Vol 3 Land Resource Inventory Report - Department of Environment ...

NATURAL RESOURCE INVENTORY REPORT 

OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 

2010 

VOLUME 3: LAND RESOURCES 

INVENTORY OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 

Prepared by: Professor Biman Chand Prasad 

Dean 

Faculty of Business and Economics 

University of the South Pacific 

Suva 

Fiji

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

The preparation of the Natural Resource Inventory (NRI) report was a challenging task and 

the contribution of the following people cannot be left unmentioned. The following 

organisations and government departments who actively contributed in making the Natural 

Resource Inventory a success are are: 

Department of Energy 

Fiji Electricity Authority 

Fiji Locally Managed Marine Areas 

Fisheries 

Food Agriculture Organisation 

Hydrology department 

Institute of Applied Science 

Mareqeti Viti 

Meteorological Office 

Mineral Resource Department 

Ministry of Agriculture 

Ministry of Lands 

Ministry of Primary Industries 

Ministry of Town Planning 

National Trust 

Native Land Trust Board 

Non Government Organisations 

Secretariat for the Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commision 

Secretariat of the Pacific Community 

South Pacific Regional Environment Programme 


Wetland International 

Wildlife Conservation Society 

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ABBREVIATIONS 

FIMS Fiji Islands Meteorological Office 

FRA Forest Resource Assessment 

GoF Government of Fiji Islands 

MUF Multiple Use Natural Forest 

NRI Natural Resource Inventory 

OLWTC Other Land With Tree Cover 

OWL Other Wooded Land 

PET Protection Forest 

PIFS Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat 

PRF Preserved Forest 

PV Photovolaic 

SE South East 

W/NW West/North West 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

The preparation of the Natural Resource Inventory Report (NRI) is a requirement under the 

Environment Management Act (2005). Under the Environment Management Act (2005) 

s.13, the resource management unit is required to prepare the NRI report after consulting the 

important stakeholders such as the resource owners. Notably, this is the first NRI that has 

been prepared for Fiji. It is divided into six chapters and each chapter focuses on important 

aspects of the natural resources in Fiji. The major sub categories of NRI are the: 

Freshwater Resources 

Marine Resources 

Agricultural Resources 

Energy Resources 

Mineral Resources 

Chapter 3 focused on physical geography and soils of Fiji. The subsequent section analysed 

the native forests, logged forests, rehabilitated areas, protected forests, conservation areas, 

mangroves, and plantation forests. The third section focused on terrestrial flora and fauna of 

Fiji and the concluding section highlighted the gaps in existing literature in the field of land 

resource inventory of Fiji. 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................2 

ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................3 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................4 

DEFINITIONS: CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................7 

CHAPTER 3: LAND RESOURCES INVENTORY OF THE FIJI ISLANDS ..................9 

3.0 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................9 

3.1 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY ..........................................................................................9 

3.2 SOILS OF FIJI .............................................................................................................13 

3.3 FORESTS OF FIJI .......................................................................................................13 

3.4 NATIVE FORESTS.....................................................................................................13 

3.4.1 WOODED LANDS ..................................................................................................14 

3.4.2 NATURAL FORESTS .............................................................................................15 

3.5 LOGGED FORESTS ...................................................................................................16 

3.6 REHABILITATED AREAS ........................................................................................16 

3.7 PROTECTION FORESTS...........................................................................................17 

3.7.1 CONSERVATION AREAS .....................................................................................18 

3.7.2 MANGROVES .........................................................................................................18 

3.8 PLANTATION FORESTS ..........................................................................................18 

3.9 TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA ....................................................................19 

3.9.1 BIRDS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS ..............................................................................20 

3.9.2 LAND MAMMALS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS .........................................................21 

3.9.3 TERRESTRIAL SNAILS AND SLUGS OF FIJI ....................................................23 

3.9.4 LAND SNAILS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS ................................................................25 

3.10 A CHECKLIST OF THE INSECTS OF FIJI ............................................................36 

3.11 VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS ....................................................264 

3.11.1 CHECKLIST OF FLORA IN FIJI ........................................................................265 

3.12 RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY OF MAKOGADRA ISLAND, LOMAIVITI 

PROVINCE, FIJI ISLANDS ...........................................................................................387 

3.12.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................388 

3.12.2 METHODS ...........................................................................................................389 

3.12.3 RESULTS .............................................................................................................389 

3.13 INTRODUCED SPECIES .......................................................................................403 

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3.14 PLANTATION SPECIES ........................................................................................404 

3.15 INVASIVE/INTRODUCED SPECIES ...................................................................404 

3.16 MIGRATORY SPECIES .........................................................................................405 

3.17 ENDANGERED SPECIES ......................................................................................405 

3.18 ENDEMIC SPECIES ...............................................................................................406 

3.19 TRADED SPECIES .................................................................................................408 

3.20 STATE OF RESEARCH AND GAPS IN EXISITNG LITERATURE ..................408 

3.21 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................409 

3.22 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................411 

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DEFINITIONS 1 : CHAPTER 3 

1. Closed Forest-this includes natural forest with crown cover of trees and/or ferns 40- 

100% and ground coverage by palm and/or bamboo 50-80%. 

2. Coconut plantations- this includes areas of coconut plantations. 

3. Forest Plantations- this includes areas of man made forests with planted tree species. 

4. Forest- this includes land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 

meters and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these 

thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or 

urban land use. 

5. Inland water bodies- This includes land that is covered under major rivers, lakes and 

water dams. 

6. Non-Forest- this includes all other land that does into qualify under any of the forest 

classifications. 

7. Other land- this includes all land that is not classified as ‗forest‘ or ‗other wooded 

land‘. 

8. Other land with tree cover (Subordinated to other land) - this includes land classified 

as ‗other land‘, spanning more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy cover of more than 

10% of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at maturity. 

9. Other wooded land- this includes land that is not classified as ‗Forest‘ (spanning more 

than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent, 

or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ; or with a combined cover of shrubs, 

bushes and trees above 10 percent. Further, it does not include land that is 

predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. 

10. Primary Designated Function- this is the primary function or management objective 

assigned to a management uinit either by legal prescription, documented decision of 

the landowner/manager, or evidence provided by documented studies of forest 

management practices and customary use. 

11. Production area- this includes forest area designated primarily for production of 

wood, fibre, bio-energy and/or non wood forest products. 

1 All the definitions has been provided by Ministry of Forestry (Food and Agriculture Organisation of United 

Nations, 2010) 

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12. Proection of soil and water area- this includes forest area designated primarily for 

protection of soil and water. 

13. Consevation of biodiversity- this includes forest area designated primarily for 

conservation of biological biodiversity. 

14. Multiple Use- this includes forest area designated primarily for more than one purpose 

and where none of these alone is considered as the predominant designated function. 

15. Plantation Forest- this includes man made forests, established for the production of 

industrial wood and further includes all mahogany and pine plantations. 

16. Preserved Forest- this includes area of natural forest to be maintained in an 

undisturbed natural condition for the preservation of biological values. It includes all 

biodiversity forest conservation areas, forest parks and forest reserves. 

17. Protection Forest- this includes areas of forest with 30 degrees slope and above. 

Timber harvesting or other forestry operations would be restricted to minor forest 

products or to manual or non-mechanized timber extraction. 

18. Multiple Use Natural Forest- this includes areas of forests such as carrying indigenous 

forest vegetation to be maintained under forest cover and to be managed for the 

purpose of timber production, catchment protection, wildlife habitat, forest recreation 

and amenity uses and for minor forest products. 

19. Forestation- this is the establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate 

seeding on land. 

20. Reforestation- this includes re-establishment of forest through planting and/or 

deliberate seeding on land classified as forest. 

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CHAPTER 3: LAND RESOURCES INVENTORY OF THE FIJI 

ISLANDS 

3.0 INTRODUCTION 

Fiji is situated in the South Pacific Ocean. It is about two thirds of the way from Hawaii to 

New Zealand. Notably, Fiji became independent in 1970 after nearly a century as a British 

Colony (United Nations, 2010). When compared to other large countries, Fiji is just a ‗small 

dot‘ in the world map. However, it is home to many endangered and endemic species of this 

world. Fiji has rich variety of flora and fauna and the discussion of land resource inventory 

of Fiji is incomplete without emphasis on terrestrial flora and fauna of Fiji. Against this 

backdrop, this chapter will analyse and examine the land resource inventory of Fiji. The 

introductory sections of this chapter will focus on physical geography and soils of Fiji. The 

subsequent section will analyse the native forests, logged forests, rehabilitated areas, 

protected forests, conservation areas, mangroves, and plantation forests. The third section 

will focus on terrestrial flora and fauna of Fiji and the concluding section will highlight on 

gaps in existing literature in the field of land resource inventory of Fiji. 

3.1 PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY 

Fiji islands comprise of more than 320 islands, about one-third of which are inhabited. It lies 

between 177° E and 178° W Longitude and 12° and 22° S Latitude (Secretariat of the Pacific 

Regional Environment Programme, 2004:1). Fiji islands include an Exclusive Economic 

Zone (EEZ) of 1.6 million km² and a land area of 18,333 km 2 (Secretariat of the Pacific 

Regional Environment Programme, 2004:1). Suva is the capital of Fiji. Many of the Fiji 

islands have low-lying coral structures with limited soil and water, the majority of the land is 

on continental-like volcanic islands that rise to well over 1000 metres in elevation 

(Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2004:1). Notably, the larger 

volcanic islands are characterised by steep, mountainous country, deeply incised by rivers 

and streams, supporting a wide variety of ecosystems with significant areas of natural forest 

and coastal and marine ecosystems including mangrove forests and coral formations 

(Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2004:1). The islands are 

bordered by an extensive system of fringing and barrier reef including the Astrolabe Reef, the 

third largest barrier reef structure in the world (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional 

Environment Programme, 2004:1). The climate is tropical with an average annual 

temperature of 26 o C and relatively heavy annual rainfall, especially on the windward sides of 

the larger islands (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2004:1). The 

average annual rainfall ranges from 1800 - 2600 mm. Fiji is considerably richer in natural 

resources than its Polynesian and Micronesian neighbours (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional 

Environment Programme, 2004:1). There are areas of tropical rainforest containing valuable 

timbers, alluvial plains rich in soil, cool high uplands suitable for temperate produce, and 

commercially viable mineral deposits, fish, and other marine resources (Secretariat of the 

Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 2004:1). Table 3.1 and figure 3.1 shows physical 

characteristics of the Fiji Islands. 

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Table 3.1: Physical Characteristics of Fiji Islands 

Island Area 

(km 2 ) 

% 

of 

total 

Features 

Viti Levu 10,429 56.9 Volcanic, well forested with 29 peaks >900 m (highest is 

1325 m), about 50 rivers (largest is Rewa of which 130 km 

is navigable). SE is wettest and W /NW driest. 

Vanua Levu 5,556 30.3 Volcanic, well-forested with peaks over 1,000 m, about 40 

rivers and over 20 thermal springs spread over 3,900 km 2 . 

Taveuni 470 2.6 Volcanic, well-forested with highest peak of 1,230 m; 

numerous waterfalls, many inaccessible. One small lake. 

Kadavu 411 2.2 Volcanic with highest peak of 835m. Well-watered by short 

streams. 

Gau 140 0.8 Rugged, hilly with 550 m peak. Well-watered by short 

streams. 

Koro 104 0.6 Rugged with two peaks over 700m and both rainforest and 

dry zone vegetation. 

About 300 1,223 6.6 Vary but mostly low islands, many coral. 

others 

Total 18,333 100 

Source: Government of Fiji Islands, (1997) as cited in (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional 

Environment Programme, 2004:1). 

Figure 3.1: Physical Characteristics of Fiji Islands 

30% 

3% 

1% 

2% 1% 

7% 

Source: Created by Author, (2010). 

10 

56% 

Viti Levu 

Vanua Levu 

Taveuni 

Kadavu 

Gau 

Koro 

300 other islands 

Table 1 and figure 1 shows that Viti Levu has 56.9% land area, Vanua Levu has 30.3% of 

land area, Taveuni has 2.6% of land area, Kadavu has 2.2% of land area, Gau has 0.8% of 

land area, Koro has 0.6% of land area and about 300 other islands consist of 6.6% of land 

area.

Map 3.1: Physical Geography of Viti Levu 

Source: Parham, (1972:13). 

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Map 3.2: Physical Geography of Vanua Levu 

Source: Parham, (1972:13). 

12

3.2 SOILS OF FIJI 

Studies confirm that 65% of soils have been developed on steep slopes (over 21 o ), 20% on 

gently undulating and hilly land (4-21 o ) and 15% on flat land (under 4 o ) (Leslie, 1997 as 

cited in Macfarlane, 2009). Lowland (below 600 m, mean annual temperature over 22 o C) 

soils are formed on beach sands, marine marshes, poorly and well-drained alluvia, highly 

organic parent material, acidic and non-acidic terraces and peneplains (Macfarlane, 2009). 

Further, soils from lowland rolling and hilly terrain are formed from young and weathered 

volcanic materials, volcanic ash over reef limestone, calcareous tuffs and marls and from 

basic, intermediate and acidic geologies (Macfarlane, 2009). Upland soils (over 600 m, mean 

annual temperature 15-22 o C) are formed on recent poorly and well-drained alluvia, raw 

volcanic materials and basic rocks (Leslie, 1997 as cited in Macfarlane, 2009). Low 

available soils such as sculpture, potassium, copper, molybdenum are the most likely limiting 

chemical attributes of grazing land soils (Macfarlane, 2009). Importantly, the most fertile 

soils are in the floodplains of the Sigatoka, Rewa, Nadi, Ba, Navua and Labasa rivers and 

these soils are generally derived from basic volcanic parent material (Macfarlane, 2009). 

3.3 FORESTS OF FIJI 

During 2006-2008, the Natural Forest Inventory (NFI) was carried out in Fiji. The outcome 

of the NFI was new forest definitions for forests in Fiji. In particular, under the new forest 

definitions the following new definitions were incorporated: 

Closed forest-Includes the former ‗Dense and Medium Sized Forest‘. 

Open Forest-Includes the former category of ‗Scattered Forest‘. 

Non-Forests and Inland Water Bodies- These are now calculated for the first time and 

thus did not appear in the 1991 data. 

(Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010) 

Table 3.2: Total Forest Cover in Fiji Under NFI 

National Class (1000 

ha) 

1990 1991 1992 1996 1997 1998 2002 2007 

Closed Forest 704.856 556.385 

Open Forest 152.665 342.845 

Pine plantations 43.63 49.62 51.56 51.38 51.38 52.88 48.59 93.524 

Hardwood plantations 36.24 39.22 41.64 50.23 50.69 51.4 52.33 60.448 

Coconut plantations 34.56 27.137 

Non-forests 629.835 

Inland water 19.208 

Total land area 946.361 1729 


3.4 NATIVE FORESTS 

Native forests are subdivided into 2 major categories which include protection forests and 

multiple use forests (Ministry of Forest, 2006:9). Table 3.3 and figure 3.2 shows the 

proportions of each of the categories of forest types. 

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Table 3.3: Major Forest Types at December 2006 

Forest Uses Estimated Area Percentage 

Multiple Use Forests 549, 394 64.1 

Protection Forests 308,114 35.9 

Totals 857, 508 100 

Source: Ministry of Forest, 2006:9. 

Table 3.3 shows major native forest types in Fiji. Out the total percentage of forests present 

in Fiji, 64.1% are Multiple Use forests and 35.9% are Protection Forests. Natural forests also 

include Multiple Use Forests and Protection Forests. 

Figure 3.2: Major forest types at December 2006 

Source: Created by Author, (2010). 

Over 80% of Fiji‘s native forests are communally owned (Ministry of Forest, 2006:9). This 

poses a great challenge to the management of native forests as the rights to the resource rests 

with the forest owners but legislation on how the resource is to be utilized rests with the state 

(Ministry of Forest, 2006:9). This challenge is even greater when dealing with issues of 

protected areas, as the state has to define what constitute a protected forest (Ministry of 

Forest, 2006:9). Under Fiji‘s National Land Use Policy land classification; 67-72% of Fiji‘s 

forests are in rough terrain and 13-17 percent are under medium terrain; while only 16% are 

under easy or relatively flat terrain (Ministry of Forest, 2006:9). 

3.4.1 WOODED LANDS 

Wooded lands include dry areas of gully forests and bits and pieces of re-growing tree stands 

in agricultural and grazing lands (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 

2010). Table 3.4 shows forest areas derived from calibrated forest area statics of FRA 2010 

categories. 

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Table 3.4: Forest Area Derived From Calibrated Forest Area Statics of FRA 2010 Categories 

FRA 2010 Categories Area (1000 hectares) 

1990 2000 2005 2010 

Forest 952.9 980.44 997.26 1014.08 

Other wooded land 45.1 60.3 68.97 77.64 

Other land 829.0 786.26 760.77 735.28 

…of which with tree cover 56.9 61.4 63.893 66.39 

TOTAL 1882.9 1888.4 1890.9 1893.4 


Table 3.4 shows forest areas derived from calibrated forest area statics of FRA 2010 

categories. The calibrated forest area statics encompasses areas of Closed Forest, Plantations 

(Pine and Hardwood) and 70% of Open Forest. The other wooded land (OWL) is majority 

20% of open forest. The other land with tree cover (OLWTC) is 10% of Open Forest and 

Coconut plantations. 

Table 3.5: Forecasted National Class Forest Classification in Fiji 

National Class (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 

Closed Forest 702.747 639.0066 602.4236 565.8406 

Open Forest 225.639 301.524 344.854 388.184 

Pine plantations 52.363 77.286 92.656 108.026 

Hardwood plantations 39.797 53.08 60.78 68.48 

Coconut plantations 34.297 31.248 29.408 27.568 

Non-forests 685.679 685.679 685.679 

Inland water 21.484 ** 2 ** ** 

Total land area 1,827 1,827 1,827 1,827 


Table 3.5 shows national class forest classification in Fiji. Table 3.5 shows that in 2010 the 

forecasted ‗Closed Forest‘ are 565.8406 hectares, ‗Open Forest‘ are 388.184 hectares, ‗Pine 

Plantations‘ are 108.026 hectares, ‗Hardwood Plantations‘ are 68.48 hectares, ‗Coconut 

Plantations‘ are 27.568 hectares, ‗Non-Forests‘ are 685.679 hectares and finally the data for 

‗Inland Water‘ is not available for 2000, 2005 and 2010. 

3.4.2 NATURAL FORESTS 

Forests are defined as land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters 

and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ 

(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010). It does not include land 

that is mainly under agricultural or urban land use. There are two categories of forests under 

the national class of forest classification and definitions. ‗Closed Forest‘ encompasses of 

natural forest with crown cover of trees and/or ferns 40-100% and ground coverage by, palm 

and/or bamboo over 20% (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010). 

Further, ‗Open Forest‘ encompasses of natural forest with crown cover by trees and/or ferns 

10-40% and ground coverage by palm and/or bamboo 50-80% (Food and Agriculture 

Organization of the United Nations, 2010). According to table 3.5, the Forecasted National 

2 Data is not available for these years 

15

Class Forest Classification in Fiji shows that in 2010 the forecasted area of ‗Closed Forest‘ is 

565.8406 hectares and ‗Open Forest‘ is 388.184 hectares (Food and Agriculture Organization 

of the United Nations, 2010). 

3.5 LOGGED FORESTS 

Logging is becoming a growing concern in the South Pacific Island Countries and Fiji is not 

an exception to this man contributed phenomena. Forests have been continuously removed in 

Fiji to provide space for industrial growth. Industrial revolution in Fiji is taking place in Fiji 

at the expense of degradation of natural environment from logging practices. Approximately 

90% of ‗Unexploited Production Forests‘ and 83% of all ‗Fijian Forests‘ are under the 

customary ownership in Fiji. All negotiations for undertaking logging practices for industrial 

use is done by Native Land Trust Board (NLTB) (Chatham, 2010). Essentially, the 

government runs a number of institutions primarily for the purpose of educating communities 

on the importance of sustainable forests resource management (Chatham, 2010) 

. 

Furthermore, around 15,000 hectares of natural forest have already been harvested in Fiji 

(Chatham, 2010). Essentially, logging is carried out using a selection system. However, 

there are very little post harvest management systems in place to foster re-planting of the 

logged areas (Chatham, 2010). Usually in the case of Fiji the logged areas become an 

essential ground for undertaking industrial activity. The Fiji government has made important 

achievements in sustainable forest resource management (Chatham, 2010). Government of 

Fiji was able of achieve sustainable forest resource management by using ‗National Code of 

Logging Practice‘ (Chatham, 2010). 

3.6 REHABILITATED AREAS 

Rehabilitated areas basically include the amenity plantation (Ministry of Forestry, 2010b). 

Amenity plantations are sites of or intended areas for plantations primarily for some amenity 

reasons such as reforestation, catchments rehabilitation, and landscape improvement 

(Ministry of Forestry, 2010b). Map 3.5 shows that rehabilitated areas (amenity plantations) 

in Fiji. 

16

Map 3.2: Forest Cover of Fiji 

Source: Ministry of Forestry (Unpublished material), 2010b. 

Key 

Amenity Plantation- is sites of or intended areas for plantations primarily for some amenity 

purposes such as reforestation, catchment rehabilitation, and landscape improvement. Timber 

production would be permissible to the extent compatible with the retention of the amenity 

value, but is not the primary purpose. 

Amenity 

Pine 

Amenity 

Hardwood 

3.7 PROTECTION FORESTS 

Protection forests are areas of highly sensitive forests by virtue of their topography, climate, 

soil type or a combination (Ministry of Forestry, 2010). It also includes forest parks and 

forest conservation areas (Ministry of Forestry, 2010). Timber harvesting is prohibited in 

such areas but restricted to the collection of minor forest produce (Ministry of Forestry, 

2010). Conservation areas are a sub-component of the Protection Forest Category (Ministry 

of Forestry, 2010). The next section will discuss about conservation areas. 

17

3.7.1 CONSERVATION AREAS 

Conserved areas are areas of natural forest to be maintained in an undisturbed natural 

condition and for the preservation of specific biological values (Ministry of Forestry, 2010d: 

2). It includes the Forestry Department Nature Reserves, other legally established reserved 

and other areas of known unique, rare or consideration for formal preservation (Ministry of 

Forestry, 2010d: 2). This includes the formal proposals or recommendations for World 

Heritage, Nature Reserves or National Park Status (Ministry of Forestry, 2010d: 2). 

3.7.2 MANGROVES 

Mangroves stand in the shallow saltwater with propped up long, spindly roots sunk into the 

seabed (Joyce, 2007). According to Jennifer Hoffman (a marine biologist), mangroves live at 

a particular zone, that is, between ocean and land. Notably, even though the mangroves are 

used to living in such a condition, they can still be drown if the water level gets too high or if 

the water becomes too salty (Joyce, 2007). Mangrove areas were originally classified as 

conserved areas because of their high biological diversity, national and international 

importance (Ministry of Forestry, 2010d: 2). Table 3.6 shows Special Forest Resource 

Assessment 2010 categories. 

Table 3.6: Special Forest Resource Assessment 2010 Categories 

FRA 2010 Categories Area (1000 hectares) 

1990 2000 2005 2010 

Rubber plantations 0 0 0 0 

Mangroves (Forest and OWL) 86.908 100.192 107.904 115.62 

Bamboo (Forest and OWL) 0 0 0 0 


Table 3.6 shows Special Forest Resource Assessment 2010 categories. Table 3.6 shows that 

‗Mangroves‘ were 86.908 hectares in 1990, 100.192 hectares in 2000, 107.904 hectares in 

2005 and 115.62 hectares in 2010. 

3.8 PLANTATION FORESTS 

Plantation forests are man made forests, established for the production of industrial wood 

includes all Mahogany and pine plantations. Table 3.7 shows areas of various forests types in 

Fiji based on National Classes. 

Table 3.7: Areas of Various Forests Types in Fiji Based on National Classes 

National Classes Forest (1000 hectares) 

1990 2000 2005 

Production Forests 85.716 116.957 132.578 

Protection Forests 304.200 304.200 304.200 

Preserved Forests 68.800 68.880 88.800 

Multiple Use Forests 465.701 501.233 498.999 

Total 924 991 1,025 


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Table 3.7 shows areas of various forest types in Fiji Based on National Classes. Table 3.7 

shows that ‗Production Forests‘ in 2005 was 132.578 hectares, ‗Protection Forest‘ in 2005 

was 304.200 hectares, ‗Preserved Forests‘ in 2005 was 88.800 hectares and ‗Multiple Use 

Forests‘ in 2005 was 498.999 hectares. 

Table 3.8 shows the projection for 2010 forest types from the 2007 Natural Forest Inventory 

(NFI) figures. 

Table 3.8: Projection for 2010 Forest Types Under Forest Resource Assessment Categories 

National Classes Forest (1000 hectares) 

1990 2000 2005 2010 

Production Forests 85.716 116.957 132.578 176.505 

Protection Forests 304.200 304.200 304.200 92.076 

Preserved Forests 68.800 68.880 88.800 88.800 

Multiple Use Forests 465.701 501.233 498.999 780.563 

Total 924 991 1,025 1137.944 


Table 3.8 shows the projection for 2010 forest types from the 2007 Natural Forest Inventory 

(NFI) figures. Table 3.8 shows that projected ‗Production Forests‘ for 2010 is 176.505 

hectares, ‗Protection Forest‘ for 2010 is 92.076 hectares, ‗Preserved Forests‘ for 2010 is 

88.800 hectares and ‗Multiple Use Forests‘ for 2010 is 780.563 hectares. 

3.9 TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA 

The flora varies considerably between the leeward and windward side and is divided into the 

following categories: 

1. Beach flora: The common species found in Fiji beaches are similar to those species 

found on other islands of the tropical Pacific. These trees include Barringtonia 

asiatica, B. racemosa, Calophyllum inophyllum, Intsia bijuga, Hernandia peltata, 

Guettarda speciosa, Terminalia litoralis, Maniltoa grandiflora, Acacia simplicifolia, 

Leucacena leucocephala, Hibiscus tiliaceus and Pandanus odoratissimus. The shrubs 

that are found in the beach flora include Desmodium umbellatum, Cerbera manghas, 

Sophora tomentosa, Scaevola taccada var. sericea, Vitex trifolia, and Messerschmidia 

argentea. The creepers include Canavalia maritime, Ipomoea brasiliensis and Vigna 

marina. The grasses include Sporobolus virginicus and Thuarea involuta (Parham, 

1972:15). 

2. Mangrove Flora: The mangrove flora is found near the coasts, estuaries and river 

mouths. The common species of the mangrove trees are Bruguiera gymnorhiza, 

Rhizophora mangle, R. mucronata, Lumnitzera coccinea and Xylocarpus granatum; 

the creepers Derris trifoliate and Entada phaseoloides. The species of fern include 

Acrostichum aureum and the species of grass include Paspalum distichum (Parham, 

1972:17). 

3. Dry Zone Flora: The flora covering the dry zone areas includes the introduced grass 

Pennisetum polystachyon. The ferns include Pteridium esculentum and Dicranopteris 

linearis and the shrubs include Dodonaea viscose, Hibbertia lucens, Leucopogon 

cymbulae and Decaspermum fruticosum. The small trees are Marinda citrifolia, 

Alphitonia spp., Mussaenda raiateensis, Acacia richi, Syzygium richii, Casuarina 

equisetifolia. Pandanus odoratissimus and Cycas rumphii f. seemannii. Other 

19

essential species of flora on the dry zone are reeds. The species of reeds include 

Miiscanthus floridulus and the grasses, Sporobolus elongates, Paspalum orbiculare 

and Heteropogon contortus, Dichanthium caricosum and Panicum maximum 

(Parham, 1972:18). 

4. Intermediate Zone flora: Areas of intermediate zone flora include the mixed cover on 

the leeward hill slopes that includes the grasses and small shrubs and the windward 

sides are covered with light forest (Parham, 1972:19). 

5. Wet Zone Flora: The wet zone flora is usually found on the windward sides of the 

larger islands and the flora consists of forests. The combination of the forest trees 

varies and it is difficult to give a good picture of the flora that is present in the wet 

zone of Fiji. Some of the wet zone areas of Fiji consist of Agathis vitiensis and 

Dacrydium nidulum var. nidulum. The most common forest flora in addition to those 

mentioned are the trees Podocarpus neriifolius, Dacrycarpus imbricatus, 

Decussocarpus vitiensis, Calophyllum vitiense, Fagracea gracilipes, Intsia bijuga, 

Syzygium effusum, Serianthes Melanesia, Endospermum macrophyllum, Dysoxylum, 

spp., Burckella spp., Casuarina nodiflora, Myristica castaneifolia, Ficus spp., 

Elaeocarpus spp., Balaka spp. and the undershrubs include Psychotria spp., 

Cyrtandra spp., Alpinia spp., Freycinetia spp. In the wet zone flora numerous tree 

ferns are found as well as epiphytic orchids, mosses and giant lianes (Parham, 

1972:20). 

A study conducted by Balgooy (1971) as cited in Department of Environment (1997:6) stated 

that the vascular flora of Fiji is taken as an addition to the Indo-Malesian floristic province. 

Further, about 90% of all seed plant genera found in Fiji is present in New Guinea. Building 

onto this idea, Robinson (1975) as cited in Department of Environment (1997:7) suggested 

that more than 3500 insect species inhabit the Fiji group. Fiji has 400 spp. of 

macrolepidoptera. Fiji‘s cicada fauna consists of 15 species (Department of Environment, 

1997:7). Notably, there is no review of Fijian terrerstrial molluscs but Solem (1974) as cited 

in Department of Environment (1997:6) records 58 species for Viti Levu. The Convention on 

Biological Diversity 1997 National Report to the Conference of the Parties highlights that 

there are 55 terrestrial species of breeding birds in Fiji as cited in Department of Environment 

(1997:9). Fiji‘s only indigenous mammals are bats of which there are six known species, 

four of which are megachiropterans and two microchiropterans. Fiji's wholy terrestrial reptile 

fauna consists of 27 reptile species as cited in Department of Environment (1997:9). Two 

indigenous amphibia, both endemic frogs of the genus Platymantis occur in Fiji as cited in 

Department of Environment (1997:9). 

3.9.1 BIRDS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 

Birds are perhaps one of the most enigmatic groups of living creatures having evolved since 

the Jurassic period (150-200 million years ago) to exist in almost all the land-masses of earth. 

Their unique characters of wings, two feet, warm-blooded and egg-laying warranted their 

placement under the class Aves (phylum Chordata, sub-phylum Vertebrata). The exact 

number of living bird species is not known, but an estimate of around 10,000 species has 

been suggested. 

Birds are important ecologically, through pollination of wild and agricultural plants to 

dispersal of seeds to new environments. While some birds feed exclusively on plants, others 

are predators, feeding on small insects, reptiles, mammals, even other birds, such as the Fiji 

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), the Swamp Harrier (Circus approximans) and the Fiji 

20

Goshawk (Accipiter rufitorques). From a human perspective birds were once commonly used 

for sending and receiving messages (homing pigeon [a variety of the Fiji feral pigeon] - 

Columba livia), for fishing (cormorant – Phalacrocorax spp.) and as food (eggs, poultry and 

guano). As vast distances covered by migrating birds (e.g. Pacific golden plover – Pluvialis 

fulva) they can become carriers of some diseases. Birds also make admirable flagships, totem 

to some indigenous communities and area also environmental indicators. There is a growing 

tourism in bird-watching throughout the world and Fiji‘s endemic birds are part of this 

tourism adventure. 

A summary of the historical account of Fijian birds can be found in Dick Watling‘s (2001) ‗A 

guide to the birds of Fiji & Western Pacific‘. Bird exploration of Fiji can be categorised in 

three phases. The first involves the early European exploration (1820s to late 1880s), which 

included the French explorer Jules Dumont d‘Urville, who collected a few specimens from 

Fiji. The US Wilkes Exploring Expedition followed with surveys from 1838-1842 with a few 

species noted. The second phase (1920-1940) included the Whitney South Sea Expedition, 

which is notable for applying scientific discipline in bird surveys. This made bird research 

more coherent than previous expeditions. The third phase began in the 1950s and has 

culminated in a modern treatise of the bird fauna of Fiji. There are numerous research 

activities on the birds of Fiji, including the latest on documenting the population of the only 

Fiji endemic nesting sea-bird the Fiji Petrel (Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi) coordinated by a 

local non-governmental organisation Nature Fiji (Mareqeti Viti). 

The bird biodiversity of Fiji is grouped into six categories (adopted from Birdlife 

International, 2006); namely, Native breeding land-birds (57 species and 3 extinct species); 

Introduced birds (11 species); Native breeding seabirds (19 species); Non-breeding migrant 

(and vagrant) seabirds (29 species); Non-breeding migrant (and vagrant) waders (22 species); 

Non-breeding migrant (and vagrant) land-birds (1 species). 

From an island perspective this is a fairly rich fauna with a significant proportion of endemic 

species. Thus a total of 142 bird species (including 4 extinct) are catalogued for the Fiji 

avifauna. 

BirdLife International survey undertaken in August 2008 failed to find the Red-throated 

Lorikeet. However, the team concluded that more resources are needed to undertake 

extensive research in order to find the lorikeet. In mid 2009, an expedition to find the elusive 

Fiji Petrel proved successful and for the first time scientists were able to capture images of 

the bird, as well as detailed descriptions of its flight and behaviour. A number of researchers 

have undertaken some research on the distribution of birds throughout Fiji. This includes 

Naikatini‘s research on forest birds (Naikatini, 2008). A few of Birdlife International‘s 

sponsored students have completed their theses on the following areas; namely, spatial 

relationships between forest birds and habitats in degraded and non-degraded forest, a 

comparative study of bird abundance and diversity in non-degraded and degraded midaltitude 

rainforests of the Viti Levu southern highlands. 

3.9.2 LAND MAMMALS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 

Mammals of the class Mammalia belong to the phylum Chordata of the Animalia kingdom. 

They are characterised by many traits of which sweat glands (including mammary glands in 

female), air-breathing, and giving birth to live young (except the five species of monotremes 

that lay eggs). About 5,400 species in about 1,200 genera are known ranging from the 

smallest at 3 cm (a bat) to the largest at 33 m (blue-whale). The mammalian orders that are 

21

found in Fiji include Rodentia (mice, rats), Chiroptera (bats), Carnivora (dogs, cats, 

mongoose), Perissodactyla (horse), Certartiopdactyla (whales) and Primates (human). The 

Certartiopdactyla of Fiji is covered separately from the land mammals in this Inventory. The 

primates and some of the domesticated mammals (e.g. cattles, dogs, cats, etc.) are noted in 

this brief, although no detailed information is provided with regards to their status and 

diversity. 

Isolated islands with recent geological history such as those of Fiji do not have the diverse 

mammal fauna that occurs on continental landmasses. Fiji‘s land or terrestrial native 

mammals are few comprising entirely of six bat and flying fox species. Other non-native 

mammals were introduced by the early inhabitants of the islands (e.g. rats, pigs, dogs,) and 

subsequent voyages. Domestic animals (cattle, goat, deer, sheep) were introduced for various 

reasons, including economic agricultural development. 

Table 3.9: Land Mammals of Fiji 

Pacific Flying-fox Pteropus tonganus 

Samoan Flying-fox Pteropus samoensis 

Fiji Monkey-faced bat Mirimiri acrodonta 

Fijian Blossom-bat Notopteris macdonaldi 

Polynesia Sheath-tail bat Emballonura semicaudata 

Fijian Mastiff-bat Chaerephon bregullae 

Feral Cat Felis domesticus 

Feral Pig Sus scrofa 

Polynesian Rat Rattus exulans 

Black (or Ship) Rat Rattus rattus 

Brown (or Common) Rat Rattus norvegicus 

House Mouse Mus musculus 

Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus 

Deer Dama dama 

Goat Capra hircus 

Dog Canis familiaris 

Horse Equus caballus 

Cattle Bos Taurus (indicus) 

Sheep Ovis aris 

Source: Created by Tikoca and Skelton, (2010). 

A survey of bats undertaken by Palmeirim et al. from 2000-2001 in over 30 islands provided 

the most up-to-date summary of the state of native bats. The Pacific Flying-fox (Pteropus 

tonganus) was considered of least concern, despite being a target for local consumption. 

Table 3.10: Key Sites for Bat Conservation in Fiji 

Sites Rationale 

Yaqeta Island cave, Cave harbouring a colony of E. semicaudata with several 

Yasawa 

hundred individuals. 

Bekabeka cave, Vanua Nursing colony of C. bregullae with thousands of individuals. 

Levu 

Only roost of the species known in Fiji and one of three known 

globally. 

22

Forests of Taveuni The upland forest of Taveuni is the only area in the World 

where M. acrodonta is known to occur. 

Vatuvara Island Cave with hundreds of E. semicaudata individuals; the species 

is declining in numbers. 

Lau group Quite a few islands of the Lau group still have populations of E. 

semicaudata. In Fiji they are the best hope for this species, 

Tatuba, Wailotua, 

Wainibuku caves, Kalabo 

caves and Viti Levu 

(Source: Palmeirim et al. 2005) 

which is declining dramatically throughout the Pacific. 

3.9.3 TERRESTRIAL SNAILS AND SLUGS OF FIJI 

These caves harbour large colonies of N. macdonaldi. They are 

its only known roosts in Fiji and hold much of the global 

population of this species. 

The Islands of Fiji form part of the Micronesia-Polynesia biodiversity hotspot, which is 

recognised by the Conservation International as one of 25 key locations for conserving the 

world‘s biodiversity. A large proportion of the terrestrial fauna in this hotspot is endemic 

(unique occurrence of species within a limited geographic area) but the distribution and status 

of much of this unique fauna is poorly documented, particularly for the enormously diverse 

invertebrate groups. This lack of basic information severely limits our ability to conserve it 

and from this perspective alone documenting Fiji‘s terrestrial biodiversity resources are of 

global conservation importance. 

Globally, non-marine molluscs are in decline and the unique Pacific Island fauna is 

particularly threatened (Lydeard et al. 2004). Terrestrial mollusc research projects undertaken 

in Hawaii, Samoa, New Caledonia and French Polynesia have found very high levels of 

endemism but also alarmingly, many endemics are now under considerable threat from 

human development and introduced species (Hadfield 1986; Cowie 2000; Bouchet and 

Abdou, 2003; Brescia et al. 2008). Sadly despite this knowledge the diverse native and 

endemic terrestrial mollusc fauna of Fiji appears to be moving in a similar direction. 

Ecologically and historically, the Fijian fauna is primarily connected to areas of native forest, 

a fact vital to understanding how this unique fauna can be conserved only by protection of 

relatively large areas of native vegetation not only from land clearing but also from invasive 

species. 

Over the last 100 years the Fijian land snail fauna has been investigated by a very large 

number of overseas visitors (Barker, 2005) but basic identification and taxonomic 

information about them is quite difficult to locate and obtain. There is a vital need for more 

research in the areas of taxonomy and natural history, plus development of local access to 

information, user friendly identification tools to aid quick identification of highly threatened 

endemic species and high risk introduced species that may pose considerable threats to 

agricultural trade (crop pests) and human health (disease vectors). 

The terrestrial gastropod mollusc fauna of Fiji is rich and diverse consisting of at least 29 

families, 70 genera and 225 species of which 37 are known to be undescribed (Table 3.9). 

There are undoubtedly, undiscovered species plus according to Barker (2005) an additional 

11 recorded species are of unconfirmed status (Table 3.10). Based on the unpublished report 

of Barker (2005) several locations (e. g. Rotuma and many of the islands in the Lau Group) 

are obviously significant with respect to species conservation using the recent criteria (single 

species present within a taxon) adopted by Conservation International‘s Critical Ecosystem 

23

Partnership Fund. The most obvious priority location of these is the isolated island of Rotuma 

with 6 endemics species from 5 different families including the Pacific Island flagship 

partulid tree snails, a group designated as high priority by the IUCN Oceania for the Pacific 

Island region. Rotuma is without doubt a high priority because of the substantially increased 

extinction risk levels now associated with its imminent conversion to a registered port of 

entry for the Fijian Islands. 

Table 3.11: Summary of Currently Known Species Biodiversity of Terrestrial Molluscs of 

the Fiji Islands (including Rotuma) 

Super Order Family No. Species No. Genera No. known 

undescribed 

taxa 

Neritopsina Helicinidae 13 2 3 

Hydrocenidae 1 1 0 

Architaenioglossa Pupinidae 2 1 0 

Diplommatinidae 26 5 14 

Neocyclotidae 5 2 0 

Caenogastropoda Assimineidae 30 4 12 

Truncatellidae 7 2 0 

Heterobranchia Vaginulidae 3 3 0 

Ellobiidae 29 9 0 

Succineidae 1 1 0 

Partulidae 4 2 0 

Achatinellidae 3 2 0 

Pupillidae 3 2 0 

Valloniidae 1 1 0 

Bulimulidae 14 1 0 

Charopidae 22 8 2 

Endodontidae 6 3 0 

Euconulidae 3 2 1 

Helicarionidae 21 2 1 

Ariophantidae 2 2 0 

Microcystidae 12 3 1 

Trochomorphidae 19 1 2 

Subulinidae 3 2 0 

Rhytididae 4 3 0 

Streptaxidae 2 2 0 

Bradybaenidae 1 1 0 

Agriolimacidae 1 1 0 

Zonitidae 1 1 0 

TOTAL 29 239 69 36 


24

Table 3.12: Fijian Endemic Land Snail Species That Can Be Associated With High Intertidal 

or Supralittoreal Habitats 

Species Family 

Truncatella avenacea Truncatellidae 

Truncatella granum Truncatellidae 

Melampus crebristriatus Garrett, 1887 Ellobiidae 

Melampus incisus Garrett, 1887 Ellobiidae 

Melampus rusticus Garrett, 1887 Ellobiidae 

Pythia perovatus Garrett, 1872 Ellobiidae 


3.9.4 LAND SNAILS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 

The land snail fauna of Fiji is rich and diverse consisting of at least 245 species that cover 72 

different genera and 28 families. There are undoubtedly new species to be discovered and 

described. Two hundred and sixteen of the known species are native (indigenous) of which 

167 are endemic (known only from Fiji). The fauna is thus characterised by 77% endemism, 

confirming the importance of the unique Fijian land snail fauna at a national, regional and 

global level. The majority, but not all, of the endemic species are found in native forest. 

In addition, there are 18 introduced species with variable risk levels to agricultural 

productivity, biodiversity loss or human and livestock health. Priorities for land snail species 

conservation assessment, quarantine, health and agricultural risk are provided. The 

consequences of not collating and utilising existing information includes risks to, unique 

biodiversity, human and livestock health, agricultural crop production and in turn will have 

potential economic implications for sustainable livelihoods and trade. 


recognized by Conservation International as one of 25 key locations for conserving the 

world‘s biodiversity. A large proportion of the land-based fauna in this hotspot is endemic (a 

unique occurrence of species within a limited geographic area) but the distribution and status 


invertebrate-animal groups. This lack of baseline information limits our ability to conserve it 

and from this perspective alone documenting Fiji‘s land invertebrate biodiversity resources 

are of global conservation importance. 

Globally, land snails are in decline and the unique Pacific Island fauna is particularly 

threatened (Lydeard et al. 2004). Land snail research projects undertaken in Hawaii, Samoa, 

New Caledonia and French Polynesia have found very high levels of endemism but also 

alarmingly that many endemics are either extinct or under considerable threat from habitat 

destruction, human development and/or introduced species (Hadfield 1986, Cowie 2000, 

2004, Bouchet & Abdou 2003, Brescia et al. 2008). 

25

The diverse native land snail fauna of Fiji appears to be moving in a similar direction. 

Ecologically and historically the Fijian fauna is primarily connected to areas of native forest, 

a fact vital to understanding that this unique fauna cannot be conserved without protection of 

relatively large areas of native vegetation from land clearing and invasive species, such as 

ants and predatory snails. These latter species are often accidently introduced by humanrelated 

activities such as logging, cattle farming, pig hunting and the movement of crop 

materials from one area to another. 

Over the last 100 years the Fijian land snail fauna has been investigated by a large number of 

overseas visitors and a few Fijian residents (see review by Barker, 2005). As a result of this 

we now have a draft checklist of the land species present in Fiji and an associated 

distributional database. Leading from this an annotated and illustrated catalogue to the Fijian 

land snail fauna is currently in progress (Barker & Bouchet, in preparation). In addition to 

this, collation of basic identification and biological information about Fiji‘s introduced land 

snails is now underway at the University of the South Pacific (Biology Division). It is 

expected that this USP project will produce fact sheets, a field guide and a web-based key to 

aid quick identification of introduced species that may pose considerable threat to agricultural 

trade (crop pests) and human health (parasite vectors). 

A Fijian land snail distributional database was developed by Landcare New Zealand and the 

Wildlife Conservation Society with the goal of using the spatial information species and 

communities to assist setting reservation priorities within the Fijian archipelago, and to 

determine the adequacy of environmental domain classifications as surrogates for biotic 

pattern (Barker 2003 & 2005). This work contributed to the ―Priority Forests for 

Conservation‖ network proposed by Olson et al. (2009). This ecological land snail work and 

the distributional database need to be merged and adapted more fully into the current Fijian 

government frameworks. 

There is also a need for local up-skilling and more research in the areas of taxonomy, life 

history and conservation biology plus strengthened development of local access to 

information in usable formats. 

According to Haynes (1998) land snails in Fiji are collectively referred to as ―sici vanua‖ or 

―sirikoko‖. Despite several common endemic and introduced species being relatively large 

(> 35 mm) there appears to be no specific Fijian names for different species. This does not 

result from a lack of historical presence in the environment but could be because snails are 

cryptic and predominantly nocturnal, not often being seen during daylight hours unless 

actively searched for in their daytime refuges. 

Land snails belong to the invertebrate animals a vast group of organisms noticeably neglected 

in our estimates of biodiversity even at a global level. The term land ‗snail‘ is used in this 

summary when referring to both ‗snails‘ and ‗slugs‘. ‗Snail‘ refers to a gastropod possessing 

a fully developed shell, capable of housing the retracted animal. ‗Slug‘ refers to the gastropod 

body form where the shell is reduced to the extent that it is no longer capable of housing the 

animal. Slugs are simply snails with a reduced or absent shell. 


different genera and 28 families (Table 1). Among these are 37 undescribed species (Barker 

2005; Barker & Bouchet, unpubl. data) but there are undoubtedly more species that await 

26

discovery. Additionally, Barker (2005) also records an additional 11 described species that 

are of unconfirmed status as their taxonomy is unresolved. 

Of the 245 species known for the Fiji Archipelago 216 are native (indigenous) of which 167 

are endemic (known only from Fiji). The fauna is thus characterised by 77% endemism, 

confirming the importance of the unique Fijian fauna at a national, regional and global level. 

In addition, there are 18 introduced species, comprising a mixture of tropical tramp species 

and a few introductions from further afield. 

How many of Fiji‘s native species are threatened is presently unknown however, what is 

certain is that without adequate information to enable species identification and limited 

knowledge on distributions and life history characteristics it is very hard to make informed 

decisions on conservation priorities. And without any conservation measures at all in place 

the words of the snail specialist Alan Solem in 1964 given below will undoubtedly soon be 

true. 

―The famed endemic land snails of the Pacific islands are restricted to the 

rapidly shrinking patches of native forest. In all too short a time the land 

snail fauna of the Pacific islands will consist solely of a homogeneous 

blend of the introduced forms …. It is with a real sense of sadness that I 

have attempted to chronicle for the terrestrial malacologist of 2020 the 

places where the living land snails of Polynesia and Micronesia 

originated!‖ Solem (1964). 

The majority of the Fiji Island native and endemic land snail fauna appears to be associated 

with native forest habitat (Table 2). However thirty-five members of three different families 

(Assimineidae, Ellobiidae and Truncatellidae) are associated with supralittoral or high 

intertidal habitats. According to Barker (2005) thirty-one of these 35 ―high intertidal‖ species 

are native and this includes six endemic species (Table 3). Four additional species of ―high 

intertidal‖ land snail are described but of unconfirmed taxonomic status. 

Away from the ocean Fiji‘s land snail fauna also differs in its habitat location, for example, 

30 species (17% of snail species for which data is available) are generally found to be 

arboreal (in vegetation above ground level) while 137 species are found at ground level 

(terrestrial) in leaf litter or under rotting wood. Only 5% of land snail species for which data 

is available commonly exhibit both arboreal and terrestrial activity (Table 4). 

Based on the unpublished report of Barker (2005) several locations (e.g., isolated islands in 

the Lau Group; Rotuma) have assemblages of native species that should be conserved. The 

most obvious priority is the very isolated island of Rotuma which according to Barker (2005) 

is known for 6 endemic species from 5 different families, including a member of the Pacific 

Island flagship partulid tree snails - a group designated as a high conservation priority for the 

Pacific Island region by the IUCN (Pippard, IUCN-Oceania, pers. comm.). The current status 

of the Rotuman land snail fauna is unknown as there have been no surveys for a century. 

Land snail surveys of Rotuma are a high conservation priority not only because of the 

island‘s highly significant land snail records but because of the substantially increased 

extinction-risk levels that will result from the island‘s imminent conversion to a registered 

port of entry for the Fijian Islands. Potential new species introductions will without doubt be 

associated with the resulting trade developments. 

27

Seven of the 28 land snail families found in Fiji consist solely of introduced fauna 

(Valloniidae, Ariophantidae, Subulinidae, Streptaxidae, Bradybaenidae, Agriolimacidae, 

Zonitidae). The family Pupillidae has two introduced species and one endemic member while 

the shell-less family Vaginulidae (=Veronicellidae), commonly known as ―leatherleaf‖ slugs, 

includes two introduced and one native species i.e., Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874). As 

mentioned by Barker (2005) this latter native species is likely to have been confused with the 

introduced members of the family. Unfortunately to date no identification guide or key exists 

to aid identification and separation of this native species from the introduced members of the 

family however preparation of such tools are now in progress. 

Besides the taxonomic identification obstacles, which are currently being addressed, all of the 

eighteen known introduced species are considered to pose some level of potential ―risk‖ for 

either agricultural productivity, biodiversity loss or human and livestock health (Brodie & 

Barker, in review). Some of these species have been present in Fiji for well over 30 years 

(Barker, 1979) and the soon to be published preliminary risk assessment is timely. 

We need to know more about the biology and life history of existing introductions to enable 

more robust and specific risk assessment in the future and we also need to investigate lessons 

learnt else where for preventing avenues (pathways) for further introductions (e.g. see Cowie 

2008). 

Fiji is very fortunate in having so far stopped populations of the world‘s two most high risk 

invasive land snails; namely the ―Rosy Wolf Snail‖ Euglandina rosea (Férussac 1821) and 

the ―Giant African Snail‖ Lissachatina [Achatina] fulica Bowdich, 1822 from becoming 

established. There is no doubt that the Fiji Government agricultural and quarantine services 

must be duly acknowledged for their hard work in achieving this, when so many of our 

Pacific Island trading partners have already suffered greatly from these two devastating 

invasive species. 

The Fiji Islands however, does have at least 18 introduced species with variable risk levels to 

agricultural productivity, biodiversity loss or human and livestock health (Brodie & Barker, 

in review). Based on a comparison of our current observations (Mila et al. 2010; Brodie & 

Copeland, submitted; Brodie, in press; Brodie, unpublished data) and past observations 

(Solem, 1978; Barker, 1979; Haynes 1998) some introduced species e.g. Bradybaena 

similaris (Rang, 1831) and Quantula striata (Gray 1834) have obviously increased in 

abundance, at least on the largest island of Viti Levu. 

However, the most worrying ―new‖ snail introduction absent in the reports by Solem (1978) 

and Haynes (1998) is the presence and very obvious increase in abundance and distribution of 

the ―semi-slug‖ Parmarion martensi Simroth 1893 (Figure 1). First officially reported in Fiji 

by Barker (2005), but known from southeast Viti Levu from as early as 1979 this species is 

now numerous and widespread in areas of human habitation, and alarmingly has also recently 

been found (Brodie, in press; Brodie & Copeland, submitted; Brodie unpublished data) in 

three of Fiji‘s high priority forest areas highlighted by Olsen et al. (2009). 

In addition to its newly reported highly invasive status in Fiji by Brodie & Barker (in review) 

P. martensi is also considered by these authors as a potential high-risk vector in Fiji for the 

rat lung worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935). This parasitic worm is associated 

with eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Angiostrongylus cantonensis and eosinophilic 

meningitis are already established in Fiji (Alicata 1962, Uchikawa et al. 1984, Sano et al. 

28

1987, Paine et al. 1994) and is commonly reported as associated with less ―risky‖ invasive 

snail species such as the ―leatherleaf‖ slug Laevicaulis alte (Férussac, 1822). 

However, recent discovery by the first author of a living Bradybaena similaris (Rang, 1831) 

in salad sold at a popular BBQ take-away stand in Suva City (Figure 2) highlights the reality 

of the potential for future health problems, particularly when many families, communities and 

tourism facilities are being actively encouraged to grow their own salad vegetables. As 

recently highlighted by senior Koronivia Research Station staff (pers. comm.), there is a 

strong need to investigate the life history characteristics and parasite infection levels of all 

introduced land snail species in Fiji. 

Fiji‘s 167 endemic land snail species are very diverse, spanning 19 families (Table 1). Two 

groups in particular stand out as achievable species-level conservation priorities. These are: 

(a) Fiji‘s 12 endemic species of the taxon Placostylus, eight of which are found on only one 

island each in the Fiji group (see Figure 3 for an idea of what members of this genus look 

like); and (b) members of the taxon Trochomorpha which according to Barker (2005) has at 

least 18 species endemic to Fiji (see Figure 4 for an example of this genus). 

Besides the above groups, two additional groups are highlighted in the literature as extinction 

prone on islands because of their vulnerability to introduced predators – these are the 

microsnails of the family Endodontidae and members of the family Rhytididae. The endemic 

members of the supralittoral snails (families Ellobiidae and Truncatellidae) should also be 

given some attention as they could well be directly impacted by the affects of climate change. 

In addition the families Diplommatinidae and Assimineidae, with 15 and 12 as yet 

undescribed species respectively, should also be taxonomically revised for biodiversity 

assessment purposes. Fiji has a large number of native (endemic and non-endemic) land snail 

species that require detailed conservation assessment. 

Non-endemic natives are also important because Fiji could be significant for conservation if 

these species become threatened or locally extinct elsewhere in their range. Introduced 

species are widening their distribution within Fiji and creating a homogenisation of the Fijian 

land snail fauna just like that already recorded across the Pacific Islands by Solem (1964) and 

Cowie (2001). 

There is a need for, scientific human resource capacity building, specialised training about 

land snails and general awareness raising of the presence and significance of snails in the 

environment, at a local level. Support for at least one postgraduate student scholarship, 

funding for a two-day workshop on introduced snails every two years and an increase in 

media coverage would substantially address these capacity, training and awareness issues. 

For introduced, native and endemic fauna there is an immediate need for collation of existing 

information into a form that can be made readily available for utilisation by resource 

managers and other community stakeholders. Funding is required for the preparation of 

photographic images in the Fiji land snail catalogue currently in progress and also for 

obtaining expert curation of material held in Fiji, as well as repatriation of at least some 

Fijian material held in overseas institutions. 

The consequences of not collating and utilising existing information includes unrecognised 

risks to, unique biodiversity, human and livestock health, agricultural crop production and in 

turn will have potential economic implications for sustainable livelihoods and trade. 

29

Table 3.13: Summary of currently known species biodiversity of land snails of the Fiji 

Islands (including Rotuma). Data collated from Barker (2005) 

Super Order Family No. Species No. Genera No. known undescribed taxa 

Neritopsina Helicinidae* 13 2 3 

Hydrocenidae* 1 1 0 

Architaenioglossa Pupinidae* 2 1 0 

Diplommatinidae* 26 6 15 

Neocyclotidae* 5 2 0 

Caenogastropoda Assimineidae* 30 4 12 

Truncatellidae* 7 2 0 

Heterobranchia 

# 

Vaginulidae 3 3 0 

Ellobiidae* 32 9 0 

Succineidae* 1 1 0 

Partulidae* 4 2 0 


Pupillidae # 

3 2 0 

1 1 0 

Valloniidae # 

Bulimulidae* 14 1 0 

Charopidae* 22 8 2 

Endodontidae* 6 3 0 

Euconulidae* 3 2 1 

Helicarionidae* 21 2 1 

2 2 0 

Ariophantidae # 

Microcystidae* 12 3 1 

Trochomorphidae* 19 1 2 

6 4 0 

Subulinidae # 

Rhytididae* 4 3 0 

Streptaxidae # 

2 2 0 

Bradybaenidae # 

1 1 0 

Agriolimacidae # 

1 1 0 

1 1 0 

Zonitidae # 

TOTALS 28 245 72 37 

* Families containing species endemic to Fiji. # 

Families containing introduced species. 

30

Table 3.14: Numbers of ―Fijian‖ snails found in particular habitat locations. Data collated 

from Barker (2005) 

Habitat No. Taxa % of Total Known 

Lowland forest 34 24.1% 

Mid- altitude forest 47 33.3% 

High land forest 40 28.4% 

Supralittoral 20 14.2% 

Other or Habitat unknown 75 

Table 3:15: Fijian endemic land snail species that can be associated with high intertidal or 

supralittoreal habitats. Source Barker (2005) 


Truncatella avenacea Garrett, 1872 Truncatellidae 

Truncatella granum Garrett, 1872 Truncatellidae 





Table 3.16: Numbers of ―Fijian‖ snails recorded as found off the ground (arboreal) and at 

ground level (terrestrial). Data collated from Barker (2005) 

Arboreal Terrestrial 

Arboreal & 

Terrestrial 

Unknown 

No. taxa 

% of known 

30 137 8 67 

17% 

78% 

5% Not applicable 

31

Figure 3.3: Photograph of the introduced invasive snail Parmarion martensi in a Fijian 

village garden 

32

Figure 3.4: Photograph of a living but stressed Bradybaena similaris (Rang, 1831) in salad 

sold at a popular BBQ take-away stand in Suva City 

33

Figure 3.5: Photograph of an endemic member of the snail taxon Placostylus. Found in a 

forested area of Viti Levu 

34

Figure 3.6: Photograph of an endemic member of the snail taxon Trochomorpha found in 

Viti Levu forest. 

35

3.10 A CHECKLIST OF THE INSECTS OF FIJI 

This checklist represents a compilation of insect species of Fiji from those listed in the Fiji 

Arthropod Survey Checklist website (http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/fiji/checklists.html) and 

updated from various recently published and unpublished literatures where species are known 

to occur in Fiji. The checklist records a total of 5,024 insect species belonging to 25 orders 

and 349 families whilst many remain unknown to science. The Insecta (Class Hexapoda) is 

one of the largest groups of living organisms known for Fiji. The insect order Coleoptera 

(Beetles) is the largest group within the class, making up approximately 28% of Fiji‘s insect 

fauna followed by Lepidoptera (24%) and then by Diptera (13%). Fiji has recorded high rates 

of endemism for many of the major insect groups that have been studied however; less 

remains known of the biology and ecology of these endemic insects and thus efforts to make 

concise conservation and management efforts into protecting them better in their natural 

habitat still awaits further scientific data. 

Some of Fiji‘s insects have also captivated global interest e.g. the rare and endemic Fijian 

giant long-horned beetle, Xixuthrus heros which is known to be the worlds‘ second largest 

beetle measuring up to 14-15cm in length. 

Table 3.16: Find below a summary of the Insects of Fiji 

Order No. of Families No. of Species 

Blattodea 3 22 

Coleoptera 61 1428 

Collembola 4 7 

Dermaptera 3 22 

Diptera 61 669 

Embiidae 1 1 

Ephemeroptera 2 18 

Heteroptera 34 158 

Homoptera 29 485 

Hymenoptera 36 552 

Isoptera 3 8 

Lepidoptera 50 1184 

Mantodea 1 3 

Neoroptera 5 12 

Odonata 6 51 

Orthoptera 12 137 

Phasmidae 2 23 

Phthiraptera 9 28 

Psocoptera 9 84 

Siphonaptera 1 3 

Strepsiptera 2 4 

Thysanoptera 3 86 

Thysanura 2 3 

Trichoptera 9 35 

Zoraptera 1 1 

Total 349 5024 

36

ORDER BLATTODEA 

Family BLABERIDAE 

Diploptera 

punctata (Eschscoltz), 1822 [Blatta]; dytiscoides (Audinet-Serville), 1839 

[Blatta] 

Nauphoeta 

cinerea (Olivier), 1789 [Blatta] 

Pycnoscelus 

indicus (Fabricius), 1775 [Blatta] 

surinamensis (Linnaeus), 1758 [Blatta] 

Ryparobia 

maderae (Fabricius), 1781 [Blatta] 

Family BLATELLIDAE 

Balta 

notulata (Stål), 1858 [Blatta] 

spuria (Brunner von Wattenwyl), 1865 [Phyllodromia] 

Blatella 

germanica (Linnaeus), 1767 [Blatta]; bivittata (Audinet-Serville), 1839 

[Blatta] 

litturicolis (Walker), 1868 [Blatta] 

Euhebardula 

fijiana (Princis), 1953 

Lobopterella 

dimidiatipes (Bolivar), 1890 [Loboptera]; sakalava (Saussure), 1891 

[Temnopteryx] 

Supella 

longopapa (Fabricius), 1798 [Blatta]; supellectilium (Audinet-Serville), 

1839 [Blatta] 

Temnopteryx 

ferruginea (Brunner), 1916 

Family BLATTIDAE 

Blatta 

orientalis (Linnaeus), 1758 [Blatta] 

Dorylaea 

rotundata (Brunner), 1865 [Blatta] 

37

Leucophaea 

maderae (Fabricius), 1781 [Blatta] 

Melanozosteria 

nitida (Brunner von Wattenwyl), 1865 [Platyzosteria]; feejeeana (Bruner), 

1916 

soror (Brunner), 1865 [Polyzosteria] 

Neostylopyga 

rhombifolia (Stoll), 1813 [Blatta] 

Periplaneta 

americana (Linnaeus), 1758 [Blatta] 

australasia (Fabricius), 1775 [Blatta] 

ORDER COLEOPTERA 

Family ADERIDAE 

Hylophilus 

fenestratus Pic, 1932 

latioriceps Pic, 1932 

rufobasalis Pic, 1932 

taveuniensis Pic, 1932 

Xylophilus 

fijianus Champion, 1924 

labasae Champion, 1924 

rufiventris Champion, 1924 

Family ANOBIIDAE 

Exallophthalmus 

quinqueguttatus Fairmaire, 1881 

Lasioderma 

serricorne (Fabricius), 1792 [Ptinus]; testacea (Creutzer in Duftschmid), 

1825 [Ptilinus] 

Mirosternus 

glabratus Ford, 1956 

lindoroides Ford, 1956 

tangentus Ford, 1956 

Stegobium 

paniceum (Linnaeus), 1758 [Dermestes] 

38

Tricorynus 

herbarius (Gorham), 1883 [Catorama] 

Family ANTHICIDAE 

Anthicus 

strictus Erichson, 1842 

Notoxus 

pallidipes Pic, 1910 

Family ANTHRIBIDAE 

Adoxastia 

rudicollis (Jordan), 1939 [Proscopus]; liber (Wolfrum), 1959 [Proscopus] 

Alloderes 

vitiensis Jordan, 1944 

Araecerus 

allevatus Wolfrum, 1959 

dasymerus Wolfrum, 1959 

fasciculatus (De Geer), 1775 [Curculio] 

greenwoodi Jordan, 1924 

lutatus (Fairmaire), 1849 [Tropideres]; vieillardi (Montrouzier), 1860 

[Urodon]; insularis Fauvel, 1862 

nitidus Jordan, 1924 

rysus Wolfrum, 1959 

vieillardi (Montrouzier), 1860 [Urodon] 

vitistans Wolfrum, 1959 

vivax Wolfrum, 1959 

Cerambyrhynchus 

schonherri Montrouzier, 1855 

Cisanthribus 

sp. nov. [B. Valentine, in litt. 2009] 

Dinema 

filicorne Fairmaire, 1849; veitchi (Jordan), 1924 [Proscopus], 

caledoniense (Frieser), 1981 [Proscopus] 

gentile (Jordan), 1939 [Proscopus] 

Dinosaphis 

inermis Wolfrum, 1959 

vitiana Jordan, 1939 

Mauia 

subnotata (Boheman), 1859 [Araecerus] 

39

Melanopsacus 

calvulus Wolfrum, 1959 

stilbus Jordan, 1939 

veitchi Jordan, 1924 

sp. 1 

sp. 2 

sp. 3 

sp. 4 

sp. 5 

sp. 6 

sp. 7 

sp. 8 

sp. 9 

Misthosima 

sp. 1 

sp. 2 

Paecilocaulus 

picturatus Fairmare, 1881 

Phides 

xanthodactylus Pascoe, 1871 

Plesiobasis 

centralis Wolfrum, 1959 

charax Jordan, 1939 

grallina Jordan, 1939 

monera Jordan, 1939 

phelos Jordan, 1939 

sp. 1 

sp. 2 

sp. 3 

sp. 4 

sp. 5 

sp. 6 

sp. 7 

sp. 8 

Plintheria 

vitiensis (Jordan), 1944 [Alloderes] 

Rhinotropis 

cristiferus Fairmaire, 1881 

evansi Jordan, 1939 

40

Stenorhis 

promus Jordan, 1937 

psomus Jordan, 1939 

Xenocerus 

sp. 1 

Family APIONIDAE 

Apion 

vitiensis Zimmerman, 1939 

Apotapion 

gibbipennis (Fairmaire), 1881 [Cybebus] 

Family ATTELABIDAE 

Attelabus 

sp.1 

Family BOSTRICHIDAE 

Dinoderus 

minutus (Fabricius), 1775 [Apate] 

Minthea 

rugicollis (Walker), 1858 [Ditoma] 

Rhizopertha 

dominica (Fabricius), 1792 [Syndoendron] 

Xylopertha 

castanoptera (Fairmaire), 1850 [Apate] 

Xylothrips 

religiosus (Boisduval), 1835 [Apate]; lifuana (Montrouzier), 1861 [Apate] 

Family BRENTIDAE 

Aneorhachis 

fijiana Mantilleri, 2004 

Anomobrenthus 

hamatirostris Fairmaire, 1881 

kuscheli Damoiseau, 1989 

Atenophthalmus 

fuscojanthinus Fairmaire, 1881 

Bulbogaster 

ctenostomoides Lacordaire, 1866 

41

juncea Damoiseau, 1989 

Callipareius 

planitarsus (Perroud & Montrouzier), 1865 

sp. 1 

Cerobates 

vitiensis Fairmaire, 1881 

Coptorhynchus 

interruptus (Pascoe), 1883 [Isomerinthus] 

Cylas 

formicarius (Fabricius), 1798 [Brentus] 

formicarius elegantulus (Summers), 1875 [Otidocephalus] 

Cyphagogus 

fijianus Kleine, 1928 

Eubactrus 

metallicollis Fairmaire, 1881 

semiaeneus Lacordaire, 1866 

Ithystenus 

nigrosulcatus Fairmaire, 1881 

Leptorrhynchus 

nigrosulcatus Fairmaire, 1881 

Microsebus 

fijianus (Damoiseau), 1989 [Eusebus] 

Miolispa 

fijiana Kleine, 1928 

metallicollis (Fairmaire), 1881 

Myrmacicelus 

gibbipennis (Fairmaire), 1881 [Cybebus] 

Nesidiobrentus 

sp. 1 

Tracheloschizus 

castaneicolor Sforzi & Bartolozzi, 2004 

Trachezilus 

sp. [Schmeltz, 1865] 

42

Undetermined Genus & species 

Cyphagogini 

sp. 1 

sp. 2 

Ithystenini 

sp. 1 

Trachelizini 

sp. 1 

Family BUPRESTIDAE 

Agrilus 

evansianus evansianus Théry, 1934 

evansianus fidjianus Théry, 1934 [as evansianus fidjiensis] 

fissifrons Fairmaire, 1849; tetrastichus Obenberger, 1924; fidjiensis 

Obenberger, 1924; fidgiensis [misspelling of fidjiensis; Théry, 1935] 

taveuniensis Théry, 1934 

Aphanisticus 

cochinchinae seminulum Obenberger, 1929 

sp. [Bellamy, in litt.] 

Blepharum 

coeruleipes Fairmaire, 1878 

Chrysobothris 

fiji Bellamy, 2009 

Chrysodema 

dohrni Saunders, 1874; fairmairei Kerremans, 1895 

Cinyra 

strandi (Obenberger), 1936 [Paraleptodema] 

Dicercomorpha 

simondsi (Obenberger), 1924 [Nesotrinchus] 

Endelus 

bicolor Bellamy, 1990 

castanocupreus Bellamy, 2007 

cupreocingulatus Bellamy, 2007 

cupreoviridus Bellamy, 2007 

fijiensis Bellamy, 2007 

speculifer Théry, 1932 

43

Haplotrinchus 

coeruleipennis (Fairmaire), 1877 [Diceromorpha] 

manni Théry, 1937 

pooli Théry, 1943 

pyrochlorus (Fairmaire), 1877 [Dicercomorpha] 

splendens Waterhouse, 1913 

Helferella 

fiji Bellamy, 1991 

vanuae Bellamy, 1991 

viti Bellamy, 1991 

Kurosawaia 

iridinotus Bellamy, 1990 

Maoraxia 

kadavuensis Bellamy, 2008 

tokotaai Bellamy, 2008 

viridis Bellamy in Bellamy & Williams, 1985 

viti Bellamy, 2008 

Melobasina 

coeruleipennis (Fairmaire), 1877 [Dicercomorpha]; coereleipennis 

Deyrolle [nomen nudum; Thomson, 1878] 

Melobasis 

brevicollis (Théry), 1937 [Diceropygus] 

cuproaenea Fairmaire, 1878 

Paracupta 

albilatera Fairmaire, 1879 

basicornis Fairmaire, 1877 

dilutipes Fairmaire, 1878 

evansi Théry, 1937 

flaviventris (Graeffe), 1868 [Chalcophora]; taciturna Saunders, 1869 

flaviventris aureola Obenberger, 1928 

imperatrix Obenberger, 1928 

impressipennis (Théry), 1943 [Metataenia] 

kleinschmidtii Fairmaire, 1878 

laetimpressa Fairmaire, 1878 


marginalis Kerremans, 1903 

marginipennis Saunders, 1869 

meyeri Kerremans, 1900 

prasina (Graeffe), 1868 [Chalcophora] [preoccupied, Thunberg 1827]; 

louisa (White), 1859 [Buprestis]; hypocala Fairmaire, 1877; carinata 

Deyrolle [nomen nudum; Thompson, 1878] 

44

pyroglypta Fairmaire, 1877 

pyrura Fairmaire, 1877 

sulcata Saunders, 1869; helopioides Boisduval, 835 misidentification; 

Graeffe, 1868]; 

tibialis Saunders, 1872 

Sambus 

eremita Obenberger, 1924 

fidjiensis Obenberger, 1924 


simmondsi Théry, 1938 

Family CALLIRHIPIDAE 

Callirrhipis 

costata Waterhouse, 1877 


Family CANTHARIDAE 

Euchleochrous 

semicyaneus Fairmaire, 1877 

Family CARABIDAE 

Bembidion 

(Cillenus) 

insularum Andrewes, 1938 

Ceneus 

speculiferus Fairmaire, 1879 

Chlaenius 

flaviguttatus Macleay, 1825 

ophonoides Fairmaire, 1843; peregrinus Chaudoir, 1856 

samoensis Csiki, 1915 

Colpodes 

nigratus Fairmaire, 1881 

truncatellus Fairmaire, 1881 

xanthocnemus Fairmaire, 1881 

Endynomena 

pradieri Fairmaire, 1849 

Gnathaphanus 

upoluensis (Cziki), 1915 [Dioryche]; impressipennis (Castlenau), 1867 

[Harpalus] 

Harpalus 

45

sp.1 

Morio 

polynesiae Fairmaire, 1881 

Oceanella 

vitiensis (Blanchard), 1853 [Cicindela]; vitiensis imperfecta Horn, 1896 

Omoglymmius 

(Navitia) 

intrusus (Grouvelle), 1903 [Rhysodes] 

peckorum Bell, 1985 

zimmermani Bell & Bell, 1978 

Parapolyrhanis 

oceanica Cassola, 1983 

Pectinitarsus 

holomelas Fairmaire, 1881 

Perigona 

sp. 1 

Plochionus 

pallens (Fabricius), 1775 [Carabus] [J.M. Valentine, in litt.] 

Rhysodes 

intrusus Grouvel, 1903 

Rhyzodiastes 

janus Bell, 1985 

Schizogenius 

freyi Baehr, 1983 

Selonophorus 

sp. 1 

Vitagonum 

apterum Moore, 1999 

Family CERAMBYCIDAE 

Anastheta 

raripila Pascoe, 1866 

Araesper 

longicollis Thomson, 1878; angustulum (Fairmaire), 1881 [Ceresium] 

46

Batocera 

nebulosa Bates, 1877 

Cacodacnus 

hebridanus Thomson, 1860 

Ceresium 

angustulum Fairmaire, 1881 

decorum Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

epilais Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

gracilipes (Fairmaire), 1850 [Hesperophanes] 

grandipennis Fairmaire, 1881 

lucidum Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

nigroapicale Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

olidum Fairmaire, 1881 

promissum Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

pubescens Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

repandum Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

scutellaris Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

striatipenne Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

thyra Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

unicolor (Fabricius), 1787 [Saperda]; guttaticolle (Fairmaire), 1850 

[Hesperophanes] 

vacillans Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Coleocoptus 

senio (Newman), 1840 [Phoracantha] 

Crinitarsus 

plagiatus Blanchard, 1853 

sulcatus Breuning, 1948 

Cristoopsis 

poggea Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Cylindropomus 

grammicus hecate Dillon & Dillon, 1947 

Cyrtinoopsis 

intensa Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Dendrides 

pallidus Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Diastosypha 

agetes Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

47

albisetosa Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

bimaculata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

fuscicollis Aurivillius, 1920; cuprea (Breuning), 1948 [Leptocyrtinus] 

Distenia 

dillonoroum Lingafelter, 2007 

gressitti Lingafelter, 2007 

punctulata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Enotocleptes 

denticollis (Fauvel), 1906 [Microcleptes] 

inermicollis Breuning, 1940 

Gemylus 

albosticticus Breuning, 1939 

angustifrons Breuning, 1939 

uniformis Breuning, 1939 [angustifrons f.] 

upsilon Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

wainiloka Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Glaucytes 

graphica (Boisduval), 1835 [Leptocera] 

Gracilosypha 

elongatus elongatus (Breuning), 1948 [Leptocyrtinus] 

elongata immaculata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

elongata suturalis Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

hirtipennis Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

trifasciata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Hestimidius 

humeralis Breuning, 1939; quadrimaculatus (Breuning), 1942 [Neoopsis] 

Heteroclytomorpha 

singularis Breuning, 1939 

Hippaphesis 

granicornis (Fairmaire), 1879 [Oopsis] 

punctata Thomson, 1864; semigranosus (Fairmaire), 1879 [Oopsis] 

Laniferus 

uniformis Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Macrotoma 

heros Graeffe, 1868 

Micracantha 

48

pinguis Thomson [nomen nudum; Schmeltz, 1881] 

Mimoopsis 

fuscoapicatus (Fairmaire), 1879 [Oopsis] 

Moala 

crassus Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

flavovittatus Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Neosciadella 

acutispina (Fairmaire), 1881 [Exocentrus] 

brunnipes Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

fulgida Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

immaculosa Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

inflexa inflexa Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

inflexa subopaqua Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

multivittata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

obliquata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

quadripustulata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

spixi Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Nerida 

cordata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

gynandropsidis (Fairmaire), 1850 [Obrium] 

obcordata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

oblongoguttula (Fairmaire), 1879 [Obrium] 

zimmermani Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Nothopleurus 

cariosicollis (Fairmaire), 1877 [Opheltes] 

Oihus 

dilloni Franz, 1953 

insignius Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

taeniatus Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Olethrius 

brevicornis Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

insularis Fairmaire, 1850 

scabripennis Thomson, 1865 

tyrannus Thomson, 1860 

villosus Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Oloessa 

bianor Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

cenea Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

minuta (Pascoe), 1864 

49

poeta Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Oopsidius 

cetus Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

pictus Breuning, 1939 

Oopsis 

albopicta Aurivillius, 1928 

brunneocaudata Fairmaire, 1879 

excavata Breuning, 1939 

griseocaudata Fairmaire, 1881 

lycia Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

nutator (Fabricius), 1787 [Lamia]; posticalis Fairmaire [nomen nudum; 

Schmeltz, 1881] 

striatella Fairmaire, 1879 

uvua Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

variivestris Fairmaire, 1879 

velata Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

zitja Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Parandra 

striatifrons Fairmaire, 1879 

vitiensis Nonfried, 1894 

Phoracantha 

tricuspis Newman, 1840; robusta Germar, 1848 

Phloeopsis 

albomaculata Breuning, 1961 

olivescens (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Vitilevua] 

viridescens (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Vitilevua] 

Prosoplus 

fijianus Breuning, 1948 

ochreosparsus Breuning, 1938; latus Breuning, 1939 

samoanus Aurivillius, 1913 

woodlarkiana (Montrouzier), 1855 [Penthea] [Schmeltz, 1881] 

Pterolophia 

connexa Aurivillius, 1928 [lateripicta var.]; singatoka Dillon & Dillon, 

1952 

dorsovittata Breuning, 1965 

laevepunctata Breuning, 1938; vitiensis Dillon & Dillon, 1952: 58 

lateripicta Faimaire, 1879; tholo Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

ongea Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

singatoka Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

postmaculata Breuning, 1965 

50

thawathi Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

tholo Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Ropica 

vitiana Breuning, 1939 

vitiensis (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Pterolophia] 

Ropicella 

antennalis Breuning, 1940 

Scituloglaucytes 

muiri (Gressitt), 1940 [Glaucytes] 

Sormida 

cinerea Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

maculicollis Thomson, 1865 

Sybra 

apicespinosa Breuning, 1942 

auberti Breuning, 1950 

catopa Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

dimidiata (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Microopsis] 

dorsata (Fairmaire), 1881 [Oopsis] 

eson (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Microopsis] 

eumilis (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Paraoopsis] 

flavoides Breuning, 1964; flava (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Gracilosybra] 

freyi Breuning, 1957 

fulvoapicalis (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Gracilosybra] 

fuscoapicaloides Breuning, 1964; fuscoapicalis (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 

[Gracilosybra] 

fuscofasciatoides Breuning, 1964; fuscofasciatus (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 

[Euoopsis] 

fuscolateralis Breuning, 1939 

grisea Breuning, 1939 

obliquelineaticollis Breuning, 1964; obliquelineata (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 

[Euoopsis] 

ochreosignatipennis Breuning, 1973 

persimilis Breuning, 1939 

puella (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Microopsis] 

rosacea Breuning, 1942 

sapho (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Microopsis] 

similis Breuning, 1939 

suturemaculata Breuning, 1939 

syces (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Microopsis] 

uniformis Breuning, 1939 

Sybromimus 

51

obliquatus Breuning, 1940; howqua (Dillon & Dillon), 1952 [Sybroides] 

Sybroopsis 

discedens (Fairmaire), 1881 [Oopsis]; persimilis (Breuning), 1939 [Sybra] 

Tillomimus 

bicinctus Dillon & Dillon, 1952 

Xixuthrus 

ganglbaueri Lameere, 1912 

heros (Graeffe), 1868 [Macrotoma] 

terribilis Thomson, 1877; heyrovskyi Tippman, 1945 

Family CERYLONIDAE 

Axiocerylon 

peckorum Besuchet & Slipinski, 1988 

Family CHRYSOMELIDAE 

Acanthoscelides 

obtectus (Say), 1831 [Bruchus] 

Algarobius 

prosopis (LeConte), 1858 [Bruchus] 

Altica 

corusca Erichson, 1842 

gravida Blackburn, 1896 

Analema 

leveri (Bryant), 1946 [Alema] 

nigra (Bryant), 1938 [Alema]; producticollis (Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt), 

1957 

Aphthona 

veitchi veitchi Bryant, 1925 

Argopistes 

arnetti Samuelson, 1973 

Aulacophora 

argyrogaster (Montrouzier), 1861 [Galeruca] 

coffeae (Hornstedt), 1788 [Ceratia] 

indica (Gmelin), 1790 [Crioceris] 

nigrivestis (Boisduval), 1835 [Galleruca] 

notulata Fairmaire, 1850 

quadrimaculata (Fabricius), 1781 [Crioceris] 

similis (Olivier), 1808 [Galeruca] 

52

Bruchus 

pisorum (Linnaeus), 1758 [Dermestes] 

tristiculus Fahraeus, 1839 

Callosobruchus 

chinensis (Linnaeus), 1758 [Curculio] 

maculatus (Fabricius), 1775 [Bruchus] 

Caryedon 

serratus (Olivier), 1790 [Bruchus] 

Cerophysa 

vitiensis Bryant, 1941 

Coenobius 

aureopilosus Bryant, 1925 

geniostomae Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

marginipennis marginipennis Bryant, 1938 

marginipennis lauensis Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

producticollis Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

stoneri Lopatin, 1997 

zimmermani Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Colaspoides 

brunnea Bryant in Gressitt & Bryant, 1957 

confusa Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 


Crepidodera 

elongata Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

evansi Bryant, 1938 

fijiensis Csiki in Heikertinger & Csiki, 1939; nigra bryant, 1925 

gressitti Samuelson, 1973 

infuscata Samuelson, 1973 

kraussi Samuelson, 1973 

lami Samuelson, 1973 

oceanica Samuelson, 1973 

ovalauensis Samuelson, 1973 

parafijiensis Samuelson, 1973 

rotunda Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

semifuscata Samuelson, 1973 

Damelia 

marshalli Clark, 1864 

rugosa Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

verrucosa Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

53

Demotina 

albonotata Bryant, 1931 

bifasciata Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

cylindricollis Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

dissimilis Bryant, 1931 

evansi Bryant, 1931 

fragilis Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

fulva Bryant, 1931 

glochidiona Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

irregularis Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

metallica Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957; vitiensis (Bryant), 1942 

[Trichostola] 

nodosa Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

obscurata Bryant, 1931 

pallipes Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

pubescens Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

rugosata Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

striata Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

veitchi Bryant, 1931 


Epinodostoma 

alocasiae Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

elongata Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Eucolaspis 

castanea Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

saltator Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Eurydemus 

grandis (Baly), 1861 [Rhyparida]; insignis Chapuis, 1874 

Febra 

insularis Bryant, 1925 

nigroornata nigroornata Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

nigroornata vanuana Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

rubra Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

varioloidea Fairmaire, 1882 

venusta Clark, 1864; semiaurantiaca Fairmaire, 1882 

Haplosomoides 

binotata Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Khasia 

nigra Bryant, 1925 

nitida Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

54

ugosa callosa Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

rugosa rugosa Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Labasa 

scutellaris Bryant, 1925 

Linaltica 

simmondsi (Bryant), 1938 [Psylloides]; lamia (Gressitt in Bryant & 

Gressitt), 1957 [Aphthona] 

Lindinia 

glabrata Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Loxopleurus 

costipennis Bryant, 1945 

rotumanus Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

ruficollis Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 


Malacotheria 

funerea Fairmaire, 1881 

lateritia Fairmaire, 1881 

strigiscuta Fairmaire, 1881 

Manobia 

levicollis Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

lubricata Samuelson, 1973 

metallica Bryant, 1946 

obsolapicalis Samuelson, 1973 

obtusicollis Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

thompsoni Samuelson, 1973 

tomaniiviae Samuelson, 1973 

victoriae Samuelson, 1973 

zimmermani Samuelson, 1973 

Mniophila 

exulans Samuelson, 1973 

Metriodea 

moala (Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt), 1975 [Monolepta] 

signatipennis kandavuna (Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt), 1957 [Monolepta] 

signatipennis lauana (Gressit in Bryant & Gressitt), 1957 [Monolepta] 

signatipennis signatipennis Fairmaire, 1882 

vitensis (Bryant), 1925 [Monolepta] 

zimmermani (Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt), 1957 [Monolepta]; modesta 

(Bryant), 1925 [Monolepta] 

55

Octotoma 

championi Baly, 1886 

scabripennis Guérin-Méneville, 1844 

Pachymerus 

gonager (Fabricius), 1798 [Bruchus] 

Paracoenobius 

gressitti Lopatin, 1996 

Parademotina 

aureotincta Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Phyllotreta 

blackburni Bryant, 1925 

undulata (Kutschera), 1860 [Haltica] 

Plagiodera 

violaceipennis Bryant, 1925 

Plesistia 

brunnea Maulik, 1929 

Promecotheca 

bicolor Maulik, 1927 

coeruleipennis Blanchard, 1853 

reichei Baly, 1869 

Psylloides 

brettinghami Baly, 1862; vitiensis Bryant, 1925 

Pycnophthalma 

apicale Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

aureopilosa Bryant, 1925 

cuprea Bryant, 1942 

leveri Bryant, 1942 

Rhyparida 

bryani Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

dispar Bryant, 1925 

fijiensis Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

kandavu Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

laddi Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

luteola Fairmaire, 1879 

oblonga Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

strigosa (Bryant), 1946 [Nodostoma] 

trapezicollis Fairmaire, 1879 

56

vermiculata Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Scelodontina 

suvensis Medvedev, 1979 

Stethotes 

rufipes Bryant, 1946 

setosa Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Stygnobia 

albiseta Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

elliptica Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

evansi (Bryant), 1942 [Trichostola] 

leveri (Bryant), 1942 [Trichostola] 

metallica Bryant, 1946 

nandarivatu Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

oconnori Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

ovalaua Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

Trachyophthona 

brunnea (Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt), 1957 [Nesohaltica] 

chandleri Samuelson, 1973 

greenwoodi (Bryant), 1925 [Aphthona] 

lauensis (Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt), 1957 [Nesohaltica] 

seneteki Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

vitiensis (Bryant), 1938 [Nesohaltica] 

Uroplata 

girardi Pic, 1923 

lantanae Buzzi & Winder, 1981 

Vitibia 

bryanti Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957; vitiensis Bryant, 1946 

dimorpha Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

duplicata Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

formosa (Baly), 1877 [Rhyparida] 

greenwoodi (Bryant), 1946 [Nodostoma] 

melochiae Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

montana Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

obscura obscura Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

obscura submetallica Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

pallipes Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

rufilabris Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

rufoviolacea Fairmaire, 1881 

striatipennis Bryant in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

testacea Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

virida Gressitt in Bryant & Gressitt, 1957 

57

vitiensis (Bryant), 1942 [Nodostoma] 

Family Cicindelidae 

Oceanella 

vitiensis (Blanchard), 1853; imperfecta (Horn, 1896); pallidesignata 

Brouerius van Nidek, 1957 

Parapolyrhanis 

oceanica Cassola, 1983 (Cassola, 1986) 

Family CIIDAE 

Ceracis 

compressicornis Fairmaire, 1881 

Cis 

fijianus Blair, 1944 

Family CLERIDAE 

Callimerus 

arcufer Chapin, 1919 

Cylidrus 

contumax (Newman), 1842 [Epiteles] 

cyaneus (Fabricius), 1787 [Clerus] 

Necrobia 

ruficollis (Fabricius), 1775 [Dermestes] 

rufipes (De Geer), 1775 [Clerus] 

Ommadius 

lividipes Fairmaire, 1881 

Vitticlerus 

formicinus Miyatake, 1977 

Family COCCINELLIDAE 

Anisorcus 

affinis Crotch, 1874 

fryi Crotch, 1874 

Azya 

trinitatis Marshall, 1912 

Chilomenes 

duodecimpunctata Fauvel, 1867; polynesiae Crotch, 1874 

Coccinella 

58

transversalis Fabricius, 1781; repanda Thunberg, 1781 

Coelophora 

atrolineata Fairmaire, 1881 

inaequalis (Fabricius), 1775 [Coccinella] 

Cryptognatha 

nodiceps Marshall, 1912 

Epilachna 

boisduvali Mulsant, 1850; montrouzieri Fauvel, 1862 

nigrescens Dieke, 1947 

urvillei Montrouzier, 1861 

vigintioctopunctata (Fabricius), 1775 [Coccinella] 

Harmonia 

octomaculata (Fabricius), 1781 [Coccinella]; arcuata (Fabricius), 1787 

[Coccinella] 

Megalocaria 

fijiensis (Crotch), 1874 [Archaioneda tricolor var.] 

tricolor (Fabricius), 1787 [Coccinella] 

Menochilus 

polynesiae (Crotch), 1874 [Chilomenes] 

Micraspis 

lineola (Fabricius), 1775 [Coccinella]; strigula (Boisduval), 1835 

[Coccinella] 

Olla 

v-nigrum (Mulsant), 1866 [Harmonia] 

Orcus 

chalybeus (Boisduval), 1835 [Coccinella] 

Paraphellus 

pacificus Chazeau, 1981 

Parapriasus 

australasiae (Boisduval), 1835 [Coccinella] 

Rodolia 

cardinalis (Mulsant), 1850 [Vedalia] 

Scymnus 

erinaceus Sicard, 1931 

59

fijiensis Sicard, 1922 

Serangium 

comperei Chapin, 1940 

Stethorus 

fijiensis Kapur, 1948 

Synharmonia 

fijiensis Sicard, 1929 

Family COLYDIIDAE 

Bitoma 

latiscula (Fairmaire), 1881 [Neotrichus] 

Euxestus 

parki Wollaston, 1858 

rubripes (Reitter), 1880 [Tritomidea] 

Family CORYLOPHIDAE 

Anisomeristes 

basalis (Sharp), 1885 [Sericoderus] 

Family CUCUJIDAE 

Rhinolaemus 

maculatus Steel, 1954 

Family CURCULIONIDAE 

Acalles 

samoanus Marshall, 1931 

Acamptus 

cancellatus (Marshall), 1921 [Glyphostethus] 

Acicnemis 

biconifer Fairmaire, 1877 

crassiusculus Fairmaire, 1878 

heteroscelis Hubenmthal, 1917 

variegatus Fairmaire, 1849 

Amasa 

consularis (Schedl), 1955 [Xyleborus] 

cylindriformis (Schedl), 1942 [Xyleborus]; circulicauda (Browne), 1974 

[Xyleborus] 

kenchingtoni Beaver, 1995 

truncatiferus (Schedl), 1955 [Xyleborus] 

60

Amblycnemis 

sp. [Zimmerman, 1956] 

Ambrosidomus 

wilderi (Beeson), 1929 [Xyleborus] 

Ampagia 

basicollis Lea, 1929 

nigra Zimmerman, 1943 

rudesquamea Fairmaire, 1881 

vitiensis Lea, 1929 

Anaballus 

amplicollis (Fairmaire), 1849 [Acalles] 

Anomacaulus 

fulvovestitus Fairmaire, 1878 

Apirocalus 

cornutus Pascoe, 1881 

Blepiarda 

lophotes Pascoe, 1865 

unipenicilla (Fairmaire), 1878 [Trichogonus] 

Chaetectetorus 


Cnemidothrix 

clivicollis Marshall, 1956 

evansi Marshall, 1956 

humeralis Marshall, 1956 

moestus Marshall, 1956 

omissus Marshall, 1956 

protensus Fairmaire, 1879 

torvus Marshall, 1956 

Coccotrypes 

advena Blandford, 1894 

carpophagus (Hornung), 1842 [Bostrichus] 

creber (Schedl), 1955 [Poecilips] 

cyperi (Beeson), 1929 [Poecilips] 

dactyliperda (Fabricius), 1801 [Bostrichus] 

fijianus (Schedl), 1942 [Poecilips] 

medius (Eggers), 1927 [Poecilips] 

myristicae (Roepke), 1919 [Thamnurgides] 

leveri Browne, 1970; borassi Beeson, 1939 [misidentification] 

61

nitidus (Eggers), 1923: 147 [Dendrurgus]; insularis (Eggers), 1939 

[Thamnurgides] 

saundersi (Chapuis), 1866 [Platypus] 

tahitensis (Beeson), 1935 [Thamnurgides]; striatus (Eggers), 1927 

[Coccotrypes]; striatulus (Wood), 1989 [Thamnurgides] 

tutuilensis (Beeson), 1929 [Thamnurgides] 

vulgaris (Eggers), 1923 [Dendrurgus] 

Coptonus 

fijianus Kuschel in Kuschel, Leschen & Zimmerman 2000 

Cosmoderes 

cylindricus (Schedl), 1962 [Erioschidias] 

Cosmopolites 

sordidus (Germar), 1824 [Calandra] 

Cranopoeus 

galeatus Marshall, 1931 

muiri Marshall, 1931 

setiger Marshall, 1931 

veitchi Marshall, 1931 

Crossotarsus 

externedentatus Fairmaire, 1850; saundersi Chapuis, 1865 

Cryphalus 

capucinicollis Schedl, 1950 

capucinimorphus Schedl, 1950 

elaboratus Schedl, 1950 

elongatus Schedl, 1962 

mollis Schedl, 1955 

silvanus Schedl, 1951 [from Lund Collection] 

striatus Browne, 1974 

strigipennis Schedl, 1950 

sylvicola Perkins, 1900; sylvicola obliquus Schedl, 1950; dimorphus 

Schedl, 1950 

variolosus Schedl, 1950 

vitiensis Browne, 1974 

zimmermani Schedl, 1950 

Cyrtobagous 

salviniae Calder & Sands, 1985 

Cyrtogenius 

brevior (Eggers), 1927 [Pelicerus] 

cyclopus (Schedl), 1940 [Pelicerus] 

62

fijianus (Schedl), 1951 [Ozopemon] 

samoanus (Eggers), 1928 [Dryocoetes]; granulifer (Beeson), 1929 

[Pelicerus] 

Deretiosus 

apicalis Lea, 1928 

exithioides Lea, 1928 

fasciculiceps Lea, 1931 

invenustus Lea, 1928 

lateroalbus Lea, 1928 

lectus Lea, 1928 

squamituber (Fairmaire), 1881 [Microbothrus] 

variegatus Lea, 1928 

v-nigrum Lea, 1928 

Deretoides 

hispidus Zimmerman, 1938 

muticus (Lea), 1928 [Deretiosus] 

scutellaris (Lea), 1928 [Deretiosus] 

Diapus 

quinquespinatus Chapuis, 1865 

Diathetes 

pandanae Zimmerman, 1939 

Diocalandra 

taitensis (Guérin-Méneville in Schoenherr), 1838 [Sitophilus] 

Diorycaulus 

punctatellus Fairmaire, 1878 

Dipaltosternus 

fairmairei Pascoe, 1883 

insidiator Fairmaire, 1881 

Dynatopechus 

aureopilosus (Fmairmaire), 1849 [Amorphocerus] 

Dyspeithes 

fairmairei Faust, 1893 

Eidophelus 

spinipennis Schedl, 1979 

Elytroteinus 

subtruncatus (Fairmaire), 1881 [Pteroporus] 

63

Elytrurus 

acuticauda Fairmaire, 1879 

angulatus Waterhouse, 1877 

bryani Marshall, 1938 

cervinus Marshall, 1938 

divaricatus Waterhouse, 1877 

durvillei Blanchard, 1853 

evansi Marshall, 1938 

expansus Waterhouse, 1877; angulatus Waterhouse, 1877 

forcipatus Marshall, 1938 

granatus Fairmaire, 1879 

greenwoodi Marshall, 1938 

griseus (Guérin-Méneville), 1841 [Elytrogonus] 

griseus taveuni Marshall, 1938 

leveri Marshall, 1938 

matukuanus Marshall, 1938 

moalensis Marshall, 1938 

obtusatus (Fairmaire), 1881 [Elytrogonus] 

painei Marshall, 1938 

prasinus Marshall, 1938 

protensus Marshall, 1938 

serrulatus Waterhouse, 1877 

simmondsi Marshall, 1938 

smaragdus Marshall, 1938 

squamatus Rainbow, 1897 

subangulatus (Fairmaire), 1883 [Elytrogonus] 

subtritus Marshall, 1938 

subvittatus Pascoe, 1881; horizontalis Fairmaire, 1881 

Euscepes 

postfasciatus (Fairmaire), 1849 [Cryptorhynchus]; batatae (Waterhouse), 

1849 [Ceutorhynchus] 

Eutinophaea 


Euwallacea 

bicolor (Blandford), 1894 [Xyleborus]; unimodus (Beeson), 1929 

[Xyleborus bicolor ssp.]; rameus (Schedl), 1940 [Xyleborus] 

destruens (Blandford), 1896 [Xyleborus]; nandarivatus (Schedl), 1950 

[Xyleborus] 

fornicatus (Eichoff), 1868 [Xyleborus]; schultzei (Schedl), 1950 [Xyleborus; 

nomen nudum] 

kersianus (Browne), 1981 [Xyleborus] 

piceus (Motschulsky), 1863 [Anodius]; indica (Eichhoff), 1879 [Xyleborus] 

xanthopus (Eichhoff), 1868 [Xyleborus] 

64

Ficicis 

porcatus (Chapuis), 1869 [Hylesinus]; subopacus (Eggers), 1930 

[Hylesinus] 

robustus (Eggers), 1939 [Hylesinus] 

wallacei (Blandford), 1896 [Hylesinus] 

Heterobaris 

spathulirostris (Lea), 1931 [Solenobaris] 

Heteromolius 

hylesinoides Fairmaire, 1881 

tricostatus Fairmaire, 1881 

Heterophasis 

discipennis Fairmaire [nomen nudum; Schmeltz, 1881] 

Hypocryphalus 

laticollis Browne, 1974 

Hypothenemus 

adscitus (Schedl), 1950 [Stephanoderes] 

areccae (Hornung), 1842 [Bostrichus]; subglabratus Schedl, 1942 

birmanus (Eichhoff), 1878 [Triarmocerus]; alter (Eggers), 1923 

[Stephanoderes] 

crudiae (Panzer), 1791 [Bostrichus]; lebronneci (Beeson), 1935 


curtipennis (Schedl), 1950 [Stephanoderes] 

dorsosignatus (Schedl), 1950 [Stephanoderes]; fijianus (Schedl), 1955 

[Stephanopodius] 

eruditus Westwood, 1836 

hampei (Ferrari), 1867 [Cryphalus]; jatrophae (Sampson) [Cryphalus] 

kamathi Beaver, 1995 

namosianus Browne, 1984 

seriatus (Eichhoff), 1872 [Stephanoderes]; darwinensis (Schedl), 1942 


Idosaulus 

abditus Zimmerman, 1938 

Idotasia 

cribricollis Lea, 1928 

dehiscens Zimmerman, 1938 

grandicollis Zimmerman, 1938 

humeralis humeralis Lea, 1928 

humeralis immaculata Lea, 1928 

humeralis posthumeralis Lea, 1928 

obsoleta Zimmerman, 1938 

65

Imathia 

fulgida (Zimmerman), 1943 [Amblycnemus] 

Isomerithus 

interruptus Pascoe, 1883 

Leacis 

vitiensis (Lea), 1930 [Eutinophaea] 

Mecistocerus 

atomosparsus (Fairmaire), 1878 [Cyamobolus] 

ocellolineatus Chevrolat, 1872 

Mecopus 

trilineatus Guérin-Méneville, 1838; collaris Pascoe, 1871 

Melanopsacus 

calvulus Wolfrum, 1959 

veitchi Jordan, 1924 

Microcryptorhynchus 

angustior Lea, 1928 

pygmaeus Lea, 1908 

rotundipennis Lea, 1928 


Miocalles 

sp. [Zimmerman, 1957] 

Miocryphalus 

ciliatipennis Schedl, 1979 

Neoeremonyx 

nitidiventris (Lea), 1931 [Solenobaris] 

Nesiobariops 

nemorhina (Lea), 1931 [Baris] 

Nesobaris 

basipennis (Lea), 1931 [Baris] 

vitiensis (Lea), 1931 [Baris] 

Nesogenocis 

cucullus Lea, 1930 

maculosus Zimmerman, 1943 

Orochlesis 

66

angulata Zimmerman, 1936 

ater Zimmerman, 1939 

bella Zimmerman, 1936 

bryani Zimmerman, 1936 

eluta Zimmerman, 1936 

nigra Zimmerman, 1936 

tessellata Zimmerman, 1936 

vitticollis Zimmerman, 1936 

Orthorhinus 

granosparsus Fairmaire, 1881 

Orthotomicus 

angulatus (Eichhoff), 1875 [Ips] 

Osseteris 

marshalli Zimmerman, 1937 

moalae Zimmerman, 1937 

Ottinychus 

comptus Zimmerman, 1939 

gemmatus gemmatus Zimmerman, 1939 

gemmatus griseus Zimmerman, 1939 

Ozedendron 

fijianus (Schedl), 1951 [Ozopemon] 

Ozopemon 

augustae Eggers, 1923; kuscheli Schedl, 1979 

Pachyrrhynchus 

constellatus Oberthur, 1883 

Pantorhytes 

constellatus (Oberthür), 1883 [Pachyrhynchus] 

Parexophthalmus 

vitiensis Marshall, 1941 

Paurommatus 

smaragdus (Marshall), 1917 [Peltotrachelus] 

Phanerostethus 

fasciculatus Zimmerman, 1939 


Physarchus 

67

pyramidalis Pascoe, 1865 

Platypus 

bordeni Beaver 2000 

gerstaeckeri Chapuis, 1865 

namosianus Beaver, 2000 

vitiensis Roberts, 1977 

yasiyasi Roberts, 1977 

Polytus 

mellerborgi (Boheman), 1838 [Sitophilus] 

Pseudocholus 

holocyanus Fairmaire, 1878 

Pseudoleptops 

nodulosus Blanchard, 1853 

Pseudomolius 

crassicornis Fairmaire, 1881 

Pteroporus 

subtruncatus Fairmaire, 1881 

Ptilopodius 

marquesanus Beeson, 1935 

Rhabdocnemis 

obscura (Boisduval), 1835 [Calandra] 

Rhinoscapha 

lagopyga Fairmaire, 1881 

oblita Heller, 1908 

Rhynchophorus 

ferrugineus (Olivier), 1790 [Curculio] 

Scolytogenes 

fijianus (Schedl), 1950 [Lepicerinus] 

gracilis (Schedl), 1950 [Lepicerinus] 

leprosulus (Browne), 1974 [Cryphalomorphus] 

nigellatus (Schedl), 1950 [Lepicerinus] 

puncticollis (Schedl), 1950 [Lepicerinus]; grossepunctatus (Browne), 1974 

[Cryphalomorphus] 

Scolytomimus 

maculatus Beeson, 1929 

68

tenuis Browne, 1984 [from Lund Collection] 

Sitophilus 

granarius (Linnaeus), 1758 [Curculio] 

linearis (Herbst in Jablonsky), 1797 [Rynchophorus] 

oryzae (Linnaeus), 1763 [Curculio] 

zeamais Motschulsky, 1855 

Sphaeropterus 

lineolatus (Blanchard), 1853 [Isomerinthus] 

rufipes (Blanchard), 1853 [Isomerinthus] 

seriegranatus Fairmaire, 1881 

villanosulus Guérin-Méneville, 1841 

Sphenophorus 

circumscriptus Gemminger, 1871 

nebulosus Macleay 

Stenommatus 

musae Marshall, 1920 

Stereoderus 

pacificus Wollaston, 1873 

Storeus 

aurifer Lea, 1927 

gibber Zimmerman, 1938 

inermis Lea, 1927 

minimus Lea, 1927 

Sueus 

niisimai (Eggers), 1926 [Hyorrhynchus] 

Teleodactylus 

angustus Lea, 1928 [Deretiosus] 

minutus Lea, 1928 [Deretiosus] 

parallelus Zimmerman, 1937 

pupureotinctus Lea, 1928 [Deretiosus] 

Thylacosternus 

bigibbosus Fairmaire, 1881 

Trichogonus 

unipencillatus Fairmaire, 1881 

Trigonops 

rotundipennis Fairmaire, 1849 

69

Trigonopterus 

anthrax Fairmaire, 1881 

cribricollis (Lea), 1928 [Idotasia] 

merophysioides Fairmaire, 1879 

semiscribosus Fairmaire, 1881 

Trochorhopalus 

strangulatus (Gyllenhall), 1838 [Sphenophorus] 

Viticis 

bidentatus Lea, 1930 

Xyleborinus 

artelineatus (Beeson), 1929 [Xyleborus]; exiguus (Walker), 1859 

[misidentification] 

artestriatus (Eichhoff), 1878 [Xyleborus] 

perexiguus (Schedl), 1971 [Xyleborus] 

spiniposticus Wood, 1992; spinipennis (Schedl), 1979 [Eidophelus]; 

validicornis (Schedl), 1950 [Xyleborus] 

Xyleborus 

affinis Eichhoff, 1868; mascarensis Eichhoff, 1878 

aplanatideclivis Schedl, 1942 

buxtoni Beeson, 1929 

cognatus Blandford, 1896 

deformatus Browne, 1974 

deplanatulus Schedl, 1950; duplex Browne, 1974 

fallaxoides Schedl, 1955 

ferrugineus (Fabricius), 1801 [Bostrichus]; confusus Eichhoff, 1867 

insulindicus Eggers, 1923 

ipidia Schedl, 1972; planodeclivis Browne, 1974 

partitus Browne, 1974 

perforans (Wollaston), 1857 [Tomicus]; testaceus Walker, 1859; kraatzi 

Eichhoff, 1868; apertus Schedl, 1939 

planipennis Schedl, 1955 

psaltes Schedl, 1955 

ramosus Schedl, 1951 

similis Ferrari, 1867 

subtruncatus Schedl, 1972 

sulcicauda Schedl, 1972; tenuipennis Browne, 1974 

touotai Beaver, 1995 

truncatiferus Schedl, 1955 

volvulus (Fabricius), 1794 [Bostrichus]; torquatus Eichhoff, 1868: 146 

Xylosandrus 

compactus (Eichhoff), 1875 [Xyleborus]; morstatti (Hagedorn), 1912 

[Xyleborus] 

70

fijianus (Schedl), 1938 [Xyleborus]; mutilatus (Blandford), 1894 

[misidentification] 

morigerus (Blandford), 1894 [Xyleborus] 

difficilis (Eggers), 1923 [Xyleborus]; abruptoides (Schedl), 1955 

[Xyleborus] 

Family DERMESTIDAE 

Anthrenus 

fasciatus Herbst in Jablonsky, 1797 

pimpinellae Fabricius, 1775 

Attagenus 

fasciatus (Thunberg), 1784 [Dermestes] 

Dermestes 

ater De Geer, 1774 

carnivorus Fabricius, 1775 [originally spelled as "carniforus"] 

frischi Kugelann, 1792 

maculatus De Geer, 1774; vulpinus Fabricius, 1781 

Orphinus 

fulvipes (Guérin-Méneville), 1838 [Brachysternus] 

Family DISCOLOMIDAE 

Profallia 

vitinus John, 1967 

Family DRYOPHTHORIDAE 

Sphenophorus 

circumscriptus Gemminger, 1871 

nebulosus Macleay, 1887 

Stereoderus 

pacificus Wollaston, 1873 

Family DYTISCIDAE 

Bidessus 

dorsoplagiatus (Fairmaire), 1881 [Hydroporus]; fairmairei Van der 

Branden, 1885 

fijiensis Balfour-Browne, 1944 

leveri Balfour-Browne, 1944 

Copelatus 

amaroides Guignot, 1952 

fidschiensis Zimmermann, 1928 

fijiensis Guignot, 1955 

marginatus Sharp, 1882 

71

strigosulus Fairmaire, 1878 

Cybister 

tripunctatus (Olivier), 1795 [Dytiscus] 

Hydaticus 

consanguineus Aubé, 1838 

fijiensis Régimbart, 1899 

Hydroporus 

strigulosus Fairmaire, 1881 

Hyphydrus 

lyratus Schwartz in Schönherr, 1808 

Macroporus 

tristis Zimmermann, 1926 

Rhantus 

annectens Sharp, 1882 

bula Balke, Wewalka, Alarie & Ribeira, 2007 

kini Balke, Wewalka, Alarie & Ribeira, 2007 

vitiensis Balfour-Browne, 1945 

Family ELATERIDAE 

Agrypnus 

glirinus (Candèze), 1865 [Lacon] 

stricticollis (Fairmaire), 1881 [Lacon] 

Alaus 

costulicollis Fairmaire, 1878 

Anchastus 

maculatus Van Zwaluwenberg, 1943 

major Candeze, 1878 

vitiensis Van Zwaluwenburg, 1929 

Calais 

speciosus (Linnaeus), 1767 [Elater] 

Compshelus 

flavus Candèze, 1878 

Compsolacon 

glirinus (Candeze), 1865 [Lacon] 

stricticollis (Fairmaire), 1881 [Lacon] 

72

Conobajulus 

ugiensis Van Zwaluwenberg, 1940 

Conoderus 

pallipes (Eschscholtz), 1829 [Monocrepidius] 

pauper Schwarz, 1907 

Cryptalaus 

carinulatus (Van Zwaluwenburg), 1940 [Alaus] 

vitilevu Johnson 2002 

Dioxypterus 

beaveri Johnson, 1997 

ensis Van Zwaluwenburg, 1933 

flexuosus Fairmaire, 1881 

guttulatus Fairmaire, 1878 

marshalli Van Zwaluwenburg, 1940 

muiri Van Zwaluwenburg, 1933 

nigrotransversus Fairmaire, 1878 

ovalauensis Van Zwaluwenburg, 1933 

taveuni Van Zwaluwenburg, 1933 

undulatus Schwarz, 1902 

vagepictus Fairmaire, 1878 

wakayensis Van Zwaluwenburg, 1933 

Lacon 

modestus (Boisduval), 1835 [Agrypnus] 

variabilis Candeze, 1857 

Megapenthes 

insularis Van Zwaluwenberg, 1943 

levuensis Van Zwaluwenberg, 1943 

madidus Candèze, 1893 

parvus Van Zwaluwenberg, 1943 

porticulata Van Zwaluwenberg, 1943 

tenuis Van Zwaluwenberg, 1943 

Melanoxanthus 

vitiensis (Van Zwaluwenburg), 1932 [Pacificola] 

Monocrepidius 

pauper (Schwarz), 1907 [Conoderus] 

Pacificola 


Photophorus 

73

jansoni Candèze, 1863 

Propsephus 

euaensis (Schwarz), 1902 [Psephus] 

major (Candèze), 1878 [Anchastus] 

rufipes (Schwarz), 1902 [Psephus] 


zimmermani Van Zwaluwenberg, 1943 

Psephus 

auaensis Schwarz, 1902 

rufipes (Schwarz), 1902 [Psephus] 

Simodactylus 

acutus Van Zwaluwenburg, 1933 

bryani Van Zwaluwenburg, 1940 

cinnamomeus (Boisduval), 1835 [Elater] 

gagneorum Johnson 2002 

hesperius Van Zwaluwenburg, 1940 

obscurus Van Zwaluwenburg, 1940 

tasmani Candèze, 1893 

vanualevu Johnson, 2002 

Tetrigus 

fleutiauxi Van Zwaluwenburg, 1933; silvaticus Van Zwaluwenburg, 1934 

valentini Van Zwaluwenburg, 1940 

Family ERIRHINIDAE 

Neochetina 

eichhorinae Warner, 1970 

Family EROTYLIDAE 

Brachypterosa 

peckorum Zablotny & Leschen, 1996 

Monothallis 

xanthosticta (Crotch), 1876 [Thallis]; perplexa (Blackburn), 1895 [Thallis]; 

samoensis (Heller), 1920 [Thallis] 

Family EUCNEMIDAE 

Dicladus 

melancoleoides Fleutiaux, 1912 

holosericatus Fleutiaux, 1925 

sexramosus Fleutiaux, 1932 

Dromaeolus 

fairmairei Fleutiaux, 1925 

74

Fornax 

anchastoides Fleutiaux, 1932 

evansi Fleutiaux, 1932 

insularis Fleutiaux, 1931 

nitidus Fleutiaux, 1925 

oceanicus Fleutiaux, 1925 

serraticornis Fleutiaux, 1925 

uniformis Fleutiaux, 1925 

vitiensis Fleutiaux, 1925 

Maelodrus 

bryani Fleutiaux, 1931 

dorsalis Fleutiaux, 1931 

freyi Cobos, 1978 

rufiventris Fleutiaux, 1931 

Porraulacus 

basipennis Fleutiaux, 1925 

evansi Fleutiaux, 1932 

transversus Fleutiaux, 1932 

Family GYRINIDAE 

Dineutus 

australis (Fabricius), 1775 [Gyrinus] 

australis ultimus Ochs, 1927 

eccentricus Mouchamps, 1956 

fairmairei Régimbart, 1883 

janthinus Blanchard, 1853 

simmondsi Ochs, 1927 

Family HETEROCERIDAE 

Heterocerus 

flindersi Blackburn, 1888 

Family HISTERIDAE 

Acritus 

dugdalei Gomy, 1983 

fidjicus Gomy, 1983 

fidjiensis Gomy, 1983 

Aeletes 

leai Gomy, 1983 

Australomalus 

fijianus Mazur, 1981 

75

Bacaniomorphus 

semiellipticus (Thérond), 1965 [Abraeomorphus] 

Bacanius 

dentrecasteauxi Gomy, 1976 

kaszabi Gomy, 1977 

Carcinops 

pumilio (Erichson), 1834 [Paromalus]; quattuordecimstriata (Stephens), 

1835 [Dendrophilus] 

Cryptomalus 

kuscheli Mazur, 1981 

Gomyopsis 

kuscheli Dégallier, 1984 

Pachylister 

chinensis (Quensel), 1806 [Hister] 

Plaesius 

javanus Erichson, 1834 

Platylister 

insulicola (Schmidt), 1889 [Platysoma] 

Platylomalus 

arrowi Gomy, 1983 

Platylomanus 

musicus (Marseul), 1864 [Paromalus] 

Platysoma 

contiguum Marseul, 1864 

urvillei Le Guillou, 1844 

Family HYDRAENIDAE 

Hydraena 

evansi Balfour-Browne, 1945 

fijiensis Balfour-Browne, 1945 

Octhebius 

eremita Knisch, 1922 

Family HYDROPHILIDAE 

Chasmogenus 

nitescens (Fauvel), 1883 [Philydrus] 

76

Coelofletium 

coelostomoides (Balfour-Browne), 1945 [Parafletium] 

Cryptopleurum 

evansi Balfour-Browne, 1945 

Dactylosternum 

abdominale (Fabricius), 1792 [Sphaeridium] 

leveri Balfour-Browne, 1942 

subquadratum (Fairmaire), 1849 [Cyclonotum] 

Enochrus 

esuriens (Walker), 1858 [Philhydrus] 

Helochares 

simulator Knisch, 1922 

Hydrophilus 

bilineatus (Macleay), 1825 [Hydrous]; sabelliferus Fairmaire, 1879 

caschmirensis Redtenbacher in Hügel, 1844 

indicus (Bedel), 1892 [Stethoxus] 

picicornis (Chevrolat), 1863 [Hydroporus]; gayndahensis Macleay, 1873 

Laccobius 

roseiceps Régimbart, 1903 

Noteropagus 

obscurus Orchymont, 1919 

Paracymus 

pygmaeus (Macleay), 1871 [Cyclonotum] 

Sternolophus 

(Neosternolophus) 

artensis (Montrouzier), 1860 [Hydrobius] 

marginicollis (Hope), 1841 [Hydrobius] 

Family JACOBSONIIDAE 

Sarothrias 

fijianus Löbl & Burckhardt, 1988 

Family LAEMOPHLOEIDAE 

Cryptolestes 

pusilloides (Steel & Howe), 1952 [Laemophloeus] 

pusillus (Schoenherr), 1817 [Cucujus]; minutus (Olivier), 1791 [Cucujus] 

77

Laemophloeus (s.l.) 

sp. [M. Thomas, in litt.] 

Xylophloeus 

politus (Fairmaire), 1881 [Laemophloeus] 

Family LAMPYRIDAE 

Bourgeoisia 

hypocrita Olivier, 1888 

Luciola 

dermestiformis Fairmaire [nomen nudum] 

nigra McDermott, 1966; atra Pic, 1928 

Family LATRIDIIDAE 

Cartodere 

costricta (Gyllenhal), 1827 [Latridius] 

Gomya 

troglophila Sen Gupta, 1979 

Family LUCANIDAE 

Aegus 

grandis Deyrolle, 1874 

hyperpunctatus Boucher, 1996 

Figulus 

fissicollis Fairmaire, 1849; monochromus Didier, 1931 

foveicollis (Boisduval), 1835 [Platycerus] 

Family LYCIDAE 

Melaneros 

lugubris Fairmaire, 1877 

praelongus Fairmaire, 1877 

samuelsoni Ramsdale, 2007 

Family MELOIDAE 

Zonitis 

angulata (Fabricius), 1787 [Cantharis]; angulifera Blanchard, 1853: 191 

Family MELYRIDAE 

Carphurus 

emarginatus Wittmer, 1968 

epiphyticus Wittmer, 1983 

flavoterminatus Wittmer, 1983 

flavozonatus Wittmer, 1983 

kuscheli Wittmer, 1983 

78

puncticollis Wittmer, 1983 

savuraensis Wittmer, 1984 

vagemaculatus Wittmer, 1968 

vitiensis Wittmer, 1983 

Microcarphurus 

evansi Pic, 1932 

Telocarphurus 

beaveri Wittmer, 1984 

Family MORDELLIDAE 

Dellamora 

aesura Ray, 1949 

castanea (Boheman), 1858 [Mordella] 

consimilis (Blair), 1922 [Mordellistena] 

curticaudata Ray, 1949 

epiblema Ray, 1949 

gracilicaudata (Blair), 1922 [Mordellistena] 

greenwoodi (Blair), 1922 [Mordellistena] 

homora Ray, 1949 

macaria Ray, 1949 

parva Ray, 1949 

Glipostenoda 

samoensis (Blair), 1928 [Mordellistena] 

Mordella 

acies Ray, 1949 

decemguttata Fabricius, 1801 

lacrimosa Lea, 1931 

nesiotica Ray, 1949 

nigroterminata Blair, 1922 

plurinotata Blanchard, 1853 

veitchi Blair, 1922 

vitiensis Blair, 1922 

Mordellistena 

agalma Ray, 1949 

angusticeps Ray, 1949 

arcuata Ray, 1949 

bryani Ray, 1949 

dehiscentis Ray, 1949 

dodonaeae (Montrouzier), 1860 [Mordella] 

inscripta Lea, 1931 

macilenta Ray, 1949 

ploiaria Ray, 1949 

79

poecila Ray, 1949 

variabilis Ray, 1949 

xanthocephala Blair, 1922 

zimmermani Ray, 1949 

Tomoxia 

anotata Ray, 1949 

Family MYCETOPHAGIDAE 

Litargus 

vestitus Sharp, 1879 

Family NITIDULIDAE 

Carpophilus 

dimidiatus (Fabricius), 1792 [Nitidula] 

gentilis (Murray), 1864 [Microxanthus] 

hemipterus (Linnaeus), 1758 [Dermestes] 

maculatus Murray, 1864 

marginellus Motschulsky, 1858 

mutilatus Erichson, 1843 

obsoletus Erichson, 1843 

Epuraea 

(Epuraea) 

ocularis (Fairmaire), 1849 [Epuraea]; tetragonus Murray, 1864 

Epuraea 

(Haptoncus) 

luteolus (Erichson), 1840 [Carphurus] 

takhtajani (Medvedev & Ter-Minassian), 1973 [Haptoncus] 

Hisparonia 

hystrix (Sharp), 1876 [Soronia] 

Stelidota 

attenuata Jelinek, 1984 

gilloglyi Jelinek, 1984 

Urophorus 

humeralis (Fabricius), 1798 [Nitidula] 

Family NOSODENDRIDAE 

Nosodendron 

fijiense Lea, 1931 

Family OEDEMERIDAE 

Eobia 

80

decolor (Fairmaire), 1849 [Nacerdes] 

Falsosessinia 

quadricostata Pic, 1923 

Oedemera 

sericea Guérin-Méneville [nomen nudum] 

Sessinia 

incrassata (Fairmaire), 1878 [Ananca] 

kanack (Fairmaire), 1849 [Nacerdes] 

lagenicollis (Fairmaire), 1878 [Ananca] 

lignicolor (Fairmaire), 1881 [Ananca] 

livida (Fabricius), 1775 [Lagria] 

moorii (Montrouzier), 1860 [Nacerdes] 

subusta (Fairmaire), 1881 [Ananca] 

Thelyphassa 

apicata (Fairmaire), 1881 [Ananca] 

Family PROSTOMIDAE 

Prostomis 

pacifica Fairmaire, 1881 

Family PTILIIDAE 

Acrotrichis 

flavipennis (Deane), 1931 [Trichopteryx] 

Actinopteryx 

lancifer Fauvel, 1981; acutangula Deane, 1931 

Ptilium 

latum Deane, 1931 

parallelum Deane, 1932 

Ptinella 

lacunosa (Deane), 1932 [Leaptiliodes] 

Fijisella 

vituensis Hall, 1999 

Fijiselloides 

nandaivatuensis Hall, 1999 

Vitusella 

fijiensis Hall, 1999 

81

Family PTILODACTYLIDAE 

Pherocladus 

dermestoides Fairmaire, 1880 

Family PTINIDAE 

Kedrinus 

subviolaceus (Pic), 1903 [Ptinus] 

Ptinus 

tectus Boieldieu, 1856 

Family RHIPOPHORIDAE 

Micropelecotoides 

fulvosericans (Fairmaire), 1878 [Pelecotomoides] 

Family SALPINGIDAE 

Inopeplus 

metallescens Fairmaire, 1881 

subviriescens (Reitter), 1878 [Ino] 

Family SCARABAEIDAE 

Adoretus 

sinicus Burmeister, 1855 

versutus Harold, 1869; tenuimaculatus Waterhouse, 1875 [umbrosus ssp.]; 

vitiensis Nonfried, 1891 

Airapus 

sp. [Stebnicka, 1998] 

Anomala 

aeneiventris Fairmaire, 1883 

Aphodius 

castanicolor Motschulsky, 1858 

australasiae Boheman, 1858 

lividus (Olivier), 1789 [Scarabaeus] 

Ataenius 

orbicularis Schmidt, 1914 

peregrinator Harold, 1877 

picinus Harold, 1867 [Cartwright, 1964] 

Dasygnathus 

juba (Kirby), 1818 [Scarabaeus], australis Boisduval, 1835 

Hadrorhyparus 

pecki Howden, 1995 

82

Monteitheolus 

fijiensis Howden & Storey 2000 

Oryctes 

melanops Burmeister, 1847 

rhinoceros (Linnaeus), 1758 [Scarabaeus] 

Papuana 

uninodis Prell, 1912 

Paratasia 

dolens Fairmaire, 1879; vitiensis Nonfried, 1891 

Pelidnotus 

virescens Hopfnägel in Burmeister, 1844 

Poecilopharis 

porioni Allard, 1995 

Protaetia 

fusca (Herbst), 1790 [Cetonia] 

Reichenbachia 

malliolensis Raffray, 1896 

Rhopaea 

subnitida Arrow, 1915 

vestita Arrow, 1915 


Rhyssemus 

germanus (Fabricius), 1767 [Ptinus] 

Saprosites 

pygmaeus Harold, 1877 

Trichorhyssemus 

hirsutus Clouét, 1901 

Family SCIRTIDAE 

Scirtes 

evansi Pic, 1932 

humeralis Pic, 1932 

natovensis Champion, 1919 

veitchi Champion, 1919 

83

Family SCYDMAENIDAE 

Euconnus 

cilifer Franz, 1986 

cristicola Franz, 1986 

fijii Franz, 1971 

nandaivatuensis Franz, 1986 

vanuensis Franz, 1986 

zimmermani Franz, 1971 

Microscydmus 

lauensis Franz, 1986 

vitiensis Franz, 1986 

Neseuthia 

aspera Franz, 1986 

dugdalei Franz, 1986 


lauensis Franz, 1986 

suturalis Franz, 1986 

venuensis Franz, 1986 

vitiensis Franz, 1986 

Paraneseuthia 

vitilevui Franz, 1986 

Scydmaenus 

cristiventris Franz, 1986 

fijianus Franz, 1971 

fijiensis Franz, 1971 


hebridensis Lhoste, 1938 

laqueifer Franz, 1986 

microcephalus Franz, 1986 

miricornis Franz, 1986 

nandarivatu Franz, 1986 

paragracilicornis Franz, 1971 

samoanus Franz, 1971 

taveuni Lhoste, 1940 

tomanivii Franz, 1986 

vanuae Franz, 1986 

vitilevui Franz, 1971 

wainganitui Franz, 1986 

zimmermani Franz, 1971 

Family SILVANIDAE 

Ahasverus 

advena (Waltl), 1834 [Cryptophagus] 

84

Cryptomorpha 

desjardinsi (Guérin-Méneville), 1838 [Trochoideus]; fasciatus 

Redtenbacher, 1867 

Nausibius 

clavicornis (Kugelann), 1794 [Cucujus] 

Oryzaephilus 

mercator (Fauvel), 1889 [Silvanus] 

surinamensis (Linnaeus), 1758 [Chrysomela] 

Protosilvanus 

fasciatus Halstead, 1973 

Psammoecus 

insularis (Sharp in Blackburn & Sharp), 1885 [Telephanus] 

trimaculatus Motschulsky, 1858 

Family STAPHYLINIDAE 

Acanthoglossa 

quadraticeps Cameron, 1927 

Aleochara 

rhopalocera Fauvel, 1878 

Allohoraemorphus 

calcarifer Franz, 1986 

Alzada 

pulcherrima Kistner, 1999 

Anomognathus 

debilis Cameron, 1927 

Anotylus 

pusillimus (Kraatz), 1859 [Oxytelus]; pygmaeus (Kraatz), 1859 [Oxytelus] 

semiruber (Cameron), 1927 [Oxytelus] 

Atheta 

bicincta Cameron, 1927 

Baeocera 

gnava Löbl, 1980 

ignobilis Löbl, 1980 

kuscheli Löbl, 1980 

kuscheliana Löbl, 1980 

85

ovalis Löbl, 1980 

parallela Löbl, 1980 

reducta Löbl, 1980 

vanuana Löbl, 1980 

Batrifigia 

bispina Park, 1952 

bucki Park, 1952 

spinipalpa Park, 1952 

sulcata Park, 1952 

Batrinanda 

foveata Park, 1952 

Batrivitis 

clypeata Park, 1952 

facialis Park, 1952 

Brachida 

densiventris Cameron, 1927 

nigra Cameron, 1927 

Brundinia 

fijiana (Cameron), 1927 [Atheta] 

Cafius 

nasutus Fauvel, 1877 

nauticus (Fairmaire), 1849 [Philonthus] 

Calliderma 

indica (Kraatz), 1859 [Cephalochetus] 

Chledophila 

annularis Cameron, 1921 

Clavilispinus 

leai (Cameron), 1927 [Paralispinus] 

Coenonica 

puncticollis Kraatz, 1857 

Coproporus 

alutaceus (Fauvel), 1878 [Cilea] 

immaturus Bernhauer, 1922 

morulus Lea, 1927 

Ctenandropus 

86

nigriceps Cameron, 1926 

Diestota 

alternans Cameron, 1927 

insularis (Cameron), 1927 [Apheloglossa] 

pacifica (Cameron), 1927 [Apheloglossa] 

vitiensis Bernhauer, 1926 

Diglotta 

maritima Lea, 1927 

Edaphus 

excellens Puthz, 1991 

excelsiventris Puthz, 1991 

excisicollis Puthz, 1991 

exemplatus Puthz, 1991 

exiguus Puthz, 1991 

exiliventris Puthz, 1991 

exorbitans Puthz, 1991 

exornaticollis Puthz, 1991 

exosus Puthz, 1991 

exoticus Puthz, 1991 

expeditus Puthz, 1991 

explorator Puthz, 1991 

exquisitus Puthz, 1991 

exscriptus Puthz, 1991 

exsecticollis Puthz, 1991 

exstans Puthz, 1991 

exsulans Puthz, 1991 

extennatus Puthz, 1991 

externus Puthz, 1991 

exterraneus Puthz, 1991 

fijiensis Puthz, 1974 

kuscheli Puthz, 1991 

kuschelianus Puthz, 1991 

sumatrensis Schaufuss, 1887 

tasmani Puthz, 1991 

Eleusis 

apicipennis (Fairmaire), 1849 [Isomalus] 

humilis (Erichson), 1840 [Isomalus] 

Erochromus 

atomus (Kraatz), 1859 [Coproporus] 

Eupifigia 

fijiensis Park, 1952 

87

laboriosa Park, 1952 

pacifica Park, 1952 

plana Park, 1952 

valentinei Park, 1952 

zimmermani Park, 1952 

Fijiastes 

zimmermani Park, 1952 

Fustiger 

cribratus Mann, 1920 

levuanus Mann, 1920 

raffrayi Mann, 1920 

vitiensis Mann, 1920 

wasmanni Mann, 1920 

Gnypeta 

evansi Pasnik 2005 

insulana (Fairmaire), 1849 [Bolitochara] 

variegata Bernhauer, 1926 

Gryophaena 

discoidalis Fauvel, 1878 

fijiensis Cameron, 1927 

lolotiensis Bernhauer, 1926 

quadripunctula Cameron, 1927 

Hetairotermes 

leai Cameron, 1927 

Homalota 

angularis Cameron, 1927 

variiventris Kraatz, 1859; pectinalis Fauvel, 1878; pectinans [misspelling 

of pectinalis; Greenwood, 1929] 

Kaisia 

oceanica Mann, 1920 

Korovodes 

femoralis Park, 1952 

Lauella 


Leucocraspedum 

cryptocephalum Lea, 1927 

88

Lispinus 

praenobilis Bernhauer, 1926 

sulcipennis Blackburn, 1902 

Lithocharis 

vilis Kraatz, 1859 

Lithocharodes 

fijiensis (Cameron), 1945 [Oligolinus] 

Medon 

scolytinus (Fauvel in Fairmaire), 1879 [Lithocharis] 

Megarthrus 

fijianus Cuccodoro, 1998 

Metoponcus 

hoplocephalus Lea, 1927 

Nacaeus 

castaneus (Fauvel), 1878 [Lispinus] 

impressicollis Motschulsky, 1858 

specularis (Bernhauer), 1904 [Lispinus] 

subopacus (Kraatz), 1859 [Lispinus] 

veitchi (Bernhauer), 1926 [Lispinus] 

Nandarimanu 

alewa Mann, 1920 

Ophiomedon 

incomptus (Sharp), 1885 [Lithocaris] 

Pachycorynus 

delicatulus Cameron, 1927 

pallidus Lea, 1927 

Paederus 


samoensis Fauvel, 1877; vitiensis Fauvel, 1878 

Palaminus 

atriventris Bernhauer, 1926 

lateralis Cameron, 1927 

difficilis Cameron, 1927 

evansi Bernhauer, 1926 


vitiensis Fauvel, 1878 

89

Philonthus 

discoideus (Gravenhorst), 1802 [Staphylinus] 

leveri Cameron, 1943 


Platyola 

polynesica (Bernhauer), 1926 [Paracyphea] 

Priochirus 

samoensis (Blanchard), 1853 [Leptochirus] 

Pseudophaena 

lucida Cameron, 1927 

Reichenbachia 

sexualis Park, 1952 

Remus 

corallicola (Fairmaire), 1849 [Philonthus] 

Rybaxis 

fijiensis Park, 1952; nigra Park, 1952 

insularis Park, 1952 

Scaphitsoma 

aequaum Löbl, 1977 

alienum Löbl, 1977 

debile Löbl, 1980 

distans Löbl, 1977 

fijianum Löbl, 1977 

kuscheli Löbl, 1980 

liliputanum Löbl, 1977 

mucronatum Löbl, 1980 

zimmermani Löbl, 1977 

Scaphoxium 

malekulense (Löbl), 1977 [Toxidium] 

ventrale (Löbl), 1977 [Toxidium] 

vitianum (Löbl), 1977 [Toxidium] 

Scopaeus 

myrmecocephalus Lea, 1927 

unifasciatus Fauvel, 1889 

Silusa 

biplagiata Cameron, 1927 

90

Sternotropa 

brevicornis Cameron, 1927 

elevata (Fauvel), 1889 [Brachida] 

longicornis Cameron, 1927 

Stilicopsis 

breviceps Fauvel, 1927 

Sulcifigia 

bishopae Park, 1952 

Sunorfa 

caviceps (Raffray), 1896 [Bythinomorpha] 

Tetrapleurus 

semiopacus Lea, 1927 

Thamiaraea 

insigniventris Fauvel, 1878 

Zeadolopus 

sp. [Newton, 1983] 

Zeteotomus 

erythrocephalus (Lea), 1927 [Metoponcus] 

platycephalus (Lea), 1927 [Metoponcus] 

semiruber (Fauvel), 1877 [Metoponcus] 

Family TENEBRIONIDAE 

Alphitobius 

diaperinus (Panzer), 1796 [Tenebrio] 

laevigatus (Fabricius), 1767 [Tenebrio] 

piceus (Olivier), 1792 [Helops] 

testaceocornis Pic, 1923 

Amargymus 

hydrophiloides Fairmaire, 1849 

morio (Fabricius), 1775 [Erotylus] 

samoensis Haag-Rutenberg, 1879 

tuberculiger Fairmaire, 1849 

Anaxo 

rufojanthinus Fairmaire, 1879 

Aphyllocerus 

decipiens Fairmaire, 1881 

91

Araucaricola 

compacta Zimmerman, 1942 

parallela Zimmerman, 1942 

simulans Zimmerman, 1942 

Asopidiopsis 

csikii Kaszab, 1955 

elongatus Kaszab, 1955 

ovalis Kaszab, 1955 

Asopis 

suavis Haag-Rutenberg, 1878 

Bionesus 

cinereosparsus Fairmaire, 1877 

Bradymerus 

amicorum Fairmaire, 1849 

apterus Kaszab, 1955 

cancellatus Fairmaire, 1878 

fijianus Kaszab, 1955 

sublaevicollis Fairmaire, 1877 

zimmermani Kaszab, 1955 

Chariotheca 

dentipes Kaszab, 1955 

infima Fairmaire, 1881 

kulzeri Kaszab, 1955 

neomedina Fairmaire, 1881 

profundepunctata Kaszab, 1955 

smaragdipunctata Fairmaire, 1881 

striata Kaszab, 1955 

Csikiola 

sulcipennis Kaszab, 1955 

thesileiformis Kaszab, 1955 

Diphyrhynchus 

chalceus Fairmaire, 1849 

Ebenolus 

fijianus Kaszab, 1955 

laevipennis Kaszab, 1955 

lucidus Kaszab, 1955 


92

Enneacoides 

vinculiger Fairmaire, 1881 

Eutochia 

pulla (Erichson), 1843 [Uloma] 

Falsonotostrongylium 

bradymeroides Kaszab, 1955 

Gnatocerus 

cornutus (Fabricius), 1775 [Tenebrio] 

Gonocephalum 

bilineatum (Walker), 1858 [Opatrum] 

impictum (Fairmaire), 1849 [Leichenum] 

verrucosum (Fairmaire), 1849 [Leichenum] 

Hypophloeus 

cylindrus Reitter, 1877 

Lagria 

dimidiata Blanchard, 1853 

Leichenum 

pinque Fairmaire, 1849 

verrucassum Fairmaire, 1849 

Lorelus 

blairi Kaszab, 1955 

Martianus 

dermestoides Chevrolat, 1878 

Menandris 

aenea Haag-Rutenberg, 1878 

Menimus 

abbreviatus Kaszab, 1955 

csikii Kaszab, 1955 

nitidus Kaszab, 1955 

Mesomorphus 

villiger Blanchard, 1853 [Opatrum] 

Micromenandris 

mirabilis Kaszab, 1955 

93

Neotagalus 

tuberculiger Kaszab, 1955 

Notostrongylium 

apseripenne Kaszab, 1955 

Palorus 

subdepressus (Wollaston), 1864 [Hypophloeus] 

Pentaphyllus 

nanus Kaszab, 1955 

Planibates 

granulosipennis Kaszab, 1955 

Platolenes 

cuprifulgens Kaszab, 1955 

ensis Kaszab, 1955 

fulgidus Kaszab, 1955 

gracilis Kaszab, 1955 

gyorffyi Kaszab, 1955 

kochi Kaszab, 1955 

lucidus Kaszab, 1955 

micros Kaszab, 1955 

opacus Kaszab, 1955 

rugipennis Kaszab, 1955 

simillimus Kaszab, 1955 

violaceous Kaszab, 1955 

Rhipidandrus 

cioides Kaszab, 1955 

Sciophagus 

pandanicola (Boisduval), 1835 [Uloma]; domesticus Montrouzier 

piceus Kaszab, 1955 


Scotoderus 

costatus Fairmaire, 1849 [ 

opacus Kaszab, 1955 

Szekessya 

freyi Kulzer, 1960 

microps Kulzer, 1960 

Tagalopsis 

szekessyi Kaszab, 1955 

94

Tagalus 

brevissimus Kaszab, 1955 

brittoni Kaszab, 1955 

rugosulus Kaszab, 1955 

sulcatus Kaszab, 1955 

Tenebrio 

molitor Linnaeus, 1758 

Thesilea 

funebris Kaszab, 1955 

impressipennis Haag-Rutenberg, 1878 

impressipennis moalana Kaszab, 1955 

lateralis Kaszab, 1955 

puncticeps Fairmaire, 1881 

valentinei Kaszab, 1955 

versicolor Haag-Rutenberg, 1878 

Tribolium 

castaneum (Herbst in Jablonsky), 1797 [Colydium] 

confusum Jacquelin du Val & Fairmaire, 1868 

Uloma 

encausta Fairmaire, 1849 

insularis Guérin-Méneville, 1841; multicornis Fairmaire, 1878 

janthina Boisduval, 1835 

Family TROGOSSITIDAE 

Lophocateres 

pusillus (Klug), 1833 [Peltis] 

Parallelodera 

luteicornis Fairmaire, 1881 

parallela (Fairmaire), 1850 [Trogosita] 

quadraticollis Fairmaire, 1881 

Tenebroides 

mauritanicus (Linnaeus), 1758 [Tenebrio] 

ORDER COLLEMBOLLA 

Family ENTOMOBRYIDAE 

Bonoleriella 

sp. 

Lepidocyrtis 

95

sp. 

Salina 

celebensis (Shäffer), 1898 [Cremastocephalus] 

Family ISOTOMIDAE 

Folsomina 

infelicia Greenslade, 1999 

Family ONCHYURIDAE 

Undetermined genus 1 

sp. [from BPBM Collection] 

Undetermined genus 2 

sp. [from BPBM Collection] 

Family PARONELLIDAE 

Paronellinae 

Undetermined genus 

sp. [from Koronivia Collection] 

Order DERMAPTERA 

Family LABIDURIDAE 

Titanolabis 

colossea (Dohrn), 1864 (Forcinella) 

Anisolabis 

maritima (Bonelli in Géné), 1832 (Forficula) 

tegminata Caudell, 1927 

Antisolabis 

fijica Steinmann, 1989 

Euborellia 

annulipes (Lucas), 1847 (Forficelisa) 

Labidura 

riparia (Pallas), 1773 (Forficula) 

Family LABIIDAE 

Auchenomus 

extractus Steinmann, 1990 

Chaetolabia 

nebulosa Steinmann, 1985 

stoneri (Caudell), 1927 (Chaetospania) 

96

venusta Steinmann, 1985 

Chaetospania 

adolescens Steinmann, 1988 

mjobergi Brindle, 1971 

hawaiiensis (Bormans), 1882 (Forficula) 

Labia 

curvicauda (Motschulsky), 1863 (Forficelisa) 

pilicornis (Motschulsky), 1863 

Nesogaster 

gratiosus Steinmann, 1989 

magnus Steinmann, 1989 

Sphingolabis 

auricoma Rehn, 1948 

latro Steinmann, 1989 

Spirolabia 

solitaria Steinmann, 1987 

Family CHELISOCHIDAE 

Chelisoches 

cheesmanae Hincks, 1952 

morio (Fabricius), 1775 (Forficula) 

Hamaxas 

nigrorufus (Burr), 1902 

ORDER DIPTERA 

Family ANISOPODIDAE 

Mesochia 

schlingeri Thompson, 2006 

vulgaris Thompson, 2006 

Family AGROMYZIDAE 

Agromyza 

bellidis Kaltenbach, 1873 

Calycomyza 

humeralis (Roser), 1840 [Agromyza] 

Cerodontha (Icteromyza) 

piliseta (Becker), 1903 [Agromyza] 

97

Japanagromyza 

trifida Spencer, 1962 

Melanagromyza 

albisquama (Malloch), 1927 [Agromyza] 

alysicarpi Bezzi, 1928 

leguminum Bezzi, 1928 

fijiana Sasakawa, 1963 

metallica (Thomson), 1869 [Agromyza] 

sojae (Zehntner), 1900 [Agromyza] 

sporoboli Sasakawa, 1963 

Ophiomyia 

conspicua Spencer, 1961 [Melanagromyza] 

cornuta de Meijere, 1910 

lantanae Froggatt, 1919 

leucolepis Bezzi, 1928 

lantanae Froggatt, 1919 

phaseoli (Tryon), 1895 [Oscinis] 

Pseudonapomyza 

atra (Meigen), 1830 [Agromyza] 

spinosa Spencer, 1973 

Family ANISOPODIDAE 

Mesochria 

schlingeri Thompson, 2006 

vulgaris Thompson, 2006 

Family ANTHOMYIIDAE 

Anthomyia 

sp. 

Family ANTHOMYZIDAE 

Amygdalops 

nigrinotum Sueyoshi & Rohacek, 2003 

Family ASILIDAE 

Clinopogon 

scalaris (Bigot), 1879 [Stichopogon] 

Despotiscus 

simmondsi Bezzi, 1928 

Maira 

appendiculata Bezzi, 1928 

limbidorsum Bezzi, 1928 

98

Mesoleptogaster 

levusara Evenhuis, 2006 

loaloa Evenhuis, 2006 

meriel Evenhuis, 2006 

pacifica Bezzi, 1928 

vitiensis Evenhuis, 2006 

Ommatius 

curvimargo (Bezzi), 1928 [Ommatinus] 

strigicostus (Bezzi), 1928 [Ommatinus] 

spp. — [from BPBM Colleciton] 

Promachus 

graeffei Schmeltz, 1866; triumphans Bezzi, 1928 

Family ASTEIIDAE 

Asteia 

nigriceps Bezzi, 1928 

Family CALLIPHORIDAE 

Calliphora 

(Calliphora) 

vomitoria (Linnaeus), 1758 [Musca] 

(Paracalliphora) 

salivaga Bezzi, 1927 

Chrysomya 

megacephala (Fabricius), 1794 [Musca] 

rufifacies (Macquart), 1843 [Lucilia] 

varipes (Macquart), 1851 [Lucilia] 

Hemipyrellia 

fijiensis James, 1971 

rhodocera Bezzi, 1927 

Lucilia 

cuprina (Wiedemann), 1830 [Musca] 

Melinda 

elegans Kurahashi, 1970 

Onesia 

bryani Kurahashi, 1981 

fijiensis Kurahashi, 1981 

kraussi Kurahashi, 1981 

99

Rhinia 

apicalis (Wiedemann), 1830 [Idia] 

Stomorhina 

discolor (Fabricius), 1794 [Musca] 

Family CANACIDAE 

Nocticanace 

sp. — [from BPBM collection] 

Family CECIDOMYIIDAE 

Asphondylia 

sp. [FNIC collection] 

Contarinia 


Porricondylia 


Family CERATOPOGONIDAE 

Alluaudomyia 

bipunctata Tokunaga & Murachi, 1959 

tenuistylata Tokunaga, 1959 

Atrichopogon 

atroscutellatus Edwards, 1928 

jacobsoni (de Meijere), 1907 [Ceratopogon] 

Bezzia 

vitilevuensis Wirth & Giles, 1990 

Clinohelea 

tasmaniensis Lee, 1948 

Culicoides 

(Avaritia) 

brevitarsis Kieffer, 1917 

(Unplaced [to subgenus in] Culicoides) 

belkini Wirth & Arnaud, 1969 

cancrisocius Macfie, 1946 

insulanus Macfie, 1933 

mollis Edwards, 1928 

yoshimurai Tokunaga, 1941 

"clavipalpis group sp. no. 3" [Dyce et al., 2007] 

100

"costalis group sp. no. 2" [Dyce et al., 2007] 

"immaculatus group sp. no. 1" [Dyce et al., 2007] 

Dasyhelea 

sp. — [from BPBM Collection] 

Downeshelea 

stenochroa Wirth & Giles, 1990 

Echinohelea 

flava Tokunaga, 1963 

Forcipomyia 

(Euprojoannisia) 

sauteri Kieffer, 1912 

(Lasiohelea) 

carolinensis (Tokunaga), 1940 [Lasiohelea] 

(Microhelea) 

fuliginosa (Meigen), 1818 [Ceratopogon] 

(Phytohelea) 

fijiensis (Macfie), 1945 [Apelma] 

(Trichohelea) 

imparidentes Debenham, 1987 

Hebetula 

tonnoiri (Lee), 1948 [Xenohelea] 

Monohelea 

beaveri Wirth & Giles, 1990 

coloisuvae Wirth & Giles, 1990 

fijiensis Wirth & Giles, 1990 

leveri Wirth & Giles, 1990 

Nilobezzia 

fijiensis Wirth & Giles, 1990 

Stilobezzia 

bifurcata Tokunaga, 1959 

browni Wirth & Giles, 1990 

samoana Edwards, 1928 

Family CHIRONOMIDAE 

Chironomus 

101

hawaiiensis Grimshaw, 1901 

javanus Kieffer, 1924; vitellina (Freeman), 1961 [Chironomus] 

magnivalva Kieffer, 1917 

samoensis Edwards, 1928 

Dicrotendipes 

candidibasis (Edwards), 1924 [Chironomus] 

Pontomyia 

natans Edwards, 1926 

Stenochironomus 

(Petalopholeus) 


Tanytarsus 

halophilae Edwards, 1926 

upoluensis Ashe, 1985; maritimus Edwards, 1926 

Family CHLOROPIDAE 

Cadrema 

latigena Bezzi, 1928 

nigricornis (Thomson), 1869 [Hippelates] 

pallida bilineata (de Meijere), 1904 [Hippelates; as sp.] 

subsultans Bezzi, 1928 

Conioscinella 

poecilogaster (Becker), 1911 [Oscinella] 

Diplotoxa 

(Elliponeura) 

recta (Bezzi), 1928 [Elliponeura] 

Gampsocera 

decussata lissoxantha Bezzi, 1928 

Gaurax 

platycephalus stigmatellus Bezzi, 1928 

pubicollis Becker, 1911 

subpilosus (Becker), 1911 [Oscinella] 

Oscinella 

inaequalis (Becker), 1911 [Oscinella] 

nitidifrons (Becker), 1911 [Meroscinis] 

orthoneura Bezzi, 1928 

Siphunculina 

102

striolata (Wiedemann), 1830 [Chlorops] 

Speccafrons 


Unplaced Oscinellinae 

bipustulata (Bezzi), 1928 [Oscinis] 

centralis (Bezzi), 1928 [Scoliophthalmus] 

nubecula (Bezzi), 1928 [Oscinis] 

xanthomelas (Bezzi), 1928 [Oscinis] 

Family CHYROMYIDAE 

Undetermined Genus 


Family CLUSIIDAE 

Craspedochaeta 

pleuralis (Curran), 1936 [Czernyola] 

sasakawai Lonsdale & Marshall, 2006; pleuralis (Curran), 1936 

[Czernyola] 

Hendelia 

amerinx Lonsdale & Marshall, 2008 

similis Lonsdale & Marshall, 2008 

Heteromeringia 

kondoi Sasakawa, 1966 

veitchi Bezzi, 1928 

Family CULICIDAE 

Aedeomyia 

catasticta Knab, 1909 

Aedes 

(Aedimorphus) 

nocturnus (Theobald), 1903 [Culex] 

(Finlaya) 

burnetti Belkin, 1962 

fijiensis Marks, 1947 

freycinetiae Laird, 1957 

vigilax (Skuse), 1889 [Culex] 

(Levua) 

geoskusea Amos, 1944; suvae Stone & Bohart, 1944 

(Stegomyia) 

103

aegypti (Linnaeus), 1762 [Culex] 

horrescens Edwards, 1935 

polynesiensis Marks, 1951 

pseudoscutellaris (Theobald), 1910 [Stegomyia] 

rotumae Belkin, 1962 

Coquillettidia 

(Coquillettidia) 

fijiensis (Belkin), 1962 [Mansonia] 

Culex 

(Culex) 

annulirostris Skuse, 1889 

sitiens Wiedemann, 1828 

Tripteroides 

(Polylepidomyia) 

rotumanus (Edwards), 1929 [Rachionotomyia] 

(Tripteroides) 

purpuratus (Edwards), 1921 [Rachionotomyia] 

Toxorhynchites 

(Toxorhynchites) 

inornatus (Walker), 1865 [Megarhina] 

splendens (Wiedemann), 1819 [Culex] 

Uranotaenia 

(Pseudoficalbia) 

colocasiae Edwards, 1928 

painei Edwards, 1935 

Family DOLICHOPODIDAE 

Abbemyia 

sp. — [D.J. Bickel, in litt.] 

Ambypsilopus 

alipatei Bickel, 2009 

arenarius Bickel, 2009 

batilamu Bickel, 2009 

bezzii Bickel, 2006 

brorstromae Bickel, 2009 

cakaudrove Bickel, 2009 

cosmochirus (Bezzi), 1928 [Chrysosoma] 

elaquarae Bickel, 2009 

gnathoura Bickel, 2009 

greenwoodi (Bezzi), 1928 [Chrysosoma] 

104

kilaka Bickel, 2009 

kotoi Bickel, 2009 

lakeba Bickel, 2009 

laui Bickel, 2009 

marikai Bickel, 2009 

maulevu Bickel, 2006 

navatadoi Bickel, 2009 

navukailagi Bickel, 2009 

niphas Bickel, 2009 

olsoni Bickel, 2009 

parvulus (Parent), 1934 [Sciapus] 

pulvillatus (Bezzi), 1928 [Condylostylus] 

qaraui Bickel, 2009 

raculei Bickel, 2009 

ratawai Bickel, 2009 

sanjanae Bickel, 2009 

segnis (Parent), 1934 [Sciapus] 

terriae Bickel, 2009 

veisari Bickel, 2009 

volivoli Bickel, 2006 

vusasivo Bickel, 2009 

waqai Bickel, 2009 

waiseai Bickel, 2006 

waivudawa Bickel, 2009 

Campsicnemus 

sp. – [BPBM Collection] 

Chaetogonopteron 


Chrysosoma 

complicatum Becker, 1922 

leucochirum Bezzi, 1928 

ferriferum Lamb, 1929 

liber (Parent), 1934 [Condylostylus] 

luctuosum Parent, 1928 

Chrysotus 

javanensis de Meijere, 1916 

sp.— [from BPBM collection] 

Cryptophleps 

vitiensis Bickel, 2005 

Diaphorus 


105

Cymatopus 

baravikai Evenhuis, 2005 

Krakatauia 

abaca Bickel, 2008 

auribarba Bickel, 2008 

bisignata Bickel, 2008 

bouma Bickel, 2008 

cicia Bickel, 2008 

evodevo Bickel, 2008 

hurleyi Bickel, 2008 

korobaba Bickel, 2008 

lamiensis Bickel, 2008 

melanochira (Bezzi), 1928 [Chrysosoma] 

moanakaka Bickel, 2008 

namatalaui Bickel, 2008 

natewa Bickel, 2008 

navai Bickel, 2008 

nupta (Bezzi), 1928: 67 [Condylostylus] 

planticorum Bickel, 2008 

sigatoka Bickel, 2008 

solodamu Bickel, 2008 

tomaniivi Bickel, 2008 

vuda Bickel, 2008 

Medetera 

grisescens de Meijere, 1916 

salomonis Parent, 1941 

Paraclius 

quadrimaculatus Bezzi, 1928 

sexmaculatus Bezzi, 1928 

subarcuatus Bezzi, 1928 

Parentia 

cagiae Bickel, 2006 

Plagiozopelma 

devoense Bickel, 2005 

flavipodex Becker, 2005 

spinicaudum Bickel, 2005 

tokotaai Bickel, 2005 

vitiense Bickel, 2005 

Sympycnus 

puerulus Bezzi, 1928 

106

Family DROSOPHILIDAE 

Dettopsomyia 

formosa Lamb, 1914 

Drosophila 

(Drosophila) 

sulfurigaster bilimbata Bezzi, 1928 [as sp.] 

trilimbata Bezzi, 1928 

(Sophophora) 

ananassae Doleschall, 1859 

bipectinata pacificae Matsuda, Tomimura & Tobari, 2005 

caribea Sturtevant, 1916 

kikkawai Burla, 1954 

melanogaster Meigen, 1830; ampelophila Loew, 1862 

pallidosa Bock & Wheeler, 1972 

phaeopleura Bock & Wheeler, 1972 

simulans Sturtevant, 1920 

Leucophenga 

angusta Okada, 1956 

Lissocephala 

fijiensis Harrison, 1954 

Microdrosophila 

(Microdrosophila) 

convergens (Malloch), 1934 [Hopkinsomyia] 

suvae Wheeler & Kambysellis, 1966 

Mycodrosophila 

caesia McEvey & Polak, 2005 

delta McEvey & Polak, 2005 

fascinata McEvey & Polak, 2005 

gratiosa (de Meijere), 1911 [Drosophila] 

Scaptodrosophila 

bryani Malloch, 1934 

fuscovittata Harrison, 1954 

zebrina Bezzi, 1928 

Zygothrica 

fijiana Takada, 1976 

Family DRYOMYZIDAE 

Dryomyza 

107


Family EMPIDIDAE 

Dolichocephalus 

ciwatikina Sinclair & Evenhuis, 2005 

walutikina Sinclair & Evenhuis, 2005 

Hemerodromia 

dromodromoa Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

iqasoa Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

kumia Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

moqimoqilia Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

raradamua Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

senivaua Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

spiculata Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

subiqasoa Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

votovotoa Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

vucea Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

vulacia Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

vutivutia Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

watlingi Plant & Sinclair, 2008 

Epiceia 

pullus Bezzi, 1928 

Family EPHYDRIDAE 

Ceropsilopa 


Discocerina 

(Discocerina) 

mera Cresson, 1939 

Discomyza 

maculipennis (Wiedemann), 1824 [Notiphila] 

Hecamede 


Hecamedoides 


Hostis 

guamensis Cresson, 1945 

Hyadina 


108

Nostima 


Paralimna 

lineata de Meijere, 1908 

Placopsidella 


Polytrichophora 


Psilopa 

flavimana Hendel, 1913 

polita (Macquart), 1835 [Hydrellia] 

pollinosa (Kertész), 1901 [Ephygrobia] 

Zeros 


Family FANNIIDAE 

Euryomma 

peregrinum (Meigen), 1826 [Anthomyia] 

Fannia 

albitarsis Stein, 1911 

canicularis (Linnaeus), 1761 [Musca] 

pusio (Wiedemann), 1830 [Anthomyia]; glabella Bezzi, 1928 

Family HIPPOBOSCIDAE (including Nycteribiidae and Streblidae) 

Brachytarsina 

buxtoni (Falcoz), 1927 [Nycteribosca] 

scutellaris (Jobling), 1936 [Nycteribosca] 

Cyclopodia 

inclita Falcoz, 1927 

pembertoni Scott, 1932 

Icosta 

(Ornithoponus) 

suvaensis (Bequaert), 1941 [Lynchia] 

Myophthiria 

fijiarum Maa, 1980 

Ornithoctona 

109

plicata (Olfers), 1816 [Ornithomyia] 

Ornithoica 

(Ornithoica) 

exilis (Walker), 1861 [Ornithomyia] 

Ornithophila 

metallica (Schiner), 1862 [Ornithomyia] 

Hippobosca 

equina Linnaeus, 1758 

Family HYBOTIDAE 

Drapetis 


Hybotinae 



Syneches 

oedicnemus Bezzi, 1928 

pullus (Bezzi), 1928 [Epiceia] 

spinidorsum Bezzi, 1928 

Tachydromiinae 



Family KEROPLATIDAE 

Chiasmoneura 

melanesica Evenhuis, 2005 

Heteropterna 

flavovittata Matile, 1990 

"Neoplatyura" 


Proceroplatus 

moala Evenhuis, 2006 

pectinata Evenhuis, 2006 

"Setostylus" 


Orfeliini 

110


sp. — [N. Evenhuis, in litt.] 

Family LAUXANIIDAE 

Eucyclosis 

splendida Bezzi, 1928 

variegata Bezzi, 1928 

sp. — [S. Gaimari, in litt.] 

Homoneura 

(Euhomoneura) 

hemixantha Bezzi, 1928 

(Griphoneuroides) 

insignis (Bezzi), 1928 [Griphoneura] 

(Homoneura) 

postmacula (Walker), 1849 [Chlorops] 

(Minettioides) 

ensifera (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

lissonota (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

reptans (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

tephrotaenia (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

volitans (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

(Solomonia) 

acrotoxa (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

vertebrata (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

(Unplaced [to subgenus in] Homoneura) 

sertulata (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

Panurgopsis 

flava Kertész, 1915 

Prochaetops 

nigriseta Bezzi, 1928 

Sapromyza 

discontinua Bezzi, 1928 

invertebrata Bezzi, 1928 

Trypetisoma 

(Trypaneoides) 

caniventre (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

cirrhicauda (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

111

leucostictum (Bezzi), 1928 [Sapromyza] 

Family LIMONIIDAE 

Cheilotrichia 

(Empeda) 

zimmermani Alexander, 1971 

Conosia 

insularis Alexander, 1942 [irrorata ssp.) 

irrorata (Wiedemann), 1828 [Limnobia] 

Degeneromyia 

thais (Alexander), 1956 (Limonia) 

Dicranomyia 

fijiana Alexander, 1924 

fullawayi Alexander, 1915 [as fullowayi] 

illingworthi Alexander, 1914 

sordida Brunetti, 1912 

(Doaneomyia) 

fijicola (Alexander), 1953 [Limonia]; fijiensis Alexander, 1924 

Erioptera 

(Erioptera) 

oceanica Alexander, 1914 

(Meterioptera) 


Geranomyia 

vitiella (Alexander), 1956 [Limonia] 

Goniodineura 

apsellia Alexander, 1978 

kraussiana Alexander, 1972 

lacrimula Alexander, 1956 

veitchi Alexander, 1956 

Gonomyia 

(Gonomyia) 

varipes Alexander, 1914 

(Lipophleps) 

degeneri Alexander, 1956 

digitifera Alexander, 1924 

fijiensis Alexander, 1914 

112

kraussi Alexander, 1956 

pietatis Alexander, 1940 

vanuana Alexander, 1956 

victorina Alexander, 1956 

zimmermani Alexander, 1956 

Helius 

(Eurhamphidia) 

perlongatus Alexander, 1978 

perlongatus vitiensis Alexander, 1956 

Idioglochina 

idioglochina sp. Alexander, 1921 [from BPBM collection] 

Libnotes 

colossa (Alexander), 1971 [Limonia] 

greenwoodi Alexander, 1924 

Limnobia 

perkinsi (Grimshaw), 1901 [Limonia] 

strigivena (Walker), 1861 [Limonia] 

vitiana (Alexander), 1956 [Limonia] 

Limonia 

bipendula Alexander, 1978 

dactylolabis (Alexander), 1921 [Limnobia] 

perextensa Alexander, 1971 

prolixisetosa Alexander, 1971 

stoneri Alexander, 1925 

viticola Alexander, 1978 

(Metalibnotes) 

fijiensis (Alexander), 1914 [Teucholabis] 

persetosa decemsetosa Alexander, 1956 

persetosa persetosa Alexander, 1956 

veitchiana (Edwards), 1924 [Libnotes] 

(Nealexandriaria) 

anisota (Alexander), 1973 [Limonia] 

ochricapilla (Alexander), 1956 [Limonia] 

Orimarga 

carnosa Alexander, 1956 

niveibasis Alexander, 1956 

sanguinicolour Alexander, 1956 

Riedelomyia 

113

teucholabina (Alexander), 1921 [Limnobia] 

Styringomyia 

didyma Grimshaw, 1901 

fumosa Edwards, 1924 

Thrypticomyia 

subsaltens (Alexander), 1924 [Dicranomyia] 

Toxorhina 

(Eutoxorhina) 

simplex Alexander, 1934 

(Toxorhina) 

basiseta Alexander, 1978 

noeliana Alexander, 1956 

perproducta Alexander, 1956 

Trentepohlia 

(Mongoma) 

brevicellula Alexander, 1924 

monacantha Alexander, 1978 

parvicellula Alexander, 1973 

(Trentepohlia) 

fijiensis (Alexander), 1914 [Mongoma] 

Family LONCHAEIDAE 

Lamprolonchaea 

gilvipata McAlpine, 1964 

metatarsata (Kertész), 1901 [Lonchaea] 

smaragdi (Walker), 1849 [Notiphila]; aurea (Macquart), 1851 [Lonchaea] 

Lonchaea 

cyaneonitens Kertész, 1901 

linefacies McAlpine, 1964 

Silba 

calva (Bezzi), 1914 [Lonchaea] 

perplexa (Walker), 1860 [Lauxania] 

Family LYGISTORRHINIDAE 

Lygistorrhina 

fijiensis Evenhuis, 2008 

Family MICROPEZIDAE 


114


Family MILICHIIDAE 

Desmometopa 

inaurata Lamb, 1914 

m-nigrum (Zetterstedt), 1848 [Agromyza] 

singaporensis Kertész, 1899; palpalis De Meijere, 1914 

tarsalis Loew, 1866 

varipalpis Malloch, 1927 

Leptometopa 

pacifica Papp, 1984 

pecki Papp, 1984 

Milichia 

angustifrons Bezzi, 1928 

Milichiella 

lacteipennis (Loew), 1866 [1872] [Lobioptera] 

Neophyllomyza 


Pholeomyia 


Family MUSCIDAE 

Atherigona 

hendersoni Malloch, 1923 

laeta (Wiedemann), 1830 [Coenosia] 

orientalis Schiner, 1868; excisa (Thomson), 1969 [Coenosia]; trilineata 

Stein, 1900 

poecilopoda Bezzi, 1928 

splendens Bezzi, 1928 

Dichaetomyia 

elegans Malloch, 1928; prodigiosa Bezzi, 1928 

taveuniana Pont & Evenhuis, 2006 

vicaria Walker, 1859 [Aricia] 

Haematobia 

irritans (Linnaeus), 1758 [Conops] 

Hydrotaea 

spinigera (Stein), 1910 [Ophyra] 

Limnophora 

115

mesolissa Bezzi, 1928 

Lispe 

assimilis Wiedemann, 1824 

tentaculata (De Geer), 1776 [Musca] 

Musca 

domestica Linnaeus, 1758 

vetutissima Walker, 1849 

Muscina 

stabulans (Fallén), 1817 [Musca] 

Myospila 

effeminata Vockeroth, 1972 

Neomyia 

greenwoodi (Bezzi), 1928 [Orthellia] 

simmondsi (Bezzi), 1928 [Orthellia] 

Orchisia 

costata (Meigen), 1826 [Sapromyza] 

Parvisquama 

dolichocera (Bezzi), 1928 [Coenosia] 

microlepis (Bezzi), 1928 [Coenosia] 

tripuncta (Malloch), 1928 [Lispocephala] 

Passeromyia 

indecora (Walker), 1858 [Morellia] 

veitchi Bezzi, 1928 

Pygophora 

ctenophora Bezzi, 1928 

Stomoxys 

calcitrans (Linnaeus), 1758 [Conops] 

indicus Picard, 1908 

Synthesiomyia 

nudiseta (Wulp), 1883 [Cyrtoneura] 

Family MYCETOPHILIDAE 

Clastobasis 

fijiana (Edwards), 1924 [Leiomyia] 

Epicypta 

116

greenwoodi (Edwards), 1924 [Delopsis] 

Manota 

tricuspa Hippa, 2007 

Neoempheria 


Family MYTHICOMYIIDAE 

Mythicomyia 

(Heterhybos) 


Family NERIIDAE 

Telostylinus 

lineolatus (Wiedemann), 1830 [Nerius] 

speculator Hennig, 1937 

Family OESTRIDAE 

Gasterophilus 

intestinalis (De Geer), 1776 [Oestrus] 

nasalis (Linnaeus), 1758 [Oestrus] 

salutiferus (Clark), 1816 [Oestrus]; salutarius [misspelling of salutiferus; 

Greenwood, 1929] 

Family PERISCELIDIDAE 

Cyamops 

fiji Baptista & Mathis, 2000 

Stenomicra 

australis Malloch, 1927 

fascipennis Malloch, 1927 

distinctipennis (Collin), 1951 [Diadelops] 

Family PHORIDAE 

Chonocephalus 

dorsalis Wandolleck, 1898 

Dohrniphora 

cleghorni Bigot 

cornuta (Bigot), 1857 [Phora] 

Megaselia 

(Aphiochaeta) 

aneura Malloch, 1935 

excisoides Beyer, 1966 

117

(Megaselia) 

rufipes (Meigen), 1804 [Trineura] 

scalaris (Loew), 1866 [1872] [Phora] 

Puliciphora 

lucifera Dahl, 1897 

Woodiphora 

fijiensis Disney, 1989 

Family PIOPHILIDAE 

Piophila 

australis (Harrison), 1959 [Protopiophila] 

casei (Linnaeus), 1758 [Musca] 

Family PIPUNCULIDAE 

Cephalosphaera 

sp. [Skevington, 2006] 

Chalarus 

irwini Skevington & Kehlmaier, 2008 

Clistoabdominalis 


Collinias 

croceus Skevington, 2006 

dolabratus Skevington, 2006 

schlingeri Skevington, 2006 

vitiensis (Muir), 1906 

Dasydorylas 


Microcephalops 


Tomosvaryella 

cagiae Skevington & Földváry, 2007 

corusca Skevington & Földváry, 2007 

moala Skevington & Földváry, 2007 

Family PLATYPEZIDAE 

Microsania 

fijiensis Sinclair & Chandler, 2007 

Family PLATYSTOMATIDAE 

118

Meringomeria 

neurostigma (Bezzi), 1928 [Plagiostenopterina] 

Naupoda 

simmondsi Bezzi, 1928 

Pseudorichardia 

aristalis Bezzi, 1928 

Rivellia 

basilaris (Wiedemann), 1830 [Trypeta] 

connata (Thomson), 1869 [Herina] 

perspicillaris Bezzi, 1928 [basilaris var.] 

Scholastes 

bimaculatus Hendel, 1914 

cinctus (Guérin), 1831 [(Guérin-Méneville), 1838] [Platystoma] 

Family PSYCHODIDAE 

Brunettia 

(Brunettia) 

biformis Edwards, 1928 

sexpunctata Satchell, 1950 

unipunctata Freeman, 1951 

Clogmia 

vitiensis (Satchell), 1950 [Telmatoscopus] 

Philosepedon 

tineiformis (Edwards), 1928 [Lepidopsychoda] 

Psychoda 

alternata Say, 1824 

cochlearia Satchell, 1950 

harrisi Satchell, 1950 

makati del Rosario, 1936 

infurcis Satchell, 1950 

ochra Quate, 1959 

quadrifilis Edwards, 1928 

savaiiensis Edwards, 1928 

Telmatoscopus 

(Eutelmatoscopus) 

inusitatus Satchell, 1950 

Family RHAGIONIDAE 

Chrysopilus 

119

coeruleothorax Lindner, 1925 

fijiensis Webb, 2006 

schlingeri Webb, 2006 

Family SARCOPHAGIDAE 

Boettcherisca 

peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy), 1830 [Myophora]; fuscicauda (Boettcher), 

1912 [Sarcophaga] 

Fijimyia 

tephrura (Bezzi), 1928 [Sarcophaga] 

Hybopygia 

varia (Walker), 1836 [Sarcophaga] 

Oxysarcodexia 

taitensis (Schiner), 1868: 314 [Sarcophaga] 

Sarcophaga 

dux (Thomson), 1869 [Sarcophaga] 

ganura Bezzi, 1928 

polita Malloch, 1929 

tephroides Shinonaga & Kano, 1993 

vitilevensis Shinonaga & Kano, 1993 

Sarcophagula 

limbatella Bezzi, 1928 

Family SCATOPSIDAE 

Swammerdamella 

albimana Edwards, 1924 

Family SCENOPINIDAE 

Scenopinus 

fijianus (Kröber), 1939 [Omphrale] 

Family SCIARIDAE 

Bradysia 

radicum Brunetti, 1912 [Sciara] 

Comosciara 

perniciosa Edwards, 1922 [Plastosciara] 

Dodecasciara 

debilis Edwards, 1928 

Phorodonta 

120

pacifica Edwards, 1924 

Plastosciara 

flavibasis Edwards, 1928 

Pseudozygoneura 

musicola Steffan, 1969 

Sciara 

distigma Edwards, 1924 

Trichosia 

(Mouffetina) 

sp. [Evenhuis, 2007] 

Vulagisciara 

myrmecophila Evenhuis, 2007 

Family SCIOMYZIDAE 

Graphomyzina 

dives (Bezzi), 1928 [Sciomyza] 

Sepedon 

lata Bezzi, 1928 [costalis var.] 

Family SEPSIDAE 

Australosepsis 

niveipennis (Becker), 1903 [Sepsis] 

Family SIMULIIDAE 

Simulium 

(Hebridosimulium) 

laciniatum Edwards, 1924 

Family SPHAEROCERIDAE 

Coproica 

ferruginata (Stenhammar), 1854 [Coproica] 

rufifrons Hayashi, 1991 

Opalimosina 

australis Hayashi, 2009 

Spelobia 

puerula (Rondani), 1880 [Limosina]; bifrons (Stenhammar), 1854 

[Limosina] [Greenwood, 1929] 

Spinilimosina 

121

ufifrons (Duda), 1925 [Leptocera brevicostata Duda var.] 

Family STRATIOMYIDAE 

Bistinda 

castanea Bezzi, 1928 

Brachycara 

thomsoni Bezzi, 1928 

Cephalochrysa 

maxima (Bezzi), 1928 [Microchrysa] 

Chromatopoda 

annulipes (Walker), 1849 [Sargus] 

Eufijia 

albicornis Bezzi, 1928 

dimidiata Bezzi, 1928 

flavinervis Bezzi, 1928 

tarsalis Bezzi, 1928 

tibialis Bezzi, 1928 

Haplofijia 

simplex Bezzi, 1928 

Obrapa 

leucostigma Bezzi, 1928 

Odontomyia 

fulminans Bezzi, 1928 

gagathina Bezzi, 1928 

heterogastra Bezzi, 1928 

parallelina aegrota Bezzi, 1928 [parallelina var.] 

parallelina pavida Bezzi, 1928 [parallelina var.] 

parallelina parallelina Bezzi, 1928 

parallelina pura Bezzi, 1928 [parallelina var.] 

Pegadomyia 

glabra Bezzi, 1928 

Pinaleus 

bivittatus Bezzi, 1928 

conformis Bezzi, 1928 

rostrifer Bezzi, 1928 

Pristaspis 

truncata Bezzi, 1928 

122

Sphaerofijia 

evazaeformis Bezzi, 1928 

Family STRONGYOLPHTHALMYIIDAE 

Strongylophthalmyia 

immaculata Hennig, 1940 [BPBM collection] 

Family SYRPHIDAE 

Allograpta 

(Allograpta) 

amphotera (Bezzi), 1928 [Xanthogramma] 

javana (Wiedemann), 1824 [Syrphus] 


Asarkina 

oceanica Bezzi, 1928 [ericetorum var.] 

papuana Bezzi, 1908 [ericetorum var.] 

Austalis 

rhynchops (Bezzi), 1928 [Eristalis] 

Dissoptera 

unicolor Bezzi, 1928 

Episyrphus 

(Asiobaccha) 

praefica (Bezzi), 1928 [Baccha] 

Eristalinus 

(Lathyrophthalmus) 

dives (Walker), 1849 [Eristalis] 

vitrescens (Hull), 1937 [Lathyrophthalmus] 

Eumerus 

hemipterus Bezzi, 1928 

Ischiodon 

scutellaris (Fabricius), 1805 [Scaeva] 

Melanostoma 

apicale Bigot, 1884; 

univittatum (Wiedemann), 1824 

Microdon 


123

Ornidia 

obesa (Fabricius), 1775 [Syrphus] 

Simosyrphus 

grandicornis (Macquart), 1842 [Syrphus] 

vitiensis (Bezzi), 1928 [Syrphus corollae var.] 

Syritta 

orientalis Macquart, 1842 

Family TABANIDAE 

Cydistomyia 

bezzii Mackerras & Rageau, 1958 

fijiensis Burger, 2006 

limbatella (Bezzi), 1928 [Tabanus] 

pacifica (Ricardo), 1917 [Tabanus] 

Japenoides 

veitchi (Bezzi), 1928 [Neobolbodimyia] 

Tabanus 

atrostriatus Burger, 2006 

fijianus Ricardo, 1914 

koroyanituensis Burger, 2006 

lamiensis Burger, 1991 

yoshimotoi Burger, 1991 

Family TACHINIDAE 

Actia 

sp. — [H. Shima, in litt.] 

Actinochaetopteryx 


Anagonia 


Argyrophylax 

basifulva Bezzi, 1925 

proclinata Crosskey , 1963 

Bactromyiella 

aureocincta (Mesnil), 1952 [Bactromyiella] 

ficta (Walker), 1861 [Masicera] 

Bessa 

remota (Aldrich), 1925 [Ptychomyia] 

124

Blepharipa 


Cavillatrix 

antennalis Shima, 1996 

curtichela Shima, 1996 

fijiana Shima, 1996 

plumifera (Bezzi), 1928 [Rhinomyiobia] 

Ceromya 

spp. — [H. Shima, in litt.] 

Chaetogena 


Compsilura 

concinnata (Meigen), 1824 [Tachina] [H. Shima, in litt.] 

Cylindromyia 

pacifica Bezzi, 1928 

Donovanius 

transfuga (Bezzi), 1928 [Rutilia] 

sp.— [from BPBM Collection] 

Drino 

(Palexorista) 

painei (Baranov), 1934 [Sturmia] 

sollenis (Walker), 1858 [Masicera] 


Eucelatoria 

armigera (Coquillett), 1889 [Tachina] 

Graphogaster 

spoliata Bezzi, 1928 


Lespesia 

archippivora (Riley), 1871 [Tachina] 

Leucostoma 


Leverella 


125

Linnaemya 


Lixophaga 

sphenophori (Villeneuve), 1911 [Ceromasia] 

Medinodexia 


?Monoleptophaga 


Mycteromyiella 

laetifica (Mesnil), 1950 [Mycteromyia] 

Pales 

bezziana (Baranov), 1934 [Myiofijia] 

poecilochaeta (Bezzi), 1928 [Phorocera] 


Paradrino 

fijiana Shima, 1984 

Paropsivora 


Peribaea 

orbata (Wiedemann), 1830 [Tachina] 

stiglinae (Bezzi), 1928 [Actia] 

sp. 1 —[H. Shima, in litt.] 

Phasia 


Phytorophaga 

petiolata (Townsend), 1926 [Malayomedina] 

Prosopaea 

pygmaella Bezzi, 1928 


Rasiliverpa 

vicinella (Mesnil), 1969 [Billaea] 

Rhinomyobia 

minuta Bezzi, 1928 

126

Sipholeskia 

ignifrons Bezzi, 1928 

Semisturmia 


Senometopia 

leptocephala Bezzi, 1928 

Sisyropa 


Stomatomyia 

tricholygoides Bezzi, 1928 

Strongygaster 


Therobia 

abdominalis (Wiedemann), 1830 [Trypoderma]; punctipennis Bezzi, 1928 

vesculifera Bezzi, 1928 

Trigonospila 


Voriella 

?cinerella (Mesnil), 1953 [H. Shima, in litt.] 

Winthemia 

caledoniae Mesnil, 1969 


Family TEPHRITIDAE 

Anomoia 

curvinervis (Bezzi), 1928 [Pseudospheniscus] 

Bactrocera 

(Bactrocera) 

curvipennis (Froggatt), 1909 [Dacus] 

distincta (Malloch), 1931 [Dacus] 

kirki (Froggatt), 1910 [Dacus] 

passiflorae (Froggatt), 1910 [Dacus] 

Dioxyna 

conflicta (Curran), 1929 [Ensina] 

127

Enicopterina 

bivittata Malloch, 1939 

Euaresta 

aequalis (Loew), 1862 [Trypeta] 

Dirioxa 

pornia (Walker), 1849 [Trypeta] 

Myoleja 

bifida (Bezzi), 1928 [Pseudospheniscus] 

mesopleuralis (Malloch), 1939 [Pseudospheniscus] 

(Notodacus) 

xanthodes (Broun), 1904 [Tephrites] 

Parachlaena 

greenwoodi (Bezzi), 1928 [Rhacochlaena] 

Rhacochlaena 

lemniscata (Enderlein), 1911 [Trypeta] 

rivulosa Bezzi, 1928 

punctilabris (Bezzi), 1928 [Ocneros] 

Sphaeniscus 

atilius (Walker), 1849 [Trypeta] 

binoculatus (Bezzi), 1928 [Sphaeniscus] 

Spathulina 

acroleuca (Schiner), 1868 [Tephritis] 

Tephritis 

pentagonella (Bezzi), 1928 [Euribia] 

Tetraeuaresta 

obscuriventris (Loew), 1873 [Trypeta] 

Family TETHINIDAE 

Dasyrhicnoessa 

bicolor Munari, 2002 

clandestina Munari, 2002 

insularis (Aldrich), 1931 [Tethina] 

sexseriata (Hendel), 1913 [Rhicnoessa] 

Family THEREVIDAE 



128

Family TIPULIDAE 

Holorusia 

damuda Evenhuis, 2006 

degeneri Alexander, 1978 

fijiensis (Alexander), 1921 [Ctenacroscelis]; vitiana Alexander, 1978 

lepida (Alexander), 1924 [Ctenacroscelis] 

mamare Evenhuis, 2006 

picturata Evenhuis, 2006 

schlingeri Evenhuis, 2006 

tabogo Podenas & Evenhuis, 2009 

vanua Podenas & Evenhuis, 2009 

walkeriana (Alexander), 1924 [Ctenacroscelis] 

Family ULIDIIDAE 

Acrosticta 

apicalis (Williston), 1896 [Euxesta] 

Euxesta 

annonae (Fabricius), 1794 [Musca] 

ORDER EMBIIDAE 

Oligotoma 

sp. [from Friederichs, 1935] 

ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA 

Family BAETIDAE 

Baetis 

sp. A [from Flowers, 1990] 

sp. B [from Flowers, 1990] 

sp. C [from Flowers, 1990] 

Cleon 

sp. A [from Haynes, 1999] 

sp. B [from Haynes, 1999] 

New Genus A [nr. Pseudoclocon] [from Flowers, 1990] 

sp. [from Haynes, 1999] 

sp. 1 [from Flowers, 1990] 







129

New Genus B [Cloeodes complex] [from Flowers, 1990] 




Family CAENIDAE 

Caenis 

sp. [from Flowers, 1990] 

ORDER HETEROPTERA 

Family ALYDIDAE 

Leptocorisa 

acuta (Thunberg), 1783 [Cimex] 

oratorius (Fabricius), 1794 [Cimex] 

Melanacanthus 

margineguttatus Distant, 1911 

scutellaris Dallas, 1852 

Noliphus 

insularis Stål, 1873 

Riptortus 

abdominalis Westwood, 1842 [Alydus] 

annulicornis (Boisduval), 1835 [Alidus] 

insularis China, 1930 

tutuilensis China, 1930 

Family ANTHOCORIDAE 

Anthocoris 

pacifica Kirkaldy, 1908 

Physopleurella 

pacifica Gross, 1954 

Family ARADIDAE 

Acarapta 

ovata Kormilev, 1968 

denticulata Kormilev, 1968 

gibbosa Kormilev, 1968 

rotundata Kormilev, 1968 

tuberculata Kormilev, 1968 

Arbanatus 

elongatus (Kormilev), 1967 [Pictinellus] 

130

fungicola (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Ctenoneurus] 

leai (Kormilev), 1967 [Pictinellus] 

longiceps (Kormilev), 1967 [Pictinellus] 

longirostris Kormilev, 1971 

moturikensis (Kormilev), 1967 [Pictinellus]; maturikensis: incorrect 

original spelling of moturikensis (Kormilev, 1967) 

parallelus gracilis Kormilev, 1971 

Arictus 

izzardi (Kormilev), 1955 [Mezira] 

Artabanus 

fijiensis Kormilev, 1971 

mcfarlandi (Kormilev), 1967 

Brachyrhynchus 

sp. [Australian Faunal database] 

Calisius 

excelsus Kormilev, 1967 

madgalenae Kormilev, 1966 

pacificus Kirkaldy, 1908 

pallidus Kormilev, 1967 

zimmermani Kormilev, 1967 

Camerarius 

intermediarus Kormilev, 1969 

kirkaldyi (China), 1930: 109 [Carventus] 

Carventus 

minusculus Kormilev, 1969 

ovatus Kormilev, 1969 

robustus Kormilev, 1966 

Ctenoneurus 

bergrothianus Kirkaldy, 1908 

fijiensis Kormilev, 1971 

Phanocoris 

lobatus Usinger & Matsuda, 1959 

Family BERYTIDAE 

Protacanthus 

decorus Uhler, 1893 

pacificus China, 1930 

Family CIMICIDAE 

131

Cimex 

hemipterus (Fabricius), 1803 [Acanthia] 

rotundatus Signoret, 1852 

Family COLOBATHRISTIDAE 

Phaenacantha 


Family COREIDAE 

Acarihygia 

fijiana Brailovsky, 1993 

Amblypella 

cocophaga China, 1934 

Brachylybas 

delgadoi Brailovsky, 1996 

taveuni Brailovsky, 1996 

vanua Brailovsky, 1996 

variegatus (Le Guillou), 1841 [Gonocerus] 

Leptoglossus 

gonagra (Fabricius), 1775 [Cimex]; australis (Fabricius), 1775 [Cimex] 

Leptocorisa 

varicornis (Fabricius), 1787 [Cimex] 

Mictis 

profana (Fabricius), 1803 [Lygaeus]; crux Dallas, 1852 

Monasavuhygia 

cordata Brailovsky, 1996 

Family CORIXIDAE 

Micronecta 

jennifeae Tinerella, 2006 

Family CRYPTORHAMPHIDAE 

Gonystus 

nasutus Stål, 1874 

Family CYDNIDAE 

Adrisa 

numeensis (Montrouzier), 1858 [Geobia] 

Fromundus 

pygmaeus (Dallas), 1851 [Aethus] 

132

Peltoscytus 

klysi Lis, 1993 

Family CYMIDAE 

Ontiscus 

vitiensis Kirkaldy, 1908 

Family ENICOCEPHALIDAE 

Enicocephalus 

corticola Kirkaldy, 1908 

fungicola Kirkaldy, 1908 

Family GELASTOCORIDAE 

Nerthra 

macrothorax (Montrouzier), 1855 [Galgulus] 

Family GEOCORIDAE 

Germalus 

oceanicus oceanicus Kirkaldy, 1908 

oceanicus interruptus Kirkaldy, 1908 


sp. [Kirkaldy, 1908] 

Family GERRIDAE 

Halobates 

bryani Herring, 1961 

fijiensis Herring, 1958 

Limnogonus 

buxtoni fijiensis Andersen, 1975 

fossarum skusei Torre Bueno, 1926 

Limnometra 

ciliata Mayr, 1865 

faracii Zettel, 2007 

Tenagogonus 

fijiensis Hungerford & Matsuda, 1958 

valentinei Hungerford & Matsuda, 1961 

Family HERMATOBATIDAE 

Hermatobates 

weddi China, 1957 

Family LASIOCHILIDAE 

Lasiochilus 

133

vitiensis Gross, 1954 

Family LYGAEIDAE 

Arocatus 

sp. [from Koronivia Collection] 

Bedunia 

nesiotes Kirkaldy, 1908 

Bryanellocoris 

fijiensis Chen & Ashlock, 1987 

Clerada 

apicornis Signoret in Maillard, 1862 

Cymonius 

sechellensis (Bergroth), 1893 [Ninus]; subsessilis Kirkaldy,1908 

Elasmolomus 

insularis Kirkaldy,1908 

Germalus 

oceanicus oceanicus Kirkaldy, 1908 

oceanicus interruptus Kirkaldy, 1908 



Gonystus 

nasutus Stål, 1874 

Graptostethus 

manillensis (Stål), 1860 [Lygus] 

Horridipamera 

nietneri (Dohrn), 1860 [Plociomerus] 

Insulicola 

oceanicus Kirkaldy, 1908 


Melanerythrus 

biguttatus (Fabricius), 1775 [Cimex] 

mactans (Stål), 1866 [Lygaeus]; melanesicus (Kirkaldy), 1909 

[Stalagnostethus] 

Neocrompus 

fijiensis Ashlock & Scudder, 1966 

134

Nesostethus 

bipartitus Scudder, 1987 

ornatus Kirkaldy, 1908 [Stalagnostethus] 

variegatus Scudder, 1987 

Ninus 

insignis (Stål), 1860; stylatus Kirkaldy, 1908 

Nysius 

pacificus China, 1930 

Ontiscus 


Pachybrachius 

limbatus (Stål), 1876 [Orthoea] 

Paraeucosmetus 

pacificus Malipatil, 1978 

Paromius 

pallidus (Montrouzier), 1865 [Plociomerus] 

Polycligenes 

vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Sinierus] 

Pyrrhobaphus 

leucurus (Fabricius), 1787 [Cimex] 

Reclada 

moesta Buchanan- White, 1878 

Remaudiereana 

andrewsi Distant, 1901 [Pamera] 

nigreps Dallas, 1852 [Rhyparochromus] 

Tomocoroides 

fijianus Woodward, 1963 

Family MIRIDAE 

Adelphocoris 

fijiensis Kerzhner & Schuh, 1995; lateralis Reuter, 1908 

Anthropophagiotes 

thanatopharus Kirkaldy, 1908 

135

Coridromius 

variegatus (Montrouzier), 1861 [Ocypus] 

Creontiades 

pallidifer (Walker), 1873 [Capsus]; stramineus (Walker), 1873 [Capsus] 

Cyrtopeltis 

nicotianus Konigsberger, 1903; nicotianae Kirkaldy, 1908 [Cyrtopeltis] 

Cyrtorhinus 

lividipennis Reuter, 1885; vitiensis Usinger, 1951 

Dicyphus 

minimus Uhler, 1899 

Dolichomiris 

linearis Reuter, 1882; pacifica (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Notostira] 

Euchilofulviella 

ernsti Gorczyca, 1999 

Felisacus 

filicola Kirkaldy, 1908 [Hyaloscytus] 

Fronsonia 

ochracea Herczek, 1993 

Hyalopeplinus 

fijiensis Carvalho & Gross, 1979 

Lygus 

muiri Poppius, 1914 

Megacoelum 

modestum Distant, 1904 

Nesidiocoris 

tenuis Reuter, 1895 [Cyrtopeltis]; crassicornis (Distant), 1904 

[Gallobellicus] 

Nesocrypha 

corticicola Kirkaldy, 1908 

Nesosylphas 


Paratopus 

136

ovatus (Herczek), 1991 [Isometopus] 

Popoviana 

fijiensis (Herczek), 1993 [Popovia] 

Pseudoloxops 

vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Tichorhinus] 

Ragwelellus 

thetis Kirkaldy, 1908 [Eucerocoris] 

Rewafulvia 

bachypterus Carvalho, 1972 

Rubrocuneocoris 

acuminatus Schuh, 1984 

Sejanus 

fijiensis Schuh, 1984 

Sthenaridia 

pacificae (Shuh), 1984 [Paramixia] 

piceonigra (Motschulsky), 1863 [Deraeocoris]; singalensis (Distant), 1904 

[Psallus] 

riveti (Poppius), 1915 [Ceratocapsidea] 

Tinginotum 

knowlesi Kirkaldy, 1908 [Nesodaphne] 

Tytthus 

chinensis Stål, 1860; riveti Cheesman, 1927 [Cyrtorhinus] 

mundulus (Breddin), 1896 [Periscopus] 

Vanniusoides 

asprokara Cassis, Schwartz & Moulds, 2003 

Family NABIDAE 

Arbela 

costalis Stål 1873 

Gorpis 

cribraticollis Stål, 1860 

subtilis Reuter, 1909 

Reduviolus 

capsiformis (Germar), 1837 [Nabis] 

137

Family NAUCORIDAE 

Naucoris 

sp. [D.A. Polhemus, in litt.] 

Family NEPIDAE 

Ranatra 

diminuta Montandon, 1907 

Family NINIDAE 

Cymoninus 

sechellensis (Bergroth), 1893 [Ninus]; subsessilis Kirkaldy, 1908 

Ninus 

insignis Stål, 1860; stylatus Kirkaldy, 1908 

Family NOTONECTIDAE 

Anisops 

fijiensis Brooks, 1951 

nasuta Fieber, 1851; fieberi Kirkaldy, 1901 

Family PENTATOMIDAE 

Alciphron 

glaucus (Fabricius), 1775 [Cimex] 

Andrallus 

spinidens (Fabricius), 1787 [Cimex] 

Bathycoelia 

simmondsi (Izzard), 1932 [Gastraulax] 

Calliphara 

bifasciata (White), 1842 [Callidea] 

Cantheconidea 

cyanacantha (Stål), 1870 [Canthecona] 

Glaucias 

vitiensis China, 1929 

Hyparete 

vitiensis Distant, 1901 

Neoglypsus 

viridicatus Distant, 1881 [Dinorhynchus] 

Pegala 

biguttula Haglund, 1868 

138

laaevis Bergroth, 1894 

Piezodorus 

rubrofasciatus (Fabricius), 1787 [Cimex] 

Platynopus 

melacanthus (Boisduval), 1835 [Pentatoma]; falleni Guérin-Méneville, 

1838 [Pentatoma] 

Stenozygum 

woodwardi Ahmad & Khan, 1983 

Vitellus 


Family PLATASPIDIDAE 

Brachyplatys 

pacifica Dallas, 1851 

Family PYRRHOCORIDAE 

Dysdercus 

cingulatus (Fabricius), 1775 [Cimex] 

impictiventris Stål, 1870; albescens Walker, 1872 


sidae Montrouzier, 1861 

Family REDUVIIDAE 

Calphurniella 

stheno (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Ploiariodes] 

Emesopsis 

medusa (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Ploiariodes] 

Empicoris 

rubromaculatus (Blackburn), 1889 [Ploiariodes]; euryale (Kirkaldy), 1908 

[Ploiariodes] 

Gardena 


Oncocephalus 


Perigrinator 

biannulipes (Montrouzier & Signoret), 1861 [Opiscoetus] 

Ploiaria 

139

circe (Kirkaldy), 1908: 373 [Luteva] 

speluncaria Villiers, 1979 

Polididus 

armatissimus Stål, 1860 

Polytoxus 


Pygolampis 

foeda Stål, 1874 

Stenolemus 

muiri (Kirkaldy), 1909 [Phantasmatophanes] 

Tridemula 

calamine (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Ploiariodes] 

Tunes 

saucicus Stål, 1866 

Family RHOPALIDAE 

Leptocoris 

insularis Kirkaldy, 1908 

rufomarginata (Fabricius), 1794 [Lygaeus] 

Family RHYPAROCHROMIDAE 

Bedunia 

nesiotes Kirkaldy, 1908 

Clerada 

apicicornis Signoret in Maillard, 1862 

Elasmolomus 

v-album (Stål), 1860 [Rhyparochromus]; insularus Kirkaldy, 1908 

Horridipamera 

nietneri (Dohrn), 1860 [Plociomerus] 

Pamerama 

ventralis (China), 1930 [Orthaea] 

Paraeucosmetus 

pacificus Malipatil, 1978 

Paromius 

gracilis Rambur, 1839 [Stenocoris]; pallidus (Montrouzier), 1865 

140

[Plociomerus] 

Pseudopachybrachius 

guttus Dallas, 1852 [Rhyparochromus]; pacifica (Stål), 1874 [Pamera]; 

periplanios (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Orthoea] 

Reclada 

moesta Buchanan-White, 1878 

Remaudiereana 

nigriceps Dallas, 1852 [Rhyparochromus]; andrewsi Distant, 1901 

[Pamera] 

puberula (China), 1930 [Orthaea] 

Family SALDIDAE 

Saldula 

gilloglyi Polhemus & Polhemus, 2006 

inoana Drake, 1961 

Family SCHIZOPTERIDAE 

Ogeria 

sp. [Hill, 2004] 

New Genus 1 

sp. [Hill, 2004] 

New Genus 2 

sp. [Hill, 2004] 

Family SCUTELLARIDAE 

Calliphara 

bifasciata (White), 1842 [Callidea] 

Coleotichus 

artensis (Montrouzier), 1858 [Scutellaria]; nigrovarius Walker, 1867; 

sordidus Walker, 1867 

Solenotichus 


Tectocoris 

diophthalmus (Thunberg), 1783 [Cimex]; lineola Fabricius, 1781 [Cimex] 

Family TINGIDAE 

Aulotingis 

moalae Drake & Poor, 1943 

141

Corythotingis 

zimmermani Drake & Poor, 1943 

Cysteochila 

vitilevuana Drake & Poor, 1943 

Eritingis 

pacifica (Kirkaldy), 1908 [Teleonemia] 

Holophygdon 

melanesica melanesica Kirkaldy, 1908 

melanesica fusca Drake & Poor, 1943 

Idiocystis 

bicolor Drake & Poor, 1943 

dryadis Drake & Poor, 1943 

fijiana Drake & Poor, 1943 

floris Drake & Poor, 1943 

vanuana Guilbert, 2001 

Monanthia 

natalensis (Stål), 1855 [Physatocheila] 

Nesocypselas 

dicysta Kirkaldy, 1908 

evansi evansi Drake, 1953 

evansi aemulus Drake, 1953 

muri Drake & Poor, 1943 

simulis Drake & Poor, 1943 

vicinatis Drake & Poor, 1943 

Nesocysta 

rugata Kirkaldy, 1908 

Phatnoma 


Teleonemia 

scrupulosa Stål, 1873; bifasciata Kirkaldy, 1905; lantanae Distant, 1907 

Family VELIIDAE 

Fijivelia 

kadavu Polhemus & Polhemus, 2006 

kerzhneri Polhemus & Polhemus, 2006 

Halovelia 

fijiensis Andersen, 1989 

142

fosteri Andersen, 1989 

Microvelia 


ORDER HOMOPTERA 

AUCHENORRYNCHA 

Family ACANALONIIDAE 

Lollius 

australicus Stål, 1870; furcifer Stål [Kirkaldy in Kirkaldy & Muir, 1913] 

pyrrhoceras Fennah, 1950 

Family ACHILIDAE 

Callichlamys 

muiri Kirkaldy, 1907 

undulata Kirkaldy, 1907 

Callinesia 

ornata Kirkaldy, 1907 

pulchra Kirkaldy, 1907 

pusilla Kirkaldy, 1907 

venusta Kirkaldy, 1907 

Eurynomus 

argo Fennah, 1950 

Nephelia 

bicuneata (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Phenelia] 

tristis (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Phenelia] 

Family APHROPHORIDAE 

Nesaphrestes 

bicolor Hamilton, 1981 

brevior Hamilton, 1981 

clavocularis Hamilton, 1981 

costans Hamilton, 1981 

crepidulans Hamilton, 1981 

dreptias Kirkaldy, 1907 

fortior Hamilton, 1981 

longiceps Hamilton, 1981 

pallidior Hamilton, 1981 

ptysmatophilus Kirkaldy, 1907 

soporifer Hamilton, 1981 

tenuis Hamilton, 1981 

143

Family CERCOPIDAE 

Belletochlamys 

sp [from BPBM coll] 

Byrebistus 

sp [from BPBM coll] 

Nesaphrogenia 


Family CICADELLIDAE 

Balclutha 

incisa (Matsumura), 1902 [Gnathodus] 

lucida (Butler), 1877 [Jassus]; filum Linnavuori, 1960 

rosea (Scott), 1876 [Gnathodus]; hebe (Kirkaldy), 1906 [Nesosteles] 

rubrostriata (Melichar), 1903 [Gnathothus]; sanguinescens (Kirkaldy), 

1906 [Nesosteles]; rufofasciata Merino, 1936 

viridinervis Matsumura, 1914; flexuosa Linnavuori, 1960; viridus 

(Metcalf), 1946 [Cicadula] 

Batracomorphus 

angustatus (Osborn), 1934 [Bythoscopus] 

hamadryas (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Eurinoscopus] 

Cicadulina 

fijiensis Linnavuori, 1960 

Cofana 

spectra (Distant), 1908 [Cicadella] 

Deltocephalus 

coronifer (Marshall), 1866 [Iassus] 

histrionicus Kirkaldy, 1907 

hospes (Kirkaldy), 1904 [Deltocephalus]; affinis (Osborn), 1934 [Stirellus] 

pacificus (Osborn), 1934 [Stirellus] 

samuelsoni Knight, 1976 

Edwardsiana 

flavescens (Fabricius), 1794 [Cicada] 

Empoasca 

chloe Linnavuori, 1960 

euryphaessa (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Cicadula] 

euryphaessa rubricincta Linnavuori, 1960 

hyadas (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Cicadula] 

quadripunctata Evans 1942 

tavuaensis Linnavuori, 1960 

144

vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1906 [Cicadula] 

vitiensis vinicolor Linnavuori 1960 

Erythroneura 

ariadne Linnavuori 1960 

doris Kirkaldy 1907 

lalage Kirkaldy 1907 

leucothoe Kirkaldy 1907 

leveri Evans 1948 

leveri kraussi Linnavuori 1960 

nayavua Linnavuori 1960 

nayavua var. rewanoides Linnavuori 1960 

rewana Kirkaldy, 1907 

Exitianus 

capicola (Stål), 1855 [Athysanus] 

plebeius (Kirkaldy) 1906 [Nephotettix] 

Hishimonus 

passiflorae (Evans), 1941 [Eutettix] 

Hybrasil 

brani Kirkaldy 1907 

Lamia 

cydippe Linnavuori 1960 

Litura 

discigutta (Walker), 1857 [Acocephalus] 

Navaia 

deiphobe Linnavuori, 1960 

filicicola Kirkaldy, 1907 

hesperidum Linnavuori, 1960 

nereis Linnavuori, 1960 

Oriosius 

argentatus (Evans), 1938; cantonis (Oman), 1943 

lotophagorum (Kirkaldy), 1907; argentatus var. distans Linnavuori 1960 

Parohinka 

lotophagorum (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Dryadomorpha ] 

Pedioscopus 

quadrimaculatus Linnavuori, 1960 

tutuilanus (Osborn), 1934 

145

Peragallia 

launensis Linnavuori, 1960 

Satsumanus 

multispinosus Linnavuori, 1960 

rubrinervis Linnavuori, 1960 

Tharra 

hades Linnavuori, 1960 

kalypso Kirkaldy, 1907; atriceps lauensis Linnavuori, 1960 

kassiphone Kirkaldy, 1907 

kirkaldyi (Linnavuori), 1960 [Muirella] 

lenta Nielson, 1975 

nausikaa Kirkaldy, 1907; nausikaa pallidor Kirkaldy, 1907 

nausikoides Linnavuori, 1960 

ogygia Kirkaldy, 1907; atriceps Linnavuori. 1960 

oxyomma (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Muirella] 

transversa Nielson, 1975 

vitiensis Nielson, 1975 

Thagria 

fijiana (Osborn), 1934 [Jassus] 

Vulturnus 

dido Linnavuori 1960 

Wakaya 

obtusiceps Linnavuori 1960 

Wiloatma 

tutuilanus (Osborn), 1934 [Idiocerus] 

Xestocephalus 

contortuplicatus Kirkaldy, 1907 

pallidiceps Kirkaldy, 1907 

pallidiceps var decemnotatus Kirkaldy, 1907 

purpurascens Kirkaldy 1907 

purpurascens mendax Linnavuori, 1960 

purpurascens taeniatus Linnavuori, 1960 

tutuilanus Osborn, 1934 


vitiensis var. mancus Linnavuori, 1960 

vitiensis var. triceros Linnavuori, 1960 

Family CICADIDAE 

Aceropyga 

acuta Duffels, 1988 

146

corynetus corynetus Duffels, 1977 

corynetus monacantha Duffels, 1988 

corynetus ungulata Duffels, 1988 

distans distans (Walker), 1858 [Dundubia] 

distans lineifera (Walker), 1858 [Dundubia] 

distans taveuniensis Duffels, 1977 

egmondae Duffels, 1988 

huireka Duffels, 1988 

macracantha Duffels, 1988 

philoritis Duffels, 1988 

pterophon Duffels, 1988 

stuarti pallens Duffels, 1977 

stuarti stuarti (Distant), 1882 [Cosmopsaltria] 

Baetura 

rotumae Duffels, 1988 

Cyclochila 

australasiae (Donovan), 1805 [Tettigonia] 

Fijipsalta 

tympanistria (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Cicadetta] 

Macrotristria 

angularis (Germar), 1834 [Cicada] 

Raiateana 

knowlesi (Distant), 1907 [Cicada] 

kuruduadua bifasciata Duffels, 1988 

kuruduadua kuruduadua (Distant), 1881 [Cicada] 

Sawda 

vitiensis Distant, 1906 

Family CIXIIDAE 

Andes 

vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Leirioessa] 

Dysthaetias 

aeneas Fennah, 1950 

beecheyi Kirkaldy, 1907 

cleon Fennah, 1950 

clymene Fennah, 1950 

ensicauda Fennah, 1950 

fuscata Kirkaldy, 1907 

lacon Fennah, 1950 

nigricosta Fennah, 1950 

147

smaragdus Fennah, 1950 

vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Quirosia] 

Epaustraloma 

simois Fennah, 1950 

Myndus 

antenor Fennah, 1950 

personatus Fennah, 1950 

pica Fennah, 1950 

ulysses Fennah, 1950 


xanthus Fennah, 1950 

Nesochlamys 

kalypso (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Nesocharis]; vitiensis Kirkaldy 1907 

[Nesochlylamis] 

kalypso insulicola Fennah 1950 

Oliarus 

felis Kirkaldy, 1907 

laertes Kirkaldy, 1906 

lubra vitiensis Kirkaldy, 1907 

tasmani Kirkaldy, 1907 

saccharicola Kirkaldy, 1907 

Urvillea 

melanesica Kirkaldy, 1907 

Family DELPHACIDAE 

Cemus 

kirkaldyi (Metcalf), 1943 [Phyllodinus]; koebelei Kirkaldy, 1906 

[Dicranotropis] 

sauteri (Muir), 1917 [Phyllodinus] 

Coronacella 

sinhalana (Kirkaldy), 1906 [Delphacodes]; puella Kirakldy 1907 [Delphax] 

Delphacodes 


Dicranotropis 

ucalegon Fennah 1950 

Horcoma 

lacteipennis (Muir), 1917 [Delphacodes] 

148

Latistria 

eupompe (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Delphax]; ochrias Kirkaldy, 1907 [Delphax] 

Liburnia 

furcifera (Horvath), 1899 [Delphax] 

Melanesia 

pacifica Kirkaldy, 1907; pacifica strigata Kirkaldy, 1907 

Nilaparvata 

lugens Stål, 1854; anderida Kirkaldy, 1907 [Dicramotropis] 

Nycheuma 

cognata (Muir), 1917 [Dicranotropis] 

Opiconsiva 

dilpa (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Delphax] 

paludum Kirkaldy, 1910 [Kelisia] 

Peregrinus 

maidis (Ashmead), 1890 [Delphax] 

Perkinsiella 


saccharicida Kirkaldy, 1903 

Phacalastor 

pseudomaidis Kirkaldy, 1906 [Phacalastor] 

Sardia 

pluto (Kirkaldy), 1906 [Hadeodelphax] 

rostrata Melichar, 1903 

Sogatella 

furcifera (Horváth), 1899 [Delphax] 

kolophon (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Delphax] 

Stenocranus 


Syndelphax 

disonymos (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Delphax]; matanitu Kirkaldy, 1907 

Tarophagus 

proserpina (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Megamelus] 

Toya 

149

dryope (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Delphax] 

lazulis (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Delphax] 

Ugyopana 

cassia Fennah, 1950 

Ugyops 

astrolabei Fennah, 1950 

bianor Fennah, 1950 

demeter Fennah, 1950 

demeter angusticauda Fennah, 1950 

demeter laticauda Fennah, 1950 

laui Fennah, 1950 

necopinus Fennah, 1950 


zimmermanni Fennah, 1950 

Family DERBIDAE 

Anomaloderbe 

pembertoni Muir, 1922 

Flaccia 

bicornis Fennah, 1950 

imthurni Kirkaldy, 1907 

oediceras Fennah, 1950 

pyrrhoneura Fennah, 1950 

tumidifrons Fennah, 1950 

Harpanor 

fuligo Fennah, 1950 

Kamendaka 

nigrospersa Fennah, 1950 

rubrinervis Fennah, 1950 

Lamenia 

caliginea (Stål), 1854 

Levu 

halosydne (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Rhotana] 


Muiria 

stridula Kirkaldy, 1907 

Nesocore 

candida Fennah, 1950 

150

clitoria Fennah, 1950 

coccinea Muir in Kirkaldy & Muir, 1913 

crocea Muir in Kirkaldy & Muir, 1913 

elutriata Fennah, 1950 

fidicina Kirkaldy, 1907 

nivea Fennah, 1950 

purpurigena Fennah, 1950 

pygmaea Fennah, 1950 

subfulva Fennah, 1950 

Nesoniphas 

insignissima Kirkaldy, 1907 

Nesophantasma 

vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1906 [Phantasmatocera] 

Niphaphodite 

insulicola Kirkaldy, 1907 

Paralyricen 

astyanax Fennah, 1950 

jepsoni Muir in Kirkaldy & Muir, 1913 

knowlesi Muir in Kirkaldy & Muir, 1913 

similis Fennah, 1950: 58 

sphaeoromma Fennah, 1950 

vespillo Fennah, 1950 

Phaciocephalus 

marpsias Fennah, 1950 

miltodias Kirkaldy, 1907 

minyrias Kirkaldy, 1907 

nesodreptias Kirkaldy, 1907 

nesogonias Kirkaldy, 1907 

pullatus Kirkaldy, 1907 

troas Fennah, 1950 


Pyrrhoneura 

charonea Fennah, 1950 

citharista Kirkaldy, 1907 

rubida Muir in Kirkaldy & Muir, 1913 

poecila Fennah, 1950 

saccharicida Kirkaldy, 1906 


Sikaiana 

flammeivittata Fennah, 1950 

151

nesiope Kirkaldy, 1907 

Swezeyia 

lyricen Kirkaldy, 1906; vitensis Kirkaldy, 1906 [Phantasmatocera] 

Family FLATIDAE 

Euphanta 

acuminata Melichar, 1902 

Family ISSIDAE 

Sarima 

erythrocyclos Fennah, 1950 

Family MEENOPLIDAE 

Nisia 

nervosa (Motschulsky) 1863; atroversa Lethierry, 1888 

grandiceps Kirkaldy 1906; atrovenosa levuana Fennah 1950 

Suva 

cretacea Fennah, 1950 

fuscomarginata Fennah, 1950 

koebelei Kirkaldy, 1906 

Family NOGODINIDAE 

Capelopterum 

betulus Fennah, 1950 

dolabra Fennah, 1950 

lyco Fennah, 1950 

phormio Fennah, 1950 

ranula Fennah, 1950 

tanaquil Fennah, 1950 

vacuna Fennah, 1950 

zetes Fennah, 1950 

Lollius 

australicus Stål, 1870; furcifer Stål [Kirkaldy in Kirkaldy & Muir, 1913] 

pyrrhoceras Fennah, 1950 

Tylana 

carcinias Fennah, 1950 

intrusa Melichar, 1906 

orientalis Melichar, 1906 

piceus Walker, 1870 

Family RICANIIDAE 

Euricania 

camilla Fennah, 1950 

152

camilla kanduvuana Fennah, 1950 

cliduchus Fennah, 1950 

cyane Fennah, 1950 

dinon Fennah, 1950 

furina Fennah, 1950 

laetoria Fennah, 1950 

licinia Fennah, 1950 

moneta Fennah, 1950 

opora Fennah, 1950 

procilla Fennah, 1950 

progne Fennah, 1950 

sirenia Fennah, 1950 

sterope Fennah, 1950 

tristicula (Stål), 1865; aperiens (Walker), 1858 [Flatoides] 

tristicula var lapidaria Melichar, 1898 

Plestia 

andromeda Fennah, 1950 

antigone Fennah, 1950 

arethusa Fennah, 1950 

artemis Fennah, 1950 

calypso Fennah, 1950 

cassandra Fennah, 1950 

cassiopeia Fennah, 1950 

circe Fennah, 1950 

danae Fennah, 1950 

deiana Fennah, 1950 

eurydice Fennah, 1950 

galatea Fennah, 1950 

galatea levuana Fennah, 1950 

io Fennah, 1950 

iphigeneia Fennah, 1950 

marginata (Montrouzier), 1861 [Ricania] [Kirkaldy, 1908] 

medusa Fennah, 1950 

naias Fennah, 1950 

nereis Fennah, 1950 

niobe Fennah, 1950 

scylla Fennah, 1950 

thetis Fennah, 1950 

Scolypopa 

australis (Walker), 1851 [Pochazia] 

Family TROPIDUCHIDAE 

Macrovanua 

demissa (Fennah), 1949 [Vanua] 

153

Rhinodictya 

belone Fennah, 1950 

cuneolus Fennah, 1950 

granulata Muir, 1931 

paeminosa Fennah, 1950; belone Fennah, 1950 

Vanua 

deidamia Fennah, 1950 

deiopeia Fennah, 1950 

paphia bicuspidata Fennah, 1950 

paphia paphia Fennah, 1950 

pleone Fennah, 1950 

respicienda flagellata Fennah, 1950 

respicienda hastata Fennah, 1950 

respicienda serrata Fennah 1950 

respicienda vitiensis Kirkaldy, 1906 

sambucina Fennah, 1950 

sygete Fennah, 1950 

UNCONFIRMED AUCHENORHYNCHA RECORDS 


Jacobiella 

facialis (Jacobi in Aulmann), 1912 [Chlorita] 


Edwardsiana 

flavescens (Fabricius), 1794 [Cicada] 

STERNORRHYNCHA 

Family ALEYRODIDAE 

Aleurocanthus 

calophylli (Kotinsky), 1907 [Aleyrodes] 

Aleurodicus 

dispersus Russell, 1965 

holmesii (Maskell), 1896 [Aleurodes] 

Aleurotrachelus 

trachoides (Back), 1912 [Aleryodes] 

Bemisia 

leakii (Peal), 1903 [Aleurodes] 

inconspicua (Quaintance), 1990 [Aleurodes] 

tabaci (Gennadius), 1889 [Aleurodes]; inconspicua (Quaintance), 1900 

[Aleurodes] 

154

Dialeurodes 

greenwoodi Corbett, 1936 

Dialeuropora 

sp. [DeBarro et al., 1998 - CSIRO database] 

Neomaskellia 

bergii (Signoret) 1868 [Aleurodes]; sacchari (Maskell), 1890 [Aleurodes] 

comata (Maskell), 1895 [Aleurodes] 

Orchamoplatus 

mammaeferus (Quaintance & Baker), 1917 [Aleuroplatus] 

Rhachisphora 

fijiensis (Kotinsky), 1907 [Aleyrodes] 

Trialeurodes 

vaporariorum (Westwood), 1856 [Aleyrodes] 

Family APHIDIDAE 

Aphis 

craccivora Koch, 1854 

gossypii Glover, 1877 

nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841 

spiraecola Patch, 1914 

Ceratovacuna 

lanigera Zehntner, 1897 

Hysteroneura 

setariae (Thomas), 1878 [Siphonophora] 

Lipaphis 

erysimi (Kaltenbach), 1843 [Aphis] 

pseudobrassicae (Davis), 1914 [Aphis] 

Myzus 

persicae (Sulzer), 1776 [Aphis] 

Pentalonia 

nigronervosa Coquerel, 1859 

Rhopalosiphum 

maidis (Fitch), 1856 [Aphis] 

nymphaeae (Linnaeus), 1761 [Aphis] 

rufiabdominalis (Sasaki), 1899 [Toxoptera] 

155

Sitobion 

miscanthi (Takahashi), 1921 [Macrosiphum] 

Toxoptera 

aurantii (Maskell), 1879 [Aspidiotus] 

citricida (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Aphis] 

Family ASTEROLECANIIDAE 

Asterolecanium 

epidendri (Bouché), 1844 [Lecanium] 

pustulans (Cockerell), 1892 [Asterodiaspis] 

Bambusaspis 

robusta (Green), 1908 [Asterolecanum] 

Family CARSIDARIDAE 

Mesohomotoma 

camphorae Kuwayama, 1908 

hibisci (Froggatt), 1901 [Tyora] 

Family CEROCOCCIDAE 

Cerococcus 

bryoides (Maskell), 1894 [Planchonia] 

indicus (Maskell), 1897 [Eriococcus] 

Family COCCIDAE 

Ceroplastes 

ceriferus (Fabricius), 1798 [Coccus] 

rubens Maskell, 1893 

Coccus 

hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758 

longulus (Douglas), 1887 [Lecanium] 

viridis (Green), 1889 [Lecanium] 

Eucalymnatus 

tessellatus (Signoret), 1873 [Lecanium] 

Milviscutulus 

mangiferae (Green), 1889 [Lecanium] 

Parasaissetia 

nigra (Nietner), 1861 [Lecanium] 

Parthenolecanium 

persicae (Fabricius), 1777 [Chermes]; elongatum Signoret, 12873 

[Lecanium] [Greenwood, 1929] 

156

Pulvinaria 

psidii Maskell, 1893 

urbicola Cockerell, 1893 

Saisettia 

coffeae (Walker), 1852 [Lecanium]; hemisphaerica (Targioni Tozzetti), 

1867 [Lecanium] 

miranda (Cockerell & Parrot in Cockerell), 1899 [Lecanium oleae ssp.] 

neglecta De Lotto 1969 

Vinsonia 

stellifera (Westwood), 1871 [Coccus] 

Family CONCHASPIDIDAE 

Conchaspis 

angraeci Cockerell, 1893 

Family DIASPIDIDAE 

Abgrallaspis 

cyanopylli (Signoret), 1869 [Aspidiotus] 

Andaspis 

numerata Brimblecombe, 1959 

Aondiella 

aurantii (Maskell), 1879 [Aspidiotus] 

eremocitri McKenzie, 1937 

inornata McKenzie, 1938 

Aspidiella 

hartii (Cockerell), 1895 [Aspidiotus] 

sacchari (Cockerell), 1893 [Aspidiotus] 

Aspidiotus 

destructor Signoret, 1869; coctis Newstead, 1893; transparens Green, 

1899 [as destructor var.]; simmondsi Green & Laing [nomen nudum in all 

published litrature] 

Aulacaspis 

rosarum Borschenius, 1958; rosae Bouché [misidentification] 

Chionaspis 

freycinetiae Williams & Watson, 1988 

minor Maskell, 1885 

pandanicola Williams & Watson, 1988 

rhaphidophorae Williams & Watson, 1988 

157

Chrysolamphalus 

aonidum (Linnaeus), 1758 [Coccus] 

dictyospermi (Morgan), 1889 [Aspidiotus] 

ficus Ashmead, 1880 

Clavaspis 

herculeana (Cockerell & Hadden in Doane & Hadden), 1909 [Aspidiotus] 

Diaspis 

boisduvalii Signoret, 1869 

bromeliae (Kerner), 1778 [Coccus] 

Duplaspidiotus 

claviger (Cockerell), 1901 [Pseudaonidia] 

Fijifiorinia 

astronidii Williams & Watson, 1988 

oconnori Williams & Watson, 1988 

Fiorinia 

fijiensis Williams & Watson, 1988 

proboscidaria Green, 1900 

Froggattiella 

penicillata (Green), 1905 [Odonaspis] 

Furcaspis 

biformis (Cockerell), 1893 [Aspidiotus] 

Hemiberlesia 

lataniae (Signoret), 1869 [Aspidiotus] 

palmae (Cockerell), 1893 [Aspidiotus] 

Howardia 

biclavis (Comstock), 1883 [Chionaspis] 

Ischnaspis 

longirostris (Signoret), 1882 [Mytilaspis] 

Lepidosaphes 

beckii (Newman), 1869 [Coccus] 

cockerelli (de Grandpré & Charmoy), 1899 [Fiorinia] 

geniostomae Williams & Watson, 1988 

gloverii (Packard), 1869 [Aspidiotus] 

rubrovittata Cockerell, 1905 

stepta Williams & Watson, 1988 

158

tokionus (Kuwana), 1902: 81 [Mytilaspis] 

Morganella 

longispina (Morgan), 1889 [Aspidiotus] 

Oceanaspidiotus 

pangoensis (Doane & Ferris), 1916 [Aspidiotus] 

Odonaspis 

morrisoni Beardsley, 1966 

saccharicaulis (Zehntner), 1897 [Aspidiotus] 

Parlatoria 

crotonis Douglas, 1887 

proteus (Curtis), 1843 [Aspidiotus] 

Pinnaspis 

aspidistrae (Signoret), 1869 [Chionaspis] 

buxi (Bouché), 1851 [Aspidiotus] 

strachani (Cooley), 1899 [Hemichionaspis] 

Pseudaulacaspis 

cockerelli (Cooley), 1897 [Chionaspis] 

colisuvae Williams & Watson, 1988 

dubia (Maskell), 1882 [Chionaspis] 

leveri Williams & Watson, 1988 

pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti), 1886 [Diaspis]; vitiensis (Maskell), 1895 

[Aspidiotus] 

samoana (Doane & Ferris), 1916: 399 [Chionaspis] 

Selenaspidus 

articulatus (Morgan), 1889: 352 [Aspidiotus] 

Unaspis 

citri (Comstock), 1881 [Chionaspis]; veitchi (Green & Laing), 1923 

[Dinaspis] 

yannonensis (Kuwana), 1923 [Prontaspis] 

Family ERIOCOCCIDAE 

Eriococcus 

araucariae araucariae Maskell, 1879 

Family MARGARODIDAE 

Crypticerya 

rosae (Riley & Howard), 1890 

33 [Icerya] 

159

Drosicha 

littorea Beardsley, 1966 

Icerya 

aegyptiaca (Douglas), 1890 [Crossotosoma] 

purchasi Maskell, 1879 

seychellarum (Westwood), 1855 [Dorthesia] 

Family ORTHEZIDAE 

Newsteadia 

zimmermani Morrison, 1952 

Family PSEUDOCOCCIDAE 

Antonina 

graminis (Maskell), 1897 [Sphaerococcus] 

Dysmicoccus 

boninsis (Kuwana), 1909 [Dactylopius]; boninensis Lindinger, 1914 

[Pseudococcus]; calceolariae (Maskell), 1890 

brevipes (Cockerell), 1893 [Dactylopius] 

cocotis (Maskell), 1890 [Dactylopius]; neobrevipes Beardsley, 1959 

nesophilus Williams & Watson, 1988 

Ferrisia 

virgata (Cockerell), 1893 [Dactylopius] 

Fijicoccus 

casuarinae Williams & Watson, 2002 

Geococcus 

coffeae Green, 1933 

Laminococcus 

pandani (Cockerell), 1895 [Dactylopius] 

vitiensis (Green & Laing), 1924 [Pseudococcus] 

Leptococcus 

grallator Williams & Watson, 1988 

Neosimmondsia 

hydnophytum Hardy, 2007 

Palmicultor 

browni (Williams), 1960 [Palmicola] 

guamensis Beardsley, 1966 

160

Paracoccus 

dendricola Williams & Watson, 1988 

ilu (Williams), 1970 [Chorizococcus] 

trichospermi Williams & Watson, 1988 

Paraputo 

leveri (Green), 1934 [Pseudococcus] 

Planococcus 

pacificus Cox 1981 

citri (Risso), 1813 [Dorthesia] [misidentification] 

Pseudococcus 

longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), 1867 [Dactylopius] 

orchidicola Takahashi, 1939 

Saccharicoccus 

sacchari (Cockerell), 1895 [Dactylopius] 

Family PSYLLIDAE 

Arytaina 

quadrioculata Laing, 1922 

Epipsylla 

bilineata Laing, 1922 

Euphalerus 

maculosus Crawford, 1919 

Heteropsylla 

cubana Crawford, 1914 

Leptynoptera 

sulphurea Crawford, 1919; didactyla Laing, 1922 

Megatrioza 

bryani Crawford, 1928 

concave Tuthill, 1943 

swezeyi Crawford, 1927 

vitiensis (Kirkaldy), 1907 [Trioza] 

vittata Tuthill, 1943 

Meuronota 

ampla Tuthill, 1943 

magna (Tuthill), 1943 [Leuronota] 

Nesiope 

161

ornata Kirkaldy, 1908 

Papiana 

distincta Tuthill, 1943: 228 

Paurocephala 

calcarata Mifsud & Burkhardt, 2002 

longicella Tuthill, 1943 

Pauropsylla 

triozoptera Crawford, 1913 

Trioza 

fulva Tuthill, 1943 

triceps Tuthill, 1943 

vanuae Kirkaldy, 1907 

UNCONFIRMED STERNORHYNCHA RECORDS 

Family APHIDIDAE 

Oregma 

iceryae Laing [from Greenwood, 1940] 

Family DIASPIDIDAE 

Genaparlatoria 

pseudaspidiotus Lindinger, 1905 [Parlatoria] 

Parlatoria 

cinerea Hadden in Doane & Hadden, 1909 

Odonaspis 

greeni Cockerell, 1902 

Poliaspis 

media Maskell, 1880 

Pseudaonidia 

trilobitiformis (Green), 1896 [Aspidiotus] 

ORDER HYMENOPTERA 

Family AGAONIDAE 

Ceratosolen 

bianchii Wiebes, 1963 

marshalli Grandi, 1931 

Kradibia 

browni Ashmead, 1904 

162

Pleistodontes 

greenwoodi (Grandi), 1928 [Blastophagus] 

Sycoscapter 

philippinensis Ashmead, 1904 [Sycoryctes] 

Family APHELINIDAE 

Aphytis 

chrysomphali (Mercet), 1912 [Aphelinus] 

lepidosaphes Compere, 1955 

linganensis Compere, 1955 

Coccobius 

fijiensis (Howard), 1914 [Physcus] 

intermedius (Gahan), 1927 [as Physcus varicornis var.] 

Coccophagus 

ceroplastae (Howard), 1895 [Aneristus]; fumosipennis Girault, 1915 

[Aneristus] 

Encarsia 

citrina (Craw), 1891 [Aspidiotiphagus] 

dispersa Polaszek, 2004 

formosa Gahan, 1924 

guadeloupae Viggiani, 1988 

protransvena Viggiani, 1985 

Pteroptrix 

parvipennis (Gahan), 1927 [Casca] 

Family APIDAE 

Amegilla 

sp. [F. Parker, in litt.] 

Apis 

mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 

Braunaspis 


Ceratina 


Family BETHYLIDAE 

Epyris 

sp. [Fullaway, 1957] 

163

Megaprosternum 

longiceps Azevedo, 2006 

Sclerodermus 


Sierola 

vitiensis Fullaway, 1920 

Family BRACONIDAE 

Apanteles 

aganoxenae Fullaway, 1941 

artonae Rohwer, 1926 

carpatus (Say), 1836 [Microgaster] 

expulsus Turner, 1919 

glomeratus (Linnaeus), 1758 

heterusiae Wilkinson, 1928 

hyblaeae Wilkinson, 1928 

hymeniae Wilkinson, 1935 

phytometrae Wilkinson, 1928 

platyedrae Wilkinson, 1928 

ruficrus Haliday, 1834 

samoanus Fullaway, 1940 

stantoni Ashmead, 1904 

taylori Wilkinson, 1928 

tirathabae Wilkinson, 1928 

Aulacocentrum 

pedicellatum Brues, 1922 

Aivalycus 

levis Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004 

Austroopius 

fijiensis Fullaway, 1936 [Opius] 

Austrozele 

longipes (Holmgren), 1869 [Perlitus]; oceanica Brues, 1922 [Palinzele] 

Bassus 

hawaiicola Ashmead, 1905 [Microdus] 

Bracon 

omiodivorum (Terry), 1907 [Microbracon] 

Chelonus 

164

lackburni Cameron, 1881 

rugulosus Lyle, 1923 

vitiensis Turner, 1918 

Cotesia 

marginiventris (Cresson), 1865 [Microgaster] 

plutellae (Kurdjumov), 1962 [Apanteles] 

ruficrus Mason, 1981 

Cryptoxilos 

beaveri Shaw & Berry, 2005 

Diachasmimorpha 

hageni (Fullaway), 1952 [Opius] 

longicaudatus (Ashmead), 1905 [Opius] 

tryoni (Cameron), 1911 [Ophius] 

Dinocampus 

coccinellae (Schrank), 1802 [Ichneumon] 

terminatus (Nees von Esenbeck), 1811 [Bracon] 

Diospilus 


Disophrys 

elegans Szepligeti, 1900 

Euurobracon 

nitidulus (Brues), 1922 [Exobracon] 

Fijibracon 

insularis Belokobylskij, 1995 

Fijispathus 

spinator Belokobylskij, Iqbal & Austin, 2004 

Ischiogonus 

fijiensis Fullaway, 1919 

Macrocentrus 

calacte Nixon, 1938 

Meteorus 

trichogrammae Wilkinson, 1930 

Phaenocarpa 

leveri Nixon, 1939 

165

Psyttalia 

humilis (Silvestri), 1914 [Opius] 

Sathon 

belippae (Rohwer), 1918 [Apanteles] 

Schizoprymus 

bicticus Papp, 1993 

fijicus Papp, 1993 

orangus Papp, 1993 

Sigalphus 


Sisupala 

splendida Nixon, 1943 

Spathius 

anervis Belokobylskij, 1995 

Xenarcha 


Xentor 

convexifrons Masner & Johnson, 2007 

filicornis Masner & Johnson, 2007 

schlingeri Masner & Johnson, 2007 

Yelicones 

fijiensis Quicke, Austin & Chisti, 1995 

Family CERAPHRONIDAE 

Aphanogmus 

(Ceraphron) 

fijiensis (Ferrière), 1933 [Ceraphron]; sp. [Fullaway, 1957] 

Family CHALCIDAE 

Antrocephalus 

hakonensis (Ashmead), 1904 [Stomatoceras]; renalis Waterston, 1922 

Brachymeria 

fijiensis Ferrière, 1929 

lasus (Walker), 1841 [Chalcis]; obscurata (Walker), 1874 [Chalcis] 

samoana (Fullaway), 1940 [Chalcis] 

Chirocera 

166


Dirhinus 

giffardi Silvestri, 1913 [1914] 

Proconura 

seminigripes (Girault), 1926 [Xenarretocera] 

Family CHRYSIDIDAE 

Amaseginae 

Gen undet. 

n. sp. [L. Masner, in litt.] 

Family COLLETIDAE 

Hylaeus 

fijiensis (Cockerell), 1909 [Prosopis] 

Family CRABRONIDAE 

Arpactophilus 


Bembicinus 

inermis (Handlirsch), 1892 [Stizus]; pacificus Turner, 1917 


Liris 

festinans festinans (Smith), 1858; retiaria (Turner), 1908 [Notogonidea] 

festinans manilae (Ashmead), 1905 [Motes] 

liriformis (Williams), 1947 [Notogonidea] 

subtessellatus (Smith), 1856 [Larrada] 

Neodasyproctus 

veitchi (Turner), 1917 [Crabro] 

Pison 

argentatum Shuckard, 1838 [F. Parker, in litt.] 

hospes Smith, 1879 

ignavum Turner, 1908 

iridipenne Smith, 1879 

tahitense Saussure, 1867; rechingeri Kohl, 1908 

Podagratoides 

oceanicus (Schulz), 1906 [Crabro] 

Sceliphron 

assimilis (Dahlbom), 1843 [Pelopoeus] 

caementarium (Drury), 1770 [Sphex] 

167

Tachysphex 

vitiensis Williams, 1928 


Tachytes 


Family DIAPRIIDAE 

Calogalesus 

parvulus Kieffer, 1912 

Hoplopria 


Odontopria 


Family DRYINIDAE 

Acrodontochelys 

vitiensis (Perkins), 1906 [Neogonatopus] 

Anteon 

fijianum Olmi, 1984 

vitiense Olmi, 1998 

Dicondylus 

dubius Olmi, 1984 

yasamatsui Olmi, 1984 

Haplogonatopus 

vitiensis Perkins, 1906 

Plectrogonatopoides 

fijianus Olmi, 1991 

Pseudogonatopus 

kiefferi Perkins, 1906 

melanacrias Perkins, 1906 

nigricans (Perkins), 1905 [Paragonatopus] 

Tetradontochelys 

anomalus (Perkins), 1912 [Gonatopus] 

Family ENCYRTIDAE 

Adelencuyrtus 

moderatus (Howard), 1897 [Encyrtus] 

168

Aenasius 

advena Compere, 1937 

Anagyrus 

dactylopii (Howard), 1898 [Aphycus] 

saccharicola Timberlake, 1932 

Cheilonurus 

australiae (Perkins), 1906 [Saronotum] 

exitiosus (Perkins), 1906 [Echthrogonatopus] 

Coccidoxenoides 

perminutus Girault, 1915; peregrina Timberlake, (1919) [Pauridia] 

Comperiella 

bifasciata Howard, 1906 

unifiasciata Ishii, 1925 

Copidosomopsis 

nacoleiae (Eady), 1960 [Pseudolitomastix] 

Cyrtocoryphes 

viridiceps Timberlake, 1926 

Encyrtus 

barbatus Timberlake, 1919 

infelix (Embleton), 1902 [Comys] 

Microterys 

nietneri (Motschulsky), 1859 [Encyrtus] 

flavus (Howard), 1881 [Encyrtus] 

Ooencyrtus 

pacificus Waterston, 1915 

Ovaloencyrtus 

fijiensis Noyes & Hayat, 1984 

Spaniopterus 

crucifer Gahan, 1927 

Family EUCHARITIDAE 

Chalcura 

samoana Fullaway, 1940 

Psilocharis 

169

pacifica Heraty, 1994 

Schizaspidia 

samoana (Fullaway), 1940 [Stilbulaspis] 

sp. 1 [G. Gibson, in litt.] 

Trybliographa 


Family EULOPHIDAE 

Aceratoneuromyia 

indica (Silvestri), 1910 [Syntomosphyrum] 

Aprostocetus 

beatus (Perkins), 1906 [Ootetrastichus] 

hagenowii (Ratzeburg), 1852 [Entedon] 

Elachertus 

agonoxenae Kerrich, 1961 

Elasmus 

hispidarum Ferrière, 1933 


Eulophus 


Euplecthrus 

plathypenae Howard, 1885 

Hemiptarsenus 

varicornis Girault, 1913 [Eriglyptoideus] 

Oomyzus 

sokolowskii (Kurdjumov), 1912 [Tetrastichus] 

Pediobius 

parvulus Ferrière, 1933 [Pleurotropis] 

Stenopetius 

rugosus Boucek, 1988 

Tetrastichus 

brontispae (Ferrière), 1933 [Tetrastichodes] 

giffardianus Silvestri, 1914 

taylori Ferrière, 1933 

170

Thripastichus 

thripophonus Waterston, 1923 [Tetrastichus]; gentilei (Del Guercio), 1931 

[Tetrastichus] 

Family EUPELMIDAE 

Anastatus 

picticornis (Cameron) [G. Gibson, in litt.] 



Australoodera 



Brasema 



Calosota 




Eupelmus (Eupelmus) 










Eupelmus (Macroneura) 



Eusandalum 




Paranastatus 

nigriscutellatus Eady, 1956 

verticalis Eady, 1956 


171

Riekosiella 


Tineobius 

decoratus (Ferrière), 1938 [Anastatoidea] 


Zaschnopsis 




Family EURYTOMIDAE 

Scyophila 

sp. [G. Gibson, in litt.] 

Family EVANIIDAE 

Evania 

appendigaster Linnaeus, 1758 

impressa Schletterer, 1889 

sericea Cameron, 1883 

Family FORMICIDAE 

Adelomyrmex 

hirsutus Mann 1921 

Anochetus 

graeffei Mayr 1870 

Anoplolepis 

gracilipes (Smith) 1857 [Formica]; longipes (Jerdon), 1851 [Formica] 

Camponotus 

bryani Santschi 1928 

chloroticus Emery 1897; maculatus pallidus samoensis Santschi, 1919 

cristatus Mayr 1866 

cristatus nagasau Mann 1921 

cristatus sadinus Mann 1921 

dentatus (Mayr) 1866 [Colobopsis]; dentatus humeralis Wheeler 1934 

janussus Bolton, 1995; janus Mann, 1921 

laminatus Mayr 1866 

laminatus levuanus Mann 1921 

lauensis Mann 1921 

maafui Mann 1921 

manni Wheeler 1934 

manni umbratilis Wheeler 1934 

172

maudella Mann 1921 

maudella seemanni Mann 1921 

oceanicus (Mayr) 1870 [Colobopsis]; pallidus Smith, 1857 

polynesicus Emery, 1896; carinatus (Mayr), 1870 [Colobopsis]; mayriella 

Mann, 1921 

rotumanus Wilson & Taylor, 1967 

rufifrons (Smith), 1860 [Formica] 

schmeltzi Mayr, 1866 

schmeltzi kadi Mann, 1921 

schmeltzi loloma Mann, 1921 

schmeltzi trotteri Mann, 1921 

sexguttatus (Fabricius), 1793 [Formica] [from Simmonds, 1925]; subtilis 

(Smith), 1860 


Cardiocondyla 

emeryi Forel, 1881 

nuda (Mayr), 1866 [Leptothorax] 

obscurior Wheeler, 1929 

Cerapachys 

cryptus Mann 1921 

fuscior Mann 1921 

lindrothi Wilson 1959 

majusculus Mann 1921 

sculpturatus Mann 1921 (as vitiensis sculpturatus) 

vitiensis Mann 1921 

zimmermani Wilson 1959 

Diacamma 

rugosum (Le Guillou) 1842 [Ponera] 

Eurhopalothrix 

emeryi (Forel), 1912 [Rhopalothrix]; elegans (Mann), 1921 [Rhopalothrix] 

insidiatrix Taylor, 1980 

Gnamptogenys 

aterrima (Mann), 1921 [Wheeleripone] 

Hypoponera 

confinis (Roger), 1860 [Ponera] 

eutrepta (Wilson), 1958 [Ponera]; biroi rugosa (Mann), 1921 [Ponera] 

gleadowi (Forel in Emery), 1895 [Ponera] 

monticola (Mann), 1921 [Ponera] 

opaciceps (Mayr), 1887 [Ponera] 

punctatissima (Roger), 1859 [Ponera] 

turaga (Mann), 1921 [Ponera] 

173

vitiensis (Mann), 1921 [Ponera] 

Iridomyrmex 

anceps (Roger), 1863 [Formica] 

anceps ignobilis Mann, 1921 

Leptogenys 

foveopunctata Mann, 1921 

fugax Mann, 1921 

humiliata Mann, 1921 

letilae Mann, 1921 

navua Mann, 1921 


Lordomyrma 

curvata Sarnat, 2006 

desupra Sarnat, 2006 

levifrons (Mann), 1921 [Rogeria; as tortuosa ssp.] 

polita (Mann), 1921 [Rogeria; as tortuosa ssp.] 

rugosa (Mann), 1921 [Ponera] 

stoneri (Mann), 1925 [Rogeria; as tortuosa ssp.] 

striatella (Mann), 1921 [Rogeria] 

sukuna Sarnat, 2006 

tortuosa (Mann), 1921 [Rogeria] 

vanua Lucky & Sarnat, 2008 

vuda Sarnat, 2006 

Monomorium 

australicum Forel, 1907 

destructor (Jerdon), 1851 [Atta] 

floricole (Jerdon), 1851 [Atta] 

pharaonis (Linnaeus), 1758 [Formica] 

sechellense Emery, 1894 

vitiense Mann, 1921 

Myrmecina 

cacabau (Mann), 1921 [Archaeomyrmex] 

Ochetellus 

sororis (Mann), 1921 [Iridomyrmex] 

Odontomachus 

angulatus Mayr, 1866 

simillimus Smith, 1858; haematoda (Linnaeus), 1758 [Formica] 

Oligomyrmex 

atomus Emery 1900 

174

Pachycondyla 

stigma (Fabricius), 1804 [Formica] 

quadridentata (Smith), 1858 [Ponera] 

Paratrechina 

bourbonica (Forel), 1886 [Prenolepis]; bengalensis (Forel), 1894 

[Prenolepis] 

longicornis (Latreille), 1802 [Formica] 

minutula (Forel), 1901 [Prenolepis] 

oceanica (Mann), 1921 [Prenolepis] 

vaga (Forel), 1901 [Prenolepis]; crassipilis Santschi, 1928 

vitiensis (Mann), 1921 [Prenolepis] 

Pheidole 

bula Sarnat, 2008 

caldwelli Mann, 1921 

colaensis Mann, 1921 

fervens Smith, 1858 

furcata Sarnat, 2008 

knowlesi Mann, 1921 

knowlesi extensa Mann, 1921 

megacephala (Fabricius), 1793 [Formica] 

oceanica Mayr, 1866 

onifera Mann, 1921 

pegasus Sarnat, 2008 

roosevelti Mann, 1921; sexspinosa Mayr in Schmeltz, 1869 

simplicispinosa Sarnat, 2008 

umbonata Mayr, 1870 

uncagena Sarnat, 2008 

vatu Mann, 1921 

wilsoni Mann, 1921 

Philidris 

nagasau (Mann), 1921 [Iridomyrmex] 

nagasau agnata (Mann), 1921 [Iridomyrmex] 

nagasau alticola (Mann), 1921 [Iridomyrmex] 

Plagiolepis 

alluaudi Emery, 1894; foreli Mann, 1921; augusti Emery, 1921 

Platythyrea 

parallela (Smith), 1859 [Ponera] 

Poecilomyrma 

senirewae Mann, 1921 

senirewae myrmecodiae Mann, 1921 

175

Polyrhachis 

rotumana Wilson & Taylor, 1967 

Ponera 

colaensis Mann, 1921 

manni Taylor, 1967 

Pristomyrmex 

mandibularis Mann, 1921 

Proceratium 

oceanicum De Andrade, 2003 

relictum Mann, 1921 

Pyramica 

membranifera (Emery), 1869 [Strumigenys] 

trauma Bolton, 2000 

Rogeria 

sublevinodis Emery 1914 (as stigmatica sublevinodis) 

Romblonella 

scrobifera liogaster (Santschi) 1928 [Tetramorium] 

vitiensis Smith 1953 

Solenopsis 

geminata (Fabricius) 1804 

papuana Emery 1900 

cleptes vitiensis Mann, 1921 

Strumigenys 

basiliska Bolton 2000 

chernovi Dlussky 1993 

daithma Bolton 2000 

ekasura Bolton 2000 

frivola Bolton 2000 

godeffroyi Mayr 1866 

jepsoni Mann 1921 

mailei Wilson & Taylor 1967 

nidifex Mann 1921 

panaulax Bolton 2000 

praefecta Bolton 2000 

rogeri Emery 1890 

scelesta Mann 1921 

sulcata Bolton 2000 

tumida Bolton 2000 

176

wheeleri Mann, 1921 

Tapinoma 

melanocephalum (Fabricius) 1793 [Formica]; australis Santschi, 1928 

minutum Mayr 1862 

Technomyrmex 

albipes (Smith), 1861 [Formica] 

vitiensis Mann, 1921 [as albipes var.]; rufescens Santschi, 1928 [as albipes 

st.] 

Tetramorium 

bicarinatum (Nylander), 1846 [Myrmica] 

guineense (Fabricius), 1793 [Formica]; macra Emery, 1914 

insolens (Smith), 1861 [Myrmica]; wilsoni Mann, 1921 

lanuginosum Mayr, 1870 

manni Bolton, 1985 

pacificum Mayr, 1870; pacifica Mann, 1921 [Triglyphothrix] 

simillimum (Smith), 1851 [Myrmica]; insulare Santschi, 1928 

tenuicrine (Emery), 1914 

tonganum Mayr, 1870 

Vollenhovia 

denticulata Emery, 1914 

Family GASTERUPTIDAE 

Pseudofoenus 

extraneus (Turner), 1918 [Hemifoenus] 

sp. [Jennings & Austin, 2002] 

sp. [L. Masner, in litt.] 

Family HALICTIDAE 

Homalictus 

acrostus Michener, 1979 

fijiensis (Perkins & Cheesman), 1928 [Halictus] 

suvaensis Cockerell, 1929 

halrander Michener, 1979 

perpessicius Kohl, 1908 

versifrons (Perkins & Cheesman), 1928 [Halictus] 

Lasioglossum 

(Chilalictus) 

bicingulatum (Smith), 1853 [Halictus] 

florale Smith, 1853 [Halictus] 


Family ICHNEUMONIDAE 

177

Acrodactyla 

sp. 1 [Bennett, 2009] 

Brachycyrtus 

wardae Bennett, 2009 

Campoplex 



Casinaria 

infesta (Cresson),1872 [Limneria] 



vitilevensis (Kusigemati),1985 [Anempheres] 

Diadegma 

semiclausum Hellen, Fullaway (1957) 

Diadromus 

collaris (Gravenhorst),1829 [Ischnus] 

collaris nigrithorax (Strobl),1901 [Ischnopsidea] 

Diaparsis 







Diplazon 

laetatorius (Fabricius),1781 [Ichneumon] 

Dusona 


Echthromorpha 

agrestoria (Swederus), 1787 [Ichneumon] 

immaculata Krieger, 1909; diversor Morley, 1913 

tirathabae Perkins, 1937 [Pimpla]; sp. 3 [Bennett, 2009] 

Eiphosoma 

dentator (Fabricius), 1804 [Ophion] 

Enicospilus 

aequalis Szépligeti, 1906 [Henicospilus] 

178

dolosus (Tosquinet), 1896 [Ophion]; apicifumatus Morley, 1915 

heliothidis Viereck, 1913; rhoedae Cheesman, 1936 

melanocarpus Cameron,1905 

morleyi Townes, 1973 [Henicospilus] 

rufinervis Szépligeti, 1906 [Henicospilus] 

shinkanus Uchida, 1928 [Henicospilus]; pankumensis (Cheesman), 1936 

[Henicospilus] 







Eriborus 

tutuilensis (Fullaway), 1940 [Campoplex] 










sp. 10 [Bennett, 2009] 

sp. 11 [Bennett, 2009] 

sp. 12 [Bennett, 2009] 

sp. 13 [Bennett, 2009] 

sp. 14 [Bennett, 2009] 

Eriostethus 


Exochus 



Genotropus 

n. sp. [A. Bennett, in litt.] 

Ichneumon 

promissorius Erichson, 1842 

Leptophion 



179



Lissopimpla 

excelsa (Costa), 1864 [Pimpla] 

nigricans Fullaway, 1913 [Bennett, 2009]; 

semipunctata (Kirby), 1883 [Rhyssa] 

veitchi Turner, 1919 

Megastylus 



Mesochorus 


sp. 2. [bennett, 2009] 








sp. 10 [Bennett, 2009] 

sp. 11 [Bennett, 2009] 

sp. 12 [Bennett, 2009] 

sp. 13 [Bennett, 2009] 

sp. 14 [Bennett, 2009] 

Metopius 



Netelia 

fijiensis (Brues), 1922 [Paniscus] 










Nipponaetes 


180




Orthocentrus 

sp. 1[Bennett, 2009] 

Paraphylax 










sp. 10 [Bennett, 2009] 

Phytodietus 

(Weisia) 


Pristomerus 




Prochus 

n. sp. [A. Bennett, in litt.] 

Proclitus 




Pseudanomalon 

munin Gauld & Mitchell,1976 

Temelucha 




Tossinola 

pamianorum Bennett, 2009 

181

Trathala 

flavoorbitalis (Cameron),1907 [Tarytia] 

Triclistus 


Venturia 

palmaris (Wilkinson), 1928 [Nemeritis] 

Zatypoda 


Family MEGACHILIDAE 

Lithurgus 

albofimbriatus Sichel, 1856 

scabrosus (Smith), 1858 [Megachile] 

Megachile 

diligens hedleyi Rainbow, 1897 

fimbriventris Friese, 1911 

scutellata Smith, 1879 

similis Smith, 1879 

Family MYMARIDAE 

Allanagrus 

sp. [J. Huber, in litt.] 

Alaptus 


Anagrus 

armatus Ashmead, (1887) [Paranagrus] 

frequens Perkins, (1905) [Paranagrus] 

optabilis Perkins, (1905) [Paranagrus] 

perforator Perkins, (1905) [Paranagrus] 

Anaphes 

fijiensis sp. [J. Huber, in litt.] 

Arescon 


Australomymar 


?Callodicopus 

182


Camptoptera 


Camptopteroides 


Cleruchus 


Dicopomorpha 


Dicopus 

psyche Girault, 1913 

Dorya 


Eubroncus 


Gonatocerus 

sp. 1 [J. Huber, in litt.] 

sp. 2 [J. Huber, in litt.] 

Omyomymar 


Palaeoneura 

eucharis Perkins, 1912 

gloriosa sp. [J. Huber, in litt.] 

Pseudanephes 


Schizophragma 


Stephanodes 

reduvioli (Perkins), 1905 [Polynema] 

Family ORUSSIDAE 

Guiglia 

rubicunda Schmidt in Vilhelmsen & Schmidt, 2002 

183

Family PERILAMPIDAE 

Calliceras 

fijiensis Ferriere, 1933 

Family PLATYGASTRIDAE 

Iphitrachelus 

lar Walker [L. Masner, in litt.] 

Family POMPILIDAE 

Anoplius 

caerulescens (Dalla Torre), 1897 [Pompilus]; vitiensis (Williams), 1947 

[Dendropompilus] 

elatus (Smith), 1864 [Pompilus]; inquirendus Vachal, 1907 

vitiensis (Williams), 1947 [Nesopompilus] 

Cyphononyx 


Heterodontonyx 

guerini Banks, 1941 

Family PROCTOTRUPIDAE 

Caloteleia 

vitilevuensis Fullaway, 1939 

Microphanurus 

girsulti Dodd, 1914 

Proctotrupes 


Telenomus 

nawai Ashmead, 1904 

tirathabae Ferrière, 1933 

Trissolus 

basalis (Wollaston), 1858 [Microphanurus] 

Family PSAMMOCHARIDAE 

Cyphononyx 


Psammochares 

elatus (Smith), 1862 [Pompilus] 

Family PTEROMALIDAE 

Anisopteromalus 

184

calandrae (Howard), 1881 [Pteromalus]; vandinei (Tucker), 1910 

[Meroporus] 

Bruchobius 

laticeps Ashmead 

Callimomoides 


Cerocephala 

aquila (Girault), 1920 [Proamotura] 

Cleonymus 


Dinarmus 

basalis (Rondani), 1877 [Entedon]; laticeps (Ashmead), 1904 [Bruchobius] 

Epicopterus 


Fijita 

leveri Boucek, 1988 

Heydenia 


Moranila 

californica (Howard), 1881 [Tomocera] 

Neocalosoter 



Pachycrepoideus 

vindemmiae (Rondani), 1875 [Pteromalus]; dubius Ashmead, 1904 

Proshizonotus 



Pseudoceraphron 

fijensis Desjardins, 2007 

Spalangia 

cameroni Perkins, 1910 

endius Walker, 1839 

185

gemina Boucek, 1963 

nigroaenea Curtis, 1839 

Zolotarewskya 


Family SCELIONIDAE 

Acolomorpha 


Allotropa 

prosper (Nixon), 1942 [Nasdia] 

Anthonyon 


Baeus 

sp. [Fullawy, 1957] 

Calliscelio 

elegans (Kieffer) [L. Masner, in litt.] 

Gyron 

bolivari Kieffer [L. Masner, in litt.] 

Habroteleia 


Hadronotus 

suvaensis Dodd, 1914 

Lispoteleia 


Malloteleia 


Microphanurus 

giraulti Dodd 

Odontacolus 


Oxyteleia 


Palpoteleia 

186

atra (Kieffer) [L. Masner, in litt.] 


Paratelonomus 

matinalis Johnson [L. Masner, in litt.] 

Phoenoteleia 


Platyscelio 


Prosapegus 

glorianus Dodd, 1920 

Psilanteris 


Sceliacanthella 


Telenomus 

giraulti Dodd, 1913 

suvae Johnson & Bin, 1982 

Tiphodytes 


Trimorus 


Trissolus 

basalis (Wollaston) [L. Masner, in litt.] 

Xentor 

convexifrons Masner & Johnson, 2007 

filicornis Masner & Johnson, 2007 

schlingeri Masner & Johnson, 2007 

Family SCOLIIDAE 

Campsomeris 

marginella (Klug), 1810 [Scolia] 

marginella modesta (Smith), 1855 [Scolia] 

manilae Ashmead, 1904 [Scolia] 

ovalauensis (Saussure), 1869 [Discolia] 

Family SCOLEBYTHIDAE 

187

Ycaploca 

fijianus Beaver, 2002 

Family TORYMIDAE 

Bootanelleus 

orientalis (Mathur & Hussey), 1956 [Bootanomyia] 

Bootania 

neocaledonica (Milliron), 1950 [Pulvilligera] 

Megastigmus 


Family TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE 

Pseudoligoseta 

utilis (Kowalski), 1917 [Oligosita]; cratitia (Waterston), 1922 

[Chaetostricha] 

Trichogramma 

minutum Riley, 1871 

Trichogrammatoidea 

nana Zehntner, 1896 [Chaetosticha] 

Family VESPIDAE 

Anterhychium 

rufipes (Fabricius), 1775 [Vespa] 

Delta 

insulare (Smith), 1857 [Eumenes] [J. Carpenter, in litt.]; ovalauensis 

(Saussure), 1869 [Eumenes]; bidentatus (Kirby), 1884 [Belonogaster] 

latreillei petiolare (Schulz), 1904 [Eumenes] [J. Carpenter, in litt.] 

Paralastor 

graeffei (Saussure), 1869 [Alastor] 

Parodynerus 

bicinctus (Fabricius), 1781 [Vespa]; bizonatus (Boisduval), 1835 

[Odynerus] 

mediocinctus (Turner), 1919 [Odynerus] 

nigropetiolatus Giordani Soika, 1957 

Polistes 

olivaceus De Geer, 1773; hebraeus Fabricius, 1787 

Ropalidia 

188

impetuosa (Smith), 1861 [Icaria]; spilocephala (Cameron), 1906 [Icaria] 

ORDER ISOPTERA 

Family KALOTERMITIDAE 

Cryptotermes 

brevis (Walker), 1853 [Termes] 

domesticus (Haviland), 1898 [Calotermes] 

Glyptotermes 

brevicornis Froggatt, 1897 

taveuniensis (Hill), 1926 [Kalotermes] 

Family RHINOTERMITIDAE 

Coptotermes 

acinaciformis (Froggatt), 1898 [Termes] 

Family TERMITIDAE 

Inscisitermes 

repandus (Hill), 1926 [Kalotermes] 

Nasutitermes 

olidus (Hill), 1926 [Eutermes] 

Prorhinotermes 

inopinatus Silvestri, 1909 

ORDER LEPIDOPTERA 

Family AGANAIDAE 

Asota 

woodfordi (Druce), 1888 [Hypsa] 

Family AGATHIPHAGIDAE 

Agathiphaga 

vitiensis Dumbleton, 1952 

Family AGONOXENIDAE 

Agonoxena 

argaula Meyrick, 1921 

sp. [Dugdale, 1978] 

Family ALUCITIDAE 

Alucita 

pygmaea Meyrick, 1890 

Family ARCTIIDAE 

189

Amerila 

astrea (Drury), 1773 [Sphinx] 

Argina 

astraea (Drury), 1773 [Phalaena] 

cribraria (Clerck), 1764 [Phalaena] 

Euchromia 

creusa (Linnaeus), 1758 [Sphinx]; irus (Cramer), 1782 [Sphinx] 

vitiensis Hampson, 1903 

Hypsa 

lacticinia (Cramer), 1779 [Phalaena] 

Macaduma 

corvina Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 

montana Robinson, 1975 

striata Robinson, 1975 

Nyctemera 

baulus baulus (Boisduval), 1832 [Leptosoma] 

baulus fasciata Walker, 1856 [as sp.] 

Oeonistis 

delia (Fabricius), 1787 [Noctua] 

Philagria 

entella delia (Fabricius), 1787 [Noctua] 

Utetheisa 

clarae Robinson, 1971 

lotrix (Cramer), 1777 [Phalaena] 

pulchelloides pulchelloides Hampson, 1907 

pulchelloides marsallorum Rothschild, 1910 

salomonis Rothschild, 1910 

Family BATRACHEDRIDAE 

Batrachedra 

atriloqua Meyrick, 1931 

Family BLASTOBASIDAE 

Blastobasis 


Family CARPOSINIDAE 

Meridarchis 


190



Family CHOREUTIDAE 

Anthophila 

chalcotoxa Meyrick, 1886 

Brenthia 

melodica Meyrick, 1922 

quadriforella Zeller,1877 

Family COLEOPHORIDAE 

Blastobasis 

lososi Adamski & Brown, 2002 

Coleophora 

immortalis Meyrick, 1922 

Family COPROMORPHIDAE 

Copromorpha 

gypsota Meyrick, 1886 

pyrrhoscia Meyrick, 1935 

Family COSMOPTERYGIDAE 

Anatrachyntis 

megacentra (Meyrick), 1923 [Pyroderces] 

Ascalenia 

armigera Meyrick, 1923 

thoracista Meyrick, 1932 

Cosmopterix 

chrysocrates Meyrick, 1919 

dulcivora Meyrick, 1919 

epizona Meyrick, 1897 

gloriosa Meyrick, 1922 

Glaphyristis 

politicopa Meyrick, 1934 

Idiostyla 

catharopis Meyrick, 1922 

oculata Meyrick, 1921 

Labdia 

allotriopa Meyrick, 1923 

191

calida Meyrick, 1921 

clytemnestra Meyrick, 1923 

hastifera Meyrick, 1920 

intuens Meyrick, 1923 

microdictyas Meyrick, 1923 

orthritis Meyrick, 1930 

petroxesta Meyrick, 1921 

rationalis Meyrick, 1921 

saponacea Meyrick, 1922 

scenodoxa Meyrick, 1923 

spirocosma Meyrick, 1921 

Limnaecia 

anthophaga Meyrick, 1928 

apsigera Meyrick, 1921 

cirrhochrosta Meyrick, 1933 

fuscipalpis Meyrick, 1921 

inconcinna Meyrick, 1923 

phaeopleura Meyrick, 1924 

Persicoptila 

anthomima Meyrick, 1921 

aquilifera Meyrick, 1932 

phoenoxantha Meyrick, 1923 

Proterocosma 

epizona Meyrick, 1886 

triplanetis Meyrick, 1886 

Pyroderces 

cyma Bradley, 1953 

euryspora Meyrick, 1922 

paroditis Meyrick, 1928 

terminella (Walker), 1864 [Gracilaria] 

Stagmatophora 

cyma Bradley, 1953 

erebinthia Meyrick, 1921 

flexa Meyrick, 1921 

Trissodoris 

honorariella (Walsingham), 1907 [Stagmatophora] 

Ulochora 

streptosema Meyrick, 1920 

Family COSSIDAE 

192

Acritocera 

negligens Butler, 1886 

Family CRAMBIDAE 

Aeolopetra 

palaeanthes Meyrick, 1934 

Aethaloessa 

floridalis (Zeller), 1852 [Stenia] 

Agrioglypta 

enneactis Meyrick, 1932 

Alloperissa 

creagraula Meyrick, 1934 

Ambia 

parachrysis Meyrick, 1935 

Aphrophantis 

velifera Meyrick, 1933; tridentata (Meyrick), 1934 [Argyria] 

Argyria 

polyniphas Meyrick, 1932 

Atomoclostis 

deltosema Meyrick, 1934 

Aulacodes 

nephelanthopa Meyrick, 1934 

Autarotis 

euryala Meyrick, 1886 

Authaeretis 

eridora Meyrick, 1886 

Autocharis 

senatoria (Meyrick), 1932 [Argyria] 

Auxiolophotis 

cosmophilopis (Meyrick), 1934 [Lygropis] 

ioxanthias Meyrick, 1933 

Azochis 

pieralis (Walker), 1859 [Botys]; mactalis Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 

193

Bleszynskia 

hapaliscus (Zeller), 1852 [Crambus] 

malacellus (Duponchel), 1836 [Crambus] 

Botyodes 

asialis Guenée, 1854 

Bradina 

chalcophaea Meyrick, 1932 

cirrhophanes Meyrick, 1932 

craterotoxa Meyrick, 1932 

erilitalis (Felder & Rogenhofer), 1875 [Marasmia] 

haplomorpha Meyrick, 1932 

leptographa Meyrick, 1932 

leucura Hampson, 1897 

metaleucalis Walker, 1866 

miantodes Meyrick, 1932 

parallela (Meyrick), 1886 [Pleonectusa]; horatius (Butler), 1886 [Botys] 

porphyroclista Meyrick, 1934 

punctilinealis Hampson, 1907 

semnopa Meyrick, 1886 

stigmophanes Meyrick, 1932 

trispila (Meyrick), 1886 [Pleonectusa]; aurea (Druce), 1888 [Marasmia] 

Calamotropha 

dielota (Meyrick), 1886 [Crambus] 

Cnaphalocrocis 

exigua (Butler), 1879 [Samea] 

perinephes (Meyrick), 1886 [Dolichosticha] 

ruralis (Walker), 1859 [Botys] 

suspicalis (Walker), 1859 [Botys]; bifurcalis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 

1880 

trapezalis (Guenée), 1854 [Salbia] 

trebiusalis (Walker), 1859 [Botys]; stereogona (Meyrick), 1886 [Epimima] 

Compsophila 

iocosma Meyrick, 1886; bicolor (Butler), 1886 [Niphazada] 

Conogethes 

punctiferalis (Guenée), 1854 [Astura] 

Crocidoloma 

pavonana (Fabricius), 1794 [Pyralis]; binotalis Zeller, 1852 

Cryptographis 

cucurbitalis (Guenée), 1862 [Phakurella] 

194

glauculalis (Guenée), 1854 [Margaronia] 

indica (Saunders), 1851 [Eudioptes] 

Cullaclia 

cuneiferellus (Walker), 1863 [Crambus] 

paralyticus (Meyrick), 1932 [Crambus] 

Diasemia 

endoschista Meyrick, 1932 

Diasemiopsis 

ramburialis (Duponchel), 1834 [Hydrocampa] 

Dichocrosis 

fluminalis Butler, 1883 

Diplopseustis 

perieresalis (Walker), 1859 [Ambia]; minima (Butler), 1881: 684 

[Cymoriza] 

Diptychophora 


Dracaenura 

agramma Meyrick, 1882 

asthenota Meyrick, 1886 

myota Meyrick, 1886 

pelochra Meyrick, 1886 

stenosoma (Felder & Rogenhofer), 1875 [Platamonia] 

Eumaragma 

orthiopis Meyrick, 1933 

Eurytorna 

heterodoxa Meyrick, 1886 

Glaucocharis 

bathrogramma (Meyrick), 1933 [Diptychophora] 

clandenstina Gaskin, 1985 

fehrei Gaskin, 1985 

fijiensis Gaskin, 1985 

multilinealis (Kenrick), 1907 [Glyphodes] 

penetrata (Meyrick), 1933 [Diptychophora] 

praemialis (Meyrick), 1931 [Diptychophora]; aganarcha (Meyrick), 1933 

[Diptychophora] 

robinsoni Gaskin, 1985 

sericophthalma Meyrick, 1933 

195

simmondsi Gaskin, 1975 

tyriochrysa (Meyrick), 1933 [Diptychophora] 

Glyphodes 

caesalis Walker, 1859 

cymocraspeda (Meyrick), 1932 [Margaronia] 

diplocyma Hampson, 1912 

stolalis Guenée, 1854 

Haritalodes 

adjunctalis Leraut, 2005 

Hellula 

undalis (Fabricius), 1781 [Phalaena] 

Heortia 

vitessoides (Moore), 1885 [Tyspana] 

Herpetogramma 

licarsisalis (Walker), 1859 [Botys] 

phaeopteralis (Guenée), 1854 [Botys] 

rudis (Warren), 1892 [Acharana] 

Hoploscopa 

astrapias Meyrick, 1886 

Hyalobathra 

xanthocrossa Meyrick, 1932 

Hydriris 

ornatalis (Duponchel), 1832 [Asopia] 

Hymenoptychis 

sordida Zeller, 1852 

Lamprosema 

allocosma (Meyrick), 1886 [Semioceros] 

foedalis (Guenée), 1854 [Isopteryx]; epispila (Meyrick), 1886 [Physematia] 

leucostrepta (Meyrick), 1886 [Omioides] 

octasema (Meyrick), 1886 [Notarcha] 

opsocausta (Meyrick), 1935 [Blepharomastix] 

Lipararchis 

hyacinthopa Meyrick, 1934 

196

Lygropispha 

eoxantha Meyrick, 1933 

Macaretaera 

hesperis Meyrick, 1886 

Maruca 

vitrata (Fabricius), 1787 [Phalaena]; testulalis (Geyer in Hübner), 1832 

[Crochiphora] 

Meroctena 

sirioxantha (Meyrick), 1886 

tullalis Walker, 1859 [Klima, 1939] 

irioxantha (Meyrick), 1886 [Lygropis] 

Nacoleia 

octasema (Meyrick), 1886 [Notarcha] 

Oligostigma 

barbararcha Meyrick, 1932 

chrysotum (Meyrick), 1886 [Paraponyx] 

polydectale (Walker), 1859 [Cataclysta] 

Omiodes 

diemenalis (Guenée), 1854 [Asopia]; absistalis (Walker), 1859 [Pyrausta] 

indicata (Fabricius), 1775 [Phalaena]; vulgalis (Guenée), 1854 [Asopia] 

Omphisa 

illisalis Walker, 1859 

Ostrinia 

furnacalis (Guenée), 1854 [Botys] 

Pagyda 

tremula Meyrick, 1932 

Palpita 

spilogramma (Meyrick), 1934 [Margaronia] 

Paracentristis 

incommoda Meyrick, 1934 

Parapoynx 

unilinealis (Snellen van Vollenhoven), 1876 [Prophantis] 

villidalis (Walker), 1859 [Oligostigma] 

Parotis 

197

niphopepla (Meyrick), 1933 [Margaronia] 


suralis (Lederer), 1863 [Cloauges] [Klima, 1939] 

Piletocera 

albescens Rebel, 1915 

argopis (Meyrick), 1886 [Diplotyla] 

cyclospile (Meyrick), 1886 [Diplotyla] 

dactyloptila (Meyrick), 1886 [Semioceros] 

enneaspila Meyrick, 1933 

erebina Butler, 1886 

melanauges (Meyrick), 1886 [Erebangela] 

microcentra (Meyrick), 1886 [Strepsimela] 

nasonia Meyrick, 1933 

nigrescens (Butler), 1886 [Rhinecera] 

ocelligera Meyrick, 1932 

ochrosema (Meyrick), 1886 [Diplotyla] 

pseudadelpha (Meyrick), 1887 [Strepsimela] 

rhopalophora Meyrick, 1934 

signiferalis (Wallengren), 1860 [Isopteryx] 

ulophanes Meyrick, 1886 

Pilocrocis 

eriomorpha Meyrick, 1933 

stephanorma Meyrick, 1935 

Prodelophanes 

eucharis Meyrick, 1937 

Prophantis 

octoguttalis (Felder & Rogenhofer), 1875 [Thliptoceras] 

Prototyla 

alopecopa Meyrick, 1933 

haemoxantha Meyrick, 1935 

Psara 

acrospila (Meyrick), 1886 [Epichronistis] 

stultalis (Walker), 1859 [Botys] 

Ptiladarcha 

consularis Meyrick, 1933 

Pycnarmonca 

beralis (Guenée), 1854 [Spilomela] 

cribrata (Fabricius), 1794 [Phalaena] 

198

Rehimena 

infundibulalis (Snellen van Vollenhoven), 1882 [Botys] 

phrynealis (Walker), 1859 [Botys] 

Sameodes 

cancellalis (Zeller), 1852 [Botys] 

Scirpophaga 

imparellus (Meyrick), 1879 [Schoenobius] 

Scoparia 

orthioplecta Meyrick, 1937 

Spoladea 

recurvalis (Fabricius), 1775 [Phalaena]; fascialis (Stoll), 1782 [Phalaena] 

Stemorrhages 

oceanitis Meyrick, 1886 

Sufetula 


Syllepteco 

cohaesalis (Walker), 186 [Botys]; halurga (Meyrick), 1886 [Notarcha] 

derogata (Fabricius), 1775 [Phalaena]; multilinealis (Guenée), 1854 

[Botys] 

sabinusalis (Walker), 1859 [Botys]; butyrina (Meyrick), 1886 [Notarcha] 

Tatobotys 

biannulalis (Walker), 1866 [Botys]; picrogramma (Meyrick), 1886 

[Cometura] 

Terastia 

meticulosalis Guenée, 1854 

Trigamozeucta 

radiciformis Meyrick, 1937 

Xanthopsomma 

homaloxantha (Meyrick), 1933 [Pyrausta] 

Family EPERMENIIDAE 

Epermenia 

symmorias Meyrick, 1923 

Family EPIPLEMIDAE 

Epiplema 

199

conchiferata Moore, 1887 

cretosa Swinhoe, 1902 

instabilitata (Walker), 1866 [Erosia] 

lomalangi Robinson, 1975 

simmondsi Robinson, 1975 

Europlema 

semibrunnea (Pagenstecher), 1888: 258 [Epiplema] 

Gathynia 

albibasis Warren, 1896 

cythera Swinhoe, 1902 

Phazaca 

cythera (Swinhoe), 1902 [Gathynia] 

nakula Clayton, 2002 

yasawa (Robinson), 1975 [Gathynia] 

Family GELECHIIDAE 

Anarsia 

sp. near sagittaria Meyrick [Dugdale, 1978] 

Autosticha 

demias Meyrick, 1886: 281 

solita Meyrick, 1923 

Chelaria 

brachyrrhiza Meyrick, 1921 

mycetinopa Meyrick, 1934 

tephroplintha Meyrick, 1923 

Comodica 

disparata (Meyrick), 1923 [Idiophantis]; polygrapta Meyrick, 1924 

Dichomeris 

hieropla (Meyrick), 1919 [Atasthalistis] 

siderosema Turner, 1919 [Rhadinophylla]; transecta Meyrick [= nomen 

nudum; Veitch 1924] 

Idiophantis 

chiridota Meyrick, 1914 

disparata Meyrick, 1923 

Mesophleps 

epiochra (Meyrick), 1886: 279 [Brachyacma]; epichroa [error for epiochra] 

Myconita 

200

lipara Bradley, 1953 

Pectinophora 

gossypiella Saunders, 1843 [Gelechia] 

Phthorimaea 

operculella (Zeller), 1873 [Gelechia] 

Scrobipalpa 

heliopa (Lower), 1900 [Gelechia] 

Sitotroga 

cerealella (Olivier), 1789 [Alucita] 

horogramma (Meyrick), 1921 [Nesolechia] 

Stoeberhinus 

testaceus Butler, 1881 

Thiotricha 

sp. near strophiacma Meyrick [Dugdale, 1978] 

Family GEOMETRIDAE 

Agathia 

pisina Butler, 1887; asterias dimota Prout, 1911 

Anisodes 

compacta lautokensis Prout, 1929 

decolorata (Warren) 1897, [Brachycola] 

gloria Robinson, 1975 

harrietae Robinson, 1975 

monetaria (Guenée), 1858 

obliviaria Walker, 1861; suspicaria Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1881 

porphyropis Meyrick, 1888 

prionodes Meyrick, 1886 

samoana (Warren), 1897 [Brachycola] 

Anisozyga 

pieroides (Walker), 1861 [Comibaena] 

pacifica (Felder & Rogenhofer), 1875 [Comibaena] 

Aplochora 

vivilaca (Walker), 1861 [Iodis] 

Bosara 

linda (Robinson), 1975 [Chloroclystis] 

Brabira 

201

apatopleura Prout, 1934 

Bulonga 

phillipsi Prout, 1930 

Casbia 

aedoea Robinson, 1975 

alphitoniae Prout, 1929 

hemiprosopa Turner, 1904 

Casuariclystis 

latifascia (Walker), 1866 [Eupethicia]; scintillata (Prout), 1932 

[Chloroclystis] 

Catoria 

camelaria carbonata Warren, 1896 [teste Prout, 1929] 

hemiprosopa (Turner), 1904 [Ectropis] 

Chloroclystis 

bosora (Druce), 1888 [Larentia] 

encteta Prout, 1934 

fluctuosa Prout, 1934 

hypotmeta Prout, 1934 

katherinae Robinson, 1975 

lepta aeneta Prout, 1958 

lepta fluctuosa Prout, 1934 

lepta lepta Meyrick, 1886 

lepta mempta Prout, 1928 

lepta rotumensis Robinson, 1975 

linda Robinson, 1975 

mariae Robinson, 1975 

nina Robinson, 1975 

pyrsodonta Turner, 1922 

rubicunda Prout, 1934 

scintillata Prout, 1932 

Cleora 

diversa Robinson, 1971 

fowlesi Robinson, 1971 

injectaria anidryta Prout, 1928 (1929) 

injectaria injectaria (Walker), 1860 [Boarmia] 

lanaris (Butler), 1886 [Aegitrichus] 

munditibia lauensis Robinson, 1975 

munditibia munditibia Prout, 1929 

nausori (Bethune-Baker), 1905 [Alcis] 

ochricollis (Prout), 1934 [Tolmera] 

perstricta Prout, 1934 

202

samoana fijiensis Robinson, 1975 

samoana noatau Robinson, 1975 

vitensis (Bethune-Baker), 1905 [Alcis] 

Clepsimelia 

phryganeoides Warren, 1897 

Collix 

lasiospila (Meyrick), 1886 [Cidaria] 

olivia Robinson, 1975 

patricia Robinson, 1975 

Comibaena 

cheramota (Meyrick), 1886 [Iodis]; checometa [error for cheramota; Druce, 

1888] 

Comostola 

pyrrhogona augustata (Prout), 1917 [Pyrrhorachis] 

rhodoselas (Prout), 1928 [Pyrrhorachis] 

Cyclophora 

lautokensis (Prout, 1929) 

Cypra 

delicatula Boisduval, 1832 

Eoasthena 

catharia Prout, 1934 

extranea Prout, 1934 

gnophobathra Prout, 1934 

quilla Robinson, 1975 

rowena Robinson, 1975 

stygna Prout, 1934 

Eois 

sp.-near-pyrauges Prout [teste Robinson 1975] 

Episteira 

nigrilinearia enochra (Prout), 1934 [Sauris] 

Eucrostis 

disparata (Walker), 1861 [Eucrostis] 

Eucyclodes 

pieroides (Walker), 1861 [Comibaena]; pacifica (Felder & Rogenhofer), 

1875 [Comibaena] 

203

Eupithecia 

eupitheciata (Walker), 1863 [Philabapteryx]; delogramma (Meyrick), 1886 

[Cephalissa] 

vermiculata Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1874 

Gelasma 

albifulgens Prout, 1934 

quadrizona Prout, 1934 

Glaucoclystis 

sp. [teste Hollway, 1979] 

Gonodonta 

clelia (Cramer), 1780 [Phalaena] 

Gymnoscelis 

concinna concinna Swinhoe, 1902 

concinna nephelota Prout, 1958 [as erymna ssp.] 

erymna Meyrick, 1886 

imparatalis (Walker), 1865 

minutissima acidna Turner, 1904 

sara Robinson, 1975 

tristrigosa (Butler), 1880 [Eupithecia] 

tylocera Prout, 1930 

Hemithea 

stuhlmanni (Prout in Seitz), 1933 [Gelasma] 

Horisme 

chlorodesma (Meyrick), 1886 [Cidaria]; 

picta (Butler), 1886 [Coremia] 

rewaensis (Bethune-Baker), 1905 [Larentia] 

teresa Robinson, 1975 

Hybridoneura 

picta (Warren), 1901 [Gymnoscelis]; pacifica (Holloway), 1979 [Micrulia] 

Idaea 

bathromyses (Prout), 1934 [Sterrha] 

dicenea Prout, 1934 

rhipistis (Meyrick), 1886 [Pythodora] 

Luxiaria 

sesquilinea Prout, 1930 

Macaria 

abydata Guenée, 1858 

204

Maxates 

albifulgens (Prout), 1934 [Gelasma] 

quadrizona (Prout), 1934 [Gelasma] 

stuhlmanni (Prout in Seitz), 1933 [Gelasma] 

Mesotrophe 

harrietae (Robinson), 1975 [Anisodes] 

Mesurodes 

erichlora (Meyrick), 1886 [Eucrostis] 

Micrulia 

tenuilinea Warren, 1896 

Mnesiloba 

eupitheciata (Walker), 1863 [Philabapteryx]; delogramma (Meyrick), 1886 

[Cephalissa] 

Nadagara 

irretracta levuensis Robinson, 1975 

Pasiphila 

catastnepta Meyrick 

Pasiphilodes 

nina (Robinson), 1975 [Chloroclystis] 

subtrita (Walker), 1866 [Eupithecia]; aeneta Prout, 1958; fluctuosa (Prout), 

1934 [Chloroclystis]; lepta Meyrick, 1886; mempta (Prout), 1928 

[Chloroclystis]; rotumensis (Robinson), 1975 [Chloroclystis] 

Pelagodes 

veraria (Guenée), 1857 [Thalassodes] 

Perixera 

ceramis Meyrick, 1886 

gloria (Robinson), 1975 [Anisodes] 

niveopuncta (Warren), 1897 [Brachycola]; decolorata (Warren), 1897 

[Brachycola] 

obliviaria (Walker), 1861 [Anisodes]; suspicaria (Snellen van 

Vollenhoven), 1881 [Anisodes] 

porphyropis Meyrick, 1888 

prionodes Meyrick, 1886 

samoana (Warren), 1897 [Brachycola] 

Petelia 

aesyla Prout, 1930 

205

Poecilasthena 

inhaesa Prout, 1934 

leucydra Prout, 1934 

Polyclysta 

gonycrota Prout, 1932 

Probithia 

sesquilinea (Prout), 1930 [Luxiaria] 

Pseudoeryrthrolophus 

bipunctatus idmon (Prout), 1930 [Erythrolophus] 

Ruttelerona 

presbytica Robinson, 1975 

Sauris 

acanthina Prout, 1930 

dentalineata (Warren), 1905 [Holorista] 

elaica (Meyrick), 1886 [Remodes] 

hirudinata Guenée, 1858 

priva Prout, 1930 

ursula Robinson, 1975 

victoria Robinson, 1975 

wanda Robinson, 1975 

xissa Robinson, 1975 

Scardamia 

eucampta Prout, 1930 

Scopula 

cernea (Druce), 1888 [Acidalia] 

epigypsa (Meyrick), 1886 [Trichoclada] 

homodoxa (Meyrick), 1886 [Acidalia] 

julietae Robinson, 1975 

nivipennis (Butler), 1886 [Idaea] 

sublinearia ida Robinson, 1975 

Scotocyma 

miscix Prout, 1934 

Semiothisa 

abydata (Guenée), 1857 [Macaria] 

Spiralisigna 

acidna (Turner), 1904 [Gymnoscelis] 

206

Symmacra 

solidaria baptata (Warren), 1897 [Sterrha] 

Symmimetis 

merceri Robinson, 1975 

thorectes Prout, 1934 

Thalassodes 

chloropis Meyrick, 1886; timoclea Druce, 1888 

figurata Robinson, 1968 

fiona Robinson, 1975 

liquescens Prout, 1934 

opalina Butler, 1880 

pilaria Guenée, 1858 

quadraria Guenée, 1857 

veraria Guenée, 1857 

Family GLYPHIPTERYGIDAE 

Ernolytis 

chlorospora Meyrick, 1922 

Glyphipteryx 

isoclista Meyrick, 1925 

Family GRACILARIIDAE 

Acrocercops 

caerula (Meyrick), 1912 [Cyphosticha] 

caerulea Meyrick, 1934 

centrometra (Meyrick), 1920 [Cyphosticha] 

habroscia Meyrick, 1921 

macroclina Meyrick, 1916 

patellata Meyrick, 1921 

praesecta Meyrick, 1922; prosecta: [error for praesecta; Dugdale, 1978] 

sarcocrossa Meyrick, 1924 

sp. near albidorsala Bradley [teste Dugdale, 1978] 

sp. near pavonicola Vári [teste Dugdale, 1978] 

Caloptilia 

palaearcha (Meyrick), 1930 [Gracilaria] 

soyella Van Deventer, 1904 [Gracilaria] 

xanthopharella Meyrick, 1880 

Conopomorpha 

oceanica Bradley, 1986 

Cyphosticha 

caerulea Meyrick, 1912 

207

Gracilaria 

glyphidopis Meyrick, 1934 

heroscelis Meyrick, 1939 

Liocrobyla 

paraschista Meyrick, 1916 

Parectopa 

phoenicaula Meyrick, 1934 

Phyllonoryctyer 

aglaozona (Meyrick), 1882 [Lithocolletis] 

Timodora 

callicirrha Meyrick, 1924 

Family HELIODINIDAE 

Stathmopoda 

dracaenopa Meyrick, 1933 

iocycla Meyrick, 1933 

niphocarpa Meyrick, 1937 

synchrysa Meyrick, 1923 

trichrysa (Meyrick), 1920 [Ulochora] 

xanthodesma Meyrick, 1931 

Family HEPIALIDAE 

Phassodes 

vitiensis (Rothschild), 1895 [Leto]; bimorpha Bvitensis Bethune-Baker, 

1905 ethune-Baker, 1905; guthrei Bethune-Baker, 1905; nausori Bethune- 

Baker, 1905; odorevalvula Bethune-Baker, 1905; rewaensis Bethune- 

Baker, 1905; ritensis [error for vitensis; Wagner & Pfitzer, 1911] 

Family HERMINIIDAE 

Bocana 

manifestalis Walker, 1858 

Palaeocoleus 

sypnoides (Butler), 1886 [Bocana] 

Raganagra 

vatalis (Walker), 1859 [Bocana] 

Family HESPERIIDAE 

Badamia 

atrox subflava Waterhouse, 1920 [as exclamationis ssp.] 

exclamationis (Fabricius), 1775 [Papilio] 

208

Hasora 

chromus bilunata (Butler), 1883 [Ismene] 

chromus khoda (Mabille), 1876 [Ismene] 

Oriens 

augustula (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1869 [Pamphila]; chaura Evans, 1934 

[Evans 1949] 

angustula [error for augustula; Butler, 1883] 

fitjiensis (Mabille), 1878 [Pamphila] 

Family HYBLAEIDAE 

Hyblaea 

puera (Cramer), [Phalaena] 

sanguinea sanguinea Gaede, 1917 

sanguinea vitiensis Prout, 1919 

Family IMMIDAE 

Imma 

autodoxa Meyrick, 1886 [Thylacopleura] 

chlorospila Meyrick, 1923 

harpagacma Meyrick, 1935 

leucomystis Meyrick, 1923 

philonoma Meyrick, 1925 

pyrophthalma Meyrick, 1937 

trachyptila Meyrick, 1921 

Family LIMACODIDAE 

Beggina 

albifascia Robinson, 1975 

bicornis Clayton, 2002 

dentilinea Robinson, 1975 

mediopunctata Robinson, 1975 

minima Robinson, 1975 

unicornis Robinson, 1975 

zena Robinson, 1975 

Family LYCAENIDAE 

Callophrys 

rubi (Linnaeus), 1758 [Papilio] 

Catochrysops 

taitensis taitensis (Boisduval), 1832 [Lycaena] 

Catopyrops 

ancyra (Felder), 1860 [Lycaena] 

209

Cupidohylax 

dampierensis (Rothschild), 1915 [Zizera] 

patala (Kollar), 1844 [Lycaena] 

Deudorix 

epijarbas diovella Waterhouse, 1920 

Euchrysops 

cnejus samoa (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1869 [Lycaena] 

Famegana 

alsulus alsulus (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1869 [Lycaena] 

alsulus lulu (Mathew), 1889 [Lycaena] 

Jamides 

candrena (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1869 [Lycaena]; campanulata Butler, 1884; 

lobelia Butler, 1884; petunia Druce, 1887; woodfordii Butler, 1884 

pulcherrima Butler, 1884; kava Druce, 1892 

Lampides 

boeticus (Linnaeus), 1767 [Papilio] 

Nacaduba 

beroe Felder & Felder, 1865 [Lycaena] 

biocellata armillata (Butler), 1875 [Lampides] 

dyopa dyopa (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1869 [Lycaena]; platissa (Herrich- 

Schaeffer), 1869 [Lycaena]; vitiensis Butler, 1883 [Catochrysops] 

gemmata Druce, 1887 

samoensis Druce, 1892 

Strymon 

bazochii gundlachianus Bates, 1935 

Thecla 

agra Hewitson, 1868 

echion (Linnaeus) [not established; teste Robinson 1975] 

Zizina 

communis Herrich-Schaeffer), 1869 [Lycaena] 

hylax (Fabricius), 1775 [Papilio] 

labradus labradus (Godart), 1824 [Polyommatus] 

labradus mangoensis (Butler), 1884 [Lycaena] 

Family LYMANTRIIDAE 

Adetoneura 

lentiginosa Collenette, 1933 

210

Calliteara 

fidjiensis (Mabille & Vuillot), 1890 [Dasychira]; vitiensis (Bethune-Baker), 

1905 [Dasychira]; fidgensis [error for fidjiensis; Strand in Seitz, 1915] 

flavobrunnea (Robinson), 1969 [Dasychira] 

nandarivatu (Robinson), 1968 [Dasychira] 

Family LYONETIIDAE 

Lyonetia 

luxurians Meyrick, 1922 

spinitarsis Meyrick, 1922 

Phrixosceles 

fibulatrix Meyrick, 1922 

Phruriastis 

meliphaga Meyrick, 1923 

Pontodryas 

loxosema Meyrick, 1920 



Vanicela 


Family NEPTICULIDAE 

Stigmella 

sp. [teste Nieuwkerken & Berg 2003] 

Family NOCTUIDAE 

Achaea 

janata (Linnaeus), 1758 [Phalaena] 

melicerta (Drury), 1770 [Phalaena] 

robinsoni Holloway in Barlow, 1982 

serva (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua] 

fasciculipes Walker, 1858 

Aedia 

leucomelas (Linnaeus), 1758 [Phalaena] 

sericea (Butler), 1882 [Anophia] 

Aegilia 

describens Walker, 1857 

vitiscribens Holloway, 1985 

Agrapha 

211

albostriata (Bremer & Grey), 1853 [Plusia] 

Agrotis 

aneituma Walker, 1865 

ipsilon (Hüfnagel), 1766 [Phalaena] 

munda Walker, 1856 

Amyna 

abyssa (Snellen van Vollenhoven), 1880 [Mesotrosta] 

natalis (Walker), 1858 [Berresa] 

octo (Guenée), 1852 [Perigea] 

punctum (Fabricius), 1794 [Noctua] 

Anigraea 

ochrobasis Hampson, 1912 

pectinata Robinson, 1975 

Anomis 

combinans (Walker, [1858] 1857) 

esocampta Hampson, 1926; vitiensis (Hampson), 1900 [Cosmophila] 

[preocc. Butler, 1886] 

figlina Butler, 1889 

flava (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua]; xanthindyma (Boisduval), 1833 

[Cosmophila] 

fulvida Guenée, 1852 

involuta (Walker), 1858 [Gonitis] 

nigritarsis (Walker), 1857 [Rusicada]; xanthochroa (Butler), 1886 [Gonitis] 

revocans (Walker), 1858 [Gonitis] 

sabulifera Guenée, 1852 [Gonitis] 

samoana (Butler), 1886 [Gonitis] 

vitiensis (Butler), 1886 [Gonitis] 

vulpina (Butler), 1886 [Gonitis] 

Anticarsia 

irrorata (Fabricius), 1781 [Noctua]; rubricans (Boisduval), 1833 [Ophiusa] 

Apothripa 

vailima Tams, 1935 

Araeopteron 

griseata Hampson, 1907 

Arcte 

coerulea (Guenée), 1852 [Cocytodes] 

modesta Van der Hoeven, 1840 [Catocala] 

Argyrogramma 

212

signata (Fabricius), 1792 [Noctua] 

Arsacia 

rectalis (Walker), 1863 [Midea] 

Asota 

woodfordi (Druce, 1888) 

Athetis 

reclusa (Walker), 1862 [Prodenia] 

striolata (Butler), 1886 [Caradrina] 

thoracica (Moore), 1884 [Radinacra] 

Attonda 

adspersa (Felder & Rogenhofer), 1874 [Felinia] 

Austrocarea 

albipicta (Hampson), 1905 [Carea] 

Avatha 

discolor (Fabricius), 1794 [Noctua] 

Avitta 

ophiusalis (Walker, [1859] 1858) 

Barasa 

triangularis Robinson, 1975 

Bastilla 

vitiensis (Butler), 1886 [Ophiusa] 

Blenina 

lichenopa vatu Robinson, 1975 

Bocana 

manifestalis Walker, [1859] 1858 

Calathusa 

cinerea Holloway, 1979 

Calogramma 

picta (Guérin-Méneville), 1838 [Polia]; festiva (Donovan), 1805 

[Phalaena] 

Callopistria 

argyrosemastis (Hampson), 1918 [Eriopus] 

exotica (Guenée), 1852 [Eriopus] 

213

maillardi (Guenée), 1862 [Eropius] 

meridionalis rotumensis Robinson, 1975 

reticulata (Pagenstecher), 1884 [Eriopus] 

Catada 

charalis Swinhoe, 1900 

Catadoides 

fijiensis Robinson, 1975 

vunindawa Robinson, 1975 

Chalciope 

alcyona (Druce), 1888 [Grammodes] 

hoplitis Meyrick, 1902 [Grammodes] 

Characoma 

nilotica (Rogenhofer), 1882 [Sarrothripa] 

Chasmina 

candida (Walker), 1865 [Arbasera] 

tibialis (Fabricius), 1775 [Bombyx] 

viridis Robinson, 1975 

Chrysodeixis 

acuta (Walker), 1858 [Plusia] 

chalcites (Esper), 1789 [Phalaena] 

eriosoma (Doubleday), 1843 [Plusia]; verticillata (Guenée), 1852 [Plusia] 

illuminata (Robinson), 1968 [Plusia] 

Chrysopera 

combinans (Walker), 1858 [Achaea] 

Condica 

conducta (Walker), 1857 [Caradrina] 

dolorosa (Walker), 1865 [Mamestra] 

illecta (Walker), 1865 [Perigea] 

Cosmophila 

flava (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua]; xanthindyma (Boisduval), 1833 

[Cosmophila] 

Diarsia 

intermixta (Guenée), 1852 [Noctua]; compta (Walker), 1857 [Graphiphora] 

Diastema 

tigris Guenée [not established; teste Robinson 1975: 323] 

214

Dichromia 

quinqualis Walker, 1859 

trigonalis Guenée, 1854 

Diomea 

fenella Robinson, 1969 

Dyrzela 

trichoptera Robinson, 1975 

Dysgonia 

anetica (Felder & Rogenhofer), 1875 [Ophisma] 

arctotaenia (Guenée), 1852 [Ophiusa] 

duplicata (Robinson), 1975 [Parallelia] 

hicanora (Turner), 1903 [Thyas] 

illibata (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua] 

laetabilis (Guenée), 1852 [Ophisma] 

joviana (Stoll in Cramer), 1782 [Phalaena]; myops (Guenée), 1852 

[Ophiusa] 

koroensis (Robinson), 1969 [Parallelia] 

prisca (Walker), 1858 [Ophisma] 

propyrrha (Walker), 1858 [Naxia] 

vitiensis (Butler), 1886 [Ophiusa] 

Earias 

flavida Felder, 1861 

luteolaria Hampson, 1891 

perhuegelii Holloway, 1977 

vittella (Fabricius), 1794 [Tinea] 

fabia Stoll in Cramer, 1781 [Phalaena] 

vitella [error for vittella] 

Echanella 

hirsutipennis Robinson, 1975 

Entomogramma 

torsa Guenée, 1852 

Ercheia 

kebea Bethune-Baker, 1906 

Ericeia 

congregata (Walker), 1858 [Remigia] 

inangulata levuensis Prout, 1929 

leichardtii (Koch), 1865 [Villosa] 

Erygia 

215

precedens (Walker), 1857 [Briarda] 

Etanna 

mackwoodi Hampson, 1902 [Dendrothripa] 

Eublemma 

anachoresis (Wallengren), 1863 [Xanthoptera] 

baccalix (Swinhoe), 1886 [Mestleta] 

cochylioides (Guenée), 1852 [Micra] 

innocens (Butler), 1886 [Thalpochares] 

pudica (Snellen van Vollenhoven), 1880 [Thalpochares] 

ragusana (Freyer), 1844 [Anthophila] 

rivula (Moore), 1882 [Thalpochares] 

Eublemmoides 

crassiuscula (Walker), 1864 [Thermesia] 

Eudocima 

fullonia (Clerck), 1764 [Phalaena]; fullonica (Linnaeus), 1767 [Phalaena] 

materna (Linnaeus), 1758 [Phalaena] 

paulii (Robinson), 1968 [Othreis] 

salaminia (Cramer), 1777 [Phalaena] 

Felinia 

precedens (Walker), 1857 [Briarda] 

Gabala 

australiata Warren, 1916 

Gonitis 

editrix (Guenée), 1852 [Gonitis] 

involuta vitiensis (Butler), 1886 [Gonitis] 

Grammodes 

geometrica (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua]; ammonia (Cramer), 1778 

[Phalaena] 

oculicola Walker, 1858; oculata Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1880 

Graphanina 

disjungens (Walker), 1868 [Heliophobus] 

Gyrtona 

acutipennis (Robinson), 1975 [Nigramma] 

hopkinsi Tams, 1935 

perstrialis Robinson, 1975 

purpurea Robinson, 1975 

rotundipennis (Robinson), 1975 [Nigramma] 

216

Harita 

nodyna (Bethune-Baker), 1908 [Hypena] 

Helicoverpa 

armigera (Hübner), 1809 [Noctua]; conferta (Walker), 1857 [Heliothis] 

assulta (Guenée), 1852 [Heliothis] 

zea (Boddie), 1850 [Phalaena]; obsoleta (Fabricius), 1793 [Bombyx] 

Hydrillodes 

lentalis Guenée, 1854 

metisalis(Walker), 1859 [Bocana] 

surata Meyrick, 1910 

Hypena 

commixtura (Swinhoe), 1918 [Bomolocha] 

conscitalis Walker, 1865 

cryptica Robinson, 1975 

duplicalis (Walker), 1859 [Dichromia] 

ferriscitalis Walker, 1865 


gonospilalis Walker, 1865 

iconicalis Walker, 1859 

laceratalis Walker, 1859 

masurialis Guenée, 1854 

robustalis Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1880 

Hypenagonia 

anna Robinson, 1975 

barbara Robinson, 1975 

catherina Robinson, 1975 

diana Robinson, 1975 

emma Robinson, 1975 

Hyperlopha 

cristifera (Walker), 1865 [Ephyrodes] 

Hypocala 

deflorata (Fabricius), 1794 [Hyblaea]; australiae Butler, 1892 

rosrata (Fabricius), 1794 [Hyblaea]; plumicornis Guenée, 1852 

Hypospila 

similis similis Tams, 1935 

similis fijiensis Robinson, 1975 

Lacera 

contrasta Holloway, 1979 

217

noctilio (Fabricius), 1794 [Noctua] 

Leucania 

fiyu Hreblay & Yoshimatsu, 1998 

loreyi (Duponchel), 1827 [Noctua] 

pseudoformosona Robinson, 1975 

scotti Butler, 1886 

venalba Moore, 1867 

yu Guenée, 1852 

Leucocosmia 

nonagrica (Walker), 1864 [Curgia]; ceres Butler, 1886 

Lignispalta 

caerulea (Robinson), 1969 [Prospalta] 

Lophocoleus 

acuta Robinson, 1975 

albipuncta Robinson, 1975 

iridescens Robinson, 1975 

mirabilis Butler, 1886 

rubrescens Robinson, 1975 

suffusa Robinson, 1975 

Lophoptera 

hemithyris (Hampson), 1905 [Stictoptera] 

Luceria 

oculalis (Moore), 1877 [Rivula] 

Maceda 

savura Robinson, 1968 

Maliattha 

melanesiensis Robinson, 1975 

ritsemae (Snellen van Vollenhoven), 1880 [Erastria]; vitiensis (Butler), 

1886 [Acontia] 

Mecistognatha 

fijiensis Hampson [manuscript name] 

Mecistoptera 

sp. near albisigna Hampson [teste Robinson 1975] 

Mecodina 

variata Robinson, 1969 

218

Microthripa 

buxtoni Tams, 1935 

Mniothripa 

bradleyi Fletcher, 1957 

Mocis 

frugalis (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua] 

mayeri (Boisduval) [misidentification] 

trifasciata (Stephens), 1829 [Catephila] 

discrepans (Butler), 1886 [Remigia] 

undata (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua] 

archesia (Cramer), 1780 [Phalaena] 


Mudaria 

sp. near leprosticta (Hampson) [teste Robinson, 1975] 

Mythimna 

(Acantholeucania) 

loreyi (Duponchel), 1827 [Noctua] 

yu (Guenée), 1852 [Leucania] 

Mythimna 

(Aletia) 

aroroyensis (Calora), 1966 [Aletia] 

pseudoformosana (Robinson), 1975 [Leucania] 

Mythimna 

(Leucania) 

venalba (Moore), 1867 [Leucania] 

Mythimna 

(Pseudaletia) 

separata (Walker), 1864 [Leucania] 

unipuncta (Haworth), 1809 [Noctua] 

Nagia 

robinsoni Holloway, 1982 

Nanaguna 

albisecta Hampson, 1905 

breviuscula Walker, 1863 

vittalis (Walker), 1866 [Tamusida] 

Neogabara 

plagiola Wileman & West, 1929 

219

Nigramma 

polionota (Hampson), 1905 [Gyrtona]; perstrialis Hampson, 1918 

Ophiusa 

coronata (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua] 

disjungens (Walker, 1858) 

magica Hübner, 1827 [Corycia] 

tongaensis (Hampson), 1913 [Anua] 

fijiensis (Robinson), 1969 [Anua] 

Oruza 

cariosa (Lucas), 1894 [Thermesia] 

Oxyodes 

scrobiculata samoana Tams, 1935 

scrobiculata scrobiculata (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua] 

clytia (Stoll), 1782 [Phalaena] 

scrobiculata tanymekes Tams, 1935 

Paectes 

cristatrix fijiensis Robinson, 1975 [as cristatrix spp.] 

Palaeocoleus 

sypnoides (Butler, 1886) 

Pantara 

ophiusalis lunifera (Druce), 1888 [Toxocampa] 

Pantydia 

metaspila (Walker), 1857 [Toxocampa] 

sordida (Butler), 1886 [Hypaetra] 

Papuacola 

costalis (Moore), 1883 [Acharya]; armstrongiTams, 1935 [Leptotroga] 

Parallelia 

arctotaenia (Guenée), 1852 [Ophiusa] 

Parilyrgis 

concolor Bethune-Baker, 1908 

Pataeta 

carbo (Guenée), 1852 [Phlegetonia] 

Penicillaria 

dinawa Bethune-Baker, 1906 

220

jocosatrix Guenée, 1852 

magnifica (Robinson), 1975 [Tibiocillaria] 

meeki Bethune-Baker, 1906 [teste Holloway, 1985] 

nugatrix Guenée in Boisduval & Guenée, 1852 

Plagideicta 

sp. nr. leprosticta (Hampson) [Robinson 1975] 

Platysenta 

sp. [Robinson 1975] 

Plusiodonta 

dimorpha Robinson, 1975 

Polydesma 

boarmoides Guenée, 1852 

Porphyrinia 

innocens (Butler), 1886 [Thalpochares] 

rivula (Moore), 1882 [Thalpochares] 

Progonia 

micrastis (Meyrick), 1902 [Simplicia] 

umbrifera (Lucas, 1894) 

Prospalta 

caerulea Robinson, 1969 

Pseudaletia 

separata (Walker), 1864 [Leucania] 

unipuncta (Haworth), 1809 [Noctua] 

Ptochosiphla 

oedipus Meyrick, 1933 

Remigia 

vitiensis (Hampson), 1913 [Mocis] 

Rhesala 

irregularis circuluncus Holloway, 1979 

Rhesalides 

asphalta (Swinhoe), 1901 [Rhesala] 

albizziae (Prout), 1929 [Rhesala] 

curvata (Lucas, 1895) 

Rivula 

221

dipterygosoma Tams, 1935 

maxwelli Robinson, 1975 

polynesiana Hampson, 1926 

Rusicada 

fulvida Guenée, 1852 [Anomis] 

nigritarsis nigritarsis (Walker), 1857 [Rusicada] 

nigritarsis xanthochroa (Butler), 1886 [Gonitis] 

revocans (Walker), 1858 [Gonitis] 

vulpina (Butler), 1886 [Gonitis] 

Sarbissa 

bostrychonota (Tams), 1929 [Seudyra] 

Sasunaga 

oenistus (Hampson), 1908 [Masuga] 

tenebrosa (Moore), 1867 [Hadena] 

tomaniiviensis Robinson, 1975 

Savoca 

divitalis pacifica Holloway, 1985 

Schinia 

bifascia Hübner, 1818 

divergens (Walker), 1857 [Anthophila] 

Schrankia 

furoroa Robinson, 1975 

vitiensis Robinson, 1975 

Serrodes 

campana callipepla Prout, 1929 

campana Guenée, 1852 

mediopallens Prout, 1924 

Simplicia 

caeneusalis (Walker), 1859 [Sophoronia]; lautokiensis Prout, 1933 

Speiredonia 

mutabilis(Fabricius), 1794 [Noctua] 

anops Guenée, 1852 [Sericia] 

simplex obalauae Bethune-Baker, 1915 [Sericia] 

strigiformis (Robinson), 1975 [Sericia] 

Spodoptera 

acronyctoides Guenée, 1852 

exigua (Hübner), 1808 [Noctua] 

222

festiva (Donovan), 1805 [Phalaena] 

littoralis (Boisduval), 1833 [Hadena] 

litura (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua] 

mauritia (Boisduval), 1833 [Hadena] 

picta (Guerin-Meneville, [1838] 1830) 

Stenopterygia 

nausoriensis Robinson, 1975 

Stictoptera 

cucullioides Guenée, 1852; subobliqua (Walker), 1857 [Steiria]; variabilis 

(Moore), 1882 [Steiria] 

describens (Walker), 1857 [Aegelia] 

obalaui Bethune-Baker, 1916 

stygia Hampson, 1912 


Symitha 

indicatana (Walker), 1863 [Tortrix] 

Targalla 

barbara (Robinson), 1975 [Phlegetonia] 

delatrix (Guenée), 1852 [Penicillaria] 

palliatrix (Guenée), 1852 [Penicillaria] 

Tholocoleus 

astrifer (Butler), 1886 [Lophocoleus] 

Thyas 

coronata (Fabricius), 1775 [Noctua] 

honesta Hübner, 1824 

miniacea (Felder & Rogenhofer), 1874 [Lagoptera] 

regia Lucas, 1894 

Tiracola 

plagiata (Walker), 1857 [Agrotis] 

Trigonodes 

cephise (Cramer), 1779 [Phalaena]; maxima Guenée, 1852 

hyppasia (Cramer), 1779 [Phalaena] 

Family NOLIDAE 

Apothripa 

vailima Tams, 1935 

Austrocarea 

albipicta (Hampson, 1905) 

223

Barasa 

triangularis Robinson, 1975 

Calathusa 

sp. near basicunea Walker 

Earias 

flavida Felder, 1861 

huegeliana Gaede, 1937 

luteolaria Hampson, 1891 

vittella (Fabricius, 1794) 

Giaura 

nigrostrigata (Bethune-Baker), 1905 [Argyrothripa] 

sokotokai Robinson, 1969 

spinosa Robinson, 1975 

tetragramma (Hampson), 1905 [Barasa]; obalauae Bethune-Baker, 1927; 

simeoni Robinison, 1975 [as tetragramma ssp.] 

Maceda 

mansueta Walker, [1858] 

savura Robinson, 1968 

Maurilia 

iconica (Walker), 1857 [Anomis] 

Nola 


insularum (Collenette), 1928 [Celama] 

lichenosa Robinson, 1975 

samoana Robinson, 1975 

transversata Robinson, 1975 

Xanthodes 

congenita (Hampson), 1912 [Acontia] 

intersepta Guenée, 1852 

Family NOTODONTIDAE 

Lasioceros 

aroa vitiensis Robinson, 1975 

Family NYMPHALIDAE 

Acraea 

andromacha polynesiaca Rebel, 1911 

Anosia 

224

menippe Hübner, 1816 [as plexippus ssp.] 

Cynthia 

kershawi McCoy [not established; teste Robinson 1975] 

Danaus 

archippus (Fabricius), 1793 [Papilio] 

plexippus (Linnaeus), 1758 [Papilio]; archippus (Fabricius), 1793 [Papilio] 

Doleschallia 

bisaltide vomana Fruhstorfer, 1902 

Euploea 

boisduvalii boisduvalii Lucas, 1853; herrichii Felder & Felder, 1865 [as 

boisduvalii f.] 

eschscholtzii [error for escholtzii; Butler, 1883] 

helcita escholtzii Felder & Felder, 1865 

intermedia (Moore), 1883 [Nipara] 

jessica Butler, 1869 

leucostictos macleayii Felder & Felder, 1865 

lewinii eschscholtzii Felder & Felder, 1865 

proserpina Butler, 1866; mangoensis (Butler), 1884 [Vadebra] [as 

boisduvalii f.]; simmondsi Poulton, 1924 

tulliolus forsteri Felder & Felder, 1865; incompta Herrich-Schaeffer, 1869; 

protoforsteri Poulton, 1923; seriata Herrich-Schaeffer, 1869 

Hypolimnas 

antilope lutescens (Butler), 1874 [Diadema] 

bolina pallescens Butler, 1874; crexa Fruhstorfer, 1912 ; hypna (Swinhoe), 

1916 [Apatura] [as bolina pallescens f.]; moseleyi Butler, 1883 ; murrayi 

Butler, 1883; pelva Fruhstorfer, 1912; thomsoni Butler, 1883 

eriphile (Cramer), 1782 [Papilio] 

inopinata Waterhouse, 1920 

octocula octocula Butler, 1869; formosa (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1869 

[Diadema] 

tracta (Swinhoe), 1916 [Apatura] [as bolina pallescens f.] 

Junonia 

villida villida (Fabricius), 1787 [Papilio] 

Melanitis 

leda levuna Fruhstorfer, 1908 

leda solandra (Fabricius), 1775 [Papilio] 

Polyura 

caphontis caphontis (Hewitson), 1863 [Charaxes] 

caphontis excellens Turlin, 2001 

225

caphontis nambavatua Smiles, 1982 

Taenaris 

phorcas Westwood, 1858; anableps Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1860 

Tirumala 

claribella (Butler), 1882 [Danaus] [as hamata neptunia f.] 

hamata mellitula (Herrich-Schaeffer), 1869 [Danaus] 

hamata neptunica (Felder & Felder), 1865 [Danaus] 

moderata (Butler), 1875 [Danaus] 

protoneptunia (Poulton), 1924 [Danaus] 

Vagrans 

egista vitiensis (Waterhouse), 1920 [Issoria] 

Vanessa 

itea (Fabricius), 1775 [Papilio] 

Xois 

fulvida Butler, 1883 

sesara Hewitson, 1865; diophthalma von Prittwitz, 1867 

Ypthima 

vitiensis (Fruhstorfer in Seitz), 1911 [Xois] 

Family OECOPHORIDAE 

Autosticha 

dianeura Meyrick, 1939 

solita (Meyrick), 1923 [Pachnistia] 

Calicotis 

praeusta Meyrick, 1922 

Heiromantis 

ancylogramma Meyrick, 1933 

munerata Meyrick, 1924 

praemiata Meyrick, 1921 

tribolopa Meyrick, 1924 

Idiomictis 

aneuropa Meyrick, 1935 

rhizonoma Meyrick, 1935 

Peritornenta 

gennaea Meyrick, 1923 

spilanthes Meyrick, 1934 

226

Pseudaegeria 

squamicornis (Felder & Rogenhofer), 1875 [Ochsenheimeria] 

Stoeberhinus 

testacea Butler, 1881 

Family PAPILIONIDAE 

Papilio 

exclamationis Fabricius, 1775; ladon Cramer, 1780 

godeffroyi Semper, 1866 

schmeltzi Herrich-Schaeffer, 1869 

Family PIERIDAE 

Anaphaeis 

clarissa Butler, 1883 

vitiensis Fruhstorfer, 1902 

Appias 

albina (Boisduval), 1836 [Pieris] [as paulina ssp.] 

athama (Lucas), 1852 [Pieris]; jacquinotii (Lucas), 1852 [Pieris] [=Appias 

athama] 

Belenois 

java micronesia (Fruhstorfer), 1902 [Pieris] 

Catopsilia 

pomona (Fabricius), 1775 [Papilio] 

pyranthe lactea Butler, 1870 

scylla gorgophone (Boisduval), 1836 [Callidryas] 

Cepora 

nabis (Lucas), 1852 [Pieris] 

perimale perithea (Felder & Felder), 1865 [Pieris] 

Delias 

blanca nausicae Fruhstorfer, 1899 

Eurema 

briggata australis (Wallace), 1867 [Terias] 

hecabe aprica (Butler), 1883 [Terias] 

hecabe hecabe (Linnaeus), 1758 [Papilio] 

hecabe sulphurata (Butler), 1875 [Terias] 

Pieris 

peristhene rapae (Linnaeus), 1758 [Papilio] 

peristhene vitiensis Fruhstorfer, 1902 

227

Family PLUTELLIDAE 

Plutella 

xylostella (Linnaeus), 1758 [Phalaena]; maculipennis (Curtis), 1832 

[Cerostoma] 

Family PSYCHIDAE 

Dappula 

tertius Templeton, 1847 

Melasina 

hemithalama Meyrick, 1935 

Narycia 

ennomopis Meyrick, 1934 

toxophragma Meyrick, 1937 

Themeliotis 

goniozona Meyrick, 1922 

Family PTEROPHORIDAE 

Imbophorus 

aptalis (Walker), 1864 [Aciptilus] 

Macropiratis 

halieutica Meyrick, 1932 

Marasmarcha 

pumilio (Zeller), 1873 [Mimesoptilus] 

Pterophora 

candidalis (Walker), 1864 [Aciptilia] 

endogramma (Meyrick), 1922 [Alucita] 

Sphenarches 

caffer (Zeller), 1852 [Pterophorus] 

Family PYRALIDAE 

Acolastodes 

euryniphas Meyrick, 1934 

oenotripta Meyrick, 1934 

Aeolopetra 

palaeanthes Meyrick, 1934 

Agrioglypta 

eurytusalis Walker, 1859 

228

zelimalis Walker, 1859 

itysalis Walker, 1859 

Alloperissa 

creagraula Meyrick, 1934 

Anydraula 

cyanolitha Meyrick, 1886 

drusiusalis Walker, 1859; drusialis [error for drusiusalis; Lederer, 1863] 

Aphomia 

isodesma (Meyrick), 1886 [Melissoblaptes] 

Aphrophantis 

velifera Meyrick, 1933 

Aulacodes 

nephelanthopa Meyrick, 1934 

Authaeretis 

eridora Meyrick, 1886 

Auxolophotis 

ioxanthias Meyrick, 1933 

cosmophilopis (Meyrick, 1934) 

Blepharomastix 

opsocausta Meyrick, 1934 

Botyodes 

asialis Guenée, 1854 

Bradina 

chalcophaea Meyrick, 1932 

chloroscia (Meyrick, 1886) 

erilitalis (Meyrick, 1886) 

parallela (Meyrick, 1886) 

trispila (Meyrick, 1886) 

Cadra 

cautella (Walker), 1863 [Pempelia] 

Calguia 

hapalanthes (Meyrick), 1932 [Salebria] 

Cataclysta 

cyanolitha (Meyrick), 1886 [Anydraula] 

229

drusialis Walker, 1886 

hexalitha Meyrick, 1886 

Ceratagra 

mitrophora Meyrick, 1932 

Ceratothalama 

argosema Meyrick, 1932 

Citripestis 

pectinicornella (Hampson), 1896 [Myelois] 

Cleticaula 

philographa Meyrick, 1937 

Cnaphalocrocis 

exigua (Butler, 1879) 

poeyalis (Boisduval, 1832) 

suspicalis (Walker, 1859) 

Compsophila 

iocosma Meyrick, 1886 

Conogethes 

punctiferalis (Guenée, 1854) 

Corcyra 

cephalonica (Stainton), 1866 [Melissoblaptes] 

Cryptoblabes 

ardescens (Meyrick), 1929 [Eurhodope] 

gnidiella (Milliere), 1867 [Ephestia] 

plagioleuca Turner, 1904 

sp. near spodopetina Tams [teste Dugdale, 1978] 

trabeata Meyrick, 1932 

Culladia 

paralyticus Meyrick, 1932 

Cydalima 

laticostalis Gruenee, 1854 

Diaphania 

indica Saunders, 1851 

Diasemia 

endoschista Meyrick, 1932 

230

Diasemiopsis 

ramburialis Duponchel, 1854 

Dracaenura 

agramma Meyrick, 1886 

asthenota Meyrick, 1886 

myota Meyrick, 1886 

pelochra Meyrick, 1886 

stenosoma (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) 

Endotricha 

capnospila Meyrick, 1932 

mesenterialis (Walker), 1859 [Doththa] 

puncticostalis (Walker), 1866 [Rhisina] 

Ephestia 

elutella (Hübner), 1796 [Tinea] 

Etiella 

behrii (Zeller), 1848 [Pempelia] 

drososcia Meyrick, 1929 

grisea Hampson, 1903 

Eumaragma 

orthiopis Meyrick, 1933 

Eurhodope 

holocapna Meyrick, 1932 

xanthosperma Meyrick, 1934 

Eurrhyparodes 

bracteolalis (Zeller, 1852) 

tricoloralis (Zeller, 1852) 

Eurytorna 

heterodoxa Meyrick, 1886 

Glaucocharis 

bathrogramma (Meyrick, 1933) 

simmondsi (Gaskin, 1974) 

Glyphodes 

caesalis Walker, 1859 

cymocraspeda (Meyrick, 1932) 

multilinealis Kenrick, 1907 

stolalis Guenée, 1854 

231

Haritalodes 

derogata (Fabricius, 1775) 

Hellula 

undalis (Fabricius, 1781) 

Herculia 

fuscicostalis (Snellen van Vollenhoven), 1880 [Asopia] 

imbecilis (Moore), 1885 [Pyralis] 

Herpetogramma 

licarsisalis (Walker, 1859) 

rudis (Warren, 1892) 

Homoeosoma 

cataphaea Meyrick, 1886 

hypogypsa Meyrick, 1932 

symmicta Meyrick, 1932 

tepida Meyrick, 1932 

Hoploscopa 

astrapias Meyrick, 1886 

Hyalobathra 

unicolor (Waker, 1859) 

xanthocrossa Meyrick, 1932 

Hydriris 

ornatalis (Duponchel, 1832) 

Hylopercna 

seribolax Meyrick, 1934 

Hymenoptychis 

sordida Zeller, 1852 

Hypantidium 

albicostale (Walker), 1863 [Assara] 

Leucophotis 

pulchra Butler, 1886 

Lipararchis 

hyacinthopa Meyrick, 1934 

Locastra 

232

ardua Swinhoe, 1902; drucei Bethune-Baker, 1905 

Macarataera 

hesperis Meyrick, 1886 

Maruca 

vitrata (Fabricius, 1787) 

Maxillaria 

diaconopa Meyrick, 1934 

Meroctena 

staintonii Lederer, 1863 

Nacoleia 

allocosma (Meyrick, 1886) 

octasema (Meyrick, 1866) 

Nephopteryx 

exotypa Meyrick, 1933 

porphyrocapna Meyrick, 1932 

Noorda 

blitealis Walker, 1859 

Omiodes 

diemenalis (Guenée, 1854) 

leucostrepta (Meyrick, 1886) 

Pagyda 

tremula Meyrick 

Palpita 

spilogramma (Meyrick, 1934) 

spinosa Clayton, 2008 

vitiensis Clayton, 2008 

Paramaxillaria 

diaconopa Meyrick, 1934 

Parapoynx 

fluctuosalis Zeller, 1852 

stagnalis Zeller, 1852 

polydectalis (Walker, 1859) 

villidalis (Walker, 1859) 

Parotis 

233

atlitalis (Walker, 1859) 

marginata (Hampson, 1893) 

marinata (Fabricius, 1784) 

niphopepla (Meyrick, 1933) 

suralis (Lederer, 1863) 

Piletocera 

argopis (Meyrick, 1886) 

chlorura (Meyrick, 1887) 

melanauges (Meyrick, 1886) 

nasonia Meyrick, 1933 

ochrosema (Meyrick, 1886) 

pseudadelpha (Meyrick, 1887) 

signiferalis (Wallengren, 1860) 

ulophanes (Meyrick, 1886) 

Pilocrocis 

eriomorpha Meyrick, 1933 

stephanorma Meyrick, 1934 

Platycrates 

gypsopeda Meyrick, 1932 

Pleuroptya 

sabinusalis (Walker, 1859) 

Prodelophanes 

eucharis Meyrick, 1937 

Prophantis 

adusta Inoue, 1986 

Pseudonoorda 

metalloma (Lower, 1903) 

Pycnarmon 

cribrata (Fabricius, 1794) 

Pyralis 

compsobathra Meyrick, 1932 

manihotalis Guenée, 1854 

pictalis (Curtis, 1834) 

Rehimena 

infundibulalis (Snellen, 1882) 

Rhinaphe 

234

nigricostalis (Walker), 1863 [Trachonitis] 

Salebria 

eomichla Meyrick, 1934 

Sameodes 

cancellalis (Zeller, 1880) 

Scirpophaga 

nivella (Fabricius, 1794) 

Scoparia 

orthioplecta Meyrick, 1937 

Spatulipalpia 

leucomichla Meyrick, 1934 

sideritis Meyrick, 1934 

Spoladea 

recurvalis (Fabricius, 1782) 

Stemorrhages 

oceanitis (Meyrick, 1886) 

Sufetula 

hemiophthalma (Meyrick, 1884) 

Syntonarcha 

iriastis Meyrick, 1890 

Tatobotys 

biannulalis (Walker, 1866) 

Terastia 

subjectalis Lederer, 1863 

Thalamorrhyncha 

isoneura Meyrick, 1933 

zalorrhoa (Meyrick), 1934 [Hypaulacistis] 

Thialella 

escigera (Meyrick), 1932 [Phalobathra] 

rhodoptila Meyrick, 1932 

Tiratha 

bachionophthalma Meyrick, 1934 

complexa (Butler), 1885 [Harpagoneura] 

235

epichthonia Meyrick, 1937 

trichogramma (Meyrick), 1886 [Heteromicta] 

Tornocometis 

chrysospila Meyrick, 1934 

Trigamozeucta 

radiciformis Meyrick, 1937 

Trisson 

calathraea Meyrick, 1934 

leucosymbola Meyrick, 1932 

Uresiphita 

polygonalis (Dennis and Schiffermuller, 1775) 

Vitessa 

vitialis Hampson, 1906 

Xanthopsamma 

homaloxantha (Meyrick, 1933) 

Family SATURNIIDAE 

Opodiphthera 

eucalypti (Scott), 1864 [Antheraea] 

Family SPHINGIDAE 

Agrius 

convolvuli (Linnaeus), 1758 [Sphinx] 

Cephonodes 

armatus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 

Daphnis 

placida torenia Druce, 1882 

Gnathothlibus 

erotus eras (Boisduval), 1832 [Deilephila] 

Hippotion 

celerio (Linnaeus), 1758 [Sphinx] 

scrofa (Boisduval), 1832 [Deilephila] 

velox (Fabricius), 1793 [Sphinx] 

Macroglossum 

corythus Walker, 1856; cyniris Boisduval, 1875 

godeffroyi (Butler), 1882 [Rhamphoschisma] 

236

hirundo samoanum Rothschild & Jordan, 1906 

hirundo vitiense Rothschild & Jordan, 1903 

Psilogramma 

jordana Bethune-Baker, 1905 

Theretra 

nessus albata Fukuda, 2003 

nessus nessus (Drury), 1773 [Sphinx] 

pinastrina intersecta (Butler), 1875 [Chaerocampa] 

Family THYRIDIDAE 

Banisia 

anthina bella Whalley, 1976 

myrtaea (Drury), 1773 [Phalaena] 

Hypolamprus 

hemicycla (Meyrick), 1886 [Siculodes] 

Kanshizela 

hemicycla (Meyrick, 1886) 

Morova 

subfasciata Walker, 1865 

Rhodoneura 

anticalis (Walker), 1866 [Pyralis] 

sericatalis Rebel, 1915 

Striglina 

navigatorum (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1874) 

scitaria Walker, 1862 

superior (Butler), 1887 [Sonagara] 

Family TINEIDAE 

Aeolarchis 

sphenotoma Meyrick, 1935 

Anastathma 

callichrysa Meyrick, 1886 

Anemerarcha 

entomaula Meyrick, 1937 

Catalectis 

drosoptila Meyrick, 1924 

pharetropa Meyrick, 1920 

237

ptilozona Meyrick, 1923 

Clepticodes 

clasmatica Meyrick, 1934 

Crypsithyrodes 

concolorella (Walker), 1863 [Tinea]; obumbrata (Butler), 1881 

[Blabophanes] 

Dryadaula 

terpsichorella (Busck), 1910 [Cyane] 

tetraglossa (Meyrick), 1920 [Diachlastis] 

Erechthias 

dissepta Meyrick, 1931 

fibrivora (Meyrick), 1933 [Decadarchis] 

flavistriata (Walsingham), 1907 [Ereunetis] 

glyphidaula (Meyrick), 1933 [Amphisyncentris] 

heterogramma (Meyrick), 1921 [Decadarchis] 

minuscula (Walsingham), 1897 [Ereunetis] 

psammaula (Meyrick), 1921 [Decadarchis] 

simulans (Butler), 1882 [Tinea]; melanastra (Meyrick), 1886 [Decadarchis] 

sisyranthes (Meyrick), 1930 [Decadarchis] 

sphenacma Meyrick, 1926; citrogramma (Meyrick), 1931 [Decadarchis] 

subridens (Meyrick), 1923[Decadarchis] 

zebrina (Butler), 1881 [Argyresthria] 

Monopis 

pentadisca Meyrick, 1924 

stichomela Lower, 1900 

Opogona 

allaini Clarke, 1971 

amblyxena Meyrick, 1920 

aurisquamosa (Butler), 1881 [Argyresthia] 

citrinodes (Meyrick), 1922 [Hieroxestis] 

dimidiatella Zeller, 1853 

hapalopa (Meyrick), 1922 [Hieroxestis] 

regressa Meyrick, 1916 

Pherooe 

caverna (Meyrick), 1924 [Tinea] 

Proterospastis 

wainimbuka Robinson, 1980 

Setomorpha 

238

utella Zeller, 1852 

Tinea 

chlorospora Meyrick, 1924 

Tiquadra 

maculata (Meyrick), 1886 [Cyathaula] 

Trachycentra 

calamias Meyrick, 1886 

chlorogramma Meyrick, 1907 

Triadogona 

amphileucota Meyrick, 1937 

Trichophaga 

abruptella (Wollaston), 1858 [Tinea] 

Family TORTRICIDAE 

Adoxophyes 

fasciculana (Walker), 1866 [Tortrix]; cyrtosema Meyrick, 1886 

privatana (Walker), 1863 [Dichelia] 

Ancylis 

charisema Meyrick, 1934 

Aphrozestis 

scoriopa Meyrick, 1931 

Argyroploce 

immanis (Meyrick), 1886 [Carpocapsa] 

Bactra 

blepharopis Meyrick, 1911 

Capua 

endocypha Meyrick, 1931 

Crocidosema 

plebejana Zeller, 1847 

Cryptophlebia 

illepida (Butler), 1882 [Teras] 

ombrodelta (Lower), 1898 [Arctophora]; lasiandra (Meyrick), 1909 

[Argyroploce] 

pallifimbriata Bradley, 1953 

repletana Walker, 1863 

239

hynchias Meyrick, 1905 

sp. near amblyona Clarke [teste Dugdale, 1978] 

vitiensis Bradley, 1953 

Diactenis 

orthometalla (Meyrick), 1922 [Cancanodes] 

Dudua 

aprobola (Meyrick), 1886 [Eccopsis] 

Eucosma 

baryphragma Meyrick, 1937 

defensa Meyrick, 1922 

eumarodes Meyrick, 1924 

Gnathmocerodes 

lecythocera (Meyrick), 1937 [Argyroploce] 

Heleanna 

physalodes (Meyrick), 1926 [Acroclita] 

Lobesia 

orthomorpha (Meyrick), 1928 

rhipidoma (Meyrick), 1925 [Polychrosis] 

Olethreutes 

anaprobola (Bradley), 1953 [Argyroploce] 

ancosema (Meyrick), 1932 [Argyroploce] 

pachypleura Meyrick, 1924 [Argyroploce] 

Psegmatica 

pachnostola Meyrick, 1930 

Pteridoporthis 

euryloxa Meyrick, 1937 

Spilonota 

cryptogramma Meyrick, 1922 

Statherotis 

ancosema Meyrick, 1932 

Strepsicrates 

ejectana (Walker), 1863 [Sciaphila]; holotephras (Meyrick), 1924 

[Spilonota] 

glaucothoe (Meyrick), 1927 [Spilonota] 

240

Tortrix 

leucocharis Meyrick, 1933 

Trymalitis 

cataracta Meyrick, 1907 

optima Meyrick, 1911; macarista Meyrick, 1934 

Xenothictis 

atriflora Meyrick, 1930 

melananchis (Meyrick), 1933 [Tortrix] 

Family URANIIDAE 

Epiplema 

cretosa Swinhoe, 1902 

simmondsi Robinson, 1975 

Phazaca 

cythera (Swinhoe, 1902) 

nakula Clayton, 2002 

yasawa (Robinson, 1975) 

Urapteroides 

anerces (Meyrick), 1886 [Strophidia] 

hermaea (Druce), 1888 [Micronia] 

Family YPONOMEUTIDAE 

Atteva 

aleatrix Meyrick, 1922 

Bedellia 

somnulentella Zeller, 1847; ipomoeae Bradley, 1953 

Callithrinca 

niphopyrrha Meyrick, 1927 

Caminophantis 

mystolitha Meyrick, 1933 

Prays 

citri Millière, 1873 

Family ZYGANEIDAE 

Heteropan 

dolens Druce, 1888 

Levuana 

iridescens Bethune-Baker, 1906 

241

ORDER MANTODEA 

MANTIDAE 

Hierodula 

fuscescens Blanchard, 1853 

Sphodropoda 

tristis Brunner in Saussure, 1871 

Tenodera 

australasiae (Leach), 1814 [Mantis] 

ORDER NEUROPTERA 

Family CHRYSOPIDAE 

Mallada 

nesophila (Navás), 1920 [Chrysopa] 

sanvitoresi (Navás), 1914 [Chrysopa] 

Family CONIOPTERYGIDAE 

Spiloconis 

fijiensis Meinander, 1990 

Family HEMEROBIIDAE 

Psectra 

pretiosa (Banks), 1909 [Notiobiella] 

Micromus 

timidus Hagen, 1853 

navigatorum Brauer, 1867 

Noius 

oceanicus Navás, 1929 

Notiobiella 

fulva (Ebsen-Peterson), 1928 [Buxtonia] 

Family MYRMELEONTIDAE 

Dictyoleon 

nervosus Esben-Petersen, 1923; triseriatus (Banks), 1924 [Weeleus] 

Distoleon 

subpunctulatus (Brauer), 1869 [Formicaleo] 

Eidoleon 

bistrigatus Rambur, 1842 [Distoleon] 

242

Family SISYRIDAE 

Sisyra 

palmata New, 1984 

ORDER ODONATA 

Family AESCHNIDAE 

Anaciaeschna 

jaspidea (Burmeister), 1839 [Aeschna] 

Family AGRIONIDAE 

Agriocnemis 

exsudans Selys, 1877; vitiensis Tillyard, 1924 

salomonis Lieftinck, 1949 [from NMNH collection; validity not confirmed] 

Ischnura 

aurora (Brauer), 1865 [Agrion] 

heterosticta (Burmeister), 1839 [Agrion] 

Melanesobasis 

corniculata corniculata Tillyard, 1924 [Nesobasis] 

corniculata marginata Donnelly, 1984 

flavilabris (Sélys-Longchamps), 1891 [Agrion] 

maculosa Donnelly, 1984 

mcleani Donnelly, 1984 

prolixa Donnelly, 1984 

simmondsi (Tillyard), 1924 [Nesobasis] 

Nesobasis 

angulicollis Tillyard, 1924; subhumeralis Tillyard, 1924 

aurantiaca Tillyard, 1924 

brachycerca Tillyard, 1924 

caerulecaudata Donnelly, 1990 

caerulescens Donnelly, 1990 

campioni Tillyard, 1924 

comosa Tillyard, 1924 

erythrops (Sélys-Longchamps), 1891 [Agrion] 

flavifrons Donnelly, 1990 

flavostigma Donnelly, 1990 

heteroneura Tillyard, 1924 

ingens Donnelly, 1990 

leveri Kimmins, 1943 

longistyla (Sélys-Longchamps), 1891 [Agrion] 

malcolmi Donnelly, 1990 

monticola Donnelly, 1990 

nigrostigma (Sélys-Longchamps), 1891 [Agrion] 

243

pedata Donnelly, 1990 

recava Donnelly, 1990 

rufostigma Donnelly, 1990 

selysi Tillyard, 1924 

telegastrum (Sélys-Longchamps), 1891 [Agrion] 

pacificum Tillyard, 1924 

Family HEMICORDULIIDAE 

Hemicordulia 

tau Selys, 1871 

Procordulia 

irregularis Martin, 1907 

Family LESTIDAE 

Indolestes 

vitiensis (Tillyard), 1924 [Austrolestes] 

Family LIBELLULIDAE 

Diplacodes 

bipunctata (Brauer), 1865 [Libellula]; novaezealandiae (Selys), 1871 

[Cordulia] 

trivialis (Rambur), 1842 [Libellula] 

Hypothemis 

hageni Karsch, 1889 

Lathrecista 

asiatica (Fabricius), 1798 [Libellula] 

Orthetrum 

sabina (Drury), 1770 [Libellula] 

serapia Watson, 1984 

Pantala 

flavescens (Fabricius), 1798 [Pantala] 

Procordulia 

irregularis Martin, 1907 

Rhyothemis 

dispar Brauer, 1867 

Tramea 

limbata (Desjardins), 1835 [Libellula] 

Trapezostigma 

244

eurybia (Sélys-Longchamps), 1878 [Tramea] 

transmarina (Brauer), 1867 [Tramea]; propinqua (Lieftinck), [Tramea] 

Family SYNTHEMISTIDAE 

Synthemis 

macrostigma macrostigma Selys, 1871 

UNPLACED TO FAMILY 

Mesocera 

annulipes Koch in Schmeltz, 1874 

ORDER ORTHOPTERA 

Family ACRIDIDAE 

Acrotylus 

junodi aureus Knipper & Kevan, 1954 

Aiolopus 

thalassinus Fabricius, 1781 [Gryllus]; tamulus Fabricius, 1798 [Gryllus] 

Austracris 

guttulosa (Walker), 1870 [Cyrtacanthacris]; illepida Walker), 1870 

[Cyrtacanthacris] 

Cyrtacanthacris 

vittaticollis (Stål), 1877 [Acridium] 

sp. [from Bruner, 1916] 

Oedipoda 

liturata Le Guillou, 1841 

Parepistaurus 

zanzibaricus rufijanus Kevan & Knipper, 1961 

Family ENEOPTERIDAE 

Cardiodactylus 

furcatus (Saussure), 1878 [Anisotrypus] 

gaimardi (Audinet-Serville), 1839 [Platydactylus] 

novaeguineae (De Haan), 1842 [Gryllus] 

Swezwilderia 

suvae Gorochov, 1986 

tshernovi Gorochov, 1986 

Family GRYLLACRIDIDAE 

245

Amphibologryllacris 

dubia (Le Guillou), 1841 [Gryllacris] 

ferruginea (Brunner von Wattenwyl), 1888 [Gryllacris] 

painei (Karny), 1935 [Gryllacris] 

Giganteremus 

spinulosus (Brunner von Wattenwyl), 1888 [Eremus] 

Family GRYLLOIDEA 

Anaxipha 

maritima (Saussure), 1878 [Cyrtoxiphus] 

straminea Saussure, 1878 

Aphonoides 

catastictos Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

depressiusculus (Saussure), 1878 [Aphonus] 

fijiensis (Gorochov), 1990 [Mistshenkoana] 

kadavu Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

namalata Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

perstiges Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

sharovi (Gorochov), 1990 [Mistshenkoana] 

suvae Gorochov, 1986 [Swezwilderia] 

tavuki Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

tshernovi (Gorochov), 1986 [Swezwilderia] 

vitiensis (Saussure), 1878 [Aphonus] 

xylurgos Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Apiotarsus 

gryllacroides Saussure, 1878 

Cardiodactylus 

furcatus (Saussure), 1878 [Anisotrypus] 

novaeguineae (De Haan), 1842 [Acridium] 

Dictyonemobius 

conaros Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

labasa Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

savu Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

trico Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Fijina 

savu Otte, 1988 

viti Otte, 1988 

Fijixipha 

atalos Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

batia Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

246

configens Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

exuros Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

harpeza Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

inaudax Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

naitasiri Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

penita Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

titilans Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

valens Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

xipheres Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Hydropeteticus 

vitiensis Miall & Gilson, 1902 

Kadavuxipha 

soladamu Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Levuxipha 

viticola Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Metioche 

insularis (Saussure), 1878 [Homoeoxiphus] 

Minutixipha 

exenios Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Modicogryllus 

nandi Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

vaturu Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

volivoli Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Nausorixipha 

dogotuki Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

euthetos Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

fulva (Saussure), 1878 [Cyrtoxiphus] 

nakubalevu Otte & Cowper, 2007 

navai Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

viti Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Oecanthus 

rufescens Audinet-Serville, 1839; gracilis De Haan, 1842 [Gryllus]; 

lineatus Walker, 1869 

Phaloria 

eugeris Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

galoa Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

heterotrypoides Gorochov, 1999 

tripartita (Saussure), 1878 [Heterotrypus] 

247

Pteronemobius 

luzonicus (Bolivar), 1889 [Nemobius] 

ornaticeps Chopard, 1925 

Savuxipha 

tromodes Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Tavukixipha 

devo Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Teleogryllus 

oceanicus (Le Guillou),1841 [Gryllus]; innotabilis (Walker), 1869 [Gryllus] 

marini Otte & Alexander, 1983 

Thetella 

tarnis Otte & Alexander, 1983 

Trigonidium 

flavipes Saussure, 1878 

inopinum Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Vanuaxipha 

adamatos Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

dendraicos Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

eteni Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

koroni Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

perfixa Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

tricosa Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

xylicos Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Veisarixipha 

waivudawa Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Vitixipha 

axios Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

bua Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

chlora Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

kilaka Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

peracta Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

vuda Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Vudaxipha 

kokabula Otte & Cowper in Otte, 2007 

Family GRYLLOTALPIDAE 

Gryllotalpa 

248

africana Palisot de Beauvois, 1805 

Family LOCUSTIDAE 

Locusta 

migratoria (Linnaeus), 1758 [Gryllus]; australis (Saussure), 1884 

[Pachytylus]; danica Linnaeus [misidentification] 

Family MOGOPLISTIDAE 

Arachnocephalus 

maritimus Saussure, 1877 

Ornebius 

leai Chopard, 1951 

novarae (Saussure), 1877 [Liphoplus] 

Family MYRMECOPHILIDAE 

Myrmecophilus 

hebardi Mann, 1920 

Family PODOSCRITIDAE 

Gryllaphonus 

striatipennis Chopard, 1951 

Hemiphonus 

vittatus Saussure, 1878 

Madasumma 


Mnesibulus 

bicolor (De Haan), 1842 [Gryllus] 


Mundu 

insularis (Saussure), 1878 [Podoscritus] 

Family PYRGOMORPHIDAE 

Fijipyrgus 

gracilis Kevan, 1966; secundus Willemse, 1968 

Family TETRIGIDAE 

Amphinotus 

abbreviatus (Bolivar), 1887 [Mazarredia] 

Paratettix 

feejeeanus Bruner, 1916 

pullus Bolivar, 1887 

249

Salomonotettix 

godeffroyi (Günther), 1939 [Eurymorphopus] 

Thyrsus 

tiaratus Bolivar, 1887 

Family TETTIGONIIDAE 

Acauloplacella 

oceanica (Pictet & Saussure), 1892 [Tympanoptera] 

Conocephalus 

modestus (Redtenbacher), 1891 [Xiphidium] 

oceanicus (Le Guillou), 1841 [Xiphidion]; affinis Redtenbacher, 1891 

[Xiphidium] 

Diaphlebus 

bivittatus Redtenbacher, 1892 

brevivaginatus Karsch, 1891 

marmoratus Redtenbacher, 1892 

Euconocephalus 

lineatipes (Bolivar), 1890 [Conocephalus] 

australis (Bolivar), 1884 [Conocephalus] 

Furnia 

incerta (Brunner von Wattenwyl), 1878 [Anaulacomera] 


malaya Stål, 1876 

Hexacentrus 

australis Redtenbacher, 1891 

Ityocephala 

nigrostrigata (Walker), 1871 [Pseudophyllus]; falcata Redtenbacher, 1892 

Neodiaphlebus 

uniformis (Brunner von Wattenwyl), 1898 [Diaphlebus] 

Neophisis 

echinata (Redtenbacher), 1891 [Teuthra] 

Oceaniphisis 

forficata Jin in Jin & Kevan, 1992 

Ocica 

lineata (Redtenbacher), 1892 [Elaeoptera] 

250

lutescens Walker, 1869 

nitida (Redtenbacher), 1892 [Elaeoptera] 

Phisis 

rapax (Redtenbacher), 1891 [Teuthra] 

Pseudorhynchus 

lessoni Audinet-Serville, 1839; extensor (Walker), 1869 [Conocephalus] 

Salomona 

antennata Redtenbacher, 1891 

brongniarti Brunner, 1898 

marmorata (Blanchard), 1853 [Acanthodis] 

rugifrons (Walker), 1869 [Agraecia] 

saussurei Brongniart, 1897 

suturalis Redtenbacher, 1891 

ORDER PHASMIDA 

Family PHYLLIDAE 

Chitoniscus 

feejeeanus (Westwood), 1864 [Phyllium]; novae-brittanniae (Wood- 

Mason), 1877 [Phyllium] 

lobipes Redtenbacher, 1906 

lobiventris (Blanchard), 1853 [Phyllium] 

Phyllium 

geryon Gray, 1843 

Family PHASMATIDAE 

Arphax 

australis (Charpentier), 1845 [Bacillus] 

Cotylosoma 

dipneusticum (Wood-Mason), 1878 [Nisyrus] 

Ctenomorpha 

chronus (Gray), 1833 [Diura] 

Graeffea 

crouani (Le Guillou), 1841 [Bacillus] 

lifuensis Sharp,1898 

minor Brunner von Wattenwyl in Graeffe, 1868 

Hermarchus 

appolonius (Westwood), 1859 [Phibalosoma]; pythonius (Westwood), 1859 

[Phibalosoma] 

251

differens Redtenbacher, 1908 

inermis Redtenbacher, 1908 

virga Redtenbacher, 1908 

Lopaphus 

cocophagea (Newport), 1844 [Alophus]; purpuripennis (Brunner von 

Wattenwyl in Graeffe), 1868 [Graeffea]; fulvescens (Saussure), 1869 

[Graeffea] 

Megacrania 

phelaus (Westwood), 1859 [Platycrania] 

Nisyrus 

amphibius Stål, 1877 

carlottae (Macgillavry), 1860 [Prisopus] 

spinulosus Stål, 1877 

Pachymorpha 

simplicipes Audinet-Serville, 1838 

Podacanthus 

typhon Gray, 1833 

Pterobrimus 

depressus Redtenbacher, 1906 

Xeroderus 

insignis Brunner von Wattenwyl [from Schmeltz, 1877; 1879] 

ORDER PHTHIRAPTERA 

Family GONIODIDAE 

Goniodes 

dissimilis Denny, 1842 

Family HAEMATOPINIDAE 

Haematopinus 

eurysternus (Nitzsch), 1818 [Pediculus] 

suis adventitius Neumann, 1911 [as suis ssp.] 

urius (Nitzsch), 1818 [Pediculus] 

Family LIPEURIDAE 

Cuclotogaster 

heterographus (Nitzsch in Giebel), 1866 [Lipeurus] 

Family MENOPONIDAE 

Actornithophilus 

252

incisus (Piaget), 1880 [Colpocephalum] 

Austromenoponon 

atrofulvum (Piaget), 1880 [Menopon] 

paululum (Kellogg & Chapman), 1899 [Menopon] 

Coplocephalum 

angulaticeps Piaget, 1880 

Kurodaia 

subpachygaster (Piaget), 1880 [Colpocephalum] 

Menopon 

gallinae (Linnaeus), 1758 [Pediculus]; trigonocephalum (Olfers), 1816 

[Nirmus] 

Myrsidea 

pachycephalae Palma & Klockenhoff, 1988 

sp. 1 [R. Palma, in litt.; from MONZ Collection] 

sp. 2 [R. Palma, in litt.; from MONZ Collection] 

Family PEDICULIDAE 

Pediculus 

humanus capitis De Geer, 1778 

humanus humanus Linnaeus, 1758 

vestimenti Nitzsch, 1818 

Family PHILOPTERIDAE 

Brueelia 

sp. [R. Palma, in litt.; from MONZ Collection] 

Halipeurus 

(Halipeurus) 

sp. [Watling, 1986] 

Pectinopygus 

gracilicornis (Piaget), 1880 [Lipeurus] 

Quadraceps 

separatus (Kellogg & Kuwana), 1902 [Nirmus] 

Saemundssonia 

(Puffinoecus) 

sp. [Watling, 1986] 

Saemundssonia 

(Saemundssonia) 

253

laticaudata (Rudow), 1869 [Docophorus] 

sternae (Linnaeus), 1758 [Pediculus] 

Trabeculus 

hexakon (Waterston), 1914 [Giebelia] 

Family PTHIRIDAE 

Pthirus 

pubis Linnaeus, 1758; inguinalis Leach, 1815 

Family RICINIDAE 

Ricinus 

sp. [R. Palma, in litt.; from MONZ Collection] 

Family TRICHODECTIDAE 

Bovicola 

caprae (Gurlt), 1843 [Trichodectes]; climax (Nitzsch in Giebel), 1861 

[Damalinia] 

ORDER PSOCOPTERA 

Family CAECILIIDAE 

Caecilius 

annus Thornton, 1981 

casarum Badonnel, 1931 

niumatus Thornton, 1981 

novoguineensis Enderlein, 1903 

Family ECTOPSOCIDAE 

Ectopsocus 

denervus Thornton & Wong, 1968 

fullaway Enderlein, 1913 

furcatus Tornton & Wong, 1968 

myrmecophilus Enderlein, 1903 

ornatoides Thornton & Wong, 1968 

perkinsi Banks, 1931 

spilotus Thorton & Wong, 1968 

uncinatus Thornton & Wong, 1968 

Family LEPIDOPSOCIDAE 

Cryptophania 

hirsuta Banks, 1931 

marginata Thornton, Lee & Chui, 1972 

Echmepteryx 

lunulata Thornton, Lee & Chui, 1972 

madagascariensis (Kolbe), 1885 [Thylax] 

254

vitiensis Thornton, 1981 

Lepidopsocus 

cinctus Thornton, 1981 

cuneatus Thornton, 1981 

delius Thornton, 1981 

dindus Thornton, 1981 

fasciatus Thornton, 1981 

fuscus Thornton, 1981 

maculatus Thornton, Lee & Chui, 1972 

major Thornton, 1981 

marmoratus (Banks), 1931 [Echmepteryx] 

nausoriensis Thornton, 1981 

oweni Thornton, 1981 

pelmus Thornton, 1981 

pictus Thornton, 1981 

pretiosus (Banks), 1942 [Echmepteryx] 

pseudomaculatus Thornton, 1981 

ruptus Thornton, 1981 

samus Thornton, 1981 

savuensis Thornton, 1981 

tibialis Thornton, 1981 

torus Thornton, 1981 

Nepticulomima 

lusiae Thornton, 1981 

Family MYOPSOCIDAE 

Lichenomima 

muscosa (Enderlein), 1906 [Myopsocus] 

Myopsocus 

medialis Thornton, 1981 

Phlotodes 

alticola Thornton, 1981 

ascoides Thornton, 1981 

bipunctatus Thornton, 1981 

graptus Thornton, 1981 

napuka Thornton, 1981 

palauensis (Thornton, Lee & Chui), 1972 [Myopsocus] 

punctatoides Thornton, 1981 

reptus Thornton, 1981 

zimmermani Thornton, 1981 

sp. [from Thornton, 1981] 

Family PACHYTROCTIDAE 

255

Tapinella 

levuka Thornton, 1981 

tuila Thornton, 1981 

Family PERIPSOCIDAE 

Peripsocus 

ferrugineus Thornton & Wong, 1968 

paulianai Badonnel, 1949 

similis Enderlein, 1903 

Family PHILOTARSIDAE 

Aaroniella 

guttulata (Banks), 1916 [Caecilius] 

pterosoma Thornton, 1981 

Haplophallus 

trepticus Thornton & Smithers, 1974 

Family PSEUDOCAECILIDAE 

Heterocaelius 

albicrus Thornton, 1981 

apicalis Thornton, 1981 

dardanus Lee & Thornton, 1967 

greenwoodi (Karny), 1926 [Pseudocaecilius] 

panicus Lee & Thornton, 1967 

pictus Thornton, 1981 

simplex Lee & Thornton, 1967 

tectus Thornton, 1981 

veitchi (Karny), 1926 [Pseudocaecilius] 

volatus Lee & Thornton, 1967 

Lobocaecilius 

nigrens Lee & Thronton, 1967 

vanuensis Thornton, 1981 

Pseudocaecilius 

criniger (Perkins), 1899 [Elipsocus] 

marshalli Karny, 1926 

Pseudoscotiella 

loma Thornton, 1981 

Family PSOCIDAE 

Ptycta 

bebea Thornton, 1981 

collina Thornton, 1981 

dispersa Thornton, 1981 

256

mara Thornton, 1981 

marostica Thornton, 1981 

natewa Thornton, 1981 

sitivana Thornton, 1981 

tora Thornton, 1981 

vitiensis (Karny), 1926 [Psocus] 

ORDER SIPHONAPTERA 

Family PULICIDAE 

Ctenocephalides 

felis (Bouché), 1835 [Pulex] 

Echidnophaga 

gallinacea Westwood, 1875 [Sarcopsyllus] 

Family XENOPSYLLA 

cheopis Rothschild, 1903 [Pulex] 

ORDER STREPSIPTERA 

Family DIPTEROPHAGIDAE 

Dipterophagus 

daci Drew & Alwood, 1985 

Family STYLOPIDAE 

Elenchus 

perkinsi (Pierce), 1909 (Elenchoides) 

Stichotrema 

capito Kifune & Hirashima, 1989 

fijiense Kifune & Hirashima, 1989 

ORDER THYSANOPTERA 

Family AEOLOTHRIPIDAE 

Franklinothrips 

vespiformis (Crawford), 1909 [Aeolothrips] 

Family PHLAEOTHRIPIDAE 

Acallurothrips 

latus Moulton, 1944 

Adelphothrips 

novioris (Moulton), 1944 [Gynaikothrips] 

257

Aleurodothrips 

fasciapennis (Franklin), 1908 [Cryptothrips] 

Austrothrips 

vanuaensis Moulton, 1944 

Bamboosiella 

cingulatus (Hood), 1919 [Zygothrips] 

Campulothrips 

gracilis Moulton, 1944 

Carientothrips 

fijiensis (Moulton), 1944 [Bolothrips] 

Diaphorothrips 

hamipes Karny, 1923 

kraussi Sakimura, 1979 

Dichaetothrips 

setidens (Moulton), 1928 [Mesothrips] 

Dimorphothrips 

idoliceps (Karny), 1925 [Chaelothrips] 

Ecacanthothrips 

leai Moulton, 1947 

Ethirothrips 

angusticornis (Bagnall), 1924 [Mesothrips]; hibisci (Moulton & 

Steinweden), 1933 [Neoheegeria]; latus fijiensis (Moulton), 1944 

[Cryptothrips]; longus (Moulton), 1944 [Neoheegeria] 

fijiensis (Moulton), 1944 [Paracryptothrips] 

inermis (Moulton), 1944 [Paracryptothrips] 

stenomelas (Walker), 1859 [Phlaeothrips] 

Gluphothrips 

varicolor Moulton, 1944 

Gynaikothrips 

abnormis Moulton, 1944 

armatus Moulton, 1944 

claripes Moulton, 1944 

fuscus Moulton, 1944 [homonym] 

fuscus Moulton, 1944 [Parateuchothrips] [homonym] 

magnafemora Moulton, 1944 

258

magnus Moulton, 1944 

Haplothrips 

gowdyei (Franklin), 1908 [Anthothrips]; soror Schmutz, 1913 

pallescens (Hood), 1919 [Zygothrips] 

Holothrips 

zimmermani (Moulton), 1944 [Ischnothrips] 

Hoplothrips 

fijiensis Moulton, 1944 

Horistothrips 

claruspilus Moulton, 1944 

fuscus Moulton, 1944 

magnafemora Moulton, 1944 

Karnyothrips 

flavipes (Jones), 1912 [Anthothrips] 

melaleuca (Bagnall), 1911 [Hindsania] 

Leeuwenia 

spinosus Moulton, 1944; fijiensis Moulton, 1944 

Liothrips 

tenuicornis (Moulton), 1944 [Gynaikothrips] 

urichi Karny, 1923 

Lissothrips 

flavitibia Moulton, 1944 

Macrophthalmothrips 

gracilis Moulton, 1944 

Mastigothrips 

fuscus (Moulton), 1944 [Chelaeothrips] 

Neosmerithothrips 

fijiensis (Moulton), 1944 [Gastrothrips] 

fructuum Schmutz, 1913 

Nesothrips 

brevicollis (Bagnall), 1914 [Oedemothrips]; formosensis karnyi Priesner, 

1935 [Neosmerinthothrips]; formosensis Priesner, 1935 

[Neosmerinthothrips] 

fodinae Mound, 1974 

leveri (Mound), 1974 [Rhaebothrips] 

259

nigrisetis (Sakimura), 1972 [Rhaebothrips] 

propinquus (Bagnall), 1916 [Oedemothrips] 

Oidanothrips 

magnus Moulton, 1944 

Phlaeothrips 

flavitibia Moulton, 1944 

fuscus Moulton, 1944 [flavitibia ssp.] 

Pygothrips 

mikrommatos (Moulton), 1944 [Diplochelaeothrips] 

postocellaris Okajima, 1990 

Rhaebothrips 

fuscus Moulton, 1942 

major Bagnall, 1928 

Stigmothrips 

russatus (Haga), 1973 [Baphikothrips] 

Strepterothrips 

orientalis Ananthakrishnan, 1964 

Williamsiella 

zaps Mound, 1989 

Family THRIPIDAE 

Anisopilothrips 

venustulus (Priesner), 1923 [Heliothrips] 

Caprithrips 

orientalis Bhatti, 1973 

Chaetanaphothrips 

signipennis (Bagnall), 1914 [Scirtothrips] 

Chirothrips 

ah Girault, 1929 

Dendrothripoides 

innoxius (Karny in Karny & Docteurs van Leeuwen-Reijnvaan), 1914 

[Euthrips] 

Dichromothrips 

corbetti (Priesner), 1936 [Anaphothrips] 

260

Elixothrips 

brevisetus (Bagnall), 1919 [Tryphactothrips] 

Heliothrips 

haeomorrhoidalis (Bouché), 1833 [Thrips] 

Megalurothrips 

distalis (Karny), 1913 [Taeniothrips] 

mucunae (Priesner), 1938 [Taeniothrips] 

mucunae fijiensis (Moulton), 1944 [Taeniothrips] 

typicus Bagnall, 1915 

usitatus (Bagnall), 1913 [Thrips]; longistylus (Karney), 1922 [Taenothrips] 

Microcephalothrips 

abdominalis (Crawford), 1910 [Thrips] 

Phibalothrips 

longiceps (Karny), 1913 [Heliothrips] 

Plesiothrips 

perplexus (Beach), 1897 [Sericothrips] 

Rhamphothrips 

pandens Sakimura, 1983 

Scirtothrips 

inermis Priesner, 1933 

Selenothrips 

rubrocinctus (Giard), 1901 [Physopus] 

Thrips 

cerno Palmer, 1992 

hawaiiensis (Morgan), 1913 [Euthrips] 

imaginis Bagnall, 1926 

kotoshoi (Moulton), 1928 [Taeniothrips] 

malloti Priesner, 1934 

nigropilosus Uzel, 1895 

rapaensis (Moulton), 1939 [Isoneurothrips] 

rhabdotus Sakimura, 1969 

samoaensis (Moulton), 1944 [Taeniothrips] 

tabaci Lindemann, 1888 

ORDER THYSANURA 

Family ATELURIDAE 

Bharatatelura 

261

malabarica Mendes, 1993 

Family LEPISMATIDAE 

Acrotelsa 

sp. [Hinckley, 1963] 

Lepisma 

saccharina Linnaeus, 1758 

ORDER TRICHOPTERA 

Family CALAMOCERATIDAE 

Anisocentropus 

fijianus Banks, 1936 


Triplectides 

pallidus (Banks), 1936 [Notanatolica] 

Family GOERIDAE 

Goera 

abaca Johanson & Oláh, 2008 

fijiana Banks, 1924; vunida Mosely, 1941 

vuda Johanson & Oláh, 2008 

Family LEPTOCERIDAE 

Oecetis 

pulchella (Banks), 1936 [Oecetinella] 

Triaenodes 

dubius Mosely, 1934 

fijianus Mosely, 1941 

manni Banks, 1936 

Triplectides 

magnus (Walker), 1852 

Family HYDROBIOSIDAE 

Apsilochorema 

banksi (Mosely), 1941 [Achorema] 

moselyi Ross, 1951 

zimmermani Ross, 1951 

Family HYDROPSYCHIDAE 

Abacaria 

fijiana (Mosely), 1934 [Hydropsychodes] 

kosova Oláh & Barnard in Oláh, Johanson & Barnard, 2006 

262

moselyi Oláh & Barnard in Oláh, Johanson & Barnard, 2006 

picea (Brauer), 1867 [Hydromanicus] 

robinsoni Oláh & Barnard in Oláh, Johanson & Barnard, 2006 

ruficeps (Brauer), 1867 [Hydromanicus] 

savura Oláh & Barnard in Oláh, Johanson & Barnard, 2006 

wekana Oláh & Barnard in Oláh, Johanson & Barnard, 2006 

Family HYDROPTILIDAE 

Oxyethira 

fijiensis Kelley, 1989 

sp. A [from Haynes, 1999] 

sp. B [from Haynes, 1999] 

Family ODONTOCERIDAE 



Family PHILOPTAMIDAE 

Chimarra 

indigota Mosely, 1941 


nervosa (Brauer), 1867 [Wormaldia] 

obscurella Banks, 1924 

signata Banks, 1936 

Family POLYCENTROPODIDAE 

Polycentropus 

sp. [Brauer, 1867] 

Polyplectropus 

fijianus Banks, 1936 

greenwoodi Mosely, 1941 


ORDER ZORAPTERA 

Family ZOROTYPIDAE 

Zorotypus 

zimmermani Gurney, 1939 

263

3.11 VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 

Plants are the power-house of life on earth. A comprehensive summary of floral exploration 

of Fiji was prepared by A.C. Smith as part of his six-volume series, Flora itiensis Nova 

(Smith, 1979). Despite Fiji being visited as early as 1643 by Abel Tasman, it was not until 

another 200 years later that the first specimens were collected. In 1838, Captain Dumont 

d‘Urville arrived in Fiji waters. Hombron, Jacquinot and Guillou collected plant specimens 

mostly from Ovalau. Specimens from their collections are housed at Paris Herbarium (P), 

with duplicates found in other major international herbaria. Around the time of Dumont 

d‘Urville‘s visit, the United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842) led by Captain Wilkes 

arrived in Fiji and about 600 specimens were said to have been collected (Stanton, 1975). The 

botanist Asa Gray worked on the Fijian as well as other Pacific Islands specimens collected 

by the US Exploring Expedition resulting in a series of published and unpublished works 

(Gray, 1848-1874). 

Other notable collections were made by Hinds and Barclay in 1840 (see publications by Hind 

1842 and Bentham 1846). Also William Henry Harvey visited Fiji in 1855 and collected 

specimens from Vanua Levu. Harvey‘s material was studied by Berthold Carl Seemann. 

Seemann was one of the outstanding contributors to our knowledge on the Fiji flora with his 

publication titled ‗The Flora Vitiensis‘ (Seeman, 1865-1873). During his 

tenure in Fiji, Seemann collected well over 1000 specimens. 

Albert Charles Smith collected Fijian specimens in 1933-1934, with subsequent visits from 

1947-1948, 1953-1954, 1967 and 1969. These resulted in a number of publications including 

Smith (1934, 1935, 1936, 1950, 1979-1991). His modern treatise of the Fiji flora provided the 

baseline for all current research and has proven to be the bible on the plants of Fiji. Another 

notable contribution was made by Bayard Parham who established the Fiji Herbarium 

(SUVA). His work was published by his son John Parham (1964, 1972). Over the years a 

number of researchers had focussed their efforts on specific groups, such as Fuller‘s (1997) 

research on indigenous palms and Bush (1997) on endemic gymnosperms. Tuiwawa (1998) 

carried out tree-forest research at Waisoi, Namosi in the interior of Viti Levu where over 370 

species were identified in an 8 sq km area. The majority of species were native with just over 

half classed as endemics (56%). Watkins (1992) carried out surveys at Nadarivatu and listed 

599 species. Dick Watling published the Palms of the Fiji Islands in 2005, where 31 species 

were illustrated of which 25 were native. 

The most recent review of the floral diversity of Fiji was by Tuiwawa (1998), where 2,530 

vascular plant species were attributed to the Fiji flora. A large proportion of these species 

(63%) were considered native species, of which 56 % were found exclusive to Fiji. The 

remaining flora was introduced species (936 documented cases), of which a third had become 

naturalised. It is suspected that well over 2,000 plant species may have been introduced either 

deliberate or accidental but are not documented. 

Plant species are distributed throughout all known habitats of the Fiji Islands. It is said that 

prior to settlement of the islands, they were covered with closed-canopy forest (Watling, 

2005). Over half of this primary forest remains somewhat intact with varying degree of 

impact or degradation. The lowland rainforest is one area where there has been a lot of 

disturbance due human settlement. This area straddles the coastal region extending upwards 

to about 600 m. Plant species vary from shrubs to trees 30 m tall. The upland rainforest 

occurs above the lowland forests area (above 600 m elevation) and can be categorised as wet 

264

or dry zone. Montane forest is a region where there are abundant epiphytes and is dominated 

by angiosperms. This area is approximately 800 m elevation. The cloud forest is one of the 

moist areas of Fiji‘s forest, with high rainfall. The area is usually occupied by mosses and 

other epiphytic plants. The range varies from 600-900 m elevation. The dry forest occurs in 

drier zones of the country. Although once extensive, it is now occupied by agriculture, 

introduced shrubs and grasslands. The coastal and wetland vegetations include mangrove 

forest, coastal strand vegetation, freshwater wetland vegetation and river vegetation are high 

impact sites mostly from human activities. Other categories for plant distribution are the 

disturbed vegetation and the secondary forest. 

3.11.1 CHECKLIST OF FLORA IN FIJI 

Plant checklists are the most rudimentary form of documenting vegetative life in any area of 

study. Given they are quite diverse in form and structure, one must take heed of the task at 

hand as it requires one of formal botanical training or experience (to say the least) for proper 

and credible accounts of the group/taxa observed or reviewed. As such, the opportunity 

presented is a culmination of notable works undertaken by established botanists who 

dedicated 10-20 + years of their lives studying and formally delineating the floristic 

composition that collectively is unique to Fiji‘s archipelago. Thus, the executive summary is 

based on the ferns and the seed plants of Fiji by Brownlie (1967) and Smith (1979-1991), 

respectively. The tree species and commercial timber species are extracted from Smiths amd 

Brownlie‘s floras. The checklist of other potential ornamentals for Fiji are extracted from A. 

Whistler (1998) in consultation with the Curator of the South Pacific Regional Herbarium. 

Please note, the acronym syn. means synonym. These are plant names that were formally 

used but have become invalid because of findings from recent research. 

Plant is a collective term of reference to what fundamentally is referred to as ferns and seed 

plants. These two groups make up the primary classification in the plant world. Ferns are 

spore reproducing plants that essentially requires an aquatic medium for any chance of 

reproduction. Seed plants obviously are the non-spore bearing group that are by far more 

diverse in form, structure and habitat. The reproductive versatility of seeds allows them to 

opportunistically evolve and adapt to survive various environmental conditions. As such, we 

have seed plants that are scientifically intriguing – e.g. cycads and those that have been 

highlighted as commercially viable – timber tree species. The depth of diversity and 

complexity within these groups is overwhelming and any indications of their wealth will 

most definitely supersede the purpose of this document. Thus, we restrict our knowledge to 

the basics or more so what it is that‘s required of a checklist – these are the scientific names 

of individual species, which are always italicized and then followed by the authority or 

person (s) that discovered them; the formal consignment to their family and also an indication 

whether each species is indigenous, endemic or introduced to the area of interest, in this case 

Fiji. 

265

Table 3.17: Summary to the Flora Classification of Ferns and Seed Plants formally recorded 

for Fiji 

No. of 


Major Plant Groups Plant Group family Family 

species 

Ferns 

Spore producing 

Fern allies 1 Psilotaceae 3 

plants 2 Equisetaceae 1 

3 Lycopodiaceae 14 

4 Selaginellaceae 7 

Ferns 5 Ophioglossaceae 7 

6 Osmundaceae 1 

7 Schizaeaceae 4 

8 Gleicheniaceae 4 

Tree ferns 9 Cyatheaceae 13 

10 Hymenophyllaceae 26 

11 Dennstaedtiaceae 8 

12 Hypolepidaceae 5 

13 Lindsaeaceae 20 

14 Davalliaceae 16 

15 Vittariaceae 34 

16 Aspleniaceae 17 

17 Arthyriaceae 12 

18 Thelypteridaceae 24 

19 Aspidiaceae 38 

20 Lomariopsidaceae 30 

Total Species of 

21 Polypodiaceae 19 

Ferns 304 

Gymnosperm No. of 


Seed Plants s 

family Family 

Species 

1 Cycadaceae 1 

2 Podocarpaceae 9 

3 Araucariaceae 5 

4 Pinaceae 2 

5 Cupressaceae 2 


6 Gnetaceae 1 

Gymnosperms 20 



Seed Plants Angiosperms 

Flowering 

family Family 

Species 

plants 7 Limnocharitaceae 1 

Monocots 8 Alismataceae 1 

9 Hydrocharitaceae 3 

10 Potamogetonaceae 1 

266

11 Ruppiaceae 1 

12 Cymodoceaceae 3 

13 Triuridaceae 1 

14 Liliaceae 4 

15 Alliaceae 2 

16 Agavaceae 8 

17 Amaryllidaceae 5 

18 Philesiaceae 1 

19 Asparagaceae 1 

20 Smilacaceae 1 

21 Dioscoreaceae 5 

22 Taccaceae 2 

23 Pontederiaceae 3 

24 Iridaceae 3 

25 Strelitziaceae 2 

26 Musaceae 8 

27 Heliconiaceae 5 

28 Costaceae 1 

29 Zingiberaceae 17 

30 Cannaceae 1 

31 Marantaceae 3 

32 Orchidaceae 

33 Cyperaceae 44 

34 Bromeliaceae 3 

35 Commelinaceae 6 

36 Flagellariaceae 3 

37 Joinvilleaceae 1 

38 Poaceae 134 

39 Arecaceae 49 

40 Araceae 15 

41 Lemnaceae 1 

42 Pandanaceae 20 

43 Typhaceae 1 

Dicots 44 Degeneriaceae 1 

45 Annonaceae 22 

46 Myristicaceae 6 

47 Aristolochiaceae 2 

48 Piperaceae 16 

49 Peperomiaceae 31 

50 Chloranthaceae 2 

51 Trimeniaceae 1 

52 Monimiaceae 1 

53 Hernandiaceae 3 

54 Lauraceae 37 

267

55 Cassythaceae 1 

56 Gyrocarpaceae 1 

57 Nymphaeaceae 2 

58 Ceratophyllaceae 1 

59 Menispermaceae 1 

60 Ranunculaceae 1 

61 Papaveraceae 1 

62 Ulmaceae 5 

63 Cannabaceae 1 

64 Moraceae 32 

65 Urticaceae 35 

66 Casuarinaceae 3 

67 Balanopaceae 1 

68 Phytolaccaceae 1 

69 Nyctaginaceae 7 

70 Aizoaceae 1 

71 Cactaceae 2 

72 Molluginaceae 1 

73 Caryophyllaceae 1 

74 Portulacaceae 7 

75 Basellaceae 1 

76 Amaranthaceae 13 

77 Chenopodiaceae 1 

78 Polygonaceae 4 

79 Plumbaginaceae 3 

80 Dilleniaceae 2 

81 Ochnaceae 1 

82 Theaceae 3 

83 Saurauiaceae 1 

84 Clusiaceae 18 

85 Elatinaceae 1 

86 Elaeocarpaceae 22 

87 Tiliaceae 12 

88 Sterculiaceae 22 

89 Bombacaceae 2 

90 Malvaceae 26 

91 Euphorbiaceae 110 

92 Gonystylaceae 1 

93 Thymelaeaceae 10 

94 Lecythidaceae 1 

95 Barringtoniaceae 4 

96 Rhizophoraceae 9 

97 Flacourtiaceae 27 

98 Violaceae 4 

268

99 Turneraceae 1 

100 Passifloraceae 8 

101 Bixaceae 1 

102 Cochlospermaceae 1 

103 Cariacaceae 1 

104 Cucurbitaceae 14 

105 Begoniaceae 6 

106 Capparaceae 3 

107 Cleomaceae 3 

108 Brassicaceae 11 

109 Moringaceae 1 

110 Salicaceae 1 

111 Ericaceae 2 

112 Epacridaceae 1 

113 Symplocaceae 2 

114 Ebenaceae 14 

115 Sapotaceae 27 

116 Myrsinaceae 29 

117 Cunoniaceae 18 

118 Davidsoniaceae 1 

119 Pittosporaceae 6 

120 Crassulaceae 1 

121 Rosaceae 4 

122 Chrysobalanaceae 4 

123 Mimosaceae 28 

124 Caesalpiniaceae 56 

125 Fabaceae 123 

126 Connaraceae 2 

127 Lythraceae 9 

128 Myrtaceae 74 

129 Punicaceae 1 

130 Onagraceae 4 

131 Melastomataceae 32 

132 Combretaceae 17 

133 Anacardiaceae 13 

134 Burseraceae 9 

135 Simaroubaceae 1 

136 Surianaceae 1 

137 Rutaceae 37 

138 Meliaceae 38 

139 Zygophyllaceae 1 

140 Sapindaceae 22 

141 Coriariaceae 1 

142 Oxalidaceae 6 

269

143 Balsaminaceae 2 

144 Araliaceae 22 

145 Apiaceae 8 

146 Linaceae 1 

147 Celastraceae 3 

148 Hippocrateaceae 2 

149 Aquifoliaceae 1 

150 Icacinaceae 2 

151 Dichapetalaceae 1 

152 Rhamnaceae 11 

153 Vitaceae 3 

154 Leeaceae 1 

155 Malpighiaceae 4 

156 Polygalaceae 1 

157 Alangiaceae 1 

158 Olacaceae 2 

159 Santalaceae 2 

160 Loranthaceae 1 

161 Viscaceae 2 

162 Balanophoraceae 1 

163 Proteaceae 4 

164 Loganiaceae 17 

165 Apocynaceae 39 

166 Asclepiadaceae 13 

167 Oleaceae 10 

168 Rubiaceae 191 

169 Caprifoliaceae 1 

170 Solanaceae 29 

171 Convolvulaceae 28 

172 Cuscutaceae 1 

173 Menyanthaceae 1 

174 Buddlejaceae 2 

175 Scrophulariaceae 14 

176 Gesneriaceae 41 

177 Acanthaceae 25 

178 Pedaliaceae 1 

179 Bignoniaceae 10 

180 Plantaginaceae 1 

181 Boraginaceae 10 

182 Verbenaceae 31 

183 Lamiaceae 18 

184 Campanulaceae 2 

185 Goodeniaceae 2 

186 Asteraceae 62 

270

32; 187 Orchidaceae 169 

188 Phormiaceae 2 


Angiosperms 2317 

271

Table 3.18: Checklist to the ferns of Fiji 

No. Family Species Origin 

1 Psilotaceae Psilotum nudum (L.) Palisot de Beauvois Indigenous 

2 Psilotaceae Psilotum complanatum Swartz Indigenous 

3 Psilotaceae Tmesipteris truncata (R.Br.) Desvaux Endemic 

4 Equisetaceae Equisetum ramossisimum Desfontaines Indigenous 

5 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium serratum Thunberg Indigenous 

6 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium melanesicum Brownlie Endemic 

7 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium parksii Copeland Endemic 

8 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium carinatum Desvaux Indigenous 

9 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium squarrosum Forster Indigenous 

10 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium magnificum Brownlie Endemic 

11 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium trifoliatum Copeland Endemic 

12 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium subtrifoliatum Brownlie Endemic 

13 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium foliosum Copeland Endemic 

14 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium phyllanthum Hooker et Arnott Indigenous 

15 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium phlegmaria L. Indigenous 

16 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium nummularifolium Blume Indigenous 

17 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium clavatum L. Indigenous 

18 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium cernuum L. Indigenous 

19 Selaginellaceae Selaginella viridangula Spring Endemic 

20 Selaginellaceae Selaginella breynoides Baker Endemic 

21 Selaginellaceae Selaginella distans Warburg Endemic 

22 Selaginellaceae Selaginella firmula A. Braun ex Kuhn Indigenous 

23 Selaginellaceae Selaginella laxa Spring Indigenous 

24 Selaginellaceae Selaginella victoriae Moore Indigenous 

25 Selaginellaceae Selaginella rechingeri Hieronymus ex Rechinger Indigenous 

272

26 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Indigenous 

27 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum petiolatum Hooker Indigenous 

28 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum pendulum L. Indigenous 

29 Ophioglossaceae Botrychium daucifolium Wallich Indigenous 

30 Ophioglossaceae Angiopteris evecta (Forster) Hoffman Indigenous 

31 Ophioglossaceae Angiopteris opaca Copeland Endemic 

32 Ophioglossaceae Marattia smithii Mettenius ex Kuhn Indigenous 

33 Osmundaceae Leptopteris wilkesiana (Brackenridge) Christ Indigenous 

34 Schizaeaceae Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Smith Indigenous 

35 Schizaeaceae Schizaea fistulosa de Labillardiere Indigenous 

36 Schizaeaceae Schizaea melanesica Selling Indigenous 

37 Schizaeaceae Lygodium reticulatum Schkuhr Indigenous 

38 Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia longissima Blume Indigenous 

39 Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia oceanica Kuhn Indigenous 

40 Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris linearis (Burmann) Underwood Indigenous 

41 Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris caudata (Copeland) St.John Endemic 

42 Cyatheaceae Culcita straminea (Labillardiere) Maxon Indigenous 

43 Cyatheaceae Dicksonia brackenridgei Mettenius Indigenous 

44 Cyatheaceae Cyathea decurrens (Hooker) Copeland Indigenous 

45 Cyatheaceae Cyathea alta Copeland Indigenous 

46 Cyatheaceae Cyathea plagiostegia Copeland Endemic 

47 Cyatheaceae Cyathea affinis (Forster) Swartz Indigenous 

48 Cyatheaceae Cyathea hornei (Baker) Copeland Indigenous 

49 Cyatheaceae Cyathea medullaris (Forster) Swartz Indigenous 

50 Cyatheaceae Cyathea lunulata ((Forster) Copeland Indigenous 

51 Cyatheaceae Cyathea truncata (Brackenridge) Copeland Indigenous 

52 Cyatheaceae Cyathea propinqua Mettenius Endemic 

273

53 Cyatheaceae Cyathea subsessilis Copeland Indigenous 

54 Cyatheaceae Cyathea microlepidota Copeland Endemic 

55 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum imbricatum Blume Indigenous 

56 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum polyanthos Swartz Indigenous 

57 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum javanicum Sprengel Indigenous 

58 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum flabellatum Labillardiere Indigenous 

59 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum denticulatum Swartz Indigenous 

60 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum samoense Baker Indigenous 

61 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum affine Brackenridge Endemic 

62 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum feejeense Brackenridge Indigenous 

63 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes bipunctatum Poiret Indigenous 

64 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes tahitense Nadeau Indigenous 

65 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes cultratum Baker Indigenous 

66 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes bimarginatum van den Bosch Indigenous 

67 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes endlicherianum Presl Indigenous 

68 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes humile Forster Indigenous 

69 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes vitiense Baker Indigenous 

70 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes saxifragoides Presl. Indigenous 

71 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes tomaniiviense Brownlie Endemic 

72 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes aphlebioides Christ Indigenous 

73 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes asae-grayi van den Bosch Indigenous 

74 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes maximum Blume Indigenous 

75 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes caudatum Brackenridge Indigenous 

76 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes apiifolim Presl Indigenous 

77 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes boryanum Kunze. Indigenous 

78 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes intermedium van de Bosch Indigenous 

79 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes caespifrons C.Christensen Endemic 

274

80 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes dentatum van den Bosch Indigenous 

81 Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia flaccida (Forster) Bernhardi Indigenous 

82 Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia indermis (Baker) Brownlie Endemic 

83 Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia glabrata (Cesati) C. Christensen Indigenous 

84 Dennstaedtiaceae Orthiopteris ferulacea (Moore) Copeland Endemic 

85 Dennstaedtiaceae Orthiopteris tenuis (Brackenridge) Brownlie Possibly endemic 

86 Dennstaedtiaceae Microlepia strigosa (Thunberg) Presl Indigenous 

87 Dennstaedtiaceae Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore Indigenous 

88 Dennstaedtiaceae Microlepia vitiensis Brownlie Endemic 

89 Hypolepidaceae Histiopteris incisa (Thunberg) J.Smith Indigenous 

90 Hypolepidaceae Histiopteris sinuata (Brackenridge) J.Smith Endemic 

91 Hypolepidaceae Pteridium esculentum (Forster) Cockayne Indigenous 

92 Hypolepidaceae Hypolepis elegans Carruthers Endemic 

93 Hypolepidaceae Hypolepis nausoriensis Brownlie Endemic 

94 Lindsaeaceae Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon Indigenous 

95 Lindsaeaceae Tapeinidium melanesicum Kramer Indigenous 

96 Lindsaeaceae Tapeinidium denhamii (Hooker) C.Christensen Indigenous 

97 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea moorei (Hooker) Fournier Indigenous 

98 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea ensifolia Swartz Indigenous 

99 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea gueriniana (Gaud.) Desvaux Indigenous 

100 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea lapeyrousii (Hooker) Baker Indigenous 

101 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea tetragona Kramer Indigenous 

102 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea pacifica Kramer Indigenous 

103 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea propinqua Hooker Indigenous 

104 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea obtusa J. Smith Indigenous 

105 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea harveyi Carruthers ex Seemann Indigenous 

106 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea rigida J. Smith Indigenous 

275

107 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea pickeringii (Brackenridge) Mettenius ex Kuhn Indigenous 

108 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea pulchra (Brackenridge) Carruthers ex Seemann Indigenous 

109 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea pulchra (Brackenridge) Carruthers ex Seemann var. protracta (Copeland) Brownlie Endemic 

110 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea repens (Bory) Thwaites Indigenous 

111 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea repens (Bory) Thwaites var. sessilis (Copeland) Kramer Indigenous 

112 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea repens (Bory) Thwaites var. marquesensis (Copeland) Kramer Indigenous 

113 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea vitiensis Kramer Endemic 

114 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis tuberosa (Bory ex Willdenow) Presl Indigenous 

115 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis saligna Carruthers Possibly endemic 

116 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis hirsutula (Forster) Presl Indigenous 

117 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis biserrata (Swartz) Schott Indigenous 

118 Davalliaceae Arthropteris repens (Brackenridge) C.Christensen Indigenous 

119 Davalliaceae Arthropteris articulata (Brackenridge) C.Christensen Indigenous 

120 Davalliaceae Oleandra neriiformis Cavanilles Indigenous 

121 Davalliaceae Oleandra sibbaldii Greville Indigenous 

122 Davalliaceae Humata heterophylla (Smithii) Desvaux Indigenous 

123 Davalliaceae Humata polypodioides Brackenridge Indigenous 

124 Davalliaceae Humata botrychioides Brackenridge Endemic 

125 Davalliaceae Leucostegia pallida (Mettenius) Copeland Indigenous 

126 Davalliaceae Davallia solida (Forster) Swartz Indigenous 

127 Davalliaceae Davallia fejeensis Hooker Endemic 

128 Davalliaceae Davallia epiphylla (Forster) Sprengel Indigenous 

129 Davalliaceae Scyphularia pycnocarpa (Brackenridge) Copeland Endemic 

130 Vittariaceae Vaginularia angustissima (Brackenridge) Mettenius Indigenous 

131 Vittariaceae Antrophyum plantagineum (Cavanilles) Kaulfuss Indigenous 

132 Vittariaceae Antrophyum semicostatum Blume Indigenous 

133 Vittariaceae Antrophyum subfalcatum Brackenridge Endemic 

276

134 Vittariaceae Antrophyum smithii C. Christensen Endemic 

135 Vittariaceae Vittaria scolopendrina (Bory) Thwaites Indigenous 

136 Vittariaceae Vittaria elongata Swartz Indigenous 

137 Vittariaceae Acrostichum aureum L. Indigenous 

138 Vittariaceae Stenochlaena palustris (Burmann) Beddome Indigenous 

139 Vittariaceae Coniogramme fraxinea (Don) Diels Indigenous 

140 Vittariaceae Taenitis pinnata (J.Smith) Holttum var. Pinnata Indigenous 

141 Vittariaceae Taenitis pinnata (J.Smith) Holttum var. brachysora (Baker) Holttum Endemic 

142 Vittariaceae Taenitis pinnata (J.Smith) Holttum var. polypodioides (Baker) Holttum Endemic 

143 Vittariaceae Taenitis hookeri (C.Christensen) Holttum Indigenous 

144 Vittariaceae Syngramma borneensis (Hooker) J. Smith Indigenous 

145 Vittariaceae Syngramma spathulata (C.Christensen) Holttum Endemic 

146 Vittariaceae Doryopteris concolor (Langsdorff et Fischer) Kuhn Indigenous 

147 Vittariaceae Adiantum philippense L. Indigenous 

148 Vittariaceae Adiantum hispidulum Swartz Indigenous 

149 Vittariaceae Adiantum hornei Baker Endemic 

150 Vittariaceae Adiantum diaphanum Blume Indigenous 

151 Vittariaceae Pteris ensiformis Burmann Indigenous 

152 Vittariaceae Pteris vitiensis Baker Possibly endemic 

153 Vittariaceae Pteris vitiata L. Indigenous 

154 Vittariaceae Pteris mertensioides Willdenow Indigenous 

155 Vittariaceae Pteris pacifica Hieronymus Indigenous 

156 Vittariaceae Pteris tremula R. Brown Indigenous 

157 Vittariaceae Pteris excelsa Gaud. Indigenous 

158 Vittariaceae Pteris tripartia Swartz Indigenous 

159 Vittariaceae Pteris parhamii Brownlie Endemic 

160 Vittariaceae Pteris litoralis Rechinger Indigenous 

277

161 Vittariaceae Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burmann) Swartz Indigenous 

162 Vittariaceae Cheilanthes hirsuta (Poiret) Mettenius Indigenous 

163 Vittariaceae Cheilanthes farinosa (Forskal) Kaulfuss Indigenous 

164 Aspleniaceae Asplenium nidus L. Indigenous 

165 Aspleniaceae Asplenium australasicum Hooker Indigenous 

166 Aspleniaceae Asplenium amboinense Willdenow Indigenous 

167 Aspleniaceae Asplenium marattioides (Brackenridge) C. Christensen Indigenous 

168 Aspleniaceae Asplenium carruthersii Baker Endemic 

169 Aspleniaceae Asplenium caudatum Forster Indigenous 

170 Aspleniaceae Asplenium polyodon Forster Indigenous 

171 Aspleniaceae Asplenium unilaterale Lamarck Indigenous 

172 Aspleniaceae Asplenium excisum Presl Indigenous 

173 Aspleniaceae Asplenium induratum Hooker Endemic 

174 Aspleniaceae Asplenium tenerum Forster Indigenous 

175 Aspleniaceae Asplenium bipinnatifidum Baker Indigenous 

176 Aspleniaceae Asplenium insiticium Brackenridge Indigenous 

177 Aspleniaceae Asplenium cuneatum Lamarck Indigenous 

178 Aspleniaceae Asplenium laserpitiifolium Lamarck Indigenous 

179 Aspleniaceae Loxoscaphe gibberosum (Forster) Moore Indigenous 

180 Aspleniaceae Loxoscaphe foeniculaceum (Hooker) Moore Endemic 

181 Arthyriaceae Lunathyrium japonicum (Thunberg) Kurata Indigenous 

182 Arthyriaceae Lunathyrium gillespiei (Copeland) Brownlie Endemic 

183 Arthyriaceae Lunathyrium gordonii (Baker) Brownlie Endemic 

184 Arthyriaceae Lunathyrium boryanum (Willdenow) H.Ohba Indigenous 

185 Arthyriaceae Diplazium bulbiferum Brackenridge Indigenous 

186 Arthyriaceae Diplazium dilatatum Blume Indigenous 

187 Arthyriaceae Diplazium echinatum C. Christensen Indigenous 

278

188 Arthyriaceae Diplazium harpeodes Moore Indigenous 

189 Arthyriaceae Diplazium melanocaulon Brackenridge Indigenous 

190 Arthyriaceae Diplazium proliferum (Lamarck) Thouars Indigenous 

191 Arthyriaceae Diplazium esculentum (Retzius) Swartz Indigenous 

192 Arthyriaceae Diplaziopsis javanica (Blume) C.Christensen Indigenous 

193 Thelypteridaceae Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching Indigenous 

194 Thelypteridaceae Macrothelypteris polypodioides (Hooker) Holttum Indigenous 

195 Thelypteridaceae Coryphopteris seemannii Holttum Endemic 

196 Thelypteridaceae Coryphopteris vitiensis Holttum Possible endemic 

197 Thelypteridaceae Plesioneuron archboldiae (Copeland) Holttum Endemic 

198 Thelypteridaceae Plesioneuron prenticei (Carruthers) Holttum Endemic 

199 Thelypteridaceae Plesioneuron hopeanum (Baker) Holttum Possible endemic 

200 Thelypteridaceae Pronephrium beccarianum (Cesati) Holttum Indigenous 

201 Thelypteridaceae Pronephrium triphyllum (Swartz) Holttum Indigenous 

202 Thelypteridaceae Pronephrium rubrinerve (Mettenius) Holttum Indigenous 

203 Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus tottus (Thunberg) Pichi-Sermolli Possible endemic 

204 Thelypteridaceae Pneumatopteris magnifica (Copeland) Holttum Endemic 

205 Thelypteridaceae Pneumatopteris parksii (Ballard) Holttum Endemic 

206 Thelypteridaceae Pneumatopteris costata (Brackenridge) Holttum Indigenous 

207 Thelypteridaceae Sphaerostephanos invisus (Forster) Holttum Indigenous 

208 Thelypteridaceae Sphaerostephanos unitus (L.) Holttum Indigenous 

209 Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus suprastrigosus (Rosenstock) Copeland Indigenous 

210 Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus decadens (Baker) Ching Endemic 

211 Thelypteridaceae Christella harveyi (Mettenius) Holttum Indigenous 

212 Thelypteridaceae Christella parasitica (L.) Leveille Indigenous 

213 Thelypteridaceae Christella dentata (Forskal) Brownsey et Jeremy Indigenous 

214 Thelypteridaceae Christella subpubescens (Blume) Holttum Indigenous 

279

215 Thelypteridaceae Christella arida (Don) Holttum Indigenous 

216 Thelypteridaceae Christella pacifica Holttum Indigenous 

217 Aspidiaceae Didymochlaena truncatula (Swartz) J.Smith Indigenous 

218 Aspidiaceae Acrophorus blumei Ching ex C.Christensen Indigenous 

219 Aspidiaceae Arachniodes aristata (Forst.) Tindale Indigenous 

220 Aspidiaceae Arachniodes maxima (Baker) Brownlie Endemic 

221 Aspidiaceae Arachniodes hasseltii (Blume) Ching Indigenous 

222 Aspidiaceae Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Indigenous 

223 Aspidiaceae Polystichum pilosum Copeland Endemic 

224 Aspidiaceae Dryopteris hirtipes (Blume) O.Kuntze Indigenous 

225 Aspidiaceae Dryopteris subarborea (Baker) C. Christensen Indigenous 

226 Aspidiaceae Tectaria hookerii Brownlie Endemic 

227 Aspidiaceae Tectaria dissecta (Forster) Lellinger Indigenous 

228 Aspidiaceae Tectaria godeffroyi (Luerssen) Copeland Endemic 

229 Aspidiaceae Tectaria menyanthidis (Presl) Copeland Indigenous 

230 Aspidiaceae Tectaria decurrens (Presl) Copeland Indigenous 

231 Aspidiaceae Tectaria latifolia (Forster) Copeland Indigenous 

232 Aspidiaceae Tectaria degeneri Copeland Endemic 

233 Aspidiaceae Tectaria vitiensis Brownlie Indigenous 

234 Aspidiaceae Tectaria tripartita (Baker) Copeland Endemic 

235 Aspidiaceae Tectaria crenata Cananilles Indigenous 

236 Aspidiaceae Tectaria nausoriensis Brownlie Endemic 

237 Aspidiaceae Ctenitis minima Brownlie Endemic 

238 Aspidiaceae Ctenitis waiwaiensis (C.Christensen) Brownlie Endemic 

239 Aspidiaceae Ctenitis fijiensis (Hooker) Copeland Endemic 

240 Aspidiaceae Lastreopsis davallioides (Brackenridge) Tindale Indigenous 

241 Aspidiaceae Lastreopsis tenera (R.Brown) Tindale Indigenous 

280

242 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia irregularis (Presl) Holttum Indigenous 

243 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia elegans (Copeland) Holttum Endemic 

244 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia cumingiana Presl Indigenous 

245 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia leuzeana (Gaud.) Presl Indigenous 

246 Aspidiaceae Blechnum orientale L. Indigenous 

247 Aspidiaceae Blechnum vittatum Brackenridge Endemic 

248 Aspidiaceae Blechnum coriaceum (Brackenridge) Brownlie Endemic 

249 Aspidiaceae Blechnum difforme Copeland Endemic 

250 Aspidiaceae Blechnum gibbum (de Labillardiere) Mettenius Indigenous 

251 Aspidiaceae Blechnum doodioides (Brackenridge) Brownlie Indigenous 

252 Aspidiaceae Blechnum pilosum (Brackenridge) Brownlie Endemic 

253 Aspidiaceae Blechnum milnei (Carruthers) C. Christensen Endemic 

254 Aspidiaceae Doodia brackenridge Carruthers ex Seemann Endemic 

255 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum basitruncatum Brownlie Endemic 

256 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum dominii Krajina Endemic 

257 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum ovalauense Krajina Endemic 

258 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum gillespiei Copeland Endemic 

259 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum milnei Krajina Endemic 

260 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum feejeense Brackenridge Indigenous 

261 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum imthurnii Krajina Endemic 

262 Lomariopsidaceae Bolbitis vanuaensis Brownlie Endemic 

263 Lomariopsidaceae Bolbitis palustris (Brackenridge) Hennipman Indigenous 

264 Lomariopsidaceae Bolbitis rivularis (Brackenridge) Ching Endemic 

265 Lomariopsidaceae Lomariopsis oleandrifolia (Brackenridge) Mettenius Indigenous 

266 Lomariopsidaceae Lomariopsis brackenridge Carruthers Indigenous 

267 Lomariopsidaceae Lomagramma cordipinna Holttum Indigenous 

268 Lomariopsidaceae Lomagramma polyphylla Brackenridge Indigenous 

281

269 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis vaupelii (Brause) Copeland Indigenous 

270 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis stipitata Brownlie Endemic 

271 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis vitiensis Brownlie Endemic 

272 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis glabrata Brownlie Endemic 

273 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis hookeri (Brackenridge) Copeland Indigenous 

274 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis hirtelloides (Copeland) Copeland Endemic 

275 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis conformis (Brackenridge) J.Smith Indigenous 

276 Lomariopsidaceae Calymmodon latealatus Copeland Indigenous 

277 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris immersa Brownlie Endemic 

278 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris contigua (Forster) Holttum Indigenous 

279 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris vomaensis Brownlie Endemic 

280 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris blechnoides (Greville) Wagner et Grether Indigenous 

281 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris vodonaivalui Brownlie Endemic 

282 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris crassifrons (Baker) Brownlie Indigenous 

283 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris seemannii (J.Smith) Copeland Indigenous 

284 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris hornei (Baker) Brownlie Endemic 

285 Polypodiaceae Dipteris conjugata Reinwardt Indigenous 

286 Polypodiaceae Drynaria rigidula (Swartz) Beddome Indigenous 

287 Polypodiaceae Merinthosorus drynarioides (Hooker) Copeland Indigenous 

288 Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia blepharolepis (Christensen) Ching Indigenous 

289 Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia adnascens (Swartz) Ching Indigenous 

290 Polypodiaceae Belvisia mucronata (Fee) Copeland Indigenous 

291 Polypodiaceae Belvisia melanesica Brownlie Indigenous 

292 Polypodiaceae Selliguea feeoides Copeland Indigenous 

293 Polypodiaceae Loxogramme parksii Copeland Indigenous 

294 Polypodiaceae Dictymia mckeei Tindale Indigenous 

295 Polypodiaceae Lemmaphyllum accedens (Blume) Donk Indigenous 

282

296 Polypodiaceae Microsorium punctatum (L.) Copeland Indigenous 

297 Polypodiaceae Microsorium linguaefrome (Mettenius) Copeland Indigenous 

298 Polypodiaceae Microsorium alatum (Brackenridge) Copeland Endemic 

299 Polypodiaceae Microsorium vitiense (Baker) Copeland Endemic 

300 Polypodiaceae Polypodium subauriculatum Blume Indigenous 

301 Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus nigrescens (Blume) Pichi Sermolli Indigenous 

302 Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus parksii (Copeland) Brownlie Endemic 

303 Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burmann) Pichi Sermolli Indigenous 

304 Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus grossus (Langsdorff et Fischer) Brownlie Indigenous 

283

Table 3.19: Checklist to the seed plants of Fiji Islands 


1. Cycadaceae Cycas rumphii f. seemannii (A.Braun) Kanehira Indigenous 

2. Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nausoriense de Laubenfels Endemic 

3. Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nidulum de Laubenfels Indigenous 

4. Podocarpaceae Dacrydium imbricatus var.patulus de Laubenfels Indigenous 

5. Podocarpaceae Acmopyle sahniana Buchh.& N.E.Gray 

Retrophyllum vitiense (Seem.) C.N. Page. 

Endemic 

6. Podocarpaceae Syn. Decussocarpus vitiensis (Seem.) de Laubenfels. Indigenous 

7. Podocarpaceae Podocarpus affinis Seem. 

Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don 

Endemic 

8. Podocarpaceae Syn. Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don var. neriifolius Indigenous 

9. Podocarpaceae Podocarpus neriifolius var. degeneri N.E.Gray 


Endemic 

10. Podocarpaceae Syn. Podocarpus decipiens N.E.Gray Indigenous 

11. Araucariaceae Araucaria bidwillii Hook. Exotic 

12. Araucariaceae Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco Exotic 

13. Araucariaceae Araucaria cunninghamii Ait. ex D.Don Exotic 

14. Araucariaceae Agathis robusta (C.Moore ex F.v. Muell.) F.M.Bailey 

Agathis macrophylla (Lindl.) Mast. 

Exotic 

15. Araucariaceae Syn. Agathis vitiensis (Seem.) Benth. & Hook .f.ex Drake Indigenous 

16. Pinaceae Pinus caribaea Morelet Exotic 

17. Pinaceae Pinus elliottii Engelm. Exotic 

18. Cupressaceae Cupressus benthami Endl. Exotic 

19. Cupressaceae Callitris glauca R.Br. ex R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm. Exotic 

20. Gnetaceae Gnetum gnemon L. Indigenous 

21. Limnocharitaceae Hydrocleys nymphoides (Humb. & Bonpl.ex Willd.) Buchenau Exotic 

284

22. Alismataceae Sagittaria sagittifolia subsp. leucopetala (Miq.) den Hartog Exotic 

23. Hydrocharitaceae Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle Exotic 

24. Hydrocharitaceae Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook .f. Indigenous 

25. Hydrocharitaceae Halophila minor (Zoll.) den Hartog Indigenous 

26. Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus L. Exotic 

27. Ruppiaceae Ruppia maritima var. pacifica St.John & Fosberg Indigenous 

28. Cymodoceaceae Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Aschers. Indigenous 

29. Cymodoceaceae Halodule pinifolia (Miki) den Hartog Indigenous 

30. Cymodoceaceae Syringodium isoetifolium (Aschers.) Dandy Indigenous 

31. Triuridaceae Andruris vitiensis (A.C.Smith) Giesen Endemic 

32. Liliaceae Gloriosa superba L. Exotic 

33. Liliaceae Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus L. Exotic 

34. Liliaceae Collospermum montanum (Seem.) Skottsb. Endemic 

35. Liliaceae Dianella intermedia Endl. Indigenous 

36. Alliaceae Allium cepa L. Exotic 

37. Alliaceae Allium ascalonicum L. Exotic 

38. Agavaceae Cordyline terminalis (L.)Kunth Abo. intro. 

39. Agavaceae Pleomele fragrans (L.) Salib. Exotic 

40. Agavaceae Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain Exotic 

41. Agavaceae Sansevieria trifasciata var. trifasciata Exotic 

42. Agavaceae Sansevieria trifasciata var. laurentii (De Willdem.) N.E.Br. Exotic 

43. Agavaceae Agave americana L. Exotic 

44. Agavaceae Agave sisalana Perrine Exotic 

45. Agavaceae Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. Exotic 

46. Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum L. Exotic 

47. Amaryllidaceae Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salib. Exotic 

48. Amaryllidaceae Eucharis grandiflora Planch. & Linden Exotic 

285

49. Amaryllidaceae Eurycles amboinensis (L.) Lindl. Exotic 

50. Amaryllidaceae Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Urb. Exotic 

51. Philesiaceae Geitonoplesium cymosum (R.Br.) A.Cunn. ex Hook. Indigenous 

52. Asparagaceae Asparagus plumosus Baker Exotic 

53. Smilacaceae Smilax vitiensis (Seem.) A.DC. Indigenous 

54. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill Abo. intro. 

55. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera L. Abo. intro. 

56. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Abo. intro. 

57. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea alata L. Abo. intro. 

58. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea nummularia Lam. Abo. intro. 

59. Taccaceae Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze Possibly indigenous 

60. Taccaceae Tacca maculata Seem. Indigenous 

61. Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl Exotic 

62. Pontederiaceae Monochoria hastate (L.) Solms Exotic 

63. Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Exotic 

64. Iridaceae Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav. Exotic 

65. Iridaceae Tritonia x crocosmiiflora (Lem. ex Andre) Nicholson Exotic 

66. Iridaceae Gladiolus x hybridus Hort. ex E.Rodigas Exotic 

67. Strelitziaceae Ravenala madagascariensis Sonnerat Exotic 

68. Strelitziaceae Strelitzia reginae Ait. Exotic 

69. Musaceae Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) E.E.Cheesman Exotic 

70. Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca L. Abo. intro 

71. Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca L.subsp.paradisiaca Abo intro 

72. Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca subsp. sapientum (L.) K.Schum Abo. intro 

73. Musaceae Musa paradisiaca subsp.normalis (Kuntze) K.Schum Exotic 

74. Musaceae Musa nana Lour. Exotic 

75. Musaceae Musa textilis Nee Exotic 

286

76. Musaceae Musa troglodytarum L. Exotic 

77. Heliconiaceae Heliconia psittacorum L.f. Exotic 

78. Heliconiaceae Heliconia humilis (Aubl.) Jacq. Exotic 

79. Heliconiaceae Heliconia paka A.C.Smith Indigenous 

80. Heliconiaceae Heliconia illustris Hort.ex Bull Exotic 

81. Heliconiaceae Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pavon Exotic 

82. Costaceae Costus speciosus (Konig) Sm. Exotic 

83. Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale Roscoe Exotic 

84. Zingiberaceae Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm. Abo. intro. 

85. Zingiberaceae Curcuma longa L. Exotic 

86. Zingiberaceae Hedychium coronarium Konig Exotic 

87. Zingiberaceae Hedychium gardnerianum Lindl. Exotic 

88. Zingiberaceae Nicolaia elatior (Jack) Horan. Exotic 

89. Zingiberaceae Geanthus cevuga (Seem.) Loesener Indigenous 

90. Zingiberaceae Ellettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Exotic 

91. Zingiberaceae Alpinia boia Seem. Endemic 

92. Zingiberaceae Alpinia horneana K.Schum Endemic 

93. Zingiberaceae Alpinia parksii (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

94. Zingiberaceae Alpinia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

95. Zingiberaceae Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. Exotic 

96. Zingiberaceae Alpinia vittata Bull Exotic 

97. Zingiberaceae Alpinia macrocephala K.Schum. Endemic 

98. Zingiberaceae Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & R.M.Sm. Exotic 

99. Zingiberaceae Alpinia mutica Roxb. Exotic 

100. Cannaceae Canna indica L. Exotic 

101. Marantaceae Calathea lindeniana Wallis Exotic 

102. Marantaceae Maranta arundinacea L. Exotic 

287

103. Marantaceae Stromanthe sanguinea Sonder Exotic 

Orchidaceae 

104. Cyperaceae Scirpodendron ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr. Indigenous 

105. Cyperaceae Mapania vitiensis (Uttien) T.Koyama Endemic 

106. Cyperaceae Mapania parvibractea (C.B.Clarke) T.Koyama Indigenous 

107. Cyperaceae Hypolytrum nemorum subsp. vitiense (C.B.Clarke) T.Koyama Indigenous 

108. Cyperaceae Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin Exotic 

109. Cyperaceae Scleria polycarpa Boeck. Indigenous 

110. Cyperaceae Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Indigenous 

111. Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla Exotic 

112. Cyperaceae Eleocharis ochrostachys Steudel Indigenous 

113. Cyperaceae Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex Henschel Indigenous 

114. Cyperaceae Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

115. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link Exotic 

116. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl Indigenous 

117. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis cymosa R.Br. Indigenous 

118. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl Exotic 

119. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl Indigenous 

120. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis ovata (Burm.f.) Kern Indigenous 

121. Cyperaceae Cyperus papyrus L. Exotic 

122. Cyperaceae Cyperus distans L.f. Exotic 

123. Cyperaceae Cyperus pilosus Vahl Exotic 

124. Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus L. Exotic 

125. Cyperaceae Cyperus compressus L. Exotic 

126. Cyperaceae Cyperus iria L. Exotic 

127. Cyperaceae Cyperus alternifolius subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.)Kukenth. Exotic 

128. Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis L. Exotic 

288

129. Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan L. Exotic 

130. Cyperaceae Mauriscus javanicus (Houtt.) Merr. & Metcalfe Indigenous 

131. Cyperaceae Mariscus seemannianus (Boeck.) Palla Indigenous 

132. Cyperaceae Mariscus sumatrensis (Retz.) T.Koyama Exotic 

133. Cyperaceae Mariscus cyperinus (Retz.) Vahl Exotic 

134. Cyperaceae Torulinium odoratum (L.) S.Hooper Indigenous 

135. Cyperaceae Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) Beauv. Exotic 

136. Cyperaceae Kyllinga melanosperma Nees Exotic 

137. Cyperaceae Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth Exotic 

138. Cyperaceae Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. 

Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.&G.Forst.) Dandy ex Hutchinson & 

Indigenous 

139. Cyperaceae Dalziel Exotic 

140. Cyperaceae Machaerina falcata (Nees.) T.Koyama Indigenous 

141. Cyperaceae Schoenus achaetus (T.Koyama) T.Koyama Indigenous 

142. Cyperaceae Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton Indigenous 

143. Cyperaceae Gahnia vitiensis Rendle Endemic 

144. Cyperaceae Gahnia aspera (R.Br.) Spreng Indigenous 

145. Cyperaceae Carex dietrichiae Boeck. Indigenous 

146. Cyperaceae Carex gibbsiae Rendle Endemic 

147. Cyperaceae Carex graeffeana Boeck. Indigenous 

148. Bromeliaceae Ananas comsus (L.) Merr. Exotic 

149. Bromeliaceae Aechmea fulgens var.discolor (C.Morren) Brongn. ex Baker Exotic 

150. Bromeliaceae Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindl.var.pyramidalis Exotic 

151. Commelinaceae Aneilema vitiense Seem. Indigenous 

152. Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Exotic 

153. Commelinaceae Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn Exotic 

154. Commelinaceae Zebrina pendula Schnizl. Exotic 

155. Commelinaceae Setcreasea purpurea B.K. Exotic 

289

156. Commelinaceae Dichorisandra thyrsiflora Mikan Exotic 

157. Flagellariaceae Flagellaria neo-caldonica Schlechter Indigenous 

158. Flagellariaceae Flagellaria gigantea Hook.f. Indigenous 

159. Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica L. Indigenous 

160. Joinvilleaceae Joinvillea plicata (Hook.f.) Newell & Stone Indigenous 

161. Poaceae Schizostachyum glaucifolium (Rupr.)Munro Indigenous 

162. Poaceae Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendl. Exotic 

163. Poaceae Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J.A.&J.H.Schultes Exotic 

164. Poaceae Centosteca lappacea (L.) Desv. Indigenous 

165. Poaceae Dactylis glomerata L. Exotic 

166. Poaceae Triticum aestivum L. Exotic 

167. Poaceae Hordeum vulgare L. Exotic 

168. Poaceae Arundo donax L. Exotic 

169. Poaceae Arundo donax L. var.donax Exotic 

170. Poaceae Arundo donax L. var.versicolor (Mill.) Stokes Exotic 

171. Poaceae Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Exotic 

172. Poaceae Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steudel Exotic 

173. Poaceae Eragrostis scabriflora Swallen Endemic 

174. Poaceae Eragrostis tenella (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

175. Poaceae Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Exotic 

176. Poaceae Eleusine coracana (L.) Geartn. Exotic 

177. Poaceae Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Possibly exotic 

178. Poaceae Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth Indigenous 

179. Poaceae Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth Indigenous 

180. Poaceae Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. Indigenous 

181. Poaceae Sporobolus diander (Retz.) Beauv. Indigenous 

182. Poaceae Sporobolus elongatus R.Br. Exotic 

290

183. Poaceae Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Exotic 

184. Poaceae Chloris gayana Kunth Exotic 

185. Poaceae Chloris inflata Link Exotic 

186. Poaceae Chloris truncata R.Br. Possibly exotic 

187. Poaceae Chloris divaricata R.Br. var. cynodontoides (Balansa) Lazarides Exotic 

188. Poaceae Lepturus repens (Forst.f.) R.Br. Exotic 

189. Poaceae Lepturus acutiglumis Steudel Exotic 

190. Poaceae Avena sativa L. Indigenous 

191. Poaceae Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link Exotic 

192. Poaceae Garnotia divergens Swallen Endemic 

193. Poaceae Garnotia gracilis Swallen Endemic 

194. Poaceae Garnotia linearis Swallen Endemic 

195. Poaceae Garnotia foliosa Swallen Possibly exotic 

196. Poaceae Garnotia villosa Swallen Endemic 

197. Poaceae Aristida ramosa R.Br. Indigenous 

198. Poaceae Zoysia japonica Steudel Exotic 

199. Poaceae Microlaena avenacea (Raoul) Hook.f. Possibly exotic 

200. Poaceae Oryza sativa L. Exotic 

201. Poaceae Leptaspis angustifolia Summerhayes & Hubbard Endemic 

202. Poaceae Digitaria didactyla Willd. Indigenous 

203. Poaceae Digitaria fuscescens (Presl) Henrard Possibly exotic 

204. Poaceae Digitaria caledonica Henrard Exotic 

205. Poaceae Digitaria violascens Link Indigenous 

206. Poaceae Digitaria radicosa (Presl) Miq Indigenous 

207. Poaceae Digitaria milanjiana (Rendle) Stapf Exotic 

208. Poaceae Digitaria decumbens Stent Exotic 

209. Poaceae Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Exotic 

291

210. Poaceae Digitaria setigera Roth ex Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

211. Poaceae Eriochloa procera (Retz.) Hubbard Indigenous 

212. Poaceae Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Indigenous 

213. Poaceae Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt Exotic 

214. Poaceae Brachiaria paspaloides (Presl) Hubbard Exotic 

215. Poaceae Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. Indigenous 

216. Poaceae Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gardn.& Hubbard Indigenous 

217. Poaceae Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst ex A.Rich.) Stapf Exotic 

218. Poaceae Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchcock Possibly exotic 

219. Poaceae Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv. Exotic 

220. Poaceae Axonopus affinis Chase Exotic 

221. Poaceae Paspalum paniculatum L. Exotic 

222. Poaceae Paspalum plicatulum Michx. Exotic 

223. Poaceae Paspalum distichum L. Indigenous 

224. Poaceae Paspalum conjugatum Bergius Exotic 

225. Poaceae Paspalum notatum Flugge Exotic 

226. Poaceae Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Exotic 

227. Poaceae Paspalum orbiculare Forst.f. Indigenous 

228. Poaceae Paspalum urvillei Steudel Exotic 

229. Poaceae Paspalum simplex Morong Exotic 

230. Poaceae Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) Beauv. Exotic 

231. Poaceae Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link Indigenous 

232. Poaceae Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Indigenous 

233. Poaceae Echinochloa crusgalli subsp.hispidula (Retz.) Honda Indigenous 

234. Poaceae Melinis minutiflora Beauv. Exotic 

235. Poaceae Oplismenus compositus (L.) Beauv. Exotic 

236. Poaceae Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. Indigenous 

292

237. Poaceae Oplismenus imbecillis (R.Br.) Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

238. Poaceae Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum Exotic 

239. Poaceae Panicum maximum Jacq. var.trichoglume Eyles ex Robyns Exotic 

240. Poaceae Panicum antidole Retz. Exotic 

241. Poaceae Panicum coloratum L. Exotic 

242. Poaceae Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. Exotic 

243. Poaceae Setaria palmifolia (Konig) Stapf Exotic 

244. Poaceae Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth Possibly exotic 

245. Poaceae Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.) A.Camus Possibly exotic 

246. Poaceae Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Hochst.ex Steudel) Stapf Exotic 

247. Poaceae Stenotaphrum micranthum (Desv.) Hubbard Indigenous 

248. Poaceae Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze Indigenous 

249. Poaceae Thuarea involuta (Forst.f.) R.Br.ex Roemer & Schultes Indigenous 

250. Poaceae Cenchrus calyculatus Cav. Indigenous 

251. Poaceae Cenchrus echinatus L. Indigenous 

252. Poaceae Cenchrus ciliaris L. Indigenous 

253. Poaceae Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher Exotic 

254. Poaceae Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Exotic 

255. Poaceae Pennisetum americanum (L.) K.Schum. Exotic 

256. Poaceae Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) J.A.&J.H.Schultes Exotic 

257. Poaceae Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase Exotic 

258. Poaceae Ancistrachne uncinulata (R.Br.) S.T.Blake Possibly exotic 

259. Poaceae Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) Hubbard Exotic 

260. Poaceae Isachne vitiensis Rendle Endemic 

261. Poaceae Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze Exotic 

262. Poaceae Imperata conferta (Presl) Ohwi Indigenous 

263. Poaceae Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. Ex K.Schum.& Lauterb. Indigenous 

293

264. Poaceae Erianthus maximus Brongn. Indigenous 

265. Poaceae Polytrias amaura (Buese) Kuntze Indigenous 

266. Poaceae Saccharum officinarum L. Indigenous 

267. Poaceae Saccharum edule Hassk. Abo. intro. 

268. Poaceae Microstegium glabratum (Brongn.)A.Camus Indigenous 

269. Poaceae Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Exotic 

270. Poaceae Ischaemum timorense Kunth Exotic 

271. Poaceae Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. Indigenous 

272. Poaceae Ischaemum vitiense Summerhayes Indigenous 

273. Poaceae Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Exotic 

274. Poaceae Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. f.halepense Exotic 

275. Poaceae Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.f.muticum (Hackel) Hubbard Exotic 

276. Poaceae Sorghum verticilliflorum (Steudel) Stapf Exotic 

277. Poaceae Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Exotic 

278. Poaceae Sorghum vulgare Pers. Exotic 

279. Poaceae Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Exotic 

280. Poaceae Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Indigenous 

281. Poaceae Cymbopogon refractus (R.Br.) A.Camus Indigenous 

282. Poaceae Cymbopogon coloratus (Hook.f.) Stapf Exotic 

283. Poaceae Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf Exotic 

284. Poaceae Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer Indigenous 

285. Poaceae Themeda arguens (L.) Hackel Exotic 

286. Poaceae Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze Exotic 

287. Poaceae Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus Exotic 

288. Poaceae Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) Hubbard Indigenous 

289. Poaceae Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf Indigenous 

290. Poaceae Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T.Blake Exotic 

294

291. Poaceae Zea mays L. Exotic 

292. Poaceae Coix lacryma-jobi L. Exotic 

293. Poaceae Tripsacum laxum Nash Exotic 

294. Arecaceae Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Mart. Exotic 

295. Arecaceae Livistona australis (R.Br.) Mart. Exotic 

296. Arecaceae Licuala grandis H.Wendl.ex Linden Exotic 

297. Arecaceae Pritchardia pacifica Seem. & H.Wendl. Indigenous 

298. Arecaceae Pritchardia thurstonii F.v.Muell.& Drude Endemic 

299. Arecaceae Corypha elata Roxb.Hort. Exotic 

300. Arecaceae Phoenix dactylifera L. Exotic 

301. Arecaceae Phoenix sylvstris (L.) Roxb.Hort. Exotic 

302. Arecaceae Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud Exotic 

303. Arecaceae Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien Exotic 

304. Arecaceae Latania lontaroides (Gaertn.) H.E.Moore Exotic 

305. Arecaceae Metroxylon vitiense (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl.ex Hook.f. Endemic 

306. Arecaceae Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hylander Exotic 

307. Arecaceae Calamus vitiensis Warb.ex Becc. Endemic 

308. Arecaceae Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Exotic 

309. Arecaceae Caryota mitis Lour. Exotic 

310. Arecaceae Caryota urens L. Exotic 

311. Arecaceae Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F.Cook Exotic 

312. Arecaceae Roystonea regia (H.B.K.) O.F.Cook Exotic 

313. Arecaceae Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H.Wendl. Exotic 

314. Arecaceae Archontophoenix alexandre (F.v.Muell.)H.Wendl.&Drude Exotic 

315. Arecaceae Veitchia vitiensis (H.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Endemic 

316. Arecaceae Veitchia simulans H.E.Moore Endemic 

317. Arecaceae Veitchia petiolata (Burret) H.E.Moore Endemic 

295

318. Arecaceae Veitchia sessilifolia (Burret) H.E.Moore Endemic 

319. Arecaceae Veitchia pedionoma (A.C.Smith) H.E.Moore Endemic 

320. Arecaceae Veitchia joannis H.Wendl. Endemic 

321. Arecaceae Veitchia filifera (H.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Endemic 

322. Arecaceae Veitchia pickeringii (H.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Endemic 

323. Arecaceae Veitchia subglobosa H.Wendl. Endemic 

324. Arecaceae Balaka microcarpa Burret Endemic 

325. Arecaceae Balaka pauciflora (H.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Endemic 

326. Arecaceae Balaka macrocarpa Burret Endemic 

327. Arecaceae Balaka seemannii (H.Wendl.) Becc. Endemic 

328. Arecaceae Balaka longirostris Becc. 

Ptychosperma macarthurii (H.Wendl.ex Veitch) H.Wendl.ex 

Endemic 

329. Arecaceae Hook.f. Exotic 

330. Arecaceae Areca catechu L. Exotic 

331. Arecaceae Pinanga kuhlii Bl. Exotic 

332. Arecaceae Neoveitchia storckii (H.Wendl.) Becc. Indigenous 

333. Arecaceae Pelagodoxa henryana Becc. Possibly exotic 

334. Arecaceae Dictyosperma album (Bory) H.Wendl.&Drude ex Scheffer Exotic 

335. Arecaceae Clinostigma exorrhizum (H.Wendl.) Becc. Endemic 

336. Arecaceae Cyphosperma trichospadix (Burret) H.E.Moore Endemic 

337. Arecaceae Cyphosperma tanga (H.E.Moore) H.E.Moore Endemic 

338. Arecaceae Physokentia thurstonii (Becc.) Becc. Endemic 

339. Arecaceae Physokentia rosea H.E.Moore Endemic 

340. Arecaceae Goniocladus petiolatus Burret Endemic 

341. Arecaceae Cocos nucifera L. Exotic 

342. Arecaceae Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Exotic 

343. Araceae Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Exotic 

344. Araceae Epiprenum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Exotic 

296

345. Araceae Epiprenum pinnatum cv.'Aureum' Exotic 

346. Araceae Rhaphidophora spuria (Schott) Nicolson Endemic 

347. Araceae Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex Andre Exotic 

348. Araceae Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng Exotic 

349. Araceae Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Possibly exotic 

350. Araceae Cyrtosperma chamissonis (Schott) Merr. Abo. intro. 

351. Araceae Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott Exotic 

352. Araceae Alocasia cucullata (Lour.)G.Don Exotic 

353. Araceae Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) G.Don Abo. intro. 

354. Araceae Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Abo. intro. 

355. Araceae Caladium bicolor (Ait.) Vent. Exotic 

356. Araceae Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott Abo. intro. 

357. Araceae Xanthosoma undipes (Koch) Koch Exotic 

358. Lemnaceae Lemna perpusilla Torrey Indigenous 

359. Pandanaceae Freycinetia caudata Hemsl. Endemic 

360. Pandanaceae Freycinetia urvilleana Hombron & Jacquinot Indigenous 

361. Pandanaceae Freycinetia impavida (Hombron & Jacquinot) Stone Indigenous 

362. Pandanaceae Freycinetia storckii Seem. Indigenous 

363. Pandanaceae Freycinetia pritchardii Seem. Indigenous 

364. Pandanaceae Freycinetia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

365. Pandanaceae Freycinetia grayana Perry Endemic 

366. Pandanaceae Freycinetia hombronii Martelli Indigenous 

367. Pandanaceae Pandanus thurstonii Wright Endemic 

368. Pandanaceae Pandanus joskei Horne Endemic 

369. Pandanaceae Pandanus taveuniensis St.John Endemic 

370. Pandanaceae Pandanus vitiensis Martelli Endemic 

371. Pandanaceae Pandanus levuensis Martelli Endemic 

297

372. Pandanaceae Pandanus gillespiei St. John Endemic 

373. Pandanaceae Pandanus whitmeeanus Martelli Indigenous 

374. Pandanaceae Pandanus sinicola A.C.Smith Endemic 

375. Pandanaceae Pandanus yasawaensis St.John Endemic 

376. Pandanaceae Pandanus alveatus St.John Endemic 

377. Pandanaceae Pandanus moalaensis St.John Endemic 

378. Pandanaceae Pandanus pyriformis (Martelli) St.John Syn: P. Tectorius Endemic/Indigenous 

379. Typhaceae Typha domingensis Pers. Indigenous 

380. Degeneriaceae Degeneria vitiensis I.W.Bailey & A.C.Smith Endemic 

381. Degeneriaceae Degeneria rosea J.M.Miller Endemic 

382. Annonaceae Polyalthia amygdalina (A.Gray) Gillespie Endemic 

383. Annonaceae Polyalthia laddiana A.C.Smith Endemic 

384. Annonaceae Polyalthia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

385. Annonaceae Polyalthia angustifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

386. Annonaceae Polyalthia amoena A.C.Smith Endemic 

387. Annonaceae Polyalthia loriformis Gillespie Endemic 

388. Annonaceae Polyalthia capillata A.C.Smith Endemic 

389. Annonaceae Polyalthia habrotricha A.C.Smith Endemic 

390. Annonaceae Polyalthia insularis (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

391. Annonaceae Cyathocalyx vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

392. Annonaceae Cyathocalyx insularis A.C.Smith Endemic 

393. Annonaceae Cyathocalyx stenopetalus A.C.Smith Endemic 

394. Annonaceae Cyathocalyx suaveolens A.C.Smith Endemic 

395. Annonaceae Xylopia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

396. Annonaceae Xylopia degeneri A.C.Smith Endemic 

397. Annonaceae Xylopia pacifica A.C.Smith Endemic 

398. Annonaceae Richella monosperma A. Gray Endemic 

298

399. Annonaceae Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook .f.& Thoms. Abo. intro. 

400. Annonaceae Annona muricata L. Exotic 

401. Annonaceae Annona glabra L. Indigenous 

402. Annonaceae Annona squamosa L. Indigenous 

403. Annonaceae Annona reticulata L. Indigenous 

404. Myristicaceae Myristica fragrans Houtt. Exotic 

405. Myristicaceae Myristica grandifolia A.DC. Endemic 

406. Myristicaceae Myristica macarantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

407. Myristicaceae Myristica castaneifolia A. Gray Endemic 

408. Myristicaceae Myristica gillespieana A.C.Smith Endemic 

409. Myristicaceae Myristica chartacea Gillespie Endemic 

410. Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

Presumably 

411. Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia littoralis Parodi 

indigenous 

412. Piperaceae Piper aduncum L. Indigenous 

413. Piperaceae Piper methysticum Forst.f.Pl. Abo. intro. 

414. Piperaceae Piper nigrum L. Indigenous 

415. Piperaceae Piper betle L. Indigenous 

416. Piperaceae Piper insectifugum C.DC. ex Seem. Endemic 

417. Piperaceae Piper crispatum A.C.Smith Endemic 

418. Piperaceae Piper stipulare A.C.Smith Endemic 

419. Piperaceae Piper degeneri A.C.Smith Endemic 

420. Piperaceae Macropiper puberulum Benth. Indigenous 

421. Piperaceae Macropiper puberulum Benth. f. puberulum Indigenous 

422. Piperaceae Macropiper puberulum f. glabrum (C.DC.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

423. Piperaceae Macropiper melanostachyum (C.DC.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

424. Piperaceae Macropiper oxycarpum (C.DC.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

425. Piperaceae Macropiper kandavuense (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

299

426. Piperaceae Macropiper timothianum (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

427. Piperaceae Macropiper vitiense (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

428. Peperomiaceae Peperomia leptostachya Hook. & Arn. Indigenous 

429. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nodosa Yunker Endemic 

430. Peperomiaceae Peperomia pilostigma Yunker Endemic 

431. Peperomiaceae Peperomia subroseispica C.DC. Endemic 

432. Peperomiaceae Peperomia vitilevuensis Yunker Endemic 

433. Peperomiaceae Peperomia orbiculimba Yunker var. orbiculimba Endemic 

434. Peperomiaceae Peperomia orbiculimba var. mathuataensis Yunker Endemic 

435. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nandarivatensis Yunker Endemic 

436. Peperomiaceae Peperomia curtispica C.DC. Endemic 

437. Peperomiaceae Peperomia parhamii Yunker Endemic 

438. Peperomiaceae Peperomia purpurinodis Yunker Endemic 

439. Peperomiaceae Peperomia vitiana C.DC. Endemic 

440. Peperomiaceae Peperomia namosiana Yunker Endemic 

441. Peperomiaceae Peperomia ciliifolia Yunker Endemic 

442. Peperomiaceae Peperomia naitasiriensis Yunker Endemic 

443. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nandalana Yunker var. Nandalana Endemic 

444. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nandalana var. nudipeduncula Yunker Endemic 

445. Peperomiaceae Peperomia disticha Yunker Endemic 

446. Peperomiaceae Peperomia pellucida (L.) H.B.K Indigenous 

447. Peperomiaceae Peperomia endlicheri Miq. var. fijiana Yunker Indigenous 

448. Peperomiaceae Peperomia lasiostigma C.DC. var. Lasiostigma Endemic 

449. Peperomiaceae Peperomia lasiostigma var. carnosa (C.DC.)Yunker Endemic 

450. Peperomiaceae Peperomia lasiostigma var. microlimba Yunker Possibly endemic 

451. Peperomiaceae Peperomia attenuata Yunker var. attenuata Endemic 

452. Peperomiaceae Peperomia attenuata var. taveuniana Yunker Endemic 

300

453. Peperomiaceae Peperomia attenuata var .roseispica Yunker Endemic 

454. Peperomiaceae Peperomia flavida Yunker Possibly endemic 

455. Peperomiaceae Peperomia flavida C.DC var. flavida Endemic 

456. Peperomiaceae Peperomia flavida var. pubinervis Yunker Possibly endemic 

457. Peperomiaceae Peperomia albertiana Yunker Possibly endemic 

458. Peperomiaceae Peperomia laevilimba Yunker Endemic 

459. Chloranthaceae Ascarina diffusa A.C.Smith Indigenous 

460. Chloranthaceae Ascarina swamyana A.C.Smith Indigenous 

461. Trimeniaceae Trimenia weinmanniifolia Seem. Indigenous 

462. Monimiaceae Hedycarya dorstenioides A. Gray Indigenous 

463. Hernandiaceae Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Presl) Kubitzki 

Hernandia moerenhoutiana Guillemin subsp. campanulata 

Indigenous 

464. Hernandiaceae Kubitzki Indigenous 

465. Hernandiaceae Hernandia olivacea Gillespie Endemic 

466. Lauraceae Persea americana Mill. Indigenous 

467. Lauraceae Endiandra reticulata Gillespie Indigenous 

468. Lauraceae Endiandra elaeocarpa Gillespie Indigenous 

469. Lauraceae Endiandra gillespie A.C.Smith Endemic 

470. Lauraceae Endiandra trichotosa A.C.Smith Endemic 

471. Lauraceae Endiandra monticola A.C.Smith Endemic 

472. Lauraceae Endiandra tryphera A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

473. Lauraceae Endiandra luteola A.C.Smith Endemic 

474. Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.S.Presl Indigenous 

475. Lauraceae Cinnamomum pedatinervium Meisn. Possibly endemic 

476. Lauraceae Cinnamomum vernum J.S.Presl Indigenous 

477. Lauraceae Cinnamomum pallidum Gillespie Endemic 

478. Lauraceae Cinnamomum leptopus A.C.Smith Endemic 

479. Lauraceae Cinnamomum fitianum (Meisn.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

301

480. Lauraceae Cinnamomum rigidum Gillespie Endemic 

481. Lauraceae Cinnamomum degeneri Allen Endemic 

482. Lauraceae Cryptocarya lancifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

483. Lauraceae Cryptocarya fusca Gillespie Endemic 

484. Lauraceae Cryptocarya turbinata Gillespie Indigenous 

485. Lauraceae Cryptocarya hornei Gillespie Indigenous 

486. Lauraceae Cryptocarya constricta Allen Endemic 

487. Lauraceae Cryptocarya turrilliana A.C.Smith Endemic 

488. Lauraceae Cryptocarya barbellata A.C.Smith Endemic 

489. Lauraceae Cryptocarya parinarioides A.C.Smith 

Litsea pickeringii (A. Gray ex Seem.) Benth. & Hook. f.ex 

Endemic 

490. Lauraceae Drake Endemic 

491. Lauraceae Litsea palmatinervia (Meisn.) Benth & Hook. f.ex Drake Endemic 

492. Lauraceae Litsea magnifolia Gillespie Endemic 

493. Lauraceae Litsea seemannii (Meisn.) Benth.& Hook. f.ex Drake Endemic 

494. Lauraceae Litsea hornei A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

495. Lauraceae Litsea grayana A.C.Smith Endemic 

496. Lauraceae Litsea richii A.C.Smith Endemic 

497. Lauraceae Litsea vitiana (Meisn.) Benth.& Hook. f.ex Drake Endemic 

498. Lauraceae Litsea imthurnii Turrill Endemic 

499. Lauraceae Litsea burckelloides A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

500. Lauraceae Litsea mellifera A.C.Smith Indigenous 

501. Lauraceae Litsea alleniana A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

502. Lauraceae Litsea mathuataensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

503. Cassythaceae Cassytha filiformis L. Indigenous 

504. Gyrocarpaceae Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. subsp. Americanus Indigenous 

505. Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea capensis Thunb.f. capensis. Indigenous 

506. Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea capensis f. rosea Hort.ex Conard Indigenous 

302

507. Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum L. Indigenous 

508. Menispermaceae Pachygone vitiensis Diels Indigenous 

509. Ranunculaceae Clemetis pickeringii A. Gray Indigenous 

510. Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana L. Indigenous 

511. Ulmaceae Parasponia andersonii (Planch.) Planch. Indigenous 

512. Ulmaceae Trema cannabina Lour. Indigenous 

513. Ulmaceae Celtis harperi Horne Indigenous 

514. Ulmaceae Celtis vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

515. Ulmaceae Girroniera celtidifolia Gaud. Indigenous 

516. Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa L. Indigenous 

517. Moraceae Ficus religiosa L. Indigenous 

518. Moraceae Ficus prolixa Forst.f.Fl. Indigenous 

519. Moraceae Ficus benghalensis L. Indigenous 

520. Moraceae Ficus benjamina L. Indigenous 

521. Moraceae Ficus elastica Roxb. Indigenous 

522. Moraceae Ficus obliqua Forst.f.Fl. Indigenous 

523. Moraceae Ficus smithii Horne ex Baker var. smithii Indigenous 

524. Moraceae Ficus smithii Horne ex Baker var. robusta Corner Indigenous 

525. Moraceae Ficus carica L. Indigenous 

526. Moraceae Ficus pumila L. Indigenous 

527. Moraceae Ficus scabra Forst. Indigenous 

528. Moraceae Ficus storckii Seem. var. storckii Indigenous 

529. Moraceae Ficus storckii var. kajewskii (Summerhayes) Corner Indigenous 

530. Moraceae Ficus masonii Horne ex Baker Endemic 

531. Moraceae Ficus greenwoodii Summerhayes Endemic 

532. Moraceae Ficus fulvo-pilosa Summerhayes Endemic 

533. Moraceae Ficus barclayana (Miq.) Summerhayes Endemic 

303

534. Moraceae Ficus bambusifolia Seem. Endemic 

535. Moraceae Ficus tinctoria Forst. Indigenous 

536. Moraceae Ficus theophrastoides Seem. Indigenous 

537. Moraceae Ficus vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

538. Moraceae Ficus pritchardii Seem. Endemic 

539. Moraceae Morus australis Poir. Indigenous 

540. Moraceae Streblus anthropophagorum (Seem.) Corner Indigenous 

541. Moraceae Streblus pendulinus (Endl.) F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

542. Moraceae Antiaris toxiacaria Leschenault var. macrophylla (R.Br.) Corner Indigenous 

543. Moraceae Maclura excelsa (Welw.) Bureau Indigenous 

544. Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Indigenous 

545. Moraceae Malaisia scandens (Lour.) Plaunch. Indigenous 

546. Moraceae Artocarpus rigidus Bl. Indigenous 

547. Moraceae Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg Indigenous 

548. Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Indigenous 

549. Urticaceae Dendrocnide harveyi (Seem.) Chew Indigenous 

550. Urticaceae Dendrocnide vitiensis (Seem.) Chew Indigenous 

551. Urticaceae Laporte interrupta (L.) Chew Indigenous 

552. Urticaceae Elatostema australe (Wedd.) Hall.f. Endemic 

553. Urticaceae Elatostema vitiense (Wedd.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

554. Urticaceae Elatostema filicoides (Seem.) Schroter Endemic 

555. Urticaceae Elatostema comptonioides A.C.Smith Endemic 

556. Urticaceae Elatostema nemorosum Seem. Endemic 

557. Urticaceae Elatostema fruticosum Gibbs. Endemic 

558. Urticaceae Elatostema greenwoodii A.C.Smith Endemic 

559. Urticaceae Elatostema insulare A.C.Smith Endmeic 

560. Urticaceae Elatostema palustre A.C.Smith Endemic 

304

561. Urticaceae Elatostema tenellum A.C.Smith Endemic 

562. Urticaceae Elatostema gillespiei A.C.Smith Endemic 

563. Urticaceae Elatostema seemannianum A.C.Smith Endemic 

564. Urticaceae Elatostema humile A.C.Smith Endemic 

565. Urticaceae Elatostema epallocaulum A.C.Smith Endemic 

566. Urticaceae Procris pedunculata (J.R. & G.Forst.) Wedd. var. pedunculata Indigenous 

567. Urticaceae Procris pedunculata var. ornata A.C.Smith Indigenous 

568. Urticaceae Procris anfracta (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

569. Urticaceae Procris archboldiana A.C.Smith Endemic 

570. Urticaceae Procris goepeliana (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

571. Urticaceae Pilea cadieri Gagnep. & Guilllaumin Indigenous 

572. Urticaceae Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Indigenous 

573. Urticaceae Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. Indigenous 

574. Urticaceae Boehmeria virgata (Forst.f) Guilllaumin Indigenous 

575. Urticaceae Pouzolzia erythraeae Schweinfurth Indigenous 

576. Urticaceae Pouzolzia rubricaulis (Bl.) Wedd. Indigenous 

577. Urticaceae Pipturus argenteus (Forst. f.) Wedd. var. lanosus Skottsb. Indigenous 

578. Urticaceae Pipturus platyphyllus Wedd. Endemic 

579. Urticaceae Pipturus vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

580. Urticaceae Cypholophus heterophyllus (Wedd.) Wedd. Endigenous 

581. Urticaceae Cypholophus macrocephalus Wedd. var. mollis (Wedd.) Wedd. Indigenous 

582. Urticaceae Leucoskye corymbulosa (Wedd.) Wedd. Indigenous 

583. Urticaceae Maoutia australis Wedd. Indigenous 

584. Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia J.R.& G.Forst. Indigenous 

585. Casuarinaceae Casuarina torulosa Ait. Indigenous 

586. Casuarinaceae Gymnostoma vitiense L.A.S.Johnson Endemic 

587. Balanopaceae Balanops pedicellata (Guilllaumin) Hjelmqvist Indigenous 

305

588. Phytolaccaceae Rivina humilis L. Indigenous 

589. Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis jalapa L. Indigenous 

590. Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia diffusa L. Indigenous 

591. Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Indigenous 

592. Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea spectabilis Lam. Indigenous 

593. Nyctaginaceae Pisonia umbellifera (J.R.&G.Forst) Seem. Indigenous 

594. Nyctaginaceae Pisonia grandis R.Br. Indigenous 

595. Nyctaginaceae Pisonia aculeata L. Indigenous 

596. Aizoaceae Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Indigenous 

597. Cactaceae Opuntia vulgaris Mill. Indigenous 

598. Cactaceae Nopalea cochinellifera (L.) Salm-Dyck Indigenous 

599. Molluginaceae Mollugo pentaphylla L. 

Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roemer & Schultes var. 

Indigenous 

600. Caryophyllaceae pacifica Mizushima Indigenous 

601. Portulacaceae Portulaca quadrifida L. Indigenous 

602. Portulacaceae Portulaca lutea Solander ex Forst.f.Pl. Indigenous 

603. Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea L. Indigenous 

604. Portulacaceae Portulaca pilosa L. Indigenous 

605. Portulacaceae Portulaca samoensis Poelln. Indigenous 

606. Portulacaceae Portulaca grandiflora Hook. Indigenous 

607. Portulacaceae Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. Indigenous 

608. Basellaceae Basella alba L. Indigenous 

609. Amaranthaceae Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr. Indigenous 

610. Amaranthaceae Celosia argentia cv.'Cristata' Exotic 

611. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus gracilis Desf. Indigenous 

612. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus tricolor L. Indigenous 

613. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus L. Indigenous 

614. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus dubius Mart. Indigenous 

306

615. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. Indigenous 

616. Amaranthaceae Cyathula prostata (L.)Bl. Indigenous 

617. Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. Indigenous 

618. Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br.ex DC. Indigenous 

619. Amaranthaceae Alternanthera tenella Colla cv.'Bettzickiana' Exotic 

620. Amaranthaceae Gomphrena globosa L. Indigenous 

621. Amaranthaceae Iresine herbstii Hook. Indigenous 

622. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Indigenous 

623. Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Hook.& Arn. Indigenous 

624. Polygonaceae Rumex crispus L. Indigenous 

625. Polygonaceae Polygonum dichotomum Bl. Indigenous 

626. Polygonaceae Homalocladium platycladum (F.v.Muell.)I.H.Bailey Indigenous 

627. Plumbaginaceae Plumbago zeylanica L. Indigenous 

628. Plumbaginaceae Plumbago auricalata Lam. Indigenous 

629. Plumbaginaceae Plumbago indica L. Indigenous 

630. Dilleniaceae Dillenia biflora (A. Gray) Martelli ex Dur.& Jacks Indigenous 

631. Dilleniaceae Hibbertia lucens Brongn.& Gris ex Sebert & Pancher Indigenous 

632. Ochnaceae Brackenridgea nitida A. Gray Endemic 

633. Theaceae Camellia sinensis (L.)Kuntze Indigenous 

634. Theaceae Eurya vitiensis A.Gray Endemic 

635. Theaceae Eurya greenwoodii Kobuski Endemic 

636. Saurauiaceae Saurauia rubicunda (A.Gray) Seem. Endemic 

637. Clusiaceae Calophyllum leucocarpum A.C.Smith Endemic 

638. Clusiaceae Calophyllum leptocaldum A.C.Smith Endemic 

639. Clusiaceae Calophyllum cerasiferum Vesque Endemic 

640. Clusiaceae Calophyllum neo-ebudicum Guillaumin Indigenous 

641. Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum L. Indigenous 

307

642. Clusiaceae Calophyllum vitiensis Turrill Endemic 

643. Clusiaceae Calophyllum ambiphyllum A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

644. Clusiaceae Mesua ferrea L. Indigenous 

645. Clusiaceae Mammea odorata (Raf.) Kostermans Indigenous 

646. Clusiaceae Mammea americana L. Possibly indigenous 

647. Clusiaceae Garcinia pseudoguttifera Seem. Indigenous 

648. Clusiaceae Garcinia vitiensis (A.Gray) Seem. Indigenous 

649. Clusiaceae Garcinia myrtifolia A.C.Smith Indigenous 

650. Clusiaceae Garcinia sessilis (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 

651. Clusiaceae Garcinia adinantha A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

652. Clusiaceae Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f.Fl. Indigenous 

653. Clusiaceae Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz. Indigenous 

654. Clusiaceae Garcinia mangostana L. Indigenous 

655. Elatinaceae Elatine gratioloides A.Cunn. Indigenous 

656. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus grandis F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

657. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pittosporoides A.C.Smith Endemic 

658. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus praeclarus A.C.Smith Endemic 

659. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus cassinoides A.Gray Endemic 

660. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pyriformis A.Gray Endemic 

661. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kasiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

662. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus storckii Seem. Endemic 

663. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus ampliflorus A.C.Smith Endemic 

664. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus chelonimorphus Gillespie Indigenous 

665. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus gillespieanus A.C.Smith Endemic 

666. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus vitiensis Gillespie Endemic 

667. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus lepidus A.C.Smith Endemic 

668. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus laurifolius A.Gray Endemic 

308

669. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus subcapitatus Gillespie Endemic 

670. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus melochioides A.C.Smith Endemic 

671. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kambi Gibbs. Endemic 

672. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus milnei Seem. Endemic 

673. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus chionanthus A.C.Smith Endemic 

674. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus roseiflorus A.C.Smith Endemic 

675. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus graeffei Seem. Indigenous 

676. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus degenerianus A.C.Smith Endemic 

677. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus xanthodactylus A.C.Smith Endemic 

678. Tiliaceae Corchorus olitorius L. Indigenous 

679. Tiliaceae Corchorus torresianus Gaud. Indigenous 

680. Tiliaceae Trichospermum calyculatum (Seem.) Burret. Endemic 

681. Tiliaceae Trichospermum richii (A.Gray) Seem. Indigenous 

682. Tiliaceae Muntingia calabura L. Exotic 

683. Tiliaceae Grewia vitiensis Turrill Endemic 

684. Tiliaceae Grewia crenata (J.R.&G.Forst) Schinz & Guillaumin Indigenous 

685. Tiliaceae Microcos vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

686. Tiliaceae Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Indigenous 

687. Tiliaceae Triumfetta procumbens Forst.f.Fl. Indigenous 

688. Tiliaceae Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret Indigenous 

689. Tiliaceae Berrya pacifica A.C.Smith Endemic 

690. Sterculiaceae Dombeya burgessiae Gerr.ex Harvey & Sonder Indigenous 

691. Sterculiaceae Pentapetes phoenicca L. Indigenous 

692. Sterculiaceae Melochia corchorifolia L. Indigenous 

693. Sterculiaceae Melochia parhamii A.C.Smith Endemic 

694. Sterculiaceae Melochia vitiensis A.Gray Endemic 

695. Sterculiaceae Melochia degeriana A.C.Smith Endemic 

309

696. Sterculiaceae Melochia mollipila A.C.Smith Endemic 

697. Sterculiaceae Melochia grayana A.C.Smith Endemic 

698. Sterculiaceae Melochia longepetiolata A.C.Smith Endemic 

699. Sterculiaceae Melochia roseiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

700. Sterculiaceae Waltheria indica L. Indigenous 

701. Sterculiaceae Pimia rhamnoides Seem. Endemic 

702. Sterculiaceae Commersonia bartramia (L.) Merr. Indigenous 

703. Sterculiaceae Theobroma cacao L. Indigenous 

704. Sterculiaceae Helicteres isora L. Exotic 

705. Sterculiaceae Kleinhovia hospita L. Indigenous 

706. Sterculiaceae Sterculia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

707. Sterculiaceae Sterculia dasyphylla A.C.Smith Endemic 

708. Sterculiaceae Firmiana diversifolia A.Gray Endemic 

709. Sterculiaceae Pterocymbium oceanicum A.C.Smith Endemic 

710. Sterculiaceae Heritiera littoralis Ait. Indigenous 

711. Sterculiaceae Heritiera orthinocephala Kostermans Indigenous 

712. Bombacaceae Ochroma pyramidale (Cav.) Urb. Indigenous 

713. Bombacaceae Celba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Indigenous 

714. Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp.tiliaceus Indigenous 

715. Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp.hastatus (L.f.) Borss Indigenous 

716. Malvaceae Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Exotic 

717. Malvaceae Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. Indigenous 

718. Malvaceae Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Exotic 

719. Malvaceae Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook.f. Indigenous 

720. Malvaceae Hibiscus syriacus L. Indigenous 

721. Malvaceae Hibiscus hirtus L. Indigenous 

722. Malvaceae Hibiscus mutabilis L. Indigenous 

310

723. Malvaceae Abelmoshus moschatus Medik. Indigenous 

724. Malvaceae Abelmoshus esculentus (L.) Moench Exotic 

725. Malvaceae Abelmoshus manihot (L.) Medik. Indigenous 

726. Malvaceae Thespesia populnea (L.) Solander ex Correa Indigenous 

727. Malvaceae Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & Gibson Indigenous 

728. Malvaceae Gossypium arboreum L. Indigenous 

729. Malvaceae Gossypium hirsutum L. Indigenous 

730. Malvaceae Gossypium barbadense L. Indigenous 

731. Malvaceae Urena lobata L. Indigenous 

732. Malvaceae Malvaviscus arboreus var.arboreus Exotic 

733. Malvaceae Malvaviscus arboreus var.penduliflorus (Moc.& Sesse ex DC.) Exotic 

734. Malvaceae Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Indigenous 

735. Malvaceae Anoda cristata (L.) Schlechtendal Indigenous 

736. Malvaceae Sida acuta Burm.f.Fl. Indigenous 

737. Malvaceae Sida parvifolia DC. Indigenous 

738. Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia L. Indigenous 

739. Malvaceae Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Indigenous 

740. Euphorbiaceae Cleistanthus micranthus Croizat Endemic 

741. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma pacificum Muell. Endemic 

742. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma insulare Gillespie Endemic 

743. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma gillespieanum A.C.Smith Endemic 

744. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma elassophyllum A.C.Smith Endemic 

745. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma trichophyllum A.C.Smith Endemic 

746. Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea seemannii (Muell.Arg.) Muell. Indigenous 

747. Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea stylaris Muell. Endemic 

748. Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea pulvinata A.C.Smith Endemic 

749. Euphorbiaceae Drypetes vitiensis Croizat Indigenous 

311

750. Euphorbiaceae Drypetes pacifica (I.W.Bailey & A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

751. Euphorbiaceae Flueggea flexuosa Muell. Indigenous 

752. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus emblica L. Indigenous 

753. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus pergracilis Gillespie Endemic 

754. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus heterodoxus Muell. Possibly endemic 

755. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus wilkesianus Muell. Endemic 

756. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus virgatus Forst.f. Indigenous 

757. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus urinaria L. Indigenous 

758. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus amarus Schumacher & Thonnig Indigenous 

759. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd. Indigenous 

760. Euphorbiaceae Breynia disticha J.R.& G.Forst cv.'Rosea-picta' Exotic 

761. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion cordatum Seem. Endemic 

762. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion amentuligerum (Muell.Arg.) Croizat Endemic 

763. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion anfractuosum Gibbs. Endemic 

764. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion ramiflorum J.R.&G.Forst. Indigenous 

765. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion concolor Muell. Indigenous 

766. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion seemannii Muell. Endemic 

767. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion euryoides A.C.Smith Endemic 

768. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion vitiense (Muell.Arg.) Gillespie Endemic 

769. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion podocarpum (Muell.Arg.) C.B.Robinson Endemic 

770. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion calciphilum Croizat Endemic 

771. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion atrovirens A.C.Smith Endemic 

772. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion brunnescens A.C.Smith Endemic 

773. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion multilobum A.C.Smith Endemic 

774. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion gillespiei Croizat Endemic 

775. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion insutatum A.C.Smith Endemic 

776. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion bracteatum Gillespie Endemic 

312

777. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion collinum A.C.Smith Endemic 

778. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion atalotrichum A.C.Smith Endemic 

779. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion melvilliorum Airy Endemic 

780. Euphorbiaceae Bishofia javanica Bl. Possibly endemic 

781. Euphorbiaceae Austrobuxus horneanus (A.C.Smith) Airy Endemic 

782. Euphorbiaceae Petalostigma quadriloculare F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

783. Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis L. Indigenous 

784. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga membranacea Muell. Endemic 

785. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii (Muell.Arg.) Muell. Indigenous 

786. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii var.seemannii Indigenous 

787. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii var.capillata A.C.Smith Indigenous 

788. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii var.deltoidea A.C.Smith Endemic 

789. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga magna Turrill Endemic 

790. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga caesariata A.C.Smith Endemic 

791. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga graeffeana Pax & Hoffm. var.graeffeana Endemic 

792. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga graeffeana var.major A.C.Smith Endemic 

793. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga graeffeana Pax & Hoffm. var.crenata Endemic 

794. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga marikoensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

795. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga vitiensis Pax & Hoffm. Endemic 

796. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga harveyana (Muell.Arg.) Muell. Indigenous 

797. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga secunda Muell. Endemic 

798. Euphorbiaceae Cleidion leptostachyum (Muell.Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. Endemic 

799. Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon vitiense Gillespie Endemic 

800. Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon fallax Muell.Arg. Indigenous 

801. Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon echinospermum Muell. Endemic 

802. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha boehmerioides Miq. Indigenous 

803. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha grandis Benth. Indigenous 

313

804. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha hispida Burm.f. Exotic 

805. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha wilkesiana Muell.f.wilkesiana Exotic 

806. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha wilkesiana f.circinata Muell. Possibly endemic 

807. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha godseffiana Masters Exotic 

808. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rivularis Seem. Endemic 

809. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha insulana var.insulana Indigenous 

810. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha insulana var.flavicans Muell. Possibly endemic 

811. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha insulana var.subvillosa (Muell. Arg.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

812. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha repanda Muell. var.repanda Indigenous 

813. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha repanda var.denudata (Muell.Arg.)A.C.Smith Possibly indigenous 

814. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha amplexicaulis A.C.Smith Endemic 

815. Euphorbiaceae Mallotus tiliifolius (Bl.) Muell. Indigenous 

816. Euphorbiaceae Hevea brasiliensis (Willd.ex A.H.L.Juss) Muell. Exotic 

817. Euphorbiaceae Endospermum macrophyllum (Muell.Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. Endemic 

818. Euphorbiaceae Endospermum robbieanum A.C.Smith Endemic 

819. Euphorbiaceae Manihot exculenta Crantz Exotic 

820. Euphorbiaceae Manihot esculenta cv.'Variegata' Exotic 

821. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha curcas L. Indigenous 

822. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha integerrima Jacq. Indigenous 

823. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var.elegans (Pohl) Muell. Exotic 

824. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha podagrica Hook. Exotic 

825. Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Indigenous 

826. Euphorbiaceae Aleurites montana (Lour.) E.H.Wilson Exotic 

827. Euphorbiaceae Aleurites fordii Hemsl. Exotic 

828. Euphorbiaceae Codiaceum variegatum var. moluccanum (Dec.) Muell. Indigenous 

829. Euphorbiaceae Codiaeum variegatum var.variegatum f.variegatum 

Codiaeum variegatum var.variegatum f.taeniosum (Muell.Arg.) 

Exotic 

830. Euphorbiaceae Muell.Arg.ex J.W.Parham Exotic 

314

831. Euphorbiaceae Croton metallicus Seem.ex Muell.Arg. Endemic 

832. Euphorbiaceae Croton microtiglium Burkill Indigenous 

833. Euphorbiaceae Croton leptopus Muell. Endemic 

834. Euphorbiaceae Croton heterotrichus Muell. Endemic 

835. Euphorbiaceae Omalanthus nutans (Forst.f.) Guillemin Indigenous 

836. Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria agallocha L. Indigenous 

837. Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria acuminata Gillespie Endemic 

838. Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria confertiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

839. Euphorbiaceae Stillingia pacifica Muell. Indigenous 

840. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia splendens Bojer ex Hook. Indigenous 

841. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex Kl. Indigenous 

842. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Indigenous 

843. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia peplus L. Indigenous 

844. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tirucalli L. Indigenous 

845. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia fidjiana Boiss. Endemic 

846. Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small Indigenous 

847. Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce atoto (Forst.f.) Croizat Exotic 

848. Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Possibly indigenous 

849. Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. Indigenous 

850. Gonystylaceae Gonystylus punctatus A.C.Smith Endemic 

851. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria disperma (Forst.f.) Baill. Indigenous 

852. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria pubiflora (A.Gray) Gilg. Endemic 

853. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria pulchra Gillespie Endemic 

854. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria ixoroides Fosberg Endemic 

855. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria glabra (Turrill) Domke Indigenous 

856. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria montana (Seem.) Gilg. Endemic 

857. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria angustifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

315

858. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria acuminata (A.Gray) Gilg Indigenous 

859. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria lanceolata (A.Gray) Gilg Endemic 

860. Thymelaeaceae Wikstroemia foetida (L.f.) A.Gray var.vitiensis A.Gray Indigenous 

861. Lecythidaceae Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Indigenous 

862. Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz Exotic 

863. Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng. Indigenous 

864. Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia edulis Seem. Endemic 

865. Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia seatura Guppy Endemic 

866. Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora stylosa Griffith Indigenous 

867. Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora samoensis (Hochr.) Salvoza Indigenous 

868. Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora x selala (Salvoza) Tomlison Indigenous 

869. Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. Indigenous 

870. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis richii (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

871. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis pedunculata A.C.Smith Endemic 

872. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis harveyi Benth. Endemic 

873. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis parksii (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

874. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis seemannii (A.Gray) Schimper Endemic 

875. Flacourtiaceae Erythrospermum acuminatissimum (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

876. Flacourtiaceae Homalium vitiense Benth. Endemic 

877. Flacourtiaceae Homalium pallidum A.C.Smith Endemic 

878. Flacourtiaceae Homalium nitens Turrill Endemic 

879. Flacourtiaceae Homalium laurifolium A.C.Smith Endemic 

880. Flacourtiaceae Hydnocarpus wightianus Bl. Exotic 

881. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia mollipila Sleumer Endemic 

882. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia amalotricha A.C.Smith Endemic 

883. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

884. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia subintegra A.C.Smith Endemic 

316

885. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia degeneri A.C.Smith Endemic 

886. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia rukam Zoll.&Moritzi ex Moritzi Exotic 

887. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.)Raeusch. Exotic 

888. Flacourtiaceae Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb. Exotic 

889. Flacourtiaceae Xylosma orbiculatum (J.R.&G.Forst.)Forst.f. Indigenous 

890. Flacourtiaceae Xylosma simulans A.C.Smith Indigenous 

891. Flacourtiaceae Casearia parhamii A.C.Smith Endemic 

892. Flacourtiaceae Casearia fissistipula A.C.Smith Endemic 

893. Flacourtiaceae Casearia myrsinoides Sleumer Possibly endemic 

894. Flacourtiaceae Casearia richii A.Gray Possibly endemic 

895. Flacourtiaceae Casearia procera A.C.Smith Endemic 

896. Flacourtiaceae Casearia adiantoides Sleumer Endemic 

897. Flacourtiaceae Casearia angustifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

898. Flacourtiaceae Casearia longifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

899. Flacourtiaceae Casearia crassipes A.C.Smith Endemic 

900. Flacourtiaceae Casearia stenophylla A.C.Smith Endemic 

901. Flacourtiaceae Casearia pubipes A.C.smith Endemic 

902. Violaceae Melicytus fasciger Gillespie Indigenous 

903. Violaceae Agatea violaris A.Gray f.violaris Indigenous 

904. Violaceae Agatea violaris f.mollis A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

905. Violaceae Viola odorata L. Indigenous 

906. Turneraceae Turnera ulmifolia L. Exotic 

907. Passifloraceae Passiflora aurantia Forst.f. Indigenous 

908. Passifloraceae Passiflora barclayi (Seem.) Mast. Indigenous 

909. Passifloraceae Passiflora suberosa L. Exotic 

910. Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida L. var.hispida (DC. ex Triana & Planch.) Exotic 

911. Passifloraceae Passiflora edulis Sims. Exotic 

317

912. Passifloraceae Passiflora quadrangularis L. Exotic 

913. Passifloraceae Passiflora laurifolia L. Exotic 

914. Passifloraceae Passiflora maliformis L. Exotic 

915. Bixaceae Bixa orellana L. Exotic 

916. Cochlospermaceae Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng Exotic 

917. Cariacaceae Carica papaya L. Exotic 

918. Cucurbitaceae Momordica charantha L. Exotic 

919. Cucurbitaceae Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Exotic 

920. Cucurbitaceae Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Exotic 

921. Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus (Thub.) Mansf. Exotic 

922. Cucurbitaceae Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Exotic 

923. Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam. Exotic 

924. Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita pepo L. Exotic 

925. Cucurbitaceae Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.Roemer Exotic 

926. Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melo L. Exotic 

927. Cucurbitaceae Cucumis sativus L. Exotic 

928. Cucurbitaceae Zehneria mucronata (Bl.) Miq. Indigenous 

929. Cucurbitaceae Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Exotic 

930. Cucurbitaceae Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Endemic 

931. Cucurbitaceae Neoalsomitra intergrifoliola (Cogn.) Hutchinson Indigenous 

932. Begoniaceae Begonia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

933. Begoniaceae Begonia coccinea Hook. Exotic 

934. Begoniaceae Begonia x argenteo-guttata Lemoine Exotic 

935. Begoniaceae Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum Hort. Exotic 

936. Begoniaceae Begonia x ricinifolia A.Dietr. Exotic 

937. Begoniaceae Begonia rex Putz. Exotic 

938. Capparaceae Capparis cordifolia Lam. Indigenous 

318

939. Capparaceae Capparis quiniflora DC. Indigenous 

940. Capparaceae Crateva religiosa Forst.f. Indigenous 

941. Cleomaceae Cleome viscosa L. Exotic 

942. Cleomaceae Cleome gynandra L. Exotic 

943. Cleomaceae Cleome speciosa Raf. Exotic 

944. Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea L. var.capitata L. Exotic 

945. Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea L. var.botrytis L. Exotic 

946. Brassicaceae Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Cosson Exotic 

947. Brassicaceae Brassica campestris L. Exotic 

948. Brassicaceae Brassica chinensis L. Exotic 

949. Brassicaceae Raphanus sativus L. Exotic 

950. Brassicaceae Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. Exotic 

951. Brassicaceae Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Exotic 

952. Brassicaceae Rorripa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek ex Mansf. Exotic 

953. Brassicaceae Rorripa sarmentosa (DC.) Macbride Indigenous 

954. Brassicaceae Rorripa indica (L.) Hiern var.apetala (DC.) Hochr. Exotic 

955. Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. Exotic 

956. Salicaceae Salix babylonica L. Exotic 

957. Ericaceae Rhododendron x pulchrum Sweet Exotic 

958. Ericaceae Paphia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

959. Epacridaceae Leucopogon septentrionalis Schlechter Indigenous 

960. Symplocaceae Symplocos leptophylla (Brand) Turrill Indigenous 

961. Symplocaceae Symplocos turrilliana A.C.Smith Endemic 

962. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica (J.R.&G.Forst.) P.S.Green Indigenous 

963. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica var.elliptica Endemic 

964. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica var.fructuosa A.C.Smith Endemic 

965. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica var.fijiensis (Bakh.)A.C.Smith Endemic 

319

966. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica var.foliosa (Rich ex A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

967. Ebenaceae Erythrospermum acuminatissimum (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

968. Ebenaceae Diospyros gillespiei (Fosberg) Kostermans var.gillespiei. Endemic 

969. Ebenaceae Diospyros gillespiei var.nandarivatensis (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

970. Ebenaceae Diospyros phlebodes (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

971. Ebenaceae Diospyros major (Forst.f.)Bahk. Indigenous 

972. Ebenaceae Diospyros fasciculosa (F.v.Muell.) F.v.Muell. Possibly exotic 

973. Ebenaceae Diospyros samoensis A. Gray Indigenous 

974. Ebenaceae Diospyros vitiensis Gillespie var.vitiensis 

Diospyros vitiensis Gillespie var.longisepala (Gillespie) 

Endemic 

975. Ebenaceae A.C.Smith Endemic 

976. Sapotaceae Planchonella sessilis A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

977. Sapotaceae Planchonella brevipes A.C.Smith Endemic 

978. Sapotaceae Planchonella grayana St.John Indigenous 

979. Sapotaceae Planchonella umbonata (van Royen) A.C.Smith Endemic 

980. Sapotaceae Planchonella smithii (van Royen) A.C.Smith Endemic 

981. Sapotaceae Planchonella garberi Christopherson Indigenous 

982. Sapotaceae Planchonella vitiensis Gillespie Endemic 

983. Sapotaceae Planchonella membranacea Lam Indigenous 

984. Sapotaceae Planchonella pyrulifera (A.Gray) Lam ex Royen Endemic 

985. Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum cainito L. Exotic 

986. Sapotaceae Calocarpum sapota (Jacq.) Merr. Exotic 

987. Sapotaceae Burckella hillii (Horne ex Baker) Lam Endemic 

988. Sapotaceae Burckella parvifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

989. Sapotaceae Burckella richii (A.Gray) Lam Possibly exotic 

990. Sapotaceae Burckella obovata (Forst.f.) Pierre Exotic 

991. Sapotaceae Burckella fijiensis (Hemsl.)A.C.Smith Endemic 

992. Sapotaceae Buckella thurstonii (Hemsl.) Lam Endemic 

320

993. Sapotaceae Palaquium fidjiense Pierre ex Dubard Endemic 

994. Sapotaceae Palaquium hornei (Hartog ex Baker) Dubard Endemic 

995. Sapotaceae Palaquium porphyreum A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

996. Sapotaceae Palaquium vitilevuense Gilly ex van Royen Endemic 

997. Sapotaceae Manilkara dissecta (L.f.) Dubard Indigenous 

998. Sapotaceae Manilkara smithiana Lam & Maas Geester. Endemic 

999. Sapotaceae Manilkara vitiensis (Lam & van Olden) Meeuse Endemic 

1000. Sapotaceae 6 

Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen Exotic 


Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard Exotic 


Mimusops elengi L. Exotic 

1003. Myrsinaceae 6 

Maesa corylifolia A. Gray Endemic 


Maesa pickeringii A.Gray Endemic 


Maesa tabacifolia Mez Indigenous 


Maesa insularis Gillespie Endemic 


Maesa tongensis Mez Indigenous 


Maesa persicifolia A. Gray Endemic 


Maesa vitiensis Seem. Endemic 


Ardisia brackenridgei (A.Gray) Mez Endemic 


Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC. Exotic 


Tapeinosperma capitatum (A.Gray) Mez Endemic 


Tapeinosperma megaphyllum (Hemsl.) Mez Endemic 


Tapeinosperma hornei Mez Endemic 


Tapeinosperma divaricatum (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Tapeinosperma ligulifolium A.C.Smith Endemic 


Tapeinosperma clavatum Mez Endemic 


Tapeinosperma ampliflorum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Tapeinosperma chloranthum A.C.Smith Endemic 

321


Tapeinosperma multiflorum (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Tapeinosperma grande (Seem.) Mez Endemic 


Tapeinosperma babucense Mez Endemic 


Tapeinosperma greenwoodii A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dioscocalyx fusca Gibbs Endemic 


Dioscocalyx amplifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dioscocalyx crinita A.C.Smith Endemic 


Embelia gracilis Turrill Endemic 


Rapanea myricifolia (A.Gray) Mez Indigenous 


Rapanea crassiramea A.C.Smith Endemic 


Rapanea polyantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Rapanea hadrocarpa A.C.Smith Endemic 

1032. Cunoniaceae 1 

Spiraeanthemum graeffei Seem. Endemic 


Spiraeanthemum serratum Gillespie Endemic 


Spiraeanthemum katakata Seem. Endemic 


Acsmithia vitiensis (A.Gray) Hoogl. Endemic 


Geissois superba Gillespie Endemic 


Geissois imthurnii Turrill Endemic 


Geissois stipularis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Geissois ternata A. Gray Endemic 


Geissois ternata var.ternata Possibly endemic 


Geissois ternata var.glabrior A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Geissois ternata var.serrata A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Geissois ternata var.minor A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Weinmannia affinis A. Gray Endemic 


Weinmannia spiraeoides A. Gray Endemic 


Weinmannia richi A. Gray Endemic 

322


Weinmannia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 


Weinmannia exigua A.C.Smith Endemic 


Pullea perryana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1050. Davidsoniaceae 1 

Davidsonia pruriens F.v.Muell.var.pruriens Indigenous 

1051. Pittosporaceae 2 

Pittosporum rhytidocarpum A. Gray Endemic 


Pittosporum oligodontum Gillespie Endemic 


Pittosporum arborescens Rich ex A. Gray Indigenous 


Pittosporum pickeringii A. Gray Endemic 


Pittosporum brackenridgei A. Gray Indigenous 


Pittosporum phillyraeoides DC. Exotic 

1057. Crassulaceae 2 

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Indigenous 

1058. Rosaceae 2 

Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne Exotic 


Rosa damascena Mill. Indigenous 


Rosa moluccanus L. var.austropacificus van Royen Indigenous 


Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.)Lindl. Exotic 

1062. Chrysobalanaceae 3 

Chrysobalanus icaco L. Exotic 


Parinari insularum A. Gray Indigenous 


Atuna racemosa Raf. Indigenous 


Atuna elliptica (Kostermans) Kostermans Endemic 

1066. Mimosaceae 3 

Parkia parrii Horne ex Baker Endemic 


Adenathera pavonia L. Exotic 


Entada phaseoioides (L.) Merr. Indigenous 


Mimosa pudica L. var.unijuga (Duchass.&Walp.)Griseb. Indigenous 


Mimosa invisa Mart.ex Colla var.invisa Exotic 


Mimosa invisa Mart.ex Colla var.inermis Adelb. Exotic 


Mimosa bimucronata (DC.)Kuntze Exotic 


Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Indigenous 

323


Schleinitzia insularum (Guillemin) Burkart Indigenous 


Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Indigenous 


Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Exotic 


Acasia curassavica (Britton & Killip) Stehle Exotic 


Acasia polystachya A.Cunn.ex Benth Exotic 


Acasia pendula A.Cunn.ex G.Don Exotic 


Acasia simplex (Sparrman) Pedley Exotic 


Acasia mathuataensis A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Acasia richii A. Gray Endemic 


Albizia falcataria (L.)Fosberg Exotic 


Albizia saponaria (Lour.) Bl. ex Miq. Exotic 


Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Exotic 


Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Exotic 


Albizia saman (Jacq.) F.v.Muell. Exotic 


Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. Exotic 


Calliandra surinamensis Benth. Exotic 


Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Exotic 


Serianthes melanesica Fosberg var.melanesica Endemic 


Serianthes melanesica Fosberg var.meeboldi Fosberg Endemic 


Serianthes vitiensis A. Gray Endemic 

1094. Caesalpiniaceae 6 

Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne Exotic 


Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Endemic 


Colvillea racemosa Bojer ex Hook. Endemic 


Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Exotic 


Caesalpinia bondue (L.) Roxb. Indigenous 


Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Exell Indigenous 


Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. Exotic 

324


Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Exotic 


Caesalpinia sappan L. Exotic 


Haematoxylum campechianum L. Exotic 


Ceratonia siliqua L. Exotic 


Storckiella vitiensis Seem. Endemic 


Cassia fistula L. Exotic 


Cassia brewsteri (F.v.Muell.) Benth. Exotic 


Cassia grandis L.f. Exotic 


Cassia javanica L. Exotic 


Cassia javanica var.javanica Exotic 


Cassia javanica var.indochinensis Gagnepain Exotic 


Cassia roxburghii DC. Exotic 


Senna sulfurea (DC. ex Colladon) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 


Senna glanduligera (St.John) A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Senna slamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 


Senna bacillaris (L.f.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 


Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Exotic 


Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 


Senna hirsuta (L.) Irwin & Barneby Indigenous 


Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Indigenous 


Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. Indigenous 


Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Exotic 


Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 


Senna multijuga (L.C.Rich.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 


Senna multijuga subsp. lindleyana (Gardner) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 


Senna pallida (Vahl) Irwin & Barneby Indigenous 


Senna pallida var.bahamensis Irwin & Barneby Possibly exotic 

325


Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench Exotic 


Chamaecrista nictitans var.glabrata (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

1130. Caesalpiniaceae Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene Exotic 


Bauhinia monandra Kurz Exotic 


Bauhinia tomentosa L. Exotic 


Bauhinia purpurea L. Exotic 


Bauhinia variegata L. Exotic 


Bauhinia variegata var.variegata Exotic 


Bauhinia variegata var.candida Voigt Exotic 


Cynometra cauliflora L. Exotic 


Cynometra falcata A.Gray Endemic 


Cynometra insularis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Maniltoa grandiflora (A.Gray) Scheffer Indigenous 


Maniltoa minor A.C.Smith Endemic 


Maniltoa floribunda A.C.Smith Endemic 


Maniltoa vestita A.C.Smith Endemic 


Lysidice rhodostegia Hance Exotic 


Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde Exotic 


Instia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze Indigenous 


Kingiodendron platycarpum B.L.Burtt Endemic 


Brownea spp. Exotic 


Tamarindus indica L. Exotic 

1150. Fabaceae 1 

Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var.pereirae (Royle) Harms Exotic 


Castanospermum australe Cunn. & Fraser ex Hook. Exotic 


Ormosia monosperma (Sw.) Urb. Exotic 


Sphora tomentosa L. Indigenous 


Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. Exotic 

326


Andira inermis (Wright) DC. Exotic 


Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennst.) Prain Indigenous 


Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Exotic 


Inocarpus fagifer (Parkinson) Fosberg Exotic 


Arbrus precatorius L. Exotic 


Derris microphylla (Miq.) B.D.Jackson Exotic 


Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. Exotic 


Derris trifoliata Lour. Possibly indigenous 


Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. Exotic 


Derris malaccensis (Benth.) Prain Exotic 


Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) DC. Exotic 


Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Indigenous 


Tephrosia noctiflora Bojer ex Baker Exotic 


Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. Exotic 


Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Exotic 


Gliricida sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp Exotic 


Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. Exotic 


Sesbania coccinea (L.f.) Poir. Indigenous 


Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.F.Wight Exotic 


Sesbania bispinosa var.micrantha (Chiov.) J.B.Gillett Exotic 


Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. Exotic 


Indigofera trita L.f. Exotic 


Indigofera trita var.scabra (Roth) Ali Exotic 


Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Exotic 


Indigofera tinctoria L. Exotic 


Indigofera hirsuta L. Exotic 


Indigofera spicata Forssk. Exotic 

327


Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Exotic 


Dendrobium umbellatum (L.) Benth. Indigenous 


Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Exotic 


Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. Exotic 


Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. Exotic 


Desmodium incanum DC. Exotic 


Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. Indigenous 


Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. var.strigosum van Meeuwen Exotic 


Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Exotic 


Desmodium heterophyllum (Willd.) DC. Exotic 


Codariocalyx gyroides (Roxb.ex Link) Hassk. Exotic 


Uraria lagopodoides (L.) Desv. ex DC. Indigenous 


Christia vespertilionis (L.f.) Bakh.f. Exotic 


Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Exotic 


Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don Exotic 


Erythrina fusca Lour. Indigenous 


Erythrina x bidwillii Lindl. Exotic 


Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. Exotic 


Erythrina variegata L. Exotic 


Strongylodon lucidus (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 


Strongylodon macrobotrys A.Gray Exotic 


Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Exotic 


Mucuna pruriens subsp.pruriens var.utilis (Wight) Burck Exotic 


Mucuna novo-guineensis Scheffer Exotic 


Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. Indigenous 


Mucuna platyphylia A.Gray Indigenous 


Mucuna stanleyi C.T.White Indigenous 

328


Macropsychanthus lauterbachii Harms subsp.parviflorus 

Verdcourt Indigenous 


Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. Exotic 


Canavalia cathartica Thou. Exotic 


Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. Indigenous 


Canavalia sericea A.Gray Exotic 


Canavalia vitiensis Sauer Endemic 


Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Exotic 


Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Exotic 


Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Exotic 


Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. Exotic 


Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth ex Seem. Exotic 


Glycine max (L.) Merr. Exotic 


Neonotonia wightii (Arn. In Wight & Arn.) Lackey Exotic 


Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng Exotic 


Centrosema pubescens Benth. Exotic 


Clitoria ternatea L. Indigenous 


Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. Exotic 


Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Possibly exotic 


Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdcourt Exotic 


Macrotyloma axillare (E.Meyer) Verdcourt Exotic 


Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal Exotic 


Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi Exotic 


Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Exotic 


Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek Exotic 


Vigna reflexo-pilosa Hayata Indigenous 


Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Exotic 


Vigna unguiculata subsp.unguiculata Exotic 

329


Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) Eselt Exotic 


Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt Exotic 


Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. Indigenous 


Vigna adenantha (G.F.W.Meyer) Marechal Possibly exotic 


Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Exotic 


Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. Exotic 


Phaseolus lunatus L. Exotic 


Phaseolus vulgaris L. Exotic 


Phaseolus coccineus L. Exotic 


Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth Possibly exotic 


Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. Exotic 


Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr. Exotic 


Rhynchosia minima (L.)DC. Exotic 


Ormocarpum orientale (Spreng.) Merr. Indigenous 


Aeschnomene indica L. Exotic 


Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. Exotic 


Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.Nova Exotic 


Arachis hypogaea L. Exotic 


Vicia faba L. Exotic 


Lathyrus odoratus L. Exotic 


Lens culinaris Medik. Exotic 


Pisum sativum L. Exotic 


Cicer arietinum L. Exotic 


Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Exotic 


Medicago sativa L. Exotic 


Trifolium repens L. Exotic 


Crotalaria retusa L. Exotic 

330


Crotalaria juncea L. Exotic 


Crotolaria incana L. Exotic 


Crotolaria incana subsp. purpurascens (Lam.) Milne-Redh. Exotic 


Crotalaria pallida Ait. Exotic 


Crotalaria pallida var. obovata (G.Don.) Polhill Possibly indigenous 


Crotalaria anagyroides H.B.K.Nova Exotic 


Crotalaria quinquefolia L. Exotic 


Crotalaria grahamiana Wight & Arn. Exotic 


Lotononis bainesii Baker Exotic 

1272. Connaraceae 2 

Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Alston Indigenous 

1273. Connaraceae 2 

Connarus pickeringii A.Gray Endemic 

1274. Lythraceae 2 

Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) Macbr. Exotic 


Cuphea hyssopifolia H.B.K.Nova Exotic 


Cuphea llavea Lex. Exotic 


Cuphea micropetala H.B.K.Nova Exotic 


Cuphea ignea A.DC. Exotic 


Pemphis acidula J.R.&G.Forst. Indigenous 


Lagerstroemia indica L. Exotic 


Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Exotic 


Lawsonia inermis L. Exotic 

1283. Myrtaceae 2 

Metrosideros collina var.villosa (L.f.) A.Gray Indigenous 


Metrosideros collina var.collina Indigenous 


Metrosideros collina var.fruiticosa J.W.Moore Indigenous 


Metrodideros ochrantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Syncarpia glomulifera (Sm.) Niedenzu Exotic 


Eucalyptus deglupta Bl. Exotic 


Eucalyptus leptophleba F.v.Muell. Exotic 

331


Eucalyptus creba F.v.Muell. Exotic 


Eucalyptus staigeriana F.v.Muell.ex F.M.Bailey Exotic 


Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. Exotic 


Eucalyptus botryoides Sm. x robusta Exotic 


Eucalyptus resinifera Sm. Exotic 


Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Exotic 


Eucalyptus torelliana F.v.Muell. Exotic 


Eucalyptus corymbosa Sm. Exotic 


Eucalyptus calophylla R.Br. Exotic 


Eucalyptus maculata Hook. Exotic 


Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Exotic 


Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels Exotic 


Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake Exotic 


Melaleuca linariifolia Sm. Exotic 


Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. Exotic 


Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W.Moore Exotic 


Psidium guajava L. Exotic 


Psidium cattleianum Sabine Exotic 


Myrtus communis L. Exotic 


Decaspermum vitiense (A.Gray) Niedenzu Endemic 


Decaspermum cryptanthum A.J.Scott Endemic 


Syzygium wolfii (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium brackenridgei (A.Gray) C.Muell. Indigenous 


Syzygium dubium (Perry) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Syzygium oblongifolium (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium confertiflorum (A.Gray) C.Muell. Endemic 


Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Exotic 

332


Syzygium corynocarpum (A.Gray) C.Muell. Indigenous 


Syzygium diffusum (Turrill) Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium purpureum (Perry) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Syzygium effusum (A.Gray) c.Muell. Indigenous 


Syzygium minus A.C.Smith Endemic 


Syzygium seemannianum Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium curvistylum (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry Indigenous 


Syzygium fijiense Perry Endemic 


Syzygium phaeophyllum Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium rubescens (A.Gray) C.Muell. Endemic 


Syzygium amicorum (A.Gray) C.Muell. Possibly endemic 


Syzygium grayi (Seem.) Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium simillimum Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium nidie Guillaumin Indigenous 

1331. Myrtaceae Syzygium leucanthum Perry Endemic 


Syzygium neurocalyx (A.Gray) Christopherson Indigenous 


Syzygium amplifolium Perry Endemic 


Syzygium gracilipes (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium richii (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry Indigenous 


Syzygium samarangense (Bl.) Merr. & Perry Exotic 


Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry Exotic 


Syzygium quadrangulatum (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry Indigenous 


Syzygium nandarivatense (Gillespie) Perry Endemic 


Syzygium gillespie Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Syzygium tetrapleurum Perry Endemic 


Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Exotic 


Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry Possibly exotic 

333


Syzygium myrtoides (A. Gray) R. Schmid Syn. 

Cleistocalyx myrtoides (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry 

Syzygium seemannii (A. Gray) Biffin & Craven Syn. 

Endemic 


Cleistocalyx seemannii (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry var. seemannii 


Endemic 


Cleistocalyx seemannii var. punctatus Merr. & Perry 


Endemic 


Cleistocalyx ellipticus (A.C.Smith) Merr. & Perry 


Endemic 


Cleistocalyx longiflorus (A.C.Smith) Merr. & Perry 

Syzygium eugenioides (Merr. & L.M. Perry) Biffin & Craven 

Endemic 


Syn. Cleistocalyx eugenioides Merr. & Perry 


Endemic 


Cleistocalyx kasiensis A.C.Smith 

Syzygium decussates (A.C. Sm.) Biffin & Craven Syn. 

Endemic 


Cleistocalyx decussatus A.C.Smith Endemic 


Piliocalyx concinnus A.C.Smith Endemic 


Eugenia uniflora L. Exotic 


Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. Exotic 


Jossinia reinwardtiana (Bl.) Bl. Indigenous 

1356. Punicaceae 3 

Punica granatum L. Exotic 

1357. Onagraceae 3 

Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven subsp. octovalvis Indigenous 


Ludwigia octovalvis subsp.sessiliflora (M.Mitcheli) Raven Indigenous 


Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell Indigenous 


Ludwigia peploides (H.B.K.) Raven subsp. peploides Indigenous 

1361. Melastomataceae 3 

Tibouchina semidecandra (Schrank & Mart. ex DC.) Cogn. Exotic 


Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana Exotic 


Melastoma denticulatum Labill. Indigenous 


Clidemia hirta (L.)D. Indigenous 

334


Medinella longicymosa Gibbs Endemic 


Medinella waterhousei Seem. Endemic 


Medinella spectabilis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Medinella heterophylla A.Gray Endemic 


Medinella archboldiana A.C.Smith Endemic 


Medinella kandavuensis A.C.Sm. Endemic 


Medinella decora A.C.Smith Endemic 


Medinella rhodochlaena A.Gray Endemic 


Medinella subviridis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Medinella kambikambi A.C.Smith Endemic 


Medinella ovalifolia (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Astronidium saule A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Astronidium confertiflorum (A.Gray) Markgraf Endemic 


Astronidium parviflorum A.Gray Endemic 


Astronidium floribundum (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1380. Melastomataceae Astronidium victoriae (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Astronidium inflatum (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Astronidium degeneri A.C.Sm. Endemic 


Astronidium macranthum (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Astronidium lepidotum A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Astronidium robustum (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Astronidium sessile (A.C.Smith ) A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Astronidium tomentosum (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Astronidium storckii Seem. Endemic 


Astronidium kasiense A.C.Smith Endemic 


Astronidium pallidiflorum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Memecylon vitiense A.Gray Indigenous 

335


Memecylon insperratum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1393. Combretaceae 3 

Combretum constrictum (Benth.) M.Lawson Exotic 


Quisqualis indica L. Exotic 


Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Exotic 


Terminalia brassil Excell Exotic 


Terminalia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Terminalia simulans A.C.Smith Endemic 


Terminalia pterocarpa Melville & P.Green Endemic 


Terminalia luteola A.C.Smith Endemic 


Terminalia strigillosa A.C.Smith Endemic 


Terminalia capitanea A.C.Smith Endemic 


Terminalia psilantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Terminalia crebrifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 


Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Indigenous 


Terminalia richii A. Gray Exotic 


Terminalia catappa L. Exotic 


Terminalia litoralis Seem. var. litoralis Indigenous 


Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt Indigenous 

1410. Anacardiaceae 3 

Buchanania vitiensis Engl. Endemic 


Buchanania attenuata A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Magnifera indica L. Exotic 


Anacardium occidentale L. Exotic 


Spondias dulcis Parkinson Exotic 


Dracontomelon vitiense Engl. Indigenous 


Pleiogynium timoriense (DC.) Leenh. Exotic 


Pleiogynium hapalum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Harpephyllum caffrum Bernhardi ex Krauss Exotic 

336


Pistacia chinensis Bunge Exotic 


Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Exotic 


Rhus simarubifolia A. Gray Indigenous 


Semecarpus vitiensis (A. Gray) Engl. Indigenous 

1423. Burseraceae 3 

Haplolobus floribundus (K.Schum) Lam 

Haplolobus floribundus subsp. salomonensis (C.T.White) 

Indigenous 


Leenh. Indigenous 


Canarium harveyi Seem. Indigenous 


Canarium harveyi var. harveyi Indigenous 


Canarium harveyi var. scandens Leenh. Endemic 


Canarium indicum L. Exotic 


Canarium vulgare Leenh. Indigenous 


Canarium vanikoroense Leenh. Indigenous 


Canarium vitiense A. Gray Indigenous 

1432. Simaroubaceae 0 

Amaroria soulameoides A. Gray Endemic 

1433. Surianaceae 4 

Suriana maritima L. Indigenous 

1434. Rutaceae 4 

Zanthoxylum pinnatum (J.R. & G.Forst.) W. Oliver Indigenous 


Zanthoxylum gillespieanum (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Zanthoxylum vitiense A.C.Smith Endemic 


Zanthoxylum myrianthum (A.C.Smith) Waterman Endemic 


Euodia hortensis J.R. & G.Forst. Exotic 


Euodia hortensis f. hortensis 

Euodia hortensis f. simplicifolia (Rechinger) K. Schum. ex 

Exotic 


Lauterb. Exotic 


Melicope seemannii (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Melicope cucullata (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Melicope cucullata var. cucullata Endemic 


Melicope cucullata var. robustor (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

337


Melicope vitiensis (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Melicope vitiensis var. vitiensis Endemic 


Melicope vitiensis var. minor (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Melicope evansensis (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Melicope homoeophylla A.C.Smith Endemic 

1450. Rutaceae Melicope taveuniensis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Melicope falviflora A.C.Smith Endemic 


Melicope robusta A.C.Smith Endemic 


Melicope capillacea (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Sarcomelicope petiolaris (A. Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Micromelum minutum (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 


Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Exotic 


Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Exotic 


Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) P.Wilson Exotic 


Wenzelia kambarae Swingle Endemic 


Citrus medica L. Exotic 


Citrus reticulata Blanco Exotic 


Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle Exotic 


Citrus aurantium L. Exotic 


Citrus sinensis (L.)Osbeck Exotic 


Citrus maxima (Burm.)Merr. Abo . intro 


Citrus x paradisi Macfad. Exotic 


Citrus macroptera Montr. Exotic 


Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle Exotic 


Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Possibly exotic 


Limonia acidissima L. Exotic 

1471. Meliaceae 4 

Melia azedarach L. Exotic 

338


Azadirachta indica A.H.L. Exotic 


Vavaea amicorum Benth. Indigenous 


Vavaea harveyi Seem. Endemic 


Vavaea megaphylla C.H.Wright Endemic 


Vavaea degeneri A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia haplophylla A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia axillaris A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia vitiensis A.C.Smith var. vitiensis Endemic 


Aglaia vitiensis var.minor A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia gracilis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia amplexicaulis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia evansensis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia saltatorum A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Aglaia elegans Gillespie Endemic 


Aglaia venusta A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia basiphylla A.Gray Endemic 


Aglaia greenwoodii A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia fragilis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia archboldiana A.C.Smith Endemic 


Aglaia parksii A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dysoxylum quercifolium (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dysoxylum richii (A.Gray) C.DC. Endemic 


Dysoxylum aliquantulum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dysoxylum myriandrum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dysoxylum lenticellare Gillespie Endemic 


Dysoxylum gillespieanum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dysoxylum seemannii Gillespie Endemic 

339


Dysoxylum tenuiflorum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dysoxylum hornei var.hornei Endemic 


Dysoxylum hornei var. glabratum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cedrela odorata L. Exotic 


Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC. Exotic 


Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.H.L. Exotic 


Swietenia macrophylla King Exotic 


Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Exotic 


Xylocarpus granatum Koenig Indigenous 


Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M.Roem. Indigenous 

1509. Zygophyllaceae 4 

Tribulus terrestris L. Possibly exotic 

1510. Sapindaceae 4 

Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Indigenous 


Allophylus timoriensis (DC.) Bl. Indigenous 


Allophyllus umbrinus A.C.Smith Endemic 


Sapindus vitiensis A.Gray Indigenous 


Litchi chinensis Sonnerat Exotic 


Alectryon grandifolius A.C.Smith Endemic 


Alectryon samoensis Christophersen Indigenous 


Guioa rhoifolia (A.Gray) Radlk. Indigenous 


Guioa chrysea A.C.Smith Endemic 


Guioa capillacea A.C.Smith Endemic 


Arytera brackenridgei (A.Gray) Radlk. Indigenous 


Cupaniopsis concolor (Gillespie) Van der Ham Endemic 


Cupaniopsis leptobotrys (A.Gray) Radlk. Endemic 


Cupaniopsis amoena A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cupaniopsis vitiensis Radlk. Endemic 


Elattostachys falcata (A.Gray) Radlk. Indigenous 

340


Elattostachys venosa A.C.Smith Endemic 


Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cossignia pacifica A.C.Smith Endemic 


Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Indigenous 


Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thw.ex Hook.f. Possibly exotic 


Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. Indigenous 

1532. Coriariaceae 5 

Coriaria ruscifolia L. Indigenous 

1533. Oxalidaceae 5 

Oxalis barrelieri L. Indigenous 


Oxalis corniculata L. Exotic 


Oxalis novae-guineensis Lourt. Indigenous 


Oxalis corymbosa DC. Exotic 


Averrhoa carambola L. Possibly exotic 


Averrhoa bilimbi L. Possibly exotic 

1539. Balsaminaceae 5 

Impatiens wallerana Hook.f. Indigenous 

1540. Balsaminaceae 5 

Impatiens balsamina L. Exotic 

1541. Araliaceae 5 

Meryta tenuifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 


Polyscias corticata Gibbs Endemic 


Polyscias multijuga (A.Gray) Harms Indigenous 


Polyscias scutellaria (Burm.f.) Fosberg Exotic 


Polyscias guilfoylei (Bull) L.H.Bailey var.guilfoylei Exotic 


Polyscias guilfoylei var. laciniata (Hort.) L.H.Bailey Possibly exotic 


Polyscias cumingiana (Presl) Fern.-Vill. Exotic 


Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms Exotic 


Polyscias joskei Gibbs Endemic 


Polyscias culminicola A.C.Smith Endemic 


Plerandra bakeriana A.C.Smith Endemic 


Plerandra grandiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

341


Plerandra victoriae Gibbs Endemic 


Plerandra vitiensis (Seem.) Baill. Endemic 


Plerandra grayi Seem. Endemic 


Plerandra pickeringii A.Gray Endemic 


Plerandra insolita A.C.Smith Endemic 


Schefflera euthytricha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Scheffelra vitiensis (A.Gray) Seem. Endemic 


Schefflera costata A.C.Smith Endemic 


Schefflera seemanniana A.C.Smith 

Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms Syn. Brassaia 

Endemic 


actinophylla Endl. Culltivated 

1563. Apiaceae 5 

Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Indigenous 


Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Possibly indigenous 


Eryngium foetidum L. Exotic 


Daucus carota L. Exotic 


Coriandrum sativum L. Exotic 


Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F.v.Muell.ex Benth. Possibly exotic 


Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Exotic 


Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex Airy Shaw Exotic 

1571. Linaceae 5 

Durandea vitiensis Stapf Endemic 

1572. Celastraceae 5 

Celastrus richii A.Gray Endemic 


Maytenus vitiensis (A.Gray) DingHou Indigenous 


Cassine vitiensis (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1575. Hippocrateaceae 5 

Salacia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1576. Hippocrateaceae 5 

Salacia pachycarpa A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1577. Aquifoliaceae 5 

Ilex vitiensis A.Gray Endemic 

1578. Icacinaceae 5 

Citronella vitiensis R.Howard Endemic 

1579. Icacinaceae 5 

Medusanthera vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

342

1580. Dichapetalaceae 5 

Dichapetalum vitiense (Seem.) Engl. Indigenous 

1581. Rhamnaceae 5 

Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Indigenous 


Emmenosperma micropetalum (A.C.Smith) M.Johnston Endemic 


Alphitonia zizyphoides (Spreng.) A.Gray Indigenous 


Alphitonia franguloides A.Gray Endemic 


Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Possibly indigenous 


Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Exotic 


Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Exotic 


Rhamnella vitiensis (Benth.) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ventilago vitiensis A.Gray Indigenous 


Smythea lanceata (Tul.) Summerhayes Possibly exotic 


Gouania richii A.Gray Endemic 

1592. Vitaceae 5 

Tetrastigma vitiense (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cayratia seemanniana A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cayratia acuminata (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1595. Leeaceae 5 

Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Indigenous 

1596. Malpighiaceae 5 

Hiptage myrtifolia A.Gray Endemic 


Tristellateia australasiae A.Rich. Exotic 


Galphimia gracilis Bartling Exotic 


Malpighia coccigera L. Exotic 

1600. Polygalaceae 5 

Polygala paniculata L. Exotic 

1601. Alangiaceae 5 

Alangium vitiense (A.Gray) Baill. ex Harms Endemic 

1602. Olacaceae 5 

Anacolosa lutea Gillespie Indigenous 

1603. Olacaceae 5 

Ximenia americana L. Indigenous 

1604. Santalaceae 5 

Exocarpos vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1605. Santalaceae 5 

Santalum yasi Seem. Indigenous 

1606. Loranthaceae 5 

Decaisnina forsteriana (J.A.&J.H.Schultes) Indigenous 

343

1607. Viscaceae 5 

Korthalsella horneana van Tieghem Endemic 

1608. Viscaceae 5 

Korthalsella platycaula (van Tieghem) Engl. Indigenous 

1609. Balanophoraceae 5 

Balanophora fungosa J.R.&G.Forst. subsp.fungosa Indigenous 

1610. Proteaceae 5 

Grevillea banksii R.Br. Exotic 


Macadamia tetraphylla L.Johnson Exotic 


Turrillia vitiensis (Turrill) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Turrillia ferruginea (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1614. Loganiaceae 1 

Geniostoma macrophyllum Gillespie Endemic 


Geniostoma stipulare A.C.Smith Endemic 


Geniostoma confertiflorum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Geniostoma clavigerum A.C.Smith & Stone Endemic 


Geniostoma uninervium A.C.Smith & Stone Endemic 


Geniostoma vitiense Gilg & Benedict Indigenous 


Geniostoma calcicola A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 


Geniostoma rupestre J.R.&G.Forst. Indigenous 


Geniostoma insulare A.C.Smith & Stone Indigenous 


Strychnos vitiensis A.W.Hill Endemic 


Neuburgia corynocarpa (A. Gray) Leenh. Indigenous 


Neuburgia collina (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Neuburgia alata (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Neuburgia macroloba (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Neuburgia macrocarpa (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth. Indigenous 


Fagraea gracilipes A.Gray Possibly endemic 

1631. Apocynaceae 1 

Melodinus vitiensis Rolfe Indigenous 


Melodinus glaber Turrill Indigenous 


Ochrosia vitiensis (Markgraf) Pichon Indigenous 

344


Neisosperma oppositifolium (Lam.) Fosberg & Sachet Indigenous 


Alyxia stellata (J.R.&G.Forst.) Roemer & Schultes var.stellata Indigenous 


Alyxia stellata var.amoena (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Alyxia linearifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 


Alyxia erythrosperma Gillespie Endemic 


Alyxia ovalifolia Gillespie Endemic 


Alyxia bracteolosa A.Gray var. bracteolosa Indigenous 


Alyxia bracteolosa var.macrocarpa A.Gray Endemic 


Alyxia bracteolosa var.angustifolia A.Gray Indigenous 


Alyxia bracteolosa var.retusa Markgraf Endemic 


Alstonia montana Turrill Endemic 


Alstonia pacifica (Seem.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Alstonia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 


Alstonia vitiensis f.vitiensis Endemic 


Alstonia vitiensis f.glabra A.C.Smith Endemic 


Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don. Exotic 


Carruthersia scandens (Seem.) Endemic 


Carruthersia latifolia Gillespie Endemic 


Carruthersia macrantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Endemic 


Plumeria rubra L. Exotic 


Plumeria rubra L.f.rubra Exotic 


Plumeria rubra f. acutifolia (Poir.) Woodson Exotic 


Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Exotic 


Cerbera manghas L. Indigenous 


Pagiantha thurstonii (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ervatamia obtusiuscula Markgraf Indigenous 

345


Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Stapf Exotic 


Allamanda cathartica L. Exotic 


Allamanda cathartica cv.'Hendersonii' Exotic 


Allamanda schottii Pohl Exotic 


Allamanda violacea Gardner Exotic 


Nerium oleander L. Exotic 


Beaumontia grandiflora Wall. Exotic 


Parsonsia laevis (A.Gray) Markgraf Indigenous 


Parsonia smithii Markgraf Endemic 

1670. Asclepiadaceae 5 

Asclepias curassavica L. Exotic 


Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait. Exotic 


Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. Exotic 


Tylophora brackenridgei A.Gray Endemic 


Tylophora samoensis A.Gray Indigenous 


Tylophora subnuda (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Tylophora venulosa A.C.Smith Endemic 


Leichardtia stenophylla (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Hoya megalantha Turrill Endemic 


Hoya australis R.Br. Possibly exotic 


Hoya carnosa (L.f.) R.Br. Exotic 


Hoya vitiensis Turrill Endemic 


Hoya diptera Seem. Possibly endemic 

1683. Oleaceae 7 

Jasminum grandiflorum L. Exotic 


Jasminum didymum Forst.f. subsp.didymum Indigenous 


Jasminum degeneri Kobuski Endemic 


Jasminum sessile A.C.Smith Endemic 


Jasminum simplicifolium Forst.f. subsp.simplicifolium Indigenous 

346


Jasminum betchei F.v.Muell. Indigenous 


Jasminum tetraquetrum A.Gray Endemic 


Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andrews Exotic 


Ligustrum sinense Lour. Exotic 


Chionanthus vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1693. Rubiaceae 8 

Guettarda speciosa L. Indigenous 


Antirhea smithii (Fosberg) Merr. & Perry Endemic 


Antirhea inconspicua (Seem.) Christophersen Indigenous 


Timonius affinis A.Gray Indigenous 


Timonius affinis var.affinis Indigenous 


Timonius affinis var.sapotifolius (A.Gray) Fosberg Endemic 


Timonius polygamus (Forst.f.) Robinson Indigenous 


Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild.) Merr. Exotic 


Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. Exotic 


Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Exotic 


Neonauclea forsteri (Seem. ex Havil.) Merr. Indigenous 


Dolicholobium macgregorii Horne ex Baker Endemic 


Dolicholobium latifolium A.Gray Endemic 


Dolicholobium oblongifolium A.Gray Endemic 


Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Exotic 


Rondeletia odorata Jacq. Exotic 


Lindenia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 


Bikkia tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich. Indigenous 


Badusa corymbifera (Forst.f.) A.Gray Indigenous 


Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumacher & Thonn. Exotic 


Mussaenda raiateensis J.W.Moore Indigenous 


Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr. Exotic 

347


Gardenia taitensis DC. Indigenous 


Gardenia gordonii Baker Endemic 


Gardenia hutchinsoniana Turrill Endemic 


Gardenia candida A.C.Smith Endemic 


Gardenia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 


Gardenia hillii Horne ex Baker Endemic 


Gardenia grievei Horne ex Baker Endemic 


Gardenia storckii Oliver Endemic 


Gardenia anapetes A.C.Smith Endemic 


Sukunia longipes A.C.Smith Endemic 


Sukunia pentagonioides (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Porterandia tenuiflora (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 


Pelagodendron vitiense Seem. Endemic 


Tarenna sambucina (Forst.f.) Durand ex Drake Indigenous 


Tarenna seemanniana A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 


Tarenna joskei (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 


Ixora longifolia Sm. Exotic 


Ixora siamensis Wallich ex G.Don Exotic 


Ixora coccinea L. Exotic 


Ixora lutea Hutchinson Exotic 


Ixora finlaysonia Wallich ex G.Don Exotic 


Ixora calcicola A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Ixora vitiensis A.Gray Endemic 


Ixora nandarivatensis Gillespie Endemic 


Ixora pedionoma A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora somosomaensis Gillespie Endemic 


Ixora amplexicaulis Gillespie Endemic 

348


Ixora pelagica Seem. Endemic 


Ixora coronata A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora storckii Seem. Endemic 


Ixora carewii Horne ex Baker Endemic 


Ixora maxima Seem. Endemic 


Ixora pubifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora greenwoodiana A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora arestantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora myrsinoides A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora tubiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora harveyi (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora elegans Gillespie Endemic 


Ixora prolixa A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora decora A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora myrtifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 


Ixora bullata Turrill Endemic 


Coffea arabica L. Exotic 


Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner Exotic 


Coffea liberica Hiern. Exotic 


Airosperma trichotomum (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Airosperma vanuense S.Darwin Endemic 


Psydrax odorata (Forst.f.) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Indigenous 


Cyclophyllum barbatum (Forst.f.) A.C.Smith & S. Darwin Indigenous 


Cyclophyllum sessilifolium (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Cyclophyllum rectinervium (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 


Mastixiodendron robustum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Mastixiodendron flavidum (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

349


Mastixiodendron pilosum A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Hydnophytum grandiflorum Becc. Endemic 


Hydnophytum longiflorum A.Gray Endemic 


Hydnophytum wilkinsonii Horne ex Baker Endemic 


Squamellaria imberbis (A.Gray) Becc. Endemic 


Squamellaria wilsonii (Horne ex Baker) Becc. Endemic 


Squamellaria major A.C.Smith Endemic 


Geophila repens (L.) I.M.Johnston Indigenous 


Readea membranacea Gillespie Endemic 


Calycosia lageniformis (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Calycosia macrocyatha Fosberg Endemic 


Calycosia petiolata A.Gray Endemic 


Calycosia callithrix A.C.Smith Endemic 


Hedstromia latifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 


Amaracarpus muscifer A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria eumorphanthus Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria leptantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria gracilior A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria araiosantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria confertiloba A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria macrocalyx A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria vitiensis Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria roseata (Fosberg) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria levuensis Gillespie Endemic 


Psychotria argantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria ampullacea A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria tomaniviensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

350


Psychotria prismoclavata (Fosberg) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria glabra (Turrill) Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria fragrans (Gillespie) Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria leucocalyx A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria koroiveibaui A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria calycosa A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria gillespieana A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria stenantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria brevicalyx Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria nandarivatensis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria pubiflora (A.Gray) Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria crassiflora Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria timonioides Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria magnifica (Gillespie) Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria jugalis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria rufocalyx Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria gibbsiae S.Moore Endemic 


Psychotria turbinata A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria carnea (Forst.f.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Psychotria oncocarpa K.Schum Indigenous 


Psychotria hunteri (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria archboldiana Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria incompta A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria forsteriana A.Gray Indigenous 


Psychotria amoena A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria leiophylla Merr. & Perry Indigenous 


Psychotria evansensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

351


Psychotria cordata A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria valleculata A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria monocarpa Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria pickeringii A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria solanoides Turrill Endemic 


Psychotria bullata Seem. Endemic 


Psychotria kuruvolii A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria tetragonoides Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria filipes A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria diffusiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria platycocca A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria broweri Seem. Endemic 


Psychotria st.-johnii Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria unicarinata (Fosberg) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 


Psychotria brachythrix A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria scitula A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria griseifolia S.Moore Endemic 


Psychotria taviunensis Gillespie Endemic 


Psychotria podantha (Fosberg) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria furcans Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria pritchardii Seem. Endemic 


Psychotria gracilis A. Gray Endemic 


Psychotria hypargyraea A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria impercepta A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 


Psychotria pachyantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria edentata A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria aurantiocarpa Fosberg Endemic 

352


Psychotria brackenridgei A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria imthurnii Turrill Endemic 


Psychotria pittosporifolia Fosberg Endemic 


Psychotria vomensis Gillespie Endemic 


Psychotria storckii Seem. Endemic 


Psychotria tephrosantha A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria exilis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Psychotria parvula A.Gray Endemic 


Psychotria macroserpens Fosberg Endemic 


Morinda citrifolia L. Exotic 


Morinda citrifolia L. cv.'Potteri' Exotic 


Morinda grayi Seem. Endemic 


Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray Indigenous 


Morinda mollis A.Gray Endemic 


Morinda bucidifolia A.Gray Endemic 


Gynochtodes epiphytica (Rechinger) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Indigenous 


Ophiorrhiza peploides A.Gray Endemic 


Ophiorrhiza laxa A.Gray Endemic 


Ophiorrhiza leptantha A.Gray Indigenous 


Xanthophytum calycinum (A.Gray) Benth.& Hook.f.ex Drake Indigenous 


Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers Exotic 


Pentas lanceolata subsp. lanceolata Exotic 


Pentas lanceolata subsp.quartiniana (A.Rich.) Verdcourt Exotic 


Hedyotis lapeyrousii DC. Indigenous 


Hedyotis foetida (Forst.f.) Sm. Indigenous 


Hedyotis tenuifolia Sm. Indigenous 


Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam. Indigenous 

353


Hedyotis pumila L.f. Indigenous 


Coprosma persicifolia A.Gray Endemic 


Richardia scabra L. Exotic 


Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon Exotic 


Spremacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pavon Exotic 


Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. Exotic 


Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Exotic 

1884. Caprifoliaceae 2 

Lonicera japonica Thunb. Exotic 

1885. Solanaceae 1 

Solanum mauritianum Scop. Exotic 


Solanum linnaeanum Hepper & P.M.Jaeger Exotic 


Solanum torvum Sw. Possibly exotic 


Solanum mammosum L. Exotic 


Solanum tuberrosum L. Exotic 


Solanum americanum Mill. Exotic 


Solanum melongena L. Exotic 


Solanum repandum Forst.f. Indigenous 


Solanum inamoenum Benth. Indigenous 


Solanum viridae Solander ex Forst.f. Indigenous 


Solanum viridae cv.'Anthropophagorum' Abo. intro 


Solanum sp. Possibly endemic 


Solanum vitiense Seem. Indigenous 


Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Exotic 


Capsicum frutescens L. Exotic 


Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum Exotic 


Physalis peruviana L. Exotic 


Physalis angulata L. Indigenous 


Datura metel L. Exotic 

354


Datura stramonium L. Exotic 


Brugmansia suaveolaens (Willd.) Bercht. & Presl Exotic 


Solandra maxima (Sesse & Moc.) P.S.Green Exotic 


Cestrum diurnum L. Exotic 


Cestrum nocturnum L. Exotic 


Nicotiana tabacum L. Exotic 


Petunia x hybrida Vilm. Exotic 


Browallia americana L. Exotic 


Brunfelsia americana L. Exotic 


Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D.Don Exotic 

1914. Convolvulaceae 3 

Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Indigenous 


Evolvulus alsinoides var.decumbens (R.Br.) van Ooststr. Exotic 


Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy Indigenous 


Operculina turpethum (L.) A.Silva Manso Exotic 


Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hall f. Exotic 


Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle Exotic 


Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hall f. Exotic 


Merremia umbellata (L.) Hall.f. Exotic 


Merremia umbellata subsp.orientalis (Hall f.) van Ooststr. Exotic 


Merremia peltata (L.) Merr. Indigenous 


Merremia pacifica van Ooststr. Indigenous 


Merremia calyculata van Ooststr. Endemic 


Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hall.f. Exotic 


Ipomoea macrantha Roemer & Schultes Indigenous 


Ipomoea quamoclit L. Exotic 


Ipomoea hederifolia L. Exotic 


Ipomoea alba L. Possibly exotic 

355


Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Indigenous 


Ipomoea fimbriosepala Choisy Indigenous 


Ipomoea pes-capre (L.) R.Br. Indigenous 


Ipomoea pes-capre subsp.brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststr. Indigenous 


Ipomoea indica (Burm.)Merr. Indigenous 


Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Indigenous 


Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy Exotic 


Ipomoea littoralis Bl. Indigenous 


Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Exotic 


Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Exotic 


Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl. Indigenous 

1942. Cuscutaceae 5 

Cuscuta campestris Yunker Indigenous 

1943. Menyanthaceae 5 

Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze Indigenous 

1944. Buddlejaceae 6 

Buddleja davidii Franch. Exotic 

1945. Buddlejaceae 6 

Buddleja madagascariensis Lam. Exotic 

1946. Scrophulariaceae 6 

Angelonia biflora Benth. Exotic 


Angeolonia angustifolia Benth. Exotic 


Antirrhinum majus L. Exotic 


Russelia equisetiformis Schlechtendal Exotic 


Mazus pumilis (Burm.f.) van Steenis Exotic 


Scorparia dulcis L. Indigenous 


Lindernia nummulariifolia (D.Don) Wettst. Exotic 


Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.v.Muell. Indigenous 


Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston Exotic 


Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston Exotic 


Torenia fournieri Linden ex Fourn. Exotic 


Torenia polygonoides Benth. Exotic 

356


Limnophila fragans (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 


Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr. Indigenous 

1960. Gesneriaceae 7 

Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch Exotic 


Achimenes longoflora DC. Exotic 


Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl. Exotic 


Cyrtandra cyathibracteata Gillett Possibly endemic 


Cyrtandra occulata A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra cephalophora Gillespie Endemic 


Cyrtandra vitiensis Seem. Endemic 


Cyrtandra amicta A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra leucantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra chlorantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra milnei Seem. ex A.Gray Endemic 


Cyrtandra dolichocarpa A.Gray Endemic 


Cyrtandra multiseptata Gillespie Endemic 


Cyrtandra ventricosa Gillett Endemic 


Cyrtandra acutangula Seem. Endemic 


Cyrtandra trichophylla A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra muskarimba A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra victoriae Gillespie Endemic 


Cyrtandra chippendalei Horne Endemic 


Cyrtandra tomentosa A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra spathacea A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra kandavuensis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra natewaensis Gillet Endemic 


Cyrtandra involucrata Seem. Endemic 


Cyrtandra anthropophagorum Seem. Endemic 

357


Cyrtandra jugalis A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra reticulata Gillett Endemic 


Cyrtandra esothrix A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra hornei C.B.Clarke Endemic 


Cyrtandra taviunensis Gillespie Endemic 


Cyrtandra montana Gillespie Endemic 


Cyrtandra pritchardii Seem. Endemic 


Cyrtandra denhamii Seem. Endemic 


Cyrtandra tempestii Horne ex C.B.Clarke Endemic 


Cyrtandra ciliata Seem. Endemic 


Cyrtandra xanthantha A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra aloisiana A.C.Smith Endemic 


Cyrtandra harveyi Seem. Endemic 


Cyrtandra coleoides Seem. Endemic 


Cyrtandra pratii Gillespie Endemic 


Episcia cupreata (Hook.) Hanst. Exotic 

2001. Acanthaceae 1 

Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T.Anders Indigenous 


Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Exotic 


Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims Exotic 


Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb.ex Rottler) Roxb. Exotic 


Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Exotic 


Hemigraphis alternata (Burm.f.) T.Anders Exotic 


Blechnum pyramdatum (Lam.) Urb. Exotic 


Ruellia graecizans Backer Exotic 


Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson Exotic 


Barieria lupulina Lindl. Exotic 


Barieria cristata L. Exotic 

358


Cuscuta campestris Yunker Exotic 


Sanchezia nobilis Hook.f. Exotic 


Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roemer & Schultes Exotic 


Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griffith Exotic 


Graptophyllum insularum (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Graptophyllum repandum (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 


Graptophyllum sessilifoilum A.C.Smith Endemic 


Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum (A.Gray) Hubbard Possibly endemic 


Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) Radlk. Exotic 


Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin Exotic 


Odontonema tubiforme (Bertol.) Kuntze Exotic 


Justica brandegeeana Wassh.&L.B.Sm. Exotic 


Justicia umbrosa Benth. Exotic 


Justicia betonica L. Exotic 

2026. Pedaliaceae 1 

Sesamum orientale L. Exotic 

2027. Bignoniaceae 1 

Arrabidaea magnifica (Bull) Sprague ex van Steenis Exotic 


Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers Exotic 


Crescentia cujete L. Exotic 


Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Exotic 


Tabebuia pentaphylla (L.) Hemsl. Exotic 

2032. Bignoniaceae Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G.Nichols. Exotic 


Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Exotic 


Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Exotic 


Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn) Mabberley Exotic 


Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.K. Exotic 

2037. Plantaginaceae 1 

Plantago major L. Indigenous 

2038. Boraginaceae 1 

Cordia subcordata Lam. Indigenous 

359


Cordia sebestena L. Exotic 


Cordia aspera Forst.f. Possibly exotic 


Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pavon) Cham. ex DC. Exotic 


Cordia myxa L. Exotic 


Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl Exotic 


Argusia argentea (L.f.) Heine Indigenous 


Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm.f.) R.Br. Exotic 


Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R.Drummond Exotic 


Symphytum asperum Lepechin Exotic 

2048. Verbenaceae 1 

Congea pedicellata Munir Exotic 


Verbena bonariensis L. Exotic 


Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Exotic 


Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Exotic 


Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims Indigenous 


Lantana camara L. Exotic 


Lantana camara var.aculeata (L.) Moldenke Exotic 


Lantana camara var.mista (L.) L.H.Bailey Exotic 


Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briquet Exotic 


Petrea volubilis L. Exotic 


Duranta erecta L. Indigenous 


Citharexylum spinosum L. Exotic 


Tectona grandis L.f. Exotic 


Vitex trifolia L.var.trifolia Indigenous 


Vitex trifloia var.subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke Indigenous 


Viticipremna vitilevuensis Munir Endemic 


Premna serratifolia L. Indigenous 


Premna protrusa A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

360


Faradaya vitiensis Seem. Endemic 


Faradaya ampliflora A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 


Faradaya lehuntei (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Smith Indigenous 


Faradaya ovalifolia (A.Gray) Seem. Endemic 


Faradaya glabra (Moldenke) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 


Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. Exotic 


Gmelina vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Sm. Endemic 


Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Exotic 


Clerodendrum paniculatum L. Exotic 


Clerodendrum ugandense Prain Exotic 


Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walp. Indigenous 


Clerodendrum buchananii var.fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. Exotic 


Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabberley Exotic 


Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf.f. Exotic 


Clerodendrum wallichii Merr. Exotic 


Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. Exotic 


Holmskioldia tettensis (Kl.) Vatke Exotic 

2083. Lamiaceae 1 

Teucrium vesicarium Mill. Exotic 


Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. Exotic 


Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd. Exotic 


Plectranthus forsteri Benth. Indigenous 


Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng Exotic 


Orthosiphon aristatus (Bl.) Miq. Exotic 


Ocimum basilicum L. Possibly exotic 


Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Exotic 


Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Exotic 


Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Exotic 

361


Mentha x piperita L. Exotic 


Mentha spicata L. Indigenous 


Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng Exotic 


Leucas decemdentata (Willd.) Sm. Indigenous 


Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. Indigenous 


Salvia leucantha Cav. Exotic 


Salvia uliginosa Benth. Exotic 


Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schultes Exotic 


Salvia coccinea B.Juss. ex Murr Exotic 

2102. Campanulaceae 2 

Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don Exotic 

2103. Campanulaceae 2 

Lobelia zeylanica L. Exotic 

2104. Goodeniaceae 2 

Scaevola floribunda A.Gray Endemic 

2105. Goodeniaceae 2 

Scaevola sericea Vahl Indigenous 

2106. Asteraceae 2 

Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook.f. Exotic 


Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze Exotic 


Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. Exotic 


Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B.Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.Baker Exotic 


Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Exotic 


Vernonia insularum (A.Gray) Benth.& Hook.f.ex Drake Possibly endemic 


Sonchus arvensis L. Exotic 


Sonchus oleraceus L. Exotic 


Lactus sativa L. Exotic 


Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Exotic 


Taraxacum officinale Wiggers Exotic 


Sigesbeckia orientalus L. Exotic 


Zinnia violacea Cav. Exotic 


Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC. Indigenous 

362


Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.Mant. Indigenous 


Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Schultz-Bip. Indigenous 


Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Exotic 


Lagascea mollis Cav. Possibly exotic 


Helianthus tuberosus L. Exotic 


Helianthus argophyllus Torr. & A.Gray Exotic 


Helianthus annuus L. Exotic 


Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray Exotic 


Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) Blake Exotic 


Rudbeckia laciniata L. Exotic 


Bidens pilosa L. Exotic 


Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr.& Sherff Exotic 


Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Exotic 


Cosmos caudatus H.B.K. Exotic 


Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Exotic 


Dahlia pinnata Cav. Exotic 


Glossogyne tannensis (Spreng.) Garnock-Jones Indigenous 


Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. Indigenous 


Tridax procumbens L. Exotic 


Xanthium pungens Wallr. Exotic 


Xanthium spinosum L. Exotic 


Tagetes erecta L. Exotic 


Adenostemma viscosum J.R.&G.Forst. Exotic 


Adenostemma vitiense H.Robinson Endemic 


Ageratum conyzoides L. Exotic 


Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Exotic 


Mikania micrantha H.B.K. Exotic 

363


Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze Possibly exotic 


Keysseria pickeringii (A.Gray) Cabrera Endemic 


Solidago nemoralis Ait. Exotic 


Solidago nemoralis var.nemoralis Exotic 


Solidago nemoralis var.haleana Fernals Exotic 


Aster novi-belgii L. Exotic 


Aster laevis L. Exotic 


Aster subulatus Michx. Exotic 


Erigeron karvinskianus DC. Exotic 


Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Exotic 


Conyza canadensis var.pusilla (Nuttall) Cronquist Exotic 


Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist Exotic 


Blumea milnei Seem. Indigenous 


Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Exotic 


Artemisia vulgaris L. Exotic 


Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun & Aschers. Indigenous 


Erechtites valerianifolia (Wolf) DC. Exotic 


Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore Indigenous 


Emilia fosbergii Nicolson Exotic 


Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. var.sonchifolia Indigenous 


Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. var.javanica (Burm.f.) Mattf. Indigenous 

2168. Orchidaceae 2 

Habenaria superflua Reichenb.f. Endemic 


Habenaria supervacanea Reichenb.f. Endemic 


Cynorkis fastigiata Thou. Exotic 


Peristylus tradescantifolia (Reichenb.f.) Kores Indigenous 


Peristylus maculifer (C.Schweinf.) Renz & Vodonaivalu Indigenous 


Peristylus alifromis (C.Schweinf.) Renz & Vodonaivalu Endemic 

364


Peristylus novoebudarum F.v.Muell. Indigenous 


Cryptostylis arachnites (Bl.) Hassk. Indigenous 


Vanilla planifolia Jackson Exotic 


Pseudovanilla anomala (Ames & L.O.Williams) Garay Endemic 


Nervilia aragoana Gaud. Indigenous 


Nervilia punctata (Bl.) Makino Indigenous 


Nervilia platychila Schlechter Indigenous 


Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl. Indigenous 


Didymoplexis micradenia (Reichenb.f.) Hemsl. Indigenous 


Goodyera vitiensis (L.O.Williams) Kores Endemic 


Goodyera rubicunda (Bl.) Lindl. Indigenous 


Pristiglottis longiflora (Reichenb.f.) Kores Indigenous 


Pristiglottis degeneri (L.O.Williams) Kores Endemic 


Erythrodes parvula Kores Indigenous 


Erythrodes oxyglossa Schlechter Indigenous 


Zeuxine stenophylla (Reichenb.f.) Benth. & Hook.f.ex Drake Indigenous 


Zeuxine vieillardii (Reichenb.f.) Schlechter Indigenous 


Anoectochilus imitans Schlechter Indigenous 


Vrydagzynea samoana Schlechter Indigenous 


Vrydagzynea vitiensis Reichenb.f.Otia Indigenous 


Hetaeria oblongifolia Bl. Indigenous 


Hetaeria whitmeei Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Tropidia effusa Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl. Indigenous 


Malaxis comans C.Schweinf. Endemic 


Malaxis schlechteri (Rolfe) L.O.Williams Endemic 


Malaxis longifolia (Rolfe) L.O.Williams Endemic 

365


Malaxis radicicola (Rolfe) L.O.Williams Endemic 


Malaxis tetraloba (Schlechter) Kores Indigenous 


Malaxis brevidentata C.Schweinf. Indigenous 


Malaxis lunata (Schlechter) Ames Indigenous 


Malaxis latisepala (Rolfe) C.Schweinf. Endemic 


Malaxis resupinata (Forst.f.) Kuntze Indigenous 


Malaxis imthurnii (Rolfe) L.O.Williams Endemic 


Malaxis latisegmenta C.Schweinf. Indigenous 


Malaxis platychila (Reichenb.f.) Kuntze Endemic 


Oberonia equitans (Forst.f.) Mutel Indigenous 


Oberonia titania Lindl. Indigenous 


Oberonia heliophila Reichenb.f. Otia Indigenous 


Liparis layardii F.v.Muell. Indigenous 


Liparis disepala Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Liparis caespitosa (Thou.) Lindl. Indigenous 


Liparis elliptica Wight Indigenous 


Liparis elegans Lindl. Indigenous 


Liparis condylobulbon Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Liparis orbiculata L.O.Williams Indigenous 


Liparis gibbosa Finet Indigenous 


Chrysoglossum vesicatum Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Chrysoglossum ornatum Bl. Indigenous 


Coelogyne lycastoides F.v.Muell.& Kraenzl. Indigenous 


Coelogyne macdonaldii F.v.Muell.& Kraenzl. Indigenous 


Arundina graminifolia (D.Don) Hochr. Exotic 


Pseuderia platyphylla L.O.Williams Endemic 


Cadetia hispida (A.Rich.) Schlechter Indigenous 

366


Dendrobium vagans Schlechter Indigenous 


Dendrobium macropus (Endl.) Reichenb. f.ex Lindl. Indigenous 


Dendrobium macrophyllum A.Rich. Indigenous 


Dendrobium platygastrium Reichenb.f.Otia Indigenous 


Dendrobium purpureum Roxb. Indigenous 


Dendrobium catillare Reichenb.f. Endemic 


Dendrobium mohlianum Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Dendrobium prasinum Lindl. Endemic 


Dendrobium spathulatum L.O.Williams Endemic 


Dendrobium tokai Reichenb.f. ex Seem. Indigenous 


Dendrobium hornei Horne Endemic 


Dendrobium vitiense Rolfe Endemic 


Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. Exotic 


Dendrobium kraenzlinii L.O.Williams Endemic 


Dendrobium trilobulatum Kores Endemic 


Dendrobium carnicarinum Kores Endemic 


Dendrobium dactylodes Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Dendrobium sladei J.J.Wood & Cribb Indigenous 


Dendrobium biflorum (Forst.f.) Sw. Indigenous 


Dendrobium unicarinatum Kores Endemic 


Flickingeria comata (Bl.) A.Hawkes Indigenous 


Diplocaulobium tipuliferum (Reichenb.f.) Kraenzl. Endemic 


Eria bulbophylloides C.Schweinf. Endemic 


Eria rostriflora Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Eria robusta (Bl.) Lindl. Indigenous 


Mediocalcar paradoxum (Kraenzl.) Schlechter Indigenous 


Epiblastus sciadanthus (F.v.Muell.) Schlechter Indigenous 

367


Agrostophyllum aristatum Kores Endemic 


Agrostophyllum megalurum Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Earina valida Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Glomera montana Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Glomera emarginata Kores Endemic 


Glossorhyncha macdonaldii Schlechter Indigenous 


Aglossorhyncha bilobula Kores Possibly endemic 


Appendicula reflexa Bl. Indigenous 


Appendicula pendula Bl. Indigenous 


Appendicula bracteosa Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames Indigenous 


Calanthe alta Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Calanthe imthurnii Kores Endemic 


Calanthe hololeuca Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Calanthe ventilabrum Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Phaius tankarvilleae (Banks ex L'Her.) Bl. Indigenous 


Phaius graeffei Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Spathoglottis pacifica Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Spathoglottis plicata Bl. Indigenous 


Spathoglottis smithii Kores Endemic 


Acanthephippium papuanum Schlechter Exotic 


Bulbophyllum gracillimum (Rolfe) Rolfe Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum longiflorum Thou. Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum longiscapum Rolfe Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum pachyanthum Schlechter Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum savaiense Schlechter Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum polypodioides Schlechter Indigenous 

368


Bulbophyllum trachyanthum Kraenzl. Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum samoanum Schlechter Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum simmondsii Kores Endemic 


Bulbophyllum aristopetalum Kores Endemic 


Bulbophyllum hassallii Kores Endemic 


Bubophyllum amplistigmaticum Kores Endemic 


Bulbophyllum aphanopetalum Schlechter Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum rostriceps Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum betchei F.v.Muell. Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum sessile (Koen.) J.J.Sm. Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum hexarhopalos Schlechter Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum quadricarinum Kores Endemic 


Bulbophyllum incommodum Kores Endemic 


Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schlechter Indigenous 


Eulophia pulchra (Thou.) Lindl. Indigenous 


Eulophia nuda Lindl. Ex Wallich Indigenous 


Grammatophyllum speciosum Bl. Exotic 


Grammatophyllum elegans Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Octarrhena oberonioides (Schlechter) Schlechter Indigenous 


Phreatia obtusa Schlechter Indigenous 


Phreatia hypsorhynchos Schlechter Indigenous 


Phreatia gillespiei Kores Endemic 


Phreatia bigibbula Kores Endemic 


Phreatia stenostachya (Reichenb.f.) Kraenzl. Indigenous 


Phreatia pentagona Kores Endemic 


Phreatia neocaledonica Schlechter Indigenous 


Phreatia flavovirens Kores Endemic 

369


Phreatia oreophylax Reichenb.f. Endemic 


Phreatia pachyphylla Schlechter Indigenous 


Phreatia micrantha (A.Rich.) Schlechter Indigenous 


Calymmanthera major Schlechter Indigenous 


Thrixspermum graeffei Reichenb.f. Indigenous 


Thrixspermum sp. Endemic 


Sarcochilus williamsianus Kores Endemic 


Chiloschista godeffroyana (Reichenb. f.) Schlechter Endemic 


Luisia teretifolia Gaud. Indigenous 


Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schlechter 

Papilionanthe 'Miss Joaquim' (P. teres (Roxb.)Schlechter x P. 

Exotic 


hookeriana (Reichenb.f.) Schlechter) Exotic 


Sarcanthopsis nagarensis (Reichenb.f.) Garay Indigenous 


Saccolabiopsis gillespiei (L.O.Williams) Garay Endemic 


Trachoma papuanum (Schlechter)M.Clements Possibly endemic 


Robiquetia bertholdii (Reichenb.f.) Schlechter Indigenous 


Schoenorchis micrantha Reinw. ex Bl. Indigenous 


Cleisostoma longipaniculatum Kores Indigenous 


Pomatocalpa vaupelii (Schlechter) J.J.Sm. Indigenous 


Microtatorchis samoensis Schlechter Indigenous 


Microtatorchis smithii Kores Endemic 


Taeniophyllum confusum Kores & Jonsson Endemic 


Taeniophyllum fasciola (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 


Taeniophyllum smithii Kores & Jonsson Endemic 


Taeniophyllum gracile (Rolfe) Garay Endemic 


Dendrobium delicatulum Kraenzl. Indigenous 


Dendrobium reineckei Schlechter Indigenous 


Bulbophyllum phillipsianum Kores Endemic 

370

2336. Phormiaceae 4 

Dianella adenanthera (Forst.f.) R.J.Henderson Indigenous 

2337. Phormiaceae Rhuacophila javanica Bl. Indigenous 

Table 3.20: Preliminary checklist of recently introduced exotic species to Fiji that are potential ornamental species. Nomenclature after A. 

Whistler (1998). Confirmation of presence in Fiji by the Curator of the South Pacific Regional Herbarium, SUVA 

Number Family Species Origin 

1. Acanthaceae Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley Exotic 

2. Acanthaceae Aphelandra sinclairiana Nees Exotic 

3. Acanthaceae Barleria cristata L. Exotic 

4. Acanthaceae Justicia carnea Lindley Exotic 

5. Acanthaceae Pachystachys lutea Nees Exotic 

6. Acanthaceae Pachystachys spicata (Ruiz & Pavon) Wasshausen Exotic 

7. Acanthaceae Sanchezia speciosa Leonard Exotic 

8. Acanthaceae Strobilanthes dyerianus Masters Exotic 

9. Acanthaceae Thunbergia mysorensis (Wight) T.Anderson Exotic 

10. Agavaceae Aloe vera L. Exotic 

11. Agavaceae Dracaena angustifolia Roxburgh Exotic 

12. Agavaceae Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker-Gawler Exotic 

13. Agavaceae Dracaena marginata Lamarck Exotic 

14. Agavaceae Yucca gloriosa L. Exotic 

15. Amaranthaceae Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze Exotic 

16. Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea L. Exotic 

17. Amaryllidaceae Agapanthus praecox Willdenow Exotic 

18. Amaryllidaceae Clivia miniata Regel Exotic 

19. Amaryllidaceae Crinum xanthophyllum Hannibal Exotic 

20. Amaryllidaceae Eucharis amazonica Linden ex Planchon Exotic 

371

21. Amaryllidaceae Hippeastrumpuniceum (Lamarck) Herbert Exotic 

22. Amaryllidaceae Hymenocallis pedalis Herbert Exotic 

23. Amaryllidaceae Molineria capitulata (Loureiro) Herbert Exotic 

24. Amaryllidaceae Proiphys amboinensis (L.) Herbert Exotic 

25. Amaryllidaceae Zephyranthes citrina Baker Exotic 

26. Amaryllidaceae Zephyranthes rosea (Sprengel) Lindley Exotic 

27. Apocynaceae Allamanda blanchetii A.L.P.P. de Candolle Exotic 

28. Apocynaceae Beaumontia multiflora Teijsmann & Binnendijk Exotic 

29. Apocynaceae Mandevilla x amabilis Dress Exotic 

30. Apocynaceae Plumbago obtusa L. Exotic 

31. Apocynaceae Plumeria obtusa L. Exotic 

32. Apocynaceae Stemmadenia litoralis (Kunth) Allorge Exotic 

33. Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Brown Exotic 

34. Apocynaceae Thevetia peruviana K.Schumann Exotic 

35. Araceae Aglaonema commutatum Schott Exotic 

36. Araceae Dieffenbachia maculata (Loddiges) D.Don Exotic 

37. Araceae Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engler Exotic 

38. Araceae Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott Exotic 

39. Araceae Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel Exotic 

40. Araceae Syngonium podophyllum Schott Exotic 

41. Araliaceae Polyscias filicifolia (C.Moore) L.H.Bailey Exotic 

42. Araliaceae Schefflera actinophylla (Endlicher) Harms Exotic 

43. Arecaceae Rhapis excelsa (Thunberg) Henry ex Rehder Exotic 

44. Arecaceae Veitchia merrillii (Beccari) H.E.Moore Exotic 

45. Arecaceae Caryota mitis Loureiro Exotic 

46. Asclepiadaceae Cryptostegia grandiflora Roxburgh ex R.Brown Exotic 

47. Asclepiadaceae Stephanotis floribunda Brongniart Exotic 

372

48. Asteraceae Centratherum punctatum Cassini Exotic 

49. Asteraceae Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramatuelle Exotic 

50. Asteraceae Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. Exotic 

51. Asteraceae Cosmos bipinnatus Cavanilles Syn: Bidens formosa (Bonato) Schultz Bipontinus Exotic 

52. Asteraceae Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchcock Exotic 

53. Asteraceae Zinnia violacea Cavanilles Exotic 

54. Bignoniaceae Mansoa hymenaea (A.P.de Candolle) A.H.Gentry Exotic 

55. Bignoniaceae Tabebuia heterophylla (A.P.de Candolle) Britton Exotic 

56. Bignoniaceae Tecomanthe dendrophila (Blume) K.Schumann Exotic 

57. Bignoniaceae Tecomaria capensis (Thunberg) Spach Exotic 

58. Bromeliaceae Tilandsia usneoides (L.) L. Exotic 

59. Cactacae Opuntia cochinellifera (L.) Miller Exotic 

60. Cactaceae Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose Exotic 

61. Cannaceae Cananga x generalis L.H.Bailey Exotic 

62. Caprifoliaceae Sambucus mexicana Presl ex A.L.P.de Candolle Exotic 

63. Commelinaceae Dichorisandra thrysiflora Mikan Exotic 

64. Commelinaceae Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.Hunt Exotic 

65. Commelinaceae Tradescantia spathacea Swartz Exotic 

66. Commelinaceae Tradescantia zebrina Bosse Exotic 

67. Convolvulaceae Argyreia nervosa (N.L.Burman) Bojer Exotic 

68. Convolvulaceae Evolvulus glomeratus Nees & Martius Exotic 

69. Crassulaceae Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelinitz Exotic 

70. Cycadaceae Cycas circinalis L. Exotic 

71. Cyperaceae Cyperus involucratus Rottboll Exotic 

72. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha hispida N.L.Burman Exotic 


74. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha wilkesiana Muller Argoviensis Exotic 

373

75. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cotinifolia L. Exotic 

76. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia lactea Haworth Exotic 

77. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy Exotic 

78. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia milii Desmoulins Exotic 

79. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia neriifolia L. Exotic 

80. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha multifida L. Exotic 

81. Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poiteau Exotic 

82. Fabaceae Amherstia nobilis Wallich Exotic 

83. Fabaceae Bauhinia galpinii N.E.Brown Syn: B. Punctata Bolle Exotic 

84. Fabaceae Bauhinia monandra Kurz Exotic 

85. Fabaceae Bauhinia tomentosa L. Exotic 

86. Fabaceae Brownea macrophylla Linden Exotic 

87. Fabaceae Erythrina crista-galli L. Exotic 

88. Fabaceae Saraca indica L. Exotic 

89. Fabaceae/Caesalpiniaceae Cassia x nealii Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

90. Geraniaceae Pelargonium x hortorum L.H.Bailey Exotic 

91. Gesneriaceae Chrysothermis pulchella (Donn ex Simms) Decaisne Exotic 

92. Heliconiaceae Heliconia caribaea Lamarck Exotic 

93. Heliconiaceae Heliconia collinsiana Griggs Exotic 

94. Heliconiaceae Heliconia latispatha Bentham Exotic 

95. Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunberg) Seringe Exotic 

96. Iridaceae Belamcanda chinensis (L.) A.P.de Candole, Exotic 

97. Iridaceae Dietes bicolor (Steudel) Sweet ex Klatt Exotic 

98. Iridaceae Neomarica caerulea (Loddiges) Sprague Exotic 

99. Iridaceae Trimezia martinicensis (Jacquin) Herbert Exotic 

100. Liliaceae Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop Exotic 

101. Liliaceae Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop Exotic 

374

102. 

103. 

104. 

105. 

106. 

107. 

108. 

109. 

110. 

111. 

112. 

113. 

114. 

115. 

116. 

117. 

118. 

119. 

120. 

121. 

122. 

123. 

124. 

125. 

126. 

127. 

128. 

Liliaceae Asystasia salicifolia Craib Exotic 

Liliaceae Chlorophytum comosum (Thunberg) Jacques Exotic 

Liliaceae Ophiopogon japonicus (L.fil.) Ker-Gawler Exotic 

Lythraceae Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth Exotic 

Lythraceae Lawsonia inermis L. Exotic 

Lythraceae Leea guineensis G.Don Exotic 

Malpighiaceae Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Exotic 

Melastomataceae Tibouchina urvilleana (A.P.de Candolle) Cogniaux Exotic 

Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arnott) Thwaites Exotic 

Musaceae Musa uranoscopus Loureiro Exotic 

Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea x buttiana Holttum & Standley Exotic 

Nyctaginaceae Bougaiavillea glabra choisy. Exotic 

Oleaceae Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton Exotic 

Orchidaceae Arachnis x maingayi (J.D.Hooker) Schlechter Exotic 

Orchidaceae Arundina graminifolia (D.Don) Hochreutiner Exotic 

Orchidaceae Epidendrum x obrienianum Rolfe Exotic 

Orchidaceae Papilionanthe 'Agnes Joaquim Exotic 

Pandanaceae Pandanus tectorius Parkinson Syn: P. odoratissimus Exotic 

Plumbaginaceae Plumbago auriculata Lamarck Exotic 

Poaceae Pennisetum macrostachyum (Brongniart) Trinius Exotic 

Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunningham ex R.Brown Exotic 

Rosaceae Rosa x damascena Miller Exotic 

Rubiaceae Hamelia patens Jacquin Exotic 

Rubiaceae Ixora casei Hance Exotic 

Rubiaceae Ixora finlaysoniana Wallich ex G.Don Exotic 

Rubiaceae Mussaenda philippica L.C.Richard Exotic 

Scrophulariaceae Otacanthus caeruleus Lindley Exotic 

375

129. 

130. 

131. 

132. 

133. 

134. 

135. 

136. 

137. 

138. 

139. 

140. 

141. 

142. 

143. 

144. 

145. 

146. 

147. 

148. 

Simaroubaceae Quassia amara L. Exotic 

Solanaceae Brugmansia x candida Persoon Syn: Datura candida (Persoon) Stapf. Exotic 

Solanaceae Brunfelsia pauciflora (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Bentham Exotic 

Solanaceae Solanum seaforthianum Andrews Exotic 

Sterculiaceae Brachychiton acerifolius A.Cunningham ex F.von Mueller Exotic 

Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida L. Exotic 

Strelitziaceae Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Kornicke Exotic 

Tiliaceae Grewia occidentalis L. Exotic 

Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolum majus L. Exotic 

Urticaceae Pilea cadierei Gagnepain & Guillaumin Exotic 

Urticaceae Pilea depressa (Swartz) Blume Exotic 

Urticaceae Pilea nummularifolia (Swartz) Weddell Exotic 

Verbanaceae Citharexylum caudatum L. Exotic 

Verbanaceae Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merrill Exotic 

Verbanaceae Congea griffithiana Munir Exotic 

Zingiberaceae Costus woodsonii Maas Exotic 

Zingiberaceae Curcuma zedoaria (Christmann) Roscoe Exotic 

Zingiberaceae Hedychium flavescens N.Carey ex Roscoe Exotic 

Zingiberaceae Tapeinochilos ananassae (Hasskarl) K.Schumann Exotic 

Zingiberaceae Zingiber spectabile Griffith Exotic 

376

Table 3.21: CHECKLIST TO THE TREE SPECIES OF FIJI – Based on A.C.Smith 

Flora Vitiensis Nova, Vol 1-5. Courtesy of the Curator of the South Pacific Regional 

Herbarium in collaboration with the Department of Forestry, Suva 

No. Family Species 

1 Anacardiaceae Buchanania attenuate 

2 Anacardiaceae Buchanania vitiensis 

3 Anacardiaceae Dracontomelon vitiense 

4 Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium hapalum 

5 Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium timoriense 

6 Anacardiaceae Rhus simarubifolia 

7 Anacardiaceae Semecarpus vitiensis 

8 Anacardiaceae Spondias dulcis 

9 Annonaceae Cananga odorata 

10 Annonaceae Cyathocalyx insularis 

11 Annonaceae Cyathocalyx suaveolens 

12 Annonaceae Polyalthia amygdalina 

13 Annonaceae Polyalthia vitiensis 


15 Annonaceae Richella monosperma 

16 Annonaceae Xylopia pacifica 

17 Apocynaceae Alstonia montana 


19 Apocynaceae Alstonia pacifica 

20 Apocynaceae Alstonia vitiensis var 1 


22 Apocynaceae Cerbera manghas 


24 Apocynaceae Neiosperma oppositifolium 

25 Apocynaceae Ochrosia vitiensis 

26 Apocynaceae Pagiantha thurstonii 


28 Araliaceae Meryta tenuifolia 

29 Araliaceae Plerandra insolita 

30 Araliaceae Plerandra pickeringii 

31 Araliaceae Plerandra vitiensis 

32 Araliaceae Polyscias multijuga 

33 Araliaceae Schefflera seemanniana 

34 Araliaceae Schefflera vitiensis 

35 Araucariaceae Agathis vitiensis 

36 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia asiatica 

37 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia edulis 

38 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia racemosa 

39 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia seaturae 

40 Burseraceae Canarium harveyi var 1 


42 Burseraceae Canarium vanikoroense 

377

43 Burseraceae Canarium vitiense 

44 Burseraceae Haplolobus floribundus 

45 Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra insularis 

46 Caesalpiniaceae Intsia bijuga 

47 Caesalpiniaceae Kingiodendron platycarpum 

48 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa floribunda 

49 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa grandiflora 

50 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa minor 

51 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa vestita 

52 Caesalpiniaceae Storckiella vitiensis 


54 Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia 

55 Casuarinaceae Gymnostoma vitiense 


57 Chrysobalanaceae Atuna elliptica 

58 Chrysobalanaceae Atuna racemosa 

59 Chrysobalanaceae Parinari insularum 

60 Clusiaceae Calophullum inophyllum 

61 Clusiaceae Calophuyllum vitiense 

62 Clusiaceae Calophyllum amblyphyllum 

63 Clusiaceae Calophyllum cerasiferum 

64 Clusiaceae Calophyllum leptocladum 

65 Clusiaceae Calophyllum neo-ebudicum 

66 Clusiaceae Garcinia adinantha 

67 Clusiaceae Garcinia myrtiflora 

68 Clusiaceae Garcinia pseudoguttifera 

69 Clusiaceae Garcinia sessilis 

70 Clusiaceae Garcinia vitiensis 

71 Clusiaceae Mammea odorata 

72 Combretaceae Lumnitzera littorea 

73 Combretaceae Terminalia capitanea 

74 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa 

75 Combretaceae Terminalia litoralis 

76 Combretaceae Terminalia luteoloa 

77 Combretaceae Terminalia pterocarpa 

78 Combretaceae Terminalia spec. unid. 

79 Combretaceae Terminalia strigillosa 

80 Combretaceae Terminalia vitiensis 

81 Combretaceae Terminallia crebrifolia 

82 Cunoniaceae Geissois imthurnii 

83 Cunoniaceae Geissois spec. div. 

84 Cunoniaceae Geissois spec.div. 

85 Cunoniaceae Geissois stipularis 

86 Cunoniaceae Geissois superb 

87 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata var 1 


378



91 Cunoniaceae Pullea perryana 

92 Cunoniaceae Spiraeanthemum katakata 

93 Cunoniaceae Weinmannia vitiensis 

94 Degeneriaceae Degeneria vitiensis 


96 Dilleniaceae Dillenia biflora 

97 Ebenaceae Diospyros spec.div. 

98 Ebenaceae Santalum yasi 

99 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus cassinoides 

100 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus chelonimorphus 

101 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus degeneriana 

102 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus gillespieanus 

103 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus graeffei 

104 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kambi 

105 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus Lepidus 

106 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus milnei 

107 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pyriformis 

108 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus storckii 

109 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus subcapitatus 

110 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus vitiensis 

111 Euphorbiaceae Acalypha insulana 

112 Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana 

113 Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea seemannii 


115 Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica 

116 Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon fallax 

117 Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon vitiensis 

118 Euphorbiaceae Endospermum macrophyllum 

119 Euphorbiaceae Endospermum robbieanum 

120 Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria acuminate 

121 Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria agallocha 

122 Euphorbiaceae Glochidion seemanii 

123 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga graeffeana 


125 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga harveyana 

126 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga magna 

127 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga secunda 

128 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii 

129 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga spec.div. 

130 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga vitiensis 

131 Euphorbiaceae Omalanthus nutans 

132 Fabaceae Erythrina fusca 

133 Fabaceae Erythrina variegate 

134 Fabaceae Inocarpus fagifer 

379

135 Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata 

136 Fabaceae Sophora tomentosa 

137 Flacourtiaceae Cesearia procera 

138 Flacourtiaceae Erythrospermum acuminatissimum 

139 Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia vitiensis 

140 Flacourtiaceae Homalium laurifolium 

141 Flacourtiaceae Homalium pallidum 

142 Flacourtiaceae Homalium vitiense 

143 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra coleoides 

144 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra jugalis 

145 Gnetaceae Gnetum gnemon 

146 Gonystylaceae Gonystylus punctatus 

147 Gyrocarpaceae Gyrocarpus americanus 

148 Hernandiaceae Hernandia nymphaeifolia 

149 Hernandiaceae Hernandia olivaceae 

150 Icacinaceae Citronella vitiensis 

151 Icacinaceae Medusanthera vitiensis 

152 Lauraceae Cinnamomum fitianum 

153 Lauraceae Cinnamomum leptopus 

154 Lauraceae Cinnamomum pallidum 

155 Lauraceae Cinnamomum spec. div. 

156 Lauraceae Cryptocarya constricta 

157 Lauraceae Cryptocarya fusca 


159 Lauraceae Cryptocarya hornei 

160 Lauraceae Cryptocarya parinarioides 

161 Lauraceae Cryptocarya spec.div. 

162 Lauraceae Endiandra elaeocarpa 


164 Lauraceae Endiandra gillespiei 


166 Lauraceae Endiandra luteola 

167 Lauraceae Endiandra monticola 

168 Lauraceae Endiandra reticulate 


170 Lauraceae Litsea magnifolia 

171 Lauraceae Litsea mellifera 

172 Lauraceae Litsea pickeringii 


174 Lauraceae Litsea spec. div. 

175 Lauraceae Litsea vitiana 

176 Loganiaceae Fagraea berteroana 

177 Loganiaceae Fagraea gracilipes 

178 Loganiaceae Geniostoma macrophyllum 

179 Loganiaceae Geniostoma spec.div. 


380



183 Loganiaceae Neuburgia alata 



186 Loganiaceae Neuburgia berteroana 

187 Loganiaceae Neuburgia corinocarpa 

188 Loganiaceae Neuburgia microcarpa 

189 Melastomataceae Astronidium confertiflorum 

190 Melastomataceae Astronidium robustum 

191 Melastomataceae Astronidium saulae 

192 Melastomataceae Astronidium storckii 

193 Melastomataceae Astronidium victoriae 

194 Melastomataceae Memecylon vitiense 

195 Meliaceae Aglaia archboldiana 

196 Meliaceae Aglaia axillaris 

197 Meliaceae Aglaia elegans 


199 Meliaceae Aglaia gracilis 

200 Meliaceae Aglaia greenwoodii 

201 Meliaceae Aglaia vitiensis var 1 


203 Meliaceae Dysoxylum aliquantulum 

204 Meliaceae Dysoxylum gillespieanum 

205 Meliaceae Dysoxylum hornei 


207 Meliaceae Dysoxylum lenticellare 

208 Meliaceae Dysoxylum myriandrum 

209 Meliaceae Dysoxylum quercifolium 

210 Meliaceae Dysoxylum richii 

211 Meliaceae Dysoxylum seemannii 

212 Meliaceae Dysoxylum tenuiflorum 

213 Meliaceae Vavaea amicorum 

214 Meliaceae Vavaea degeneri 

215 Meliaceae Vavaea harveyi 

216 Meliaceae Vavaea megaphylla 

217 Meliaceae Xylocarpus granatum 

218 Meliaceae Xylocarpus moluccensis 

219 Mimosaceae Acacia richii 

220 Mimosaceae Acasia simplex 

221 Mimosaceae Adenanthera pavonina 


223 Mimosaceae Albizia saman 

224 Mimosaceae Mimosaceae spec. div. 

225 Mimosaceae Parkii parrii 

226 Mimosaceae Serianthes melanesica 

381

227 Mimosaceae Serianthes vitiensis 

228 Moraceae Antiaris toxicaria 

229 Moraceae Ficus barclayana 

230 Moraceae Ficus fulvo-pilosa 

231 Moraceae Ficus oblique 

232 Moraceae Ficus pritchardii 

233 Moraceae Ficus smithii 

234 Moraceae Ficus storckii 

235 Moraceae Ficus theophrastoides 

236 Moraceae Ficus vitiensis 

237 Myristicaceae Myristica castaneifolia 

238 Myristicaceae Myristica chartaceae 

239 Myristicaceae Myristica gillespieana 

240 Myristicaceae Myristica grandifolia 

241 Myristicaceae Myristica macrantha 

242 Myrsinaceae Discocalyx fusca 

243 Myrsinaceae Rapanea myricifolia 

244 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx decussates 

245 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx ellipticus 

246 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx eugenioides 

247 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx longiflorus 

248 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx myrtoides 

249 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx seemannii 1 


251 Myrtaceae Decaspermum vitiense 

252 Myrtaceae Metrosideros collina var 1 



255 Myrtaceae Piliocalyx concinnus 

256 Myrtaceae Syzygium amicorum 

257 Myrtaceae Syzygium brackenridgei 

258 Myrtaceae Syzygium confertiflorum 

259 Myrtaceae Syzygium corynocarpum 

260 Myrtaceae Syzygium curvistylum 

261 Myrtaceae Syzygium diffusum 

262 Myrtaceae Syzygium effusum 

263 Myrtaceae Syzygium fijiense 

264 Myrtaceae Syzygium gracilipes 

265 Myrtaceae Syzygium grayi 

266 Myrtaceae Syzygium leucanthum 

267 Myrtaceae Syzygium malaccense 

268 Myrtaceae Syzygium nadarivatense 

269 Myrtaceae Syzygium nidie 

270 Myrtaceae Syzygium oblongifolium 

271 Myrtaceae Syzygium purpureum 

272 Myrtaceae Syzygium quadrangulatum 

382


274 Myrtaceae Syzygium rubescens 

275 Myrtaceae Syzygium seemannianum 

276 Nyctaginaceae Pisonia umbellifera 


278 Ochnaceae Brackenridgea nitida 

279 Piperaceae Piper aduncum 

280 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum arborescens 

281 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum spec.div. 

282 Podocarpaceae Dacrycarpus imbricatus 

283 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nausoriense 

284 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nidulum 

285 Podocarpaceae Decussocarpus vitiensis 

286 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus affinis 

287 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus decipiens 

288 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus degeneri 

289 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus neriifolius 

290 Proteaceae Turrillia ferruginea 

291 Proteaceae Turrillia vitiensis 

292 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia franguloides 

293 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia zizyphoides 

294 Rhamnaceae Emmenosperma micropetalum 

295 Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera gymnorhiza 

296 Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis seemannii 

297 Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora samoensis 

298 Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora stylosa 

299 Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora x selala 

300 Rubiaceae Antirhea smithii 

301 Rubiaceae Dolicholobium latifolium 

302 Rubiaceae Dolicholobium macgregorii 

303 Rubiaceae Gardenia spec.div. 

304 Rubiaceae Gardenia storckii 

305 Rubiaceae Guerttarda speciosa 

306 Rubiaceae Ixora pelagic 

307 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron flavidum 

308 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron robustum 

309 Rubiaceae Neonauclea forsteri 


311 Rubiaceae Psychotria amoena 

312 Rubiaceae Psychotria confertiloba 

313 Rubiaceae Tarenna sambucina 

314 Rubiaceae Timonius affinis 

315 Rutaceae Melicope cuculata 

316 Rutaceae Melicope spec.div. 


318 Rutaceae Micromelium minutum 

383

319 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum gillespieanum 

320 Sapindaceae Alectryon grandifolius 

321 Sapindaceae Allophyllus timoriensis 

322 Sapindaceae Arytera brackenridgei 


324 Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis vitiensis 

325 Sapindaceae Dodonea viscose 

326 Sapindaceae Elattostachys falcate 

327 Sapindaceae Guioa rhoifolia 

328 Sapindaceae Guoia chrysea 

329 Sapindaceae Koelreuteria elegans 

330 Sapindaceae Pommetia pinnata 

331 Sapindaceae Sapindus vitiensis 

332 Sapotaceae Burckella fijiensis 

333 Sapotaceae Burckella parviflora 

334 Sapotaceae Burckella richii 

335 Sapotaceae Burckella thurstonii 

336 Sapotaceae Manilkara dissecta 

337 Sapotaceae Manilkara smithiana 

338 Sapotaceae Manilkara vitiensis 

339 Sapotaceae Palaquim fidjiense 

340 Sapotaceae Palaquim hornei 

341 Sapotaceae Palaquim porphyreum 

342 Sapotaceae Palaquim vitilevuense 

343 Sapotaceae Planchonella garberi 

344 Sapotaceae Planchonella grayana 


346 Sapotaceae Planchonella membranacea 

347 Sapotaceae Planchonella pyrulifera 

348 Sapotaceae Planchonella sessillis 

349 Sapotaceae Planchonella smithii 

350 Sapotaceae Planchonella umbonata 

351 Sapotaceae Planchonella vitiensis 

352 Saurauiaceae Saurauia rubicund 


354 Simaroubaceae Amaroria soulameoides 

355 Sterculiaceae Commersonia bartramia 

356 Sterculiaceae Firmiama diversifolia 

357 Sterculiaceae Heritiera littoralis 

358 Sterculiaceae Heritiera ornithocephala 


360 Sterculiaceae Kleihovia hospita 

361 Sterculiaceae Melochia degeneriana 

362 Sterculiaceae Melochia vitiensis 

363 Sterculiaceae Pterocymbium oceanicum 

364 Sterculiaceae Sterculia vitiensis 

384

365 Symplocaceae Symplocos leptophylla 


367 Tiliaceae Berrya pacifica 

368 Tiliaceae Grewai vitiensis 

369 Tiliaceae Grewia crenata 

370 Tiliaceae Microcos vitiensis 

371 Tiliaceae Trichospermum calyculatum 

372 Tiliaceae Trichospermum richii 

373 Ulmaceae Celtis vitiensis 

374 Ulmaceae Gironniera celtidifolia 

375 Ulmaceae Parasponia andersonii 

376 Ulmaceae Trema cannabina 


378 Urticaceae Dendrocnide harveyi 

379 Urticaceae Dendrocnide vitiensis 

380 Verbenaceae Gmelina vitiensis 

381 Verbenaceae Premna serratifolia 

382 Verbenaceae Viticipremna vitilevuensis 

Table 3.22: Prelinimary Checklist of Commercial Timber Tree Species of Fiji– Courtesy 

of the Curator of the South Pacific Regional Herbarium in collaboration with the 

Department of Forestry, Suva. 

No. 

Species Family Scientific Name Local name 

1 Anacardiaceae Buchanania vitiensis Maqo ni veikau 

2 Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium timoriense Tarawau 

3 Anacardiaceae Semecarpus vitiensis Kaukaro 

4 Araucariaceae Agathis macrophylla Dakua makadre 

5 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia edulis Vutu ni veikau 

6 Boraginaceae Cordia subcordata Nawanawa 

7 Burseraceae Canarium vanikoroense Kaunisiga 

8 Burseraceae Canarium harveyi Kaunicina 

9 Burseraceae Canarium vitiensis Kaunicina B 

10 Burseraceae Haplolobus floribundus Kaunigai 

11 Caesalpiniaceae Instia bijuga Vesi 

12 Caesalpiniaceae Kingiodendron platycarpum Moivi 

13 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa grandiflora Cibicibi 

14 Caesalpiniaceae Storckiella vitiensis Marasa 

15 Casuarinaceae Gymnostoma vitiense Velau 

16 Ceasalpiniaceae Maniltoa floribunda Cibicibi 

17 Chrysobalanaceae Parinari insularum Sea/sa 

18 Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum Dilo 

19 Clusiaceae Calophyllum neo-ebudicum Damanu kula 

20 Clusiaceae Calophyllum vitiense Damanu 

21 Clusiaceae Calophylum amblyphyllum Damanu dilodilo 

22 Clusiaceae Garcinia adiantha Bulu 

385

23 Clusiaceae Garcinia myrtifolia Bulu 

24 Clusiaceae Garcinia pseudogittifera Bulu m 

25 Clusiaceae Garcinia sessilis Bulu 

26 Clusiaceae Garcinia vitiensis Buluwai 

27 Combretaceae Lumnitzera littorea Sagale 

28 Combretaceae Terminalia capitanea Tivi 

29 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata Vure 

30 Cyatheaceae Cyathea lunulata Balabala 

31 Cyatheaceae Cyathea alata Balabala 

32 Cyatheaceae Cyathea truncata Balabala 

33 Cyatheaceae Cyathea affinis Balabala 

34 Cyatheaceae Dicksonia brackenridgei Balabala 

35 Degeneriaceae Degeneria rosea karawa/yaragele 

36 Degeneriaceae Degeneria vitiensis Masiratu/vavaloa 

37 Ebenaceae Diospyros major Kauloa 

38 Ebenaceae Diospyros samoensis Kauloa 

39 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kambi Kabi 

40 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pyriformis Kabi 

41 Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica Koka 

42 Euphorbiaceae Endospermummacrophyllum Kauvula 

43 Euphorbiaceae Endospermum robbieanum None 

44 Gonystylaceae Gonystylus punctatus Mavota 

45 Hernandiaceae Hernadia olivacea Dalovoci 

46 Loganiaceae Fagraea gracilipes Buabua 

47 Meliaceae Dysoxylum lenticellare Malamala 

48 Meliaceae Dysoxylum quercifolium Mala 

49 Meliaceae Dysoxylum richii Tarawau kei rakaka 

50 Meliaceae Swietenia macrophylla Mahogany 

51 Meliaceae Swietenia mahogany Mahogany 

52 Meliaceae Xylocarpus granatum Dabi 

53 Mimosaceae Acacia richii Qumu 

54 Mimosaceae Saman samanea Rain-tree 

55 Mimosaceae Serianthes melanesica Vaivai ni veikau 

56 Myristicaceae Myristica chartacea Kaudamu draulailai 

57 Myristicaceae Myristica gillespieana Kaudamu male 

58 Myristicaceae Myristica macrantha Male waqa 

59 Myristicaceae Myristica castaneifolia Kaudamu 

60 Myrtaceae Metrosideros colina Vuga 

62 Myrtaceae Syzygium brackenridgei Kavika gaga 

63 Myrtaceae Syzygium diffusum Yasiyasi 

64 Myrtaceae Syzygium fijiense Yasidravu 

65 Myrtaceae Syzygium leucanthum Yasivula 

66 Myrtaceae Syzygium oblongifolium Yasiyasi 

67 Myrtaceae Syzygium quadrangulatum Yasiyasi 

68 Myrtaceae Syzygium rubescens Yasiyasi 

386

69 Myrtaceae Syzygium decussatus Yasi moli 

70 Myrtaceae Syzygium myrtoides Doida 

71 Pinaceae Pinus caribaea Caribbean pine 

72 Pinaceae Pinus radiate None 

73 Podaocarpaceae Dacrydium nausoriense Tagitagi 

74 Podocarpaceae Dacrycarpus imbricatus Amunu 

75 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nidulum Yaka 

76 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus neriifolius Kuasi 

77 Podocarpaceae Retrophyllum vitiensis Dakua salusalu 

78 Proteaceae Turrillia ferruginea Kauceuti levu 

79 Proteaceae Turrillia vitiensis Kauceuti 

80 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia franguloides Doi damu 

81 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia zizyphoides Doi 

82 Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera gymnorhiza Dogo 

83 Santalaceae Santalum alba Yasi ni idia 

84 Santalaceae Santalum yasi Yasi dina 

85 Sapotaceae Palaquium vitilevuensis Baudina 

86 Sapotaceae Burckella fijiensis Bau 

87 Sapotaceae Burckella parviflora Baumika 

88 Sapotaceae Manilkara dissecta Bau saqali 

89 Sapotaceae Palaquim hornei Sacau 

90 Sapotaceae Palaquim porphyreum Bauvudi 

91 Sapotaceae Palaquium hornei Cevua 

92 Sapotaceae Planchonella grayana Bausa 

93 Sapotaceae Planchonella membranacea Sarosaro B 

94 Sapotaceae Planchonella vitiensis Sarosaro 

95 Sterculiaceae Firmiama diversifolia Vauceva/ Anita 

96 Sterculiaceae Heritiera ornithocephala Rosarosa/rogi 

97 Sterculiaceae Pterocymbium oceanicum Ma 

98 Sterculiaceae Sterculia vitiensis Waciwaci 

99 Tiliaceae Trichospermum calyculatum Mako loa 

100 Tiliaceae Trichospermum richii Mako 

101 Verbenaceae Gmelina vitiensis Rosawa 

102 Verbenaceae Premna serratifolia Yaro 

103 Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Teak 

104 Verbenaceae Viticipremna vitilevuensis Bo 

3.12 RAPID BIODIVERSITY SURVEY OF MAKOGADRA ISLAND, 

LOMAIVITI PROVINCE, FIJI ISLANDS 

Makodraga is an uninhabited island 1.4km off the main island of Makogai, sitting on the 

NW border of the Lomaiviti Province. It has an area of about 82ha with an intact tropical 

forest vegetation cover. The highest point is some 120m above sea level, is volcanic with 

387

steep slopes and has potential to be a translocation site for the Fijian Crested Iguana 

(Brachylophus vitiensis) from Yadua Taba Island in Bua Province, Vanua Levu. 

Figure 3.7: Makodraga Island, Lomaiviti Province, Fiji 

The IUCN Red listed endangered Fijian Crested Iguana is endemic to tropical dry forests 

found on smaller islands of Fiji. Yadua Taba Island has good tropical dry forest along 

with the largest (and only secure) population of B. vitiensis in Fiji and has been proposed 

as a translocation source for iguana conservation. Declining populations have been 

recorded from other islands in the Yasawa Group, Mamanuca Group and Macuata Island 

off the north and north-west coast of Viti Levu. 

The aim of this rapid biodiversity assessment survey of Makodraga Island was to find out 

if it is appropriate as a translocation site for crested iguanas. Opportunistic fauna and 

floral surveys were conducted on Saturday 31 st October and Sunday 1 st November 2009 

on the island of Makodraga. 

3.12.1 BACKGROUND 

Makodraga and Makogai Islands were purchased by the Fiji Government in 1908 to 

accommodate a leper colony that was then operational from 1911 to 1969. During the 

Leprosy era, a small bay on the island of Makodraga was utilized as an Observatory point 

and was later used as a picnic spot for the Lepers. The southern end of the bay is 

currently used as a picnic spot by the residents of Makogai Island. The vegetation is 

relatively undisturbed, in particular after feral goats were removed from the island about 

a decade ago by personnel working at the Fisheries field station on Makogai Island. 

There has been no major activity undertaken on Makodraga Island in recent years. 

Makodraga and Makogai Islands, under the Birds and Game Protection Act, are the only 

two islands in the Fiji archipelago that are completely reserved areas in respect of all 

388

game. The conservation status for Makodraga looks promising as it comes under the 

ownership of the government. 

The purpose of this survey is to determine if the Island of Makodraga has the potential to 

be a translocation site for the Yadua Taba Crested Iguana population. The Yadua Taba 

Island Crested Iguana population has been restored to viable numbers over the last 30 

years. Despite the re-establishment of this yet increasing population, the risk of losing 

the species to extinction remains high, this becomes more critical with the recent findings 

of genetic variation between islands. While most of these other islands are inhabited 

and/or currently used for recreational purposes by landowners, Yadua Taba Island 

remains the only safe haven for the species. The current total population, though 

substantial, is still vulnerable being concentrated on only one island. Therefore, the need 

for translocation of the Yadua Taba island Crested Iguana population to a conservation 

site is critical, but in avoidance of cross-breeding with other populations and more so 

with other iguana species. 

The survey team comprised the following personnel - Marika Tuiwawa (South Pacific 

Regional Herbarium, USP), Isaac Rounds (Conservation International), Jone Niukula 

(National Trust Fiji), Saras Sharma (Fiji Department Fisheries) & Nunia Thomas 

(NatureFiji/Mareqeti/Viti). 

3.12.2 METHODS 

Opportunistic fauna and floral surveys were conducted from Saturday 31 st October to 

Sunday 1 st November 2008 on the island of Makodraga next to Makogai Island. The 

surveys were conducted by walking through and across the island (in the forest), along 

the coastal forest; and around the island by boat. 

In addition a brief summary on the result of a Crested Iguana survey by Peter Harlow and 

Rob Fischer in February 2010 will be highlighted in the Herpetofauna section. 

3.12.3 RESULTS 

Herpetofauna 

Opportunistic diurnal herpetofauna surveys were conducted from 11am to 3pm on two 

days (31/10/09 and 01/11/09). The presence of known plants of importance to the diet of 

Fiji‘s native iguanas was noted; and their locations recorded. Geographical Positioning 

Systems (GPS) data of potential iguana breeding sites were recorded using a Thales 

Mobile Mapper TM . One targeted nocturnal survey for iguanas was conducted from 6pm 

to 8pm on the second day (01/11/2009) within the agreed ideal iguana habitat on the 

island (Figure 1). 

Four native and one introduced species of herpetofauna were encountered over the two 

days of survey: Emoia cyanura, E. impar, Cryptoblepharus eximus, Candoia bibroni and 

Lepidodactylus lugubris. Two of the native species are endemic to Fiji. No herpetofauna 

was found during the nocturnal survey (Table 1). 

389

One native, endemic species (Brachylophus bulabula or B. fasciatus) and the introduced 

invasive cane toad (Bufo marinus) were reported by the inhabitants of nearby Makogai 

Island to be occasionally present on Makodraga. 

Table 3.23: List of herpetofauna species found during opportunistic diurnal surveys on 

Makodraga Island from 31 st October and 1 st November 2009. 

Observed 

English name 

REPTILES 

Fijian Name 

Scientific 

name 

Conservation 

Status 

during survey 

/ 

Reported by 

guides 

Pacific boa Gata Candoia 

bibronii 

Native 

Observed 

Oceanic gecko Moko kabi Gehyra 

oceanica 

Native 

Observed 

Mourning or 

Pacific gecko 

Moko kabi Lepidodactylus 

lugubris 

Introduced 

Observed 

Green tree skink Moko sari Emoia 

concolor 

Endemic 

Observed 

Blue-tailed Moko sari Emoia impar 

Observed 

Copper-striped 

skink 

Native 

Brown-tailed Moko sari Emoia 

Observed 

Copper-striped 

skink 

cyanura Native 

Fiji banded Vokai Brachylophus Endemic Reported by 

iguana 

bulabula 

OR 

guides 

AMPHIBIANS 

B. fasciatus Native 

Marine or Cane Boto karokaro Bufo marinus Introduced, Reported by 

toad 

Invasive guides 

Several iguana breeding sites were identified along the south-eastern part of the island 

(Figure 1) , where the soil was relatively soft with less boulders (Figure 2) compared to 

the north western side (Figure 3). 

A survey by P. Harlow and R. Fisher in February 2010 with good weather established the 

presence of the Fiji Banded Iguana on Makodraga Island and they estimated a population 

of 2000 individuals on the island. 

Skink abundance 

Ground skinks were common within the forest to the north-west of Makodraga Island and 

along the slopes from ‗Peak 1‘ to ‗look out point‘. Not many skinks were observed along 

the south-eastern part of the island (from ‗creek bed‘ to ‗ficus‘. 

390

Figure 3.8: Map of areas surveyed and points of interest on Makodraga Island during the 

survey from 31 st October to 01 st November 2009 

Figure 3.9: A potential iguana breeding site with relatively little boulders and loose 

cobbles located in the south-eastern part of the island 

391

Targeted Nocturnal Survey for Iguanas 

A site for a targeted nocturnal survey was selected based on the presence of a dense patch 

of Hibiscus tiliaceus in the south-western part of the island (Figure 1). 

The targeted nocturnal survey was conducted over two hours after dark (18:00 – 20:00). 

Cloud cover and rainfall were 100% and heavy respectively before and during the two 

hours survey. 

No iguanas were found during the survey. 

Weather Conditions 

Cloud (80% cover) and heavy rainfall were prevalent on both days of the survey; with 

only a maximum of 3 hours of strong sunshine. 

392

Figure 3.10: The ground cover of the north-western parts of the island is dominated by 

boulders and loose cobbles. 

Discussion 

It is highly likely that not all resident herpetofauna were recorded during this survey. The 

observed differences in skink abundance between different parts of the island are 

probably not indicative of their distribution and require further investigation. The 

presence of two endemic skinks: C. cryptoblepharus and E. concolor is encouraging. 

Makodraga had been experiencing a dry spell prior to the survey. The effects of the dry 

spell were evident in the dry (flammable) ground cover; making the island and its 

resident fauna and flora very vulnerable to fires. The fact that not a single Iguana was 

observed during the nocturnal survey was solely due to the very bad weather conditions 

(wind and rain) encountered prior and during the survey. 

The survey two months later by P. Harlow and R. Fisher was carried out in ideal 

conditions thus the discovery of a good population of Brachylophus cf. bulabula. 

393

Birds 

Birds surveys during this visit were more opportunistic than methodical, conducted on 

both days (31/10/09 – 1/11/09) on Makodraga with an extra day (2/11/09) for Makogai 

Island. 

Eighteen land birds were encountered on Makodraga, six of which are endemic to the Fiji 

Islands while two are regional endemic species. Please refer to Table 2 for the list of 

birds recorded during the survey. 

Notable observations are that of the high frequency of Friendly Ground Dove 

(Gallicolumba stairi) nests encountered, the lowest seen on a branch growing at around 

1.7m above ground. Apart from the nests, another sign of successful breeding was the 

capture of a juvenile feeding on the ground beneath a strand of Beach Hibiscus (Hibiscus 

tiliaceus). 

Figure 3.11: Signs of successful breeding for Friendly Ground Dove 

An adult male was found dead with its head stuck in a notch on a dead tree trunk, in 

which a pool of water had accumulated. (Refer to Figure 5) 

394

Figure 3.12: Male Friendly Ground Dove stuck on a notch trying to get to the pool of 

water 

The only bird that was never heard calling but observed perched and flying below the 

canopy is the Fiji Goshawk, a bird of prey that has the potential to prey on other animals. 

One that has been recorded feeding on iguanas in Yadua Taba is the Pacific Harrier, of 

which two pairs were sighted flying over the hills on Makogai Island. Open grasslands 

that are nesting sites for harriers are seldom on Makodraga but observed on nearby 

Makogai. 

Figure 3.13: A Fiji Goshawk perched on a branch. 

395

Table 3.24: List of Land birds of Makogai and Makodraga Islands observed during this 

assessment survey and recorded on literature 

Makodraga & Makogai 

Land Bird Records 

1. Banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis 

396 

Makodraga Makogai Distribution Threat 

Status 

2. Barking Pigeon Ducula latrans E 

3. Barn Owl Tyto alba 

Literature 

Record 

(observation 

date) 

4. Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora Ex W 

5. Collared Lory Phigys solitarius E 

6. Common Mynah Acridotheres tristis 

7. Crimson-crowned Fruit- Ptilinopus 

RE 

dove 

porphyraceus 

8. Eastern Reef Heron Egretta sacra 

9. Fiji Bush Warbler Cettia ruficapilla E 

10. Fiji Goshawk Accipiter rufitorques E 

11. Fiji Parrotfinche Erythrura pealii E B (6 th 

12. Friendly Ground-dove Gallicolumba stairii RE V 

13. Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus 

14. Lesser Shrikebill Clytorhynchus vitiensis 

15. Orange-breasted 

Myzomela 

Myzomela jugularis E 

16. Pacific Harrier Circus approximans CITES 

Appendi 

x II 

17. Pacific Pigeon Ducula pacifica ? 

18. Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica 

19. Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 

20. Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 

21. Silvereye Zosterops lateralis 

22. Slaty Monarch Mayrornis lessoni E 

23. Spotted Turtle-dove Streptopelia chinensis 

24. Vanikoro Broadbill Myiagra vanikorensis 

25. White-collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris 

26. White-rumped Swiftlet Aerodramus 

spodiopygia 

 

27. White-t`hroated Pigeon Columba vitiensis 

March, 

2009) 

28. Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Ex W – 1924 

Key: Recorded during this trip from 

Makogai and Makodraga 

Endemicity: E - Fiji Endemic 

Threat Status 

Historic/Literature 

Record 

RE – Regional Endemic 

V- Vulnerable (IUCN Red List 2008) 

AR - At Risk in Fiji (Watling 2001) 

Ex – Extirpated according to literature 

W – Watling, 2001 

B – Birdstack

Discussion 

Makodraga and Makogai Islands, under the Birds and Game Protection Act, are the only 

two islands in the Fiji archipelago that are completely reserved areas in respect of all 

game. 

[Quote from the Birds and Game Protection Act – Cap. 170 Rev. 1985] 

Game birds include Fijian Wood Pigeon, Peale‘s Pigeon or Barking Pigeon (Ducula 

latrans) and the fruit doves. 

Recommendations 

Proper birds survey is to be conducted 

Rat survey is recommended, especially on the current density as Friendly Ground 

Dove breeding appears to be very successful 

Research: Does the Fiji Goshawk feed on iguanas?? 

Flora and Vegetation 

According to Keppel and Tuiwawa (2007) the vegetation type of Makodraga Island 

would be described as Tropical Dry Forest found in the Dry Zone Forests of Fiji 

comprising coastal (including mangroves) and lowland plants. Three habitat/forest types 

were observed and they included the Coastal or Beach Forest Type, Dry Forest Type, and 

the Mangrove Forest. 

Coastal or Beach Forest Type 

Such forest type is restricted immediately above the high water mark along the coastline 

(Fig 7). On the flat sections of the coastline this forest type is extensive and here some of 

the more dominant trees like Pisonia grandis, Barringtonia asiatica and Terminalia 

catappa occur. 

397

Figure 3.14. Coastal Forest Type with dominant evergreen like Terminalia catappa, 

Barringtonia asiatica and Pisonia grandis. The deciduous (tree without leaves) tree 

Gyrocarpus americanus on the slopes. 

Other common large trees include Hernandia nymphaeifolia, Thespesia populnea, 

Neisosperma oppositifolium, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Cocos nucifera. These trees 

on average had heights of up to 12m with boles of 2-3m. The largest tree measured was 

Terminalia catappa with dbh of 96cm. Shrubs and sub canopy trees observed included 

Hibiscus tiliaceus, Guetarda speciosa, Excoecaria agallocha, Acacia simplex and 

Scaevola taccada. 

Mangrove Forest 

The mangrove forest is not extensive and is restricted only to the south east coast 

covering an area of about 600 m 2 . Here a small stand of Rhizophora cf. stylosa was 

observed. Trees on average grew to three meters in height with an average dbh of about 

35cm. 

Dry Forest 

The rest of the island is mostly made up of this forest type. The bole of the trees on 

average has lengths of about 3m and leaves are sclerophyllous. There are a lot of woody 

lianas and Cycas seemannii (Fig 8). Deciduous trees and shrubs found in the forest type 

included Gyrocarpus americanus, Pleiogynium timoriense, Millettia pinnata, Erythrina 

variegata and Antirhea insconspicua. Two other deciduous plants normally found on 

such forest were not observed - Koeluteria elegans and Garuga floribunda. Lianas and 

creepers include Entada phaseoloides, Ventilago vitiensis and Dichapetalum vitiense and 

are common throughout the island. 

The ground cover is covered with sparsely dispersed woody plants like Alyxia sp, 

Nephrolepsis sp., the grasses Scleria sp. and Oplismenus sp. 

Overall there is evidence of previous grazing and fire but no recent sign of such activities. 

The Island overall has only a handful of invasive species that have very little ecological 

impact. 

398

Figure 3.15 Woody lianas and short bole trees are typical characters of a dry forest. 

Figure 3.16: Cycas seemannii in abundance. Note dry underground cover ideal for fuel 

for fires. Rocky rubbles on the forest floor is not ideal for breeding for iguanas. 

Flora 

A total of 89 taxa were recorded during the two day survey comprising of nine exotics, 

nine endemic and 71 indigenous species (see Appendix 1). The majority of the plants 

recorded were trees comprising 73% (65 spp.) of the flora followed by lianas and 

creepers with 14% (12 spp.), shrubs 9% (8 spp.) and ferns 4% (4 spp.). The three largest 

groups are the families Fabaceae with twelve species followed by Euphorbiaceae with six 

species and Rubiaceae and Apocynaceae with four species each. These four groups 

comprise 25% of the overall flora of Makogadra island. 

399

The invasive species observed during the survey included Mikania micrantha and 

Passiflora foetida. Other weedy and noxious plants recorded include Lantana camara, 

Samanea saman, Vernonia cinerea and Mangifera indica. 

Discussion 

The Dry Forest vegetation on Makogadra is one of the best observed throughout Fiji. 

There are very few problematic plants on the island and their density is so low that they 

pose very little negative ecological impact not only with their current status but with any 

attempt to remove them. 

More than 90% of plants observed during the survey are also present on Yadua Taba and 

almost all of these are plants species used by the Crested Iguana as food. 

The island is also an ideal location for the ex situ conservation for some of Fiji‘s more 

threatened dry forest and/or drier zone threatened species. 


Additional survey of the flora is essential 

Eradication and Control of invasive and weeds (potentially problematic plants) 

A formal protected status for the island should be pursued. 

Table 3.24: Tentative Checklist of Plants from Makodraga Island, Lomaiviti Group, Fiji 

Islands in November 2009 against those recorded from Yadua Taba in 2002. 

Family Botanical Name Distrib’n Makogodra Yadua 

Taba 

Agavaceae Cordyline fruticosa Ind X X 

Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Ind X X 

Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum Exo X X 

Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Exo X 

Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium timoriense Ind X 

Apocynaceae Alyxia stellata Ind X X 

Apocynaceae Cerbera manghas Ind X X 

Apocynaceae Ervatamia obtusiuscula Ind X X 

Apocynaceae Neisosperma 

Ind X X 

oppositifolium 

Aracaceae Cocos nucifera Ind X X 

Araceae Epipremnum pinnatum Ind X X 

Araliaceae Polyscias multijuga Ind X X 

Aspleniaceae Asplenium australasicum Ind X X 

Asteraceae Mikania micrantha Exo X X 

Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea Exo X X 

Boraginaceae Cordia subcordata Ind X X 

Boraginaceae Tournefortia argentea Ind X X 

400

Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra falcata End X X 

Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra insularis Ind X X 

Caesalpiniaceae Kingiodendron 

platycarpum 

End X X 

Capparaceae Capparis quiniflora Ind X 

Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisitifolia Ind X X 

Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum Ind X X 

Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Ind X X 

Combretaceae Terminalia samoensis Ind X 

Cycadaceae Cycas seemannii Ind X 

Cyperaceae Scleria lithosperma Ind X X 

Davalliaceae Davallia solida Ind X X 

Davalliaceae Nephrolepis biserrata Ind X X 

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum vitiense End X X 

Ebenaceae Diospyros samoensis Ind X X 

Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana Ind X X 

Euphorbiaceae Drypetes vitiensis Ind X 

Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria agallocha Ind X X 

Euphorbiaceae Glochidion vitiense End X X 

Euphorbiaceae Mallotus tiliifolius Ind X X 

Euphorbiaceae Stillingia pacifica Ind X X 

Fabaceae Abrus precatorius Ind X X 

Fabaceae Acacia simplex Ind X X 

Fabaceae Caesalpina bonduc Ind X 

Fabaceae Canavalia sericea Ind X X 

Fabaceae Dendrolobium 

Ind X 

umbellatum 

Fabaceae Derris trifoliate Ind X X 

Fabaceae Entada phaseoloides Ind X X 

Fabaceae Erythrina variegate Ind X X 

Fabaceae Intsia bijuga Ind X X 

Fabaceae Millettia pinnata Ind X X 

Fabaceae Sophora tomentosa Ind X X 

Fabaceae Vigna marina Ind X X 

Flacourtiaceae Caesaria richii End X 

Flacourtiaceae Homalium vitiense End X X 

Goodeniaceae Scaevola taccada Ind X X 

Hernandiaceae Gyrocarpus americanus Ind X X 

Hernandiaceae Hernandia 

Ind X X 

nymphaeifolia 

Lethydiaceae Barringtonia asiatica Ind X X 

Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus Ind X X 

Malvaceae Thespesia populnea Ind X X 

401

Meliaceae Vavaea amicorum Ind X X 

Meliaceae Xylocarpus moluccensis Ind X X 

Mimosaceae Samanea saman Exo X X 

Moraceae Ficus barclayana End X X 

Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Exo X 

Moraceae Ficus prolixa Ind X X 

Myrsinaceae Maesa c.f insularis End X X 

Myrtaceae Eugenia reinwardtiana Ind X X 

Nyctaginaceae Pisonia grandis Ind X X 

Olaceae Ximenia Americana Ind X X 

Orchidaceae Dendrobium sp. Ind X 

Pandanaceae Pandanus tectorius Ind X X 

Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida Exo X X 

Passifloraceae Passiflora suberosa Exo X X 

Poaceae Oplismenus hirtellus Ind X X 

Poaceae Sporobulos cf diander Ind X 

Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus grossus Ind X X 

Rhamnaceae Colubrina asiatica Ind X X 

Rhamnaceae Ventilago vitiensis Ind X X 

Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora stylosa Ind X X 

Rubiaceae Antirhea incospicua Ind X X 

Rubiaceae Guettarda speciosa Ind X X 

Rubiaceae Morinda citrifolia Ind X X 

Rubiaceae Psydrax odorata Ind X X 

Rutaceae Micromelum minutum Ind X X 

Sapindaceae Elattostacys falcata Ind X X 

Sapotaceae Manilkara cf dissecta End X X 

Sapotaceae Planchonella grayana Ind X X 

Thymelaeceae Wikstroemia foetida Ind X X 

Tiliaceae Grewia crenata Ind X X 

Verbanaeceae Lantana camara Exo X X 

Verbanaeceae Vitex trifolia Ind X X 

Verbanecaeae Clerodendrum inerme Ind X X 

402

3.13 INTRODUCED SPECIES 

An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous or non-native species refers to those species 

living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity 

either deliberate or accidental (Wikipedia Foundation Incorporation, 2010). According 

to Convention on Biological Diversity 1997 National Report, the total number of vascular 

plants known from Fiji is approximately 2,600 (Department of Environment, 1997:5). 

Out of these 1,600 are native and 1,000 are introduced. Furthermore, a study conducted 

by Smith from 1979 to 1991 recorded 934 introduced species (Department of 

Environment, 1997:5). However, this was an underestimate based solely on herbarium 

specimens. The correct figure is estimated to be over 1000 introduced species 

(Department of Environment, 1997:5). 

There are 11 introduced bird species to Fiji, of which three species, the two mynahs 

(Acridotheres tristis and Acridotheres fuscus) and the Red Vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus 

cafer) are considered pest species. Since the islands were first inhabited a number of 

introduced mammals were brought along either deliberately for food or accidentally (as 

stowaways). Most of these mammals have had devastating impacts on the land, including 

extirpating some of the native ground-nesting birds. Some of the introductions include 

the three species of rats: the Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) brought by early inhabitants; 

the Brown rat (Rattus norgegicus); and the Black rat (Rattus rattus). The Brown and the 

Black rats were brought probably by European sea-voyagers, as was the House mouse 

(Mus musculus). Pigs (Sus scrofa) were brought by the first inhabitants, most probably 

for food; however, many became feral causing serious damage to native forests. Another 

unfortunate introduction to Fiji was the Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) that 

was introduced in 1883 from the West Indies to control rats in sugar cane fields. 

Fortunately, the devastation caused by this pest has not yet made it to many of the outer 

islands (e.g. Taveuni), and efforts should be made to keep these islands mongoose-free. 

Deer (Dama dama) were introduced to Wakaya island, as were goats (Capra hircus) and 

cats (Felis catus) to some islands. Horses were introduced probably by the missionaries 

in the 1860s, and illustrated in a wooden engraving in Reverend James Calvert‘s book 

‗Fiji and Fijians: v. 2 Mission history‘, it was said to have caused such a fright to the 

natives. 

Eight of the 29 families are solely associated with introduced fauna (Valloniidae, 

Ariophantidae, Subulinidae, Streptaxidae, Bradybaenidae, Agriolimacidae, Zonitidae) 

while the shell-less family Vaginulidae, commonly known as ―leatherleaf‖ slugs, includes 

two introduced and one native species, Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874). As mentioned 

by Barker (2005) this native species is likely to have been confused with the introduced 

members of the family. Unfortunately to date no identification guides exist to aid 

separation. Besides the identification obstacles, several of the sixteen known introduced 

species are considered to have potential implications for agricultural productivity, 

biodiversity loss or human and livestock health, however very little information is 

currently available to allow risk assessments to be undertaken. 

There is an immediate and critical need for collation of existing information into a form 

that can be utilised by resource managers. Introduced palms include Metroxylon 

warburgii, Pinanga coronata (introduced in the 1970s in Colo-i-Suva but now invasive). 

403

According to Department of Environment (1997:9), the introduced fauna of Fiji 

includes: 

11 species of birds. 

4 introduced mammals (four rodents and the lndian mongoose Herpestes 

auropunctatus). 

1 introduced species of the giant toad Bufo marinus. 

(Department of Environment, 1997:9) 

3.14 PLANTATION SPECIES 

Plantation species of flora vary from industry to industry and from region to region. 

Some of the plantation species of timber include Amunu (Dacrycarpus Imbricatus), 

Buabua (Fragraea Gracilipes), Dakua Makdre (Agathis Vitiensis), Dakua Salusalu 

(Deccussocarpus Vitiensis), Kuasi (Podocarpus Nerrifolius), Rosawa (Gmelina 

Vitiensis), Yaka (Dacrydium Spp), Vesi (Intsia Bijuga), Dabi (Xlocarpus Spp), Damanu 

(Calophyllum Spp), Dilo (Calophyllum Inophyllum), Nawanawa (Cordia Subcordata), 

Raintree/Vaivai (Samanea Saman), Bauvudi (Palaquium spp), Kauceuti (Bleasdala 

Vitiensis), Kaudamu (Myristica Castaneifolia), Kauvula (Endosperm Macrophyllum), 

Mavota (Gonystylus Punctaus), Kaunicia (Canarium Vitiense), Sagali (Lumnitzera 

Littorea), Dogo (Bruguiera Gymnorhiza), Vaivai-ni-veikau (Scrianthes Myriadenia), 

Laubu (Garcinia Myrtifolia), Rosarosa (Heritiera Ornithocephala), Sacau (Palaguium 

Hornei), Sasauira (Dysoxylum Spp), Tivi (Terminalia Spp), Yasidamu (Cleistrcalyx Spp), 

Yasidravu (Syzgium Spp), Qumu (Acacia Richii) and Doi (Alphitonia Zizyphoides) 

(Ministry of Forest, 2006:35). Another study conducted by Thaman et al., (2000:1-60) 

stated that: 

Over 130 tree plantation species are used for commercial purposes. 

20 important tree species used for local construction purposes. 

Over 50 plantation species used for woodcarving. 

Almost 100 species or groups of plantation species from the same genera, listed as 

being among the 10 most important medicinal plants in a given area. 

Over 80 plantation species are culturally or economically important species. 

3.15 INVASIVE/INTRODUCED SPECIES 

Introduced species are thriving in many parts of Fiji, especially in areas where there is 

close contact with human habitation. Two bats (C. bregullae and E. semicaudata) are 

listed as endangered, with P. samoensis near threatened and N. macdonaldi vulnerable. 

Key sites were identified by Palmeirim et al. (2005) as priority sites for bat conservation. 

Some of the invasive species of Fiji are: 

Fruit flies (Bactrocera passiflorea, B. xanthodes, B. kirki, B. obscura, B. distincta, 

B. gentum). 

Taro Beetle (Papuana huebneri). 

African tulip (Spathodea campanulate). 

Rats (Rattus rattus), (R. exulans), (R.norvegicus), (R. musculus). 

Indian mongoose (Rallus phillopensis). 

404

Indian myna (Acridotheres tristis). 

Jungle myna (Acridotheres fuscus). 

Red-vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer). 

(Food and Agriculture Organisation: 2010) 

3.16 MIGRATORY SPECIES 

Some of the species of flora and fauna that are migratory include: 

Out of the 55 terrestrial breeding species of birds found in Fiji, 1 is inland migrant 

and 16 coastal migrants. 

(Department of Environment, 1997:9). 

3.17 ENDANGERED SPECIES 

Study conducted by Doyle (1998) as cited in World Wildlife Fund (2001) stated that a 

number of Fiji‘s 10 gymnosperm species are considered endangered including the 

endemics Podocarpus affinis, Acmophyle sahniana, and Dacrydium nausoriense. 

Building on this idea another study conducted by Doyle & Fuller (1998) as cited in 

World Wildlife Fund (2001) stated that 24 native palm species are enedemic to Fiji and at 

least 8 out of the 24 are endangered or critically endangered including Neoveitchia 

storckii. Other flora and fauna that are endangered to Fiji include the following: 

Fiji petrel (Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi). 

Fijian ground frog 

Fiji tree frog 

Giant forest Honey eater 

Kadavu Parrot 

Polynesian Storm Petrel 

Long legged Warbler 

Pink Billed Parrotfinch 

Rotuman myzomela 

Friendly ground dove 

Black faced Shrikebill 

Fiji Petrel 

Ogea Monarch 

Silktail 

Red-throated Lorikeet 

Bristle-thighed Curlew 

Acochlidium fiiense 

Giant Fijian Longhorn Beetle 

Fijian Stick Insect 

Fijidoma maculata 

Pacific Sheath-tail Bat 

Fijian Flying Fox 

Fiji Blossom Bat 

Neoveitchia storckii 

405

Navua palm 

Alsmithia longipes 

Balaka streptostachys 

Taqawa 

Acmopyle Sahniana 

Pterocymbium oceanicum 

Pacific Kauri 

Sandalwood 

Balaka 

Tagimaucia 

Balaka Microcarpa 

Cynametra falcata 

Dacrydium Nausoriense 

Taro 

Fiji Craested Iguana 

Fiji Banded Iguana 

Rotuman Crested Gecko 

Onoilau Skink 

Fiji Burrowing snake 

Fijian Copper Headed Skink 

(Nature Fiji: 2010) 

Assessment for Fiji birds threatened status was undertaken using the IUCN Red Listing 

criteria (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2010). 

Fiji has 18 birds that conform to the Red Listing categories (extinct, critically 

endangered, endangered, vulnerable and near threatened). The recent surveys by Birdlife 

International concluded that the Giant Forest Honeyeater (Gymnomyza viridis), once 

considered vulnerable, is now of least concern (widespread and abundant) (Birdlife 

International 2006). Two species that are critically endangered are the Fiji Petrel 

(Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi) and the Red-throated Lorikeet (Charmosyna amabilis). 

The critically endangered Mirimiri acrodonta has only been reported from the high-forest 

areas of Taveuni, with unconfirmed sightings from areas in Vanua Levu. Its limited 

distributional range makes it highly vulnerable to extinction, which is exacerbated by 

roost disturbance and roost loss, hunting, introduced predators and de-forestation. The 

restricted distribution of many of the Fiji‘s native palms makes them vulnerable. The 

disturbance usually by human activities is the biggest threat to these species. Fifteen palm 

species are threatened, six are Critically Endangered, four are Endangered, five 

Vulnerable and the remaining near threatened or least concern. 

3.18 ENDEMIC SPECIES 

Fiji forests are known for the large number of enedemic species and higher taxa 

(McGinley, 2007). In particular, there are 1,769 vascular plants native to Fiji with about 

406

23% endemism (McGinley, 2007). Some of the species of flora and fauna that are 

enedemic to Fiji include the following: 

Primitive tree – Degeneraceae. 

cycad, Cycas rumphi. 

giant Agathis macrophylla 

Dacrydium nausoriense 

24 native palm species 

Fiji Ground Frog (Platymantis vitianus) 

Fiji Tree Frog (Platymantis vitiensis) 

One terrestrial snake, Ogmodon vitiensis 

4 native passerines 

3 parrots 

4 pigeons 

Striking crested Iguana 

Banded Iguana 

silktail (Lamprolia victoriae) 

orange dove (Ptilinopus victor) 

golden dove (P. luteovirens) 

whistling dove (P. layardi) 

The long-legged warbler (Trichocichla rufa) 

bar-winged rail (Rallus poecilopterus) 

monkey-faced fruit bat (Pteralopex acrodonta) 

mastiff bat (Tadarida jobensis) 

pink-billed parrotfinch (Erythrura kleinschmidti) 

Peale‘s pigeon (Ducula latrans) 

Red-throated lorikeet (Charmosyna amabilis) 

Further the Wallis and Futuna Islands have endemic land snails and 5 endemic bird 

subspecies (Gill, 1995 as cited in McGinley 2007). Over half of the native flora of Fiji is 

made up of endemic species. Some of these endemics have narrow or limited distribution. 

For the palms 24 are endemics (except Calamus vitiensis). There is uncertainty whether 

Pritchardia pacifica is indigenous or was introduced when the islands were settled. 

Fiji has a total of 27 endemic species, the Fiji Petrel being the only endemic seabird 

species. Watling (2001) recognised 85 sub-species that are endemic to Fiji. These 

endemic birds are often confined on a single island. Such endemics include the Rotuman 

Polynesian Starling (Aplonis tabuensis rotumae) and Lesser Shrikebill (Clytorhynchus 

vitiensis wiglesworthi) found only in Rotuma, the Collared Kingfisher (Todiramphus 

chloris eximia) and Island Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus ruficeps) of Kadavu and the 

Golden Whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis vitiensis) of Gau. 

Of these 225 known species of terrestrial gastropod mollusc fauna of Fiji, 43 are native 

(indigenous), 166 are endemic and 16 are introduced. This represents a level of 74% 

endemism, confirming the importance of the unique Fijian fauna at a national, regional 

and global level. The majority of native and endemic fauna appear to be associated with 

native forest habitats, that is, thirty-five members of three different families; namely, 

(Assimineidae, Ellobiidae and Truncatellidae) are considered to be associated with a high 

407

intertidal or supralittoral habitats and these taxa may not have been included in previous 

Fijian land snail biodiversity estimates. According to Barker (2005), six of these 35 

species are endemic, four are of unconfirmed status and 25 are native. 

3.19 TRADED SPECIES 

Some of the trade species of flora include Amunu (Dacrycarpus Imbricatus), Buabua 

(Fragraea Gracilipes), Dakua Makdre (Agathis Vitiensis), Dakua Salusalu 

(Deccussocarpus Vitiensis), Kuasi (Podocarpus Nerrifolius), Rosawa (Gmelina 

Vitiensis), Yaka (Dacrydium Spp), Vesi (Intsia Bijuga), Dabi (Xlocarpus Spp), Damanu 

(Calophyllum Spp), Dilo (Calophyllum Inophyllum), Nawanawa (Cordia Subcordata), 

Raintree/Vaivai (Samanea Saman), Bauvudi (Palaquium spp), Kauceuti (Bleasdala 

Vitiensis), Kaudamu (Myristica Castaneifolia), Kauvula (Endosperm Macrophyllum), 

Mavota (Gonystylus Punctaus), Kaunicia (Canarium Vitiense), Sagali (Lumnitzera 

Littorea), Dogo (Bruguiera Gymnorhiza), Vaivai-ni-veikau (Scrianthes Myriadenia), 

Laubu (Garcinia Myrtifolia), Rosarosa (Heritiera Ornithocephala), Sacau (Palaguium 

Hornei), Sasauira (Dysoxylum Spp), Tivi (Terminalia Spp), Yasidamu (Cleistrcalyx Spp), 

Yasidravu (Syzgium Spp), Qumu (Acacia Richii) and Doi (Alphitonia Zizyphoides). 

Government has important bans on the trade of fauna from Fiji (Ministry of Forest, 

2006:35). 

3.20 STATE OF RESEARCH AND GAPS IN EXISITNG LITERATURE 

In terms of knowledge gaps lie in documenting cryptic bird distribution and population. 

As local ornithologist, Dr Dick Watling stated in his Birds of Fiji publication, ‗...the basic 

ecological and behavioural knowledge of almost all of our native birds is very poor, and 

next to nothing is known about our rare visitors and vagrants‘. The local NGO, Nature 

Fiji is currently documenting the Fiji Petrel and such research should be encouraged for 

the other endemic bird species. Underpinning these research efforts is the need to 

conserve native forests – the habitat and nesting sites of the birds of Fiji. 

The total biodiversity of the islands of Fiji is therefore not known, nor is the total 

distribution and abundance of the species known. Analysis of the literacy outcomes in 

the area of land resources inventory of Fiji states that land resources inventory of Fiji has 

been under researched in Fiji. In particular, less data is available on the biology and 

ecology of indigenous and endemic plants. Majority of the data collected from the 

Ministry of Forestry date back to the 1990s. This indicates that further studies need to be 

carried to determine an approximate state of the most recent land inventory of Fiji. New 

studies need to be undertaken to determine the fluctuations in the land resource inventory 

of Fiji. It is essential that studies are continuously undertaken to determine the 

endangered and extinct land resources of Fiji so that effective practices are undertaken to 

stop the extinction of the land resources. Updated information for various categories of 

Fiji forests is provided under the Food and Agriculture Organisation of United Nations, 

(2010). 

408

3.21 CONCLUSION 

In this chapter I have looked at the following issues. Firstly, physical geography and 

soils of Fiji. Second, the native forests, logged forests, rehabilitated areas, protected 

forests, conservation areas, mangroves and plantation forests. Third, terrestrial flora and 

fauna of Fiji. Fourth, gaps in existing literature in the field of land resource inventory of 

Fiji. 

The next chapter will focus on agricultural resources of Fiji. 

409

410

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421

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422

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423

APPENDIX 

424

CONTACT LIST OF THE VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS 

Stakeholders Contact Person 

Hydrology Section PWD Asenaca 

425 

Siteri 

Oneil Kumar 

FEA Subash 

Meteorological Office Ravin 

Karunesh Rao 

USP Professor William Aalbersberg 

Posa Skelton 

Siteri Tikoca 

Marika Tuiwawa 

Edward Lovell 

G. Robin South 

Johnson Seeto 

Mareqeti Viti Dick Watling 

Fisheries Aisake Batibasage 

Yashika Nand 

FLMMA Professor William Aalbersberg 

NGOs 

Siteri Tikoca 

Posa Skelton 

Marika Tuiwawa 

SPC En Beeles 

National Trust 

Posa Skelton 

NLTB Unaisi Cebaivalu 

Solomoni Nata 

SPC Ian Peebles 

WCS Sunil 

Cara Miller 

Lands Laisa Raratabu

426 

Selina Talamaisinai 

Mareqeti Viti Dick Watling 

SPREP 

SOPAC Paul 

Forestry Samuela Lagitaki 

Akosita 

Noor 

Agriculture Kelera 

Town Planning 

Osea Bolawatabu 

Maria Elder 

Department of Energy Susana Pulini 

Mineral Resources Department Raijieli Baleiwai 

Source: Created by Author (2010). 

Urmila

Birds of the Fiji Islands 

Dick Watling, Birdlife International, Posa Skelton 

What are birds? 

Birds are perhaps one of the most enigmatic groups of living creatures having evolved 

since the Jurassic period (150-200 million years ago) to exist in almost all the landmasses 

of earth. Their unique characters of wings, two feet, warm-blooded and egglaying 

warranted their placement under the class Aves (phylum Chordata, sub-phylum 

Vertebrata). The exact number of living bird species is not known, but an estimate of 

around 10,000 species has been suggested. 

Why are they important? 

Birds are important ecologically, through pollination of wild and agricultural plants to 

dispersal of seeds to new environment. While some birds feed exclusive on plants, others 

are predators, feeding on small insects, reptiles, mammals, even other birds, such as the 

Fiji Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), the Swamp Harrier (Circus approximans) and 

the Fiji Goshawk (Accipiter rufitorques). From a human perspective birds were once 

commonly used for sending and receiving messages (homing pigeon [a variety of the Fiji 

feral pigeon] - Columba livia), for fishing (cormorant – Phalacrocorax spp.) and as food 

(eggs, poultry, guano). Because of the vast distances covered by migrating birds (e.g. 

Pacific golden plover – Pluvialis fulva), they can become carriers of some diseases. 

Birds also make admirable flagships, being better known to local people and in traditional 

culture and they are vital environmental indicators. 

History of bird research in Fiji 

A summary of the historical account of Fijian birds can be found in Dick Watling‘s 

(2001) ‗A guide to the birds of Fiji & Western Pacific‘. Bird exploration of Fiji can be 

categorised into three phases. 

1. First phase: early European exploration (1820s to late 1880s). During this period 

the French explorer Jules Dumont d‘Urville collected a few specimens from Fiji. 

The US Wilkes Exploring Expedition followed with surveys from 1838-1842 with 

a few species noted. 

2. Phase two: 1920-1940 includes the Whitney South Sea Expedition. The 

application of science in bird surveys becomes more coherent than previous 

expeditions. 

3. Phase three: 1950-today – modern taxonomic treatise. 

Research activities on the birds of Fiji are in progress with recent efforts to document the 

population of the Fiji Petrel. 

427

Bird diversity 

The bird biodiversity of Fiji are grouped into six categories (adopted from Birdlife 

International 2006) 

i. Native breeding land-birds (57 species + 3 extinct species) 

ii. Introduced birds (11 species) 

iii. Native breeding seabirds (19 species) 

iv. Non-breeding migrant (and vagrant) seabirds (29 species) 

v. Non-breeding migrant (and vagrant) waders (22 species) 

vi. Non-breeding migrant (and vagrant) land-birds (1 species). 

From an island perspective this is a fairly rich flora, with a significant proportion of 

endemic species. Thus a total of 142 bird species (including 4 extinct) are catalogued for 

the Fiji avifauna. 

Endemic species 

Fiji has a total of 27 endemic species, the Fiji Petrel being the only endemic seabird 

species. Dick (2001) recognised 85 subspecies that are endemic to Fiji. These endemic 

birds are often confined on a single island. Such endemics include the Polynesia Starling 

(A. T. rotumae) and Lesser Shrikebill (C. V. wiglesworthi) found only on Rotuma, the 

Collared Kingfisher (T.c.eximia) and Island Thrush (T. P. Ruficeps) of Kadavu and the 

Golden Whistler (P.p. vitiensis) of Gau. 

Threatened species 

Assessment for Fiji birds threatened status was undertaken using the IUCN Red Listing 

criteria (www.redlist.org). Fiji has 18 birds that conform to the Red Listing categories 

(extinct, critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable and near threatened). The recent 

surveys by Birdlife International (Birdlife International 2006) concluded that the Giant 

Forest Honeyeater (Gymnomyza viridis) once considered vulnerable, is now of least 

concern (widespread and abundant). Two species that are critically endangered are the 

Fiji Petrel (Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi) and the Red-throated Lorikeet (Charmosyna 

amabilis). In a survey conducted by BirdLife International in August 2008, no lorikeets 

were sighted; however the team concluded that more resources are needed to undertake 

extensive research in order to re find the lorikeet. In mid 2009, an expedition to find the 

elusive Fiji petrel proved successful and for the first time, images are available of the 

bird, as well as detailed descriptions of its flight and behaviour in comparison to other 

species. Currently research is being undertaken on the Fiji Petrel (Dick Watling to 

provide a summary – please). 

Introduced species 

428

Eleven species have been introduced to Fiji, of which two species, the mynah and the 

bulbul are well known for their invasiveness. 

Bird distribution 

A good guide to the bird distribution in Fiji is given in Birdlife International (2006). 

A number of researchers have undertaken some research on the distribution of birds 

throughout Fiji. This includes Naikatini‘s research on forest birds, Birdlife International‘s 

sponsored students who have now completed their thesis on spatial relationship between 

forest birds and habitats in degraded and non-degraded forest, and a comparative study of 

bird abundance and diversity in non-degraded and degraded mid-altitude rainforests of 

the Viti Levu southern highlands. 

Bird knowledge gaps and recommendations 

There remains large areas yet to be explored. 

Need to conserve forests and islands to ensure that birds are protected. 

‗…the basic ecological and behavioural knowledge of almost all our native birds is very 

poor, and next to nothing is known about our rare visitors and vagrants.‘ Dick Watling 

2001 

References 

Belcher, W.J. & Sibson, R.B. 1972. Birds of Fiji in colour. Auckland, Collins. 

BirdLife International. 2006. Important bird areas in Fiji: Conserving Fiji’s natural 

heritage. Suva, Fiji. BirdLife International Pacific Partnership Secretariat. Compiled and 

edited by Masibalavu, V., & Dutson, G. 72 p. 

Clunie, F. 1983. A guide to Fiji birds forthcoming from Fiji Museum. In Domodomo: Fiji 

Museum Quarterly 1(4): 131. 

Clunie, F. 1984. Birds of the Fiji bush. Fiji Museum. 

Clunie, F. 1985. Notes on the bats and birds of Rotuma. In Domodomo: Fiji Museum 

Quarterly 3(4): 153-160. 

Watling, D. 1985. Distribution of Fijian land and freshwater birds. The Whitney South 

Sea expedition. In Domodomo: Fiji Museum Quarterly 3(4): 130-152. 

Watling, D. 2001. A guide to the Birds of Fiji and Western Polynesia: including 

American Samoa, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Wallis & Futuna. Suva, 

Fiji. Environmental Consultants. 272 p. 

Watling, D., & Talbot-Kelly, C. 1987. Birds of Fiji Tonga and Samoa. A. & C. Black 

Publishers Ltd. 

Wood, C.A. & Wetmore, A. 1925. A collection of birds from the Fiji Islands. 

429

Web references 

www.pacificbirds.com/fiji1.html 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_birds_of_Fiji 

http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&region=fj&list=clements 

http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2009/09/fiji_petrel_discovery.html 

430

Centipedes and Millipedes of Fiji 

Diplopoda 

Centipede 

Class: Chilopoda 

Order: 

Lithobiomorpha 

Scolopendromorpha 

Geophilomorpha 

Family: 

Henicopidae (Lamcytes) 

Cryptopidae (Cryptops, Paracryptops,) 

Scolopendridae (Scolopendra, Ostigmus) 

Mecistocephalidae (Tygarrup, Mecistocephalus 

Oryidae (Orphnaeus) 

Geophilidae (Tuoba) 

Species: 

Orphnaeus brevilabiatus Newport – Recorded from Solomon Is, Samoa, Fiji, 

Soceity , Marqesas and Glaapgos. 

Scolopendra morsitans L. 1758 – reported by Kraepelin 1904; Brolemann 1904; 

Wurmli 1875 (from Viti Levu, Nacula, Hofvea, Yanuca, Vatoa, Sava Kasa); 

Pocock 1898, Chamberlin 1920 (Rotuma); Ovalau (BMNH3); Vanua Levu 

(BMNH1) 

Scolopendra subspinipes Leach 1815 – reported by Silverstry 1935; Kraepelin 

1904); Ovalau (1978 WM Mann (MCZ 2) and Levuka, 1969 WM Mann (MCZ 1) 

Viti Levu, Suva. 

Millipede 

Order: 

Polydesmida (Dalodesmidae, Paradoxosomatidae, Pyrgodesmidae) 

Polyzoniida (Siphonotidae) 

Spirobolida (Pachybolidae) 

Julida (Blaniulidae, Julidae) 

Spirostreptida (Cambalidae) 

Family: 

Paradoxosomatidae (Oxidus, Asiomorpha, Akamptogonus) 

Pyrgodesmidae (Aporodes, Cryptocorypha) 

Dalodesmidae (Vanhoeffenia) this family is believed to have a Gondwanan 

distribution (including New Caledonia). It is not found in other Pacific Islands. 

Haplodesmidae (Prosopodesmus) 

431

Siphonotidae (Rhinotus, Siphonotus) aside from species of Rhinotus, the 

Siphonotidae is represented in Australasia by slender, elongate species of 

unknown genus, which are recognizable by the triangular head. 

Pachybolidae (Trigoniulus) 

Blaniulidae (Choneiulus, Proteroiulus) 

Julidae (Cylindroiulus) 

Cambalidae (Nannolene) – endemic to Hawaii 

Cambalopsidae (Glyphiulus) – introduced to islands in the Pacific. 

Possible invaders: 

Rhinotus purpureus is a common synathropic millipede in the northern Neotropics 

being known from Blize, Costa Rica, Panama, Dominica, Guadeloupe and Marie 

Galante, Haiti, Martinique, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, Tobago, Trinidad and 

Surnam (Shelley 1998) 

Trigoniulus corallinus – introduced to Pacific Islands, cited as T. lumbricinus. 

Intercepted in Hawaiian Islands quarantine (Honolulu) among soil with plants 

from Bogor. 

Leptogoniulus naresi found on Philippines may be introduced to other Pacific 

Islands. A specimen was intercepted in Hawaii believed to have originated from 

American Samoa (dated 18 July 1948). 

Chondromorpha exanthotricha native to India/Sri Lanka is reported from Fiji, 

Samoa. 

Desmoxytes planate discovered on the Andaman Islands is known from Fiji 

References: 

Jeekel CAW. 1972. The ‗endemic‘ paradoxosomatids (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) of the 

Fiji Islands. Beaufortia 20: 16. 

Jeekel, CAW. 1980. Records of Diplopoda of the order Polydesmida from Fiji Islandns. 

Entomol. Ber. 40: 122-127 

432

Biodiversity of Fijian Land Snails [draft text likely to be replaced by 

Gilianne Brodie 

Dr. Alison Haynes and Siteri Tikoca 

Snails can be found in a wide range of environments from deserts, ditches, and the 

abyssal depths of the sea. Although most people are familiar with terrestrial snails, land 

snails are in the minority. Many snails are herbivorous, though a few land species and 

many marine species are omnivores or predatory carnivores (Wikipedia projects, 2009). 

Although the word snail is often used for all shelled gastropods, the word "snail" can also 

be used in a more limited sense to mean any of several species of large, air-breathing 

(pulmonate) land snails. Land snails have thinner shells, opposed to water snails, which 

sometimes have very thick shells (Haynes, 1998). 

According to a study carried out by Garrett, 1887, Fiji has 146 species of land snails of 

which 85 were endemic. Germain (1932) agreed with this number but there are many 

synonyms in his list. Haynes (1998) stated that her list consisted of 124 species however 

her list may also include some synonyms, a summary of which is presented below. 

Table 1.4: Land Snails present in Fiji 

Order Family Genus Species 

Prosobranchia Helicinidae 2 9 species 

Diplommatinidae 4 11 species 

Truncatellidae 1 2 species 

Assimineidae 2 12 species 

Pulmonata Ellobiidae 5 20 species 

Pupillidae 2 4 species 

Partulidae 1 1 species 

Subulinidae 2 2 species 

Charopidae 1 4 species 

Tornatellinidae 1 4 species 

Helicarlonidae 5 30 species 

Zonitidae (Trochomorphidae) 1 12 species 

Placostylinae (Bulimulidae) 2 14 species 

Veronicellidae 2 2 species 

Limacidae 1 1 species 

Total 32 128 

433

Land Mammals of the Fiji Islands 

Alifereti Naikatini & Posa A. Skelton 

Introduction 

Mammals of the class Mammalia belong to the phylum Chordata of the Animalia 

kingdom. They are characterised by many traits of which sweat glands (including 

mammary glands in female), air-breathing, and giving birth to live young (except the five 

species of monotremes that lay eggs). About 5,400 species in about 1,200 genera are 

known ranging from the smallest at 3cm (a bat) to the largest at 33m (blue-whale). The 

mammalian orders that are found in Fiji include Rodentia (mice, rats), Chiroptera (bats), 

Carnivora (dogs, cats, mongoose), Perissodactyla (horse), Certartiopdactyla (whales) and 

Primates (human). The Certartiopdactyla is covered separately from the land mammals in 

this Inventory. The primates and some of the domesticated mammals (e.g. cattles, dogs, 

cats, etc.) are noted in this brief, although no detailed information is provided with 

regards to their status and diversity. 

Fiji’s native mammals 

Isolated islands with recent geological history such as those of Fiji do not have the 

diverse mammal fauna that occurs on continental landmasses. Fiji‘s land or terrestrial 

native mammals are few comprising entirely of six bat and flying fox species. (Alifereti – 

are there any extinct mammals?) 

Other non-native mammals were introduced by the early inhabitants of the islands (e.g. 

rats, pigs, dogs,) and subsequent voyages. Domestic animals (cattle, goat, deer, sheep) 

were introduced for various reasons, including economic agricultural development. 

Fiji’s introduced species 

Since the islands were first inhabited a number of introduced mammals were brought 

along either deliberately for food or accidentally (as stow-aways). Most of the mammals 

have had devastating impacts on the land, including extirpating some of the native 

ground-nesting birds. Some of the introductions include the three species of rats: the 

Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) brought by early inhabitants; the Brown rat (Rattus 

norgegicus); and the Black rat (Rattus rattus). The latter two rat species were brought 

probably by European sea-voyagers, as was the House mouse (Mus musculus). Pigs (Sus 

scrofa) were brought by the first inhabitants, most probably for food; however, many 

become feral causing serious damage to the forest. Another unfortunate introduction to 

Fiji was the Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) that was introduced in 1883 

from the West Indies to control rats in sugar cane fields. Fortunately, the devastation 

caused by this pest has not yet made it to many of the outer islands (e.g. Taveuni), and 

efforts should be made to continue to keep these islands mongoose-free. Deer (Dama 

dama) were introduced to Wakaya island, as were goats (Capra hircus) and cats (Felis 

catus) to some islands. Horses were introduced probably by the missionaries in the 

1860s, and were illustrated in a wooden engraving in Reverend James Calvert‘s book 

‗Fiji and Fijians: v. 2 Mission history‘, it was said to have caused such a fright to the 

natives. 

434

Table 1. Land mammals of Fiji 

Pacific Flying-fox Pteropus tonganus 

Samoan Flying-fox Pteropus samoensis 

Fiji Monkey-faced bat Mirimiri acrodonta 

Fijian Blossom-bat Notopteris macdonaldi 

Polynesia Sheath-tail bat Emballonura semicaudata 

Fijian Mastiff-bat Chaerephon bregullae 

Feral Cat Felis domesticus 

Feral Pig Sus scrofa 

Polynesian Rat Rattus exulans 

Black (or Ship) Rat Rattus rattus 

Brown (or Common) Rat Rattus norvegicus 

House Mouse Mus musculus 

Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus 

Deer Dama dama 

Goat Capra hircus 

Dog Canis familiaris 

Horse Equus caballus 

Cattle Bos Taurus (indicus) 

Sheep Ovis aris 

State of terrestrial mammals 

A survey of bats undertaken by Palmeirim et al. from 2000-2001 in over 30 islands 

provided the most up-to-date summary of the state of native bats. The Pacific Flying-fox 

(Pteropus tonganus) was considered of least concern, despite being a target for local 

consumption. The critically endangered M. acrodonta has only been reported from the 

high-forest areas of Taveuni, with unconfirmed sightings from areas in Vanua Levu. Its 

limited distributional range makes it highly vulnerable to extinction, which is exacerbated 

by roost disturbance and roost loss, hunting, introduced predators and de-forestation. 

Introduced species are thriving in many parts of Fiji, especially in areas where there is 

close contact with human habitation. Two bats (C. bregullae and E. semicaudata) are 

listed as Endangered, with P. samoensis Near Threatened and N. macdonaldi Vulnerable. 

Key sites were identified by Palmeirim et al. (2005) as priority sites for bat conservation 

(Table 2). 

Table 2. Key sites for Bat conservation in Fiji 

Sites Rationale 

Yaqeta Island cave, 

Yasawa 

Bekabeka cave, Vanua 

Levu 

Cave harbouring a colony of E. semicaudata with several 

hundred individuals. 

Nursing colony of C. bregullae with thousands of 

individuals. Only roost of the species known in Fiji and one 

of three known globally. 

435

Forests of Taveuni The upland forest of Taveuni is the only area in the World 

where M. acrodonta is known to occur. 

Vatuvara Island Cave with hundreds of E. semicaudata individuals; the 

species is declining in numbers. 

Lau group Quite a few islands of the Lau group still have populations of 

E. semicaudata. In Fiji they are the best hope for this species, 

which is declining dramatically throughout the Pacific. 

Tatuba, Wailotua, 

Wainibuku & Kalabo 

caves, Viti Levu 

(adapted from Palmeirim et al. 2005) 

References 

These caves harbour large colonies of N. macdonaldi. They 

are its only known roosts in Fiji and hold much of the global 

population of this species. 

Birdlife International. 2006. Important bird areas in Fiji – conserving Fiji’s natural 

heritage. Compiled and edited by Masibalavu, V.T., & Dutson, G. Suva, Fiji. 66 p. 

Helgen, K.M. 2005. Systematics of the Pacific monkey-faced bats (Chiropter: 

Pteropodidae), with a new species of Pteralopex and a new Fijian genus. Systematics and 

Biodiversity 3(4): 433-435. 

Hill, J.E., & Beckon, W.N. 1978. A new species of Pteralopex Thomas, 1888 

(Chiroptera: Pterodidae) from the Fiji Islands. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural 

History (Zool.). 34 (2): 65-82. 

Palmeirim, J.M., Champion, A., Naikatini, A., Niukula, J., Tuiwawa, M., Fisher, M., 

Yabaki-Gounder, M., Thorsteinsdóttir, S., Qalovaki, S., & Dunn, T. 2005. Distribution, 

status and conservation of bats in the Fiji Islands. d 

Ryan, P. 2000. Fiji’s Natural Heritage. Exisle Publishing Limited. Auckland, New 

Zealand. 288 p. 

Tate, G.H. 1934. Rodents of the genera Rattus and Mus from the Pacific Islands. Bulletin 

of American Museum of Natural History. 63: 145-178. 

MUST SEE: [Alifereti – do you have any of these references?] 

Ingleby, S., & Flannery, T. (ND). A survey of the mammals of Fiji: report to the 

Government of Fiji. Australian Museum in collaboration with the National Trust of Fiji 

and the Ministry of Primary Industries. Unpublished Report. 

Pernetta, J.C. & Watling, D. 1978. The introduced and native terrestrial vertebrates of 

Fiji. Pacific Science 32: 223-224. 

436

National Biodiversity Inventory for the Department of 

Environment: 

Checklist to the Flora of Fiji 

Written & Compiled 

By 

Senilolia H. Tuiwawa 

South Pacific Regional Herbarium 

Institute of Applied Science 

Faculty of Science and Technology 


July, 2010

TABLE OF CONTENT 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 3 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 4 

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 4 

CHECKLIST TO THE FERNS OF FIJI ............................................................................................... 12 

CHECKLIST TO THE SEED PLANTS OF FIJI ................................................................................. 23 

CHECKLIST TO OTHER POTENTIAL ORNAMENTALS IN FIJI ............................................... 104 

CHECKLIST TO THE TIMBER TREES SPECIES OF FIJI ............................................................ 109 

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

Many thanks to our counterparts at the Department of Environment & the Curator of the 

South Pacific Regional Herbarium for this rare opportunity to showcase plant biodiversity in 

the most fundamental but essential manner practised by botanical scientists all over the 

world. 

PHOTOGRAPHY ACCREDITATION 

Front Cover (Senilolia H. Tuiwawa): Repository of plant specimens for identification and 

verification of plant checklists at the South Pacific Regional Herbarium in Suva. 

3

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

There are 304 species of ferns and of these, 216 species are indigenous, 83 species are 

endemic, and 5 possible endemic species. 

There are 2337 species of seed plants documented for the Flora of Fiji. Of these, there are 20 

species of gymnosperm with 8 indigenous species, 4 endemic species, and 8 exotic species. 

There are 2317 species of flowering plants recorded of which there are 660 indigenous 

species, 807 endemic species, 753 exotic species, 19 aboriginal introductions, 10 possibly 

indigenous species, 36 possible endemic species and 32 possible exotic species. There are 

382 tree species listed, 104 commercial timber tree species and 148 recently introduced 

exotic species that are potential ornamental species. 

4

INTRODUCTION 

Plant checklists are the most rudimentary form of documenting vegetative life in any area of 

study. Given they are quite diverse in form and structure, one must take heed of the task at 

hand as it requires one of formal botanical training or experience (to say the least) for proper 

and credible accounts of the group/taxa observed or reviewed. As such, the opportunity 

presented is a culmination of notable works undertaken by established botanists who 

dedicated 10-20 + years of their lives studying and formally delineating the floristic 

composition that collectively is unique to Fiji’s archipelago. Thus, the executive summary is 

based on the ferns and the seed plants of Fiji by Brownlie (1967) and Smith (1979-1991), 

respectively. The tree species and commercial timber species are extracted from Smiths amd 

Brownlie’s floras. The checklist of other potential ornamentals for Fiji are extracted from A. 

Whistler (1998) in consultation with the Curator of the South Pacific Regional Herbarium. 

Please note, the acronym syn. means synonym. These are plant names that were formally 

used but have become invalid because of findings from recent research. 

Plant is a collective term of reference to what fundamentally is referred to as ferns and seed 

plants. These two groups make up the primary classification in the plant world. Ferns are 

spore reproducing plants that essentially requires an aquatic medium for any chance of 

reproduction. Seed plants obviously are the non-spore bearing group that are by far more 

diverse in form, structure and habitat. The reproductive versatility of seeds allows them to 

opportunistically evolve and adapt to survive various environmental conditions. As such, we 

have seed plants that are scientifically intriguing – e.g. cycads and those that have been 

highlighted as commercially viable – timber tree species. The depth of diversity and 

complexity within these groups is overwhelming and any indications of their wealth will 

most definitely supersede the purpose of this document. Thus, we restrict our knowledge to 

the basics or more so what it is that’s required of a checklist – these are the scientific names 

of individual species, which are always italicized and then followed by the authority or 

person (s) that discovered them; the formal consignment to their family and also an indication 

whether each species is indigenous, endemic or introduced to the area of interest, in this case 

Fiji. 

5

Summary to the Flora Classification of Ferns and Seed Plants formally recorded for Fiji 

Major Plant Groups Plant Group No. of family Family No. of species 

Ferns Fern allies 1 Psilotaceae 3 

Spore producing plants 2 Equisetaceae 1 

3 Lycopodiaceae 14 

4 Selaginellaceae 7 

Ferns 5 Ophioglossaceae 7 

6 Osmundaceae 1 

7 Schizaeaceae 4 

8 Gleicheniaceae 4 

Tree ferns 9 Cyatheaceae 13 

10 Hymenophyllaceae 26 

11 Dennstaedtiaceae 8 

12 Hypolepidaceae 5 

13 Lindsaeaceae 20 

14 Davalliaceae 16 

15 Vittariaceae 34 

16 Aspleniaceae 17 

17 Arthyriaceae 12 

18 Thelypteridaceae 24 

19 Aspidiaceae 38 

20 Lomariopsidaceae 30 

21 Polypodiaceae 19 

Total Species of Ferns 304 

Seed Plants Gymnosperms No. of family Family No. of Species 

1 Cycadaceae 1 

2 Podocarpaceae 9 

3 Araucariaceae 5 

4 Pinaceae 2 

5 Cupressaceae 2 

6 Gnetaceae 1 

Total Species of Gymnosperms 20 

Seed Plants Angiosperms No. of family Family No. of Species 

Flowering plants 7 Limnocharitaceae 1 

Monocots 8 Alismataceae 1 

9 Hydrocharitaceae 3 

10 Potamogetonaceae 1 

11 Ruppiaceae 1 

12 Cymodoceaceae 3 

13 Triuridaceae 1 

6

7 

14 Liliaceae 4 

15 Alliaceae 2 

16 Agavaceae 8 

17 Amaryllidaceae 5 

18 Philesiaceae 1 

19 Asparagaceae 1 

20 Smilacaceae 1 

21 Dioscoreaceae 5 

22 Taccaceae 2 

23 Pontederiaceae 3 

24 Iridaceae 3 

25 Strelitziaceae 2 

26 Musaceae 8 

27 Heliconiaceae 5 

28 Costaceae 1 

29 Zingiberaceae 17 

30 Cannaceae 1 

31 Marantaceae 3 

32 Orchidaceae 

33 Cyperaceae 44 

34 Bromeliaceae 3 

35 Commelinaceae 6 

36 Flagellariaceae 3 

37 Joinvilleaceae 1 

38 Poaceae 134 

39 Arecaceae 49 

40 Araceae 15 

41 Lemnaceae 1 

42 Pandanaceae 20 

43 Typhaceae 1 

Dicots 44 Degeneriaceae 1 

45 Annonaceae 22 

46 Myristicaceae 6 

47 Aristolochiaceae 2 

48 Piperaceae 16 

49 Peperomiaceae 31 

50 Chloranthaceae 2 

51 Trimeniaceae 1 

52 Monimiaceae 1 

53 Hernandiaceae 3 

54 Lauraceae 37 

55 Cassythaceae 1 

56 Gyrocarpaceae 1 

57 Nymphaeaceae 2

8 

58 Ceratophyllaceae 1 

59 Menispermaceae 1 

60 Ranunculaceae 1 

61 Papaveraceae 1 

62 Ulmaceae 5 

63 Cannabaceae 1 

64 Moraceae 32 

65 Urticaceae 35 

66 Casuarinaceae 3 

67 Balanopaceae 1 

68 Phytolaccaceae 1 

69 Nyctaginaceae 7 

70 Aizoaceae 1 

71 Cactaceae 2 

72 Molluginaceae 1 

73 Caryophyllaceae 1 

74 Portulacaceae 7 

75 Basellaceae 1 

76 Amaranthaceae 13 

77 Chenopodiaceae 1 

78 Polygonaceae 4 

79 Plumbaginaceae 3 

80 Dilleniaceae 2 

81 Ochnaceae 1 

82 Theaceae 3 

83 Saurauiaceae 1 

84 Clusiaceae 18 

85 Elatinaceae 1 

86 Elaeocarpaceae 22 

87 Tiliaceae 12 

88 Sterculiaceae 22 

89 Bombacaceae 2 

90 Malvaceae 26 

91 Euphorbiaceae 110 

92 Gonystylaceae 1 

93 Thymelaeaceae 10 

94 Lecythidaceae 1 

95 Barringtoniaceae 4 

96 Rhizophoraceae 9 

97 Flacourtiaceae 27 

98 Violaceae 4 

99 Turneraceae 1 

100 Passifloraceae 8 

101 Bixaceae 1

9 

102 Cochlospermaceae 1 

103 Cariacaceae 1 

104 Cucurbitaceae 14 

105 Begoniaceae 6 

106 Capparaceae 3 

107 Cleomaceae 3 

108 Brassicaceae 11 

109 Moringaceae 1 

110 Salicaceae 1 

111 Ericaceae 2 

112 Epacridaceae 1 

113 Symplocaceae 2 

114 Ebenaceae 14 

115 Sapotaceae 27 

116 Myrsinaceae 29 

117 Cunoniaceae 18 

118 Davidsoniaceae 1 

119 Pittosporaceae 6 

120 Crassulaceae 1 

121 Rosaceae 4 

122 Chrysobalanaceae 4 

123 Mimosaceae 28 

124 Caesalpiniaceae 56 

125 Fabaceae 123 

126 Connaraceae 2 

127 Lythraceae 9 

128 Myrtaceae 74 

129 Punicaceae 1 

130 Onagraceae 4 

131 Melastomataceae 32 

132 Combretaceae 17 

133 Anacardiaceae 13 

134 Burseraceae 9 

135 Simaroubaceae 1 

136 Surianaceae 1 

137 Rutaceae 37 

138 Meliaceae 38 

139 Zygophyllaceae 1 

140 Sapindaceae 22 

141 Coriariaceae 1 

142 Oxalidaceae 6 

143 Balsaminaceae 2 

144 Araliaceae 22 

145 Apiaceae 8

10 

146 Linaceae 1 

147 Celastraceae 3 

148 Hippocrateaceae 2 

149 Aquifoliaceae 1 

150 Icacinaceae 2 

151 Dichapetalaceae 1 

152 Rhamnaceae 11 

153 Vitaceae 3 

154 Leeaceae 1 

155 Malpighiaceae 4 

156 Polygalaceae 1 

157 Alangiaceae 1 

158 Olacaceae 2 

159 Santalaceae 2 

160 Loranthaceae 1 

161 Viscaceae 2 

162 Balanophoraceae 1 

163 Proteaceae 4 

164 Loganiaceae 17 

165 Apocynaceae 39 

166 Asclepiadaceae 13 

167 Oleaceae 10 

168 Rubiaceae 191 

169 Caprifoliaceae 1 

170 Solanaceae 29 

171 Convolvulaceae 28 

172 Cuscutaceae 1 

173 Menyanthaceae 1 

174 Buddlejaceae 2 

175 Scrophulariaceae 14 

176 Gesneriaceae 41 

177 Acanthaceae 25 

178 Pedaliaceae 1 

179 Bignoniaceae 10 

180 Plantaginaceae 1 

181 Boraginaceae 10 

182 Verbenaceae 31 

183 Lamiaceae 18 

184 Campanulaceae 2 

185 Goodeniaceae 2 

186 Asteraceae 62 

32; 187 Orchidaceae 169 

188 Phormiaceae 2 

Total Species of Angiosperms 2317

CHECKLIST TO THE FERNS OF FIJI 


1 Psilotaceae Psilotum nudum (L.) Palisot de Beauvois Indigenous 

2 Psilotaceae Psilotum complanatum Swartz Indigenous 

3 Psilotaceae Tmesipteris truncata (R.Br.) Desvaux Endemic 

4 Equisetaceae Equisetum ramossisimum Desfontaines Indigenous 

5 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium serratum Thunberg Indigenous 

6 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium melanesicum Brownlie Endemic 

7 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium parksii Copeland Endemic 

8 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium carinatum Desvaux Indigenous 

9 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium squarrosum Forster Indigenous 

10 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium magnificum Brownlie Endemic 

11 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium trifoliatum Copeland Endemic 

12 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium subtrifoliatum Brownlie Endemic 

13 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium foliosum Copeland Endemic 

14 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium phyllanthum Hooker et Arnott Indigenous 

15 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium phlegmaria L. Indigenous 

16 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium nummularifolium Blume Indigenous 

17 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium clavatum L. Indigenous 

18 Lycopodiaceae Lycopodium cernuum L. Indigenous 

19 Selaginellaceae Selaginella viridangula Spring Endemic 

20 Selaginellaceae Selaginella breynoides Baker Endemic 

21 Selaginellaceae Selaginella distans Warburg Endemic 

22 Selaginellaceae Selaginella firmula A. Braun ex Kuhn Indigenous 

23 Selaginellaceae Selaginella laxa Spring Indigenous 

24 Selaginellaceae Selaginella victoriae Moore Indigenous 

25 Selaginellaceae Selaginella rechingeri Hieronymus ex Rechinger Indigenous 

26 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum reticulatum L. Indigenous 

12

27 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum petiolatum Hooker Indigenous 

28 Ophioglossaceae Ophioglossum pendulum L. Indigenous 

29 Ophioglossaceae Botrychium daucifolium Wallich Indigenous 

30 Ophioglossaceae Angiopteris evecta (Forster) Hoffman Indigenous 

31 Ophioglossaceae Angiopteris opaca Copeland Endemic 

32 Ophioglossaceae Marattia smithii Mettenius ex Kuhn Indigenous 

33 Osmundaceae Leptopteris wilkesiana (Brackenridge) Christ Indigenous 

34 Schizaeaceae Schizaea dichotoma (L.) Smith Indigenous 

35 Schizaeaceae Schizaea fistulosa de Labillardiere Indigenous 

36 Schizaeaceae Schizaea melanesica Selling Indigenous 

37 Schizaeaceae Lygodium reticulatum Schkuhr Indigenous 

38 Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia longissima Blume Indigenous 

39 Gleicheniaceae Gleichenia oceanica Kuhn Indigenous 

40 Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris linearis (Burmann) Underwood Indigenous 

41 Gleicheniaceae Dicranopteris caudata (Copeland) St.John Endemic 

42 Cyatheaceae Culcita straminea (Labillardiere) Maxon Indigenous 

43 Cyatheaceae Dicksonia brackenridgei Mettenius Indigenous 

44 Cyatheaceae Cyathea decurrens (Hooker) Copeland Indigenous 

45 Cyatheaceae Cyathea alta Copeland Indigenous 

46 Cyatheaceae Cyathea plagiostegia Copeland Endemic 

47 Cyatheaceae Cyathea affinis (Forster) Swartz Indigenous 

48 Cyatheaceae Cyathea hornei (Baker) Copeland Indigenous 

49 Cyatheaceae Cyathea medullaris (Forster) Swartz Indigenous 

50 Cyatheaceae Cyathea lunulata ((Forster) Copeland Indigenous 

51 Cyatheaceae Cyathea truncata (Brackenridge) Copeland Indigenous 

52 Cyatheaceae Cyathea propinqua Mettenius Endemic 

53 Cyatheaceae Cyathea subsessilis Copeland Indigenous 

54 Cyatheaceae Cyathea microlepidota Copeland Endemic 

55 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum imbricatum Blume Indigenous 

13

56 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum polyanthos Swartz Indigenous 

57 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum javanicum Sprengel Indigenous 

58 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum flabellatum Labillardiere Indigenous 

59 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum denticulatum Swartz Indigenous 

60 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum samoense Baker Indigenous 

61 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum affine Brackenridge Endemic 

62 Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum feejeense Brackenridge Indigenous 

63 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes bipunctatum Poiret Indigenous 

64 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes tahitense Nadeau Indigenous 

65 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes cultratum Baker Indigenous 

66 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes bimarginatum van den Bosch Indigenous 

67 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes endlicherianum Presl Indigenous 

68 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes humile Forster Indigenous 

69 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes vitiense Baker Indigenous 

70 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes saxifragoides Presl. Indigenous 

71 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes tomaniiviense Brownlie Endemic 

72 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes aphlebioides Christ Indigenous 

73 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes asae-grayi van den Bosch Indigenous 

74 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes maximum Blume Indigenous 

75 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes caudatum Brackenridge Indigenous 

76 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes apiifolim Presl Indigenous 

77 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes boryanum Kunze. Indigenous 

78 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes intermedium van de Bosch Indigenous 

79 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes caespifrons C.Christensen Endemic 

80 Hymenophyllaceae Trichomanes dentatum van den Bosch Indigenous 

81 Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia flaccida (Forster) Bernhardi Indigenous 

82 Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia indermis (Baker) Brownlie Endemic 

83 Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia glabrata (Cesati) C. Christensen Indigenous 

84 Dennstaedtiaceae Orthiopteris ferulacea (Moore) Copeland Endemic 

14

85 Dennstaedtiaceae Orthiopteris tenuis (Brackenridge) Brownlie Possibly endemic 

86 Dennstaedtiaceae Microlepia strigosa (Thunberg) Presl Indigenous 

87 Dennstaedtiaceae Microlepia speluncae (L.) Moore Indigenous 

88 Dennstaedtiaceae Microlepia vitiensis Brownlie Endemic 

89 Hypolepidaceae Histiopteris incisa (Thunberg) J.Smith Indigenous 

90 Hypolepidaceae Histiopteris sinuata (Brackenridge) J.Smith Endemic 

91 Hypolepidaceae Pteridium esculentum (Forster) Cockayne Indigenous 

92 Hypolepidaceae Hypolepis elegans Carruthers Endemic 

93 Hypolepidaceae Hypolepis nausoriensis Brownlie Endemic 

94 Lindsaeaceae Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon Indigenous 

95 Lindsaeaceae Tapeinidium melanesicum Kramer Indigenous 

96 Lindsaeaceae Tapeinidium denhamii (Hooker) C.Christensen Indigenous 

97 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea moorei (Hooker) Fournier Indigenous 

98 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea ensifolia Swartz Indigenous 

99 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea gueriniana (Gaud.) Desvaux Indigenous 

100 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea lapeyrousii (Hooker) Baker Indigenous 

101 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea tetragona Kramer Indigenous 

102 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea pacifica Kramer Indigenous 

103 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea propinqua Hooker Indigenous 

104 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea obtusa J. Smith Indigenous 

105 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea harveyi Carruthers ex Seemann Indigenous 

106 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea rigida J. Smith Indigenous 

107 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea pickeringii (Brackenridge) Mettenius ex Kuhn Indigenous 

108 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea pulchra (Brackenridge) Carruthers ex Seemann Indigenous 

109 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea pulchra (Brackenridge) Carruthers ex Seemann var. protracta (Copeland) Brownlie Endemic 

110 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea repens (Bory) Thwaites Indigenous 

111 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea repens (Bory) Thwaites var. sessilis (Copeland) Kramer Indigenous 

112 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea repens (Bory) Thwaites var. marquesensis (Copeland) Kramer Indigenous 

113 Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea vitiensis Kramer Endemic 

15

114 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis tuberosa (Bory ex Willdenow) Presl Indigenous 

115 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis saligna Carruthers Possibly endemic 

116 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis hirsutula (Forster) Presl Indigenous 

117 Davalliaceae Nephrolepis biserrata (Swartz) Schott Indigenous 

118 Davalliaceae Arthropteris repens (Brackenridge) C.Christensen Indigenous 

119 Davalliaceae Arthropteris articulata (Brackenridge) C.Christensen Indigenous 

120 Davalliaceae Oleandra neriiformis Cavanilles Indigenous 

121 Davalliaceae Oleandra sibbaldii Greville Indigenous 

122 Davalliaceae Humata heterophylla (Smithii) Desvaux Indigenous 

123 Davalliaceae Humata polypodioides Brackenridge Indigenous 

124 Davalliaceae Humata botrychioides Brackenridge Endemic 

125 Davalliaceae Leucostegia pallida (Mettenius) Copeland Indigenous 

126 Davalliaceae Davallia solida (Forster) Swartz Indigenous 

127 Davalliaceae Davallia fejeensis Hooker Endemic 

128 Davalliaceae Davallia epiphylla (Forster) Sprengel Indigenous 

129 Davalliaceae Scyphularia pycnocarpa (Brackenridge) Copeland Endemic 

130 Vittariaceae Vaginularia angustissima (Brackenridge) Mettenius Indigenous 

131 Vittariaceae Antrophyum plantagineum (Cavanilles) Kaulfuss Indigenous 

132 Vittariaceae Antrophyum semicostatum Blume Indigenous 

133 Vittariaceae Antrophyum subfalcatum Brackenridge Endemic 

134 Vittariaceae Antrophyum smithii C. Christensen Endemic 

135 Vittariaceae Vittaria scolopendrina (Bory) Thwaites Indigenous 

136 Vittariaceae Vittaria elongata Swartz Indigenous 

137 Vittariaceae Acrostichum aureum L. Indigenous 

138 Vittariaceae Stenochlaena palustris (Burmann) Beddome Indigenous 

139 Vittariaceae Coniogramme fraxinea (Don) Diels Indigenous 

140 Vittariaceae Taenitis pinnata (J.Smith) Holttum var. Pinnata Indigenous 

141 Vittariaceae Taenitis pinnata (J.Smith) Holttum var. brachysora (Baker) Holttum Endemic 

142 Vittariaceae Taenitis pinnata (J.Smith) Holttum var. polypodioides (Baker) Holttum Endemic 

16

143 Vittariaceae Taenitis hookeri (C.Christensen) Holttum Indigenous 

144 Vittariaceae Syngramma borneensis (Hooker) J. Smith Indigenous 

145 Vittariaceae Syngramma spathulata (C.Christensen) Holttum Endemic 

146 Vittariaceae Doryopteris concolor (Langsdorff et Fischer) Kuhn Indigenous 

147 Vittariaceae Adiantum philippense L. Indigenous 

148 Vittariaceae Adiantum hispidulum Swartz Indigenous 

149 Vittariaceae Adiantum hornei Baker Endemic 

150 Vittariaceae Adiantum diaphanum Blume Indigenous 

151 Vittariaceae Pteris ensiformis Burmann Indigenous 

152 Vittariaceae Pteris vitiensis Baker Possibly endemic 

153 Vittariaceae Pteris vitiata L. Indigenous 

154 Vittariaceae Pteris mertensioides Willdenow Indigenous 

155 Vittariaceae Pteris pacifica Hieronymus Indigenous 

156 Vittariaceae Pteris tremula R. Brown Indigenous 

157 Vittariaceae Pteris excelsa Gaud. Indigenous 

158 Vittariaceae Pteris tripartia Swartz Indigenous 

159 Vittariaceae Pteris parhamii Brownlie Endemic 

160 Vittariaceae Pteris litoralis Rechinger Indigenous 

161 Vittariaceae Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burmann) Swartz Indigenous 

162 Vittariaceae Cheilanthes hirsuta (Poiret) Mettenius Indigenous 

163 Vittariaceae Cheilanthes farinosa (Forskal) Kaulfuss Indigenous 

164 Aspleniaceae Asplenium nidus L. Indigenous 

165 Aspleniaceae Asplenium australasicum Hooker Indigenous 

166 Aspleniaceae Asplenium amboinense Willdenow Indigenous 

167 Aspleniaceae Asplenium marattioides (Brackenridge) C. Christensen Indigenous 

168 Aspleniaceae Asplenium carruthersii Baker Endemic 

169 Aspleniaceae Asplenium caudatum Forster Indigenous 

170 Aspleniaceae Asplenium polyodon Forster Indigenous 

171 Aspleniaceae Asplenium unilaterale Lamarck Indigenous 

17

172 Aspleniaceae Asplenium excisum Presl Indigenous 

173 Aspleniaceae Asplenium induratum Hooker Endemic 

174 Aspleniaceae Asplenium tenerum Forster Indigenous 

175 Aspleniaceae Asplenium bipinnatifidum Baker Indigenous 

176 Aspleniaceae Asplenium insiticium Brackenridge Indigenous 

177 Aspleniaceae Asplenium cuneatum Lamarck Indigenous 

178 Aspleniaceae Asplenium laserpitiifolium Lamarck Indigenous 

179 Aspleniaceae Loxoscaphe gibberosum (Forster) Moore Indigenous 

180 Aspleniaceae Loxoscaphe foeniculaceum (Hooker) Moore Endemic 

181 Arthyriaceae Lunathyrium japonicum (Thunberg) Kurata Indigenous 

182 Arthyriaceae Lunathyrium gillespiei (Copeland) Brownlie Endemic 

183 Arthyriaceae Lunathyrium gordonii (Baker) Brownlie Endemic 

184 Arthyriaceae Lunathyrium boryanum (Willdenow) H.Ohba Indigenous 

185 Arthyriaceae Diplazium bulbiferum Brackenridge Indigenous 

186 Arthyriaceae Diplazium dilatatum Blume Indigenous 

187 Arthyriaceae Diplazium echinatum C. Christensen Indigenous 

188 Arthyriaceae Diplazium harpeodes Moore Indigenous 

189 Arthyriaceae Diplazium melanocaulon Brackenridge Indigenous 

190 Arthyriaceae Diplazium proliferum (Lamarck) Thouars Indigenous 

191 Arthyriaceae Diplazium esculentum (Retzius) Swartz Indigenous 

192 Arthyriaceae Diplaziopsis javanica (Blume) C.Christensen Indigenous 

193 Thelypteridaceae Macrothelypteris torresiana (Gaud.) Ching Indigenous 

194 Thelypteridaceae Macrothelypteris polypodioides (Hooker) Holttum Indigenous 

195 Thelypteridaceae Coryphopteris seemannii Holttum Endemic 

196 Thelypteridaceae Coryphopteris vitiensis Holttum Possible endemic 

197 Thelypteridaceae Plesioneuron archboldiae (Copeland) Holttum Endemic 

198 Thelypteridaceae Plesioneuron prenticei (Carruthers) Holttum Endemic 

199 Thelypteridaceae Plesioneuron hopeanum (Baker) Holttum Possible endemic 

200 Thelypteridaceae Pronephrium beccarianum (Cesati) Holttum Indigenous 

18

201 Thelypteridaceae Pronephrium triphyllum (Swartz) Holttum Indigenous 

202 Thelypteridaceae Pronephrium rubrinerve (Mettenius) Holttum Indigenous 

203 Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus tottus (Thunberg) Pichi-Sermolli Possible endemic 

204 Thelypteridaceae Pneumatopteris magnifica (Copeland) Holttum Endemic 

205 Thelypteridaceae Pneumatopteris parksii (Ballard) Holttum Endemic 

206 Thelypteridaceae Pneumatopteris costata (Brackenridge) Holttum Indigenous 

207 Thelypteridaceae Sphaerostephanos invisus (Forster) Holttum Indigenous 

208 Thelypteridaceae Sphaerostephanos unitus (L.) Holttum Indigenous 

209 Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus suprastrigosus (Rosenstock) Copeland Indigenous 

210 Thelypteridaceae Cyclosorus decadens (Baker) Ching Endemic 

211 Thelypteridaceae Christella harveyi (Mettenius) Holttum Indigenous 

212 Thelypteridaceae Christella parasitica (L.) Leveille Indigenous 

213 Thelypteridaceae Christella dentata (Forskal) Brownsey et Jeremy Indigenous 

214 Thelypteridaceae Christella subpubescens (Blume) Holttum Indigenous 

215 Thelypteridaceae Christella arida (Don) Holttum Indigenous 

216 Thelypteridaceae Christella pacifica Holttum Indigenous 

217 Aspidiaceae Didymochlaena truncatula (Swartz) J.Smith Indigenous 

218 Aspidiaceae Acrophorus blumei Ching ex C.Christensen Indigenous 

219 Aspidiaceae Arachniodes aristata (Forst.) Tindale Indigenous 

220 Aspidiaceae Arachniodes maxima (Baker) Brownlie Endemic 

221 Aspidiaceae Arachniodes hasseltii (Blume) Ching Indigenous 

222 Aspidiaceae Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth Indigenous 

223 Aspidiaceae Polystichum pilosum Copeland Endemic 

224 Aspidiaceae Dryopteris hirtipes (Blume) O.Kuntze Indigenous 

225 Aspidiaceae Dryopteris subarborea (Baker) C. Christensen Indigenous 

226 Aspidiaceae Tectaria hookerii Brownlie Endemic 

227 Aspidiaceae Tectaria dissecta (Forster) Lellinger Indigenous 

228 Aspidiaceae Tectaria godeffroyi (Luerssen) Copeland Endemic 

229 Aspidiaceae Tectaria menyanthidis (Presl) Copeland Indigenous 

19

230 Aspidiaceae Tectaria decurrens (Presl) Copeland Indigenous 

231 Aspidiaceae Tectaria latifolia (Forster) Copeland Indigenous 

232 Aspidiaceae Tectaria degeneri Copeland Endemic 

233 Aspidiaceae Tectaria vitiensis Brownlie Indigenous 

234 Aspidiaceae Tectaria tripartita (Baker) Copeland Endemic 

235 Aspidiaceae Tectaria crenata Cananilles Indigenous 

236 Aspidiaceae Tectaria nausoriensis Brownlie Endemic 

237 Aspidiaceae Ctenitis minima Brownlie Endemic 

238 Aspidiaceae Ctenitis waiwaiensis (C.Christensen) Brownlie Endemic 

239 Aspidiaceae Ctenitis fijiensis (Hooker) Copeland Endemic 

240 Aspidiaceae Lastreopsis davallioides (Brackenridge) Tindale Indigenous 

241 Aspidiaceae Lastreopsis tenera (R.Brown) Tindale Indigenous 

242 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia irregularis (Presl) Holttum Indigenous 

243 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia elegans (Copeland) Holttum Endemic 

244 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia cumingiana Presl Indigenous 

245 Aspidiaceae Pleocnemia leuzeana (Gaud.) Presl Indigenous 

246 Aspidiaceae Blechnum orientale L. Indigenous 

247 Aspidiaceae Blechnum vittatum Brackenridge Endemic 

248 Aspidiaceae Blechnum coriaceum (Brackenridge) Brownlie Endemic 

249 Aspidiaceae Blechnum difforme Copeland Endemic 

250 Aspidiaceae Blechnum gibbum (de Labillardiere) Mettenius Indigenous 

251 Aspidiaceae Blechnum doodioides (Brackenridge) Brownlie Indigenous 

252 Aspidiaceae Blechnum pilosum (Brackenridge) Brownlie Endemic 

253 Aspidiaceae Blechnum milnei (Carruthers) C. Christensen Endemic 

254 Aspidiaceae Doodia brackenridge Carruthers ex Seemann Endemic 

255 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum basitruncatum Brownlie Endemic 

256 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum dominii Krajina Endemic 

257 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum ovalauense Krajina Endemic 

258 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum gillespiei Copeland Endemic 

20

259 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum milnei Krajina Endemic 

260 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum feejeense Brackenridge Indigenous 

261 Lomariopsidaceae Elaphoglossum imthurnii Krajina Endemic 

262 Lomariopsidaceae Bolbitis vanuaensis Brownlie Endemic 

263 Lomariopsidaceae Bolbitis palustris (Brackenridge) Hennipman Indigenous 

264 Lomariopsidaceae Bolbitis rivularis (Brackenridge) Ching Endemic 

265 Lomariopsidaceae Lomariopsis oleandrifolia (Brackenridge) Mettenius Indigenous 

266 Lomariopsidaceae Lomariopsis brackenridge Carruthers Indigenous 

267 Lomariopsidaceae Lomagramma cordipinna Holttum Indigenous 

268 Lomariopsidaceae Lomagramma polyphylla Brackenridge Indigenous 

269 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis vaupelii (Brause) Copeland Indigenous 

270 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis stipitata Brownlie Endemic 

271 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis vitiensis Brownlie Endemic 

272 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis glabrata Brownlie Endemic 

273 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis hookeri (Brackenridge) Copeland Indigenous 

274 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis hirtelloides (Copeland) Copeland Endemic 

275 Lomariopsidaceae Grammitis conformis (Brackenridge) J.Smith Indigenous 

276 Lomariopsidaceae Calymmodon latealatus Copeland Indigenous 

277 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris immersa Brownlie Endemic 

278 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris contigua (Forster) Holttum Indigenous 

279 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris vomaensis Brownlie Endemic 

280 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris blechnoides (Greville) Wagner et Grether Indigenous 

281 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris vodonaivalui Brownlie Endemic 

282 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris crassifrons (Baker) Brownlie Indigenous 

283 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris seemannii (J.Smith) Copeland Indigenous 

284 Lomariopsidaceae Ctenopteris hornei (Baker) Brownlie Endemic 

285 Polypodiaceae Dipteris conjugata Reinwardt Indigenous 

286 Polypodiaceae Drynaria rigidula (Swartz) Beddome Indigenous 

287 Polypodiaceae Merinthosorus drynarioides (Hooker) Copeland Indigenous 

21

288 Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia blepharolepis (Christensen) Ching Indigenous 

289 Polypodiaceae Pyrrosia adnascens (Swartz) Ching Indigenous 

290 Polypodiaceae Belvisia mucronata (Fee) Copeland Indigenous 

291 Polypodiaceae Belvisia melanesica Brownlie Indigenous 

292 Polypodiaceae Selliguea feeoides Copeland Indigenous 

293 Polypodiaceae Loxogramme parksii Copeland Indigenous 

294 Polypodiaceae Dictymia mckeei Tindale Indigenous 

295 Polypodiaceae Lemmaphyllum accedens (Blume) Donk Indigenous 

296 Polypodiaceae Microsorium punctatum (L.) Copeland Indigenous 

297 Polypodiaceae Microsorium linguaefrome (Mettenius) Copeland Indigenous 

298 Polypodiaceae Microsorium alatum (Brackenridge) Copeland Endemic 

299 Polypodiaceae Microsorium vitiense (Baker) Copeland Endemic 

300 Polypodiaceae Polypodium subauriculatum Blume Indigenous 

301 Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus nigrescens (Blume) Pichi Sermolli Indigenous 

302 Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus parksii (Copeland) Brownlie Endemic 

303 Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burmann) Pichi Sermolli Indigenous 

304 Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus grossus (Langsdorff et Fischer) Brownlie Indigenous 

22

CHECKLIST TO THE SEED PLANTS OF FIJI 


1. Cycadaceae Cycas rumphii f. seemannii (A.Braun) Kanehira Indigenous 

2. Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nausoriense de Laubenfels Endemic 

3. Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nidulum de Laubenfels Indigenous 

4. Podocarpaceae Dacrydium imbricatus var.patulus de Laubenfels Indigenous 

5. Podocarpaceae Acmopyle sahniana Buchh.& N.E.Gray 

Retrophyllum vitiense (Seem.) C.N. Page. 

Endemic 

6. Podocarpaceae Syn. Decussocarpus vitiensis (Seem.) de Laubenfels. Indigenous 

7. Podocarpaceae Podocarpus affinis Seem. 


Endemic 

8. Podocarpaceae Syn. Podocarpus neriifolius D.Don var. neriifolius Indigenous 

9. Podocarpaceae Podocarpus neriifolius var. degeneri N.E.Gray 


Endemic 

10. Podocarpaceae Syn. Podocarpus decipiens N.E.Gray Indigenous 

11. Araucariaceae Araucaria bidwillii Hook. Exotic 

12. Araucariaceae Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco Exotic 

13. Araucariaceae Araucaria cunninghamii Ait. ex D.Don Exotic 

14. Araucariaceae Agathis robusta (C.Moore ex F.v. Muell.) F.M.Bailey 

Agathis macrophylla (Lindl.) Mast. 

Exotic 

15. Araucariaceae Syn. Agathis vitiensis (Seem.) Benth. & Hook .f.ex Drake Indigenous 

16. Pinaceae Pinus caribaea Morelet Exotic 

17. Pinaceae Pinus elliottii Engelm. Exotic 

18. Cupressaceae Cupressus benthami Endl. Exotic 

19. Cupressaceae Callitris glauca R.Br. ex R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm. Exotic 

20. Gnetaceae Gnetum gnemon L. Indigenous 

21. Limnocharitaceae Hydrocleys nymphoides (Humb. & Bonpl.ex Willd.) Buchenau Exotic 

22. Alismataceae Sagittaria sagittifolia subsp. leucopetala (Miq.) den Hartog Exotic 

23. Hydrocharitaceae Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle Exotic 

24. Hydrocharitaceae Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook .f. Indigenous 

23

25. Hydrocharitaceae Halophila minor (Zoll.) den Hartog Indigenous 

26. Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus L. Exotic 

27. Ruppiaceae Ruppia maritima var. pacifica St.John & Fosberg Indigenous 

28. Cymodoceaceae Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Aschers. Indigenous 

29. Cymodoceaceae Halodule pinifolia (Miki) den Hartog Indigenous 

30. Cymodoceaceae Syringodium isoetifolium (Aschers.) Dandy Indigenous 

31. Triuridaceae Andruris vitiensis (A.C.Smith) Giesen Endemic 

32. Liliaceae Gloriosa superba L. Exotic 

33. Liliaceae Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus L. Exotic 

34. Liliaceae Collospermum montanum (Seem.) Skottsb. Endemic 

35. Liliaceae Dianella intermedia Endl. Indigenous 

36. Alliaceae Allium cepa L. Exotic 

37. Alliaceae Allium ascalonicum L. Exotic 

38. Agavaceae Cordyline terminalis (L.)Kunth Abo. intro. 

39. Agavaceae Pleomele fragrans (L.) Salib. Exotic 

40. Agavaceae Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain Exotic 

41. Agavaceae Sansevieria trifasciata var. trifasciata Exotic 

42. Agavaceae Sansevieria trifasciata var. laurentii (De Willdem.) N.E.Br. Exotic 

43. Agavaceae Agave americana L. Exotic 

44. Agavaceae Agave sisalana Perrine Exotic 

45. Agavaceae Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw. Exotic 

46. Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum L. Exotic 

47. Amaryllidaceae Hymenocallis littoralis (Jacq.) Salib. Exotic 

48. Amaryllidaceae Eucharis grandiflora Planch. & Linden Exotic 

49. Amaryllidaceae Eurycles amboinensis (L.) Lindl. Exotic 

50. Amaryllidaceae Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Urb. Exotic 

51. Philesiaceae Geitonoplesium cymosum (R.Br.) A.Cunn. ex Hook. Indigenous 

52. Asparagaceae Asparagus plumosus Baker Exotic 

53. Smilacaceae Smilax vitiensis (Seem.) A.DC. Indigenous 

24

54. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill Abo. intro. 

55. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera L. Abo. intro. 

56. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea pentaphylla L. Abo. intro. 

57. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea alata L. Abo. intro. 

58. Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea nummularia Lam. Abo. intro. 

59. Taccaceae Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze Possibly indigenous 

60. Taccaceae Tacca maculata Seem. Indigenous 

61. Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.f.) Presl Exotic 

62. Pontederiaceae Monochoria hastate (L.) Solms Exotic 

63. Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Exotic 

64. Iridaceae Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav. Exotic 

65. Iridaceae Tritonia x crocosmiiflora (Lem. ex Andre) Nicholson Exotic 

66. Iridaceae Gladiolus x hybridus Hort. ex E.Rodigas Exotic 

67. Strelitziaceae Ravenala madagascariensis Sonnerat Exotic 

68. Strelitziaceae Strelitzia reginae Ait. Exotic 

69. Musaceae Ensete glaucum (Roxb.) E.E.Cheesman Exotic 

70. Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca L. Abo. intro 

71. Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca L.subsp.paradisiaca Abo intro 

72. Musaceae Musa x paradisiaca subsp. sapientum (L.) K.Schum Abo. intro 

73. Musaceae Musa paradisiaca subsp.normalis (Kuntze) K.Schum Exotic 

74. Musaceae Musa nana Lour. Exotic 

75. Musaceae Musa textilis Nee Exotic 

76. Musaceae Musa troglodytarum L. Exotic 

77. Heliconiaceae Heliconia psittacorum L.f. Exotic 

78. Heliconiaceae Heliconia humilis (Aubl.) Jacq. Exotic 

79. Heliconiaceae Heliconia paka A.C.Smith Indigenous 

80. Heliconiaceae Heliconia illustris Hort.ex Bull Exotic 

81. Heliconiaceae Heliconia rostrata Ruiz & Pavon Exotic 

82. Costaceae Costus speciosus (Konig) Sm. Exotic 

25

83. Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale Roscoe Exotic 

84. Zingiberaceae Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Sm. Abo. intro. 

85. Zingiberaceae Curcuma longa L. Exotic 

86. Zingiberaceae Hedychium coronarium Konig Exotic 

87. Zingiberaceae Hedychium gardnerianum Lindl. Exotic 

88. Zingiberaceae Nicolaia elatior (Jack) Horan. Exotic 

89. Zingiberaceae Geanthus cevuga (Seem.) Loesener Indigenous 

90. Zingiberaceae Ellettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton Exotic 

91. Zingiberaceae Alpinia boia Seem. Endemic 

92. Zingiberaceae Alpinia horneana K.Schum Endemic 

93. Zingiberaceae Alpinia parksii (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

94. Zingiberaceae Alpinia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

95. Zingiberaceae Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. Exotic 

96. Zingiberaceae Alpinia vittata Bull Exotic 

97. Zingiberaceae Alpinia macrocephala K.Schum. Endemic 

98. Zingiberaceae Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & R.M.Sm. Exotic 

99. Zingiberaceae Alpinia mutica Roxb. Exotic 

100. Cannaceae Canna indica L. Exotic 

101. Marantaceae Calathea lindeniana Wallis Exotic 

102. Marantaceae Maranta arundinacea L. Exotic 

103. Marantaceae Stromanthe sanguinea Sonder Exotic 

Orchidaceae 

104. Cyperaceae Scirpodendron ghaeri (Gaertn.) Merr. Indigenous 

105. Cyperaceae Mapania vitiensis (Uttien) T.Koyama Endemic 

106. Cyperaceae Mapania parvibractea (C.B.Clarke) T.Koyama Indigenous 

107. Cyperaceae Hypolytrum nemorum subsp. vitiense (C.B.Clarke) T.Koyama Indigenous 

108. Cyperaceae Lepironia articulata (Retz.) Domin Exotic 

109. Cyperaceae Scleria polycarpa Boeck. Indigenous 

110. Cyperaceae Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. Indigenous 

26

111. Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus juncoides (Roxb.) Palla Exotic 

112. Cyperaceae Eleocharis ochrostachys Steudel Indigenous 

113. Cyperaceae Eleocharis dulcis (Burm.f.) Trin. ex Henschel Indigenous 

114. Cyperaceae Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

115. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link Exotic 

116. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl Indigenous 

117. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis cymosa R.Br. Indigenous 

118. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl Exotic 

119. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis squarrosa Vahl Indigenous 

120. Cyperaceae Fimbristylis ovata (Burm.f.) Kern Indigenous 

121. Cyperaceae Cyperus papyrus L. Exotic 

122. Cyperaceae Cyperus distans L.f. Exotic 

123. Cyperaceae Cyperus pilosus Vahl Exotic 

124. Cyperaceae Cyperus rotundus L. Exotic 

125. Cyperaceae Cyperus compressus L. Exotic 

126. Cyperaceae Cyperus iria L. Exotic 

127. Cyperaceae Cyperus alternifolius subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.)Kukenth. Exotic 

128. Cyperaceae Cyperus difformis L. Exotic 

129. Cyperaceae Cyperus haspan L. Exotic 

130. Cyperaceae Mauriscus javanicus (Houtt.) Merr. & Metcalfe Indigenous 

131. Cyperaceae Mariscus seemannianus (Boeck.) Palla Indigenous 

132. Cyperaceae Mariscus sumatrensis (Retz.) T.Koyama Exotic 

133. Cyperaceae Mariscus cyperinus (Retz.) Vahl Exotic 

134. Cyperaceae Torulinium odoratum (L.) S.Hooper Indigenous 

135. Cyperaceae Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) Beauv. Exotic 

136. Cyperaceae Kyllinga melanosperma Nees Exotic 

137. Cyperaceae Kyllinga polyphylla Willd. ex Kunth Exotic 

138. Cyperaceae Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. Indigenous 

139. Cyperaceae Kyllinga nemoralis (J.R.&G.Forst.) Dandy ex Hutchinson & Dalziel Exotic 

27

140. Cyperaceae Machaerina falcata (Nees.) T.Koyama Indigenous 

141. Cyperaceae Schoenus achaetus (T.Koyama) T.Koyama Indigenous 

142. Cyperaceae Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton Indigenous 

143. Cyperaceae Gahnia vitiensis Rendle Endemic 

144. Cyperaceae Gahnia aspera (R.Br.) Spreng Indigenous 

145. Cyperaceae Carex dietrichiae Boeck. Indigenous 

146. Cyperaceae Carex gibbsiae Rendle Endemic 

147. Cyperaceae Carex graeffeana Boeck. Indigenous 

148. Bromeliaceae Ananas comsus (L.) Merr. Exotic 

149. Bromeliaceae Aechmea fulgens var.discolor (C.Morren) Brongn. ex Baker Exotic 

150. Bromeliaceae Billbergia pyramidalis (Sims) Lindl.var.pyramidalis Exotic 

151. Commelinaceae Aneilema vitiense Seem. Indigenous 

152. Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Burm.f. Exotic 

153. Commelinaceae Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn Exotic 

154. Commelinaceae Zebrina pendula Schnizl. Exotic 

155. Commelinaceae Setcreasea purpurea B.K. Exotic 

156. Commelinaceae Dichorisandra thyrsiflora Mikan Exotic 

157. Flagellariaceae Flagellaria neo-caldonica Schlechter Indigenous 

158. Flagellariaceae Flagellaria gigantea Hook.f. Indigenous 

159. Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica L. Indigenous 

160. Joinvilleaceae Joinvillea plicata (Hook.f.) Newell & Stone Indigenous 

161. Poaceae Schizostachyum glaucifolium (Rupr.)Munro Indigenous 

162. Poaceae Bambusa vulgaris Schrader ex Wendl. Exotic 

163. Poaceae Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeuschel ex J.A.&J.H.Schultes Exotic 

164. Poaceae Centosteca lappacea (L.) Desv. Indigenous 

165. Poaceae Dactylis glomerata L. Exotic 

166. Poaceae Triticum aestivum L. Exotic 

167. Poaceae Hordeum vulgare L. Exotic 

168. Poaceae Arundo donax L. Exotic 

28

169. Poaceae Arundo donax L. var.donax Exotic 

170. Poaceae Arundo donax L. var.versicolor (Mill.) Stokes Exotic 

171. Poaceae Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. Exotic 

172. Poaceae Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steudel Exotic 

173. Poaceae Eragrostis scabriflora Swallen Endemic 

174. Poaceae Eragrostis tenella (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

175. Poaceae Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Exotic 

176. Poaceae Eleusine coracana (L.) Geartn. Exotic 

177. Poaceae Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Possibly exotic 

178. Poaceae Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth Indigenous 

179. Poaceae Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth Indigenous 

180. Poaceae Sporobolus indicus (L.) R.Br. Indigenous 

181. Poaceae Sporobolus diander (Retz.) Beauv. Indigenous 

182. Poaceae Sporobolus elongatus R.Br. Exotic 

183. Poaceae Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Exotic 

184. Poaceae Chloris gayana Kunth Exotic 

185. Poaceae Chloris inflata Link Exotic 

186. Poaceae Chloris truncata R.Br. Possibly exotic 

187. Poaceae Chloris divaricata R.Br. var. cynodontoides (Balansa) Lazarides Exotic 

188. Poaceae Lepturus repens (Forst.f.) R.Br. Exotic 

189. Poaceae Lepturus acutiglumis Steudel Exotic 

190. Poaceae Avena sativa L. Indigenous 

191. Poaceae Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link Exotic 

192. Poaceae Garnotia divergens Swallen Endemic 

193. Poaceae Garnotia gracilis Swallen Endemic 

194. Poaceae Garnotia linearis Swallen Endemic 

195. Poaceae Garnotia foliosa Swallen Possibly exotic 

196. Poaceae Garnotia villosa Swallen Endemic 

197. Poaceae Aristida ramosa R.Br. Indigenous 

29

198. Poaceae Zoysia japonica Steudel Exotic 

199. Poaceae Microlaena avenacea (Raoul) Hook.f. Possibly exotic 

200. Poaceae Oryza sativa L. Exotic 

201. Poaceae Leptaspis angustifolia Summerhayes & Hubbard Endemic 

202. Poaceae Digitaria didactyla Willd. Indigenous 

203. Poaceae Digitaria fuscescens (Presl) Henrard Possibly exotic 

204. Poaceae Digitaria caledonica Henrard Exotic 

205. Poaceae Digitaria violascens Link Indigenous 

206. Poaceae Digitaria radicosa (Presl) Miq Indigenous 

207. Poaceae Digitaria milanjiana (Rendle) Stapf Exotic 

208. Poaceae Digitaria decumbens Stent Exotic 

209. Poaceae Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Exotic 

210. Poaceae Digitaria setigera Roth ex Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

211. Poaceae Eriochloa procera (Retz.) Hubbard Indigenous 

212. Poaceae Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Indigenous 

213. Poaceae Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt Exotic 

214. Poaceae Brachiaria paspaloides (Presl) Hubbard Exotic 

215. Poaceae Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. Indigenous 

216. Poaceae Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gardn.& Hubbard Indigenous 

217. Poaceae Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst ex A.Rich.) Stapf Exotic 

218. Poaceae Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchcock Possibly exotic 

219. Poaceae Axonopus compressus (Sw.) Beauv. Exotic 

220. Poaceae Axonopus affinis Chase Exotic 

221. Poaceae Paspalum paniculatum L. Exotic 

222. Poaceae Paspalum plicatulum Michx. Exotic 

223. Poaceae Paspalum distichum L. Indigenous 

224. Poaceae Paspalum conjugatum Bergius Exotic 

225. Poaceae Paspalum notatum Flugge Exotic 

226. Poaceae Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Exotic 

30

227. Poaceae Paspalum orbiculare Forst.f. Indigenous 

228. Poaceae Paspalum urvillei Steudel Exotic 

229. Poaceae Paspalum simplex Morong Exotic 

230. Poaceae Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) Beauv. Exotic 

231. Poaceae Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link Indigenous 

232. Poaceae Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Indigenous 

233. Poaceae Echinochloa crusgalli subsp.hispidula (Retz.) Honda Indigenous 

234. Poaceae Melinis minutiflora Beauv. Exotic 

235. Poaceae Oplismenus compositus (L.) Beauv. Exotic 

236. Poaceae Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv. Indigenous 

237. Poaceae Oplismenus imbecillis (R.Br.) Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

238. Poaceae Panicum maximum Jacq. var. maximum Exotic 

239. Poaceae Panicum maximum Jacq. var.trichoglume Eyles ex Robyns Exotic 

240. Poaceae Panicum antidole Retz. Exotic 

241. Poaceae Panicum coloratum L. Exotic 

242. Poaceae Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. Exotic 

243. Poaceae Setaria palmifolia (Konig) Stapf Exotic 

244. Poaceae Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth Possibly exotic 

245. Poaceae Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.) A.Camus Possibly exotic 

246. Poaceae Cyrtococcum oxyphyllum (Hochst.ex Steudel) Stapf Exotic 

247. Poaceae Stenotaphrum micranthum (Desv.) Hubbard Indigenous 

248. Poaceae Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze Indigenous 

249. Poaceae Thuarea involuta (Forst.f.) R.Br.ex Roemer & Schultes Indigenous 

250. Poaceae Cenchrus calyculatus Cav. Indigenous 

251. Poaceae Cenchrus echinatus L. Indigenous 

252. Poaceae Cenchrus ciliaris L. Indigenous 

253. Poaceae Pennisetum purpureum Schumacher Exotic 

254. Poaceae Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Exotic 

255. Poaceae Pennisetum americanum (L.) K.Schum. Exotic 

31

256. Poaceae Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) J.A.&J.H.Schultes Exotic 

257. Poaceae Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase Exotic 

258. Poaceae Ancistrachne uncinulata (R.Br.) S.T.Blake Possibly exotic 

259. Poaceae Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) Hubbard Exotic 

260. Poaceae Isachne vitiensis Rendle Endemic 

261. Poaceae Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze Exotic 

262. Poaceae Imperata conferta (Presl) Ohwi Indigenous 

263. Poaceae Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. Ex K.Schum.& Lauterb. Indigenous 

264. Poaceae Erianthus maximus Brongn. Indigenous 

265. Poaceae Polytrias amaura (Buese) Kuntze Indigenous 

266. Poaceae Saccharum officinarum L. Indigenous 

267. Poaceae Saccharum edule Hassk. Abo. intro. 

268. Poaceae Microstegium glabratum (Brongn.)A.Camus Indigenous 

269. Poaceae Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Exotic 

270. Poaceae Ischaemum timorense Kunth Exotic 

271. Poaceae Ischaemum indicum (Houtt.) Merr. Indigenous 

272. Poaceae Ischaemum vitiense Summerhayes Indigenous 

273. Poaceae Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Exotic 

274. Poaceae Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. f.halepense Exotic 

275. Poaceae Sorghum halepense (L.)Pers.f.muticum (Hackel) Hubbard Exotic 

276. Poaceae Sorghum verticilliflorum (Steudel) Stapf Exotic 

277. Poaceae Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Exotic 

278. Poaceae Sorghum vulgare Pers. Exotic 

279. Poaceae Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash Exotic 

280. Poaceae Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. Indigenous 

281. Poaceae Cymbopogon refractus (R.Br.) A.Camus Indigenous 

282. Poaceae Cymbopogon coloratus (Hook.f.) Stapf Exotic 

283. Poaceae Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf Exotic 

284. Poaceae Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. ex Roemer Indigenous 

32

285. Poaceae Themeda arguens (L.) Hackel Exotic 

286. Poaceae Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze Exotic 

287. Poaceae Dichanthium caricosum (L.) A. Camus Exotic 

288. Poaceae Dichanthium aristatum (Poir.) Hubbard Indigenous 

289. Poaceae Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf Indigenous 

290. Poaceae Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T.Blake Exotic 

291. Poaceae Zea mays L. Exotic 

292. Poaceae Coix lacryma-jobi L. Exotic 

293. Poaceae Tripsacum laxum Nash Exotic 

294. Arecaceae Livistona chinensis (Jacq.) R.Br. ex Mart. Exotic 

295. Arecaceae Livistona australis (R.Br.) Mart. Exotic 

296. Arecaceae Licuala grandis H.Wendl.ex Linden Exotic 

297. Arecaceae Pritchardia pacifica Seem. & H.Wendl. Indigenous 

298. Arecaceae Pritchardia thurstonii F.v.Muell.& Drude Endemic 

299. Arecaceae Corypha elata Roxb.Hort. Exotic 

300. Arecaceae Phoenix dactylifera L. Exotic 

301. Arecaceae Phoenix sylvstris (L.) Roxb.Hort. Exotic 

302. Arecaceae Phoenix canariensis Hort. ex Chabaud Exotic 

303. Arecaceae Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien Exotic 

304. Arecaceae Latania lontaroides (Gaertn.) H.E.Moore Exotic 

305. Arecaceae Metroxylon vitiense (H.Wendl.) H.Wendl.ex Hook.f. Endemic 

306. Arecaceae Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hylander Exotic 

307. Arecaceae Calamus vitiensis Warb.ex Becc. Endemic 

308. Arecaceae Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Exotic 

309. Arecaceae Caryota mitis Lour. Exotic 

310. Arecaceae Caryota urens L. Exotic 

311. Arecaceae Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F.Cook Exotic 

312. Arecaceae Roystonea regia (H.B.K.) O.F.Cook Exotic 

313. Arecaceae Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H.Wendl. Exotic 

33

314. Arecaceae Archontophoenix alexandre (F.v.Muell.)H.Wendl.&Drude Exotic 

315. Arecaceae Veitchia vitiensis (H.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Endemic 

316. Arecaceae Veitchia simulans H.E.Moore Endemic 

317. Arecaceae Veitchia petiolata (Burret) H.E.Moore Endemic 

318. Arecaceae Veitchia sessilifolia (Burret) H.E.Moore Endemic 

319. Arecaceae Veitchia pedionoma (A.C.Smith) H.E.Moore Endemic 

320. Arecaceae Veitchia joannis H.Wendl. Endemic 

321. Arecaceae Veitchia filifera (H.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Endemic 

322. Arecaceae Veitchia pickeringii (H.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Endemic 

323. Arecaceae Veitchia subglobosa H.Wendl. Endemic 

324. Arecaceae Balaka microcarpa Burret Endemic 

325. Arecaceae Balaka pauciflora (H.Wendl.) H.E.Moore Endemic 

326. Arecaceae Balaka macrocarpa Burret Endemic 

327. Arecaceae Balaka seemannii (H.Wendl.) Becc. Endemic 

328. Arecaceae Balaka longirostris Becc. Endemic 

329. Arecaceae Ptychosperma macarthurii (H.Wendl.ex Veitch) H.Wendl.ex Hook.f. Exotic 

330. Arecaceae Areca catechu L. Exotic 

331. Arecaceae Pinanga kuhlii Bl. Exotic 

332. Arecaceae Neoveitchia storckii (H.Wendl.) Becc. Indigenous 

333. Arecaceae Pelagodoxa henryana Becc. Possibly exotic 

334. Arecaceae Dictyosperma album (Bory) H.Wendl.&Drude ex Scheffer Exotic 

335. Arecaceae Clinostigma exorrhizum (H.Wendl.) Becc. Endemic 

336. Arecaceae Cyphosperma trichospadix (Burret) H.E.Moore Endemic 

337. Arecaceae Cyphosperma tanga (H.E.Moore) H.E.Moore Endemic 

338. Arecaceae Physokentia thurstonii (Becc.) Becc. Endemic 

339. Arecaceae Physokentia rosea H.E.Moore Endemic 

340. Arecaceae Goniocladus petiolatus Burret Endemic 

341. Arecaceae Cocos nucifera L. Exotic 

342. Arecaceae Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Exotic 

34

343. Araceae Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Exotic 

344. Araceae Epiprenum pinnatum (L.) Engl. Exotic 

345. Araceae Epiprenum pinnatum cv.'Aureum' Exotic 

346. Araceae Rhaphidophora spuria (Schott) Nicolson Endemic 

347. Araceae Anthurium andraeanum Linden ex Andre Exotic 

348. Araceae Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng Exotic 

349. Araceae Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson Possibly exotic 

350. Araceae Cyrtosperma chamissonis (Schott) Merr. Abo. intro. 

351. Araceae Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott Exotic 

352. Araceae Alocasia cucullata (Lour.)G.Don Exotic 

353. Araceae Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) G.Don Abo. intro. 

354. Araceae Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott Abo. intro. 

355. Araceae Caladium bicolor (Ait.) Vent. Exotic 

356. Araceae Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott Abo. intro. 

357. Araceae Xanthosoma undipes (Koch) Koch Exotic 

358. Lemnaceae Lemna perpusilla Torrey Indigenous 

359. Pandanaceae Freycinetia caudata Hemsl. Endemic 

360. Pandanaceae Freycinetia urvilleana Hombron & Jacquinot Indigenous 

361. Pandanaceae Freycinetia impavida (Hombron & Jacquinot) Stone Indigenous 

362. Pandanaceae Freycinetia storckii Seem. Indigenous 

363. Pandanaceae Freycinetia pritchardii Seem. Indigenous 

364. Pandanaceae Freycinetia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

365. Pandanaceae Freycinetia grayana Perry Endemic 

366. Pandanaceae Freycinetia hombronii Martelli Indigenous 

367. Pandanaceae Pandanus thurstonii Wright Endemic 

368. Pandanaceae Pandanus joskei Horne Endemic 

369. Pandanaceae Pandanus taveuniensis St.John Endemic 

370. Pandanaceae Pandanus vitiensis Martelli Endemic 

371. Pandanaceae Pandanus levuensis Martelli Endemic 

35

372. Pandanaceae Pandanus gillespiei St. John Endemic 

373. Pandanaceae Pandanus whitmeeanus Martelli Indigenous 

374. Pandanaceae Pandanus sinicola A.C.Smith Endemic 

375. Pandanaceae Pandanus yasawaensis St.John Endemic 

376. Pandanaceae Pandanus alveatus St.John Endemic 

377. Pandanaceae Pandanus moalaensis St.John Endemic 

378. Pandanaceae Pandanus pyriformis (Martelli) St.John Syn: P. Tectorius Endemic/Indigenous 

379. Typhaceae Typha domingensis Pers. Indigenous 

380. Degeneriaceae Degeneria vitiensis I.W.Bailey & A.C.Smith Endemic 

381. Degeneriaceae Degeneria rosea J.M.Miller Endemic 

382. Annonaceae Polyalthia amygdalina (A.Gray) Gillespie Endemic 

383. Annonaceae Polyalthia laddiana A.C.Smith Endemic 

384. Annonaceae Polyalthia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

385. Annonaceae Polyalthia angustifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

386. Annonaceae Polyalthia amoena A.C.Smith Endemic 

387. Annonaceae Polyalthia loriformis Gillespie Endemic 

388. Annonaceae Polyalthia capillata A.C.Smith Endemic 

389. Annonaceae Polyalthia habrotricha A.C.Smith Endemic 

390. Annonaceae Polyalthia insularis (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

391. Annonaceae Cyathocalyx vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

392. Annonaceae Cyathocalyx insularis A.C.Smith Endemic 

393. Annonaceae Cyathocalyx stenopetalus A.C.Smith Endemic 

394. Annonaceae Cyathocalyx suaveolens A.C.Smith Endemic 

395. Annonaceae Xylopia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

396. Annonaceae Xylopia degeneri A.C.Smith Endemic 

397. Annonaceae Xylopia pacifica A.C.Smith Endemic 

398. Annonaceae Richella monosperma A. Gray Endemic 

399. Annonaceae Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook .f.& Thoms. Abo. intro. 

400. Annonaceae Annona muricata L. Exotic 

36

401. Annonaceae Annona glabra L. Indigenous 

402. Annonaceae Annona squamosa L. Indigenous 

403. Annonaceae Annona reticulata L. Indigenous 

404. Myristicaceae Myristica fragrans Houtt. Exotic 

405. Myristicaceae Myristica grandifolia A.DC. Endemic 

406. Myristicaceae Myristica macarantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

407. Myristicaceae Myristica castaneifolia A. Gray Endemic 

408. Myristicaceae Myristica gillespieana A.C.Smith Endemic 

409. Myristicaceae Myristica chartacea Gillespie Endemic 

410. Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

Presumably 

411. Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia littoralis Parodi 

indigenous 

412. Piperaceae Piper aduncum L. Indigenous 

413. Piperaceae Piper methysticum Forst.f.Pl. Abo. intro. 

414. Piperaceae Piper nigrum L. Indigenous 

415. Piperaceae Piper betle L. Indigenous 

416. Piperaceae Piper insectifugum C.DC. ex Seem. Endemic 

417. Piperaceae Piper crispatum A.C.Smith Endemic 

418. Piperaceae Piper stipulare A.C.Smith Endemic 

419. Piperaceae Piper degeneri A.C.Smith Endemic 

420. Piperaceae Macropiper puberulum Benth. Indigenous 

421. Piperaceae Macropiper puberulum Benth. f. puberulum Indigenous 

422. Piperaceae Macropiper puberulum f. glabrum (C.DC.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

423. Piperaceae Macropiper melanostachyum (C.DC.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

424. Piperaceae Macropiper oxycarpum (C.DC.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

425. Piperaceae Macropiper kandavuense (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

426. Piperaceae Macropiper timothianum (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

427. Piperaceae Macropiper vitiense (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

428. Peperomiaceae Peperomia leptostachya Hook. & Arn. Indigenous 

37

429. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nodosa Yunker Endemic 

430. Peperomiaceae Peperomia pilostigma Yunker Endemic 

431. Peperomiaceae Peperomia subroseispica C.DC. Endemic 

432. Peperomiaceae Peperomia vitilevuensis Yunker Endemic 

433. Peperomiaceae Peperomia orbiculimba Yunker var. orbiculimba Endemic 

434. Peperomiaceae Peperomia orbiculimba var. mathuataensis Yunker Endemic 

435. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nandarivatensis Yunker Endemic 

436. Peperomiaceae Peperomia curtispica C.DC. Endemic 

437. Peperomiaceae Peperomia parhamii Yunker Endemic 

438. Peperomiaceae Peperomia purpurinodis Yunker Endemic 

439. Peperomiaceae Peperomia vitiana C.DC. Endemic 

440. Peperomiaceae Peperomia namosiana Yunker Endemic 

441. Peperomiaceae Peperomia ciliifolia Yunker Endemic 

442. Peperomiaceae Peperomia naitasiriensis Yunker Endemic 

443. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nandalana Yunker var. Nandalana Endemic 

444. Peperomiaceae Peperomia nandalana var. nudipeduncula Yunker Endemic 

445. Peperomiaceae Peperomia disticha Yunker Endemic 

446. Peperomiaceae Peperomia pellucida (L.) H.B.K Indigenous 

447. Peperomiaceae Peperomia endlicheri Miq. var. fijiana Yunker Indigenous 

448. Peperomiaceae Peperomia lasiostigma C.DC. var. Lasiostigma Endemic 

449. Peperomiaceae Peperomia lasiostigma var. carnosa (C.DC.)Yunker Endemic 

450. Peperomiaceae Peperomia lasiostigma var. microlimba Yunker Possibly endemic 

451. Peperomiaceae Peperomia attenuata Yunker var. attenuata Endemic 

452. Peperomiaceae Peperomia attenuata var. taveuniana Yunker Endemic 

453. Peperomiaceae Peperomia attenuata var .roseispica Yunker Endemic 

454. Peperomiaceae Peperomia flavida Yunker Possibly endemic 

455. Peperomiaceae Peperomia flavida C.DC var. flavida Endemic 

456. Peperomiaceae Peperomia flavida var. pubinervis Yunker Possibly endemic 

457. Peperomiaceae Peperomia albertiana Yunker Possibly endemic 

38

458. Peperomiaceae Peperomia laevilimba Yunker Endemic 

459. Chloranthaceae Ascarina diffusa A.C.Smith Indigenous 

460. Chloranthaceae Ascarina swamyana A.C.Smith Indigenous 

461. Trimeniaceae Trimenia weinmanniifolia Seem. Indigenous 

462. Monimiaceae Hedycarya dorstenioides A. Gray Indigenous 

463. Hernandiaceae Hernandia nymphaeifolia (Presl) Kubitzki Indigenous 

464. Hernandiaceae Hernandia moerenhoutiana Guillemin subsp. campanulata Kubitzki Indigenous 

465. Hernandiaceae Hernandia olivacea Gillespie Endemic 

466. Lauraceae Persea americana Mill. Indigenous 

467. Lauraceae Endiandra reticulata Gillespie Indigenous 

468. Lauraceae Endiandra elaeocarpa Gillespie Indigenous 

469. Lauraceae Endiandra gillespie A.C.Smith Endemic 

470. Lauraceae Endiandra trichotosa A.C.Smith Endemic 

471. Lauraceae Endiandra monticola A.C.Smith Endemic 

472. Lauraceae Endiandra tryphera A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

473. Lauraceae Endiandra luteola A.C.Smith Endemic 

474. Lauraceae Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.S.Presl Indigenous 

475. Lauraceae Cinnamomum pedatinervium Meisn. Possibly endemic 

476. Lauraceae Cinnamomum vernum J.S.Presl Indigenous 

477. Lauraceae Cinnamomum pallidum Gillespie Endemic 

478. Lauraceae Cinnamomum leptopus A.C.Smith Endemic 

479. Lauraceae Cinnamomum fitianum (Meisn.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

480. Lauraceae Cinnamomum rigidum Gillespie Endemic 

481. Lauraceae Cinnamomum degeneri Allen Endemic 

482. Lauraceae Cryptocarya lancifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

483. Lauraceae Cryptocarya fusca Gillespie Endemic 

484. Lauraceae Cryptocarya turbinata Gillespie Indigenous 

485. Lauraceae Cryptocarya hornei Gillespie Indigenous 

486. Lauraceae Cryptocarya constricta Allen Endemic 

39

487. Lauraceae Cryptocarya turrilliana A.C.Smith Endemic 

488. Lauraceae Cryptocarya barbellata A.C.Smith Endemic 

489. Lauraceae Cryptocarya parinarioides A.C.Smith Endemic 

490. Lauraceae Litsea pickeringii (A. Gray ex Seem.) Benth. & Hook. f.ex Drake Endemic 

491. Lauraceae Litsea palmatinervia (Meisn.) Benth & Hook. f.ex Drake Endemic 

492. Lauraceae Litsea magnifolia Gillespie Endemic 

493. Lauraceae Litsea seemannii (Meisn.) Benth.& Hook. f.ex Drake Endemic 

494. Lauraceae Litsea hornei A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

495. Lauraceae Litsea grayana A.C.Smith Endemic 

496. Lauraceae Litsea richii A.C.Smith Endemic 

497. Lauraceae Litsea vitiana (Meisn.) Benth.& Hook. f.ex Drake Endemic 

498. Lauraceae Litsea imthurnii Turrill Endemic 

499. Lauraceae Litsea burckelloides A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

500. Lauraceae Litsea mellifera A.C.Smith Indigenous 

501. Lauraceae Litsea alleniana A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

502. Lauraceae Litsea mathuataensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

503. Cassythaceae Cassytha filiformis L. Indigenous 

504. Gyrocarpaceae Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. subsp. Americanus Indigenous 

505. Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea capensis Thunb.f. capensis. Indigenous 

506. Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea capensis f. rosea Hort.ex Conard Indigenous 

507. Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum demersum L. Indigenous 

508. Menispermaceae Pachygone vitiensis Diels Indigenous 

509. Ranunculaceae Clemetis pickeringii A. Gray Indigenous 

510. Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana L. Indigenous 

511. Ulmaceae Parasponia andersonii (Planch.) Planch. Indigenous 

512. Ulmaceae Trema cannabina Lour. Indigenous 

513. Ulmaceae Celtis harperi Horne Indigenous 

514. Ulmaceae Celtis vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

515. Ulmaceae Girroniera celtidifolia Gaud. Indigenous 

40

516. Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa L. Indigenous 

517. Moraceae Ficus religiosa L. Indigenous 

518. Moraceae Ficus prolixa Forst.f.Fl. Indigenous 

519. Moraceae Ficus benghalensis L. Indigenous 

520. Moraceae Ficus benjamina L. Indigenous 

521. Moraceae Ficus elastica Roxb. Indigenous 

522. Moraceae Ficus obliqua Forst.f.Fl. Indigenous 

523. Moraceae Ficus smithii Horne ex Baker var. smithii Indigenous 

524. Moraceae Ficus smithii Horne ex Baker var. robusta Corner Indigenous 

525. Moraceae Ficus carica L. Indigenous 

526. Moraceae Ficus pumila L. Indigenous 

527. Moraceae Ficus scabra Forst. Indigenous 

528. Moraceae Ficus storckii Seem. var. storckii Indigenous 

529. Moraceae Ficus storckii var. kajewskii (Summerhayes) Corner Indigenous 

530. Moraceae Ficus masonii Horne ex Baker Endemic 

531. Moraceae Ficus greenwoodii Summerhayes Endemic 

532. Moraceae Ficus fulvo-pilosa Summerhayes Endemic 

533. Moraceae Ficus barclayana (Miq.) Summerhayes Endemic 

534. Moraceae Ficus bambusifolia Seem. Endemic 

535. Moraceae Ficus tinctoria Forst. Indigenous 

536. Moraceae Ficus theophrastoides Seem. Indigenous 

537. Moraceae Ficus vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

538. Moraceae Ficus pritchardii Seem. Endemic 

539. Moraceae Morus australis Poir. Indigenous 

540. Moraceae Streblus anthropophagorum (Seem.) Corner Indigenous 

541. Moraceae Streblus pendulinus (Endl.) F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

542. Moraceae Antiaris toxiacaria Leschenault var. macrophylla (R.Br.) Corner Indigenous 

543. Moraceae Maclura excelsa (Welw.) Bureau Indigenous 

544. Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Indigenous 

41

545. Moraceae Malaisia scandens (Lour.) Plaunch. Indigenous 

546. Moraceae Artocarpus rigidus Bl. Indigenous 

547. Moraceae Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg Indigenous 

548. Moraceae Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Indigenous 

549. Urticaceae Dendrocnide harveyi (Seem.) Chew Indigenous 

550. Urticaceae Dendrocnide vitiensis (Seem.) Chew Indigenous 

551. Urticaceae Laporte interrupta (L.) Chew Indigenous 

552. Urticaceae Elatostema australe (Wedd.) Hall.f. Endemic 

553. Urticaceae Elatostema vitiense (Wedd.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

554. Urticaceae Elatostema filicoides (Seem.) Schroter Endemic 

555. Urticaceae Elatostema comptonioides A.C.Smith Endemic 

556. Urticaceae Elatostema nemorosum Seem. Endemic 

557. Urticaceae Elatostema fruticosum Gibbs. Endemic 

558. Urticaceae Elatostema greenwoodii A.C.Smith Endemic 

559. Urticaceae Elatostema insulare A.C.Smith Endmeic 

560. Urticaceae Elatostema palustre A.C.Smith Endemic 

561. Urticaceae Elatostema tenellum A.C.Smith Endemic 

562. Urticaceae Elatostema gillespiei A.C.Smith Endemic 

563. Urticaceae Elatostema seemannianum A.C.Smith Endemic 

564. Urticaceae Elatostema humile A.C.Smith Endemic 

565. Urticaceae Elatostema epallocaulum A.C.Smith Endemic 

566. Urticaceae Procris pedunculata (J.R. & G.Forst.) Wedd. var. pedunculata Indigenous 

567. Urticaceae Procris pedunculata var. ornata A.C.Smith Indigenous 

568. Urticaceae Procris anfracta (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

569. Urticaceae Procris archboldiana A.C.Smith Endemic 

570. Urticaceae Procris goepeliana (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

571. Urticaceae Pilea cadieri Gagnep. & Guilllaumin Indigenous 

572. Urticaceae Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. Indigenous 

573. Urticaceae Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. Indigenous 

42

574. Urticaceae Boehmeria virgata (Forst.f) Guilllaumin Indigenous 

575. Urticaceae Pouzolzia erythraeae Schweinfurth Indigenous 

576. Urticaceae Pouzolzia rubricaulis (Bl.) Wedd. Indigenous 

577. Urticaceae Pipturus argenteus (Forst. f.) Wedd. var. lanosus Skottsb. Indigenous 

578. Urticaceae Pipturus platyphyllus Wedd. Endemic 

579. Urticaceae Pipturus vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

580. Urticaceae Cypholophus heterophyllus (Wedd.) Wedd. Endigenous 

581. Urticaceae Cypholophus macrocephalus Wedd. var. mollis (Wedd.) Wedd. Indigenous 

582. Urticaceae Leucoskye corymbulosa (Wedd.) Wedd. Indigenous 

583. Urticaceae Maoutia australis Wedd. Indigenous 

584. Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia J.R.& G.Forst. Indigenous 

585. Casuarinaceae Casuarina torulosa Ait. Indigenous 

586. Casuarinaceae Gymnostoma vitiense L.A.S.Johnson Endemic 

587. Balanopaceae Balanops pedicellata (Guilllaumin) Hjelmqvist Indigenous 

588. Phytolaccaceae Rivina humilis L. Indigenous 

589. Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis jalapa L. Indigenous 

590. Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia diffusa L. Indigenous 

591. Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Indigenous 

592. Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea spectabilis Lam. Indigenous 

593. Nyctaginaceae Pisonia umbellifera (J.R.&G.Forst) Seem. Indigenous 

594. Nyctaginaceae Pisonia grandis R.Br. Indigenous 

595. Nyctaginaceae Pisonia aculeata L. Indigenous 

596. Aizoaceae Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. Indigenous 

597. Cactaceae Opuntia vulgaris Mill. Indigenous 

598. Cactaceae Nopalea cochinellifera (L.) Salm-Dyck Indigenous 

599. Molluginaceae Mollugo pentaphylla L. Indigenous 

600. Caryophyllaceae Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roemer & Schultes var. pacifica Mizushima Indigenous 

601. Portulacaceae Portulaca quadrifida L. Indigenous 

602. Portulacaceae Portulaca lutea Solander ex Forst.f.Pl. Indigenous 

43

603. Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea L. Indigenous 

604. Portulacaceae Portulaca pilosa L. Indigenous 

605. Portulacaceae Portulaca samoensis Poelln. Indigenous 

606. Portulacaceae Portulaca grandiflora Hook. Indigenous 

607. Portulacaceae Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. Indigenous 

608. Basellaceae Basella alba L. Indigenous 

609. Amaranthaceae Deeringia amaranthoides (Lam.) Merr. Indigenous 

610. Amaranthaceae Celosia argentia cv.'Cristata' Exotic 

611. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus gracilis Desf. Indigenous 

612. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus tricolor L. Indigenous 

613. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus spinosus L. Indigenous 

614. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus dubius Mart. Indigenous 

615. Amaranthaceae Amaranthus hybridus L. Indigenous 

616. Amaranthaceae Cyathula prostata (L.)Bl. Indigenous 

617. Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera L. Indigenous 

618. Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br.ex DC. Indigenous 

619. Amaranthaceae Alternanthera tenella Colla cv.'Bettzickiana' Exotic 

620. Amaranthaceae Gomphrena globosa L. Indigenous 

621. Amaranthaceae Iresine herbstii Hook. Indigenous 

622. Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Indigenous 

623. Polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Hook.& Arn. Indigenous 

624. Polygonaceae Rumex crispus L. Indigenous 

625. Polygonaceae Polygonum dichotomum Bl. Indigenous 

626. Polygonaceae Homalocladium platycladum (F.v.Muell.)I.H.Bailey Indigenous 

627. Plumbaginaceae Plumbago zeylanica L. Indigenous 

628. Plumbaginaceae Plumbago auricalata Lam. Indigenous 

629. Plumbaginaceae Plumbago indica L. Indigenous 

630. Dilleniaceae Dillenia biflora (A. Gray) Martelli ex Dur.& Jacks Indigenous 

631. Dilleniaceae Hibbertia lucens Brongn.& Gris ex Sebert & Pancher Indigenous 

44

632. Ochnaceae Brackenridgea nitida A. Gray Endemic 

633. Theaceae Camellia sinensis (L.)Kuntze Indigenous 

634. Theaceae Eurya vitiensis A.Gray Endemic 

635. Theaceae Eurya greenwoodii Kobuski Endemic 

636. Saurauiaceae Saurauia rubicunda (A.Gray) Seem. Endemic 

637. Clusiaceae Calophyllum leucocarpum A.C.Smith Endemic 

638. Clusiaceae Calophyllum leptocaldum A.C.Smith Endemic 

639. Clusiaceae Calophyllum cerasiferum Vesque Endemic 

640. Clusiaceae Calophyllum neo-ebudicum Guillaumin Indigenous 

641. Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum L. Indigenous 

642. Clusiaceae Calophyllum vitiensis Turrill Endemic 

643. Clusiaceae Calophyllum ambiphyllum A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

644. Clusiaceae Mesua ferrea L. Indigenous 

645. Clusiaceae Mammea odorata (Raf.) Kostermans Indigenous 

646. Clusiaceae Mammea americana L. Possibly indigenous 

647. Clusiaceae Garcinia pseudoguttifera Seem. Indigenous 

648. Clusiaceae Garcinia vitiensis (A.Gray) Seem. Indigenous 

649. Clusiaceae Garcinia myrtifolia A.C.Smith Indigenous 

650. Clusiaceae Garcinia sessilis (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 

651. Clusiaceae Garcinia adinantha A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

652. Clusiaceae Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f.Fl. Indigenous 

653. Clusiaceae Garcinia dulcis (Roxb.) Kurz. Indigenous 

654. Clusiaceae Garcinia mangostana L. Indigenous 

655. Elatinaceae Elatine gratioloides A.Cunn. Indigenous 

656. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus grandis F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

657. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pittosporoides A.C.Smith Endemic 

658. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus praeclarus A.C.Smith Endemic 

659. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus cassinoides A.Gray Endemic 

660. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pyriformis A.Gray Endemic 

45

661. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kasiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

662. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus storckii Seem. Endemic 

663. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus ampliflorus A.C.Smith Endemic 

664. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus chelonimorphus Gillespie Indigenous 

665. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus gillespieanus A.C.Smith Endemic 

666. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus vitiensis Gillespie Endemic 

667. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus lepidus A.C.Smith Endemic 

668. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus laurifolius A.Gray Endemic 

669. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus subcapitatus Gillespie Endemic 

670. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus melochioides A.C.Smith Endemic 

671. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kambi Gibbs. Endemic 

672. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus milnei Seem. Endemic 

673. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus chionanthus A.C.Smith Endemic 

674. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus roseiflorus A.C.Smith Endemic 

675. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus graeffei Seem. Indigenous 

676. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus degenerianus A.C.Smith Endemic 

677. Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus xanthodactylus A.C.Smith Endemic 

678. Tiliaceae Corchorus olitorius L. Indigenous 

679. Tiliaceae Corchorus torresianus Gaud. Indigenous 

680. Tiliaceae Trichospermum calyculatum (Seem.) Burret. Endemic 

681. Tiliaceae Trichospermum richii (A.Gray) Seem. Indigenous 

682. Tiliaceae Muntingia calabura L. Exotic 

683. Tiliaceae Grewia vitiensis Turrill Endemic 

684. Tiliaceae Grewia crenata (J.R.&G.Forst) Schinz & Guillaumin Indigenous 

685. Tiliaceae Microcos vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

686. Tiliaceae Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Indigenous 

687. Tiliaceae Triumfetta procumbens Forst.f.Fl. Indigenous 

688. Tiliaceae Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret Indigenous 

689. Tiliaceae Berrya pacifica A.C.Smith Endemic 

46

690. Sterculiaceae Dombeya burgessiae Gerr.ex Harvey & Sonder Indigenous 

691. Sterculiaceae Pentapetes phoenicca L. Indigenous 

692. Sterculiaceae Melochia corchorifolia L. Indigenous 

693. Sterculiaceae Melochia parhamii A.C.Smith Endemic 

694. Sterculiaceae Melochia vitiensis A.Gray Endemic 

695. Sterculiaceae Melochia degeriana A.C.Smith Endemic 

696. Sterculiaceae Melochia mollipila A.C.Smith Endemic 

697. Sterculiaceae Melochia grayana A.C.Smith Endemic 

698. Sterculiaceae Melochia longepetiolata A.C.Smith Endemic 

699. Sterculiaceae Melochia roseiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

700. Sterculiaceae Waltheria indica L. Indigenous 

701. Sterculiaceae Pimia rhamnoides Seem. Endemic 

702. Sterculiaceae Commersonia bartramia (L.) Merr. Indigenous 

703. Sterculiaceae Theobroma cacao L. Indigenous 

704. Sterculiaceae Helicteres isora L. Exotic 

705. Sterculiaceae Kleinhovia hospita L. Indigenous 

706. Sterculiaceae Sterculia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

707. Sterculiaceae Sterculia dasyphylla A.C.Smith Endemic 

708. Sterculiaceae Firmiana diversifolia A.Gray Endemic 

709. Sterculiaceae Pterocymbium oceanicum A.C.Smith Endemic 

710. Sterculiaceae Heritiera littoralis Ait. Indigenous 

711. Sterculiaceae Heritiera orthinocephala Kostermans Indigenous 

712. Bombacaceae Ochroma pyramidale (Cav.) Urb. Indigenous 

713. Bombacaceae Celba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Indigenous 

714. Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp.tiliaceus Indigenous 

715. Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp.hastatus (L.f.) Borss Indigenous 

716. Malvaceae Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Exotic 

717. Malvaceae Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. Indigenous 

718. Malvaceae Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Exotic 

47

719. Malvaceae Hibiscus schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook.f. Indigenous 

720. Malvaceae Hibiscus syriacus L. Indigenous 

721. Malvaceae Hibiscus hirtus L. Indigenous 

722. Malvaceae Hibiscus mutabilis L. Indigenous 

723. Malvaceae Abelmoshus moschatus Medik. Indigenous 

724. Malvaceae Abelmoshus esculentus (L.) Moench Exotic 

725. Malvaceae Abelmoshus manihot (L.) Medik. Indigenous 

726. Malvaceae Thespesia populnea (L.) Solander ex Correa Indigenous 

727. Malvaceae Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & Gibson Indigenous 

728. Malvaceae Gossypium arboreum L. Indigenous 

729. Malvaceae Gossypium hirsutum L. Indigenous 

730. Malvaceae Gossypium barbadense L. Indigenous 

731. Malvaceae Urena lobata L. Indigenous 

732. Malvaceae Malvaviscus arboreus var.arboreus Exotic 

733. Malvaceae Malvaviscus arboreus var.penduliflorus (Moc.& Sesse ex DC.) Exotic 

734. Malvaceae Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke Indigenous 

735. Malvaceae Anoda cristata (L.) Schlechtendal Indigenous 

736. Malvaceae Sida acuta Burm.f.Fl. Indigenous 

737. Malvaceae Sida parvifolia DC. Indigenous 

738. Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia L. Indigenous 

739. Malvaceae Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Indigenous 

740. Euphorbiaceae Cleistanthus micranthus Croizat Endemic 

741. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma pacificum Muell. Endemic 

742. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma insulare Gillespie Endemic 

743. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma gillespieanum A.C.Smith Endemic 

744. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma elassophyllum A.C.Smith Endemic 

745. Euphorbiaceae Antidesma trichophyllum A.C.Smith Endemic 

746. Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea seemannii (Muell.Arg.) Muell. Indigenous 

747. Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea stylaris Muell. Endemic 

48

748. Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea pulvinata A.C.Smith Endemic 

749. Euphorbiaceae Drypetes vitiensis Croizat Indigenous 

750. Euphorbiaceae Drypetes pacifica (I.W.Bailey & A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

751. Euphorbiaceae Flueggea flexuosa Muell. Indigenous 

752. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus emblica L. Indigenous 

753. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus pergracilis Gillespie Endemic 

754. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus heterodoxus Muell. Possibly endemic 

755. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus wilkesianus Muell. Endemic 

756. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus virgatus Forst.f. Indigenous 

757. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus urinaria L. Indigenous 

758. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus amarus Schumacher & Thonnig Indigenous 

759. Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd. Indigenous 

760. Euphorbiaceae Breynia disticha J.R.& G.Forst cv.'Rosea-picta' Exotic 

761. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion cordatum Seem. Endemic 

762. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion amentuligerum (Muell.Arg.) Croizat Endemic 

763. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion anfractuosum Gibbs. Endemic 

764. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion ramiflorum J.R.&G.Forst. Indigenous 

765. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion concolor Muell. Indigenous 

766. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion seemannii Muell. Endemic 

767. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion euryoides A.C.Smith Endemic 

768. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion vitiense (Muell.Arg.) Gillespie Endemic 

769. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion podocarpum (Muell.Arg.) C.B.Robinson Endemic 

770. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion calciphilum Croizat Endemic 

771. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion atrovirens A.C.Smith Endemic 

772. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion brunnescens A.C.Smith Endemic 

773. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion multilobum A.C.Smith Endemic 

774. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion gillespiei Croizat Endemic 

775. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion insutatum A.C.Smith Endemic 

776. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion bracteatum Gillespie Endemic 

49

777. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion collinum A.C.Smith Endemic 

778. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion atalotrichum A.C.Smith Endemic 

779. Euphorbiaceae Glochidion melvilliorum Airy Endemic 

780. Euphorbiaceae Bishofia javanica Bl. Possibly endemic 

781. Euphorbiaceae Austrobuxus horneanus (A.C.Smith) Airy Endemic 

782. Euphorbiaceae Petalostigma quadriloculare F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

783. Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis L. Indigenous 

784. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga membranacea Muell. Endemic 

785. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii (Muell.Arg.) Muell. Indigenous 

786. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii var.seemannii Indigenous 

787. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii var.capillata A.C.Smith Indigenous 

788. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii var.deltoidea A.C.Smith Endemic 

789. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga magna Turrill Endemic 

790. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga caesariata A.C.Smith Endemic 

791. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga graeffeana Pax & Hoffm. var.graeffeana Endemic 

792. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga graeffeana var.major A.C.Smith Endemic 

793. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga graeffeana Pax & Hoffm. var.crenata Endemic 

794. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga marikoensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

795. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga vitiensis Pax & Hoffm. Endemic 

796. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga harveyana (Muell.Arg.) Muell. Indigenous 

797. Euphorbiaceae Macaranga secunda Muell. Endemic 

798. Euphorbiaceae Cleidion leptostachyum (Muell.Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. Endemic 

799. Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon vitiense Gillespie Endemic 

800. Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon fallax Muell.Arg. Indigenous 

801. Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon echinospermum Muell. Endemic 

802. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha boehmerioides Miq. Indigenous 

803. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha grandis Benth. Indigenous 

804. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha hispida Burm.f. Exotic 

805. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha wilkesiana Muell.f.wilkesiana Exotic 

50

806. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha wilkesiana f.circinata Muell. Possibly endemic 


808. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha rivularis Seem. Endemic 

809. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha insulana var.insulana Indigenous 

810. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha insulana var.flavicans Muell. Possibly endemic 

811. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha insulana var.subvillosa (Muell. Arg.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

812. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha repanda Muell. var.repanda Indigenous 

813. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha repanda var.denudata (Muell.Arg.)A.C.Smith Possibly indigenous 

814. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha amplexicaulis A.C.Smith Endemic 

815. Euphorbiaceae Mallotus tiliifolius (Bl.) Muell. Indigenous 

816. Euphorbiaceae Hevea brasiliensis (Willd.ex A.H.L.Juss) Muell. Exotic 

817. Euphorbiaceae Endospermum macrophyllum (Muell.Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. Endemic 

818. Euphorbiaceae Endospermum robbieanum A.C.Smith Endemic 

819. Euphorbiaceae Manihot exculenta Crantz Exotic 

820. Euphorbiaceae Manihot esculenta cv.'Variegata' Exotic 

821. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha curcas L. Indigenous 

822. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha integerrima Jacq. Indigenous 

823. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha gossypiifolia L. var.elegans (Pohl) Muell. Exotic 

824. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha podagrica Hook. Exotic 

825. Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. Indigenous 

826. Euphorbiaceae Aleurites montana (Lour.) E.H.Wilson Exotic 

827. Euphorbiaceae Aleurites fordii Hemsl. Exotic 

828. Euphorbiaceae Codiaceum variegatum var. moluccanum (Dec.) Muell. Indigenous 

829. Euphorbiaceae Codiaeum variegatum var.variegatum f.variegatum Exotic 

830. Euphorbiaceae Codiaeum variegatum var.variegatum f.taeniosum (Muell.Arg.) Muell.Arg.ex J.W.Parham Exotic 

831. Euphorbiaceae Croton metallicus Seem.ex Muell.Arg. Endemic 

832. Euphorbiaceae Croton microtiglium Burkill Indigenous 

833. Euphorbiaceae Croton leptopus Muell. Endemic 

834. Euphorbiaceae Croton heterotrichus Muell. Endemic 

51

835. Euphorbiaceae Omalanthus nutans (Forst.f.) Guillemin Indigenous 

836. Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria agallocha L. Indigenous 

837. Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria acuminata Gillespie Endemic 

838. Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria confertiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

839. Euphorbiaceae Stillingia pacifica Muell. Indigenous 

840. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia splendens Bojer ex Hook. Indigenous 

841. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.ex Kl. Indigenous 

842. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cyathophora Murray Indigenous 

843. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia peplus L. Indigenous 

844. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tirucalli L. Indigenous 

845. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia fidjiana Boiss. Endemic 

846. Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce prostrata (Ait.) Small Indigenous 

847. Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce atoto (Forst.f.) Croizat Exotic 

848. Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. Possibly indigenous 

849. Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp. Indigenous 

850. Gonystylaceae Gonystylus punctatus A.C.Smith Endemic 

851. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria disperma (Forst.f.) Baill. Indigenous 

852. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria pubiflora (A.Gray) Gilg. Endemic 

853. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria pulchra Gillespie Endemic 

854. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria ixoroides Fosberg Endemic 

855. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria glabra (Turrill) Domke Indigenous 

856. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria montana (Seem.) Gilg. Endemic 

857. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria angustifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

858. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria acuminata (A.Gray) Gilg Indigenous 

859. Thymelaeaceae Phaleria lanceolata (A.Gray) Gilg Endemic 

860. Thymelaeaceae Wikstroemia foetida (L.f.) A.Gray var.vitiensis A.Gray Indigenous 

861. Lecythidaceae Couroupita guianensis Aubl. Indigenous 

862. Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia asiatica (L.) Kurz Exotic 

863. Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia racemosa (L.) Spreng. Indigenous 

52

864. Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia edulis Seem. Endemic 

865. Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia seatura Guppy Endemic 

866. Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora stylosa Griffith Indigenous 

867. Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora samoensis (Hochr.) Salvoza Indigenous 

868. Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora x selala (Salvoza) Tomlison Indigenous 

869. Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. Indigenous 

870. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis richii (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

871. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis pedunculata A.C.Smith Endemic 

872. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis harveyi Benth. Endemic 

873. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis parksii (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

874. Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis seemannii (A.Gray) Schimper Endemic 

875. Flacourtiaceae Erythrospermum acuminatissimum (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

876. Flacourtiaceae Homalium vitiense Benth. Endemic 

877. Flacourtiaceae Homalium pallidum A.C.Smith Endemic 

878. Flacourtiaceae Homalium nitens Turrill Endemic 

879. Flacourtiaceae Homalium laurifolium A.C.Smith Endemic 

880. Flacourtiaceae Hydnocarpus wightianus Bl. Exotic 

881. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia mollipila Sleumer Endemic 

882. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia amalotricha A.C.Smith Endemic 

883. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

884. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia subintegra A.C.Smith Endemic 

885. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia degeneri A.C.Smith Endemic 

886. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia rukam Zoll.&Moritzi ex Moritzi Exotic 

887. Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.)Raeusch. Exotic 

888. Flacourtiaceae Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb. Exotic 

889. Flacourtiaceae Xylosma orbiculatum (J.R.&G.Forst.)Forst.f. Indigenous 

890. Flacourtiaceae Xylosma simulans A.C.Smith Indigenous 

891. Flacourtiaceae Casearia parhamii A.C.Smith Endemic 

892. Flacourtiaceae Casearia fissistipula A.C.Smith Endemic 

53

893. Flacourtiaceae Casearia myrsinoides Sleumer Possibly endemic 

894. Flacourtiaceae Casearia richii A.Gray Possibly endemic 

895. Flacourtiaceae Casearia procera A.C.Smith Endemic 

896. Flacourtiaceae Casearia adiantoides Sleumer Endemic 

897. Flacourtiaceae Casearia angustifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

898. Flacourtiaceae Casearia longifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

899. Flacourtiaceae Casearia crassipes A.C.Smith Endemic 

900. Flacourtiaceae Casearia stenophylla A.C.Smith Endemic 

901. Flacourtiaceae Casearia pubipes A.C.smith Endemic 

902. Violaceae Melicytus fasciger Gillespie Indigenous 

903. Violaceae Agatea violaris A.Gray f.violaris Indigenous 

904. Violaceae Agatea violaris f.mollis A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

905. Violaceae Viola odorata L. Indigenous 

906. Turneraceae Turnera ulmifolia L. Exotic 

907. Passifloraceae Passiflora aurantia Forst.f. Indigenous 

908. Passifloraceae Passiflora barclayi (Seem.) Mast. Indigenous 

909. Passifloraceae Passiflora suberosa L. Exotic 

910. Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida L. var.hispida (DC. ex Triana & Planch.) Exotic 

911. Passifloraceae Passiflora edulis Sims. Exotic 

912. Passifloraceae Passiflora quadrangularis L. Exotic 

913. Passifloraceae Passiflora laurifolia L. Exotic 

914. Passifloraceae Passiflora maliformis L. Exotic 

915. Bixaceae Bixa orellana L. Exotic 

916. Cochlospermaceae Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng Exotic 

917. Cariacaceae Carica papaya L. Exotic 

918. Cucurbitaceae Momordica charantha L. Exotic 

919. Cucurbitaceae Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. Exotic 

920. Cucurbitaceae Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Exotic 

921. Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus (Thub.) Mansf. Exotic 

54

922. Cucurbitaceae Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. Exotic 

923. Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima Duchesne ex Lam. Exotic 

924. Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita pepo L. Exotic 

925. Cucurbitaceae Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.Roemer Exotic 

926. Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melo L. Exotic 

927. Cucurbitaceae Cucumis sativus L. Exotic 

928. Cucurbitaceae Zehneria mucronata (Bl.) Miq. Indigenous 

929. Cucurbitaceae Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. Exotic 

930. Cucurbitaceae Trichosanthes cucumerina L. Endemic 

931. Cucurbitaceae Neoalsomitra intergrifoliola (Cogn.) Hutchinson Indigenous 

932. Begoniaceae Begonia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

933. Begoniaceae Begonia coccinea Hook. Exotic 

934. Begoniaceae Begonia x argenteo-guttata Lemoine Exotic 

935. Begoniaceae Begonia x semperflorens-cultorum Hort. Exotic 

936. Begoniaceae Begonia x ricinifolia A.Dietr. Exotic 

937. Begoniaceae Begonia rex Putz. Exotic 

938. Capparaceae Capparis cordifolia Lam. Indigenous 

939. Capparaceae Capparis quiniflora DC. Indigenous 

940. Capparaceae Crateva religiosa Forst.f. Indigenous 

941. Cleomaceae Cleome viscosa L. Exotic 

942. Cleomaceae Cleome gynandra L. Exotic 

943. Cleomaceae Cleome speciosa Raf. Exotic 

944. Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea L. var.capitata L. Exotic 

945. Brassicaceae Brassica oleracea L. var.botrytis L. Exotic 

946. Brassicaceae Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Cosson Exotic 

947. Brassicaceae Brassica campestris L. Exotic 

948. Brassicaceae Brassica chinensis L. Exotic 

949. Brassicaceae Raphanus sativus L. Exotic 

950. Brassicaceae Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. Exotic 

55

951. Brassicaceae Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv. Exotic 

952. Brassicaceae Rorripa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek ex Mansf. Exotic 

953. Brassicaceae Rorripa sarmentosa (DC.) Macbride Indigenous 

954. Brassicaceae Rorripa indica (L.) Hiern var.apetala (DC.) Hochr. Exotic 

955. Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Lam. Exotic 

956. Salicaceae Salix babylonica L. Exotic 

957. Ericaceae Rhododendron x pulchrum Sweet Exotic 

958. Ericaceae Paphia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

959. Epacridaceae Leucopogon septentrionalis Schlechter Indigenous 

960. Symplocaceae Symplocos leptophylla (Brand) Turrill Indigenous 

961. Symplocaceae Symplocos turrilliana A.C.Smith Endemic 

962. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica (J.R.&G.Forst.) P.S.Green Indigenous 

963. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica var.elliptica Endemic 

964. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica var.fructuosa A.C.Smith Endemic 

965. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica var.fijiensis (Bakh.)A.C.Smith Endemic 

966. Ebenaceae Diospyros elliptica var.foliosa (Rich ex A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

967. Ebenaceae Erythrospermum acuminatissimum (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

968. Ebenaceae Diospyros gillespiei (Fosberg) Kostermans var.gillespiei. Endemic 

969. Ebenaceae Diospyros gillespiei var.nandarivatensis (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

970. Ebenaceae Diospyros phlebodes (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

971. Ebenaceae Diospyros major (Forst.f.)Bahk. Indigenous 

972. Ebenaceae Diospyros fasciculosa (F.v.Muell.) F.v.Muell. Possibly exotic 

973. Ebenaceae Diospyros samoensis A. Gray Indigenous 

974. Ebenaceae Diospyros vitiensis Gillespie var.vitiensis Endemic 

975. Ebenaceae Diospyros vitiensis Gillespie var.longisepala (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

976. Sapotaceae Planchonella sessilis A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

977. Sapotaceae Planchonella brevipes A.C.Smith Endemic 

978. Sapotaceae Planchonella grayana St.John Indigenous 

979. Sapotaceae Planchonella umbonata (van Royen) A.C.Smith Endemic 

56

980. Sapotaceae Planchonella smithii (van Royen) A.C.Smith Endemic 

981. Sapotaceae Planchonella garberi Christopherson Indigenous 

982. Sapotaceae Planchonella vitiensis Gillespie Endemic 

983. Sapotaceae Planchonella membranacea Lam Indigenous 

984. Sapotaceae Planchonella pyrulifera (A.Gray) Lam ex Royen Endemic 

985. Sapotaceae Chrysophyllum cainito L. Exotic 

986. Sapotaceae Calocarpum sapota (Jacq.) Merr. Exotic 

987. Sapotaceae Burckella hillii (Horne ex Baker) Lam Endemic 

988. Sapotaceae Burckella parvifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

989. Sapotaceae Burckella richii (A.Gray) Lam Possibly exotic 

990. Sapotaceae Burckella obovata (Forst.f.) Pierre Exotic 

991. Sapotaceae Burckella fijiensis (Hemsl.)A.C.Smith Endemic 

992. Sapotaceae Buckella thurstonii (Hemsl.) Lam Endemic 

993. Sapotaceae Palaquium fidjiense Pierre ex Dubard Endemic 

994. Sapotaceae Palaquium hornei (Hartog ex Baker) Dubard Endemic 

995. Sapotaceae Palaquium porphyreum A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

996. Sapotaceae Palaquium vitilevuense Gilly ex van Royen Endemic 

997. Sapotaceae Manilkara dissecta (L.f.) Dubard Indigenous 

998. Sapotaceae Manilkara smithiana Lam & Maas Geester. Endemic 

999. Sapotaceae Manilkara vitiensis (Lam & van Olden) Meeuse Endemic 

1000. 6 Sapotaceae Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen Exotic 

1001. 6 Sapotaceae Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard Exotic 

1002. 6 Sapotaceae Mimusops elengi L. Exotic 

1003. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa corylifolia A. Gray Endemic 

1004. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa pickeringii A.Gray Endemic 

1005. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa tabacifolia Mez Indigenous 

1006. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa insularis Gillespie Endemic 

1007. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa tongensis Mez Indigenous 

1008. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa persicifolia A. Gray Endemic 

57

1009. 6 Myrsinaceae Maesa vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

1010. 6 Myrsinaceae Ardisia brackenridgei (A.Gray) Mez Endemic 

1011. 6 Myrsinaceae Ardisia crispa (Thunb.) A.DC. Exotic 

1012. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma capitatum (A.Gray) Mez Endemic 

1013. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma megaphyllum (Hemsl.) Mez Endemic 

1014. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma hornei Mez Endemic 

1015. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma divaricatum (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1016. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma ligulifolium A.C.Smith Endemic 

1017. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma clavatum Mez Endemic 

1018. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma ampliflorum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1019. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma chloranthum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1020. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma multiflorum (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1021. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma grande (Seem.) Mez Endemic 

1022. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma babucense Mez Endemic 

1023. 6 Myrsinaceae Tapeinosperma greenwoodii A.C.Smith Endemic 

1024. 6 Myrsinaceae Dioscocalyx fusca Gibbs Endemic 

1025. 6 Myrsinaceae Dioscocalyx amplifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

1026. 6 Myrsinaceae Dioscocalyx crinita A.C.Smith Endemic 

1027. 6 Myrsinaceae Embelia gracilis Turrill Endemic 

1028. 6 Myrsinaceae Rapanea myricifolia (A.Gray) Mez Indigenous 

1029. 6 Myrsinaceae Rapanea crassiramea A.C.Smith Endemic 

1030. 6 Myrsinaceae Rapanea polyantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1031. 6 Myrsinaceae Rapanea hadrocarpa A.C.Smith Endemic 

1032. 1 Cunoniaceae Spiraeanthemum graeffei Seem. Endemic 

1033. 2 Cunoniaceae Spiraeanthemum serratum Gillespie Endemic 

1034. 3 Cunoniaceae Spiraeanthemum katakata Seem. Endemic 

1035. 4 Cunoniaceae Acsmithia vitiensis (A.Gray) Hoogl. Endemic 

1036. 5 Cunoniaceae Geissois superba Gillespie Endemic 

1037. 6 Cunoniaceae Geissois imthurnii Turrill Endemic 

58

1038. 7 Cunoniaceae Geissois stipularis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1039. 8 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata A. Gray Endemic 

1040. 9 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata var.ternata Possibly endemic 

1041. 1 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata var.glabrior A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

1042. 1 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata var.serrata A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

1043. 1 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata var.minor A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

1044. 1 Cunoniaceae Weinmannia affinis A. Gray Endemic 

1045. 1 Cunoniaceae Weinmannia spiraeoides A. Gray Endemic 

1046. 1 Cunoniaceae Weinmannia richi A. Gray Endemic 

1047. 1 Cunoniaceae Weinmannia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

1048. 1 Cunoniaceae Weinmannia exigua A.C.Smith Endemic 

1049. 1 Cunoniaceae Pullea perryana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1050. 1 Davidsoniaceae Davidsonia pruriens F.v.Muell.var.pruriens Indigenous 

1051. 2 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum rhytidocarpum A. Gray Endemic 

1052. 2 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum oligodontum Gillespie Endemic 

1053. 2 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum arborescens Rich ex A. Gray Indigenous 

1054. 2 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum pickeringii A. Gray Endemic 

1055. 2 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum brackenridgei A. Gray Indigenous 

1056. 2 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum phillyraeoides DC. Exotic 

1057. 2 Crassulaceae Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Indigenous 

1058. 2 Rosaceae Fragaria x ananassa Duchesne Exotic 

1059. 2 Rosaceae Rosa damascena Mill. Indigenous 

1060. 2 Rosaceae Rosa moluccanus L. var.austropacificus van Royen Indigenous 

1061. 3 Rosaceae Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.)Lindl. Exotic 

1062. 3 Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanus icaco L. Exotic 

1063. 3 Chrysobalanaceae Parinari insularum A. Gray Indigenous 

1064. 3 Chrysobalanaceae Atuna racemosa Raf. Indigenous 

1065. 3 Chrysobalanaceae Atuna elliptica (Kostermans) Kostermans Endemic 

1066. 3 Mimosaceae Parkia parrii Horne ex Baker Endemic 

59

1067. 3 Mimosaceae Adenathera pavonia L. Exotic 

1068. 3 Mimosaceae Entada phaseoioides (L.) Merr. Indigenous 

1069. 3 Mimosaceae Mimosa pudica L. var.unijuga (Duchass.&Walp.)Griseb. Indigenous 

1070. 3 Mimosaceae Mimosa invisa Mart.ex Colla var.invisa Exotic 

1071. 4 Mimosaceae Mimosa invisa Mart.ex Colla var.inermis Adelb. Exotic 

1072. 4 Mimosaceae Mimosa bimucronata (DC.)Kuntze Exotic 

1073. 4 Mimosaceae Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Indigenous 

1074. 4 Mimosaceae Schleinitzia insularum (Guillemin) Burkart Indigenous 

1075. 4 Mimosaceae Desmanthus virgatus (L.) Willd. Indigenous 

1076. 4 Mimosaceae Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Exotic 

1077. 4 Mimosaceae Acasia curassavica (Britton & Killip) Stehle Exotic 

1078. 4 Mimosaceae Acasia polystachya A.Cunn.ex Benth Exotic 

1079. 4 Mimosaceae Acasia pendula A.Cunn.ex G.Don Exotic 

1080. 4 Mimosaceae Acasia simplex (Sparrman) Pedley Exotic 

1081. 5 Mimosaceae Acasia mathuataensis A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

1082. 5 Mimosaceae Acasia richii A. Gray Endemic 

1083. 5 Mimosaceae Albizia falcataria (L.)Fosberg Exotic 

1084. 5 Mimosaceae Albizia saponaria (Lour.) Bl. ex Miq. Exotic 

1085. 5 Mimosaceae Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Exotic 

1086. 5 Mimosaceae Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Exotic 

1087. 5 Mimosaceae Albizia saman (Jacq.) F.v.Muell. Exotic 

1088. 5 Mimosaceae Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. Exotic 

1089. 5 Mimosaceae Calliandra surinamensis Benth. Exotic 

1090. 5 Mimosaceae Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Exotic 

1091. 6 Mimosaceae Serianthes melanesica Fosberg var.melanesica Endemic 

1092. 6 Mimosaceae Serianthes melanesica Fosberg var.meeboldi Fosberg Endemic 

1093. 6 Mimosaceae Serianthes vitiensis A. Gray Endemic 

1094. 6 Caesalpiniaceae Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex K.Heyne Exotic 

1095. 6 Caesalpiniaceae Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. Endemic 

60

1096. 6 Caesalpiniaceae Colvillea racemosa Bojer ex Hook. Endemic 

1097. 6 Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Exotic 

1098. 6 Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia bondue (L.) Roxb. Indigenous 

1099. 6 Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia major (Medik.) Dandy & Exell Indigenous 

1100. 6 Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. Exotic 

1101. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston Exotic 

1102. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Caesalpinia sappan L. Exotic 

1103. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Haematoxylum campechianum L. Exotic 

1104. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Ceratonia siliqua L. Exotic 

1105. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Storckiella vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

1106. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia fistula L. Exotic 

1107. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia brewsteri (F.v.Muell.) Benth. Exotic 

1108. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia grandis L.f. Exotic 

1109. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia javanica L. Exotic 

1110. 7 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia javanica var.javanica Exotic 

1111. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia javanica var.indochinensis Gagnepain Exotic 

1112. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Cassia roxburghii DC. Exotic 

1113. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Senna sulfurea (DC. ex Colladon) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

1114. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Senna glanduligera (St.John) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1115. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Senna slamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

1116. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Senna bacillaris (L.f.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

1117. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Exotic 

1118. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

1119. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Senna hirsuta (L.) Irwin & Barneby Indigenous 

1120. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Indigenous 

1121. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. Indigenous 

1122. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Exotic 

1123. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

1124. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna multijuga (L.C.Rich.) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

61

1125. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna multijuga subsp. lindleyana (Gardner) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

1126. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna pallida (Vahl) Irwin & Barneby Indigenous 

1127. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Senna pallida var.bahamensis Irwin & Barneby Possibly exotic 

1128. 9 Caesalpiniaceae Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench Exotic 

1129. 8 Caesalpiniaceae Chamaecrista nictitans var.glabrata (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

1130. Caesalpiniaceae Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene Exotic 

1131. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia monandra Kurz Exotic 

1132. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia tomentosa L. Exotic 

1133. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia purpurea L. Exotic 

1134. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia variegata L. Exotic 

1135. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia variegata var.variegata Exotic 

1136. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia variegata var.candida Voigt Exotic 

1137. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra cauliflora L. Exotic 

1138. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra falcata A.Gray Endemic 

1139. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra insularis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1140. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa grandiflora (A.Gray) Scheffer Indigenous 

1141. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa minor A.C.Smith Endemic 

1142. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa floribunda A.C.Smith Endemic 

1143. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa vestita A.C.Smith Endemic 

1144. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Lysidice rhodostegia Hance Exotic 

1145. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de Wilde Exotic 

1146. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Instia bijuga (Colebr.) Kuntze Indigenous 

1147. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Kingiodendron platycarpum B.L.Burtt Endemic 

1148. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Brownea spp. Exotic 

1149. 1 Caesalpiniaceae Tamarindus indica L. Exotic 

1150. 1 Fabaceae Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms var.pereirae (Royle) Harms Exotic 

1151. 1 Fabaceae Castanospermum australe Cunn. & Fraser ex Hook. Exotic 

1152. 1 Fabaceae Ormosia monosperma (Sw.) Urb. Exotic 

1153. 1 Fabaceae Sphora tomentosa L. Indigenous 

62

1154. 1 Fabaceae Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. Exotic 

1155. 1 Fabaceae Andira inermis (Wright) DC. Exotic 

1156. 1 Fabaceae Dalbergia candenatensis (Dennst.) Prain Indigenous 

1157. 1 Fabaceae Pterocarpus indicus Willd. Exotic 

1158. 1 Fabaceae Inocarpus fagifer (Parkinson) Fosberg Exotic 

1159. 1 Fabaceae Arbrus precatorius L. Exotic 

1160. 1 Fabaceae Derris microphylla (Miq.) B.D.Jackson Exotic 

1161. 1 Fabaceae Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. Exotic 

1162. 1 Fabaceae Derris trifoliata Lour. Possibly indigenous 

1163. 1 Fabaceae Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. Exotic 

1164. 1 Fabaceae Derris malaccensis (Benth.) Prain Exotic 

1165. 1 Fabaceae Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) DC. Exotic 

1166. 1 Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Indigenous 

1167. 1 Fabaceae Tephrosia noctiflora Bojer ex Baker Exotic 

1168. 1 Fabaceae Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. Exotic 

1169. 1 Fabaceae Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Exotic 

1170. 1 Fabaceae Gliricida sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp Exotic 

1171. 1 Fabaceae Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir. Exotic 

1172. 1 Fabaceae Sesbania coccinea (L.f.) Poir. Indigenous 

1173. 1 Fabaceae Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W.F.Wight Exotic 

1174. 1 Fabaceae Sesbania bispinosa var.micrantha (Chiov.) J.B.Gillett Exotic 

1175. 1 Fabaceae Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Poir. Exotic 

1176. 1 Fabaceae Indigofera trita L.f. Exotic 

1177. 1 Fabaceae Indigofera trita var.scabra (Roth) Ali Exotic 

1178. 1 Fabaceae Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Exotic 

1179. 1 Fabaceae Indigofera tinctoria L. Exotic 

1180. 1 Fabaceae Indigofera hirsuta L. Exotic 

1181. 1 Fabaceae Indigofera spicata Forssk. Exotic 

1182. 1 Fabaceae Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Exotic 

63

1183. 1 Fabaceae Dendrobium umbellatum (L.) Benth. Indigenous 

1184. 1 Fabaceae Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Exotic 

1185. 1 Fabaceae Desmodium scorpiurus (Sw.) Desv. Exotic 

1186. 1 Fabaceae Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC. Exotic 

1187. 1 Fabaceae Desmodium incanum DC. Exotic 

1188. 1 Fabaceae Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. Indigenous 

1189. 1 Fabaceae Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC. var.strigosum van Meeuwen Exotic 

1190. 1 Fabaceae Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. Exotic 

1191. 1 Fabaceae Desmodium heterophyllum (Willd.) DC. Exotic 

1192. 1 Fabaceae Codariocalyx gyroides (Roxb.ex Link) Hassk. Exotic 

1193. 1 Fabaceae Uraria lagopodoides (L.) Desv. ex DC. Indigenous 

1194. 1 Fabaceae Christia vespertilionis (L.f.) Bakh.f. Exotic 

1195. 1 Fabaceae Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. Exotic 

1196. 1 Fabaceae Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don Exotic 

1197. 1 Fabaceae Erythrina fusca Lour. Indigenous 

1198. 1 Fabaceae Erythrina x bidwillii Lindl. Exotic 

1199. 1 Fabaceae Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. Exotic 

1200. 1 Fabaceae Erythrina variegata L. Exotic 

1201. 1 Fabaceae Strongylodon lucidus (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 

1202. 1 Fabaceae Strongylodon macrobotrys A.Gray Exotic 

1203. 1 Fabaceae Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Exotic 

1204. 1 Fabaceae Mucuna pruriens subsp.pruriens var.utilis (Wight) Burck Exotic 

1205. 1 Fabaceae Mucuna novo-guineensis Scheffer Exotic 

1206. 1 Fabaceae Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. Indigenous 

1207. 1 Fabaceae Mucuna platyphylia A.Gray Indigenous 

1208. 1 Fabaceae Mucuna stanleyi C.T.White Indigenous 

1209. 1 Fabaceae Macropsychanthus lauterbachii Harms subsp.parviflorus Verdcourt Indigenous 

1210. 1 Fabaceae Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. Exotic 

1211. 1 Fabaceae Canavalia cathartica Thou. Exotic 

64

1212. 1 Fabaceae Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC. Indigenous 

1213. 1 Fabaceae Canavalia sericea A.Gray Exotic 

1214. 1 Fabaceae Canavalia vitiensis Sauer Endemic 

1215. 1 Fabaceae Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb. Exotic 

1216. 1 Fabaceae Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. Exotic 

1217. 1 Fabaceae Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Exotic 

1218. 1 Fabaceae Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. Exotic 

1219. 1 Fabaceae Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth ex Seem. Exotic 

1220. 1 Fabaceae Glycine max (L.) Merr. Exotic 

1221. 1 Fabaceae Neonotonia wightii (Arn. In Wight & Arn.) Lackey Exotic 

1222. 1 Fabaceae Teramnus labialis (L.f.) Spreng Exotic 

1223. 1 Fabaceae Centrosema pubescens Benth. Exotic 

1224. 1 Fabaceae Clitoria ternatea L. Indigenous 

1225. 1 Fabaceae Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. Exotic 

1226. 1 Fabaceae Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet Possibly exotic 

1227. 1 Fabaceae Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdcourt Exotic 

1228. 1 Fabaceae Macrotyloma axillare (E.Meyer) Verdcourt Exotic 

1229. 1 Fabaceae Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal Exotic 

1230. 1 Fabaceae Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi & Ohashi Exotic 

1231. 2 Fabaceae Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper Exotic 

1232. 2 Fabaceae Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek Exotic 

1233. 2 Fabaceae Vigna reflexo-pilosa Hayata Indigenous 

1234. 2 Fabaceae Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Exotic 

1235. 2 Fabaceae Vigna unguiculata subsp.unguiculata Exotic 

1236. 2 Fabaceae Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica (L.) Eselt Exotic 

1237. 2 Fabaceae Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt Exotic 

1238. 2 Fabaceae Vigna marina (Burm.) Merr. Indigenous 

1239. 2 Fabaceae Vigna adenantha (G.F.W.Meyer) Marechal Possibly exotic 

1240. 2 Fabaceae Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Exotic 

65

1241. 2 Fabaceae Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. Exotic 

1242. 2 Fabaceae Phaseolus lunatus L. Exotic 

1243. 2 Fabaceae Phaseolus vulgaris L. Exotic 

1244. 2 Fabaceae Phaseolus coccineus L. Exotic 

1245. 2 Fabaceae Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth Possibly exotic 

1246. 2 Fabaceae Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth. Exotic 

1247. 2 Fabaceae Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merr. Exotic 

1248. 2 Fabaceae Rhynchosia minima (L.)DC. Exotic 

1249. 2 Fabaceae Ormocarpum orientale (Spreng.) Merr. Indigenous 

1250. 2 Fabaceae Aeschnomene indica L. Exotic 

1251. 2 Fabaceae Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. Exotic 

1252. 2 Fabaceae Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.Nova Exotic 

1253. 2 Fabaceae Arachis hypogaea L. Exotic 

1254. 2 Fabaceae Vicia faba L. Exotic 

1255. 2 Fabaceae Lathyrus odoratus L. Exotic 

1256. 2 Fabaceae Lens culinaris Medik. Exotic 

1257. 2 Fabaceae Pisum sativum L. Exotic 

1258. 2 Fabaceae Cicer arietinum L. Exotic 

1259. 2 Fabaceae Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Exotic 

1260. 2 Fabaceae Medicago sativa L. Exotic 

1261. 2 Fabaceae Trifolium repens L. Exotic 

1262. 2 Fabaceae Crotalaria retusa L. Exotic 

1263. 2 Fabaceae Crotalaria juncea L. Exotic 

1264. 2 Fabaceae Crotolaria incana L. Exotic 

1265. 2 Fabaceae Crotolaria incana subsp. purpurascens (Lam.) Milne-Redh. Exotic 

1266. 2 Fabaceae Crotalaria pallida Ait. Exotic 

1267. 2 Fabaceae Crotalaria pallida var. obovata (G.Don.) Polhill Possibly indigenous 

1268. 2 Fabaceae Crotalaria anagyroides H.B.K.Nova Exotic 

1269. 2 Fabaceae Crotalaria quinquefolia L. Exotic 

66

1270. 2 Fabaceae Crotalaria grahamiana Wight & Arn. Exotic 

1271. 2 Fabaceae Lotononis bainesii Baker Exotic 

1272. 2 Connaraceae Rourea minor (Gaertn.) Alston Indigenous 

1273. 2 Connaraceae Connarus pickeringii A.Gray Endemic 

1274. 2 Lythraceae Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) Macbr. Exotic 

1275. 2 Lythraceae Cuphea hyssopifolia H.B.K.Nova Exotic 

1276. 2 Lythraceae Cuphea llavea Lex. Exotic 

1277. 2 Lythraceae Cuphea micropetala H.B.K.Nova Exotic 

1278. 2 Lythraceae Cuphea ignea A.DC. Exotic 

1279. 2 Lythraceae Pemphis acidula J.R.&G.Forst. Indigenous 

1280. 2 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia indica L. Exotic 

1281. 2 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. Exotic 

1282. 2 Lythraceae Lawsonia inermis L. Exotic 

1283. 2 Myrtaceae Metrosideros collina var.villosa (L.f.) A.Gray Indigenous 

1284. 2 Myrtaceae Metrosideros collina var.collina Indigenous 

1285. 2 Myrtaceae Metrosideros collina var.fruiticosa J.W.Moore Indigenous 

1286. 2 Myrtaceae Metrodideros ochrantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1287. 2 Myrtaceae Syncarpia glomulifera (Sm.) Niedenzu Exotic 

1288. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus deglupta Bl. Exotic 

1289. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus leptophleba F.v.Muell. Exotic 

1290. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus creba F.v.Muell. Exotic 

1291. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus staigeriana F.v.Muell.ex F.M.Bailey Exotic 

1292. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. Exotic 

1293. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus botryoides Sm. x robusta Exotic 

1294. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus resinifera Sm. Exotic 

1295. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Exotic 

1296. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus torelliana F.v.Muell. Exotic 

1297. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus corymbosa Sm. Exotic 

1298. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus calophylla R.Br. Exotic 

67

1299. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus maculata Hook. Exotic 

1300. 2 Myrtaceae Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. Exotic 

1301. 2 Myrtaceae Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels Exotic 

1302. 2 Myrtaceae Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake Exotic 

1303. 2 Myrtaceae Melaleuca linariifolia Sm. Exotic 

1304. 2 Myrtaceae Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. Exotic 

1305. 2 Myrtaceae Pimenta racemosa (Mill.) J.W.Moore Exotic 

1306. 2 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava L. Exotic 

1307. 2 Myrtaceae Psidium cattleianum Sabine Exotic 

1308. 2 Myrtaceae Myrtus communis L. Exotic 

1309. 2 Myrtaceae Decaspermum vitiense (A.Gray) Niedenzu Endemic 

1310. 2 Myrtaceae Decaspermum cryptanthum A.J.Scott Endemic 

1311. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium wolfii (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1312. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium brackenridgei (A.Gray) C.Muell. Indigenous 

1313. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium dubium (Perry) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1314. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium oblongifolium (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1315. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium confertiflorum (A.Gray) C.Muell. Endemic 

1316. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Exotic 

1317. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium corynocarpum (A.Gray) C.Muell. Indigenous 

1318. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium diffusum (Turrill) Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1319. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium purpureum (Perry) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1320. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium effusum (A.Gray) c.Muell. Indigenous 

1321. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium minus A.C.Smith Endemic 

1322. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium seemannianum Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1323. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium curvistylum (Gillespie) Merr. & Perry Indigenous 

1324. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium fijiense Perry Endemic 

1325. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium phaeophyllum Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1326. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium rubescens (A.Gray) C.Muell. Endemic 

1327. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium amicorum (A.Gray) C.Muell. Possibly endemic 

68

1328. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium grayi (Seem.) Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1329. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium simillimum Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1330. 2 Myrtaceae Syzygium nidie Guillaumin Indigenous 

1331. Myrtaceae Syzygium leucanthum Perry Endemic 

1332. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium neurocalyx (A.Gray) Christopherson Indigenous 

1333. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium amplifolium Perry Endemic 

1334. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium gracilipes (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1335. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium richii (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry Indigenous 

1336. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium samarangense (Bl.) Merr. & Perry Exotic 

1337. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & Perry Exotic 

1338. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium quadrangulatum (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry Indigenous 

1339. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium nandarivatense (Gillespie) Perry Endemic 

1340. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium gillespie Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1341. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium tetrapleurum Perry Endemic 

1342. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Exotic 

1343. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry Possibly exotic 

1344. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium myrtoides (A. Gray) R. Schmid Syn. Cleistocalyx myrtoides (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry 

Syzygium seemannii (A. Gray) Biffin & Craven Syn. Cleistocalyx seemannii (A.Gray) Merr. & Perry 

Endemic 

1345. 3 Myrtaceae 

var. seemannii 

Syzygium seemannii (A. Gray) Biffin & Craven Syn. Cleistocalyx seemannii var. punctatus Merr. & 

Endemic 


Perry 

Syzygium seemannii (A. Gray) Biffin & Craven Syn. Cleistocalyx ellipticus (A.C.Smith) Merr. & 

Endemic 


Perry 

Syzygium seemannii (A. Gray) Biffin & Craven Syn. Cleistocalyx longiflorus (A.C.Smith) Merr. & 

Endemic 


Perry 

Syzygium eugenioides (Merr. & L.M. Perry) Biffin & Craven Syn. Cleistocalyx eugenioides Merr. & 

Endemic 


Perry Endemic 

1350. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium seemannii (A. Gray) Biffin & Craven Syn. Cleistocalyx kasiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1351. 3 Myrtaceae Syzygium decussates (A.C. Sm.) Biffin & Craven Syn. Cleistocalyx decussatus A.C.Smith Endemic 

1352. 3 Myrtaceae Piliocalyx concinnus A.C.Smith Endemic 

1353. 3 Myrtaceae Eugenia uniflora L. Exotic 

69

1354. 3 Myrtaceae Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. Exotic 

1355. 3 Myrtaceae Jossinia reinwardtiana (Bl.) Bl. Indigenous 

1356. 3 Punicaceae Punica granatum L. Exotic 

1357. 3 Onagraceae Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven subsp. octovalvis Indigenous 

1358. 3 Onagraceae Ludwigia octovalvis subsp.sessiliflora (M.Mitcheli) Raven Indigenous 

1359. 3 Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G.Don) Exell Indigenous 

1360. 3 Onagraceae Ludwigia peploides (H.B.K.) Raven subsp. peploides Indigenous 

1361. 3 Melastomataceae Tibouchina semidecandra (Schrank & Mart. ex DC.) Cogn. Exotic 

1362. 3 Melastomataceae Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana Exotic 

1363. 3 Melastomataceae Melastoma denticulatum Labill. Indigenous 

1364. 3 Melastomataceae Clidemia hirta (L.)D. Indigenous 

1365. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella longicymosa Gibbs Endemic 

1366. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella waterhousei Seem. Endemic 

1367. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella spectabilis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1368. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella heterophylla A.Gray Endemic 

1369. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella archboldiana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1370. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella kandavuensis A.C.Sm. Endemic 

1371. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella decora A.C.Smith Endemic 

1372. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella rhodochlaena A.Gray Endemic 

1373. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella subviridis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1374. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella kambikambi A.C.Smith Endemic 

1375. 3 Melastomataceae Medinella ovalifolia (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1376. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium saule A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

1377. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium confertiflorum (A.Gray) Markgraf Endemic 

1378. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium parviflorum A.Gray Endemic 

1379. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium floribundum (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1380. Melastomataceae Astronidium victoriae (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1381. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium inflatum (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1382. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium degeneri A.C.Sm. Endemic 

70

1383. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium macranthum (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1384. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium lepidotum A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

1385. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium robustum (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1386. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium sessile (A.C.Smith ) A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

1387. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium tomentosum (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1388. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium storckii Seem. Endemic 

1389. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium kasiense A.C.Smith Endemic 

1390. 3 Melastomataceae Astronidium pallidiflorum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1391. 3 Melastomataceae Memecylon vitiense A.Gray Indigenous 

1392. 3 Melastomataceae Memecylon insperratum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1393. 3 Combretaceae Combretum constrictum (Benth.) M.Lawson Exotic 

1394. 3 Combretaceae Quisqualis indica L. Exotic 

1395. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Exotic 

1396. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia brassil Excell Exotic 

1397. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1398. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia simulans A.C.Smith Endemic 

1399. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia pterocarpa Melville & P.Green Endemic 

1400. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia luteola A.C.Smith Endemic 

1401. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia strigillosa A.C.Smith Endemic 

1402. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia capitanea A.C.Smith Endemic 

1403. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia psilantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1404. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia crebrifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

1405. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Indigenous 

1406. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia richii A. Gray Exotic 

1407. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa L. Exotic 

1408. 3 Combretaceae Terminalia litoralis Seem. var. litoralis Indigenous 

1409. 3 Combretaceae Lumnitzera littorea (Jack) Voigt Indigenous 

1410. 3 Anacardiaceae Buchanania vitiensis Engl. Endemic 

1411. 3 Anacardiaceae Buchanania attenuata A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

71

1412. 3 Anacardiaceae Magnifera indica L. Exotic 

1413. 3 Anacardiaceae Anacardium occidentale L. Exotic 

1414. 3 Anacardiaceae Spondias dulcis Parkinson Exotic 

1415. 3 Anacardiaceae Dracontomelon vitiense Engl. Indigenous 

1416. 3 Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium timoriense (DC.) Leenh. Exotic 

1417. 3 Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium hapalum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1418. 3 Anacardiaceae Harpephyllum caffrum Bernhardi ex Krauss Exotic 

1419. 3 Anacardiaceae Pistacia chinensis Bunge Exotic 

1420. 3 Anacardiaceae Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Exotic 

1421. 3 Anacardiaceae Rhus simarubifolia A. Gray Indigenous 

1422. 3 Anacardiaceae Semecarpus vitiensis (A. Gray) Engl. Indigenous 

1423. 3 Burseraceae Haplolobus floribundus (K.Schum) Lam Indigenous 

1424. 3 Burseraceae Haplolobus floribundus subsp. salomonensis (C.T.White) Leenh. Indigenous 

1425. 3 Burseraceae Canarium harveyi Seem. Indigenous 

1426. 3 Burseraceae Canarium harveyi var. harveyi Indigenous 

1427. 3 Burseraceae Canarium harveyi var. scandens Leenh. Endemic 

1428. 3 Burseraceae Canarium indicum L. Exotic 

1429. 3 Burseraceae Canarium vulgare Leenh. Indigenous 

1430. 3 Burseraceae Canarium vanikoroense Leenh. Indigenous 

1431. 4 Burseraceae Canarium vitiense A. Gray Indigenous 

1432. 0 Simaroubaceae Amaroria soulameoides A. Gray Endemic 

1433. 4 Surianaceae Suriana maritima L. Indigenous 

1434. 4 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum pinnatum (J.R. & G.Forst.) W. Oliver Indigenous 

1435. 4 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum gillespieanum (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1436. 4 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum vitiense A.C.Smith Endemic 

1437. 4 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum myrianthum (A.C.Smith) Waterman Endemic 

1438. 4 Rutaceae Euodia hortensis J.R. & G.Forst. Exotic 

1439. 4 Rutaceae Euodia hortensis f. hortensis Exotic 

1440. 4 Rutaceae Euodia hortensis f. simplicifolia (Rechinger) K. Schum. ex Lauterb. Exotic 

72

1441. 4 Rutaceae Melicope seemannii (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1442. 4 Rutaceae Melicope cucullata (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1443. 4 Rutaceae Melicope cucullata var. cucullata Endemic 

1444. 4 Rutaceae Melicope cucullata var. robustor (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1445. 4 Rutaceae Melicope vitiensis (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1446. 4 Rutaceae Melicope vitiensis var. vitiensis Endemic 

1447. 4 Rutaceae Melicope vitiensis var. minor (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1448. 4 Rutaceae Melicope evansensis (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1449. 4 Rutaceae Melicope homoeophylla A.C.Smith Endemic 

1450. Rutaceae Melicope taveuniensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1451. 4 Rutaceae Melicope falviflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

1452. 4 Rutaceae Melicope robusta A.C.Smith Endemic 

1453. 4 Rutaceae Melicope capillacea (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1454. 4 Rutaceae Sarcomelicope petiolaris (A. Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1455. 4 Rutaceae Micromelum minutum (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 

1456. 4 Rutaceae Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Exotic 

1457. 4 Rutaceae Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Exotic 

1458. 4 Rutaceae Triphasia trifolia (Burm.f.) P.Wilson Exotic 

1459. 4 Rutaceae Wenzelia kambarae Swingle Endemic 

1460. 4 Rutaceae Citrus medica L. Exotic 

1461. 4 Rutaceae Citrus reticulata Blanco Exotic 

1462. 4 Rutaceae Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle Exotic 

1463. 4 Rutaceae Citrus aurantium L. Exotic 

1464. 4 Rutaceae Citrus sinensis (L.)Osbeck Exotic 

1465. 4 Rutaceae Citrus maxima (Burm.)Merr. Abo . intro 

1466. 4 Rutaceae Citrus x paradisi Macfad. Exotic 

1467. 4 Rutaceae Citrus macroptera Montr. Exotic 

1468. 4 Rutaceae Fortunella japonica (Thunb.) Swingle Exotic 

1469. 4 Rutaceae Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Possibly exotic 

73

1470. 4 Rutaceae Limonia acidissima L. Exotic 

1471. 4 Meliaceae Melia azedarach L. Exotic 

1472. 4 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica A.H.L. Exotic 

1473. 4 Meliaceae Vavaea amicorum Benth. Indigenous 

1474. 4 Meliaceae Vavaea harveyi Seem. Endemic 

1475. 4 Meliaceae Vavaea megaphylla C.H.Wright Endemic 

1476. 4 Meliaceae Vavaea degeneri A.C.Smith Endemic 

1477. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia haplophylla A.C.Smith Endemic 

1478. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia axillaris A.C.Smith Endemic 

1479. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia vitiensis A.C.Smith var. vitiensis Endemic 

1480. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia vitiensis var.minor A.C.Smith Endemic 

1481. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia gracilis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1482. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia amplexicaulis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1483. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia evansensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1484. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia saltatorum A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1485. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia elegans Gillespie Endemic 

1486. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia venusta A.C.Smith Endemic 

1487. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia basiphylla A.Gray Endemic 

1488. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia greenwoodii A.C.Smith Endemic 

1489. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia fragilis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1490. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia archboldiana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1491. 4 Meliaceae Aglaia parksii A.C.Smith Endemic 

1492. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum quercifolium (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1493. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum richii (A.Gray) C.DC. Endemic 

1494. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum aliquantulum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1495. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum myriandrum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1496. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum lenticellare Gillespie Endemic 

1497. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum gillespieanum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1498. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum seemannii Gillespie Endemic 

74

1499. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum tenuiflorum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1500. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum hornei var.hornei Endemic 

1501. 4 Meliaceae Dysoxylum hornei var. glabratum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1502. 4 Meliaceae Cedrela odorata L. Exotic 

1503. 4 Meliaceae Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC. Exotic 

1504. 4 Meliaceae Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.H.L. Exotic 

1505. 4 Meliaceae Swietenia macrophylla King Exotic 

1506. 4 Meliaceae Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. Exotic 

1507. 4 Meliaceae Xylocarpus granatum Koenig Indigenous 

1508. 4 Meliaceae Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M.Roem. Indigenous 

1509. 4 Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris L. Possibly exotic 

1510. 4 Sapindaceae Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Indigenous 

1511. 4 Sapindaceae Allophylus timoriensis (DC.) Bl. Indigenous 

1512. 4 Sapindaceae Allophyllus umbrinus A.C.Smith Endemic 

1513. 4 Sapindaceae Sapindus vitiensis A.Gray Indigenous 

1514. 4 Sapindaceae Litchi chinensis Sonnerat Exotic 

1515. 4 Sapindaceae Alectryon grandifolius A.C.Smith Endemic 

1516. 4 Sapindaceae Alectryon samoensis Christophersen Indigenous 

1517. 4 Sapindaceae Guioa rhoifolia (A.Gray) Radlk. Indigenous 

1518. 4 Sapindaceae Guioa chrysea A.C.Smith Endemic 

1519. 4 Sapindaceae Guioa capillacea A.C.Smith Endemic 

1520. 4 Sapindaceae Arytera brackenridgei (A.Gray) Radlk. Indigenous 

1521. 4 Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis concolor (Gillespie) Van der Ham Endemic 

1522. 4 Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis leptobotrys (A.Gray) Radlk. Endemic 

1523. 4 Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis amoena A.C.Smith Endemic 

1524. 4 Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis vitiensis Radlk. Endemic 

1525. 4 Sapindaceae Elattostachys falcata (A.Gray) Radlk. Indigenous 

1526. 4 Sapindaceae Elattostachys venosa A.C.Smith Endemic 

1527. 4 Sapindaceae Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

75

1528. 4 Sapindaceae Cossignia pacifica A.C.Smith Endemic 

1529. 4 Sapindaceae Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. Indigenous 

1530. 4 Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thw.ex Hook.f. Possibly exotic 

1531. 5 Sapindaceae Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk. Indigenous 

1532. 5 Coriariaceae Coriaria ruscifolia L. Indigenous 

1533. 5 Oxalidaceae Oxalis barrelieri L. Indigenous 

1534. 5 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata L. Exotic 

1535. 5 Oxalidaceae Oxalis novae-guineensis Lourt. Indigenous 

1536. 5 Oxalidaceae Oxalis corymbosa DC. Exotic 

1537. 5 Oxalidaceae Averrhoa carambola L. Possibly exotic 

1538. 5 Oxalidaceae Averrhoa bilimbi L. Possibly exotic 

1539. 5 Balsaminaceae Impatiens wallerana Hook.f. Indigenous 

1540. 5 Balsaminaceae Impatiens balsamina L. Exotic 

1541. 5 Araliaceae Meryta tenuifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

1542. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias corticata Gibbs Endemic 

1543. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias multijuga (A.Gray) Harms Indigenous 

1544. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias scutellaria (Burm.f.) Fosberg Exotic 

1545. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias guilfoylei (Bull) L.H.Bailey var.guilfoylei Exotic 

1546. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias guilfoylei var. laciniata (Hort.) L.H.Bailey Possibly exotic 

1547. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias cumingiana (Presl) Fern.-Vill. Exotic 

1548. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias fruticosa (L.) Harms Exotic 

1549. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias joskei Gibbs Endemic 

1550. 5 Araliaceae Polyscias culminicola A.C.Smith Endemic 

1551. 5 Araliaceae Plerandra bakeriana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1552. 5 Araliaceae Plerandra grandiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

1553. 5 Araliaceae Plerandra victoriae Gibbs Endemic 

1554. 5 Araliaceae Plerandra vitiensis (Seem.) Baill. Endemic 

1555. 5 Araliaceae Plerandra grayi Seem. Endemic 

1556. 5 Araliaceae Plerandra pickeringii A.Gray Endemic 

76

1557. 5 Araliaceae Plerandra insolita A.C.Smith Endemic 

1558. 5 Araliaceae Schefflera euthytricha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1559. 5 Araliaceae Scheffelra vitiensis (A.Gray) Seem. Endemic 

1560. 5 Araliaceae Schefflera costata A.C.Smith Endemic 

1561. 5 Araliaceae Schefflera seemanniana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1562. 5 Araliaceae Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms Syn. Brassaia actinophylla Endl. Culltivated 

1563. 5 Apiaceae Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb. Indigenous 

1564. 5 Apiaceae Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Possibly indigenous 

1565. 5 Apiaceae Eryngium foetidum L. Exotic 

1566. 5 Apiaceae Daucus carota L. Exotic 

1567. 5 Apiaceae Coriandrum sativum L. Exotic 

1568. 5 Apiaceae Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F.v.Muell.ex Benth. Possibly exotic 

1569. 5 Apiaceae Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Exotic 

1570. 5 Apiaceae Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman ex Airy Shaw Exotic 

1571. 5 Linaceae Durandea vitiensis Stapf Endemic 

1572. 5 Celastraceae Celastrus richii A.Gray Endemic 

1573. 5 Celastraceae Maytenus vitiensis (A.Gray) DingHou Indigenous 

1574. 5 Celastraceae Cassine vitiensis (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1575. 5 Hippocrateaceae Salacia vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1576. 5 Hippocrateaceae Salacia pachycarpa A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1577. 5 Aquifoliaceae Ilex vitiensis A.Gray Endemic 

1578. 5 Icacinaceae Citronella vitiensis R.Howard Endemic 

1579. 5 Icacinaceae Medusanthera vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

1580. 5 Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum vitiense (Seem.) Engl. Indigenous 

1581. 5 Rhamnaceae Colubrina asiatica (L.) Brongn. Indigenous 

1582. 5 Rhamnaceae Emmenosperma micropetalum (A.C.Smith) M.Johnston Endemic 

1583. 5 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia zizyphoides (Spreng.) A.Gray Indigenous 

1584. 5 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia franguloides A.Gray Endemic 

1585. 5 Rhamnaceae Paliurus spina-christi Mill. Possibly indigenous 

77

1586. 5 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Exotic 

1587. 5 Rhamnaceae Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Exotic 

1588. 5 Rhamnaceae Rhamnella vitiensis (Benth.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1589. 5 Rhamnaceae Ventilago vitiensis A.Gray Indigenous 

1590. 5 Rhamnaceae Smythea lanceata (Tul.) Summerhayes Possibly exotic 

1591. 5 Rhamnaceae Gouania richii A.Gray Endemic 

1592. 5 Vitaceae Tetrastigma vitiense (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1593. 5 Vitaceae Cayratia seemanniana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1594. 5 Vitaceae Cayratia acuminata (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1595. 5 Leeaceae Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Indigenous 

1596. 5 Malpighiaceae Hiptage myrtifolia A.Gray Endemic 

1597. 5 Malpighiaceae Tristellateia australasiae A.Rich. Exotic 

1598. 5 Malpighiaceae Galphimia gracilis Bartling Exotic 

1599. 5 Malpighiaceae Malpighia coccigera L. Exotic 

1600. 5 Polygalaceae Polygala paniculata L. Exotic 

1601. 5 Alangiaceae Alangium vitiense (A.Gray) Baill. ex Harms Endemic 

1602. 5 Olacaceae Anacolosa lutea Gillespie Indigenous 

1603. 5 Olacaceae Ximenia americana L. Indigenous 

1604. 5 Santalaceae Exocarpos vitiensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1605. 5 Santalaceae Santalum yasi Seem. Indigenous 

1606. 5 Loranthaceae Decaisnina forsteriana (J.A.&J.H.Schultes) Indigenous 

1607. 5 Viscaceae Korthalsella horneana van Tieghem Endemic 

1608. 5 Viscaceae Korthalsella platycaula (van Tieghem) Engl. Indigenous 

1609. 5 Balanophoraceae Balanophora fungosa J.R.&G.Forst. subsp.fungosa Indigenous 

1610. 5 Proteaceae Grevillea banksii R.Br. Exotic 

1611. 5 Proteaceae Macadamia tetraphylla L.Johnson Exotic 

1612. 5 Proteaceae Turrillia vitiensis (Turrill) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1613. 5 Proteaceae Turrillia ferruginea (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1614. 1 Loganiaceae Geniostoma macrophyllum Gillespie Endemic 

78

1615. 2 Loganiaceae Geniostoma stipulare A.C.Smith Endemic 

1616. 3 Loganiaceae Geniostoma confertiflorum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1617. 4 Loganiaceae Geniostoma clavigerum A.C.Smith & Stone Endemic 

1618. 5 Loganiaceae Geniostoma uninervium A.C.Smith & Stone Endemic 

1619. 6 Loganiaceae Geniostoma vitiense Gilg & Benedict Indigenous 

1620. 7 Loganiaceae Geniostoma calcicola A.C.Smith Possibly endemic 

1621. 8 Loganiaceae Geniostoma rupestre J.R.&G.Forst. Indigenous 

1622. 9 Loganiaceae Geniostoma insulare A.C.Smith & Stone Indigenous 

1623. 1 Loganiaceae Strychnos vitiensis A.W.Hill Endemic 

1624. 1 Loganiaceae Neuburgia corynocarpa (A. Gray) Leenh. Indigenous 

1625. 1 Loganiaceae Neuburgia collina (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1626. 1 Loganiaceae Neuburgia alata (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1627. 1 Loganiaceae Neuburgia macroloba (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1628. 1 Loganiaceae Neuburgia macrocarpa (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1629. 1 Loganiaceae Fagraea berteroana A.Gray ex Benth. Indigenous 

1630. 1 Loganiaceae Fagraea gracilipes A.Gray Possibly endemic 

1631. 1 Apocynaceae Melodinus vitiensis Rolfe Indigenous 

1632. 1 Apocynaceae Melodinus glaber Turrill Indigenous 

1633. 2 Apocynaceae Ochrosia vitiensis (Markgraf) Pichon Indigenous 

1634. 2 Apocynaceae Neisosperma oppositifolium (Lam.) Fosberg & Sachet Indigenous 

1635. 2 Apocynaceae Alyxia stellata (J.R.&G.Forst.) Roemer & Schultes var.stellata Indigenous 

1636. 2 Apocynaceae Alyxia stellata var.amoena (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1637. 2 Apocynaceae Alyxia linearifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

1638. 2 Apocynaceae Alyxia erythrosperma Gillespie Endemic 

1639. 2 Apocynaceae Alyxia ovalifolia Gillespie Endemic 

1640. 2 Apocynaceae Alyxia bracteolosa A.Gray var. bracteolosa Indigenous 

1641. 2 Apocynaceae Alyxia bracteolosa var.macrocarpa A.Gray Endemic 

1642. 2 Apocynaceae Alyxia bracteolosa var.angustifolia A.Gray Indigenous 

1643. 3 Apocynaceae Alyxia bracteolosa var.retusa Markgraf Endemic 

79

1644. 3 Apocynaceae Alstonia montana Turrill Endemic 

1645. 3 Apocynaceae Alstonia pacifica (Seem.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1646. 3 Apocynaceae Alstonia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

1647. 3 Apocynaceae Alstonia vitiensis f.vitiensis Endemic 

1648. 3 Apocynaceae Alstonia vitiensis f.glabra A.C.Smith Endemic 

1649. 3 Apocynaceae Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G.Don. Exotic 

1650. 3 Apocynaceae Carruthersia scandens (Seem.) Endemic 

1651. 3 Apocynaceae Carruthersia latifolia Gillespie Endemic 

1652. 3 Apocynaceae Carruthersia macrantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1653. 4 Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus (L.) G.Don Endemic 

1654. 4 Apocynaceae Plumeria rubra L. Exotic 

1655. 4 Apocynaceae Plumeria rubra L.f.rubra Exotic 

1656. 4 Apocynaceae Plumeria rubra f. acutifolia (Poir.) Woodson Exotic 

1657. 4 Apocynaceae Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold Exotic 

1658. 4 Apocynaceae Cerbera manghas L. Indigenous 

1659. 4 Apocynaceae Pagiantha thurstonii (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1660. 4 Apocynaceae Ervatamia obtusiuscula Markgraf Indigenous 

1661. 4 Apocynaceae Ervatamia coronaria (Jacq.) Stapf Exotic 

1662. 4 Apocynaceae Allamanda cathartica L. Exotic 

1663. 5 Apocynaceae Allamanda cathartica cv.'Hendersonii' Exotic 

1664. 5 Apocynaceae Allamanda schottii Pohl Exotic 

1665. 5 Apocynaceae Allamanda violacea Gardner Exotic 

1666. 5 Apocynaceae Nerium oleander L. Exotic 

1667. 5 Apocynaceae Beaumontia grandiflora Wall. Exotic 

1668. 5 Apocynaceae Parsonsia laevis (A.Gray) Markgraf Indigenous 

1669. 5 Apocynaceae Parsonia smithii Markgraf Endemic 

1670. 5 Asclepiadaceae Asclepias curassavica L. Exotic 

1671. 5 Asclepiadaceae Calotropis gigantea (L.) Ait. Exotic 

1672. 5 Asclepiadaceae Stephanotis floribunda Brongn. Exotic 

80

1673. 6 Asclepiadaceae Tylophora brackenridgei A.Gray Endemic 

1674. 6 Asclepiadaceae Tylophora samoensis A.Gray Indigenous 

1675. 6 Asclepiadaceae Tylophora subnuda (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1676. 6 Asclepiadaceae Tylophora venulosa A.C.Smith Endemic 

1677. 6 Asclepiadaceae Leichardtia stenophylla (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1678. 6 Asclepiadaceae Hoya megalantha Turrill Endemic 

1679. 6 Asclepiadaceae Hoya australis R.Br. Possibly exotic 

1680. 6 Asclepiadaceae Hoya carnosa (L.f.) R.Br. Exotic 

1681. 6 Asclepiadaceae Hoya vitiensis Turrill Endemic 

1682. 6 Asclepiadaceae Hoya diptera Seem. Possibly endemic 

1683. 7 Oleaceae Jasminum grandiflorum L. Exotic 

1684. 7 Oleaceae Jasminum didymum Forst.f. subsp.didymum Indigenous 

1685. 7 Oleaceae Jasminum degeneri Kobuski Endemic 

1686. 7 Oleaceae Jasminum sessile A.C.Smith Endemic 

1687. 7 Oleaceae Jasminum simplicifolium Forst.f. subsp.simplicifolium Indigenous 

1688. 7 Oleaceae Jasminum betchei F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

1689. 7 Oleaceae Jasminum tetraquetrum A.Gray Endemic 

1690. 7 Oleaceae Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andrews Exotic 

1691. 7 Oleaceae Ligustrum sinense Lour. Exotic 

1692. 7 Oleaceae Chionanthus vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1693. 8 Rubiaceae Guettarda speciosa L. Indigenous 

1694. 8 Rubiaceae Antirhea smithii (Fosberg) Merr. & Perry Endemic 

1695. 8 Rubiaceae Antirhea inconspicua (Seem.) Christophersen Indigenous 

1696. 8 Rubiaceae Timonius affinis A.Gray Indigenous 

1697. 8 Rubiaceae Timonius affinis var.affinis Indigenous 

1698. 8 Rubiaceae Timonius affinis var.sapotifolius (A.Gray) Fosberg Endemic 

1699. 8 Rubiaceae Timonius polygamus (Forst.f.) Robinson Indigenous 

1700. 8 Rubiaceae Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild.) Merr. Exotic 

1701. 8 Rubiaceae Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. Exotic 

81

1702. 8 Rubiaceae Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Exotic 

1703. 9 Rubiaceae Neonauclea forsteri (Seem. ex Havil.) Merr. Indigenous 

1704. 9 Rubiaceae Dolicholobium macgregorii Horne ex Baker Endemic 

1705. 9 Rubiaceae Dolicholobium latifolium A.Gray Endemic 

1706. 9 Rubiaceae Dolicholobium oblongifolium A.Gray Endemic 

1707. 9 Rubiaceae Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Exotic 

1708. 9 Rubiaceae Rondeletia odorata Jacq. Exotic 

1709. 9 Rubiaceae Lindenia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

1710. 9 Rubiaceae Bikkia tetrandra (L.f.) A.Rich. Indigenous 

1711. 9 Rubiaceae Badusa corymbifera (Forst.f.) A.Gray Indigenous 

1712. 9 Rubiaceae Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumacher & Thonn. Exotic 

1713. 1 Rubiaceae Mussaenda raiateensis J.W.Moore Indigenous 

1714. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr. Exotic 

1715. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia taitensis DC. Indigenous 

1716. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia gordonii Baker Endemic 

1717. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia hutchinsoniana Turrill Endemic 

1718. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia candida A.C.Smith Endemic 

1719. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

1720. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia hillii Horne ex Baker Endemic 

1721. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia grievei Horne ex Baker Endemic 

1722. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia storckii Oliver Endemic 

1723. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia anapetes A.C.Smith Endemic 

1724. 1 Rubiaceae Sukunia longipes A.C.Smith Endemic 

1725. 1 Rubiaceae Sukunia pentagonioides (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1726. 1 Rubiaceae Porterandia tenuiflora (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

1727. 1 Rubiaceae Pelagodendron vitiense Seem. Endemic 

1728. 1 Rubiaceae Tarenna sambucina (Forst.f.) Durand ex Drake Indigenous 

1729. 1 Rubiaceae Tarenna seemanniana A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

1730. 1 Rubiaceae Tarenna joskei (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

82

1731. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora longifolia Sm. Exotic 

1732. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora siamensis Wallich ex G.Don Exotic 

1733. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora coccinea L. Exotic 

1734. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora lutea Hutchinson Exotic 

1735. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora finlaysonia Wallich ex G.Don Exotic 

1736. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora calcicola A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1737. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora vitiensis A.Gray Endemic 

1738. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora nandarivatensis Gillespie Endemic 

1739. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora pedionoma A.C.Smith Endemic 

1740. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora somosomaensis Gillespie Endemic 

1741. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora amplexicaulis Gillespie Endemic 

1742. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora pelagica Seem. Endemic 

1743. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora coronata A.C.Smith Endemic 

1744. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora storckii Seem. Endemic 

1745. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora carewii Horne ex Baker Endemic 

1746. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora maxima Seem. Endemic 

1747. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora pubifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

1748. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora greenwoodiana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1749. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora arestantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1750. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora myrsinoides A.C.Smith Endemic 

1751. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora tubiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

1752. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora harveyi (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1753. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora elegans Gillespie Endemic 

1754. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora prolixa A.C.Smith Endemic 

1755. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora decora A.C.Smith Endemic 

1756. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora myrtifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

1757. 1 Rubiaceae Ixora bullata Turrill Endemic 

1758. 1 Rubiaceae Coffea arabica L. Exotic 

1759. 1 Rubiaceae Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner Exotic 

83

1760. 1 Rubiaceae Coffea liberica Hiern. Exotic 

1761. 1 Rubiaceae Airosperma trichotomum (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1762. 1 Rubiaceae Airosperma vanuense S.Darwin Endemic 

1763. 1 Rubiaceae Psydrax odorata (Forst.f.) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Indigenous 

1764. 1 Rubiaceae Cyclophyllum barbatum (Forst.f.) A.C.Smith & S. Darwin Indigenous 

1765. 1 Rubiaceae Cyclophyllum sessilifolium (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1766. 1 Rubiaceae Cyclophyllum rectinervium (A.C.Smith) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

1767. 1 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron robustum A.C.Smith Endemic 

1768. 1 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron flavidum (Seem.) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1769. 1 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron pilosum A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1770. 1 Rubiaceae Hydnophytum grandiflorum Becc. Endemic 

1771. 1 Rubiaceae Hydnophytum longiflorum A.Gray Endemic 

1772. 1 Rubiaceae Hydnophytum wilkinsonii Horne ex Baker Endemic 

1773. 1 Rubiaceae Squamellaria imberbis (A.Gray) Becc. Endemic 

1774. 1 Rubiaceae Squamellaria wilsonii (Horne ex Baker) Becc. Endemic 

1775. 1 Rubiaceae Squamellaria major A.C.Smith Endemic 

1776. 1 Rubiaceae Geophila repens (L.) I.M.Johnston Indigenous 

1777. 1 Rubiaceae Readea membranacea Gillespie Endemic 

1778. 1 Rubiaceae Calycosia lageniformis (Gillespie) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1779. 1 Rubiaceae Calycosia macrocyatha Fosberg Endemic 

1780. 1 Rubiaceae Calycosia petiolata A.Gray Endemic 

1781. 1 Rubiaceae Calycosia callithrix A.C.Smith Endemic 

1782. 1 Rubiaceae Hedstromia latifolia A.C.Smith Endemic 

1783. 1 Rubiaceae Amaracarpus muscifer A.C.Smith Endemic 

1784. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria eumorphanthus Fosberg Endemic 

1785. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria leptantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1786. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria gracilior A.C.Smith Endemic 

1787. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria araiosantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1788. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria confertiloba A.C.Smith Endemic 

84

1789. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria macrocalyx A.Gray Endemic 

1790. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria vitiensis Fosberg Endemic 

1791. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria roseata (Fosberg) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1792. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria levuensis Gillespie Endemic 

1793. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria argantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1794. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria ampullacea A.C.Smith Endemic 

1795. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria tomaniviensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1796. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria prismoclavata (Fosberg) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1797. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria glabra (Turrill) Fosberg Endemic 

1798. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria fragrans (Gillespie) Fosberg Endemic 

1799. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria leucocalyx A.C.Smith Endemic 

1800. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria koroiveibaui A.C.Smith Endemic 

1801. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria calycosa A.Gray Endemic 

1802. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria gillespieana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1803. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria stenantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1804. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria brevicalyx Fosberg Endemic 

1805. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria nandarivatensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1806. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria pubiflora (A.Gray) Fosberg Endemic 

1807. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria crassiflora Fosberg Endemic 

1808. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria timonioides Fosberg Endemic 

1809. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria magnifica (Gillespie) Fosberg Endemic 

1810. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria jugalis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1811. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria rufocalyx Fosberg Endemic 

1812. 1 Rubiaceae Psychotria gibbsiae S.Moore Endemic 

1813. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria turbinata A.Gray Endemic 

1814. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria carnea (Forst.f.) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

1815. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria oncocarpa K.Schum Indigenous 

1816. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria hunteri (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1817. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria archboldiana Fosberg Endemic 

85

1818. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria incompta A.C.Smith Endemic 

1819. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria forsteriana A.Gray Indigenous 

1820. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria amoena A.C.Smith Endemic 

1821. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria leiophylla Merr. & Perry Indigenous 

1822. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria evansensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1823. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria cordata A.Gray Endemic 

1824. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria valleculata A.C.Smith Endemic 

1825. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria monocarpa Fosberg Endemic 

1826. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria pickeringii A.Gray Endemic 

1827. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria solanoides Turrill Endemic 

1828. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria bullata Seem. Endemic 

1829. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria kuruvolii A.C.Smith Endemic 

1830. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria tetragonoides Fosberg Endemic 

1831. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria filipes A.Gray Endemic 

1832. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria diffusiflora A.C.Smith Endemic 

1833. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria platycocca A.Gray Endemic 

1834. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria broweri Seem. Endemic 

1835. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria st.-johnii Fosberg Endemic 

1836. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria unicarinata (Fosberg) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

1837. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria brachythrix A.C.Smith Endemic 

1838. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria scitula A.C.Smith Endemic 

1839. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria griseifolia S.Moore Endemic 

1840. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria taviunensis Gillespie Endemic 

1841. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria podantha (Fosberg) A.C.Smith Endemic 

1842. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria furcans Fosberg Endemic 

1843. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria pritchardii Seem. Endemic 

1844. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria gracilis A. Gray Endemic 

1845. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria hypargyraea A.Gray Endemic 

1846. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria impercepta A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

86

1847. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria pachyantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1848. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria edentata A.C.Smith Endemic 

1849. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria aurantiocarpa Fosberg Endemic 

1850. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria brackenridgei A.Gray Endemic 

1851. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria imthurnii Turrill Endemic 

1852. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria pittosporifolia Fosberg Endemic 

1853. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria vomensis Gillespie Endemic 

1854. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria storckii Seem. Endemic 

1855. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria tephrosantha A.Gray Endemic 

1856. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria exilis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1857. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria parvula A.Gray Endemic 

1858. 2 Rubiaceae Psychotria macroserpens Fosberg Endemic 

1859. 2 Rubiaceae Morinda citrifolia L. Exotic 

1860. 2 Rubiaceae Morinda citrifolia L. cv.'Potteri' Exotic 

1861. 2 Rubiaceae Morinda grayi Seem. Endemic 

1862. 2 Rubiaceae Morinda myrtifolia A.Gray Indigenous 

1863. 2 Rubiaceae Morinda mollis A.Gray Endemic 

1864. 2 Rubiaceae Morinda bucidifolia A.Gray Endemic 

1865. 2 Rubiaceae Gynochtodes epiphytica (Rechinger) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Indigenous 

1866. 2 Rubiaceae Ophiorrhiza peploides A.Gray Endemic 

1867. 2 Rubiaceae Ophiorrhiza laxa A.Gray Endemic 

1868. 2 Rubiaceae Ophiorrhiza leptantha A.Gray Indigenous 

1869. 2 Rubiaceae Xanthophytum calycinum (A.Gray) Benth.& Hook.f.ex Drake Indigenous 

1870. 2 Rubiaceae Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers Exotic 

1871. 2 Rubiaceae Pentas lanceolata subsp. lanceolata Exotic 

1872. 2 Rubiaceae Pentas lanceolata subsp.quartiniana (A.Rich.) Verdcourt Exotic 

1873. 2 Rubiaceae Hedyotis lapeyrousii DC. Indigenous 

1874. 2 Rubiaceae Hedyotis foetida (Forst.f.) Sm. Indigenous 

1875. 2 Rubiaceae Hedyotis tenuifolia Sm. Indigenous 

87

1876. 2 Rubiaceae Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam. Indigenous 

1877. 2 Rubiaceae Hedyotis pumila L.f. Indigenous 

1878. 2 Rubiaceae Coprosma persicifolia A.Gray Endemic 

1879. 2 Rubiaceae Richardia scabra L. Exotic 

1880. 2 Rubiaceae Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon Exotic 

1881. 2 Rubiaceae Spremacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pavon Exotic 

1882. 2 Rubiaceae Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. Exotic 

1883. 2 Rubiaceae Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Exotic 

1884. 2 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera japonica Thunb. Exotic 

1885. 1 Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Scop. Exotic 

1886. 2 Solanaceae Solanum linnaeanum Hepper & P.M.Jaeger Exotic 

1887. 3 Solanaceae Solanum torvum Sw. Possibly exotic 

1888. 4 Solanaceae Solanum mammosum L. Exotic 

1889. 5 Solanaceae Solanum tuberrosum L. Exotic 

1890. 6 Solanaceae Solanum americanum Mill. Exotic 

1891. 7 Solanaceae Solanum melongena L. Exotic 

1892. 8 Solanaceae Solanum repandum Forst.f. Indigenous 

1893. 9 Solanaceae Solanum inamoenum Benth. Indigenous 

1894. 1 Solanaceae Solanum viridae Solander ex Forst.f. Indigenous 

1895. 1 Solanaceae Solanum viridae cv.'Anthropophagorum' Abo. intro 

1896. 1 Solanaceae Solanum sp. Possibly endemic 

1897. 1 Solanaceae Solanum vitiense Seem. Indigenous 

1898. 1 Solanaceae Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Exotic 

1899. 1 Solanaceae Capsicum frutescens L. Exotic 

1900. 1 Solanaceae Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum Exotic 

1901. 1 Solanaceae Physalis peruviana L. Exotic 

1902. 1 Solanaceae Physalis angulata L. Indigenous 

1903. 1 Solanaceae Datura metel L. Exotic 

1904. 2 Solanaceae Datura stramonium L. Exotic 

88

1905. 2 Solanaceae Brugmansia suaveolaens (Willd.) Bercht. & Presl Exotic 

1906. 2 Solanaceae Solandra maxima (Sesse & Moc.) P.S.Green Exotic 

1907. 2 Solanaceae Cestrum diurnum L. Exotic 

1908. 2 Solanaceae Cestrum nocturnum L. Exotic 

1909. 2 Solanaceae Nicotiana tabacum L. Exotic 

1910. 2 Solanaceae Petunia x hybrida Vilm. Exotic 

1911. 2 Solanaceae Browallia americana L. Exotic 

1912. 2 Solanaceae Brunfelsia americana L. Exotic 

1913. 2 Solanaceae Brunfelsia uniflora (Pohl) D.Don Exotic 

1914. 3 Convolvulaceae Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Indigenous 

1915. 3 Convolvulaceae Evolvulus alsinoides var.decumbens (R.Br.) van Ooststr. Exotic 

1916. 3 Convolvulaceae Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.) Choisy Indigenous 

1917. 3 Convolvulaceae Operculina turpethum (L.) A.Silva Manso Exotic 

1918. 3 Convolvulaceae Merremia quinquefolia (L.) Hall f. Exotic 

1919. 3 Convolvulaceae Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle Exotic 

1920. 3 Convolvulaceae Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hall f. Exotic 

1921. 3 Convolvulaceae Merremia umbellata (L.) Hall.f. Exotic 

1922. 3 Convolvulaceae Merremia umbellata subsp.orientalis (Hall f.) van Ooststr. Exotic 

1923. 3 Convolvulaceae Merremia peltata (L.) Merr. Indigenous 

1924. 4 Convolvulaceae Merremia pacifica van Ooststr. Indigenous 

1925. 4 Convolvulaceae Merremia calyculata van Ooststr. Endemic 

1926. 4 Convolvulaceae Stictocardia tiliifolia (Desr.) Hall.f. Exotic 

1927. 4 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea macrantha Roemer & Schultes Indigenous 

1928. 4 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea quamoclit L. Exotic 

1929. 4 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea hederifolia L. Exotic 

1930. 4 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea alba L. Possibly exotic 

1931. 4 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Indigenous 

1932. 4 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea fimbriosepala Choisy Indigenous 

1933. 4 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-capre (L.) R.Br. Indigenous 

89

1934. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-capre subsp.brasiliensis (L.) van Ooststr. Indigenous 

1935. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea indica (Burm.)Merr. Indigenous 

1936. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. Indigenous 

1937. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy Exotic 

1938. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea littoralis Bl. Indigenous 

1939. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Exotic 

1940. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet Exotic 

1941. 5 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker-Gawl. Indigenous 

1942. 5 Cuscutaceae Cuscuta campestris Yunker Indigenous 

1943. 5 Menyanthaceae Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze Indigenous 

1944. 6 Buddlejaceae Buddleja davidii Franch. Exotic 

1945. 6 Buddlejaceae Buddleja madagascariensis Lam. Exotic 

1946. 6 Scrophulariaceae Angelonia biflora Benth. Exotic 

1947. 6 Scrophulariaceae Angeolonia angustifolia Benth. Exotic 

1948. 6 Scrophulariaceae Antirrhinum majus L. Exotic 

1949. 6 Scrophulariaceae Russelia equisetiformis Schlechtendal Exotic 

1950. 6 Scrophulariaceae Mazus pumilis (Burm.f.) van Steenis Exotic 

1951. 6 Scrophulariaceae Scorparia dulcis L. Indigenous 

1952. 6 Scrophulariaceae Lindernia nummulariifolia (D.Don) Wettst. Exotic 

1953. 6 Scrophulariaceae Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

1954. 7 Scrophulariaceae Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston Exotic 

1955. 7 Scrophulariaceae Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston Exotic 

1956. 7 Scrophulariaceae Torenia fournieri Linden ex Fourn. Exotic 

1957. 7 Scrophulariaceae Torenia polygonoides Benth. Exotic 

1958. 7 Scrophulariaceae Limnophila fragans (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 

1959. 7 Scrophulariaceae Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr. Indigenous 

1960. 7 Gesneriaceae Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch Exotic 

1961. 7 Gesneriaceae Achimenes longoflora DC. Exotic 

1962. 7 Gesneriaceae Saintpaulia ionantha H.Wendl. Exotic 

90

1963. 7 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra cyathibracteata Gillett Possibly endemic 

1964. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra occulata A.C.Smith Endemic 

1965. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra cephalophora Gillespie Endemic 

1966. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

1967. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra amicta A.C.Smith Endemic 

1968. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra leucantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1969. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra chlorantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1970. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra milnei Seem. ex A.Gray Endemic 

1971. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra dolichocarpa A.Gray Endemic 

1972. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra multiseptata Gillespie Endemic 

1973. 8 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra ventricosa Gillett Endemic 

1974. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra acutangula Seem. Endemic 

1975. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra trichophylla A.C.Smith Endemic 

1976. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra muskarimba A.C.Smith Endemic 

1977. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra victoriae Gillespie Endemic 

1978. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra chippendalei Horne Endemic 

1979. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra tomentosa A.C.Smith Endemic 

1980. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra spathacea A.C.Smith Endemic 

1981. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra kandavuensis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1982. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra natewaensis Gillet Endemic 

1983. 9 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra involucrata Seem. Endemic 

1984. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra anthropophagorum Seem. Endemic 

1985. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra jugalis A.C.Smith Endemic 

1986. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra reticulata Gillett Endemic 

1987. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra esothrix A.C.Smith Endemic 

1988. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra hornei C.B.Clarke Endemic 

1989. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra taviunensis Gillespie Endemic 

1990. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra montana Gillespie Endemic 

1991. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra pritchardii Seem. Endemic 

91

1992. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra denhamii Seem. Endemic 

1993. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra tempestii Horne ex C.B.Clarke Endemic 

1994. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra ciliata Seem. Endemic 

1995. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra xanthantha A.C.Smith Endemic 

1996. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra aloisiana A.C.Smith Endemic 

1997. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra harveyi Seem. Endemic 

1998. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra coleoides Seem. Endemic 

1999. 1 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra pratii Gillespie Endemic 

2000. 1 Gesneriaceae Episcia cupreata (Hook.) Hanst. Exotic 

2001. 1 Acanthaceae Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T.Anders Indigenous 

2002. 1 Acanthaceae Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. Exotic 

2003. 1 Acanthaceae Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims Exotic 

2004. 1 Acanthaceae Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb.ex Rottler) Roxb. Exotic 

2005. 1 Acanthaceae Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. Exotic 

2006. 1 Acanthaceae Hemigraphis alternata (Burm.f.) T.Anders Exotic 

2007. 1 Acanthaceae Blechnum pyramdatum (Lam.) Urb. Exotic 

2008. 1 Acanthaceae Ruellia graecizans Backer Exotic 

2009. 1 Acanthaceae Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson Exotic 

2010. 1 Acanthaceae Barieria lupulina Lindl. Exotic 

2011. 1 Acanthaceae Barieria cristata L. Exotic 

2012. 1 Acanthaceae Cuscuta campestris Yunker Exotic 

2013. 1 Acanthaceae Sanchezia nobilis Hook.f. Exotic 

2014. 1 Acanthaceae Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roemer & Schultes Exotic 

2015. 1 Acanthaceae Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griffith Exotic 

2016. 1 Acanthaceae Graptophyllum insularum (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

2017. 1 Acanthaceae Graptophyllum repandum (A.Gray) A.C.Smith Endemic 

2018. 1 Acanthaceae Graptophyllum sessilifoilum A.C.Smith Endemic 

2019. 1 Acanthaceae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum (A.Gray) Hubbard Possibly endemic 

2020. 1 Acanthaceae Pseuderanthemum bicolor (Schrank) Radlk. Exotic 

92

2021. 1 Acanthaceae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin Exotic 

2022. 1 Acanthaceae Odontonema tubiforme (Bertol.) Kuntze Exotic 

2023. 1 Acanthaceae Justica brandegeeana Wassh.&L.B.Sm. Exotic 

2024. 1 Acanthaceae Justicia umbrosa Benth. Exotic 

2025. 1 Acanthaceae Justicia betonica L. Exotic 

2026. 1 Pedaliaceae Sesamum orientale L. Exotic 

2027. 1 Bignoniaceae Arrabidaea magnifica (Bull) Sprague ex van Steenis Exotic 

2028. 1 Bignoniaceae Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers Exotic 

2029. 1 Bignoniaceae Crescentia cujete L. Exotic 

2030. 1 Bignoniaceae Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Exotic 

2031. 1 Bignoniaceae Tabebuia pentaphylla (L.) Hemsl. Exotic 

2032. Bignoniaceae Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) G.Nichols. Exotic 

2033. 1 Bignoniaceae Spathodea campanulata Beauv. Exotic 

2034. 1 Bignoniaceae Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don Exotic 

2035. 1 Bignoniaceae Stereospermum colais (Buch.-Ham. ex Dillwyn) Mabberley Exotic 

2036. 1 Bignoniaceae Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.K. Exotic 

2037. 1 Plantaginaceae Plantago major L. Indigenous 

2038. 1 Boraginaceae Cordia subcordata Lam. Indigenous 

2039. 1 Boraginaceae Cordia sebestena L. Exotic 

2040. 1 Boraginaceae Cordia aspera Forst.f. Possibly exotic 

2041. 1 Boraginaceae Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pavon) Cham. ex DC. Exotic 

2042. 1 Boraginaceae Cordia myxa L. Exotic 

2043. 1 Boraginaceae Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl Exotic 

2044. 1 Boraginaceae Argusia argentea (L.f.) Heine Indigenous 

2045. 1 Boraginaceae Trichodesma zeylanicum (Burm.f.) R.Br. Exotic 

2046. 1 Boraginaceae Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & J.R.Drummond Exotic 

2047. 1 Boraginaceae Symphytum asperum Lepechin Exotic 

2048. 1 Verbenaceae Congea pedicellata Munir Exotic 

2049. 1 Verbenaceae Verbena bonariensis L. Exotic 

93

2050. 1 Verbenaceae Verbena brasiliensis Vell. Exotic 

2051. 1 Verbenaceae Stachytarpheta mutabilis (Jacq.) Vahl Exotic 

2052. 1 Verbenaceae Stachytarpheta urticaefolia (Salisb.) Sims Indigenous 

2053. 1 Verbenaceae Lantana camara L. Exotic 

2054. 1 Verbenaceae Lantana camara var.aculeata (L.) Moldenke Exotic 

2055. 1 Verbenaceae Lantana camara var.mista (L.) L.H.Bailey Exotic 

2056. 1 Verbenaceae Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briquet Exotic 

2057. 1 Verbenaceae Petrea volubilis L. Exotic 

2058. 1 Verbenaceae Duranta erecta L. Indigenous 

2059. 1 Verbenaceae Citharexylum spinosum L. Exotic 

2060. 1 Verbenaceae Tectona grandis L.f. Exotic 

2061. 1 Verbenaceae Vitex trifolia L.var.trifolia Indigenous 

2062. 1 Verbenaceae Vitex trifloia var.subtrisecta (Kuntze) Moldenke Indigenous 

2063. 1 Verbenaceae Viticipremna vitilevuensis Munir Endemic 

2064. 1 Verbenaceae Premna serratifolia L. Indigenous 

2065. 1 Verbenaceae Premna protrusa A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

2066. 1 Verbenaceae Faradaya vitiensis Seem. Endemic 

2067. 1 Verbenaceae Faradaya ampliflora A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

2068. 1 Verbenaceae Faradaya lehuntei (Horne ex Baker) A.C.Smith Indigenous 

2069. 1 Verbenaceae Faradaya ovalifolia (A.Gray) Seem. Endemic 

2070. 1 Verbenaceae Faradaya glabra (Moldenke) A.C.Smith & S.Darwin Endemic 

2071. 1 Verbenaceae Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. Exotic 

2072. 1 Verbenaceae Gmelina vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Sm. Endemic 

2073. 1 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. Exotic 

2074. 1 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum paniculatum L. Exotic 

2075. 1 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum ugandense Prain Exotic 

2076. 1 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum buchananii (Roxb.) Walp. Indigenous 

2077. 1 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum buchananii var.fallax (Lindl.) Bakh. Exotic 

2078. 1 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabberley Exotic 

94

2079. 1 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum thomsonae Balf.f. Exotic 

2080. 1 Verbenaceae Clerodendrum wallichii Merr. Exotic 

2081. 1 Verbenaceae Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz. Exotic 

2082. 1 Verbenaceae Holmskioldia tettensis (Kl.) Vatke Exotic 

2083. 1 Lamiaceae Teucrium vesicarium Mill. Exotic 

2084. 2 Lamiaceae Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit. Exotic 

2085. 2 Lamiaceae Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd. Exotic 

2086. 2 Lamiaceae Plectranthus forsteri Benth. Indigenous 

2087. 2 Lamiaceae Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng Exotic 

2088. 2 Lamiaceae Orthosiphon aristatus (Bl.) Miq. Exotic 

2089. 2 Lamiaceae Ocimum basilicum L. Possibly exotic 

2090. 2 Lamiaceae Ocimum tenuiflorum L. Exotic 

2091. 2 Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Exotic 

2092. 2 Lamiaceae Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. Exotic 

2093. 2 Lamiaceae Mentha x piperita L. Exotic 

2094. 2 Lamiaceae Mentha spicata L. Indigenous 

2095. 2 Lamiaceae Leucas cephalotes (Roth) Spreng Exotic 

2096. 2 Lamiaceae Leucas decemdentata (Willd.) Sm. Indigenous 

2097. 2 Lamiaceae Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. Indigenous 

2098. 2 Lamiaceae Salvia leucantha Cav. Exotic 

2099. 2 Lamiaceae Salvia uliginosa Benth. Exotic 

2100. 2 Lamiaceae Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schultes Exotic 

2101. 2 Lamiaceae Salvia coccinea B.Juss. ex Murr Exotic 

2102. 2 Campanulaceae Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don Exotic 

2103. 2 Campanulaceae Lobelia zeylanica L. Exotic 

2104. 2 Goodeniaceae Scaevola floribunda A.Gray Endemic 

2105. 2 Goodeniaceae Scaevola sericea Vahl Indigenous 

2106. 2 Asteraceae Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hook.f. Exotic 

2107. 2 Asteraceae Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze Exotic 

95

2108. 2 Asteraceae Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. Exotic 

2109. 2 Asteraceae Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B.Juss. ex Aubl.) C.F.Baker Exotic 

2110. 2 Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Exotic 

2111. 2 Asteraceae Vernonia insularum (A.Gray) Benth.& Hook.f.ex Drake Possibly endemic 

2112. 2 Asteraceae Sonchus arvensis L. Exotic 

2113. 2 Asteraceae Sonchus oleraceus L. Exotic 

2114. 2 Asteraceae Lactus sativa L. Exotic 

2115. 2 Asteraceae Youngia japonica (L.) DC. Exotic 

2116. 2 Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale Wiggers Exotic 

2117. 2 Asteraceae Sigesbeckia orientalus L. Exotic 

2118. 2 Asteraceae Zinnia violacea Cav. Exotic 

2119. 2 Asteraceae Wollastonia biflora (L.) DC. Indigenous 

2120. 2 Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.Mant. Indigenous 

2121. 2 Asteraceae Eleutheranthera ruderalis (Sw.) Schultz-Bip. Indigenous 

2122. 2 Asteraceae Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. Exotic 

2123. 2 Asteraceae Lagascea mollis Cav. Possibly exotic 

2124. 2 Asteraceae Helianthus tuberosus L. Exotic 

2125. 2 Asteraceae Helianthus argophyllus Torr. & A.Gray Exotic 

2126. 2 Asteraceae Helianthus annuus L. Exotic 

2127. 2 Asteraceae Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray Exotic 

2128. 2 Asteraceae Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) Blake Exotic 

2129. 2 Asteraceae Rudbeckia laciniata L. Exotic 

2130. 2 Asteraceae Bidens pilosa L. Exotic 

2131. 2 Asteraceae Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr.& Sherff Exotic 

2132. 2 Asteraceae Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Exotic 

2133. 2 Asteraceae Cosmos caudatus H.B.K. Exotic 

2134. 2 Asteraceae Cosmos sulphureus Cav. Exotic 

2135. 2 Asteraceae Dahlia pinnata Cav. Exotic 

2136. 2 Asteraceae Glossogyne tannensis (Spreng.) Garnock-Jones Indigenous 

96

2137. 2 Asteraceae Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. Indigenous 

2138. 2 Asteraceae Tridax procumbens L. Exotic 

2139. 2 Asteraceae Xanthium pungens Wallr. Exotic 

2140. 2 Asteraceae Xanthium spinosum L. Exotic 

2141. 2 Asteraceae Tagetes erecta L. Exotic 

2142. 2 Asteraceae Adenostemma viscosum J.R.&G.Forst. Exotic 

2143. 2 Asteraceae Adenostemma vitiense H.Robinson Endemic 

2144. 2 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides L. Exotic 

2145. 2 Asteraceae Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Exotic 

2146. 2 Asteraceae Mikania micrantha H.B.K. Exotic 

2147. 2 Asteraceae Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze Possibly exotic 

2148. 2 Asteraceae Keysseria pickeringii (A.Gray) Cabrera Endemic 

2149. 2 Asteraceae Solidago nemoralis Ait. Exotic 

2150. 2 Asteraceae Solidago nemoralis var.nemoralis Exotic 

2151. 2 Asteraceae Solidago nemoralis var.haleana Fernals Exotic 

2152. 2 Asteraceae Aster novi-belgii L. Exotic 

2153. 2 Asteraceae Aster laevis L. Exotic 

2154. 2 Asteraceae Aster subulatus Michx. Exotic 

2155. 2 Asteraceae Erigeron karvinskianus DC. Exotic 

2156. 2 Asteraceae Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist Exotic 

2157. 2 Asteraceae Conyza canadensis var.pusilla (Nuttall) Cronquist Exotic 

2158. 2 Asteraceae Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist Exotic 

2159. 2 Asteraceae Blumea milnei Seem. Indigenous 

2160. 2 Asteraceae Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Exotic 

2161. 2 Asteraceae Artemisia vulgaris L. Exotic 

2162. 2 Asteraceae Centipeda minima (L.) A.Braun & Aschers. Indigenous 

2163. 2 Asteraceae Erechtites valerianifolia (Wolf) DC. Exotic 

2164. 2 Asteraceae Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore Indigenous 

2165. 2 Asteraceae Emilia fosbergii Nicolson Exotic 

97

2166. 2 Asteraceae Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. var.sonchifolia Indigenous 

2167. 2 Asteraceae Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. var.javanica (Burm.f.) Mattf. Indigenous 

2168. 2 Orchidaceae Habenaria superflua Reichenb.f. Endemic 

2169. 2 Orchidaceae Habenaria supervacanea Reichenb.f. Endemic 

2170. 2 Orchidaceae Cynorkis fastigiata Thou. Exotic 

2171. 2 Orchidaceae Peristylus tradescantifolia (Reichenb.f.) Kores Indigenous 

2172. 2 Orchidaceae Peristylus maculifer (C.Schweinf.) Renz & Vodonaivalu Indigenous 

2173. 2 Orchidaceae Peristylus alifromis (C.Schweinf.) Renz & Vodonaivalu Endemic 

2174. 2 Orchidaceae Peristylus novoebudarum F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

2175. 2 Orchidaceae Cryptostylis arachnites (Bl.) Hassk. Indigenous 

2176. 2 Orchidaceae Vanilla planifolia Jackson Exotic 

2177. 2 Orchidaceae Pseudovanilla anomala (Ames & L.O.Williams) Garay Endemic 

2178. 2 Orchidaceae Nervilia aragoana Gaud. Indigenous 

2179. 2 Orchidaceae Nervilia punctata (Bl.) Makino Indigenous 

2180. 2 Orchidaceae Nervilia platychila Schlechter Indigenous 

2181. 2 Orchidaceae Epipogium roseum (D.Don) Lindl. Indigenous 

2182. 2 Orchidaceae Didymoplexis micradenia (Reichenb.f.) Hemsl. Indigenous 

2183. 2 Orchidaceae Goodyera vitiensis (L.O.Williams) Kores Endemic 

2184. 3 Orchidaceae Goodyera rubicunda (Bl.) Lindl. Indigenous 

2185. 3 Orchidaceae Pristiglottis longiflora (Reichenb.f.) Kores Indigenous 

2186. 3 Orchidaceae Pristiglottis degeneri (L.O.Williams) Kores Endemic 

2187. 3 Orchidaceae Erythrodes parvula Kores Indigenous 

2188. 3 Orchidaceae Erythrodes oxyglossa Schlechter Indigenous 

2189. 3 Orchidaceae Zeuxine stenophylla (Reichenb.f.) Benth. & Hook.f.ex Drake Indigenous 

2190. 3 Orchidaceae Zeuxine vieillardii (Reichenb.f.) Schlechter Indigenous 

2191. 3 Orchidaceae Anoectochilus imitans Schlechter Indigenous 

2192. 3 Orchidaceae Vrydagzynea samoana Schlechter Indigenous 

2193. 3 Orchidaceae Vrydagzynea vitiensis Reichenb.f.Otia Indigenous 

2194. 3 Orchidaceae Hetaeria oblongifolia Bl. Indigenous 

98

2195. 3 Orchidaceae Hetaeria whitmeei Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2196. 3 Orchidaceae Tropidia effusa Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2197. 3 Orchidaceae Corymborkis veratrifolia (Reinw.) Bl. Indigenous 

2198. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis comans C.Schweinf. Endemic 

2199. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis schlechteri (Rolfe) L.O.Williams Endemic 

2200. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis longifolia (Rolfe) L.O.Williams Endemic 

2201. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis radicicola (Rolfe) L.O.Williams Endemic 

2202. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis tetraloba (Schlechter) Kores Indigenous 

2203. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis brevidentata C.Schweinf. Indigenous 

2204. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis lunata (Schlechter) Ames Indigenous 

2205. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis latisepala (Rolfe) C.Schweinf. Endemic 

2206. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis resupinata (Forst.f.) Kuntze Indigenous 

2207. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis imthurnii (Rolfe) L.O.Williams Endemic 

2208. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis latisegmenta C.Schweinf. Indigenous 

2209. 3 Orchidaceae Malaxis platychila (Reichenb.f.) Kuntze Endemic 

2210. 3 Orchidaceae Oberonia equitans (Forst.f.) Mutel Indigenous 

2211. 3 Orchidaceae Oberonia titania Lindl. Indigenous 

2212. 3 Orchidaceae Oberonia heliophila Reichenb.f. Otia Indigenous 

2213. 3 Orchidaceae Liparis layardii F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

2214. 3 Orchidaceae Liparis disepala Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2215. 3 Orchidaceae Liparis caespitosa (Thou.) Lindl. Indigenous 

2216. 3 Orchidaceae Liparis elliptica Wight Indigenous 

2217. 3 Orchidaceae Liparis elegans Lindl. Indigenous 

2218. 3 Orchidaceae Liparis condylobulbon Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2219. 3 Orchidaceae Liparis orbiculata L.O.Williams Indigenous 

2220. 3 Orchidaceae Liparis gibbosa Finet Indigenous 

2221. 3 Orchidaceae Chrysoglossum vesicatum Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2222. 3 Orchidaceae Chrysoglossum ornatum Bl. Indigenous 

2223. 3 Orchidaceae Coelogyne lycastoides F.v.Muell.& Kraenzl. Indigenous 

99

2224. 3 Orchidaceae Coelogyne macdonaldii F.v.Muell.& Kraenzl. Indigenous 

2225. 3 Orchidaceae Arundina graminifolia (D.Don) Hochr. Exotic 

2226. 3 Orchidaceae Pseuderia platyphylla L.O.Williams Endemic 

2227. 3 Orchidaceae Cadetia hispida (A.Rich.) Schlechter Indigenous 

2228. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium vagans Schlechter Indigenous 

2229. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium macropus (Endl.) Reichenb. f.ex Lindl. Indigenous 

2230. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium macrophyllum A.Rich. Indigenous 

2231. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium platygastrium Reichenb.f.Otia Indigenous 

2232. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium purpureum Roxb. Indigenous 

2233. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium catillare Reichenb.f. Endemic 

2234. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium mohlianum Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2235. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium prasinum Lindl. Endemic 

2236. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium spathulatum L.O.Williams Endemic 

2237. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium tokai Reichenb.f. ex Seem. Indigenous 

2238. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium hornei Horne Endemic 

2239. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium vitiense Rolfe Endemic 

2240. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium crumenatum Sw. Exotic 

2241. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium kraenzlinii L.O.Williams Endemic 

2242. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium trilobulatum Kores Endemic 

2243. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium carnicarinum Kores Endemic 

2244. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium dactylodes Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2245. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium sladei J.J.Wood & Cribb Indigenous 

2246. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium biflorum (Forst.f.) Sw. Indigenous 

2247. 3 Orchidaceae Dendrobium unicarinatum Kores Endemic 

2248. 3 Orchidaceae Flickingeria comata (Bl.) A.Hawkes Indigenous 

2249. 3 Orchidaceae Diplocaulobium tipuliferum (Reichenb.f.) Kraenzl. Endemic 

2250. 3 Orchidaceae Eria bulbophylloides C.Schweinf. Endemic 

2251. 3 Orchidaceae Eria rostriflora Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2252. 3 Orchidaceae Eria robusta (Bl.) Lindl. Indigenous 

100

2253. 3 Orchidaceae Mediocalcar paradoxum (Kraenzl.) Schlechter Indigenous 

2254. 3 Orchidaceae Epiblastus sciadanthus (F.v.Muell.) Schlechter Indigenous 

2255. 3 Orchidaceae Agrostophyllum aristatum Kores Endemic 

2256. 3 Orchidaceae Agrostophyllum megalurum Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2257. 3 Orchidaceae Earina valida Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2258. 3 Orchidaceae Glomera montana Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2259. 3 Orchidaceae Glomera emarginata Kores Endemic 

2260. 3 Orchidaceae Glossorhyncha macdonaldii Schlechter Indigenous 

2261. 3 Orchidaceae Aglossorhyncha bilobula Kores Possibly endemic 

2262. 3 Orchidaceae Appendicula reflexa Bl. Indigenous 

2263. 3 Orchidaceae Appendicula pendula Bl. Indigenous 

2264. 3 Orchidaceae Appendicula bracteosa Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2265. 3 Orchidaceae Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames Indigenous 

2266. 3 Orchidaceae Calanthe alta Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2267. 3 Orchidaceae Calanthe imthurnii Kores Endemic 

2268. 3 Orchidaceae Calanthe hololeuca Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2269. 3 Orchidaceae Calanthe ventilabrum Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2270. 3 Orchidaceae Phaius tankarvilleae (Banks ex L'Her.) Bl. Indigenous 

2271. 3 Orchidaceae Phaius graeffei Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2272. 3 Orchidaceae Spathoglottis pacifica Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2273. 3 Orchidaceae Spathoglottis plicata Bl. Indigenous 

2274. 3 Orchidaceae Spathoglottis smithii Kores Endemic 

2275. 3 Orchidaceae Acanthephippium papuanum Schlechter Exotic 

2276. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum gracillimum (Rolfe) Rolfe Indigenous 

2277. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum longiflorum Thou. Indigenous 

2278. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum longiscapum Rolfe Indigenous 

2279. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum pachyanthum Schlechter Indigenous 

2280. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum savaiense Schlechter Indigenous 

2281. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum polypodioides Schlechter Indigenous 

101

2282. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum trachyanthum Kraenzl. Indigenous 

2283. 3 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum samoanum Schlechter Indigenous 

2284. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum simmondsii Kores Endemic 

2285. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum aristopetalum Kores Endemic 

2286. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum hassallii Kores Endemic 

2287. 4 Orchidaceae Bubophyllum amplistigmaticum Kores Endemic 

2288. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum aphanopetalum Schlechter Indigenous 

2289. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum rostriceps Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2290. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum betchei F.v.Muell. Indigenous 

2291. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum sessile (Koen.) J.J.Sm. Indigenous 

2292. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum hexarhopalos Schlechter Indigenous 

2293. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum quadricarinum Kores Endemic 

2294. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum incommodum Kores Endemic 

2295. 4 Orchidaceae Geodorum densiflorum (Lam.) Schlechter Indigenous 

2296. 4 Orchidaceae Eulophia pulchra (Thou.) Lindl. Indigenous 

2297. 4 Orchidaceae Eulophia nuda Lindl. Ex Wallich Indigenous 

2298. 4 Orchidaceae Grammatophyllum speciosum Bl. Exotic 

2299. 4 Orchidaceae Grammatophyllum elegans Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2300. 4 Orchidaceae Octarrhena oberonioides (Schlechter) Schlechter Indigenous 

2301. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia obtusa Schlechter Indigenous 

2302. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia hypsorhynchos Schlechter Indigenous 

2303. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia gillespiei Kores Endemic 

2304. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia bigibbula Kores Endemic 

2305. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia stenostachya (Reichenb.f.) Kraenzl. Indigenous 

2306. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia pentagona Kores Endemic 

2307. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia neocaledonica Schlechter Indigenous 

2308. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia flavovirens Kores Endemic 

2309. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia oreophylax Reichenb.f. Endemic 

2310. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia pachyphylla Schlechter Indigenous 

102

2311. 4 Orchidaceae Phreatia micrantha (A.Rich.) Schlechter Indigenous 

2312. 4 Orchidaceae Calymmanthera major Schlechter Indigenous 

2313. 4 Orchidaceae Thrixspermum graeffei Reichenb.f. Indigenous 

2314. 4 Orchidaceae Thrixspermum sp. Endemic 

2315. 4 Orchidaceae Sarcochilus williamsianus Kores Endemic 

2316. 4 Orchidaceae Chiloschista godeffroyana (Reichenb. f.) Schlechter Endemic 

2317. 4 Orchidaceae Luisia teretifolia Gaud. Indigenous 

2318. 4 Orchidaceae Papilionanthe teres (Roxb.) Schlechter Exotic 

2319. 4 Orchidaceae Papilionanthe 'Miss Joaquim' (P. teres (Roxb.)Schlechter x P. hookeriana (Reichenb.f.) Schlechter) Exotic 

2320. 4 Orchidaceae Sarcanthopsis nagarensis (Reichenb.f.) Garay Indigenous 

2321. 4 Orchidaceae Saccolabiopsis gillespiei (L.O.Williams) Garay Endemic 

2322. 4 Orchidaceae Trachoma papuanum (Schlechter)M.Clements Possibly endemic 

2323. 4 Orchidaceae Robiquetia bertholdii (Reichenb.f.) Schlechter Indigenous 

2324. 4 Orchidaceae Schoenorchis micrantha Reinw. ex Bl. Indigenous 

2325. 4 Orchidaceae Cleisostoma longipaniculatum Kores Indigenous 

2326. 4 Orchidaceae Pomatocalpa vaupelii (Schlechter) J.J.Sm. Indigenous 

2327. 4 Orchidaceae Microtatorchis samoensis Schlechter Indigenous 

2328. 4 Orchidaceae Microtatorchis smithii Kores Endemic 

2329. 4 Orchidaceae Taeniophyllum confusum Kores & Jonsson Endemic 

2330. 4 Orchidaceae Taeniophyllum fasciola (Forst.f.) Seem. Indigenous 

2331. 4 Orchidaceae Taeniophyllum smithii Kores & Jonsson Endemic 

2332. 4 Orchidaceae Taeniophyllum gracile (Rolfe) Garay Endemic 

2333. 4 Orchidaceae Dendrobium delicatulum Kraenzl. Indigenous 

2334. 4 Orchidaceae Dendrobium reineckei Schlechter Indigenous 

2335. 4 Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum phillipsianum Kores Endemic 

2336. 4 Phormiaceae Dianella adenanthera (Forst.f.) R.J.Henderson Indigenous 

2337. Phormiaceae Rhuacophila javanica Bl. Indigenous 

103

Preliminary checklist of recently introduced exotic species to Fiji that are potential ornamental species. Nomenclature after A. Whistler 

(1998). Confirmation of presence in Fiji by the Curator of the South Pacific Regional Herbarium, SUVA. 

Number Family Species Origin 

1. Acanthaceae Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley Exotic 

2. Acanthaceae Aphelandra sinclairiana Nees Exotic 

3. Acanthaceae Barleria cristata L. Exotic 

4. Acanthaceae Justicia carnea Lindley Exotic 

5. Acanthaceae Pachystachys lutea Nees Exotic 

6. Acanthaceae Pachystachys spicata (Ruiz & Pavon) Wasshausen Exotic 

7. Acanthaceae Sanchezia speciosa Leonard Exotic 

8. Acanthaceae Strobilanthes dyerianus Masters Exotic 

9. Acanthaceae Thunbergia mysorensis (Wight) T.Anderson Exotic 

10. Agavaceae Aloe vera L. Exotic 

11. Agavaceae Dracaena angustifolia Roxburgh Exotic 

12. Agavaceae Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker-Gawler Exotic 

13. Agavaceae Dracaena marginata Lamarck Exotic 

14. Agavaceae Yucca gloriosa L. Exotic 

15. Amaranthaceae Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze Exotic 

16. Amaranthaceae Celosia argentea L. Exotic 

17. Amaryllidaceae Agapanthus praecox Willdenow Exotic 

18. Amaryllidaceae Clivia miniata Regel Exotic 

19. Amaryllidaceae Crinum xanthophyllum Hannibal Exotic 

20. Amaryllidaceae Eucharis amazonica Linden ex Planchon Exotic 

21. Amaryllidaceae Hippeastrumpuniceum (Lamarck) Herbert Exotic 

22. Amaryllidaceae Hymenocallis pedalis Herbert Exotic 

23. Amaryllidaceae Molineria capitulata (Loureiro) Herbert Exotic 

104

24. Amaryllidaceae Proiphys amboinensis (L.) Herbert Exotic 

25. Amaryllidaceae Zephyranthes citrina Baker Exotic 

26. Amaryllidaceae Zephyranthes rosea (Sprengel) Lindley Exotic 

27. Apocynaceae Allamanda blanchetii A.L.P.P. de Candolle Exotic 

28. Apocynaceae Beaumontia multiflora Teijsmann & Binnendijk Exotic 

29. Apocynaceae Mandevilla x amabilis Dress Exotic 

30. Apocynaceae Plumbago obtusa L. Exotic 

31. Apocynaceae Plumeria obtusa L. Exotic 

32. Apocynaceae Stemmadenia litoralis (Kunth) Allorge Exotic 

33. Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R.Brown Exotic 

34. Apocynaceae Thevetia peruviana K.Schumann Exotic 

35. Araceae Aglaonema commutatum Schott Exotic 

36. Araceae Dieffenbachia maculata (Loddiges) D.Don Exotic 

37. Araceae Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engler Exotic 

38. Araceae Philodendron bipinnatifidum Schott Exotic 

39. Araceae Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel Exotic 

40. Araceae Syngonium podophyllum Schott Exotic 

41. Araliaceae Polyscias filicifolia (C.Moore) L.H.Bailey Exotic 

42. Araliaceae Schefflera actinophylla (Endlicher) Harms Exotic 

43. Arecaceae Rhapis excelsa (Thunberg) Henry ex Rehder Exotic 

44. Arecaceae Veitchia merrillii (Beccari) H.E.Moore Exotic 

45. Arecaceae Caryota mitis Loureiro Exotic 

46. Asclepiadaceae Cryptostegia grandiflora Roxburgh ex R.Brown Exotic 

47. Asclepiadaceae Stephanotis floribunda Brongniart Exotic 

48. Asteraceae Centratherum punctatum Cassini Exotic 

49. Asteraceae Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramatuelle Exotic 

50. Asteraceae Chrysophyllum oliviforme L. 

Cosmos bipinnatus Cavanilles Syn: Bidens formosa (Bonato) Schultz 

Exotic 

51. Asteraceae 

Bipontinus Exotic 

105

52. Asteraceae Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchcock Exotic 

53. Asteraceae Zinnia violacea Cavanilles Exotic 

54. Bignoniaceae Mansoa hymenaea (A.P.de Candolle) A.H.Gentry Exotic 

55. Bignoniaceae Tabebuia heterophylla (A.P.de Candolle) Britton Exotic 

56. Bignoniaceae Tecomanthe dendrophila (Blume) K.Schumann Exotic 

57. Bignoniaceae Tecomaria capensis (Thunberg) Spach Exotic 

58. Bromeliaceae Tilandsia usneoides (L.) L. Exotic 

59. Cactacae Opuntia cochinellifera (L.) Miller Exotic 

60. Cactaceae Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose Exotic 

61. Cannaceae Cananga x generalis L.H.Bailey Exotic 

62. Caprifoliaceae Sambucus mexicana Presl ex A.L.P.de Candolle Exotic 

63. Commelinaceae Dichorisandra thrysiflora Mikan Exotic 

64. Commelinaceae Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.Hunt Exotic 

65. Commelinaceae Tradescantia spathacea Swartz Exotic 

66. Commelinaceae Tradescantia zebrina Bosse Exotic 

67. Convolvulaceae Argyreia nervosa (N.L.Burman) Bojer Exotic 

68. Convolvulaceae Evolvulus glomeratus Nees & Martius Exotic 

69. Crassulaceae Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelinitz Exotic 

70. Cycadaceae Cycas circinalis L. Exotic 

71. Cyperaceae Cyperus involucratus Rottboll Exotic 

72. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha hispida N.L.Burman Exotic 


74. Euphorbiaceae Acalypha wilkesiana Muller Argoviensis Exotic 

75. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cotinifolia L. Exotic 

76. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia lactea Haworth Exotic 

77. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy Exotic 

78. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia milii Desmoulins Exotic 

79. Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia neriifolia L. Exotic 

80. Euphorbiaceae Jatropha multifida L. Exotic 

106

81. Euphorbiaceae Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poiteau Exotic 

82. Fabaceae Amherstia nobilis Wallich Exotic 

83. Fabaceae Bauhinia galpinii N.E.Brown Syn: B. Punctata Bolle Exotic 

84. Fabaceae Bauhinia monandra Kurz Exotic 

85. Fabaceae Bauhinia tomentosa L. Exotic 

86. Fabaceae Brownea macrophylla Linden Exotic 

87. Fabaceae Erythrina crista-galli L. Exotic 

88. Fabaceae Saraca indica L. Exotic 

89. Fabaceae/Caesalpiniaceae Cassia x nealii Irwin & Barneby Exotic 

90. Geraniaceae Pelargonium x hortorum L.H.Bailey Exotic 

91. Gesneriaceae Chrysothermis pulchella (Donn ex Simms) Decaisne Exotic 

92. Heliconiaceae Heliconia caribaea Lamarck Exotic 

93. Heliconiaceae Heliconia collinsiana Griggs Exotic 

94. Heliconiaceae Heliconia latispatha Bentham Exotic 

95. Hydrangeaceae Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunberg) Seringe Exotic 

96. Iridaceae Belamcanda chinensis (L.) A.P.de Candole, Exotic 

97. Iridaceae Dietes bicolor (Steudel) Sweet ex Klatt Exotic 

98. Iridaceae Neomarica caerulea (Loddiges) Sprague Exotic 

99. Iridaceae Trimezia martinicensis (Jacquin) Herbert Exotic 

100. Liliaceae Asparagus densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop Exotic 

101. Liliaceae Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop Exotic 

102. Liliaceae Asystasia salicifolia Craib Exotic 

103. Liliaceae Chlorophytum comosum (Thunberg) Jacques Exotic 

104. Liliaceae Ophiopogon japonicus (L.fil.) Ker-Gawler Exotic 

105. Lythraceae Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth Exotic 

106. Lythraceae Lawsonia inermis L. Exotic 

107. Lythraceae Leea guineensis G.Don Exotic 

108. Malpighiaceae Hiptage benghalensis (L.) Kurz Exotic 

109. Melastomataceae Tibouchina urvilleana (A.P.de Candolle) Cogniaux Exotic 

107

110. Sapindaceae Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arnott) Thwaites Exotic 

111. Musaceae Musa uranoscopus Loureiro Exotic 

112. Nyctaginaceae Bougainvillea x buttiana Holttum & Standley Exotic 

113. Nyctaginaceae Bougaiavillea glabra choisy. Exotic 

114. Oleaceae Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton Exotic 

115. Orchidaceae Arachnis x maingayi (J.D.Hooker) Schlechter Exotic 

116. Orchidaceae Arundina graminifolia (D.Don) Hochreutiner Exotic 

117. Orchidaceae Epidendrum x obrienianum Rolfe Exotic 

118. Orchidaceae Papilionanthe 'Agnes Joaquim Exotic 

119. Pandanaceae Pandanus tectorius Parkinson Syn: P. odoratissimus Exotic 

120. Plumbaginaceae Plumbago auriculata Lamarck Exotic 

121. Poaceae Pennisetum macrostachyum (Brongniart) Trinius Exotic 

122. Proteaceae Grevillea robusta A.Cunningham ex R.Brown Exotic 

123. Rosaceae Rosa x damascena Miller Exotic 

124. Rubiaceae Hamelia patens Jacquin Exotic 

125. Rubiaceae Ixora casei Hance Exotic 

126. Rubiaceae Ixora finlaysoniana Wallich ex G.Don Exotic 

127. Rubiaceae Mussaenda philippica L.C.Richard Exotic 

128. Scrophulariaceae Otacanthus caeruleus Lindley Exotic 

129. Simaroubaceae Quassia amara L. Exotic 

130. Solanaceae Brugmansia x candida Persoon Syn: Datura candida (Persoon) Stapf. Exotic 

131. Solanaceae Brunfelsia pauciflora (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Bentham Exotic 

132. Solanaceae Solanum seaforthianum Andrews Exotic 

133. Sterculiaceae Brachychiton acerifolius A.Cunningham ex F.von Mueller Exotic 

134. Sterculiaceae Sterculia foetida L. Exotic 

135. Strelitziaceae Strelitzia nicolai Regel & Kornicke Exotic 

136. Tiliaceae Grewia occidentalis L. Exotic 

137. Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolum majus L. Exotic 

138. Urticaceae Pilea cadierei Gagnepain & Guillaumin Exotic 

108

139. Urticaceae Pilea depressa (Swartz) Blume Exotic 

140. Urticaceae Pilea nummularifolia (Swartz) Weddell Exotic 

141. Verbanaceae Citharexylum caudatum L. Exotic 

142. Verbanaceae Clerodendrum quadriloculare (Blanco) Merrill Exotic 

143. Verbanaceae Congea griffithiana Munir Exotic 

144. Zingiberaceae Costus woodsonii Maas Exotic 

145. Zingiberaceae Curcuma zedoaria (Christmann) Roscoe Exotic 

146. Zingiberaceae Hedychium flavescens N.Carey ex Roscoe Exotic 

147. Zingiberaceae Tapeinochilos ananassae (Hasskarl) K.Schumann Exotic 

148. Zingiberaceae Zingiber spectabile Griffith Exotic 

109

CHECKLIST TO THE TREE SPECIES OF FIJI – Based on A.C.Smith Flora Vitiensis 

Nova, Vol 1-5. Courtesy of the Curator of the South Pacific Regional Herbarium in 

collaboration with the Department of Forestry, Suva. 

No. Family Species 

1 Anacardiaceae Buchanania attenuate 

2 Anacardiaceae Buchanania vitiensis 

3 Anacardiaceae Dracontomelon vitiense 

4 Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium hapalum 

5 Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium timoriense 

6 Anacardiaceae Rhus simarubifolia 

7 Anacardiaceae Semecarpus vitiensis 

8 Anacardiaceae Spondias dulcis 

9 Annonaceae Cananga odorata 

10 Annonaceae Cyathocalyx insularis 

11 Annonaceae Cyathocalyx suaveolens 

12 Annonaceae Polyalthia amygdalina 



15 Annonaceae Richella monosperma 

16 Annonaceae Xylopia pacifica 



19 Apocynaceae Alstonia pacifica 





24 Apocynaceae Neiosperma oppositifolium 

25 Apocynaceae Ochrosia vitiensis 



28 Araliaceae Meryta tenuifolia 

29 Araliaceae Plerandra insolita 

30 Araliaceae Plerandra pickeringii 

31 Araliaceae Plerandra vitiensis 

32 Araliaceae Polyscias multijuga 

33 Araliaceae Schefflera seemanniana 

34 Araliaceae Schefflera vitiensis 

35 Araucariaceae Agathis vitiensis 

36 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia asiatica 

37 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia edulis 

38 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia racemosa 

39 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia seaturae 



42 Burseraceae Canarium vanikoroense 

43 Burseraceae Canarium vitiense 

44 Burseraceae Haplolobus floribundus 

45 Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra insularis 

46 Caesalpiniaceae Intsia bijuga 

47 Caesalpiniaceae Kingiodendron platycarpum 

110

48 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa floribunda 

49 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa grandiflora 

50 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa minor 

51 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa vestita 



54 Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisetifolia 



57 Chrysobalanaceae Atuna elliptica 

58 Chrysobalanaceae Atuna racemosa 

59 Chrysobalanaceae Parinari insularum 

60 Clusiaceae Calophullum inophyllum 

61 Clusiaceae Calophuyllum vitiense 

62 Clusiaceae Calophyllum amblyphyllum 

63 Clusiaceae Calophyllum cerasiferum 

64 Clusiaceae Calophyllum leptocladum 

65 Clusiaceae Calophyllum neo-ebudicum 

66 Clusiaceae Garcinia adinantha 

67 Clusiaceae Garcinia myrtiflora 

68 Clusiaceae Garcinia pseudoguttifera 

69 Clusiaceae Garcinia sessilis 

70 Clusiaceae Garcinia vitiensis 

71 Clusiaceae Mammea odorata 

72 Combretaceae Lumnitzera littorea 

73 Combretaceae Terminalia capitanea 

74 Combretaceae Terminalia catappa 

75 Combretaceae Terminalia litoralis 

76 Combretaceae Terminalia luteoloa 

77 Combretaceae Terminalia pterocarpa 

78 Combretaceae Terminalia spec. unid. 

79 Combretaceae Terminalia strigillosa 

80 Combretaceae Terminalia vitiensis 

81 Combretaceae Terminallia crebrifolia 

82 Cunoniaceae Geissois imthurnii 

83 Cunoniaceae Geissois spec. div. 

84 Cunoniaceae Geissois spec.div. 

85 Cunoniaceae Geissois stipularis 

86 Cunoniaceae Geissois superb 





91 Cunoniaceae Pullea perryana 

92 Cunoniaceae Spiraeanthemum katakata 

93 Cunoniaceae Weinmannia vitiensis 



96 Dilleniaceae Dillenia biflora 

97 Ebenaceae Diospyros spec.div. 

98 Ebenaceae Santalum yasi 

99 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus cassinoides 

111

100 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus chelonimorphus 

101 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus degeneriana 

102 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus gillespieanus 

103 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus graeffei 

104 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kambi 

105 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus Lepidus 

106 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus milnei 

107 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pyriformis 

108 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus storckii 

109 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus subcapitatus 

110 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus vitiensis 

111 Euphorbiaceae Acalypha insulana 

112 Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana 



115 Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica 

116 Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon fallax 

117 Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon vitiensis 

118 Euphorbiaceae Endospermum macrophyllum 

119 Euphorbiaceae Endospermum robbieanum 

120 Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria acuminate 

121 Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria agallocha 

122 Euphorbiaceae Glochidion seemanii 



125 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga harveyana 

126 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga magna 

127 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga secunda 

128 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga seemannii 

129 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga spec.div. 

130 Euphorbiaceae Macaranga vitiensis 

131 Euphorbiaceae Omalanthus nutans 

132 Fabaceae Erythrina fusca 

133 Fabaceae Erythrina variegate 

134 Fabaceae Inocarpus fagifer 

135 Fabaceae Pongamia pinnata 

136 Fabaceae Sophora tomentosa 

137 Flacourtiaceae Cesearia procera 

138 Flacourtiaceae Erythrospermum acuminatissimum 

139 Flacourtiaceae Flacourtia vitiensis 

140 Flacourtiaceae Homalium laurifolium 

141 Flacourtiaceae Homalium pallidum 

142 Flacourtiaceae Homalium vitiense 

143 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra coleoides 

144 Gesneriaceae Cyrtandra jugalis 

145 Gnetaceae Gnetum gnemon 

146 Gonystylaceae Gonystylus punctatus 

147 Gyrocarpaceae Gyrocarpus americanus 

148 Hernandiaceae Hernandia nymphaeifolia 

149 Hernandiaceae Hernandia olivaceae 

150 Icacinaceae Citronella vitiensis 

151 Icacinaceae Medusanthera vitiensis 

112

152 Lauraceae Cinnamomum fitianum 

153 Lauraceae Cinnamomum leptopus 

154 Lauraceae Cinnamomum pallidum 

155 Lauraceae Cinnamomum spec. div. 

156 Lauraceae Cryptocarya constricta 



159 Lauraceae Cryptocarya hornei 

160 Lauraceae Cryptocarya parinarioides 

161 Lauraceae Cryptocarya spec.div. 





166 Lauraceae Endiandra luteola 

167 Lauraceae Endiandra monticola 



170 Lauraceae Litsea magnifolia 

171 Lauraceae Litsea mellifera 



174 Lauraceae Litsea spec. div. 

175 Lauraceae Litsea vitiana 

176 Loganiaceae Fagraea berteroana 

177 Loganiaceae Fagraea gracilipes 

178 Loganiaceae Geniostoma macrophyllum 








186 Loganiaceae Neuburgia berteroana 

187 Loganiaceae Neuburgia corinocarpa 

188 Loganiaceae Neuburgia microcarpa 

189 Melastomataceae Astronidium confertiflorum 

190 Melastomataceae Astronidium robustum 

191 Melastomataceae Astronidium saulae 

192 Melastomataceae Astronidium storckii 

193 Melastomataceae Astronidium victoriae 

194 Melastomataceae Memecylon vitiense 

195 Meliaceae Aglaia archboldiana 

196 Meliaceae Aglaia axillaris 



199 Meliaceae Aglaia gracilis 

200 Meliaceae Aglaia greenwoodii 



203 Meliaceae Dysoxylum aliquantulum 

113

204 Meliaceae Dysoxylum gillespieanum 



207 Meliaceae Dysoxylum lenticellare 

208 Meliaceae Dysoxylum myriandrum 

209 Meliaceae Dysoxylum quercifolium 

210 Meliaceae Dysoxylum richii 

211 Meliaceae Dysoxylum seemannii 

212 Meliaceae Dysoxylum tenuiflorum 

213 Meliaceae Vavaea amicorum 

214 Meliaceae Vavaea degeneri 

215 Meliaceae Vavaea harveyi 

216 Meliaceae Vavaea megaphylla 

217 Meliaceae Xylocarpus granatum 

218 Meliaceae Xylocarpus moluccensis 

219 Mimosaceae Acacia richii 

220 Mimosaceae Acasia simplex 



223 Mimosaceae Albizia saman 

224 Mimosaceae Mimosaceae spec. div. 

225 Mimosaceae Parkii parrii 

226 Mimosaceae Serianthes melanesica 

227 Mimosaceae Serianthes vitiensis 

228 Moraceae Antiaris toxicaria 

229 Moraceae Ficus barclayana 

230 Moraceae Ficus fulvo-pilosa 

231 Moraceae Ficus oblique 

232 Moraceae Ficus pritchardii 

233 Moraceae Ficus smithii 

234 Moraceae Ficus storckii 

235 Moraceae Ficus theophrastoides 

236 Moraceae Ficus vitiensis 

237 Myristicaceae Myristica castaneifolia 

238 Myristicaceae Myristica chartaceae 

239 Myristicaceae Myristica gillespieana 

240 Myristicaceae Myristica grandifolia 

241 Myristicaceae Myristica macrantha 

242 Myrsinaceae Discocalyx fusca 

243 Myrsinaceae Rapanea myricifolia 

244 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx decussates 

245 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx ellipticus 

246 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx eugenioides 

247 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx longiflorus 

248 Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx myrtoides 



251 Myrtaceae Decaspermum vitiense 




255 Myrtaceae Piliocalyx concinnus 

114

256 Myrtaceae Syzygium amicorum 

257 Myrtaceae Syzygium brackenridgei 

258 Myrtaceae Syzygium confertiflorum 

259 Myrtaceae Syzygium corynocarpum 

260 Myrtaceae Syzygium curvistylum 

261 Myrtaceae Syzygium diffusum 

262 Myrtaceae Syzygium effusum 

263 Myrtaceae Syzygium fijiense 

264 Myrtaceae Syzygium gracilipes 

265 Myrtaceae Syzygium grayi 

266 Myrtaceae Syzygium leucanthum 

267 Myrtaceae Syzygium malaccense 

268 Myrtaceae Syzygium nadarivatense 

269 Myrtaceae Syzygium nidie 

270 Myrtaceae Syzygium oblongifolium 

271 Myrtaceae Syzygium purpureum 



274 Myrtaceae Syzygium rubescens 

275 Myrtaceae Syzygium seemannianum 



278 Ochnaceae Brackenridgea nitida 

279 Piperaceae Piper aduncum 

280 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum arborescens 

281 Pittosporaceae Pittosporum spec.div. 

282 Podocarpaceae Dacrycarpus imbricatus 

283 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nausoriense 

284 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nidulum 

285 Podocarpaceae Decussocarpus vitiensis 

286 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus affinis 

287 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus decipiens 

288 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus degeneri 

289 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus neriifolius 

290 Proteaceae Turrillia ferruginea 

291 Proteaceae Turrillia vitiensis 

292 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia franguloides 

293 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia zizyphoides 

294 Rhamnaceae Emmenosperma micropetalum 

295 Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera gymnorhiza 

296 Rhizophoraceae Crossostylis seemannii 

297 Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora samoensis 

298 Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora stylosa 

299 Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora x selala 

300 Rubiaceae Antirhea smithii 

301 Rubiaceae Dolicholobium latifolium 

302 Rubiaceae Dolicholobium macgregorii 

303 Rubiaceae Gardenia spec.div. 

304 Rubiaceae Gardenia storckii 

305 Rubiaceae Guerttarda speciosa 

306 Rubiaceae Ixora pelagic 

307 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron flavidum 

115

308 Rubiaceae Mastixiodendron robustum 



311 Rubiaceae Psychotria amoena 

312 Rubiaceae Psychotria confertiloba 

313 Rubiaceae Tarenna sambucina 

314 Rubiaceae Timonius affinis 

315 Rutaceae Melicope cuculata 



318 Rutaceae Micromelium minutum 

319 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum gillespieanum 

320 Sapindaceae Alectryon grandifolius 

321 Sapindaceae Allophyllus timoriensis 



324 Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis vitiensis 

325 Sapindaceae Dodonea viscose 

326 Sapindaceae Elattostachys falcate 

327 Sapindaceae Guioa rhoifolia 

328 Sapindaceae Guoia chrysea 

329 Sapindaceae Koelreuteria elegans 

330 Sapindaceae Pommetia pinnata 

331 Sapindaceae Sapindus vitiensis 

332 Sapotaceae Burckella fijiensis 

333 Sapotaceae Burckella parviflora 

334 Sapotaceae Burckella richii 

335 Sapotaceae Burckella thurstonii 

336 Sapotaceae Manilkara dissecta 

337 Sapotaceae Manilkara smithiana 

338 Sapotaceae Manilkara vitiensis 

339 Sapotaceae Palaquim fidjiense 

340 Sapotaceae Palaquim hornei 

341 Sapotaceae Palaquim porphyreum 

342 Sapotaceae Palaquim vitilevuense 

343 Sapotaceae Planchonella garberi 



346 Sapotaceae Planchonella membranacea 

347 Sapotaceae Planchonella pyrulifera 

348 Sapotaceae Planchonella sessillis 

349 Sapotaceae Planchonella smithii 

350 Sapotaceae Planchonella umbonata 

351 Sapotaceae Planchonella vitiensis 



354 Simaroubaceae Amaroria soulameoides 

355 Sterculiaceae Commersonia bartramia 

356 Sterculiaceae Firmiama diversifolia 

357 Sterculiaceae Heritiera littoralis 



116

360 Sterculiaceae Kleihovia hospita 

361 Sterculiaceae Melochia degeneriana 

362 Sterculiaceae Melochia vitiensis 

363 Sterculiaceae Pterocymbium oceanicum 

364 Sterculiaceae Sterculia vitiensis 



367 Tiliaceae Berrya pacifica 

368 Tiliaceae Grewai vitiensis 

369 Tiliaceae Grewia crenata 

370 Tiliaceae Microcos vitiensis 

371 Tiliaceae Trichospermum calyculatum 

372 Tiliaceae Trichospermum richii 

373 Ulmaceae Celtis vitiensis 

374 Ulmaceae Gironniera celtidifolia 

375 Ulmaceae Parasponia andersonii 



378 Urticaceae Dendrocnide harveyi 

379 Urticaceae Dendrocnide vitiensis 

380 Verbenaceae Gmelina vitiensis 

381 Verbenaceae Premna serratifolia 

382 Verbenaceae Viticipremna vitilevuensis 

Prelinimary Checklist of Commercial Timber Tree Species of Fiji– Courtesy of the 

Curator of the South Pacific Regional Herbarium in collaboration with the Department 

of Forestry, Suva. 

No. Species Family Scientific Name Local name 

1 Anacardiaceae Buchanania vitiensis Maqo ni veikau 

2 Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium timoriense Tarawau 

3 Anacardiaceae Semecarpus vitiensis Kaukaro 

4 Araucariaceae Agathis macrophylla Dakua makadre 

5 Barringtoniaceae Barringtonia edulis Vutu ni veikau 

6 Boraginaceae Cordia subcordata Nawanawa 

7 Burseraceae Canarium vanikoroense Kaunisiga 

8 Burseraceae Canarium harveyi Kaunicina 

9 Burseraceae Canarium vitiensis Kaunicina B 

10 Burseraceae Haplolobus floribundus Kaunigai 

11 Caesalpiniaceae Instia bijuga Vesi 

12 Caesalpiniaceae Kingiodendron platycarpum Moivi 

13 Caesalpiniaceae Maniltoa grandiflora Cibicibi 

14 Caesalpiniaceae Storckiella vitiensis Marasa 

15 Casuarinaceae Gymnostoma vitiense Velau 

16 Ceasalpiniaceae Maniltoa floribunda Cibicibi 

17 Chrysobalanaceae Parinari insularum Sea/sa 

18 Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum Dilo 

19 Clusiaceae Calophyllum neo-ebudicum Damanu kula 

20 Clusiaceae Calophyllum vitiense Damanu 

21 Clusiaceae Calophylum amblyphyllum Damanu dilodilo 

22 Clusiaceae Garcinia adiantha Bulu 

117

23 Clusiaceae Garcinia myrtifolia Bulu 

24 Clusiaceae Garcinia pseudogittifera Bulu m 

25 Clusiaceae Garcinia sessilis Bulu 

26 Clusiaceae Garcinia vitiensis Buluwai 

27 Combretaceae Lumnitzera littorea Sagale 

28 Combretaceae Terminalia capitanea Tivi 

29 Cunoniaceae Geissois ternata Vure 

30 Cyatheaceae Cyathea lunulata Balabala 

31 Cyatheaceae Cyathea alata Balabala 

32 Cyatheaceae Cyathea truncata Balabala 

33 Cyatheaceae Cyathea affinis Balabala 

34 Cyatheaceae Dicksonia brackenridgei Balabala 

35 Degeneriaceae Degeneria rosea karawa/yaragele 

36 Degeneriaceae Degeneria vitiensis Masiratu/vavaloa 

37 Ebenaceae Diospyros major Kauloa 

38 Ebenaceae Diospyros samoensis Kauloa 

39 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus kambi Kabi 

40 Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus pyriformis Kabi 

41 Euphorbiaceae Bischofia javanica Koka 

42 Euphorbiaceae Endospermum macrophyllum Kauvula 

43 Euphorbiaceae Endospermum robbieanum None 

44 Gonystylaceae Gonystylus punctatus Mavota 

45 Hernandiaceae Hernadia olivacea Dalovoci 

46 Loganiaceae Fagraea gracilipes Buabua 

47 Meliaceae Dysoxylum lenticellare Malamala 

48 Meliaceae Dysoxylum quercifolium Mala 

49 Meliaceae Dysoxylum richii Tarawau kei rakaka 

50 Meliaceae Swietenia macrophylla Mahogany 

51 Meliaceae Swietenia mahogany Mahogany 

52 Meliaceae Xylocarpus granatum Dabi 

53 Mimosaceae Acacia richii Qumu 

54 Mimosaceae Saman samanea Rain-tree 

55 Mimosaceae Serianthes melanesica Vaivai ni veikau 

56 Myristicaceae Myristica chartacea Kaudamu draulailai 

57 Myristicaceae Myristica gillespieana Kaudamu male 

58 Myristicaceae Myristica macrantha Male waqa 

59 Myristicaceae Myristica castaneifolia Kaudamu 

60 Myrtaceae Metrosideros colina Vuga 

62 Myrtaceae Syzygium brackenridgei Kavika gaga 

63 Myrtaceae Syzygium diffusum Yasiyasi 

64 Myrtaceae Syzygium fijiense Yasidravu 

65 Myrtaceae Syzygium leucanthum Yasivula 

66 Myrtaceae Syzygium oblongifolium Yasiyasi 

67 Myrtaceae Syzygium quadrangulatum Yasiyasi 

68 Myrtaceae Syzygium rubescens Yasiyasi 

69 Myrtaceae Syzygium decussatus Yasi moli 

70 Myrtaceae Syzygium myrtoides Doida 

71 Pinaceae Pinus caribaea Caribbean pine 

72 Pinaceae Pinus radiate None 

73 Podaocarpaceae Dacrydium nausoriense Tagitagi 

74 Podocarpaceae Dacrycarpus imbricatus Amunu 

75 Podocarpaceae Dacrydium nidulum Yaka 

118

76 Podocarpaceae Podocarpus neriifolius Kuasi 

77 Podocarpaceae Retrophyllum vitiensis Dakua salusalu 

78 Proteaceae Turrillia ferruginea Kauceuti levu 

79 Proteaceae Turrillia vitiensis Kauceuti 

80 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia franguloides Doi damu 

81 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia zizyphoides Doi 

82 Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera gymnorhiza Dogo 

83 Santalaceae Santalum alba Yasi ni idia 

84 Santalaceae Santalum yasi Yasi dina 

85 Sapotaceae Palaquium vitilevuensis Baudina 

86 Sapotaceae Burckella fijiensis Bau 

87 Sapotaceae Burckella parviflora Baumika 

88 Sapotaceae Manilkara dissecta Bau saqali 

89 Sapotaceae Palaquim hornei Sacau 

90 Sapotaceae Palaquim porphyreum Bauvudi 

91 Sapotaceae Palaquium hornei Cevua 

92 Sapotaceae Planchonella grayana Bausa 

93 Sapotaceae Planchonella membranacea Sarosaro B 

94 Sapotaceae Planchonella vitiensis Sarosaro 

95 Sterculiaceae Firmiama diversifolia Vauceva/ Anita 

96 Sterculiaceae Heritiera ornithocephala Rosarosa/rogi 

97 Sterculiaceae Pterocymbium oceanicum Ma 

98 Sterculiaceae Sterculia vitiensis Waciwaci 

99 Tiliaceae Trichospermum calyculatum Mako loa 

100 Tiliaceae Trichospermum richii Mako 

101 Verbenaceae Gmelina vitiensis Rosawa 

102 Verbenaceae Premna serratifolia Yaro 

103 Verbenaceae Tectona grandis Teak 

104 Verbenaceae Viticipremna vitilevuensis Bo 

119

INSTITUTE OF APPLIED SCIENCES 

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC 

Rapid Biodiversity Survey of Makogadra 

Island, Lomaiviti Province, Fiji Islands 

31 October to 1 November 2009 

IAS Environmental Studies Report No. 231 

by 

Marika Tuiwawa (SPRH), Isaac Rounds (CI), Jone Niukula (NTF), Saras Sharma (Fiji 

Department Fisheries) & Nunia Thomas (NFMV) 

March 2010

TABLE OF CONTENT 

numbers 

2 

Page 

Introduction 24 

Background 25 

Methods 35 

Results 35 

Herpetofauna 35 

Birds 79 


1012 

References 1 

35 

Appendix 

1416

RAPID BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT OF 

MAKODRAGA ISLAND, LOMAIVITI 

By 

Marika Tuiwawa (South Pacifica Regional Herbarium-USP), Isaac Rounds 

(Conservation International), Jone Niukula (National Trust Fiji), Saras Sharma (Fiji 

Department Fisheries) & Nunia Thomas (NatureFiji Mareqeti Viti) 

31 st October – 1 st November, 2009 

3

Introduction 

Makodraga is an uninhabited island 1.4km off the main island of Makogai, sitting on 

the NW border of the Lomaiviti Province. It has an area of about 82ha with an intact 

tropical forest vegetation cover. The highest point is some 120m above sea level, is 

volcanic with steep slopes and has potential to be a translocation site for the Fijian 

Crested Iguana (Brachylophus vitiensis) from Yadua Taba Island in Bua Province, 

Vanua Levu. 

Makodraga Island, Lomaiviti Province, Fiji. 

The IUCN Red listed endangered Fijian Crested Iguana is endemic to tropical dry 

forests found on smaller islands of Fiji. Yadua Taba Island has good tropical dry 

forest along with the largest (and only secure) population of B. vitiensis in Fiji and has 

been proposed as a translocation source for iguana conservation. Declining 

populations have been recorded from other islands in the Yasawa Group, Mamanuca 

Group and Macuata Island off the north and north-west coast of Viti Levu. 

The aim of this rapid biodiversity assessment survey of Makodraga Island was to find 

out if it is appropriate as a translocation site for crested iguanas. Opportunistic fauna 

and floral surveys were conducted on Saturday 31 st October and Sunday 1 st November 

2009 on the island of Makodraga. 

Background 

Makodraga and Makogai Islands were purchased by the Fiji Government in 1908 to 

accommodate a leper colony that was then operational from 1911 to 1969. During the 

Leprosy era, a small bay on the island of Makodraga was utilized as an Observatory 

point and was later used as a picnic spot for the Lepers. The southern end of the bay 

4

is currently used as a picnic spot by the residents of Makogai Island. The vegetation 

is relatively undisturbed, in particular after feral goats were removed from the island 

about a decade ago by personnel working at the Fisheries field station on Makogai 

Island. There has been no major activity undertaken on Makodraga Island in recent 

years. 

Makodraga and Makogai Islands, under the Birds and Game Protection Act, are the 

only two islands in the Fiji archipelago that are completely reserved areas in respect 

of all game. The conservation status for Makodraga looks promising as it comes under 

the ownership of the government. 

The purpose of this survey is to determine if the Island of Makodraga has the potential 

to be a translocation site for the Yadua Taba Crested Iguana population. The Yadua 

Taba Island Crested Iguana population has been restored to viable numbers over the 

last 30 years. Despite the re-establishment of this yet increasing population, the risk 

of losing the species to extinction remains high, this becomes more critical with the 

recent findings of genetic variation between islands. While most of these other 

islands are inhabited and/or currently used for recreational purposes by landowners, 

Yadua Taba Island remains the only safe haven for the species. The current total 

population, though substantial, is still vulnerable being concentrated on only one 

island. Therefore, the need for translocation of the Yadua Taba island Crested Iguana 

population to a conservation site is critical, but in avoidance of cross-breeding with 

other populations and more so with other iguana species. 

The survey team comprised the following personnel - Marika Tuiwawa (South Pacific 

Regional Herbarium, USP), Isaac Rounds (Conservation International), Jone Niukula 

(National Trust Fiji), Saras Sharma (Fiji Department Fisheries) & Nunia Thomas 

(NatureFiji/Mareqeti/Viti). 

Methods 

Opportunistic fauna and floral surveys were conducted from Saturday 31 st October to 

Sunday 1 st November 2008 on the island of Makodraga next to Makogai Island. The 

surveys were conducted by walking through and across the island (in the forest), 

along the coastal forest; and around the island by boat. 

In addition a brief summary on the result of a Crested Iguana survey by Peter Harlow 

and Rob Fischer in February 2010 will be highlighted in the Herpetofauna section. 

Results 

Herpetofauna 

Opportunistic diurnal herpetofauna surveys were conducted from 11am to 3pm on 

two days (31/10/09 and 01/11/09). The presence of known plants of importance to 

the diet of Fiji’s native iguanas was noted; and their locations recorded. Geographical 

Positioning Systems (GPS) data of potential iguana breeding sites were recorded 

using a Thales Mobile Mapper TM . One targeted nocturnal survey for iguanas was 

5

conducted from 6pm to 8pm on the second day (01/11/2009) within the agreed ideal 

iguana habitat on the island (Figure 1). 

Four native and one introduced species of herpetofauna were encountered over the 

two days of survey: Emoia cyanura, E. impar, Cryptoblepharus eximus, Candoia 

bibroni and Lepidodactylus lugubris. Two of the native species are endemic to Fiji. 

No herpetofauna was found during the nocturnal survey (Table 1). 

One native, endemic species (Brachylophus bulabula or B. fasciatus) and the 

introduced invasive cane toad (Bufo marinus) were reported by the inhabitants of 

nearby Makogai Island to be occasionally present on Makodraga. 

Table 1: List of herpetofauna species found during opportunistic diurnal surveys on 

Makodraga Island from 31 st October and 1 st November 2009. 

English name 

Fijian Name 

Scientific name Conservation 

Status 

6 

Observed 

during survey / 

Reported by 

guides 

REPTILES 

Pacific boa Gata Candoia bibronii Native Observed 

Oceanic gecko Moko kabi Gehyra oceanica Native Observed 

Mourning or Pacific 

gecko 

Moko kabi Lepidodactylus 

lugubris 

Introduced 

Observed 

Green tree skink Moko sari Emoia concolor Endemic Observed 

Blue-tailed Copperstriped 

skink 

Moko sari Emoia impar 

Native 

Observed 

Brown-tailed 

Copper-striped skink 

Moko sari Emoia cyanura 

Native 

Observed 

Fiji banded iguana Vokai Brachylophus Endemic Reported by 

bulabula 

OR 

guides 

AMPHIBIANS 

B. fasciatus 

Native 

Marine or Cane toad Boto karokaro Bufo marinus Introduced, Reported by 

Invasive guides 

Several iguana breeding sites were identified along the south-eastern part of the island 

(Figure 1) , where the soil was relatively soft with less boulders (Figure 2) compared 

to the north western side (Figure 3). 

A survey by P. Harlow and R. Fisher in February 2010 with good weather established 

the presence of the Fiji Banded Iguana on Makodraga Island and they estimated a 

population of 2000 individuals on the island. 

Skink abundance 

Ground skinks were common within the forest to the north-west of Makodraga Island 

and along the slopes from ‘Peak 1’ to ‘look out point’. Not many skinks were 

observed along the south-eastern part of the island (from ‘creek bed’ to ‘ficus’.

Figure 1: Map of areas surveyed and points of interest on 

Makodraga Island during the survey from 31 st October to 01 st November 2009. 

Figure 2: A potential iguana breeding site with relatively little boulders and loose 

cobbles located in the south-eastern part of the island. 

7

Targeted Nocturnal Survey for Iguanas 

A site for a targeted nocturnal survey was selected based on the presence of a dense 

patch of Hibiscus tiliaceus in the south-western part of the island (Figure 1). 

The targeted nocturnal survey was conducted over two hours after dark (18:00 – 

20:00). Cloud cover and rainfall were 100% and heavy respectively before and during 

the two hours survey. 

No iguanas were found during the survey. 

Weather Conditions 

Cloud (80% cover) and heavy rainfall were prevalent on both days of the survey; with 

only a maximum of 3 hours of strong sunshine. 

Figure 3: The ground cover of the north-western parts of the island is dominated by 

boulders and loose cobbles. 

Discussion 

It is highly likely that not all resident herpetofauna were recorded during this survey. 

The observed differences in skink abundance between different parts of the island are 

probably not indicative of their distribution and require further investigation. The 

presence of two endemic skinks: C. cryptoblepharus and E. concolor is encouraging. 

Makodraga had been experiencing a dry spell prior to the survey. The effects of the 

dry spell were evident in the dry (flammable) ground cover; making the island and its 

resident fauna and flora very vulnerable to fires. The fact that not a single Iguana was 

observed during the nocturnal survey was solely due to the very bad weather 

conditions (wind and rain) encountered prior and during the survey. 

8

The survey two months later by P. Harlow and R. Fisher was carried out in ideal 

conditions thus the discovery of a good population of Brachylophus cf. bulabula. 

Birds 

Birds surveys during this visit were more opportunistic than methodical, conducted on 

both days (31/10/09 – 1/11/09) on Makodraga with an extra day (2/11/09) for 

Makogai Island. 

Eighteen land birds were encountered on Makodraga, six of which are endemic to the 

Fiji Islands while two are regional endemic species. Please refer to Table 2 for the list 

of birds recorded during the survey. 

Notable observations are that of the high frequency of Friendly Ground Dove 

(Gallicolumba stairi) nests encountered, the lowest seen on a branch growing at 

around 1.7m above ground. Apart from the nests, another sign of successful breeding 

was the capture of a juvenile feeding on the ground beneath a strand of Beach 

Hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus). 

Figure 4 – signs of successful breeding for Friendly Ground Dove 

An adult male was found dead with its head stuck in a notch on a dead tree trunk, in 

which a pool of water had accumulated. (Refer to Figure 5) 

9

Figure 5 – male Friendly Ground Dove stuck on a notch trying to get to the pool of 

water. 

The only bird that was never heard calling but observed perched and flying below the 

canopy is the Fiji Goshawk, a bird of prey that has the potential to prey on other 

animals. One that has been recorded feeding on iguanas in Yadua Taba is the Pacific 

Harrier, of which two pairs were sighted flying over the hills on Makogai Island. 

Open grasslands that are nesting sites for harriers are seldom on Makodraga but 

observed on nearby Makogai. 

Figure 6 – A Fiji Goshawk perched on a branch. 

10

Table 2: List of Land birds of Makogai and Makodraga Islands observed during this 

assessment survey and recorded on literature 

Makodraga & Makogai 

Land Bird Records 

1. Banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis 

Makodraga Makogai EndemicityDi 

stribution 

2. Barking Pigeon Ducula latrans E 

3. Barn Owl Tyto alba 

11 

Threat 

Status 

Historic Literature 

Record 

(observation date) 

4. Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora Ex W 

5. Collared Lory Phigys solitarius E 

6. Common Mynah Acridotheres tristis 

7. 

Crimson-crowned Fruitdove 

Ptilinopus 

porphyraceus 

RE 

8. Eastern Reef Heron Egretta sacra 

9. Fiji Bush Warbler Cettia ruficapilla E 

10. Fiji Goshawk Accipiter rufitorques E 

11. 

Fiji Parrotfinche Erythrura pealii 

E 

12. Friendly Ground-dove Gallicolumba stairii RE V 

13. Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus 

14. Lesser Shrikebill Clytorhynchus vitiensis 

15. Orange-breasted 

Myzomela Myzomela jugularis 

E 

16. 

Pacific Harrier Circus approximans 

17. Pacific Pigeon Ducula pacifica ? 

18. Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica 

19. Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 

20. Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer 

21. Silvereye Zosterops lateralis 

22. Slaty Monarch Mayrornis lessoni E 

23. Spotted Turtle-dove Streptopelia chinensis 

24. Vanikoro Broadbill Myiagra vanikorensis 

25. White-collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris 

26. 

White-rumped Swiftlet 

Aerodramus 

spodiopygia 

 

27. White-t`hroated Pigeon Columba vitiensis 

 

CITES 

Appendi 

x II 

B (6 th March, 

2009) 

28. Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo Ex W – 1924 

Key: 

Endemicity: 

Threat Status 

Historic/Literature 

Record 

Discussion 

Recorded during this trip from 

Makogai and Makodraga 

E - Fiji Endemic 

RE – Regional Endemic 

V- Vulnerable (IUCN Red List 2008) 

AR - At Risk in Fiji (Watling 2001) 

Ex – Extirpated according to literature 

W – Watling, 2001 

B – Birdstack 

Makodraga and Makogai Islands, under the Birds and Game Protection Act, are the 

only two islands in the Fiji archipelago that are completely reserved areas in respect 

of all game.

[Quote from the Birds and Game Protection Act – Cap. 170 Rev. 1985] 

Game birds include Fijian Wood Pigeon, Peale’s Pigeon or Barking Pigeon (Ducula 

latrans) and the fruit doves. 


• Proper birds survey is to be conducted 

• Rat survey is recommended, especially on the current density as Friendly Ground 

Dove breeding appears to be very successful 

• Research: Does the Fiji Goshawk feed on iguanas?? 


According to Keppel and Tuiwawa (2007) the vegetation type of Makodraga Island 

would be described as Tropical Dry Forest found in the Dry Zone Forests of Fiji 

comprising coastal (including mangroves) and lowland plants. Three habitat/forest 

types were observed and they included the Coastal or Beach Forest Type, Dry Forest 

Type, and the Mangrove Forest. 

Coastal or Beach Forest Type 

Such forest type is restricted immediately above the high water mark along the 

coastline (Fig 7). On the flat sections of the coastline this forest type is extensive and 

here some of the more dominant trees like Pisonia grandis, Barringtonia asiatica and 

Terminalia catappa occur. 

12

Figure 7. Coastal Forest Type with dominant evergreen like Terminalia catappa, 

Barringtonia asiatica and Pisonia grandis. The deciduous (tree without leaves) tree 

Gyrocarpus americanus on the slopes. 

Other common large trees include Hernandia nymphaeifolia, Thespesia populnea, 

Neisosperma oppositifolium, Calophyllum inophyllum, and Cocos nucifera. These 

trees on average had heights of up to 12m with boles of 2-3m. The largest tree 

measured was Terminalia catappa with dbh of 96cm. Shrubs and sub canopy trees 

observed included Hibiscus tiliaceus, Guetarda speciosa, Excoecaria agallocha, 

Acacia simplex and Scaevola taccada. 

Mangrove Forest 

The mangrove forest is not extensive and is restricted only to the south east coast 

covering an area of about 600 m 2 . Here a small stand of Rhizophora cf. stylosa was 

observed. Trees on average grew to three meters in height with an average dbh of 

about 35cm. 

Dry Forest 

The rest of the island is mostly made up of this forest type. The bole of the trees on 

average has lengths of about 3m and leaves are sclerophyllous. There are a lot of 

woody lianas and Cycas seemannii (Fig 8). Deciduous trees and shrubs found in the 

forest type included Gyrocarpus americanus, Pleiogynium timoriense, Millettia 

pinnata, Erythrina variegata and Antirhea insconspicua. Two other deciduous plants 

normally found on such forest were not observed - Koeluteria elegans and Garuga 

floribunda. Lianas and creepers include Entada phaseoloides, Ventilago vitiensis and 

Dichapetalum vitiense and are common throughout the island. 

The ground cover is covered with sparsely dispersed woody plants like Alyxia sp, 

Nephrolepsis sp., the grasses Scleria sp. and Oplismenus sp. 

Overall there is evidence of previous grazing and fire but no recent sign of such 

activities. The Island overall has only a handful of invasive species that have very 

little ecological impact. 

13

Figure 8. Woody lianas and short bole trees are typical characters of a dry forest. 

Figure 9. Cycas seemannii in abundance. Note dry underground cover ideal for fuel 

for fires. Rocky rubbles on the forest floor is not ideal for breeding for iguanas. 

Flora 

A total of 89 taxa were recorded during the two day survey comprising of nine 

exotics, nine endemic and 71 indigenous species (see Appendix 1). The majority of 

the plants recorded were trees comprising 73% (65 spp.) of the flora followed by 

lianas and creepers with 14% (12 spp.), shrubs 9% (8 spp.) and ferns 4% (4 spp.). The 

three largest groups are the families Fabaceae with twelve species followed by 

Euphorbiaceae with six species and Rubiaceae and Apocynaceae with four species 

each. These four groups comprise 25% of the overall flora of Makogadra island. 

The invasive species observed during the survey included Mikania micrantha and 

Passiflora foetida. Other weedy and noxious plants recorded include Lantana camara, 

Samanea saman, Vernonia cinerea and Mangifera indica. 

14

Discussion 

The Dry Forest vegetation on Makogadra is one of the best observed throughout Fiji. 

There are very few problematic plants on the island and their density is so low that 

they pose very little negative ecological impact not only with their current status but 

with any attempt to remove them. 

More than 90% of plants observed during the survey are also present on Yadua Taba 

and almost all of these are plants species used by the Crested Iguana as food. 

The island is also an ideal location for the ex situ conservation for some of Fiji’s more 

threatened dry forest and/or drier zone threatened species. 


• Additional survey of the flora is essential 

• Eradication and Control of invasive and weeds (potentially problematic plants) 

• A formal protected status for the island should be pursued. 

References 

Watling, D. 1985. The distribution of Fijian land and freshwater birds based on the 

collections and observations of the Whitney South Sea Expedition. Domodomo 

III:130-152. 

Watling, D. 2001. Guide to the Birds of Fiji & Western Pacific. Environment 

Consultants Fiji. 

Birdstack – http://birdstack.com/people/maractwin/locations 

Keppel, G. and M. Tuiwawa. 2007. Dry Zone Forests of Fiji: species composition, life 

history traits, and conservation. New Zea Land Journal of Botany. Vol. 45: 545-563. 

15

Appendix 1: 

Tentative Checklist of Plants from Makodraga Island, Lomaiviti Group, Fiji Islands in November 2009 

against those recorded from Yadua Taba in 2002. 

Marika Tuiwawa (SPRH), Isaac Rounds (CI) 

Family Botanical Name Distrib’n Makogodra Yadua Taba 

Agavaceae Cordyline fruticosa Ind X X 

Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Ind X X 

Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum Exo X X 

Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Exo X 

Anacardiaceae Pleiogynium timoriense Ind X 

Apocynaceae Alyxia stellata Ind X X 

Apocynaceae Cerbera manghas Ind X X 

Apocynaceae Ervatamia obtusiuscula Ind X X 

Apocynaceae Neisosperma oppositifolium Ind X X 

Aracaceae Cocos nucifera Ind X X 

Araceae Epipremnum pinnatum Ind X X 

Araliaceae Polyscias multijuga Ind X X 

Aspleniaceae Asplenium australasicum Ind X X 

Asteraceae Mikania micrantha Exo X X 

Asteraceae Vernonia cinerea Exo X X 

Boraginaceae Cordia subcordata Ind X X 

Boraginaceae Tournefortia argentea Ind X X 

Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra falcata End X X 

Caesalpiniaceae Cynometra insularis Ind X X 

Caesalpiniaceae Kingiodendron platycarpum End X X 

Capparaceae Capparis quiniflora Ind X 

Casuarinaceae Casuarina equisitifolia Ind X X 

Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum Ind X X 

Combretaceae Terminalia catappa Ind X X 

Combretaceae Terminalia samoensis Ind X 

Cycadaceae Cycas seemannii Ind X 

Cyperaceae Scleria lithosperma Ind X X 

Davalliaceae Davallia solida Ind X X 

Davalliaceae Nephrolepis biserrata Ind X X 

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum vitiense End X X 

Ebenaceae Diospyros samoensis Ind X X 

Euphorbiaceae Aleurites moluccana Ind X X 

Euphorbiaceae Drypetes vitiensis Ind X 

Euphorbiaceae Excoecaria agallocha Ind X X 

Euphorbiaceae Glochidion vitiense End X X 

Euphorbiaceae Mallotus tiliifolius Ind X X 

Euphorbiaceae Stillingia pacifica Ind X X 

Fabaceae Abrus precatorius Ind X X 

Fabaceae Acacia simplex Ind X X 

Fabaceae Caesalpina bonduc Ind X 

Fabaceae Canavalia sericea Ind X X 

Fabaceae Dendrolobium umbellatum Ind X 

Fabaceae Derris trifoliate Ind X X 

Fabaceae Entada phaseoloides Ind X X 

Fabaceae Erythrina variegate Ind X X 

Fabaceae Intsia bijuga Ind X X 

16

Fabaceae Millettia pinnata Ind X X 

Fabaceae Sophora tomentosa Ind X X 

Fabaceae Vigna marina Ind X X 

Flacourtiaceae Caesaria richii End X 

Flacourtiaceae Homalium vitiense End X X 

Goodeniaceae Scaevola taccada Ind X X 

Hernandiaceae Gyrocarpus americanus Ind X X 

Hernandiaceae Hernandia nymphaeifolia Ind X X 

Lethydiaceae Barringtonia asiatica Ind X X 

Malvaceae Hibiscus tiliaceus Ind X X 

Malvaceae Thespesia populnea Ind X X 

Meliaceae Vavaea amicorum Ind X X 

Meliaceae Xylocarpus moluccensis Ind X X 

Mimosaceae Samanea saman Exo X X 

Moraceae Ficus barclayana End X X 

Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Exo X 

Moraceae Ficus prolixa Ind X X 

Myrsinaceae Maesa c.f insularis End X X 

Myrtaceae Eugenia reinwardtiana Ind X X 

Nyctaginaceae Pisonia grandis Ind X X 

Olaceae Ximenia Americana Ind X X 

Orchidaceae Dendrobium sp. Ind X 

Pandanaceae Pandanus tectorius Ind X X 

Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida Exo X X 

Passifloraceae Passiflora suberosa Exo X X 

Poaceae Oplismenus hirtellus Ind X X 

Poaceae Sporobulos cf diander Ind X 

Polypodiaceae Phymatosorus grossus Ind X X 

Rhamnaceae Colubrina asiatica Ind X X 

Rhamnaceae Ventilago vitiensis Ind X X 

Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora stylosa Ind X X 

Rubiaceae Antirhea incospicua Ind X X 

Rubiaceae Guettarda speciosa Ind X X 

Rubiaceae Morinda citrifolia Ind X X 

Rubiaceae Psydrax odorata Ind X X 

Rutaceae Micromelum minutum Ind X X 

Sapindaceae Elattostacys falcata Ind X X 

Sapotaceae Manilkara cf dissecta End X X 

Sapotaceae Planchonella grayana Ind X X 

Thymelaeceae Wikstroemia foetida Ind X X 

Tiliaceae Grewia crenata Ind X X 

Verbanaeceae Lantana camara Exo X X 

Verbanaeceae Vitex trifolia Ind X X 

Verbanecaeae Clerodendrum inerme Ind X X 

17

Summary Report to Fiji Government Departments of Environment, Forestry & Agriculture, July 2010 

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Land Snails of the Fiji Islands: A Summary of their Biodiversity, 

Quarantine & Agricultural Status and Human Health Relationships 

Abstract 

by 

Gilianne Brodie 1 , Gary Barker 2 Alison Haynes 3 & Richard Singh 1 

1 Division of Biology, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji 

2 Landcare New Zealand, Hamilton, New Zealand 

3 Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji 


different genera and 28 families. There are undoubtedly new species to be discovered and 

described. Two hundred and sixteen of the known species are native (indigenous) of which 

167 are endemic (known only from Fiji). The fauna is thus characterised by 77% endemism, 

confirming the importance of the unique Fijian land snail fauna at a national, regional and 

global level. The majority, but not all, of the endemic species are found in native forest. 

In addition, there are 18 introduced species with variable risk levels to agricultural 

productivity, biodiversity loss or human and livestock health. Priorities for land snail species 

conservation assessment, quarantine, health and agricultural risk are provided. The 

consequences of not collating and utilising existing information includes risks to, unique 

biodiversity, human and livestock health, agricultural crop production and in turn will have 

potential economic implications for sustainable livelihoods and trade. 

Background 


recognized by Conservation International as one of 25 key locations for conserving the 

world’s biodiversity. A large proportion of the land-based fauna in this hotspot is endemic (a 

unique occurrence of species within a limited geographic area) but the distribution and status 


invertebrate-animal groups. This lack of baseline information limits our ability to conserve it 

and from this perspective alone documenting Fiji’s land invertebrate biodiversity resources 

are of global conservation importance. 

Globally, land snails are in decline and the unique Pacific Island fauna is particularly 

threatened (Lydeard et al. 2004). Land snail research projects undertaken in Hawaii, Samoa, 

New Caledonia and French Polynesia have found very high levels of endemism but also 

alarmingly that many endemics are either extinct or under considerable threat from habitat 

destruction, human development and/or introduced species (Hadfield 1986, Cowie 2000, 

2004, Bouchet & Abdou 2003, Brescia et al. 2008). 

1


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

The diverse native land snail fauna of Fiji appears to be moving in a similar direction. 

Ecologically and historically the Fijian fauna is primarily connected to areas of native forest, 

a fact vital to understanding that this unique fauna cannot be conserved without protection of 

relatively large areas of native vegetation from land clearing and invasive species, such as 

ants and predatory snails. These latter species are often accidently introduced by humanrelated 

activities such as logging, cattle farming, pig hunting and the movement of crop 

materials from one area to another. 

Over the last 100 years the Fijian land snail fauna has been investigated by a large number 

of overseas visitors and a few Fijian residents (see review by Barker, 2005). As a result of 

this we now have a draft checklist of the land species present in Fiji and an associated 

distributional database. Leading from this an annotated and illustrated catalogue to the Fijian 

land snail fauna is currently in progress (Barker & Bouchet, in preparation). In addition to 

this, collation of basic identification and biological information about Fiji’s introduced land 

snails is now underway at the University of the South Pacific (Biology Division). It is 

expected that this USP project will produce fact sheets, a field guide and a web-based key to 

aid quick identification of introduced species that may pose considerable threat to 

agricultural trade (crop pests) and human health (parasite vectors). 

A Fijian land snail distributional database was developed by Landcare New Zealand and the 

Wildlife Conservation Society with the goal of using the spatial information species and 

communities to assist setting reservation priorities within the Fijian archipelago, and to 

determine the adequacy of environmental domain classifications as surrogates for biotic 

pattern (Barker 2003 & 2005). This work contributed to the “Priority Forests for 

Conservation” network proposed by Olson et al. (2009). This ecological land snail work and 

the distributional database need to be merged and adapted more fully into the current Fijian 

government frameworks. 

There is also a need for local up-skilling and more research in the areas of taxonomy, life 

history and conservation biology plus strengthened development of local access to 

information in usable formats. 

Terminology & Classification 

According to Haynes (1998) land snails in Fiji are collectively referred to as “sici vanua” or 

“sirikoko”. Despite several common endemic and introduced species being relatively large 

(> 35 mm) there appears to be no specific Fijian names for different species. This does not 

result from a lack of historical presence in the environment but could be because snails are 

cryptic and predominantly nocturnal, not often being seen during daylight hours unless 

actively searched for in their daytime refuges. 

Land snails belong to the invertebrate animals a vast group of organisms noticeably 

neglected in our estimates of biodiversity even at a global level. The term land ‘snail’ is used 

in this summary when referring to both ‘snails’ and ‘slugs’. ‘Snail’ refers to a gastropod 

2


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

possessing a fully developed shell, capable of housing the retracted animal. ‘Slug’ refers to 

the gastropod body form where the shell is reduced to the extent that it is no longer capable 

of housing the animal. Slugs are simply snails with a reduced or absent shell. 

Snail Biodiversity 


different genera and 28 families (Table 1). Among these are 37 undescribed species (Barker 

2005; Barker & Bouchet, unpubl. data) but there are undoubtedly more species that await 

discovery. Additionally, Barker (2005) also records an additional 11 described species that 

are of unconfirmed status as their taxonomy is unresolved. 

Of the 245 species known for the Fiji Archipelago 216 are native (indigenous) of which 167 

are endemic (known only from Fiji). The fauna is thus characterised by 77% endemism, 

confirming the importance of the unique Fijian fauna at a national, regional and global level. 

In addition, there are 18 introduced species, comprising a mixture of tropical tramp species 

and a few introductions from further afield. 

How many of Fiji’s native species are threatened is presently unknown however, what is 

certain is that without adequate information to enable species identification and limited 

knowledge on distributions and life history characteristics it is very hard to make informed 

decisions on conservation priorities. And without any conservation measures at all in place 

the words of the snail specialist Alan Solem in 1964 given below will undoubtedly soon be 

true. 

“The famed endemic land snails of the Pacific islands are restricted to the 

rapidly shrinking patches of native forest. In all too short a time the land 

snail fauna of the Pacific islands will consist solely of a homogeneous 

blend of the introduced forms …. It is with a real sense of sadness that I 

have attempted to chronicle for the terrestrial malacologist of 2020 the 

places where the living land snails of Polynesia and Micronesia 

originated!” Solem (1964). 

The majority of the Fiji Island native and endemic land snail fauna appears to be associated 

with native forest habitat (Table 2). However thirty-five members of three different families 

(Assimineidae, Ellobiidae and Truncatellidae) are associated with supralittoral or high 

intertidal habitats. According to Barker (2005) thirty-one of these 35 “high intertidal” species 

are native and this includes six endemic species (Table 3). Four additional species of “high 

intertidal” land snail are described but of unconfirmed taxonomic status. 

Away from the ocean Fiji’s land snail fauna also differs in its habitat location, for example, 30 

species (17% of snail species for which data is available) are generally found to be arboreal 

(in vegetation above ground level) while 137 species are found at ground level (terrestrial) in 

leaf litter or under rotting wood. Only 5% of land snail species for which data is available 

commonly exhibit both arboreal and terrestrial activity (Table 4). 

3


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Based on the unpublished report of Barker (2005) several locations (e.g., isolated islands in 

the Lau Group; Rotuma) have assemblages of native species that should be conserved. The 

most obvious priority is the very isolated island of Rotuma which according to Barker (2005) 

is known for 6 endemic species from 5 different families, including a member of the Pacific 

Island flagship partulid tree snails - a group designated as a high conservation priority for the 

Pacific Island region by the IUCN (Pippard, IUCN-Oceania, pers. comm.). The current status 

of the Rotuman land snail fauna is unknown as there have been no surveys for a century. 

Land snail surveys of Rotuma are a high conservation priority not only because of the 

island’s highly significant land snail records but because of the substantially increased 

extinction-risk levels that will result from the island’s imminent conversion to a registered port 

of entry for the Fijian Islands. Potential new species introductions will without doubt be 

associated with the resulting trade developments. 

Seven of the 28 land snail families found in Fiji consist solely of introduced fauna 

(Valloniidae, Ariophantidae, Subulinidae, Streptaxidae, Bradybaenidae, Agriolimacidae, 

Zonitidae). The family Pupillidae has two introduced species and one endemic member while 

the shell-less family Vaginulidae (= Veronicellidae), commonly known as “leatherleaf” slugs, 

includes two introduced and one native species i.e., Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874). As 

mentioned by Barker (2005) this latter native species is likely to have been confused with the 

introduced members of the family. Unfortunately to date no identification guide or key exists 

to aid identification and separation of this native species from the introduced members of the 

family however preparation of such tools are now in progress. 

Besides the taxonomic identification obstacles, which are currently being addressed, all of 

the eighteen known introduced species are considered to pose some level of potential “risk” 

for either agricultural productivity, biodiversity loss or human and livestock health (Brodie & 

Barker, in review). Some of these species have been present in Fiji for well over 30 years 

(Barker, 1979) and the soon to be published preliminary risk assessment is timely. 

We need to know more about the biology and life history of existing introductions to enable 

more robust and specific risk assessment in the future and we also need to investigate 

lessons learnt else where for preventing avenues (pathways) for further introductions (e.g. 

see Cowie 2008). 

Priority Groups for Quarantine & Human Health 

Fiji is very fortunate in having so far stopped populations of the world’s two most high risk 

invasive land snails; namely the “Rosy Wolf Snail” Euglandina rosea (Férussac 1821) and 

the “Giant African Snail” Lissachatina [Achatina] fulica Bowdich, 1822 from becoming 

established. There is no doubt that the Fiji Government agricultural and quarantine services 

must be duly acknowledged for their hard work in achieving this, when so many of our 

Pacific Island trading partners have already suffered greatly from these two devastating 

invasive species. 

4


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

The Fiji Islands however, does have at least 18 introduced species with variable risk levels 

to agricultural productivity, biodiversity loss or human and livestock health (Brodie & Barker, 

in review). Based on a comparison of our current observations (Mila et al. 2010; Brodie & 

Copeland, submitted; Brodie, in press; Brodie, unpublished data) and past observations 

(Solem, 1978; Barker, 1979; Haynes 1998) some introduced species e.g. Bradybaena 

similaris (Rang, 1831) and Quantula striata (Gray 1834) have obviously increased in 

abundance, at least on the largest island of Viti Levu. 

However, the most worrying “new” snail introduction absent in the reports by Solem (1978) 

and Haynes (1998) is the presence and very obvious increase in abundance and distribution 

of the “semi-slug” Parmarion martensi Simroth 1893 (Figure 1). First officially reported in Fiji 

by Barker (2005), but known from southeast Viti Levu from as early as 1979 this species is 

now numerous and widespread in areas of human habitation, and alarmingly has also 

recently been found (Brodie, in press; Brodie & Copeland, submitted; Brodie unpublished 

data) in three of Fiji’s high priority forest areas highlighted by Olsen et al. (2009). 

In addition to its newly reported highly invasive status in Fiji by Brodie & Barker (in review) P. 

martensi is also considered by these authors as a potential high-risk vector in Fiji for the rat 

lung worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935). This parasitic worm is associated with 

eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Angiostrongylus cantonensis and eosinophilic meningitis 

are already established in Fiji (Alicata 1962, Uchikawa et al. 1984, Sano et al. 1987, Paine et 

al. 1994) and is commonly reported as associated with less “risky” invasive snail species 

such as the “leatherleaf” slug Laevicaulis alte (Férussac, 1822). 

However, recent discovery by the first author of a living Bradybaena similaris (Rang, 1831) in 

salad sold at a popular BBQ take-away stand in Suva City (Figure 2) highlights the reality of 

the potential for future health problems, particularly when many families, communities and 

tourism facilities are being actively encouraged to grow their own salad vegetables. As 

recently highlighted by senior Koronivia Research Station staff (pers. comm.), there is a 

strong need to investigate the life history characteristics and parasite infection levels of all 

introduced land snail species in Fiji. 

Priority Groups for Conservation & Biodiversity Assessment 

Fiji’s 167 endemic land snail species are very diverse, spanning 19 families (Table 1). Two 

groups in particular stand out as achievable species-level conservation priorities. These are: 

(a) Fiji’s 12 endemic species of the taxon Placostylus, eight of which are found on only one 

island each in the Fiji group (see Figure 3 for an idea of what members of this genus look 

like); and (b) members of the taxon Trochomorpha which according to Barker (2005) has at 

least 18 species endemic to Fiji (see Figure 4 for an example of this genus). 

Besides the above groups, two additional groups are highlighted in the literature as 

extinction prone on islands because of their vulnerability to introduced predators – these are 

the microsnails of the family Endodontidae and members of the family Rhytididae. The 

endemic members of the supralittoral snails (families Ellobiidae and Truncatellidae) should 

5


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

also be given some attention as they could well be directly impacted by the affects of climate 

change. 

In addition the families Diplommatinidae and Assimineidae, with 15 and 12 as yet 

undescribed species respectively, should also be taxonomically revised for biodiversity 

assessment purposes. 

Conclusion 

Fiji has a large number of native (endemic and non-endemic) land snail species that require 

detailed conservation assessment. 

Non-endemic natives are also important because Fiji could be significant for conservation if 

these species become threatened or locally extinct elsewhere in their range. 

Introduced species are widening their distribution within Fiji and creating a homogenisation 

of the Fijian land snail fauna just like that already recorded across the Pacific Islands by 

Solem (1964) and Cowie (2001). 

There is a need for, scientific human resource capacity building, specialised training about 

land snails and general awareness raising of the presence and significance of snails in the 

environment, at a local level. Support for at least one postgraduate student scholarship, 

funding for a two-day workshop on introduced snails every two years and an increase in 

media coverage would substantially address these capacity, training and awareness issues. 

For introduced, native and endemic fauna there is an immediate need for collation of existing 

information into a form that can be made readily available for utilisation by resource 

managers and other community stakeholders. Funding is required for the preparation of 

photographic images in the Fiji land snail catalogue currently in progress and also for 

obtaining expert curation of material held in Fiji, as well as repatriation of at least some Fijian 

material held in overseas institutions. 

The consequences of not collating and utilising existing information includes unrecognised 

risks to, unique biodiversity, human and livestock health, agricultural crop production and in 

turn will have potential economic implications for sustainable livelihoods and trade. 

6


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Table 1. Summary of currently known species biodiversity of land snails of the Fiji Islands 

(including Rotuma). Data collated from Barker (2005). 

* Families containing species endemic to Fiji. # Families containing introduced species. 

Super Order Family No. Species No. Genera No. known 

undescribed 

taxa 

Neritopsina Helicinidae* 13 2 3 

Hydrocenidae* 1 1 0 

Architaenioglossa Pupinidae* 2 1 0 

Diplommatinidae* 26 6 15 

Neocyclotidae* 5 2 0 

Caenogastropoda Assimineidae* 30 4 12 

Truncatellidae* 7 2 0 

Vaginulidae # 

3 3 0 

Ellobiidae* 32 9 0 

Succineidae* 1 1 0 

Partulidae* 4 2 0 


Pupillidae # 

3 2 0 

Valloniidae # 

1 1 0 

Bulimulidae* 14 1 0 

Charopidae* 22 8 2 

Endodontidae* 6 3 0 

Euconulidae* 3 2 1 

Helicarionidae* 21 2 1 

Ariophantidae # 

2 2 0 

Microcystidae* 12 3 1 

Trochomorphidae* 19 1 2 

Subulinidae # 

6 4 0 

Rhytididae* 4 3 0 

Streptaxidae # 

2 2 0 

Bradybaenidae # 

1 1 0 

Agriolimacidae # 

Heterobranchia 

1 1 0 

Zonitidae # 

1 1 0 

TOTALS 28 245 72 37 

Table 2. Numbers of “Fijian” snails found in particular habitat locations. Data collated 

from Barker (2005). 

Habitat No. Taxa % of Total Known 

Lowland forest 34 24.1% 

Mid- altitude forest 47 33.3% 

High land forest 40 28.4% 

Supralittoral 20 14.2% 

Other or Habitat unknown 75 

7


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Table 3. Fijian endemic land snail species that can be associated with high intertidal 

or supralittoreal habitats. Source Barker (2005). 


Truncatella avenacea Garrett, 1872 Truncatellidae 

Truncatella granum Garrett, 1872 Truncatellidae 





Table 4. Numbers of “Fijian” snails recorded as found off the ground (arboreal) and at 

ground level (terrestrial). Data collated from Barker (2005). 

Arboreal Terrestrial Arboreal & Terrestrial Unknown 

No. taxa 

% of 

30 137 8 67 

known 17% 78% 

5% 

Not applicable 

8


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Figure 1. Photograph of the introduced invasive snail Parmarion martensi in a Fijian 

village garden. 

Figure 2. Photograph of a living but stressed Bradybaena similaris (Rang, 1831) in 

salad sold at a popular BBQ take-away stand in Suva City. 

9


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Figure 3. Photograph of an endemic member of the snail taxon Placostylus. Found in 

a forested area of Viti Levu. 

Figure 4. Photograph of an endemic member of the snail taxon Trochomorpha found 

in Viti Levu forest. 

10


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

References Cited 

Alicata, J.E. (1962). Observations on the occurrence of the rat-lungworm, Angiostrongylus 

cantonensis in New Caledonia and Fiji. The Journal of Parasitology, 48: 595. 

Barker, G.M. (1979). Report on a malacological expedition to Fiji. Unpublished report 

submitted to Royal Society of New Zealand. 14 pp. 

Barker, G.M. (2003). Biotic regionalization of Fiji and priorities for reserve networks: land 

snails. Technical Report prepared for the Wildlife Conservation Society – South 

Pacific, Suva Fiji. 

Barker, G.M. (2005). Priorities for additions to the Fijian protected natural areas network: an 

assessment based on complementarity in land snail assemblages. New Zealand 

Landcare Research contract report prepared for Wildlife Conservation Society, Suva, 

Fiji. 162 pp. 

Barker, G. M. & Bouchet, P. (in preparation). Annotated and illustrated catalogue to the 

Fijian land snail fauna. 

Bouchet, P. & Abdou, A. (2003). Endemic land snails from the Pacific Islands and the 

museum record: documenting and dating the extinction of the terrestrial 

Assimineidae of the Gambier Islands. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 69(3): 165-170. 

Brescia, F., Pöllabauer, C., Potter, M. & Robertson, A. (2008). A review of the ecology and 

conservation of Placostylus (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Bulimulidae) in New Caledondia. 

Molluscan Research 28(2): 111-122. 

Brodie, G. (in press). Preliminary observations of terrestrial gastropods of the Nakauvadra 

Range, Ra Province, Fiji. Chapter 6. In: Morrison, C. (Ed.). Nakauvadra Biodiversity 

Baseline Study, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of the South Pacific. 

Conservational International RAP Report. 

Brodie, G. & Barker, G. (in review). Introduced land snails and slugs in the Fiji Islands: 

Are there risks involved? 17 pp. Proceedings of Island Invasives: Eradications & 

Management Conference, Auckland New Zealand, February 2010. 

Brodie, G. & Copeland, L. (submitted). Terrestrial land snails & slugs of Nakorotubu & 

Wailotua, Fiji. 12 pp. In: Morrison, C. (Ed.). RAP Report to Conservation 

International. 

Cowie, R.H. (2000). Non-indigenous land and freshwater molluscs in the islands of the 

Pacific: conservation impacts and threats. In: Sherley, G. (Ed.). Invasive Species in 

the Pacific: A Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy. 

Cowie, R.H. (2001). Decline and homogenization of Pacific faunas: the land snails of 

American Samoa. Biological Conservation, 99(2): 207-222. 

Cowie, R.H. 2004. Disappearing snails and alien invasions: the biodiversity/conservation 

interface in the Pacific. Journal of Conchology Special Publications 3: 23-37. 

Cowie, R.H., Hayes, K.A., Tran, C.T. & Meyer, W.M., III. 2008. The horticultural industry as a 

vector of alien snails and slugs: widespread invasions in Hawaii. International Journal 

of Pest Management 54(4): 267-276. 

Hadfield, M.G. (1986). Extinction in Hawaiian achatinelline snails. Malacologia 27: 67-81. 

Haynes, A. (1998). Fijian Land Snails. Unpublished Report of Technical Group 2. National 

Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan preparation for Fiji Government Department of 

Environment. 8 pp. 

11


__________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Lydeard, C., R. Cowie, W. Ponder, A. Bogan, P. Bouchet, S. Clark, K. Cummings, T. Frest, 

O. Gargominy, D. Herbert, R. Hershler, K. Perez, B. Roth, M. Seddon, E. Strong, E. 

and F. Thompson. (2004). The global decline in nonmarine molluscs. BioScience, 54: 

321-330. 

Mila, E., Sheehy, A. Singh, R. & Brodie, G. (2010). A preliminary survey of the land snail 

fauna of the Sigatoka Sand Dune National Park, Sigatoka, Fiji. Report to Fiji National 

Trust. 17 pp. 

Olson, D., Farley, L. Patrick, A., Watling, D, Tuiwawa, M., Masibalavu, V., Lenoa, L., Bogiva, 

A. Qauqau, I., Atherton, J., Caginitoba, A., Tokota’a, M., Prasad, S., Naisilisili, W., 

Raikabula, A., Mailautoka, K., Morely, C. & Allnutt, T. (2009). Priority forests for 

conservation in Fiji: landscapes, hotspots and ecological processes. Oryx, 44(1): 57- 

70. 

Paine, M., Davis, S. & Brown, G. (1994). Severe forms of infection with Angiostrongylus 

cantonensis acquired in Australia and Fiji. Aust N Z J Med., 24: 415-416. 

Sano, M., Ishii, A.I., Clarkson, D.J. & Mataika, J.U. (1987). Epidemiological survey on 

Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Fiji. Kiseichugaku Zasshi, 36:427-429. 

Solem, A. (1964). New records of New Caledonian nonmarine mollusks and an analysis of 

the introduced mollusks. Pacific Science, 18: 130-137. 

Solem, [G.]A. (1978). Land snails from Mothe, Lakemba, and Karoni Islands, Lau 

Archipelago, Fiji. Pacific Science, 32(1): 39–45. 

Uchikawa. R., Takagi, M., Matayoshi, S. & Sato, A. (1984). The presence of Angiostrongylus 

cantonensis in Viti Levu, Fiji. Journal of Helminthology, 58: 231-234. 

12

y 

Forestry Department 

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 

GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES 

ASSESSMENT 2010 

COUNTRY REPORT 

FIJI 

FRA2010/068 

Rome, 2010

The Forest Resources Assessment Programme 

Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, 

national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and up-to-date information 

on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, 

wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological 

diversity and forests’ contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and 

programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. 

FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world’s forests and their management and 

uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest 

Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA 2010). 

The reporting framework for FRA 2010 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management 

acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes variables related to the extent, condition, 

uses and values of forest resources, as well as the policy, legal and institutional framework related to forests. 

More information on the FRA 2010 process and the results - including all the country reports - is available on the 

FRA Web site (www.fao.org/forestry/fra ). 

The Global Forest Resources Assessment process is coordinated by the Forestry Department at FAO 

headquarters in Rome. The contact person for matters related to FRA 2010 is: 

Mette Løyche Wilkie 

Senior Forestry Officer 

FAO Forestry Department 

Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 

Rome 00153, Italy 

E-mail: Mette.LoycheWilkie@fao.org 

Readers can also use the following e-mail address: fra@fao.org 

DISCLAIMER 

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the 

expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United 

Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the 

delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. 

The Global Forest Resources Assessment Country Report Series is designed to document and make 

available the information forming the basis for the FRA reports. The Country Reports have been compiled by 

officially nominated country correspondents in collaboration with FAO staff. Prior to finalisation, these reports 

were subject to validation by forestry authorities in the respective countries. 

2

FRA 2010 – Country Report, Fiji 

Contents 

1 TABLE T1 – EXTENT OF FOREST AND OTHER WOODED LAND................................................ 5 

2 TABLE T2 – FOREST OWNERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT RIGHTS............................................ 10 

3 TABLE T3 – FOREST DESIGNATION AND MANAGEMENT ......................................................... 15 

4 TABLE T4 – FOREST CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................... 20 

5 TABLE T5 – FOREST ESTABLISHMENT AND REFORESTATION............................................. 24 

6 TABLE T6 – GROWING STOCK.......................................................................................................... 27 

7 TABLE T7 – BIOMASS STOCK........................................................................................................... 28 

8 TABLE T8 – CARBON STOCK............................................................................................................ 29 

9 TABLE T9 – FOREST FIRES ............................................................................................................... 30 

10 TABLE T10 – OTHER DISTURBANCES AFFECTING FOREST HEALTH AND VITALITY..... 31 

11 TABLE T11 – WOOD REMOVALS AND VALUE OF REMOVALS ............................................... 32 

12 TABLE T12 – NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS REMOVALS AND VALUE OF REMOVALS35 

13 TABLE T13 – EMPLOYMENT ............................................................................................................... 36 

14 TABLE T14 – POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ....................................................................... 38 

15 TABLE T15 – INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................ 41 

16 TABLE T16 – EDUCATION AND RESEARCH.................................................................................. 43 

17 TABLE T17 – PUBLIC REVENUE COLLECTION AND EXPENDITURE ..................................... 45 

3


Report preparation and contact persons 

The present report was prepared by the following person(s): 

Name 

(FAMILY NAME, 

First name) 

Institution / address E-mail Fax Tables 

Lagataki Samuela Forestry Department HQ samuela_lagataki@yahoo.com +679 3318692 T1-17 

Josua Wakolo 

Akosita Lewai 

Viliame Tupua 


Management Services Division 





josuawakolo@yahoo.com.au +679 3320311 T1-17 

akosita_lewai@yahoo.com +679 3320311 T1,T2,T5 

vtupua@yahoo.com +679 3320311 T3,T4 

Luke Delai Forestry Department HQ vuetald@yahoo.com +679 3318692 

Ilisaniasi Koroi 



kilisaniasi@yahoo.com +679 3320311 

4 

T11,T13,T15b, 

T16 

T11, T13, 

T15b, T16


1 Table T1 – Extent of Forest and Other wooded land 

1.1 FRA 2010 Categories and definitions 

Category Definition 

Forest Land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 meters and a 

canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in 

situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban 

land use. 

Other wooded land Land not classified as “Forest”, spanning more than 0.5 hectares; with trees higher 

than 5 meters and a canopy cover of 5-10 percent, or trees able to reach these 

thresholds in situ; or with a combined cover of shrubs, bushes and trees above 10 

percent. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban 

land use. 

Other land All land that is not classified as “Forest” or “Other wooded land”. 

Other land with tree cover Land classified as “Other land”, spanning more than 0.5 hectares with a canopy 

(Subordinated to “Other cover of more than 10 percent of trees able to reach a height of 5 meters at 

land”) 

maturity. 

Inland water bodies Inland water bodies generally include major rivers, lakes and water reservoirs. 

1.2 National data 

1.2.1 Data sources 

References to sources Quality 

Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments 

of information (H/M/L) 

Forestry department H Natural Forest Plantations 1991 1991 National Forest 

Fiji. NFI Report 

Coconut 

Inventory Report 

1993 

Mangroves 

Forestry Department H Pine Plantation areas 1990 - Appendix 1 of the Report 

Annual Reports 

1992 Pines (Plantation lease in 

Mahogany Plantation areas 1996- T2) 

1998 Mahogany (Crown lease in 

2000 T2) 

Ministry of 

H Forest Statistics 1998 Forestry Facts and Figures 

Agriculture. 1998. 

Areas 

Basic forest statistics 

GTZ Pacific regional 

Volumes 

forestry project 

Fires 

Imports 

Exports 

Fiji Pine Limited. H Plantations 1999 

Annual Report. Chief 

Executive Officers 

Report 

2002 

Forestry department H Natural forest, plantation 2002 Forest Area Calculations 

Fiji. 2002. 

stored in Excel spreadsheet 

Unpublished NFI 

report. 

(NFI Summary.xls) 

Forestry department H Natural Forest Plantations 1993 2008 National Forest 


Coconut 


1993 

Mangroves 

Forestry department 

Natural Forest Plantations 2009 2008 National Forest 


Coconut 


2008 

Mangroves 

FAOSTAT. 2009 M Inland water bodies 

5


1.2.2 Classification and definitions 

National class Definition 

Closed Forest Natural forest with crown cover by trees and / or ferns 40-100% and ground 

coverage by, palm and / or bamboo over 20% 

Open Forest Natural forest with crown cover by trees and / or ferns 10-40% and ground 

coverage by, palm and / or bamboo 50-80% 

Forest Plantations Man made forests with planted tree species 

Mangrove forest Forest occurring below the high tide water mark with high occurrence of 

mangrove species 

Coconut plantations Areas under coconut plantations 

Non-Forest All other land that does not qualify under any of the forest classifications 

Inland Water bodies Land areas covered under major rivers, lakes, and water dams 

1.2.3 Original data 

National class (1000 

ha) 

1990 1991 1992 1996 1997 1998 2002 2007 

Closed Forest 704.856 556.385 

Open Forest 152.665 342.845 

Pine plantations 43.63 49.62 51.56 51.38 51.38 52.88 48.59 93.524 

Hardwood plantations 36.24 39.22 41.64 50.23 50.69 51.4 52.33 60.448 

Coconut plantations 34.56 27.137 



Total land area 946.361 * 1,729 

*Excludes area of coconut plantations. 

Comments: 

Fiji now has a new forest definition which was used during the latest NFI which was carried 

out from 2006-2008. Under the new forest definition, the former Dense and Medium Dense 

Forest classes are now combined to form the current forest class “Closed Forest”; the former 

class “Scattered Forest” is now called “Open Forest”. Therefore, the row “Closed Forest” in 

table 1.2.3, is the total of the old classes “Dense and Medium Dense Forests” in years 1991 and 

2007. 

The classes “Non Forests” and “Inland Water Bodies” are now calculated for the first time and 

therefore did not appear in the 1991 data. 

Forest Areas are calculated using satellite data recorded in 2000, NFI mapping and field 

verification were done from 2006-2008, the dataset is referred to as 2007 dataset. 

6


1.3 Analysis and processing of national data 

1.3.1 Calibration 

National class (1000 ha) 1000 hectares 

Closed Forest 556.385 

Open Forest 342.845 

Pine plantations 93.524 

Hardwood plantations 60.448 

Coconut plantations 27.137 



Total land area 1,729 

Calculating the calibration Factor 

Total land area according to FAOSTAT 1 827 

Calibration factor 1.05644675 

Calibrated National data 

National class (1 000 ha) 1 000 hectares 









1.3.2 Estimation and forecasting 

Estimation 

National class (1000 ha) 1991 2007 ∆ Area Num of yrs ∆/year 

Closed Forest 704.856 587.791 -117.065 16 -7.3166 

Open Forest 223.53 362.198 138.668 16 8.666 

Pine plantations 49.62 98.803 49.183 16 3.074 

Hardwood plantations 39.22 63.860 24.64 16 1.54 

Coconut plantations 34.56 28.669 -5.891 16 -0.368 

Non-forests 665.387 0 

Inland water 

20.292 0 


Comments: 

The data for 1991 and 2007 are now the two most reliable sets of forest area data from which a 

linear forest area extrapolation for 1990, and 2010 was done, and also the interpolation for the 

2000 and 2005 forest areas, since these are actual NFI years and the figures are from the actual 

NFI datasets within those two years. 

7


The total increase in open forests of 138668 hectares in 16 years comes from two sources: the 

reduced closed forest area of 117,065 hectares; and the balance of 21603 come from the areas 

that were defined as non forest during the 1991 NFI but are now defined as forest under the 

new Fiji forest definition, these balance area may seem small, the rest may have disappeared 

due to deforestation through agricultural activities. The re-defined threshold for forest is from 4 

hectares in the 1991 NFI down to 0.5 hectares in the 2007 NFI. 

Forecasting 

National class (1000 ha) 1990 2000 2005 2010 

Closed Forest 702.747 639.0066 602.4236 565.8406 

Open Forest 225.639 301.524 344.854 388.184 



Coconut plantations 34.297 31.248 29.408 27.568 

Non-forests 685.679 685.679 685.679 


Total land area 1,827 1,827 1,827 1,827 

1.3.3 Reclassification into FRA 2010 categories 

National classes 

Forest OWL Other Land OLWTC 

Closed forest 100% 

Open forest 70% 20% 10% 

Pine plantation 100% 

Hardwood plantation 100% 

Coconut Plantation 100% 

Comments: 

The Fiji NFI uses LandSat 7 satellite data for the classification of forest areas of everything 

with tree cover starting from 0.5 hectares and above from which forests are further categorised 

into the two forest density classes of Closed and Open forests. 

The figures maintained by FAOSTAT have been used for reporting on Inland water bodies. 

8


1.4 Data for Table T1 

FRA 2010 categories 

1990 

Area (1000 hectares) 

2000 2005 2010 

Forest 952.9 980.44 997.26 1014.08 

Other wooded land 45.1 60.3 68.97 77.64 

Other land 829.0 786.26 760.77 735.28 

...of which with tree cover 56.9 61.4 63.893 66.39 

Inland water bodies 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 1,827 1,827 1,827 1,827 

The Forest areas is derived from the calibrated forest area stats for which it comprises of 

Closed Forest, Plantations (Pine and Hardwood) and 70% of Open Forest. The other wooded 

land (OWL)is dominantly 20% of open forest. The other land with tree cover (OLWTC) is 10% 

of Open Forest and Coconut plantations. 

1.5 Comments to Table T1 

Variable / category Comments related to data, definitions, 

etc. 

Forest An area of approximately 40 000 

hectares of mangroves is not included in 

the total forest area. The reason for 

exclusion is that the area of mangroves 

is not included in the total land area. 

Other wooded land 

Other land Calculated as total land area less area of 

Forest and area of Other wooded land. 

Other land with tree 

cover 

Inland water bodies The total area of Fiji includes 

approximately 21 (1000 ha) of inland 

water bodies. 

9 

Comments on the reported trend 

The total increase in open forests of 138668 

hectares in 16 years comes from two 

sources: the reduced closed forest area of 

117,065 hectares; and the balance of 21603 

come from the areas that were defined as 

non forest during the 1991 NFI but are now 

defined as forest under the new Fiji forest 

definition, these balance area may seem 

small, the rest may have disappeared due to 

deforestation through agricultural activities. 

The re-defined threshold for forest is from 4 

hectares in the 1991 NFI down to 0.5 

hectares in the 2007 NFI. 

Since there was no data available for the 

years before 2008, the 2008 value was used 

for the rest of the years back to 1990. 

Other general comments to the table 

The mapping exercise and data validation for the 2008 NFI is still to be finalised, a more refined version for T1 

may appear in the FRA 2015 report. 

Expected year for completion of ongoing/planned national 

forest inventory and/or RS survey / mapping 

Field inventory 2008 

Remote sensing survey / mapping 2009


2 Table T2 – Forest ownership and management rights 



Public ownership Forest owned by the State; or administrative units of the public 

administration; or by institutions or corporations owned by the public 

administration. 

Private ownership Forest owned by individuals, families, communities, private co-operatives, 

corporations and other business entities, private religious and educational 

institutions, pension or investment funds, NGOs, nature conservation 

Individuals 

(sub-category of Private 

ownership) 

Private business entities and 

institutions 


ownership) 

Local communities 


ownership) 

Indigenous / tribal 

communities 


ownership) 

associations and other private institutions. 

Forest owned by individuals and families. 

Forest owned by private corporations, co-operatives, companies and other 

business entities, as well as private non-profit organizations such as NGOs, 

nature conservation associations, and private religious and educational 

institutions, etc. 

Forest owned by a group of individuals belonging to the same community 

residing within or in the vicinity of a forest area. The community members 

are co-owners that share exclusive rights and duties, and benefits contribute 

to the community development. 

Forest owned by communities of indigenous or tribal people. 

Other types of ownership Other kind of ownership arrangements not covered by the categories above. 

Also includes areas where ownership is unclear or disputed. 

Categories related to the holder of management rights of public forest resources 

Public Administration 

The Public Administration (or institutions or corporations owned by the 

Public Administration) retains management rights and responsibilities 

within the limits specified by the legislation. 

Individuals/households Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the 

Public Administration to individuals or households through long-term 

leases or management agreements. 

Private institutions 

Communities 

Other form of management 

rights 

Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the 

Public Administration to corporations, other business entities, private cooperatives, 

private non-profit institutions and associations, etc., through 

long-term leases or management agreements. 

Forest management rights and responsibilities are transferred from the 

Public Administration to local communities (including indigenous and 

tribal communities) through long-term leases or management agreements. 

Forests for which the transfer of management rights does not belong to any 

of the categories mentioned above. 

10




References to sources of Quality Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments 

information 

(H/M/L) 

Lands Department Fiji H 2009 Land tenure definitions 

Native Lands Trust Board H 2009 Land tenure definitions 



Native Land Land communally owned by indigenous land owners. 

State Land Land owned by the Government. 

Freehold Land Land owned (bought outright) by individuals 

Leased Land 

The land on which the two large plantations (mahogany & pine) are leased by 

the company from indigenous owners. 


National Classes (1000ha.) Freehold Native State Total 

Closed 31.958 523.938 27.737 583.631 

Open 23.172 182.664 12.756 218.59 

Plantation 10.531 100.813 16.510 127.853 

Coconut 4.537 8.517 0.228 13.281 

Non Forest 108.684 489.362 43.582 641.627 

Inland Water 0 0 0 0 

Total 178.882 1,305.293 100.814 1,584.988 

Comments: The above table is obtained from area calculations from the Forestry Land tenure 

GIS layers, however at the end, the totals don’t add up to the national land area total. This will 

need another calibration of the dataset to increase the total area by 242 012 hectares. 

It is understood that 85% of the total land area for Fiji is communally owned by natives. The 

total land area under the Native category in the above table only account for 71% of the total 

land area. Thus it is clear that the total Native land area needs to be increased. The data 

acquired for this forest statistics is extracted from seven islands and the other 39% can be 

accounted for the other islands which was not undertaken in this exercise. Since most of the 

land is communally owned, some selected areas are not surveyed as in this case due to pending 

ownership issues. 

11


2.3 Analysis and processing of national data. 


Classes (1000 ha) Tenure Areas 



Plantation 127.854 

Coconut 13.282 

Non Forest 640.583 

Inland Water 1.045 

Total 1,584.988 

Calibrating the dataset: 

Calibrated Forest 

Areas 

(B) 

12 

Difference 

(C) (B-A) 

Classes (1000 ha) 

Tenure Areas 

(A) 

Closed Forest 583.631 587.791 4.160 

Open Forest 218.59 362.198 143.608 

Plantation 127.854 162.663 34.809 

Coconut 13.282 28.669 15.388 

Non Forest 640.583 665.387 24.804 

Inland Water 1.045 20.292 19.248 

Total 1,584.988 1827.000 242.014 

Comments: 

Tenure Area (A): Area calculated from the GIS Forest Layers 

Calibrated Area (B): Total Calibrated Forest Area from T1 

Difference (C), (B-A): This difference are added to the Native land areas to bring it up to 

around 85% of total land area and also to match the forest areas in T1 and T2. 

Calibrated dataset: 

Classes Freehold Native State Total 

Closed 31.958 528.10 27.737 587.795 

Open 23.172 326.268 12.756 362.196 

Plantation 10.531 135.619 16.510 162.66 

Coconut 4.537 23.908 0.228 28.673 

Non Forest 108.448 513.444 43.496 665.388 

Inland Water 0.236 19.97 0.086 20.292 

Total 178.882 1,547.309 100.814 1,827 

% 10% 85% 6% 

Increases are done only for the Native forest area.



FRA Categories Freehold Native State 

Public ownership 100% 

Private Ownership 100% 100% 

…of which owned by individuals 100% 

…of which owned by private business entities 

… of which owned by local communities 

… of which owned by indigenous tribal communities 100% 

Other types of ownership 


Table 2a - Forest ownership 

FRA 2010 Categories 

Forest area (1000 hectares) 

1990 2000 2005 

Public ownership 53.176 53.176 53.176 

Private ownership 899.724 927.264 944.084 

...of which owned by individuals n.a. n.a. 58.709 

...of which owned by private business entities and institutions n.a. n.a. 0 

...of which owned by local communities n.a. n.a. 0 

...of which owned by indigenous / tribal communities n.a. n.a. 885.375 

Other types of ownership n.a. n.a. 0 

TOTAL 952.9 980.44 997.26 

The total area of land under public ownership (ie owned by the state), and those under freehold 

ownership has been decreasing since 1990 and the reason for this is that Government has been 

returning to the rightful owners the land that had been acquired form them when Fiji was a 

British Colony. So for 1990 there would be slightly more land under state ownership and 

freehold ownership, and slightly less under Native ownership. This includes both land under 

forests and those not under forests. Around 3% of total land area has shifted from State to 

Private (into Native Land) since 1990 as part of government long term strategy to revert the 

ownership of land to the rightful owners for those land that were unfairly bought. 

Since historical figures are not available on land tenure it would be impossible to do fill back to 

1990, but for the FRA 2015 T2 will have a trend for 5 years. This is the same for T2 and T2b, 

the same values that is calculated for 2008 are used for the year 2005. 

Does ownership of trees coincide with ownership of the Yes 

land on which they are situated? √ No 

If No above, please describe below how the two differ: 

In the mahogany and pine plantations, the companies leased the land for which the 

plantations are grown. As the result the Forest Companies owns the trees while the 

indigenous/ tribal owners own the land. 

Government owns 90% share in the mahogany plantation and over 98% in the pine 

plantation the rest are owned by indigenous landowners 

13


Table 2b - Holder of management rights of public forests 


FRA 2010 Categories 1990 2000 2005 

Public Administration n.a. n.a. 53.176 

Individuals n.a. n.a. 0 

Private corporations and institutions n.a. n.a. 0 

Communities n.a. n.a. 0 

Other n.a. n.a. 0 

TOTAL n.a. n.a. 53.176 


Variable / Comments related to data, definitions, 

category etc. 

Public ownership Mainly state land or previously termed 

“crown” land which was brought about on 

the day of Colonialism for which land 

were subject to the Crown or the 

government. 

Private 

Private ownership can also be Freehold 

ownership land, for which the land belongs to the 

individual(s). 

Other types of 

ownership 

Management 

rights 

Communal Ownership can also be 

classified as Private ownership for which 

the land is managed by the mataqali or 

clan. 

Communities are responsible for 

management and decision making with 

regards to the utilisation of their land and 

forest resources. 

14 


Tenure classified as Stateland remains static 

for most State land are legally binded to 

remain with the State. 

Tenure classified as Freehold lands remain 

static, Freehold land does not get reclassified 

but remain within the control of the 

owner. 

Tenure under the Communal Ownership 

remains static. 

Government is in the process of reverting 

land ownership rights to the original owners. 


Description for all types of land tenure was obtained from the Fiji Department of Lands in 2009, including the 

general trend in the reversion of land ownership from private individuals whom are mostly foreigners to the 

indigenous owners.


3 Table T3 – Forest designation and management 


Term Definition 

Primary designated function The primary function or management objective assigned to a management unit 

either by legal prescription, documented decision of the landowner/manager, or 

evidence provided by documented studies of forest management practices and 

customary use. 

Protected areas Areas especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological 

diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through 

legal or other effective means. 

Categories of primary designated functions 

Production Forest area designated primarily for production of wood, fibre, bio-energy 

and/or non-wood forest products. 

Protection of soil and water Forest area designated primarily for protection of soil and water. 

Conservation of 

biodiversity 

Forest area designated primarily for conservation of biological diversity. 

Includes but is not limited to areas designated for biodiversity conservation 

within the protected areas. 

Social services Forest area designated primarily for social services. 

Multiple use Forest area designated primarily for more than one purpose and where none of 

these alone is considered as the predominant designated function. 

Other Forest areas designated primarily for a function other than production, 

protection, conservation, social services or multiple use. 

No / unknown No or unknown designation. 

Special designation and management categories 

Area of permanent forest 

estate (PFE) 

Forest area within 

protected areas 

Forest area under sustainable 

forest management 

Forest area with 

management plan 



References to sources of 

information 

Forestry Department Fiji 

1991 National Forest 

Inventory 


Fiji. 2002. 

FIJI’S RAINFORESTS 

Our Heritage our future: 

Proceedings Vol.2 by 

Drysdale, P.J. 

National Biodiversity 

Strategy and Action Plan 

(NBSAP) 

Forest area that is designated to be retained as forest and may not be converted 

to other land use. 

Forest area within formally established protected areas independently of the 

purpose for which the protected areas were established. 

To be defined and documented by the country. 

Forest area that has a long-term (ten years or more) documented management 

plan, aiming at defined management goals, which is periodically revised. 

Quality 

(H/M/L) 


H Forest Areas 1991 Total forest area for the different forest 

functions. 

H Forest 2002 Forest area calculations stored in Excel 

plantation 

Spreadsheet (NFI Summary.xls). 

Forest Areas 1988 A general description of the nature and 

H 

extent of Fiji’s forests and plantation 

forests. 

H Forest 

Conservation 

areas 

15 

2007 The document is compiled under the CBD 

action strategy for 

Fiji. Contains forest areas earmarked for 

conservation activities in Fiji.




Plantation forest Man made forests, established for the production of industrial wood; includes 

all mahogany and pine plantations. 

Preserved Forest Areas of natural forest to be maintained in an undisturbed natural condition 

for the preservation of biological values. It includes all biodiversity forest 

conservation areas, forest parks and forest reserves. 

Protection Forest Areas of forest with 30 degrees slope and above. Timber harvesting or other 

forestry operations would be restricted to minor forest products or to manual 

or non-mechanized timber extraction. 

Multiple Use Natural Areas of forests that does not fall under any of the three above, and carrying 

Forest 

indigenous forest vegetation to be maintained under forest cover and to be 

managed for the purpose of timber production, catchment protection, wildlife 

habitat, forest recreation and amenity uses and for minor forest products.. 


(Area units:1000hectares) 

The data for the table T3 is the result of a calculation that is based from the forest areas 

calculated in T1. The data for the following FRA categories are obtained: 

“Production”: The data source for the FRA category “Production” in T3 is the calibrated areas 

from T1 for the four years which includes all plantation areas for pines and mahogany. 

“Protection of soil and water”: The area under this category remains the same from the 

previous estimate. 

“Conservation of biodiversity”: The area under conservation of biodiversity is also the same 

area as that of 1990. 


The total area under “production forest” is the total areas of pine and mahogany plantations for 

the four years. 

Areas classified under protection forests are the same from 1990 to 2005, and decreases for 

2010 as the definition for protection forest under the 2008 NFI has changed to only include 

slope (>30 deg) but includes other factors as: soil erosivity; rainfall seasonality, and rainfall 

intensity. 

Area under Multiple Use is calculated for the years 1990 to 2005 but comes straight from the 

NFI dataset for the year 2007 projected to 2010. 


There is no need to calibrate the area of plantations. The total of Protection natural forest areas, Preserved natural 

forest areas and multiple use forest is calibrated with the T1 forest area less area of plantations. 

16


Calibrated national data: 

Since the areas for Production, Protection, and Preserved Forests, are known, only the area of 

the multiple use is calibrated to match up the national forest area from T1 which includes area 

of Forest and Other Wooded Land. 

National Classes 

1990 

Forest (1000 hectares) 

2000 2005 

Production Forests 85.716 116.957 132.578 

Protection Forests 304.200 304.200 304.200 

Preserved Forests 68.800 68.800 88.800 

Multiple Use Forests 465.701 501.233 498.999 

Total 924 991 1,025 


The projections for 2010 are straight from the 2007 NFI figures for the: Protection; Preserved; 

and Multiple Use. Except for the Production Forest which is from the calibrated estimate from 

T1. 

FRA Categories 

1990 

Forest (1000 hectares) 

2000 2005 2010 

Plantation Forests 85.716 116.957 132.578 176.505 

Protection Forests 304.200 304.200 304.200 92.076 

Preserved Forests 68.800 68.800 88.800 88.800 

Multiple Use Forests 465.701 501.233 498.999 780.563 

Total 924 991 1,025 1137.944 


Prod. Prot. soil & water 

Primary function 

Cons. biodiv. Soc. Ser. Mult. Purp. 

National class 

Plantation Area 100% 

Multiple Use Natural Forest 100% 

Protection Natural Forest 100% 

Preserved Natural Forest 100% 

17



Table 3a – Primary designated function 



2000 2005 2010 

Production 90 130 153 177 

Protection of soil and water 304 304 304 92 

Conservation of biodiversity 69 69 89 89 

Social services 0 0 0 0 

Multiple use 489.9 477.44 451.26 656.08 

Other (please specify in comments below the table) 0 0 0 0 

No / unknown 0 0 0 0 

TOTAL 952.9 980.44 997.26 1014.08 

Table 3b – Special designation and management categories 



1990 2000 2005 2010 

Area of permanent forest estate 0 0 0 0 

Forest area within protected areas 304 304 304 92 

Forest area under sustainable forest management 0.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 

Forest area with management plan 0.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 

18



Variable / Comments related to data, Comments on the reported trend 

category 

definitions, etc. 

Production The increase in the plantation areas is due to the 

expansion in the planting programme in mahogany and 

pine during the period 1990 to 2005. 

Protection of soil 

and water 

Conservation of 

biodiversity 

The reduction in the area classified as protection forest is 

due to the change in definition. During the 2008 NFI, 

protection forests only includes forest areas of 30 degrees 

and above, however, in 1991 it also includes other factors 

as rainfall, soil erosivity, and rainfall intensity, so the 

area covered was much larger. 

In 2005 another 20,000 ha was added to the area of 

conservation forest, but in 2010 the total area of protected 

area in Fiji will dramatically increase due to current boost 

in conservation activities in the country. 

Social services 

Multiple use The increase is due to the re-classification of forest area 

in 2007 in which only slope classes was used to classify 

Protection Forest Areas whereas in 1991 NFI slope was 

used with other factors such as rainfall and soil 

erodibility which increases the area. 

Other 

No / unknown 

designation 

Area of permanent 

forest estate 

Forest area within 

protected areas 

Forest area under 

sustainable forest 

management 

Forest area with 

management plan 

Fiji does not have a 

Permanent Forest Estate 

Around 6,300 hectares from 

the forest area under 

multiple use is under SFM. 

This is a SFM project model 

site. 

The same area of 6,300 

hectares above also has a 

forest management plan 

since 2005. This is a SFM 

project model site. 


Certain Forest Reserve areas were de-reserved in the last 3 years this does not change its status of protection on 

a National Scale. It is only reverted from State to Native for which lease will be paid to the landowners. 

19


4 Table T4 – Forest characteristics 


Term / category Definition 

Naturally regenerated forest Forest predominantly composed of trees established through natural 

regeneration. 

Introduced species A species, subspecies or lower taxon, occurring outside its natural range 

(past or present) and dispersal potential (i.e. outside the range it occupies 

naturally or could occupy without direct or indirect introduction or care 

by humans). 

Characteristics categories 

Primary forest Naturally regenerated forest of native species, where there are no clearly 

visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are 

not significantly disturbed. 

Other naturally regenerated forest Naturally regenerated forest where there are clearly visible indications of 

Other naturally regenerated forest 

of introduced species 

(sub-category) 

human activities. 

Other naturally regenerated forest where the trees are predominantly of 

introduced species. 

Planted forest Forest predominantly composed of trees established through planting 

and/or deliberate seeding. 

Planted forest of introduced species Planted forest, where the planted/seeded trees are predominantly of 

(sub-category) 

Special categories 

introduced species. 

Rubber plantations Forest area with rubber tree plantations. 

Mangroves Area of forest and other wooded land with mangrove vegetation. 

Bamboo Area of forest and other wooded land with predominant bamboo 

vegetation. 




information 

Quality 

(H/M/L) 

Fiji NFI Report 2008 H Forest Areas 



20 

The 2008 NFI report is yet to be 

published in mid 2009 


Mangroves 

All land that lies below the High Tide Water Mark also known as “Crown 

Foreshore” mainly comprised of mangrove species 

Coconut Mainly agricultural land cultivated with coconut palms 

Please refer to T1 and T3 for the rest of the forest definitions.



Calibrated data on forests from T1 

National class (1000 ha) 2000 2005 2010 

Closed Forest 702.747 639.0066 602.4236 565.841 

Open Forest 225.639 301.524 344.854 388.198 



Total area 1021 1071 1101 1131 

Original data on mangroves 

National Class 


1991 2007 

Mangrove forest 42.000 38.742 



No need for calibration of mangrove data and forest areas from T1 are already calibrated 


This needs to be done only for mangroves as Forests and OWL are done from T1 

Estimating the change in mangrove area 


Mangroves 42.000 38.742 -3.258 17 -0.19165 

Forecasting area change in mangroves 

National Cass 

1990 


2000 2005 2010 

Mangroves 41.808 39.892 38.934 37.98 


National Categories 


Primary Forest Other Naturally 

Regenerated Forests 

Planted Forest 

Closed Forest 60% 40% 

Open Forest 20% 80% 

Pine plantations 100% 

Hardwood plantations 100% 

Other naturally regenerated forests are all native species 

Only 70% of the total area of open forest are classified as forest from T1 the rest falls under 

OWL (20%) and OLWTC (10%) 

Pine and Hardwood plantations are all introduced species 

21


All mangroves under the National category are classified as mangroves under the FRA2010 

category. 


Table 4a Characteristics 


FRA 2010 categories 1990 2000 2005 2010 

Primary Forest 489.513 445.362 448.402 449.375 

Other naturally regenerated forest 371.227 404.712 395.422 388.199 

…of which of introduced species 0 0 0 0 

Planted Forest 92.16 130.366 153.436 176.506 

…of which of introduced species 92.16 130.366 153.436 176.506 

TOTAL 952.9 980.44 997.26 1014.08 

Table 4b Special Categories 


1990 


2000 2005 2010 

Rubber plantations (Forest) 0 0 0 0 

Mangroves (Forest and OWL) 86.908 100.192 107.904 115.62 

Bamboo (Forest and OWL) 0 0 0 0 

Mangrove areas are added together with OWL for the reporting years 

22



Variable / 

category 

Primary forest 

Other naturally 

regenerating 

forest 

Comments related to data, definitions, 

etc. 

Planted forest The two main plantation hardwood 

(mahogany) and softwood (pine). 

Rubber 

plantations 

23 


Mangroves Mangroves are also included in the Other 

Wooded Land thus the increase in Table 4B. 

The increase is the inclusion of 20% of the 

Open Forest as derived in T1. 

Bamboo There is no data collected for bamboo. 

Other general comments to the table


5 Table T5 – Forest establishment and reforestation 



Afforestation Establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on 

land that, until then, was not classified as forest. 

Reforestation Re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on 

land classified as forest. 

Natural expansion of forest Expansion of forests through natural succession on land that, until then, 

was under another land use (e.g. forest succession on land previously 

used for agriculture). 




information 

Forestry Dept annual Report ,Fiji 

Pine Limited Area System 

Quality 

(H/M/L) 

Forestry Dept Annual Report H 

Forestry Dept Annual Report H 


H 

Variable(s) Year(s) Additional 

comments 

Fiji Pine Forested 

Areas 

Fiji Hardwood 

1990 -2007 

Cooperation 

Forested Areas 

1990 - 2007 

Fiji Pine Trust 

Forested Areas 

1990-2007 


Afforestation Establishment of forest through planting programme on land that, until then, was 

not classified as forest. 

Reforestation Re establishment of forests through planting programme and or deliberate 

seedling on land classified as forest. 

Natural expansion of Expansion of forest through natural succession on land that, until then,was under 

forests 

another land use (forest succession on land previously used for agriculture 

Original data 

5.2.3 Calibrated National data 

National class (1 000 ha) 1 000 hectares 







Inland water 0 


* Calibrated data from T1. 

24


National class (1000 ha) 1990 1991 1992 1996 1997 1998 2002 2007 

Fiji Pine Limited plantations 0.622 0.921 1.246 1.499 1.698 2.053 4.109 1.250 

Fiji Hardwood plantations 4.714 2.986 3.122 2.298 1.231 0.000 4.407 0.044 

Fiji Pine Extension Plantation 0.441 0.215 0.339 0.491 0.372 0.000 0.000 0.050 

Forestry Dept Extension Division 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.111 0.000 

*Data extracted from Forestry Department Annual Report 1990-2007 


Fiji Pine Limited plantations 0.930 3.081 1.250 

Fiji Hardwood plantations 3.607 2.204 0.044 

Fiji Pine Extension Plantation 0.332 0.000 0.050 

Forestry Dept Extension Division 0.000 0.063 0.000 

* Data are in accordance to average of five years! (1988-1992: 1990), (1998-2002: 2000), (2003-2007), 2005 



There is no calibration for this table as data is average for the years. 



Fiji Pine plantations 0.921 1.250 0.3 16.0 0.021 

Fiji Hardwood plantations 2.986 0.044 -2.9 16.0 0.184 

Fiji Pine Extension Plantation 0.215 0.050 -0.2 16.0 0.010 

Forestry Department Extension Division 0.0 16.0 0.000 

Afforestation 


Fiji Pine Limited plantations 0.941 1.106 1.209 1.311 

Fiji Pine Extension Plantation 0.205 0.122 0.070 0.018 

Reforestation 


Fiji Hardwood plantations 2.802 1.331 0.411 0.000 

Forestry Dept Extension Division 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 

25




FRA 2010 categories 1990 2000 2005 2010 

Fiji Pine Limited Plantation 0.941 1.106 1.209 1.311 

Fiji Hardwood Coperation Limited 2.802 1.331 0.411 0.000 

Fiji Pine Extension Plantation 0.205 0.122 0.070 0.018 

Forestry Department Extension Division 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 

TOTAL 3.948 2.559 1.690 1.330 


Annual forest establishment 

(hectares/year) 

26 

...of which of introduced species 

(hectares/year) 

FRA 2010 Categories 1990 2000 2005 2010 1990 2000 2005 2010 

Afforestation 1.146 1.228 1.279 1.330 1.146 1.228 1.279 1.330 

Reforestation 2.802 1.331 0.411 0.000 2.802 1.331 0.411 0.000 

...of which on areas previously planted 920 988 1023 1130 920 988 1023 1130 

Natural expansion of forest n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 

Note: The figures for the reporting years refer to the averages for the 5-year periods 1988-1992, 1998-2002 and 

2003-2007 respectively. 


Variable / 

category 

Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Comments on the reported trend 

Afforestation Data acquired from the Fiji Pine Limited for new The Afforestation in the trend showing 

planting or extend of pine areas. These are introduced is increasing due to various barren 

species Pinus caribaea. 

lands or grassland being afforested. 

Reforestation The reforestation of Hardwood plantation which is 

mainly of Swietenia Macrophylla (Mahogany) 

introduced species not native to Fiji. 

Natural expansion 

of forest 

There is no data that is relevant for this definition due 

to the change in classification over the years in the last 

National Forest Inventory from deriving forest in 

crown density to canopy cover there has been no work 

carried out to determine the natural expansion of forest. 

Highlights decreasing trend since 

reforesting of Hardwood Plantation 

starts to decline after 1998. 

No trends reported on no data 

available. 


The data obtained for the Reforestation and Afforestation is acquired from the forest related organisations that 

has leased land for which will be allocated for plantation purposes. Data for Afforestation is acquired from Fiji 

Pine Limited which manages a large area of pine/softwood plantations and reforestation acquired from Fiji 

Hardwood Corporation Limited which manages the Mahogany plantations. Data are also acquired from the 

Extension Division within the Forestry Department which facilitates the nursery for various indigenous species 

in the provision of seedlings which are readily available at a cost.


6 Table T6 – Growing stock 

The 2007 NFI data collection was lesser comprehensive than the 1991 NFI. Information on 

upper bole diameters and top end diameters including branch sizes were not collected. Thus 

there is insufficient data to calculate growing stock for T6, Biomass for T7, and Carbon stock 

for T8. 

27


7 Table T7 – Biomass stock 

Information is not available for this reporting table. 

28


8 Table T8 – Carbon stock 


29


9 Table T9 – Forest fires 


30


10 Table T10 – Other disturbances affecting forest health and vitality 


31


11 Table T11 – Wood removals and value of removals 



Industrial roundwood The wood removed (volume of roundwood under bark) for production of goods 

removals 

and services other than energy production (woodfuel). 

Woodfuel removals The wood removed for energy production purposes, regardless whether for 

industrial, commercial or domestic use. 




information 

Quality 

(H/M/L) 

DOF Annual Report H 

Divisional Reports H 



Log 

Volumes 

Minor 

forests 

produce & 

Commercial 

undertaking 

32 

1990,2007 

Appendix III Timber Production 

Statistics – 1990 to 2007 

1990,2007 Annual Report 


Includes all round wood removals from indigenous, plantation softwood and 

Industrial wood removal plantation hardwood forests (under bark) excluding fuel wood removal for 

domestic and commercial consumptions 

Includes all fuel wood removals for commercial and domestic consumptions 

Wood fuel removal 

and excluding charcoal and mangroves removals 


National Class 

(1000 m 3 ) 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Indigenous 98.846 101.971 132.293 101.859 104.484 79.480 45.122 

Softwood 100.087 227.316 284.121 315.655 335.719 326.821 336.111 

Hardwood 7.416 3.822 15.753 16.910 17.406 37.216 50.092 

Wood fuel 3.741 7.374 6.005 199.622 206.107 200.749 215.512 

Note: Volume under bark 

VALUES 

(F$000) 

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Round Logs 2,181,973.26 3,159,390.60 4,313,462.00 3,490,821.00 3,808,604.00 2,566464.48 2,82632.82 

Wood fuel 7,958.33 20,146.29 6,024.95 14,625.00 10,683.00 12,830.40 12,861.93





National Class 1990 2000 2005 2010 

Indigenous 127.629 107.106 92.647 100.000 

Plantation Softwood 113.439 141.997 319.685 500.000 

Plantation Hardwood 35.734 0.169 27.475 100.000 

Wood Fuel 14.425 1.188 165.599 166.787 

Total 291.227 250.46 605.406 866.787 

*1990 and 2000 data extracted from FRA2005. 

*data for 2005 is the average for 2003-2007. 


National Class Industrial wood removal Wood fuel removal 

Indigenous 100% 

Plantation Softwood 100% 

Plantation Hardwood 100% 

Wood Fuel 100% 


Industrial round wood removals 

Wood fuel removals 

FRA 2010 Category 1990 2000 2005 2010 1990 2000 2005 2010 

Total volume (1000 m 3 u.b.) 

... of which from forest 

Unit value (local currency / m 

318.322 286.662 505.778 805 16.588 22.42 190.438 191.805 

3 

u.b.) 65 72 80 89 7 8 9 10 

Total value (1000 local currency) 20,691 20,640 40,462 71,645 116 179 1,714 1,918 

Note: The figures for the reporting years refer to the averages of annually affected areas for the 5-year periods 

1988-1992, 1998-2002 and 2003-2007 respectively. 

1990 2000 2005 

Name of local currency FJD FJD FJD 

33



Variable / 

category 

Total volume of 

industrial round 

wood removals 

Total volume of 

wood fuel 

removals 

Comments related to data, definitions, 

etc. 

Volumes for round logs under bark and 

sourced from indigenous and plantation 

forests 

Volumes for all types of fuel wood 

excluding charcoal and poles 

34 


Volumes removed are expected to increase for 

mahogany due to new sawmills and logging 

contractors entering. Also softwood volumes 

expected to rise when an additional processing 

plant comes on line 

The increase in fuel wood intake is due to the 

heavy reliance by manufacturing industries on 

hog fuel. This is mainly due to the rising fuel 

costs 

Unit value Based on local currency/m3 under bark Unit value is estimated backwards from current 

best estimate of current log prices. 

Total value Total value of logs from indigenous and 

plantation forests 


Total value is derived from the averages of the 

reporting years for the 5 year periods.


12 Table T12 – Non-wood forest products removals and value of 

removals 


35


13 Table T13 – Employment 



Full-time equivalents A measurement equal to one person working full-time during a specified 

(FTE) 

reference period. 

Employment Includes all persons in paid employment or self-employment. 

Paid employment 

Persons who during a specified reference period performed some work for 

wage or salary in cash or in kind. 

Self-employment Persons who during a specified reference period performed some work for 

profit or family gain in cash or in kind (e.g. employers, own-account workers, 

members of producers' cooperatives, contributing family workers). 



References to sources of Quality Variable(s) Year(s) Additional comments 

information 

(H/M/L) 

Forestry Facts & Figures 

(GTZ)1998 

H 1999 Forestry Facts & Figures Fiji 1998. 

Bureau of Statistics H 1986- 

1990 

1993- 

1996 

Employment in the Forestry sector. 

Forestry Annual Report H 

2001 - 

2007 

Employment in the Forestry sector 



Forestry Includes all Forestry technical staff. 

Logging Includes employees in the logging industry, excluding owners. 


National Class 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Forestry 183 281 291 155 163 219 149 

Logging 982 982 912 1141 1338 1404 1250 

Total 1165 1263 1203 1296 1491 1613 1399 

36





National Class 1990 2000 2005 2010 

Forestry 268 198 163 142 

Logging 1998 1558 1338 1206 

Total 303 232 1491 1399 

*Note: Data on 1990 and 2000 extracted from FRA2005. 

*Data for 2005 average from 2003-2007. 

Growth in employment from 2000 to 2005 is due to the harvesting of mahogany plantations 

Forestry – The decrease in staffing is due to the compulsory retirement at the age of 55 years 

Logging – More jobs on logging as a result of mahogany harvesting and is still increasing based on pending 

applications from companies that wish to harvest and process mahogany including the new softwood 

processing plant that will come on line soon. 



*No data available. 

FRA 2010 Category 

Employment in primary production of goods 

...of which paid employment 

...of which self-employment 

Employment in management of protected areas 

37 

Employment (1000 years FTE) 

1990 2000 2005


14 Table T14 – Policy and legal framework 



Forest policy A set of orientations and principles of actions adopted by public authorities in 

harmony with national socio-economic and environmental policies in a given 

country to guide future decisions in relation to the management, use and 

conservation of forest and tree resources for the benefit of society. 

Forest policy A document that describes the objectives, priorities and means for implementation 

statement 

National forest 

programme (nfp) 

Law (Act or Code) 

on forest 


of the forest policy. 

Indicate the existence of the following (2008) 

A generic expression that refers to a wide range of approaches towards forest policy 

formulation, planning and implementation at national and sub-national levels. The 

national forest programme provides a framework and guidance for country-driven 

forest sector development with participation of all stakeholders and in consistence 

with policies of other sectors and international policies. 

A set of rules enacted by the legislative authority of a country regulating the access, 

management, conservation and use of forest resources. 

Forest policy statement with national scope 

Yes 

No 

If Yes above, provide: 

Year of endorsement 

Reference to document 

2007 

Fiji Forest Policy 2007 

National forest programme (nfp) 

Name of nfp in country 

Starting year 

 

Yes 

No 

In formulation 

If Yes above, provide: Current status 

In implementation 

Under revision 

Process temporarily suspended 

Reference to document or web Currently being formulated by the Forestry 

site 

Department 

Yes, specific forest law exists 

Law (Act or Code) on forest with national scope 

Yes, but rules on forests are incorporated 

in other (broader) legislation 

No, forest issues are not regulated by 

national legislation 

Year of enactment 1990; 1992 

Forest Decree amendment started in 2008 

If Yes above, provide: Year of latest amendment 

to be completed in 2010; Review of the 

NCOLP is completed awaiting 

endorsement by Government. 

Reference to document Forest Decree 1992 

38


39 

National Code of Logging Practice 1990 

In case the responsibility for forest policy- and/or forest law-making is decentralized, please indicate 

the existence of the following and explain in the comments below the table how the responsibility for 

forest policy- and law-making is organized in your country. 

Sub-national forest policy statements 

If Yes above, indicate the number of regions/states/provinces with forest 

policy statements 

Sub-national Laws (Acts or Codes) on forest 

If Yes above, indicate the number of regions/states/provinces with Laws 

on forests 


Variable / category Comments related to data, definitions, etc. 

Forest policy statement 

with national scope 

National forest programme 

(nfp) 

Law (Act or Code) on 

forest with national scope 

Sub-national forest policy 

statements 

Sub-national Laws (Acts or 

Codes) on forest 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No 

There is only one Forest Policy Document for Fiji containing the Forest Policy 

Statement. 

Fiji is still in the process of setting up its National Forest Programme 

Forest Act (1953) 

Forest Guard Regulations 

Forest Decree 1992 

Forest Sawmills Regulation 1968 

Forest Preservative Treatment Regulation 

Fiji National Code of Logging Practice 1990 

Fiji only have one level of forest policy and it is at national level 

There is no other sub national laws on forests 


Because of the small size of Fiji there is only one layer of legislation and that is at the national lavel.


In case the responsibility for forest policy- and/or forest law-making is decentralized, please indicate 

the existence of the following and explain in the comments below the table how the responsibility for 

forest policy- and law-making is organized in your country. 

Sub-national forest policy statements 

If Yes above, indicate the number of regions/states/provinces with forest 

policy statements 

Sub-national Laws (Acts or Codes) on forest 

If Yes above, indicate the number of regions/states/provinces with Laws 

on forests 


Variable / category Comments related to data, definitions, etc. 

Forest policy statement 

with national scope 

National forest programme 

(nfp) 

Law (Act or Code) on 

forest with national scope 

Sub-national forest policy 

statements 

Sub-national Laws (Acts or 

Codes) on forest 


40 

Yes 

No 

Yes 

No


15 Table T15 – Institutional framework 



Minister responsible for Minister holding the main responsibility for forest issues and the formulation of 

forest policy-making the forest policy. 

Head of Forestry The Head of Forestry is the Government Officer responsible for implementing 

the mandate of the public administration related to forests. 

Level of subordination Number of administrative levels between the Head of Forestry and the Minister. 

University degree Qualification provided by University after a minimum of 3 years of post 

secondary education. 


Table 15a – Institutions 

FRA 2010 Category 2009 

Minister responsible for forest policy formulation : 

please provide full title 

Level of subordination of Head of Forestry within 

the Ministry 

Other public forest agencies at national level 

Institution(s) responsible for forest law enforcement 

Table 15b – Human resources 


Total staff 

...of which with university 

degree or equivalent 

Minister for Primary Industries - responsible for: 

Agriculture; Fisheries; and Forests 

1 st level subordination to Minister 

Permanent Secretary for Fisheries and Forests 

2 nd level subordination to Minister 

Conservator of Forests 

3 

x 

rd level subordination to Minister 

Deputy Conservator of Forests 

(Head of the Forestry Department) 

4 th or lower level subordination to Minister 

Principal Forestry Officers (Head of Divisions) 

Only one, (the Forestry Department) 


Human resources within public forest institutions 

2000 2005 2007 

Number %Female Number %Female Number %Female 

118 3 163 3 167 6 

10 30 15 27 9 22 

41


Notes: 

1. Includes human resources within public forest institutions at sub-national level 

2. Excludes people employed in State-owned enterprises, education and research, as well as temporary / seasonal 

workers. 


Variable / category Comments related to data, definitions, etc. Comments on the 

reported trend 

Minister responsible for There are two Permanent Secretaries that reports to 

forest policy formulation the Minister of Forests: one for Agriculture; and one 

for Fisheries and Forests 

Level of subordination of 

Head of Forestry within the 

Ministry 

Other public forest 

agencies at national level 

Institution(s) responsible 

for forest law enforcement 

Human resources within 

public forest institutions 


Under the Permanent Secretary for Fisheries and 

Forests there are two Directors, the Director for 

Fisheries and the Conservator of Forests. 

The Department is the only agency that is solely 

responsible for forests at the national level. 

The Forestry Department is the only institution that is 

responsible for the enforcement of forest law. 

Mostly dominated by male staff in the past but now 

we are beginning to see more interests from females 

as well. 

42


16 Table T16 – Education and research 



Forest-related education Post-secondary education programme with focus on forests and related subjects. 

Doctor’s degree (PhD) University (or equivalent) education with a total duration of about 8 years. 

Master’s degree (MSc) or 

equivalent 

University (or equivalent) education with a total duration of about five years. 

Bachelor’s degree (BSc) 

or equivalent 

University (or equivalent) education with a duration of about three years. 

Technician certificate or Qualification issued from a technical education institution consisting of 1 to 3 

diploma 

Publicly funded forest 

research centers 




information 

years post secondary education. 

Research centers primarily implementing research programmes on forest 

matters. Funding is mainly public or channelled through public institutions. 

Quality 

(H/M/L) 

Annual Reports H 





43 

1999- 

2000 

2001- 

2007 

Data captured from annual reports 

of divisional forestry offices on staff 

movements/training



Graduation 1) of students in forest-related education 


2000 2005 2008 


Master’s degree (MSc) 

or equivalent 

Bachelor’s degree 

Nil Nil 2 50 1 Nil 

(BSc) or equivalent 

Forest technician 


certificate / diploma Nil Nil 15 13 18 28 

Professionals working in publicly funded forest research centres 2) 


2000 2005 2008 


Doctor’s degree (PhD) 

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 

Master’s degree (MSc) 

or equivalent 

Bachelor’s degree 


(BSc) or equivalent 9 33 15 13 9 22 

Notes: 

1. Graduation refers to the number of students that have successfully completed a Bachelor’s or higher degree or 

achieved a certificate or diploma as forest technician. 

2. Covers degrees in all sciences, not only forestry. 


Variable / category Comments related to data, 


Graduation of students in 

forest-related education 

Professionals working in 

public forest research 

centres 


Includes all degrees in sciences 

relating to forestry 

44 


The increase is due to the graduating 

students from the Forestry Training 

Centre who graduated with a Forest 

Technician Certificate 

The downward trend results from the 

unavailability of forestry scholarships 

for overseas studies. The existing 

scholarship offered by the government 

caters for both categories of the 

employment classes and not 

specifically targeting the upskilling of 

forestry staff


17 Table T17 – Public revenue collection and expenditure 



Forest revenue All government revenue collected from the domestic production and trade of 

forest products and services. For this purpose, forest products include: 

roundwood; sawnwood; wood-based panels; pulp and paper; and non-wood forest 

products. As far as possible, this should include revenue collected by all levels of 

government (i.e. central, regional/provincial and municipal level), but it should 

exclude the income of publicly owned business entities. 

Public expenditure All government expenditure on forest related activities (further defined below). 

Operational expenditure 

(sub-category to Public 

expenditure) 

Transfer payments 

(sub-category to Public 

expenditure) 

Domestic funding 

External funding 




information 


Annual Report 

All government expenditure on public institutions solely engaged in the forest 

sector. Where the forest administration is part of a larger public agency (e.g. 

department or ministry), this should only include the forest sector component of 

the agency’s total expenditure. As far as possible, this should also include other 

institutions (e.g. in research, training and marketing) solely engaged in the forest 

sector, but it should exclude the expenditure of publicly owned business entities. 

All government expenditure on direct financial incentives paid to nongovernment 

and private-sector institutions, enterprises communities or 

individuals operating in the forest sector to implement forest related activities. 

Public expenditure funded from domestic public financial resources, including: 

retained forest revenue; forest-related funds; and allocations from the national 

budget (i.e. from non-forest sector public revenue sources). 

Public expenditure funded from grants and loans from donors, non-governmental 

organisations, international lending agencies and international organisations, 

where such funds are channelled through national public institutions. 

Quality 

(H/M/L) 



H 2005 


Forest revenue All government revenue collected from the domestic production and trade of 

forest products and services. For this purpose, forest products include: 

roundwood; sawnwood; wood-based panels; pulp and paper; and non-wood 

forest products. As far as possible, this should include revenue collected by all 

levels of government (i.e. central, regional/provincial and municipal level), 

but it should exclude the income of publicly owned business entities. 

Domestic funding Public expenditure funded from domestic public financial resources, 

including: retained forest revenue; forest-related funds; and allocations from 

the national budget (i.e. from non-forest sector public revenue sources). 

45



FRA 2010 

Categories 

Revenues 

(1000 local currency)FJD 

2005 

Forest revenue 3819.286 






Table 17a - Forest revenues 

FRA 2010 

Revenues 

(1000 local currency)FJD 

Categories 2000 2005 2010 

Forest revenue 431.469 3819.286 3500 

46


Table 17b - Public expenditure in forest sector by funding source 

Domestic funding External funding 

Total 


(1000 local currency) (1000 local currency) (1000 local currency) 

2000 2005 2000 2005 2000 2005 

Operational expenditure 

Transfer payments 

3894.253 9704.491 3894.253 9704.491 

Total public expenditure 3894.253 9704.491 3894.253 9704.491 

If transfer payments are made for forest 

management and conservation, indicate for what 

specific objective(s) - Please tick all that apply. 

x 

Reforestation 

Afforestation 

Forest inventory and/or planning 

Conservation of forest biodiversity 

Protection of soil and water 

Forest stand improvement 

Establishment or maintenance of protected areas 

Other, specify below 


Variable / category Comments related to data, 


Forest revenue Sources of Revenue: 

- Timber scaling fees 

- Joinery Items 

- Chemical Analysis test 

- Sale of Publication 

(including Logging Plan 

and Volume Assessment) 

and Park fees 

Operational expenditure Funding of Annual Forestry 

programmes 

Transfer payments Funding of Forestry Extension 

Programmes with funds transferred 

from Government to the Private 

Sector. 


47 

Comments on the reported trend

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