rupestris E. Br. Am Binnein, Ben More (88).<br />
Cochlearia officinalis L., var. aljnna (Watson) Bab. Clach<br />
Leathad, Kingshouse, at 3000 feet ; Meall Buidhe, near Inveroran,<br />
at 2500 feet ; Am Binnein, up to about 3500 feet. C. grcenlandica<br />
L. Am Binnein, from 3300 to 3500 feet. Clearly identical with<br />
the Ben Lawers plant passed as this species by Prof. Babington.<br />
Subularia aquatica L. Loch Tulla (98) ; Loch Dochart (88).<br />
Polygala serpxjllacea Weihe.<br />
Cerastium arcticum Lange.<br />
Glen Falloch.<br />
Am Binnein, associated, as on Ben<br />
Lawers, with both forms of C. alpinum L. The var. piloso-pubescens<br />
Benth. {jmbescens Syme) of the latter was also met with in Innis<br />
Choarach, Meall-na-Soane.<br />
Sagina procumbens L., ascends to quite 3300 feet on Am<br />
Binnein. S. Linnai Presl. Meall Buidhe (98) ; Ben Laoigh and<br />
Innis Choarach (88). S. nivalis Fr. Our visit to Am Binnein was<br />
mainly in order to search for this plant, once found there many<br />
years ago. A single fine and typical specimen was obtained at<br />
about 3500 feet.<br />
Anthyllis Vidneraria L. Eailway-banks near Crianlarich<br />
apparently var. Dillenii (Schultz).<br />
*FMbus villicaulis Koehl. (teste Baker). Streamside, Inveroran<br />
(98).— *jR. ChamcBmorus L. Near Kingshouse, at 2300 feet (98).<br />
Rosa tomentosa Sm., var. subglobosa (Sm.) Crianlarich.<br />
Saxifraga nivalis L. Am Binnein. -'-S. quinquejlda Haw.<br />
(S. sponhemica Gmel.) Ben-a-chroin (87).<br />
*Callitnche staqnalis Scop., var. serpyllifolia Lounroth, " Obs.<br />
Crit. PI. Suec. Illustr." p. 16 (1854) (teste Ar. Bennett). Kingshouse<br />
(98), on mud. What is probably the same form was seen,<br />
but not taken, by the shore of Loch Dochart. Mr. Bennett has it<br />
from W. Sutherland,
NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. 181<br />
'^Epilobuan angmtifolium L. Mountain-glen near Kingshouse<br />
(98), at 2000 feet.<br />
Solidcujo Virrjaurea L., var. *camb7-ica (Huds.) On granite,<br />
near Kingshouse (98), above 2500 feet.<br />
Cnicus heterophijllus Willd. The laciniate-leaved form occurs on<br />
the river-bank opposite Luib Station.<br />
Hierachim holosericeum Backh. In two or three places near<br />
Kingshouse, from 2000 to 2700 feet; mostly small and without<br />
flowers. *H. eximium Backh. (type). Plentiful on granite near<br />
Kingshouse ; more sparingly on mica-schist, Meall Buidhe (98).<br />
scarcer than the<br />
Var. tenellum Backh., near Kingshouse ; much<br />
type.— *H. calendiiliflorum Backh. Mountains near Kingshouse ;<br />
plentiful in one glen. Foliage luxuriant and typical. Flowers<br />
rather smaller than in the Braemar form ; frequently two and<br />
occasionally three or even four heads on one stem (98). H.<br />
gracilentum Backli. On granite, about Kingshouse ; Meall Buidhe,<br />
on mica-schist.— *H. nigrescens Willd. Cliffs of Meall Buidhe (98).<br />
Forms probably referable to this species, but unlike that of the<br />
Cairngorms, occur about Kingshouse. H. lingulatum Backh. Frequent<br />
around Kingshouse ; the yellow-styled plant recorded last<br />
year being much rarer than the typical one with livid styles.<br />
Ben Laoigh ; Corrie Ardran (88). Ben-a-chroin ("^'87). H. senescens<br />
Backh. Meall Buidhe (*98). Ben Laoigh ; Am Biunein ; Corrie<br />
Ardran ; Innis Choarach (88). Ben-a-chroin (*87).<br />
characteristic plant of the Western Breadalbanes.<br />
Evidently a<br />
H. anglicum<br />
Fr. About Kingshouse ; Meall Buidhe (*98). Ben More ; Ben<br />
Laoigh, &c. (88).<br />
Glen Falloch (*97).—Var. iongihractcatum F. J.<br />
Hanbury. Stream-side, near Kingshouse (*98).— *//. iriciim Fr.<br />
About Kingshouse (98). H. argenteum Fr., Inveroran ; scarce.<br />
H. vmrorum L. (segregate). Near Kingshouse (*98), in various<br />
forms. Glen Falloch (-87). H. Deivaii Bosw. About Kingshouse<br />
(98).<br />
feet.<br />
Crianlarich (88) ; scarce. Glen Falloch (87), at about 1300<br />
H. prenanthoides Vill. Crianlarich ; scarce.— */i. umbellatum<br />
L. La open meadows at Inveroran (89). Bare in the Highlands.<br />
H. corymhosuvi Fr. Kailway-banks between Crianlarich and Luib<br />
(88). H. uuratum Fr. Kingshouse and Inveroran (98) ; Tyndrum<br />
and Crianlarich (88). H. sparsifolium Lindeberg. Inveroran (98).<br />
Campanula rotundifolia L., var. lancifulia Mert. and Koch (Mr.<br />
Bennett points out that their * Deutsch. Fl.' is referred to in Koch's<br />
' Synopsis'). Cliffs of Ben-a-chroin, at 2500 feet.— C. rutundij'olia<br />
was gathered on the very summit of Am Binnein, at an altitude of<br />
8820 feet, over 300 feet higher than i)reviously recorded in Britain.<br />
*Vaccinium ul ig inusuni Jj. Ben-a-chroin (87).<br />
Euphrasia officinalis L. A tiny plant, ^ to Ih inch high, which<br />
grows on Am Binnein between 3500 and 3700 feet, and at a similar<br />
altitude on Ben Lawers, is referred by Mr. Townsend to a dwarf<br />
form of his var. hurcalis of E. Rustlwviana Hcyne. Another, about<br />
2 inches high, occurred at 2000 feet on Ben Laoigh, and this<br />
be places under /','. gracilis Fr.<br />
^Ve7-onica scrjiglli/olia L., h. humi/usa(Dick8.). Ben-a-chroin (87).<br />
Betula intermedia Thomas, found by us in Glen Callatcr, in
182 NOTES ON mGHLAND PLANTS.<br />
1886, and assented to by Prof. Babington, is now confirmed by Mr.<br />
Ai-. Bennett, who had doubted the naming, after comparison with<br />
authentic examples at Kew. Eegel regards this as B. pubescens x<br />
7iana.— --B. piibesceiis Ehrh. {r/lutinosa Fr. I, var. parvifolia (Wimm.)<br />
By the Falloch burn (87), at about 1500 feet. (^The name B.<br />
odorata Bechst., is appHed by some German botanists to B . jjiibesccns<br />
X verrucosa ; Ehrhart's appears to be the oldest name, and is<br />
adopted by Kegel, in his ' Bemerkungen.') Another form grew<br />
with this, and seemed to be near var. carpatica. Prof. Babington<br />
writes of this :— " It is very like hercijnka as figured by Keichenbach<br />
' Icones' XII., 624, a form of carpatica."<br />
''SalLv nigricans Sm. and ^S. lapponum L. Ben-a-chroin (87).<br />
S. Arbiiscula x lappotium. Innis Choarach, Glen Lochay, in two<br />
forms. Attested by Dr. "\Miite, who has found this and other<br />
hybrids in the vicinity, a specially rich one for willows.<br />
Pinus sylvestris L. Certainly native, around Inveroran.<br />
^'Juniperus nana Willd. In good fi'uit, at 2000 feet, near Kingshouse<br />
(98).<br />
Malaxis pahidosa Sw. Ascending to Corrie Ai'dran fi-om Crian-<br />
larich, at about 1400 feet.<br />
Habenaria albida K. Br. Near Inveroran; without personal<br />
authority for 98 in ' Top. Bot.' H. chloroleuca Ridley. Inveroran.<br />
Tujieldia palustris Huds. Xear Kingshouse ; no personal authority<br />
for 98.<br />
Junciis alpinus Vill. MeaU-na-Saone, above 2500 feet.—J. cas-<br />
taneus. Innis Choarach (88), scarce ; Ben-a-chroin (*87). J. biglumis<br />
L. Innis Choarach, sparingly.<br />
Sparf/anium ajfine Schnizl. (teste Beeby). Kingshouse and<br />
Inveroran (*98). Also seen, but not coUected, in Loch Dochart.<br />
Potamoijeton natans L. A small state, in one of the lakelets<br />
near Kingshouse.<br />
Kobresia caricina WiUd., was found sparingly in Innis Choarach,<br />
as well as (in profusion) on Ben Laoigh.<br />
Carex curta Good. Inveroran (98). Queried in ' Top. Bot.'<br />
C. atrata L. Meall Buidhe (98). C. aguatilis Wahl., var. elatior<br />
Bab. Marshy ground, near the head of Loch Dochart. C. magel-<br />
lanica Lam. (C irriijiia Hoppe). Ascending to Corrie Ardran, at<br />
about 1400 feet. C. limosa L. A form (or variety) occm-s in a very<br />
wet sphagnous bog, a little to the north of Lochan Etive, Kingshouse.<br />
Its inflorescence is laxer than usual ; the glumes being<br />
much paler (yehowish-rufous), with an awned mid-rib. Mr. Bennett<br />
writes :— " Here there is an approach to some of the characters of<br />
C. stygia Fr., but the lower bracts are not of that, and the male<br />
spikelet is too slender ; and this is almost like what Dr. \Yhite has<br />
gathered and called ' C. limosa, intermediate between that and<br />
irrigiia.' I think you may call it limosa, f." The only point of<br />
resemblance to irrigua is in the awned glumes. It was much<br />
aflected with "smut."—C. jiava x fulva. Near Loch Tulla,<br />
Inveroran (98).<br />
C.dava x pulla occurs with the parents at about<br />
2800 feet on Ben More, in some quantity ; and was also found<br />
growing with them on Ben Laoigh, whence Mr. Druce originally
NOTES ON HIGHLAND PLANTS. 183<br />
recorded it. The fruit is remarkably inflated ; in general habit<br />
there is a closer approach to jiava than to pulla.— C. chrysitcs Link.<br />
{C. Oederi auct., non. Ehrh.). Near Loch Tulla, Inveroran (-98)<br />
also by the shore of Loch Dochart.<br />
Agrostis alba L.,var. '-''coarctata (Hofifm.) (teste Hackel). Shore<br />
of Loch Dochart. F. J. H. has also gathered this beside Loch<br />
Watten, Caithness. The following description is given by Hoffmann<br />
in his ' Deutschlands Flora,' i. 37:— ''A. coarctata, panic,<br />
contracta, calyc. subrequalibus, corollis brevioribus obtusis hispidulis,<br />
foh augustis. Ehrh. gram. 133 . . . (Panic. 2-3-unciahs<br />
contracta s. erecta e violaceo purpurascens, calyc. valv. subsequales,<br />
exterior dorso hispidula. Fol. angusta fere setacea. Culmus filiformis<br />
basi obhquus. Radix stolonifera. . .)."<br />
A. vulgaris With., \b,t pumila (L.).<br />
house, at about 1000 feet.<br />
Stony roadsides near Kings-<br />
Deschampsia caspitosa Eeauv., var. pallida Koch. Near Kingshouse,<br />
at about 2000 feet; evidently a mere "sport" from the<br />
type, with which it grew.<br />
Holciis mollis Li. ascends to quite 1800 feet at Kingshouse,<br />
about one hundred yards higher than hitherto observed in Britain.<br />
Arena pratensis L., var. longifolia (Parn.) (teste Hackelj. Ben<br />
Laoigh, above 2000 feet.<br />
Fhragmites communis Trin., var. nigricans Greu. and Godr.<br />
Inveroran.<br />
Near<br />
Poa annua L,,<br />
rills, Ben Laoigh.<br />
var. supina (Schrad.) (teste Hackel). Alpine<br />
P. glauca Sm. Am Biuuein and Corrie Ardrau<br />
; Ben-a-chroin (*87). All passed as correct by Prof. Hackel.<br />
(88)<br />
P. Bal/ourii Bab., var. monta7ia Bab. Ben Laoigh, above 2000<br />
feet, in good quantity. Queried as above by Prof. Hackel, and<br />
confirmed by Prof. Babington.<br />
Festuca rubra L., subvar. grandijiora Hackel, forma alpina (ipso<br />
teste). Meall Buidhe (98) ; Am<br />
Binnein (88). A state which<br />
appears to be var. subacsjntosa Sonder, was gathered by E. S. M. on<br />
the Little Culrannoch, Forfarshire, in 1888, and keeps its distinct<br />
habit under cultivation.<br />
Cnjptogramme cri.spa K. Br. Clach Leathad, near Kingshouse<br />
also high up in the great Perthshire corrie of Ben Laoigh. Quite<br />
a scarce Highland species.<br />
Atlujrium alpestre Milde. Mountains near Kingshouse (no<br />
personal authority for 98). Ben Laoigh. Ben-a-chroin.<br />
*E(]uisetum pratense Ehrh. Clilfs of Meall Buidhe, at 2500<br />
feet (98).<br />
*Lycopodium annotinum L. On granite, near Kingshouse, at<br />
2500 feet.<br />
Pilularia globulifera L. Margin of Loch Tulla (98), in pro-<br />
fusion.<br />
Nitella opaca Agardh is abundant in Loch Dochart.<br />
Obs. A Plantago, which occurs in wet places on the limestone,<br />
Ben Laoigh, above 2000 feet, requires further investigation, and<br />
may, probably, be distinct from P. maritima L. It has narrowly<br />
linear leaves, \ — 1:] inches long in our specimens ; heads small and
i84 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
short (^— ^ incli), broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate. In habit it<br />
is not unlike a small plant which we have gathered on limestone in<br />
Upper Teesdale. We collected it too early and in too small<br />
quantity for satisfactory determination.<br />
We have received some determinations of Hieracia from Dr.<br />
Lindeberg since writing this paper, several being forms new to this<br />
country ;<br />
we shall hope to record them before long.<br />
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BEITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 156.)<br />
Rainey, George (fl. 1842-73). Lecturer on Micros. Anatomy,<br />
St. Thomas' Hosi^ital. ' Sap,' 1847. 'Starch-granules,' Quart.<br />
Journ. Micros. Sci. viii. 1860, 1. Pritz. 256; Jacks. 80;<br />
R. S. C. v. 79 ; viii. 689.<br />
Ram, William (fl. 1606).) ? Public Notary of Colchester,Ger. Herb.<br />
278. ' Little Dodeon,' 1606 (epitome of Dodoens' Herbal).<br />
Ramsay, James (1812-1888): b. Kilwinning, Ayrshire, 1812;<br />
d. Glasgow, 10th Sept., 1888. Lect. Bot. Glasgow Mechanics'<br />
Inst., 1867-8. Papers on Scottish Plants in Proc. N. H. S.<br />
Glasgow, 1859-1875. Proc. Nat. Hist. Glasgow, iii. (n. s.) vii.<br />
Rand, Isaac (d. 1743) : d. London, 1743. Apothecary in the<br />
Haymarket. F.R.S. Pr^efectus Horti Chelsiani, 1722 (?)-1739<br />
or 1743. ' Index pi. officin. hort. Chels.,' 1730. ' Hort. Chels.<br />
index compendiarius,' 1739. Helped Elizabeth Blackwell in<br />
'Curious Herbal.' Lists of Chelsea plants in Birch MSS.<br />
PI. in Herb. Mus. Brit. Jacks. 410 ; Journ. Bot. 1863, 32<br />
Rich. CoiT. 125 ; Semple, 41-63. Fl. Midd. 388. Randia L.<br />
Rashleigh, William (fl. 1809). Of Cornwall. Algologist. Correspondent<br />
of Dawson Turner. Turn. Fuci, ii. 43.<br />
Rauthmell, Rev. Richard (fl. 1727-1746) : b. Little Bowland,<br />
West Yorkshire ; bur. Chipping, Lancashire. B.A. Camb.,<br />
1713. Curate of Whitewell, Bowland. Formed a herbarium.<br />
Rich. Corr. <strong>31</strong>4, 355.<br />
Ravenshaw, Rev. Thomas Fitzarthur Torin (1829 9-1882)<br />
b. London, 1829 ? ; d. London, 26th Sept. 1882. M.A. Oxon,<br />
1854. Rector of Pewsey, Wilts, 1857. Contrib. to 'Phytol.,'<br />
1857-9. 'Flowering Plants of Devon,' 1860; ed. 2, 1872.<br />
'Botany of N. Devon' in Stewart's N. Devon Handbook, 1874.<br />
Jacks. 250; R. S. C. v. 110; Journ. Bot. 1882, 352.<br />
Ray, Rev. John (1627-1705) : b. Black Notley, Essex, 29th Nov.<br />
1627 ; d. same place, 17th Jan. 1705 ; bur. Black Notley Churchyard.<br />
M.A. , Carab., 1651. F.R.S. , 1667. ' Catalogus pi. circ.<br />
Cantab.,' 1660. ' Cat. pi. Anglia?,' 1670; ed.2,1677. 'Methodus,'<br />
1682. 'Historia Plautarum,' 1686-1704. 'Synopsis,' 1690;<br />
cd. 2, 1696. European herbarium and letters in Mus. Brit.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 185<br />
Pult. i. 189; Rees; Pritz. 257; Jacks. 596; 'Memorials' by<br />
Lankester, 1846 ;<br />
' Correspoudence,' 1848; Gibson, Fl. Essex,<br />
444; Cott. Gard. v. 221; Journ. Hort. xxi. (1876), 512, with<br />
portr. Portr. and bust, Trin. Coll. Camb. portr. Nat. Portr.<br />
;<br />
Gallery, Kew, &c. Wedgwood medallion. Rajania L.<br />
Rayer, Jacob (d. circ. 1796).<br />
Street. Friend of Smith.<br />
Apothecary? of Bolt Com-t, Fleet<br />
Botanized in home counties. Con-<br />
tributed to Eng. Bot. 1790-6 (tt. 65, 71, &c.).<br />
Rea, John (d. 1681)<br />
: d. Kinlet, near Bewdley, Nov. 1681. Nurseryman.<br />
* Flora, Ceres and Pomona,' 1665 ; ed. 2, 1696.<br />
Introduced Conjltm Colurna, 1665. Pritz. 257 ; Journ. Hort.<br />
1876, 172.<br />
Reade, Rev. Joseph Bancroft (1801-1870) : b. Leeds, 1st April,<br />
1801 ; d. 1870. M.A., Camb., 1828. F.R.S. Microscopist.<br />
One of founders and President, Microscopical Soc. ' Spiral<br />
vessels in roots,' Mag. Zool. Bot. i. (1838), 111. Monthly<br />
Microscopical Journal, v. 92. R. S. C. v. 114; viii. 710.<br />
Reeks, Henry (1838-1882) : b. Standen, Berks, 15th March, 1838;<br />
d. Thruxton, Hants, 20th Feb. 1882. F.L.S., 1866. 'Newfoundland<br />
Plants,' Journ. Bot. 1871, 16. 'Plants of East<br />
Woodhay,' Rep. Newbury Field Club, 1870-1. Jacks. 864;<br />
R. S. C. viii. 714 ; Journ. Bot. 1882, 352 ; Proc. Linn. Soc.<br />
1880-2, 65.<br />
Reeves, John (1774-1856): b. West Ham, 1st May, 1774; d.<br />
Clapham, 22nd March, 1856. F.L.S., 1817. F.R.S., 1817.<br />
Father of the following. Went to China as inspector of tea to<br />
H.E.I.C, 1812-18<strong>31</strong>. Lived at Macao, afterwards at Clapham.<br />
Correspondent of Banks. Sent home Wistaria. Made collection<br />
of drawings of Chinese plants, now in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus.<br />
Gard. Chron. 1856, 212; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1856, xliii. ; Cott.<br />
Gard. xvi. 21 ; R. S. C. v. 127. Reevesia Lindl.<br />
Reeves, John Russell (1804-1877): b. 1804; d. Wimbledon,<br />
Sm-rey, 1st May, 1877. F.R.S. F.L.S., 1832. Lived thirty<br />
years in Canton. Had a herbarium. Journ. Bot. 1877, 192<br />
Gard. Chron. 1877, i. 604.<br />
Reeves, Rev. John William (fl. 1843). M.A., Camb., 1843.<br />
Herbarium, including that of Dean Gamier, in Winchester<br />
Public Library. Fl. Hampshire, xx., xxii.<br />
Reid, Eliza P. (fl. 1826). Of Windsor. ' Historical and Literary<br />
Botany,' 1826. Jacks. 214.<br />
Reid, Francis A. (fl. 1852)., Lieut. Sec. Madras Horticult. Soc.<br />
and Director of its garden.<br />
Reid, Hugo (fl. 1882-1870).<br />
Rcidia Wight.<br />
Of Edmburgh. Lect. Nat. Philosophy,<br />
Liverpool High School. ' Botanical Classification,' 1888.<br />
' Science of Botany,' 1887. Pritz.<br />
Reid, James (il. 1692). Sent plants<br />
260; Jacks. 597; Allibone.<br />
from Barbadoes to Petiver<br />
and Courteu. ' Plants from Barbados by James Reid the<br />
quaker. Sent thither on King William's account, 1692.' Herb.<br />
Sloane, 55. Mus. Pet. no. <strong>31</strong> (R/iccd). Plukenet, Aim. 15.<br />
(Reede).<br />
Relhan, Rev. Richard (1758-1828): b. 1758; d. 1828. M.A.,
186 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Camb., 1779. F.L.S., 1788. F.E.S. ' Flora Cantabrigiensis,<br />
1785-1793, ed. 2, 1802; ed. 3, 1820. 'Heads of Lectures on<br />
Botany,' 1787. Contrib. to E. Bot. Babington, Fl. Cambridge,<br />
X. Bot. Guide, 41, 385 (138, 288, 333) ; Pritz. 260 ; Jacks. 597 ;<br />
Eose ; Allibone. Relhania, L'Herit.<br />
Rennie, Rev. James (d. 1867): d. Australia, 1867. M.A.<br />
Prof. Zool. King's Coll., London. In Australia fr. 1840.<br />
' Magazine of Botany,' 1833-4. ' Alphabet of Botany,' 1833.<br />
• Handbook of Bot.' 1834. ' Familiar Introduction to Botany,'<br />
1849. Jacks. 597 ; Allibone.<br />
Reynardson, Samuel (d. 1721)<br />
Of Cedar<br />
; d. Hillingdon, Middlesex, 1721.<br />
House, Hillingdon, fr. 1678. Had green-houses, a<br />
fine collection, museum and library and " great correspondence<br />
abroad." Collection sold to Robert Walpole. Plukenet,<br />
' Amaltheum,' 63. ' Mantissa,' 51, 147. 'Cat. by Society of<br />
Gardiners', 1730. Loudon, 'Arboretum, 56, 59, 61.<br />
Rhind, William (fl. 1833-1867). M.R.C.S. Lect. Bot. Marischal<br />
Coll., Aberdeen. ' History of Veg. Kingdom,' 1840-1.<br />
' Catechism of Bot.' 1833. Pritz. 262 ; Jacks. 597. no bot.<br />
Rhydderch, Sion, alias Roderick, John (fl. 1737). Printer.<br />
' Of Shrewsbury. Y geir Cyfr Saesneg a Chymraeg,' ' An<br />
English-Welsh Herbal,' 1737. Davies, 'Welsh Botanology,'<br />
p. vii.<br />
Richards, Thomas (fl. 1753-1816). Of Coychurch. 'Welsh<br />
and English Botanology,' in ' Antiquae Linguae Britannicae<br />
Thesaurus,' 1815. Davies' 'Welsh Botanology,' p. vii.<br />
Richardson, David Lester (1800-1865): b. 1800; d. 1865.<br />
Major in Bengal army. In India 1819-1827, 1829-1861.<br />
Professor at Calcutta. Editor from 1861 of Allen's ' Indian<br />
Mail.' ' Flowers and flower-gardens,' 1855. Pritz. 263,<br />
Jacks. 215. Memoir by J. W. Kaye, in ' Calcutta Review,'<br />
vol. xvi ; Allibone.<br />
Richardson, Sir John (1787-1865) : b. Dumfries, 5th Nov., 1787 ;<br />
d. Grasmere, Westmoreland, 5th June, 1865. F.R.S. F.L.S.<br />
M.D., Edin., 1816. Surgeon and NaturaHst in Franklin's 1st<br />
(1819) and 2nd (1825-8) Expeditions ; 3rd Arctic Expedition,<br />
1851 ; made large collections. Knighted, 1846. Plants at<br />
British Museum and Kew. Bot. Misc. i. 70. Proc. Linn. Soc.<br />
1865-6, Ixxxiv. Pritz. 263 ; Jacks. 223 ; E. S. C, v. 188, viii.<br />
744. ' Life,' by Rev. John Mcllraith, 1868. ' Reader,' 1865,<br />
i. 707. Allibone. Heuchera I'dchardsonii Br.<br />
Richardson, Richard (1663-1741) : b. North Bierly, near Bradford,<br />
Yorks., 6th Sept., 1663 ; d. same place, 21st April, 1741<br />
bur. New Chapel Church, nr. deck Heaton. M.B., Oxon.<br />
M.D., Leyden, 1699. F.R.S. , 1712. Found Trichomanes radi-<br />
' cans, in Yorks. Phil. Trans, no. 128, p. 526. De cultu hortorum,'<br />
1699.' Contrib. to Ray's ' Synopsis,' ed. 3. MS.<br />
' Delicia) Hortenses,' 1696, and ' Index Hort. Bierleiensis,'<br />
1737. Pult. ii. 185 ; Pritz. 263 ; Jacks. 4 ; Petiver, Mus. 95 ;<br />
Loud. Gard. Mag. iii. 127 ; Salisb. Gen. 114. ' Correspondence,'<br />
1835, w. portr. Nich. Illust. i. 225, w. portr. viii. 1858; ix.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND HUSH BOTANISTS.<br />
187'<br />
804. Bust on tomb. Plants in Herb. Sloano, 61, 72, 79, 114,<br />
145, 146. llic/uirdia L. ; Richanhonia Kunth.<br />
Richardson, Rev. William (1740-1820): b. Ireland,<br />
Clonfele, Co. Antrim, 1820. D.D. Agriculturist.<br />
1740; d.<br />
Of Moy<br />
and Clonfele, ' Useful Grasses,' Trans. Irisb Acad, xi. 88<br />
(1810). 'Fiorin Grass,' Phil. Mag. 1816, 136. E. S. C.<br />
V. 190 ; Donaldson's Agric. Biogr. 108.<br />
Richardson, Rev. William (d. 1768): b. Ullswater, Cumberland.<br />
Rector of Dacre, Camberl.uiA, 1742. Prepared the flora for<br />
Hutchinson's ' Hist, of Cumberland.' Uaker, Fl. Lake District,<br />
9 ; Bot. Guide, 143.<br />
Richardson, William (1797-1879): b. Hebburn, Northumberland,<br />
<strong>31</strong>st Aug., 1797 ; d. Alnwick, 18th April, 1879. Saddler.<br />
Of Alnwick. Member of Bot. Exchange Club. Discovered<br />
Psamma haltica. Journ. Bot. 1872 21 ; Proc. Berwicksh. Field<br />
Club, ix. 184 ; E. S. C. v. 67 (" W. E., jun.") viii. 744.<br />
Riley, J. (d. 1846) : d. York, 1846. Of Papplewick, near Nottingham.<br />
F.B.S.E. Local Sec. Bot. Soc. Lond. 1843. ' Hybridity<br />
in ferns,' Proc. Bot. Soc. Lond. 60. ' Catalogue of Ferns,<br />
after Sprengel,' 1841. Had a fern herbarium. Phyt. ii. 779 ;<br />
Pritz. 264.<br />
Ritchie, Joseph (d. 1821) : d. Mourzouk, 26tb November, 1821.<br />
African Traveller. Collected near Tripoli, &c., and made notes<br />
and Clapperton's Travels,'<br />
on the plants. Appendix to ' Denham<br />
209 ; Huish, ' Travels of E. and J. Lander.' Ritchiea Br.<br />
Ritson, A. (fl. 1832). ' Spring Flowers,' 1832. Jacks. 38.<br />
Roberts, John (d. before 1843). A.L.S. Miller. Of Norwich,<br />
late of Salisbury. Helped Maton with botany of Salisbury.<br />
Maton, 'Nat. Hist. Wilts,' 10.<br />
Roberts, Miss Mary (1789-1864): b. Painswick ?, Gloucestershire,<br />
1789; d. Brompton, 13th Jan., 1864; bm-. Brompton<br />
Cemetery. ' Wonders of Veg. Kingdom,' 1822. ' Annals of<br />
my Village,' 18<strong>31</strong>. ' Plants and Animals of America,' 1839.<br />
' Voices from the Woodlands,' 1850. Jacks. 245 ; Friends'<br />
Books, ii. 500 ; Allibone.<br />
Robertson, Archibald (fl. 1822). M.D. Of Edinburgh. ' Colloquia<br />
de rebus prtDcipuis physiologite Vegetabilium atque<br />
botanices,' 1822. Pritz. 265.<br />
Robertson, Benjamin (d. 1800). Of Stockwell. Had a bot.<br />
garden at Stockwell. Friend of A. H. Haworth. Haworth,<br />
' Miscellanies,' 190. llubcrtsunia Haw. = Saxi/rmja.<br />
Robertson, John (d. 1865): b. Perthshire; d. Glasgow, 24tli<br />
March, 1865. A. B. S. Ed. 1863. Gardener at Kew and at<br />
Kinfauns Castle. Prepared ' Flora of Perthshire ' (unpublished).<br />
Trans. Bot. Soc. ed. viii. 337 ; E. S. C. v. 230.<br />
Robertson, William (ll. 1814). Of Newcastle. Friend of Alder<br />
and Hancock. " A very accurate investigator of lichens."<br />
E. Bot. 2602.<br />
Robinson, Anthony (d. before 1814j. Surgeon. Of Sunderland.<br />
Went to Jamaica. MSS. much used by Lunan in ' Ilortus<br />
Jamaicensib ' (see 'Notice to subscribers' and i. 273).
188 sdoE5: Nol^s.<br />
Robinsor, James Frodsham (1838-1884): b. nr. Netherton,<br />
Frodsham, 16tli July, 1838; d. Frodsham, 4th Nov., 1884.<br />
Druggist. Went to Montpellier to collect for Mr. George Maw,<br />
circ. 1868, and then to Norway. Curator, Museum of Owen's<br />
College, Manchester, circ. 1879-1882. Sent lists of Carnarvon,<br />
Flint, and Anglesea plants to Top. Bot., none of which are to<br />
be accepted as accurate. Top. Bot. 554, ed. 1., 618, ed. 2;<br />
R. S. C. V. 238, viii. 764.<br />
Robinson, Sir Tancred (d. 1748) : d. 29th March, 1748. M.B.,<br />
Camb. 1679. M.D., 1685. F.R.S., 1684. F.R.C.P., 1687.<br />
Friend of Ray. Physician m ordinary to George I. Knighted,<br />
1714 ?. Studied, w. Sloane, under Tournefort. ' Tubera terrse,'<br />
Pult. ii. 118; Phil. Trans. 1693. " Vir de re herbaria optime<br />
meritus." Plukenet, ' Almagestum ;<br />
' Ray, Mem. 10 ; Munk,<br />
i. 469.<br />
Robinson, Rev. Thomas (d. 1719) : Rector of Ousby, Cumberland,<br />
1672-1719. Correspondent of Ray. ' Natural History of<br />
Westmoreland and Cumberland,' 1709. Pult. i. 354.<br />
Robinson, Mrs. (d. 1847). Of Fareham, Hants. Friend of Rev.<br />
G. E. Smith. Discovered Statice bahusiensis, 1840. Herb, bequeathed<br />
to Brit. Mus.<br />
Robley, Augusta J, (fl. 1845) : Drew plates for ' Madeira Flowers.'<br />
1845. Pritz. 265 ; Jacks. 353.<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
SHORT NOTES.<br />
Lepidium Draba L., in Wales.—This plant has not yet, so far<br />
as I can trace, been recorded from Wales or any portion of the west<br />
coast. It has, however, been known by Miss E. Foulkes- Jones,<br />
resident at Aberayron in Cardiganshire, to have been established<br />
for several years at least, on various banks forming field divisions,<br />
between that town and the sea. I received specimens from her in<br />
1888, and again during the present month (May). In the Record<br />
Club ' Report ' for 1884-6 the editor remarked that the species had<br />
become widely spread, but that the recognition accorded to it in<br />
Prof. Babington's ' Manual ' fell far short of the facts. The statement<br />
in the ' Manual' (ed. viii.) is simply,— " established in many<br />
places, but not naturalised." In Hooker's ' Student's Manual<br />
(ed. iii.), the plant is described as ''rare and sporadic: (an alien,<br />
Watson)." The R. C. reports have made known instances of its<br />
occurrence in many counties. In Kent I have myself traced it<br />
along the coast from White Haven to Ramsgate, and inland to<br />
Minster,—usually in plenty. At Margate it occurs in tens of<br />
thousands, and along the cli£f-edge and in all waste places it, in<br />
June, forms the most marked feature of the vegetation. It springs<br />
up in quantities as a weed in the gardens. In 1888, at any rate, its<br />
seed rij)ened there abundantly.—W. Whitwell.<br />
Lepidium ruderale L., in Carnarvonshire,—In ' Top. Bot.,'<br />
ed.ii., this is marked for county 49 " (J. E. Griffith)," indicating non-
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 189<br />
indigenity. What locality that record refers to I do not know. Miss<br />
Foulkes-Jones has sent me a plant gatliered by herself in 1874, on<br />
a wall at Gloddaeth, near Llandudno,—seemingly not a likely<br />
place for the species to occur as an introduction,—W. Whitwell.<br />
Chara fraciIlis Desv., in Denbighshire.—I gathered this species<br />
in 1875, from a small pond below a structure then known as<br />
" Whalley's Folly," on a moorland height between Trevor and<br />
Llangollen. On the appearance of the article by Messrs. Groves in<br />
the ' Journal of Botany ' for last March, with its remark that Denbighshire<br />
had no Chara record hitherto, I forwarded the specimens<br />
to those gentlemen, and they kindly informed me that the form<br />
was one approaching to barbata.—W. Whitwell,<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
The Flowerimj Plant : as Illustratimj the First Principles of Botany.<br />
By I. R. AiNswoRTH DA\as, 13. A. Loudon : Griffin. 8vo,<br />
pp. X. 181 ; 61 cuts.<br />
Mb. DA\as has already proved in his ' Introduction to Biology '<br />
that he is a very capable biologist, as fully abreast of modern discovery,<br />
both in Zoology and Botany, as it is possible for one ordinary<br />
man to be in so wide a field of science, and that he is gifted<br />
with the power of imparting his knowledge in a clear and concise<br />
manner. In judging the value of the present much more elementary<br />
work, we have chiefly to consider how far he has succeeded in<br />
suiting his book to the precise needs of the class of students for<br />
which he intends it. Strangely enough, there is some difficulty in<br />
ascertaining who are those for whom the volume is designed. It deals<br />
with " first principles," and it is stated in the preface that "no previous<br />
knowledge [of Botany, I suppose is meant] , is assumed " on the<br />
part of the reader. Candidly I do not think that Mr. Davis's volume<br />
is well adapted to those who have no previous knowledge whatever<br />
of things relating to Botany. For absolute beginners the best<br />
type of book is undoubtedly the famous ' Lessons ' in which Prof.<br />
Oliver has adapted the material provided by the late Professor<br />
Henslow. The very first sentence of that manual, "Gather,<br />
first of all, a specimen of the Common Buttercup," is a perfect<br />
example of the way a book should begin which is intended to make<br />
a science interesting to those who know nothing about it. And<br />
this gradual leading on from the known to the unknown is well<br />
maintained by Prof. OHver. After a dozen pages the pupil is still<br />
dealing in a very simple but thorough fashion with his " Common<br />
Buttercup," and yet has already become acquainted with some of the<br />
leading truths of J3otany, without encountering a single long word<br />
or a single complicated statement. Mr. Davis' method is entirely<br />
different; without any pretence of choosing a pleasant or easy patli<br />
be boldly plunges in medias res.<br />
In the first dozen lines tlie beginner, who is entirely without<br />
knowledge, has to master the terms Morphology, Histology, and
190 NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
Physiology. Atoms and Molecules, Analogues and Homologues,<br />
Esosmosis and Endosmosis, Geotropisni and Hydrotropism follow<br />
in quick succession. In the first few pages we get to Katabolism,<br />
though the neophyte is mercifully spared Anabolism. Diabolism,<br />
to which an acute medical student recently assigned much importance<br />
in matters botanic, has, I believe, not yet crept into any textbook.<br />
The investigations we have pursued seem to lead to the conclusion<br />
that the book is not intended for those who are quite beginners;<br />
though the scientific accuracy of statement and the concise exposition<br />
of sound principles make it valuable for educational purposes.<br />
The assertion in the preface that no attempt has been made to<br />
•' write up" (or "down") "to any syllabus," seems distinctly opposed<br />
to the statement on the title-page that it is " especially adapted for<br />
London Matriculation, South Kensington, and University Local<br />
Examinations." Whether, however, the adaptation was designed<br />
or is only accidental, it doubtless exists ; and indeed it would<br />
be very hard to find a text-book which, studied after some easy<br />
introductory work such as Oliver's, would better guide the student<br />
to an accurate knowledge of those modern discoveries in the science<br />
of Botany, an acquaintance with which is not only desirable for its<br />
own sake, but extremely likely to "pay" at botanical examinations.<br />
The chapter on the " Physiology of Flowers" is the best in the<br />
book. An admirable resume is given, drawn from Darwin, Hermann<br />
Mliller, Kerner, and Lubbock, of what is known of the fertilization<br />
of flowers. Pollination is carefully distinguished from fertilization,<br />
and one does not find the absurdly exaggerated estimate of the<br />
benefits of cross-fertihzation which is so common in popular works<br />
on the subject. An appendix on Practical Work, and another containing<br />
a number of Examination Questions which have been set at<br />
the London University or South Kensington add much to the<br />
value of the book.<br />
One has so frequently to complain of the absence or inadequacy<br />
of an index, that it is strange to meet with a book which is<br />
distinctly over-indexed. The number of subjects referred to is<br />
enormous, and some of them seem to be but remotely connected<br />
with Botany. Under the letter C, for example, besides a very long<br />
list of botanical terms, we find references to Cats, Cattle, Crams,<br />
and Cleanliness ! Indeed some parts of the index are so full that<br />
they seem to have been drawn up on the model of Cruden's<br />
' Concordance.' A short sentence, for instance, which tells that<br />
certain leaves have their edges directed north and south, may be<br />
found both under "North" and "South," as well as under six<br />
other entries. Single words given in an index often lead one<br />
on quite a wrong track. ' Browning,' standing thus in naked<br />
simplicity, tempts us to expect a refreshing rill of poetry amid an<br />
arid desert of scientific terminology ; and it is somewhat disappointing<br />
to find, when we turn up the passage, that the information<br />
given is that a certain instrument-maker's shop is in the Strand,<br />
and in the S.W. postal division,—a statement which may be new,<br />
but is certainly not true. But it would be a very hypercritical
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. 191<br />
reviewer who would grumble much at little matters like this, which,<br />
indeed, detract very slightly from the merits of Mr. Davis's useful<br />
volume. Percy W. Myles.<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
of<br />
Annals of Botany (May). — G. F. Atkinson, ' Monograph<br />
Lemaneace(B of United States' (3 plates).— J. Wilson, ' Mucilageaud<br />
other Glands of Plumbaf/inea; '<br />
(4 plates). — G. F. Scott-Elliot,<br />
'Fertilisation of J\Jusa, Strelitzia, and B.avennla'' (1 plate). — Id.,<br />
' Oruithophilous Flowers in S. Africa ' (1 plate).—A Lister, ' Chon-<br />
driodenna difforme and other Mycetozoa '<br />
(1 plate).<br />
Bat. Cmtralhlatt (Nos. 18, 19). — R. Keller, ' Beitrage zur<br />
schweizerischen Phanerogamenflora.'—0. Bockeler, C'arex Christii,<br />
n. sp. . Hartig, ' Tnimetes radiciperda.'—B. Sernander, ' Ueber<br />
Pflanzenreste in den marinen Ablageruugen Skandinaviens.'— (Nos.<br />
20, 21). E. Biinger, ' Beitrage zur Anatomie der Laubmooskapsel.'<br />
' Ueber die Warnstorf'sche AcutifoliumgvvLT^Tge der<br />
— J. EoU,<br />
europaischen Torfmoose.'<br />
Botayiical Gazette (April 19). — C. Robertson, 'Flowers and<br />
Insects.' — A. P. Morgan, ' Mycological Observations.' — J. M.<br />
Coulter & W. H. Evans, 'Revision of N. American CornacecB.'—<br />
A. H. Hitchcock, ' Glandular pubescence in Aster patens.'<br />
Botaniska Notiser (hiift. 3).—H. W. Arnell, ' Om nagra Junyermannia<br />
ventricosa Dicks, narstuende lefvermossarter.'—J. Lindvall,<br />
' Om nagra euskilda herbarier i norden 1772.' — R. Jungner, ' Ett<br />
fall af fasciation hos Berhens vidyaris.'—K. Starbiick, ' Mygologiska<br />
notiser.' — A. G. Kellgren, ' Studier ofver Ombergsflorans papilio-<br />
naceer.' — J. A. 0. Skarman, ' Salix hastata x repens nov. hybr.'<br />
R. Sernander, ' Nagra bidrag till den norrlandska kalktuflf-floran.'<br />
—A. N. Lundstrom, ' Slutord i fragan om de reguuppfangande<br />
vilxterna.'<br />
Bidl. Torrey Bot. Club (May). — D. H. Campbell, ' Studies in<br />
Cell-division ' (2 plates). — N. L. Britton, ' The<br />
—D. C. Eaton, Buxbaumia indusiata.<br />
naming of Forms.'<br />
Gardeners' Chronicle (May 3). — J. Macfarlane, 'Microscopic<br />
Structure of Hybrids.' Zyyopetahim caidescens Rolfe, n. sp.— (May<br />
10). Calanthe rubens Ridley, n. sp. — W. G. Smith, ' Truflflcs, true<br />
and false ' (figs. 97, 98).—(May 24). Tnlipa citiatnla Baker, n. sp.<br />
— Bambnsa palmata Hort. (fig. 106). — H. T. Soppitt, /Evidium<br />
Cunvallarm.<br />
Journal de Botanique (April 1). — C. Sauvagcau, ' Structure des<br />
feuillcs des plantes aquatiqucs.' — B. Balausa, ' Graminees de<br />
rindo- Chine.'<br />
Journ. linn. Soc. (Botany, xxvii. 182). — G. Massee, 'Monograph<br />
of 'Thelephorete' (3 plates).<br />
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschri/t (May). — M. Willkomm, ' Ncue und<br />
kritische Pflanzen dor Spanisch-portugicsischen und balearischeu
192 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
Flora' {Desmazeria balearica, D. triticea, spp. nn.l. — G. v. Lagerheim,<br />
Puccinta Bdumleri, n, sp.—K. Bauer, ' Untersuohungen iiber<br />
gerbstofffiihrende Pflanzen.' — J. Breidler, ' Zur Moosflora der<br />
Bukowina und Siebenbiirgens.' — J. Dorfler, 'Zur Geiasskryptogamenflora<br />
der Bukowina.'<br />
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
May 1, 1890.—Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., Vice-President in the<br />
chair. The Eev. J. Tait Scott was admitted, and Messrs. J. H.<br />
Garrett and John Young, were elected Fellows ; Dr. E. von Eegel,<br />
of St. Petersburg, and Mr. Sereno Watson, of Harvard University,<br />
Cambridge, Mass., being elected Foreign Members.—Mr. Miller<br />
Christy exliibited and made remarks on specimens of the so-called<br />
Bardfield Oxlip, which he had found growing abundantly not only<br />
in the neighbourhood of Bardfield, Essex, but over a considerable<br />
area to the N. and W. of it.—Mr. Sherring exhibited a series of<br />
excellent photographs which he had taken near Falmouth, which<br />
showed the effects of climatic influence on the growth of several<br />
subtropical and rare plants cultivated in the open air.<br />
OBITUARY.<br />
Joshua Clarke, F.L.S., who died at Saffron Walden in February<br />
last, was born April 10th, 1805, at that place, and always resided<br />
there. From early life he devoted a great part of his time to the<br />
study of Natural History, and was one of the promoters of the<br />
Saffron Walden Museum, which was one of the best local museums<br />
in the country half a century ago. Joshua Clarke was particularly<br />
attached to British botany, and especially to local botany. He<br />
recorded two new British denizens, viz., Lathyrus tuberosus Linn.,<br />
and Erucastrum Pollichii Schimp. et Spenn., both of which he first<br />
noticed in Essex. He also wrote on the injury caused to barley by<br />
Rhinanthiis Crista-Galli, Linn. His great contributions to science<br />
were, however, not his published writings, but his continuous efforts<br />
to promote the study of the Natural Sciences, especially Botany. He<br />
gave considerable time to the instruction of young men, and to<br />
encouraging them as collectors. His acquaintance with the local<br />
flora and his assistance are fully acknowledged in the preface to the<br />
'Flora of Essex,' by his friend George S. Gibson. Joshua Clarke<br />
cultivated many of the rarer and more beautiful indigenous plants<br />
of Britain; and could often show a visitor the "Spider" or the<br />
" Fly" in his garden, though these Orchises rarely lasted a second<br />
season in captivity. He was ten years Mayor of Saffron Walden,<br />
and was always ready to encourage visits to his town by scientific<br />
societies and public lecturers. He was elected a Fellow of the<br />
Linnean Society in 1853.
198<br />
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA.<br />
By Frederic N. Williams, F.L.S.<br />
Plants referable to the genus Tunica are mentioned in very<br />
early botanical works. The earliest record I can trace is in the<br />
* Castigationes Plinianse ' by Ermalao Barbaro, a Venetian diplo-<br />
matist, logician and critic ; a work published in 1492, the year before<br />
his death. He there speaks of a plant with a " florem garyophyllum,"<br />
which is so distinct from other plants of the group that<br />
it has been classed by some herbalists among the Saxifrages. This<br />
doubtless refers to Tunica saxifrcuja. This is probably the species<br />
figured on p, 402 in the Kraiiter-Buch of Adam Lonicer (1528<br />
1586j, and included among the *' lierbje tunicre." The earliest<br />
authenticated specimen is one labelled "OsteocoUon hjemoroidalis "<br />
by Aldrovandi (1522—1G05), which is preserved in the herbarium<br />
of the University of Bologna. On p. 1191 of the ' Hist. Gen. Plan-<br />
' tarum of Dalechamps (1513— 1588) is a plant described as Tunica<br />
unniwa, which is the earliest instance in tlie history of the genus of<br />
a connominate pseudo-Linnean expression ; and this plant can be<br />
identified with the species now known as Tunica riijida. The next<br />
reference to Tunica saxifraga is by Pona (1595), who speaks of it as<br />
" sassafragia di Paolo et di Dioscoride." It is figured by Jean<br />
Bauhin and also by Barrelier, and referred to<br />
as " saxifragia antiquorum."<br />
by Ambrosini (1057)<br />
The genus Dimithus was founded by LinnfBus in 1737, and in<br />
1742 Haller revived the name of Tunica for plants included in the<br />
Linnean genus. In the ' Species Plantarum ' (1753), Linnreus<br />
ignored Haller's revived name, though the latter as referring to the<br />
form of the calyx is preferable as a morphological expression to<br />
Linnaeus' fancy name. Adanson, however, retained Haller's name.<br />
Scopoli, in the second edition (1772) of his 'Flora Carniolica<br />
placed the same species under Tunica which in the first edition<br />
(17G0) he had placed under<br />
genus :— " Calyx coriaceus,<br />
Diantkus ; and further, defined the<br />
monophyllus, squamis adprcssis ad<br />
basin vallatis. Petala 5. Capsula coriacea, unilocularis, quadrivalvis,<br />
polysperma." This may apply equally well to both. In<br />
subsequent works the species were arbitrarily grouped either in<br />
JHanthus or Tunica : a few new ones were included in (Ti/psophila.<br />
It was not until 183G that Koch constituted Tunica a separate genus,<br />
distinct from Diantkus (' Syn. Fl. Germanics et Hclvcticjc,' p. 93).<br />
lie says, "hoc genus dift'ert a Gypsophila squamis et seminibus<br />
Dianthi, a Diantho petalis Gypsophihc sensim attenuatis et faucem<br />
lion claudentibus." Fcnzl proposed to inchidc the genus in<br />
Diantkus again (1842). Ijenthain aiul Hooker (18(t2) reckon about<br />
10 species; Boissier, in the ' Flora Oricntalis ' (18G7), enumerat«s<br />
20, of which 4 species have been restored to Dianiltus. In this<br />
synopsis 27 .species arc described; and references to puhli.shed<br />
figures are given for 13 species.<br />
The name of the genus probably has reference to the form of the<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [.Irr-v, 1890.] u
194 SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA.<br />
calyx, though Pirolle, a French horticulturist, derives it from<br />
•• Tunis."<br />
The description of the genus is so far amended as to include all<br />
the forms, as given here.<br />
TUNICA.<br />
Calyx campanulatus turbinatus obconicus clavatus vel tubulosus<br />
; 5-dentatus, 5-vel 15-nervius vittis commisuralibus late<br />
membranaceis enerviis rarius sequaliter 30-vel 35-nervius; basi<br />
bracteolis per paria hnbricatis cinctus, vel nudus. Petala 5, basin<br />
versus sensim cuneato-attenuata, ungue elongato, lamina Integra<br />
retusa vel bifida ecoronata. Torus parvus. Stamina 10. Ovarimn<br />
uniloculare : styli 2. Capsula ovoidea vel oblonga polysperma,<br />
apice dentibus valvisve 4 dehiscens. Semina orbiculata vel dis-<br />
coidea, hinc convexiuscula illinc concava, ad medium faciei in-<br />
terioris umbilicata, alata vel aptera : embryo rectus, excentricus.<br />
Herbfe, sfepius graciles rigidulae at parviflorse. Folia angusta.<br />
Flores solitarii laxe cymosi fasciculati vel capitati.<br />
Sectio I. DiANTHELLA.— Flores solitarii basi involucrati. Calyx<br />
tubulosus 30- V. 35-nervius, dentibus acuminatis. Annua.<br />
1. T. PAMPHYLicA Boiss. et Bal. ; Diagn. PI. Nov. Or. ser. ii. 6,<br />
p. 27.—Glabra, 16 centim. Caules filiformes a basi dichotome<br />
ramosissimi. Folia anguste linearia subulato-attenuata trinervia.<br />
Pedicelli calyce 1-2-plo longiores. Bractefe 8-12 decussatfe oblongfe<br />
acutfe multistriat?e, calyce triple breviores. Calyx rubrostriatus<br />
dentibus lanceolatis. Lamina pallide rosea oblongospathulata<br />
obtusa.<br />
Sectio II. TuNicASTEUM. — Flores solitarii basi bracteolis imbri-<br />
catis involucrati. Calyx 5-v. 15-nervius, dentibus obtusis.<br />
Subsectio 1. — Species monotocse. Folia adpressa. Bracteae<br />
acutae, nervo herbaceo. Petala integra.<br />
2. T. Peronini Boiss. ; Fl. Orient. Suppl. p. 81.— Minute pubescens,<br />
25 centim. Caules numerosi erecti a basi dichotome ramosi<br />
teretes. Folia lineari-lanceolata subulato-attenuata trinervia. Pedicelli<br />
calycem squantes. Bracteae 6 lanceolatse, trinervise, calycem<br />
jequantes. Calyx 15-nervius oblongo- campanulatus dentibus oblongo-lanceolatis.<br />
Lamina albida linearis. Annua.<br />
3. T. sYRiACA Boiss. ; Diagn. PI. Nov. Or. ser. i.8, p. 63.—Glabra<br />
basi suffrutescens, 20 centim. Caules numerosi filifoi-mes rigidi<br />
subsimplices uniflori. Folia anguste linearia acuta iminervia<br />
margine scabrida. Bractens 8-10 anguste lanceolate uninerviffi<br />
calyci subrequilongaj. Calyx 5-nervius oblongo-campanulatus dentibus<br />
oblongis. Lamina pallide rosea linearis. Biennis.<br />
4. T. ARENicoLA Duf. ; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vii. p. 240<br />
Barrelier, ic. 997.—Glabra basi suffrutescens, 20 centim. Caules<br />
numerosi filiformes strict! ramosi. Folia lineari-subulata acuta<br />
margine scabra. Bracteae 4 ovatae uninervifE. Calyx 15-nervius<br />
tubuloso-campanulatus. Lamina ovata supra albida subtus incaruata<br />
basi obsolete trilineata.
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA, 195<br />
SubsGctio 2.— Species polytocrc. Folia angustc lincaria acuta<br />
uniiiervia margine scabra. Bractese mucronatiu omniuo scariosio.<br />
Petala emarginata v. retusa.<br />
5. T. Gasparrini Guss. ; Fl. Sicul^ Syii. 1, p. 474.— Glabra<br />
cfespitosa. Caules 4-7 centim., ascendentes teretes. Folia<br />
patentia. Bracteffi 4-G oblongae. Calyx turbinatus 5-nervius.<br />
Lamina pallidissime colorata emarginata.<br />
G. T. SAxiFRAGA Scop. ; L. Sp. Plantarum, ed. i. p. 413 (Dinnthcs<br />
saxifraqus) ; Sibth. Fl. Grroca, iv. tab. 382 {GypsophUarinlda) ;<br />
Echb. Ic. Flor. Germ. 5006; Jord. et Fourr., Brev. PI. Nov. tab.<br />
44, 45 (varr.).—Glabra aut scabra, 16 centim. Caules numerosi<br />
graciles ascendentes vel a basi diffusi paniculati, teretes. Folia adpressa,<br />
Bracteas 4 oblongo-lanceolatae carinatte scariosa; calyce<br />
breviores. Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus 15-nervius nervis lateralibus<br />
obscurioribus dentibus triangulari-ovatis. Lamina albida<br />
V. ssepius rosea obcordato-cuneata retusa v. erosa linois saturatioribus<br />
purpurascentibus picta.<br />
Var. cirpWacea Ser, ; DeCandolle, Prod. i. p. 354.<br />
Var. hispidnhf Ser. ,, ,,<br />
Var. sccibra Scliult. ; Oestr. Fl.<br />
Var. aspenda Duf. (herb. Cosson),<br />
Var. hicolor Jord. et Fourr. ; Brev. PI. Nov. p. 10 (1866).<br />
Var. erecta Jord. et Fourr. ; Brev. PI. Nov. p. 10 (1860).<br />
Var. xerophibi Jord. et Fourr; Brev. PI. Nov. p. 10 (1866).<br />
This is the plant figured and described by Jean Bauhin (Hist.<br />
Univ. Plant. 3, p. 337, f. 2) as " Betonica coronaria " ; and by<br />
Barrelier (Plant. Obs. Ic. tab. 998) as "Lychnis pumila caryophyllata<br />
flore rubello." Described also by Pona (1595), and by<br />
Cupani (1696). By Linnaeus it was included in Diunthus, and by<br />
DeCandolle in Gi/jisojihila.<br />
Sectio in. EuTUNicA.—Flores fasciculati v. capitati. Capitulura<br />
basi phyllis scariosis involucratum. Calyx 5 -v. 15-ncrvius.<br />
Polytocffi.<br />
Subsectio 1. — Folia uninervia adpressa. Involucri phylla<br />
tenuiter uninervia. Calyx 5-nervius. Petala retusa v. Integra.<br />
7. T. DiANTHoiDKs Boiss. ; Sibth. Flora Gncca, iv. p. 76, tab. 383.<br />
(Giips()/)/iilyi.)—Glabra basi suffruticosa multicaulis, 18-27 centim.<br />
Caules graciles ascendentes stricte ramosi. Folia subulata acuta<br />
margine la^via. Fasciculi 3-5-flori. Involucri phylhi lanceolata<br />
acuta calyce subbrcviora. Calyx turbinatus dentibus ovato-lanceolatis<br />
acutis. Lamina alba sanguineo-venosa oblongo-spathulata<br />
obtusa.<br />
8. T. THKssALA Boiss. ; Diag. PI. Nov. Or. ser. i.8, p. 63.—Glabra<br />
basi sufl'ruticosa multicaulis, 21-28 centim. Caules tcnues rigidi<br />
juncci simplices v. superno stricte ramosi et angulati. Folia<br />
anguste linearis acuta margine serrulata snrculorum fasciculata.<br />
Capitula densa 5-10-IIora. Involucri pliylla ovata inticronata<br />
calyccm a;quantia. (!alyx turbinatus dentibus oblongo-liuearibua<br />
obtusis. Lamina albida lineari-lanccolata obtusa.<br />
o2
196 ' SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA.<br />
9. T. FAscicuLATA Boiss. ; Marg. et Rent. Mem. Soc. Ph3-sic.<br />
Genev. viii. p. 281, tab. i. [Oi/pso/ihilii). — Parce glanduloso-hirta<br />
Lasi suffruticosa multicaulis, 20-25 centim. Caules filiformes<br />
erecti ramosi inferne foliosi. Folia 4-7 mm. lineari-subulata ob-<br />
tu.siuscula mai'gine hevia. Flores fasciculato-capitati. Pedicelli<br />
calyce breviores. Involucri phylla liuearia ubtusa calyce duplo<br />
breviora. Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus, deutibus oblongis obtusis.<br />
Lamina alba lineari-cuneata retusa.<br />
Subsectio 2. — Folia uniuervia adpressa. Involucri phylla<br />
valide carinata. Petala obtusa Integra. Calyx 15-nervius.<br />
10. T. Orphanidesiana Clem.; Sert. Orient, p. 17, tab. 5.<br />
Glabra basi suffrutescens, 24 centim. Caules numerosi tenues<br />
strict! simplices juucei angulati superne parce ramosi. Folia<br />
inferiora subfasciculata obtusa superiora linearia acuta, margine<br />
serrulato-aculeata. Capitula 5-10-densiflora. Involucri phylla<br />
ovata mucronulata calycem sequantia. Calyx turbinatus dentibus<br />
oblongo-lanceolatis obtusis. Lamina purpurascens linearilanceolata.<br />
11. T. macra Boiss. et Haussk. ; Fl. Orient. Sappl. p. 81. —<br />
Glanduloso-puberula, 35 centim. Caules erecti dichotome ramosi.<br />
Folia inferiora lineari-oblouga, superiora subulata. Fasciculi<br />
2-4-flori. Involucri phylla triangulari-lanceolata acuta calyce<br />
breviora. Calyx tubulosus dentibus oblongis obtusis, uervis lateralibus<br />
obscurioribus. Lamina alba linearis.<br />
12. T. gracilis mihi in Herb. Kew.— Glauca asperula, 38 centim.<br />
Caules graciles stricti tenues ascendentes, sparsim foliati, superne<br />
l)lusminus dichotome ramosi. Folia 2-3 mm., minuta anguste<br />
linearia acuminata margine Itevia, infimis latioribus. Fasciculi<br />
3-5-flori. Involucri j)hylla 4-(i ovata acuminata calyce triple<br />
breviora. Calyx hispidus clavatus dentibus ovato-lauceolatis acutis.<br />
Lamina alba oblongo-spathulata.<br />
Collected by Prof. Haussknecht in 18G7, on rocks of Mt. Lhahu<br />
in Kurdistan. Similar to the preceding, but of a glaucous and<br />
more graceful habit ; and differs further in its very small leaves,<br />
broader bracts and fuller calyx.<br />
13. T. RiGiDA Boiss.; L. Sp. Plantarum, ed. 1, p. 408 {GyjisnpJiil(i).<br />
— Puberula pumila. Caules 18-15 centim. ascendentes<br />
corymbose paniculati teretes. Folia subulata acuta margine scabrida.<br />
Flores 2-5-fasciculati. Involucri phylla ovato-oblonga<br />
mucronulata calyce subbreviora. Calyx obconicus dentibus ovatis<br />
obtusis. Lamina albida oblongo-spathulata supra lineata.<br />
This is the veritable 'Tunica minima of Dalechamps (1513<br />
1588), described on p. 1191 of his ' Historia,' published the year<br />
before his death. Licluded by Linmeus in (Ti/psophila. The<br />
Gypsop/dla riyida figured in the ' Fl. Grajca,' tab. 382, is T. saxifroija.<br />
The Tunica of llupp, in ' Fl. Jenensis,' p. 105 (1718) includes only<br />
species now included in Dianthus.<br />
Bectio IV. Gypsophiloides.—Flores solitarii basi nudi. Calyx<br />
touniter 5-v. 15-norvius. l'f)lvt,oc;('.
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA. 197<br />
Subsectio 1.—Calyx 15-nervius campaunlatus v. turbinatus.<br />
14. T. GRAMixEA Boiss. ; Smith, Prodr. Fl. Grajcas 1, p. 279<br />
{Gijpsnphila).— Hirtula cfBspitosa. Caules 18-30 ceiitim., nnmerosi<br />
Hsceiidentes stricti paniculati pauciflori. Folia setaceo-triquetra,<br />
incurva uninervia surculorum fasciculata margine scabrida. Pedicelli<br />
viscido-hispiduli cal^'ce l-B-plo longiores. Calyx hispidus<br />
campaunlatus deutibus rotundatis obtusis. Lamina rosea obcordata.<br />
15. T. PHTHiOTicA Boiss. et Hldr. ; Fl. Orient. Suppl. p. 82.<br />
Glabra pumila. Caules ascendentes foliosi dicliotome ramosi.<br />
Folia anguste linearia acuta uninervia incurva. Pedicelli calyce<br />
duplo longiores. Calyx obconicus deutibus triangularibus acutis.<br />
Laniiua rosea oblongo-spathulata obtusa.<br />
16. T. cRETicA Fiscb. et Mey. ; Bibth. Fl. Grjeca, iv. p. 70, tab.<br />
384 (Gi/psophil/i).—Viscido-pubescens cfespitosa. Caules ascendentes<br />
tenues parce et dichotome ramosi. Folia linearilanccolata<br />
acuta trinervia adpressa margine Itevia. Pedicelli longi. Calyx<br />
cainpanulatus dentibus triangularibus acuminatis. Lamina alba<br />
subtus rubro-lineata oblonga retusa.<br />
lleferred to by Cupani in bis ' Hortus Catholicus ' (1G9G), as<br />
•' Caryopliyllus gramineus saxatilis, flosculis in umbellam candidis."<br />
Linnaeus' description of Hajiunaria crvtua is too incomplete<br />
to identify it with this spucies. The plant was transferred to this<br />
genus by Fischer and Meyer in 1837.<br />
17. T. Haynaldiana Janka ; PL Exsiccat. ex Itin. Banat. (1870).<br />
Puberula 28 centim. Caules numerosi rigidi dichotome ramosi.<br />
Folia anguste linearia acuminata patentia trinervia margine scabra,<br />
15-27 mm. Pedicelli calycem a?quantes. Calyx hirsutus augusto<br />
turbinatus dentibus triangulari-ovatis. Lamina albida ovata<br />
Integra.<br />
18. T. SiBTHORpn Boiss ; Diagn. PI. Nov. Or. ser. i. 8, p. Gl ; Fl.<br />
(rraeca, iv. tab. 38G [Giipsophila Uhjriva). — Viscido-pubescens.<br />
Caules numerosi foliosi erecti rigidi inferne teretes simplices<br />
supcrne angulati in paniculam brevem confertam abeuntes. Folia<br />
anguste linearia acuta adpressa trinervia margine scabra. Pedicelli<br />
calyce breviores. Calyx oblongo-conicus dentibus oblongoovatis<br />
acuminatis. Lamina alba oblonga Integra basi saepe purpureo-puuctata.<br />
19. T. armerioides ; Ser. in DC. Prodr. 1, p. 353 {(jupsophUn).<br />
— Cajspitosa viscido-pubescens. Caules numerosi erecti rigidi dichotome<br />
paniculati. Folia linearia obtusa adpressa. Calyx turbinatus<br />
dentibus triangularibus acutis. Lamina spathulata Integra.<br />
Subsectio 2.—Calyx 5-nervius, tubulosus.<br />
20. T. ocnuoLKucA Fisch. et Mey. ; Sibth. Fl. Giwca, iv. p. 77,<br />
tab. 385 (Gi/ps'>]ihila).—Glabra glauca multicaulis. Caules 21-27<br />
centim., Unearia acuminata patentia trinervia margine scabrida.<br />
Calyx dentibus triangularibus acuminatis. Lamina spathulatohnearis<br />
Integra pallide ochruleuca basi purpureo-ocellata.<br />
21. T. coMi'UKssA Fisch. et Mey. ; Desf. Fl. Atlantica, 1, p. 343,<br />
tab. 97 {(Jiipsupldln).— Viscido-pubescens basi sufl'ruticosa. Caules<br />
21-27 centim., erecti tenues supornc compressi inferno teretes,
198 SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA.<br />
paniculatim ramosi. Folia 22-25 mm., linear! -lanceolata acuminata<br />
adi^ressa trinervia margine scabrida. Calyx dentibus ovatis<br />
acutis. Lamina oblonga integra superne alba subtus liiieis viola-<br />
ceis picta.<br />
Sectio V. Pleurotunica. — Flores solitarii basi nudi. Calyx<br />
valde quinquecostatus, costis 1 v. 3-nerviis. Monotocfe.<br />
Subsectio 1.—Folia paten tia. Calyx costis uninerviis. Petala<br />
iniegm.<br />
22. T. iLLYRicA Fisch. et Mey. ; Linn., Mantissa, p.70 {Saponaria)<br />
Eebb., Ic. Flor. Germ. 4999.—Viscido-pubescens,plusmimiscp&spitosa<br />
basi suffrutescens. Caules numerosi rigidi laxe et divarieatim<br />
dicliotomi. Folia anguste lineari-subulata recurva trinervia<br />
margine scabi*a. Flores approximati. Calyx hirsutus tubulosocampanulatus,<br />
dentibns triangnlari-ovatis mucronatis. Lamina<br />
oblonga, supra pallide ocliroleuca subtus purpui^o-lineata basi<br />
purpureo-punctata. Biennis.<br />
Var. Taygetea Boiss* ; Fl. Orient. 1, p. 521.<br />
Var. fidva Huter ; PI. Exsiceat. Ex Itin. Italieo, iii. no. 256<br />
(Herb. Kew).<br />
This species includes the following plants :<br />
Saponaria IRijrica L., wbich certainly does not occur in Illyria,<br />
and therefore the trivial name proposed by Linnaeus is not appro-<br />
priate.<br />
Gypsophila cretim Griseb. in Spieil. Fl. RumeL Bithyn. 1,<br />
p. 184. T. cretica, for which tlie plant may have been mistaken,<br />
does not occur in the Balkan provinces.<br />
Fiedleria illyrica Rchb., representing a genus which has not<br />
been maintained.<br />
23. T. Dav^ana Cosson ; Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxxvi. p. 103.<br />
—Viscido-pubescens lG-20 centim. Caules erecti rigidi laxe et<br />
divaricatim dichotami. Folia anguste lineari-subulata trinervia<br />
stricta margine scabra. Pedieelli oalyce longiores. Calyx clavatus<br />
dentibus ovato-lanceolatis mucronatis. Lamina oblongo-spathulata<br />
pm'purascens. Annua. — Cyrenaica in Africa boi-eali (in horto<br />
Musei Parisiensis culta).<br />
24. T. STRICTA Bunge in FL Altaica, ii, (1830), p. 129 (Gypsophila);<br />
Ledebour in Ic. PI. Ross. tab. 15.—Glabra 25 centim. Caules<br />
numerosi erecti strictissimi basi racemose ramosi. Folia brevia<br />
uninervia incurva margine scabra radicalia flaccida rosulata linearispathulata,<br />
caulinia late linearia acuta. Pedieelli calyce 2-5-plo<br />
longiores. Calyx tuv^binatus dentibus triangularibus acutis. Lamina<br />
albida oblongo -linearis. Biennis.<br />
^o^<br />
Subsectio 2.—Folia patentia trinervia. Calyx costis trinerviis.<br />
25. T. PACHYGONA Fisch. et Mey.; Lid. Sem. Petropolit. iv. p.<br />
50.—Glanduloso-viscida. Caules 13-20 centim., erecti rigidi a medio<br />
dichotome paniculati. Fcdia lineai-ia acuta margine Ifcvia. Pedieelli<br />
calyce sublongiores. Calyx glaber campanulatus dentibus<br />
triangulari-ovatis mucronatis. Lamina alba lineari-spathulata integra<br />
subtus trilineata. Annua.
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TUNICA. 199<br />
Var. hirtituha mihi = T, arahica Boiss.<br />
26. T. 13RACHYPETALA Jaub. et Spacli ; Ilhistr. PI. Orient. 1,<br />
p. 11, tab. 5.—Infra glabra supra glanduloso-puberula. Caulea<br />
25-35 centim., erecti a basi dicliotome paniculati. Folia linearifiliformia<br />
acuta margine Inevia. Pedicelli calyce sublongiores.<br />
Calyx campanulatus deutibus ovatis acuminatis. Lamina albida<br />
spathulata Integra subtus rubella trilineata. Biennis.<br />
27. T. HispiDULA Boiss. et Hldr. ; Diagn. PI. Nov. Or. ser. i. 8,<br />
p. 62.—Viscido-liispidula 21-25 centim. Caules a basi dichotome<br />
et eifuse ramosissimi paniculam divaricatam forraantes. Folia<br />
anguste linearia acuminata margine laevia. Pedicelli calyce 3-4-plo<br />
longiores. Calyx obconicus dentibus ovatis mucronatis. Lamina<br />
bifida, albida v. ocbroleuca. Annua.<br />
? Sujfotiaria sp. Cf. i5. orientulis L. in sect. Proteinia.<br />
Chronological Sequence of the Species.<br />
lAmiean species.—Three of the species included in this Synopsis<br />
were described by LinnjBus, each of which is to be found under a<br />
different genus.<br />
Gi/psvphihi rvjida (1753) = T. rigida Boiss.<br />
l)iunt/ius saxifraf/m (1753) = T. saxifraga Scop.<br />
Sai>(»iaria ilbjrica (1767) = T. illyrica Fiscli. et Mey.<br />
The post-Linnean species up to 1821. — Six species belong to this<br />
period ; they include :<br />
T. covipressa (1798) of Algeria.<br />
T.
200<br />
HEPATIC.E FOUND IN KERRY, 1889.<br />
By Reginald W. Scully, F.L.S.<br />
Kerry is well known to be the happy hunting ground for those<br />
who are interested in Hepaticce, a reputation which has drawn to<br />
this south-west extremity of the British Isles nearly every specialist<br />
in these somewhat difficult plants. The number of Hepaticfi; recorded<br />
as occurring in Ireland, after deducting two or three as impositions or<br />
ambiguities, is at present about 146 species ; of this number no less<br />
than 133 have been at one time or another stated to have been found<br />
in Kerry, a result no doubt due to the careful exploration this beautiful<br />
county has received, and even still scarcely a year passes without<br />
an addition to the list. In the hope that some of the missing<br />
thirteen may be found, I have added their names after the following<br />
list of localities, together with those of a few others for which recent<br />
observations or further localities are very desirable.<br />
My Kerry collection of last summer contained specimens of as<br />
many as 104 species. A few of these were new to the county,<br />
while fresh localities were found for some of the rarer species. The<br />
most interesting of the additions was retalophyUnia Balfsii, known<br />
already in Ireland from two spots near Dublin, and in England<br />
from Cornwall. It occurred in two localities among the sand-hills<br />
round Ballinskelligs Bay, near Waterville, very fine and abundant<br />
in one of them. I also, found Fossomhrovia mujnlosu m great<br />
abundance round this same bay, a welcome extension to the very<br />
restricted range of this beautiful species. It occurred in dense<br />
tufts or masses, often filling small hollows in tbe damp cliffs or<br />
fissures in the rocks nearly down to sea-level ; unlike most Hepaticie,<br />
this species loses all its beauty in drying. Xardia sphacelata, Scapania<br />
subalpina, S. CBqidloba, Jttngermanina nana and J. bicrenata are<br />
probably additions to the county.<br />
I cannot too much thank Mr. David McArdle, of the Royal<br />
Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, for his kindness in examining my<br />
numerous specimens ; I could not have attempted the publication<br />
of the following localities without the help of his critical knowledge<br />
of these difficult plants. I have not repeated localities already<br />
known, unless with the object of showing the height at which the<br />
plants were gathered, &c.<br />
Dumortiem irrUjua Nees. Blackwater Bridge, Kenmare Bay,<br />
and recorded fi'om here by Dr. Taylor in 1820.<br />
Tarrjionia hi/pophi/Ua L. Blackwater Bridge, Kenmare Bay, and<br />
near Muckross Abbey, Killarney.<br />
Fndlania Hutrhin.sicB var. intctirifolia Nees. Growing on T)iimortiera<br />
at Tore Waterfall, Killarney. — F. tamarisci Dum. Many'<br />
localities, from sea-level to 2500 ft. on the Reeks.<br />
Lejeunea calyptrifuHa Dum. Growing on FriiUania tamarisci<br />
near the Hunting Tower, Upper Lake, Killarney. — L. kamatifoUa<br />
Hook. On Fndlania ^ndi Mctzycria , (jlencSaV ; Waterville; Blackwater<br />
Bridge, &c. — L. cchinata Tayl. Ross Island, Killarney.—<br />
X. liossettiana Massal. Ross Island, Killarney, confirmed by Dr.
HEPATICyE FOUND IN KERRY, 1889, 201<br />
Spruce. — L. vncroxnijiira Tayl. Many places from sea-level to<br />
1500 ft. — L. ovata Tayl., L. scr/vjlli/olui Libert, L. patens Lindb.,<br />
L. Jlava Swz., and subsp. olhida Spruce. Abundant in many<br />
localities from sea-level, as at Blackwater Bridge, to 2500 ft. on<br />
the Reeks.<br />
Radula xahtpensis N. U. Darrynane ; Tore Waterfall ; Mangerton<br />
; 2500 ft. on the Reeks, &,c.— 11. aquile;iia Tayl. Near Water-<br />
ville ; Mangerton ; Slieve Mish Mts. at 1500 ft.<br />
Vorella lavvjata Lindb. Near Waterville.<br />
Biizzania trUohata B. Gr. Glencar ; 2500 ft. on the Reeks, &c.<br />
—B. tridnyidaris Scbleich. Upper Glencar.<br />
Cephalozia dlvarirata Smith. Waterville ; Glencar ; about Killarney.<br />
— C. elacltista Jack. Near Waterville; Upper Glencar;<br />
2500 ft. on the Reeks, &c. C. connivms Dicks., C. cdtnniluta Lindb.,<br />
and (\ nli(jino.sa Spruce. Li many places to 2500 ft. on the Reeks.<br />
— C. curvij'ulia Dum. and C. multijlora Spruce. Glencar, and near<br />
Killarney.<br />
Lophocolea spicdta Ts,y\. Glencar; Mangerton, &c.<br />
Haipanthiis scutatus Spruce. O'Sullivau's Cascade, &c., Kil-<br />
larney.<br />
Kantia trichomanis B. Gr. With abundant colesules near the<br />
Hunting Tower, Upper Lake, Killarney.— A', aryuta Lindb. Near<br />
Ilunthig Tower, Upper Lake, Killarney.<br />
Triclwcolea tumentella Dum. Blackwater Bridge, Kenmare<br />
Bay, &c.<br />
Aiithelia jnlacen Dum. Horses Glen, Mangerton.<br />
lUcpharostutna trichopltijlld Dum. Glencar; Tore Mtn., &c.j<br />
Killarney.— B. setacea Mitt. Glencar; Mangerton, &c., Killarney.<br />
Scapania compiicta Dum. Near Waterville and Killarney.<br />
S. suhalpinn Dum. Slieve Mish Mts., 1500 ft. ; Reeks, 2500 ft.—<br />
S. nimbosa Tayl. Growing sparingly among DijiluplniUum, Glencar.<br />
— S. uliffinusa Dum. Near Waterville. — S. irquduha Dum. Near<br />
Hunting Tower, Upper Lake, Killarney, and about 2500 ft. on the<br />
Reeks. — -S. nemorosa Dam. and S. loiibmsa Dum. From near sealevel<br />
to 2500 ft. on the Reeks. — ^'. cnrta Dum. Near Blackwater<br />
Bridge, Kenniare Bay.<br />
Vhiiliocliila punctdta Tayl. Blackwater Bridge, Kenmare Bay;<br />
Glena, Killarney. P. tridentindata Tayl. Tore Waterfall; Glena,<br />
&c., Killarney.<br />
jHiiijcntiinniia cundfolia Dum. Near Waterville ; Gleua and the<br />
Upper Lake, Killarney. —
202 HEPATIC.E FOUND IN KERRY, 1889.<br />
Tower, Upper La"ke, Killarney; about 1500 ft,, Slieve Misli Mts.<br />
— J. laxifol la Dnm. O'Sullivan's Cascade, Killai*ney; 1500 ft. on<br />
Slieve Mish Mts., &c. J. ivfiata Dum. Upper Glencar.<br />
Nardia sphacelata Giesecke. Horses Glen, Mangerton. — N.<br />
compressn Carring. Hunting Tower, Upper Lake, Killarney. — N.<br />
obovata Carring. Many places from near sea-level to 1500 ft. on<br />
Slieve Mish Mts. — X. hyalina Carring. Glencar, and about 1500 ft.<br />
on Pap's Mts., Killarney.<br />
Adelantlius decipiens Mitt. About Upper Lake, Killarney.<br />
Fussomhronia pusilla Nees. Waterville, and near Hunting<br />
Tower, Upper Lake, Killarney.— F. angidosa Eaddi. Abundant in<br />
many places round Ballinskelligs Bay ; hitherto recorded only from<br />
Dingle Bay.<br />
Fetalophyllum Ralfsii Wilson. Sparingly among sand-hills on<br />
the south side of Inny Ferry, Waterville, and abundant about a<br />
mile west of the ferry on the north side.<br />
Blasia j^nsilla L. Near Waterville and Ballybunnion.<br />
Metzgeria hamata Lindb. Upper Glencar ; Tore Waterfall, and<br />
at 2500 ft. on the Reeks. Dr. Moore's records for M. linearis<br />
should be transferred to this, as M. hamata was the plant intended.<br />
I understand that M. linearis is not British, nor likely to be so.<br />
M. conjvgata Lindb. Glencar.<br />
Fiiccardia palmaia Carruth. Mangerton ; Muckross, &c., Killarney.—Fu<br />
pitiguis Grsij. Waterville; Glencar, &c. li. lati/rons<br />
Lindb. Upper Glencar ; Tore Waterfall, Killarney.<br />
The following are the thirteen Irish Hepaticm which have not<br />
yet been found in Kerry, so far as I am aware :<br />
Eiccia fluitans L. and B. natans L. Recorded from Limerick, &c.<br />
Forella Cordaana Dum. Fermoy, Co. Cork.<br />
Odontoschisma denudatum Dum. Near Bangor, Mayo, 1859.<br />
Cephalozia FVancisci Hook. Bantry.<br />
Fedinophylliun pyrenaicum Spruce. Ben Bulben, Sligo.<br />
Junyermannia minuta Crantz. Co. Dublin and Wicklow. — J.<br />
Lyoni Tayl. Co. Wicklow. J. capitata Hook. Bantry. J. e.vcisa<br />
Dicks. Recorded from the Dublin Mts. by Dr. Taylor more than<br />
sixty years ago, but Dr. Moore knew of no Irish specimens.<br />
Nardia Funckii Carring. Belfast and Co. Galway.<br />
Fallavicinia hihernicn Gray. Co. Dublin.<br />
Metzyeria pubescens Raddi. Co. Antrim.<br />
Of the above it will be observed that the two Eiccia are found in<br />
Co. Limerick on the north, and that Cephalozia Francisci and<br />
Junyermannia capitata have been found at Bantry, close to the<br />
southern boundary of Kerry. Recent observations or further<br />
localities in Kerry for any of the following would also be very<br />
welcome :<br />
Ford Ia Thuja Dicks. Brandon, 1864.<br />
Cephalozia Turneri Lindb. Near Upper Lake, Killarney, 1873,<br />
Dr. Lindbery.<br />
Scapania irriyua Nees. Found in Kerry by Dr. Taylor and Dr.
ON POTAMOGETON FLUITANS. 203<br />
Moore. — 5.<br />
WUsan.<br />
planifolia Hook. Brandon only, Dr. Taylor and W.<br />
DijAophijllnm ohtusifolinm Dum. Found more than sixty years<br />
ago by Dr. Taylor near Dunkerron.<br />
Juni/cDiKtmiia Dicksoni Hook. Connor Hill, Dr. Moore. — J,<br />
Bantrieusis Hook. Brandon, J>r. Moore. — J. Hornschiickittna Nees.<br />
Near Upper Lake and Tore Mtn., Killarney, 18G9, Dr. Moore.<br />
Acroholbus nV/wHt Nees. W. Wilson, 1829; Dr. Taylor, 1841.<br />
Scalid Hookeri Gray. One solitary female plant on Connor<br />
Hill, 1873, Dr. Linilberg.<br />
Aiithoceros IcBvis L. Abundant near Yentry, Dr. Liiulbcrg and<br />
Dr. Moore, 1873.<br />
ON POTAMOGETON FLUITANS Roth.<br />
By William H. Beeby.<br />
The object of the present paper is to try to throw a little<br />
light on the proper application of this name. A good deal that<br />
has been written on the subject hitherto seems scarcely more<br />
than conjecture ; while a definite statement, like that of Keichenbach,<br />
which surely deserves to be accepted or refuted, or at least<br />
to be remarked upon, is passed over in silence.<br />
The freely-fruiting plant of the Continent, called by many<br />
" P.jluitans," has been assumed to be the plant of Roth ; and this<br />
assumption once having been made, fruit is sometimes asked for to<br />
prove that any given example is the plant of Roth ! Unfortunately<br />
Roth did not describe the fruit at all ; and as it appears to have<br />
been impossible to find a type specimen of Roth's plant, the conception<br />
of the fruit of P. jliiitans Roth, can scarcely come from an<br />
authentic source. As Roth does not give descriptions of the fruit<br />
in this genus, the identification of his plant must, in the absence<br />
of authentic specimens, rest on other characters and considerations.<br />
Reichenbach (Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv., t. 49, 48) figures two<br />
plants which he regards as varieties of the same species, viz., his<br />
typical sterile P.fluitans Roth, in a plate which well represents the<br />
British plant ; and his fertile " /?. sUtyndtilis Koch." Speaking of<br />
our sterile plant he says, " No one seems to have seen the typical<br />
form in fruit, which is known to me in no collection." Now, where<br />
there exist two forms, the one fertile and the other sterile, and supposed<br />
to belong to the same species, the almost universal custom is<br />
to call the fertile plant the type ; and it is not likely that Reichenbach<br />
chose the opposite arrangement merely from caprice. The<br />
inference is rather that he took the more unusual course because,<br />
for some reason known to himself, he felt that he had no choice ;<br />
especially when his remarks on tlie sterility of the typical form are<br />
taken into consideration. And it may be pointed out that the idea<br />
of sterility did not altogether originate with Reichenbach, for<br />
Chamisso and Schlechteiidal say, " Scuiina, ex Nolte, acutiua<br />
carinata quam uatantis, ultamcn non satis matiira observabantur."
204 EUBUS EEYTHRINUS.<br />
It may be well to quote Eotb's owu description of his plant. It<br />
is as follows :<br />
" P. foliis iuferioribus longissimis, lanceolatis, acuminatis, niem-<br />
branaceis ; superioribus ovali-lanceolatis, coriaceis ; omnibus petiolatis."—<br />
Tent. Flo. Geim. torn. i. p. 72.<br />
Leaving fruiting characters out of consideration, it would not be<br />
easy to give briefly a better description of our sterile form than this.<br />
My contention therefore is :—First, that the demand for fruit,<br />
wherewith to prove that any plant is /-•. jinitans Roth, must be<br />
withdrawn, or the evidence whereon tbe demand is based be<br />
divulged ; and secondly, that the name P. Jiuitans Eoth, must be<br />
withheld from the freely-fruiting continental plant, until it is shown<br />
to produce the characteristic submerged leaves described by Eoth,<br />
and which have been entirely wanting on the few specimens of<br />
fruiting " 1'. j^iiiUtns'' seen by myself, and wanting, so far as I can<br />
ascertain, on all specimens of fruiting "jhutans" that have been<br />
seen in this country.<br />
I am not prepared to deny that these two forms may possibly be<br />
varieties of the same species, for I know too little of the fruiting<br />
plant ; but if they are, it has yet to be shown conclusively, and<br />
meanwhile I most confidently hold the contrary opinion myself. I<br />
do not doubt that our /'. jiititans is a hybrid F. nutans x lucens,<br />
and at the same time should not be at all surprised were a ripe nut<br />
occasionally found. Such is no evidence of non-hybridity, but merely<br />
of the hybrid being occasionally fertilised by the pollen of some<br />
other (probably one of the parent) forms. In these sterile hybrids<br />
it appears to be the male element tbat is mostly at fault ; and<br />
although its own pollen may be impotent, the pistil of the hybrid<br />
may still be susceptible to the good pollen of an allied form, in<br />
accordance with the law, acknowledged as general though not absolute,<br />
that " the male organs of species-hybrids are functionally<br />
weak to a higher degree than the female organs."<br />
In conclusion, I may state that by the " Eritish plant " I allude<br />
to the gatheriijgs of Mr. Alfred Fryer in Hunts and Cambridgesnire,<br />
and by myself in Surrey and West Sussex.<br />
R Un us Eli YTU PiIX I \S Genev.<br />
By T. E. Archer Briggs, F.L.S.<br />
In the ' Flora of Plymouth ' there will be found appended to the<br />
particulars under lltthits hindU'iduus Lees, at page 112, a reference<br />
to another bramble, which Dr. Focke, in his valuable and interest-<br />
ing ' ' Notes on English Eubi,' recently published in the Journal of<br />
Botany' (vol. xxviii. p. 97-103, 129-135), asserts to be the one<br />
given in Genevier's ' Essai Monographique sur les Eubus du Bassin<br />
de la Loire ' as Buhm enjtluinm. The paragraph respecting it which<br />
I published in 1880 is as follows:—"We have a bramble very<br />
common aboutPlymouth, certainly of the lUiamniJ'otii group, and aUied
RUBUS ERYTHRINUS. 205<br />
to LindleiauKs, wliicli will, I believe, have to be flcscribed as a new<br />
species, should it not be found to be identical with some Continental<br />
one." We now find the possibility thus hinted at established as a<br />
fact in the opinion of Dr. Focke, for he in his " Notes " (Journ. Bot.<br />
xxviii. 102, 3) calls this plant K. enjthriiius Genev., without question.<br />
It will be seen that I had the pleasure last summer of<br />
showing it to him in many spots near Plymouth, and that he also<br />
saw it with the Kev. W. Moyle Rogers and myself near Daggons,<br />
Dorset. It is in compliance with his expressed wish that I should<br />
say something about it that I write this notice, and give the following<br />
description :<br />
EuBUs ERYTHRINUS' Genov., Focke in Journ. Bot. xxviii. 102, 3,<br />
Stem, strong, arching, angular, glabrous, or with few short hairs,<br />
of a dull dark purplish red in exposure, shining. Prirhies on the<br />
angles, uniform, of moderate length, purplish red with yellow<br />
points, strong, sharp, slightly declining from an oblong compressed<br />
base. Leaves 5-nate. Leajicts thin, bright green, shining above,<br />
with very few distant hairs or glabrous, rather thickly clothed with<br />
short hairs beneath ; irregularly but not very deeply dentate, or<br />
dentate-sen-ate, fiat, or very slightly waved just at the edges, sometimes<br />
convex ; lower oblong with short point ; intermediate<br />
obovate-acuminate ; terminal long-stalked, broadly obvovate-, or<br />
even oval-acuminate, somewhat cordate at the base ; petioles with<br />
many strong hooked prickles, thinly hairy ; stipules linear-lanceolate.<br />
Flowering shoot rather long and narrow, with few hairs on the<br />
lower portion of the stem ; jiricMes on the angles, somewhat scattered,<br />
small but strong, slender, declining. Leaves 3-nate, sometimes<br />
5-uate. Leaflets thin, shining above, obovate or oval-acuminate ;<br />
lower with short point. L'anlde often compound, of moderate<br />
length, hairy, densely so and sometimes felted towards the top,<br />
sub-pyramidal in outline, being abruptly rounded at the top ;<br />
branches short and fevv-fiowered, rather lax, separate for at least<br />
two-thirds the length of the panicle ; axillary ascending ; ultraaxillary<br />
sub-patent ; \
206 KUBUS ERYTIIRINUS.<br />
There are few charcacters by which to separate it from R.<br />
rhamnifolius W. & N., Anglor,, but it has a markedly different appearance<br />
from the ordinary form of that bramble, partly by reason<br />
of the leaflets having dentate or irregularly dentate- serrate, not<br />
finely cut and very regular, divisions. It is also unlike it in<br />
having pink or tinted petals, and in the leaves being less frequently<br />
felted.<br />
I quote Dr. Focke as the authority for considering the plant<br />
about which I am writing as essentially the R. eri/thrinus of<br />
Genevier ; yet a reference to the work of the latter, ' Essai Monographique<br />
sur les Rubus du Bassin de la Loire ' (I have only ed. 1,<br />
1869, to which to refer), will show some want of agreement between<br />
my description of the Plymouth plant and his of R. erythriniis, and<br />
the pomts of dissimilarity would have made me hesitate to combine<br />
the two on my own responsibility.<br />
This bramble is extremely abundant, and grows with great<br />
luxuriance, in many parts of Cornwall and Devon, evidently finding<br />
in these south-western counties conditions well suited to its<br />
requirements. Apart from the neighbourhood of Plymouth I have,<br />
in Cornwall, seen it in plenty near Bodmin, in the parishes of<br />
Blisland, St. Tudy, St. Mabyn, and Cardinham ; also in abundance<br />
in the neighbourhood of Launceston.<br />
In South Devon.—At Buckfastleigh and Diptford, Newton Abbot,<br />
Cockington, Kingskerswell, near Chagford, Gidleigh, Throwleigh,<br />
Haldon and elsewhere near Exeter.<br />
X. Devon.—Okehampton. Specimens collected by Mr. W. P.<br />
Hiern, from the parishes of North Molton, N. Tawton, Symbridge,<br />
and Bishop's Nympton.<br />
S. Somerset.—Blackdown, below the Wellington Monument<br />
collected in company with the Rev. R. P. Murray in 1883.<br />
Dorset.—Arne. Found in considerable quantity by the Eev. W.<br />
Moyle Rogers and myself in 1886, In the following year I saw it<br />
also, but in small quantity, at Branksome Chine.<br />
S. Hants.—Met with by the Rev. W. Moyle Rogers in good quantity<br />
by Lyndhurst Road Station, whence I have seen a specimen.<br />
Gloucester.—Mr. Jas. W. White, in his ' Flora of the Bristol<br />
Coal Field,' says:— "We have gathered by the river side under<br />
Cook's Folly the bramble mentioned by Mr. Briggs, under R. Lindleianus,<br />
in the ' Flora of Plymouth,' as very common about Plymouth,<br />
and probably an undescribed species " (p. 58). I have seen a<br />
specimen from this station.<br />
Suffolk-.—Polstead Marsh. Specimen collected Sept. 12th, 1889,<br />
by the Rev. E. F, Linton; seen thence.<br />
IJ errford.— F^aton Park Wood, Sep. 25th, 1888. Specimen in<br />
the collection of the Rev. Augustin Ley.
207<br />
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE2E.<br />
By Edmund G. Baker, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 145.)<br />
Alth.ea.<br />
** Pterocarpa Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 8<strong>31</strong>.— Carpelli dorsum canaliculatum<br />
marginibus in alas membranaceas expansis.<br />
21. A. ROSEA Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 437 ; Rchb. Ic. Flor. Germ.<br />
V. t. 175 ; Bot. Mag. t. <strong>31</strong>98. AltJuea carihcca Sims in Bot. Mag.<br />
t. 1916. A. coromandclina Cav.; DC. Prod. i. 437. A. chinensis<br />
Wall. Cat. 2689. A. cretica Weinm. Syll. Ratisb. ii. p. 171.<br />
A. jiexuosa Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 892. A. vieonantha Link, Linn,<br />
ix. p. 586. / A. viexicana Kunze, Linn. xx. p. 51 et 404. A, jmlchra<br />
Klotsch, Pr. Waldemar. Him. t. 26. A. sinensis Cav. ; DC. Prod.<br />
i. 437. Alcea rosea L. Sp. 966.—Caule crasso erecto liirsuto, foliis<br />
longe petiolatis cordato-ovatis acute 5-7 lobatis, fioribus 1-2 axillaribus,<br />
pedunculis brevissimis, bracteolis calyce paulo brevioribus<br />
tomentosis, sepalis tomentosis acutis, petalis magnis, carpellis<br />
rugosulis hirtis.<br />
Hab. Crete ! Greece ! Peleponesus<br />
Stem 3-6 ft. high ; leaves 2-4 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals f in.<br />
petals 1^-2 in. long.<br />
p. SiBTHORpn Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 832 = Altlum JiciJ'oUa Fl. Grfec.<br />
t. 663, non L.—Foliis profundius palmatilobatis.<br />
Hab. Crete.<br />
In Bot. Mag. t. <strong>31</strong>98, A. rosea is said to have been introduced<br />
into Europe from China in 1753.<br />
22. A. PALLIDA Waldst. & Kit. K. PI. Ear. Hung. t. 47. Alcca<br />
pallida Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 832.—Caule ci-ecto crassiusculo, foliis tomen-<br />
tellis longe petiolatis suborbicularibus crenatis interdum lobatis,<br />
fioribus 1-3 axillaribus, pedunculis brevibus, bracteolis calyce subrequentibus,<br />
sepalis tomentosis lanceolatis acutis, petalis roscis<br />
bilobis, carpellis rugosis ad medium dorsum et interdum facie hirtis.<br />
Hab. South-east Germany. Greece! South Russia. AsiaMinor!<br />
Stem 2-5 ft. high ; leaves 2-3 in. ; bracts ^-^ in. ; sepals I in.<br />
petals 1^-2 in. long. This plant may be distinguished from A.<br />
rosea Cav. by its smaller stature, somewhat differently shaped<br />
leaves, and narrower petals.<br />
23. A. IIkloukichii ])oiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, p. 103. Alcea Ilel-<br />
dreichii Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 832. — Sparsim et adpressissime stellatopilosa<br />
virens, caulibus tcnuil)us in racemis laxissimis inferne<br />
foliosis abeuntibus, foliis cordato-suborbiculatis obtusissime quin-<br />
quelobis, bracteolis dimidio calyce triangularibus acutis, sepalis<br />
obtusiusculis, petalis roseis bilobis, carpellis facie et dorso rugosis<br />
dorso hirtis.<br />
Hab. Korthiatia, }icar Thessalonica, Jleldreieh.<br />
Differs from A. />allida W. K. in more adpresscd indumentum,<br />
and smaller corolla and bracts.<br />
24. A. Calvkuti lioiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, v. p. GG. Alcea Calrerd
208 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE^.<br />
Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 832. — Tenniter et adpresse cano tomeutosa, caule<br />
tenui paucifloro, foliis minutis subcordato-orLiculatis obtusissime<br />
5-7-lobis crenato-dentatis, pedunculis calyce feqiiilougis, bracteolis<br />
calyce dimidio brevioribns triangularibus acuLis, calycis lobis<br />
aciitiusculis, petalis roseis bilobis.<br />
Hab. Erzeroum, Armenia, Calvert.<br />
25. A. HoHENACKERi Boiss. et Huet. in Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 2, v.<br />
p. 67. Alcea rosea Ledeb. Fl. Eoss, iion L. Alcea Hohenackeri Boiss. Fl.<br />
Or. i. 833.—Caule adpresse canescenti-tomentello interduni ramoso,<br />
foliis longe petiolatis ovatis 5-7-lobatis, basi subcordatis bracteolis<br />
triaugularibiis vel lanceolatis dimidio calyce brevioribus, sepalis<br />
lanceolatis acutis, petalis retusis fiavidis, carpellis midique pubescentibus.<br />
Hab. Armenia 1 Persia ! Afghanistan<br />
Stem 2-3 ft. high ; leaves 1^-3 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals ^ in. ;<br />
petals 1|- in. long.<br />
26. A. DENUDATA. Alceu denudata Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 833.— Caule<br />
prffiter pilis stellatis sparsissimis denudato in racemum deusiusculum<br />
inferne foliosum abeunti, foliis breviter tormentellis virentibus<br />
ovatis inferioribus subcordatis obsolete trilobis acutis, pedunculis<br />
calyce brevioribus, bracteolis calyce triente brevioribus, petalis<br />
intense violaceis retusis carpellis facie et sulco dorsali birtis alls<br />
valde dilatatis rugosissimis.<br />
Hab. Hisan, near Bitlis, in Armenia.<br />
27. A. NUDiFLORA Lindl. in Trans. Hort. Soc. vii.p. 251.— Caule<br />
erecto tomentoso, floribus 1-2 axillaribus, pedunculis brevibus,<br />
foliis cordato-rotundis 5-angulatis, bracteolis lanceolatis acutis<br />
dimidio calyce brevioribus, sepalis longe lanceolatis, petalis albis<br />
cuneatis emarginatis, carpellis angustis transverse rugosis.<br />
Hab. Songoria<br />
Stem 3-6 ft. high ; leaves 3 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals nearly<br />
1 in. ; petals 1^-2 in. long.<br />
28. A. FiciFOLiA Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 437. Alcea froloviana Fiscli.<br />
A.ficifuUa L. Hort. Cliff. 348. A. riu/osa Alef. Oest. Bot. Zeit. 1862,<br />
p. 254. — Caule cano erecto minute pubescente, foliis viridibus<br />
magnis 3-5-7-palmatilobatis serratis fere glabris lobis oblongis<br />
obtusis dentatis, floribus axillaribus, pedunculis brevibus, bracteolis<br />
triangularibus dimidio calyce brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis acutis,<br />
petalis sulphureis retusis, carpellis dorso hirsutis.<br />
Hab. Altai Mts. ! Russia! Armenia! Persia. Georgia! Egypt!<br />
Stem 4-6 ft. high ; leaves 3-5 in. long ; bracts I in. ; sepals<br />
I in. ;<br />
petals 1-2 in. long.<br />
/3. vioLACEA Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 833.—Floribus violaceis.<br />
Hab. Taurus. Khorassan.<br />
y. GLABRATA Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 834. Alcea flavovirens Boiss. et<br />
Buhse, Aufz. p. 44. A. tahrisiana Boiss. et Bulise, l.c, A. ot. Zeit. 1862, p. 253. — Caule glabrato tenuiore<br />
ramoso, foliis minoribus glabratis lobatis.<br />
Hab. Persia.
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVEa:. 209<br />
29. A. Tholozani. Alcea Tholozani Stapf. Bot. Polak Exp.<br />
p. 40. — Caule simplici vel parce ramosa tenue flcxuoso iuferne<br />
glabro superne griseo, petiolis loiigis, foliis viriclibus inferioribus<br />
rotundato-cordatis interdum lobatis superioribus profunde fissis lobis<br />
augustioribus, floribus axillaribus iu racemo apliyllo, bracteolis<br />
lanceolatis acutis, sepalis tomentosis, petalis albis, carpellis undique<br />
adpresse sericeo-pilosis.<br />
Hab. Persia, Pklder !<br />
Stem 1-2 ft. ; leaves 2 iu, ; bracts \ in. ; sepals f in. ; petals<br />
IJ in. long.<br />
80. A. PEDUNCULARis. Alccu peilimculans Boiss. et Haussk. in<br />
Suppl. Fl, Or. p. 133.— Caule virgato glabro, foliis longe petiolatis<br />
parvis viridibus inferioribus cordatis superioribus ad vel ultra<br />
medium obtuse lobatis, floribus axillaribus solitariis remotis racemo<br />
apbyllo, bracteolis calyce dimidio brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis<br />
acutis sublineatis tomentellis, petalis albis vel pallide roseis,<br />
carpellis tomentellis profunde canaliculatis margine in alas glabras<br />
latas obsolete reticulatas expansis.<br />
Hab. Kurdistan, Haussk. ! Persia, Haussk. !<br />
Stem 1-2 ft.; leaves 2 in. long; bracts ^ in.; sepals f in.;<br />
petals 1-| in. long.<br />
81. A. KURDicA Sclilecht. iu Linn. xvii. p. 127. Alcea kurdica<br />
Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 834. — Caule tenui liirto, foliis inferioribus 5-7palmatilobatis,<br />
pedunculis calyce brevioribus, bracteolis lanceolatis<br />
acutis calyce triplo brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis, petalis violaceis,<br />
carpellis dorso late canaliculatis cano-tomentosis alis facie superior!<br />
non rugosis.<br />
Hab. Mesopotamia. Kurdistan<br />
Stem 2-3 ft. high ; leaves 3 in. ; bracts J in. ; sepals | in.<br />
petals 1\ in. long.<br />
/?. scHiKAZANA Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 834. Alcea scJdrazana Alcf. Oest.<br />
Bot. Zeit. 1862, p. 252.—Bracteolis calyce dimidio brevioribus.<br />
Hab. Persia<br />
82. A. ARBELENSis. A. arbelcHsis Boiss. et Haussk. in Suppl.<br />
Fl. Or. p. 132.—Caule crasso elato tomeutoso griseo inferne folioso<br />
superne in racemum longum densiuscule multiflorum abeunti, foliis<br />
in laciniis late oblongo-linearibus dcnticulatis obtusis ultra medium<br />
partitis, pedunculis calyce brevioribus, bracteolis calyce dimidio<br />
brevioribus, corollis sulphureis, carpellis tomentosis non rugosis vix<br />
canaliculatis, ala angustissima non rugosa horizontali marginatis.<br />
Hab. Arbela, Mesopotamia. Haiisskiu'c/it.<br />
Tlant(C non satis notce.<br />
Altliaa afriaina Lour. ; DC. Prod. i. 437.<br />
A. laxijUmi DC. jun. ex Sclilucht. Bot. Zeit. vi. 811.<br />
A. s/H-ciosa Vis. I'Orto Bot. di Padova, p. 182.<br />
PI (into; cxclusa;.<br />
.1. liurchellii E. & Z. =: Pavonia mollis E. May.<br />
^1. Borhonica DC. = Pavonia sp. ?<br />
JuuuNAL OF Botany.—Vol. 2H. [July, 1890.] p
210 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF HALVED.<br />
V. LAVATEEA L. Gen. n. 842.—Bracteohe 3-G basi connate.<br />
Fruetus axis carpella sequans vel superans conica vel apice dilatata.<br />
Sect. 1. Antliema Med. Malv. p. 42; DC. Prod. i. 439. — Axis<br />
parvus conicus, vix exsertus. Pedunculi axillares fasciculati raro<br />
solitarii.<br />
1. Lavatera arborea L. ; DC. Prod. i. 439 ; Echb. Ic. Flor.<br />
Germ. v. t. 178 ; Fl. Grtec. t. 665 ; Eng. Bot. 3, t. 279. Anthema<br />
arborea Presl. Fl. Sicul. i. p. 180. Malva arborea Webb. Pbyt.<br />
Canar. i. p. 30. Lavatera eriocalyx Steud. in Flora, 1856, p. 438.<br />
L. arborea C. Gay, Fl. Cbile, i. p. 288.—Frufcicosa saepe arborescens,<br />
foliis longe petiolatis molliter pubescentibus inferioribus cordatoorbicularibus<br />
lobatis superioribus 3-5-lobatis lobis acutis omnibus<br />
crenatis, bracteolis ovato-rotundatis post antliesin auctis, sepalis<br />
triangularibus acutis, corollis purpureis, carpellis 7-8 glabris vel<br />
pubescentibus dorso et faciebus transverse rugosis.<br />
Hab. Great Britain ! Western and Southern France ! Portugal<br />
! Spain to Greece ! North Africa ! Canaries !<br />
Stem 6-10 ft. high ; lower leaves 3-4 in. long ; peduncle<br />
4-6 in. ; bracts (flowering) \ in. ; sepals |- in. ; petals f in.<br />
2. L. cRETicA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 439 ; Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. 41.<br />
Malva mamillosa Lloyd, Fl. W. France, ed. i. p. 90. M. Wilkommiana<br />
Scheele in Linnsea, xi. p. 570. M. Pseudulavatera Webb,<br />
Pliyt. Canar. i. p. 29. M. hedercefolia Vis. Fl. Dalm. iii. p. 205.<br />
Lavatera Empedoclis Ucria in Koem. Arch. i. 69. L. sylvestris Brot.<br />
Fl. Lusit. i. p. 277. L. neapolitana Ten, Fl. Nap. 2. p. 113. L.<br />
triloba Seb. et Maur. Fl. Roman, p. 227, non L. L. sienla Tin. Sic.<br />
Pug. i. p. 14. — Caule herbaceo magis miuusve hispido-scabro,<br />
foliis inferioribus longe petiolatis cordato-ovatis lobatis vel sub-<br />
orbicularibus membranaceis serratis, bracteolis oblongis obtusis<br />
parura accrescentibus, sepalis ovatis acuminatis, corollis violaceis,<br />
carpellis 10-12 glabris vel pubescentibus dorso rotundatis faciebus<br />
transverse rugosis.<br />
Hab. Western France ! Portugal and Spain ! to Palestine and<br />
Syria ! Canaries ! North Africa !<br />
Stem 1-5 ft. ; leaves 2-3 in. long ; petioles 3-6 in. ; bracts<br />
\ in. ; sepals ^ in. ; petals ^ in.<br />
Var. AcuTiLOBABall in Journ. Linn, Soc. xvi. p. 377.—Totaplanta<br />
glabriuscula et statura paululum miuore, foliis acute lobatis<br />
superioribus interdum subhastatis.<br />
Hab. Marocco<br />
3. L.<br />
I'Algeric,<br />
MAURiTANicA Duricu, Rev. Duch. ii. p. 436 ; Expl. de<br />
t. 69 non Desf. — Caule herbaceo, foliis inferioribus<br />
longe petiolatis cordato-orbicularibus lobatis inolliter tomentosis<br />
serratis, bracteolis oblongis obtusis, sepalis ovatis acutis, petalis<br />
infra roseis, carpellis 9-10 dorso piano rugosis hirtis margine acute<br />
faciebus striatis.<br />
Hab. Algeria<br />
Stem 2-4 ft. ; leaves li-2| in. long; petiole 3-4 in.; bracts<br />
(flowering) ^ in. ; sepals \ in. ; petals ^ in.
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE.E, 211<br />
4. L. microphylla, n. sp. — Caule herbaceo raraoso decum-<br />
bente, ramis lateralibus teuuibus, foliis parvis ovatis trilobatis<br />
serratis membranaceis parce stellato-hirsutis, stipulis parvis ovatis<br />
acutis, floribus in ramis lateralibus solitariis axillariis et termiiialibus<br />
pedunculatis, bracteolis oblongis acutis pilosis ad imum<br />
connatis calyce brevioribus, sepalis ovatis acuminatis pilosis,<br />
petalis cuneatis piirpureis leviter bilobis, axe fructus parvo vix<br />
exserto cum bracliiis minimis radian tibus verticalibus, carpellis<br />
7-8 dorso rotundatis glabris faciebus radiatim striatis.<br />
Hab. Sherat Paver, 25 miles from Rabat, Marocco ! Abdul<br />
Grant. Aug., 1887. Herb. Kew.<br />
Stem 1 ft. ; lateral branches 6-8 in. long ; bracts |- in. ; sepals<br />
^ in. ; petals ^-J in.<br />
Sect. 2. Olbia Med. Malv. p. 41. — Axis exsertus conicus vel<br />
bemisphfericus radiatim striatus. Peduuculi axillares solitarii raro<br />
aggregati.<br />
"^'Amencajia:.<br />
5. L. occroENTALis S. Watson in Proc. Amer. Acad. ii. 113 and<br />
124.—Caule fruticoso, foliis longe petiolatis palmatilobatis serratis<br />
glabris, floribus axillaribus solitariis, bracteolis oblongis obtusis<br />
calyce brevioribus, sepalis triangularibus acutis accrescentibus,<br />
petalis anguste spatliulatis stramineis violaceo-striatis, carpellis<br />
6-10 puberulis dorso rotundatis margine acute.<br />
Hab. Guadalupe Island, Lower California !<br />
Stem 3-4 ft. ; leaves 3-4 in. loug ; petioles 3-5 in. ; bracts<br />
i in. ; sepals 1 in. ; petals 2 in.<br />
6. L. iNsuLAKis S. Watson in Proc. Amer. Acad. 12, 249.<br />
Caule fruticoso, foliis longe petiolatis palmatilobatis glabris serratis,<br />
floribus axillaribus solitariis, bracteolis oblongis obtusis ad<br />
imum conjunctis calyce dimidio brevioribus, sepalis triangularibus<br />
acutis accrescentibus, petalis purpureo-flavidis, carpellis 9-10 pube-<br />
rulis dorso rotundatis margine acute.<br />
Hab. Coronados Islands, Lower California !<br />
Leaves 3-4 in. long ; petioles 3-5 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals<br />
1 in. ; petals 1| in.<br />
This plant difiers from L. occidentalis in shape of the bracts<br />
and colour of the flowers.<br />
"•'•*<br />
GerontogecB,<br />
7. L. ACERiFOLiA Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 488. Saviniona acerifoUa<br />
Webb, Phyt. Canar. i. p. <strong>31</strong>, t. 1. B. — Caule fruticoso, foliis acute<br />
palmatilobatis glabris doutatis, floribus axillaribus solitariis, brac-<br />
teolis lanceolato-ovatis usque ad medium coalitis, sepalis lanceolatis<br />
acutis, petalis violaceis aut pallido roseis, carpellis 12-15 dorso<br />
rugosis.<br />
Hab. Canaries<br />
Stem 6-8 ft. high; leaves 2-8 in. loug; bracts ^ in ; sepals<br />
I in. ; petals 1-1^ in.<br />
8. L. pucENicEA Vent. ; DC. Prod. i. 438. Tj. coccinea Dietr. ex<br />
DC. Prod. i. 438, Xdvcea plucnkca Webb, Phyt. Canar. i. p.<br />
p2<br />
84. t.
212 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE.K.<br />
1 C.—Caule fruticoso, foliis acute palmatilobatis glabris dentatis,<br />
floribus axillaribus, peduuculis 3-5 floris, bracteolis ovatis obtusis<br />
calyce dimidio brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis acutis reticulatovenosis,<br />
petalis ovato-lanceolatis, carpellis 30-40 glabris elongatoreniformibus.<br />
Hab. Canaries<br />
Stem 12-15 ft. high; leaves 8-5 in. long; petiole 3-4^ in.;<br />
bracts ^ in. ; sepals t in. ; petals 1^ in.<br />
9. L. Olbia L. ; DC. Prod. i. 438 ; Rchb. Ic. Flor. Germ. v. t.<br />
177; Bot. Mag. t. 2541. Olhia hastata Mcench. Meth. 613. L.<br />
acutifoUa Lam. Fl. Fr. iii. p. 137. L. Pseudo-Olbia Poir. Encyc.<br />
Suppl. iii, p. 309. L. undulata Desf. Arb. i. p. 471, non Mill. L.<br />
thuringiaca All. Ped. ii. p. 96, non L. — Fruticosa v. suffrutescens,<br />
foliis inferioribas cordatis 3-5-lobis superioribus lanceolatis serratis,<br />
floribus magnis remotis solitariis brevissime pedunculatis, bracteolis<br />
ovatis breviter acuminatis sepalis subfequentibus, petalis pur-<br />
pureis, carpellis tomentellis dorso planis margine obtuse.<br />
Hab. West Mediterranean Region !<br />
Stem 2-5 ft. ; leaves 1-2 in. ; petiole 1-1^ in. long ; bracts<br />
\ in. ; sepals ^ in. ; petals 1 J in.<br />
Var. HispiDA = L. Olbia ft. hispida Gr. Godr. L. hispida Desf.<br />
Fl. Atl. ii. p. 118. L. africana Cav. fide Willd. Olbia hispida<br />
Presl. Fl. Sic. i. p. 179.—Pedunculis calycibusque pilis fasciculatis<br />
longis lanato-hirsutis.<br />
Hab. West Mediterranean Region !<br />
10. L. uNGuicuLATA Desf. ; DC. Prod. i. 438. L. Olbia Smith,<br />
Prod. Fl. GrfBC. ii. p. 46, non L. — Caule fruticoso pube stellato<br />
tomentoso, foliis palmatilobatis lobo medio longiore superioribus<br />
trilobis, pedunculis brevibus, bracteolis ovatis mucronatis calyce<br />
subbreviore, sepalis triangularibus acutis, petalis violaceis emarginato-bilobis,<br />
carpellis hirtis margine obtuse.<br />
Hab. Sicily ! Crete ! Cyprus ! Greece ! Samos<br />
Stem 2-5 ft. ;<br />
petals 1-lJ in.<br />
leaves 2-3 in. long; bracts J in.; sepals ^ in.<br />
11. L. MicANS L. ; DC. Prod. i. 439. L. bnjonifolia Mill. Diet.<br />
n. 11.—Caule fruticoso, foliis inferioribus acute palmatilobatis lobo<br />
medio longiore tomentosis floribus subsessilibus, bracteolis ovatis<br />
acuminatis, sepalis ovatis acutis, petalis purpureis bilobis, carpellis<br />
dorso rotundatis superne hirtis.<br />
Hab. Hispania<br />
Stem 2-4 ft. ; leaves 2-4 in. long ; bracts \ in. ; sepals \ in.<br />
petals 1 in.<br />
12. L. PUNCTATA All. ; DC. Prod. i. 439 ; Rchb. Ic. Flor. Germ.<br />
V. t. 176. L. biennis Guss. Fl. Sic. non M. B. — Caule herbaceo<br />
subscabro, foliis inferioribus reniformibus lobatis superioribus tri-<br />
lobis lobo medio longiore serratis, pedunculis longis solitariis folio<br />
longioribus, bracteolis calyce paulo brevioribus accrescentibus,<br />
sepalis triangularibus acutis, petalis cuneiformibus, carpellis glabris<br />
dorso rotundatis faciebus striatis.
PUCCINIA DIGRAPHimS. 213<br />
Hab. Southern France! Italy! Corsica! Gieece! To<br />
Syria and Palestine<br />
Stem 2-3 ft. ; leaves 1-2 in. long ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals 1^ in. (occasionally only f in.).<br />
13. L. BIENNIS M. B. ; DC. Prod. i. 439. — Caulc lierbaceo<br />
erecto, foliis inferioribus subrotundis lobatis superioribus ovatis<br />
trilobatis lobis lateralibus minimis, pedunculis folio longioribus,<br />
bractcolis ovatis mucronatis, scpalis triangularibus acuminatis,<br />
petalis trimcato-retusis, carpellis glabris dorso rotundatis rugosis.<br />
Hab. Armenia ! East Caucasus.<br />
Stem 1-3 ft. ; leaves 1 in. long ; bracts |- in. ; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals 5 in.<br />
14. L. THURiNGiACA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 439 ; Kchb. Ic. Flor.<br />
Germ. v. t. 177. L. olbia Steph. Misc. 32, non L. L. Thirkeana<br />
C. Koch, Linn. xix. p. 58. L. vitifoHa Wierzb. in Schur. Enum.<br />
PI. Trans. 129.—Caule herbaceo tomentoso, foliis inferioribus pal-<br />
matilobatis superioribus trilobis, pedunculis subsolitariis petiolo<br />
longioribus, bracteolis ovatis mucronatis calyce brevioribus, sepalis<br />
triangularibus acutis, petalis magnis pallide roseis, carpellis glabris<br />
dorso rotundatis angustis carinatis.<br />
Hab. Scandinavia ! Germany ! Kegion of Danube !, to Asia<br />
Minor ! Astrachan ! and Siberia !<br />
Stem 3-5 ft. ; leaves 2-3 in. long ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals | in. ;<br />
petals 1;^ in.<br />
Var. A<strong>MB</strong>iGUA = L. amhujua DC. i. 440. Malva Cyrilli Vis. Fl.<br />
Dalm.<br />
p. 40,<br />
iii. 207. L. salvitellmsis Brig. L.<br />
non Brot.—Foliis inferioribus acute<br />
sylvestris Ten.<br />
palmatilobatis<br />
Prod,<br />
medio<br />
longiore, fioribus axillaribus et sajpe subumbellatis.<br />
Hab. South France ! Italy ! Austria<br />
A specimen from Athenian peninsula (Aucher<br />
has petals only f in. long.<br />
Eloy, 857 his)<br />
15. L. FLAVA Desf. ; DC. Prod. i. 439. L. agriyentina Tin.<br />
Pug. p. 13. — Caule herbaceo tomentoso, foliis inferioribus subrotundis<br />
molliter tomentosis obsolete lobatis serratis vel crenatis,<br />
stipulis magnis ovatis acutis, fioribus axillaribus aggregatis et in<br />
racemum tcrminalem, bracteolis molliter tomentosis magnis lanceo-<br />
latis acutis, calyce paulo brcvioro, sepalis ovatis acutis, petalis<br />
flavidis, carpellis hirtis.<br />
Hab. Sicily ! Algeria<br />
Stem 3-4 ft. ; leaves 1^ in. long ; bracts I in. ; sepals :| in. ;<br />
petals 1 in.<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
P UCCINIA DIG RAPIIWIS.<br />
By IIliNIlY T. SOPPITT.<br />
By a scries of experimental cultures extending over the past<br />
twelve months, I have been enabled to dcmonstrato that the<br />
iEcidium of Cunvallaria majalis (^Ecidium ConvuUariic) is a heteroe-
214 PUCCINIA DIGIlAPUll)iS.<br />
cismal Uredine, and that the host which bears the iiredo and<br />
teleutospores is Phalaris arundinacea. Below is a condensed<br />
account of my observations.<br />
On June 13th, 1889, I appHed germinating spores of the<br />
^cidium to the leaves of Cunvallaria mnjalis, MoUnia ccEndea,<br />
Dactylis (jlomerata, and Phalaris arundinacea. When infected the<br />
plants were in a healthy condition, and each plant was dealt with<br />
in precisely the same way and covered by a bell-glass.<br />
The first indication of a result was on June 24th, 1889, when<br />
faint spots began to appear on the leaves of Phalaris arundinacea,<br />
from which developed, on June 29th, small reddish sori of uredospores.<br />
By July 4th several leaves were rusted over with uredo,<br />
and on July 17th the first black sorus of teleutospores was evident<br />
amongst the uredo. On Aug. 9th a great many of the black sori<br />
were conspicuous on the withering leaves.<br />
Not the least result followed on the Bactijlis, Convallaria , or<br />
MoUnia ; and I may also state that Mr. C. B. Plowright, of King's<br />
Lynn, infected Phragmites communis with spores of the jecidium I<br />
sent him, about the same time, but without result. With germinating<br />
uredospores— produced as above—I infected, on July 8th,<br />
two isolated plants of Phalaris arundinacea; both had developed<br />
uredo on July 24th, and on Aug. 11th the black sori of teleutospores<br />
began to show, which by Sept. 14th were numerous. During<br />
September I paid a visit to Bowness, Westmoreland,— a locality<br />
where the secidium was abundant on Convallaria the previous<br />
spring,—and found no trace of uredo or teleutospores on PJiragmitis,<br />
MoUnia, or Convallaria, but I'halaris arundinacea w^as infested by a<br />
Puccinia with here and there uredo still evident, which on microscopical<br />
examination were very similar to those I had produced<br />
artificially, and in some respects not unlike the teleutospores of<br />
Puccinia sessilis and P. phalaridis, both species of which occur on<br />
Phalaris arundinacea.<br />
A number of leaves containing the teleutospores were collected<br />
and placed under a bell-glass in a corner of my garden, where they<br />
remained undisturbed throughout the winter. Later on (Oct.),<br />
plants bearing artificially-produced teleutospores were similarly<br />
protected by a bell-glass and kept apart.<br />
During December, 1889, and January, 1890, several attempts<br />
were made to cause the teleutospores to germinate, by placing a<br />
number of sori in water, and keeping them in a temperature from<br />
60° F. to 70'= F., but without success.<br />
The first signs of germination v/ere on April 23rd, when a short<br />
promycelium was seen emitting from two of the teleutospores.<br />
Three days later germmation was more active, and at the end of<br />
April I commenced the following experiments, which had been<br />
carefully arranged beforehand :—<br />
1. April 30th. — Actively germinating teleutospores from Phalaris<br />
arundinacea were applied to the leaves of Convallaria and<br />
Allium ursinum. On ]\Iay 8th spermogonia were visible on Convallaria,<br />
which were succeeded by recidium cups, many of the
PUCCINIA DIGEAPHIDIS. 215<br />
Spores from whicli were ripe and germinating on May 27tli. No<br />
result followed on Allium.<br />
2. May 5tb. — With artificially produced teleutospores and<br />
promycelium-spores from Phalaris, which were in a state of germination,<br />
I infected P. arinuUnacca, Covvalhoia, Allium, Arwii maculatum,<br />
Puli/(jonatum multijUirum, and Lilium bulldfenun.<br />
Spermogouia appeared on ConvaUaria on May 14th, and beyond<br />
slight yellowish spots appearing on Puhji/imatum, not the least<br />
result followed on Phalaris, Allium, Arum, or Lilium.<br />
3. May 12tli. — Orchis mascula, Gayea lutea. Allium Scorodoprasum,<br />
A. ursiimm, Scilla nutans, Poli/(/ouatum. officinale, P. inultiflomm.<br />
Arum maculatum, ConvaUaria majalis, and Phalaris arundinacca,<br />
were infected with germinating teleutospores and promycelium-spores<br />
from Bowness, with the result that spermogonia were<br />
developed on ConvaUaria on May 20th, and were succeeded by<br />
jecldium cups on June 6th, No result ensued on Allium, Arum, or<br />
any of the other species.<br />
4. May 22nd.—The last-mentioned experiment was repeated,<br />
additional plants of ConvaUaria being used, with the same results.<br />
Spermogouia were conspicuous by June 1st on ConvaUaria, but no<br />
result whatever on the other plants.<br />
5. May 27th.—Germinating tecidiospores from ConvaUaria were<br />
applied to the leaves of other plants of the same species. No<br />
results.<br />
6. May <strong>31</strong>st. Phalaris ariindinacea was infected with artificially<br />
produced a;cidiospores from ConvaUaria majalis. Result : on June<br />
18th red spots of uredo were conspicuous on the leaves.<br />
7.—Three plants of ConvaUaria from Bowness, infected by the<br />
fficidium, were planted on June 13th, 1889, and kept isolated.<br />
This year the plants are healthy, and up to the present time<br />
(June 19) are entirely free.<br />
Mr. Plowright* has also produced the fecidium on ConvaUaria, at<br />
King's Lynn, from teleutospores on Phalaris from Bowness.<br />
Puccinia digraphidis, n. sp.<br />
1. [JEcidium Convallaritr).—Pseudoperidia mostly hypophyllous,<br />
seated on whitish or yellowish circular spots, circiuating, or in<br />
small clusters, more elongated and irregular on the petiole, shortly<br />
cylindrical or nearly flat, margins white, torn. Spores sub-globose,<br />
epispore minutely verrucose, contents orange, 15-30 x 14-22 /x.<br />
On ConvaUaria majalis.<br />
2. Sori on yellowish spots, small, reddish brown, subrotund or<br />
linear, sometimes confluent, scattered or collected in groups,<br />
erumpent. Spores subglobose or elliptical, epispore finely punctate,<br />
orange-red. 20-DU/x. in diameter. On Phalaris arundinacca.<br />
8. Sori numerous, persistent, black, covered by epidermis, at<br />
first small, then linear, confluent, forming lines 1 to 3 mm. long<br />
on the leaves, longer on the sheaths. Spores brownish, smooth,<br />
very irregular, oblong, wedge-shaped, curved or elongate, apex of<br />
• Gard. Chron. May 24th, 1800, p f.13.
216 CHANGES AT KEW.<br />
upper cell thickened, rounded, truncate or obtuse, lower cell mostly<br />
attenuated, constriction slight. 42-52 x 19-22 /x. Pedicels very<br />
short or wanting. On Phalaris arundinacea.<br />
Nearly allied to P. sessilis, but distinguished by its larger<br />
teleutospores and different life-history.<br />
CHANGES AT KEW.<br />
The retirement of Professor Oliver from official connection with<br />
the Kew Herbarium could not be allowed to pass without notice<br />
and this was naturally felt more especially by those with whom he<br />
had been associated during his thirty years' connection with the<br />
Herbarium. It was therefore natural that they should have presented<br />
to him an address, embodying their feelings of attachment<br />
to the Professor and their appreciation of his work ; and this presentation<br />
took place at the Kew Herbarium on Saturday, May <strong>31</strong>st.<br />
Mr. J. R. Jackson, whose connection with Kew is of even longer<br />
duration, read the address, which was signed by the staff of the<br />
Herbarium and Museum, by representatives from the Gardens,<br />
and by one or two of the regular workers in the Herbarium.<br />
Although no longer officially connected with the Herbarium,<br />
Prof. Oliver is not abandoning the scene of his labours ; and his<br />
continued residence at Kew will enable him to attend periodically<br />
at the Herbarium, and to place at the disposal of the existing staff<br />
the encyclopaedic knowledge which he possesses of the plants of the<br />
world. It is earnestly to be hoped that the time may be far distant<br />
when it will be necessary to place on record an estimate of Prof.<br />
Oliver's completed work. None but those who have had the<br />
privilege of being officially associated with him can fully realise the<br />
unceasing industry, unflagging zeal, and unselfish devotion which<br />
he has brought to bear upon his work ; and it is no exaggeration<br />
to say that it is mainly owing to Professor Oliver that the Kew<br />
collection occupies the leading position which it takes among the<br />
herbaria of the world.<br />
It was of course obvious that the position thus vacated could<br />
only be filled by one man, and that is our esteemed contributor<br />
Mr. J. G. Baker, who has been associated with Prof. Oliver since<br />
1866. Mr. Baker has done more than anyone to bring together<br />
and systematise the scattered notices of the petaloid monocotyledones<br />
: his industry is indefatigable, and his knowledge extensive.<br />
The systematist and the horticulturist alike reckon Mr. Baker<br />
among their chief benefactors : his uniform kindness is known to<br />
all who have ever consulted him ; and to this Journal he has been<br />
a constant and valued contributor literally from the first, for a<br />
paper from his pen appears in our first number, that dated Jan.<br />
1st, 1864.<br />
Mr. Baker's place as first assistant in the Herbarium is filled by<br />
Mr. Hemsley, whom we can also claim as an early and present<br />
contributor to our pages. As far back as 1863, Mr. Hemsley was
SHORT NOTES. 217<br />
associated with Mr. Bentham in the preparation of the ' Flora<br />
AustraUensis,' and was referred to by the veteran botanist in the<br />
preface to that work as " a young but able assistant" in the Kew<br />
Herbarium. As is well known, a serious illness, which seemed at<br />
the time likely to disqualify him for further work, compelled<br />
Mr. Hemsley to resign his post in 18G7 ; but, fortunately for<br />
science, the termination proved satisfactory, and Mr. Hemsley has<br />
steadily advanced in work and knowledge. It is only necessary to<br />
refer to the botanical portion of the ' Biologia Centrali-America,'<br />
to the Botany of the ' Challenger,' and to the important Flora of<br />
China, now in course of publication, to show that Mr. Hemsley is<br />
fully qualified for the post which he now occupies, and for which<br />
his work in the Kew Herbarium for a long period of years has<br />
completely fitted him.<br />
That the three botanists—one in his honourable retirement,<br />
two in their new official positions—may long continue to pursue<br />
their career of distinguished usefulness is, w^e are sure, the sincere<br />
hope of all their fellow-workers, as it is that of the Editor of this<br />
Journal.<br />
SHOET NOTES.<br />
RuMEX PRopiNQuus J. E. Aresch., in Britain.—In Dr. Trimen's<br />
' Notes on some Scandinavian Plants ' (Journ. Bot., 1872, p. 333),<br />
this plant is mentioned as likely to occur in the north of Britain. A<br />
form gathered by me in Shetland in 1888 has recently been determined<br />
as this hybrid, and it will doubtless be found in many places<br />
on the mainland of Britain, where R. crispm and B. domesticiis<br />
grow together. The resemblance which the plant bears to R. conspersiis,<br />
pointed out by Dr. Trimen, may cause the plant to be<br />
sometimes overlooked. Although I was unable to determine the<br />
plant with certainty myself, and it seemed to me to differ from R.<br />
compenus, I have apparently distributed a few examples of it<br />
(No. 1027) under the latter name.—W. H. Beeby.<br />
Pavonia hastata Cav.—A plant with the habits of Ahutilon or<br />
Ilihisciis was growing in my grecnliouse, and I watched it for a long<br />
time, waiting to see its flowers expand ; but at length the buds (as<br />
I believed them to be) turned yellow, so I opened them by force (the<br />
sepals being united together), and found they contained fully grown<br />
seeds. I then examined apparently young buds, and found they<br />
contained little crumpled flowers (not much larger than a pin's<br />
head), in which the styles were bent back upon the few monadclphous<br />
stamens, so that the stigmas were pressed against the<br />
anthers ; seed was thus produced within the unopened petals and<br />
cohering sepals, which only open when the seeds are perfectly ripe.<br />
For some time the }'lant continued to produce such clandestine<br />
flowers. Then buds which could not be distinguished from thora<br />
opened and developed birgc pretty flowers, of a light pink<br />
colour, and an inch and a lialf in diameter. In these large flowers<br />
the styles stood erect on a long monadelphous column, upon which
2l8 SHORT NOTES.<br />
were clustered a large number of anthers. These flowers also produced<br />
seed. I could not discover any difference in the fertility of<br />
the seed. Plants came up freely from those of both forms. When<br />
the large flowers appeared I easily made the plant out to be P.<br />
Imstata, indigenous in Australia. So unlike are the two forms of<br />
flowers that this plant has not only been made into two species,<br />
but placed in distinct genera. Unlike other plants which produce<br />
clandestine flowers (generally I believe when they are exhausted at<br />
the end of the flowering season), P. Jiastata is first covered with the<br />
clandestine forms, and afterwards both are on the shrub together.<br />
Robert T. Fitzgerald.<br />
Lepidium Draba L., in South Wales.—This plant was formerly<br />
very abundant about Swansea, on the ballast banks by the river<br />
side, a few hundred yards northward from the pottery, where I<br />
observed it in 1839. On visiting Swansea in the month of August,<br />
1852, Mr. M. Moggridge and myself noticed it in several spots a<br />
little higher up the river, where it appeared perfectly naturalized.<br />
The natural range of the species extends over France to the<br />
English Channel. L. ruderale L., was observed occasionally on<br />
rubbish heaps about Neath and Swansea.— T. Bruges Flower.<br />
Carex tomentosa L., in E. Gloster. — To-day, June 12th, I<br />
gathered the above Sedge, in the locality near Fairford, discovered<br />
recently by the Rev. R. H. Wilmot, which he was kind enough to<br />
conduct me to. This is by no means a water or even a wet<br />
meadow, but an ordinary pasture field on a slight eminence. The<br />
plant was scattered over the field, but was especially fond of the<br />
damper furrows. Associated with it were Carex fidva Good., C.<br />
panicea, L., C. hirta L., C. Jiacca Schreb., and probably inland C.<br />
distans L. Mr. Wilmot has also found it in two other localities, one<br />
of them a roadside in the vicinity ; the latter locality being within<br />
two miles of the Oxfordshire boundary, in which county it will be<br />
doubtless found, now our attention is called to more suitable situations<br />
for search than water meadows. How its extirpation could<br />
have been referred to the drainage of the meadows I am unable to<br />
conjecture, since the plant flourishes well in the Oxford Garden in<br />
ordinary loam. The plate in E. B. gives little idea of the plant.<br />
G. Claridge Druce.<br />
Kent Plants.—I have recently met with the following, which<br />
are not given in the second edition of ' Topographical Botany,'<br />
though some of them are very common, and must have been<br />
frequently noticed by previous observers. E. Kent (v. c. 15) :—<br />
Ranunculus trichophylhis & R. Drouetii. Between Deal and Sandwich.—<br />
Viola permixta. Near Martin Mill. Ccrastium tctrandnun.<br />
Abundant near Queenboro', and between Deal and Sandwich<br />
Rubus rasticanus. About Deal, Cranbrook, &c. R. ccBsius x Id/cus<br />
(teste Babington). Ham Ponds. Myrloplujllum. alterniflonim. Ham<br />
Ponds. Hieracium murorum. Lanes N.E. of Hawkhurst. Gnapha-<br />
Hum uliyinosum, var. pilulare (teste Becby). Dry soil, Chiddenden<br />
Woods, near Cranbrook. Salix aurita. Chiddenden Wood. Festuca<br />
rubra, var. pruinosa Hackel. Base of the cliffs, St. Margaret's
SHORT NOTES. 2id<br />
Bay. Mr. G. Dowker has also sent me Carex chnjsites Liuk.<br />
(C. CEderi auct. plur.), from near Sandwich. W. Kent (v. c. 16) :<br />
Viola permixta. Woodson Morant's Court Hill.— V. Rcichcnhachiana.<br />
Woods near Shoreham, and near Chislehurst. Rubiis rusticamis.<br />
Dmiton Green, Chislehurst, Cranbrook, &c. Epilohium obscarwn.<br />
About Cranbrook and Hawkhurst. Epipactis latij'olia. Woods near<br />
Shoreham. Edward S. Mabsiiall.<br />
ScAPANiA PLANiFOLiA Hook.—Good specimeus of this rare and<br />
fine species were collected last April in the neighbourhood of<br />
Borrowdalc, Cumberland, by Dr. Carrington and myself. This is<br />
the first record for England. It was originally published by<br />
Dillenius, who received it from Snowdon (Dill. Hist. Muse. p. 493,<br />
n. 21, 1741), " Lichenastrum auriculatum Ornithopodii minoris<br />
pinnatis cihatis." The late Prof. Lindberg, who had the opportunity<br />
of examining the Dilleuian Herbarium, confirms the opniiou<br />
that fig. 71, t. 21, represents Scapania planifolia (Lindb. Hep.<br />
Utvec. p. 34, 1877). Withering, in his ' Botanical Arrangement of<br />
all Vegetables growing in Great Britain,' vol. ii. p. C9o, 1776,<br />
names it Jumjermannia ornithopodoides, and Dr. Carrington says :—<br />
" If it were not that one held to the opinion that it is unwise to<br />
disturb a well-established name, one would not hesitate to reinstate<br />
Withering's specific name." Its distribution is somewhat singular;<br />
it is found on mountains in the South of Ireland and Scotland ; no<br />
other station has been verified for it in Europe. The Scapania<br />
pinnifulia Hook, of Hiiben. Hep. Germ. p. 228, described as being<br />
found in different parts of Germany, belongs to a form of Scapania<br />
iindulata speciosa Nees (Syn. Hep. p. (i6), or partly to Scapania<br />
nemorosa (Nees, Eur. Leb. 11, p. 434). Fine specimens of this<br />
species have been coUected in the Sandwich Islands—Maui—open<br />
swampy ground, 6000 ft., D. D. Baldwin, 1875 ('Planta3 Hawaiienses,'<br />
n. 83), and Mr. Mitten records it from the East Indies<br />
(Proc. Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. v. 1861). These English specimens<br />
will be distributed in the forthcoming Fasciculus of ' Hepatica3<br />
Britannicae Exsiccatte.'—W. H. Pearson.<br />
PoTAMOGETON FALCATus. — This spcciGS has grown during the<br />
present year under unusually favourable conditions, in water of<br />
suflicient and fairly uniform depth. Consequently I find a remarkable<br />
return of apparent varieties to the origmal typical form, which<br />
was first found growing in a deeper part of the ditch than the<br />
doubtful states of the species inhabited. Some of these states,<br />
only first noticed last autumn, I had felt inclined to refer to<br />
P. heteroplniUns, and one or two seemed to approach P. varians very<br />
closely. But early in the present month I found all these forms,<br />
by growing in deeper water, had reverted to true P. falcatus. Many<br />
of the plants were just throwing up their flower-spikes, and I was<br />
more than ever struck with tlie resemldance this immature state<br />
of the species bore to plants of P. nitnis then under cultivation<br />
in my garden. Anxious to obtain a furtlier opinion on the specific<br />
value of my proposed segregate, I submitted living specimens to<br />
Mr. N. E. Brown, of Kcw, who has most kindly sent me tho
220 NOTICES OF nooKs.<br />
following opinion: — "Having carefully cxaniinod it [P. fulaitm]<br />
and couiparod it organ with organ, I quite fail to find any mark of<br />
distinction whereby it can bo separated from Potamofjcton nUena ; it<br />
seems to me to agree precisely with that species."—N. E. Brown<br />
in litt. Juno 11th, 1890. In this opinion I most thorow/hlij
ABTICI-ES IN JOUBKALR. 221<br />
can hardly be accepted as a trastwortby test. The red colour<br />
at the base of the plants of Lolium perenne is often very striking,<br />
but it is not always present, and in some eases the colour approaches<br />
more to the shade which Mr. McAlpine attributes to Alvpecuttts<br />
praUnm. In this the colour is even less marked, and it is only<br />
after ei:.<br />
be distiL. ,L<br />
The identification of the grasses by the leaf- structure is, of<br />
course, much more satisfactory, but this needs too minute examin-<br />
' ' 2: a large number of plants that the grey colour can<br />
ation to be of much practical value to any but the scientific<br />
expert. For accurate determination one of the most important<br />
parts of tlie leaf is the ligule, which usually bears characteristic<br />
differences in each species ; but to determine the constituents of a<br />
ten acre field, by examining the ligule of every plant, would be too<br />
great an undertaking even for a scientific farmer. Mr. McAlpine's<br />
woodcuts of the structure of our British grasses, with the exception<br />
of those from Btecker and Lund, are rather rough, and in some<br />
cases, especially in the sketches of the apices of blades, do not<br />
gire much help in the work of identification. In the sketch of<br />
lyAiuin ptrt-nne, the Hgule seems to be nearly absent, whereas it is<br />
usually from \ to 1^ mm. in length. Mr, McAlpine must, however,<br />
be congratulated in being the first in this country to bring forward<br />
this difficult subject in a more or less practical form ; and though<br />
the process of determining the different species is not so easy as it<br />
seems from reading Mr. McAlpine's book, yet his handbook will no<br />
doubt lead many to discover for themselves means of differentiating<br />
the constituents of our pastures at any season of the year.<br />
J. B. Cakbutheks.<br />
ARTICLES IK JoUKNAnS.<br />
Hot. CmtraUjlatt (Nos. 21-25). — E. Biinger, ' Beitrage zur<br />
Anatomie der Laubmooskapsel.'—J. Boll, ' Ueber die Warnstorf sche<br />
Jcufi7&?4MOT-gruppe der europaischen Torfmoose.' — (Nob. 21,22).<br />
J, Boehm, ' Ueber Ursache der Wasserbewegung in transpirirenden<br />
Pflanzen.' — iNo. 24). M. Kronfeld, ' Schaftblatter bei<br />
Taraxacum officinale.'<br />
Botanical Gazette {^ia.y).—B. D. Halbted, ' Bifunens of Solanace^<br />
' (1 —G. Vasey, ' A new gratio ' {likachiJosjxruniiii, gen. nov.,<br />
1 .-. ,. —W. J. Beal, , ' Grasses in tbe wrong genus.'— J. N. Kose,<br />
•Noteu on Perilyle' (1 plate). — 'An International Congress of<br />
• L :%.''—C. Ma M of light to epinasty in S"/rt«Mm<br />
t, I.' — O. ixj^uiiaiu, .>Viv.
222 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON,<br />
nov. hybr.' — R. Sernaiider, 'Nagra bidrag till den norrlandska<br />
kalktuff-fioran.'<br />
Bot. Zeitmvi (Nos. 18, 19). — L, Jost, ' Die Erneuerungsweise<br />
von Coyi/dalis sotida.' — (Nos. 20, 21). Fr. Hildebraud, ' Einige<br />
Beitrage zur Pflanzenteratologie.' — (Nos, 22-24). J. W. 0.<br />
Goetbart, ' Beitrage zur Kenntuiss des Malvaceen-Androecceums<br />
(1 plate).<br />
Bull. Torreij Bot. Club (May). — D. H. Campbell, • Studies in<br />
Cell-division' (2 plates). — N. L. Britton, 'Naming of "Forms"<br />
in New Jersey Catalogue.'—.D. C. Eaton, Buxbaumia indusiata.<br />
Gardeners'' Chronicle (May <strong>31</strong>). — Bulbophxjllum lemniscatoides<br />
Rolfe, n. sp. — Abies bracteata (fig. 112). — (Jmie 7). Lathyrus<br />
Sibthorpii, Baker, Zygopetalum Jorisianum. Rolfe, Scaphosepalum<br />
antenniferuni Holie, spp. nn. — 'Tuberous brancbes '<br />
(fig. 116).<br />
(June 14). C. T. Druery, 'Notes from Mexico.' — N. E. Brown,<br />
' Cdtasetum Bwu/erothi.'— ' Tbe Tbeory of Heredity.' — (Jmie 21).<br />
A. L. Kean, ' Tbe Lily Disease.'— ' Disa tripetaloides' (fig. 127).<br />
Journal de Botaniqne (16 April).—Drake del Castillo, ' Flore du<br />
' Tonkin' (CupulifercB—2 plates). . Hue, Licbens do Cauisy.'—<br />
' (May). B. Balausa, Graminees de I'lndo-Cbine francaise<br />
{Brousemichea, Massia, n. g.). — C. Sauvageau, ' Structure des<br />
feuilles des plantes aquatiques.' — P. Hariot, ' Trentepohlid.'— N.<br />
Patouillard, 'Fragments mycologiques.'—(June). E. Bescberelle,<br />
'Flore bryologique du Tonkin.' — H. Douliot, ' Dcveloppement de<br />
la tige des Coniferes.'<br />
La Nuova Notarisia (15 June). — G. B. De-Toni, ' Frammenti<br />
algologici.' — Id., Biograpliy of Ferdinand Hanck (29 April 1845-<br />
21 Dec. 1889).— ' Diagnoses Algarum novarum.'<br />
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (June). — M. Willkomm, ' Neue und<br />
kritiscbe Pflanzen der Spauiscb-portugiesiscben u. baleariscben<br />
Flora.' — K. Bauer, 'Zur Pbanerogamenflora der Bukowina.'<br />
J. Freyn, ' PlantEe Karoanas.' — R. R. v. Wettstein, Sambiicus<br />
Gantschii, sp. n. (^ S. Ebulus Hook. f. & Tboms., non L.). — J.<br />
Dorfler, ' Zur Gefasskryptogamenflora der Bukowina,'<br />
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
May 24, 1890.— Anniversary Meeting. Mr. W. Carrutbers,<br />
F.R.S., President, in tbe cbair.—Messrs. W. West, J. B. Carrutbers,<br />
and J. Sidney Turner were admitted Fellows.—Tbe Treasurer presented<br />
bis Annual Report, duly audited, and tbe Secretary baving<br />
announced tbe elections and deatbs of Fellows during tbe past year,<br />
tbe President proceeded to deliver bis Annual Address, taking for<br />
bis subject " Tbe early bistory of some of tbe species of plants now<br />
constituting a portion of tbe Flora of England." He dealt in tbe<br />
first place witb tbe researcbes of Mr. Clement Reid, wbose discoveries<br />
in tbe glacial deposits now number 130 species. These,
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON. 228<br />
tliougli doubtless only a portion of the plants wliicli took possession<br />
of the island as its ice-covering disappeared, suilice to give us a<br />
general idea of the vegetation. Mr. Carruthers referred to the<br />
labours of H. C. Watson and E. Forbes in connection ^Yith the<br />
geographical distribution of our existing Flora, and cited the<br />
observations of Darwin, J. D. Hooker, and Hemsley, on insular<br />
Floras, with the more recent ones of Dr. Treub on the beginnings<br />
of vegetation at Krakatao, as showing that, in the case of new<br />
islands, whether of coral or volcanic origin, the first vegetation is<br />
borne by water and air-currents. Returning to our own island,<br />
Mr. Carruthers gave a sketch of its condition when the first members<br />
of our present Flora made their appearance. " The Tertiary<br />
Period had closed. Only in the immediately preceding Upper<br />
Cretaceous rocks had there been any association of species in a<br />
Flora analogous to the geographical groups of our own day. The<br />
plants that have been discovered in the Eocene beds possess the<br />
facies of a tropical Flora ; the Miocene plants indicate a slight<br />
decrease in temperature, and this continues till we reach the subtropical<br />
Flora of the Pliocene. Then there appeared a remarkable<br />
change in the climate, and the Pliocene plants perished before the<br />
advancing boreal cold. The Pliocene plants do not belong to the<br />
same genera, seldom even to the same orders, as the Flora which<br />
follows ; and they conld not consequently have any ancestral rela-<br />
tion to it. The cold that drove before it the subtropical vegetation<br />
was the forerunner of the ice age. Advancing in front of the ice,<br />
the first representatives of our existing Flora reached us from the<br />
north, where they had not however long established themselves,<br />
seeing that the tropical and subtropical floras of the Tertiary Period<br />
flourished far within the arctic circle. The remains of these<br />
earliest members of our present vegetation are buried in the Cromer<br />
Forest bed with the bones of the extinct mammoth, the rhinoceros,<br />
the hippopotamus, and the cave-bear, and of the still living horse,<br />
red-deer, beaver, mole, &c. Only in a single case has it been<br />
impossible to correlate what appear to be empty follicles with the<br />
corresponding parts of an existing plant ; and it is possible these<br />
fruits may represent an extinct species, though the imperfect<br />
materials could not justify our asserting this without great reserve.<br />
Three of the species are no longer members of our existing Flora,<br />
though they still persist, like the beaver, in other lands."<br />
Mr. Carruthers proceeded to enumerate and group geographically<br />
the 53 species of plants found in the Cromer beds, which, with two<br />
exceptions, Salix polar in and Jli/iniuni tHi(fc.sccns, belong to the<br />
Germanic type of our Flora. Two of the Cromer plants, Trapa<br />
iiiiUtiis and I'niuH ^lliiis, liave lieen lost to us, driven from our laud<br />
befcn'e the advancing cold, and having failed to return when the ice<br />
retreated.<br />
After further remarks on distribution, Mr. Carruthers concluded<br />
as follows :<br />
" Various estimates have been made of the centuries that have<br />
run their course since the glacial epoch. Beyond the date at<br />
which man began to record time we can have no definite informa-
224 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
tion. We can trace the succession of events, but the statements of<br />
the time required to bring about these events are based on deductions<br />
from the accompanying or resultant physical or biological<br />
phenomena, and must differ according to the estimate of the various<br />
observers. So all the interval between our own day and the glacial<br />
epoch is, as we express time, very great, though small relatively to<br />
the history of the globe. It must, however, be admitted to represent<br />
an appreciable fraction of the time that has elapsed since we<br />
meet with the first record of dicotyledonous plants in the earth's<br />
strata. As we have seen, the species constituting the British Flora<br />
tlien possessed all the characters which are now used to distinguish<br />
them as independent species. For instance, the somewhat minute<br />
peculiarities which separate SaU.v Jwrbacea from *S'. polarLi were<br />
present in the plants which grew in glacial times in Britain, and<br />
they have not been added to or even intensified in the living plants<br />
of the two species, although the changed physical environment has<br />
driven the one north, within the arctic circle, and the other to the<br />
tops of the higher mountains. And what is true of these two<br />
Willows is true of all the other plants which have hitherto been<br />
discovered in the glacial beds. The mosses and ferns, the gymnosperms<br />
and angiosperms, exhibit the same characters, without<br />
addition or modification, as their living descendants."<br />
On a ballot taking place for new members of Council, the<br />
following were declared to be elected :— Dr. P. H. Carpenter,<br />
Dr. J. W. Meiklejohn, Mr. E. B. Poulton, Dr. D. Sharp, and<br />
Prof. C. Stewart. On a ballot taking place for President and<br />
officers, the following were declared to be elected:— President,<br />
Prof. Charles Stewart; Secretaries, B. D. Jackson and W. P.<br />
Sladen ; Treasurer, Frank Crisp. — The Linnean Society's Gold<br />
Medal for the year 1890 was then formally awarded and presented<br />
to Professor Huxley for his researches in Zoology.<br />
June 5. — Prof. Charles Stewart, President, in the chair.<br />
Messrs. Harvey Gibson and W. F. Kirby were admitted and Messrs.<br />
W. H. Beeby and S. Gasking were elected Fellows of the Society.<br />
—The President then nominated as Vice-Presidents for the year<br />
Messrs. W. Carruthers, P. Martin Duncan, J. G. Baker, and F.<br />
Crisp. — Mr. H. Little exhibited and made some remarks upon a<br />
remarkable Aroid, AmorphDphallus titanum, which had flowered for<br />
the first time in this country. — Mr. James Groves exhibited a<br />
specimen of an Orohanche parasitic upon a Pelarf/oniiDii. — The<br />
following papers were then read and discussed :—Mr. G. F. Scott<br />
Elliot, " On a collection of plants made by him in Madagascar";<br />
Eev. G. Henslow, " On Weismann's Theory of Heredity applied to<br />
plants"; Mr. Harvey Gibson, " On the development of the tetrasporangia<br />
in RlKthducorton EutJiii, Naegeli"; "On the position of<br />
Chantransia, with a description of a new species, by Mr. George<br />
Murray and Miss E. Barton"; Miss A. L. Smith, "On the development<br />
of the cystocarp in CiiUophijllls laciniaUi "; and Mr. J. B.<br />
Carruthers, " On the cystocarps of some genera of Floridere."
225<br />
NOTES ON PONDWEEDS.<br />
By Alfrkd Fryer.<br />
PoTAMOGETON cRispus L. — Rootstock terete, slender, creeping,<br />
shallow-rooting ; stem compressed, obscurely quadrangular, guttered<br />
on the flattened sides, rounded on the edges ; simple below,<br />
branched above, and with short branchlets springing from the axil<br />
of each leaf on the main stem. Leaves all similar, strap-shaped,<br />
oblong, alternate, or sometimes opposite at the base of the branches<br />
and in the upper part of the stem, rounded and semi-amplexicaul,<br />
or slightly narrowed and sessile at the base ; struwjli/ unduhded,<br />
crisped, serrulate, blunt, or narrowed towards the apex, without a<br />
distinct mucro, flat and very finely serrulate on young submerged<br />
growths ; with three prominent ribs, upper with two fainter ribs<br />
near the margin connected by distant oblique veins ; brownish<br />
green, tinged with red or purple or bright green, translucent,<br />
shining, somewhat horny. Stipules small, very short, lacerated at<br />
the apex, scarious, not persistent. Peduncles slightly curved,<br />
springing from the forks of the branches, or lateral, rarely subtended<br />
by opposite leaves, compressed like the stem, but not channelled<br />
except in tlie slightly tapering upper part ; as long as or longer<br />
than the subtending foliage. Spike short, few-flowered. Drupelets<br />
(fresh) acuminate, with a lou'j beak equalling or exceeding the nut<br />
central keel sVujhtlij n-imjed and crested, with a conspicuous jieshy tooth<br />
at the base almost parallel with the axis of the fruit, lateral ridges<br />
obscure, blunt. Whole plant submerged except the spikes, which<br />
are sustained for some time above the water even when in fruit.<br />
P. cri.spns is easily distinguished from all hitherto described<br />
British pondweeds by its compressed stem, and by its remarkably longbeaked<br />
fleshy fruit ; also, in the ordinary state, by its strongly undulated<br />
crisped leaves. It is rarely, however, that the leaves are so conspicuously<br />
curled as in the specimen represented in 'English Botany<br />
(ed. 3, pi. 1413) ; I have only once collected this extreme state.<br />
The plant begins to grow in late autumn, and continues growing<br />
throughout the winter ; the youug shoots, especially on the deeply<br />
submerged barren branches, liave flat and narrow leaves, which<br />
liave much the appearance of those of P. obtus[folius or of P. Friesii,<br />
but may be known from those of all the species of " graminifolii " by<br />
their finely serrulate but not jinttencd margins, and the branches by<br />
their compressed stems. Authors generally consider that Hudson's<br />
P. serratus {P. crispus var. serratus Lond. Cat. ed. 8) was founded<br />
on this young state of P. cris/ius ; perhaps, however, it would be<br />
better to restrict the name of P. serratus to a small flat-leaved form<br />
of the species which is distinguished by its finely serrulate flat,<br />
narrow, strap-shaped leaves even whun the plant is in fruit.<br />
Possibly this form may be a true variety of crLfjius ; but, as far as 1<br />
have been able to observe it in the Fens, where in some districts it<br />
is common, it is more probably a .
226 NOTES ON PONDWEEDS,<br />
occupied space on tlie surface of the water, the leaves become<br />
crisped and undulated to some extent ; but further observations<br />
are needed to decide the question of state or variety. In relation<br />
to this question it may be explained that Pondweeds have two<br />
usual modes of defence against competing vegetation : one is by<br />
producing narrow grass-like leaves which can exist in a crowd, the<br />
other by developing broad coriaceous floating leaves, which, involute<br />
in vernation, are enabled to pierce through the dense surface<br />
growths, and thtn, expanding, are able to smother such plants as<br />
are incapable of rising above the surface of the water. In the first<br />
mode they imitate F. pccthiatus, in the second P. natans, the two<br />
extremes of the genus in most arrangements. In another respect,<br />
too, F. ciispm has some resemblance (or perhaps some reversion)<br />
to the pectinatus-gron]), that is, in early growths, made from<br />
November to January ; many of the lower leaves are adnate, being<br />
sessile on the backs of the stipules. These adnate leaves are flat<br />
and narrow, but in other respects resemble the ordinary leaves of<br />
the species, and are of common though not universal occurrence ;<br />
as many as two to six are to be met with on the main stem, and<br />
from one to three on the branches. Like the stipules they are<br />
very fugitive, and therefore cannot be found on the more mature<br />
growths. Although most frequent in the winter, they are occasionally<br />
produced throughout the year, especially on the young<br />
branchlets springing from the axils of the lower leaves. These<br />
adnate lower leaves have already been noticed in P. Friesii, P.<br />
perfoluitus, P. proilomjus, P. GriJJithii, P. decipiens, P. Zizii, P.<br />
coriaceus, P. heterophyllus, P. nitens, P. ritfescexs, P. phmta/^ineus,<br />
and P. fiuitans. Probably they will be found to occur in all the<br />
other British species ; they should be looked for when the plants<br />
are growing under adverse conditions ; forms which are probable<br />
hybrids seem especially liable to produce them.<br />
I would also call attention to the remarkable fact of the fruitspikes<br />
being borne above the surface of the water. As a rule, the<br />
fruits of Potaviogeton seem to be matured under water, in some<br />
species even after the decay of the stems in autumn ; full observations<br />
on this point are much needed, and require to be made year<br />
after year, as there are some indications that the season and<br />
manner of ripening the fruit is not constant in the same species.*<br />
Chamisso and Schlechtendal (' Linnea,' v. 2, p. 187) remark that<br />
the fruits are often abortive ; this species, however, possesses a<br />
peculiar way of propagation by means of thyrsiform winter-buds,<br />
which form in the axils of the leaves, and which are produced in<br />
such numbers as to render the plant able to diffuse itself through a<br />
large sheet of water in less time than any other species can do by<br />
seed. These winter-buds are horny in texture, and have probably<br />
greatly aided the<br />
the world.<br />
dispersion of P. crispus over the greater part of<br />
There is no species of Potamogeton which will better reward<br />
careful investigation ; easily recognised by the beginner, there is<br />
* Probably the fruit of P. crispun is matured under water, but it seems to be<br />
less deeply submerged than that of most species, and liable to ireijuent exposure<br />
to the air, a condition wliicli the thick eoiky drupelets can sustain without injury.
NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS. 227<br />
no danger of confusing it with any other species, and, as it is in<br />
active growth throughout the year, it affords matter for ahnost<br />
daily observation. Perhaps no botanist, however skilful, can grasp<br />
the idea of a "species" in the genus Putumo(jeton who has not<br />
watched the growth of some one form throughout one year at least.<br />
At the end of that time he will have been able to observe enough<br />
of the wonderful changes these plants undergo to enable him to<br />
correct to some extent the false conclusions to which such dried<br />
specimens as are usually found in herbariums would otherwise<br />
infallibly lead him.<br />
/'. crispus is abundant throughout all the Fen-land water, and<br />
is probably to be met with in every county in Great Britain.<br />
NOTES ON OXFOED PLANTS.<br />
By G. Claridge Druce, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
Four j^ears having elapsed since the publication of the Oxfordshire<br />
Flora, it may be well now to place upon record some of the<br />
additions which have been made.<br />
For the Ouse district, which had been imperfectly explored,<br />
Mrs. Worley sent a list of plants noticed by her about Hethe, which<br />
included some interesting species. Two of them, (rfnista aiKjUca<br />
and Vaccinium Myrtillus, I have hitherto not been fortunate enough<br />
to meet with in the county. They are exceedingly rare in the<br />
locality where they were noticed by Mrs. Worley, relics probably of<br />
an ericetal vegetation now almost destroyed.<br />
The species additional to the county are marked *. The<br />
numbers following the localities denote the divisions, as defined in<br />
the ' Flora.'<br />
Adonis autumnalis L. Colonist. Cottesford, Mrs. Worley, 2.<br />
lUmuncidus acris L., var. mnltifidus DC. Chinnor 7. — R.<br />
Fhiiiivnila L. Cottesford, Mrs. Worley, 2. — Var. Iatifi)lins Wallr.<br />
lleadington Wick, 4.—Var. uvatns DC. Pond near Nettlebcd, 7.<br />
U. /trtcro/jhyllus Web. Pond near Witney, 5.<br />
IJcilchorus viridis L. Our plant appears to be the H. occidentalis<br />
Rcuter, the glabrous form of aggregate H. viridis L., but which,<br />
perhaps, may be better described as var. occidentalis (Rent.).<br />
Deljdiinium Ajacis Reich. Bayswater, Rev. F. Woods. Plentiful<br />
in a field near Summer town, 4.<br />
Nitiiilii<br />
Worley, 2.<br />
damasceim L. Casual. Corn-fields near Hetho, Mrs.<br />
Siimjduca alba L. Was first recorded as an Oxford plant in<br />
Lobel, 157G.<br />
i'ajiaccr li/ucaslj.—Var. rn/nrii mihi is not infrequent on sandy<br />
soils as at Headi)igton, 4 ; Radlcy, ; Ipsdcn, Goring, and l-Jartoii,<br />
7. A plant witli decumbent stem and pale flowers is pru1)ably the<br />
var. Iluuhidci Vig. It occurred on waste ground near the gasworks,<br />
Oxford, 5.<br />
w 2
228 NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS.<br />
*Fumana jmlliiliflora Jord. Appeared as a casual on some<br />
rubbish-heaps near the gas-works iu 188G.<br />
Xastitrtium nmpldhiuin Br.— Var. xaricefolium DC. Osney, 5.<br />
Var. indirisum DC. South Stoke, 7.<br />
Ciirdamine hirsuta L., var. muUicaulis Hoppe. Near Upper<br />
Heyford, 4.<br />
Sisi/)nbriu)n Suphia L. Once not infrequent in the county ; I<br />
met with it for the first time on rubbish-heaps near Portmeadow,<br />
5, in 1889. A MS. note in a copy of Lyte's ' Herbal,' recently<br />
acquired by the Bodleian, gives " it as upon olde walls about Oxford<br />
everywheare." Tiiis herbal contains some valuable notes on Oxford<br />
plants. They were made evidently by a Fellow of Magdalen<br />
College, since he alludes to ujire cloister and our grove, while he<br />
calls New College by its name. There is no other college^ I<br />
believe, which possesses both a cloister and grove. The writer<br />
had visited Italy, for he alludes to plants gathered there. It is<br />
very probable that they were written by Wm. Browne, joint author<br />
with the elder Bobart of the first catalogue of the Oxford garden<br />
plants.<br />
Brassica Sinapis Vis. Both varieties, i.e., onentalis Gaud, and<br />
leiocarpa occur.<br />
Lychnis Git/uq/o Scop. Cottesford, Mrs. Worley, 2.<br />
Silene nnglica L. Still occurs about Headington Wick, 4.<br />
Cerastiuin, seinidecandram L., var. ijlandalusum Koch. Near Stow<br />
Wood, 4.<br />
Arenaria tenuifolia L. Cemetery-wall, Osney, 1866, 5. An<br />
interesting case of persistence. Sibthorp recorded it as growing on<br />
the walls of Rewley Abbey. This has long since been demolished,<br />
but the plant still, as the above record shows, continues in the<br />
vicinity. It is a local and rather rare plant in the county. South<br />
Stoke, on village wall, 7.<br />
Sagina ciliata Fries. Kingham, 5.<br />
'^Linum angustifolium Huds. At Cottesford, among dead grass,<br />
one year only, Mrs. Worley, 2. ? Casual.<br />
Hypericum Elodes L. Mr. Boswell believes Mr. Fox must have<br />
made an error when he recorded this for Headington Wick in 1857.<br />
It certainly has not since been seen.<br />
Acer campestre L. The var. hebecarpum DC. appears to be the<br />
common plant.<br />
G. cohimbimim L. I find, from Bobart's herbarium, that his<br />
record referred, in the 'Flora of Oxford,' to this plant, really belongs<br />
to G. dissectum L.<br />
Oxalis AcetoseUa L. Shelswell, Mrs. Worley, 2.—Var. lilacina<br />
lleichb. Stokenchurch Wood, 7. Leighton says the var. purpxirea<br />
retains its colour in cultivation.<br />
Cytisus scoparius Link. Shelswell Wood, Mrs. Worley, 2. I<br />
cannot follow Mr. Daydon Jackson in his statement that "the<br />
genus Genista, as defined by Bentham and Hooker, includes Harothamnus<br />
Wimm."<br />
Genista anylica L. Hardwick Heath, Mrs. Worley, 1884, 2.<br />
G. tincfnrid L. Checkendon, Rev. C. Abbey, 7.
NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS. 229<br />
Mc(lico(/o lujiuUna L., var. scahra Gnay. Iffley, G. This form,<br />
which has glandular hairs on the fruit, appears to be rather scarce.<br />
Melilotus ojficiniilis Lamlc. Crowell, Goring, 7. M. indicu All.<br />
Shotover brick-yard, 6. Only a casual. — *Jl/. an-ensis Wallr.<br />
On rubbish-heaps near Portmeadow, 1889.<br />
Tri/olinin pratense L. Miller's T. sativum was reduced by<br />
Afzelius, iu 1790, to a variety, who must therefore be quoted as tlie<br />
author, not Syme. — T . incaniatum L. ; i\\Q \h.y. straniimmni Presl<br />
occurred with the type at Bcnsington, G.<br />
Heath, 1888, 2.<br />
T.Jili/onnelj. Hardwick<br />
Lotus tenuis Kit. Bullingdon Bog, 1889, 6.<br />
Lnt/ii/rns syln'.stris h. Abundant on some quarries near Kirt-<br />
lington Station, 4. — L. jirdtensis L. The hairy form, var. villo.sns<br />
Schleich,, also occurs near Oxford, &c. L. Aphaca L. Appeared as<br />
a casual in North Oxford, L. Lester, 5.<br />
Vicia htthi/niidfis L. Lower Goring Road, Rev. C. Abbey, 7.<br />
I'ruiiu.s ariuin L. Cottesford, 2.<br />
Iluhus rosuceus Bluff et Fing. Allbury, G. li. suherectus Anders.<br />
A nanie clearly antedated by that of //. ncxscnsh Hall. The Shotover<br />
plant is not this species, which is still lacking forOxon. ''H. aifmis<br />
W. et N., var. cordifulius Bab, Headiugton Wick, 4 ; Shotover, G.<br />
— li. m
230 NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS.<br />
f. aprica Brnern, 5.— f. annua. Headington, 6. E. juilmtre L.,<br />
var. lineare Kraus. Headington, 1886, 4. — f. ramosa. Otmoor,<br />
Oxon, 4.<br />
Hippuris vulgaris L. — A submerged state, the var. fiuviatilis<br />
Roth also occurs ; it is Bauhin's Equisetum pahistre, Linarm scopari/B<br />
folio.<br />
^tlnisa Cynapitiyn L., var. arjrestis Wahr. Not infrequent in<br />
stubble-fields about Oxford.<br />
Anthriscus vulyoris Pers. Charlton, Eogers, 4 ; Minster Lovell,<br />
on the ruins, 5 ;<br />
Dr. Ayres in Hb. Baxter, G.<br />
Satndix Pecten veneris L. The primary leaves are linear, much<br />
resembling those of JSbjosurus.<br />
Cicuta virosa L. Mr. Fox was mistaken in thinking he had<br />
seen it between Bicester and Middleton ; I greatly doubt if the<br />
plant has ever been found in the county.<br />
Pimpinella major Huds., var. r^ihens Fleisch et Sind. Marston, 4.<br />
Fetroselmuiii segetum Koch. Bicester, 4 ; Cowley Road, 6 ; Aston<br />
Rowan t, 7.<br />
Galium saxatile L. Hardwick Heath, 2.<br />
Yalerianella carinata Lois. Chiselhampton, 6. V. rimosa Bast.<br />
Near Goring, 7.<br />
Scahiusa arvensis L., var. jnnnatijida Gray, var. integrifolia Gray.<br />
Bldens ccrmia L. Marston, 1886, H. E. Garnsey !, 4. — B.<br />
tripartita L., var. intrgra C. Koch. Marston.<br />
Senecio Jacokea Li., Y&r. jlosculusus Gray. Kirtlington, 4. S.<br />
rernalis W. et K., so named by Dr. Boswell, is not the plant<br />
of Waldst. et Kit, but a form or hybrid of S. squalidus. Our<br />
plant has glabrous stem and leaves. The true plant is decidedly<br />
hairy.<br />
Chrgsanthemum segetum L. Hethe, Rev. T. Martyn, 2.<br />
Gnaphalium uliginosum L,, var. G. pilulare Wahl. After<br />
examining many thousands of specimens I at last met with the<br />
above plant in a damp sandy field near Headington Wick, where<br />
several plants occurred amidst a profusion of the ordinary form. I<br />
suppose we should write it var. lasiocarpum Ledeb. ; see Fl. Ross,<br />
p. 6U9, vol. ii, " acheniis hispidulis." G. dioicum L. Watlington<br />
Hill!, Miss Smith, 1887, 7. A second locality for this very rare<br />
Oxford plant, if, indeed, it still exist, on Woodcote Heath— Sibthorp's<br />
locality—where I have sought in vain for it. In the above<br />
locality it is limited to a few yards in extent, and is on the chalk<br />
escarpment of the Chilterns, which I suggested was a likely place<br />
for it.<br />
Filago spathulata Presl. Headington, 6; near Stow Wood, 4.<br />
This will probably have to be referred to F. pgramidata Vill. — 1^\<br />
minima Fr. Fields near Stow Wood, 4.<br />
Solidago Virgaurea L. Checkendon, Rev. C. Abbey, 7. A third<br />
Oxon station.<br />
Pnlicaria dgsenterica Gaertn, var. longiradiatn mihi. Islip, &c.<br />
Cnicus arvensis Hoffm., var. setosus (Bess). River-side, Oxford,<br />
F. T. Richards !, 5, 1888.—Var. horridus (Wimm. et Grab.). Common.—<br />
Var. )iiiii.'i Koch. Marston, S^c.
\0T1CS ON OXrOKD PLANTS. 2<strong>31</strong><br />
Centaurea Cijanus L.' Cottesford, Mrs. Worley, 2. — C. solsti-<br />
tiaiisLt. Ardley and Chesterton, Rev. W. H. Draper, 4.<br />
Campanula Trac/icliuin L. Our plauthas the calyx hispid:^ the<br />
C. iirticifolia of Schmidt and var. dasycarpa Koch. A pedunculate<br />
form occurred at Headingtou Wick.<br />
Jasiunc niontana L. Headingtou Wick, W. Patey. Bayswater ;<br />
abundant, 4.<br />
Erica vinerea L. Beckley, W. Moyle Rogers, 4.<br />
Vaecinium Mi/rtilliis L. A small piece on Cottesford Home<br />
Plantation, Mrs. Worley, 2; wood near Heath End, Rev. C. Abbey<br />
(perhaps Sibthorp's locality), 7.<br />
IJi/jiopiti/s MuHutropa Crantz. Coomb Wood, Rev. A. East, G<br />
Kingston Wood, Mrs. Somervell, 7.<br />
Pyrola minor L. In Hb. Morison the sheet of PijroJa rotiinilifulia<br />
contains two specimens of P. minor, which may be the Oxford<br />
specimens gathered by Bobart.<br />
Gentiana
232 NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS.<br />
Bor. Noke, 4. M. hirsuta L., var. pedunculatd Pers. Marston, 4.<br />
— M. sativa L., var. crenata (Beck). Portmeadow, 5.— Var. Beneschiana<br />
(Opitz). Bruerne, 6 ; Caversham, 7.<br />
Chenopoditim rubrum L., var. pseudo-butryodes Wats., Noke, Eev.<br />
W. Moyle Eogers, 4 ; Foxcote, 5. C. iirbicumh. Near gas-works,<br />
1886, var. intermedium Bor., 5. (\ murale L. Abundant on waste<br />
ground near Portmeadow, and by canal-side, 1889, 5.<br />
to me in the latter locality by Mr. Eichards.<br />
Pointed out<br />
liumex muritimus L. Ditch near the gas-works, 1888 ; abundant<br />
on waste ground near Portmeadow, 1889, 5.<br />
Poliji/onnm mite Schranck, var. aui/iistifulia Braun. Marston ;<br />
with the form umbrosa Soelan, 4.<br />
Daphne Laureola L. Shelswell, Mrs. Worley, 2.<br />
Mercurialis annua L. Garden-ground at Oxford, very rare, 1889.<br />
Urtica dioicaJj., var. atwvirens Gren. et Godr. Marston.—Var.<br />
vncroiihylla Haussm. Oxford. See ' Eeport ofEecord Club, 1888.'<br />
— f. glabra Hartm. Stanton Harcourt.<br />
Salix viridis Fries. Cottesford, 2.<br />
Potamof/etuv cumpressus L., Spec. PI. ed. i. et Fl. Suec.= P.<br />
zostercp/olius Schum. South Stoke, 7.<br />
Epipactis lati/oHa All. Stokenchurch, 7. The type-plant.<br />
Spiranthcs autumnalis Eich. Hardwick Park, Wm. Holland!, 7.<br />
Orchis latifolia L. Cottesford, Mrs. Worley 1,2. — 0. incarnata<br />
L. Garsington, Eev. J. Bell I, 5. — O. ])yramidaiis L. Holton<br />
Quarries, 6.<br />
Eabenaria chloroleuca Eidley. Cottesford, Mrs. Worley, 2.<br />
Ojyhrys ajnfera Huds. Cottesford, Mrs. Worley, 2.<br />
*Folyyunatum vndtijiorum All. Probably native in Shierburu<br />
Woods, 7.<br />
Paris quadrijulia L. Coomb Wood, Eev. A. East, 6.<br />
Lilium Martayon L. Quite naturalised in Mrs. Pochin's park at<br />
Chiselhampton with Txdipa sylvestris.<br />
Gayea fascicularis Salisb. Near Banbury, Mr. Eendall, 3<br />
Middleton Stoney, F. E. Wilson, 1887, 4.<br />
Musc(tri cumosum Mill. One or two plants in a corn-field at<br />
Bullingdon Green, Miss Hodgson, 1888 !, 6. How introduced ?<br />
Colchicum autiimnale L. Hardwick, Mrs. Worley, 2.<br />
Schjnis Jiuitans L. Binfield Heath, 7.<br />
Carex paludosa Good, or C. acutiformis Elirh. Two-styled form<br />
in Headington Wick, Prof. Balfour. C. disticha Huds. First record<br />
Bobart, vide spec, in Hb. Morison, ex pratis ^Edis Christi.—Var.<br />
(ongibracteata Schleich. Bullingdon, 6. C. dioica L. Boggy ground<br />
near Islip, W. W. Saunders, 4. — C. Jiava L. In the Morison herbarium<br />
there is a specimen of this, labelled " Gr. cyperuidcs minimuin<br />
spica cassa simidici, llaii, Paludibus variis v. g. apud Hockley,<br />
aliisque putrido et spongioso solo baud longe ab Oxonio." The de-<br />
scription and accompanying figure in ' Historia,' iii. 244, are C. dioica.<br />
Bobart therefore precedes Blackstone as the discoverer of C. jiava in<br />
the county.— C. Goodenovii Gay = 6'. sUdonifera Hoppe, 1835. Was<br />
first found in Oxford by Tilleman Bobart; see Morison's Hist. iii.<br />
243, " in sylvarum planiticbus et carum margiuibus, in pascuis
NOTES ON OXFORD PLANTS. 233<br />
quoquG huraidioribus reporitur." — C. ridpina L. The forms var.<br />
decomposita Gray, oristata Gray, and acuta Gray have been noticed.<br />
Si'taria fjlaiica Beaxw. Waste ground, Oxford, 1886.<br />
*Panicum samjuinale L. Waste ground, Portmeadow, 1889, 5.<br />
Alopeciinis fulviis Sm. Near Ambrosden, 4. The second Oxford<br />
station.<br />
Milium effusum L. Chiselhampton, 6.<br />
Deschampsia aespitusa L,, var. pallida (Koch). Crowell Wood<br />
(the var. anjentea of Gray). — Var. paucijlora [suh Aria) Thuill.<br />
Aston Wood.<br />
Avena pubescens Huds. Cottesford ; Hardwick Heath, 2. — A.<br />
Park, Oxford, 4.<br />
Trisi'tum pratense Pers., var. lutcscens mihi, sub Arena Eeichb.<br />
pratenais L. Hardwick Heath, 2 ; The<br />
Mesopotamia, 4.<br />
Agrostis alba L., var.
234 ON SPAUGANIUM.<br />
Bhclmum spicant Eoth. Hookend, Rev. C. Abbey, 7.<br />
Laslrea dibttata Presl. Tusmore, 2.<br />
•- Pobjpodiwn Dri/optcris L. Woods on the Cbiltenis, 1887, 7<br />
see Journ. Bot. 1887, p. <strong>31</strong>4.<br />
Botrycliiam Lunaria L. Hardwick Heath, Mrs. Worley, 2. "In<br />
Stow Wood, not farre from a httle house called Stockers, where I<br />
have been shewed it by my ingenious friend Mr. ]V)ii. Browne."—<br />
Coles' ' Adam in Eden,' first record, 1657. " It groweth betweene<br />
2 olde Buttes going from Oxford to Heddingtou."—MS. note in<br />
Lyte. 4.<br />
Ophiof/Josswn miJfjatnm. L. Cottesford, Mrs. Worley ; Shelswell,<br />
Rev. T. Martyu, 2 ; Stoke Talmage, Miss Hamersley, G ; Beacon<br />
Hill, Miss Beatrice Taylor ; Checkendon, Rev. C. Abbey, 7.<br />
Lycopodiiaa Selat/n L. Shotridge Wood, Miss Smith and Miss<br />
Beatrice Taylor!, 1887, 7.<br />
'•'Toli/pella intricata Leouh. Marston, 4.<br />
Equisetum arvense L., var. nemorusum Braun. Godstow, 5.<br />
I am indebted to Mr. Arthur Bennett, Prof. Haussknecht, Prof.<br />
Hackel, M. Crepin, M. Barbey, Prof. Engler, Dr. Focke, Dr.<br />
Schonland, Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, F. Townsend, M.P., the Abbe<br />
Strail, Mr. J. G. Baker, Dr. Buchanan White, &c., for kind<br />
assistance.<br />
ON SPARGANIUM.<br />
By William H. Beeby.<br />
In previous papers I have dealt principally with the relationship<br />
existing between Sparganinm nimosum and S. nq/Iectum ; on the<br />
present occasion it is proposed to offer some remarks on the British<br />
species generally.<br />
The chief aim of my visit to Shetland, in 1886, was to ascertain<br />
whether there were present there any of the Scandinavian species<br />
of Sparganium beyond those at present known to occur in the British<br />
Islands ; one at least of which, S. hyperboreum Laest., growing<br />
as it does both in Norway and in Iceland, might reasonably<br />
be looked for in one or other of the lochs and tarns which<br />
occur so plentifully scattered over some of the larger of the<br />
hundred islands which form the Shetland group. Neither in that<br />
year, however, nor in visits made in the three subsequent years,<br />
were any of them detected ; and there would not now seem to be<br />
any great reason to expect an addition to the number of our species,<br />
unless as a rarity in some isolated locality. The above named<br />
plant is the one most likely to be found in Britain, and it might<br />
easily be passed over owing to its resemblance to S. viinimum Fries.<br />
The occurrence of S. jJmtans Fries may be regarded as next in<br />
order of probability, whilst the least likely of all to be found,<br />
judging by our knowledge of distribution, is S. natans L. With<br />
regard to this last name, it may not be out of place to state here<br />
clearly how the case really stands.
ON SPARGANIUM. 235<br />
The S. natansTi. Spec. Plant., is unquestionably an aggregate<br />
name, intended to include, so far as we can gather the purpose of<br />
Linne, all the floating forms ; and including, according to the<br />
synonymy given, two perfectly distinct species. (The object of<br />
previous notes on this name has not been to strongly advocate its<br />
retention, but rather to insist that the name must be applied as in<br />
Flo. Danica SuppL, or dropped altogether.) It has been remarked<br />
that the second and third synonyms quoted in the ' Species Plau-<br />
' tarum do not belong to the plant now known as S. natans L. ; this<br />
is true enough, for one at least of them belongs to S. viiniinuni<br />
Fries; and it maybe added that the S. natans of Linn. Herb, is<br />
also .S'. iiihwiniiii Fries, accompanied by a scrap which, when I<br />
examined the plants some six years ago, I was not able to determine<br />
with certainty. But when attempting to ascertain whether<br />
there exist any grounds on which an aggregate name can fairly be<br />
used in a segregate sense, it will hardly do to take into consideration<br />
tlie second and third synonyms while practically ignoring the first,<br />
all three of them belonging to the ante-binomial period. Now the<br />
first synonym quoted in the ' Species Plantarum' is Linne's own<br />
SpanjanUim foliis natantihxis i^lano-convexis, Flo. Lapp, ed, i. p. 271,<br />
at the time it was described, a new species. The description given<br />
in the ' Flora Lapponica '<br />
is, of course, not quite what would be<br />
written by a specialist in the genus at the present day ; still, so far<br />
as it goes, it may very well represent the plant now known as<br />
there is nothing in the description antagonistic to its<br />
S. natans L. ;<br />
use in this sense, while several characters given are quite distinctive.<br />
But there is another point in connection with the Flo. Lapp, plant<br />
which is of equal importance, wliile it does not admit of any doubt<br />
and that is that the description is beyond question absolutely inapplicable<br />
to S. ojfine Schniz., and still more inapplicable to<br />
iS'. niiiiiinum Fries. This being the case, I aver that if the name<br />
S. natans L. is to be retained at all, it must be applied in the sense<br />
of the first synonym quoted ni ' Species Plantarum,' ignoring the<br />
second and third synonyms in favour of the first ; not ignoring the<br />
first, Linne's own, synonym in favour of the second and tliird,<br />
which refer to other plants. The name is certainly more deserving<br />
of retention than many other Linnean names still used by some<br />
writers ; moreover, its meaning is now pretty well known, while<br />
most modern botanists have seen the errors of their ways, and have<br />
ceased to apply it either to .S'. a {fine or to .S'. minimum. An exception,<br />
however, is to be found in Dr. Meinshausen, who, in his " Die Sparganion<br />
Paisslands " (' Bull, de la Soc. Imper. des Nat. de Moscow,'<br />
1889, No. 1), makes 8. aj/inc to be simply a synonym of .V. natans<br />
L. Dr. Meinshausen, however, scarcely takes us beyond the time<br />
of Fries' writings, while our knowledge of the genus has certainly<br />
greatly increased since that time ; nor does he even quote tiio<br />
plates, in Flo. Danica Suppl., of the Scandinavian species ; and<br />
liowover few references may be given, tliese plates, at least, do not<br />
athnit of being pasf-ed over in any modern review dealing with the<br />
more boreal European forms. It may be added that Dr. Meinsliauseu's<br />
acquaintance with N. ajfinc appears to be slight, which is,
23G ON SPARGANIUM.<br />
perhaps, not altogether surprisnig, as its distribution is not known<br />
to extend to Russia.<br />
In continuation of former notes, I now give the following<br />
additional counties whence I have seen specimens of 5^. ramosum<br />
and S. neglecturn —<br />
5. ramofium Curtis.—Devon north, W. P. Hiern ; Essex north,<br />
J. C. Shenstone ; Suffolk east, W. M. Hind; Hereford, A. Ley ;<br />
Pembroke, C. Bailey ; Elgin, G. C. Druce ; Easterness, G. C. Druce.<br />
S. neylectum Beeby. — Cornwall west, C. A. Wright; Devon<br />
south, W. P. Hiern; Devon north, W. P. Hiern; Wilts north,<br />
W A. Clarke (com. Arthur Bennett) ; Dorset, — Galpin (com.<br />
Arthur Be^meti) ; Hereford, A. Ley ; Pembroke, C. Bailey.<br />
The more southern range of 8. neylectum continues to be fully<br />
confirmed by such specimens as have been seen up to the present<br />
time. The occurrence of the plant in one locality in Denmark<br />
(Neuman sp. !) in about the same latitude as Berwick-on-Tweed<br />
makes it possible, however, that it may be found so far north as the<br />
South of Scotland, although it can only be expected to occur as a<br />
rare plant in such latitudes.<br />
Variation.—The Sparyania, like all water-plants, present a very<br />
much wider range of states due to local or temporary conditions<br />
than is, naturally, the case with land-plants ; and these states, as<br />
with other aquatics such as Bairachium, Putatnoyeton, &c., are often,<br />
elevated to the rank of varieties. I am disposed to regard the<br />
S. ramosum var. microcarpum Neuman as the only case of a good<br />
variety of a British species which I have yet seen in the genus.<br />
Even here intermediate forms certainly occur, but the variety is<br />
generally well-marked, is quite permanent, occurring in quantities<br />
where no other form is to be seen, or maintaining its characters<br />
year after year when growing mixed with S. ramosum type, S.<br />
neyledum, and S. simplex ; and that it is not the result of local or<br />
temporary causes or conditions I have proved. It is true that in<br />
the excellent account of this genus, from the pen of my friend Dr.<br />
Neuman, in the new edition of ' Hartman's Flora,' several other<br />
varieties are described; but taking, for example, his varieties<br />
ft and y of S. a fine, I can regard them as nothing more than<br />
respectively a land state, and a depauperate alpine or hyperborean<br />
state, of the type. The land state, so far as Britain is con-<br />
cerned, I have only seen in Watson's Herbarium at Kew, from the<br />
and the label mentions that the plant grew on<br />
old Surrey station ;<br />
mud, the pond having dried up in 1870, when Watson gathered it.<br />
When I gathered S. ajfine at the very same spot in Surrey, in 1888,<br />
the pond was decidedly wet ; so much so that I had to wade oyer<br />
knee-deep to get the plant at all. That year the plant was quite<br />
typical (ijfine, and was indeed afterwards confirmed by Neuman as<br />
his type, a zosterafolium ! The size of heads, length of peduncle,<br />
&c., are liable, as "in S. simplex, to an unlimited amount of variation,<br />
according to local circumstances. The .S. simplex var. lonyissimMin<br />
Fries I can also scarcely regard as anything more than a state,<br />
though in some doubt whether it may not be desirable that it should<br />
appear in our lists as a form, owing to its being so characteristic of
ADDITIONS TO THE IRISH MOSS FLORA. 237<br />
the most nortlicra latitudes of our islands, where the normal erect<br />
state seems to be wanting ; for here the plant seems to be unable<br />
to grow except in tolerably deep water, and consequently always<br />
assumes its floating state.<br />
llyhridity.—There is no doubt in my own mind that the different<br />
species occasionally cross, though perhaps not so frequently as in<br />
some other genera. The best instances have come before me in<br />
Shetland, where S. ajfinc grows intermixed with the floating state<br />
of 5. simplex. The resulting hybrid differs from both of the parents<br />
in being totally sterile, while in its more erect habit (thus<br />
approaching the normal form of S. simplex, which does not occur in<br />
Shetland), the greater vegetative activity, common in sterile hybrids,<br />
is shown. The other characters are intermediate. I have received<br />
from Dr. Neuman Swedish examples of this hybrid, as well as of<br />
S. rainosum X simplex. In Britain I have seen examples which are<br />
probably hybrids S. ramosum x nei/lectuia and S. neylectum X simplex,<br />
but concerning these further observation is necessary.<br />
The Stiijma.—What has hitherto been called the " style" is in<br />
reality a true beak of the fruit. The stigma is sessile, or it may be<br />
regarded as a style which is stigmatic on one surface throughout<br />
its whole length. It is obliquely decurrent on the beak for a very<br />
short distance. In dried specimens the difference is not perceptible,<br />
but in fresh fruits the beak is seen to be of the same colour and<br />
herbaceous texture as the rest of the fruit, and its junction with the<br />
hyaline stigma, obliquely sessile on its apex, is easily seen.<br />
Fertilisation.—Dr. Focke has well remarked* that the Sparnania<br />
are eminently proterogynous. So far as I have observed, they are<br />
chiefly wind- fertilised ; while in the floating species the pollen is<br />
doubtless sometimes carried to other plants on the surface of the<br />
water. Neither the erect nor the floating forms appear to be visited<br />
by insects except by rare accident.<br />
The subject of hybridity in this genus seems to afford considerable<br />
opportunity for further research, but continued out-door<br />
observations are necessary ; and a ground-work of knowledge,<br />
founded on the study of the plants as they grow, is an essential<br />
preliminary to the comprehension of the often illusory characters<br />
presented by dried specimens whetber of the hybrids or the species<br />
themselves. Unfortunately tlic preliminary is too often neglected,<br />
not alone in this genus, and the resulting consequences cannot fail<br />
often to appear grotesque, at least to those who know something of<br />
the plants themselves and not their reputed measurements merely.<br />
ADDITIONS TO THE IRISH MOSS FLORA.<br />
By David McArdle.<br />
In the April number of the ' Revue Bryologiquc,' there is an<br />
interesting note on ll>/p)ium rii-'iiuilr Hook, by M. J. CardoL, an<br />
eminent French botanist, who detected it amongst some mossea<br />
• Ahhandl. Niitnrwisa. Ver. z. Brpmen, v. p. 40!».
238 ADDITIONS TO THE IRISH MOSS FLORA.<br />
belonging to the North American Drepanlum group of Hypnums,<br />
which he was studying and comparing with European forms. He<br />
writes as follows :<br />
" I was surprised to find in my herbarium a little barren specimen<br />
of Htipnum circinale Hook., gathered at Killarney (Ireland) by<br />
Mons. D. Moore. This specimen came from the herbarium of my<br />
honoured father-in-law, M. Piri, and is labelled Hypniun hamulosuin<br />
B. S. Damp rocks, Killarney (Ireland), leg, D. Moore. The specimen<br />
gathered at Killarney, according to the label, on rocks is quite<br />
identical with the specimens growing on bark from North America."<br />
I wrote to M. J. Cardot asking him for a small portion, that I<br />
might be enabled to identify the plant, and he very kindly sent me<br />
the specimen which he stated he had already shown to Dr. Braithwaite.<br />
I am a little puzzled to know why Dr. Braithwaite should<br />
take it for any form of U. hitimihmim, as its appearance at once<br />
suggests H. cujyressiforme, especially the filifonne group, and I fear<br />
there has be'^n some mistake as to where it was found growing,<br />
probably through a mis-translation. It was more likely to be found<br />
by Dr. Moore on rotting wood among the damp moist rocks at<br />
Killarney. I have sent M. Cardot a specimen gathered in the<br />
same locality, found on the bark of trees, which I could not well<br />
separate from it. It is described in Miiller's ' Synopsis Muscorum,'<br />
vol. ii. p. <strong>31</strong>8. " H. circinale Hook. Muse. Ex. t. 107. Patria. In<br />
arboribus in plaga occidentali Americfe meridionalis {Menzies, 1793)<br />
E Chile habuit Haiiipe." " H. [Stereodon) circinalis (Alenz. Hook.) "<br />
Bridel, Bryologia Universa, vol. ii., p. 621. It is also described by<br />
Lesquereux, in his ' Mosses of North America.'<br />
H. canariense Brid. Xeckern canariensis Brid. (Sp. Muse. ii. p.<br />
29) ; Miiller, Syn. Muse. ii. p. 109. Hypnum jiaijcUia imtar caud(P.<br />
vulpincB, Dill. Muse. p. 306, t. 39, fig. 41. Astrudontium canariense<br />
Dill., Brid. vol. ii. p. 220.<br />
" In omnibus insulis Canariis praesertim in Teneriffa sylvis<br />
prope Lagunam truncus arborum vetustos habitans. Hb. Dillen<br />
Piudley, Bory, St. Vincent, Prof. Schmidt, 1815. Hab. On trunks<br />
of trees, Cromaglown, Killarney (near the Hunting Tower), Dr.<br />
Moore, 1872. fide S. 0. Lindberg."<br />
A number of the mosses which inhabit Ireland have a remarkable<br />
geographical distribution over various distant parts of the<br />
world, affording subject for reflection on the climatical conditions of<br />
plant life.<br />
We will take at random a few familiar instances. The well<br />
known aquatics, Foutinalis antipijretica and F. sqiitomnosa, are found<br />
in North America ; Cnjphwa heteromalla in North America ; Hi/jniuiu<br />
moUiiscuw in Northern India and North America; H. sericnini in<br />
Nortli America, from Canada to the Rocky Mountains ; Andrea<br />
petrojihila Ehrhart, from New Zealand, Northern Island, Fuegia,<br />
Tasmania, Andes of South America ; this was found by Dr. Moore,<br />
luxuriating on the rocks at Lugnaquilla, Wicklow, and in Connemara,<br />
Galway. Several species of Spha//iiwn, Fi.ssidens bri/uides,<br />
anl F. viridulns, are found in New Zealand, Northern Island, Bay<br />
of Islands, and North America. The rare Cauipylopus intnijlcrus
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE/E. 239<br />
Bridel, found at Cromaglown, Killaniey, by Di-. Moore and Dr.<br />
Carrington, was collected by Sir J. D, H )oker, in L )rd Auckland's<br />
group, and Campbell Island, N. Zealand. Bitrtramia lluUeriana<br />
Hedw., collected by Dr. Moore, in Collin Glen, near Belfast, is also<br />
found in Nortli and Soutli America, Fuegia, Australia, Tasmania,<br />
and tlie mountains of India and Africa. Hookeria Iceteoirens Hook.<br />
& Tayl., one of the most beautiful mosses which is found in the<br />
West Indies, luxuriates at O' Sullivan's Cascade, Killarney. These<br />
are but a few instances in which these minute plants demonstrate<br />
that, in climatic conditions, Ireland can compare favourably with<br />
many distant lands in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the<br />
world.<br />
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVK.¥..<br />
By Edmund G. Baker, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 213.)<br />
IG. L. STENOPETALA Coss. st Dur. — Caulis pereunis, foliis inferioribus<br />
cordato-ovatis pubescentibus lobatis serratis suporioribus<br />
trilobis medio longiore basi cuneatis vel subcordatis, pctiolis longis,<br />
floribus breviter pedicellatis solitariis, bracteolis parvis ovatis<br />
obtusis calyce brevioribus non accrescentibus, sepalis triangularibus<br />
acutis, petalis roseis angustis profunde bilobis, carpellis liirtis dorso<br />
rotundatis carinatis.<br />
Hab. Algeria<br />
Stem 2-5 ft. ; leaves 2-3 in. long; bracts i in. ; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals 1-1:^ in.<br />
17. L. Kashmiriana Camb. in Jacquemont, Voy. Bot. 29, t. 32<br />
Fl. lud. i. <strong>31</strong>9. — Caule piloso, foliis inferioribus cordato-orbicularibus<br />
o-lobatis superioribus 3-5-lobatis lobo medio longiore,<br />
stipiilis lineari-lanceolatis, floribus axillaribus solitariis, bracteolis<br />
ovatis acutis accrescentibus, petalis bilobis roseis, carpellis glabris<br />
dorso rotundatis carinatis.<br />
llab. Kashmir<br />
Stem 2-3 ft. ; leaves 2-3 in. long ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals i in.<br />
petals l^-li in.<br />
18. L. PLEiJKiA Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 22G9 ; DC. Prod. i. 439,<br />
Fl. Austral, i. 185. Malcn lleliriana Schlecht. in Linn. xx. G83. M,<br />
I'rcisxidna Miq. in PI. Prciss. i. 238. Lavdteia Ihlu'unvi Schlecht.<br />
in Linn. xxiv. G99. L. \Vcinmminiana Bess. Hort. Crem. 1828 ;<br />
Bchb. Ic. Bot. Exot. t. GO. L.
240 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE^.<br />
Sect. 3. Oxolopha DC. Prod. i. 439.—Axis sub apicc truncato<br />
vel conico iu cristas tot quot carpella menibranaceas laterales<br />
verticales expansus. Flores axillares solitarii vel fasciculati.<br />
* Ainericmies,<br />
19. L. AssuRGENTiFLORA KclIogg in Proc. Calif. Acad. i. 11 and<br />
14.— Caule arborescente, foliis magnis longe petiolatis palmati-<br />
lobatis crenatis, floribus axillaribus binis, bracteolis coriaceis<br />
triangularibus obtusis dimidio calyce brevioribus, sepalis triangnlaribus<br />
acuminatis externe rugosis, petalis roseis striatis, carpellis<br />
6-8 dorso planis puberulis.<br />
Hab. Island of San Miquel, California !<br />
Stem 6-15 ft. high; leaves 4-6 in. long by 3-6 broad; bracts<br />
J in. long ; sepals f in. ; petals 1^ in.<br />
20.? L. VENOSA S. Watson in Proc. Amer. Acad. 12, 249.<br />
Foliis palmatilobatis, lobis triangularibus acutis, floribus axillaribus<br />
aggregatis, bracteolis fere distinctis oblongis ovatis acutis<br />
calyce sub^equantibus, petalis cuneatis obcordatis purpureis striatis,<br />
carpellis 10 faciebus striatis.<br />
Hab. San Benito, California.<br />
Leaves 3-4 in. broad ; 1-H in. long ; bracts \ in. ; sepals \ in.,<br />
becoming ^ in. ; petals 1^ in.<br />
This plant and the preceding are closely related to the other<br />
American species, L. insularis and L. occidentalis.<br />
** Geronto(jea:.<br />
21. L. MARiTiMA Gouan ; DC. Prod. i. 439 ; Rchb. Ic. Flor.<br />
Germ. v. t. 178. L. rotundifulia Lam. Fl. Fr. iii. p. 138. L. triluba<br />
Gouan, Fl. Monsp. 48, non L. — Caule fruticoso, foliis tomentosis<br />
cordato-orbicularibus palmatilobatis crenatis, floribus solitariis<br />
axillaribus, bracteolis ovatis molliter tomentosis calyce brevioribus,<br />
sepalis triangularibus acutis, petalis late obcordatis pallide roseis<br />
ungue purpureis, carpellis magnis glabris margine acute dorso<br />
cariuatis faciebus radiatim striatis.<br />
Hab. West Mediterranean Region !<br />
Stem 2-4 ft. ; leaves 1-1^ in. long ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals 1 in.<br />
22. L. OBLONOiFOLiA Boiss. Voy. Esp. p. iii. t. 33 ; Willk. et<br />
Lange, Fl. Hisp. 3, p. 582.—Fruticosa tomentosa crasso incano<br />
tecta, foliis breviter petiolatis ovato-lanceolatis crassis rugosis,<br />
pedunculis solitariis, bracteolis late triangularibus obtusis calyce<br />
dimidio brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis, petalis ruseis<br />
basi purpureis, carpellis glabris angustis dorso rotundatis bicuspis.<br />
Hab. Spain<br />
Stem 2-4 ft.; leaves 1-lf long; bracts I in.; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals nearly 1 in.<br />
Easily distinguished by its thick, brown, woolly tomentum.<br />
23. L. TRILOBA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 039 ; Bot. Reg. t. 1039 ; Bot.<br />
Mag. t. 2226 ; Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 74. L. cahjcina Poir. Encyc.<br />
Suppl. 3, p. <strong>31</strong>0. L. inoschdta Moris, Stirp. Sard. Elench. i. p. 9.
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF .MALVE.li:. 2il<br />
L. rupcstris Pomel, Nuov. Mat. Fl. Atl. p, <strong>31</strong>3. L. rotundata<br />
Lazar iu Trab. Soc. Liun. Matr. (1880), 33. — Caule fruticoso<br />
tomeutoso, foliis lunge petiolatis cordato-orbicularibus tomeutosis<br />
superioribus obsolete trilobis serratis, stipulis magnis ovatis, flori-<br />
biis aggregatis rarius subsolitariis, bracteolis aciitis calyce brevioribus,<br />
sepalis triangularibus, petalis obcuneatis roseis purpureo-<br />
striatis, carpellis clorso rotundatis liirtis vel glabris.<br />
Hab. Spain ! Sardinia ! Algeria.<br />
Stem 2—i ft. ; leaves l|-2^ in. long ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals f in.<br />
petals J-1 in.<br />
Var. PALLESCENS= L. paUescens Moris. Fl. Sard. i. 301. MaJva<br />
Mnllt'ii Hochst.—Stipulis fioribusque minoribus quam typicalibus,<br />
petalis ovatis,<br />
Hab. Island of S. Pietro !<br />
Var. MiNORicENSis = L. minoricensis Camb. Enum. PL Ins.<br />
Balearic, p. 1G3. Mdlva minoricensis Eodrig. Cat. PI. Minorca,<br />
Suppl. p. 9. — Foliis cordato-subrotundatis crenatis crispis 3-5-<br />
lobatis tomentosis, stipulis brevis ovato-ianceolatis, petalis roseis<br />
ealyee vix lougioribus.<br />
Hab. Minorca<br />
Sect. 4. Steifia DC. Fl. Fr. iv. p. 835.—Axis in discum amplum<br />
expansus. Peduuculi axillares solitarii.<br />
24. L. TRiMESTRis L. ; DC. Prod. i. 438 ; Eclib. Ic. Flor. Germ.<br />
V. t. 17G ; Bot. Mag. t. 109 ; Jack. Hort. Yindob. t. 72. L. alba<br />
Medic. Malv. 41. L. althecBfolin Mill. Diet. n. 1. L. africana<br />
]\Iill. Diet. n. 2.<br />
DC. Fl. Fr. 4, p.<br />
L. (jrandifiora Mncli. Meth. G14. Stegia Lacatera<br />
83G. L. manritaniva Desf. non Durieu. — Caule<br />
lierbaceo liLrte vel glabro, foliis longe i^etiolatis cordato-ovatis<br />
acute lobatis serratis, floribus magnis, bracteolis calyce brevioribus<br />
ovatis acerescentibus, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis, petalis roseis<br />
interdum albis, carpellis parvis glabris dorso rotundatis.<br />
Hab. From South of France, Spain and Marocco, to Syria<br />
Stem 2-4 ft. high; leaves 1|—3 in. long ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals<br />
nearly ^ in. ; petals l^-lf in.<br />
Var. MALv.EFORMis Ball in Journ. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 37G.<br />
Foliis subrotundatis superioribus vix angulatis, floribus minoribus<br />
pallida purpureis.<br />
Hab. Pieraya, Marocco !<br />
Non satis nota.<br />
Lavatera albida Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 2G.<br />
//. Iirar/ii/f(ilii( Walp. Hep. i. 291.<br />
J., lanrculata Willd. ; DC. Prod. i. 440.<br />
Jj. iK.sihmica L. ; DC. Prod. i. 439.<br />
J J. viuricata Pane.<br />
/.. snhorata DC, Prod. i. 439.<br />
L. tripartita DC. Prod. i. 440.<br />
JoL'UNAL OF Botany.—Vol. 2b. [August, 1890. k
242 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OP MALVE.E.<br />
Species excluscB.<br />
Lavatera Julii Burch., and L. hiflora E. Mey = Spharalcea<br />
[Sphmroma) Julii (Harv.).<br />
L. prostrata E. Mey = Sphceralcea [Sph(eroma) prostrata (Harv.).<br />
VI. MALVA Linn. Gen. n. 841. — Bracteola? 3 v. 2 distinctae.<br />
Carpella intus nuda, erostria. Styli intus longitudinaliter stigrna-<br />
tosi.<br />
Sect. 1. Bismalva Medik. ; DC. Prod. i. 432. — Bracteolae 3.<br />
Fiores axillares solitarii ; saepe quoque terminales et in apice<br />
caulis ramorumque congest!. Folia profunda divisa vel partita.<br />
1. Malva Alcea L.; DC. Prod, i. 432; Bot. Mag. t. 2297;<br />
Rcbb. Ic. Flor. Germ. v. t. 169. Malva italica Poll, hort et<br />
prov. Veron. p. 17 ; Rchb. Ic. Flor. Germ. v. t. 170. M. Alcea<br />
/3. muhidentata Koch, Synop. ed. 3, p. 112. M. excisa Rclib. Ic.<br />
Flor. Germ. v. t. 170. M. cannuhinn Serres in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.<br />
iii. 276. M. intermedia Bor. Fl. du Centr. Fr. ed. 2. p. 98.—<br />
Caulibus erectis, foliis inferioribus cordato-rotundatis superioribus<br />
palmatisectis segmentis pinnatifidis, floribus magnis, bracteolis<br />
ovato-lanceolatis, sepalis triangularibus acutis, petalis intense<br />
roseis calyce triplo longioribus, axe conico acuminato,_ carpellis<br />
glabris dorso rotundatis carinatis faciebus radiatim rugosis.<br />
Hab. South Sweden ! Central Europe ! France ! Spain !<br />
Italy<br />
Stem 3 ft. high ; leaves l|-4 in. long ; bracts i m. ; sepals<br />
^ in. petals ; 1^ in.<br />
Var. FASTiGiATA = If. fustigiata Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 432; Rchb.<br />
Ic. Flor. Germ. v. t. 171. M. decumbens Host. Fl. Austr. ii. p. 298.<br />
M. Bismalva Bern. Rchb. Ic. Flor. Germ. v. t. 172.—Foliis minus<br />
divisis cordato-quinquelobis lobis insequaliter dentato-crenatis<br />
lobo medio longiore,<br />
conico.<br />
floribus axillaribus et summis fastigiatis, axe<br />
Hab. Spain ! France<br />
Var. MoRENii DC. Prod. i. 432 = M. Morenii Poll. Fl. Veron.<br />
ii. p. 437; Bot. Mag. t. 2793; Rchb. Ic. Flor. Germ. v. t. 171.<br />
M. Alcea var. fastigiata Koch, Synop. ed. 3, p. 112. M. Alceoides<br />
Ten. Fl. Neap. ii. 109. Foliis superioribus palmatisectis summis<br />
quoque tripartitis, colore petalorum palUde lilacino, floribus axillaribus<br />
et summis fastigiatis, axe conico.<br />
Hab. Spain ! France ! Italy ! Germany !<br />
Var. CoLMEiRoi = M. Cohneiroi Willk. Pug. n. 11.— Fohis<br />
superioribus palmatisectis segmentis lateralibus bipartitis medio<br />
tripartite, axe in discum depressum expanse.<br />
Hab. Spain.<br />
2. M. MosciiATA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 432 ; Rchb. Ic. Flor. Germ.<br />
V. t. 169 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2298; Eng. Bot. ed. 3, t. 280. M. Ordniana<br />
Ten. Fl. Nap. v. p. 85. M. ijeraniifolia Gay in Ann. Sc. Nat.<br />
(1836). M. laciniata Desr. in Lam. Encyc. lii. 750. M. Laniottn<br />
ju^.a. _ Caule erccto, foliis inferioribus cordato-suborbicularibus
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 243<br />
lobatis superioribus palmatisectis segments pinnatifidis, floribua<br />
axillaribus et summis sfepe umbellato-fastigiatis, bracteolis angustolaiiceolatis,<br />
sepalis triangularibus acutis, petalis roseis calyce duplo<br />
triplove longioribus, carpellis hirsutissimis margine rotuudatis,<br />
Hab. Western, Central and Southern Europe ! extending<br />
northward to South Sweden and eastwards to Dalmatia.<br />
Stem 1-3 ft. high ; leaves 1-3 in. long ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals<br />
^ in. ; petals ^-1 in.<br />
3. M. TouRNEFORTiANA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 432. 21. maritima<br />
Lam. Fl. Fr. iii. p. 140. M. moschata /3. tetmifolia Guss, Syn. ii. p.<br />
221.—Caiile erecto, foliis inferioribus suborbicularibus limbo palmatosecto<br />
superioribus pinuatipartitis laciuiis bifidis vel trifidis,<br />
fioribus longe pedunculatis, bracteolis parvis lineari-lanceolatis,<br />
sepalis ovatis acutis, petalis purpureis, carpellis 16-20 puberulis<br />
dorso rotuudatis faeiebus elevatim rugosis.<br />
Hab. Spain ! France ! Italy ! Sicily ! Greece ! Maroeco !<br />
Stem 1-2 ft. high ; leaves 1-2 in. long ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals<br />
^ in. ; petals 1 in.<br />
Differs from M. moschata in its more finely-cut leaves, paler<br />
flowers, aud smaller carpels with rugose sides.<br />
4. M. ALTH.EOiDEs Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. 432 ; M. cretica Webb, It.<br />
p. GO, non Cav.— Multicaulis, eaulibus setoso-hirsutis, foliis inferiori-<br />
Jnis longe petioiatis cordato-orbicularibus lobatis serratis superioribus<br />
palmatipartitis summis tripartitis, fioribus longe pedunculatis,<br />
bracteolis lineari-lanceolatis, sepalis longe acuminatis hirsutis,<br />
petalis roseis calyce duplo longioribus, carpellis glabris dorso<br />
plauis faeiebus rugosis.<br />
Hab. Spain ! Corsica ! Sardinia ! Italy !<br />
Stem i-2 ft. long ; leaves 1-2 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals J-1 in.<br />
Var. CRETICA = M. cretica Cav.; DC. Prod. i. 4<strong>31</strong>. M. altha:-<br />
oides Fl. GrtBC. vi. t. 6G4. .V. IdrsxUa Ten. Prod. p. 40, non Viv.<br />
Corolla calyce sul){ef[uante, carpellis glabris dorso plauis eleganter<br />
transverse rugosis.<br />
llab. Sicily ! Italy ! Greece ! Crete !<br />
(To be contLDued.)<br />
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 188.)<br />
Robson, Edward (1703-1813): b. Darlington, 17 October, 17G3;<br />
d. 21 May, 1813. Of Darlington. A.L.S., 17H9. Nephew of<br />
Stephen Robson. Correspondent of Withrring. J^escribed<br />
liHii's sjdtiitHui in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 240. " A very assiduous<br />
and accurate botanist," E. Rot. 70. "Accomplished dniULflitsji<br />
2
244 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF RRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
man," Longstaffe. Drawing of Geaster, Gent. Mag. Feb., 1792.<br />
Contrib. to E. Bot. (92, Gil, 1290, &c.), and lists in Brewster's<br />
Stockton and Hutchinson's Durliam. R. S. C. v. 243 ; Longstaffe,<br />
' Hist. Darlington,' p. 370 ; H, Ecroyd Smith, ' Annals<br />
of Smith of Cautley,' p. 149.<br />
Robson, Joseph (d. 1885) : d. Whitehaven, Cumberland, 1885. Of<br />
Whitehaven. A.L.S., 1854. Cat. of pi. of Gosforth, Cumberland.<br />
R. S. C. V. 243 ; Phyt. v. 1854, 1.<br />
Robson, Stephen (1741-1779) : b. 24 June, 1741 ; d. 16 May,<br />
1779. Of Darlington. Correspondent of Curtis. 'British<br />
' Flora,' 1777. 'Plants rariores agro Dunelmensi indigense<br />
(privately printed). Bot. Guide, 241. MS. of ' Flora,' letters<br />
and herbarium in possession of his grandson, Edward Capper<br />
Robson, of Sunderland. Pritz. 2GG ; Jacks. 232; Longstaffe,<br />
' Hist. Darlington,' p. 370 ; H. Ecroyd Smith, ' Annals of Smith<br />
of Cautley,' p. 1G3.<br />
Roe, John Septimus (d. 1878) : d. 23 May, 1878. R.N., F.L.S.,<br />
1828. Surveyor-General, W. Australia, 1848. Travelled in West<br />
Australia, 1848-9. Collected in Australia, 1835-6. Sent<br />
plants to Hiigel and Hooker. Fl. Tasm. cxxi ; Joum. Bot.<br />
1854-5 ; R. S. C. v. 251. Roca Hiig. = Splueroluhluin Benth.<br />
Roebuck, John (1718-1794): b. Sheffield, 1718; d. 17 July,<br />
1794. M.D., Leyden, 1743. Chemist, manufacturer, and<br />
iron-master. ' On ripening and filling of corn,' Trans. R. S. E.<br />
i. 1788, 17. Hoefer; R. S. C. v. 251.<br />
Rogers, John (1752-1842): b. Richmond, Surrey, 10 Feb. 1752;<br />
d. Southampton, 9 Nov. 1342 ; bur. All Saints' Burial-ground,<br />
Southampton. Gardener in Royal Gardens, Richmond. Had<br />
a herbarium.<br />
1889.<br />
Autobiog. w. etched portr. by Frank McFadden,<br />
Rogers, John (fl. 1818-1846). ' Vegetable remains, Porthleven,'<br />
Trans. Geol. See. Cornwall,' i. 1818, 236. ? M.A., Oxon.<br />
1833. R. S. C. V. 254.<br />
. F.L.S.,<br />
Roget, Peter Mark (1779-18G9) : b. London, 18 Jan., 1779 ;<br />
d. West Malvern, 12 Sept., 18G9. M.D., Edin., 1798. L.R.C.P.,<br />
1809. F.R.C.P., 18<strong>31</strong>. F.R.S., 1814. Sec. R. S,, 1827.<br />
' Animal and Vegetable Physiology,' Bridgewater Treatise, 1834.<br />
Jacks. 69 ; Proc. Roy. Soc. xvhi. 38 ; Munk iii. 71.<br />
Ronalds, Hugh (1759-1833): b. Brentford, 4 March, 1759, d.<br />
Brentford, 18 Nov., 1833. Nurseryman and seedsman. ' Pyrus<br />
Malus Brentfordiensis,' 18<strong>31</strong>, illustrated by his daughter Elizabeth.<br />
Formed a herbarium of Kew plants. Gent. Mag. 1834,<br />
i. 337; Pntz. 268;<br />
Rooke, Hayman (fl.<br />
Loud. Card. Mag. x. 96.<br />
1783-99). Major, R.A. Of Whitehaven,<br />
Cumberland. Botanical Artist. ' Travels to Arabia Felix,'<br />
1783. ' Oaks at Welbeck,' 1790. ' Sherwood Forest,' 1799.<br />
Pritz. 208 ; Baker, Fl. Lake Distr. 14 ; AUibone.<br />
Rootsey, Samuel (1788-1855): b. Colchester, 12 Feb. 1788; d.<br />
Ihistol, 4 Sept., 1855. F.L.S., 1811. Druggist at Bristol,<br />
1812. Lectured on ]5otany at Bristol and els^wliere. ' Syllabus<br />
the :\re.lical Plants of Sliakcspeare.'<br />
of Bot. Lectures,' 1818. ' On
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF KniTISH AM) IIUSII BOTANISTS. 245<br />
Trans. Med.-bot. See, 1882. Had a herbarium. Contributed<br />
to Swete's Fl. Bristoliensis, see pref. vi. Jacks. 3G ; 11. S. C.<br />
V. 271 ; Proc. Linn, Soc. 185G, xlv.<br />
Roscoe, Mrs. Edward (fl. 1829). ' Floral Illustr. of the Seasons,"<br />
I82i). Pritz. 2G'J ; Jacks. 407.<br />
Roscoe, William (1753-18<strong>31</strong>): b. Liverpool, 8 March, 1753;<br />
d. Toxteth Park, Liverpool, 30 June, 18<strong>31</strong>. F.L.8., 1804.<br />
Founded Liverpool Bot. Garden, 1802. M.P. for Liverpool,<br />
1806. Correspondent of Hniitli. ' Scitarainer^,' 1824-28. Con-<br />
trib. to Linn. Trans., 1806-1814. Pritz. 269 ; Jacks. 599 ;<br />
P. S. C. v. 274 ; 'Life,' by his son Henry, 1833 ; Sm. Corresp.<br />
ii. 301 ; Gent. Mag. 1832, ii. 179 ; Allibone; Hoefer; Michaud<br />
"Wedgewood Medallion. Portr. at Kew, engrav. fr. cast by<br />
J. Gibson. JloHCuea Sm.<br />
Rose, Hugh (d. before 1795). Of Norwich. Apothecary. Correspondent<br />
of Hudson. Taught J. E. Smith. Had a herbarium.<br />
' Elements of Bot.,' 1775. Pritz. 269 ; Jacks. 599 ; Linn.<br />
Trans, vii. 297.<br />
Rosenberg, Miss M. E. (fl. 1839-45). Of Bath. ' Corona<br />
Amaryllidacea,' 1839. 'Museum of Flowers,' 1845. Jacks. 41.<br />
Roupell, Mrs. A. E. (fl. 1849). Drew plates of ' Specimen of Fl.<br />
of South Africa,' 1849. Pritz. 270 ; Jacks. 347 ; Bot. Mag.<br />
4466. LlonpcUla Hook.<br />
Rowden, Frances Arabella (fl. 1801-1810). Of Hans Place,<br />
London. ' Poetical Introduction to Botany,' 1801. Jacks. 212.<br />
Roxburgh, William (1759-1815) : b. Craigie, Avrsliire, 1759 ;<br />
d. Edinburgh, May, 1815. M.D., F.L.S., 1799". H. E. I. C.<br />
Medical Service. Superintendent, Calcutta Garden, 1793-181 -J.<br />
At Cape and St. Helena on way home in 1814. List of St. H.<br />
Plants in ]3eatson's ' Tracts relating to St, Helena.' ' PI. of<br />
Coromandel Coast, 1795-8. ' Hortus Bengalensis,' 1814,<br />
' Flora Indica ' (posthumous), 1820-32, Plants nt l^rit. Mus.<br />
and Kew. MS. Fl. Indica and drawings of Palms in l)ot. Dej t.,<br />
V>x\i. Mus. Other drawings at Kew and Calcutta Bot. (iard.<br />
Pritz. 271; Jacks. 600; Pref. to 'Flora Indica' and 'Coromandel<br />
PI.'; Cott. Gard. vi. 65; P. S. C. v. <strong>31</strong>4; Allibone.<br />
Portr. at Kew, engr. by Warner fr. pen and ink sketcli by Sir<br />
AV. J. Hooker. Monument in Calcutta Garden. liDxIninihid<br />
Dryand.<br />
Royds, Sir John (11. I8li)). Puisne Judge, Supreme Court of<br />
Bengal.<br />
" A zealous botanist and an eminent benefactor of the<br />
science." Eoxburgh, Coromandel Plants, iii. 87. Uoydsia<br />
Pvoxb.<br />
Royle, John Forbes (1799 9-185B) : b. Cawnpore, 1799'?; d.<br />
Acton, Middlesex, 2 Jan., 1856. M.I),, Munich, 1833. F.L.S.,<br />
1833. IvPv.S., 1837. Surgeon in H.E.I.C. Medical Service in<br />
] bengal, 1820. Curator, Saharunpur, 1823-18<strong>31</strong>. Prof. Mat.<br />
Medic. King's Coll., London, till 1856, Sec. Boy. Hort.<br />
Soc. 'Manual of Materia Medica,' 1847. ' Botany of Himalayas,'<br />
1834-38. 'Fi]>rous PI. of India,' 1855. Pritz. 271;<br />
Jacks. 600; Proc. liinn. Soc. 1858, xxxi; I'lora Indica, 64;
21G BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
E. S. C. V. <strong>31</strong>6 ; Gard. Clirou. 1858, 20 ; Cott. Gard. xix. 225,<br />
249. lioi/lea Wall.<br />
Rozea, Richard (d. circ. 1829). Surgeon, of Marylebone. Herbarium<br />
collected, 1815-1823, ^Y. W. F. Goodger, afterwards in<br />
13ossession of E. G. Varenne. Fl. Midd. 398.<br />
Rudge, Edward (1763-18'4G) : b. Evesham, 27 June, 1763 ; d.<br />
Evesham, 3 Sept., 1846. F.L.S., 1802. F.R.S., 1805.<br />
' Plantarura Guianae Icones,' 1805-1807. Pi'oc. Linn. Soc. i.<br />
815, 337 ; Bot. Mag. 935 ; Linn. Trans, viii. 826 ; PL in Herb.<br />
Mus. Brit. Pritz. 272; Jacks. 375; E. S. C. v. 322; Gent.<br />
Mag. 1846, ii. 652. liiuhjea Salisb.<br />
Rudge, Samuel (fl. 1820). Uncle of foregoing. Of Elstree,<br />
Hertis. Collected about Elstree, Herts, and Sonning, Berks.<br />
Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 337. Pryor, Fl. Herts, xlii. Herb, in<br />
Herb. Mus. Brit.<br />
Rufford, Rev. W. S. (d. 1836). Of Badsey. Assisted Purton in<br />
the ' Midland Flora,' his wife drawing some of the plates and<br />
also collecting plants. Had a herbarium. Purton, Midland<br />
Flora, pref. iv. ; Appx. vii. 277, &c. ; Mag. Nat. Hist. ix. 605.<br />
Rusholm, (fl. 1686). Last Gardener of Westminster<br />
Physick Garden. Garden pi. in Herb. Sloane, 24-26 and 110.<br />
Russell, or Russel, Alexander (d. 1768) : b. Edinburgh<br />
d. Walbrook, 28 November, 1768. M.D., Glasgow. L.E.C.P.,<br />
1760. F.E.S. Physician to English factory at Aleppo, circ.<br />
1740-1755. 'Nat. Hist, of Aleppo,' 1756, plates by Ehret.<br />
Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit. Jacks. 510. ' Essay on character<br />
of ,' by Fothergill, 1770. Munk. ii. 230; Gent. Mag. xli.<br />
Poi'trait by Dance, engr. by T. Trotter, 1770. Russelia Jacq.<br />
Russell, Mrs. Anna, nee Worsley (d. 1876). Of Kenilworth.<br />
Studied and drew fungi. Contrib. list of Newbury pi. to Phyt.<br />
iii. 716, and list h. Bristol to N. B. G. Correspondent ot<br />
H. C. Watson. 730 Drawings of fungi in Mus. Brit. Jacks.<br />
257; Top. Bot. (ed. ii.) 555; Journ. Bot. 1877, 32.<br />
Russell, John, 6th Duke of Bedford (1766-1839) : b. 6 July,<br />
1766; d. London, 20 Oct., 1839. Succeeded 1802. F.L.S.,<br />
1816. ' Salictum Woburnense,' 1829. Pritz. 274. ' Letter on<br />
the late Duke of Bedford,' by Sir. W. Hooker. Bcdfurdia DC.<br />
Russell, John (fl. 1845). ' Theory of Vegetation.' Journ. Agriculture,<br />
1845, 458. E. S. C. vii'i. 801.<br />
Russell, Patrick (1726-1805): b. Edinburgh, 1726; d. 1805.<br />
M.D. F.E.S. Brother of Alexander Eussell [ride supra).<br />
Succeeded him at Aleppo, 1775. Edited ' Natural Hist, of<br />
Aleppo,' ed. ii. 1789. ' Aleppo,' ii. 238. Succeeded Koenig as<br />
H.E.I.C. Botanist at Madras, 1786. Plants and drawings in<br />
Herb. Mus. Brit. Jacks. 510; E. S. C. v. 345; Cunningham,<br />
Biog. Hist. Eng. viii. 118 ; AUiboue.<br />
Rutherford, Daniel (1749-1819): b. Edinburgh, Nov., 1749; d.<br />
Edinburgh, 15 Nov., 1819. M.D., Edin., 1772. F.L.S., 1796.<br />
Chemist. Prof. Bot. Edin. 1786. ' Characteres gencrum,'<br />
1793. Jacks. 16 ; Michaud. Engr. vignette portr. pub. by<br />
Thornton ; Wadd, p. 136 ; co[>y at Kew.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 247<br />
Rutherford, Robert (fl. 1G99). Surgeon. Sent plants from<br />
Caroliua to Petiver. Mus, Pet. 4G.<br />
Rutty, John (1G98-1775) : b. Dublin, ? 1698 : d. Dublin, 27 April,<br />
1775. M.D., Leyden, 1723. 'Nat. Hist, of Dublin, 1772."<br />
' Materia Medica,' 1777. Chalmers ; Allibone ; Friends' Books,<br />
ii. 520. liutti/a Harv.<br />
Ryan, John (fl. 1797). M.D. F.L.S., 1798. Collected in Santa<br />
Cru2:, Montserrat, and Trinidad. Furnished Yalil with most of<br />
plants figured in his Eclogje. Specimens in Mus. Brit. Yalil,<br />
EclogfB (Pref. and dedication), 1797. liyania Vahl.<br />
Ryder, ^Thomas (fl. 1796-1800). Of San Domingo. Doctor.<br />
'Indian Arrow-root,' 1796. Pritz. 275; Jacks. 2n.<br />
Sabine, Joseph (1770-1837): b. 1770; d. Hanover Square,<br />
London, 24 Jan., 1837; bur. Kensal Green Cemetery. F.L.S.,<br />
1798. F.R.S. Barrister. Sec. Hort. Soc. 1810. List of plants<br />
in Clutterbuck's ' Hist, of Herts,' 1815. Pritz. 275; R. S..C.<br />
V. 354 ; Gard. Mag, xiii. 144 ; Cott. Gard. vi. 363 ; Mag. Nat.<br />
Hist. n. s. i. 390 ; Pryor, Fl. Herts, xli. Litho. portr. after<br />
Eddis, at Kew. Sahinca DC.<br />
Sadler. John (1837-1882): b. Gibleston, Fife, 3 Feb. 1837; d.<br />
Edinburgh, 9 Dec. 1882; bur. Warriston Cemetery. Assistant<br />
to Prof. J. H. Balfour, 1854. Sec. Bot. Soc. Ed. 1858.<br />
Curator Bot. Gard. Ed. 1879. Papers in Trans. B. S. Ed.<br />
Mosses in Brit. Mus. Jacks. 601 ; Jouru. Bot. 1882, <strong>31</strong> ; Gard.<br />
Chron. 1879, i. 76, 81, w. portr. ; 1882, ii. 793 ; Hist. Berwick<br />
Nat. Club, X. 72 ; R. S. C. v. 360. Sali.v SiuUcri Syme.<br />
Saintloo, Edward (fl. 1575). Of Somersetshire. Correspondent<br />
of Lobel. Pult. i. 106.<br />
Salisbury, Richard Anthony, vc Markham (1761-1829): b.<br />
Leeds, 1761 ; d. London, March, 1829. Of Chapel Allerton,<br />
Yorksh. and afterwards of Mill Hill. F.L.S., 1788. F.R.S.<br />
First. Sec. Roy. Hort. Soc. ' Icones,' 1791. ' Prodromus<br />
stirpium in hort. ad Chapel Allerton,' 1796. ' Paradibus<br />
Londinensis,' 1805-8. ' Genera Plantarum,' ed. J. E. Gray,<br />
1866. Descended from Lyte. Contributed to E, B. 17, 21, 262.<br />
Had garden at Chapel Allerton and Collinson's at Mill Hill.<br />
Drawings and notes in ]'>ot. Dcp. Brit, Mus, Pritz, 276<br />
Jacks. 601; R. S. C. v. 378; Lambert, 'Pinus'; Rudge, 'PI.<br />
Guian. pref ; Pref, to his ' Genera of Plants.' Pencil portr. by<br />
W. J. Burcliell, 1817, at Kew. Stdbburia Sm, = (Jim/ko,<br />
Salisbury, Wilham (fl. 1797-1816). Nurseryman of 'Chelsea.<br />
Partner and successor to Curtis in Brompton Garden, afterwards<br />
in Sloane Street, where he had botanical classes. ' Hortus<br />
Paddingtnnensis, 1797. ' Hortus Siccus Gramineus,' 1816.<br />
• Botanist's Companion,' 1816. Pritz. 276 ; Jacks. 601 ; Lou-<br />
dun, ' Arboi'ctnni,' 75,<br />
Salmon, John Drew (1802 ?-1859); d. London, 5 Aug. 1H59.<br />
F.L.S., 1852. Botanist and Ornithologist. Of Thctford<br />
(1H35-1848) and afterwards of Godalniing. MS. Fl. of Surrey<br />
incorporated in Brewer's, 1863. ' Fl. of Godalming,' Phvt. ii.
218 SHOUT NOTES.<br />
447. Herbaiium and diaries in Norwich Museum. Pritz.<br />
277; Jacks. 260; K. S. C. v. 382; Trans. Norf. & Norw. Nat.<br />
Soc. ii. 420 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1859-GO. xxix.<br />
Salmon, William (1G45-1712) : b. 1G45 ; d. 1712. M.D. Prof.<br />
Med. ' Botanologia : English Herbal,' 1710. Appears to have<br />
been in Carolina and Virginia, and to have collected round<br />
Lynn and London. Pult. i. 185 ; Pi-itz. 277 ; Jacks. 30 ; Wadd,<br />
138 ; Garth's ' Dispensary.' Portr. by White, 1GG7, m Herbal<br />
' one by W. Sherwin, 1G70, in Polygrapliicte ; one engr.<br />
'<br />
Burnford, 1G81, in 'Synopsis Medicinte '<br />
; and one, 1G85, in<br />
'Polygraphicfe.'<br />
Salt, Henry (circ. 1785-1827) : b. Lichfield, circ. 1785 1 d. between<br />
Cairo and Alexandria, 30 Aug., 1827. F.L.S., 1812. F.E.S.<br />
Secretary and draughtsman to Lord Yalentia in India and<br />
Africa, 1802-1805. Travelled in Abyssinia, 1805 and 1810.<br />
' Voyage to Abyssinia,' 1814. Plants given to Banks and now<br />
in Hb. Mus. Brit. ; enumerated by Brown in Appendix to<br />
Voyage, Ixiii. Algse sent to Dawson Turner (' Fuci,' iv. 38).<br />
Life and Correspondence, by J. J. Hall, 1854 ;<br />
Saltia Brown.<br />
Hoefer ; Michaud.<br />
Salt, Jonathan (fl. 1796-1810). Of<br />
Discovered i'arcx elomjcita in 1807.<br />
Sheffield. F.L.S.. 1797.<br />
" A most assiduous investigator<br />
of the vegetable creation," Smith. Contributed to<br />
E. Bot. (358, 598, 648, 1920, 2018).<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
SHOKT NOTES.<br />
Ckepis taeaxacifolia in Sussex.—I send some plants of Crc/us<br />
triraxdcifulia, new, so far as I know, to E. Sussex, as well as this<br />
district. It was first noticed in some rough pastures on the western<br />
edge of Pevensey Marsh, where the ground begins to rise by a path<br />
which runs from Willingdon Schools to east end of Balton Decoy,<br />
by Pi. B. Postans, Esq., of this town. It was growing in considerable<br />
quantity all over one field and in fair abundance in the<br />
other. The locality is about three miles from Eastbourne, towards<br />
Polegate.—F. C. S. Boper.<br />
PoTENTiLLA MACULATA Pouri. IN DUMFRIES. — Mr. Tliornbtim<br />
Johnstone has sent me a specimen of this plant from the hills near<br />
Moffat, where it occurs over a limited area at from 1600 to 1750 ft.<br />
Its occurrence is interesting, as it forms a connecting station<br />
between there in Cheviotland and the Highlands. With or near<br />
it are found Ajiuja injrmnidalis and Saxifraga nivalis. — Arthur<br />
Bennett.<br />
Merionethshire Plants. — A fortnight's visit to Barmouth,<br />
Merioneth, last June, enabled me to secure the following species<br />
not yet recorded for the county. A road from Barmouth follows<br />
the Mawddoch Estuary to Dolgelley, by the side of which occur a<br />
few plants of r
SHOUT NOTES. 249<br />
jvisilhiiii in grassy places, Tri folium virdiuni, Torilis nadund (s])ar-<br />
iiigly in the bordering fields), liitnicx cuiKjIoincnitus, Alliioii ur.^iiniia<br />
(in a copse by a stream), Galliun Muilni/o and Ariun inacitlatnui.<br />
Siuin h(t[fuHuui I found in a Avct place by the Panorama Walk, cut<br />
oil" nearly to the root, and only to be recognised by foliage and<br />
listular stem ; close by VnleriancUa Olitoria also grew. ]5elo\v<br />
Croig Abermaw, in waste places, LnunwaiDnplexicKuJe, Avena fittna<br />
and, in the railway-station ground, Pcuceddnuiii sativum. Crossing<br />
by the ferry to the south of the estuary, I found C}jno;il()ssinii<br />
oj/icinale abundantly growing on banks by the sea, in addition to<br />
?tfilium rtf'usum, in a wood, and Stellioid umhru.sn, under a wall along<br />
the Towyn Road towards Barmouth Junction. Lu-.ula pilum grows<br />
plentifully in the Torrent Walk near Dolgelley, and Orchis mascula<br />
lUmunculus sccleratus in ditches and wet<br />
at the base of Cader Idris ;<br />
places about Barmouth ;<br />
and BIysmus rufus near Llanbedr, in<br />
marshes opposite Mochras, complete the list.—H. W. Moningtox.<br />
PoTAMOGETON FLuiTANs Rotli.— It may be well, as a side-light to<br />
the note on the above plant (p. 204), to give one of Pioth's observations.<br />
It occurs in the ' Beitrilge zur Botanik,' p. 12G, 17H3, reproduced<br />
in the Tent. Fl. Germ. ii. p. 203 :— " Obs. 2. Foha caulina<br />
inferiora in planta florente raro observanda sunt perfecta, quia<br />
a vermibus destruuutur et putrescunt." The description in the<br />
'Tentamen' is very short, while that in the 'Beitrilge' is very<br />
full. It cannot, however, be quoted for the name, as it is " sine<br />
nomine" ; but Roth himself quotes the 'Beitrilge ' for his jiuituns.<br />
—Arthur Bennett.<br />
In a letter I have recently received from Dr. Tiselius, he urges<br />
against the hybrid origin of this species the very forcible argument<br />
that it is never difficult to distinguish from its supposed pai'ents ;<br />
whilst in other supposed hybrids of I'utamoijeton forms occur which<br />
closely approach their parent species. I have always felt this to bo<br />
a serious objection, and that, if it were as well-founded in actual fact<br />
as it appears to be in our herbariums, it would be almost conclusive<br />
against the hybridity of JluiUim. But may not this apparent<br />
uniformity of type be due to the neglect of collectors, who are apt<br />
to look for " typical specimens," and to pass by any form that is<br />
not " well-marked"? I plead guilty to this neglect myself, and,<br />
judging by what I see in the collections of others, it seems a very<br />
common fault. The accidental discoveiy of a form of P.fluitans<br />
which might easily have been passed as P. natum, induced me to<br />
make a careful examination of a district which has not yielded<br />
/hiitaua in previous years, with the result that I found several<br />
untypical forms. If botanists will search for jluitans in waters<br />
where natans and lurrns grow together, it is probable they will meet<br />
with it. I would especially direct their attention to abnormal forms<br />
of /'. nutans, and if any be found without the characteristic joiut<br />
at the base of the leaf, or with incmhrunous nr suhmemhramius lunrrolutr<br />
Idircr Irares, I<br />
—Alfred Fryer.<br />
should l)c very pleased to examine the specimens.
250<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
Introduction to Fresh-water Alf/a, with on Enumeration of all the<br />
Ihititih species. By M. C. Cooke, M.A., LL.D., A.L.S. Kegan<br />
Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co. London, 1890. 13 tab., illustrating<br />
all the genera ; 8vo, 334 pp. Price 5s.<br />
The author of this book deserves the highest credit for his good<br />
intentions. To furnish the public with a book of handy size containing<br />
descriptions of the British Fresh-water Algae, and figures of<br />
all the genera, with an introduction to their study— all this at a<br />
reasonable price—is an aim of the most worthy kind. The plan of<br />
the book and the idea of producing it are most creditable to<br />
Mr. Cooke, but he should have induced some one else to carry the<br />
matter into effect.<br />
Soon after the publication of Cooke's ' British Fresh-water<br />
Algae,' it was shown by Dr. Nordstedt in these pages,* and by<br />
other writers elsewhere, that Mr. Cooke's claims to illustrate this<br />
subject are of the most slender character. Mr. Cooke's methods<br />
of book production were then laid bare, and the character of<br />
many of his figures was properly described by the most eminent<br />
living authority on this subject. It is, of course, impossible for<br />
us to know whether Mr. Cooke took that lesson to heart, and<br />
has prepared the present volume as some sort of apology for<br />
his more ambitious work, or whether he remains "of the same<br />
opinion still." Judging from the book before us, the latter view is<br />
much the more likely one. In the Introduction, p. 6, Mr. Cooke<br />
says:— "The historical review may be briefly summarised by<br />
dividing it into three epochs, of about forty years' duration for<br />
each, the first being limited by the publication of Dillwyn's ' CoufervjE,'<br />
the second by Hassall's ' Fresh-water Algas,' and the third<br />
by Cooke's ' British Fresh-water Algae.'" Here is an author who<br />
refers to his own book as an epoch-making one ! and such a book !<br />
Phycologists live in perilous times when Cooke's ' British Freshwater<br />
Algae ' marks<br />
an epoch.<br />
Those who know Mr. Cooke's numerous and varied writings are<br />
familiar with his refreshing habit of speaking out the faith that is<br />
in him without deference to authority, and with hard words for<br />
those who may excite his wrath. His chapter on " Classification "<br />
in this book contains a scathing reference to Mr. A. W. Bennett's<br />
classification of Algae, and his chapter on what is here called the<br />
" Dual Hypothesis " is to be noted for its outspoken language.<br />
Mr. Cooke must be aware that in this matter he lives in a very<br />
Crystal Palace of glass, and no doubt he is prepared for sportsmen<br />
who may be inclined to return his fire. Let us look at this chapter<br />
on the "Dual Hypothesis," not that there is anything dual about<br />
the hypothesis, but only about the subjects of it. Most reasonable<br />
people have spontaneously remarked that in the controversy, while<br />
it lasted, on the subject of the dual nature of lichens, the systematic<br />
lichenologists were ranged on one side, and the morphologists<br />
pitched over against (and into) them. It was further noted that<br />
* Jouni. Bot. 1887. ;^u5.
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 251<br />
tbe question was really one for niorphologists to settle, and they<br />
settled it. To treat the controversy, with Mr. Cooke, as still active<br />
would be absurd. One might as well describe the battle of<br />
Balaclava as still in progress because survivors happily remain<br />
with us. The question was settled, and it was not decided in<br />
favour of the systematists, headed by Nylander. Mr. Cooke, however,<br />
digs up the hatchet, and goes for de Bary, Schwendener, and<br />
the rest, just as if there were some novelty left in his proceedings.<br />
He fortifies himself with the following inspiring sentence written<br />
by " Dr. Nylander, the prince of lichenologists" :— " I have adduced<br />
that the gonidia and gonimia of lichens constitute a normal organic<br />
system necessary, and of the greatest physiological importance, so<br />
that around them we behold the growing (or vegetative) life chiefly<br />
promoted and active." Mr. Cooke quotes this sentence with<br />
special approval, and if he can understand it, no doubt he is<br />
entitled to use it. For our own part it appears to us that the man<br />
who could write a sentence like that is very unlikely to take a lucid<br />
view of anything.<br />
It is difficult to take seriously the work of any man on Freshwater<br />
Algae who describes, in this year of grace 1890, the symbiosis<br />
of lichens as a " hallucination " (p. 183). It may be well enough<br />
—it is intelligible at any rate—that men like Nylander, Krempel-<br />
Imber, and others, cited by Mr. Cooke, who have more or less confined<br />
their studies to systematic lichenology (a branch of study<br />
differing remotely from systematic botany in its extraordinary and<br />
absurd methods),— it is well enough that these men should cling to<br />
their ancient faith ; but when an author presents to the public a<br />
book which professes to teach the form and structure of Fresh-water<br />
AlgfB, it might surely be expected that he should leave this matter<br />
alone or take a reasonable view of it. Let him point to distinguished<br />
authorities on Fresh-water Algae who fail to recognise these among<br />
the "gonidia" of lichens! If Mr. Cooke expects an attentive<br />
hearing on this matter let him not proclaim his own ignorance.<br />
The first 190 pages of this book are of an introductory character.<br />
The chapters are on such subjects as collection and preservation, cellincrease,<br />
polymorphism, asexual and sexual reproduction, conjuga-<br />
tion, pairing of zoospores, alternation of generations, spore germination,<br />
spontaneous movements, notable phenomena (such as<br />
the " breaking of the meres," Red Snow, Gory Dew, Blood Bain),<br />
the dual hypothesis and classification. Over the ground covered by<br />
this list of subjects, there is, indeed, wanted a good trustworthy<br />
popular guide, though the literature is easily enough got at by<br />
students. Mr. Cooke would have been the better for such a guide.<br />
llis knowledge of the literature as displayed here is certainly scanty<br />
and by no means recent. To point out this inadc(j[uacy of treatment<br />
m anything like detail would be bibour spent in vain.<br />
After this introductory portion we have the systematic portion,<br />
consisting of short descriptions of the British Fresh-water Alga?,<br />
and at the end the figures of the genera. This is better. It iniglit<br />
be objected to the descriptions that tliey arc short—so they arc, but<br />
on the whole they are judiciously shortened ; and considering the
252 NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
author's previous work on this suhject, there is reason for some<br />
satisfaction with this portion of the hook. The author contents<br />
himself with these descriptions and a reference to his own larger<br />
hook, and steers clear of the pitfalls of synonymy. As for the<br />
plates, they are mostly outline figures redrawn on stone from<br />
Cooke's larger book and other sources. It may be that there<br />
is somewhere in this book an acknowledgment of the oriijinal.<br />
sources of some of these figures, but we have not yet found the<br />
place. However, Dr. Nordstedt has already so fully shown what<br />
Mr. Cooke can do in this way on a larger scale that there is no<br />
special need to deal with the matter. These figures of the genera<br />
and the page giviiig their names constitute the really useful part of<br />
this book. It cannot be claimed for it that it embodies the work of<br />
an original worker in this field, or of a man who has an extensive,<br />
practical first-hand knowledge of the subject, but so far as the<br />
latter part (containing the descriptions and figures) is concerned,<br />
it may bo said of it that it is worth the price charged as a help<br />
to the beginner in naming specimens. As for guidance in the<br />
structure, life-history, and relationshij)s of these organisms, the<br />
student need expect none of it. G. M.<br />
HcpaticcB Boliviano;. By Piichaed Spruce. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club,<br />
vol. I. No. 8 (1890).<br />
This is another valuable contribution to our knowledge of the<br />
hepatic flora of South America by our countryman Dr. Spruce, and<br />
we are pleased to observe that he still has that keenness of vision<br />
and skill which was manifested in his admirable work ' Hepaticte<br />
Amazonicfe et Andime.'<br />
The species described in this memoir are those collected by Dr.<br />
Eusby during parts of the years 1885-6, whilst botanising on the<br />
eastern slopes of the Bolivian Andes, at an altitude of from 4 to<br />
12,000 ft. His special object was the collection of flowering plants<br />
and ferns, but amongst his specimens were a mmiber of hepatics<br />
growing principally on the fronds of ferns, as Dr. Spruce remarks,<br />
a prolific nidus, more particularly for the minuter species. For<br />
example, on an Acrostichiiw , besides a Badnhf, were half-a-dozen<br />
Lcjeunece. ; these specimens, many of them very small, were picked<br />
out and numbered by Mrs. Britton, Keeper of the Cryptogamio<br />
Herbarium, Columbia College, New York, and forwarded to Dr.<br />
Spruce to determine.<br />
The introductory remarks on the geographical distribution of<br />
the species are especially interesting :<br />
it appears there is a greater<br />
correspondence of the hepatic flora of Bolivia with that of Mexico,<br />
made known to us mainly by the collection of Liebmann (see the<br />
excellent Gottsch. Mex. Leverm.), than with that of the equatorial<br />
regions (lat. 0-70° S.), investigated personally by Dr. Spruce.<br />
Many of the hepatics of the highlands of Mexico are identical witli<br />
those collected by Dr. Kusby at nearly the same altitude in Bolivia,<br />
although some of them seen nowhere by Dr. Spruce near the<br />
Equator. Three Mexican rhn/iuchiUf are proved to belong also to
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 253<br />
Bolivia, although none of them found in the Andes. Another large<br />
species, Li'pifulea ochrulenrd N. [Sciultiu'ra, vSyn. Hep.), which has a<br />
range from Mexico to the Falkland Islands, is amongst the Bolivian<br />
specimens, but was never found by Dr. Spruce in his extensive<br />
travels.<br />
The arrangement of the genera is the same as in ' Hepatice<br />
Amazonicffi et Andiute,' except that some alterations are made in<br />
their order: these, we presume, reflect the more mature judgment<br />
of the autlior on a subject which has exercised the minds of most<br />
of the leading systematists.<br />
About one hundred species are enumerated, of which twentj-seven<br />
are new, which are fully and accurately described. In addition<br />
to the description of the species, valuable notes are added and some<br />
errors in synonymy corrected; the " Iladula xalapensis'' Mont.,<br />
described by Gottsche in Mex. Leverm., is different from the true<br />
species of Montague, the founder of the species, and is the Htidnln<br />
ramuUna of Taylor, which comes near to our native Iladida valuta<br />
Tayl., a species erroneously confounded by some authorities with<br />
lladida xalapensis Mont.<br />
Sciipania .ydendidct Spruce, Hep. Am. et And., Scapania grandls<br />
Boswell, Journ. Bot. 1887, are synonyms for Scapmiia Portoricensis<br />
Gottsch. ('Liuna^a,' 1853), the only known tropical American<br />
species of the genus. Br. Spruce was not aware of the existence of<br />
Hampe & Gottsche's memoir when he published his work in 1885.<br />
Three species, Lejeunea Ilmbyi, Bazzania litisbiji, Plai/iuc/iiUi<br />
JliLshi/i, are dedicated by Dr. Spruce to the botanical traveller who<br />
has done so much to investigate the Flora of Bolivia : the other<br />
species are named after some peculiarity of structure, habit, or<br />
country. W. H. P.<br />
Flora of Sussex : or, a List of the Floarrhi/f Plants and Ferns found<br />
in the Conntij of Sussex, with Inealities (fthe less cnnnnon speeies.<br />
By the Rev. F. H. Arnold, M.A., LL.B. London : Hamilton,<br />
Adams & Co. 1887. 8vo, pp. xxih, 118. Price 5s.<br />
This little Flora, although bearing the date of 1887, has only<br />
lately come into our hands, and as it does not appear to be<br />
generally known, it seems worth while to call attention to it, even<br />
thus late.<br />
At the outset it may be stated that it neither is, nor claims to<br />
be, up to the standard of certain recent works of the kind. "Sir.<br />
Arnold has not troubled himself about " first records," to which,<br />
indeed, an exaggerated importance seems sometimes to be attached;<br />
there are no criticiil notes, either about the plants themselves or<br />
their nomenclature ;<br />
and the space devoted to iloses, llubi, and the<br />
like, although perhaps as nauch as they deserve, is by no means<br />
proportionate to that which they occupy in most local Floras. On<br />
the other hand, owing to the use of small but clear type, and close<br />
printing, a great deal more matter is included in the book than<br />
might bo expected from its small Ijulk ; and those who use it will
254 NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
be grateful to the author for having given them a volume which<br />
can be carried about in a pocket of ordinary dimensions.<br />
The introduction, like the body of the book, contains a great<br />
deal of matter in small space, and evidences much care and local<br />
knowledge. The county is divided into seven botanical districts,<br />
which are mainly identical with those defined by Mr. Hemsley in<br />
his ' Outline of the Flora of Sussex ' appended to this Journal for<br />
1875. Strangely enough, the Medway district has been the least<br />
thoroughly examined : this will no doubt receive further elucidation<br />
when the long promised and much needed Flora of Kent shall see<br />
the light.<br />
The only plant peculiar to the county is Phijteuma spicatum, but<br />
the Flora, as most botanists know, is a generally interesting one,<br />
including such species as Bentnria huJhifera, Viuia lactea, Vicla liUea,<br />
Tiifolium stellatiim (an introduction holding its ground since 1804),<br />
Seseli Libanotis ; Isnardia paliistris, Fhyteuma orhiculare, Pi/rola<br />
media, J'/ri/thncd capitata, Cicendia JiUformis, Oiobanche elatior,<br />
Melittis Melif-sophyllum, Daphve Mezereiiiii, Arum italicuin, Orchis<br />
purpurea, Malaxis j^aludosa, Scirpus triqneter, S. carinatus, Carex<br />
stricta, and Lcersia oryzoides. P/ryteutna spicatum is said to be<br />
" originally perhaps an escape from Warbleton or Mitchelham<br />
Priories, but now established, for more than sixty years, over some<br />
miles of country." We were not aware that there was so much doubt<br />
as to the nativity of the plant. Thlaspi perfoliatum should be printed<br />
in italics ; it is apparently only a casual introduction, as the only<br />
reference is to a specimen from Newhaven in Borrer's herbarium.<br />
Taschenflora des Alpen-Wanderers. Colorirte Abbildungen von 115<br />
verbreiteten Alpenpflanzen, nach der Natur gewalt von<br />
LuDwiG ScHROTER. Mit kurzcu botanischen Notizen in<br />
deutscher, franzosischer und englischer Sprache von Dr. C.<br />
ScHuoTER.<br />
6 francs.<br />
Ziirich : Meyer & Zeller. 8vo, tt. 18. Price<br />
The title of this little book explains its contents. The authors<br />
have figured and described 115 of the most characteristic of the<br />
plants met with in ordinary excursions in the Alps, and the result<br />
is a little book which, if not very scientific, is likely to be useful to<br />
the many who, from all parts of Europe, are making their way to<br />
the Swiss mountains and similar holiday resorts. Tlie more usual<br />
Gentians, Primroses, Campanulas, Senecios, Eanunculuses, and<br />
the like are figured and described in three languages. The English<br />
of the descriptions needs revision : at present it reminds us rather<br />
too forcibly of ' English as she is spoke.' Thus of SHene acaulis we<br />
are told tbat "there are male and female stocks," and that it<br />
"forms firm, often footsized, cushions on the aretes"; Gcutii<br />
montanu)ii has " a wig-like rose-tinged head of fruits," and the fruit<br />
of Anemone alpina forms "a globular wig": Gentiana punctata is<br />
called " Carved Gentian." But a great deal of interesting and<br />
useful information is conveyed in small compass ; and many will<br />
find the little volume a pleasant travelling companion.
ARTICLE d IN JOURNALS. 255<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
Bot. Centralhlatt (No. 2G). — C. Massalougo, CiiUnilroaporiuin<br />
PimplnelUc, sp. n. — 0. Gralert, ' Batologisclie Notizea.' — S. Korzcliinsky,<br />
' Ueber eine hybride Anemone Ost-Russlands [A. c
256 LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
e lo sviluppo del fusto della Daldia iniperUdis.'—A. Borzi, ' Stadii<br />
auaniorfici di alcune Alglie verdi,'—A. Goiran, ' Bopra diverse<br />
foraie appartenenti ai generi Scolopendriuin, Crocus, Acer, Ulmus,<br />
Liiiaria.'—G. Arcangeli, ' Sulla struttura delle foglie dell' Atriplex<br />
nmnmularia Liud., in relazione alia assimilazione.'— Id., ' Sulle<br />
foglie delle piante acquaticlie especialmente sopra quelle della<br />
Nijinph(Ba e del Nnpluir.'— Id., ' Bull' Helicodiccros muscirorus.'—A.<br />
Poli, ' Alcune osservazioni sul' reagente di Millon.'—U. Martelli,<br />
' Un case di dissociazione naturale nei Licheni.'— -Id., ' Sulla Tnrnia<br />
sjMiujicnIa.'—C. Grilli, ' Di alcuni Licheni marcliigiani.'—T. Caruel.<br />
' Un piccolo contributo alia flora Abissina.'—C. Massalongo, ' In-<br />
torno ad un nuovo tipo di Phytoptocecidio del Juniperus communis.''<br />
Oestcrr. Bot. Zcitschrift (July).—L. Celakovsky, ' Petasitcs KahlikUmus.'—P.<br />
Ascherson, ' Care.v refracta Willd. (1805) = C. tenax<br />
Reut. (1S5G).'—U. Dammer, 'Die extrafioralen Nectarien am Samluc7is<br />
nii/ra.''—F. Dalla Torre, ' Juniperus Sabina in den nordlichen<br />
Kalkalpen Tirols.'—J. Freyn, ' Plants Karoanfe.'<br />
Proc, Pioijal Irish Academy (3 S. i. 3: June). — H. W. Lett,<br />
' Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens of Mourne Mountains.' — S. A.<br />
Stewart, ' Botany of South Glare and the Shannon.'<br />
Scottish Naturalist (July). — F. B. White, 'Flora of Rivershingles.'—<br />
Id., 'Variety of Cardamine amara.'—W. H. Beeby,<br />
' Ilumex propinquus' in Shetland.'— J. Keith, ^ Ai/aricus storea.'<br />
J. W. H. Trail, ' Revision of Uredinea; and Ustilaijinea: of Scotland.'<br />
LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.<br />
June 19, 1890.—Prof. Charles Stewart, President^ in the chair.<br />
Messrs. W. Cross and S. Schonland were elected Fellows of the<br />
Society.—Mr. W. H. Beeby exhibited a specimen of Piumea; propinguus<br />
new to Britain, and procured in Shetland. — Mr. Thomas<br />
Christy exhibited and made remarks upon a specimen of CaUistcmon<br />
rigidum.—Mr. E. M. Holmes exhibited some marine Algse new to<br />
Britain, including Ascocyclus reptans, Halothrix Iwnhricalis, Harveyella<br />
mirahilis, iSorocarpus uvcsformis, and Vancheria litorea ; also<br />
a specimen of Uhodymenia palmatn with antheridia, which has not<br />
been previously recorded to occur in this state in Great Britain.<br />
A paper " On the vertical distribution of Plants in the Caucasus,"<br />
by Dr. Gustav Raddes, was read.<br />
We regret to announce the death of John Ralfs, which occurred<br />
at Penzance on the 14th ult. We hope to give a memoir of the<br />
veteran botanist in our next issue.
J^ a.<br />
U<br />
238<br />
A.Barday tielJ^roTgon ittk TIfeat, !fe»iTw.'ATT. isrio.<br />
Rxists aiLd MiLdtews oP Ineiia.
257<br />
ON SOME RUSTS AND MILDEWS IX INDIA.<br />
By a. Baeclay, M.B., Bengal Medical Service.<br />
(Plate 298).<br />
It is somewhat remarkable, considering the economic importance<br />
of the subject, that no systematic study of the Busts and<br />
Mildews of our cereal crops in India has ever been undertaken.<br />
The following notes on some of these may therefore be of interest<br />
for although this paper contains nothing absolutely new to science,<br />
an accurate record of the occm-rence of these fungi in India must<br />
be interesting to the student of geographical distribution, and to<br />
scientific agriculturists.<br />
In a recent paper submitted to the Asiatic Society of Bengal, I<br />
recorded some observations on the prevalence and characters of<br />
Bust and Mildew on wheat, and I have therefore excluded this<br />
from the present paper. This latter subject is one of the greatest<br />
importance ; but our information concerning its Ufe-history is still<br />
so meagre and incomplete, that it is premature to enter upon it. I<br />
will only note here that, so far as I have been able to gather, the<br />
most prevalent form of Bust on wheat, barley, and oats in India is<br />
Piiccmia Paibigo-vera DC, and not P. (iraminis Pers. And this is<br />
true even of the outer Himalayan region, where Bust is very prevalent,<br />
and where three species of barberry are common {B.<br />
Lycium Boyle, B. aristcita DC, B. vnhjaris L.), one of which, B.<br />
Lychim, bears an iEcidium abundantly. At the same time I have<br />
never been able to find an .Ecidium on any species of Boraginefe in<br />
the Himalayan region, and none is known on the plains. "Whilst P.<br />
Piubigo-vera is apparently by far the commonest Bust in India,<br />
P. (/raminis is not wholly unknown. I have received specimens<br />
of P. graiitinia from Jeypore, about 200 miles in a direct line from<br />
the nearest known habitat of barberry ; but I have never seen a<br />
specimen on the crops actually in the neighbourhood of ^cidiumbearing<br />
barberry. These facts are suflScient to show the mystery<br />
in which the subject here is involved, and that it needs much more<br />
study before anything useful can be -ss-ritten on it.<br />
The fungus on Linum (" Ulsee") is apparently extremely common<br />
over large areas of the plains. It is often so closely concurrent<br />
with Bust on wheat and barley, that the uredo stage on Linum has<br />
often been supposed to be the cause of the Bust on wheat. This<br />
supposition, however, cannot be entertained, with our present<br />
knowledge, by botanists. The fungus on Linum is probably a<br />
complete autcecious species.<br />
With these few introductory remarks I pass on to a description<br />
of the Busts with which I am accjuaiuted in India, other than<br />
those on wheat, barley, and oats.<br />
Puccixu SoBGHi Schw. on Surghum vulgare Pers. (" Jowari").<br />
Through the kindness of Mr. J. A. Baines, CS., 1 obtained<br />
some specimens of rusted Sorghum from the Bombay Presidency.<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [September, 1890.] s
258 ON SOME RUSTS AND MILDEWS IN INDIA.<br />
These were collected at the end of the winter 1889-90. " Jowari<br />
is usually a hot- weather ("kharif") crop; but a cold-weather, or<br />
" rabi," crop is grown in some parts. The specimens of the<br />
fungus I obtained were from the Poena Farm on " Shalu," a coldweather<br />
Jowari. The leaves were spotted irregularly on both<br />
sides with oval reddish-brown spots, black in the centre. The<br />
black central parts of the spots were teleutospore pustules, and<br />
these, though really naked, were overlapped by the raised and rent<br />
epidermis.<br />
On examining some spores scraped from these pustules they<br />
were found to<br />
spores.<br />
consist mainly of ruccinia spores with some uredo-<br />
The uredospores are brown, oval bodies, with the place of<br />
attachment to the stalk usually clearly marked. After lying<br />
twenty-four hours in water they measured 34-30 x 22-20 /x. The<br />
epispore is beset' with shallow warts, and pierced by 4 to 5 germpores<br />
on the short equator of the spore. They did not germinate<br />
(fig. la.)<br />
The teleutospores are deep brown and usually rounded at both<br />
ends (fig. Ih. c), though some are slightly narrowed towards the<br />
apex. They are shghtly constricted at the septum, and a piece of<br />
stalk remains adherent. They are therefore rather firmly adherent<br />
to the host. The epispore is uniformly thick and quite smooth.<br />
After lying<br />
29-22 /x.<br />
twenty-four hours in water they measured 50-41 x<br />
Among the scraped-off uredo and teleutospores are numerous<br />
large capitate or club-shaped paraphyses ; some of these are<br />
colourless, whilst others are deep brown (fig. 1, d.).<br />
Aftar lying in water three days (24 x 3 hours) many germinated<br />
in the usual way, the promycelia being colourless. The<br />
sporidia are abstricted from long sterigmata ; they are colourless<br />
and oval, measuring 15 x 10 /x (figs. 2, 8).<br />
Remarks.—This affection, known locally as " Kani," is possibly<br />
P. Su)yhi Schweinitz, and I have named it so provisionally, but it<br />
is quite possibly a new species. I am the more inclined to think<br />
it is a new species, because I have never seen nor received<br />
specimens on Zea Mays in India ; and as the latter is very extensively<br />
cultivated, this is unexpected on the assumption that the<br />
fungus is P. Sorf/hi. Stih, as I have not had good opportunities<br />
for obtaining information about the existence of any Rust on<br />
Zea, it is quite possible that it exists. Assuming the fungus on<br />
Sorghum to be P. Sorijhwn, the Indian species differs especially in<br />
having considerably larger uredo and teleutospores ; in the teleutospores<br />
not being thickened at the free ends ; and in the spores<br />
being associated with paraphyses. The differences in the spore<br />
measurements are best shown tabularly
ON SOME BUSTS AND MILDEWS IN INDIA. 259<br />
Scliroter describes the uredospores as having three to four germporos,<br />
and notes that the apex of the teleutospore is thiclcened to<br />
5-6 [M. Saccardo states that the teleutospore pustules are without<br />
paraphyses, whilst the absence of any reference to them throughout<br />
Schroter's description leads to the conclusion that the European<br />
species is entirely without them. The fungus has a very wide<br />
distribution. Thus, iii Saccardo's ' Sylloge ' it is recorded in Italy,<br />
France, Germany, North and South America, and South Africa.<br />
Melampsora Lini Pers., on Linum usitatissimum L. ("Ulsee").<br />
I obtained excellent specimens of a species of Melampsora,<br />
gathered on the 4th April, 1890, at Dumraon, N. W. Provinces.<br />
Tlie leaves were very extensively attackedwith orange-red pustules,<br />
oval to round, but coalescing freely, and often involving most of the<br />
leaf-surface. These pustules are mostly epiphyllous, and they are<br />
often surrounded by a wall of epidermis giving them the appearance<br />
of the fBcidial fructij&cation of Phragmidium. In other parts<br />
dark crusts might be seen which were the teleutospore beds.<br />
The uredospores are pale orange-red, and are accompanied by<br />
colourless capitate paraphyses, sometimes of very large size, the<br />
head exceeding the spores in diameter. They are round (fig. 4, a)<br />
to oval, and the dried spores, when just immersed in water,<br />
measured 21-18 x 18-16 /x. But after lying forty-eight hours in<br />
water, most spores become spherical, measuring 24 to 21 jt*. in<br />
diameter. The epispore is sparsely beset with spines. I could not<br />
ascertain the number of germ-pores. The paraphyses had heads<br />
measuring 30-28 x 20 //.<br />
The teleutospores are long, cylindrical, or prismatic singlecelled<br />
bodies, very firmly adherent to one another laterally<br />
(fig. 4, h). They each exhibit a central nuclear space, and<br />
measured, after lying forty-eight hours in water, 54-56 x 10-9 ia..<br />
They did not germinate after lying some days in water even up to<br />
June, and I conclude a period of rest is necessary before this can<br />
take place.<br />
Ilotiarks.— This is no doubt Melampsora Lini Pers. The spore<br />
measurements of the Indian species are compared with the statements<br />
of European authorities in the following table :
260 ON SOME RUSTS AND MILDEWS IN INDIA.<br />
land, Germany, Hungary, Bohemia, Norway, Eussia, Belgium,<br />
Asiatic Siberia, and North Africa.<br />
Uromyces Pist Pars. ? on Clcer arletiniim L, (" Clianna ").<br />
I obtained some good specimens of a fungus on this host, also<br />
from Dumraon, gathered on 4th April. There were small circular<br />
or oval brownish pustules on the leaflets, with a tendency to<br />
coalescence. They were both epi- and hypophyllous, though<br />
apparently more often hypophyllous.<br />
The uredospores are brownish red, mostly spherical, sparsely<br />
covered with spines, and each apparently with four germ-pores<br />
(fig. 5). The dry spores, just immersed in water, measured<br />
25-20 X 21-20 /x. I placed some of these spores in water on the<br />
2nd May, and they germinated freely in twenty-four hours, throwing<br />
out a long, simple, unbranched tube, quite colourless (fig. 5, a,).<br />
This germination a month after gathering is noteworthy. I could<br />
find no teleutospores in the specimens gathered, and as these were<br />
full-grown and ready to reap, I conclude none are formed.<br />
liemarks.—This may be Uredo Ciceris-urietini Grogn. ; but the<br />
only reference available to me is that in Saccardo's ' Sylloge<br />
In this book it is said to be found on the leaves of the same host in<br />
the Saone and Loire provinces of France. In a recent article by<br />
Schroter, on the Fungi of Servia,* he notes a uredo on Cicer<br />
Fuugorum,' and here no description or measurements are given.<br />
arietinum, but includes it under Uromyces Pisi Pers. Saccardo<br />
records the fungus in Italy, Sicily, France, Belgium, Britain,<br />
Austria, Germany, Bohemia, Switzerland, and Asiatic Siberia.<br />
Uromyces Pisi Pers. on Lathyrus sativus L. (" Khesari").<br />
From Dumraon I obtained specimens also of this plant bearing<br />
a Uromyces, gathered on 4th April. There were numerous dark<br />
pustules, round to oval or broadly linear, on the stem mostly, but<br />
also on the leaves. On the latter they are apparently amphigenous.<br />
The pustules contained both uredo- and teleutospores, the<br />
latter in excess.<br />
The uredospores are orange-red, with a tendency to brownish.<br />
They are oval for the most part, spiny, and with five to six germpores<br />
(fig. 6, c). The dried spores just immersed in water<br />
measure 28-23 x 22-20 /x. These spores, after lying twenty-four<br />
hours in water, had germinated freely, throwing out a single, long,<br />
unbranched tube, at the distal end of which were collected the pale<br />
reddish brown contents, leaving the empty spore-case dingy<br />
yellow (fig. 6, a). The spores now measured 25-21 x 24-21 /^. I<br />
observed the uredospores germinating even as late as the middle of<br />
June, i. e., more than two months after they were gathered.<br />
The teleutospores are more or less oval and chestnut-brown, but<br />
vary considerably in size and shape (fig. 6, d). A nuclear space<br />
and germ-pore at the apex are clearly visible. The epispore is<br />
' Hedwip;ia,' Band xxix. Heft 2, 1890,
ON SOME RUSTS AND MILDEWS IN INDIA. 2G1<br />
very finely luberculated, and not thickened anywhere as a rule,<br />
though occasionally a slight thickening at the apex is observable,<br />
A piece of stalk usually adheres to the spore. After lying some<br />
hours in water the spores measured 32-23 x 19-14 /l*. They<br />
refused to germinate, apparently requiring a long period of rest.<br />
Remarks.—Four species of Uromyces are recorded in Saccardo's<br />
' Sylloge Fungorum,' on species of Lathyrns, namely, U. Fahm<br />
Pers., U. Pisi Pers., U. Ldtlujrinm Speg., and U. pohjmorphm<br />
P. & C. The Indian species corresponds fairly closely with U. Pisi,<br />
and may, at any rate provisionally, be classed with it. At the<br />
same time no ^cidium on any species of EupJwrhia is yet known<br />
in the plains of India, though such might be found on search. In<br />
the description of the fungus on Cicer arietinxun mention was made<br />
of Schroter's article on " Servian Fungi," and I observe that he<br />
includes a Uredo and Uromyces on Lathyrns latifolius also under U.<br />
Pisi; in other words, the two fungi on Cicer and Lathyrns are,<br />
according to him, identical. The characters of the uredospores, as<br />
I have described them above, agree closely enough to warrant the<br />
assumption that they are identical, the only diiference being that<br />
whilst I could find only four germ-pores in the uredospores from<br />
Cicer I found five to six in those from Lathyrns. But this point is<br />
difficult to be very certain about.<br />
PucciNiA Fagopyri Barclay, on Faqopyrnm csculentnm ]\Ioench<br />
("Phapra," " Ogra," " Kathu").<br />
I have described this fungus elsewhere,* but my knowledge is<br />
imperfect. I found plants very largely attacked in October, the<br />
leaves bearing immense numbers of black and brown pustules all<br />
hypophyllous. The brown pustules contained uredospores, which<br />
are pale brown, echinulate, oval, 23 x 18 ^w. on an average. "When<br />
placed in water they germinate in the usual way. The black<br />
pustules contained teleutospores, which are deciduous, with a small<br />
fragment of stalk adhering to the detached spore. They are dark<br />
brown, very variable in size and shape, slightly constricted at the<br />
septum, smooth on the surface, shghtly thickened at the apex, and<br />
measuring 36-25 x 13-11 /x. The upper cell is often much broader<br />
than the lower, and is more or loss globular. The apical thickening<br />
measures 4 p., whilst the rest of the cell- wall is 2 jjl.<br />
Description of the Plate.— 1, P. Sor(jhi ? : a, uredospore, x 350; b, c,<br />
teleutospores, x 350; d, paraphyses, x 35(t. 2. P. Sorglit ? : germinated<br />
teleutospore. 3. Ditto, x 15i». 4. Melainpsora Lini : a, uredospore, x 350;<br />
b, teleutospore, x 350. 5, Uromyces Pisi ? on Cicer : a, perminated uredospore,<br />
X 220; b, ditto, 350x220. Uroiinjces Pisi, on Lathyrns: a, germinated<br />
uredospore, x 220 ; b, ungerminated uredospore, x 350 ; c, germinated uredospore,<br />
showing genii-pores, x 350 ; d, teleutospores, x 350.<br />
* ' Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,' vol. lix. pt. 2, No. 2, 1890.
262<br />
TONQUIN FEENS.<br />
By J. G. Baker, F.R.S.<br />
Monsieur B. Balansa, so well and honourably known as a<br />
collector in Asia Minor and Paraguay, has been engaged, durmg<br />
the four years between 1885 and 1889, in exploring Tonquin. His<br />
collections are very extensive, and as next to nothing has been<br />
known previously about the Botany of that region, they are of great<br />
interest. The general superintendence of their elaboration systematically<br />
has been entrusted by M. Bureau to M. Drake del Castillo,<br />
and papers have already appeared in the French journals on the<br />
Cupuliferae, Grasses, and Mosses. In the present paper I propose<br />
to enumerate all the species contained in our Kew List of the<br />
Vascular Cryptogamia, and to describe the novelties. The numbers<br />
given with each species are Balansa's distribution numbers, and<br />
those in brackets indicate the position of the new species according<br />
to our ' Synopsis Filicum.'<br />
1858. Cyathcca sjmiulosa Wall. ?<br />
<strong>31</strong>, 33. Alsnpliila 2)odopJiyUa Hook.<br />
(58''), 1803, 1861. Alsophila rheosara, n. sp. — Trunk a yard<br />
high. Fronds ample, deltoid, bipinnate, moderately firm in<br />
texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces ; rachises brown,<br />
without either pale^e or prickles. PinnaB oblong-lanceolate, reaching<br />
a length of l|-2 ft. and a breadth of 7-8 in. Pinnules lanceolate,<br />
deeply crenate, f-J in. broad, truncate at the base, the lower dis-<br />
tinctly petiolated. Main veins ^ in. apart ; veinlets simple,<br />
ascending, 4-5 -jugate. Sori crowded, placed close to the main<br />
veins in rows that fall short of the edge of the pinnules. — Allied<br />
to A. glabra and A. podojjhylla.<br />
1909. Hymenoplujllum jwlyanthos Sw.<br />
1907. H. dilatatum Sw.<br />
(56'''), 1905. Hymenophyllum oxyodon, n. sp. — Rhizome<br />
very slender, wide-creeping. Stipe very short. Frond oblong,<br />
bipinnatifid,<br />
throughout ;<br />
glabrous, about an inch long ; main rachis winged<br />
primary<br />
segments crowded, the upper simple, erecto-<br />
patent, the lower compound, with a few short crowded linear<br />
secondary segments, the margin everywhere conspicuously toothed.<br />
Sori several in a frond, terminal or lateral on the upper segments.<br />
Valves of the indusium ovate, serrated. — Mountains at an altitude<br />
of nearly 4000 ft. Allied to H. Tunhridyense and barbatum.<br />
172, 1899. Trichomanes jMfvulum Poir.<br />
194, 1901. T. auriculatum Blume.<br />
1906, 1908. T. PiUcida Bary.<br />
1900. T. radicans Sw., var.<br />
1873. Davallia solida Sw.<br />
1877. -D. divaricata Blume.<br />
119, 120, 1801. D. Hookeriana Wall.<br />
(50"'=), 118. Davallia (Miceolepia) phanerophlebia, n. sp.<br />
Ehizome creeping, i in. thick, clothed with minute brown hair-hke<br />
palesB. Stipe naked, a foot long. Frond oblong, simply pinnate,
TONQUIN FERNS.<br />
263<br />
li-2 ft. loDg, 4-5 in. broad, moderately firm iu texture, green on<br />
both surfaces, glabrous except on the midrib of the pinnaj. Piuna3<br />
very numerous, sessile, lanceolate, subentire ; central 2-2^ in.<br />
long, 1 in. broad ; lower gradually shorter. Veins very distinct,<br />
erecto-patent, forked, Sori very numerous, submarginal, terminal<br />
on the veins. Indusium semiorbicular, glabrous. — Near D.<br />
Hookeriana.<br />
1790. D. marginalis Baker.<br />
46. ,, var. D. calvescens Wall.<br />
1016. D. rhomhoidea Wall.<br />
73, 79, 1874, 1875. D. Sj)ehincce Baker, forms.<br />
40, 105. D. tcnuifoUa Sw.<br />
122, 125, 1954, 1972. Lindsmja flahelhdata Dryand.<br />
1962. Adianlum lumdatum Burm.<br />
134, 1964. Adiantum Balansse, n. sp. — Eootstock erect.<br />
Stipes tufted, castaneous, h ft. long, with a few small brown linear<br />
paleaB towards the base. Frond lanceolate, simply pinnate, a foot<br />
long, above 2 in. broad, moderately firm in texture, bright green<br />
and glabrous on both surfaces ; rachis and petioles narrowly<br />
winged. Pinna? (juadi-ate, the lower deflexed, the upper spreading<br />
horizontally, the largest f in. broad, entire on the lower and inflexed<br />
inner margin, shghtly toothed and soriferous on the upper and<br />
outer.<br />
long.<br />
Veins fine, flabellate. Sori numerous, l-12th to l-8th in.<br />
Indusium narrow, glabrous. — '^eax A. Mettenii Kuhu. In<br />
1904 the pinnae are smaller, thinner, and more deeply toothed than<br />
m 134, but it is doubtless another form of the same species.<br />
135, 1957, 1958. A. caudatuin L.<br />
1966. A. Cap illus -veneris L.<br />
133, 1953. A.jiahellulatumlj.<br />
129. Cheilanthes mijsurensis Wall.<br />
126. C. tenuij'olia Sw.<br />
57. Pellcea nitidula Baker.<br />
Ill, 113, 1969. Pteris longifoUa L.<br />
107, 1955. P. cretica L., iorms.<br />
(16*), 1970. Pteris dissitifolia, n. sp. — Stipe pale brown,<br />
naked, li-2 ft. long. Frond subdeltoid, bipinnate, \h ft. long, a<br />
foot broad, green on both surfaces, glabrous. Pinnse few, lanceo-<br />
late, erecto-patent, the lowest the largest, forked at the base, their<br />
rachises winged throughout ; final segments distant, lanceolate,<br />
ascending, ^ in. broad, the lower 2-3 in. long, decurrent at the<br />
base. Veins distinct, erecto-patent, deeply forked. Sori continuous<br />
along both margins of the segments and their decurrent<br />
bases. Indusium narrow, glabrous.—Allied to P. him/iiiinmila Wall.<br />
54. P. quadrlaurita Retz., var. P. aspericaidis Wall.<br />
1978. P. (Jrcdllcana Wall.<br />
60. P. hiaurita L.<br />
1959. P. incisa Thunb., var. P. aiirita Blume.<br />
1884. Loiaaria adnata Blumo.<br />
141. Bleclinnm oricnlale L.<br />
175, 1974. Ccratopteria thaliclruides Broug.<br />
69. Asji/,)iiiii» nidus L.
264 TONQUIN FERNS.<br />
68. A. Phijllitidis D. Don.<br />
(17*), 1919. Asplenium melanolepis, n. sp.—Stipes densely<br />
tufted, 1-2 in. long, clothed with copious small linear dark brown<br />
paleas. Frond simple, entire, lanceolate, a foot long, under 2 in.<br />
broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to both ends, very acute,<br />
moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces.<br />
Veins lax, erecto-patent, forked. Sori medial, parallel, ^-^ in.<br />
apart, distant from both margin and midrib. Indusium narrow,<br />
glabrous.—Near A. serratum L.<br />
1914, 1915. A. Griffithiamm Wall.<br />
1832. A. normale Don.<br />
1850. A. tenerum Forst.<br />
98. A. falcatian Jjdim.<br />
99. A. (Hmidiatum. Sw., var. A. comptum Hance.<br />
95, 1830, 18<strong>31</strong>. A. resedwn Smith.<br />
1956. A. heterocarpum Wall.<br />
97. A. lasetyitiifolium Lam.<br />
116, 1851. A. Belangeri Kunze.<br />
1852. A. nitcefolium Kunze.<br />
76. A. umbrosum J. Sm.<br />
67, 1920. A. lanceum Thunb.<br />
(209*), 1833. Asplenium (Diplazium) lepidorachis, n. sp.<br />
Stipes tufted, 4-5 in. long, rough up to the top with minute paleae.<br />
Frond oblong-lanceolate, simply pinnate, 1-1^ ft. long, 3-4 in.<br />
broad, membranous, bright green and glabrous on both surfaces,<br />
minutely scaly on the rachis and midrib. Pinnae sessile, lanceolate,<br />
20-30-jugate, 1^-2 in. long, ^ in. broad, subentire, minutely<br />
auricled on the upper side at the base. Veins lax, very distinct,<br />
usually forked. Sori ^-^ in. long, running up from the midrib<br />
more than half-way to the margin. Indusium broad, glabrous.<br />
Near A. Seemanid Baker,<br />
(216*), 1836, 1846. Asplenium (Diplazium) megaphyllum,<br />
n. sp. — Stipes 1^ ft. long, thinly paleaceous throughout ; paleae<br />
linear, dark brown. Frond oblong, simply pinnate, 2-2^ ft. long,<br />
a foot broad, moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on<br />
both surfaces ; rachis brown. Pinnae lanceolate, subsessile, the<br />
largest 8-9 in. long, 2 in. broad, with shallow rounded lobes and a<br />
subtruncate base. Veins pinnate, opposite the lobes ; veinlets<br />
5-6-jugate, very ascending. Sori narrow, beginning at the base of<br />
the veinlets. Indusium narrow, glabrous. — Near A. celtidifolium<br />
Kunze.<br />
35, 96, 1835. A. syhaticum Presl.<br />
1842. A. japonicum Thunb.<br />
1843, 1844, 1839. A. ladfolium Don.<br />
104. A. bantam ense'Bokex,<br />
93, 1845. A, esndevtum Presl.<br />
(275*), 1847. Asplenium (Anisagonium) platyphyllum, n. sp.<br />
•— Stipe dull broAviJ, naked, above a foot long. Frond deltoid,<br />
bipinnatc, 2 ft. long, thin, green and glabrous on both surfaces ;<br />
rachises brown, naked. Lower pinnae (two pairs) oblong-lanceolate,<br />
nearly a foot long, with distinct sessile oblong pinnules an inch
TONQUIN FERNS. 2G5<br />
broad. Veins pinnate, with 3-4jugate veinlets, anastomosing as<br />
in Eunephrodium in the outer half of the pinnules. Sori hnear,<br />
beginning at the base of the veinlets, the lower i in. long. Indusiuni<br />
very narrow, glabrous. — Habit of South American A. costale Sw.,<br />
but veins united.<br />
1821. Aspidium aculeatwn Sw.<br />
1818. A. laserpitiifolimi Mett.<br />
1849. A.falcatum Sw.<br />
38, 1795, 1820. Xephrodium Filix-mas Kich.<br />
23, 24, 1863. .V. syrmatkum Baker.<br />
75, 1939. iV. odoratiun Baker.<br />
72. N. setigerum Baker.<br />
1791, 1802, bis. N. dissectum Desv.<br />
(138;=), 1815. Nephrodium(LASTREA)obovatum,n.sp.— Stipe<br />
a foot long, slightly scaly ; palefe firm, lanceolate, nearly black, with<br />
a pale brown edge. Frond oblong-deltoid, decompound, thin,<br />
glabrous, 1^-2 ft. long. Lower piunsB the largest, produced on the<br />
lower side ; central oblong-lanceolate, with lanceolate pinnules cut<br />
down to the rachis. Final segments obovate or oblong, obtuse,<br />
^-J in. broad. Veins pinnate in the final segments ; veinlets very<br />
ascending. Sori medial on the veins. Indusium small, fugacious.<br />
Near ^Y. catoptcron Hook.<br />
(145-), 183G. Nephrodium (Lasteea) setulosum, n. sp.<br />
Frond ample, deltoid, bipinnatifid, moderately lirm in texture,<br />
green on both surfaces, setulose on the ribs beneath ; rachises dull<br />
brown, not paleaceous. Lower pinnae oblong-lanceolate, a foot or<br />
more long. Pinnules sessile, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, an inch<br />
broad, the lowest cut down to a narrow wing into linear-oblong<br />
tertiary segments, |-^ in. broad. Veinlets 8-9-jugate in the<br />
tertiary segments, simple or forked. Sori placed midway between<br />
the midrib and margin, a dozen or more in the lower tertiary<br />
segments. Indusium small, reniform, persistent.<br />
26, 1805, 1806. N. Lcuzcanuin Hook.<br />
51. N. penni(jenim Hook?—Pinn?B like those of pennbjcnuii, but<br />
rootstock wide-creeping.—May be a distinct new species.<br />
1864. N. tnincatum Presl.<br />
(202-'=), 1947, 1948. Nephrodium (Saoenia) quinquefidum,<br />
n. sp.— Stipes tufted, 1^ ft. long, naked upwards, bearing many<br />
lanceolate brown palese in the lower third. Frond thin, deltoid,<br />
quinquefid, ^-1 ft. long, nearly or quite as broad as long ; central<br />
segment oblong, acute, 2^-3 in. broad, irregularly repand ; lower<br />
pair of segments quite distinct from the end one, sessile, deeply<br />
forked on the lower side at the base. Main veins parallel, arcuate,<br />
about half an inch apart, with numerous cross veinlets like tliose<br />
of a Cuinlujluneuron, and copious small areola). Sori copious, minute,<br />
various in form, very dense, often confluent. Indusium minute,<br />
fugacious.—Near .V. tcrnatinn leaker.<br />
(212' ), 1857. Nephrodium (Sagenia) stenopteron, n. sp.<br />
Stipe brown, reaching a length of 1^-2 ft., clothed towards the base<br />
with copious large linear brown membranous paleio. Frond oblong-<br />
dclloid, membranous, green and glabrous on both surfaces, li-2 ft.
266 TONQtIN FERNS.<br />
long, about a foot broad, bipiunatifid, with a broad wing to the main<br />
rachis reaching nearly or quite down to the base. Lower pinnas<br />
the largest, deltoid, much produced on the lower side; central pinnae<br />
lanceolate, equilateral, 1^-2 in. broad, deeply pinnatifid, with ovate<br />
or ovate-lanceolate arcuate secondary segments. Veins anastomosing<br />
copiously in hexagonal areolae. Sori copious, scattered,<br />
minute, irregular in form. Indusium minute, glabrous, fugacious.<br />
In habit between cicutariuin and decurrens.<br />
87. N. variolosum Baker.<br />
53. N. decurrens Baker.<br />
21, 49, 82, 85, 1800. N. cicutarlmi Baker, forms.<br />
37. Nephrolepls cordifolia Presl.<br />
48. N. exaltata Schott.<br />
1809, 1810. iV. acuta Presl.<br />
1823. N. ramosa Moore.<br />
149. Olea7idra Cuvmujii J. Smith.<br />
1868. Vohjpodmm punctatum Tliunb.<br />
1885. P. uruphjllum Wall, var. uniseriale. — Sori uniserial<br />
between the main veins.<br />
(64^=), 47. Polypodium (Goniopteris) megacuspe, n. sp.<br />
Kootstock wide-creeping, ^ in. diam. ; palese small, lanceolate,<br />
dense, membranous, brown. Stipes distant, naked, stramineous,<br />
15-18 in. long. Frond oblong, simply pinnate, a foot long, half as<br />
broad, thin, green and glabrous on both surfaces ; rachis naked,<br />
stramineous. Pinnee about 11, sessile, entire, oblong, with a very<br />
large cusp, 4-5 in. long, 1^-1^ in. broad. Main veins arcuate,<br />
very distmct, parallel, about ^ in. apart. Sori 10-12 between the<br />
midrib and margin, uniserial between the main veins.—Near P.<br />
urophyllum<br />
1878. P. suhdifjitatum Blume.<br />
1822. P. ammiimi Wall.<br />
1936. P. rostratuin Hook.<br />
1935. P. superjiciale Blume.<br />
(305"), 148. Polypodium (Phymaiodes) tonkinense, n. sp.—<br />
Eootstock slender, short-creeping ; palete lanceolate, dark brown.<br />
Stipes scarcely any. Frond oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, glabrous,<br />
entire, 5-6 in. long, under an inch broad above the middle,<br />
narrowed thence gradually to the base. Veins in copious hexagonal<br />
areolae with free included veinlets. Sori copious, scattered irregularly,<br />
confined to the upper half or third of the frond.—Near the Philippine<br />
1'. tenuilosc, Kunze.<br />
1926. P. mewhranaccum Don.<br />
1949. P. Pkymatodes L.<br />
1880. P. dilatatum Wall.<br />
140. P. Fortunei Kunze.<br />
161, 162. P. adiiasccns Sw.<br />
19<strong>31</strong>, 1933. P. varium (Blume).<br />
1930. P. flncci(jerum Mett.<br />
156, 157. P. acrustichoides Forst.<br />
1882. (Tymnoqramme javanica Blume.<br />
65, 6Q. G. Wriyhtii Hook.
36, 100, 101, 1872. G. elliptica Baker.<br />
TONQUIN FERNS. 267<br />
(81*), 1870. Gymnogramme (Selliguea) longisora, n. sp.<br />
Kootstock slender, wide-crcepiug. Stipe slender, naked, a foot long.<br />
Frond oblong, simply pinnate, membranous, green and glabrous<br />
on both surfaces, a foot long, 6-8 in. broad. Pinnae about 9, oblonglanceolate,<br />
acute, entire, 3-5 in. long, 1-1:^ in. broad at the middle,<br />
the upper sessile, the lower areolae many, with free included<br />
veinlets. Sori linear erecto-patent, parallel, about ^ Id. apart,<br />
reaching all the way fi'om the midrib to the margin.— Nearly allied<br />
to G. elliptica.<br />
(81-), 102. Gymnogramme (Selliguea) digitata, n. sp.<br />
Eootstock wide-creeping, hypogreous, -J in. diam. Stipes remote,<br />
naked, stiffly erect, a foot or more long. Frond deltoid, membranous,<br />
glabrous, 0-9 in. long and broad, cut down nearly to the<br />
base into five entire lanceolate acuminate segments, about half a<br />
foot long, and an inch broad. Sori linear, erecto-patent, parallel,<br />
produced from the midrib nearly to the margin. Veining of<br />
G. elliptica.—Near G. elliptica and paliiiata.<br />
1923, bis. Vittaria lineuta Sw.<br />
1922. F. elomjata Sw.<br />
(1-), 1921. Antrophyum vittarioides, n. sp.— Stipes tufted,<br />
very short ; paleae lanceolate, nearly black. Frond linear, entire,<br />
moderately firm in texture, green and glabrous on both surfaces,<br />
^ ft. long, |~i in. broad at the middle, narrowed gradually to the<br />
base and apex. Veins forming long narrow areola) parallel with<br />
the midrib and margin, without any free included veinlets. Sori<br />
distinctly intramarginal, sunk in a distinct groove, forming sometimes<br />
a double row.—Stands just on the line of boundary between<br />
Vittaria and Antrophijum.<br />
1925. A. reticidatum Kaulf.<br />
63, 1894. 2Ienisciiu)i simplex Sw.<br />
62, 1895. M. triphyllum Sw.<br />
159. Vrymofjlossum subcordatum Fee.<br />
1934. ,, ,, a small form of var. obvatmn.<br />
19G7. AcrosticJium quercij'oliuvi llct'/..<br />
1891. A. ajqjendictiltitiDii Willd.<br />
1893. A. cariabilc Hook.<br />
1887. A. subrcpanduni Hook,, type; and 1880, an abnormal<br />
form with sori as in Meniscium deltif/enini ^^'all., which is an<br />
abnormal form of A. rirens.<br />
137, 1977. OsDiundajavanicaBhwiie.<br />
109. Lyijudiiini japonicum S\V.<br />
171. L. dicJiotuiituin Sw.<br />
170. L. scandcns Sw.<br />
168. L. pulystaclujum Wall.<br />
174. Schiza:a dichotoma Sw.<br />
160, 1943. Anyiojiteris evccta Hofifm.<br />
1985. Lycopodiiim cannatum Dcsv.<br />
1990. ScUuiinella plumusa 13aker.<br />
0. S. WaiUchii Sjiring.<br />
9, 19. S. caHlesce}ts S^ning.
268 CAMPANULAEUM NOVARUM DECAS PRIMA.<br />
1992. S. Jiiihellata Spring.<br />
1994. S. canaliculata Baker.<br />
14, 986, 987. -S'. pronifora Baker.<br />
(<strong>31</strong>8*), 1997. Selaginella (Heterostachys) tonkinensis, n,sp.<br />
— Stem fugacious, ascending, i-l ft. long, copiously branched,<br />
lower leafy ; branches above ^ in. broad. Leaves of lower plane<br />
membranous, ovate-lanceolate, vei-y obtuse, contiguous on the<br />
branchlets, ^ in. long, much rounded on the upper side at the base ;<br />
those of the upper plane ovate-lanceolate, with a large cusp.<br />
Spikes copious, reaching an inch in length ; of the lower plane,<br />
ovate, of the upper plane twice as long, green, ovate-lanceolate.<br />
Habit of S. atroviridis.<br />
4078. Isoetes coromandclina L. fil.<br />
1982. Equisetum debile Eoxb.<br />
CAMPANULAEUM NOVARUM DEGAS PEIMA<br />
AUCTORE H. FeER.<br />
1. Campanula erucifolia (ex affinitate C. laciniatm L), Lanuginoso-hirsuta.<br />
Caules 1-2 (pumih vel 15-20 cm. alti, 2-3 mm.<br />
crassi) pauciflori. Folia profunde et regulariter laciniato-lyrata<br />
laciniis distantibus ; radicalia ovato-oblonga in lacinias ovato-lanceolatas<br />
ad f fissa ; caulina lauceolata laciniis subliuearibus. Flores<br />
breviter pedunculati, ut in C. laciniatd magni. Calix tomentosus ;<br />
lobi triangulares acuti, corolla i-3-plo breviores, erecti ;<br />
appendices<br />
ovato-rotundatffi. Corolla extus hirsuto-puberula intus glabra late<br />
infundibularis ad i fissa basi lata, lobis parabolicis acutis erectis.<br />
Stamina ut in typo : squamfe cordate superne angustatae ciliis<br />
brevissimis crassis nounullis longioribus prffiditae ; filamenta late<br />
linearia, squamis f breviora ;<br />
antherfe longissim^e lineares obtuse.<br />
Stilus crassus, ut in typo exsertus, ad ^ longitudinis pilosus ;<br />
stigmata 4-5 stilo 4-plo breviora crassa fusiformia obtusa. Capsula<br />
et semina mihi non visa. Flor. Maio.<br />
Syn. C. laciinata Boiss. Fl. Or. Suppl. 330, non Fl. Or.<br />
llah. Ad rupes m. Lastos insulse Karpathos (Pichler Exs.<br />
Karpath. 439).<br />
Characterized by its small size, wholly whitish indumentum<br />
(which in C. laciniata consists of very short hooked hairs), regularly<br />
and profoundly laciniate leaves, and flowers with short peduncles.<br />
2. C. Sporadum (ex aflinitate C. lyrata. Lamk.). Spectabilis,<br />
2-3-pedalis rarius minor hirsuta vel hirsuto-hispida ciuerascens.<br />
Caules plures e basidecumbente arcuato-asceudentes vel elati, foliosi,<br />
plus minus longe et laxe ramosi. Folia obscura ; radicalia semper<br />
magna lyrata. Flores magni (rarissime parvi). Eeceptaculum<br />
hirsuto-villosum. Calix demum vix ampliatus ; lobi acuti semper<br />
erecti ; appendices sub irregulariter ventricosfe, receptaculo non<br />
adpressse, cano-hirsuta). Corolla ea C. bjratcc semper maior latius<br />
tubulosa aut angusta et tunc corollam G. Gehii simulans. Staminum<br />
squama) latiuscuhe ovatae. Castera typica. Flor. Aprili, Maio.
CAMPANL'LARUM NOVAKUM DEGAS I'lU.MA. 209<br />
Syn. C. rupcstris A. DC. Prodr. vii., 458 pp., quoad pi. Rbodiam<br />
Aucberi—nou Sibth.<br />
C. tumentosd Boiss., Fl. Or. iii., 897 pp.<br />
Eccsicc. Aucber, Herb. d'Orient, 1301, 3821, 3822.—Bourgeaii,<br />
Rbodos, 108, 215 (" Celsii "), 109 pp., 216 ('< lyrata "). Forsytb-<br />
Major 37, 459, 459^ ("lyrata") 330, 575 (" tomentosa").<br />
Hab. In Sporadum insulis. Rbodi (Aucber) in rupibus maritimis<br />
montinni Smitb & Filierimo (Bourgeau), Kalymni ad Halki,<br />
Sami (Forsytb-Major).<br />
Tbis seems to be tbe local representative of C. lyrata, wliicb<br />
does not occur in its typical form on tbe islands mentioned. It is<br />
somewbat variable in liabit. On dry places it bas more tbe li/ratatype,<br />
on sbady ones it bas, wben getting flaccid, a certain similitude<br />
witb C. nqjestris Sibtb., and, especially as to flowers, witb C. Celsii<br />
A.DC.<br />
3. C. lyratella (ex affinitate C. hjratm Lamk.). Cinerascenti-<br />
virens dense birsuto-bispidula. Caules stricti, pro altitudine crassi<br />
(3-4 mm.) foliosi non rubescentes. FoUa birsutissima uudulatocrenata<br />
; caulina suberecta. Flores parvi numerosi, in racemum<br />
angustum densiorem vix caulis h attingentem dispositi. Eeceptaculum<br />
dense birsuto-bispidum. Calicis lobi ovato -triangulares<br />
erecti, corolla | breviores, appendices magnae, receptaculum subbrevius<br />
occultantes. Corolla 10-12 mm. longa anguste tubulosa,<br />
extus rigide birsuta. Staminum squama subangulato-ovatae, tenuius<br />
quam in typo ciliatsB. Stilus subexsertus cylindricus vix fusiformis;<br />
stigmata stilo 4-plo breviora anguste linearia. Flor. Maio, lunio.<br />
Hab. In Isauri;^ aridis montanis inter Koniab et Beycbebr<br />
(Heldr. Exsicc. 854 in Hb. Boiss. s. nom. C. lyrata var. mkrantlicB<br />
Boiss.).<br />
Tbe typical C. lyrata is an inbabitant of tbe coast ranges, wbere<br />
it extends from Adalia in tbe soutb, up to Constantinople, and<br />
reappears (ex Trautvetter) at tbe confines of Transcaucasia. C.<br />
lyratella is an inland plant, found as yet in Isauria only. Its rougb<br />
dense indument of a dull grey, strong stems, and small and<br />
numerous flowers are cbaracteristic.<br />
C. GAEGANICA Auct.—Tbe following five species form a small<br />
group of pretty Bell-flowers, togetber witb C. garganica Ten., under<br />
wbicb name tbey bave till now been generally confounded. Tbeir<br />
geograpbic distribution is not witbout interest. C. garganica and<br />
C. Barheyi are from Blount Gargano, wbicb is quite isolated from tbe<br />
otber Italian mountains, and migbt well bave been connected, in<br />
earlier periods, witb tbe opi)Osite Illyrian coast, to wbicb tbree of<br />
tbe otber species belong, one growing furtber down in Cepbalonia.<br />
In fact, tbe connection seems to be traced now-a-days, by tbe<br />
islands tbat are spread over tbis part of tbe Adriatic. ('. garganica,<br />
was first described by TilU in bis Cat. bort. Pis. (1728), tben by<br />
Tcnore in * Memorie della Keale Academia delle Scienze ' (1H27),<br />
wbere be gives a long description and a very good figure. He afterwards<br />
found (\ Jlarhryi, and taking it for a glabrous variety of tbe<br />
former, distriljuted it under tbe same nauio. His description may<br />
be applied in a bigber or lesser degree to any species of tbe group,
270 CAJIPANULARU-M NOVARUM DECAK PRIMA.<br />
and this explains why Visiani (1842) and Keiclienbach, jiin. (1860),<br />
ascribe to C. Garganica their Illyrian specimens, which bear, more-<br />
over, a great resemblance to the type.<br />
The group is nearly related to (J. Elatines L., and C. elatinoides<br />
Moretti, and also with C. Purtmselihujiana E. & S. C.femstreUata,<br />
especially, has a striking similitude to the latter, as far as leaves<br />
and stems are concerned.<br />
In order to limit descriptions of the single species to differential<br />
characters, I here give the common characters of the group.<br />
Khizoma (4-8 cm. long., 4-6 mm. crass.), subeburneum ob<br />
foliorum vetustorum bases persistentes dense noduloso-squamosum.<br />
Caules diffusi, e saxorum rimis pendentes vel ascendentes, foliosi<br />
raniosi. Folia cordato-orbicularia vel cordato-ovata, grosse crenatodentata<br />
petiolata subsimilia ; radicalia petiolis limbo 3-6-plo longioribus<br />
prtedita. Flores inter minores strict! racemosi. Eeceptaculum<br />
rotundato-cyathiforme, nervis carinalibus conspicuis, suturalibus<br />
brevibus. Calicis lobi lanceolati. Corolla caerulea tubo albicante,<br />
in speciebus vestitis extus puberula, intus glabra aut imo pilosula,<br />
ad I et ultra fissa, lobis patenti-reflexis. Staminum squamae dense<br />
fimbriate ciliis obtusis ; filamenta squamis plus minus longiora angusta<br />
; antherse lineares apiculo subulato. Gynoeceum 3-merum.<br />
Stilus exsertus caerulescens, pars inferior glabra superiore incrassata<br />
pilosa duplo fere longior. Stigmata linearia. Placentte crassae, ad<br />
dimidium usque bilobae. Ovula pauca ovalia. Capsula globosa,<br />
nervis prominentibus, parietibus pellucidis, rimil transversal! supra<br />
basin duhiscens. Semina parva crassiuscuia, ambitu subovalia, basi<br />
truncata, uno latere marginata.<br />
C. GARGANICA Ten. (sensu stricto). Dense hirsuta vel incauopubescens,<br />
raro glabella flaccida. Caules (20-45 cm. long. 1-1^ mm.<br />
crassi) ab imo fere ramosi. Folia dentibus obsoletis aut conspicuis<br />
latis obtusis prsedita ; radicaha subrotunda ; caulina cordata<br />
plus minus acuta. Flores maiusculi, pedunculis tenuibus 8-5-plo<br />
longioribus patulis suffulti, racemum longum laxum anguste<br />
pyramidalem formantes. Alabastrum angustum cylindrico-conicum.<br />
Eeceptaculum elhpsoideo-cyathiforme. Calicis lobi anguste lanceolati<br />
acuti, corolla ^ breviores, sub anthesi et postea patulo-<br />
reflexi. Corolla (10 mm. alta, 15 mm. lata) intus glabra ad %<br />
fissa, lobis pulchre cyaneis arcuato-patulis. Staminum squamae<br />
cordato-acuminatae, filamentis aquilongae ciliavum longitudine<br />
8-plo latiores ; antherae filamentorum squamarumque summam<br />
longitudine ajquantes. Pollen sulfureum. Stilus corolla duplo<br />
longior ; stigmata stilo 8-plo breviora. Capsula parva : (3 4<br />
mm.). Semina (0-5 : 0-45 mm.) planiuscula luridaopaca rugosula.<br />
Flor. lunio. (v. v.).<br />
Sijn. Tilli, Cat. hort. Pis., 1723, p. 29.—Tenore, Memor. lette<br />
1827 alia Eeale Acad. Scienze, p. 101, t. 5, f. A. Fl. Neap. in. 203<br />
Icon. t. 224 f. A. Sylloge Fl. Nap. 95.— Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser.<br />
ii. t. 252 (glabriuscula).—Tanfani, in Pari. Fl. It. viii, 115 (excl.<br />
loc. Illyr.).<br />
Hah. In Gargani montibus San Angelo et Sacro 300-800 m.<br />
alt. (Ten., Gussone, Giordano, Porta & Eigo).
CAMPANULAKUM iNOVAKU.U DECAS i'KlilA. 271<br />
Has leaves of a light or greyish green, and sky-blue flowers on<br />
thin and long peduncles.<br />
4. C. Barbeyi. Glabra (raro subpuberula) saturate virens<br />
rigidula crassiuscula. Caules (15-35 cm. longi, 2 mm. crassi) ab<br />
imo fere ramosi. Folia dentibus latis aoutiusculis ; radicalia subrotuudavel<br />
cordata; caulina cordato-ovata plus minus acuta. Flores<br />
maiusculi, peduuculis validis requilongis vel ad 3-plum in longioribus<br />
patulis suffulti, racemum laxum angustum compositum formantes.<br />
Receptaculum cyathiforme basi truncatum, nervis vix conspicuis.<br />
Calicis lobi lanceolati acuti, corolla ^^ breviores, sub anthesi et postea<br />
patulo-reflexi. Corolla (10 mm. alta, 12-14 mm. lata) paullo ultra ^<br />
fissa uudique glabra ; lobi violaceo-casrulei raro pallidi arcuatopatuli.<br />
Staminum squamae latre cordato-acumiuatffi, filamentis agquilongie,<br />
ciliarum brevissimarum longitudiue 12-1 5 -plo latiores ; antherae<br />
summa filamentorum squamarumque ^ longiores. Pollen sulfureum.<br />
Stilus corolla vix 2-plo longior ; stigmata stilo 8-plo breviora. Capsula<br />
ut in priore. Semiua (0*5 : 0*4 mm.) crassiuscula badia<br />
nitida. Flor. luuio. (v.v.).<br />
Syn. C. ganjanica in Lindl. Bot. Keg., t. 1768 (bona).—Taufaui<br />
I.e. (quoad spec, glabra).<br />
Exdcc. Porta & Rigo, It. Ital., sec, 223 (Hb. Boiss., Eeut).<br />
Hah. lisdem locis cum C. (jcmjanicd (Tenore, Schouw, Porta &<br />
Rigo).<br />
Constant in culture, and well distinguished by the totality<br />
of its characters, this can by no means be regarded as a glabrous<br />
form of C. (/an/anicu, from which it is easily discerned by its solid<br />
frame, its thickish leaves of a dark green, and its violet-blue, rarely<br />
pale, flowers on rather short peduncles.<br />
I dedicate it to M. William Barbey, of Yaleyres, in whose<br />
gardens this lovely species is cultivated.<br />
5. C. istriaca. Tomentoso-hirsuta, tomento superne densiore,<br />
in sicco sa^pe flavescente. Caules (20-30 cm. longi, 2-3 mm. crassi),<br />
in sicco straminei striati, a medio fere foliati et ramosi, ramis sub-<br />
erectis. Folia duplicato- (raro simpliciter) dentata, dentibus acutis,<br />
cordato-vel ovato-acuta. Florus allinium maximi, pedunculis 2-4plo<br />
longioribus, in racemum versus apiceni caulis congestum pyramidalem<br />
dispositi. Alabastrum magnum (10-12 mm.) late fusiforme.<br />
Receptaculum semi-ellipsoidcum, nervis etiamsuturalibus conspicuis.<br />
Calicis lobi corolla 3-plo breviores, lanceolati obtusiusculi, sub<br />
anthesi erecti, demum patuli vel reflexi. Corolla (10-12 mm. alta,<br />
ad 20 mm. lata), ultra f incisa, lobis patcntibus reflexis, intus basi<br />
pilosula. Stamina iis specierum affinium subduplo lougiora<br />
( 10 squamae deltoideo-ovatic longe angustata}, filamentis sub-<br />
mm.) ;<br />
sequilongiB, ciliarum longitudine 3-plo fere latiores ; antherae angustae,<br />
suramam filamentorum squamarumque longitudine asquantes. Stilus<br />
stigmata stilo<br />
(10 mm.) longe exsertus, superne paullo incrassatus ;<br />
4-plo breviora, augusto linearia. Capsula (4 : 4*5 ram.). Semina<br />
(O'B : 0-45 mm.) planiuscula flavesceutia opaca. Flor. lunio.<br />
Syn. C. yanjanica, Visiani<br />
pp.—Rchb. f. Ic. Fl. Germ., t.<br />
Fl. Dalm. i., t. 14 (bona) ii., 132<br />
247 (indumeuto neglecto). —Koch,<br />
Syn. Germ. Hclv. ed. 3. (1857) 407.
272 L'AMPANULARUM NOVARUM DECAS PRIMA.<br />
C. Portenschlagiana, /3. pubescens<br />
Herb. Prodr. !<br />
A. DC. Prodr. vii. 476 pp. ex<br />
Hab. In Istria, ad rupes maritimas : Fianona (Tommasini), in<br />
insulis Clierso (Biasoletto) et Veglia (Tommasini ex Koch).<br />
Characterised by its (at least in sicca) straw-coloured stems,<br />
whitish leaves and large flowers on villous peduncles ; it is the most<br />
robust species of the group.<br />
6. C. fenestrellata. Dense cfespitosa, laete virens, glaberrima.<br />
Caules (15-20 cm. longi, 1-2 mm. crassi) decumbentes vel ascendentes,<br />
inferne minus foliati, a -1^ ramosi ramis erectis. Folia plerumque<br />
duplicato-dentata, dentibus magnis triangularibus argutis,<br />
ovato-cordata acuta. Flores mediocres, longe pedunculati, racemum<br />
versus caulis apicem confertum formantes. Alabastrum (6-8 mm.)<br />
ovale. Eeceptaculum semi-ellipsoideum, nervi carinales virides,<br />
cum parenchymate albican te alternante fenestrellas pulchras formantes<br />
(inde nomen). Calicis lobi corolhi 3-4-plo breviores e basi<br />
angustiore lanceolati, acutiusculi, sub anthesi erecti, demum plus<br />
minus reflexi, dentibus plerumque conspicuis. Corolla mediocris<br />
(6 mm. alta, 12-15 lata) adf incisa, rotata micans, intus basi pilosula<br />
; lobi lilaciui plane patentes, apice recurvi. Staminum squamae<br />
cordato-ovatffi, filamentis sublongiores, ciliarum longitudine 5-plo<br />
latiores ; anthers summa squamarum filamentorumque paullo<br />
longiores. Pollen dilute c^ruleum. Stilus corolla 2-3-i)lo longior ;<br />
stigmata stilo 6-plo breviora. Capsula (2-5 : 3 mm.) Semina<br />
(0'9 : 0-5 mm.) ambitu angulosa brunnea opaca. Flor. lunio et<br />
lulio (v. v.).<br />
Syn. C. fjarganica Visiani, Fl. Dalm. ii. 132 pp.<br />
Exsicc. Pichler, PI. Croat. Httor. Istr. a. 1869, 1870, 1871.<br />
Hab. Croatia, in monte Vellebit (Pichl.). Dalmatia, loco non<br />
amplius indicato (Visiani, Hb. DC).—Variat caulibus ad 30 cm.<br />
longis longius et anguste racemosis, foliis radicalibus maioribus,<br />
floribus maioribus et minoribus.<br />
This species is the one most commonly cultivated in the<br />
Geneva gardens ;<br />
a pale shiny lilac.<br />
it forms large green tufts adorned with flowers of<br />
7. C. lepida. Glabra delicatula. Caules (15-20 cm. longi, 1,<br />
5-2, 5 mm. crassi) ascendentes, in sicco straminei, a medio fere<br />
foliati et ramosi, ramis erectis tenuibus ramulosis. Folia iis<br />
prtecedentis subsimilia, obtusius dentata. Flores parvi, pedunculis<br />
2-plo longioribus teuuissimis strictis plerumque corymboso-fasciculatis<br />
sufl'ulti, racemum angustum iuterruptum formantes.<br />
taculum 1 mm. magnum obconicum, interdum setulosum.<br />
Eecep-<br />
Calicis<br />
lobi corolla 3-plo fere breviores angusti,<br />
reflexi. Corolla (6 mm. alta, 10 lata)<br />
sub anthesi erecti, postea<br />
ad | fissa, lobi arcuatopatuli.<br />
Staminum squamae minimae deltoideae, filamentis plus<br />
duplo breviores, ciliarum longitudine 5-plo latiores ; antherae solis<br />
filamentis sub^equilongae, breviter apiculata). Stilus corolla l|^-plo<br />
longior ; stigmata stilo 5-plo breviora, latiuscula obtusa. Capsula<br />
: 2-5 mm.). Semina (0-5 : 0*45 mm.) crassa rotundato-<br />
parva (2<br />
ovalia castanea nitida. Flor. Maio.<br />
Exsicc. Ecbb. Germ. 321,
CAMPANUIiARTJM NOVARUM DECAS PRIMA. 273<br />
Hab. Dalmatia, loco amplius non indie. (Visiani in Hb. DC. &<br />
Boiss.), in insula Osego (Spruner, Hb. Boiss.)—Origo specimimim<br />
Reichenbachio distributorum a cl. incerta (" Dalmatien, an alteu<br />
Maueru liiugs des Morlakkeu-Canals, auf deui Miuaret von Dernis,<br />
an Felsen um Almissa.").<br />
Though nearly related to the former, and similar as to general<br />
habit, it may be distinguished by its small numerous flowers, on<br />
thin and, as a rule, clustered peduncles ; the stamens and seeds<br />
offer good technical characters.<br />
8. C. Cephallenica. Inconspicua. Caules flagellares (30-45<br />
cm. longi, 2—i mui. crassi) ascendentes brunnei, pilis mollibus<br />
patulis vestiti, simplices, remote foliati. FoUa cordato-ovata grosse<br />
et obtuse dentata, iudumento adpresso subtomentosa vel glabrescentia.<br />
Flores pauci (5-8) minusculi, pedunculis tenuissimis arcuatopatalis<br />
subffiquilougi in racemum terminalem laxum simplicem<br />
dispositi. Eeeeptaculum subglobosum, sicut calices molliter setulosum.<br />
Calicis lobi angusti basi attenuati acutissimi, corolla ^<br />
breviores, sub anthesi et postea reflexi. Corolla (6-8 mm. alta, 10-<br />
12 lata) ultra f fissa, lobis patulis cferuleis. Staminum squamae<br />
ovattB, filamentis duplo fere longiores, longit-udine ciliarum G-plo<br />
latiores : antherae summa filamentorum squamarumque duplo lon-<br />
giores, breviter apiculatte. Stilus gracilis, corolla duplo longior,<br />
pars eius glabra piliferam subtequans ; stigmata stilo 8-plo breviora.<br />
Capsula parva (2 : 2-5 mm.). Semina inter maiora (0-9 : 0-5 mm.)<br />
subovalia crassiuscula badia nitida. Flor. lunio, lulio.<br />
Syn. C. garganica Boiss. Fl. Or. iii. 918.<br />
Hah. In insula Cephallenia pr. Taphius eparchife occid.<br />
Paliki (Heidi', exsicc. 3705) et in monte Ainos hodie Monteuero<br />
(Letourneux, PL Or. vari^ 3460).<br />
According to its station, which is at a considerable distance<br />
from those of the other species, this is distinct in every respect ;<br />
long flaccid stems, with sparse leaves and few-flowered<br />
its<br />
terminal<br />
raceme, give it a characteristic appearance.<br />
9. C. Brotherorum (ex affinitate C sarmatu-m Ker).-^ Hirsutohispidula.<br />
Caulis erectus subflexuosus (50 cm. altus), pro altitudine<br />
gracilis, simplex. Folia iis C. sarmaUca rigidiora, cteterum subsimilia.<br />
Flores magni erecti vel subuutantes baud secundi, pedunculis<br />
gracilibus longioribus, a medio caule racemum anguste<br />
pyramidalem simplicem formantes. Alabastrum (30 mm. fere<br />
longum) angustum subclavatum. Receptaculum scmi-cUipsoideum.<br />
Calix ut in typo. Corolla (30 mm. longa) anguste infundibularis ad<br />
incisa, lobis parabolicis<br />
I<br />
ercctis in marginc ciliatis, cajterum glabra.<br />
Stamina iis 0. saruiaticm maiora. Stilus inclusus, parte superiore<br />
pilifora incrassatus. Capsula et semina mihi non visa. Fl. lulio.<br />
Uah. In ditione Ossetia Caucasi centralis inter Jcdisi et Kadlasem<br />
ad flumou Didi Liacliva (Broth. Cauc. 592).<br />
A species of secondary order, the habit and cliaracters of which<br />
seem, however, to entitle it to an independent place.<br />
10. C. cantabrica. Busilla, obscure virens, surculosa. Radix<br />
pro planta crassa (8-12 mm. longa) napuliformis, cauliciilos plures<br />
tenuea primo humifusos demum ascendentes emittens. Caules<br />
.Journal of Botany.— Vol. 28. [September, 1890,] t
274 RUBUS SILVATICUS W. & N.<br />
filiformes erecti subflexuosi (6-10 cm. alti) glabri striati uniflori.<br />
Folia parva (6-10 mm. longa) ; radicalia suborbicularia vel late ovalia<br />
margine ciliata ; caulina ovata vel plus minus angn.ste lanceolata<br />
obtusiuscula glabrescentia suberecta, margine integro revoluto<br />
lineata, ad caulis basin conferta. Floras erecti. Eeceptaculum<br />
anguste obconicum, siccando nigricans, nervis paullo prominentibus<br />
sequidistantibus. Calicis lobi (ut in C. jiatuld) triangulari-lineares<br />
acuti erecti subfalcati, corolla ^ breviores. Corolla anguste infundibu-<br />
laris, undique glabra, vix ad ^ incisa ; lobi late triangulares patuli.<br />
Staminum squamfe suborbiculares, breviter ciliatfe ; filamenta<br />
squamis ^ longiora e basi latiore angustata ; antlieraB lineares, filamentis<br />
solis 3-plo longiores. Pollen luteum. Stili pars inferior<br />
glabra strictura transieus in piliferam incrassatam obtusam subaequilongam<br />
; stigmata late linearia, stilo 10-plo breviora. Ovarium<br />
vertice fere planum. Ovula parva numerosa. Capsula et semina<br />
mihi non visa (dehiscentiffi locus dubius). Fl. lulio.<br />
Syn. C. pusilla Haenke, var. ? calycina Wk. & Lge., Prodr. Fl.<br />
Hisp. ii., 292.<br />
Rah. In Hispaniffi bor. montibus Cantabricis, apud Convento<br />
de Arvas regni Legionensis in glareosis torrentum (Bourgeau, PI.<br />
d'Esp. 1864, n. 2656 (s. nom. C. jmsilld, var. ? Cosson).<br />
The concordance of habit wliicli this plant shows with C. cochleariifolia<br />
Lamk., 1783 = {C. jmsil la Hffiuke, 1788), is chiefly a consequence<br />
of the fact that both are sjjecies (jlareoscB. Most of its<br />
characters do not occur in any of the forms of cochleariifoUa ; thus<br />
the fusiform root, the dark rigid leaves with revolute borders, the<br />
smgle erect flowers with along receptacle and broad calyx-lobes, as<br />
well as the conformation of the style, separate C. cantahrica from<br />
the said species, and there remains still an uncertainty as to its<br />
nearest relations.<br />
RUBUS SILVATICUS W. & N.<br />
By T. K. Akcher Briggs, F.L.S.<br />
So long ago as 1880, when I published the ' Flora of Plymouth,'<br />
I thought it possible that a bramble mentioned therem, in the last<br />
paragraph under R. villicauHs, would prove to be the R. silvaticus<br />
W. & N. I had not at that time a copy of the ' Kubi Germanici<br />
to refer to, but was led to take this view through noticing the close<br />
resemblance between specimens of the plant in question and<br />
Continental ones of silvaticus received from Dr. Focke.<br />
Since then, however, I have found the English plant to agree<br />
fairly well in essential features with both the plate and description<br />
of silvaticus in the great German work (Eubi Ger. tab. xv. p. 41).<br />
Moreover, I had the pleasure last year of showing a growing bush<br />
of it to Dr. Focke, and this led to his notice of the species in his<br />
recent " Notes on English Eubi " (Journ. Bot. xxviii. p. 130, May,<br />
1890). It is with great satisfaction that I find him saying in reference<br />
to the English plants, "Mr. Briggs showed me, near Plymouth,
RUBUS SILVATICUS W. & N. 275<br />
a bramble lie supposed to be R. silvaticns W. & N., and I think it<br />
agrees very well with that species."<br />
As this Rubiis is very well marked, and one which I have good<br />
reason to think will be found to have a wide distribution in<br />
England, I consider it well to call the attention of English botanists<br />
to it by a special notice and description, the latter drawn up from<br />
fresh specimens :<br />
E. SILVATICUS W. & N. Stem arcuate-prostrate, strong, often<br />
branched, angular, with polished flat surface or shallow furrows,<br />
green or purplish green, glabrous, or occasionally with some hairs.<br />
Prickles fairly numerous, short, very strong, mostly uniform m<br />
size, from a long, greatly-compressed base, declining, confined to<br />
the angles. Leaves all 5-nate, stalked. Leaflets dentate-serrate<br />
towards their tip, coarsely and simply serrate below, green on both<br />
sides, with scattered hairs above, thickly pilose beneath, equidistant,<br />
remarkably waved at and towards the edges ; basal narrowly<br />
obovate or oblong, acute, with sides more or less unequal and<br />
narrowed at the base ; intermediate obovate, abruptly acuminate,<br />
narrowed or wedge-shaped towards the base ; terminal longstalked,<br />
obovate- or oval-acuminate, sometimes subcordate at the<br />
base ; petioles with many short, strong, uncinate or declining<br />
prickles ;<br />
stipules linear-lanceolate.<br />
Flowerinfj shoot rather long, with short hairs. Prickles few, or<br />
fairly numerous, short, declining, from very long, compressed<br />
bases. Leaves 5-nate, much resembling those of the stem. I^anicle<br />
often compound, narrow from beyond its lowest portion, somewhat<br />
flexuose, thickly clothed with short, uniform, woolly hairs, especially<br />
towards the top ; prickles very few, short, declining, lower<br />
branches axillary, sub-patent, from at least 3-nate leaves, racemosecorymbose<br />
; branches short, patent or sub-patent, from 3-nate,<br />
lobed or simple leaves, which are remarkably acuminate and<br />
coarsely cut, gradually degeneratmg into long trifid or simple<br />
bracts that are present to the top of the panicle ; smaller branches<br />
often three-flowered, with each peduncle at nearly a right angle to<br />
the branch from which it springs ; peduncles sometimes with a<br />
number of slender aciculi. Sepals thickly clothed with short woolly<br />
hairs and felted, ovate, with short point, reflexed from the fruit.<br />
Petals ovate, large, uniform, concave, emarginate, suddenly<br />
narrowed into a short claw, pure white ; stamens long, exceeding<br />
the styles ; filaments white. Styles yellowish green. Fruit<br />
uniform.<br />
The marked features of this bramble place it among our most<br />
distinct and easily recognised ones, and, as a Plymouth plant,<br />
I have known and observed it for more than twenty years past. It<br />
occurs very generally in open bushy spots and hedges, not<br />
attaining full development in shade or thickly wooded places.<br />
I possess a specimen collected so long ago as 1818, by the Rev.<br />
W. H. Coleman, whose name appears on the label, together with<br />
the particulars, " lUibus, Thieves Lane, Hertford, 1813-7-1-4.—>,'o.<br />
1012." To this some one has added in pencil-markings, " nitidus ,"<br />
by this name having doubtless meant the nitidiis of Bell-Saltcr, our<br />
t2
276 OLD HEEBARIA.<br />
present Lindleianus Lees, to which species silvaticus bears considerable<br />
resemblance, although by its mode of growth it belongs<br />
to another of Babington's groups.<br />
Apart from the neighbourhood of Plymouth I have seen or<br />
received this Bubm from the following places in England :—<br />
E. Cornwall: Between Doublebois and Liskeard ; S. Neots<br />
near Lavethan, Blisland.<br />
S. Devon : Avon Valley, between S. Brent and Dartmoor<br />
Koster Bridge, near Totnes ; Bovey Tracey ; Canon teign Down ;<br />
Lustleigh.<br />
iV. Devon : Lynton ; Herb. Rev. W. Moyle Rogers.<br />
S. Wilts : Landport ; E. J. Tatum ; Herb. id.<br />
Dorset : Gore Heath, near Wareham ; noticed here in company<br />
with Dr. Focke and the Eev. W. Moyle Eogers in 1889.<br />
Herb. W. P. Hiern.<br />
Surrey : Sheen Common ;<br />
Herts:<br />
Salop :<br />
Thieves Lane, Hertford; Rev. W. H. Coleman.<br />
Hedge, Longwynd Hill, in plenty, 1886 ; Herb. Rev. W.<br />
Moyle Roger's.<br />
OLD HERBAEIA.<br />
We take the following from an interesting paper by Mr. G. C.<br />
Druce, published in the 'Pharmaceutical Journal' for January<br />
last :<br />
" The origin of the word herbarium, as applied to a dried collection,<br />
is by no means certain. It is true we frequently meet with<br />
the name in the older writers, but to them it meant a book about<br />
plants, and generally an illustrated book. Tournefort alluded to<br />
the ' Herbarium ' of Fuchs, when he referred to his ' Historia<br />
Stirpium ; so too the '<br />
' ' Herbarium of Mattioli did not refer to his<br />
collection, but to his ' Commentary on Dioscorides.' But it is<br />
evident that dried plants were sent by one botanist to another, for<br />
Mattioli alludes in 1543 to plants that had been sent to him; but<br />
whether these were dried in bundles or fastened to paper is left uncertain.<br />
It is probable that one of the earliest herbaria formed<br />
was made by Luca Ghini, Professor of Botany at Bologna, about<br />
1540. From a letter of Maranta to Mattioli it is evident that<br />
Ghini sent several plants that were glued on paper and labelled to<br />
Mattioli, very shortly after the publication of ' Mattioh's Commentary<br />
' in 1548. Ghini died in 1556. Two pupils of his, Cesalpiui<br />
and Aldrovaudi, made herbaria ; and our own countryman, Falconer,<br />
who certainly had a Hortus Siccus between 1540 and 1547, was<br />
probably also taught either at Bologna or Pisa by Ghini. In Wm.<br />
Turner's ' Herbal,' when referring to Glaux, he says he 'never saw<br />
it in England except in Master Falconer's book, and he brought it<br />
from Italy.' Amatus Lusitanus, who was at Ferrara from 1540 to<br />
1547, speaks of this book of Falconer's as a singular curiosity, such<br />
as he had never seen before. No traces of this book, so far as we<br />
know, exist.<br />
" Aldrovandi, the pupil of Ghini, who died in 1605, left to the<br />
University of Bologna a large quantity of curiosities, among which
OLD HERBARIA. 277<br />
was an * Index Plantarum omnium quas in sexdecim voluminibus<br />
diversis temporibus c.c siccatus (t;iijliitin/irit.' Cesalpiui distinctly<br />
alludes to two dried collections of plants which must have been<br />
formed by him before 1574. The oldest existing collection of<br />
which I am aware is that of Jean Girault, of Lyons, 1558.<br />
Rauwolf brought home from the East over 500 dried plants collected<br />
in the years 1573 to 1576. Kauwolf says of two plants found<br />
near Tripoli that he had glued them with various other foreign<br />
plants. They were preserved in the library at Leyden. Aldrovandi's<br />
collection existed in the early part of the seventeenth<br />
century. Whether it is still preserved I am at present unable to<br />
say. It was made, as was that of Cesalpini, between 1553 and<br />
1563. Adrian Spiegel was probably the first author who described<br />
the method of drying plants, which he did in his ' Isagoges in rem<br />
herbariam,' 1606. He gives the name JwHos hyemales to the<br />
volumes of dried plants.<br />
" It has recently been my good fortune to meet with, at Oxford,<br />
among some bundles of specimens, a very old collection of dried<br />
plants. They had probably been at Oxford for some years, for the<br />
bundle was labelled on the outside by the old curator, Mr. Baxter,<br />
' A collection of very old plants, chiefly British, with MS. descrip-<br />
tions and synonyms. Looked over and cleaned, September, 1862.'<br />
Under this Professor Daubeny had written, ' In the handwriting of<br />
Dillenius, with long description of each plant attached.'<br />
" When the parcel was handed to me by the curator, I saw at<br />
once that it was not Dillenius's handwriting, with which I was very<br />
familiar. On taking it home I quickly saw that the plants were<br />
not British. After a little study I came upon a label which gave<br />
me a clue to their home, and subsequent research proved them to<br />
have been collected by a Capuchin, Gregory of Reggio, in the<br />
province of Bologna (not the more celebrated Reggio in Calabria),<br />
in 1G06. Many of these specimens are admirably preserved. They<br />
were fastened on the paper by means of little strips of paper, not<br />
glued, but with some resinous cement, of which olibanum was the<br />
principal ingredient. To each plant was attached a paper label,<br />
just as the majority of botanists fix them now, /. c, by cutting a<br />
line through the top, and through this loop pushing the plant.<br />
" The labels in themselves are most interesting, as Gregory<br />
gives the synonyms used for the plants by the early writers,<br />
Mattioli, Lobelius, Cesalpini, Fuchs, Camerarius, Tragus, kc.<br />
Also the habitats of the plant in a few cases precisely localised, its<br />
therapeutic uses, and the date of flowering. Occasionally he gives<br />
reasons for differing from preceding authors, or again gives a name<br />
to what he considers to be a new species. Altogether, I suppose<br />
this collection to be unique. It was bound in the leaves of an<br />
Italian service book, and labelled at the back, ' Ilerbarum Divers-<br />
[arnm] Nat [uraliuui] Gregorii a Reggio.' This name probably<br />
has precedence over any other as the title of a collection of plants.<br />
" A writer in the ' Gardeners' Chronicle ' says that he knew of<br />
the existence of the Ilortus Siccus of Gregory of Reggio, but he<br />
refers him to the Calabrian not the Bononian Reggio. it is to the
278 OLD HERBARIA.<br />
latter he really belongs. He was noted for his botanical knowledge,<br />
' herbarum diligentissimus et indefessus investigator, qui<br />
plurimus novas reperit plantas variisque misit, doctissimis in re<br />
herbarus viris, a quibus honorificentissime memoratur.' See Anton.<br />
Bumaldus in ' Bib. Bonon.,' p. 97.' "<br />
It may be of interest to add some notice of a herbarium which<br />
has lately been transferred from the Kew collection to the<br />
Botanical Department of the British Museum. It was formed by<br />
J. M. Ferro, a Venetian apothecary who died in 1673, and is in an<br />
excellent state of preservation. It was at one time in the possession<br />
of L. C. Treviranus, who refers to it in his ' Die Anwending<br />
des Holzschnittes zur bildlichen Darstellung von Pfianzen ' (1855),<br />
p. 46.=*"- It is in three volumes, each with a written title-page, of<br />
which the following is a transcription, in an ornamental printed<br />
border of German design :<br />
" loannis Marise Ferro Veneti Aromataru<br />
Theatru Vegetabiliu<br />
Summo<br />
Lahore, Industria, Sudore, Vigilantia & Experientia<br />
ab eodem<br />
collectoru & in tres Libros digestoru ac dispositoru<br />
Qui<br />
quamplurima alia usq. ad perfectionem<br />
sibi<br />
propositi Operis adiunxisset aliosq. libros confecisset,<br />
Typis<br />
ad hominu utilitatem Opus prestantissimu mandaturus<br />
Ni<br />
Morbo Lethali calculi in Vesica conflictatus, & preuentus<br />
Vita<br />
Cum Morte commutasset<br />
A.D.<br />
M.D.C.L.XXIII<br />
Die<br />
XIX Meusis Junij<br />
Aetatis LXX"<br />
The index to each volume is in the same handwriting as the<br />
above ; on the back of the title of the first is tbe following, in<br />
another hand :<br />
" In Joannem Mariam Ferro Aromatarium Venetum<br />
expertissimum<br />
Primum in arte Botauica<br />
ex innato Calculo Mortuum<br />
etatis<br />
LXX.<br />
* " Das von diesem Ferro nachgelassene Herbarium, welches ich besitze,<br />
besteht aus drei starken Bjinden, deen jeder einen geschriebenen Titel hat,<br />
eingefasst in einen herrlichen Holzschnitt von der Arbeit eiues niclit bezeiehncten,<br />
aber augenscheinlich deutschen Kiinstlers."
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 279<br />
Venetiis Ferro, experto medicamine note<br />
Calculus innatus, vitaque morsque lapis :<br />
Vita fuit langueus, mors dura, exsectus, in orbe<br />
Sternum Ferro, Nominis omen erit."<br />
The plants are all carefully named, no doubt by Ferro himself,<br />
but none have localities added ; they are, as has been said, in an<br />
excellent state of preservation.<br />
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 248.)<br />
Salter, Anthony (fl. 1696). Physician. Of Exeter. Park.<br />
Theatr. 1219. Correspondent of Johnson. Pult. i. 151 (Sadler<br />
by mistake).<br />
Salter, John William (d. 1869) : d. Gravesend, 17 July, 1869.<br />
A.L.S., 1812. Botanical draughtsman. Drew plates for Suppl.<br />
to Eng. Bot., vols. iv. (1849), v. (1863), and wrote preface to<br />
vol. V. Journ. Bot. 1869, 280 ; R. S. C. v. 382.<br />
Salter, Thomas Bell (1814-1858) : d. Southampton, 30 Sept.,<br />
1858. M.D., Edin. F.L.S., 1837. F.B.S. Ed. ' Botany of<br />
Poole, 1839. Contributed to Phyt. i.-iv. Practised at Ryde.<br />
Studied Rubi. Edited (with Sir W. J. Hooker) Bromfield's<br />
'Flora Vectensis,' 1856. Herbarium presented to Linnean<br />
Soc. Pritz. 277; Jacks. 602; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1859, xxxiv.<br />
R. S. C. V. 385.<br />
Salwey, Rev .Thomas (d. 1878) : d. Worthing, Sussex, 1878.<br />
B.D. Canib., 1826. F.L.S. , 1824. Rector of Oswestry, Salop.<br />
Lichenologist. Contrib. to Ann. and Mag., Trans. Bot.<br />
Soc. Ed., and E.B. 2667, 2796, 2861, 2963. ' Lichenes<br />
Britannici exsiccatre.' Bot. in D. Jones's Guide to Harlech,<br />
1863. Found Allium triquetnim in Guernsey, 1847. R. S. C.<br />
V. 387 ; Journ. Bot. 1878, 63. Lecidea Salweil Borrer.<br />
San Giorgio, Contessa Anna di [nee Harley) (d. 1874).<br />
' Catalogo poliglotto delle piante '<br />
: Florence, 1870, Jacks. 9.<br />
Sansom, Thomas (d. 1862). A.L.S., 1843. F.B.S. Ed. Of<br />
Liverpool. Papers on Mosses, and in Proc. Lit. Phil. Soc.<br />
L'pool, 1849-55. 'Fungoid disease of Pear.' Trans. Hist.<br />
Soc. Lane. viii. 1856 ; R. S. C. v. 397.<br />
Saunders, Samuel (11. 1780-1792). Of Leatherhead. Friend<br />
of Sir J. E. Smith. 'Introduction to Botany,' 1792. Pritz.<br />
278; .Jacks. 34.<br />
Saunders, William Wilson (1809-1879) : b. 1809 ; d. Worthing,<br />
Sussex, 13 Sept., 1879. F.L.S., 1833. F.R.S. ' Refugium<br />
Botanicum,' 1868-73. ' Mycological Illustrations,' 1871-2.<br />
Herbarium at the Oxford Museum. Portr. Kew. Pritz. 278
280 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Jacks. 602; E. S. C. v. 412; Journ. Bot. 1879, 320; Gard.<br />
Chron. 1879, ii. 368; Proc. Entomol. Soc. 1879, Ixvi. ; Proc.<br />
Linn. Soc. 1875-80, Iviii. Portr. at Kew.<br />
Scheer, Frederick (1792 ?-1868) : b. Eiigen, 1792 ? ; d. Northfleet,<br />
Kent, 30 Dec, 1868. Cultivated Cacti at Kew Green.<br />
' Kew<br />
and its gardens,' 1840. Contributed to 'Bot. of<br />
Mann7/.ana,' Journ. Bot. 1845, 136; Pritz.<br />
New 'Herald." '<br />
280 ; E. S. C. V. 447 ;<br />
mann = Achiwenes.<br />
Gard. Chron. 1869, 964. Scheeria See-<br />
ScofFern, John (fi. 1839-1870). M.B. ' Outhnes of Botany,'<br />
1857. E. S. C. V. 602; Jacks. 43.<br />
Scott, Hercules R. (fl. 1836). Of Edinburgh. Advocate. Sent<br />
list of plants to A. Murray ('Northern Flora,' 21).<br />
Scott, John (1838?-1880) : b. Denholm, Eoxburghsh., 1838?;<br />
d. Garwald, East Lothian, 10 June, 1880. F.L.S., 1873.<br />
Curator, Calcutta Bot. Gard. ' Tree-ferns of British Sikkim,'<br />
Linn. Trans, xxx. Contrib. to Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed., and to<br />
Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. & x. Jacks. 389. E. S. C. v. 606<br />
Journ. Bot. 1880, 224 ; Trans. B. S. Ed. xiv. 160.<br />
Scott, Robert (d. before 1813). M.D. Prof. Bot. Dubhn, 1804.<br />
Bryologist. Friend of DaAvson Turner. Contrib. Mosses to E.<br />
B. 1181, 1391, 1564. Eees (sub Scottia). Miniature iiortr.<br />
at Kew. Scottia Br.<br />
Scouler, John (1804-1871): b. Glasgow, <strong>31</strong> Dec, 1804; d.<br />
Glasgow, 13 Nov., 1871 ; bur. Kilbaschan. M.D., Glasgow.<br />
F.L.S., 1829. Zoologist and Geologist.<br />
Dublin, 1833-54. Pupil of W. J. Hooker.<br />
Prof. Mineralogy,<br />
Collected in N. W.<br />
America, 1825-7. Plants described in ' Fl. Bor.-Amer.,' 1840.<br />
Bot. Misc. i. 34 ; Trans. Geol. Soc Glasgow, iv. 194 ; E. S. C.<br />
V. 007. Sconleria Hook.<br />
Scott, James Robertson (1789 ?-1821) : b. 1789?; d. 30 Aug.,<br />
1821. F.L.S. F.E.S.E. Lecturer on Bot., Edinburgh.<br />
Pritz. 293.<br />
Seaforth, Francis Lord (fl. 1809). Governor of Barbados,<br />
where he collected Algae for Dawson Turner. Turn. Fuci, ii<br />
130. ' Botanices periti cultoris et fautoris,' Brown. Scaforthia<br />
Br. Fucus Seafuithii Turn.<br />
Sealy (d. before 1834). Collected in Co. Cork. Herbarium sent to<br />
Sir W. Hooker. Eng. Bot. 2782.<br />
Seemann, Berthold Carl (1825-1871): b. Hanover, 28 Feb.,<br />
1825; d. Javah Mine, Nicaragua, 10 Oct., 1871. M.A. and<br />
Ph.D. Gottingen. F.L.S., 1852. On H.M.S. 'Herald,' 1846-<br />
1851. ' Narrative,' 1853. ' Flora Vitiensis,' 1865. In Venezuela,<br />
1864. Edited ' Bonplandia,' 1853-1863, and Journ.<br />
Bot. 1863-69. Pritz. 293 ; Jacks. 605 ; Journ. Bot. 1872, 1,<br />
w. portr. ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1871-2, Ixxiv; Gard. Chron. 1871,<br />
1078, w. portr. ; Portr. in 'Men of Eminence,' 1866 ; Allibone.<br />
Portr. at Kew. Seeiiiannia.<br />
Selby, Prideaux John (1789-1867) : d. Twizell, Northumberland,<br />
27 March, 1867. Of Twizell. Ornithologist. F.L.S. , 1826.<br />
' British Forest Trees,' 1842. Pritz. 294 ; Jacks. 245 ;<br />
bone. Portr, in Ipswich Museum scries. Copy at Kew.<br />
AUi
Biographical indkx of British and ikish botanists. 281<br />
Seller, William (1798-1869) : b. Peterhead, 1798 ; d. Edinburgh ?,<br />
11 April, 1869. M.D., Edhi., 1821. F.B.S. Ed., 1848, Pres.,<br />
1857. 'Nutrition of Plants,' Edin. New. Phil. Journ. xxxix.<br />
50. ' Plants from Davis' Straits,' Traus. Bot. Soc. Ed. ii. 215.<br />
Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed. x. 203.<br />
Seward, John (fi. 1794). M.D. Of Worcester. A.L.S., 1796.<br />
Discovered Hypericum dubiitm. E. B. 296.<br />
Seymer, Henry (1745-1800) : b. Hauford, Dorset, 1745 ; d.<br />
3 Dec, 1800. Of Hanford, Dorset. B.C.L. Oxon. 1771.<br />
D.C.L. 1777. Friend of Pulteney and Solander. Step-uncle<br />
of A. B. Lambert. Had a garden of exotics. Pursh, Fl. Amer.<br />
Sept. ii. 737, Nich. Anec. viii. 201. Hutchins' Hist, of Dorset,<br />
iv. 66. Oil portr. at Linn. Soc. Seymerut Parsh.<br />
Sharpe, Daniel (1806-1856) : b. Marylebone, 1806 ; d. London,<br />
1856. Geologist. Collected in Portugal. F.G.S., 1827.<br />
F.L.S., 1828. Fossil and Portuguese pi. in Herb. Mus. Brit.<br />
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xiii. 1857, xlv. E. B. 2990.<br />
R. S. C. V. 672. Engr. portr. in Bot. Dep. Brit. Mus.<br />
Sharrock, Robert (fl. 1660-1694). Fellow of New Coll., Oxford.<br />
' History of Propagation of Vegetables,' 1660. ' History of<br />
Plants,' 1694. Pritz. 296.<br />
Shaw, George (1751-1813): b. Bierton, Bucks, 10 Dec, 1751;<br />
d. British Museum, 22 July, 1818. B.A. Oxon. 1769. M.D.,<br />
1787. V.P.L.S., 1789. F.R.S., 1789. Deputy Bot. Lecturer<br />
to Sibthorp at Oxford, 1786. Assistant Keeper of Nat. Hist.<br />
Mus. Brit., 1791. Keeper, 1807. ' Cimelia Physica,' 1796.<br />
Wrote descriptions ' for Freeman's Select Specimens of British<br />
Plants,' and also some for Eng. Bot. Mag. Nat. Hist. i. 304.<br />
Gent. Mag. 1813, ii. 290.<br />
Shaw, Henry (1800-1889): b. Sheffield, 24 July, 1800; d. St.<br />
Louis, Missouri, 25 Aug., 1889. Merchant. Founded Missouri<br />
Bot. Garden, 1848 ; est.ibhshed Shaw School of Botany, Washington<br />
University : published Engelmann's Botanical Papers,<br />
1887. Gard. Chron. viii. (1890), 46.<br />
Shaw, Rev. Thomas (1698-1751): b. Kendal, Westmoreland,<br />
1693; d. Oxford, 15 Aug., 1751 ; bur. Braniley, Hants.<br />
B.A. Oxon., 1716.<br />
Algiers till 1738.<br />
D.D., 1784. F.B.S., 1734. CJiaplam at<br />
Principal of St. Edmund Hall and Vicar of<br />
Braraley, 1740. 'Travels in Barbary,' 1738, w. appendix,<br />
enumerating pi., by Dillcnius. PI. at Kew, Journ. Bot. 1880,<br />
256. Pult. ii. 173; Pritz. 296; Jacks. 346. Forster, Gen.<br />
p. 96 ; Nich. Anecd. ii. 287 ; Nich. lUustr. i. 287. Nicholson,<br />
' Annals<br />
of Kendal,' 340. Shawia Forst. ::= Olearia.<br />
Sheffield, Rev. William (1732 ?-1795) : b. Henley, Warwick,<br />
1782'?; (I. Oxford?, '28 June, 1795. B.A. Oxon., 1754. D.D.,<br />
1778. Keeper of Ashmolcan Museum, 1772-1795. Early<br />
friend of Banks. ' Botanico Oxonicnsi imprimis perito,' Forster,<br />
Gen. t. ix. Rees. Nich. lUustr. v. 517. S/n'jfirldui Forst.<br />
= Sainolub.<br />
( I'o be continued.)
282<br />
SHOET NOTES.<br />
Aeabis albida naturalised in Derbyshire.—On the 5th inst. I<br />
was much surprised to meet with Arabis albida Stev. in great<br />
quantity on the northern face of a hmestone rock at Matlock Bath.<br />
The site is opposite the High Tor. The rock rises from a quarry<br />
and stretches upwards to the Heights of Abraham. The phant is<br />
plentiful in gardens in and about Matlock ; but there is no house or<br />
garden near to the cliff on which it has made its home. None of<br />
the plants showed blossoms, though most of them had ripened and<br />
shed their seeds. The habitat is like a natural one, but of course<br />
it is only an accidental case of naturalisation.—W. M. Hind.<br />
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius in East Gloucestershire. —<br />
specimen of this very rare plant was recently sent me by Mrs.<br />
Francis Fawkes, who informed me that she found it in a small<br />
marshy piece of ground of very restricted area. About a dozen<br />
plants were seen. For obvious reasons she does not wish the<br />
exact locality disclosed, but hopes before long to send me a further<br />
specimen- for the British Herbarium in the Natural History Museum<br />
at South Kensington. Frederick J. Hanbury.<br />
Flora of Suffolk. — The Herbarium of Suffolk plants, spe-<br />
cially collected for the preparation of Eev. Dr. Hind's recent ' Flora,'<br />
has been presented by him to the Ipswich Museum.<br />
Arenaria gothica Fries.—This plant was on the 18th August<br />
collected in another West Yorkshire locality by Dr. Silvanus P.<br />
Thompson and his sister Miss R. F. Thompson. Dr. Thompson<br />
had, in the course of a walk a few days before, noticed what he<br />
thought looked like A. gothica, and on the 18th he went to the spot<br />
again with Miss Thompson, who at once recognised the characters<br />
of the Ribblehead plant. The new locality is three miles distant<br />
from Ribblehead, and away from any railway. I cannot at present<br />
report more. There is now a hope, at any rate, that the plant is<br />
indigenous to Yorkshire. Its presence at Ribblehead was certainly<br />
inconclusive, particularly as several attempts have been vainly<br />
made this year to discover it in the district surrounding the<br />
station, and about the quarry whence the road-metal used in the<br />
station yard was brought. I regret to add that the A. gothica is<br />
already in danger of extinction at Ribblehead. When Mr. F. Arnold<br />
Lees visited the spot in September, 1889, there were "hundreds" of<br />
plants. "Dozens of collectors have been there this year," the<br />
Ribblehead peeple say, and the result is that the very existence of<br />
the species is threatened. Is it too much to ask that a " close<br />
time" of at least two seasons be accorded to it ? I appeal to the<br />
honour of botanists. A. gothica has, in its Yorkshire form, been<br />
proved undoubtedly perennial. Plants grown by me (transplanted<br />
from Ribblehead) put forth winter shoots lilce those of garden<br />
pinks, or SaxiJ'raga hgpnoides. Winter and spring specimens sent<br />
to me bore the same, and plants flowering in April still showed the<br />
empty capsules of the previous year. William Whitwell.
283<br />
REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM,<br />
FOR 1889.<br />
By William Caeruthees, F.E.S.<br />
DuEiNG the year 51,652 specimens have been mounted, named,<br />
and inserted in their places in the Herbarium. These have consisted<br />
chiefly of phxnts from Europe, collected by various botanists ; from<br />
Portugal, by the Rev. R. P. Murray ; from Greece, by Hausskuecht;<br />
from Singapore, by Ridley ; from China, by Hance ; from Japan, by<br />
Bisset ; from Borneo, by Whitehead ; from the Atlas Mountains, by<br />
Johnstone ; from Socotra, by Professor Balfour ; from Madagascar,<br />
by the Rev. Deans-Cowan,<br />
Professor MacOwan, Bolus,<br />
and others ;<br />
and others ;<br />
from South Africa, by<br />
from Australia, by Von<br />
Mueller, and others ; from Canada, by Professor Macoun ; from<br />
Mexico, by Palmer and Pringle ; from Dominica, by Eamage ;<br />
and<br />
from the Republic of Columbia, by Lehmann.<br />
In the progress of incorporating these additions, the following<br />
Natural Orders have been more or less completely re-arranged :<br />
CaryoplujUacccB, Hypoicinece, Gutti/era;, Ternstroennacece, Composite^,<br />
Cupuli/era;, Iriclacea, CommelinacecB, Graminece and Filices.<br />
The Fungi have been entirely re-arranged ; numerous Algte have<br />
been incorporated with the Herbarium, as well as extensive series<br />
of Musci and LicheJies.<br />
The exhibited series of British plants has been completed, as<br />
far as the vascular plants are concerned, every species recognised<br />
by Bentham, in his British Flora, being placed in the case, with its<br />
description from that work.<br />
A thorough revision and improved arrangement of the specimens<br />
and illustrations exhibiting the Natural Orders of plants has been<br />
begun, and the whole of the Monocotyledonous Orders have already<br />
been completed.<br />
The extensive series of original drawings of Indian and Chinese<br />
plants have been mounted, named, and systematically arranged.<br />
The principal additions to the Herbarium during the year have<br />
been the acquisition by purchase of the microscopic preparations<br />
made by the late Professor de Bary, of Strassburg, in connection<br />
with his investigations into plant anatomy and the parasitic diseases<br />
of plants. The total number of slides in this collection is 4429,<br />
and of these 1220 are Fungi illustrating the life-histories of many<br />
plant diseases described by de Bary, in numerous scientific papers<br />
206 slides of Lichens, showing especially the structure of the<br />
thallus ; 105 Characca) ; 40 Alga) ; 11 Musci; 286 Vascular Cryptogams;<br />
1160 Flowering plants ; 1112 slides illustrating de Bary's<br />
researches on Plant Anatomy as described in his published works,<br />
and 289 slides showing various points of plant structure.<br />
The Herbarium of Lichens formed by Horatio Piggot Esq., has<br />
been presented by him to the Trustees. It contains many specimens<br />
collected by himself, and numerous specimens communicated by<br />
Mudd, Leighton, and others, including the collection of Dr. Dcaliin,<br />
consisting altogether of 2383 specimens. It forms a valuable<br />
addition to the collection of Lichens.
284 KRPORT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BRITISH MUSEUM, FOR 1889.<br />
The additions to the collections by presentation during the year<br />
have consisted of 6 Fungi from South West France, from W. W.<br />
Strickland, Esq. ; 190 Indian plants from C. B. Clarke, Esq., F.B.S.<br />
9 Algae from the Tizard Eeef, China Sea, from P. A. Bassett-Smith,<br />
Esq., E.N. ; 172 Singapore plants from H. N. Ridley, Esq. ; 415<br />
Indian plants from Dr. King, CLE., F.R.S. ; 349 Indian plants<br />
from J. F. Duthie, Esq. ; 16 Marine Alg^<br />
Japan, from James Bisset, Esq. ; 25 Fungi, 1<br />
and 82 Mosses from<br />
Alga, 6 Lichens, and<br />
2 Hepaticffi, and 5 Mosses, from H. N. iiidley, Esq. ; 52 slides<br />
illustrating the life-histories of Ravenelia, Mycoidea, &c., from<br />
Surgeon-Major Barclay ; Alga, from Hot Spring at Singapore, from<br />
H. N. Piidley, Esq. ; TrentcpoJdia sponf/ophila, Caulerpa macrodisca,<br />
and Strnvea deUcatula, from Madame Weber van Bosse ; 35 Algae<br />
and 5 Mosses from India, from Dr. de Crespigny ; 35 Algae from<br />
Madras, from E. Thurston, Esq. ; 85 plants from the Atlas Mountains<br />
from Joseph Thomson. Esq. ; 211 South African plants from<br />
Professor MacOwan ; Parmclia Hottentota Ach., from N. Masterman,<br />
Esq. ; 12 Mosses, 6 Hepaticte, 10 Lichens, and 8 Fungi from<br />
Madagascar, from Eev. J. Wills ; 402 Austrahan plants from Baron<br />
von Mueller ; 58 Fresh-water Algae from New Zealand, collected by<br />
Dr. Berggreu, from Dr. Nordstedt ; 454 Alga3 and a fine specimen of<br />
Struvea macrophijlla, from George Clifton, Esq. ; Lepidozia reversa, a<br />
new species from Queensland, from W. H. Pearson, Esq. ; 398<br />
Dominica plants collected by Mr. Eamage, from the Royal Society<br />
Committee on the exploration of the West Indian Islands ; 160<br />
South Cahfornian plants, collected by E. Palmer, Esq., from the<br />
160 plants from the Buckley Herbarium,<br />
Smithsonian Institution ;<br />
from the Shaw School of Botany ; 234 British Columbian plants<br />
from Professor Macoun ; Grimmia torquata, in fruit, from Mrs.<br />
Britton ; Derbesia i;rt!(c/ien«/bn»is, from Professor Farlow ; 9 British<br />
plants from the Messrs. Groves ; 37 British plants from W. H.<br />
Beeby, Esq. ; 109 British plants from A. Bennett, Esq. ; Potamogeton<br />
varians, from Alfred Fryer, Esq. ; Flantago lanceolata, var.,<br />
from J. C. Melvill, Esq. ; Puibus pallidiis from Somerset, from J.<br />
W. White, Esq. ; a collection of British species of Carex, with the<br />
parts of the inflorescence and fruit dissected and carefully drawn,<br />
from Dr. Priestley ; 41 British plants from the Misses Thompson ;<br />
2 British plants from Miss Woolward ; Hypericum Unariifoliwn from<br />
Carnarvonshire, from Professor Babington; 16 British plants from<br />
G. C. Druce, Esq. ; Linaria spuria, from A. J. Crosfield, Esq. ;<br />
monstrous flowers of Ivy, from Dr. M. T. Masters, F.R.S. ; a<br />
remarkable fasciated Daphne from T. Harcourt Powell, Esq. ; 13<br />
Dumfriesshire plants from J. J. Johnstone, Esq. ; 254 British plants<br />
from the Rev. E. S. Marshall; 20 British plants from H.<br />
Moiiington, Esq. ; Puhjporus igniarius from E. Allen, Esq. ;<br />
SphcBrocarpits Michelii, from Suffolk, from the Rev. H. P. Reader ;<br />
Didipnmm dccdaleiiw from W. G. Smith, Esq. ; Pnccinia Schrocteri<br />
on Daffodil, from W. G. Smith, Esq. ; Nitella batrachospenna, from<br />
the Outer Hebrides, new to Britain,<br />
Diatomaceae, from the Thames, from<br />
from A. Bennett,<br />
W. H. Shrubsole,<br />
Esq.<br />
Esq. ;<br />
Codium Bursa, from Worthing, from Miss C. Spong ; 3 species of
HANDBOOK OF THE FLORA OF EXTRA-TROPIC.\L SOUTH AUSTllALIA. 285<br />
46 Commelinacefe and 1<br />
British Sphagnum from Dr. Braithwaite ;<br />
FUujcUaria IVom C. B. Clarke, Esq., F.R.S. ; 13 Orchids iVom Miss<br />
Woohvard ; 41 Orchids from F. W. Moore, Esq. ; 40 Orchids from<br />
H. Veitch, Esq. ; 2 Nepmthes from H. Veitch, Esq. ; 99 Algae and<br />
129 Lichens from John Dillwyn Llewelyn, Esq. ; 177 preparations<br />
of cellular plants ; section of stem of Dracoplujllum, from New<br />
Zealand, from J. D. Enys, Esq. ; seeds of Sophora speeiosa from E.<br />
M. Holmes, Esq. ; and specimens of plants from Kahun, Middle<br />
Egypt, from tomb, about 2600 b.c, found by Mr. Flinders Petrie,<br />
from H. M. Kennard, Esq.<br />
The following collections have been acquired by purchase :<br />
100 plants from Stanley Falls, Congo, from F. Hens ; 339 plants<br />
from Natal; a small collection of plants from Kina Balu, collected<br />
by J. Whitehead; 100 Freshwater Algas, of France, from Mougeot,<br />
&c. ; 150 Freshwater Alga; from Wittrock and Nordstcdt ; 50<br />
Italian Algre from Be Toni and Levi ; 25 parasitic Fungi from<br />
Briosi and Cavara ; 600 Fungi from Sydow ; 390 Portuguese<br />
plants from the Eev. K. P. Murray ; 40 species of Danish Eubi ;<br />
2928 plants from Greece, from Haussknecht ; 200 specimens of<br />
Schultz's Herbarium Normale ; 223 ^gean plants from Heldreich ;<br />
100 plants from Greece, from Heldreich ; 208 Mexican plants,<br />
collected by Schumann ; 850 American plants, collected by Pringle ;<br />
50 American Algfe from Farlow ; 25 British Algre from Holmes ;<br />
114 slides of British Alga3 from Buffham ; 100 specimens of woodsections<br />
by Nordlinger ; 63 sections of woods ; and 121 preparations<br />
of Fossil plants from Sir Joseph Hooker ; a collection of<br />
Tertiary plants specially prepared by Baron Ettiugshausen for<br />
comparison with recent plants.<br />
By exchange the following collections have been acquired .—<br />
series of AlgfB from the Baltic, collected by Professor Beinke, of<br />
Kiel, many of which are type specimens ; 72 species of European<br />
cellular plants from E. M. Holmes ; and specimens of Prosopanche<br />
Biirmeisteri, new species of Bnujmannsia, Rajlesia, and CijiiwpoUa,<br />
specimens of Phijtocrene, C'eratozamiu, and PerUlenniiuii Pini, from<br />
Count Solms Laubach.<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
A llandhonk of the Flam of Krtra -tropical South Austnilia. By<br />
Ralph Tate, F.L.S. Adelaide : published by the Education<br />
Department. 1890. 8vo, pp. vi. 303.<br />
The true test of the value of such a volume as this is, of course,<br />
its practical working in the field ; and this, for obvious reasons, we<br />
are unable to apply. But so far as we can judge. Prof. Tate has<br />
succeeded in pi'odncing, in small compass and in pocketable form,<br />
a little Maiuial wliich will be to the South Australian botanist<br />
what 'Babington' has been to many generations of those at home;<br />
while the type and arrangement of the volume leave nothing to be<br />
desired.
286 NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
" The work is intended for those who have mastered the<br />
elements of Botany, and who wish to be acquainted, as rapidly and<br />
readily as may be, with the name and systematic position of any of<br />
om' native plants." The plan of the key to the genera and species,<br />
which occupies most of the book, is adapted from the ' Flora<br />
Australiensis,' the characters of the latter being in most cases<br />
comparative only as regards South Australian species. Following<br />
this comes a classified list of the native species, in which much use<br />
has been made of Baron von Mueller's 'Census of Australian<br />
Plants,' tabulated so as to show the distribution of each species<br />
through the twelve districts into which Prof. Tate has subdivided<br />
the province. " Two chief floras are recognised :— (1) The Eremian or<br />
Desert Flora, which occupies the arid regions of Central Australia,<br />
and corresponds with the ' Salt-marsh country' of the pastoralist.<br />
The region is approximately limited by the rain-fall line of ten<br />
inches. (2) The Euronotian Flora, which is dominant in the more<br />
humid parts of Temperate Australia, excepting the extreme southwest."<br />
Five of the subdivisions fall under the former head, seven<br />
under the latter. The Flora includes 101 orders, 553 genera, and<br />
1935 species.<br />
An explanation of specific names is followed by an index to the<br />
orders and genera, with explanations of generic names. There is<br />
some ground for criticism here, mainly on account of the want of<br />
uniformity in the generic explanations. Thus we have<br />
" Ammannia ;<br />
after a botanical professor at St. Petersburg.<br />
"Biguoniacefe ; from Bignonia, a personal name.<br />
"Burtonia; personal name.<br />
"Cfesia ;<br />
"Crantzia ;<br />
" Claytonia ;<br />
after F. Casius (1703).<br />
after a botanical author (1762-68).<br />
after a botanical collector.<br />
"Hermannia; after Prof. Hermann, of Leyden, died 1695."<br />
—and other variations might be cited. It would have been easy to<br />
adopt a uniform plan, which would take no more space and give<br />
fuller information. This, however, is but a small matter. It concerns<br />
us much more to draw attention to the excellence of the work,<br />
and to express a hope that we may soon have similar handbooks for<br />
our various colonies.<br />
Mk. F. M. Bailey, the Queensland Colonial Botanist, sends us<br />
a "Third Supplement" to his 'Synopsis of the Queensland Flora'<br />
published in 1883, which, containing as it does about a hundred<br />
additional species, shows that the Flora of the Colony is receiving<br />
careful attention at his hands. The plants in question were mainly collected<br />
by the Bollendeu-Ker Expedition. Some of the specific names<br />
seem unnecessarily ugly, such as Leptosj^ermum Wooroonaran ("the<br />
aboriginal name for Bellenden-Ker"), Desris Koohjibherah ("the<br />
aboriginal name for the Mulgrave Eiver"). Figures are given of<br />
many of the Ferns, Mosses, and Hepaticae ;<br />
we note, however, that<br />
of the novelties in the two latter groups, the name only, without<br />
description, is given.
AKTICLES IN JOURNALS. 287<br />
We have received two singularly useless little books which<br />
form part of "Darlingtou's Naturalist Series," and are issued by a<br />
publisher of that name at Llangollen. The first is entitled ' Wild<br />
Flowers of the Vale of Llangollen, Corwen, and Bala'; the second,<br />
' Wild Flowers of Aberystwith and Cardigan Bay ; and there are<br />
'<br />
others of the same kind. No author's name is given, so that we can<br />
hurt no one's feelings by characterizing the books as rubbish.<br />
They are full of blunders, and give no information of value<br />
moreover, no Grasses or Sedges are included. Matthiohi "vmcana"<br />
appears in each ; the latter contains Saxifraga Hirculus, S. umhrosa,<br />
Trifolium stellatum, T. glomeratum, Astragalus hijpoglottis, Daphne<br />
Mezereum, Senecio paludosus; while Trifolium strictiun, Filago gallic/t,<br />
Gladiolus communis, Leucojum (Estivum, Crocus vernus, and the like,<br />
adorn the fields of Llangollen. The fact that such lists can find<br />
purchasers (if they do so) causes melancholy reflections.<br />
New Books.—H. Mayr, ' Die Waldungen von Nordamerika ;<br />
' ihre Holzarten (Miinchen, Eieger : 8vo, pp. 448, tt. 10, 2 maps).<br />
A. MuRiLLo, ' Plantes Medicinales du Chili ' (Paris : 4to, pp. 234).<br />
A. MiGouT, 'Flore du Departement de I'Allier,' ed. 2. (Moulins,<br />
Fudez : 8vo, pp. xxxvi. 509 : lO./V.).—F. K. Kjellbian, ' Handbok<br />
i Skandinaviens Hafsalgflora : I. Fucoidea3 ' (Stockholm, Lamms<br />
8vo, pp. 103, 17 cuts).—0. KiRCHNER, ' Die Krankheiten und<br />
Beschadigimgen unserer landwirtschaftlichen Kulturpflanzen<br />
(Stuttgart, Ulmer : 8vo, pp. x. 637: 9 marks).— J. Murr, 'Die<br />
' Pflanzenwelt in der Griechischen Mythologie (Innsbruck, Wagner :<br />
8vo, pp. viii. 324).—F. Hofer & M. Kronfeld, ' Die Volksnamen<br />
der niederosterreichischen Pflanzen ' (Wieu, Siedel : 8vo, pp. 105).<br />
—F, Pax, ' Allgemeine Morphologie der Pflanzen ' (Stuttgart,<br />
Enke : 8vo, pp. 404, 126 cuts).<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
Bot. Centralblatt. (Nos. 30, <strong>31</strong>).—P. Kunth, G. C. Schelhammer,<br />
& J. C. Lischwitz, 'Zwei Kieler Botaniker des 17 bez. des 18<br />
Jahrhunderts.' — (Nos. 30-35). K. Leist, ' Zur vergleichendeu<br />
Anatomic der Saxifragen.' — (No. <strong>31</strong>). E. Loew, ' Ueber die<br />
Bestaubuugseinrichtungen von Visciim alhiuii.' — (No. 35). S.<br />
Nawaschin, ' Was sind eigcntlich die sogenaunten Mikrosporeu der<br />
Torfmoose '?<br />
Bot. Gazette (July 22). — E. J. Hill, 'Flora of Lake Superior<br />
Kegion.'—G. F. Atkinson, 'A new Ilamularia {R. areola) on Cotton.'<br />
— J. E. Humphrey, ' Notes on Technique.' — A. L. Kean, ' The<br />
nature of certain plant-diseases.'—W. M. Andrews, 'Apical growth<br />
in roots of Marsilia qitadri/alin and Kqiiisctum arrcnse.'<br />
Bot. Zeitung (Nos. 29-32).—L. Jost, 'Die Zckliiftungen einiger<br />
Rhizome und VVurzeln.' — (Nos. 83, 34). M. W. Beyerinck.<br />
' L. Beissncr's Uutcrsuchungen beziiglich der Retinosporafrage.'
288 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.<br />
Bull. Soc. Bot. France (xxxvi. Actes dn Congres, 1889: Aug. 1).<br />
—L. Bescherelle & K. Spruce, ' Hepatiques nouvelles des colonies<br />
fraiigaises.' — E. Spruce, ' Hepaticae novte americanfe tropicfe '<br />
(5 plates).— P. F. Eeiuscli, 'Introduction d'une echelle universelle<br />
de grossisement des figures microscopiques.' — M. M. Hartog,<br />
' Technique applicable a I'etude des Saprolegniees.' — D. Clos,<br />
' Lobations ou anomalies de feuilles simples.' — E. Koze, ' L'action<br />
de la clialeur solaire sur les enveloppes florales.' . Leviellee,<br />
' Observations physiologiques sur un CEnothera des Neilgheries.'<br />
T. Durand, ' Un uouveau genre des Liliacees' [Lindneria : 1 plate).<br />
. Battandier, ' Plantes d'Algerie rares, nouvelles, ou peu<br />
connues' (Camelina Soulieri, Vicia mauritanica, Carduncellus Rebondianus,<br />
HyjJOchcBris Claryi, Plmitago atlantica, spp. nn.).<br />
Bull. Torretj Bot. Club (Aug. ).—W. E . "Wlieelock, ' Descriptive List<br />
of species oi Ileucheria' {H. Nova-Mexicana, sp. n.).—H. H. Rusby,<br />
' George Thurber' (2 Sept. 1821—2 April, 1890). — N. L. Britton,<br />
Rusby's S. American Plants [Clidema cordata Cogn., C. Rusbyi, C.<br />
2nlosissima, Q{!notJiera coceinea, Fuchsia boUviana, Casearia mem-<br />
branacea, spp. nn.). — D. C. Eaton, Cheilanthes Brandeijcei, sp. n.<br />
(1 plate).—T. C. Porter, Asplenium fontanum in N. America.<br />
Oardeners' Chronicle (July 26). HemcrocalUs Thunbergii Baker,<br />
H. aurantiaca Baker, Maxillaria longisepala Rolfe, spp. nn. — J. M.<br />
Macfarlane, ' Cytisus Ada mi.' — (Aug. 2). Gladiolus privmlimis<br />
Baker, n. sp. — R. A. Rolfe, Epidendrum vitellinum flare pileno.—<br />
' Green-flowered Antirrhinums ' (fig. 20).— (Aug. 9). Pelargonium<br />
saxifragoidcs N. E. Br., sp. n.— (Aug. 16). Masdevallia costaricensis<br />
Rolfe, Nidularium striatum Baker, spp. nn.— (Aug. 23). Coryanthes<br />
Bungerothii Rolfe, n. sp.<br />
Journal de Botanique (June 16-July).—C. Sauvageau, ' Structure<br />
des feuilles des plantes aquatiques.' — G. Poirault, ' Les Uredinees<br />
et leurs plantes nourricieres.'—<br />
(July). N. Patouillard, 'Fragments<br />
mycologiques.' — A. Prunet, ' Sur les bourgeons dormants des<br />
plantes ligneuses.'<br />
La Nuoi-a Notarisia (Aug. 1). — G. B. De Toni, ' Frammenti<br />
ciliare, Terpsinu'e musica, Wildemania, gen.<br />
algologici ' [(Fdogonium<br />
nov.).—<br />
' Diagnoses Algarum novarum.'<br />
Notarisia (June 30). — P. Hariot, ' Le<br />
genre Bulboirichia.''—<br />
0. E. Imliof, ' Sulle diatomee pelagiche dei laghi. — P. Daugeard,<br />
' Indication sur la recolte des algues inferieures.'—D. Levi Morenos,<br />
' Quelques idees sur revolution defensive des Diatomees.' — P.<br />
Magnus, ' Sulla diffusione geografica della Splueroplea aimulina.'—<br />
M. Lanzi, ' Diatomacearum<br />
specimen.'<br />
naturalis et mcthodicse distributiouis<br />
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift. (Aug.). — L. Celakovsky, Petasites<br />
Kablikianus Tausch.—L. Angerer, ' Beitrag zur Laubmoosflora von<br />
Obcrosterreich.' — J. Dorfler, ' Beitrage uud Berichtigungen zur<br />
Gefasskryptogamenflora der Bukowina.' — J. Freyn, ' Plant£e<br />
KaroanPB.'
)9Z-vPr ^/^^^^x^e/uyL^
289<br />
JOHN RALFS.<br />
(With Portrait.)<br />
Only those who have come into close contact with the man or<br />
have carefully studied his works, can realize the greatness of the<br />
intellect of the veteran botanist who died at Penzance in July last.<br />
Had not his health and eyesight failed, there is little doubt that<br />
John KalCs would have ranked as one of the greatest botanists of<br />
the century. His clearness of perception, his conciseness and exactitude<br />
of expression, added to his indomitable energy, his enthusiasm,<br />
and his wonderful memory, made him the very ideal of a naturalist.<br />
He was born on Sept. 13th, 1807, at IMillbrook, near Southampton.<br />
He came of an old Hampshire family, being the second<br />
son of Samuel Ealfs, of Mudeford, neai* Christchurch, His father<br />
died in 1808, and the young family was brought up by the mother,<br />
who dis[X)sed of the property at Mudeford, and removed to Southampton.<br />
Young Ralfs's first school appears to have been that of<br />
Dr. Buller in this town, he afterwards went to Mr. Jennings's at<br />
IJishop's Waltham, and subsequently to the Kev. J. Jenvey's at<br />
Romsey. To the last-named gentleman he became much attached,<br />
and to him he dedicated his first botanical book. As a lad ilalfs<br />
was studious and painstaking, and showed an early inclination to<br />
scientific pursuits, which first developed in the direction of chemistry.<br />
At about the age of eighteen he was articled to his uncle, a surgeon<br />
at Brentfoi-d, with whom he remained two years and a half, after<br />
which he studied at Winchester Hospital for two years. In 1882<br />
lie passed the examination qualifying him as a surgeon, and in this<br />
examination we find he distinguished himself by his knowledge of<br />
botany. He went into partnership with a surgeon in Shoreditch,<br />
and Mr. Marquand tells us that he practised at Towcester. During<br />
the few years that he was able to follow his profession he was very<br />
successful. While on a visit to Torquay he became acquainted with<br />
Miss Laura Cecilia Newman, daughter of Mr. Henry Newman, of<br />
London, and in 1835 was married to that lady. They had one son,<br />
John Henry, who was born in 183G. The marriage did not prove<br />
a happy one, for within t\yo years Mrs. Ealfs (with her infant son)<br />
went to live with her parents, who were then residing in France<br />
she afterwards travelled in Italy, but returned to France, wliere she<br />
died in ISIS.<br />
In 1837 Mr. Ralfs's health became so bad—his lungs being<br />
found to be seriously affected—that he was obliged to relinquish liis<br />
practice and to reside in one of the health-resorts of the southwestern<br />
coast. After visiting Torcpiay, he settled down, in Nov.<br />
1837, at Penzance, which continued to be his home during the rest<br />
of his life. In 1838 he contributed the botanical portion of a guide<br />
to llfracombe by Banficld. in 183ij he published his first book,<br />
'The British Phfenogamous Plants and Ferns; arranged on the<br />
Liniunoan System, and analysed after the method of Lamarck'; this<br />
consisted of a dichotomous k(,'y to the genera and species, witli an<br />
analysis of the natural orders. It did not pretend to compete with<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [October, 1800.] u
290 JOHN RALFS.<br />
the larger " Floras," but was intended as a guide to the quick<br />
determination of species ; and the simple straightfonvard language<br />
employed, the judicious selection of practical characters, and the<br />
small compass of the book admirably adapted it to the purposes of<br />
a pocket manual. At the commencement of 1841 Mr. Ealfs opened<br />
a correspondence with the Eev. M. J. Berkeley, whom he had met<br />
some years previously ; this resulted in a close friendship, and<br />
Ralfs and Berkeley appear to have constantly consulted one another<br />
on questions connected with the Algae and Fungi. Berkeley's<br />
correspondence (preserved in the Botanical Department of the<br />
British Museum) contains some hundi-eds of letters from Ealfs,<br />
many of them consisting of four closely-written quarto pages, and<br />
containing pen-and-ink drawings. Ealfs seemed then to have<br />
settled down to the study of the Desmids and Diatoms, but<br />
continued to give a general attention to Fungi and other plants.<br />
The summers of 184:1 and several subsequent years were spent<br />
in visits to Ilfracombe and various parts of Wales, his longest stay<br />
usually being at Dolgelly. In 1842 he was accompanied on his<br />
Welsh trip by Borrer. In this year Ealfs sent a description<br />
of Desmidium compressum (a new species) to Dr. Balfour for the<br />
Botanical Society of Edniburgh. In 1843-4-5 he contributed to<br />
the same Society a series of papers on the Desmids and Diatoms,<br />
and in one of them he mentions that the total number of Desmids<br />
previously recorded in the British Floras was four—two Desmidia<br />
and two Ruastra. These papers were published in the 'Annals of<br />
Natural History' and in the 'Transactions' of the Society. They<br />
contain figures and descriptions of a number of species of Diatoms,<br />
and over sixty Desmids, of which sixteen were new. In 1845 also<br />
appeared his paper, "On the genera Spinilina and Colecx-hccte,"<br />
A. N. H. xvi. p. 308.<br />
During this period Hassall was working at the Confervas, and<br />
corresponded with Ealfs, who in his first letter suggested that they<br />
should render each other assistance in their respective fields of work<br />
and the correspondence was carried on under the impression, on<br />
Ealfs's part, that this Avas a definite understanding. In 1844 he<br />
was much surprised, on receiving the prospectus of Hassall's forthcoming<br />
book, to find that it was intended to include the Desmids<br />
and Diatoms. A suggestion appears to have been made by a friend<br />
of both that the book should be written jointly ; but it seems that<br />
Hassall would not hear of this, and considered himself very badly<br />
used because Ealfs was not inclined to hand over all his information<br />
on the Diatoms and Desmids for publication under Hassall's name ;<br />
and in one of his letters to Berkeley he remarked that Ealfs was the<br />
most unreasonable man that he ever had to do with. In the work<br />
which appeared in 1845, are evident copies, and vilely bad ones, of<br />
Ealfs's figures in the 'Annals,' with "Hassall del." at the foot of<br />
the i)lates. In the Introduction, while acknowledging indebtedness<br />
to Berkeley and others, not a word was said of what was owed to<br />
Ealfs's work. Hassall was the only man of whom we recollect<br />
Mr. Ealfs speaking with any degree of bitterness.<br />
In 1845 Ealfs was apparently suffering from the results of a<br />
severe accident, for, from a letter written from Brislington, we find
JOHN RALFS. 291<br />
that ho was on a visit to Dr. Fox, with a view to consulting the<br />
Bristol surgeon, and was then better and able to get about with one<br />
crutch. For many years afterwards his health was so bad that he<br />
was often unable to do any botanical work for months together.<br />
In 18^8, after several delays occasioned by illness, his great<br />
work was published, * The British Desmidieae,' probably the finest<br />
monograph which has appeared of any group of British plants.<br />
The descriptions are complete and lucid, the synonymy is very<br />
carefully worked out, and the analyses are in Kalfs's characteristically<br />
terse style. Particular attention is given to the reproductive<br />
states of the plants, which had been previously observed in very few<br />
species. An appendix contains descriptions of the species not known<br />
to occur in Britain, and the small number of these is an evidence<br />
of the leading position Ealfs had taken up as an authority upon the<br />
group. In a few years he had raised the number of known British<br />
Desmids from four to a hundred and eighty. Mr. E, Jenner's<br />
beautiful drawings contributed much to the value of the work, for<br />
lie was not only an excellent di-aughtsman, but a good botanist, and<br />
well acquainted with the Desmids. During the preparation of the<br />
work Pialfs had extensive correspondence with Brebissou, Kiitzing,<br />
Montagne, and other leading foreign algologists. Berkeley seems<br />
to have been of great assistance in many ways.<br />
In the autumn of 1819, writing to Mr. Berkeley from Ilfracombe,<br />
Ealfs says :— " I have done very little this summer, as<br />
I have enjoyed but very few days of sufficient health to go out."<br />
During the year, however, he sent two short papers to the Edinburgh<br />
Bot. Soc, "On the mode of growth of Oscillatoria, Calothrix," &c.<br />
In 1850 he contributed to the same Society a paper on the Xusto-<br />
cJdnc
292 JOHN EALFS,<br />
recorded nearly seven hundred species, most of uliicli were verified<br />
by Berkeley and Broome. In 1883-4 he was President of the<br />
Society. He recorded in the Report for 1887-8 his last additions<br />
to the Flora.<br />
He always took a great interest in the Penzance Public Library,<br />
and in 1870 we learn from a letter to Broome that he was engaged<br />
in making a "shelf-book," containing a list of the 12,000 volumes<br />
included in the library. To this institution he presented his<br />
MS. Flora of the Vice-county of West Cornwall, in nine volumes,<br />
containing the result of his own fifty years' observations, besides<br />
notes received from others.<br />
In addition to the works already mentioned, we understand that<br />
Balfs contributed jointly with the Rev. H. Penneck, "A Sketch of<br />
the Botany of West Penwith," to Courtney's ' Guide to Penzance ';<br />
and that he also contributed to Blight's ' Week at the Land's End.'<br />
Fifteen papers stand under his name in the Royal Society's 'Catalogue<br />
of Scientific Papers.' He supplied the list of Desmids to<br />
Jenner's ' Flora of Tunbridge Wells,' and issued a fasciculus of<br />
AlgaB : he also described an alga ['['ijndaridea anomala) for the<br />
' Supplement to English Botany,' t. 2899.<br />
In 1889 the Royal Microscopical Society somewhat tai'dily<br />
recognised his eminent services to microscopical science by electing<br />
him an Honorary Fellow. Many years ago it was proposed to<br />
nominate him as an Associate of the Linnean Society, but this he<br />
declined. Berkeley gave the name of lialfsia to a genus of Seaweeds,<br />
and Wilson named a Juiujermavvia in his honour.<br />
During the last few years of his life increasing deafness and<br />
other infirmities, and frequent attacks of bronchitis, confined him<br />
almost entirely to the house. Fortunately he was well cared for by<br />
Miss Quick, in whose house he had lived for many years; indeed, no<br />
relative could have been kinder or more devoted to him. He died<br />
on July 14th, 1890, and was buried in the Penzance Cemetery.<br />
We first made his personal acquaintance when visiting Penzance<br />
in 1880, and we shall not forget the cordial way in which he<br />
received us, nor the pleasant evenings we spent in his characteristic<br />
naturalist's den, with its walls covered with books, and its general<br />
litter of specimens and papers dimly discernible through the cloud of<br />
tobacco-smoke—for Ralfs was an inveterate smoker. He took a great<br />
deal of trouble to show us the localities of botanical interest in the<br />
district, and no youthful naturalist could have been more enthusi-<br />
astic than he was in field work. At that time he was engaged in<br />
collecting beetles for Mr. Marquand's list, and his joy at finding a<br />
species new to the district was so contagious as to make one want<br />
to start as a beetle-collector on the spot. It was amusing to notice<br />
the wonder of a passer-by at seeing this grave looking old gentleman,<br />
in the old-time professional swallow-tail coat and black stock (which<br />
he never relinquished), squatting down by a road side pool, eagerly<br />
examining the contents of his dredging-net, and utterly oblivious of<br />
the muddy water dripping over his clothes.<br />
He was well known and much respected in Penzance and its<br />
neighbourhood, and his kiiidly unselfish character endeared him to<br />
his many friends. He has been described as of a retiring and silent
PLANTS DESCRIBED BY ARDUINO. 293<br />
nature, but we cannot help tlunkiiig that those who took this view<br />
knew but httle of him : to us he appeared to be a man of a<br />
particularly hospitable and sociable disposition, and the ready flow<br />
of humorously-told anecdotes of his experiences during his botanical<br />
expeditions did not suggest a silent man. He was very fond of<br />
children and young people, and often referred, in his letters, to<br />
being assisted in collecting by young friends. The death of one of<br />
these. Miss Minnie Cocking, seems to have much affected him, for<br />
in a letter to Mr. Broome he wrote ;— " It has been a sad Christmas<br />
for me. I do not know whether you remember my speaking to two<br />
young girls one day in the library. One of them took fever, and today<br />
was buried. I was very fond of her— she was such a dear,<br />
merry, affectionate little creature, and as good as she was pleasing.<br />
I knew her from an infant, and few days passed without seeing her."<br />
Although particularly simple and unaffected in manner, there was<br />
a rare dignity about the man that could not fail to impress all<br />
with whom he came in contact.<br />
Mr. Ralfs bequeathed his collections of microscopic plants to the<br />
Botanical Department of the British Museum, but his will was not<br />
witnessed, and had consequently no legal force. His son has, how-<br />
ever, in consideration of his father's wishes, generously resolved to<br />
place the collection in the British Museum.<br />
The portrait which we reproduce is from an excellent photograph<br />
taken some eight years ago by Mr. R. H. Preston, of Penzance.<br />
For the biographical information we are largely indebted to our<br />
friend Mr. E. D. Marquaud, who lived for some years at Penzance,<br />
and wliose genial companionship did much to brigliten the later<br />
years of Mr. Ralfs's life. We are also indebted to Mr. Ralfs's son,<br />
Mr. J. H. Ralfs, of Liverpool, and to Miss NichoUs and Mr. Henwood<br />
Teague, of Penzance.<br />
H. & J. Groves.<br />
PLANTS DESCRIBED BY ARDUINO (1759—1768).<br />
By F. N. Williams, F.L.S.<br />
In tracing back the early history of some of the Cart/nphi/llett,<br />
I was led to inquire into the identity of Arduino's species, and the<br />
priority of his names; the result of this inquiry is embodied in the<br />
present paper. Among the few important botanical works published<br />
between the second edition of Linnaeus' ' Flora Suecica' (1755) and<br />
the second edition of the 'Species Plantarum' (17G2) was the first<br />
instalment of Peter Arduino's ' Animadversionum Botanicarum<br />
Specimen,' which was published at Padua in 1759. This littleknown<br />
book (in which the smooth latinity of the autlior's style is in<br />
pleasing contrast with the angular pseudo-classicism of some contemporary<br />
works) contains descriptions, accompanied with excellent<br />
figures, of twelve species. The binomial nomenclature is not<br />
adopted, but each plant is cited under its generic name, followed by<br />
a specific phrase. The following list gives the names of the species<br />
with which these plants are now identified :
294 PLANTS DESCRIBED BY ARDUlNO.<br />
1. Salvia sp. I. = S. disennas Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. 2, p. 36.<br />
2. Salvia sp. II. = S. serotinn Linn. Mantissa, p. 25.<br />
3. Teuciiam sp. I. = T. Anluinl Linn. Mantissa, p, 81.<br />
4. Teucrinm sp. II. = 2'. hircanicum Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. 2, p. 789.<br />
5. Chelone sp. = Pentstemon iarvigata Ait. Hort. Kew, ii. p. 361.<br />
6. Clypeola sp. = Peltaria aUiacca Jacq. Enum. Stirp. Vindob.<br />
p. 260 (1762).<br />
7. Alyssnm sp. = A. sffxatile Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. 1, p. 650.<br />
8. Lepidium sp. = L. cardamines Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. 2, p. 899.<br />
9. Sinapis sp. I. = S. pubescens Linn. Mantissa, p. 95.<br />
10. Sinapis sp. II. = S. chincnsis Linn. Mantissa, p. 95.<br />
11. Psoralea sp. = P. f/landnlosa Linn. Sp. Plant, ed. 2, p. 1075.<br />
12. Buphtlialmum sp. = Telekia speciodssima Less.Syn.Geii. Comp.<br />
p. 209 (1832).<br />
The second instalment of the ' Animadversionum Botanicantm<br />
Specimen' was published at Venice in 1763; between the publication<br />
of the second edition of LinnjBus' ' Species Plantarum' and<br />
the appearance of the first part of the ' Mantissa Plantarum' (1767).<br />
And herein lies the importance of the date, because several of<br />
Arduiuo's plants have been almost invariably erroneously credited<br />
to Linnfeus. In this second instalment, in which the binomial<br />
nomenclature is adopted, twenty- three species are figured and<br />
described. Two of these, Sagina procumbens and Bidens hulluta, are<br />
excerpted with due acknowledgment from the ' Species Plantarum '<br />
the other twenty-one are described as new. In the following list,<br />
the first column contains the names of Arduino's species, and the<br />
second column either the erroneous name more frequently cited for<br />
the earlier species, or the present correct name. As in the list<br />
above, the correct specific name is m italic type :<br />
1 Cornelia verticillata = Ammannia verticillata Lam. Encycl. Metli.<br />
1, p. 1<strong>31</strong> (1789).<br />
2.<br />
3.<br />
4.<br />
Salvia ceratophylluides = S. ceratophylloides Linn. (1767).<br />
Videriana supina = V. supina Linn, (1767).<br />
Panicum undulatifolium = Oplisuienm nndulatifolius Eoem. et<br />
5.<br />
Schult. Syst. Veget. ii. p. 482 (1817).<br />
Panicum oryzoides = Leersin oryzoides Swartz, Prodr. p. 21 (1788).<br />
6.<br />
7.<br />
8.<br />
Melica BrasiJiana = M. papilionacea Linn. (1767).<br />
Sesleria ccerulea = Cynosurus cseruleus Linn. Sp. PL ed. l,p.72.<br />
Sesleria splmrocephala = Cynosurus sphiBrocephalus Wulf. in<br />
9.<br />
10.<br />
Jacq. Misc. Austriaca (1781).<br />
Sagina apetala = S. apetala Linn. (1767).<br />
Sa^Donaria illyrica = Tunica illyrica Fisch. et Mey. Ind. Sem.<br />
11.<br />
Hort. Petropolit. (1837).<br />
Arenaria gramiuifolia = Atsine graminifolia Gmel. Syst. Veget.<br />
i. p. 507 (1796).<br />
12. Cerastium illyricum = C. pilosum S. et S. (1806).<br />
13. Anemone dccapetala = A. dccapetala Linn. (1767).<br />
14. Melissa maxima = Pcrilla ocimoides Spreng. Syst. Veget. iv. 2,<br />
p. 227 (1827).<br />
15. Alyasiun pctraiuii — ^ A. gcmonensc Linn. (1767).
BUDA V. TISSA. 295<br />
10. AJi/sainn nrienUiJe = Clypeola tomentosa Linn. Mantissa (17G7).<br />
17. Thldspi niiniinuni = T. alpinuna Jacq. Fl. Austriaca, iii. (1778).<br />
18. Lcpidiuni spinosiim = L. spinosutu Linn. (17G7).<br />
lij. Prenantlies chondrilloides = Chondrillti prenanthuiilesYill.Yoy.<br />
Bot. Suisse (1812).<br />
20. Cacalia linifolia == Puroiihyllum Unifoliam DC. Prodr. v. p. G19<br />
(183G).<br />
21. Eupatoiium altGi'uifolium = Knhnia eupatorioides Linn. Sp. PI.<br />
ed. 2. p. 1GG2.<br />
The only other memoir by Arduino of any importance is an essay<br />
on tlic genus lloku.'i. He was born in 1728, and died in 1805.<br />
BUDA V. TISSA,<br />
By the Editor.<br />
My note at p. 157 elicited a rejoinder from Dr. Britton wliicli<br />
did not seem to me to add much to what had been already said,<br />
and I wrote to the author to say that I did not propose to print it.<br />
Dr. Britton, in the ' Botanical Gazette ' for July, publishes another<br />
note on the subject, in which he so far forgets the ordinary amenities<br />
of discussion as to say that I did not print his communication,<br />
" apparently because afraid of the argument therein contained."<br />
I cannot suppose that the lines upon which the ' Bulletin of the<br />
Torrey Botanical Club ' is edited suggested this to Dr. Britton ;<br />
but they certainly are not those which regulate the conduct of this<br />
Journal. Dr. Britton 's note is as follows : readers will form their<br />
own opinion as to whether its " argument " is of so convincing a<br />
liiud as to have caused me to withhold it from publication :<br />
" TissA V. BuDA.—Mr. Britten has abstained so long from comment<br />
on what he is pleased to call ' eccentricities of the neo-<br />
American school of nomenclature' that we had begun to suspect<br />
him converted to a rational system. But his recent note (Journ.<br />
Bot. xxviii. 157) indicates that he is still pursuing the mibrokcn<br />
error of his way. I accepted YY.s-sa rather than lUida for the simple<br />
reason that it stands first<br />
That is priority, I am sure.<br />
' on the page in Adanson's Families.'<br />
The fact that Dumortier had named<br />
some species under liuda has, to me, nothing to do with the c.isc.<br />
Mr. Britten's argument is quite as good for the use of Siienpt/tiriii.<br />
or Lcpii/onuin ; species have been named under both by numerous<br />
authors. The restoration of Tissa, which Mr. Britten attributes<br />
to Professor Greene (1888), is as well referable to M. J>aillon<br />
(' llistoire,' ix. IIG, 1888). As I have already noted, the name is<br />
taken up in Engler & Prantl's new work, so that the 'noo-<br />
American' school is not altogether unsupported in its 'eccen-<br />
tricities.' If it were not for the limited space of the Journal, 1<br />
might write at greater length concerning the very general adoption<br />
by American botanists of the principles of nomenclatuie recoanmcnded<br />
by the British and American Associutions for the Adva.ice-
296 BUDA V. TISSA.<br />
ment of Science, which are undoubteclly included in my good<br />
friend's ' eccentric ' category.—N. L. Britton."<br />
At the risk of trying the patience of the readera of tliis Journal,<br />
I will once more point out the exact position of the two names in<br />
question. This is how Adanson prints them :<br />
" Page 271, apres Spergula, ajoutez :<br />
Feuilles.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF POTAMOGETONS. 297<br />
simple reason that it stands first on the page in Adansou's<br />
' Families.' Tlmt is priorlti/, I am sure.''<br />
This being so, and supposing that this new definition of priority<br />
of publication is accepted, let us see where it will lead us.<br />
In the first edition of his ' Genera,' Linnaeus establishes Prunus<br />
and Anii/ijdalus. The latter is, by Bentham and Hooker and by<br />
most other recent systematists, united with the former. ]>ut a<br />
reference to the ' Genera ' will show that, on Brittonian principles,<br />
it is AinmiiUdm, not Fntnus, that must be retained; for the former<br />
is numbered 519 while the latter is numbered 520, and stands, not<br />
"first on the page," but on the page preceding! "This," I<br />
imagine Dr. Britton will say, " is priority, I am sure. The fact<br />
that everybody, from Linnteus himself downwards, has named some<br />
Bpecies under Primus has, to me, nothing to do with the case.<br />
Henceforward Awijuilalus, and not Primus, must have precedence :<br />
and our species of Pruims shall run<br />
A)iii/(i
298 THE NOMENCLATURE OF P0TA5I0GET0NS.<br />
from Mulileuberg, named " P. porcdtnm. No. 54, 1793. Pennsylvania."<br />
It lias received several names ; among others :<br />
P. Zetterstedtii Wallman ap. Sell, et Mohl. Bot. Zeit. i. 25G (1843)<br />
P. diversifoliiis Eafinesque, Medical Reports, ii. 46, 1811, nou<br />
Barton; P. delicatuhis Bert. Misc. Bot. 15 (1854); Zanidchellia<br />
CochlospcrDium Al. Braun in Herb. Berlin ! ;<br />
Gay in Herb. Kew ! ; Cochlospenna Nuttall<br />
Journ. Bot. 1879, <strong>31</strong>4.<br />
Spirillus Tuckennan'd<br />
Herb., Jz^/c Trimen,<br />
P. PAuciFLOHUs Pursh. Fl. Amer. Sept. i. p. 121 (1814). P.<br />
foHorum Eafinesque, Medical Reports, 4G, 1811.<br />
Fl. Bor. Am. nee non Liun.," Rafiuesque,<br />
"P. fjram. Michx.<br />
I.e. — This is P.<br />
ej-stipuiatam<br />
n. 3206, fol.<br />
Mulil, Cat. PI. Am. Sept. No. 8, in Herb. Willd.<br />
1-3 ! (1813). — I am not aware that Muhlenberg published<br />
any description of it ; if he did so before 1814, his name will<br />
take precedence. P. exstipulatus Bonpland MS. is P. cmgustifoliiis<br />
H. B. K. Nov. Gen, et Sp. i. 370, and is to be referred to P.<br />
pectlwitm (aggregate). It is contained in Herb. Willdenow at<br />
Berlin, No. 3206, f. 4, 5.<br />
P. MExicANus Ar. Benn. Journ. Bot. 1887, 289. — This was<br />
named P. peruviana by Presl (ined.) in Herb. Prague !<br />
P. ANGusTiFOLius Presl.—The date of this is 1821, as I supposed<br />
(Journ. Bot. 1889, 263): fascicles 1-10 of tlie ' Rostlin' were published<br />
in that year ; Roth's name P. Zizii (1827) is thus antedated<br />
by six years.<br />
P. RUFEscENS Schrad. — In writing of this (Journ. Bot. 1889,<br />
243) I<br />
and ii.<br />
expressed an opinion that Roth's serratus (Fl. Gerin. i. 73,<br />
205 (1788-1800) ) from his reference to the plate m Fl.<br />
Danica must be liicens, but he also refers under lucens to the same<br />
plate, so it must have been a slip ; and the serratus of the Beitrage<br />
(ii. 126, 1783) most certainly, from the description, applies to<br />
ru/esec7ts.<br />
P. Wrightii Morong, Bull. Tor. Bot. Soc. (1886) xiii. 158, t. 59.<br />
P. viucronatus Presl, Epimelife BotanicfB, p. 245 (1849), non auct.<br />
—This is No. 1381 of Cuming's plants from the Philippine Islands.<br />
There is no doubt Morong's name is preoccupied by P. malaina<br />
Miquel, 111. Fl. Arch. Ind. p. 46 (1871). A very poor and imperfect<br />
specimen, communicated by Dr. Buchenau from Kashmir, W. Himalaya,<br />
alt. 5800 ft. (Schlagintweit, 9 Cat. No. 10449), I beheve to be<br />
the same, though there is neither flowers or fruit. It is named<br />
jUdtans, which it is not. The fruit of P. Wn'f/htH is very distinct<br />
and characteristic.<br />
P. LiEBMANNi Buchenau, Nat. Ver. Bremen, iii. 349 (1873).<br />
An authentic specimen of this plant, gathered by Liebman, and<br />
communicated by Dr. Buchenau, is Schollera (jraudnea Willd. =<br />
Hetei-anthera (/raiiiinea Vahl. ; so it would seem that this Mexican<br />
plant must be excluded from the genus.<br />
P. jAVANicus Hassk. — In this Journal for 1887, p. 177, I expressed<br />
an opinion that this might be ditferent from P. tennicaulis<br />
Mueller ;<br />
but Dr. Schinz, of Zurich, who possesses a type specimen<br />
o^ j'tvanieiis, assures me they are the same species; the P.purvifoHa<br />
Buch. must also certainly be referred to javaidcus. The synonymy<br />
will be
THE NOMENCLATURE OF POTAMOGETONS. 299<br />
Potamoqcton javanicus Hasskarl, Act. Soc. Ner. i. p. 2G (185G).<br />
P. tenn'icanUs F. Mueller, Frag. Pliyt. Aust. i. DO & 244 (1858).<br />
P. parcifolia Buchenau, Eeliq. Kuteubcrg. pp. 32-33 (1880).<br />
(Dr. Schinz would add P. Huillensis Wehv., but I have myself not<br />
seen a fruiting specimen of this.)<br />
P. ht/bridus / Hooker (uon Michx.), Khasia, Herb. Kew !<br />
Distribution :— India ! China ! Java ! Madagascar ! Ni^er<br />
Country ! Australia !<br />
Miquel (Illust. Fl. Arch. Ind. p. 4G, 1871) remarks on tho<br />
probability of P. tenidadilis Muell. he'iug j((V(niici(s Hassk., and notes<br />
that the same species is found in Japan (Prolusio. Fl. Japon. fasc. 7<br />
p. 325, 1867). Mr. Bentham, Fl. Austr. vii. 171 (1878), remarks<br />
that Mueller had considej:e([ javanicus and tenuicauUs the same, but,<br />
in the absence of specimens of the Javan species, left it an open<br />
question. The Rev. T. Morong (Torrey Bulletin, 188G, p. 158)<br />
identified the Torrey herb., Formosan, and Indian plants as<br />
tenuiraxdis Muell. Dr. Buchenau, when describing P. jxirrifolia,<br />
does not mention the Australian plant ; he probably had not access<br />
to specimens of it, or he would have seen they were the same.<br />
P.<br />
18G0 !<br />
FtLiFOLius<br />
—<br />
R. A. Philippi, Florula Atacamensis, No. 857,<br />
A specimen of this, kindly sent me by Prof. Philippi,<br />
proves the plant to be a Ruppia, which I hope he will name Pi.<br />
(ttacaiiwnsis.<br />
P. FLABELLATus Babiugton, Man. Brit. Bot. ed. B, p. 343 (1851).<br />
—Mr. Fryer has taken f>good deal of trouble to find out what was<br />
really meant by this plant, and the conclusion he has come to is<br />
that it is a more abundant plant tlian P. jn-ctinatus type. From<br />
being mixed up with pectinatas forms by nearly every botanist,<br />
before Mr. Fryer's careful researches, it has been doubtful to what<br />
extent the name referred to a local (or perhaps endemic) form ;<br />
lience certain comparison with continental forms was hardly possi])le.<br />
])ut the plant is contained in Willdenow's Herbarium at Berlin,,<br />
No. 3204, f. 5 ! and this is the earliest I have as yet been able to^<br />
trace it to ; this is /'. intcrntptm Kitaibel ap. Schultes, Oest. Flora,<br />
ed. 2, p. 328 (1814), the specimens being named by Kitaibel him-<br />
self; the label runs thus:— "P. subvcrticillatus := P. intrrruptu.^<br />
mihi in stagnis salsis, Kitaibel." If considered a variety of<br />
pcctinatun L., the earliest name I can find is V. pcctinalus var.<br />
dichotuinus Wallroth, Sched. Crit. p. G8 (1822). Dr. Kcruer,<br />
recognising the dii'forence between it and pectijiatns, named it P.<br />
junci/uliunl (cfr. Tisehus, ]3ot. Notiscr, 1884, pp. 1)1-92). So Prof.<br />
Babington's name must become a synonym. Mr. Druce, in his<br />
' Flora of Oxfordshire,' has " /'. junceus K." I suppose he means<br />
jmicijhliiis by this ; ])ut it Avas a pity to introduce another needless<br />
synonym, as Babington's name is far older than Kcrner's.<br />
P. GUAcius Wolfgang, ap. Roem. et Hchultes, Sys. Vcg.<br />
Mant, 3, p. 355, 1827. — " Siberia oriental! Merck in herb.<br />
Steven," Wolf. I.e. "Two specimens from Wolfgang are in the<br />
herbarium at Helsingfors," Dr. Kiblman in litt. Dr. Kihlraan has<br />
named this plant /'. Wnlfi/aniiii under the mistaken supposition that<br />
Fries' P. ijracilis (Nov. Fl. Suec. ed. 2, p. 50, 1828) was an earlier
300 THE NOMENCLATURE OF POTAMOGETOXS.<br />
name than Wolfgang's. Fries knew of the pubHcation of Wolfgang's<br />
name (cfr. Nov. Fl. Suec. p. 26), and ignored it. I suggested<br />
to Dr. Kihlman that Fries' plant should bear the name of Nolte,<br />
but he declined to withdraw his name. Whether that is done, or<br />
not, Wolfgang's must stand as the oldest name. I would here<br />
propose that Fries' plant should bear the name of P. Noltei (after<br />
one who closely studied the genus) when considered a species.<br />
Almquist has already referred it as a variety to pmillus in Hartman's<br />
Hand. Skan. Fl. ed. 12, p. 54, 1889. The plant of Wolfgang<br />
has recently been found in Finland (Holmen, Kihlman, &c. !), and<br />
I am indebted to Prof. Maximowicz, of St. Petersburg, for a<br />
specimen from "Mongolia: Ordos. leg. G. N. Potanin, 1881,"<br />
under the name of /-*.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF POTAMOGETONS. 301<br />
of fruit remind one at first glance of those of P. DrummoiuUi<br />
Bentliam.<br />
P. Oakesianus Robbins in Gray's ' Manual of North United<br />
States,' ed. 5, p. 485 (18G8). — I believe this to be the L'. yHttalil<br />
Cham, et Schl. (in 'Linnea,' ii. p. 226, 1827), and the P. Purshii<br />
(name only) of Tuckerman in ' Silliman's Journal,' 1848, p. 228.<br />
P. ALPiNus Balb. X pknsylvanicus Cham. — A plant sent by the<br />
Rev. T. Morong from " Lake Champlin, at Fcrrisburgh, Vermont,<br />
U. S. Coll. C. E. Faxon, 18-8-82, supposed to be a form of /'.<br />
rvfescens Schrad." I would suggest this may be an hybrid. Mr.<br />
Fryer has remarked, " ^Vhy not P. Grij/ithiif " and I must allow<br />
the likeness to that plant is remarkable. Still I cannot certainly<br />
place it there ; and I make the above suggestion as I am not able<br />
to place it elsewhere. Perhaps American botanists who may have<br />
tbe opportunity will study it growing.<br />
P. A<strong>MB</strong>YLLPHYLLus Beck. aud P. vERTiciLLATUS Lesqucreux, two<br />
fossil " species," had better be re-named, as bearing names applied<br />
to recent plants.<br />
P. FiLiFORMis Nolte, Nov. Fl. Holsat. (182G). — It is not easy to<br />
decide what name this plant ought to bear. The followmg have<br />
been referred to it :<br />
P. pmilltis jiidtaiis Bocc. Ic. et Descrip. Rar. Sic, &c., p. 42,<br />
t. 20, tig. 5 (1074),./7
302 SPERGULA PENTANDRA IN IRELAND ?<br />
and open to no doubt. Nolte himself writes " P. fiUformis Persoon,"<br />
yet be does not put the sign 1 as having seen Persoon's ]Dlant.<br />
P. Friesii Rupr. Beit, zur PL d. Russ. Reich. 4, p. 43, 1845 !<br />
The name of this pbxnt, the P. viucronatus of authors (except Presl),<br />
is as difficult to settle as that oi filiformis<br />
names it appears under are given here<br />
Nolte. Some of the<br />
:—<br />
P. compressuiii Oeder, Flora Dan. t. 203 (17G5) ;<br />
! Roth, Beit,<br />
z. Bot. 2, p. 130 (1783).<br />
P. acutifolius Presl, Fl. Cech. p. 37 (1819)<br />
P. comiiressum fj. elongatum Wahl. Fl. Suec. 1, p. 107, 1824,<br />
Jide Meyer.<br />
P. jmsillus L., var. a, Cham, et Sch. Linngea, 2, 171-2 (1827)<br />
P. pusiUus L., var. major Fi-ies, Nov. Fl. Suec. p. 48 (1828)<br />
P. compirssum Smith, Engl. Fl. 1, p. 234 (1828)<br />
P. pnsillns var. latifolius Meyer, Ch. Hann. p. 525 (183G).<br />
P. miicromitus Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. v. 7, 15 (1844),<br />
lion Scbrader ?<br />
P. Oederi Meyer, Fl. Hann. Excur. 1849.<br />
P. acutifolius Meinsbausen, Fl. Ing. Exsicc. 7, G13 (1861)<br />
? P. jJ^isilhcs L., var. interruptns Schul. Oest. Fl. ed. 2 (1814).<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
SPERGULA PENTANDBA IN IRELAND?<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S.<br />
In the last number of the 'Annals of Botany,' Mr. Druce gives<br />
his reasons for considering S}}er(jula pentandra an Irish plant. The<br />
greater part of his paper is occupied with a description of the<br />
species, " adopted from the Fl. Hispan. by Wilkomm et Lange," with<br />
bibliography and synonymy : but its chief interest lies in the<br />
evidence adduced for accepting the plant as native. This is tbus<br />
stated by Mr. Druce:— " While recently engaged in examining the<br />
plants in the Dillenian Herbarium in the Oxford collection, I came<br />
upon a specimen of a Spen/ula, which from the seeds I saw was S.<br />
pentandra. It was labelled ' 351. 8 from G. Sherard' : the number<br />
refers to the page and paragraph of the 3rd edition of Ray's<br />
Synopsis, and G. Sherard is AVilham Sherard, the munificent donor<br />
of plants and endowments to the Oxford Botanic Garden, sometime<br />
Consul at Smyrna In support of the contention that it is a<br />
native plant of Ireland we have the fact that the plant in question<br />
is true S. jientandra, that it is labelled 'collect. G. Sherard,' that it<br />
is preserved on the original numbered sheet, that it was in the<br />
sheet of the Dillenian herbarium corresponding to the pagination<br />
of his Synopsis, and the number on it agrees with the especial<br />
paragraph where the plant is so aptly described ; and that we know<br />
Sherard visited several parts of Ireland, including Drogheda and<br />
the Mourne Mountains, in one of which places he most probably<br />
collected the plant in question."
THE FERTILISATION OF THE SUGAR-CANE. 303<br />
The entry in the ' Synopsis,' on wliicli rests the original claim<br />
of S. pentandra to appear in our Floras, runs :— " In Hibernia locis<br />
arenosis observavit Dr. G. Sherard." Its records in Britain are<br />
certainly erroneous, and this might have been more clearly stated<br />
by Mr. Druce. Thus he says: "Sir James Smith in E. B.<br />
No. 1536 (1805), figured a plant which he called S. pentandra L.,<br />
but which, as figured, is apparently a form of S. arvensis L."<br />
Mr. Druce does not seem to be aware that this plate is reproduced<br />
in the 3rd edition of ' English Botany,' t. 253, and cited by Syme as<br />
S. an-ensis, var, sativa, which it undoubtedly represents. Mr. Druce's<br />
quotation from ' Comp. Cyb. Bnt.' iii. 490, is hardly accurate : he<br />
cites:— "Watson says, ' S. pentandra Sm. nou Linn., Bedford,<br />
Lancashire,' and identifies it (with his usual acumen) with the var.<br />
rulii'iris [Boenn.] Syme ii. 127." Mr. Watson wrote: " Spenjnlu<br />
[(irccnsis) pentandra Sm. (not of Linn.) Bedford. Lancaster.<br />
. . . . S. arvensis vav. vidi/aris ; Eng. Bot. ii. 127." No one doubts<br />
Mr. Watson's " acumen," but on this occasion he is simply citing<br />
Syme's determination.<br />
It would be easy to quote other records of this Spergula as a<br />
British plant, but in every case it is practically certain that a<br />
form of .S'. arvensis was intended. Whether Mr. Druce's evidence<br />
is siifticient to establish its claims to be considered Irish, each one<br />
must decide for himself. Mr. Druce writes :— " Stokes, in Withering,<br />
1787, vol. i. p. 482, says it is much like .S'. arvensis but smoot'ier,<br />
and simply quotes Sherard's locality." But here I must again<br />
demur (as in other instances which might be mentioned) to his<br />
citation : for the first half of this sentence is merely quoted by<br />
Stokes from Linnreus, and he does not mention either Siierard or<br />
his locality. Stokes does say, however :— " The botanists of Ireland<br />
may enable us to ascertain" more about it; and I think his words<br />
may fitly apply now. The '<br />
Cybele Hibernica ' says, '^ Sjienjula<br />
pentandra, supposed to have been found in Ireland by Sherard, was,<br />
in all probability, a species of Lejiiyonum." Mr. A. G. More will<br />
be able to tell us whether he has subsequently modified his opinion.<br />
THE FERTILISATION OF THE SUGAE-CANE.<br />
We are indebted to the kindness of Dr. Fressanges, formerly<br />
President of the Medical Society of Mauritius, for a copy of the<br />
' Revue llistorique et Litteraire de I'lle Maurice,' for April 28rd,<br />
I8'.i0, wliich contains a communication from his pen on the<br />
fertilisation of the Sugar-cane, read before the Society on the 12th<br />
of November, 1884. Tlic letter from wliich we extract the following<br />
is of great interest, especially when viewed in the light of recent<br />
researches. There seems little doubt that Dr. Fressanges really<br />
has seen and figured the germination in situ of the Sugar-cane;<br />
but it is to be regretted that he did not obtain and describe the<br />
actual seed, which would have placed his discovery absolutely<br />
beyond question. This, unfortunately, he did not do.
301 THE FERTILISATION OF THE SUGAR-CANE.<br />
" Port Louis, Nov. 12th, 1884.<br />
"At the last sitting but one I made a communication to you on<br />
the fertilisation of the Sugar-cane flower, and on the development<br />
of the embryo in situ. I have reason now to regret that I was not<br />
able at the time to produce the specimens in support of my case.<br />
The little which is now left of them, and for which I have to thank<br />
M. C. Baschet, I will place before you. You see in this little box<br />
and the accompanying sketches the remains of a panicle:<br />
"1. A scrap of peduncle with a j)air of barren spikelets at each<br />
of its nodes, one spikelet sessile, the other stalked, with glumes and<br />
pales spreading at their base. 2. An internode producing at its<br />
lower end a pair of spikelets ; the sessile one, four times the ordinary<br />
size, is an early development of fertilisation, and has both glumes<br />
and pales spreading at its base. 3. A fertile spikelet, five times<br />
ordinary size, stalked, and with spreading glumes and pales,<br />
4. A pair of transformed spikelets ; a little plant replaces axis for<br />
axis the sessile spikelet, and the peduncle bears a remnant of the<br />
fertilised flower ; the latter is not then completely free.<br />
" The Secretary of the Societe Royale des Arts et des Sciences,<br />
who arrived in Mauritius a month after the occurrence, says he has<br />
seen a specimen of the panicles, and only observed the following:<br />
1. Simple shoots, situated in the axillary portions of the inflorescence.<br />
2. That the extremities of the peduncles of the flowers which have<br />
fallen, according to him, as usual, have no shoots. 8. That if the<br />
grain had existed, it would occupy the same place as the flower,<br />
viz., the end of the peduncle. 4. That each shoot separately<br />
examined does not have the scales which envelope the flower, and<br />
which persist in all grasses as an envelope of the grain. 5. That<br />
these shoots bear no trace of a grain or a seed-leaf,<br />
" What we have already shown you would be a sufiBcient answer.<br />
However, we will go further :<br />
"1. The axillary portions of the inflorescence means, as you<br />
know, the axils of all the divisions of the panicle. I suppose the<br />
shoots are not found in all the angles at once, and that the<br />
Secretary means only the axil between each pair of spikelets and<br />
the last axis of the panicle. Now, those who have seen the little<br />
plants have seen them, as in the specimen before you, in the place of<br />
the spikelets axis for axis, and not in any axillary portion of the<br />
inflorescence at all. M. C. Baschet and Dr. Le Bobinec have seen<br />
it to be so.<br />
" 2. The extremities of the peduncles are not free from flowers,<br />
and the flowers have not all fallen, for here is a peduncle with an<br />
enormously developed flower which the Secretary calls a shoot.<br />
" 3. This development of the flower indicates, then, the position<br />
of the grain at the extremity of the peduncle.<br />
" 4. The scales enveloping the flower, which we interpi'et as<br />
glumes, do exist here. We are not confounding them with the<br />
paleoles of the fruit. We say fruit, and not grain, because the<br />
envelopes of the one are not exactly those of the other.<br />
" 5. The development of the grain causes the destruction of the<br />
rest of the fruit, and that is why, at a certain stage, no trace of the
NEW GUATEMALAN BROMELIACE^. 305<br />
fruit can be found on the Sugar-cane ; it is the same with the<br />
seed-leaf, which we understand to be the cotyledon, unless the<br />
Secretary means the cotyledouary sheath, for it is the first dullcoloured<br />
amplexicaul leaf which is present at the base of the plant<br />
in our specimen."<br />
In the plate which accompanies the paper, a spikelet is figured<br />
with the young plant growing out from between the glumes. The<br />
figure is fifom a dried specimen, and nothing is indicated in the<br />
young plant except the two primary leaves rolled up.<br />
NEW GUATEMALAN BUOMELIACEM.<br />
By J. G. Baker, F.R.S.<br />
For the opportunity of examining a small set of BromeUacecB,<br />
gathered by himself in Guatemala, I am indebted to John Donnell-<br />
Smith, Esq., of Baltimore, who has recently reported on, in the<br />
American ' Botanical Gazette,' and distributed a fine collection of<br />
plants made by Von Turekheim in the same country.<br />
iEJchmea (Hohenbekgia) isabellina, n. sp. — Leaves lorate,<br />
2 ft. or more long, 2-2^ in. broad, moderately firm, glabrous above,<br />
thiuly lepidote beneath ; apes deltoid-cuspidate ; marginal spines<br />
large and pungent, lower ^ in. long. Peduncle stout, \^ ft. long,<br />
with few large ascending scariose lanceolate bract-leaves. Inflorescence<br />
a narrow panicle 2 ft. long, with numerous short simple<br />
deflexed branches 1-2 in. long ; lower branches much longer and<br />
bipinnate, subtended by large red lanceolate bract-leaves ; rachis<br />
densely pubescent ; flowers laxly disposed ; flower-bracts ovateacuminate,<br />
^ in. long. Sepals ovate, imbricated, ^ in. long, not<br />
distinctly cus[)idate, rather longer than the globose ovary. Petals<br />
protruded, }; in., probably yellow.—Boca del Polocbic, dept. Ysabel,<br />
alt. 200 ft., Doiinell-Siuith 1824! Intermediate between .E. laxi/lora<br />
Bentli. ixndpyntmiddlis Benth.<br />
' I JE. (Lajiprococcus) Donnell-Smithii, n. sp.—Leaves lanceo-<br />
late, very rigid, above 2 ft. long, 3 in. broad low down, glaln-ous<br />
above, obscurely lepidote beneath, narrowed gradually to the point<br />
miirginal teeth minute, crowded. Peduncle stout, above a foot<br />
long, with several pale scariose ascending lanceohite bract-leaves.<br />
Inflorescence a dense narrow bipinnate panicle above 2 ft. long,<br />
with a stout finely pubescent rachis ; many upper branches simple,<br />
not exceeding 1-H in. ; a few of the lowest compound ; flowers<br />
laxly disposed; flower-bracts minute, lanceolate, not rigid. Sepals<br />
ovate, connivent, coriaceous, distinctly cuspidate, ^ in. long, connate<br />
above tbc very small naked trigonous ovary. Petals minute.<br />
—Rio Dolce, dept. Livingstone, little above sea-level, Ihinwll-Siiiit/i<br />
very distinct species, that comes in between mexicuna<br />
1825 ! A<br />
and Skinwri.<br />
JE. (Platv.tichmka) squarrosa, n. sp.—Leaves thin, cnsiform<br />
from a very large oldoug base, iiUogcther 2.1-3 ft. long, l.l lu.<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [October, 18U0.J x
306 BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
broad at the middle, tapering gradually to the point, glabrous<br />
above, obscurely lepidote beneath ; marginal spines middle-sized,<br />
brown-pointed, the lower l-12th in. long. Peduncle slender, erect,<br />
under a foot long, with a few erect lanceolate bract-leaves. Inflorescence<br />
a bipinnate panicle 6-9 in. long, with about 8 erecto-<br />
patent branches 3-4 in. long, the lower subtended by small red<br />
flowers distichous, laxly<br />
scariose lanceolate toothed branch-bracts ;<br />
disposed, all but the uppermost deflexed; rachis acutely angled;<br />
flower-bracts oblong-navicular, coriaceous, ^ in. long. Calyx i in.<br />
long ; sepals lanceolate, connivent, distinctly cuspidate, as long as<br />
the globose ovary. Petals not seen. — Boca de Polochic, dept.<br />
Ysabel, alt. 200 ft., Donnell-Smith 1823 ! AUied to M. tillandsioides<br />
and puhescens.<br />
Tillandsiavestita C. & S.—Pacayo, dept. Amatillo,<br />
Donnell-Smith 1958 !<br />
alt. 6000 ft.,<br />
T. hulhosa, Hook.—Escuintla, alt. 1100 ft., Donnell-SmUh 2010!<br />
T. setacea, Sw.—Pacayo, dept. Amatillo, alt. 6000 ft., Donnell-<br />
Smith 1959 !<br />
T. streptophylla Schiedw.—Kio Dolce, dept. Ysabel, sea-level,<br />
Donnell-SmithlQQOl<br />
Tillandsia (Allardtia) sparsiflora, n. sp.—Leaves about a<br />
dozen in a rosette, lorate from an ovate base, altogether ^ ft. long,<br />
i in. broad at the middle, flexible, hardly at all lepidote, much<br />
tinged with purple. Peduncle curved, slender, as long as the<br />
leaves. Inflorescence a narrow lax panicle 6-8 in. long ; branchbracts<br />
lanceolate, bright red, the lower longer than the spikes ;<br />
spikes laxly disposed, distichous, erecto-patent, 1-1^ in. long, con-<br />
flower-bracts hnear-oblong,<br />
sisting of few much imbricated flowers ;<br />
glabrous, f in. long. Calyx shorter than the bract ; sepals lanceo-<br />
late. Petals not seen. — Serraguite, dept. Alta Verapaz, alt.<br />
2500 ft., Donnell-Smith 1659 !<br />
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BEITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 281.)<br />
Sheldrake, Timothy (fl. 1740-1759). M.D. 'Herbal of Medicinal<br />
Plants,' 1756. ' Botanicum Medicinale,' 1759 (plates also<br />
by him). Pritz. 296 ; Jacks. 499.<br />
Shepherd, John (1764 ?-1886) :<br />
b. Gosford, Cumberland, 1764 ?;<br />
d. Liverpool, 27 Sept., 1886; bur. St. Mary's, Edgehill, Liver-<br />
pool. A.L.S. British botanist. " A scientific horticulturist,"<br />
Nuttall. For 35 years at Liverpool Bot. Gard. ' Cat.,' 1808.<br />
Herbarium, collected 1801-1814, at the Liverpool Garden.<br />
Discovered Erijthraa latlfolia, 1803. E. B. 1532-6. 2719.<br />
Gard. Mag. xii. 724. Shepherdia Nutt.<br />
Sheppard, John (fl. 1848). Of Bristol. ' On Trees,' 1848. Jacks.<br />
207.
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 307<br />
Sherard, James (1666-1737) : b. Bushby, Leicestersh., 1666 ;<br />
d. 12 Feb., 1737 ; bur. Evington, uear Leicester. Apothecary.<br />
M.D. Oxon., 17<strong>31</strong>. F.R.C.P., 1732. F.R.S. Youuger brother<br />
of the followmg. Employed Dillenius to write ' Hortus Elthamensis,'<br />
1732. Had a garden at Eltham. Pult. ii. 150 ; R. Syu.<br />
iii. pref. ; Semple, 44 ; Mimk. ii. 127. Loudon, ' Arboretum,'<br />
81. Nich. Anecd. iii. 651. Nich. Ilkistr. i. 403. Druce, Fl.<br />
Osf. 383, 385.<br />
Sherard, William, ne Sherwood (1659-1728); b. Bushby,<br />
Leicestersh., 1659 ; d. London, 12 Aug., 1728 ; bur. at Eltham,<br />
Kent. B.C.L. Oxon., 1683. D.C.L., 1694. F.R.S., 1718.<br />
Pupil of Tournefort. ' Schola Botanica,' under pseudonym<br />
Sajiuel Wharton, 1689. Visited Cornwall and Jersey, R. Syn.<br />
ed. 1, 1690, Appendix. Edited Herman's ' Paradisus Batavus,'<br />
1698. Consul at Smyrna, 1703-15. Brought Dillenius to England.<br />
Founded Chair of Bot. at Oxford, and bequeathed library,<br />
herbarium of 12,000 species, and MS. 'Pinax' to University.<br />
Plants in Hb. Sloane. Pult. ii. 141 ; Rees ; Jacks. 606 ; Rich.<br />
Corr. 293 ; Gorham, 11 ; Journ. Bot. 1874, 129 ; Semple, 48<br />
Gent. Mag. Ixvi. ;<br />
Sherardia L.<br />
Nich. Illustr. i. 339, &c. ; Druce, Fl. Oxf. 380.<br />
Short, Thomas (d. 1772) : b. Edinburgh ; d. Rotherham, 28 Nov.,<br />
1772 ; bur. Sheffield Church. M.D. Of Sheffield, and, from<br />
1762, of Rotheram. ' Explanation of technical words in Bot.,'<br />
17<strong>31</strong>. ' Medicina Britannica,' 1746. Pritz. 296 ; Jacks. 245 ;<br />
Nich. Anecd. i. 451 ; Gent. Mag. Ixxvii, Ixxviii ; Allibone.<br />
Shuter, James (d. before 1834). M.D. F.L.S., 1819. Collected<br />
about Madras.<br />
Chois.<br />
Wight Prodr. 208. Shiiteria Wight. Shutereia<br />
Shuttleworth, Robert James (1810-1874) : b. Dawlish, Devon,<br />
Feb. 1810 ; d. Hyeres, lUth April, 1874. Captain, 1st Regiment,<br />
Duke of Lancaster's Own, 1833. F.L.S., 1856. Orig. memb.<br />
B.S.Ed. Conchologist and critical botanist. Resided many<br />
years at Berne. ' Excursion in the Valais,' Mag. Zool. Bot.<br />
1838. Had large herbarium, now in Herb. Brit. Mus. (see<br />
Journ. Bot. 1878, 179). Jacks. 158 ; R. S. C. v. 681 ; Trans.<br />
Bot. Soc. Ed. xii. 203; Bull. Soo. Bot. France, xxx. cxxxi.<br />
Whittle, Hist. Preston, ii. 235 ; Journ. de Conch, xxiii. 92.<br />
Slnitth'wnrtfiia Meisn. = Verbena.<br />
Sibbald, Sir Robert (1641-c. 1712)<br />
: b. near Leslie, Fife, 15th<br />
April, 1041 ; d. c. 1712. M.D., Leyden, 1061. F.R.C.P.,<br />
1080. First Prof. Medicine, Univ. Edinb. 1085. Knighted,<br />
1682. ' Cat. of PI. in King's Park, Edinb.,' 1084, * Scotia<br />
Filustrata,' 1084. Pult. ii. 3; Pritz. 290; Jacks. 240; Munk,<br />
i. 439; Autobiog., 1833, and in 'Analecta Scotica,' i. 120.<br />
Sihhuldifi L.<br />
Sibthorp, John (1758-1790) : b. Oxford, 1758 ; d. Bath, 8th Feb.<br />
1790; bur. Bath Abbey. M.A., Oxon, 1780. M.D., 1784.<br />
Prof. Bot., Oxford, 1783-1795. F.L.S., 1788. F.R.S. Travelled<br />
in Greece with Ferdinand Bauer, 1780-87, and in Cyprus,<br />
Asia Minor, &c., 1794-95. • Flora Oxouiensis,' 1794. 'Flora<br />
x2
808 BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Graeca ' (posth.), 1806-40. Eees ; Pritz. 296 ; Jacks. 606; Pref.<br />
to ' Fl. Graeca ;<br />
'<br />
Garden.<br />
Druce, Fl. Oxfordsli., 387. Oil portr. at Oxford<br />
Sidebotham, Joseph (1824-1885) : b. Apethorne, Hyde, Cheshire,<br />
1824; d. Bowdou, Cheshire, 30th May, 1885; bur. Bowdon.<br />
Cahco-printer, of Manchester. Entomologist, astronomer, and<br />
photographer. F.L.S., 1878. Contrib. to Phyt., 1841. 'PI.<br />
in Westmoreland.' One of founders of Manchester Field Nat.<br />
Soc. Journ. Bot. 1885, <strong>31</strong>9 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1883-86, 107<br />
E. S. C. V. 683 ; viii. 948.<br />
Sidney, Rev. Edwin (fl. 1800-1846). B.A., Camb., 1821. M.A.,<br />
1825. Eector of Cornard Parva, Suffolk. ' Philosophj of<br />
Nutrition in Plants,' 1849. ' Blights of Wheat,' 1846. Jacks.<br />
107 ; E. S. C. V. 684 ; Allibone.<br />
Silliard, Zancke (fl. 1640). Apothecary, Dublin. Sent Drosera<br />
anqlica to Parkinson, ' Theatr.,' 1053.<br />
Sim, Robert (c. 1828-1882): b. Kent, 1828?; d.<br />
Kent, Sept. 1882. Nurseryman. Knew Brit.<br />
Foot's<br />
Ferns<br />
Cray,<br />
well.<br />
' Catalogue British Ferns and Varieties,' 1863. Gard. Chron.<br />
1882, ii. 472.<br />
Simmonds, Thomas Williams (d. 1804) : b. Dartford ? Kent<br />
d. Trinidad, 1804. Of Settle. Surgeon. Naturalist to Lord<br />
Seaforth, Governor of Barbadoes, 1803. Windsor's * Flora<br />
Cravoniensis,'<br />
Nutt.<br />
dedication & viii. E. S. C. v. 700. Simmondsia<br />
Simmonite, William Joseph (fl. 1840-1854). Of Sheffield.<br />
' Medical Botany,' 1848, Jacks. 202 ; E. S. C. v, 700; Allibone.<br />
Sims, John (1749-18<strong>31</strong>): b. Canterbury, 1749; d, Dorking,<br />
18<strong>31</strong>, M.D., Edinb., 1774. F.L.S., 1788. Studied at Leyden,<br />
1773-74. Settled in Ijondon, 1779. Edited 'Annals of Bot.'<br />
with Konig, 1805-6, and 'Bot. Mag.,' vols, xiv.-xlii. Plants in<br />
Herb. Kew. Jacks. 606 ; E. S. C. v. 707 ; Gard. Chron. 1887,<br />
i. 641. Private etched portr. by Mrs. Dawson Turner. Engr.<br />
(medallion) portr., 1817, in Ann. Bot. i. Simsia Br.<br />
Sinclair, Andrew (d. 1861) : drowned in E. Eaugitata, New<br />
Zealand, 26th March, 1861. M.D. P.L.S., 1857. Assistant<br />
Surgeon, E.N., 1824, on H.M.S. ' Sulphur.' Colonial Sec,<br />
New Zealand. Collected in Australia and New Zealand. Plants<br />
at Kew. ' Vegetation of Auckland." E. S. C. v. 707 ; Journ.<br />
Bot. 1851, 212; Gard. Chron. 1861, 773; Proc, Linn, Soc.<br />
1861-2, xcv. Sinchdria Hook. = Liabum.<br />
Sinclair, George (1786-1834) : b, Mellerstain, Berwicksh,, 1786;<br />
d. Deptford, 13th March, 1834. Gardener to Duke of Bedford.<br />
Seedsman. F.L.S., 1824. 'HortusCantabrigiensis,' ed. 12, 18<strong>31</strong>.<br />
' Hortus Gramineus Woburneusis,' 1816, ed. 2, 1824 ; ed. 3,<br />
1835 ; ed. 4, 1838. Pritz. 298; Jacks. 600; Gard. Mag, x, 192;<br />
Donaldson's Agric, Biog, 113,<br />
Sinclair, Sir John, Bart. (1754-1835) : b. Thurso Castle, Caithness,<br />
10th May, 1754 ; d. Edinburgh, 21st Dec, 1835, Statist.<br />
President, Board of Agriculture, 1793, F.E.S. F.L.S., 1810.<br />
M.P., Caithness, &c., 1780-1811. D.O.L., Glasgow, 1788.
BIOGBAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 309<br />
Bart., 1780. ' Hints on Vegetation,' 1796. ' Inquiry into . . .<br />
Blight,' 1809. Jacks. 67 ; Memoir by liev. Jolin Sinclair, 1837<br />
Gent. Mag. 1836, i. 4<strong>31</strong> ; Donaldson, Agric. Biog.<br />
Skeen, James (11. 1703). Surgeon. Sent plants from Guinea to<br />
Petiver, Mus, Pet. 95.<br />
Skene, David (1735 ?-1771) : b. Aberdeen, 1735?; d. Aberdeen,<br />
Dec. 1771. M.D., Aberdeen. Had a herbarium. Corresponded<br />
with Linnanis. Murray, ' Northern Flora,' ix.<br />
Skepper, Edmund (1825-1867): b. Oulton, Suffolk, 20th Oct.<br />
1825 ; d. Bury St. Edmunds, 2ud Jmie, 1867 ; bur. Bury<br />
Cemetery. Druggist at Harwich and Bury. * Flora of Suffolk,'<br />
1860. Jacks. 260; Hind's ' Fl. Suffolk,' 485.<br />
Skinner, — . (H. 1772). "Acutissimus oculatissimusque Botanicus<br />
Oxoniensi," Foist. Gen. p. 58. Skinnera Forst.<br />
Skinner, George Ure (1804-1867): b. Newcastle, 18th March,<br />
1804; d. Aspinwall, Panama, 9th Jan. 1867. F.L.S., 1866.<br />
Merchant in Leeds and Guatemala. Collected and grew<br />
Orchids. Trans. B. S. Ed. ix. 91 ; Gard. Chron. 1867, 180<br />
Proc. Linn. Soc. 1866-7, xxxviii. Uroskinnera Lindl.<br />
Skrimshire, William (1766-1830). Entomologist. Of Wisbech.<br />
Contrib. to Eng. Bot. (379, 423, 463, 1369).<br />
Sleeman, Sir William Henry (1788-1856) :<br />
K. S. C. v. 712.<br />
b. Stratton, Cornwall,<br />
1788 ; d. at sea on passage from Calcutta, 10th Feb.<br />
1856. H. E. I. C. military service, 1808. Major-general, 1855.<br />
K.C.B., 1856. 'Age and Flowering of Bamboos,' Trans. Agric.<br />
Soc. India, 1839-1842. E. S. C. v. 714 ; Gent. Mag. 1856,<br />
ii. 243 ; Allibone.<br />
Sloane, Sir Hans (1660-1753): b. Killileagh, Co. Down, 16th<br />
April, 1660; d. Chelsea, 11th Jan. 1753; bur. Chelsea Churchyard.<br />
M.D., Orange, 1684; Oxon, 1701. F.E.S., 1685.<br />
P.K.S., 1727-1740. F.R.C.P., 1687. P.E.C.P., 1719-1735.<br />
Baronet, 1715. For. Memb. Acad. Sci., 1708. Pupil of<br />
Tournefort. ' Catalogus PI. Jamaic.,' 1696. 'Nat. Hist, of<br />
Jamaica,' 1707-1725. Gave Chelsea Garden to Apothecaries'<br />
Company. Herbarium, 240 vols., library, and MSS. in Mus.<br />
Mem.<br />
Eay Brit. Pult. ii. 65 ; Eees ; Pritz. 298 ; Jacks. 607 :<br />
40 ; Nich. Illustr. i. 269 ; Munk, i. 460 ; Literary Mag. 1790,<br />
with portr. by Angus ; Faulkner's Chelsea, i. 338, with portr.<br />
engr. T. Prescott; Semple, with portr., 26. Statue by Eysbrach<br />
in Chelsea Garden. Wedgwood medallion. Portr. at<br />
E.C.P. by T. Murray, engr. Faber, 1728. Portr. by Kneller,<br />
1716, engr. Faber, 1729. Sldanca L.<br />
Smart, John (£1. 1708). Surgeon. Sent Hudson's Bay and<br />
Maryland plants to Petiver, lib. Sloane 159 ; list in his handwriting<br />
in lib. Sloane, 158.<br />
Smeathman, Henry M. (1750-1787). Collected in Sierra Leone,<br />
Madagascar, and W. Indies. Plants in Brit. Mus. and Herb.<br />
DoCandolle. Sitn'dtlnnnnnitt Br.<br />
Smee, Alfied (1818-1877): b. Camberwell, London, 18th Jiuu!,<br />
1818; d. Wallington, Croydon, lltli Jan. 1877 ; bur. Bedding-<br />
ton. M.E.C.S., 1840. F.E.S. F.L.S., 1875. Surgeon to
<strong>31</strong>0 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Garden,'<br />
My Bank of England. ' The Potato-plant,' 1846. '<br />
1872. Pritz. 299 ; Jacks. 412 ; E. S. C. v. 715 ; Memoir by his<br />
daughter; Gard. Chron. 1877, i. 88, 108, with portr.<br />
Smith, Mrs. {nee Macdonald), (fl. 1839). Studied and collected<br />
Orchids in Van Diemen's Land. Lindley, Swan Eiver, p. i.<br />
Macdonaldia Gunn. (Lindl.) = Thehjmitra.<br />
Smith, Alexander (1832-1865) : b. Kew, 17th Dec. 1832 d. Kew,<br />
;<br />
15th May, 1865 ; bur. Kew Churchyard. Son of John Smith<br />
{vide infra). Curator of Kew Museum, 1856-1858 ; of Herbarium,<br />
1864. Curator, Natal Garden, 1853. Contributed to<br />
' Treas. Bot.'<br />
portr. Kew.<br />
E. S. C. v. 716 ; Journ. Bot. 1865, 199. Photo,<br />
Smith, Charles (fl. 1744-1774). M.D. Of Dublin. Irish county<br />
historian. Lists of plants in his County Histories. Pult. ii.<br />
202 ; Cybele Hibern. 384. Portr. in ' State of Kerry,' 1756.<br />
Smith, Charles H. J. (fl. 1852). Landscape Gardener. Of Edinburgh.<br />
' Parks and Pleasure Grounds,' 1852.<br />
Smith, Christopher (d. 1806?): d. Penang, 1806? F.L.S.,<br />
1793. Sent to Otaheite in H.M.S. ' Providence,' 1791. Botanist<br />
to H. E. I. C, 1794. Sent to Moluccas, 1796. Superintendent,<br />
Bot. Gardens, Moluccas, circ. 1805. Drawings and plants in<br />
Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Ann. Bot. i. 569 (1805) ; Gard. Chron.<br />
1881, ii. 267.<br />
Smith, Edwin Dalton (fl. 1823-32). Of Chelsea. Botanical<br />
draughtsman. E.L.S., 1823. Drew plants for Sweet's 'Flower<br />
Garden,' 1823-32. Sweet, Fl. Gard. 1, ii. 142. Illustrated in<br />
Mcintosh's ' Flora and Pomona,' 1829. Jacks. 214.<br />
Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth (fl. 1797). Of Barnham House, Gloucestersh.<br />
Discovered Cephalanthera rubra. Eng. Bot. 437.<br />
Smith, Frederick Porter (1833-1888): b. 1833; d. Shepton<br />
Mallett, March, 1888. M.B., Lond., 1855. Medical Missionary<br />
in Central China. Contrib. to Materia Medica and Nat. Hist,<br />
of China, 1871. Pliarm. Journ. 3 S.xviii. 859 ; E. S. C. vih. 968.<br />
Smith, Frederick W. (fl. 1834-38). Illustrated Paxton's ' Mag.<br />
Bot.,' 1834-38; 'Florists' Magazine,' 1836. Pritz. 299; Gard.<br />
Chron. 1887, ii. 434.<br />
Smith, G. Campbell (fl. 18<strong>31</strong>-6). Land Surveyor. Of Banff.<br />
Discovered Fiwjuicula alpina in Eoss. Murray, ' Northern<br />
Flora,' 17.<br />
Smith, Rev. Gerard Edwards (1805-1881) : b. 1805 ; d. Ockbrock,<br />
Derby, 21st Dec. 1881. Vicar of Cantley, Yorks., 1844-6<br />
of Osmaston, Derby, 1854-71. ' Cat. of PI. of South Kent,'<br />
1829. Described Ophrifs arachnites and Statice binervosa for<br />
Eng. Bot. Suppl. (2596 "& 2683), and FiUujo apiculata in Phyt.<br />
1846. Herbarium at University Coll., Nottingham. Pritz.<br />
299; Jacks. 254; E. S. C. v. 723; Journ. Bot. 1882, 63;<br />
Top. Bot. ed. 2, 556.<br />
Smith, Henry (il. 1816). M.D. F.L.S., 1816. Physician to<br />
SaUsbury infirmary. ' Flora Sarisburiensis,' 1817. Pritz. 299.<br />
Smith, Henry Ecroyd (1823-1888):<br />
1823 ; d. Middleham, Yorksh. 1888.<br />
b. Doncaster, 28th Aug.<br />
Archaeologist. Went to
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. <strong>31</strong>1<br />
Victoria, 1852. Contributed to 'Flora of Liverpool,' 1872.<br />
E. S. C. V. 724.<br />
Smith, James (fl. 1820). Nurseryman, of Ayr. "A very diligent<br />
practical botanist," Mem. Wernerian Soc. iii. 298. Discovered<br />
Veronica hirsuta. Hook. Fl. Scot. G.<br />
Smith, James (fl. 1830). Of Edinburgh. In Demerara, 1829.<br />
' On the Milk-tree of Demerara,' Edinb. New Phil. Journ. \^u.<br />
1830, <strong>31</strong>5. K. S. C. V. 725.<br />
Smith, Sir James Edward (1759-1828) : b. Norwich, 2nd Dec.<br />
1759; d. Norwich, 17th March, 1828 ; bur. Lowestoft. M.D.,<br />
Leyden, 1786. F.R.S., 1785. Founded Linu. Soc, 1788.<br />
P.L.S., 1788-1828. Purchased Linnaus' collections, 1784.<br />
Kmghted, 1814. 'English Dot.,' 1790-1814. 'Flora Brit.,'<br />
1794-1804. f/.sya >itcoi ^fiTCii/vuv Spreugel ; Pritz. 299; Jacks.<br />
607 ;<br />
' Memoir and Correspondence,' by Lady Smith, with<br />
portr. by H. B. Love, engr. W. Say, after bust by Chantrey<br />
E. S. C. V. 725; Nich. Ihustr. vi. 830, with portr.; Nich.<br />
Anecd. viii. ; Cott. Card. v. 185 ; Mag. Nat. Hist. i. (1829), 90;<br />
Gent. Mag. 1828, i. 297 ; Allibone. Bust by Chantrey at Linn.<br />
Soc. Portr. in Thornton. Copy at Kew. Engr. by R. Pastorini.<br />
Smithia Aiton, Dryander.<br />
Smith, Rev. John (fl. 1695). Sent plants to Petiver from<br />
Guinea, Mus. Pet. nos. 21, 95.<br />
Smith, John (1798-1888): b. Aberdour, Fife, 5th Oct. 1798;<br />
d. Kew, 14th Feb. 1888; bur. Kew Churchyard. A.L.S.,<br />
1837. Gardener at Edinburgh Bot. Card., 1818; at Kew,<br />
1822 ; Curator, 1841-64. 'Ferns, British and Foreign,'<br />
1866. 'Domestic Botany,' 1871. ' Historia Filicum,' 1875.<br />
'Dictionary of Economic Botany,' 1882. Pritz. 300; Jacks.<br />
607; E. S. C. v. 729; viii. 972; Journ. Bot. 1888, 102; Autobiog.,<br />
Gard. Chron. 1876 ; Card. Chron. 1888, i. 216 ; Athenaeum,'<br />
1888, i. 248 ; Amials of Bot. ii. (1889), 429, with bibliog.<br />
Photo, portr. at Kew. Fern Herbarium in Mus. Brit.<br />
Smith, Joseph (1774 ?-1857) : d. Gray's Inn, London, 26th May,<br />
1857. Barrister. F.E.S., 1819. F.L.S., 1811. "WeU acquainted<br />
with British plants," Proc. Linn. Soc. 1857-8, xxxvii.<br />
Smith, Rev. William (1808-1857) : b. Ballymoney, Co. Antrim,<br />
12ih Jan. 180b; d. Cork, 6th Oct. 1857. Unitarian Minister.<br />
F.L.S., 1847. Prof. Nat. Hist., Queen's Coll., Cork, 1854.<br />
' Synopsis of Brit. Diatoms,' 1853-56. ' List of Diatomacete in<br />
Brit. Mus.,' 1859. Pritz. 300; Jacks. 607; R. S. C. v. 733;<br />
Proc. Linn. Soc. 1857-58, xxxvii.<br />
Smith, William (1804 9-1828); b. Hopctoun, Linlithgowsh., c.<br />
1804; d. Loudon, 15th Nov. 1828. A.L.S., 1828. Gardener<br />
E. Hort Soc, Chiswick. Studied British roses. Gard. Mag.<br />
V. 495.<br />
Snooke, William Drew (1787-1857) : b. Wool, Dorset, 6th Nov.<br />
1787 ; d. Itydc, 5th Sept. 1857 ; bur. Eyde Cemetery. ' Flora<br />
Vcctiana,' 1823. Jacks. 254.<br />
Solander, Daniel Charles (1736-1782) : b. Nordland, Sweden,<br />
1736; d. London, 1782. D.C.L., Oxon, 1771. F.li.S. Favourite
<strong>31</strong>2 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
pupil of Limifeus. Came to England, 1760, as Under-librariaii,<br />
Bht. Mus. Accompanied Banks on Cook's first voyage, 1768-<br />
1771, and to Iceland, 1772. Librarian to Banks. Edited Ellis's<br />
'Hist. Zoophytes,' 1786. MSS. in Bot. Dept., Mus. Brit.<br />
Pult. ii. 350; Chalmers; Linn. Letters, ii. 1; Woolls, Bot.<br />
Discov. Austral. 8. Oil portr. and medallion at Linn. Soc.<br />
Two Wedgwood medallions. Engr. by J. Newton, 1784, after<br />
J. Sowerby. Litho. from<br />
Solandra L. = Hydrocotyle.<br />
oil portr. at Linn. Soc. ;<br />
Solandra L. fil.<br />
at Kew.<br />
Sole, William (1739 ?-1802) : b. 1739 ? ; d. Bath, 7th Feb. 1802.<br />
Of Bath. Druggist. A.L.S., 1788. ' Menthse Britannic^,'<br />
1798. ' MS. Flora Bathonica,' 1782. Fritz. 300; Jacks. 238;<br />
Gent. Mag. 1802, i. 274 ; Phyt. iii. 581.<br />
Solly, Edward (1820 ?-1886) : b. 1820 ? ;<br />
Solea Spr.<br />
d. Sutton, Surrey, 2nd<br />
April, 1886. F.L.S., 1842. F.E.S., 1843. Prof. Chemistry,<br />
Koyal Hort. Soc. Brother-in-law of Eoyle. ' Veg. Physiology<br />
based upon Electricity,' 1847. Jacks. 607 ; K. S. C. v. 745-6<br />
'Athenffium,' 1886, i. 489.<br />
Solly, Richard Horsman (1778-1858) : b. London, 29th April,<br />
1778; d. Loudon, <strong>31</strong>st March, 1858. F.E.S. F.L.S., 1826.<br />
Studied Vegetable Physiology and Anatomy. Bot. Eeg. 1. 1466;<br />
E. S. C. V. 746. Sollya Liudl.<br />
Somerset, Mary {nix Capel), Duchess of Beaufort (1630?-<br />
1714): b. 1630'?; d. Badminton, Gloucestersh., 7th Jan. 1714;<br />
bur. Badminton. Previously Lady Beauchamp. Had a botanic<br />
garden at Badminton, Eich. Corr. 33 ; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 61<br />
Plants in Herb. Sloane. Beaxifortia E. Br.<br />
Sommerville, Thomas (1783 ?-1810): d. Edinburgh, 17th March,<br />
1810. Superintendent, Bot. Gard., Edinburgh. Mem. Wern.<br />
Soc. i. 246.<br />
Southby, Anthony {olim Gapper), (fl. 1835-1842). Of Bridgewater.<br />
M.D. Sent catalogue of Somerset and Wilts plants<br />
to Watson, N. B. G. 27. Top. Bot. ed. 2, 556; E. S. C.<br />
V. 762.<br />
Sowerby, Charles Edward (1795-1842) : b. London, 1795 ; d.<br />
London, 7th May, 1842. A.L.S., 1827. Third son of James<br />
Sowerby. Superintended small edition of Eng. Bot. Contrib.<br />
to Eng. Bot. 2446. Pritz. 301 ; Jacks. 235 ; Proc. Linn. Soc.<br />
i. 149.<br />
Sowerby, George Brettingham (1788-1854): b. Lambeth, 1788 ;<br />
d. 26th July, 1854. F.L.S., 1811. Second son of James<br />
Sowerby. Conchologist and muscologist. Contrib. to Eng. Bot.<br />
(1304, 1710, 1866, 1939). Gent. Mag. 1854, ii. 406; 'Athenffium,'<br />
1854, 971 ; Allibone.<br />
Sowerby, James (1757-1822) : b. London, 21st March, 1757 ; d.<br />
Lambeth, 25th Oct. 1822. Botanical Artist. A.L.S., 1788.<br />
F.L.S., 1793. 'Botanical Drawing-book,' 1789. ' Enghsh<br />
Botany,' with Smith, 1790-1614. 'Brit. Fungi,' 1797-1809.<br />
'Exotic Botany,' 1804-5. Eng. Bot. 103, <strong>31</strong>7; Pritz. 301;<br />
Jacks. 608; E. S. C. v. 765; Gent. Mag. 1822, ii. 568; Cott.<br />
Gard. v. 29. Engr. portr. at Linn. Soc. tSowerbcea Sm.
BIOGEAPmCAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. <strong>31</strong>3<br />
Sowerby, James De Carle (1787 ?-1871) : b. Stoke Newington,<br />
1787?; a. Loiulou, 2Uth Aug. 1871. F.L.S., 1823. Eldest<br />
son of the preceding. Chemist and conchologist. Sec. Eoyal<br />
Bot. Soc, 1839-69. Drew figures in Loudon Encycl. of Plants<br />
and Supplement to Eng. Bot. (originals in Bot. Dept., Brit.<br />
Mus.). Described some plants in Eng. Bot. Suppl. E. S. C.<br />
V. 7C5; viii. 987; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1871-2, Ixxix.; Gard. Chron.<br />
1871, 1260; Journ. Bot. 1871, <strong>31</strong>9.<br />
Sowerby, John Edward (d. 1870). Son of Charles Edwards.<br />
Botanical draughtsman. ' British Wild Flowers Illustrated,'<br />
1860. Jacks. 608.<br />
Speede, G. T. Frederic S. Barlow (fl. 1840-1848). ' Indian Handbook<br />
of Gardening,' 1840; ed, 2, 1842 (list of plants in Hindustani<br />
and English). Jacks. 11.<br />
Spicer, Rev. William Webb (1820 ?-1879) : b. Westminster,<br />
1820?; d. 28th April, 1879. B.A., Oxon, 1843. M.A., 1848.<br />
Hector, Itchen Abbas, 1850-74. Contrib. to Phyt. iv. ' Handy<br />
book to collection of Freshwater Algae,' 1867. ' Handbook of<br />
Plants of Tasmania,' 1873. Jacks. 608 ; E. S. C. viii. 989.<br />
Spittall, Robert (fl. 1829-1846). Surgeon. Of Edhiburgh.<br />
President, Plinian Nat. Hist. Soc, 1829. Experimented on<br />
Mimosa piidica, Edinb. New Phil. Jouru. 1830, 60. E. S. C.<br />
V. 775.<br />
Spottswood, — . (fl. 1673). Surgeon. Published catalogue of<br />
Tangier plants in 1673. Plants in Hb. Delessert. Lasegue,<br />
440, 504.<br />
Spratt, George (fl. 1829-1843). M.E.C.S. Editor of 'Flora<br />
Medica' (published anonymously), 1829-30. 'Medico-botanical<br />
Pocket-book,' 1836. Supplied medico-botanical portion and<br />
superintended colouring plates of Woodville's 'Medical Botany,'<br />
ed. 3, 1832. Pritz. 303.<br />
Stackhouse, John (1742-1819): b. Trehane, Cornwall, 1742;<br />
d. Bath, 22ud Nov. 1819. Fellow, Exeter College, Oxford,<br />
1761-64. F.L.S., 1795. 'Nereis Britannica,' 1795-1801;<br />
ed. 2, 1816. Translated Theophrastus' Hist. PI., 1811. Pritz.<br />
304 ; Jacks. 608 ; E. S. C. v. 787 ; Gent. Mag. 1820, i. 88.<br />
Portr. in his Tlieophrastus. Stachlumnia Sm.<br />
Stanger, Hon. William (1813 ?-1854): b. Wisbech, Cambridgesh.,<br />
1813?; d. D'Urban, Natal, 14th March, 1854. F.B.S.Ed.,<br />
1836. M.D., Edinb. Visited Australia. Practised in London.<br />
On the Niger Expedition, 1841. Surveyor-General, Natal.<br />
Discovered Staurjeria. Journ. Bot. 1853, 228; 'Athenieum,'<br />
1854, 749. Stan;ieriu Moore.<br />
Stanhope, Philip Henry, 4th Earl (1781-1855): b. London,<br />
7lhDec. 1781 ; d. CheveniugPark, Sevenoaks, Kent, 2nd March,<br />
1855. M.P., 1806. Succeeded, 1816. Pres. Med. -Bot. Soc.<br />
Lond., 1829-1836. Gent. Mag. 1855, ii. 89. Stunhoi>,;, Hook.<br />
Stansfield, Abraham (1H02-1880) : b. Hugcon Croft, Kebcote-in-<br />
Slauslieid, 12t]i .Jan. 1802; d, Todmorden, Cheshire, 15th Aug.<br />
1880. Nurseryman, of Vale Gardens, Todmorden. First Pres.,<br />
Todmorden Bot. Soc, 1852. Collcclod vars. of Brit, ferns.
<strong>31</strong>4 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
• Flora of Todmorden,' ? MS. Catalogues of Ferns. Jacks.<br />
152. Gard. Cliron. 1880, ii. 283.<br />
Stark, Robert Mackenzie (1815-1873) :<br />
1816 ; d. London, 29tli Sept. 1873. Nurseryman in Edinburgh.<br />
F.B.S.Ed., 1841. ' Muscology of Cirencester,' Bot. Soc. Lend.,<br />
March, 1839, Ann. & Mag. iv. (1840), 211. ' Popular Hist. Brit.<br />
Mosses,' 1853. Pritz. 304 ; Jacks. 009 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed.<br />
b.Dirleton, East Lothian,<br />
xii. 29.<br />
Staunton, Sir George Leonard, Bart, (1737-1801) : b. Cargin,<br />
Galway, 1737 ; d. London, 14th Jan. 1801 ; bur. in Westminster<br />
Abbey. F.L.S., 1789. F.E.S. M.D. D.C.L., Oxon, 1790.<br />
Practised in West Indies, 1762-1781. Accompanied Macartney<br />
to Madras, 1781, and to China, 1792. Bart., 1785. Collected<br />
in China. Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit. Gent. Mag. 1801, i. 89,<br />
183 ; DC. Syst. i. 513. Monument by Chantrey in Westminster<br />
Abbey. Stauntonia DC.<br />
Steele, William Edward (1817 9-1883) : b. 1817 ? ; d. Dublin,<br />
6th May, 1883. A.B., Dublin, 1857. M.D., Dublin, 1856.<br />
Director, Science and Art Mus., Dublin. ' Handbook of Field<br />
Bot., 1847; ed. 2, 1851. Pritz. 304; Jacks. 009; E. S. C. v.<br />
803 ; Journ. Bot. 1883, 192.<br />
Steggall, John (fl. 1829-1860). M.R.C.S., 1825. M.D., Bologna<br />
and Pisa. ' Introduction to Botany,' 1829. ' Elements of Bot.,'<br />
ed. 2, 18<strong>31</strong>. Pritz. 305 ; Jacks. 38.<br />
Steggall, Rev. William (fl. 1826-1854). B.A., Camb., 1826.<br />
M.A., 1829. Vicar of Hunston, Suff., 1846. Herbarium of 30<br />
vols. (1830-34) in library of Stowlangtoft Hall. Hind's Fl.<br />
Suffolk, 489.<br />
Stephens, Henry Oxley (fl. 1840-54). Of Bristol. Contributed to<br />
Ann. & Mag., 1840-42, to Phyt., ii. and to Swete's 'Flora<br />
Bristoliensis ' (see pref. vi.). ' Mycology of Bristol,' Ann. & Mag.<br />
iv. (1840), 246. Had a herbarium. E. S. C. v. 822. Stephensia<br />
Tul.<br />
Stephens, Philip (d. after 1660) : b. Devizes, Wilts. ; d. London,<br />
after 1660. M.D., Oxon, 1655. F.E.C.P., 1659. ' Catalogus<br />
Hort. Bot. Oxoniensis,' with William Browne and the Bobarts,<br />
1658. Pult. i. 166; Pritz. 305; Jacks. 415; Munk, i. 296;<br />
Wood, Fasti, ii. ed. 189.<br />
Stephens, William (fl. 1718-1732). M.D., Leyden, 1718; Dublin,<br />
1724. Lecturer, Trin. Coll., Dublin. 'Botanical Elements,'<br />
Dublin, 1727. Allibone.<br />
Stephens, William (d. 1866) : murdered near Mooloolah, Queensland,<br />
1866. Kew gardener ? Formerly of Eichmond, Surrey.<br />
Collector for Brisbane Bot. Gard. Gard. Chron. 1866, 520.<br />
Stephenson, John (fl. 18<strong>31</strong>). M.D., Edinb. F.L.S., 1829.<br />
'iMedical Botany,' with J. M. Churchill, 18<strong>31</strong>. Pritz. 305;<br />
Jacks. 201.<br />
Stewart, Archibald (fl. 1699). Surgeon. Sent ferns from<br />
Darien to Petiver (Mus. Pet. n. 52 ;<br />
Hb. Sloane, 157).<br />
(To be continued.)
<strong>31</strong>5<br />
SHORT NOTES.<br />
Ceepis nic^ensis Balb., in Beds.—This species lias occurred in<br />
great abundance during the spring and early summer of this year,<br />
in various parts of South Beds. It appears to have been introduced<br />
with foreign grass seeds, as it has been observed chiefly in<br />
pasture lands that have been recently laid down, whence it has<br />
been distributed to railway banks and occasionally to W'aste ground.<br />
It was first noticed in May, when walking through a field, its<br />
rosette of leaves and immature inflorescence arresting one's attention,<br />
as being unlike anything one had observed before. Not being<br />
able to make it agree with any species of Crepis in Hooker's<br />
' Student's Flora,' specimens were sent to Mr. Baker, named<br />
doubtfully as C. biennis, but that gentleman expressed the opinion<br />
that it was C. incacnsis Balb. Subsequently it was noticed in<br />
many fields, in the parishes of Leagrave, Toddington, Stopsley,<br />
and Totternhoe. Mr. C. Crouch also found it in several places<br />
near Pullox Hill. James Saunders.<br />
Brachypodiuji pixnatuji in Bucks. — Specimens of this plant<br />
have been sent me by Mrs. John Tindall, of Leighton, who found<br />
them in a field between the Soulbury Road and Linslade, at the<br />
back of a farm house on the Liscombe estate. This is not<br />
recorded for Bucks in the 2nd ed. of Watson's ' Topographical<br />
Botany.' James Saunders.<br />
Hypnum circinale.—In his note on Hijpnum circinale (p. 238),<br />
Mr. McArdle is puzzled to know why I take it for any form of H.<br />
hamuLomm . He must surely have misunderstood M. Cardot's note,<br />
for I quite agreed with that eminent bryologist, that the moss<br />
named by Moore H. hamidosum did not belong to that species, but<br />
very probably was H. circinale, as M. Cardot supposed. It is quite<br />
as probable that it is Stereodon c(m(ine7isis Mitt., with which I had<br />
not at the time an opportunity to compare it ; but I am very much<br />
puzzled to understand how Mr. McArdle can refer Stereodon<br />
canariensis Mitt., which had no existence as a botanical species<br />
before Nov. 6th, 1863 (Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. viii. 5) to Lencodon<br />
canariensis (Brid.) Schwaeg., seeing that the Dilleniau figure he<br />
quotes represents even a larger plant than the adjoining figure 40,<br />
our great Ilijloconiium loreion. The geographical distribution<br />
of some of the species mentioned is also not particularly remarkable,<br />
and Cawpylopus introjlexus is widely distributed throughout<br />
the whole world, between the Alps in the north and Tasmania in<br />
the southern hemisphere.—R. l^RAiTinvAriE.<br />
Helianthemum guttatum in Anglesea. — With llelianthemnm<br />
which was abundant over a limited area near Holyhead, I<br />
Brewcri ,<br />
gathered two or three specimens of 11. (juttatuni Mill. The specimens<br />
were more luxuriant than Dreueri, and were quite cbractcate ;<br />
the leaves were somewhat broader than those on my Jersey plants.<br />
Mr. J. G. Baker says he shoulil consider it typical //. (juttatuni.—<br />
G. C. Druce.<br />
Trientalis europ^a in Foula.—During a brief visit to Foula,<br />
one of the most remote of the Shetland Islands, I noticed Trientalis
<strong>31</strong>6 NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
europiea. This has hitherto been recorded from only one locality in<br />
Shetland,—in Unst. As there are no trees on the island, the<br />
stems of Ilmnex obtusifolkts and R. crisjms are carefully dried by the<br />
natives and woven into small baskets or creels, chiefly used for<br />
carrying fish.—E. M. Bakrington.<br />
DiANTHus c^sius Sm.—An earlier name for this plant is D.<br />
Graliiinopolitanus Villars (' Hist, des Plantes de Dauphine,' iii. 598<br />
(1789). This is pointed out by Verlot, ' Plantes Vasculaires du<br />
Dauphine,' p. 51 (1872)<br />
; and Villars' name is also cited for the<br />
species by Nyman, although he retains Smith's name, published<br />
July 1st, 1792, according to the date on the 'English Botany' plate<br />
accompanying his original description. Frederic N. Williams.<br />
Flora of Somerset. — The Rev. E. P. Murray will publish a<br />
new Flora of this county in the ' Proceedings of the Somerset<br />
Natural History and Archaeological Society,' and hopes to issue the<br />
first part in the autumn of next year. He will be glad to receive<br />
any help in his work : address—Eev. E. P. Murray, Shapwick<br />
Vicarage, Blaudford.<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
Through the Fields icith Linnceiis; a Chapter in Sivedish History.<br />
By Mrs. Florence Caddy. 2 vols. 8vo, pp. 347, 376. London<br />
Longmans, Green & Co. 1887.<br />
The Floral King: a Life of LinncEUs. By Albert Alberg. 8vo,<br />
W. H. Allen & Co. 1888.<br />
pp. 244. London :<br />
These biographies of Linnaeus should have been noticed earlier<br />
in these pages. They are both popular works, having each excellencies<br />
in their own way, and also defects. Mrs. Caddy, to prepare herself<br />
for her work, made a diligent pilgrimage to the districts familiar to<br />
Linnaeus in the different periods of his life. Possessed of a lively<br />
imagination, she has supplied many gaps in the story, has put into<br />
the mouths of Linnaeus and his friends interesting speeches, and<br />
has indeed treated the whole subject as a novel, with Linnaeus as<br />
the hero.<br />
Eosen, his<br />
The struggles of his early life, his tragic quarrel with<br />
courtship of his future wife, and many other familiar<br />
incidents in the life of the illustrious Swede, supply congenial topics<br />
for Mrs. Caddy's facile pen. The following extract dealing with a<br />
subject strange to our pages may interest our readers, and illustrate<br />
:<br />
Mrs. Caddy's methods<br />
" Falun had materially altered in its aspect for Linnaeus since<br />
he had been absent. Sara Elizabeth, the elder of the two handsome<br />
daughters of Dr. Morbus, had come from Sveden, her father's<br />
country seat at some distance from Falun, and she, like the rest of<br />
the world in the Dalecarlian capital, was curious to see the<br />
interesting traveller who had recently returned successful at the<br />
head of an adventurous band of explorers. In fancy I can see their<br />
introduction to each other ; they first shook hands, then she bobbed<br />
a curtsey, and he lifted off his hat. This is the order of the usual
NOTICES OP BOOKS. <strong>31</strong>7<br />
salutation in Sweden, The little girls and young women always<br />
dip a curtsey to every one in the company ; even the youngest boys<br />
never omit to take off their hats separately to each person. ' I was<br />
struck when I first saw her,' writes Liunsus to his friend Haller,<br />
' and felt my heart assailed by new sensations and anxieties.<br />
Nature is nature wherever you find it,' whether in the land of<br />
Komeo or Linnteus. Elizabeth, too, seems at once to have felt the<br />
strange power of eyes made to discover truth ; and here was a truth<br />
entirely new to him—that the charm of a beautiful maiden is the<br />
most exquisite thing in the world. He who had counselled the<br />
young men, his companions, to keep their heads free of love<br />
was science all-sufficient for him now?" But we must stop,<br />
and refer our readers to the work to read the graphic account of<br />
the stormy course of true love in the conduct of the stern father,<br />
the hard terms, and so on. Mrs. Caddy has certainly made<br />
a most readable book. The incidents of her journeyings and the<br />
events of last century are sometimes curiously interwoven, but, as<br />
becomes the authoress of such a work, she is devoted to her hero,<br />
and she makes him live to her readers.<br />
Mr. Alberg's volume derives its chief value from his being able<br />
to incorporate in it and to give for the first time in English dress<br />
some of the results of the Linnean studies of the lamented Ahrling.<br />
Mr. Alberg's style is somewhat flowery, and he writes English as<br />
if it were his mother-tongue. As a specimen of the work, the<br />
paragraph narrating the birth of Linnjeus may entertain our<br />
readers:— "At last spring returned, and what joy did it bring to<br />
her yearniug heart ; for not only is spring in Sweden the most<br />
beautiful season of the year, when nature in a few days wakes from<br />
wintry sleep from under the snowy cover, and the soil gratefully<br />
absorbs the remaining snow to fertilize the earth, whole masses of<br />
ice, dissolving into water, hasten away in merry little rills, as if<br />
afraid of being hid in the earth, and rush to swell the tributaries of<br />
the many rivers, which all make for the cool, clear sea ; and when<br />
every twig and pond is covered with eager-budding leaflets, kissed<br />
to life by spring, and inquisitive to look abroad—at this delightful<br />
season, when all nature rejoices at the spring-time of our existence,<br />
'just when the cuckoo w'ith mystic notes heralded the advent of the<br />
floral season,' the curate and his young wife, on the 18th of May.<br />
the old Gregorian style, anno 1707, were supremely blest by the<br />
seasonable advent of a young cherub, for to them was that day born<br />
a son and heir, and alighting upon earth, as he did, in the joyous,<br />
verdant spring, in such a happy floral home, it seemed as if the<br />
pretty little flowers of the curate's garden had enticed him there<br />
from the first to become their playmate, and subsequently to become<br />
their most ardent lover."<br />
Mr. Alberg is equally fluent in dealing with his own English<br />
and Ahrling's Swedish, but when he prints Latin words or quotations,<br />
and specially when he tries to translate from the Latin, he is<br />
singularly unfortunate, and a Greek word which he tries to repi-oduce<br />
pi'esents a liopeless stumbling-block : no one would rrcogiiize<br />
Jiauhin's niNAH in "I3auhinus's K.l. L'.A.E." On one opening of
<strong>31</strong>8 NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
the book (pp. 132, 133) we fiud the following renderings of one<br />
word : Pchujica, plclaica, and PeUnjicia. As a specimen of Latin<br />
translation we may give the rendering of this sentence from the<br />
' Hortus Cliffortianus ' :—<br />
" Nomen obtinuit ab illustriss. Hans<br />
Sloane, Preside Societatis Kegi® Anglicauae, cui fere soli debetur<br />
notitia plantarum jamaicensium et plurium americanarum." Mr.<br />
Alberg introduces his rendering thus :— " But when Linn^us in<br />
Rort. Cliff, records the species Sloane, he remarks, ' This name<br />
holds its place amongst the illustrious. To Hans Sloane, President<br />
of the Royal British Society, is owing nearly all our knowledge of<br />
Japanese also of many American plants.' " We will add a single<br />
sentence from the account of the journey to Lapland in Prof.<br />
Alberg's "own quaint, peculiar style," which we leave as a puzzle<br />
with our readers. Linnfeus says :— " I have seen solemn inoccidum<br />
in the coldest winter." W. Cakrutheks.<br />
Timbers, and hoiv to know them. By Dr. Eobert Haktig. Translated<br />
from the third German edition, by William Somerville,<br />
D.CE., B.Sc, F.R.S.E. Edinburgh : David Douglas. 1890.<br />
8vo. 22 Cuts.<br />
As stated in the first line of the preface of this little book,<br />
" The want has often been felt in this country of a work, in handy<br />
form and at a low price, which would enable one with ease and<br />
certainty to identify timbers, and at the same time give a concise<br />
account of their composition, qualities, and structure." With this<br />
we heartily agree, and welcome Dr. Hartig's efforts as a small<br />
contribution to this end. Whether it will go far in helping seekers of<br />
knowledge in this direction is doubtful, as each wood referred to is<br />
dismissed with remarkable brevity, only a few lines, indeed, being<br />
given in most cases ; more details, both as to microscopical structure<br />
and to the general appearance of the woods as to colour, shade, and<br />
markings, both in longitudinal and cross sections, are needed to<br />
make such a book really useful, and, if carefully carried out, would<br />
be invaluable to a forester. Such descriptions of the woods, indeed,<br />
might well be added to those of the plants in any Forest Flora.<br />
Thus, for instance, in Gamble's ' Manual of Indian Timbers,' and<br />
Brandis's ' Forest Flora of North-west and Central India,' we have<br />
the material for a fairly complete book on Indian timber trees.<br />
American woods have been treated in a similar way by Prof. Sargent,<br />
but the scattered material of such books requires bringing together<br />
and enlarging to make it more generally useful. The study of woods,<br />
their structufe and capabilities, are occupying much more attention<br />
now than they hitherto have done, owing to the extension of Forest<br />
Schools, and the subject being taken up as a special study; therefore,<br />
a really good book, on the lines of the one under consideration,<br />
would be most valuable.<br />
The title of Dr. Hartig's little volume is somewhat pretentious,<br />
if not misleading, for a large portion of the plants mentioned are<br />
not timber trees at all, as, for instance, the vine, barberry, buckthorn,<br />
&c. ; and it requires a great stretch of the imagination to
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS. <strong>31</strong>9<br />
consider the rose a timber tree, though on p. 44 we find, •' Rosa,<br />
Tree Eose," with tlie information that " Tiie ' Ilosewood ' of commerce<br />
is got from various, especially Asiatic, species of trees."<br />
Now the commercial rosewoods are all obtained from Brazil and<br />
Central America, and are furnished, so far as our present knowledge<br />
goes, by one or more species of Dalbenjia. J. R. J.<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
Annals of Botan;/ (Sept.). — F. W. Oliver, ' Sarcodes samjuinea<br />
Torr.' (5 plates).— H. N. Ridley, ' Method of fertihsation in Balbophylluni<br />
viacranthum and allied Orchids' (1 plate: B. striateUtun,<br />
sp. n.). — ' M. M. Hartog, A Monadine parasitic on Saprolegniere '<br />
[Pseudospora ? Lindstedtii, sp. n. : 1 plate).—F. 0. Bower, 'On anti-<br />
thetic as distinct from homologous Alternation of Generations in<br />
Plants.' — J. R. Vaizey, 'Alternation of Generations in Green<br />
Plants.' — G. C. Druce, ' Spenjula pentandm as an Irish plant.'*<br />
— J. R. Green, ' Changes in endospermum of Richms during<br />
germination.'<br />
But. Centralhlatt (Nos. 36-38). — K. Leist, ' Beitrage zur vergleichenden<br />
Anatomic der Saxifrageen.' — (No. 39). A. Hansgirg,<br />
' Ueber die Verbreitung der reizbaren Staubfiiden und Narben,<br />
sowie der sich periodsch oder bios einmal offnendeu und schliessendeu<br />
Bliiten.'<br />
Botanical Gazette (Aug. 25). — C. Warnstorf, ' North American<br />
Sphat/na.'— C. Robertson, 'Flowers and Insects.' — K. E. Golden,<br />
' Fermentation of Bread.'<br />
Butanhka Xotiser (haft 4). — A. Berg, ' Lichenologiska antockningar.'<br />
— H. Samzelius, ' Vegetationsiakttagelser inom Pajala<br />
socken af Norrbottens Ian.'<br />
Botanische Zeitunrj (Aug. 29).—G. Klebs, ' Einige Bemerkungen<br />
iiber die Arbeit von Went ' Die Entstehung der Vacuolen in den<br />
Fortpflanzungszellen der Algcu.'— (Sept. 5). E. Loew, ' Ueber die<br />
Metamorphose vegetativer Sprossanlagen in Bliithcn bei Viscum<br />
album.'<br />
Bull. Soc. Bot. France (xxxvii. : Comptes rendus 3 : Sept. 1).<br />
D. Clos, 'Philhjrca, Fhillirea, Vhibjrea.' — Id., ' Repartition en<br />
France des C'nittq/u.s monogtina et oxijcanthoides.' — A. Battandier,<br />
'Aristide Horace Lctourncux ' (1820-1890). — H. de Vilmorin,<br />
• Conservation du Mellianui MelauDxylon.' — W. Russell, ' Sur les<br />
faisceaux corticaux do qnelques Genista.' — E. Aubert, ' Sur les<br />
acidos organiques chez les plantes grasses.' — M. Miegeville, ' Sur<br />
quelques plantes des Pyrenees.' — E. Bornet, Faucheni iiiicrospnnt,<br />
sp. n., & Zostcrucarpus (Kduijoninni, gen. n. (1 plate).—P. Duchartre,<br />
' Fleurs monstrueuses de ('aitlrija.''— H. Luveillee, 'Action dc I'eau<br />
sur les mouvcments do la sensitive.' — E. G. Camus, Formes de<br />
Primula. — H. Dcvaux, ' Ein'acincuicnt des bulbes et gootropisme.'<br />
E. Jauczcwski, ' Sur I'autonomie spccifiquc de V Anemone vicntcnhi.'<br />
• See p. 302.
320 OBITUAEY.<br />
Gardeners Chronicle (Aug. 30). — Nepenthes stenophylla Mast.,<br />
sp. n.— (Sept. 6). H. Frieud, ' Fungus on Herb Paris ' (fig. 45).<br />
(Sept. 13). E. Bonavia, ' Fertilisation without Pollen.' —(Sept. 20).<br />
Masdevallia fulvescens Eolfe, n. sp. (fig. 65).<br />
Journal de Botanique (Aug. 1). — C. Sauvageau, ' Sur la feuille<br />
des Hydrocliaridees marines.' . Hue, ' Lichens de Canisy et<br />
des environs.'<br />
Oesterr. Bat. Zeitschrift. (Sept.).— H. Zukal, ' Rjiii/loea hactro-<br />
spora' (1 plate).—E. Heiuricher, ' Bluthen vom Symjdii/tum officinale<br />
mit einer ausseren Nebenkrone.'— L. Simonkai, Trifolium perpusillum,<br />
Sedum deserti-himgarici, spp. nn.<br />
OBITUARY.<br />
The name of Lydia Ernestine Becker is chiefly known in<br />
connection with the "Women's Suffrage" movement, audit may<br />
surprise some to find that she had any claim to notice in these<br />
pages. But at one time of her life she paid much attention to<br />
Botany, in which indeed she always retained her interest. She<br />
was born in Cooper Street, Manchester, on February 24th, 1827.<br />
When about eleven years old her family removed to Altham, near<br />
Accrington, where the greater part of her life was spent, and where<br />
her love for flowers developed. She gave lectures on Botany in<br />
girls' schools, and in 1864 published under her initials a little<br />
introductory book entitled ' Botany for Novices.' It was while at<br />
Accrington that she was struck with the remarkable appearance of<br />
some flowers of Lychnis diurna attacked by a parasitic fungus, and<br />
on this she read a paper before the British Association in 1869, a<br />
summary of which will be found in this Journal for that year,<br />
p. 291.<br />
Her political career need not be referred to here ; but it may be<br />
noted that those who knew her bear warm testimony to the care<br />
and afl'ection with which her domestic duties were discharged, and<br />
to the womanliness of her character. Their testimony, indeed,<br />
runs counter to the popular conception of the prominent advocate<br />
of " Women's Sufirage." Sketches of her life and character wall<br />
be found in the ' Women's Suffrage Journal ' for August last,—<br />
periodical which she established more than twenty years ago and<br />
has conducted throughout, and which ends with her life.<br />
In June, Miss Becker went to Aix-les-Bains for the benefit of<br />
her health. She derived much benefit from the change, and proceeded<br />
to St. Gervais-les-Bains in July. Here, however, she<br />
became worse ; she with difficulty proceeded to Geneva, and died<br />
witliin a few hours of her arrival on the 18tli of July. She was<br />
buried on the 21st in the cemetery of St. George, at Geneva. A<br />
portrait of Miss Becker was painted five or six years ago by Miss<br />
S. J. Dacre, which it is hoped may be secured for the National<br />
Portrait Gallery.
R Morgan del etlitVi.<br />
Potamogeton crassifblius.<br />
West.'Newman, imp<br />
Talo 299.
821<br />
ON A NEW HYBRID POTAMOGETON OF THE<br />
FLUITANS GROUP.<br />
By Alfked Fkyer.<br />
(Plate 2Q9.)<br />
Potamogeton crassifolius milii = P. Zizii x P. natmis.—<br />
Rootstuck with thick stolons, rooting deeply in the soil ; stem 4-5 ft.<br />
long, very stout, round, simple below, branched above with simple<br />
branches ; leaves all stulked, corideeoits, opaque ivhen mature ; lower<br />
leaves reduced to submerged phyllodes, or narrowly lanceolate and<br />
tapering into the petiole, or with a distinct lanceolate lamina, all<br />
thick and coriaceous like the %(p}ier ones ; distant, few in number,<br />
usuallu all decayed by the time of jloweriny ; upper leaves very thick and<br />
fleshy, oblong-elliptical, or oval, with a i^ronnnent fold at the base of<br />
the lamina, which is slightly decurrent, or rarely lanceolate and<br />
gradually narrowed into the stalk; petiole flat above, slightly enlarged<br />
towards the apex, shorter than the lamina ; stipules not winged, not<br />
channelled on the back, but with two conspicuous green ribs, horny<br />
with scarious edges, or herbaceous, acute; lowest sometimes bearing<br />
a short phyllode, or more rarely a long lanceolate ordinary lower<br />
leaf ; peduncles of equal thickness throuyhout, terminal becoming<br />
lateral by growth of the branch, equalling or slightly exceeding the<br />
stem in thickness, 2-3 times as long as the Hower- spike, much<br />
shorter than the subtending leaves ; flower-spike cylindrical, dense,<br />
1-1:^ in. long, usually (always?) barren, perianth-leaves closed at<br />
the time of flowering, but the stigmas exserted ; colour of the whole<br />
plant briykt yreen, or with the young upper leaves sometimes reJdish<br />
or streaked with reddish purple.<br />
Potamoyeton crassifolius differs in its parentage from P. jluitans<br />
Roth, l)eing a hybrid between forms of P. Zizii and /'. nutans,<br />
instead of between P. luccns and P. nutans. It varies slightly<br />
from the type described above, because in different localities it originates<br />
from different forms of [\ Zizii, and because the seed-parent<br />
is sometimes Zizii and sometimes natuns. The type of the species<br />
(figured PL 299) is a very robust plant, growing in deep water, and,<br />
altliough springing from a single rootstock, spreading along the<br />
water for a distance of 10 or 12 yards. In habit and general<br />
appearance it closely resembles a large form of P. Zizii [P. cori((ceus<br />
V. major mihi), which grows in the same drain intermixed with<br />
/'. niitaus, and probably it is coriureus J x natuns 3- . The<br />
upper<br />
floating-loaves of corinceus v. major and crassifolius so closely resemble<br />
one another in some specimens that the plants are with difficulty<br />
separable, except by examination of the widely different lower<br />
leaves. In the Rlepal Engine Drain, where three separate stations<br />
have been found, /'. crussilolius is always accompanied by P. Zizii,<br />
and I have met witli it in no locality where that species does not<br />
exist. In anotlier locality,—at Westmoor, in the parish of Doddujgton,—some<br />
miles distant from tlie Mcpal station, no doubt<br />
ab(jut its parentage is possible, as only P. Zizii and I', nutans are<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28. [November, 1890.] y
322 ON A NEW HYBRID POTAMOaETON OF TIIS FLUITANS GROUP.<br />
able to flower in the sliallow ditcli in which it grows. This ditch<br />
has been carefully examined for water-plants by me for some years<br />
past, but no Jliiitaus-iorms were detected until the present season,<br />
when I was surprised at finding numerous young plants, apparently<br />
seedlings in their second year. As I at once saw by the thickly<br />
coriaceous lower leaves that these young plants belonged to 1'.<br />
crdssifulius, I carefully examined the vegetation of the whole ditch,<br />
which then contained water only two or three inches deep along its<br />
whole course. At the upper end a single patch of P. natuns grew<br />
with here and there a plant of P. plantdi/ineiis, but neither of these<br />
species was in flower, nor pushing up flower-spikes. About fifty<br />
yards lower down the ditch 1'. Zizil became very abundant and<br />
flowered freely, and amongst this species I found a single plant of<br />
P. natans, which had spread out into a small patch, showing it had<br />
occupied that station for some three or four years : immediately<br />
below this, and for the distance of 00 or 70 yards, single young<br />
plants of P/crassifolkts grew ; they were not scattered irregularly<br />
over the bottom of the ditch, but grew on one side of it, just where<br />
the flow of the water would carry the seeds when the drainage-mill<br />
was at work. Now this ditch for some years has been completely<br />
isolated from the main drain, into which it flows, except by a<br />
narrow tunnel at the end of the ditch, through which no fragments<br />
of plants or seeds could easily pass. No plants of crassifolius were<br />
found at this lower end of the ditch, so it was evident that they<br />
had not been introduced from the main drain. At this lower end<br />
a few dwarf plants of P. luccns were growing, but the water was too<br />
shallow, and had been for some years, to allow them to flower<br />
besides, the plants oi crassifolius did not grow near the lucens plants,<br />
and there is no upward flowing of the water to have carried their<br />
seeds to where the plants of crassifolius grew, even if they had been<br />
able to flower.<br />
I have been thus minute in describing this locality, because it<br />
affords one of the strongest proofs of natural hybridity in Potamogetons<br />
that it is possible to meet with. So thoroughly had this<br />
particular ditch been examined by me for some years past that I<br />
can safely affirm that these seedUngs did not exist before the<br />
summer of last year, when they would naturally be too small to<br />
attract attention.<br />
Hitherto I had found it difficult to understand how a whole spike<br />
of flowers could become fertilised by the pollen of another species of<br />
Potam
ON A NEW nynRiD totamogeton of the fluitans group. 323<br />
species being brought into actual contact with it by the force of<br />
winds or the movements of aquatic animals.<br />
As far as I have been able to observe, the anthers and stigmas of<br />
Potamogetons sometimes ripen together, and sometimes one or the<br />
other ripens first, or the stigmas in succession. Here, then, we<br />
have a clue to the irregular fertilisation of the spikes in this<br />
genus, and an explanation of how a spilie of ripe pollen of one plant<br />
accidentally dashed against the receptive spike of another plant<br />
in which the pollen was immature might fertilise every ovule. By<br />
actual experiment I have seen how easily this might be done ; and<br />
whoever has watched the movements of a water-rat will readily<br />
understand how contiguous spikes may be brought into contact<br />
with sufficient force to dust every stigma with pollen.<br />
In this Westmoor variety of P. crassi/oliiis the upper floatingleaves<br />
are narrowly oblong-lanceolate, and make a decided approach<br />
to those of narrow-leaved forms of P. natans, and, although they<br />
have no discoloured joint, they often bend back like those oindtnas.<br />
This variety grows freely under cultivation, but has shown no signs<br />
of flowering as yet.<br />
One other form of P. crassifoHtut deserves mention, because it<br />
shows some indications of partial fertility, as the drupelets swell to<br />
some extent, and do not decay like those of P. decipieiis and other<br />
infertile hybrids. These immature drupelets were gathered too young<br />
to afford any specific characters ; they may be roughly described as<br />
oval-oblong with compressed sides, bluntly keeled on the back, with<br />
a turgid beak broad in proportion to the rest of the fruit. All<br />
these characters, however, may have little permanence, and be<br />
merely the characters of immaturity. The upper floating-leaves of<br />
this variety are orbicular-ovate, and somewhat ribbed on the under<br />
surface, like those of natann. The young growth is that of typical<br />
crassifolms.<br />
Besides in its parentage, P. crassifolius differs from P. fluitans<br />
Eoth in the following respects :—The mature lower leaves are<br />
opaque and coriaceous like the upper ones ; in many instances they<br />
are not at all membranous even in the earliest stages, but are<br />
leathery in texture from the first; they are usually all decayed by<br />
the time the plant is in flower, and the whole plant decays by the<br />
end of August, at which time P.jluit'ms is in full growth. Although<br />
the whole mass of foliage floats near the surface at the time of<br />
flowering, even the uppermost floating-leaves are partly submerged,<br />
like those of P. corincens, none growing so fully exposed to the air<br />
as those of fluitans and natans. The upper leaves are more dis-<br />
tinctly auricled at the base, and are more abruptly narrowed into<br />
the petiole, and the lamina is oval and bluntly mucronate, instead<br />
of lanceolate or elliptical and acuminate. The petiole is flat above,<br />
not conspicuously convex as in fluitans. And lastly, the stipules<br />
are flat on the Imck instead of Ijcing deeply grooved, and are "fibroscarious,"<br />
and soon decaying like those of natans.<br />
I have seen no plant in any herbarium which I can refer to<br />
P. crassijuliiis, so at present I can only record it from the parishes<br />
y2
824 ON A NEW HYBRID POTAMOGETON OF THE FLUITANS GROUP.<br />
of Mepal, Chatteris, and Doddingtou, all in District 7 of Cambridge-<br />
shire, Co. 2U.<br />
By the great liberality of Dr. Gustaf Tisehus, of Stockholm,<br />
and of Mr. Charles Bailey, of Manchester, who have kindly lent me<br />
two valuable sets of continental '' F. flaitans," I have been able not<br />
only to compare my series of British ///f/«^n)s-forms with those of<br />
other comitries, but to obtain a fair notion of what botanists<br />
generally mean by " P. Jluitans:' Amongst the plants sent to me<br />
the majority seems to be formed of hybrids of P. 7uUaiis crossed with<br />
r. liicens, or in some instances, perhaps, with P. pohjgomfoUm.<br />
Of the small minority of more doubtful fiuitans-ioxm^, one, P.<br />
Illhwensis Morong, belongs to the Zizii section of P. lucens, and the<br />
others are freely fruiting plants, which seem to me specifically<br />
distinct from the rest of the group, and which would be more<br />
naturally placed between P. nutans and P. pi>li/fj
ox A NEW HYBRID POTAMOGETON OF THE FLUITANS GROUP. 325<br />
* Icones,' f. 88. But by also adiiiittin sncli a plant a P. I/linonisis<br />
Morong as equal to P. jhiitans Roth, it is evident that in this instance<br />
be takes an extremely wide view of the term " species," since P.<br />
llUnoensis is a form which might very well pass for a variety of P.<br />
conacens.<br />
After having carefully compared the very beautiful and complete<br />
specimens from the Neckar, in Dr. Tiselius' herbarium, with<br />
a fine series of Swedish and British forms (which exactly agree with<br />
the description of Koth and the figure of Reichenbach), I am unable<br />
to regard them as belonging to the same species. If we are to<br />
admit such forms as the Neckar plant and P. Illinoeiisis of Morong<br />
to hejluitans-iorms, then we ought also to include in the same group<br />
such plants as P. coriaceiis and the large deep-water forms of P.<br />
poli/noni/ulius, a length which few botanists would feel disposed to go.<br />
How far Dr. Tiselius and I agree about the true nature of<br />
P.fiuitiina, as figured in the ' Icones,' may be seen by the following<br />
extract fiom a recent letter, which I have his kind permission to<br />
publish:— "In the case of P. flnitans Roth, it has sometimes<br />
occurred to me that P. jiuitans might be P. natans x P. lucem, but<br />
the remarkable thing about that hybrid would then be that it is<br />
never difficult to distinguish it from its parents as are the hybrids<br />
of nilem, of f/ram incus, Sec. In this country the plant is no longer<br />
foimd gi'owing in but one place, /. e., Wallstanus, where I recently<br />
found it. How did it come thither '? Possibly brought by birds ?<br />
Certainly both vatans and Incens grow there, but no form oijiuitims<br />
can be taken for natans or luccns. In this country jiuitans is not found<br />
with fruit, but, as you have probably noticed, I did find it with<br />
fruit, somewhat developed, in the Neckar, and believe I know the<br />
plant well. In the localities where it was formerly found in this<br />
country it has died out for the past fifty years ; I can take young<br />
wild specimens, in every respect similar to the cultivated ones you<br />
were so good as to send me, in abundance at Wallstanas. It is a<br />
remarkable plant which, it seems to me, must be looked at as a<br />
species, in the sense that, as you remark, many a plant now considered<br />
as being a species was originally an hybrid, and that in<br />
process of time hybrids can produce fertile plants. Our cold climate<br />
and water may be the reason that the leaves rot away before any<br />
fruits have time to grow. The spikes seldom i-ear themselves above<br />
the water, because here at WallstaniLs the plant is drawn down by<br />
running water, but that is no proof that the plant cannot produce<br />
ripe fruit, since fertilisation can go on under water, as, for instance,<br />
in the case of /'. uiannus, which, in this country, never rears itself<br />
above the water, but nevertheless produces abundance of ripe<br />
fruits" (Dr. Gustaf Tiselius in lilt. July 1 Ith, IHUU). Taking the<br />
plant of the 'Icones ' as the type of P. jluitan.s Roth, I would place<br />
under it the Swedish plant from Wallstanas and the British plants<br />
gathered by Mr. W. II. J5eeby in Sussex (iScSO) and in Surrey<br />
(I88(jj, and those gathered by myself in Huntingdonshire (1881)<br />
and in Cambridgesliire (1885). This form is also found in many<br />
continental localities, as far as one can jii
32G THREE NEW LASTREAS FROM ASSAM.<br />
The most nearly-allied form to the above is my newly-proposed<br />
species P. crassifuUiis, which has already been sufficiently discussed.<br />
Then as true ftuitans-iovxn'i, i. e., as probable hybrids with<br />
nntam as one parent, I would place certain continental forms which<br />
present a strong resemblance to deep-water states of P. pohjgoni-<br />
foiius. I can give no detailed account of these in the present place,<br />
as this note is already far too long, but I will remark that P. variifolius<br />
Thore may possibly come under this division of the group.<br />
If continental botanists would carefully examine the waters where<br />
Jlaitans-iovms grow I tliink they would soon be able to detect the<br />
origin of any supposed hybrids between natans and pob/f/onifolius.<br />
Herbarium specimens may serve to suggest such an origin, but the<br />
question can only be solved by careful study of the living plants<br />
and the conditions under which they grow.<br />
It is with diffidence that I venture to suggest that further<br />
evidence is required before tlie Neckar plant can be safely admitted<br />
to be a, Jluitans-fonn at all; judging from the dried specimens of<br />
fruits and foliage I have seen of ''imitiugjluitans," I think it is<br />
probable that we have in these plants one or more good species<br />
whose true position would be between natans and itohjtfonifoUas, and<br />
which probably are not hybrids at all.<br />
Explanation of Plate. — 1. Upper leaves and flowering spike. 2. Lower<br />
leaves ; a, phyllode. 3. Detached stipule bearing a leaf.<br />
THREE NEW LASTREAS FROM ASSAM.<br />
By C. W. Hope.<br />
Nephrodium (Lastkea) assamense, n. sp. — Caiidex erect<br />
stipes closely tufted, 8-15 in. long, densely clothed at base with<br />
linear acuminate blackish or brown scales, and furnished above, as<br />
are the rachises, with few or many broad-based long narrow hair-<br />
pointed dark brown scales ; fronds lanceolate or subdeltoid, 9-15 in.<br />
long, 5-7 in. broad, bipinnatifid or bipiunate towards base of pinna,<br />
towards apex suddenly diminishing in width, lowest pair of pinnae<br />
sometimes nearly as long as next pair, major pinnje distant 4-6<br />
pairs pinnae patent or much inclined upwards, lanceolate, acumi-<br />
;<br />
nate, sometimes broadest at base, but there sometimes much<br />
narrowed, lowest hardly ever at all unequal-sided, and hardly more<br />
compound than others, pinnatifid to a winged rachis into oblong<br />
subspatulate segments ^1^ in. long by ^-f in. wide, somewhat cut<br />
away on upper side and decurrent on rachis on lower side, bluntly<br />
rounded and sharply toothed at point, rarely slightly pinnatifid at<br />
base in largest specimens ; segments subentire, with teeth on both sides<br />
or distinctly lobcd, one lobe to each group of veins with a sharp<br />
sometimes double tooth ; texture herbaceous, both surfaces glabrous ;<br />
veins, except costa, rarely visible on upper side, but all very distinct<br />
against the light, forked or pinnate in the lobes, bipiunate in lowest<br />
lobes, all terminatiug within the margin, fertile veinluts often much
THREK NEW LASTREAS FROM ASSAM. 327<br />
the shortest ; aori one to each group of veins on lowest veinlet near<br />
the costa, which veinlet in fertile lobes points to the sinus, but often<br />
stops considerably short of it or is obscure beyond the sorus, but in<br />
barren lobes may be prolonged like the others, or rarely 2-3 in<br />
lowest pair of lobes : involucres entire, persistent.<br />
Collected by Mr. Gustav Mann, Conservator of Forests, Assam,<br />
in Assam—in Bor Bhil, Upper Dehing Forest, Lakhimpur, April,<br />
1887; in the Garo Hills, at 1000 ft. elevation, "on wet rocks! " in<br />
April, 1888, and November, 1889 ; and in the Nambar Forest, in<br />
January, 1888. Appearance, when pressed, somewhat like that of<br />
Asplcnium {Athijriitm) niijripes Mett.<br />
Nephrodium (La.strea) subtriangulare, n. sp. — Cawiex<br />
erect, densely clothed with linear chestnut scales ; stipes tufted,<br />
wiry, as long as or longer than frond, round below and slightly<br />
channelled above, as is also the main rachis, clothed at base with<br />
dark brown linear lanceolate scales longer than those on caudex,<br />
sparser and paler upwards ; main and secondary raclnses slightly<br />
squamifeious, secondary rachises grooved above and on sides, round<br />
below; frond 14 in. long by 10 in. broad, very broadly lanceolateacuminate,<br />
bipinnate ; pinme opposite at base of frond, gradually<br />
becoming alternate upwards, 8-10 pairs free, lanceolate-acuminate,<br />
falcate, all unequal-sided, and all except lowest pair very slightly<br />
narrowed at base ; lowest inferior pinnules on lowest pinnae very<br />
much shorter than next three or four pifinnles numerous, lower,<br />
;<br />
subsessile, with slightly winged stalks, upper,— sessile, gradually<br />
becoming decurrent on rachis, and towards apex confluent : /linnules<br />
lanceolate, falcate, rather blunt-pointed, the entire apex slightly<br />
toothed ; lobes or see/ments inclosing groups of veins increasingly<br />
distinct towards base of pinnule till the dividing sinus sometimes<br />
nearly reaches costa, usually with only one tooth corresponding to<br />
uppermost veinlet of group, and that pointing upwards and sometimes<br />
inwards to next lobe above, so as to lie within general outline<br />
of jnnnules ; texture herbaceous, surfaces glabrous ; nuns invisible<br />
above, except cost;e, not raised beneath, pinnate or rarely bipinnate<br />
in lobes, and terzninating within the margin ;<br />
sori—on upper pinnsB<br />
nniserial, near the costa on inner veinlet of each group of veins,<br />
on lower pinna3 becoming more copious, and borne on both sides of<br />
main vein of segment; inrolucrrs entire, shrivelling, dark-coloured.<br />
Collected by Mr. Gustav Mann, Conservator of Forests, Assam,<br />
in Assam, at Laukot, southern face of Khasi Hills, HOO ft. elevation,<br />
in September, 188M, and i)i the Jaintea Hills, at 3000 ft. elevation,<br />
in March, 1890. Mr. Mann says the plant ia rather rare, and he<br />
would place it between Xephrodinm [Lastrat) assainrnsc (Hope) and<br />
y. (Lustreii) l''ili.i--vias (Rich.), var. 2 vorntulis (Clarke in Trans.<br />
Linn. Soc, 2nd »Ser., 13ot., vol. i., p. 619). The present species<br />
seems to me, however, quite different from iV. asstnnensc, and it can<br />
be easily distinguished from Clarke's plant by the scales, shape of<br />
frond and cutting of the pinnules, by the veins, and by being<br />
soriferous on all tlie pinnaj. In Clarke's fern, whicii hn^ no allinity<br />
to .V. l''ili.rui(is, and which was previously nanied by Moore, fioni<br />
Utddome'b specimens, LastrcK odontoloiiut, sori are never found on
328 THREE NEW LASTREAS FROM ASSAM.<br />
the lowest pair of pinntB, seldom ou the lower 8-6 pairs, and<br />
are sometimes confined to the upper part of the frond. I have had<br />
difficulty in naming this plant, owing to the absence of any very<br />
striking features, and to there being already a Ncphrodium (Lastrea)<br />
lati/runs Hook, and a Nejfhrodiitm (Sagen.) latifulium Baker.<br />
Nephrodium (Lastrea) coriaceum, n. sp. — Caudex erect<br />
stipes closely tufted, stout, 5-12 in. long, thickly clothed with long<br />
linear hair-pointed dark chestnut scales at and near the base, and<br />
above, together with main rachis, closely covered with minute<br />
raised darli-coloured points, the scars of scales which quickly fall<br />
off; racMses rather densely furnished with dirty-brown hair-like<br />
scales with adpressed ovate bases; frond lanceolate-deltoid, acuminate,<br />
9-15 in. long by 6-10 in. broad, subbipinnate, with 8 or 9<br />
pairs of quite free pinnae, and 20-25 pairs of small sessile falcate<br />
pimife rapidly diminishing to mere lobes in the pinnatifid apex ;<br />
lowest pinme the longest, and at the base widened on the inferior<br />
side by the prolongation of one or more pairs of pinnules ; ;*m?i®<br />
diminishing in width regularly to apex, but lowest pair of pinnules<br />
much longer than next above, and inferior pinnule of that pair<br />
longer and broader than the superior, and more out of proportion<br />
on each successive i^inna towards the base of the frond ; secondary<br />
pinna catadromous, except on lowest pair of pinnae, where they<br />
become anadromous owing to the omission (for want of room) of<br />
lowest inferior pinnules piniKB more and more deeply cut into<br />
;<br />
segments downwards from confluent apex to base until ]>air next<br />
main rachis become quite free, cordate and stalked pinnules ; in<br />
large fronds two pairs of pinynUes on two lowest pairs of pinnse free,<br />
and these disproportionately long, inferior ones being 2-|— 3-|- in.,<br />
and becoming compound at base ; segments of jnnncB broadly falcate,<br />
rounded to a sharp point, and in upper parts of frond and pinna)<br />
usually entire to near the pomt, where they are slightly serrated,<br />
in large fronds pinnules or segments of pinnae crenate on sides,<br />
lowest enlarged ones becoming pinnatifid, like the smaller pinnae<br />
texture very thick, coriaceous, and tough, with lamina sometimes<br />
opaque; colour pale greyish green, upper surface glabrous, costa)<br />
and veins below squamiferous ; veins obscurely traceable above,<br />
slightly raised below, more or less visible against light, forked to<br />
pinnate ; son on inner veinlet of each group of veins, but not<br />
extending to apices of segments, submarginal, and in the enlarged<br />
pinnules of compound fronds appearing to be at sinus between the<br />
lobes, with rarely one more on upper edge of lobes ; involucres^<br />
when not shrivelled, apparently orbicular.<br />
Collected by Mr. Gustav Mann, Conservator of Forests, Assam,<br />
at Kopili Hot Springs, North Cachar Hills, Assam, at 1000 ft.<br />
elevation, February, 1890. Three pairs of mature fronds received,<br />
two of which have one barren and one fertile frond each, the stipes<br />
of the barren fronds being only half to three-quarters as long as<br />
those of the fertile, and the barren fronds bemg less compound.<br />
The ears, or enlarged i^innules, are parallel to the other pinnules,<br />
not deflexed. The plant seems quite unique in its genus, so far as<br />
Indian ferns go, the texture and cutting reminding one of small
IN MEMORY OF MARIANNE NORTH. 829<br />
Pteris aqvilina, tliougli the specific gravity of this fcra must be<br />
much the greater. The upper surface looks ahuost hke embossed<br />
leather. As shown by the scars of fallen scales, the stipe and<br />
rachis when young are very thickly clothed. Mr. Mann says<br />
this is so.<br />
IN MEMORY OF MAEIANNE NOETH.<br />
On the 30th of August last this talented and remarkable woman<br />
was released from suffering and passed away in her beautiful home<br />
at Alderton, in Gloucestershire, whither she had retired to spend<br />
in quiet the all too brief evening of an active and productive life.<br />
Thousands of persons scattered all over the world, who know the<br />
name and work of Marianne North, would doubtless fiiin learn<br />
something more of her to whom we are indebted for so much<br />
enjoyment, in her gallery at Kew, of "paintings of plants and their<br />
homes." It was there, while busily engaged on her work, that I<br />
made the acquaintance of Miss North, and it is of her work and<br />
working that I would specially write. I will first, however, give a<br />
few particulars of her earlier life, taken from a sketch by one of her<br />
friends, which appeared in the ' Queen ' some years ago.<br />
Marianne North was born at Hastings in 1830, and was the<br />
daughter of Mr. Frederick North, of Eougham, in Norfolk, who was<br />
for some time M.P. for Hastings. Her mother was the eldest<br />
daughter of Sir John Majoribanks. Music and painting were her<br />
natural gifts ; and she early developed the great skill in painting<br />
flowers that has rendered her name famous. Frequent travel gave<br />
her opportunities for exercising this talent, until it grew into an<br />
all-absorbing passion. The years 18G5 to 18G7 she spent with her<br />
father, chielly in iSyria and up the Nile, and a series of sketches<br />
made during this period received high praise from competent<br />
judges. Mr. North died in 1869, and thereafter his daughter<br />
devoted her life to painting. In 18G9-70 she travelled and painted<br />
in Sicily ; but, so far as I remember, only one of the paintings<br />
made in that country is in the collection at Kew. It is interesting,<br />
as representing a group of papyrus growing in the Eiver Ciane, the<br />
only locality ni which it is found wild on the European side of the<br />
Mediterranean, where it may possibly have been introduced. In<br />
1871 or 1872 Miss North visited North America and the West<br />
Indies, and painted assiduously, spending more than two months<br />
in solitude in a lonely house amongst the hills of Jamaica. Many<br />
of the paintings made on this journey are in the gallery at Kew,<br />
and I believe they were the first submitted to botanical scrutiny ;<br />
a small selection of them was sent to Sir Joseph Hooker at the<br />
Kew Herbarium. Her next voyage was to Brazd, where she was<br />
received with nuich distinction b}' the Emperor ;<br />
yet she lived the<br />
greater part of the time in a deserted hut in the forest, and her<br />
provisions were taken to lier from a distance of eight miles by a<br />
slave woman, who is commemorated in one of the pauitings at Kew.<br />
On the return journty Miss North called at Tencrille. Then
330 IN MEMORY OF MARIANNE NORTH.<br />
followed a trip round the world, with stoppages for work in California,<br />
Japan, Borneo, Java, Singapore, and Ceylon, and thence<br />
homeward again. The same year she retm-ned to India, visiting<br />
the forests of the Himalayas, the chief places of note on the Ganges,<br />
and Bombay ; and during her absence some five hundred of her<br />
paintings were exhibited at South Kensington.<br />
It Avas after her return from India that she first broached the<br />
idea of presenting her collection to the nation, and arrangements<br />
were made for the erection of a suitable building in Kew Gardens<br />
at her expense. In order to render the collection more nearly<br />
representative of the Flora of the world, Miss North next proceeded<br />
to Australia, Tasmania, and New Zealand, and the fruits of this<br />
long journey are perhaps the finest of the collection, very fully<br />
illustrating the most striking features of the marvellous Australasian<br />
Mora.<br />
In 1881 the gallery was so far advanced that the hanging of the<br />
but this was a long and toilsome<br />
paintings could be taken in hand ;<br />
task. The paintings were so numerous that it was necessary to<br />
hang them close together, and cover the walls from the cornice to<br />
the dado, involving months of labour in adjusting, reducing,<br />
painting odd bits here and there, putting in little accessories,<br />
touching up, and finishing up generally. A catalogue had to be<br />
prepared before openuig the gallery to the public. Miss North had<br />
intended to do this herself, but she foresaw that the interest and<br />
use of the collection might be considerably enhanced by a more<br />
detailed catalogue than she could compile unaided. With this view<br />
she applied to Sir Joseph Hooker, who introduced me to her for<br />
the purpose. I was at once struck by her stately presence and<br />
gentle sympathetic manner, and I soon learnt what a noble generous<br />
nature she possessed. But even at that period travel and incessant<br />
work, and the very trying task of hanging the pictures, fi'om which<br />
she would allow herself no rest, had made serious inroads on her<br />
constitution, and one was too often painfully conscious, especially<br />
in the after part of the day, of an expression of weariness she could<br />
not conceal.<br />
I spent more than three mouths in preparing the first edition of<br />
the catalogue, and duriug the whole of this time Miss North was<br />
there almost daily, supermtending alterations, painting the doors,<br />
the panels ni the upper gallery, or giving me all the information<br />
she could to aid in identifying the plants. Between us at Kew we<br />
succeeded in naming almost every plant, so faithfully were they<br />
painted. The principal difficulty was, while admitting interesting<br />
facts concerning tlicir history, uses, and homes, &c., to keep the<br />
catalogue within reasonable dimensions. However, by dint of<br />
hard work up to the very day, this unique present to the nation<br />
was thrown open to the public on July Olh, 1882. By the end of<br />
July the first edition of the catalogue, an impression of 2U00, was<br />
sold out, and in leifs than a year another edition of 5000 was sold,<br />
— the best evidence that could be had of the popularity of the gift.<br />
This, as I have reason to know, was highly graLitying to Miss<br />
North, for, niuch as she disliked ceremony and empty fiattery, she
IN JIEMOKY OF MARIANNE NORTH. 3<strong>31</strong><br />
was keenly sensitive, and, in Bpitc of her self-reliance and conscious<br />
power, she awaited the verdict of the impartial public with some<br />
anxiety.<br />
No sooner was this work completed than Miss North began to<br />
make arrangements to visit South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius,<br />
and tlie iSeychelles ; but she was unable to carry out the wliole of<br />
this programme in consequence of the long intervals between the<br />
ships sailing, quarantine arrangements, &c. She intended leaving<br />
early in August, but delays arose from various causes, and I believe<br />
it was October before she left.<br />
As a specimen of her letters, I will give one from South Africa,<br />
dated 9th December, 1882, which shows how bravely she was<br />
struggling against breaking health and diminishing strength. It<br />
also testities to the independence of her character, and her hearty<br />
recognition of similar tastes and a love of nature in others, quite<br />
apart from the social position of the person. Pedantry she abhorred,<br />
and she prided herself, I think I may say, on placing, perhaps<br />
somewhat ostentatiously, worth before wealth or station :<br />
" . . . . I am very tired and older every day, but this<br />
country is worth some fatigue to see. AYhat lies people tell about<br />
it ! Over and over again I have been told it is the most wretched<br />
country—no flowers, nothing ! and I find quantities of the most<br />
beautiful things on every side. I have been staying a month here,<br />
though I only thought to stay three days. I have done ten large<br />
pahitmgs and three half-size. I have left eighteen large ones on<br />
the walls at Mrs. Brounger's [at Wynberg, Cape Town.] I came<br />
overland to Port Elizabeth, driving over the desert Karroo, and<br />
even there I found treasures, and saw wonderful effects of mirage<br />
and wild deer and long-legged birds. The railway down to the sea<br />
took me through the most glorious swampy valley of Euphorbias,<br />
prickly pears, and Aloes, with red flowers, often higher than men,<br />
all tangled up in ivy geranium and Plumbago in full flower, and the<br />
lovely wild vine, Cephalandra, with creamy flowers and scarlet<br />
egg-fruit, hanging in the most lovely festoons. And every now and<br />
then we came to groups of Kaflr-huts, and grand people stalking<br />
about in bright red drapery and feathers in their heads, like<br />
Mephistophules on the stage. It was all too wonderful ! A tamo<br />
ostrich, too, walked on to the platform and made faces at the train<br />
at one of the stations. Port Elizabeth is quite a model little<br />
town for neatness and comfort, with the most delicious supply of<br />
water brought thirty miles from the gorge near this. 1 rode up<br />
there one day with a first-rate botanist, Mr. Hallack (also a grocer),<br />
who came over from Saturday till Monday on purpose to take me.<br />
lie is really a charming man, such as are rare in any quarter of the<br />
world, and it was a great treat having a day with hnn. We found<br />
three sorts of ihtrvnja. I have painted four : they are so very<br />
lovely, and said to be parasites. On the very edge of the water-<br />
fall we found quantities of L)i:ia, small but ex(]uisite, growing (like<br />
its grand relative on Table IMountain) with its roots in the running<br />
water ; and blue Aga[)anthus, Zaiuias and I'iiqjliorbias wore<br />
clinging to the rocks above us, with any (juantity of Gladiolus,
832 IN MEMORY OF MARIANNE NORTH.<br />
ferns, and otlier lovely things. We returned over the downs on<br />
the other side of the mountains, and found all the finest Proteas,<br />
most gorgeous, though nearly out of hloom ; also Spara.ria pul.cherrima,<br />
pink hells waving in the wind on nearly invisible stalks.<br />
This house is quite perfect quarters—farm-house and hotel combined—with<br />
the kindest people, who treat one like an old friend.<br />
It is quite solitary, with open flowery country all round, and deep<br />
cracks in the table-land filled with the richest tangled forest. The<br />
sides of these ' kloofs ' are so steep that one hardly sees them till<br />
one reaches the very edge, and they are haunted by huge baboons ;<br />
and a leopard was caught lately a few miles off. I am warned to<br />
be careful; what that means exactly I do not know ! so I only go<br />
as far as my strength allows me. One can but die once ; anyhow,<br />
it does not much matter to me. I leave this on Monday for a few<br />
days amongst the spekbooms [Fortuhicaria afra) and possible<br />
elephants. I then go up the Zuurberg, and on to Grahamstown,<br />
the Catberg, King, Queen, and East Loudon, and again back and<br />
to Knyssa Forest, and hope to get back to the Cape in February to<br />
see the great Visa and summer flowers on the mountain and paint<br />
some landscapes, with the silver forests. It was too cold when I<br />
was there before. After that I shall go straight to Natal. I shall<br />
not be home as soon as I thought, unless I get ill, but shall want<br />
a new room at least to put all the work in."<br />
Miss North succeeded in accomplishing the journeys and the<br />
paintings she alludes to in the foregoing letter, and returned to<br />
England in the spring of 1883, though further enfeebled by an<br />
attack of fever. However, after a few months' comparative repose,<br />
this courageous lady proceeded to the Seychelles, where she painted<br />
the peculiar palms, screw-pines, and other characteristic plants.<br />
In the meantime she had set the builders to work on a new wing to<br />
the gallery at Kew, to receive the new paintings.<br />
I will now pass on to Miss North's last travels,—her journey to<br />
Chili in the autumn of 1884. She had painted the Brazilian<br />
Araucaria in its home, and the Australian Bunya bunya, and she<br />
wished to paint the Chilian Araucaria. In a characteristic letter,<br />
which appeared in the 'Pall Mall Gazette' in March, 1885, she<br />
thus describes her visit :<br />
" Soon after reaching the first Araucarias we found ourselves<br />
surrounded by them, and all other trees gave way to them, though<br />
the ground was still gay with purple peas and orange orchids, and<br />
many tiny flowers, whose names I did not know, and which I had<br />
not time to paint. Such flowers, when picked, die almost directly.<br />
Many hills and the valleys between were covered with old trees,<br />
over some miles of space, and there are few specimens to be found<br />
outside their forest. I saw none over 100 feet high or 20 feet iu<br />
circumference, and, strange to say, they seemed all very old or very<br />
young. I saw none of those noble specimens of middle age we have<br />
in some English parks, with their lower branches resting on the<br />
ground. They had not become flat-topped, like those in Brazil,<br />
but were slightly domed, like those of (^)acensland, and their shiny<br />
leaves glittered in the sunshine, while their trunks and branches
IN MEMORY OF MARIANNE NORTH. 833<br />
were luing with white lichen, and the Latter weighed down with<br />
cones as big as one's head. The smaller cones of the male trees<br />
were shaking off clouds of golden pollen, and were full of small<br />
grubs, which, I suppose, attracted the flights of parroquets I saw<br />
so busily employed about them. These birds are said to be so<br />
clever that they can find a soft place in the great shells of the cone<br />
when ripe, into which they get the point of their sharp beak, and<br />
fidget it until the whole cracks, and the nuts fall to the ground. It<br />
is a food they delight in, and men, too, when properly cooked, like<br />
chestnuts. The most remarkable thing about the trees was the<br />
bark, which was a perfect child's puzzle of knobby slabs of different<br />
sizes, with five or six decided sides to each, and all fitted together<br />
with the neatness of a honeycomb. I tried in vain to find some<br />
system on which it was arranged. The great heads, before the<br />
flowers come out, are wrapped up in covers of white kid tinted with<br />
salmon, getting darker as they fall aside and the lemon buds push<br />
themselves out, and the first flowers which open romid the base of<br />
the spikelet, near the stalk, are of the purest turquoise-blue ; the<br />
new rosette which replaces them is darker, metallic blue, and then<br />
all the others seem to get more and more green and faded the<br />
farther they get from the stalk, with a background of brown bracts<br />
or leaves, the original white kid covers."<br />
On her return from South America in 1885, Miss North at once<br />
commenced hanging the new paintings, which, including those from<br />
South Africa and the Seychelles, are some two hundred in number.<br />
Among the latter was the " Capucin," an imperfectly known<br />
sapotaceous tree, which had been refeiTed by Prof. Hartog to<br />
Mimusopx. The drawing of the fohage and fruit brought by Miss<br />
North, with the flowers, which were subsequently sent at her<br />
request, enabled Sir Joseph Hooker to determine the tree to.be a<br />
new genus, which he appropriately named (Ic. PI. 1173) Northea,<br />
in honour of the artist. Miss North is also commemorated in<br />
Criniim Xorthianum Baker and Xcpenthes Xorthiand Hook, f., the<br />
former of which was described from her drawings,—the highest<br />
compliment which could be paid to their scientific accuracy.<br />
In 188G the Government printed a new catalogue, including the<br />
above additions, and withdrew the large number of unsold copies<br />
of the third edition; they also returned the cheque which Miss<br />
North had actually tendered to buy up the whole stock of this now<br />
obsolete catalogue.<br />
It may be interesting to add here some statistics of the contents<br />
of the gallery. Out of about 200 natural orders of flowering plants,<br />
as limited in Bentham and Hooker's ' Genera Plantarum,' IIG are<br />
represented in this collection of paintings, and the plants depicted<br />
belong to no fewer than 727 different genera. With regard to<br />
species, the number actually named is under 900 ; but as specific<br />
names have only been given to such as could be identified with ease<br />
Of without too great an expenditure of time, this number is considerably<br />
below the total number painted. They are included in<br />
818 paintings ; and when we kuow that they were all painted<br />
between 1872 and 1HH5, and that they by no means represent all
334 FRESH-WATER AhGJE OF IIAMPSHIBE.<br />
tlie painting clone during that period, we can realize to some<br />
extent the intense application of the artist. But her rapidity of<br />
execution was as marvellous as her fidelity to nature and her<br />
staying power.<br />
Soon after the completion of the new arrangements, Miss North<br />
retired to Alderley, and rarely went to London. Her last visit to<br />
the gallery was about the end of February, 1888. It was evident<br />
then that her repeated references to approaching death were not<br />
the outcome of a morbid imagination, induced by over-work. After<br />
her return to Alderley, in 1888, she was very ill, but she partially<br />
recovered ; and, in spite of occasional relapses, she enjoyed her<br />
garden of flowers, and entertained a few visitors.<br />
Miss North was not a botanist, though she painted so accurately<br />
that many persons naturally supposed that she was. She remembered<br />
the botanical names given her fairly well, and she knew well<br />
the external morphology of the flowers she painted, but she never<br />
attempted to master the technicalities of systematic botany. Yet<br />
she was a great observer, otherwise her work could not have been<br />
so accurate, and would not have formed so enduring a memorial of<br />
her as it is now likely to do.<br />
W. B. Hemsley.<br />
FRESH-WATER ALG^ OF ENBRIDGE LAKE AND<br />
VICINITY, HAMPSHIRE.<br />
By John Roy, LL.D.<br />
The material on which the following list is founded was<br />
gathered in February, in the years 1888-89, in Hants, in the<br />
neighbourhood of Newbury. The best gatherings were from<br />
Enbridge Lake (= E. in the list); the others are from—Woolton<br />
Pond (= W.); Ball Hill Pond (=B.); Red Pool, High Clere<br />
(= R.) ; Millford Lake, High Clere (= M.) ; Malverley West Pond<br />
(= P.) ; and Hampstead Park Pond (= H.).<br />
My attention being mainly directed to Desmids, it is very likely<br />
that several of the other Algfe were either not noted or overlooked ;<br />
also at that season many of them, such as (J^^do/ionicc, Spirotjijrce,<br />
&c., could not be named with certainty. Not pretending to know<br />
Diatoms critically, none are entered in the list ; it may be mentioned,<br />
however, that the favourite tesi-ohject, Aiiiphipleura jieUHcula<br />
Kg. occurs in Malverley West Pond, and Navicula rhonibuides Ehr.<br />
was seen in some of the gatherings.<br />
My first intentiou was merely to publish the few species<br />
additional to those contained in Mr. Bennett's list (Journ. Roy.<br />
Micros. Soc, read 11th Dec, 1889), but on further consideration<br />
I have resolved to issue it as it is, chiefly on account of the<br />
collector, my valued friend the late R. F. 0. Farquharson, of<br />
Haughton, Aberdeenshire, of whom a notice appeared in the<br />
' Scottish Naturalist ' for July last. Besides taking his full share<br />
in county business, and attending closely to the management of liis<br />
estates, Mr. Farquharson found time for microscopic researches, of
PRESn-WATER ALO-T: of HAMPSIimE. 335<br />
wliicli he was very fond. Diatoms he knew well, antl had made a<br />
large collection, but his chief microscopic favourites were llotifcrs<br />
and Infusorians. He took a very special interest in investigating the<br />
flora and fauna of his own district—the Vale of Alford. He was tlie<br />
life and soul of its Field Chib, of which ho was Honorary President till<br />
his death. He was in hearty sympathy with those engaged in<br />
scientific pursuits, and to the utmost of his power aided and<br />
encouraged them. Perhaps his strongest point was his power of<br />
stimulating others. Both to him and his accomplished wife the<br />
writer is greatly indebted for collections of Desmid material from<br />
all parts of the country. For the last few years they had to pass<br />
the winter in the South of England, partly in the neighbourhood of<br />
Newbury, and the collections made there have given rise to the<br />
present paper.<br />
(Edofjnniitm undulatum. Breb. E. blunt spines at each angle.<br />
JhdbucJuBte setiijera kg. E. Length and breadth, lih /* ;<br />
B. rectani/uUnis Wittr. E. length of spine, 3h /x.<br />
OonatozijfjonPiulfsnDe'BsiYy. W. S. secedens DeBary. E.<br />
G. DrebissoJiii DeBsii'y. E. Hijalotheca dissiliens 8ni. E. M.<br />
Siihcerozos)i)a excdvatinn'RshUs. E. — (3. hidentulu Nord. M.<br />
iS'.///v/»»/r/nonEoy&Bisset. E. W. y. tridentnhi ^ox({. E. M.<br />
Zygospore cubical, smooth, Desmidiwn Sa-artzii Ealfs. E.,<br />
with one or two short stout abundant. P.<br />
Docidium coronatnm Breb, E. This species occurred in great<br />
abundance in a gathering from Enbridge in February, 1888. /).<br />
nodulosuin Breb. was equally abundant ; but what is of special<br />
interest is that every intermediate form between the two was seen,<br />
from 7iodtilostim proper, with the apex perfectly smooth, to coroudtum,<br />
with the "corona" fully developed. Some examples had<br />
granules barely visible ; others, forming a series, showed the<br />
granules larger, till finally the evidently fully-developed crenated<br />
apex of corundtum appeared. These two forms therefore appear to<br />
be the extremes of one species, which may be arranged thus :<br />
J), curunatum Breb. The fully-developed form. ft. nodulosiDii'Breh.<br />
with smooth apex. The var. /3. is by far the commonest form in<br />
this country.<br />
D. Farquharsonii, u. sp. B. Medium-sized, about six times<br />
longer than broad ; constriction slight : ring prominent, brown<br />
base very slightly tumid, with one or two very slight undulations<br />
near it ; frond gradually tapers to about half the breadth at the<br />
slightly thickened truncate apex, which terminates with about 12<br />
flattened elongated granules, giving it a slightly crenulated aspect<br />
chlorophyll-bands about (5, wavy, with a clear circular space close<br />
to the apex, containing lumierous moving granules; surface<br />
punctate; enveloped in a narrow mucous sheath. Length 288-<br />
381 /x; breadth at constriction, 40-12 /x ; do., basal swelling,<br />
48-53 IX ; do., at apex, 22;", -27 /i. This very distinct species, which<br />
I have a mournful ploasiuc in naming after my deceased friend Mr.<br />
Farquharson, of llaughtoii, has been familiar to me for several<br />
years. It is very rare, and is more frequently found among mosses<br />
on wet rocks than in pools.
830 FRESH-WATER AI.QM OF HAMPSHIRE.<br />
D. Ehrenhcrgii Ealfs. E. P. M.<br />
— /3. grcnnilatum Ealfs. E.<br />
D. clavatum Kg. E. W.<br />
D. truncatum Breb. E. M.<br />
Z>. rectum Delp. E. P.<br />
Closterium didymotocum Corda. E<br />
C. Baileyanum Ealfs. E.<br />
C. obtusum Breb. E.<br />
C. Liinula Ebr. E.<br />
6\ Ehrenbergii Menegb. H.<br />
C. monilifcrum Ebr. H.<br />
C. acerosum Scbr. E. E.<br />
C. antiacerusum De Not. E.<br />
C. macUentiun Breb. E.<br />
C. striijosum Breb. E.<br />
C. Lundellii Lagerb. E.<br />
C. qracile Breb. E.<br />
C. 'Leihleinii Kg. E. W. M. E. H.<br />
C. calosponim Wittr. E.<br />
C. Diana Ebr. E.<br />
C. Venus Kg. E. W.<br />
C. incurvum Breb. E.<br />
C. arcuatum Breb. E.<br />
C. Lagoense Nordst. E.<br />
C. stiiolatum Ebr. W.<br />
C. STEioLATUM /3. ORTHONOTUM, n.var. E. p. W. Upper side flat,<br />
straigbt for about balf tbe lengtli of tbe frond ; eleven to twelve times<br />
longer than broad; from one-sixth to one-fourth longer than tbe<br />
typical form, by two-thirds of its breadth ; in colour and striation tbe<br />
two are similar ; zygospore unknown. Length, 320-390 // ; breadth,<br />
32 /a; do. at apex, 8-10 /a. If nothing more, this is at least a very<br />
distinct as well as a common var. It maintains its characteristics,<br />
with very slight variation, in such widely separated regions as South<br />
Africa and New Zealand. Mr. Archer considers it a good species,<br />
and probably he is right. I prefer in the meantime to put it as a<br />
var. till the zygospore and mode of conjugation are known. The<br />
conjugation of the typical (regularly curved) form is quite the same<br />
in South Africa as here. It is very well represented by Ealfs<br />
(' Brit. Desmid.' tab. xxix. fig. 2g). Ehrenberg gives a figure of<br />
the conjugation (' Infus.' Taf. vi. fig. xii. 6), which differs so much<br />
from that of Ealfs that it is very doubtful if both bad tbe same<br />
species in view. Ealfs' fig. 2/i is evidently something quite different<br />
from his 2^. Neither of these represents the new var., but 2 6 and<br />
2/, though not very characteristic, seem to belong to it. His other<br />
figs., 2rt, 2d, 2e, and 2g, undoubtedly represent the striolatum of<br />
Ehrenberg {i.e., figs. 1-5); his figs, c and h are doubtful.<br />
' C. MalinvernicumT)Q^oi. W. P. Digitus 'E\\v. E.<br />
C. intermedium Ealfs. E.<br />
C. juncidum. Ealfs. — /i. brevior<br />
(forma brevior et rubustiur Eabenh.).<br />
E.<br />
C. attenuatum Ebr. E.<br />
C. linentum Ebr. E.<br />
E<br />
C. rostratiim Ebr.<br />
(J. Kutzivgii Breb.<br />
C. setaceum Ebr.<br />
C. priimun Breb.<br />
C curnn Ebr. E.<br />
C. ceratium Perty. E. W.<br />
C. acutum Breb. E. H.<br />
C. linru Perty. E. P.<br />
Pe'iiium murijaritaccuin Breb. E.
M. rotata Grev. E.<br />
M. papillifera Breb. E.<br />
Euastnim verrucosum Ehr. E.<br />
E. oblonfjum Grev. E.<br />
E. ansatum Ehr. E.<br />
E. pectinatum Breb. E.<br />
E. binale Turp. B.<br />
E. insulare Wittr. P.<br />
E. ehfjans Breb. B.<br />
E. denticulatum Gay. E.<br />
Cosmarmm anceps Lund. E.<br />
C. /rti'^' Rabenb. Tile-burn Pond.<br />
C. Cucumis Corda. B.<br />
C. paclujdermum Lund. M.<br />
C fjaleritum Nord. E.<br />
G. connatum Ralfs. E.<br />
FRESH-WATER ALG.E OF HAMPSHIRE. 387<br />
G. pygmmim Archer. E.<br />
G. cmr/ustfitum Wittr, E.<br />
G. Meneghinii Breb. E. M. W. H.<br />
G. abruptum Lund. E.<br />
G. ahbreviatum Racib. E.<br />
G. concinnum Rabenh. E.<br />
G. angulosum Breb. E.<br />
G. iinpressuJum Elfv. E.<br />
G. striatum Boldt. E. M. H.<br />
G. holmicnse Lund. E. — /3. integrum<br />
Nord. E.<br />
G. tetraophtludmum Kg. E. ft.<br />
LundelUi Wittr. E.<br />
G. marqaritiferum Turp. E.<br />
G. reniforme (Ag. ?) Ralfs. E. P.<br />
C. Turneri, n. sp. E. B. Ralfs includes three species under<br />
his murgaritiferum. The first is his margaritiferum proper (Tab. xvi.<br />
fig. 26, c, and d). It has a zygospore with elevations all over it,<br />
or, as Mr. Archer expressively puts it, "covered with bull's-eyes."<br />
The second is his reniforme {I.e., fig. 2a). This has a perfectly<br />
smooth zygospore. To the third Ralfs gives no varietal name, but<br />
he figures it with its zygospore, which is covered with spines, on<br />
Tab. xxxiii. fig. Qh (not Qa). Length, 461-48 /x; breadth, 38-39/y,;<br />
do. isthmus, 12-13 /x; thickness, 25^ /x; diameter of zygospore,<br />
44-45 p<br />
; length of spines of do., 8 /a. It gives me much pleasure<br />
to connect the name of Mr. W. Barwell Turner, Leeds, with this<br />
very distinct species. He is a distinguished microscopist, and has<br />
done -excellent Desmid work.<br />
C. Wittrockii Lund. E.<br />
G. subpwictulatum Nord. & Berg.<br />
E. H.<br />
G. Bhjttil Wille. E.<br />
G. calcareuvi Wittr. E,<br />
G. Botrytis Menegh. E. P. B.<br />
W. H. ^.emarginatumHoxi&q,.<br />
E. B.<br />
C. gemmij'enim Breb. E.<br />
G. oehthudes Nord. E. B.<br />
G. subcrenatum Hantzsch. R. II.<br />
G. Gorbula Breb. E.<br />
G. ornatum Ralfs. E.<br />
G. gradatum Roy. B.<br />
Arthrudesnnis oetocornis Ehr. E.<br />
A. IncMH Ilassall. — f. divcrgens<br />
Archer. E.— f. cunvergens Archer.<br />
E.<br />
A. convergens Ehr. E.<br />
Staurastriiin dejectumJjfch. E.<br />
])atens Nurd. ft. E.<br />
Journal of Botany.—Vol. 28.<br />
S. apiculatum Breb. W.<br />
S. miicronatum Ralfs. E.<br />
S. glabrum. Ehr. E. Like dejeetidii,<br />
but spines straight and<br />
inflexed. Length = breadth<br />
breadth with spines,<br />
= 19'2 /x ;<br />
22-4 fx; length of spme, /x<br />
length of side in end view,<br />
with spines, 22-4 /x ; do. with-<br />
out, 19-2 /x; diameter of globular<br />
zygospore, 25-G /x, without<br />
spines ; length of spine,<br />
14-4 fj.. Spines numerous,<br />
simple, subulate, base broad.<br />
S. Diekiei Ralfs. E. W.<br />
S. ciiftfjidatiim Breb. E.<br />
,S'. O'Mnirii Archer. E.<br />
S. brevispi)iiitn Breb. M.<br />
S. olif/acanthum Breb. E. W.<br />
S. Avirula Breb. E.<br />
S. J'lircigerum Breb. E.<br />
[NoVEiMUK!!, 1H9().] z
338 RUBUS DUMNONIENSIS.<br />
E.<br />
M.<br />
P.<br />
ft. Ralfs.<br />
S. teliferum Ealfs, E.<br />
S. Bn'hUsonii Archer.<br />
8. punctidatuni Breb.<br />
'8. alternans Breb. E.<br />
8. dispar Breb. E.<br />
8. dilatatum Breb. E<br />
8. tricorne Breb.<br />
E.<br />
E.-<br />
S. margarltaceum Ebr. E.<br />
8. injiexum Breb. E. W.<br />
8. iwlymorphum Breb. E.<br />
8. (jracile Ralfs. M. P.<br />
8. paradoxum Meyen. E.<br />
8. tetracerum Kg. E. W.<br />
Pediastrum Tetras Ebr. E.<br />
P. Heptactis Ebr. E. H.<br />
P. Boryanum Turp. E. H.<br />
P. Napoleonis Turp. E. H.<br />
8taurogenia rectangularis Br. E.<br />
CcelastrumsphcBricu)n^Sig. E. H.<br />
C. cubicum Nag. E.<br />
8on(strum spinulosum Nag. E.<br />
Characium longipes Eabenh. E.<br />
Dlctyospharium Ehrenbergianum<br />
Nag. E.<br />
Nephrocytium Nagellii Grun. E.<br />
N. Agardhianum Nag. E.<br />
Ophiocytium parvulum Perty.<br />
H.<br />
E.<br />
Honnospora mutabilis Breb. E.<br />
Pleurococciis vulgaris Men. E.<br />
Chlorococcum gigas Kg. E.<br />
Gloeocystis ampla Kg. E.<br />
8chizochlamys gelatinosa Br. E.<br />
Botryococcus Braimii Kg. E.<br />
Palmodactylon simplex Nag. E.<br />
Raphidium aciculare Br. E.<br />
R.falcntum Corda. E. H.<br />
R. biplex Reinsch. E.<br />
8cenedesmus obtusus Mey. E.<br />
8. acutus Mey. E. H.<br />
8. antennatus Breb. E.<br />
8. quadricauda Turp. E. H.<br />
H. 8elenastnim Bibraianum Reinsch.<br />
E,<br />
Poli/edriurn tetraedricum Nag.<br />
H.<br />
E.<br />
Glochiococcus hirtus Reinsch. E.<br />
Tetrapedia Reinschiana Archer. W.<br />
8pindina tenuissima Kg. E.<br />
Chroococcus coharens Nag. E.<br />
G. turgidus Nag. E.<br />
Glceocapsa quaternata Breb. E.<br />
Merismopedia glauca Nag. E.<br />
Microcystis marginata Kirch. E,<br />
GcelosphcBrium Kutzingianum Nag.<br />
E.<br />
Gomphospliaria aponina Kg. E.<br />
RUBU8 DUMN0NIENSI8.<br />
By Prof. C. C. Babington, F.R.S.<br />
Rubus Dumnoniensis, n. sp. — Stem more or less arcuate,<br />
angular, furrowed ; prickles long, slender, patent from a short compressed<br />
base on the angles ; leaves 5-nate-palmate ; leaflets coriaceous,<br />
flat, not wavy at the edge, finely and doubly serrate, with a<br />
close coat of grey-white felt and hairy beneatli, all stalked ; terminal<br />
leaflet obovatc, subcuspidate, rounded and nearly entire at the base<br />
panicle nearly cylindrical, leafy below, with short, few-flowered, subcorymbose,<br />
ascending branches, its rachis and peduncles hairy,<br />
scarcely felted, with many short sunken set;B, its priekles patent,<br />
sepals triangular-ovate-cuspidate, hairy, felted, not<br />
many, slender ;<br />
aciculate, refiexed ; stamens exceeding the styles ; petals pure ivhite,<br />
large, oval.<br />
it'. Dumnoniensis Bab. MS.<br />
FL rotundatus? Focke ! in Journ. Bot. 1890, 129.<br />
Stem often dark parplo, tho prickles yellowish towards their<br />
point. Leaflets broadest above their middle. Lower branches of
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE^. 339<br />
panicle always short, often very short. Sepals not turning up<br />
again at the end. Are the young germens downy '? Petioles of the<br />
panicle rounded above, not channelled as in R. rotundatas Miill. ;<br />
they seem also to be rounded above on the barren stem. R. rotimdatus<br />
appears to have sessile glands, but no setse on the panicle and<br />
falcate prickles there.<br />
Near Plymouth in both Devon and Cornwall,<br />
places, Mr. T. R. Archer Bru/f/s.<br />
in open exposed<br />
Focke thinks it possible that this may be R. rutundatus Miill.,<br />
but that has a remarkably spongy and very much furrowed stem,<br />
or rather it has an angular stem with depressed flat and much<br />
striated sides, forming depressed faces rather than furrows. A<br />
manuscript description by Levent says that R. rotuiidatus has<br />
" tige dressee arquee au summit." Briggs describes the Devonshire<br />
plant as more or less arcuate. I do not find the beautiful compact<br />
cylindrical panicle which we have in Devonshire amongst the<br />
French specimens of R. rotundatiis. Genevier seems to have founded<br />
his species chiefly upon specimens from the late M. B. Levent, of<br />
the MS. description by Levent is valuable.<br />
Eheims ;<br />
Focke distinguishes this from R. incurvatus (Jouru. Bot. 1890,<br />
129) by that having shorter prickles and smaller pink flowers, and<br />
a long narrow panicle. I think that several other diflerences will<br />
be seen by those who compare the plants carefully.<br />
I think that this is probably the same as a plant gathered by<br />
Syme at Brodick, in Arran, in Sept., 1872, and called R. incurvatus<br />
by Baker ; and also found by me near Milford, Pembrokeshire. I<br />
cannot identify this plant with any specimen in the Herb. Genevier,<br />
or described in his Monographie. Its very near ally, R. incurvatiis,<br />
is not found near Plymouth. Is Mr. Briggs' plant from Ermington,<br />
Devon (August 8th, 1878),—not named, but said to "have some<br />
resemblance to R. adscitics"—the same? Mr. Briggs is now well<br />
acquainted with the proposed R. Diimnoniensis, and agrees with me<br />
in distinguishing it.<br />
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF HALVEjE.<br />
By Edmund G. Baker, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 243.)<br />
Malva L.<br />
Sect. 2. Ftiscicidata DC. Prod. i. 432.—Bracteolre 3. Flores in<br />
axilla foliorum cymoso-fasciculati aut glomerati. Folia lobata.<br />
* Bracteulcc ovatcc v. ublonr/a.<br />
5. Malva sylvestris L. ; DC. Prod. i. 132; Rchb. Ic. Fl.<br />
Germ. v. t. 1G8; Kng. Bot. ed. 3, t. 281. M. vnhjarU Ten. Syll.<br />
p. 336. M. recta Opiz, fide Nyman, Consp. p. 129. M. tomentcUa<br />
Presl, Fl. Sic. i. p. 174. M. circinmttu Viv. Fl. Cors. Prod. App.<br />
p. G.—Caule erecto hirto, foliis cordato-orbicularibns 5-7-lobatis,<br />
z2
340 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVEffi.<br />
serratis, pedunculis insequaliter fasciculatis defloratis erectis, sepalis<br />
ovatis acutis hirtis, petalis roseis purpureis striatis calycem inulto<br />
superautibus, carpellis glabris dorso reticulato-rugoso margine acuto.<br />
Hab. Europe ! Siberia ! North Africa to India !<br />
Stem 2-3 ft. ; leaf-petiole 2-3 in. ; lamina 2-3 in. long; bracts<br />
l^-J in. ; sepals J in. ; petals f-l in.<br />
/3. MAURiTiANA Boiss. Fl. Or. i. p. 819. M. mauritiana L. ; DC.<br />
Prod. i. 432 ; Ecbb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 168. ill. orientalis Mill.<br />
Diet. no. 3. — Caule glabro vel liirsuto, foliis obtusis lobatis, petalis<br />
minoribus.<br />
Hab. South Europe ! Algeria ! India !<br />
y. ERiocAKPA Boiss. Fl. Or. i. p. 819. M. erecta Presl, Delic.<br />
Prag. p. 30. M. pohjmorj)ha Guss. Syn. ii. p. 226. M. pleheia Stev.<br />
Fl. Taur. p. 92. M. racemosa Presl, Delic. Prag. p. 30. M. hirsiita<br />
Presl, Fl. Sic. i. p. 175. — Caule s^epius hirsuto, carpellis plus<br />
minusve tomentosis.<br />
Hab. Italy to Asia Minor ! India ! Algeria !<br />
^. A<strong>MB</strong>iGUA := M. amhiyim Guss. Prod. PI. Sic. ii. p. 3<strong>31</strong>. M.<br />
ribifolia Viv. Fl. Cors. Prod. App. p. 85. — Caule gracile, foliis<br />
minoribus superioribus 3-5-lobis lobis lanceolatis acutis, floribus<br />
minoribus quam typo.<br />
Hab. Spain ! South France ! Sicily ! Corsica ! Algeria<br />
6. M. Duriaei, Hort. Kew. — Caule erecto pubescente, foliis<br />
longe petiolatis cordato- vel subcordato-orbicularibus augulatis vel<br />
lobatis molliter tomentosis, bracteolis tomentosis, floribus 2-3<br />
axillaribus pedunculatis, sepalis triangularibus acutis accrescentibus<br />
pubescentibus, corolla calyce duplove triplo longiore, carpellis dorso<br />
planis reticulatis pubescentibus.<br />
Hab. Algeria<br />
Stem 2-3 ft. ; leaves, petiole 2 in. long, lamina 1^ in. ; bracts<br />
J in. ; sepals -J in. ; petals ^ in. ; peduncles ^-1 in.<br />
Malva Durieui Spach =^ Ldvatera mauritanica Durieu. See<br />
Linnsea, xxiv. (1851), p. 233.<br />
7. M. NicEENSis All. ; DC. Prod. i. 433 ; Rchb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v.<br />
t. 168. — Caulibus prostratis vel erectis augulatis, foliis longe<br />
petiolatis cordato-orbicularibus 5-7-lobis serratis, stipulis ovatis<br />
acutis, sepalis ovatis acutis post anthesin accrescentibus, petalis<br />
coeruleis calyce duplo longioribus, carpellis glabris vel hirsutis<br />
dorso piano tuberculato margine acuto.<br />
Hab. Mediterranean Piegion to Persia !<br />
Stem 1-3 ft. long; leaf petiole 2-6 in., lamina 1-2^ in. ; bracts<br />
i in. ; sepals J in. ; petals ^ in.<br />
8.' M. subacaulis Coss. ined. in herb. Kew. — Acaulis vel<br />
subacaulis, foliis longe petiolatis cordato orbicularibus lobatis<br />
serratis, bracteolis lanceolatis, sepalis ovatis acutis, corolla calyce<br />
duplo longiore, axe carpellorum exserto acuminato striato.<br />
Hab. Marocco ; Djebel Ghat, Cosson !<br />
Leaf petiole 2-3 in. long, lamina ^ in. ; bracts J in. ; sepals<br />
J in. ;<br />
petals ^ in.
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVE^E. 341<br />
** BracteolcB lineares vel Uneari-lanceoJat(e.<br />
9. M. ROTUNDiFOLiA L. p. p. ; DC. Prod. i. p. 432 ; Rcbb. Ic. Fl.<br />
Germ. v. t. 1G7 ; Eng. Bot. ed. 3, t. 282. M. ne,jlecta Wallr. in<br />
Syll. Ratisb. (1824), p. 140. M. vuhjaris Fries, Nov. p. 219; Rcbb.<br />
Ic.<br />
iv.<br />
Fl. Germ. v. t. 167. M. littoralis Detbard in Rcbb. Fl. Germ,<br />
771 ; Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 167. — Multicaulis, caulibus decumbeutibus,<br />
foliis longe petiolatis cordato-orbicularibus leviter iobatis<br />
crenatis, peduuculis defloratis deflexis, sepalis triangularibus vel<br />
ovatis acutis, corolla calyce duplo longiore miguibus petalormn<br />
barbatis, carpellis pubescentibus dorso rotundatis.<br />
Hab. Europe ! Nortb Africa! Nortb and West Asia to India!<br />
Stems 6 in. to 2 ft. long ; leaves 1-3 in. ; bracts ^-\ in. ; sepals<br />
^ in. ; petals ^ in.<br />
Var. RETICULATA Mastcrs in Fl. Brit. Ind. i. p. 320. M. rotundi-<br />
folia var. a. W. & A. Prod. i. p. 45. — Corolla calyce longiore,<br />
carpellis glabris reticulatis.<br />
Hab. Bengal ! Nortb-west Himalayas !<br />
10. M. BOEEALis Wallm. in Liljebl. Sw. Fl. ed. 2, p. 218 ; Eng.<br />
Bot. ed. 3, t. 283 ; Rcbb. Ic. t. 20 ; Fl. Danica, t. 1825. M. pusilla<br />
Witb. Eng. Bot. ed. 3, t. 241. M. rotundi/olia L, p. p. M. rotiindifolia<br />
Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. p. 218. M. j'an-ifiora Huds. Fl. Ang.<br />
p. 307, non L. M. Hennhiyii Gold. Mosq. p. 133. M. crenata Kit.<br />
in Sadl. Pest. ed. 2, p. 305. Al. pseudoburealis Scbur, Enum. PI.<br />
Trans, p. 130. M. rottindifoUa Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii. p. 181. M.<br />
rutundifolia var. ft. W. & A. Prod. i. p. 45. M. rotundi/olia var.<br />
borealis Masters in Fl. Brit. Ind. i. 320. — Multicaulis, caulibus<br />
prostratis adscendentibus, foliis longe petiolatis cordato-orbicularibus<br />
Iobatis, pedunculis defloratis declinatis, sepalis triangularibus erectis,<br />
petalis calyce sublongioribus leviter emarginatis, carpellis glabris<br />
vel minute pubescentibus reticulato-rugosis margine acutis integris.<br />
Hab. Nortb Europe ! Siberia ! India !<br />
Stem 6 in. to 2 ft. long; leaves 1-2 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals<br />
^ in. ;<br />
petals ^ in.<br />
Like M. rotund ifolia, but tbe leaves are ratber less deeply lobed,<br />
the petals sborter, and the sculpturing of tbe carpels different.<br />
11. M. PARviFLORA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 433 ; Jacq. Hort. Vindob.<br />
t. 39. M. marcutica Delil. in DC. Prod. i. 433. J/, curonata Pomel,<br />
Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. p. 346. M. simijliciuscula Steud. in Flora<br />
(1856), p. 426. M. rotundifolia E. & Z. ISI. microcarpa E. & Z.<br />
M. Jh'xudsa E. & Z.—Uni- vel multicaulis plus minusvc pilosis, foliis<br />
longe petiolatis cordato-orbicularibus obsolete 5-7-lobatis, bructeolis<br />
brevibus, sepalis accrescentibus erotundatis mucronatis, petalis<br />
retusis calyce sublougiorilnis cocrulcsceutis ungue glabro, carpellis<br />
glabris aut pubescentibus dorso transverse<br />
acuto alato eximie dentato.<br />
elevato-rugosis margine<br />
Hab. South Europe !<br />
to AfglianisUui I and<br />
Persia!<br />
Madeira!<br />
Marocco ! Algeria! Egypt<br />
Stem 1-2 ft. high; leaves 1-2 iu. long; bracts ^ in. ; sepals<br />
J in. ; petals ^ in.
342 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF HALVED.<br />
p. CEisTATA Boiss. Fl. Or. i. 821. M. microcarpa Desf. Cat.<br />
Hort. Paris, ed. 1, p. 144; Eclib. Ic. Fl. Germ. v. t. 166.—<br />
Carpellorum rugis magis elevatis marginibus in cristulas proniinentibus.<br />
Hab. Spain ! Italy ! South France ! Egypt ! Babylon<br />
y, EiBiFOLiA Lowe, Fl. Madeira, p. 590. — Foliis acute serratis,<br />
petiolis pedunculisque longis tenuissimis.<br />
Hab. Madeira. Sta. Cruz<br />
2. FLExuosA = M. fexuosa Horn. Hafn. ii. p. 655. — Foliis<br />
cordato-orbicularibus 7-lobatis crenatis, floribus axillaribus sub-<br />
sessilibus.<br />
Hab. Sicily.<br />
12. M. vERTiciLLATA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 433 ; Masters in Fl. Brit.<br />
Ind. i. p. 320; Eng. Bot. iii. t. 284. M. neilyherremis Wight, Ic.<br />
t. 950. M. alchemiUcBfolia Wall. Cat. 1884, d. M. pulchella Bernh.<br />
M. chinensis Mill. Diet. no. 6. — Caule erecto ramoso glabro vel<br />
pubescente, foliis cordato-suborbicularibus 5-6-lobatis petiolis<br />
longis, floribus parvis subsessilibus dense verticillatis, sepalis<br />
ovatis acutis accrescentibus, petalis calyce pauIo longioribus,<br />
carpellis 10-12 dorso et prsesertim marginibus transverse rugosis<br />
faciebus reticulatis.<br />
Hab. Europe (doubtfully native). Abyssinia ! Egypt ! India !<br />
Amoor Land ! China<br />
Stem 2-4 ft. high; leaves 1-3 in. or occasionally 5 in. long;<br />
petiole 5-7 in. ; bracts ^ in. ; sepals ^ in. ;<br />
M. crispa L., Echb. Ic. Fl. Germ. v.<br />
petals ^-^ in.<br />
t. 161, is a cultivated<br />
form of this plant.<br />
Var. ABYSSiNicA = M. abyssinica A. Br. MSS. !<br />
Hochst.—Foliis prsesertim summis acute lobatis,<br />
Hab. Abyssinia<br />
M.<br />
physaloides<br />
13. M. oxYLOBA Boiss. Diagn. Ser. 1, viii. p. 109; Fl. Or. i.<br />
p. 821. — Glabriuscula, caulibus diffusis, foliis sinu angustissimo<br />
cordato-subrotundo- 3-5-fidis vel partitis segmentis obovatocuueatis<br />
in lacinulas lanceolatas acutissimas integras vel trifidas<br />
IDrofunde fissis, peduncuhs brevibus fructiferis patulis, floribus<br />
axillaribus aggregatis, bracteolis setaceis calyce fructifero accrete<br />
patenti lobis ovato-triaugularibus, petalis truncato-retusis calyce<br />
sublongioribus, carpellis glabris transverse et elevatim rugosis<br />
reticulatis marginibus elevato-dentatis.<br />
Hab. Palestine ! Cyprus<br />
Sect. 3. BibracteolatiB DC. Prod. i. p. 4<strong>31</strong>.—Bracteolse 2. Floras<br />
axillares solitarii.<br />
14. M. HisPANicA L. ; DC. Prod. i. 4<strong>31</strong> ; Desf. Fl. Atl. t. 170;<br />
Willk. & Lange, Fl. Hisp. iii. p. 573. M. cuneij'ulia Cav. ; DC.<br />
Prod. i. p. 4<strong>31</strong>. — Uni- vel multicaulis, caulibus ramosis villosis,<br />
foliis inferioribus longe petiolatis seniiorbicularibus serratis superi-<br />
oribus breviter petiolatis subrhomboideis, bracteolis lanceolatis<br />
calyce brevioribus, sepalis triangularibus acuminatis, petalis emarginatis,<br />
carpellis glabris dorso rotuudatis.
SPERGULA PENTANDRA IN IRELAND, 343<br />
Hab. Spain ! Portugal ! Algeria<br />
Stems -^-1 ft. ; leaves ^1^ in. long ; bracts in. ; sepals -J ^ in.<br />
petals 1 in.<br />
15. M. STiPULACEA Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. p. 4<strong>31</strong> ; Willk. & Lange,<br />
Fl. Hisp. iii. p. 574. M. hispanica Asso. Syn. p. 90, nee L., and<br />
M. Tournefortiana Asso. Enum., non L., fide Willk. & Lange,<br />
op. cit.— Scabra, caulibus declinatis, foliis iuferioribus trilobis lobis<br />
subemarginatis integerrimis superioribus palmato 3-5-partitis<br />
laciniis bi-trifidis, stipulis magnis lanceolato-linearibus, fioribus<br />
magnis, bracteolis setaceis, sepalis lanceolatis acuminatis, petalis<br />
calyce duplo longioribus purpureis.<br />
Hab. Spain (Arragon).<br />
16. M. yEGYPTiA L. ; Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. 65 ; DC. Prod. i.<br />
p. 4<strong>31</strong> ; Boiss. Fl. Or. i. p. 818; Willk. & Lange, Fl. Hisp. iii. p. 574.<br />
— Uui- vel multicaulis caulibus erectis vel decumbentibus pilis<br />
;<br />
ramosis adpressis strigosis, foliis suborbicularibus inferioribus longe<br />
petiolatis palmatisectis segmentis tri-multipartitis laciniis lineari-<br />
oblongis, pedunculis 1-2 floris folio sublongioribus, bracteolis<br />
linearibus, sepalis late triangularibus acuminatis corollam parvam<br />
lilaceam subaequantibus, carpellis orbicularibus faciebus radiatim<br />
dorso transverse sulcatis.<br />
Hab. Spain ! North Africa ! Greece ! Arabia ! Syria !<br />
Armenia ! to the Caspian Sea !<br />
Stem 1-12 in. ; leaves ^-^ in. long ; bracts | in. ; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals ^ in.<br />
17. M. TEiFiDA Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. p. 4<strong>31</strong> ; Willk. & Lange, Fl.<br />
Hisp. iii. p. 574. M. trijida var. latifolia Willk. Sert. p. 32, no. 188.<br />
— Uni- vel multicaulis scabris, foliis petiolatis suborbicularibus<br />
3-5-sectis supra glabro subtus birtulo segmentis foliorum inferiorum<br />
trilobis superiorum tripartitis laciniis late linearibus, bracteolis<br />
linearibus, sepalis triangularibus acutis, corolla calyce duplo longiore<br />
ccerulescente, carpellis faciebus radiatim rugosis dorso tenuiter transverse<br />
rugosis.<br />
Hab. Spain<br />
Stem 4-18 in. ; leaves ^ in. long ; bracts J-|- in. ; sepals ^ in.<br />
petals, ^ in.<br />
ft. HETEROPHYLLA Willk. & Costa, in Willk. Pug. p. 92.—Gracilis,<br />
minor, foliorum segmentis angustis, carpellis cinereo-olivaceis<br />
faciebus non excavatis.<br />
Hab. Spain.<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
SPERGULA PENTANDEA IN IRELAND.<br />
By G. C. Druce, F.L.S.<br />
At pp. 302-303 the Editor kindly reproduces the gist of a paper<br />
on Spcryula pentaiulra vfhich appeared in auotiier place, and in a<br />
much too generous criticism obliges me by pointhig out defective
344 SPERGULA PENTANDEA IN lEELAND.<br />
citations wbich I had made. But he writes that I "did not seem<br />
to be aware that this [E. B. Plate No. 1536] is reproduced in the<br />
3rd edition of 'Enghsh Botany, t. 253, and cited by Syme as<br />
S. arvensis var. sativa, which it undoubtedly represents." If the<br />
plate in Syme's Eng. Bot. 253 be consulted (I am assuming that<br />
my copy is not an exceptional one), it will be found to be labelled<br />
8. arvensis var. vulgaris, and not as the Editor cites, S. arvensis var.<br />
sativa. In the text, vol. ii., p. 127, of the same work it is also<br />
named var. vulgaris, and reference there given to the E. B. plate<br />
1536. Byme also adds an important footnote :— " The seeds of the<br />
two varieties a and h have inadvertently been transposed in the<br />
two plates," that is, the figures of the seeds in the vulgaris plate<br />
are figures of the seed of sativa, and vice versa.<br />
Even this does not altogether conclude the matter, for although<br />
it is true that the outline of the E. B. plate 1536 is reproduced,<br />
and the number is quoted on the plate No. 253 in Syme's E. B.,<br />
yet the characteristic pubescence very noticeable on the original<br />
plate has been apparently intentionally suppressed in the reproduced<br />
plate 253, although there are faint traces of hairs in the lower leaves<br />
only. So that to me it no longer represents an " undoubted figure<br />
of var. sativa," while if we follow Syme's directions given in the<br />
footnote already quoted and transpose the figures of the seeds, we<br />
shall obtain a plate which fairly well represents (although no<br />
petals are drawn in detail) the subglabrous state of S. vulgaris as<br />
it occurs in rich arable soil.<br />
The point raised in my paper might have been more clearly<br />
stated. I ventured to claim that the omission of Spergula pentandra<br />
from the list of British plants is based on an error, namely this, that-<br />
" the plant found by Sherard in Ireland was one of the species of-<br />
Lepigonum." But we find that the original specimen given by<br />
Sherard to Dillenius is true S. pentandra, not a Lepigonum ; that his<br />
foreign specimens oi pentandra collected or obtained by himself and<br />
preserved in his own herbarium are not confused with Lepigonum,<br />
and that the description in the ' Synopsis' is accurate; for these<br />
reasons we may assume that Sherard was well acquainted with the<br />
plant in question. The statement that he mistook a Lepigonum<br />
[Buda) for it is unsupported by evidence. We know that he visited<br />
several parts of Ireland, and plants sent by him from there are<br />
again and again mentioned in the ' Synopsis.' An example pertinent<br />
to the case of Spergula ijentandra is that of L'hara 2)olyacantha, which<br />
was collected by Sherard in Ireland. It was figured in Plukenet<br />
in 1691, but not for a long time properly identified and admitted to<br />
the British Flora. The identification we owe to Messrs. Groves<br />
(see Journ. Bot. 1880, 1<strong>31</strong>).<br />
As I have pointed out, the continental distribution oi S . j)cntandra<br />
is not antagonistic to its occurrence as a native plant in Ireland.<br />
My concluding remark would be that the tbiug to be desired now<br />
is its re-discovery in Ireland. This was the reason for writing the<br />
note in the 'Annals of Botany,' and for paying a hurried visit to<br />
the south of Ireland this year. My search was not rewarded by<br />
success, but I have reason to believe that the ground which
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 345<br />
I worked was not the part of the country visited by Sherard, which<br />
I hope yet to explore.<br />
[The misnaming of E. B. ed. iii. t. 253 was manifestly a clerical<br />
error on our part : and a careful comparison of the two impressions<br />
of the plate does not lead us to the conclusion that the "apparently<br />
intentional suppression" of the pubescence is due to anything<br />
but careless printing—of which E. B. ed. iii. furnishes too many<br />
examples. We think it better, however, to print Mr. Druce's note<br />
as we have received it, agreeing with the writer that " the thiug to<br />
be desired now is the re-discovery" of Spcrgxda pmtandra "in<br />
Ireland." Ed. Journ. Bot.]<br />
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 814.)<br />
Stewart, Charles (fl. 1791-1811). A.L.S., 1791. Printer. Sec.<br />
Nat. Hist. Soc, Edinburgh. Edited Lee's 'Introd. to Botany,'<br />
1811. Jacks. 30.<br />
Stewart, Gilbert A. C. (d. 1876) : d. Melrose, 12th Jan. 1876.<br />
F.B.S.Ed., 1865. Investigated introduced plants of Gala and<br />
Tweed. Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed. xiii. 16.<br />
Stewart, John (d. 1820) : d. Edinburgh, 3rd Nov. 1820. Lect.<br />
Bot., Edinburgh. Memb. Wern. Soc. Wrote article "Musci"<br />
in ' Brewster's Encyclopfedia.' ' Hortus Cryptogamicus Edinensis,'<br />
1819. Hook. Fl. Scot. 139. Mem. Wern. Soc. iii. 444.<br />
Pritz. ed. 1, 285; Jacks. 252.<br />
Stewart, John Lindsay (1832 'P-1873) : b. Fettercairn, Kiucardinesh.,<br />
1832 ? ; d. Dalhousie, Lahore, 5th July, 1873 ; bur.<br />
Dalhousie Cemetery. M.D., Edinb., 1856. F.L.S. , 1865.<br />
Conservator ofForests in Punjab. In India, 1856-1869: returned<br />
there, 1872. 'Punjab Plants,' 1869. 'Forest Flora' (com-<br />
menced by) 1874. Plants at Kew and Edinburgh. Jacks. 609;<br />
Proc. Linn.<br />
H. S. C. V. 8<strong>31</strong> ; viii. 1017 ; Journ. Bot. 1873, <strong>31</strong>9 ;<br />
Soc. 1873-4, Ivii. ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed. xii. <strong>31</strong>.<br />
Stewart, Neil (1814?-1875) : d. Edinburgh, 8th Dec. 1875.<br />
A.B.S.Ed., 1850. Botanical draughtsman. ' Colour and Fer-<br />
tilisation,' Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed. xi. 190. Id. xiii. 16.<br />
Stewart, R. B. (li. 1835). ' Outlines of Botany,' 1835. Pritz. 306;<br />
Jacks. 38.<br />
Stewart, Robert (tl. 1860). Of Torquay. M.R.C.S. ' Torquay<br />
Kloni,' IHGO. JiicIvH. 261.<br />
Stillingfleet, Benjamin (1702-1771): b. Norwich?, 1702; d.<br />
London, 15tii Doc. 1771; bur. St. James', Piccadilly. Ji.A.,<br />
Camb., 1723. 'Tracts,' 1759; ed. 2, 1762; cd. '3, 1775.<br />
'Life and Works,' 1811, with portr. Pult. ii. 349 ; Pritz. 306 ;<br />
Jacks. 609 ; Nicli, Anccd. ii. 336, 719, with portr. ; vii. 399,<br />
682 ; Nicb. lUustr. ix. 103 ; Cott. Gard. vii. 79, with mezzo, by
346 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
V. Green,<br />
xlvii. 440 ;<br />
1782, after Zoffany; Gent. Mag. 1776, xlvi.,<br />
Biog. Dramatic. StUlimjia Garden.<br />
162 ;<br />
Stock, Daniel (fl. 1828-1866). Of Bmigay, afterwards of Stoke<br />
Newington, Contributed to Mag. Nat. Hist, from 1828. Local<br />
Sec, Bot. Soc. Loud., 1839. N. B. G. 112 ; Top. Bot. ed. 2, 556.<br />
Stocks, John Ellerton (1822-1854) : b. Cottingliam, Hull, 1822;<br />
d. same place, 30th Aug. 1854. M.D., London. F.L.S., 1848.<br />
Bombay Medical Staff. Travelled and collected in Scinde,<br />
Beluchistan, &c. Pritz. 307; Jacks. 390; E. S. C. v. 836;<br />
Gard. Chron. 1854, 580 ; Gent. Mag. 1854, ii. 401 ; Proc. Linn.<br />
Soc. ii.<br />
Benth.<br />
46 ; Journ. Bot. 1854, 308. Ellertonia Wight. Stocksia<br />
Stokes, Charles (1783 ?-1853) : d. Gray's Inn, London, 28th Dec.<br />
1853. F.E.S.,1821. F.L.S., 1808. Member of Stock Exchange.<br />
' Recent wood petrified,' Trans. Geol. Soc. 1836. Had collection<br />
of fossil woods. Jacks. 176 ; R. S. C. v. 838 ; Proc. Linn. Soc.<br />
ii. <strong>31</strong>2.<br />
Stokes, Jonathan (1755-18<strong>31</strong>) : b. Chesterfield, 1755; d. Chesterfield,<br />
30th April, 18<strong>31</strong>. M.D. Of Kidderminster. A.L.S.,<br />
1790. Edited Withering, ed. 2, 1787.<br />
Medica,' 1812. ' Bot. Commentaries.'<br />
'Botanical Materia<br />
Had a herbarium.<br />
Pritz. 307 ; Jacks. 609 ; Lees' Bot. Worcester, Ixxxviii. Portr.<br />
Kew.<br />
Stokes, Whitley (fl. 1804). M.D. Of Dublin. Friend of Dawson<br />
Turner. Bryologist. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. (1273, 2403, &c.).<br />
Muscolog. Hibern. viii, Hypmim Stokesii Sm. Stokesia L'Her.<br />
b. 1751?; d. 6th Jan. 1829. Of<br />
Stone, Robert (1751 ?-1829) :<br />
Bediugham Hall, Bungay. F.L.S. , 1790. Contrib. to Withering.<br />
Found Hi/dnum imhricatum and Lycoperdon coliforme. Had a<br />
herbarium. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. (458, 1467, &c.). Smith<br />
Lett. i. 43 ; Mag. Nat. Hist. 1829, 120.<br />
Stonehouse, Rev. M. (or Walter) (fl. 1650). Of Darfield, near<br />
Barnsley. Correspondent of How. Parkinson, ' Theatr.,' 133,<br />
755. Johnson's 'Itinera' (Wales). Pult. i. 172.<br />
Stonestreet, George (fl. 1695). Brother of following. Collected<br />
at the Cape and St. Helena (Mus. Pet. nos. 143, 149) ; sent<br />
Indian plants to Plukeuet (Hb. Sloane, 87).<br />
Stonestreet, Rev. William (d. 1716). M.A. Camb., 1681. Rector,<br />
St. Stephen, Walbrook, 1689. Correspondent of Petiver (Mus.<br />
Pet. nos. 143, 149) and Plukenet (Aim. 68). Sent plants to<br />
Buddie, Herb. Sloane, 114. Nich. Illustr. iii. 341.<br />
Storey, John (d. 1859) : d. Newcastle, 1859. Sec. Tyneside Nat.<br />
Club, 1849-57. Papers in Trans. Tyneside Nat. Club, i.-iii.<br />
Sent list Newcastle pi. to Watson, Top. Bot. ed. 2, 557. Was<br />
preparing Flora of Northumberland and Durham.<br />
Stowell, Rev. Hugh Ashworth (1830 9-1886): b. Pendleton,<br />
Lane, 1830?; d. Breadsall, Derby?, 16th March, 1886. B.A.,<br />
Oxon. 1852. M.A., 1855. Rector of Breadsall, 1865. ' Fl. of<br />
Faversham,' Phytol. i. (1855-56), 249, 375 ; ii. (1857-58), 100,<br />
153, 180. R. S. C. V. 846.<br />
Strange, John (1732-1799) : b. 1732 ; d. Ridge, Middlesex, 19th
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 347<br />
March, 1799. M.A., Camb., 1775. F.R.S. LL.D. D.C.L.,<br />
Oxon, 1793. Brit. Resident at<br />
sopra ConfeiTa Plinii,' Pisa, 17G4.<br />
' Venice, 1778-88. Lettera<br />
' On the Origin of a Natural<br />
Paper,' Phih Trans, hx. (17G9), 50. Pritz. 307 ; Nicb. Anecd.<br />
viii. 10 ; Alhbone.<br />
Streeten, Robert James Nicholl (1800-1849): b. London, 28th<br />
June, 1800; d. Worcester, 10th May, 1849. Practised at<br />
Worcester. M.D., Edinb., 1824. F.L.S., 1846. Contrib. to<br />
Phyt. i. 236; ii. 405. ' Myosotis,' NaturaHst, 1. 171 (1837).<br />
Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 48 ; R. S. C. v. 853.<br />
Strickland, Agnes (1806-1874) : b. Roydon Hall, Suffolk, 1806 :<br />
d. Roydon Hall, 8th July, 1874. Historian. ' Floral Sketches,'<br />
1836. Pritz. 307; Jacks. 212; 'Life,' by J. M. Strickland,<br />
with portr., 1887.<br />
Strickland, Catherine Parr [See Traill] .<br />
Strickland, Freeman [See Freeman, Charlotte] .<br />
Strickland, Hugh Edwin (1811-1853) : b. Righton, E. Yorksh.,<br />
2nd March, 1811 ; killed Clarboro', near Gainsboro', 14tli Sept.<br />
1853. B.A., Oxon, 1832. M.A., 1835. F.R.S., 1852. Geologist<br />
and zoologist. ' Natural System in Zoology and Bot.,' Mag. Zool.<br />
Bot. vi. (1841), 184. 'Report on Vitality of Seeds' (with<br />
Daubeny, Henslow, and Lindley), Brit. Assoc. Rep. 1845.<br />
Jacks. 95 ; R. S. C. v. 855 ;<br />
' Memoirs,' by Sir W. Jardine,<br />
1858; 'AthenfBum,' 1853, p. 1125; Allibone ; Gent. Mag.<br />
1853, h. 420.<br />
Stroud, T. B. (fl. 1821). Landscape gardener. Of Greenwich.<br />
' Elements<br />
of Bot.,' 1821. Pritz. 308; Jacks. 37.<br />
Strutt, Jacob George (fl. 1814-52). Landscape painter and<br />
etcher. Exhibited at R. A., 1822-52. At Lausanne and Rome,<br />
1830-51. 'Sylva Britannica,' 1822; ed. 2, 18<strong>31</strong>-36. Pritz.<br />
Bryan.<br />
308 ; Jacks. 245 ; R. S. C. v. 865 ;<br />
Stuart, John, 3rd Earl of Bute (1713-1792): b. Scotland, 1713;<br />
d. London, 10th March, 1792. ' Tabular Distribution of Brit.<br />
PI.,' 1780. ' Linn. Botanical Tables,' 1785. Jacks. 34 ;<br />
Letters,<br />
i. 26 ; Rich. Corr. 407 ; Baillon, i. 630 ; Encyc. Brit. iv. 581 ;<br />
Rose. Mezzo, by R. Purcell, 1763, after A. Ramsay. Stewartia<br />
L. lintea Roxb.<br />
Stuart, Rev. John (ii. 1777-1805) : d. before 1832. Minister of<br />
Killin, Breadalbane, and afterwards of Luss, Dumbarton. D.D.<br />
A.L.S., 1793. Travelled in Highlands and Hebrides with<br />
Lightfoot, and assisted him in ' Flora Scotica.' "Has the finest<br />
private garden, and is the best botanist in Scotland," Memoir<br />
of Dr. Wright, 1828, 146. Discovered Juncus biylumis. Contrib.<br />
to Eng. Bot. (898, 2586). Fl. Scotica, xii. Salix Stunrtiuna<br />
Sm.<br />
Sturrock, Abraham (18'18-1886) : b. Padanarum, Forfar, Sept.<br />
1843; a. Rattray, Pcrtlishirc, 13th March, IHHG. Schoolmaster.<br />
Studied watcr-phints. Herbarium in Porthsh. Soc. Nat. Science<br />
Museum. Scott. Nat. 1886, 298. PotniiuKjt'ton inisillus var.<br />
Sturrorkii A. Benn.<br />
Sturt, Charles (1796-1869): b. India, 1796: d. Cheltenham,<br />
16th June, 1869. F.L.S., 1883. Captain, 89th Regt. Traveller.
848 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
Friend of E. Brown. In S. Australia, 1828-<strong>31</strong>, in Central<br />
Australia, 1844-46. ' Expeditious into S. Australia,' 1833.<br />
'Expedition into Central Australia,' 1849, bot. appendix by E.<br />
Brown, to whom Sturt sent his plants. E. S. C. v. 880 ; Proc.<br />
Geogr. Soc. xiv. 287. Stiirtlu Br. = Gossypium Sturtii Muell.<br />
Sutherland, James (fl. 1684-1703). Intendant of Bot. Gard.,<br />
Edinb. ' Hortus Medicus Edinburgensis,' 1683. 'Cat. PI.<br />
Hort. Edinb.,' 1684. Correspondent of Petiver, Sberard, Uvedale,<br />
&c. Sent Scottish plants to Petiver, Mus. Pet. 70, 95.<br />
Pult. ii. 4; Pritz. 309; Jacks. 411; Eich. Corr. 27, 69; Loudon,<br />
' Arboretum,' 50 ; Pref. to Newton's Herbal, p. 5. Sutherlandia Br.<br />
Sutherland, Peter C. (fl. 1850-1870). M.D. Surveyor-General,<br />
Natal. Sent plants to Harvey. 'Journ. of Voyage in 1850-51<br />
in search of 'Erebus' and 'Terror,' ' 1852. Fl. Capensis, i. 9.*<br />
E, S. C. V. 889 ; viii. 1047. Greyia Suthcrlandi Harv.<br />
Sutton, Rev. Charles (1756-1846): b. Norwich, 6th March,<br />
1756 ; d. Tombland, Norwich, 28th May, 1846. B.A., Camb.,<br />
1779. D.D., 1806. A.L.S., 1791. Pupil of John Pitchford.<br />
'British species of Orohanche' (discovered O. elatior), Trans.<br />
Linn. Soc. iv. 173. Contrib. to Eng. Bot. 20, 568, &c. E.S.C.<br />
V. 889; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 341. Suttonia A. Eich.<br />
Sutton, George (1774-1859): b, England, 1774; d. Bathurst,<br />
N. S. Wales, May, 1859. Sent by Banks to N. S. Wales, 1798;<br />
returned to England, 1842, and shortly again to N. S. Wales.<br />
F.L.S., 1843. ' Culture of Grape-Vine and Orange in Australia,'<br />
1843. ' Forest-trees of Austraha.' E. S. C. v. 890 ; Proc. Linn.<br />
Soc. i. 177 ; 1859-60, xxxiii.<br />
Swainson, Isaac (d. 1806). Had a private bot. garden at Twickenham,<br />
circ. 1789, and owned some vegetable medicines.<br />
Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 75, 2533. Swainso'ua Salisb.<br />
Swainson, William (1789-1855) : b. Liverpool, 8th Oct. 1789<br />
d. Fern Grove, New Zealand, 7th Dec. 1855. Zoologist. F.E.S.,<br />
1820. F.L.S. , 1816. ' Listructions for Collecting,' 1808.<br />
' Naturalist's Guide,' 1822. Studied Iris, Sweet, Flower Garden,<br />
2nd Series, iii. 254. ' Botanical Eeport on Victoria,' 1853.<br />
Greek plants in Herb. Liverpool Bot. Gard. Pritz. 309 ; Jacks.<br />
218; E.S.C. viii. 893; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1855-6, xlix. ; Naturalist,<br />
iv. 897 (1839). Water-colour portr., by Harrison, at Kew.<br />
Swayne, Rev. George (1746 9-1827) : b. Evilton, Somerset,<br />
1746 •? ; d. Dyrham, Gloucester ?, 24th Oct. 1827. B.A., Oxon,<br />
1766. M.A., 1771. Vicar of Pucklechurch, Gloucestersh.,<br />
1772. ' Eector of Dyrham, 1806. ' Gramina pascua,' 1790<br />
(with dried specimens). Jacks. 239 ; E. S. C. v. 897.<br />
Sweet, Robert (1783-1835): b. Cockington, S. Devon, 1783; d.<br />
Chelsea, 20th Jan. 1835. Nurseryman. F.L.S., 1812. Had a<br />
nursery at Stockwell, 1810, and afterwavds at Parson's Green.<br />
' Geraniacero,' 1820-30. ' Cistinefe,' 1825-30. 'Hortus Britannicus,'<br />
1826. ' Flora Australasica,' 1827. ' British Flower-<br />
Garden,' 1822-<strong>31</strong>. ' Botany of Great Britain,' 18<strong>31</strong>. Contrib.<br />
to Mag. Nat. Hist. h. & iii. Pritz. <strong>31</strong>0 ; Jacks. 610 ; Mag. Nat.<br />
Hist. viii. 410 ; Gard. Mag. xi. 159, w. bibliography. Sweetia DC,
SHORT NOTES. 349<br />
Swete, Edward Horace (fl. 1854). Surgeon. Of Clifton, Bristol.<br />
Lect. Bot., Bristol Med. School. 'Flora Bristolieusis,' 1854.<br />
Pritz. <strong>31</strong>0; Jacks. 249.<br />
(To be continued.^<br />
SHORT NOTES.<br />
Drosera anglica in Hants.—Captain A. Steuart, of Ventnor,<br />
has called my attention to the fact that Mr. Townsend, in his<br />
' Flora,' considers the occurrence of Drosera an
350 THE BRITISH MOSS-FLORA.<br />
Edeubridge. The specimens have all been identified by Mr. N. E.<br />
Brown, of Kew. Ernest S. Salmon.<br />
Carex MONTANA Linn, in N. Somerset. — I was having a day's<br />
botanising last July with the Rev. E. P. Murray in the Mendip<br />
Hills, when I had the good fortune to detect the leaves of Carex<br />
mnntana L. among the grass on a gently sloping bank by a road-<br />
side. Careful search led to the discovery of a few withering spikes,<br />
very few in proportion to the number of its plants, and on one of<br />
these a single fruit remained. It was late in the season for this<br />
early flowering Carex, and this may account for our not finding the<br />
remains of a larger number of spikes. Mr. Murray, who has been<br />
collecting material for the forthcoming ' Flora of Somerset,' has<br />
since informed me that this is an addition to the county list.<br />
Edward F. Linton.<br />
EuBus silvaticus W. & N. —I have to correct two errors in the<br />
names of the stations of Ruhus silvaticus in my article on this<br />
bramble at p. 276. The S. Wilts station should be Landford, as<br />
it is correctly written in Herb. Eev. W. Moyle Eogers, and not<br />
Landport ;<br />
the Salop station Longmynd, not Longwynd, Hill, this<br />
latter mistake being the result of a typographical error overlooked<br />
in the correction of the proof.—T. E. Archer Briggs.<br />
EosA MicRANTHA Sm., var. Briggsii Baker. — My attention has<br />
been directed to the statement in the last issued "List of Desiderata "<br />
of the Botanical Exchange Club to the effect that "/losa micrantha<br />
Sm. var. BriggsiV' is synonymous with '' Rosa agrestis Savi." This<br />
is certainly not the case, for the Devon plant is clearly a variety of<br />
Rosa micrantha, as stated in ' my Flora of Plymouth.' It differs<br />
from the typical plant only by having perfectly glabrous peduncles,<br />
and sepals eglandular at the back. It so happened that the varietal<br />
name of Briggsii was first given to specimens of a luxuriant form of<br />
this variety by Mr. J. G. Baker in his Mon. Brit. Eoses (Journ.<br />
Linn. Soc. xi. 222).—T. E. Archer Briggs.<br />
Welsh Eecords. — I have been again in N. Wales, at Beddgelert,<br />
this autumn, and met with the following plants not included<br />
in Top. Bot. ed. 2 :—48. Merionethshire, LysimacJdaNumniularia and<br />
Sparganium simplex ; ditches east of the Glaslyn below Aberglaslyn<br />
Bridge. 49. Carnarvonshire, Carex remota; on the old<br />
Gwynant Lake, leading to Pennygwryd.—F. C. S. Roper.<br />
road by<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
The Rritish Moss-Flora. By E. Braithwaite, M.D., F.L.S.<br />
Part XIII. Pam. XII. Splachnaceae ; XIII. CEdipodiaceae<br />
XIV. Funariaceae ; XV. Bryaceae, i. (The Author, 303,<br />
Clapham Eoad). 6s.<br />
This standard work, which has been published at the average<br />
rate of one part yearly, is advanced another stage by the appearance<br />
of part xiii. It consists of 56 pages of letterpress, and
THE BRITISH MOSS-FLORA. 351<br />
6 plates containing illustrations of 26 species ; and treats of 14<br />
genera. Upon comparing it with "Wilson's ' Bryologia Britannica,'<br />
Ave find a new genus and a new species added to the British Flora.<br />
The new genus is Nanomitrium Lindb., of the four species of which<br />
one only is found in Britain, .V. tenerum Lindb. [Phascum Bruch).<br />
This species is remarkable for having been found twice only,—at<br />
Niesky in Silesia, by Breutel, some sixty years ago, and at Hurst<br />
pierpoint, by Mitten, in 1854. The new species is Funaria microstoma<br />
Br. et Sch., occurring in Sussex and Hampshire.<br />
Entosthodon is united with Funaria, and constitutes a section<br />
of that genus. Funaria calcarea Wahlenb. includes F. hibernica<br />
Hook, as a synonym, and under it is given an account of the confused<br />
synonymy of F. 2Luehlmhergii and of Lindberg's attempt to<br />
put an end to it by re-naraing the species.<br />
Mielichhoferia nitida Hornsch.aud Orthodontium gracile Schwaegr.<br />
appear respectively as Oreas Mielichhoferi Brid. and Stableria<br />
gracilis Lindb. The genus of Bryacece which is commonly known<br />
as Webera must be looked for under Pohlia, the author having<br />
already employed the name HVAfra for Diplujscium in part x.<br />
It is to be regretted that a work of such costliness and<br />
beauty is not more carefully revised, e.g., on p. 110, at the end of<br />
the list of works quoted in reference to Splachnum sjihtEricum, after<br />
" Juratz." should be supplied the words " Laubm. oester.-ung. 234<br />
(1882)." Hampe's genus, which " Mr. Mitten unites with Mielichhoferia,"<br />
is not Haplomitrium, which is a genus of Hepatics, but<br />
Haplodontium. Leptohrgum tenuinerve is not one of Spruce's species,<br />
as one might be led to suppose by the text, but is No. 252 of<br />
Spruce's ' Musci Amazonici et Andini,' called by Lindberg (?) Leptubrgum<br />
tenuinerve. (There is in the Herbarium of the British<br />
Museum a specimen of this moss, received from Lindberg and<br />
named Leptobrgum angustinerve Lindb.) " L. robustum from Austraha"<br />
is also one of Lindberg's species. These, however, are but<br />
trifling errors, and do not detract fi'om the value of Dr. Braithwaite's<br />
work.<br />
The name Leptobrgum gives rise to an interesting speculation as<br />
to who was the real authority for that name, and for the combination<br />
Leptobrgum pgrij'onne. Lindberg and British authors, including<br />
Dr. Braithwaite, make Wilson the authority ; continental<br />
authors accept Schiraper. The names first appeared in the year<br />
1855,—in Wilson's 'Bryologia Britannica,' p. 219, and in Schimper's<br />
' Corollarium Bryologia? Europaeae,' p. 64. Wilson does not quote<br />
the author's name, which would lead one to believe that he<br />
originated the genus. Schimper, on the other hand, quotes<br />
himself as the author in the • Synopsis Muscorum Europ:uorum,'<br />
pp. 328, 329 (1860), and retains the claim in edition ii. pp. 389,<br />
390 (1876). The questions to be settled are two:— (1), whether<br />
Wilson's 'Bryologia' preceded Schimper's 'Corollarium,' or rice<br />
versa; and (2), whether Schimper invented the name and communicated<br />
it in MS. to Wilson, and the latter introduced it into<br />
his book without acknowledging its source. ^_ q
852<br />
Articles in Journals.<br />
Bot. Centralblatt (Nos. 40, 41). , Overton, ' Histologie &<br />
Pliysiologie der Cliaraceen.' — (Nos. 41-43).—K. Misclike, ' Ueber<br />
das Dickenwachstlium der Coniferen.'— (Nos. 42, 43). W. Migula,<br />
* Goniiim pectoraW (1 plate).<br />
Botanical Gazette (Sept. 15). — C. Warnstorf, 'N. American<br />
Sphagna.'<br />
Bot. Zeitunr] (Sept. 12 —Oct. 10). — J. Wortmann, 'Ueber den<br />
Nachweis, das Vorkommen und die Bedeutung des diastaticheu<br />
Enzyms in den Pilanzeu.'— /Sept. 19). A. Koch, ' Zur Kenntniss<br />
der Fiiden in den WurzelknoUchen der Leguminosen.' — (Oct. 17).<br />
A. Fischer, ' Ueber den Einfiuss der Schwerliraft auf die Schlafbewegungen<br />
der Blatter.'<br />
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club (Oct.). — E. L. Gregory, 'Manner of<br />
growth of Cell- wall ' (1 plate).— J. W. Eckfeldt, 'Lichens of United<br />
States.'—L. M. Underwood, ' Lejeuida Macounii Spruce, sp.n.'<br />
Gardeners' Chronicle (Oct. 4). — Sobralia Lowii Eolfe and S.<br />
Wihoniana Eolfe, spp. nn.— ^(Oct. 11). Barbacenia squamata (fig. 81).<br />
W. G. Smith, CUulosporinm orchidearum (fig. 82). — (Oct. 18).<br />
Hamanthus Lindeni N. E. Br., u. sp. (fig. 85). — (Oct. 27). Piniis<br />
MontezuoKB (figs. 91-94). Angrcecum Henriquesianum Eolfe, n. sp.<br />
Journal de Botanique (Aug. 16).— C. Sauvageau, ' Sur la feuille<br />
des Hydrocharidees marines.' . Hue, ' Lichens de Canisy.'<br />
(Sept. 1 & 16). A. Franchet, ' Plantes nouvelles du nord de la<br />
Chine.' — G. Poirault, ' Les Uredinees et leurs plantes nouricieres.'<br />
C. Sauvageau, ' Structure de la feuille des genres Halodule et<br />
Phyllospadix.' — (Oct. 1). H. Feer, ' Eecherches litteraires et<br />
synonymiques sur quelques Campanules.'<br />
Notarisia (dated Aug. <strong>31</strong> : received Oct. 29). — M. Mobius,<br />
'Algae brasilienses a cl. Glaziou collect®' (1 plate).— E. De Wildeman,<br />
' Sur la dispersion de Cephaleuros virescens et Phi/copeltis<br />
arundinacea.' — D. Levi Morenos, ' Sur revolution defensive de<br />
Diatomees en rapport avec la Diatomophagie des animaux<br />
aquatiques.'<br />
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift (Oct.).—A. v. Kerner, 'Die Bildung von<br />
Ablegern bei Seinperviviim & Sedum dasyphijllum.'— E. v. Wettstein,<br />
' Das Vorkommen der Picea Omorica in Bosnien.' — H. Zahn,<br />
' Carex jiava, Oederi, & LLornschuchiana und dereu Bastarde.'<br />
C. Baenitz, ' Cerastium Blyttii Baenitz.'— J. Freyn, ' Flora von<br />
Oesterreich-Ungarn.' — J. Wiesner, ' Versuch einer Erldarung des<br />
Wachsthums der Pflanzenzelle.'<br />
Scottish Naturalist (Oct.). — F. B. White, Willows of North-east<br />
Scotland.— J. W. H. Trail, ' JJredinecB and Ustikujinem of Scotland.'<br />
Id., 'Additions to list of Scotch Discomycetes.'
.i!:eS>
3o3<br />
THE LATE JAMES BACKHOUSE.<br />
(With Portrait.)<br />
By the death of James Backhouse on the <strong>31</strong>st August last at his<br />
residence, West Bank, York, Enghsh Botany has lost one of its<br />
most painstaking observers and accurate exponents. Born in York<br />
on the 22nd of October, 1825, he was educated at the Friends'<br />
School in Lawi-ence Street (since transferred to 20, Bootham,<br />
York), and from a young man inherited the taste for Natural<br />
History so strongly developed in his father. The latter, who bore<br />
the same name, was widely known as a prominent Minister of the<br />
Society of Friends, and for his long and important missionary<br />
journeys in the Southern Hemisphere in connection with that<br />
body. Here during his mission labours he collected many plants,<br />
especially from among the numerous and beautiful group of Filmy<br />
Ferns ; these he transmitted to his nursei'ies in York, where they<br />
have ever since been cultivated with singular success. These<br />
nurseries, the most important in the north of England, have been<br />
in existence for over a centux-y. Eighty years ago they were in the<br />
hands of the Telford family, who had conducted them for several<br />
generations in " The Friars' Gardens," but who subsequently<br />
yielded them up in favour of the (to them) more profitable<br />
occupation of whale fishery. They were then purchased by<br />
Thomas and James Backhouse, of Darlington, who, on the introduction<br />
of railways, removed them to Fishergate, and later still to<br />
their present site between Holgate and Acomb.<br />
For many years father and son followed their favourite pursuit,<br />
together exploring many of the more remote mountainous districts<br />
in the north of England, Scotland, and Wales. On the 20th of<br />
January, 1869, James Backhouse, sen., died. An interesting<br />
account of his life by Mr. J. G. Baker appeared in this Journal for<br />
that year. During a long period, therefore, it was impossible to<br />
separate the botanical work of the two James Backhouses. Their<br />
joint labour in the exploration of the remarkable flora of Teesdale<br />
is known to all English botanists. A paper in the handwriting<br />
of the late Mr, Backhouse has been placed in my hands, which<br />
gives in a rough chronological order the dates of their jouxuieys<br />
either alone or together, and the more important botanical<br />
discoveries which they made. Though too long to quote at length,<br />
it is of sufficient interest to justify me in inserting the following<br />
brief summary.<br />
The paper begins with a reference to a visit by James Backhouse,<br />
sen., to Castle Eden Dene in 1803, where he found<br />
Ci/pripediitni Calceuliis L. From this date to the year 1842 all the<br />
notes refer exclusively to his work, chiefly in Teesdale, which he<br />
first visited in 1810. The more noteworthy plants there found by<br />
him were Uelionthcmum marijolinm Mill, var. vineale Pers., Armaria<br />
verna L., Dri/cs ortopptala L., Potentilla fruticosfi L,, Sdxifrni/'i HirchIhs<br />
L, (Baulderstlale), Scilion rillosmn L., I'lpUobinin alsiiiifolium<br />
Vill., Gentiana verna L., and Woodda ilveiisis R. Br., which he first<br />
JowRNAL OF Botany,—Vol, 28, [DECKMnER. 1800.] 2 a
354 THE LATE JAMES BACKHOUSE.<br />
found in 1821; From 1843 to 18G5 the two Backhouses worked<br />
together. In the former year they discovered Highcup Scar,<br />
where Saxifraga nivalis L. was found ; and in the same year<br />
Veronicn trl/ihi/llos L. near Acomb, York, and Barharea stricta<br />
Andrz. on Thurne Moor. In 1845 they went to Scotland, and on<br />
the 24th of July first found Hieracium chrysanthum Backh. and<br />
Athyrituii flexile Syme in Glen Prosen. The summer of 1847 was<br />
devoted to Cumberland, where they discovered Saxifraga Hircitlus<br />
L. at Knock-ore-Gill, and Hieracium holosericeum Backh. on Glaramara.<br />
During a visit to the Spital of Glen Shee in 1848 they<br />
found ScKjina nivalis Fr. on Glas Mhiel, and Gnaphalium norvegicum<br />
Gunn., Gentiana nivalis L., Veronica saxatilis L., and Jiincus castaneus<br />
Sm. in Canlochen Glen. Here a crag adventure is alluded<br />
to, but no details are given. The summers of 1849 and 1850 were<br />
devoted to the Clova and Braemar districts ; it is unnecessary here<br />
to give a long list of the now well-known rarities that they found in<br />
these regions, except to quote the note, " Poa minor first ? " Norway<br />
was the subject of their explorations in 1851, where Mr. Backhouse<br />
painted a most remarkable picture showing the effects among the<br />
mountains of a total eclipse of the sun. The picture was completed<br />
from notes made on the spot, and is of great mterest. The spring<br />
of 1852 again found them in Teesdale, where on the 25th of May<br />
they discovered Myosotis alpcstris Schmidt for the first time in<br />
England. Their summer holiday was devoted to the exploration<br />
of Forfarshire and Aberdeenshire, and great Hieracium hunts<br />
in both the Clova and Cairngorm Mountains are especially alluded<br />
to. Among the more noteworthy plants mentioned a;re Cystopteris<br />
alpina Desv. var. Dickieana Milde, Poa loxa Haenke and P. stricta<br />
Lindb., Drosera anylica Huds., b. obovata M. & K., Arabls petraa rosea,<br />
and Lactuca ttlpina Bentham. In 1853, Gordale and Giggleswick<br />
Sears, near Settle, were explored, but no note is made as to what<br />
plants were found.<br />
Of a visit to Ireland in 1854 there are no particulars given<br />
beyond the record of their finding Hieracium iricum Fr. at Letterfrack.<br />
Cystopteris montana Bernh. was discovered in Canlochen<br />
Glen in 1855, and Ajuya pyramidalis L. was gathered in Sutherland<br />
in 1856. Saxlfraya Sternbergii Willd. was found in Cumberland in<br />
1857. Woodsia was collected on Craig Chaillach and the Killin<br />
Mountains in 1859, and reference is made to a "crag adventure<br />
with father and Thomas Westcombe." The Breadalbane Hills<br />
were again visited in 1861, when special mention is made of the<br />
occurrence of Cystopteris montana Bernh. on MaelG-hyrdy. Another<br />
exploration of Teesdale in the spring of 1862 revealed Viola<br />
arenarin DC. as a British plant, and the blue variety of Polyyala<br />
nmara Jacq. var. uUyinosa Fr. In 1868 Saxifraga ccespitosa L. was<br />
gathered on Twl Ddu, in North Wales, and a great hunt made for<br />
Trichnwdncs radicans Sw. Asplcnium. Uinceolatam Huds. was found<br />
at Portmadoc. James Backhouse, sen., made his last excursion to<br />
Wales in May, 1865, when IJoydia was gathered in flower on the<br />
crags of Ys Golion Duon, and " Cineraria nutritima" [Scnecio spathu-<br />
li/olius DC.) at Holyhead. In 1866, Teesdalia nudicauUs R. Br.,
THE LATE .TA^rKS RACKHOURK. 355<br />
Lychnis alpina L., and Aquilegia were gathered in Cumberland. In<br />
18fi9, Trirhomaiips radicans Sw. was gathered in Wales, and Ajnrin<br />
pyramidalis L., Putentillft frnticosa L., and Drijas octopetala L., "all<br />
in the Lake District." "Wales was again visited in 1871, when<br />
"two fresh patches of Trichonutnes in ... . station with T. Westcoiube<br />
and Theod ire " were found. Beyond 1871 this interesting<br />
record does not go. but no one can glance through the brief resume<br />
here given without realizing the extent and importance of the work<br />
accomplished for British field botany by the two Backhouses.<br />
In the numerous papers he wrote for the 'Phytologist'* and<br />
'Botanical Gazette,' vol. iii. p. 43, will be found graphic and<br />
interesting details concerning many of the above noteworthy<br />
discoveries.<br />
His knowledge of Scotland was so profound that on one occasion,<br />
when a prominent Scottish botanist was asked by a fellow-student<br />
whom he considered to have the best knowledge of Scotland<br />
botanically, he unhesitatingly named Mr. Backhouse. In North<br />
Wales, too, so careful was his search for the Killarney Fern that<br />
over many miles of country his knowledge extended to every stream.<br />
Mr. Backhouse's chief reputation as a botanist, however, will<br />
rest on his well-known ' Monograph of the British Hieracia,' published<br />
in 1856.<br />
to this critical<br />
Until that time but little attention had been given<br />
genus. Those only who have ma le a special study<br />
of such a genus can appreciate the difficulty of collecting, separating,<br />
and reducing to systematic order a mass of material of which so<br />
little was previously known. This book is a monument to the<br />
honest, accurate, and painstaking work of its author, no less than<br />
to his keen powers of perception, and ability to describe what he<br />
saw. There are here described no less than twelve new species, all<br />
of which have borne the test of severe criticism, and are now<br />
accorded a permanent place in our Flora.<br />
Although able to take long walks in the mountains, Mr. Backhouse<br />
was always more or less of an invalid. For this reason<br />
he visited little, and was personally known to but few botanists,<br />
though greatly beloved by all who had the privilege of his<br />
acquaintance. He showed at all times the keenest possible interest<br />
in his favourite studies, on which he conversed with great vivacity.<br />
Extreme accuracy characterized all his work, and the writer will<br />
never forget the minute directions he was able to give to insure the<br />
finding of some of his favourite plants, many of which he was in<br />
the habit of visiting year after year to a'^sure himself that they had<br />
not fallen a prey to the greedy collector.<br />
Botany, however, was by no means Mr. Backhouse's sole<br />
interest. The beautiful private museum attached to his house<br />
testifies to his varied tastes and knowledge. The fine geological<br />
collections from tiie caves he discovered and explored year after<br />
year in Upper Teesdale, togetlier with the antiquarian objects of<br />
interest from all parts of the world, will well repay a visit.<br />
* 'Phytologist,' IHin, pp. 422 nnfl r,70 ; 1H17. p. 1011; IHl'l, pp. Ill, Hr^,<br />
544; 1850, p. 76H ; 18.52, p. GOtJ ; 1H5H, p. 8U4; IHOI, p. 606 ; 1BG2, p. 30.<br />
2a2
356 HEPATIC^ OF LOUGHBBAY, CO. WICKLOW.<br />
It was not until late in life that he joined the JUinnean Society,<br />
of which he was elected Fellow on the 7th of May, 1885.<br />
To sketch the life of James Backhouse, however briefly, without<br />
mentioning his work in the development of the gardens at York<br />
would be to ignore one of its chief features. The marvellous<br />
imitation of an alpine glen in his private garden, with its miniature<br />
lake and waterfall, crags and bogs, is a delight to the thousands<br />
who visit it. His excellent knowledge of geology, and quick perception<br />
of what was essential in the natural surroundings of the<br />
various alpine plants made him a world-wide reputation as one of<br />
their most successful cultivators. It is outside the scope of this<br />
short paper to give any detailed account of the nurseries, covering<br />
about a hundred acres, which have undergone such a wonderful<br />
development of late years. There are some forty houses, mostly<br />
large, and of modern design. The underground ferneries, with<br />
their unparalleled collection of Hymenophyllams, Trichomanes, and<br />
Todeas, charm all who see them. An excellent description of these<br />
nurseries appeared only a few days before Mr. Backhouse's death<br />
in an American paper, ' Garden and Forest,' for August 20th, 1890,<br />
and is well worthy the perusal of all those interested in horticultural<br />
subjects.<br />
In politics Mr. Backhouse was a Liberal, and took special<br />
interest in the causes of temperance and international peace. A<br />
pamphlet from his pen, ' Is war lawful for the Christian?' has had<br />
a considerable circulation. Though in failing health for many<br />
years, his comparatively early death was greatly hastened by<br />
striking his head through a fall on some ice near his own gate.<br />
Whilst better at times, he never really recovered from this<br />
accident, and for the last year and a half was unable to continue<br />
his correspondence with the writer on his favourite plants. He<br />
leaves a widow, a daughter, and a son, James Backhouse, who now<br />
carries on the business, and has already made his mark as an<br />
ornithologist.<br />
The ' Yorkshire Daily Chronicle ' thus concludes a brief notice<br />
written the day after his death :— " The city of York has lost a<br />
citizen of accurate scientific knowledge, and a man of Christian<br />
character, whose cultured mind, poetic and artistic tastes, combined<br />
with remarkably simple and unassuming manners, had endeared<br />
him to many who will long cherish his memory."<br />
Frederick J. Hanbury.<br />
HEPATICjE of LOUGHBKAY, CO. WICKLOW.<br />
By David McArdle.<br />
Loughbray is twelve miles south by west from Dublin on the<br />
north-east side of Kippure Mountain. Although the name is<br />
generally used in the singular number, there are two small lakes<br />
called Upper and Lower ; the smaller or upper lake is at an elevation<br />
of 1453 ft. above sea-level and 228 ft. higher than the lower
HEPATICa: OF LOUGHBRAY, CO. WICKLOW. 857<br />
one. Both are interesting to the geologist, affording a remarkable<br />
instance of a glacial moraine dam ; and enormous boulder stones of<br />
granite, many tons in weight, lie scattered about, and give evidence<br />
of former existence of<br />
tains to the sea.<br />
the ice-force as it descended from the moun-<br />
It is the exposed part of the mountain which borders the upper<br />
lake for upwards of two miles that presents to the hepaticist such<br />
a rich field for investigation (only equalled for its size by Killarney),<br />
which forms the subject of this notice. It has been the favourite<br />
resort of many bryologists. Taylor, in 'Flora Hibernica,' mentions<br />
five species of liverworts from this locality. The late lamented<br />
Dr. Moore frequently collected cryptogams here, and in 1873, with<br />
the late Professor Lindberg, paid it a searching visit, with the<br />
result, amongst others, of a very small quantity of the rare Xardia<br />
sphucelata being collected by Lindberg, which had not previously<br />
been detected in Ireland, and which he included in his ' Hepaticfe in<br />
Hibernia mense, Julii 1878, lectfe,' wherein he states that Dr. Moore<br />
had collected it there in 18G9. We have no doubt that it lurks<br />
amongst his specimens of Xardia emari^inata and N, couipressa,<br />
collected by him in that year, a portion of which he sent to Professor<br />
Lindberg. My own collecting of liverworts and mosses in this<br />
locality extends over some years, often with Dr. Moore, and other<br />
able bryologists. In July, 1887, w^hen collecting there with Mr. F.<br />
W. Moore, he gathered a plant which I had no difiiculty in referring<br />
to Xardia sphacelata, and it is interesting to note that it should fall<br />
to the lot of Dr. Moore's son to verify the station for this rare<br />
plant. Later in the season, Mr. Scully and I returned to the place<br />
where he stated it was growing, and gathered it in abundance and<br />
in fruit, associated with Xardia compressa and ^\ emarginata. They<br />
quite carpetted a large rock over which the water more or less<br />
trickles, and in winter time would form part of the bed of a mountain<br />
stream. We distributed a portion of it to good authorities,<br />
who stated that they had not seen it in a fertile state before, owing<br />
probably to its dioecious habit. Its geographical distribution is<br />
northwards through Scotland, Greenland, Finland, and Switzerland;<br />
it is also reported from America, on the Catskill Mountains, New<br />
York (Dr. P. Cleve), and on the Alleghanies (Sullivant).<br />
It will be obvious from the appended list that most of the plants<br />
collected at Upper Loughbray are of a Scandinavian type. I<br />
therefore sent all those which there could be any possible doubt<br />
about to Mr. Errick Nyman, of Linkoping, Sweden, an accomplished<br />
student of the late Prof. Lindberg, who had the assistance<br />
of Messrs. Kaurin and Kaalaas, two excellent Scandinavian and<br />
Norwegian bryologists, to all of whom I tender my grateful tlianks.<br />
Amongst my specimens of Crphalozia a small quantity of C.<br />
leuaintha Spruce was detected, but I have failed to find any more<br />
in the same packet; and a second portion, which I sent to Dr.<br />
Spruce, only gave very young slender shoots of C. bicusi>idata,<br />
which may possibly have been mistaken for it. It has been<br />
gathered in Scotland, and it will be interesting for some energetic<br />
collector to verify the station, as in the case of Xardia sphacelata.
358 HEPATIC.E OF LOUGHBRAY, CO. WICKLOW.<br />
Dr. Spruce says the true plant has very small leaves, minute cells,<br />
and for its size enormously long slender perianths.<br />
In the following list, which is provisional only, I have enumerated<br />
67 species, forming a large percentage of the whole 146 species<br />
known to inhabit Ireland, all collected within the distance of two<br />
miles. Six of these are new to the county of Wicldow ; they are<br />
FriUlania frajili/ulia, Melius anomalus, ilmu/ermania [Lopliozia)<br />
exsecta, J. intermedia, J. incisa, and J. j^orphyroleuca. 'Loughbray<br />
is a new locality for the following fom" : Cej)halozia curvifoiia,<br />
Kantia arguta, J. [Aplozia) crenulata, and Jungermania nana.<br />
Marchantia j^olymoiyha L. Plentiful on moist banks (seldom<br />
found fertile).<br />
Conocephalus cornicus Neck. Abundant in damp shaded places,<br />
on the banks of streams forming large masses, fruiting in spring.<br />
Frallania dilatata Dumort. Plentiful on the trunks of trees and<br />
on wet rocks. — F. fragilifolia Tayl. On the trunks of Alder, and<br />
also firmly attached to the wet rocks, and amongst Flagiotheciitm<br />
dcgnns, D. McA., July, 1887. Leaves of a dull purple colour, very<br />
convex, and from their narrow insertion readily detached on<br />
pressure; auricles oblong, helmetlike; under leaves (stipules)<br />
ovate and bifid at the apex ; margin plane. F. Tamarisci Dumort.<br />
Plentiful on the smooth bark of trees, spreading in large patches.<br />
Var. rubusta [3^ ster.), S. 0. Lindberg, 1873. — F, germana Tayl.<br />
On moist rocks and on the trunks of moss-covered trees ;<br />
plentiful.<br />
Often passed over for the preceding, from which it differs in its<br />
large size, light brown colour, involucral bracts entire, leaves<br />
wanting the line of moniliform cells, which are so obvious across<br />
the leaves of F. tamarisci.<br />
Fuidula cumplanata Dumort. On trunks of trees and rocks ;<br />
common.<br />
Porella JcBvigata Liudb. Plentiful and very fine on wet rocks.<br />
P. Thvja Tayl. On rocks and stones.<br />
Pleurozia cochleari/oniiis Dumort. Plentiful in damp boggy<br />
places amongst the heather.<br />
Lcpidozia rcptans Dumortier, Hook. Plentiful in damp shady<br />
places.— L. cujnessiiia Dumort.<br />
Uazzania trilobata B. Gray, In rocky places ; not in such<br />
abundance as it is found in the South and West of Ireland. A<br />
\vell-marked plant, easily known by the large quadrate under leaves,<br />
which are wider than the stem.<br />
Cephaluzia Sphagni Spruce. Plentiful amongst Sphngnums<br />
and olher mosses in damp places. — C. elaclnata Lindb. On damp<br />
banks ; rare. Dr. Lindberg, 1873 ; D. McA., 1887-88.— r. bicuspt-<br />
(/(/^/ Dumort. On shady banks; common. \nv. uliginosa Nees,<br />
Eur. Leberm. ii. 253 ; Jnngennamiia Lam e rsiana iixxhw. Hep. Germ.<br />
165; J. binispidata E. Bot. t. 2239. Swampy places amongst<br />
Sphagnums, margins of streams, and amongst the fronds of Pellia.<br />
Dr. Spruce states that this can hardly be considered more than the<br />
dioecious and perfect form of ( '. biritspidata. Whether species, sub-<br />
species, or variety, it is most easily to distinguish from C. bicttspi-
HEPATIC^ OF LOUGHBRAY, CO. V\^CKLOW. 359<br />
data by its much larger size, tufted growth, dioecious inflorescence,<br />
and the female flowers terminating long branches. — C. curvifolia<br />
Dumort. On "rotting trunks; very rare in this part of Ireland.<br />
D. McA. & F. W. M., 1879. — C. amnirens Dicks. Damp shady<br />
places on wet peat-moss and decayed wood, and mixed with the<br />
larger Hepatica; : rare or overlooked. — Var. a, confertu minor. On<br />
decayed wood, Dr. Moore.—Var. /3, spliaf/norum Hook. — C. cattint-<br />
lata Huben. In damp shady places on decayed wood.—Var. pallida<br />
Spruce. On rotting wood and turfy banks ; rare. This form is<br />
new to the Irish Flora, D. McA., 1879.<br />
Lnphocolea bidentata Dumort. Plentiful on damp banks and<br />
decayed wood.<br />
Harpanthits sciitatus Spruce. On moist ground, and on damp<br />
shady rocks, in dense compact tufts. Stems a quarter of an inch<br />
in leijgth, filiform ; apex ascending, rarely branched ; rootlets<br />
numerous, white, proceeding from the bases of the under leaves,<br />
which are conspicuous, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, and slightly<br />
toothed at the base, connected by one side with the adjoining leaf ;<br />
leaves imbricated, smaller at the apex and base of shoots, distant<br />
below, secund, connivent towards the apex, roundish, ovate, concave,<br />
sharply bidentate, sinus lunate, margins entire, the dorsal<br />
decurrent for a short distance; of a pale olive colour. On moist<br />
a rare and local j)lant.<br />
banks and amongst mosses ;<br />
Kantia trichowanes B. Gray. Common on wet shady banks<br />
rare in fruit. K. anjuta Lindb. On wet banks amongst ISphaijnum,<br />
D. McA., 1878.<br />
Saccogyna viticulosa Dumort. Plentiful in damp places.<br />
TrichonAfa toninitella Dumort. Dr. Moore, Jide Carrington in<br />
Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. vii. p. 453. This has not been found amongst<br />
our numerous gatherings in this locality.<br />
Herherta aduiica Dicl
360 HEPATIC^ OF LOUGHBRAY, CO. WiCKLOW.<br />
Placjinchila asplenioides Dumort. Plentiful on damp banks.<br />
P.spinulosa Dumort. Plentiful in woods and on damp banks.<br />
Mijlia Taylori B. Gray. On damp ground, in targe patches.<br />
— M. anomala B. Gray. Considered by many hepaticists a<br />
doubtful species, and closely allied to the former. Dr. Carrington<br />
states the cells are of a different form from those in M. Taylori, and<br />
contain fusciform corpuscles, and we have observed, amongst other<br />
differences, that it wants the papillose character of the outer cellwall,<br />
so obvious in M. Taylori. Hab. Amongst Sphagnum, D. McA.<br />
& P. W. M,, 1889. We have gathered the same plant on Brandon<br />
Mountain, Kerry, in 1881.<br />
Jumjermania crenulata Sm. Abundant by the roadside, D. McA.<br />
& R. W. S., 1889.—Var. gracillima Hook. Abundant ; often mixed<br />
with the preceding. Dr. Moore states that at Westaston, Co.<br />
Wicklow, this variety is abundant,<br />
grows with it. — J. pumila With.<br />
and none of the true crenulata<br />
In the crevices of damp rocks<br />
near streams, Dr. Moore. J. sphoerocarpa Hook. Abundant on wet<br />
rocks and on the margin of the lake, on the damp bank among<br />
stones. J. riparia Tayl. J. nana Nees. Stems csespitose, from a<br />
quarter to half an inch high ; innovations arising below the apex,<br />
slender, terete ;<br />
larger; perianth obtuse, plicate, quadrangular; vnonih four -toothed,<br />
capsule globose. On wet banks near streams ; apparently a rare<br />
plant in Ireland, and closely allied to J. crenulata and rjracillima.—<br />
cells large, pellucid, those of the margin somewhat<br />
J. Dlcksoni Hook. On rocks and moist banks, very rare ; single<br />
stems only {Dr. Moore). The re-discovery of this plant in this or<br />
any other locality would be interesting.—
NEW STATIONS OF IRISH PLANTS. 36l<br />
and more rigid, more branched, more densely foliaceous, and here<br />
and there flexuose ; leaves more spreading and rigid ; cells twice<br />
the size and thickened, generally highly coloured. Dr. Lindberg<br />
states that this form is intermediate between the typical form of the<br />
species and its variety Carritujtoni.—N. obovata Carrington. Moist<br />
rocks and on damp banks. — N. Injalina Carrington. Moist banks<br />
and by the sides of streamlets in rocky places ; rare. Dr. Moore.<br />
D. McA. & F. W. M., 1887.<br />
Pallnvicinia hihernica B. Gray. Marshy bank amongst Sphagnum;<br />
rare. A well-marked plant, differing from the following<br />
in wanting the true nerve possessing ligneous fibres, and having<br />
one the substance of which does not differ essentially from the rest<br />
of the frond ; it is a larger plant, branched in a remarkable dichotomous<br />
manner, not unlike Metzijeria furcata.— P. LyeUii B. Gr.<br />
Boggy places ; bank by the margin of a stream ; rare. Dr. Taylor.<br />
D. McA., 1887.<br />
Pcllia epiphijlla Corda. Abundant on the margins of streams<br />
and damp ground.—P. culycina Tayl. On moist shady banks and<br />
on stones ; rare.<br />
Metzgeria furcata Dumort. On the trunks of trees and decayed<br />
wood.<br />
Pdccardia multijida B. Gr. On wet boggy places ; plentiful.<br />
Var. pianutijida Damort. In wet boggy places; plentiful. — R.<br />
pinguis B. Gr. Damp boggy places ; often submerged.<br />
NEW STATIONS OF IRISH PLANTS.<br />
By Cecil Butler, M.A.<br />
The following is a list of plants which I gathered this year in<br />
the neighbourhood of Castlebellingham, Co. Louth. I have to<br />
thank Mr. A. G. More for looking over them with a view to<br />
recording them in the next edition of the ' Cybele Hibernica '<br />
and I am also obliged to Mr. Arthur Bennett for naming Potainogeton<br />
ohUisi/uUiis and Allium carinattim for me.<br />
Ranunculus iicnivillntm Hiern. Plentiful in Eiver Glyde. — R.<br />
Linqua L. Plentiful in Ardee Bog, and also in a bog locally known<br />
as '"'The Glack."<br />
Papaver Argemune L. A few plants on waste ground by sea-<br />
shore.<br />
Sinapis nigra L. Rough ground by sea near Dunany.<br />
Drosera anglica Huds, Plentiful in Ardee Bog.<br />
Sitcne anglica L. and S. noctijlora L. Plentiful in sandy corn-<br />
fields by the sea.<br />
Stellarid gluuca With. Glack.<br />
Geranium columbinum L. A few plants. — U , pyrenaicum L.<br />
Plentiful.
362 THK GENUS XYSMALOBITIM.<br />
Trifolium arvense L. Sparingly at Clogber Head. T. hybridum<br />
L. Cotmuon in fields.<br />
Valerianella Auricula Dietr. In corn-fields by the sea.<br />
Sihjbum Marianurn Gaertn. lioad-side.<br />
Cuscuta Trifolii Bab. Clover-field.<br />
CynoglusfiUm officinale L. Waste places by sea-sbore.<br />
Mertensia maritima Don. Sparingly on shores of Dundalk Bay.<br />
Hyoscyamus tiiger L. Sea-shore.<br />
Orobanche HedercB Duby. Plentiful in Castle Woods. 0. minor<br />
L. In same field "with Ctiscuta Trifolii. The farmer did not know<br />
the name of either plant, but said they both appeared in his fields<br />
about three years ago. They are plentiful there now.<br />
Utricularia minor L. Ardee Bog and Flack.<br />
Oldone portulacoides Moq. Salt-marsh.<br />
Hydrocharis Morsxis-ravce L. Plentiful.<br />
Anacharis Ahinastrum Bab. Pond at Barmeath.<br />
Kpipactis palus^.tris L. Marshy ground.<br />
ALIiuiH. carinatum L. (Fries). A dozen or more plants growing<br />
on a grassy bank near Maine House, 1^ mile from Castlebellingham.<br />
There used to be a garden next the bank, but it was ploughed up in<br />
1880, and the field has been arable land ever since ; so the Allium<br />
seems to be naturalized now, though it might have been cultivated<br />
once. There may be more plants, as I did not search the ground<br />
carefully. I have not observed it elsewhere in the district.<br />
Juncus ohtusifloriis Ehrh. Marshy ground near the sea.<br />
Potamogeton obtiisi/olius Mert. & Koch. Flack.<br />
Cladium Meniscus R. Br. Marshy ground.<br />
Carex extensa Good. Salt-marsh at Clogher Head.<br />
'o'<br />
The three following I have found in other districts :<br />
Viola lutea Huds. Dry grassy top of Dunmurry Hill, Co. Kildare,<br />
1887.<br />
Geuni rivale L. Damp woods at Rathaugan, Co. Kildare, 1887.<br />
Atriplex arenaria Woods. Sea-shore near Newcastle, Co. Down,<br />
1890.<br />
THE GENUS XYSMALUBWM.<br />
By G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
This small genus is closely related to Gompilocarpus, and<br />
may be regarded as an offshoot from the section Paclu/carpiis.<br />
The eleven species represented in the Kew and British Museum<br />
Herbaria show a very interesting distribution. None are (so<br />
far as one can judge from the imperfect Libels of most collectors)<br />
found in the di-y south-western part of Cape Colony, or<br />
in the arid plains of the Karroo ; but the mountain-summits of<br />
Cafi'raria, the table-land of the Transvaal, Basutoland, Griqualand<br />
East, Natal, Zululand, aud the Shire Highlands are all inhabited<br />
by one or more of the wide-ranging species. Two species are
THE GENUS XYS^fALOBlUM. 363<br />
confined to Natal, two to Angola, and two to detached mountains<br />
of the eastern district (Winterberg and Stoekenstrom). The geiaus<br />
may therefore have arisen from some Gonijiltocar/tas of the southern<br />
part of the Central African table-land, and thence spread southwards<br />
as far as Port Elizabeth, and westward as far as Angola. The<br />
following key may be of use in distinguishing the species :<br />
A. Leaves ovate, with revolute margins,<br />
a. Leaves glabrous ; peduncle short.<br />
Gynostegiura shorter than the anthers 1. paili/olium.<br />
Gynostegium as long as the anthers . 2. con/usum.<br />
b. Leaves sparsely hairy ; peduncle short.<br />
Leaves twice as long as broad ... 3. parviflorum.<br />
Loaves thrice as long as broad . . 4. (ieirardi.<br />
c. Peduncle 3 cm. or more in length . . 5. pedunculatiun.<br />
B. Leaves elongate-lanceolate, tapering very<br />
gradually from a broad base, with crisped<br />
undulate margin (except 9).<br />
Petals bearded with long chaft'y hairs. 6. undulatum.<br />
Petals bearded with short silvery hairs 7. Stuckemtrumense.<br />
Petals not distinctly bearded ... 8. (jumi)hocarpuides.<br />
Gynostegium much longer than the<br />
anthers 9. (mgolcnse.<br />
C. Leaves linear-lanceolate.<br />
Margin of leaf scabrid 10. involucratum.<br />
Margin of leaf not scabrid .... 11. Hulubii.<br />
1. X. PADiFOLiUM. Gomiyliocarpus padi/oliiis Baker (Eefug.<br />
Botan. t. 254). " Itshongwe," native name. Natal : Port<br />
Natal, Gueinzlus ! Near Verulam, Wood 912 ! Gerrard 1284<br />
Inanda, Wood 1254 ! Umhlongwe, April, 1884, Wood 3013 !<br />
Zululand : Ungoya, alt. 1000 ft.. May 5, 1887, Wood 3924!<br />
From<br />
From<br />
Kaffraria: On hills, Bazija, alt. 2000 ft., Baur 819! Shire<br />
Highlands :<br />
Blantyre, Last !<br />
2. X. confusum, n. sp. Stem stout, somewhat fleshy, and<br />
bifariously hairy. Leaves elliptic-ovate, retuse, apiculate ; margin<br />
denticulate and thickened. Peduncles or short. Bracts<br />
small, subulate. Pedicels 7-15. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acute,<br />
almost as long as the petals. Petals ovate, subacute, with reflex<br />
margins. Corona-scales, viewed from without, broadly obovate<br />
(the tip and sides towards their buses are really doubled inwards),<br />
and rising to about half the height of the anthers. Anthers very<br />
sliort, not overtopping the gynostegium. Leaves 5-15 cm. long,<br />
2-0 cm. broad. Pedicels 1-5 cm. long. Flowers about 1 cm. long<br />
and 8 nnn. in diameter. — Natal, Mrs. Saunders I Gerrard 1282 !<br />
Inanda, Woad 1103 !<br />
3. X. parviflorum Ilarv. MS. Stem sparsely and roughly<br />
hairy. Leaves ovate or triangular-ovate, acute or acuminate,<br />
sliortly i)etiolate, sparsely hairy, margin revolute. Peduncles<br />
longer than pedicels (8-10-flowered). Sepals lanceolate, acute,
364 THE GENUS XYSMALOBIUM.<br />
apiculate, and (as the petals) hairy externally. Petals broadly<br />
ovate, obtuse, not bearded. Corona- scales ligulate, longer than<br />
the gynostegium. Leaves 2-4 cm. long, 1-5-2 cm. broad. Peduncles<br />
2-3 cm. Pedicels under 1 cm. Mowers 4-5 mm. long, and<br />
6 mm. in diameter. — Natal : Gerrard 1288 ! Dingle Farm, Mrs.<br />
Fannen\ Wienen, 3-5000 ft., 5;
THE GENUS XYSMALOBIUM 865<br />
Scrubby slopes of Lushington Mtn., near Stockenstrom, Dec. 1884,<br />
Sculli/ 169<br />
9. X. angolense, n.sp. Root tuberous. Stem striate, at first very<br />
pubescent, eventually almost glabrous. Leaves elongate-lanceolate,<br />
subhastate at base, slightly glaucous below, margin subrevolute and<br />
denticulate. Peduncles and pedicels shortly hairy. Umbel 6-16-<br />
flowered. Sepals pale yellow (teste Welwitsch), lanceolate-ovate,<br />
subglandular at apex. Petals pink (sordide violacei, Welwitsch),<br />
shorter than the sepals, slightly bearded within, ovate, obtuse,<br />
emarginate, united below to the gynostegium. Corona-scales ovate,<br />
triangular, obtuse. Gynostegium much longer than the anthers<br />
(which distinguishes this species from all others). Leaves 10-16 cm.<br />
long, 2 cm. broad ; petiole 3 mm. Peduncles 2 cm. and pedicels<br />
1-2 cm. long. Sepals 7-8 mm. Flowers 1 cm. in diameter.<br />
Huilla, 14°-1G° lat. austr. : in pascuis humidis de Catumba versus<br />
Ohai, Jan. Febr. 1860, Welwitsch 4171 ! freq. in paludosis juxta<br />
rivulas prope Huilla et Humpata, Welwitsch 4170 !<br />
10. X. iNvoLucRATUM Dcuc. in DC. Prod. viii. 519. — Eastern<br />
Districts and Natal, common. Albany, Macowan 654! Cooper 472!<br />
2736! Ze>iher\ Riet fontein, 25 Oct. 1813, BurchellAUll Kreili's<br />
Country, ;ioH'/c(?r ! Bazija, Nov., alt. 2-2500 ft., Baurm^l Mrs.<br />
Barber 36 ! 83 ! In graminosis clivis montis Carrie, Griqualand<br />
East, Dec, 5000 ft., Tyson Herb. Norm. 546 ! Natal, Inanda,<br />
Wood 364 ! Sanderson 373 ! Gerrard 1801 ! Mooi Eiver, alt. 4000<br />
ft., 28 Dec, Wood 4063 !<br />
11. X. Holubii, n. sp. Root woody, tuberous (secondary roots<br />
also tuberous). Stem finally nearly glabrous, at first crisply hairy.<br />
Leaves rather fleshy, subcylindrical, not scabrid at margin, linearelongate.<br />
Umbels pedunculate, 25-30 flowered. Bracts ligulate.<br />
Sepals not half as long as petals, concave, eventually reflex. Petals<br />
(albido lilacini, Welwitsch) reflex, lanceolate-ovate, subacute. Coronascales<br />
short, peltately affixed, circular at base, with minute alternate<br />
squamellte. Gynostegium narrowest at base of anthers, subcylindrical.<br />
Capsule elongate, fusiform, glabrous. Leaves 10-20 cm.<br />
long, and 3 mm. broad. Peduncles 1 cm. ; pedicels 5-6 mm. long.<br />
Petals 3 mm. long. — Leshumo Valley, Ilohth ! Huilla, in colUbus<br />
dumetosis herbidisque rarior propo Lopollo, Dec. 1859, Welwitsch<br />
4175!<br />
Excluded Species.<br />
X. (jrandifiorum Br. = Pachij^ms fjrandiflorus E. Mey.<br />
The following species are unknown to me :<br />
A'. Ileiideliitidnuin Dene, in DC. Prod. viii. p. 520.<br />
X. sessile Dene., id. p. 519.<br />
X. ! liwjuajorme Harv. MS. ; Journ. Linn. Soc. xiii. 50.<br />
X. prunclloides Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. xxi. 255<br />
(1848).
366<br />
INTEODUCED PLANTS IN WEST CORNWALL.<br />
By W. Roberts.<br />
The plants in the following list nearly all occur, or have<br />
occurred, within a few yards of one another on a barren piece of<br />
ground known as the Eastern Green, which borders the railwaycutting<br />
between Penzance and Marazion, and fringes the beach.<br />
Within a mile, in a direct line inland, is situated an extensive flour<br />
mill, which receives large cargoes of wheat from ports in America,<br />
from Dantzic, from the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, and from<br />
Egypt and India. As the corn is winnowed on the Eastern Green,<br />
and as in the nature of things it inevitably contains a greater or<br />
lesser percentage of the seeds of various weeds, it is only natural<br />
that some of this "chaff" falls on su.itable soil and springs into<br />
growth.<br />
In most cases their life is brief, and in very few instances do<br />
they appear a second year. They rarely give one the impression<br />
of being typical specimens. The climate in the first place, the<br />
station in the second, and the fact that the ground is already<br />
densely occupied with vegetable growth of a vigorous character in<br />
the third, are fatal elements to the acclimatisation of weakly corn-<br />
field denizens. The plants in question appear, for the most part,<br />
to thrive only under special circumstances, although the geographical<br />
distribution of nearly every one is wide. DeCandolle, in<br />
his ' Geographie Botanique Raisonnee,' tells us that it is not so<br />
much a total annual average amount of heat that a plant requires<br />
to enable it to vegetate, to flower, or to ripen its seed, as that this<br />
heat shall never descend below or ascend above certain extremes,<br />
and that it shall remain within those limits for a sufficient length<br />
of time for the completion of these operations, a period of time<br />
which may be shortened or lengthened according to the greater or<br />
less intensity of the heat received by the plant within the above<br />
limits. This exactly defines the position of the colony of additions<br />
to the Flora of West Cornwall. The absence of extremes—heat<br />
and cold—is fatal to their welfare. It is also an interesting fact to<br />
note that nearly the whole of these additions are normally of<br />
annual duration, so that the chances are materially increased<br />
against self-propagation.<br />
I am indebted to a local botanist, Mr. W. A. Glasson, for a<br />
complete list, and also for specimens : the names have been verified<br />
by Mr. N. E. Brown. The "Eastern Green" and the neighbourhood<br />
which terminates at one point with the Marazion marshes is<br />
peculiarly rich in its flora, and during the past half-century the<br />
late John Ralfs noticed and recorded the names of several plants<br />
to which, regarding as aliens, he paid very little attention. Mr.<br />
Glasson began his observations in the summer of 1885, when he<br />
found Sap'inaria Vaccaria, which had been observed near the Logan<br />
Rock ui 1878 by Dr. Eraser ; the next species, which had also been<br />
observed before, was Erhinoxpennum Lappidn, and, finding these two<br />
plants, Mr. Glasson was led to pay close attention to the district.
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OK MALVKaC. 367<br />
CrucifeR/E.—Ahjssiim campestre, A. incanum, Sisi/mhrmm altissimum,<br />
S. pannonicum, S. Loeselii, S. orientale, Brnssica juncea,<br />
Eruca sativu, Lepidium perfoliatum, L.viqiinianiun, Nedia paniculata,<br />
Rapistnim orientale.<br />
CARYOPHYLLEiE. Sapoitaria Vaccaria, Silene Fahana, S. dichotoma.<br />
Malvace.e.—Mdlva borealis.<br />
Leguminos.e. — Trvjonella Fienwn-fircecum, T. polycerata, T.<br />
ceerulea, Medicaijo prucuinhens, Cicer arietinum, Vicia villosa, Ervum<br />
Lens, Ldthyrus sativus.<br />
Umbellifer.e.—Ammi majm, Orlaya fjrandiflora.<br />
RuEiACE.E. Aspenila arvensis.<br />
Composite.—Ambrosia artemisiafolia, Xanthium spinosum, Madia<br />
racemosa, Anthemis Chamomilla, A. aliissima, A. clavata, A. rutheitica,<br />
A. Neilreichii, A. incrasaata, Artemisia scopari(t, Xeranthemum cijlindraceum,<br />
Centaurea diffusa, C. melitensis.<br />
PoLEJiONiACEiE. GUia capit.ata, G. acJiillecBfolia.<br />
BoRAGiNEiE. Echinospermuiii j)atulum, Amsiuckiu bjcopsioides, A.<br />
angustifulia.<br />
Plantagine^.— Plantago arenaria.<br />
Amarantace^.—Amarantus Blitwn.<br />
Chenopodiace.e.—Chenopodium aristatum.<br />
Cannabine^e.— Cannabis sativa.<br />
LiLiACE^. Asphodelus Jistulosus.<br />
Gramine.e.—Fanicum capillare, Koeleria phleoidex, Bromus arduennensis,<br />
Lolium sicuhan, Secale cereale, ^ijilops caudata.<br />
In addition to the foregoing, Mr. Glasson's two lists include the<br />
following plants, which are indigenous to, or have heen naturalised<br />
in, other parts of Great Britain, but which do not belong properly<br />
to the flora of West Cornwall: Erysimum orientale, Lepidium<br />
campestre, L. ruderale, Sisymbrium Irio, S. Sophia, Camelina sativa,<br />
Linum usitatissimiim. Geranium pusillum, Vicia lathyroides, Caucalis<br />
daucuides, Centaurea solstitialis, Hypuchceris maciilata, Anayallis<br />
carulea, Echinospermiim Lappula, Lynum barbatum, Agrostis spica-<br />
venti, Poa alpina, P. nemoralis, Alopecuras agrestis, Bromus uiadri-<br />
tensis, B. arvensis, and Hordeum pratense.<br />
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVEJ^.<br />
By Edmund G. Baker, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. 343.)<br />
Malva L.<br />
Species non satis notce,<br />
Malva BerteronidUd Steud. in Flora, 185G, p. 437<br />
M. r.nrydna DC. Prod. i. )). IHS.<br />
^L lirasiliensis Dcsrous ; DC. Prod. i. p. 433.<br />
M. brevipes Pliil. Anales Univ. (1870). ii. p. 1G3.<br />
M. campanuloides Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1G70.
368 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALTEJE.<br />
M. cognata Sfceud. in Flora, 1856, p. 425.<br />
M. cordistipula Steud. in Flora, 1856, p. 425.<br />
M. hibiscoides Desrous ; DC. Prod. i. p. 435.<br />
M. horrida Span, in Linnsea, xv. p. 168.<br />
M. incana Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 121.<br />
M. paUKjonica Niederl. Bot. Expedic. Eio Negro, p. 196.<br />
M. peduncularis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Misc. iii. p. 150.<br />
M. pinnatipartita St. Hil. & Naud. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xviii. p. 46.<br />
M. poli/antha Steud. in Flora, 1856, p. 426.<br />
M. ptanniccBfolia St. Hil. & Naud. Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. 2, xviii. p. 46.<br />
M. pulchra Boj. Hort. Maurit. p. 25.<br />
M. tenella Cav. ; DC. Prod. i. p. 433.<br />
M. tomentosa L. ; DC. Prod. i. p. 430.<br />
M. trionoides DC. Prod. i. p. 433.<br />
Species exclusa.<br />
M. abutiloides L. = SphcBralcea nbiUiloides Endl.<br />
M. acaulis Cav. = Malvastnim acaule A. Gray.<br />
M. acerifolia Nutt. =^ Spharalcea acerifolia Nutt.<br />
M. albens E. Mey. = Malvastnim albens Harv.<br />
M. ameiicana Cav. = Malvastnim tricuspidatwn A. Gray.<br />
M. americana L. = Malvastnim spicatum A. Gray.<br />
<strong>31</strong>. awoena Drege = Malvastnim grossiilancefolmm. Gray & Harv.<br />
M. amoena Sims = Malvastnim calycinum Garcke.<br />
3[. anfjiisti/olia Cav. = SphcBralcea angustifolia St, Hil.<br />
M. anomala Link. & Otto. = Sphceralcea elegans Don.<br />
M. anomala E. & Z. = Sphceralcea elegans Don.<br />
M. antofagastana Phil. = Malvastnim antofagastamim.<br />
M. arborea Webb = Lavatera arborea L.<br />
M. asperrima Jacq. = Malvastnim asperrimum Garcke.<br />
M. asperrima E. & Z. == Malvastnim dissectum Harv.<br />
M. asterocarpa Steud. = Malvastnim.<br />
M. astrolasia Zipp. = Malvastnim spicatum A. Gray.<br />
M. aurantiaca Sclieele = Malvastnim Wrightii Walp.<br />
M. balsamica Jacq. = Mahastnim capense Garcke, var.<br />
M. Behnana Schleclit. = Lavatera plebeia Sims.<br />
M. Belloa Gay = Malvastnim Belloa.<br />
M. betiilina Desrous :^= Malvustram.<br />
M. betuloides Scbrad. = Malvastnim.<br />
M. bifiura Desrous = Malvastrum.<br />
M. bonariensis Cav. = Spharalcea bonariensis Griseb.<br />
M. borbonica Willd. = Malvastnim triciispidatum A. Gray.<br />
M. brachystachya F. v. Muell. = Malvastrum spicatum A. Gray.<br />
M. bryoncBfulia Drege = Malvastrum grossularicB/oliian Gray &<br />
Harv., var.<br />
M. bryonifoUa L. = Malvastrum bryonifoliiim Gray & Harv. ?<br />
M. californica Presl = Sida hederacea Torr.<br />
M. calycina Cav. = Malvastrum calycinum Garcke.<br />
M. campannlata Paxt. = Malvastrum purpuratum.<br />
M. capensis Cav. = Malvastrum capense Garcke.<br />
M. capitata Cav. = Malvastrum capitatum.
SYNOPSfS OF aEXERA AM) SPECIES OF JIALVE.E. 369<br />
M. caroliniana L. __ Modiola mnltifida Moench.<br />
M. cuccinea Nutt. = Mnlvastnim coccineum A. Gray.<br />
M. corckurijulia Desi'ous. = Mulvastrum Ruijelii Watson.<br />
M, coromandeliana L. = Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray.<br />
M. costata Presl = Malvdstriim near M. peruvianuw A. Gray.<br />
M. Creeuna Graham = Spharalceu pedata Torr.<br />
M. cura.ssdvicu Desrous. = Malvastnim.<br />
21. cymbaUir icefolia Desrous. = Sida Sherarditma Hook. f.<br />
M. CyriLLi Vis. = Lavatera Thurimjiaca L., var. ambiijua.<br />
M. decumbens Willd. = Modiola midtijida Moench.<br />
M. defiexa Turcz. = Malvastrum grossularicBfolium Gray k Harv.<br />
M. ditjitata Torr. & Gray = Callirhoe digitata Nutt.<br />
M. Dilteniaiia E. & Z. = Malvastrum virgatum Gray & Harv., var.<br />
M. divaricata Andr. = Malvastrum divaricatum Garcke.<br />
M. domingensis Spr. = Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray.<br />
M, echinata Presl = Malvastrum.<br />
M. elegans Cav. = Splneralcea elegans Don.<br />
M. eriocarpa DC. == Mudiola multifida Moench.<br />
M. erodiifolia Presl = Malvastrum erodiifolium.<br />
M. fasciculata Nutt. = Malvastrum Thurben A. Gray.<br />
M. jiumineusis Veil. = Malvastrum spicatum A. Gray.<br />
M. fragrans Bot. Reg. ;= Malvastrum capense Garcke, var.<br />
M. fragrans Jacq. = Malvastrum capense Garcke, var.<br />
M. gangetica L. = Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray.<br />
M. geranioides Ch. & Sch. = Malvastrum geranioides Hemsl.<br />
.1/. geranioides Gill. =^ Mudiola geranioides Walp.<br />
M. Giilesii Steud. = Modiola geranioides Walp.<br />
M. glomerata Hook. \ Am. = Malvastrum glomeratum Griseb.<br />
M. grossiUaricBjolia Cav. = Malvastrum grossulariafoUum Gray<br />
& Harv.<br />
M. grossidariafolia E. Mey. == Malvastrum albens Harv.<br />
M. Haenkeana Presl = Malvastrum neax M. peruviaiium A. Gray.<br />
M. hederacea Dougl. = Sida hederacea Torr.<br />
M. hedermfolia Vis. = Lavatera cretica L.<br />
M. Hornschuchiana Walp. = Sphceralcea.<br />
M. Houghtonii Torr. & Gray = Callirhoe triangulata A. Gray.<br />
M. humilis Gill. = Malvastrum liumile A. Gray.<br />
M. involucrata Torr. & Gray = Callirhoe involucrata A. Gray.<br />
M. lactea Ait. = Malvastrum viti/olium Hemsl.<br />
M. IcEta Phil. := Malvastruui tenuifolium.<br />
M. lasiocarpa St. Hil. et Naud. = Malvastrum lasiocarpum Griseb.<br />
M. lateritia Hook. --^^ Malvastrum lateritiiiiii Nicholson.<br />
M. Le Contei Buckley =^ Pavonia hastata Cav.<br />
..V. Irprosn Ort. ^^ Sida.<br />
M. Lindkeiiiuriana hcheele = Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gv&y.<br />
M. limensia L. = Malvastrum peruriaiium A. Gray, var.<br />
M. lincarilolia Young ^= Callirlioe involucrnta A. Gray, var.<br />
M. luzonUa Blanco = Malvastrum tricusjiidatum A. Gray.<br />
M. malachruides Hook. & Arn. = Sidalcea malachroidrs A. Gray.<br />
M. macrostachgum Presl = Malvastrum macrostachyicni Ilemsl.<br />
M. malwensis Edgw. = Althir.a Ludirigii L.<br />
Journal ok Botany.—Vol. 28. [December, 1890.] 2 r.
370 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPEOIES OF MALVE^.<br />
M. mnmillosa Lloyd = Lavatera cretica L.<br />
M. Mathewsii Turcz. = Malvastrum peruvianum A. Gray.<br />
M. nieiitlocina Phil. = Sphcernlcea mendodna Phil.<br />
M. mexicitna S. Schauer. = Malvastrum mexicannm Herasl.<br />
M. microphi/lla E. Mey. = Malvastrum divarlcatum Garcke.<br />
M. miniatn Cav. = Sphceralcea miniata Spach.<br />
M. multicaulis Schlecht. = Malvastrum muUicaide Britton.<br />
M. Munroana Dougl. = Sjihceralcea Mimroana Spach.<br />
M. muricata Cav. = Spliaralcea.<br />
M. nuhigena Wedd. = Malvastrum nuhigenum.<br />
M. nuttalioides Groom. = Callirhoe Papaver A. Gray.<br />
M. obliqua Nutt. = Sida hederacea Torr.<br />
M. obtusiloba Hook. = Splmralcea ohtusiloba Don.<br />
M. odorata Maund. = Malvastrum.<br />
M. operculata Cav. = Malvastrum operculatum ?<br />
M. oriastrum Wedd. = Malvastrum Oriastrum.<br />
M. ovata Cav. = Malvastrum spicatum A. Gray.<br />
M. oxijcanthoides E. & Z. = Malvastrum divarlcatum Garcke.<br />
M. oxijcanthoides Horn. = Malvastrum tridactylites Garcke.<br />
M. Papaver Cav. = Callirhoe Papaver A. Gray.<br />
M. parnassifolia Wedd. = Malvastrum parnassifolium A. Gray.<br />
M. pedaia Torr. & Gray = Callirhoe digitata Nutt..<br />
M. j)frpnsilla Nutt. = Malvastrum angastiim. A. Gray?<br />
M. peruviana L. = Malvastrum peruvianum A. Gray.<br />
M. plicaia Nutt. = Sida hederacea Torr.<br />
M. plumosa Presl = Malvastrum plumosum A. Gray.<br />
M. pohjstachga Cav. = Malvastrum spicatum A. Gray.<br />
M. Preissiana Miq. = Lavatera plebeia Sims.<br />
M. prostrata Cav. = Modiola multifida Moench.<br />
M. prostrata Phil. = SphcBralcea bonariensis Griseb.<br />
M. Pseudolavatera Webb. = Lavatera cretica L.<br />
M. punicea Nutt. = Sphceralcea.<br />
M. purpurata Lindl. = Malvastrum purpuratum.<br />
M. purpurea CI. Gay = Malvastrum purpuratum.<br />
M. PurdicBi Wedd. = Malvastrum Furdicei A. Gray.<br />
M. pggmcea Wedd. = Malvastrum pggmmim A. Gray.<br />
M. racemosa E. Mey. = Malvastrum racemosum Harv.<br />
M. rejiexa Andr. = Malvastrum tridactylites Garcke.<br />
M. retusa Cav. = Malvastrum retusum ?<br />
M. retusa E. & Z. = Malvastrum calycinum Garcke.<br />
M. rhizantha Wedd. = Malvastrum rhizanthum A. Gray.<br />
M. ribifolia Schlecht. = Malvastrum ribi/olium Hemsl.<br />
M. Richii Wedd. = Malvastrum Pdchii A. Gray.<br />
ill. rivularis Dougl. = Sphceralcea arerifolia Nutt.<br />
ill. rosea DC. = Meli/ihlea vitifolia Zucc.<br />
M. ruderalis Bl. = MaUuistratn tricuspidatum A. Gray.<br />
M. rugosa Desrous = Malvastrum.<br />
M. rugosa E. & Z. = Splueralcea elcgans Don.<br />
M. scabra Cav. = Malvastrum scabrum A. Gray.<br />
M. scoparia Jacq. = Malrastium Rugelii Watson.<br />
M. scoparia L'Herit. = Mahastrum scoparium A. Gray.
PRIORITY OP PLACE IN BOTAN'ICAL NOMENCLATURE. 371<br />
M. scorpioides Turcz. = Malvastrum peruvianum, var.<br />
M. Sherardiana L. = Sida Sherardiaixa Hook. f.<br />
M. spicatn Cav. = Malvastrum spicatum A. Gray.<br />
M. spicatn L. = Malvastnim spicatum A. Gray.<br />
M. stellata Thunb. = Malvastrum aspernmum Garcke.<br />
M. stellata Dietr. = Sphceralcea angustifolia Spach.<br />
M. striata E. Mey. = Sphceralcea elegans Don.<br />
M. stricta E. & Z. = Malvastrum tridactylites Garcke.<br />
M, stricta Jacq. = Malvastrum strictum Gray & Harv.<br />
M. suhhastata Cav. = Malvastrum tricxispidatum A. Gray.<br />
M. suhtrifiora Lag. = Malvastrum suhtriflorum Hemsl.<br />
M. sulphurea Gill. = Sida sidphurea A. Gray.<br />
M. tenuifolia Hook. & Arn. = Malvastrum tenuifoliwn.<br />
M. timoricensis DC. = Malvastrum spicatum A. Gray.<br />
M. tarapacana Phil. = Malvastrum tarapacanum.<br />
M. trianrjulata Leavenw. = Callirhoe triam/ulata A. Gray.<br />
M. tricuspidata Ait. = Malvastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray.<br />
M. tridactijlites Cav. = Malvastrum tridacti/lites Garcke.<br />
M. umbellata Cav. = Meliphlea vitifolia Zucc.<br />
M. urticcB/otia H. B. K. = Modiola multijida Moench.<br />
M. venosa E. & Z. = Sphceralcea elegans Don.<br />
M. violacea Phil. = Sphceralcea.<br />
M. virgata Cav. = Malvastrum virgatum Gray & Harv.<br />
M. virgata E. & Z. = Malvastrum albens Harv.<br />
M. viscosa Salisb. = Malvastrum.<br />
M. vitifolia Cav. = Malvastrum vitifoliwn Hemsl.<br />
M. waltherifolia Link = Malvastrum.<br />
M. Willkommiana Scheele = Lavatera cretica L.<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
PRIORITY OF PLACE IN BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE.<br />
By N. L. Britton, M.D.<br />
The publication of my note in the October ' Journal of Botany'<br />
giving my reasons for taking up the generic name Tissa instead of<br />
Buda for the plants referred by recent authors to Lepigunum or<br />
SpergiUaria, and the comments thereon by the learned Editor, have<br />
put my position on this question squarely on record. I was sorry<br />
to have to take the means I did in order to induce him to print my<br />
communication, but I desired that my views should be given place<br />
in an English botanical journal, as well as in those of America.<br />
Mr. Britten, regarding my reasons as trivial, was justitied, from<br />
his own standpoint, for declining to awaril them space in the<br />
" Journal," and his relus.il, at first, to publish them has in no way<br />
dimniislicd my regard for liini.<br />
But I do not believe tliat my reasons will be'considered ridiculous<br />
by others who approach the topic from a different standpoint, and<br />
who have recognised the necessity of adopting methods of procedure<br />
2 i: 2
372 PRIOBITY OF PLACE IN BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE.<br />
which will render the system of nomenclature stable, which is all<br />
the "neo-American school" is trying to accomplish, and for which<br />
it, and all naturalists, have abundant authority. It is perfectly<br />
clear that as long as we allow ourselves a choice of names in any<br />
way, so long will authors differ in their acceptance and the settling<br />
of this important matter be deferred. That this end can be, at<br />
least approximately, reached by priority, has been the judgment of<br />
most recent naturalists. Whether some entirely different method<br />
may not commend itself to those of future decades, or some radical<br />
modification of the principles now employed be resorted to, it is at<br />
present impossible to surmise. It is, perhaps, not unlikely that<br />
some such move will be made. The American Ornithologists'<br />
Union settled it, so far as they were concerned, by driving birdnames<br />
back as far as they could, and then as a body adopted the<br />
results thus reached, so that they have been maintained for a<br />
considerable number of years. This process has commended itself<br />
to some others, but has not been put into operation elsewhere, so<br />
far as I am informed.<br />
At all events, under the present methods of botanists it is<br />
important that all possibility of choice be removed as far as this<br />
is possible. For this reason I regard the "law" of the Paris<br />
Congress cited by Mr. Britten as authority for the use of Buda<br />
rather than Tissa as unfortunate and detrimental, and do not<br />
consider myself at all bound to follow it.<br />
The number of cases in which change is desirable by reason of<br />
priority of place is not great. Mr. Britten cites the one of<br />
Amygdalus Linn, and Primus Linn., the first standing on a page<br />
preceding the position of the second, and points out that he<br />
thinks it would be necessary to call all the species now in Prunus,<br />
Amygdali. It certainly would be strange for a while to make this<br />
substitution, but I think he has selected an unfortunate example<br />
in support of his argument. While it would probably be quite as<br />
philosophical to call a plum a peach, as a peach a plum, I personally<br />
prefer to call a peach a peach, and am prepared to maintain that<br />
Amygdalus and Prunus are distinct genera.<br />
At some inconvenience, owing to its arrival on Nov. 20th,<br />
I print this note of Dr. Britton's in the present issue. I am sorry<br />
that Dr. Britton thought it necessary to bring against me the<br />
accusation quoted at p. 295, "in order to induce [me] to print [liis]<br />
communication": his conduct might, and with many would, have<br />
induced an exactly opposite course.<br />
I have only one remark to make. Dr. Britton has a perfect<br />
right to maintain the distinctness of Amygdalus SLnd Priinun: but<br />
this does not invalidate my statement that "Beutham and Hooker<br />
and most other recent systematists unite them," and that, without<br />
ceasing "to call a ])each a peach." I did not say I ''thought it<br />
would be necessary to call all the species now in Prunus, Juiggdali" :<br />
I said that it tvould be so " on Brittonian principles," and Dr. Britton<br />
does not deny it. Will he carry out his principles in his next list ?<br />
—James Bkitten,
373<br />
BIOGEAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH<br />
BOTANISTS.<br />
By James Bkitten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.<br />
(Continued from p. <strong>31</strong>4.)<br />
Swinhoe, Robert (1836 ?-1877) : b. 1836 ? ; d. London, 28th Oct.<br />
1877. Consul at Formosa and Ning-po: at Amoy, 1861. F.R.S.<br />
Ornithologist, &c. ' List of Plants from Formosa,' 1863. Chinese<br />
Plants at Kew. R. S. C. v. 898; viii. 1048 ; Journ. Bot. 1878, 96.<br />
Rubiis Swinhoei Hance.<br />
Switzer, Stephen (1665 or 1682-1745): b. Hyde, near Winchester,<br />
circ. 1665, or East Stretton, Mitcheldever, Feb. 1682<br />
d. 1745. Gardener under Loudon and Wise at Blenheim,<br />
1706 ; with Lord Orrery, 1724-<strong>31</strong>. Had gardens on Millbank<br />
and near Vauxliall, and a shop in Westminster Hall. Visited<br />
France. ' Ichnographia,' 1718. ' Cythisus of the Ancients,'<br />
17<strong>31</strong>. Pritz. <strong>31</strong>0; Cott. Gard. vi. 93; xiii. 53; Felton, 45;<br />
Donaldson, Agric. Biog. 44.<br />
Sykes, William Henry (1790-1872): b. 25th Jan. 1790; d.<br />
London, 16th June, 1872. Lieut. -Col. Bombay Nat. Infantry.<br />
Zoologist, &c. F.R.S. , 1834. In India from youth until 18<strong>31</strong>.<br />
M.P., Aberdeen, 1857. Lord Rector, Aberdeen, 1854-5. Chairman,<br />
H.E.I.C, 1856. Collected in Bombay. Pritz. <strong>31</strong>0;<br />
Proc. Royal Soc. 1871-72, xxxiii. ; R. S. C. v. 899 ;<br />
' Biog.<br />
Notices,' 1857, with portr. inserted in Brit. Mus. copy.<br />
Arn.<br />
Sykesia<br />
Syme, John Thomas Irvine [See Boswell] .<br />
Symons, Rev. Jelinger (1778-1853): b. Low Leyton, Essex,<br />
1778; d. Radnage, Bucks, 20th May, 1851; bur. Radnage.<br />
M.A., Cambridge, 1797. F.L.S. , 1798. Curate at Wliitburn,<br />
Durham. Rector of Radnage, 1833-51. ' Synopsis plantarum<br />
insulis Britannicis,' 1798. Sent list of Durham plants to Winch<br />
(Winch, Bot. Guide, ii. pref.). Pntz. <strong>31</strong>0; Jacks. 233; Proc.<br />
Linn. Soc. ii. 192.<br />
Sympson, Alexander (fl.<br />
to Petiver.<br />
1699). Surgeon. Sent Gallipoli plants<br />
Talbot, William Henry Fox (1800-1877) : b. Melbury, Dorset,<br />
11th<br />
bur.<br />
Feb. 1800; d. Lacock Abbey, Dorset, 17th Sept. 1877;<br />
Lacock Cemetery. Nephew of E
874 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS.<br />
F.L.S., 1869. Asst. -Surgeon, R. Artillery. Collected in China,<br />
1859. Contrib. to ' Supplement to Fl. Vectensis.' ' Flora of<br />
Northumberland and Durham' (with J. G. Baker), 1867. Had<br />
a herbarium. Chinese plants at Kew. Jacks. 611 ; R. S. C.<br />
viii. 1861; Berwicksh. Nat. Club, vii. 334 ; Proc. Linn. Soc.<br />
1874-75, Ixiv.<br />
Tatham, John (1793-1875): b. Settle, Yorks., 20th Sept. 1793;<br />
d. Settle, 12th Jan. 1875. Druggist. F.B.S.Ed., 1841. Assisted<br />
Windsor in 'Fl. Cravoniensis' and Baines in ' Fl. Yorkshire.'<br />
Had a herbarium. Eng. Bot. 2890, 2905 ; Journ. Bot. 1875, 64.<br />
Taylor, Joseph (fl. 1812-1836). Of Newington [Butts, Surrey.<br />
'Aibores mirabiles,' 1812. Jacks. 611.<br />
Taylor, Samuel (fl. 1806-1826). Of Moston, Manchester, afterwards<br />
of Bungay. ' Growth of Whitethorn,' Phil. Mag. 1806,<br />
•Experiments on smut,' Phil. Mag. 1822, 350. Contrib. to<br />
Phil. Mag. 1806-26. R. S. C. v. 923.<br />
Taylor, Thomas (d. 1848) : d. Dunkerron, Kerry, Feb. 1848.<br />
M.D. F.L.S., 1814. Prof. Bot., Cork Scientific Institution.<br />
' Muscologia Britannica' (with Sir W. J. Hooker), 1818. ' De<br />
Marchantieis,' Linn. Trans, xvii. 1835, 375. North Ireland<br />
Fungi, Mag. Zool. Bot. v. (1840), 3. Australian Mosses, Phyt.<br />
i. 1093. Herbarium and drawings at Boston, U.S.A. R. S. C.<br />
V. 923 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 379 ; Journ. Bot. 1849, 63. Tayloria<br />
Hook.<br />
Tedlie, Henry (1792 ?-1818 ?) : b. 1792 ? ; d. Cape Coast Castle,<br />
1818 ? Assistant-surgeon to Bowdich's Mission to Ashantee.<br />
Materia Medica and Botany of the ' Mission,' 1819, pp. 370-4.<br />
Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit. Jacks. 349.<br />
Teesdale, Robert (d. 1804) : d. Turnham Green, Middlesex, 25th<br />
Dec. 1804. F.L.S., 1788. Gardener to Earl of Carhsle, at<br />
Castle Howard. British botanist. Friend of Smith. Discovered<br />
Caiex tomentoHa, 1799. ' Plautae Eboracenses,' Linn. Trans, ii.<br />
103. Phil. Trans. 1792 ; Bot. Guide, 663 ; Trans. Linn. Soc.<br />
xi. 283 ; Contrib. to E. Bot. 202, 2046, 2517, &c. ; R. S. C. v.<br />
927. Teesdalia Br.<br />
Telfair, Charles (1777 9-1833) : b. Belfast, 1777 ? ; d. Port Louis,<br />
Mauritius, 1833 ; bur. Cemetery, Port Louis. Surgeon.<br />
Founded bot. Gardens, Mauritius and Reunion. Correspondent<br />
of Sir W. J. Hooker, R. S. C. v. 929. ' Notice Historique,' by<br />
J. Desjardins, 1836. 'Life,' by Bojer. Bot. Misc. ii. 123;<br />
Journ. Bot. 1834, 150. Plants at Kew. Oil portr. at Freemason's<br />
Lodge, Port Louis. Telfairia Hook.<br />
Telfair, Mrs. (d. 1832) : d. Port Louis, Mauritius, 1832. Wife of<br />
preceding. Sent Mauritius Algte to W. J. Hooker, described<br />
by Harvey in<br />
Hook. & Harv.<br />
Journ. Bot. 1834, 147. Tliamnophora Telfairm<br />
Templeton, John (1766-1825) : b. Belfast, 1766 ; d. Cranmore,<br />
Malone, Belfast, 15th Dec. 1825. A.L.S., 1794. Orig. Memb.<br />
Belfast N. H. Soc. 1821. Found liosa hibeniica, (Jrobanche<br />
rubra (1805), Entusthodon Templetoni, &c. Contrib. to E. Bot.<br />
508, 2196, &c. ;<br />
Dillwyn's Confervas, Turner's Fuci, Muscologia
BIOGRAPHICAL IKDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. 875<br />
Hibernica, &c. MS. 'Catalogue of .... pi. of Ireland,' 1793-<br />
1814, at Eoyal Irish Academy. K. S. C. v. 930 ; Mag. Nat.<br />
Hist. i. (1B28), 403 ; ii. (1829), 305 ; Stewart & Corry. xvi.<br />
Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 111. Templetonia Br.<br />
Thicknesse, Ralph (1719 ?-1790) : b. Bartomley, Cheshire, 1719 ?<br />
d. Wigan, Lauc., 12th Feb. 1790. M.D. B.A., Oxon, 1730.<br />
M.A., 1736. ' Treatise on Foreign Vegetables,' 1749. Gent.<br />
Mag. 1790, i. 185.<br />
Thompson, H. T. (fl. 1827). 'Vegetable Physiology' in Libr.<br />
Useful Knowledge, 1827. Jacks. 68.<br />
Thompson, John (fl. 1798). ' Botany Displayed,' 1798. Pritz.<br />
<strong>31</strong>5 ; Jacks. 34.<br />
Thompson, John (fl. 1843). Of Crow Hall Mill, Northumberland.<br />
Discovered L'arex irrvjua in 1843. E. B. Suppl. 2895.<br />
Thompson, John Vaughan (fl. 1807-1829). Surgeon, 37th<br />
Kegt. M.D.? A.L.S., 1807. F.L.S., 1810. Zoologist.<br />
'Piper,' Linn. Traus. 1807. 'Cat. of Berwick PI.,' 1807.<br />
Collected in Madagascar : plants in Brit. Mus. In Jamaica,<br />
1829. Pritz. <strong>31</strong>5 ;<br />
Br. = DeiiUnuht.<br />
Jacks. 249 ; K. S. C. v. 958. Thompsonia<br />
Thompson, Silvanus (1818-1881): b. Liverpool, 20th March,<br />
1818; d. Settle, Yorks., 3rd Feb. 1881. Schoolmaster. Contributed<br />
to ' Phytologist,' and Baines' ' Flora of Yorkshire.'<br />
Herbarium at Melbourne, Australia. Eng. Bot. 2890.<br />
Thompson, Rev. T. id. 1810): d, Penzance, 1810. Contrib.<br />
notes on Daiicus vtaritiuius to Withering's Bot. Arr. ed. 3, 290.<br />
Jones, Bot. Tour, 33.<br />
Thompson, William (1805-1852). Vice-Pres., Belfast Nat. Hist.<br />
Soc. Algologist. 'Alga which colours Ballydrain Lake,' Mag.<br />
Zool. Bot. V. (1840j, 75. Stewart & Corry, xv. ; K. S. C. v. 960<br />
Litho. portr. by T. H. Maguire, 1849, at Kew.<br />
Thomson, Anthony Todd (1778-1819): b. Edinburgh, Jan.<br />
d. Ealing, Middlesex, 3rd July, 1849. M.D., Edinb.,<br />
1778 :<br />
1799. F.L.S., 1812. F.R.C.P. Fu-st ProF. Mat. Med., Univ.<br />
Coll., London, 1828. 'Lectures on Elements of Bot., 1822,<br />
Edited Thomson's ' Seasons,' with nat. hist, notes, 1847. Pritz.<br />
<strong>31</strong>5 ; Biogr. in Dr. E. A. Parkes' ed. of his ' Treatise of Skin-<br />
diseases,' 1850 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. 91 ; Pharm. Journ. ix. 90.<br />
Thonisonia Wall.<br />
Thomson, Sir Charles Wyville (1830-1882) : b. Bonsyde, Linlithgow,<br />
5lh March, 1830; d. Edinburgh, 10th March, 1882.<br />
Zoologist. Knighted, 1876. LL.D., Aberdeen. F.R.S., 1867.<br />
F.L.S., 1872. F.B. S.Ed., 1847; Pres., 1871-2. Prof. Bot.,<br />
Aberdeen, 1851. Chief of 'Challenger' Staff, 1872-4. Proc.<br />
Linn. Soc. 1881-2, 67. Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed. xiv. 278.<br />
Thomson, George (fl. 1720-1742): M.D., Aberdeen. L.R.C.P.,<br />
1742. Practised at Maidstone. 'Virtues of Plants,' 1734.<br />
Jacks. 199 ; Munk, ii. 149.<br />
Thomson, George (1819-1878): b. Balfron, near Glasgow, 26th<br />
May, lb' 19 ; d. Victoria, W. Africa, 14th Dec. 1878. Missionary<br />
in W.Africa from 1871. Contrib. to Hennedy's 'Clydesdale
376 SHORT NOTES.<br />
Flora,' 1877 ; collected in Africa. Proc. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow,<br />
iv. 51. ' Memoir,' 1881.<br />
Thomson, Gideon (d. before 1855). Of Madras. Brother of<br />
Thomas Thomson. Collected in Madras, &c. Plants at Kew.<br />
Hooker & Thomson, ' Fl. Indica,' 73.<br />
(To be continued.)<br />
SHORT NOTES.<br />
Hieracium holophylhim, n. sp. — Root-leaves persistent,<br />
rather deep green ; stem -with patent white hairs below, floccose<br />
upwards, with 1 to 3 leaves, corymbose-paniculate ; peduncles<br />
arcuate-ascending, floccose ; leaves somewhat coriaceous, oblongovate,<br />
entire, with about six minute denticulations along each<br />
margin, subglabrous above, slightly hairy below ; root-leaves<br />
rounded and bh;nt at each end; secondary and stem-leaves pointed;<br />
involucres pale green, ovate, constricted in flower, markedly truncate<br />
below in fruit ; phyllaries bluntish, floccose, with a few stiff<br />
hairs, which are black with white tips, and with a few set*, their<br />
margins and tips pale green ; outer phyllaries with lax tips<br />
ligules glabrous at the tips ; styles long, pure yellow, becoming<br />
slightly dusky with age. Related to H. pallidiun Biv. and to H.<br />
stenulepis Hi. Scand. Its special and distinguishing features are<br />
the peculiar shape of the entire blunt green leaves, its pale green<br />
heads and their triangular shape in fruit, and the colour of the<br />
styles. It occurs sparingly on limestone rocks in Dovedale, Derbyshire,<br />
and was first noticed there on July 6th, 1887, by the Revs.<br />
W. H. Purchas, Aug. Ley, and myself. The name holophylhim will<br />
express one feature which is both prominent and distinctive. The<br />
above description, it should be added, is partly due to the kind help<br />
and valuable suggestions of Mr. Purchas. Wm. R. Linton.<br />
Autumn Flowering of Mercurialis perennis (See Journ. Bot.<br />
1889, 22).—A few days ago I again found the autumnal-flowering<br />
form of Mercurialis perennis flourishing in its original habitat near<br />
Preston ; this is about the seventh successive year T have seen it<br />
in flower at this time. This persistent flowering year by year<br />
seems to indicate that it is a permanent form.— F. J. George.<br />
Additions to the Flora of Wilts.—The following are the<br />
additions to the Flora of Wilts of which notice has been sent to me<br />
during the past year. The numbers before the localities refer to<br />
the districts of Wilts: liaminculus LcnornunuU F. Schultz ; 6,<br />
Hamptworth, Tatum. Stellaria media c neglecta Weihe ;<br />
10, Harn-<br />
ham, Tatum. Spergnla arvensis a vulgaris IBoenn. ; 5, Whiteparish,<br />
and 10, Downton, Tatum : b sativa Boenn. ; 1, Westbury, Tatum,<br />
Potentiila procumbens Sibth. ; 10, Downton, Rogers. Rosa canina r<br />
Koscinciana Besser ; 6, Landford, 'Tatum. Callitriche hamidota b<br />
peduncvlata DC. ; 5, Hamptworth, Tatum. Fctasitis frayrons<br />
Presl. ; established at 10, Harewairen, Tatum. Myosotis sylvatica<br />
Hoffm. ; 4, River Wood, very abundant on the borders of Wilts and
THE LEJEUXE.E OF LINDENBERg's HERBARIUM. B77<br />
Berks, Drxice. Bartsia Odontites a verna Reichb. ; 3, Bisbopstone,<br />
Dnice: h serotina Eeichb. ; 2, Midford Hill and Corsbam, Rogers.<br />
Mentha arvensis b moiimularia Sclireb. ; 9, Tisbary, Tatiim. Polygonum<br />
7)ute Sclirauk ; 10, Harnbam, Tathn. Juncm supimts d<br />
tdiginosus Eotb ; 5, West Wellow, Tatum. Bgnchospora alba var.<br />
sonlida ; 5, West Wellow, Tatum. Agrostis vulgaris c nigra Witb. ;<br />
3, Swindon, Bruce ; between Swindon and Cbiseldon, Clarke. Poa<br />
pratensis b subcceridea Sm. ; 10, Harnbam, Tatum. Festuca fallax<br />
Tb. ; 1, Limpley Stoke; 2, Kingsdown, Wraxball and Midford;<br />
4, Marlborougb and Savernake, Rogers. A few otber species and<br />
varieties stand over till more perfectly verified.—T. A. Preston.<br />
Papaver hybriduji in Denbighshire.— lu Watson's ' Topograpbical<br />
Botany,' 1st edition, on page 590 of tbe Miscellaneous Notes,<br />
tins plant is given as found in 50, Denbigli, oii Mr. Webb's autbority<br />
and described as " Ebyl, casually." Now Rbyl is iu 51, Flint, wbicb<br />
county was queried in tbe first part of tbe work, so doubtless Mr. Webb<br />
intended to confirm tbe latter, but managed to give tbe wrong<br />
county. Tbis poppy used to grow on tbe sandy ground on tbe east<br />
side of Rbyl near tbe cemetery, and also by tbe footpatb inland, on<br />
tbe otber side of tbe railway. I found it in tbese two stations year<br />
after year until tbe Gladstone Bridge and a new road were made,<br />
wben it disappeared, and I bave not seen a specimen tbere for tbe<br />
last eigbt or ten years. Tbis year in September, I saw a fair<br />
number of plants of tbis species in a field of mangolds, just<br />
bordering tbe sea-sbore above tbe old salmon weir at Rbos Fynacb,<br />
near Colwyn Bay. Tbis is 50, Denbigb, and is tbe first time I<br />
bave noticed it in tbis county. It will be interesting to see if it<br />
retains its bold tbcre next year. Robert Brown.<br />
NOTICES OF BOOKS.<br />
The LejeunecE of Lindenberg's Herbarium.'^-<br />
Herr F. Stephani, of Leipzig, one of tbe most indefatigable of<br />
bepaticologists, bas lately conferred a benefit upon otber cryptogamic<br />
students by examining all tbe specimens of tbe genus<br />
Lejeunea in tbe lierbarium of Lindenberg, now at Vienna, upon<br />
wbicb many of tlie species recorded in tbe ' '<br />
Synopsis Hepaticarum<br />
were founded. He adopts tbe arrangement proposed by Dr. Spruce<br />
in ' HepaticaB Amazouictc et Andinae,' wbere a natural division of<br />
tbis immense group into subgenera is attempted. Numerous mistakes<br />
are corrected, and since many of tbe older species were founded by<br />
Taylor, I bave translated tbose notes most likely to interest British<br />
botanists, omitting a number of<br />
Dr. Spruce and otbers.<br />
corrections previously recorded by<br />
It is perbaps desirable to call attention to tbe similarity in tbe<br />
names Lindenberg and Liudberg, in order to avoid tbe confusion<br />
• Die Giittung Lejeunea in Herbarium Lindenberg, revifdirt von F.<br />
Stephani. Hedwigia, 1h»0, heft. 1—3.
878 THE LEJEUNE^ OF LINDENBEKg's HERBAKIUM.<br />
often produced by the variable abbreviations of different writers.<br />
Lindenberg abbreviated his own name Ldbg. and also Ldg.<br />
Stephani insists upon the universal use of the former ; Carrington,<br />
Spruce, and others, have been in the habit of writing Lindenb.,<br />
which permits of no misunderstanding ; while Lindb. should stand<br />
for Lindberg. In the ' London Catalogue '<br />
Lindenberg, whereas sometimes Lindbg.,<br />
Lindenbg. is used for<br />
and at other times<br />
Lindb., stands for Lindberg. There can be no doubt, therefore,<br />
some uniformity in the use of the abbreviations is desirable.<br />
Thysanthus anguiformis<br />
Zelandia, Colenso. A true<br />
Tayl., Ihysanolejeunea Spruce, Nova<br />
Thysanthus. Per. (plant® junioris) in<br />
dichotomia, triquetra, plica ventralis plicatulis 2 vel 3 composita,<br />
superne remote dentata vel spinosa ; folia acuta integerrima.<br />
T. scuTELLATUs Tayl., Nova Zelandia. Does not belong to this<br />
subgenus, but to Archilejeunea Spruce. Per. inferiora in dichotomia<br />
superiora tamen monotropa ventre bicarinata, inermia. Foliorum<br />
lobulus folio triplo brevior, oblongus, involutus, in foliis inferioribus<br />
parvus vel nullus.<br />
T. oPHiocEPHALus Tayl.,<br />
Archilcjeunea, and indeed is<br />
therefore must be cancelled.<br />
Nova Zelandia.<br />
the male plant of<br />
Also belongs to<br />
L. olivacea Tayl.,<br />
Phragmicoma<br />
Helena.<br />
acutiloba (Tayl.), Homalolejeunea Spruce, St.<br />
P. baccifera Tayl., Nova Hollandia. A true Platylejeunea, with<br />
which Taylor's description of the perianth altogether agrees.<br />
P. REPLETA (Tayl.), Madras, Wight. Belongs to Mastigolejeunea<br />
Spruce. This plant is a good species, and<br />
M. humilis (G.), nor M. auriculata (Wils.).<br />
not identical with<br />
P. usTULATA Tayl., Brachiolejeunea Spruce. Philippine Islands.<br />
P. TESTUDiNEA<br />
macroloha N. & M.<br />
Tayl., Para, not Cincinnati, is Pycnolejeunea<br />
Lejeunea cyclostipa Tayl., Para, Archilejeunea Auberiana Mont,<br />
pp. and Lopholejeunea Sagrceana Mont. pp.<br />
L. tenuifolia Tayl., 340 Casapi. An indifferent specimen of<br />
Omyhalolejeimea Jiliformis (Sw.) ; the species has therefore to be<br />
cancelled.<br />
L. ROTALis Tayl. to Archilejeunea Spruce.<br />
L. MALACcENSis Tayl. 436, Malacca, is identical with Aerolejeunea<br />
Cumingiana Mont. ; the amphigastria are not obovatorotunda,<br />
as Taylor says, but basi distincte angustata.<br />
L. DoMiNGENsis Tayl. 470, St. Domingo. Identical with Acrolejeunea<br />
[mlycarpa N.<br />
L. lingu^folia Tayl. 474. St. Thomas. Identical with<br />
Brachiolejeunea corticalis L. & L.<br />
L. olivacea Tayl,, belongs to Archilejeunea Spruce. The crosssection<br />
of the perianth shows upon the ventral folds yet smaller<br />
and shorter ones which look like rough protuberances ; Mitten<br />
describes the perianth upon these grounds (Handb. N. Z. Flora,<br />
p. 532), as 3-ribbed on either face; the plant has branches<br />
produced from its base whose leaves have very small rudimentary<br />
lobules ; such a specimen Mitten probably had before him, when
THE LEJEUNE^ OF LINDENBERg'S HERBARIUM. 379<br />
he (I.e.) described the lobulus fohi as "small, oblong, acute,<br />
tumid, entire." On the contrary, in its normal condition it is<br />
extremely large, and if but slightly magnified appears distinctly<br />
bidentate.<br />
L. SPH.EROPHORA L. & L., 477, Mauritius, Sieber. Dr. Schiflfner<br />
has referred this plant to PJorir/wicoina, but it is undoubtedly a true<br />
Lojiholi'jeunea S., and is allied to L. Sagraana and applanata,<br />
with which it agrees in habit ; in addition to perianth and bracts,<br />
the tumid leaf-lobe is quite that of Lnplwlcjeunea. In reality there<br />
is no such a genus as Phraf/micoina, which is a conglomeration<br />
of very different species ; to Dr. Spruce belongs our thanks for<br />
having been the first to separate it into natural groups ; no one<br />
before him could have done so, not only on account of his keen<br />
powers of observation and the many years of study which he has<br />
devoted to the Hepatic^e, but that in his South American travels<br />
he collected plants so nitelligently, in such quantity, and in such<br />
perfect condition, that this knowledge became at all possible, in<br />
striking contrast to the small imperfect specimens which the<br />
authors of the ' Syn. Hep.' and their successors had to make use of.<br />
L. ADGLUTiNATA Tavl., 509, Cayenne, Tayl. The common form<br />
of L. Penuiaiia L. & L.<br />
L. EPiTHETA Tayl., 510, Ind. Occid.<br />
specimen of L. Peruviana L. & L.<br />
Tayl. Nothing but a poor<br />
L. cRuciANELLA Tayl., 592, Demerara, Tayl. According to<br />
Spruce's description, L. cruciancUa belongs to Leptolejcunea, and<br />
he has evidently had the original plant before him ; our 592, on<br />
the contrary, belongs to Cohdejeunea, and is the same as a plant of<br />
which I possess good specimens with perianths from Sao Francisco,<br />
leg. Ule, which I have named L. papilloba.<br />
L. poLYPLocA Tayl., 665, Insul. Pacific, Tayl. Identical with<br />
L. trifaiia N.<br />
Strepsilejeunea cojiitans H. & T,, 686, New Zealand, Tayl.<br />
Perianthia inflata, obovato-pyriformia, baud plicata. Monoica.<br />
Hygrolejeunea cordifissa Tayl., L. rerintc simillima ; species<br />
dubiosa. (From the examination of Taylor's original specimens, I<br />
should consider this a very good and distinct species, the remarkable<br />
crenulation of the leaves and underleaves described by Taylor<br />
is a striking character. In the specimens of L. cerina and its var.<br />
Liebmaniana there is no approach to this feature.— W. H. P.) If<br />
such is the case, my plant is not L. curdijissa, but a form of L.<br />
cerina (Stephani).<br />
Lejeunea Ascensionis Tayl., Ascension Island. Identical with<br />
Lejeiinea pterota Tayl.<br />
L. ALBiFOLiA Tayl., Oware, Pal. Bcauvais. Perfectly identical<br />
with Diplamolcjeunea peliiividn Meiss.<br />
L. LONGiFLORA Tayl., Para, is a synonym for L. trijaria N.<br />
Eulejeunea lucens Tayl. Spruce places it with Microltjeiniea,<br />
but this subgenus is characterised thi'oughout by a very large leaflobule,<br />
which olteu reaches almost to the apex of the leaf, and<br />
which gives to these plants a very characteristic feature, and being<br />
squarrosely branched with distant leaves, becomes more noticeable
380 ARTIFICIAL KEYS TO THE GExNERA AND SPECIES OF MOSSES.<br />
I should therefore include plants like L, lucens with the small<br />
species of hAilejeunea, of which Spruce has already grouped<br />
together a number.<br />
MicROLEjEUNEA ULiciNA Tayl., 972, Dunkerron, Tayl. Taylor<br />
wrote himself, in 1840, upon the packet containing this plant, " In<br />
Junrjermannia minutissima desunt stipulae " ; since that time there<br />
has been a vexatious confusion in the synonymy of these two<br />
plants, which need not be discussed here. (In Trans. Bot. Edin. i.<br />
115, where his J. tdicina is published. Dr. Taylor says, "This<br />
minute species . . . has been confounded with J. minuthsima<br />
Smith, to which it bears a very strong resemblance. It may be<br />
distinguished by the presence of stipules," &c.—W. H. P.).<br />
M. ALBo-viRENs Tayl., 973, Auckland Isles, Hooker. What may<br />
have induced Mitten (in Hooker's ' Handbook of the New Zealand<br />
Flora' p. 533) to group together 1, L. rufescens, 2, implexicauHs,<br />
8, mimosa, 4, albo-virens, and 5, primonlialis, under the name<br />
Lfjeunea nifescens is to me incomprehensible ; all five plants are<br />
not only five quite different species, but belong to three different<br />
genera, viz., 1 and 2 to Eaosmolejeunea, 8 to Strepsilejeunea, 4 and<br />
6 to Microlejeunea. W. H. Pearson.<br />
Artificial Keys to the Genera and Species of Mosses recognised in<br />
Lesquereux and James's ' Manual of the Mosses of North America.'<br />
By Charles E. Barnes, Prof, of Botany in the University of<br />
Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. Svo., pp. 71. Price 50 cents.<br />
This pamphlet is re-published from vol. viii of the Transactions<br />
of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 1890.<br />
In 1884. the ' Manual ' by Lesquereux and James appeared. Two<br />
years later, Mr. Barnes published a key to the genera which are<br />
recognised in the ' Manual.' It was in such demand that the edition<br />
soon became exhausted. In preparing the second edition the<br />
author has increased the value of the work tenfold, by constructing<br />
an analytic key to the species. And this part of the pamphlet, we<br />
venture to think, will be found by the student to be of far greater<br />
assistance than the key to the genera ; for the latter is based so<br />
largely upon the characters of the capsule and its parts that, unless<br />
the specimens bear fruit, the student is unable to apply the key for<br />
the determination of the genus to which they belong. But when<br />
once he has made certain of the genus, the student stands a very<br />
good chance of making out the species ; for in this case the<br />
characters of leaf and stem play an important part.<br />
We believe that Mr. Barnes would vastly enhance the value of<br />
his work if he were to introduce a conspectus of tribes somewhat in<br />
the style of that which Mr. Mitten has given us in his " Musci<br />
Austro American! " (Jouru. Linn. Soc. xii., 18G9, pp. 9 et seqq.),<br />
where the characters of stem and leaf are brought into prominence.<br />
However, notwithstanding the objection urged above with reference<br />
to the genera, we consider Mr. Barnes's keys to be an extremely<br />
valuable addition to the bryological literature of North America, in<br />
making good what is a very serious omission in Lesquereux and<br />
James's ' Manual.' The author has brought his work up to date,
A LIST OF THE MARINE ALG.E OF BERWICK-ON-TWEED. 381<br />
by including all new species published up to the present year, and<br />
by embodying his own researches into the genus Fissulcas, and<br />
those of M. Cardot into the more puzzling Spkarjuuni. There is a<br />
queer printer's error in the introduction, which makes it appear<br />
that the expected publication of several new species in certain<br />
journals is, instead of being worth noting, " worth nothing."<br />
A. G.<br />
A List of the Marine Alga of Benvick-on-Twced. By E. A. L.<br />
Batters, B.A., LL.B., F.L.S. [Reprinted from the Ber-<br />
^vickshire Naturalists' Club Transactions, 1889] . Alnwick,<br />
pp. 171, tab. 5.<br />
Mr. Batters is to be congratulated on the publication of his<br />
admirable list. The performance is practically his own from<br />
beginning to end, since as a foundation he had merely the meagre<br />
enumeration of the seaweeds of this district made thirty-five years<br />
ago by Dr. Johnston. There is probably no other locality in<br />
Britain so rich in species as the coast northwards of Berwick-on<br />
Tweed, and when it is stated that the exploration of it has been<br />
accomplished by Mr. Batters almost, if not, single-handed, the<br />
student of phycology will know the extent of labour and research<br />
involved. To do this thoroughly Mr. Batters has visited Berwick<br />
at all seasons, and has made particular note of those minute forms<br />
microscopic forms as they are called—so commonly overlooked.<br />
This examination has led to the discovery of forms new to science,<br />
as well as to Britain, among which may be mentioned here the<br />
generic form Battersia of Keinke. There was another difficulty in<br />
performing this task. Since tlie publication of Harvey's ' Phycologia<br />
Britannica,' the nomenclature of British AlgiC has been revolutionized<br />
and numerous species have been added of whicli there has been<br />
little more than obscure record made in journals. He had therefore<br />
to adopt a new system in consonance with modern lights in<br />
phycology. In this again Mr. Batters has been not only judicious<br />
in selecting from among rival systems, but almost painfully exact<br />
in the quotation of names, &c.<br />
Under each species there are cited, a published description,<br />
figure, no. in exsiccata, synonymy (where such exist), its habitat,<br />
and in nearly all cases a discussion of the position, affinities, &c.,<br />
of the species. At the beginning there is an introduction dealing<br />
with the distribution of tlie species in the district, and a list of<br />
classes, orders and genera. At the end an artificial key, a bibliography,<br />
index and description of plates, as well as a list of the<br />
species in the ' Phycologia ' Britannica that have changed name<br />
since its puljlication, botli old and new names being given. From<br />
tlu! list it appears tliat there are 119 genera and 271 species in the<br />
Berwick Marine Flora,— a very limited district,— and 78 of these<br />
species liave l)oen added to the British Flora, since the publication<br />
of tlie 'Bliycologia Britannica.'<br />
It hardly needs saying, therefore, that we liave here by far the<br />
moat solid contribution to British phycology since the publication
882 OBITUARY.<br />
of Harvey's ' Phycologia '—and one that will whet the appetite for the<br />
forthcoming new 'Phycologia,' by Messrs. Batters and Holmeg.<br />
From what has been said it will be seen that we have in this<br />
Marine Flora a record of true and faithful research, which establishes<br />
Mr. Batters's position in the front rank of British phycologists past<br />
and present. G. M.<br />
*' Articles in Journals " for November is unavoidably postponed.<br />
OBITUARY.<br />
Isaiah Waterloo Nicholson Keys, the author of ' Flora of<br />
Devon and Cornwall,' died at his residence in Whimple Street,<br />
Plymouth, on Nov. 4th. Mr. Keys was the son of Elias Keys, a<br />
printer and bookseller of Devonport, where he was born, March<br />
12th, 1818. He resided during the greater part of his life in<br />
Plymouth, where he carried on for a number of years a printing<br />
and bookselling business. More recently he gave up the bookselling<br />
department, but continued the printing, in conjunction with<br />
one of his sons, until the time of his death. Mr. Keys was a man<br />
of great industry and considerable meiital vigour, and had a taste<br />
for literature as well as for science ; in the earlier days of the<br />
movement for providing cheap literary evening entertainments for<br />
the people he often appeared as a reader of extracts from the<br />
works of Dickens and other standard writers, and in this character<br />
was in much request, as he possessed considerable histrionic<br />
power. He was an old member of the Plymouth Institution and<br />
Devon and Cornwall Natural History Society, in the ' Transactions'<br />
of which body his 'Flora of Devon and Cornwall ' appeared between<br />
the years 1866-71 ; it being issued in five portions, each of which<br />
was reprinted at the period of issue for private circulation. Mr.<br />
Keys also contributed to the pages of the old series of the<br />
' Phytologist ' an article entitled " Plants found in Devonshire and<br />
Cornwall in addition to those contained in Jones' ' Flora Devoniensis'<br />
and in the 'Phytologist'" (Phytol. iii. 1022-24, 1850).<br />
For many years previous to his death he suffered greatly at<br />
times from severe attacks of asthma. He was buried at the<br />
Plymouth Cemetery, on Nov. 8th.— T. R. A. B.<br />
James Shirley Hibberd, a well-known and prolific horticultural<br />
writer, died at his residence at Kew, on the morning of Sunday,<br />
Nov. 16th. Mr. Hibberd was born at Stepney in 1825, and for<br />
forty years his name has been familiar to the public in connection<br />
with garden literature, flower-shows, and the like, a large number<br />
of books and more than one newspaper owing their existence to his<br />
energy. In 1870 he issued a little book on British plants, entitled<br />
' Field Flowers : a handy book for the rambling botanist,' which<br />
in no way differs from other works of the kind, save, perhaps, in<br />
the badness of its illustrations ; and he also supplied the text for<br />
Cassell's ' Familiar Garden Flowers.' Mr. Hibberd was buried at<br />
Abney Park Cemetery on Nov. 22nd. A portrait and memoir will<br />
be found in the 'Gardeners' Chronicle ' of that date.
883<br />
EDITOKIAL.<br />
The present seems a fitting opportunity to indicate one or two<br />
changes which will be made in this Journal in the coming year.<br />
We have nothing sensational to announce, no startling improvements<br />
to advertise. Our scope is limited, our aims are humble, though<br />
useful ; and the way in which they are carried out must mainly<br />
depend, as it always has depended, upon the kind and willing<br />
co-operation of those to whom the Journal owes whatever success<br />
it may have attained—a co-operation which was never more valuable<br />
and readily accorded than at the present time.<br />
Although botanists may now be congratulated on the possession<br />
of another publication devoted to their interests, supported by an<br />
eminent and influential staff of writers, and financed in a manner<br />
which permits the production of elaborate and expensively illustrated<br />
memoirs, the Journal of Botany still remains the only medium of<br />
communication in England which appears at regular intervals, and<br />
in which immediate publication can be secured. It is, moreover,<br />
the recognised record for matters relating to British Botany in its<br />
various aspects and branches, and for the placing on record of<br />
observations, too small in themselves to attract the notice of the<br />
more profound student, but nevertheless worthy of note :<br />
the number<br />
of systematic papers published in its pages may also be referred to<br />
with satisfaction. The ' Annals of Botany,' with its high subscription<br />
rate and irregular issue, does not aim at filling the humbler, but we<br />
hope not less useful, position, which we have striven—not unsuccess-<br />
fully, we trust—to fill; and this is shown by the fact that our<br />
subscribers have increased rather than diminished in number during<br />
the last four years.<br />
One conspicuous feature of this Journal some years since was<br />
the "Botanical News," in which were recorded small matters, often<br />
of passing interest, such as come within the ken of those in constant<br />
intercourse with fellow-botanists and botanical literature : this we<br />
propose to restore. We also intend to publish, as early in the year<br />
as possible, a short notice—on the lines of the 'Biographical List,'
384 EDITOEIAL.<br />
now nearly completed—of botanists in all parts of the world who<br />
have died during 1890. The pressure upon our pages has this year<br />
caused us to omit the List of New Species published in Britain during<br />
1889, and if the pressure continues,—and we can hardly wish for<br />
its cessation—this, although useful, will have to be abandoned.<br />
We hope to notice, even if briefly, a larger number of the publications<br />
which reach us from time to time, some of which have, we fear,<br />
been neglected ; and it is our wish to increase the number of plates<br />
and other illustrations. This last improvement, however, must<br />
largely depend upon a like increase in the number of our subscribers.<br />
We are quite willing to continue our editorial work, which is still<br />
almost unremunerative, although the Journal at present does not<br />
—as at one time was the case—involve any pecuniary loss ; but<br />
we can hardly be expected to find also the means by which the<br />
work is to be carried on. There are still some who might readily<br />
afford the small annual sum required, who are not at present upon<br />
our list of subscribers ; and we venture to appeal to them for<br />
support.<br />
All contributions to the Journal, books for review, &c., should<br />
be addressed to 18, West Square, Southwark, S.E. Subscriptions<br />
and advertisements should be sent to the publishers, Messrs. West,<br />
Newman & Co., 54, Hatton Garden, E.G.<br />
James Beitten.<br />
Among the papers already in hand for 1891 may be mentioned:<br />
A List of First Eecords of British Plants, by W. A. Clarke,<br />
F.L.S.<br />
A Key to the Genera and Species of British Mosses (with<br />
plates), by the Rev. H. G. Jameson.<br />
On Galls in Bhochjinenia (with plate), by Ethel S. Barton.<br />
On the Histology of Pob/siphojiia fastijiata (with plate), by<br />
R. J. Harvey Gibson, M.A., F.L.S.<br />
New Fungi from Madagascar (with plate), by George Massee,<br />
F.R.M.S.<br />
Madagascar Ferns, by J. G. Baker, F.R.S.<br />
The Moss-Flora 'of the Doward Hills, by the Rev. Augustin<br />
Ley, M.A.<br />
Biography of Robert Uvedale, by G. S. Boulger, F.L.S.
INDEX.<br />
For Classified Articles, see— Articles in Journals; County Records; Obituary;<br />
Reviews. New species and varieties published in this volume are distinguished<br />
by an asterisk.<br />
Adiantiim Balausae,"262.<br />
iEclimea Donnellsmithii,"!' 305 : isabellina,'''<br />
305 ; sqiiarrosa,* 305<br />
Alberg's ' Floral King' (rev.), <strong>31</strong>6<br />
Aldrovandi's Herbarium, 277<br />
Algas of Arbroath, 10 ; Reinke's<br />
Atlas (rev.), 60; of Devon, 147;<br />
Cooke's Fresh-water (rev.), 250 ;<br />
of Hampshire, 334 ; of Berwick<br />
(rev.), 381<br />
Alpine Flora (rev.), 254<br />
Alsophila theosara,''' 262<br />
Althaea, Synopsis of, 140, 207; dissecta,"<br />
143 ;<br />
Loftnsii," 145<br />
Andean Plants, 161<br />
Anisopoda, 63<br />
AntrophyiTm vittarioides,* 267<br />
Arabis albida, 282<br />
Arenaria gothica, 282<br />
Arnold's ' Flora of Sussex ' (rev.)<br />
253<br />
Articles in Journals :<br />
Annals of Botany, 94, 191, <strong>31</strong>9<br />
Bot. Centralblatt, <strong>31</strong>,63, 94, 123,<br />
158, 191, 221, 255, 287, <strong>31</strong>9,<br />
352<br />
Bot. Gazette, 63, 95, 123, 158,<br />
191, 221, 287, <strong>31</strong>9, 352<br />
Bot. Notiser, <strong>31</strong>, 95, 191, 221,<br />
<strong>31</strong>9<br />
Bot. Zeitung, <strong>31</strong>, 63, 95, 123,<br />
158, 222, 255, 287, <strong>31</strong>9, 352<br />
Bnll. Soc. Bot. Belg., 95<br />
Biill. Soc. Bot. France, <strong>31</strong>, 95,<br />
123, 255, 288, <strong>31</strong>9<br />
Bull. Torrev Club, <strong>31</strong>, 96, 123,<br />
158, 191, 55, 288, 352<br />
Gardeners' Chronicle, <strong>31</strong>, 63, 96,<br />
123, 159, 191, 222, 255, 288,<br />
320, 352<br />
Journ. de Botanique, 96, 124,<br />
159, 191, 222, 288, 320, 352<br />
Journ. Linn. Soc, 63, 159, 191<br />
Journ. R. Microscop. Soc, 96<br />
La Nuova Notarisia, 159, 222,<br />
288<br />
Midland Naturalist, 255<br />
Notarisia, 63, 288, 352<br />
Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital,, 63, 159,<br />
255<br />
(Esterr. Bot. Zeitsch., 32, 64,<br />
96, 124, 159, 191, 222, 256,<br />
288, 320, 352<br />
Proc. Eoyal Irish Acad., 256<br />
Scottish Naturalist, 64, 256, 352<br />
Trans. Bot. Soc. Ediub., 32<br />
Asplenimn lepidorachis,''- 264 ; megaphyllum,*<br />
264 ; platvphyllum,='=<br />
264<br />
Babington, C. C, Rubus Dumnoniensis,'-''<br />
338<br />
Bagnall, J. E., Gerard's ' Science<br />
and Scientists ' (rev.), 59<br />
Bailey, L. H., Carex rigida, 171<br />
Bailey's ' Supplement to Queensland<br />
Flora,' 286<br />
Baker, E. G., Synopsis of Malvere,<br />
New<br />
15, 140, 207, 239, 339, 367 ;<br />
Plants from the Andes, 161<br />
Baker, J. G., New Guinea Ferns,<br />
103; Tonquia Ferns, 262; Guatemalan<br />
Bromeliaceae, 305 : appointed<br />
Curator at Kew, 217 ;<br />
Bromeliaceae (rev.), 24<br />
Balha, 128<br />
his<br />
Barclay, A., Indian Rusts and<br />
Mildews, 257<br />
Barnes' ' 380<br />
Keys to Mosses ' (rev.),<br />
Barrett-Hamilton, G., Wexford<br />
Plants, 87<br />
Barriiigton, R.<br />
ropiea, <strong>31</strong>5<br />
M _ Trientalis eu-<br />
Batters ''Algae of Berwick' (rev.), 381<br />
Jieeby, W. H., Potamogeton fluitans,<br />
203 ; Ruraex propinquus,<br />
217 ; Sparganium, 234<br />
Benbow, J., Middlesex Plants, 120<br />
Bennett, A. W., Pringsheimia, 92<br />
Bennett, Arthur, Iceland Records,<br />
78; Potamogeton Notes, 91, 92;<br />
2 C
386 INDEX.<br />
P, fluitans, 248 ;<br />
Potentilla mac-<br />
culata, 249; Nomenclature of<br />
Potamogetons, 297<br />
Bonia, 124<br />
Boswell, H., Memoir of J.B.Wood,<br />
86<br />
Boulger, G. J., Biogi-aphical Index<br />
of Botanists, 19, 52, 89, IIG, 151,<br />
184, 243, 279, 306, 345, 373<br />
Bracbyachenium, 63<br />
Brachypodium pinuatum, <strong>31</strong>5<br />
Cooke's ' Fresh-water Algae '<br />
(rev.),<br />
Braithwaite, R., Hypnum circinale,<br />
' <strong>31</strong>5 ; Moss-Flora ' (rev.), 350<br />
Briggs, T. R. A., Rubus erythrinns,<br />
204 ; R. sylvaticus, 274, 350 ;<br />
Rosa Briggsii, 350; I. W. N.<br />
Keys, 382<br />
Brit. Mus. Bot. Depart, for 1889,<br />
283<br />
Britten, J., Biogi-apbieal Index of<br />
Botanists, 19, 52, 89, 116, 151,<br />
184, 243, 279, 306, 345, 373;<br />
Buda V. Tissa, 157, 295; Nomenclature,<br />
372 ; Spergula pentandra<br />
in Ireland ? 302 ; Editorial, 383<br />
Britton, N. L., Botanical Nomenclature,<br />
371<br />
Bromeliaceae, Handbook 'of (rev.),<br />
24 ; New, 305<br />
Brousemichia, 222<br />
Brown, N. E., on Stapelieae, 142<br />
Brown, R., Papaver hybridum, 377<br />
Buda V. Tissa, 157, 295<br />
Butler, C, Irish Plants, 361<br />
Caddy's ' Linnaeus' (rev.), <strong>31</strong>6<br />
Campanula Barbeyi,"'= 171 ; Brotherorum,*<br />
273 ; cantabrica,-i=<br />
273 ; Cephallenica," 273 ; erueifolia,=>=<br />
268 ; fenestrellata,* 272,<br />
garganica, 269 ; istriaca,* 271<br />
lepida,- 272; lyratella,-<br />
Sporadum,* 268<br />
269;<br />
Cantherellus Whymperi,-'- 161<br />
Carex montana, 350; rigida, 171;<br />
tomentosa, 218<br />
Carruthers, J. B., McAlpine's ' How<br />
to know Grasses ' 250<br />
County Records:—<br />
Anglesea, <strong>31</strong>5<br />
Bedford, <strong>31</strong>5, 349<br />
Berks, 66, 68<br />
Brecon, 65<br />
Buckingham, <strong>31</strong>5<br />
Cambridge, 137, 173, 204, 321<br />
Cardigan, 188, 287<br />
Carnarvon, 65, 188, 350<br />
Cornwall, 66, 129, 276, 292, 366,<br />
382<br />
Cumberland, 66, 219, 354<br />
Denbigh, 189, 377<br />
Derby, 8, 9, 103, 129, 133, 282,<br />
376<br />
Devon, 6, 8, 65, 96, 99—102, 129<br />
—135, 147, 206, 236, 276, 339,<br />
359, 382<br />
Dorset, 66, 100—103, 129, 130,<br />
132—135, 206, 236, 276<br />
Essex, 192, 236<br />
Glamorgan, 157, 218<br />
Gloucester, 206, 218, 282<br />
Hants, 50, 66, 68, 96, 99—102,<br />
129, 130, 132—135, 206, 334,<br />
349, 351<br />
Hereford, 206, 236<br />
Herts, 66, 276<br />
Huntingdon, 204<br />
Kent, 4, 5, 69, 188, 218, 349<br />
Lancaster, 66, 376<br />
Merioneth, 248, 287, 353<br />
Middlesex, 68, 120<br />
Norfolk, 65, 92, 101, 103<br />
Northampton, 66, 121<br />
Northumberland, 381<br />
Oxford, 121, 227<br />
Pembroke, 236, 339<br />
Radnor, 5<br />
Salop, 276, 350<br />
Somerset, 183, 206, 284, <strong>31</strong>5, 349<br />
Stafford, 102<br />
Suffolk, 4, 66, 92, 206, 236, 282<br />
(rev.), 220<br />
Carruthers, W., On early Flora of<br />
SuiTey, 3—10, 102, 103, 132, 204,<br />
276<br />
Sussex, 32, 66, 204, 248, 253, 284,<br />
351<br />
England, 222; Report of Bot. Warwick, 102, 139, 100<br />
Dep. Brit. Mus., 18S9, 283 ;<br />
Books on Linnaeus (rev.), <strong>31</strong>6<br />
Westmoreland, 69<br />
Wilts, 57, 66, 236, 276, 350, 376<br />
Cesalpiui's Herbaria, 277<br />
Chara iragilis, 189<br />
Characese Notes, 1887—9, 65<br />
Worcester, 9, 65, 66, 255<br />
York, 4, 102, 157, 282, 353<br />
Cosinarium Turiieri,"- 337<br />
Clarke, C. B., Cyperus Jeminicus, 18<br />
Closterium striolatum, b. ortlio-<br />
Ci-ejiis foetida, 121 ; nicaeensis, <strong>31</strong>5;<br />
taraxacifolia, 248<br />
notum,-^ 336<br />
Cromer beds, plants of, 223
Cvathea Macgregorii, 104 ; Muel-<br />
'leri,- 104<br />
Cyperus Jeminicus, 18<br />
Darlington's * Naturalist Series,'<br />
287<br />
Davallia cicutarioides,"'- 166 ; phanerophlebia,"''<br />
262<br />
Davis'<br />
' Floweriug Plant' (rev.),<br />
189<br />
Dianthns gratianopolitanns, <strong>31</strong>6<br />
Dicksonia rhomLifolia/'' 105<br />
Distiacanthns, 20<br />
Docidiiini eoronatum, 335 ; Farquharsoni,*<br />
335<br />
Donnellsmithia, 95<br />
Drosera aiiglica, 349 ; Beds, species,<br />
349<br />
Druce, G. C, Scottish Plants, 39<br />
Crepisfuetida, 121; Carex tomentosa,<br />
218; Oxford Plants, 227;<br />
Helianthemum guttatum, <strong>31</strong>5<br />
Spergnla<br />
343<br />
pentandra in Ireland,<br />
Early Flora of England, 222<br />
Egerton-Warburton's ' Names of<br />
Brit. Plants ' (rev.), 28<br />
Elliott, G. F. S., Xysmalobium,<br />
3(52<br />
England, early Flora of, 222<br />
Epicladia, 62<br />
Epilobium notes, 2<br />
Euphrasia capitulata,'" 164<br />
Farquharson, B. F. O., 334<br />
Feer, H., New Campanulas, 268<br />
Ferns of New Guinea, 103 ; of<br />
Tonquin, 262 ;<br />
Fernseea, 26<br />
Indian, 145, 326<br />
Ferro's Herbarium, 278<br />
Festuca heterophylla, 47; arundinacea<br />
var. dubia, " 50<br />
Fitzgerald, 11. D., Pavouia hastata,<br />
217<br />
Flower, T, B., Lepidiimi Draba in<br />
Wales, 218<br />
Focke,<br />
129<br />
W. O., English Rnbi, 97,<br />
Fryer, A., I'otamogetons, 137; Supposed<br />
hybridity in, 173; P. falcatus,<br />
219 ; P. crispus, 225 ; P.<br />
fluitans, 249 ;<br />
P. crassifolius, 321<br />
Galpin's ' Plants of Harleston '<br />
(rev.), 92<br />
George, F, J., Autumn Howering of<br />
Mercurialis perennis, 376<br />
INDEX. 387<br />
Gepp, A., Brailhwaite's ' Moss-<br />
Flora' (rev.), 350; Barnes's Artificial<br />
Moss-Keys (rev.), 380<br />
Gerard's ' Science and Scientists '<br />
(rev.), 59<br />
Ghini's Herbarium, 276<br />
Giraulfs Herbarium, 277<br />
Glascott, L. S., Wexford Plants, 87<br />
Grasses, Agricultural (rev.), 122,<br />
220<br />
Graj-'s (Asa) 'Scientific Papers'<br />
(rev.), 121<br />
Gregory's Herbarium, 277<br />
Groves, H. & J., Briilsh Characeae,<br />
18S7—9, 65 ; John Ralls, 289<br />
Gymnogramme digitata,''' 267<br />
longisora,='= 267<br />
Halothrix, 61<br />
Hanbury, F. J., Highland Plants,<br />
179 ; Eanunculus ophioglossifolius,<br />
282 ; James Backhouse,<br />
353 ; his ' British Hieracia ' 94<br />
Hartig's 'Timbers' (rev.), <strong>31</strong>8<br />
Helianthemum guttatum, <strong>31</strong>5<br />
Helosis Whymperi,- (t. 297), 161<br />
Hemsley, W. B., Triumfetta subpalmata,'"<br />
1 ; Marianne North,<br />
329 ; appointed to Kew Herbarium,<br />
216<br />
Hepaticae, Irish, 200, 356 ; Bolivianae<br />
(rev.), 252; of Lindenberg's<br />
Herbarium, 377<br />
Herbaria, Old, 276<br />
Hieracia, Hanbury's British, 94<br />
Hieracium holophyllum,''' 376<br />
Hind, W. M., Arabis albida naturalised,<br />
282 ; his ' Flora of Suffolk<br />
' (rev.), 92; his herbarium,<br />
282<br />
Holmes, E. M., Devon Algse, 147<br />
Hope, C. W., Lastreas from Assam,<br />
145, 326<br />
Hybridity in Potamogeton, 17<br />
321<br />
Hymenophyllum ooides,* 105<br />
oxyodon,-'- 262<br />
Hypnum circinale, <strong>31</strong>5<br />
Iceland llecords, 78<br />
Indian Kusts and Mildews (t. 298<br />
257<br />
Irisli Plants, 65, (it), 68 69, 87, 110,<br />
200, 237, 256, 303, 343, 354, 35(>,<br />
361<br />
Introduced plants in Cornwall, 36<br />
Jack, J., Arbroath Alg«, 10
388 INDEX.<br />
Jackson, J. K., Hartig's ' '<br />
Timber<br />
(rev.), <strong>31</strong>8<br />
Juglandeae, Fruit of, 124<br />
Kew, Changes at, '^216<br />
Kirk's 'Forest Flora of N. Zealand'<br />
(rev.), 29<br />
Kitaibelia, Synopsis of, 16<br />
Kjellmannia, 61<br />
Lavatera, Synopsis of, 210, 239<br />
microphylla,''= 211<br />
Lejeunea Eossettiana, 157<br />
Lejeunese of Lindenberg's Herbarium<br />
(rev.), 377<br />
Lepidium Draba, 188, 218 ; ruderale,<br />
188<br />
Leptonema, 61<br />
Lindneria, 288<br />
Lindsaya tricrenata,"'' 106<br />
Linnean Society, 32, 64, 96, 124,<br />
160, 192, 222, 256<br />
Linton, E. F., Glamorgan Plants,<br />
157 ; Carex montana, 350<br />
Linton, E. F. & W. K., Scottish<br />
Plant-notes, 167<br />
Linton, W. R., Hieraciiun holophyllum,*<br />
376<br />
Lubbock, Sir J., on Fruit of Juglandeae,<br />
124 ; on shape of Oak-<br />
leaf, 125 ; on leaves of Viburnum,<br />
126 ; on Stipules, 127<br />
Lycopodium Macgregori,* 109<br />
McAlpine's ' How to know Grasses<br />
(rev.), 220<br />
McArdle, D., Irish Mosses, 237;<br />
Hepaticse, 356<br />
Malope, Sj-nopsis of, 16<br />
Malva, Synopsis of, 242, 339, 367<br />
borealis, 349 ; Durisei,* 340 ;<br />
subacauli.s,"-- 340<br />
Malveiu, Synopsis of,<br />
239, 3^)9, 367<br />
15, 140, 207,<br />
Marshall, E. S., Epilobium Notes<br />
for 1889, 2 ; Festuca heteroph ylla,<br />
47 ; Higliland Plants, 179 ; Kent<br />
Plants, 218<br />
Masdevallia (rev.), 32<br />
Massee, G., Monograph of Podaxis,<br />
33, 09<br />
Massia, 222<br />
JMilampsora Lini, 259<br />
Mt-rcurialis perennis, 376<br />
Microspongium, 61<br />
Mildfws, Indian, 257<br />
Miller, W. F., New Scottish liecords,<br />
28<br />
Monington, H. W., Merioneth<br />
Plants, 248<br />
Moorea, 255<br />
Murray, G., Vuillemin's 'Biologie<br />
Vegetale ' (rev.), 57 ; Cooke's<br />
'Freshwater Algae' (rev.), '250;<br />
Batters's ' Marine Algae of Berwick<br />
' (rev.), 381<br />
Myles, P. W., Davis' 'Flowering<br />
Plant' ^rev.), 189<br />
Nephrodium assamense,* 326; coriaceum,-'-<br />
3'28 ; Mannii,* 145;<br />
obovatum,''- 265 quinquefidum,^''^<br />
;<br />
'265 ; setulosum,''- 265 ; simu-<br />
lans,* 106 ; stenopteron,--= 265 ;<br />
subtriaugulare,''^ 327<br />
New Books, 94, '287<br />
New Guinea Ferns, 103<br />
New Zealand Forest Flora (rev.), 29<br />
Nitella Nordstedtiana (t. '296), 66<br />
Nomenclature, 157, 295, 371<br />
Oak-leaf, shape of, 125<br />
Obituary :<br />
Backhouse, James, 353<br />
Becker, Lydia Ernestine, 320<br />
Clarke, Benjamin, 84<br />
Clarke, Joshua, 192<br />
Hibberd, Shirley, 382<br />
Keys, Isaiah W. N., 382<br />
McNab, William Ramsay, 51<br />
North, Marianne, 329<br />
Ralfs, John, 289<br />
Wood, John Bland, 86<br />
Oliver, Prof., retiring from Kew<br />
Herbarium, 216<br />
Orchids, Middlesex, 120<br />
Palaua, Sj^nopsis of, 17<br />
Papaver hj'bridum, 377<br />
Pavonia hastata, 217<br />
Pearson, W. H., Scapania planifolia,<br />
219 ; Spruce's ' Hepaticae<br />
Bolivianie ' (rev.), 250 ; Lejeimeae<br />
of Lindenberg's Herbarium (rev.)<br />
377<br />
Podaxis, Monograph of, 33, 69 (tt.<br />
294— 5) ; aegyptica, 76 ; axata,<br />
75; carcinomalis, 75; Emerici,<br />
77 ; Farlowii,* 76 ; indica, 74 ;<br />
Mossamadensis, 76<br />
Polygonum arifolium in Kerry, 111<br />
Polypodium bipinnatifidiim,"' 109<br />
davalliaceum,''' 108 ; Knutsford<br />
ianum,* 107 ; locellatum,'>- 108<br />
loxoscaphoides,* 107 ; mega<br />
cuspe,''' 266; moUipilum,--- 107
Musgravianum,"- 108 ; scabri-<br />
Stanlej-anum," 107<br />
stipes,-'' 108 ;<br />
subselligueum,"'' 107 ; tonkin-<br />
ense,'- 266 ; trichopocliim,* 107 ;<br />
undosiim,"- 108<br />
Potamogeton notes, 91, 92; hy-<br />
bridityin, 173; nomenclature of,<br />
(t. 299), 321;<br />
297; crassifolms ••=<br />
crispus, 225 ; decipiens, 137 ; falcatus,<br />
219 ; fluitans, 203, 249 ;<br />
sibiricus,* 300<br />
Potentilla maculata, 248<br />
Preston, T. A., Wilts Plants, 57, 376<br />
Pringsheimia, 62, 92<br />
Priority in Nomenclature, 157,295,<br />
371<br />
Pteris dissitifolia,* 263<br />
Puccinia digraphidis,'" 213 ;<br />
pyri, 2G1 ;<br />
Sorghii, 257<br />
Fago-<br />
Ranunculus ophioglossifolius, 282<br />
Reinke's ' Meeresalgen' (rev.), 60<br />
Rendle, A. B., ' Handbook of Bromeliacese'<br />
(rev.), 24<br />
Reviews :<br />
Handbook of the Bromeliaceffi.<br />
J. G. Baker, 24<br />
Names and Synonyms of British<br />
Plants. G. Egerton-Warburton,<br />
28<br />
Index of British Plants. R. Turnbull,<br />
28<br />
The Forest Flora of New Zealand.<br />
T. Ku-k, 29<br />
Manual of Orchidaceous Plants.<br />
Part V. Masdevallia, 30<br />
La Biologie Vegetale. P. Vuillemin,<br />
57<br />
Science and Scientists. J. Gerard,<br />
59<br />
Atlas Deutscher Meeresalgen. J.<br />
Reinke, GO<br />
Flora of Suffolk. W.M.Hind,92<br />
Plants of Harleston. F. W. Galpin,<br />
92<br />
Scientific Papers ofAsa Gray, 121<br />
Agricultural Grasses. W. Wilson,<br />
122<br />
The Flowering Plant. I. B. Ainsworth<br />
Davis, 189<br />
How to know Grasses. A. N.<br />
McAlpiiie, 220<br />
Introduction to Fresh-water Algae.<br />
M. C. Cooke, 250<br />
Ilepaticae Boliviana;. R. Spruce,<br />
252<br />
Flora of Sussex. F. II. Arnold,<br />
253<br />
INDEX. 889<br />
Taschenflora des Alpeu -Wanderers.<br />
C. Schriiter, 254<br />
Handbook of Flora of Extratropical<br />
South Australia. R.<br />
Tate, 285<br />
Through the Fields with Linnaeus.<br />
Mrs. Caddy, <strong>31</strong>6<br />
The Floral King. A. Alb erg,<br />
<strong>31</strong>6<br />
Timbers, and how to know them.<br />
R. Hartig, <strong>31</strong>8<br />
British Moss-Flora. R. Braithwaite,<br />
350<br />
The Lejeunese of Lindenberg's<br />
Herbarivmi. F. Stephani, 377<br />
Artificial Keys to Mosses. C. R.<br />
Barnes, 380<br />
Marine Algae of Berwick-on-<br />
Tweed. E. A. L. Batters, 381<br />
Rhachidospermum, 221<br />
Roberts, W., Introduced plants in<br />
W. Cornwall, 366<br />
Rolfe, R. A., Scaphosepalum, 135<br />
Roper, F. C. S., Crepis taraxacifoUa,<br />
248 ; Welsh records, 350<br />
Rosa micrantha var. Briggsii, 350<br />
Roy, J., Freshwater Algae of Hampshire,<br />
334<br />
Rubus, Focke's notes on, 97, 129,<br />
166 ; anglosaxonicus, 166 ; Dumnoniensis,*<br />
339 ; erythrinus, 204<br />
pulcherrimus, 1G6 : silvaticus,<br />
274, 350 ; viridis, 166<br />
Rumex propinquus, 217, 256<br />
Rusts, Indian, 257<br />
Salmon, E. S., Malva borealis, 349<br />
Saunders, J., Crepis nicsensis, <strong>31</strong>4<br />
Brachj'podium pinnatum, <strong>31</strong>4 ;<br />
Droseras, 349<br />
Scapania planifolia, 219<br />
Scaphosepalum, Synopsis of, 135<br />
Sciadium Arbuscula, 121<br />
Schriiter's ' Taschentlora,' 254<br />
Scott, D. H., Reinke's 'Meeresalgen'<br />
(rev.), 60<br />
Scottish Plants, 3—14, 23, 32, 39,<br />
64—70, 9G, 167, 179, 217, 236,<br />
248, 256, <strong>31</strong>5, 339, 352, 354<br />
Scully, R. W., Kerry Plants, 110<br />
Kerry HepaticiB, 200<br />
Solaginolla tonkincnsis,* 268<br />
S.)ppitt, II. T., Puccinia digraphidis,-<br />
213<br />
Sporgula pentandra, 302, 343<br />
S{)ruco's ' Hepaticoe Bolivianse<br />
(rev.), 252<br />
Stapolioan, GpnerR of. 140
390 INDEX.<br />
Staurastrmu glabrnm, 337<br />
Stephani's ' Lejeuneae' (rev.), 377<br />
Siipule=:, 127<br />
Sugar-cane, fertilisation of, 128, 303<br />
Symphoricoccus, 61<br />
Taeniopleui'um, 03<br />
Tate's ' Handbook of S. Australian<br />
Flora' (rev.), 2^5<br />
Tillandsia spaisitiora,''= 306<br />
Tonquin Ferns, 262<br />
Townsend, F., Euphrasia capitulata,'-<br />
162<br />
Trientalis europaa, <strong>31</strong>5<br />
Triumfetta subpalmata,* (t. 293), 2<br />
Tunica, Synopsis of, 193 ; gracilis,"'<br />
196<br />
Turnbull's ' Index of Brit. Plants '<br />
(rev.), 28<br />
Uromyces Pisi, 260<br />
Veitch's ' Orchidaceous Plants '<br />
(rev.), 30<br />
Viburnum, leaves of, 126<br />
Vuillemin's<br />
(rev.), o7<br />
' Biologie Vegetale<br />
Weathers, J., 'Ma=-devallla' (rev.) ,30<br />
West, W., Sciarlium Ai'buscula,<br />
121 ; Lejeunea Eossett^ana, 157<br />
White, J. W., N. Devon Paibi, 22<br />
Whitwell, W., Lepidium Draba &<br />
L. ruderale in Wales, 188 ; Chava<br />
fragilis, 189 ; Arenaria gothica,<br />
282<br />
Whyinper"s Amlean Plants, 161<br />
Williams, F. N., Tmaica, 193 ;<br />
Plants described by Arduino,<br />
Dianthus caesius, <strong>31</strong>6<br />
293 ;<br />
Wilson's ' Agricultural Grasses<br />
(rev.), 122<br />
Xj'smalobium, Monograph of, 362<br />
angolense,* 365 ; confusum,''-<br />
363; Gerrardi,- 364; Holubii,"<br />
365 ; parviflorum,* 363 ; Stockenstromense,*<br />
364<br />
Zosterocarpus, <strong>31</strong>9<br />
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No. 326. FEBRUARY, 1890. Vol. XXVIII.<br />
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
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PAOB<br />
A Monograph of the Genus Podaxis<br />
DeBv.{=PodaxonFi.). By Geo.<br />
Massee. (Plates 294 & 295) .. 33<br />
Notes on Scotch Plants. By Q.<br />
Claridge Dboce, M.A., F.L.S. 39<br />
On Festuca heterophylla, &c., Lam.<br />
By the Rev. E. S. Makshall,<br />
M.A., F.L.S 47<br />
William Ramsay McNab . . . . 51<br />
Biographical Index of British and<br />
Irish Botanists. By James<br />
Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boul-<br />
OEB, F.L.S. (Continued) . . 52<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
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THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANl<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
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BRITISH MOSSES. Their Homes, Aspects, Structure, and Uses..<br />
Containing a Coloured Figure of each species, etched from Nature..<br />
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THE<br />
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SOWERBY'S ENGLISH BOTANY. Containing a Description<br />
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BOTANICAL LABELS FOR LABELLING HERBARIA,<br />
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No. 328. APRIL, 1890. Vol. XXVIII.<br />
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANT<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
Bbitish Museum (Natubai. History), South KENsraaTOM.<br />
PAGE<br />
Notes on English Eubi. By W. 0.<br />
FocKE, M.D 97<br />
Vascular Cryptogamia of New Guinea<br />
collected by Sir W. Macgregor.<br />
By J. G. Baker, F.R.S. 103<br />
Plants found in Kerrj', 1889. By<br />
Reginald W. Scully, F.L.S. . . 110<br />
Biographical Index of British and<br />
Irish Botanists. By James<br />
Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Bool-<br />
GEB, F.L.S. (Continued) . . 116<br />
Short Notes. — Middlesex Plants.<br />
Sciadium Arbuscula A. Braun.<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
LONDON:<br />
T<br />
PAGE<br />
—Crepis foetida L. in Northamptonshire<br />
120<br />
Notices of Books :<br />
Scientific Papers of Asa Gray.<br />
Selected by Charles Sprague<br />
Sargent 121<br />
Practical Observations on Agricultural<br />
Grasses and other Pasture<br />
Plants. By William Wilson,<br />
jun I2i<br />
Articles in Journals 1-2'i<br />
Linnean Society of London . . , . 124<br />
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BRITISH MOSSES. Their Homes, Aspects, Structure, and Uses.<br />
Containing a Coloured Figure of each species, etched from Nature.<br />
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THE<br />
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BOTANICAL LABELS FOR LABELLING HERBARIA,<br />
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No. 329. MAY, 1890. Vol. XXVIII.<br />
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
BaiTisB MnsECM (NATaBAi. HisTOBT), SouTH Eensinoton.<br />
PAOK<br />
Notes on English Rubi. By W. O.<br />
FocKE, M.D. (Concluded) . . 129<br />
The Genus ScapJwsepalum Pfitzer.<br />
By R. Allen Rolfe, A.L.S. . . 135<br />
Notes on Pondweeds. By Alfred<br />
Fryer 137<br />
Synopsis of Genera and Species of<br />
Malveee. By Edmund G. Baker,<br />
F.L.S. (Continued) 140<br />
A new Lcutrea from Assam. By<br />
C. W. Hope 145<br />
Marine Algae of Devon. By E. M.<br />
Hoi.MKS, F.L.S 147<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
LONDON<br />
The Genera of Stapeliece<br />
PAGE<br />
14!)<br />
Biographical Index of British and<br />
Irish Botanists. By James<br />
Britten, F.L.S. , and G. S. Boul-<br />
GER, F.L.S. (Continued) . . 151<br />
Short Notes.— Lejeunea Rossettiana<br />
Massal.—Glamorgan Plants.<br />
Buda V. Tissa 157<br />
Notices qf Books :<br />
Articles in Journals<br />
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O CIENCE AND SCIENTISTS :<br />
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O By the Eev. John Geeabd, S.J. :—1. Mr. Grant Allen's Botanical<br />
Fables. 2. Sir John Lubbock on Flowers and Insects.<br />
Wayside Problems. 4. "Behold the Birds of the Air."<br />
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•<br />
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" Those who are acquainted with Mrs. Gatty 's 'Parables from Nature,' and especially with her<br />
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by a competent and loving observer. In her present work she has endeavoured, and we think most<br />
successfully, to translate the terms and phrases of science into the language of amateurs. Mrs. Gatty's .<br />
familiarity with the plants themselves has enabled her to do this office without falling into the errors<br />
to which a mere compiler in separating from the beaten track would be liable." Gardeners' Chronicle. .<br />
THE<br />
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form, the Chief Characteristics of<br />
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British Plants, with the<br />
Botanical Names, Soil or Situation, Colour, Growth, and Time of<br />
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No. 330. JUNE, 1890. Vol. XXVIII.<br />
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
British Museum (Natoral History), South Kensington.<br />
PAOE<br />
New Plants from the Ancles. By<br />
Edmund G. Baker, F.L.S.<br />
(Plate 297) 161<br />
Notes on a new subspecies of<br />
Euphrasia ojicinalis L. By<br />
Frederick Townsend, M.P.,<br />
M.A., F.L.S 162<br />
Short Descriptive Notes on three<br />
Rubi. By W. 0. Focke, M.D. 165<br />
Aberdeen, Forfar, and Dumfries<br />
LMant-notes. By Edward F.<br />
Linton, M.A., and W. R. Linton,<br />
M.A. .. .' 167<br />
Carex rigida Gooden. and its Varieties.<br />
By Prof. L. H. Bailey. 171<br />
Supposed Hybridity in Potamo-<br />
(jeton. By Alfred Fryer. . . 173<br />
Notes on Highland Plants. By Rev.<br />
E. S. Marshall, M.A., F.L.S.,<br />
and F. J. IIanbury, F.L.S. . . 179<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
LONDON<br />
PAGE<br />
Biofjraphical Index of British and<br />
Irish Botanists. By James<br />
Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boul-<br />
GEE, F.L.S. (Continued) . . 184<br />
Short Notes.—Lepidium Draba L.,<br />
in Wales. — Lepidium ruderale<br />
L., in Carnarvonshire. Chara<br />
fragilis Desv., in Denbighshire. 188<br />
Notices of Books :<br />
The Flowering Plant: as illustrating<br />
the First Principles of<br />
Botany. By I. B. Ainsworth<br />
DAVisi B.A. . . —<br />
.<br />
. . . 189<br />
Articles in Journals. . 101<br />
Linnean Society of London .. .. 192<br />
Odituary: —<br />
Joshua Clarke, F.L.S 102<br />
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No. 3<strong>31</strong>. JULY, 1890. Vol. XXVIII.<br />
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
British MaaBUM (Natubai. Histobt), South KENstNaxoN.<br />
PAOE<br />
Synopsis of the genus Tunica. By<br />
Frederic N.Williams, F. L.S. 193<br />
Ilcpatica found in Kerry, 1889.<br />
By REGIN.U.D W. Scully, F.L.S. 200<br />
On Potamogeton Jluitans B.olh. By<br />
William H. Beeby 203<br />
Rubus erythrinus Genev. By T. R,<br />
Archer Briggs, F.L.S 204<br />
Synopsis of Genera and Species of<br />
Malvece. By Edmund G. Baker,<br />
F.L.S. (Continued) .. ..207<br />
Fuccinia digraphidis, n. sp. By<br />
Henry T. Soi'i'iTT 213<br />
Changes at Kew 21G<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
LONDON<br />
PAGE<br />
Short Notes.—Rumex irropinquus<br />
I. E. Aresch., in Britain. Pavonia<br />
hastata Cav. — Lepidium<br />
Draba L., in South Wales.<br />
Carex tomentosa L., in E. Gloster<br />
— Kent Plants. — Scapania<br />
planifoUa Hook. — Potamogeton<br />
falcatus<br />
Notices ok Books:—<br />
217<br />
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B. Sc, .. .' 220<br />
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No. 332. AUGUST, 1890. Vol. XXVIII.<br />
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
Notes on Pondweed<br />
Fbyeb<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
Bbitibh Museum (Natubai. Hjstoby), South KENsiNaxoN.<br />
PAOK<br />
By Alfred<br />
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Malvecc. By Edmund G. Baker,<br />
F.L.S. (Continued) .. ..239<br />
Biographical Index of British and<br />
Irish Botanists. By James<br />
Britten, F.L.S. , and G. S. Boul-<br />
GER, F.L.S. (Continued) .. 243<br />
Short Notes.— Crepis taraxaci/nlia<br />
in Sussex. PoUntilla viacalata<br />
Pourr., in Dumfries. — Merionethshire<br />
Plants. — Potamoyeton<br />
fiuitans Roth 248<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
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THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, P.L.S.,<br />
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PAGE<br />
On some HuBts and Mildews in<br />
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CONTENTS.<br />
LONDON:<br />
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ophioglossifolius in East<br />
Gloucestershire.—Flora of Suffolk.<br />
Arenaria gothica Fries.<br />
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THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOEEIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
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John Ralfs. (With Portrait) By<br />
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F.L.S. (Continued) .. 306<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
LONDON<br />
PAGE<br />
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No. 335. NOVE<strong>MB</strong>ER, 1890. Vol. XXVIII.<br />
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
British Museum (Natubai. History), South Kensington.<br />
On a new hybrid Potaniogeton of<br />
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Feyek. (Plate 299) 321<br />
Three new Lastreas from Assam.<br />
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Synopsis of Genera and Species of<br />
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Spergula jientandra in Ireland. By<br />
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LONDON<br />
PAGE<br />
Biographical Index of British and<br />
Irish Botanists. By James<br />
Britten, F.L.S.,and G. S. BouLger,<br />
F.L.S. (Continued) . . 34")<br />
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Hants. — Bedfordshire and its<br />
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Kent. Carex montana Linn, in<br />
N. Somerset. Rubus silvaticus<br />
W. & N.— Rosa micrantha Sm.,<br />
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Recoi'ds 34!)<br />
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SUBSCRIPTIONS HAVE EXPIRED.<br />
No. 336. DECE<strong>MB</strong>ER, 1890. Vol. XXVIII.<br />
THE<br />
JOURNAL OF BOTANY<br />
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.<br />
EDITED BY<br />
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,<br />
British Museuu (Natubax Histobt), South KsNaiNOTON.<br />
FAaE<br />
The late James Backhouse. (With<br />
Portrait) 353<br />
Hepaticce of Louehbray, Co. Wicklow.<br />
By David McArdle. .. 356<br />
New Stations of Irish Plants. By<br />
Cecil Butler, M.A 361<br />
The Genus Xysmalohium. By G. F.<br />
Scott Elliot, M.A., F.L.S. . . 362<br />
Introduced Plants in West Cornwall.<br />
By W. Roberts . . , . 366<br />
Synopsis of Genera and Species of<br />
Malvece. By Edmund G. Baker,<br />
F.L.S. (Continued) .. ..367<br />
Priority of Place in Botanical Nomenclature.<br />
By N. L. Britton,<br />
M.D 371<br />
Biographical Index of British and<br />
Irish Botanists. By James<br />
Britten, F.L.S,, and G. S. Boul-<br />
OER, F.L.S. (Continued) . . 373<br />
CONTENTS.<br />
LONDON:<br />
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