Detailed Final Report - Rufford Small Grants

Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Status of Plants in the Mbembe 

Forest Reserve of Donga Mantung Division in the North West Region (NWR) 

of Cameroon. 

Photo: M. N. Sainge © TroPEG 2012. 

Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Status of Plants in the Mbembe Forest Reserve – TroPEG 2012 0

Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Status 

of Plants in the Mbembe Forest Reserve of 

Donga Mantung Division in the North West 

Region of Cameroon 

Report Prepared By 

SAINGE NSANYI Moses 

Contributors 

Moses BAKONCK LIBALAH 

Micheal NGOH LYONGA 

Robin ACHAH ARIFIQUE 

Julius FON NIBA 

Dr. David KENFACK 

October 2012 


a) Hired car b) Camping tents c) Bike transporting equipments 

d) Field layout e) Plant pressing f) Tree data collection 

g) Herb data collection h) Tree diameter measurement i) Drinking water at Buku-up 

j) Grassland savanna plot k) Canopy view savanna l) Grassland savanna 


m) Acacia dealbara n) Sainge in forest Plot o) Forestry 550 for Tree height 

p) Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze. q) Carpolubia alba r) Tree data collection 

s) Pericopsis laxiflora t) Annona senegalensis u) Piliostigma thonningii 

Photos by: M. N. Sainge & M. B. Libalah ©TroPEG 2012 


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

This report is the first elaborate piece of work on the vegetation of the Mbembe forest Reserve 

(MFS) since its creation in 1934 and first boundary demarcation and map production in 1949 and 

1950 respectively. The second demarcation was carried out in 1953. Prior to this survey, nobody 

particularly from our team knew the actual boundary of the reserve. But thanks to this work, we can 

now have some relics of the reserve from the 1949 (fig. 5) and the 1953 map (fig. 6). 

This report summaries the activities and scientific findings of the area supported by the Rufford 

Small grant Foundation and implemented by Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG) 

Cameroon. One of TroPEG’s ideas was to establish a series of one hectare plots on different 

vegetation type (Forest, woodland and grassland savannah) in the Mbembe Forest Reserve area to 

study the Biodiversity and forest structure of the vegetation, carbon stock and the plant usage and 

livelihood of the entire landscape in a sustainable manner. 

During this two months field survey (April & May 2012); four one hectare plots were establish: 2 

plots in woodland savannah, 1 plot in grassland savannah and 1 plot in the forest. Different life 

forms were studied ranging from herbs, shrubs, lianas and trees. The diameter of all shrubs, lianas 

and trees in the various plots were measure at ≥ 10 mm (1 cm) at breast height (1.3 m). Herbs were 

sampled at point counts. Since this forest is very important to the local people as they used the forest 

product for medicine, food (Non-timber forest Product), fuel wood, and building materials we 

employed two traditional practitioners during this survey to document all these aspects. 

A total of 6,679 individual plants (lianas and trees) were tagged in the four plots for tree diversity 

giving about 208 species in 50 families. 2508 individual stems of herbs (Seedling, Sapling and real 

herb) were recorded in about 190 species in 54 families. About 61 species of this total are used for 

medicine, food, fuel wood and building. 

With these preliminary results, we therefore recommend that a more extensive survey be carried out 

in the north-western part of Ndaka and Abbafum, the north-eastern part of Akwese and Assa and in 

part of the Ako central area of the reserve. This will give a better assessment of the biodiversity 

potential and medicinal value of the reserve. 

Although the Mbembe forest reserve falls within the Guinea-Congolian woodland and grassland 

savannah with patches of semi-deciduous lowland forest, it still remains isolated from the main 

Guinea-Congolian forest block. This isolation leads to some challenges and threats facing the 

conservation and sustainable development of this landscape. 

By Sainge Nsanyi Mose 


Table of Contents 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 

Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 5 

List of Tables………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 

List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 

Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 

1.0. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10 

1.1. Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 

1.2. Brief History of Mbembe Area………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 

2.0. Location and Description of the Study Area……………………………………………………………………….. 15 

2.1. Climate………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19 

Figure 8: Month Rainfall records (mm) for MFR from the Ako Weather Station, 2011…….…… 20 

2.2. Topography……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 21 

2.3. Hydrography………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21 

2.4. Fauna…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 21 

2.5. Vegetation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22 

2.6. Vegetation Survey of the Area………………………………………………………………………………………. 23 

2.7. Soil………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 

3.0. Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24 

3.1. Field surveys…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24 

3.2. Plant identification………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 25 

3.3. Data Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 

4.0. Results And Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28 

4.1. GPS Location of Plots……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28 

4.1.1. Woodland Plot 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 

4.1.2. Woodland Plot 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 

4.1.3. Grassland Plot 3…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 

4.1.4. Forest Plot 4…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28 

4.2. Species Diversity and Distribution………………………………………………………………………………… 28 

4.2.1. Tree Diversity……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28 

4.2.2) Herb Diversity………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 42 

4.3. Plants and Livelihood of Mbembe Forest Area………………………………………………………………….. 50 

Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 53 

5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………………. 54 


Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55 

ANNEX……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 56 

Annex 1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 56 

Annex 2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 64 

Annex 3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 65 

References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 74 

Team Members………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 75 

Community Members Involved during this work…………………………………………………………………… 75 


List of Tables 

Table 1: Annual Rainfall distribution (mm) for the Area……………………………………… 20 

Table 2: Tree Diversity per Hectare…………………………………………………………… 29 

Table 3: Tree Diversity per Vegetation type…………………………………………………... 29 

Table 4: Family in Study Area showing Basal Area and Relative Basal Area comprising 

50 families and 5 unknown families…………………………………………………………… 33 

Table 5: Summary of Family, Species and Species Abundance of trees and lianas in the 

Study Area……………………………………………………………………………………... 35 

Table 6: Herb Diversity per hectare…………………………………………………………… 42 

Table 7: Herb Diversity per Vegetation type………………………………………………….. 42 

Table 8: Summary of Family, Species and Abundance of herbs in Study Sites………………. 44 

Table 9: Total Species list of Herbaceous Plants in 4 Study Plots……………………………. 47 

Table 10: Trees and Livelihood……………………………………………………………….. 50 

Table 11: Herb and Livelihood………………………………………………………………... 52 

Table 12: Plot 1 Tree Species list……………………………………………………………… 56 




Table 16: Total Species list of trees and lianas in 4 study plots……………………………….. 61 

Table 17: Species list of Herbs only…………………………………………………………… 64 

Table 18: Trees, and Herbs of Mbembe for livelihood………………………………………… 65 

Table 19: Tree Species Checklist and their IUCN Conservation Status……………………….. 67 

Table 20: Herbaceous Species checklist and their IUCN Conservation Status…………… ….. 71 


List of Figures 

Figure 1: Reserves and National Parks in Cameroon……………………………………….….. 12 

Figure 2: Some localities within the Ako Municipality……………………………………….… 14 

Figure 3: Map Showing the Study Sites…………………………………………………………. 15 

Figure 4: Forest Reserves in Cameroon under United Kingdom Trusteeship, showing 

Mbembe Reserve in 1949. (Digitized by TroPEG)…………………………………………….... 16 

Figure 5: Situation of Mbembe Forest Reserve as in 1949. (Digitized by TroPEG )………….... 17 

Figure 6: Mbembe Forest Reserve…………………………………………………………….… 19 

Figure 7: Monthly Rainfall records (mm) from the Nkambe Government Station, 1956………. 20 

Figure 8: Month Rainfall records (mm) for MFR from the Ako Weather Station, 2011……….. 20 

Figure 9: Map showing the four plots from where samples were collected…………………….. 25 

Figure 10: Comparison of Species diversity across Plots……………………………………….. 30 

Figure 11: Comparison of evenness of Species distribution across Plots……………………….. 30 

Figure 12: Comparison of Species richness across Plots………………………………………… 31 

Figure 13: Dominant Species by IVI in Plot 1 (All trees ≥ 1 cm)……………………………….. 31 

Figure 14: Dominant Species by IVI in Plot 2 (All trees ≥1 cm)……………………………….. 32 

Figure 15: Dominant Species by IVI in Plot 3 (All tree ≥ 1 cm)……………………………….. 32 

Figure 16: Dominant Species by IVI in Plot 4 (All tree ≥ 1 cm)……………………………….. 33 

Figure 17: Comparison of Species diversity across Plots………………………………………. 42 

Figure 18: Comparison of evenness of Species distribution across Plots………………………. 43 

Figure 19: Comparison of Species richness across Plots……………………………………. 43 


Abbreviations 

asl Above sea level 

BA Basal Area 

CBCS Cameroon Biodiversity Conservation Society 

IVI Importance Value Index 

Km2 Square Kilometer 

MFR Mbembe Forest Reserve 

MINFOF Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife 

MINRESI Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation 

MO Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium 

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations 

NWR Northwest Region 

Rel. BA Relative Basal Area 

TroPEG Tropical Plant Exploration Group 

YA National Herbarium of Cameroon in Yaounde 


1.0. Introduction 

Cameroon is one of the most diverse country in Africa in terms of plant biodiversity hosting 

over 7850 plant species (Onana, 2011) with 815 species been threatened (Onana et al. 2011) in 

different vegetation type: the Biafra forest with high rainfall, the Congolese forest, and the semi- 

deciduous forest with low rain fall (Letouzey, 1985). The vegetation of Cameroon ranges from 

lowland evergreen rainforest, semi-deciduous, deciduous, savanna woodland, and savanna 

grassland forest, at different altitudinal gradient of lowland, sub-montane, alpine and montane 

forest (Letouzey, 1985; Achoundong, 2007) and form part of the Guineo-Congolian region of 

endemism (White, 1979). 

This makes Cameroon the top country in tropical Africa for plant species diversity per degree 

square (Barthlott et al. 1996) with more than 5000 species per degree square in parts of South 

west Region and closed to 500 tree species (Thomas et al. 2003) and over 250 liana species in a 

50 ha plot in central Korup National Park. 

In 1994, Davis et al., suggested that the forest of the cross-border region of Cameroon and 

Nigeria are highly diverse with a high degree of endemism. 

This report presents the findings of a preliminary vegetation survey carried out at the Mbembe 

forest Reserve (MFR) in the Northwest Region of Cameroon and to the border of South-eastern 

Nigeria. 

This area stems as far back as 1926 (Pollock, 1926). In 1934, the Mbembe Native Authority 

forest Reserve was created, and demarcated as a reserve in 1949 (Hussey, 1949). The second 

demarcation of this reserve was carried out in 1953 (Lightbody, 1953). Till date, no detail 

conservation and management strategy plan has been put in place by the Government of 

Cameroon. This keeps us with very little knowledge or nothing on the biodiversity potentials of 

this reserve (Taku, 2004). However, the government of Cameroon is putting in place majors and 

strategy to study and evaluate this area through NGOs such as the Cameroon Biodiversity 

Conservation Society (CBCS) that studied Birds and Reptiles in 2004 and the Tropical Plant 

Exploration Group (TroPEG) to study the vegetation and forest structure of the area. This study 

is the first detail study on the plant diversity of this area, however in 1974, Rene Letouzey who 


is known to be the father of Cameroon Botany collected plants specimens from this area 

(Nkambe, Ako, Abuenshie to Abong) with his team (Satabie, Paul Mezili, and G. Achondong). 

All these will help Government Institutions such as the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife 

(MINFOF), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation (MINRESI) through the National 

Herbarium of Cameroon, and Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection together with 

national and International NGOs to assess the biodiversity potentials and develop a proper 

management strategy plan for this rich ecosystem. Reserves and National Parks in Cameroon 

including Mbembe Forest Reserve are presented in this report (fig. 1). Forest reserves that were 

created in Cameroon under the United Kingdom trusteeship between 1934 and 1949 are also 

presented in this report (fig. 4). The complete checklist of trees and herbs of the sample plots 

and environ are given on table 19 and 20. 

1.1. Objectives 

The overall objective of this project was to assess the Biodiversity and Conservation status of 

plants in the Mbembe, Fungom and Kimbi forest area with emphases on the forest around 

Dumbu, Kwei, Gimbeu and Mayo Binka. The reconnaissance survey carried out was the first 

systematic survey on the vegetation and forest structure in the Mbembe Forest Reserve area 

through forest inventory, and this will in the future help the government in decision-making 

towards conservation, sustainable development and biodiversity policy. The specific objectives 

were: 

To conduct a botanical survey through forest inventory. 

To identify plants with high conservation, sustainable and medicinal value. 

To produce a preliminary checklist of plants of this area. 

To produce a vegetation report of plants of the project area, and publish new species if 

any. 


Figure 1: Reserves and National Parks in Cameroon (Modified after Tchindjang, 2000) 

1.2. Brief History of Mbembe Area 

Documented records of Mbembe started as far back as 1926 as the Mbembe Native Authority in 

the Bamenda division (Pollock, 1926). This area was known to be the “palm oil Country” due to 

its vast number of natural palm trees. This area was composed of 16 villages (The Mbembe 

Native Authority Area): Ako, Akoja (Akwaja), Berabe, Mbandi (Mbande), Andi (Ande), Jevi, 


Mbiribwa, Bogu (Buku), Ndaka, Assa, Akonko (Akwenko), Abonkwa (Abwenkpa), Abbafum, 

Akwonse (Akwesse), Abonse (Abuenshie) and Amba, and covers an area of 667 square miles 

(1727.52 km2) (Newton, 1935) with a population of 5163 inhabitants. At that time, the 

population density stood at 7.7 per square mile i.e. 7.7 people per 2.6 km2. 

The Mbembe forest reserve was created in 1934 (Newton, 1935). The population of this area 

increased to 8434 inhabitants with a population density of 12.6 per square mile (12.6 per 2.6 

km2). With steep and isolated hills, the highest village was Bebe-ketti (Bebe-kette) at 4500 feet 

(1372 m, asl) and the lowest is a quarter in Abonse (Abuenshie) at 850 feet (259.08 m asl) 

(Newton, 1935). 

The flora is variable from open grassland through stunted orchards growth to high forest 

(Pollock, 1926). The valleys, slopes of hills and high ravines are forested particularly between 

Ako, Abonkwa and Ndaka. The plains are mostly with orchard bush of the northern type, with 

vast number of palm trees which makes this area to be known as the “palm oil Country” 

(Newton, 1935). During one of the consultative meetings in Bogu (Buku) Fon Zirimba Eku and 

others were elected as Buku councillors. In May 1952, a conference to discuss the future of 

Mbembe reserve was held at Bamenda and was attended by the Director of Agriculture (Mr. M. 

Park) and the Conservator of Forest (Mr. PC Randell). After the meeting, the Assistant 

Conservator of Forest (Mr. JBIG Ayewoh) took an extensive tour of the Mbembe Reserve, and 

proposed a revised boundary to exist about 30 square miles (78 km2) for the benefit of the 

neighbouring inhabitants. It was then agreed by the provincial Forest Officer in Bamenda to map 

and demarcate the reserve boundaries in great detail again. By March 1953, 109.25 square miles 

(36 sq. miles of high forest and 73.25 sq. miles of savannah): 282.96 km2 (93.24 km2 of high 

forest and 189.72 km2 of savannah) was demarcated (Lightbody, 1953). Hence, our bench mark 

regarding the boundary remains that of the 1949 (fig. 5) and 1953 map (fig. 6). The 1953 map is 

the current usable map (fig. 6). 


Figure 2: Some localities within the Ako Municipality. Inset: Cameroon Map showing the 

Study Area, Sub-Divisional map with these localities. 


2.0. Location and Description of the Study Area 

The Mbembe area consist of streams, rivers, hills and mountains that stretches to river Donga in 

Abuenshie. It covers an area of 1727.52 km2 (172752 ha) and consist of 16 villages (Pollock, 

1926). It is bounded to the North and east by the river Donga, to the south by Nkambe area and 

to the West by Misaje. Generally the Mbembe area is bounded to the North and East by Nigeria, 

West by Misaje, and South by Nkambe (fig. 2). 

Figure 3: Map Showing the Study Sites 


Figure 4: Forest Reserves in Cameroon under United Kingdom Trusteeship, showing Mbembe 

Reserve in 1949. (Digitized by TroPEG) 


Figure 5: Situation of Mbembe Forest Reserve as in 1949. (Digitized by TroPEG) 

The Mbembe Forest Reserve (MFR) is situated in the Northwest Region of Cameroon between 

latitude 06075’ North and longitude 010074’ East (Fig. 6) covering a surface area of about 

285.75 km2 (28,575 ha) (Google earth; Fig. 6). Although, the 1953 demarcation gave a surface 

area of 282.96 km2 (28,296 ha). Its northern border is Abuenshie which is the last Cameroon 

village to Nigeria closed to river Donga, while its southern border is Nkambe. It’s bounded to 

the east by river Donga, to the northeast by Nigeria and to the west by Ndaka. But due to 

population increase, they lay a big controversy as to where the exact boundary of the reserve is. 

This set us into different school of thoughts, with one of these schools saying that the Mbembe 

Forest Reserve covers Ako, Ndaka and Abuenkpba (Abonkwa) (personal communication). The 


other school, says in 1929; the people of Buku fondom which is made up of six quarters: Buku 

Central (Public), Buku-up, Ayieh, Ekimi, MMra and Akwancha ask the government to remove 

them out of the reserve and to that effect, a text of application was put in place which no body 

has a copy at the moment. This school of thought claims that in 1978, the text of application was 

granted for Buku fondom through Fon Zirimba Eku removing Buku from the reserve. This was 

to enable them use this piece of land for development and farming (personal communication). 

The inhabitants of Buku-up which is one of the quarters that makes up the Buku fondom says 

the reserve covers Ako, Ndaka and Abbafum. However, Ako sub-division which is commonly 

divided into the lower and upper Mbembe, covers five main villages in lower Mbembe: Buku 

with six quarters : (Buku Central (Public), Buku-up, Ayieh, Ekimi, MMra and Akwachia), 

Ndaka with 5 quarters: (Ndaka central, Ekepio, Ngidanjukum, Baraki and Mpentaba; which is a 

disputed land between Ndaka and Abafum), Abbafum with four quarters (Abbafum central, 

Sabungida, Abutu, and Tutuwata), Ako and Abuenshie and the upper Mbembe villages are 

Berabe, Assa, Akwese and Abuenkpba. Administratively, the MFR is located in Ako sub 

division with headquarters in Ako. This preliminary study was carried out in the forest between 

Buku-up and Ndaka (fig. 6). 


Figure 6: Mbembe Forest Reserve 

2.1. Climate 

The climate of the MFR is that of the equatorial Cameroon type which is hot and humid with 

two distinct seasons: dry and rainy seasons. The dry season range from November to March, 

with peaks in January and February, while the rainy season runs from April to October with 

peaks in July and August. At the beginning and end of the rainy season (April and October), 

there are usually very strong monsoon winds accompanied by thunder storms. The temperature 

of this area varies from 12.80C to 36.70C (Pollock, 1926), and rainfall about 3027.172 mm 

(Cordy, 1957). Rainfall data that we received from the Ako weather station shows an annual 

distribution of 1128 mm. 


Figure 7: Monthly Rainfall records (mm) from the Nkambe Government Station, 1956. 

(Source: Cordy, 1957) 

Figure 8: Month Rainfall records (mm) for MFR from the Ako Weather Station, 2011. 

Table 1: Annual Rainfall distribution (mm) for the Area 

Amount of Rainfall (mm) 

Locations Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Total 

Nkambe 1956 0 73 183 131 136 309 741 475 424 292 240 24 3028 

Ako 2011 8 0 55 57 73 219 127 243 291 27 17 11 1128 


2.2. Topography 

The topography of MFR can be described as bowl shape. This is because from Nkambe at an 

altitude of about 1800 m above sea level (asl), there is a steep descend through hills to Berabe at 

about 800 m asl which marks the beginning of the Mbembe forest area (Ako sub division) to 

Ako at less than 300 m asl. To the north towards Abuenshie is fairly flat (259 m), the centre 

Buku and Buku-up is relatively ± 350 m. To the east toward Assa and Akwese, the altitude is 

increased and to the west toward Ndaka and Northwest toward Abbafum, the altitude increases 

to about 1372 m asl on some hills and mountains with harsh dry season. Hence, the altitude of 

the area ranges from 259 m – 1372 m asl. 

2.3. Hydrography 

The MFR has a series of seasonal streams and a few all round streams and rivers that meander 

through the reserve and empty into river Donga which is located to the north, separating 

Cameroon and Nigeria. At the peak of the dry season (January to April) when the streams are 

dried out, the populations are left with pools of dirty water that they share with Fulani cattle’s 

for drinking and bathing. At times they scoop seasonal sand dunes to get fairly clean water for 

drinking. This happens particularly in Buku-up village where my team and I spend one month 

during our inventory before moving to Ndaka. 

River Ako and River Akong are found between Buku and Ako town a distance of about 30 km 

apart. A series of streams and river Ngolo and Nako are found between Abbafum to Buku which 

is about 20 km. Many seasonal streams are found between Buku and Ndaka. 

2.4. Fauna 

A detail survey of the fauna of Mbembe Forest Reserve is necessary. However, preliminary 

survey on the Birds and Reptiles of this area has been carried out (Taku & Njie 2004, Diffo & 

LeBreton 2004). In accordance with Taku & Njie 2004, The Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus 

niloticus), Bell’s Hinged Back Tortoise (Kinixys belliana), Kinixys nogueyi, Rock Python 

(Python sebae), Royal Python (Python regius), Slender or Graceful Chameleon (Chamaeleo 

gracilis), Nile Monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus), forest monitor lizard (Varanus ornatus) are 

threatened according to CITES MINEF Cameroon exist in this area. 

There is high pressure of poaching in the area with the used of local rifles. An interview with 


one of our guides (Mr. Adamu John Gadima) at Ndaka farms testified to the presence of 

Porcupine (Chuku-chuku), Pangolin, Antelope, Chimpanzee, Baboon, White nose monkeys, red 

nose monkeys, Bush pig, red deer, blue deer, Rock Rabbit, Buffalos, Bush Jaka (like Buffalos), 

Leopard, Guinea pig, Squirrel, Bush dog, water dog, Crocodile, Alligator and different species 

of Chameleon in the area. However, during our two months stay in the area we recorded species 

of fauna in the forest such as snakes, red and blue deer, pangolin, bats, some species of 

Monkeys, Bush baby (Potto sp), squirrel, porcupines and many species of insects such as 

termites, black flies, and ants. The various streams and rivers maybe home for many species of 

amphibians. According to Pollock1926, Anthelope, hart hog, wild pig, bush cow (Buffalo), 

Hippopotamus, wild duck, geese, bush fowl and Guinea fowl are found in the area. 

2.5. Vegetation 

The vegetation of the Mbembe FR area is that of the lowland and sub-montane forest from open 

grassland savannah, woodland and semi-deciduous palm tree forest with three vegetation types. 

The evergreen lowland and sub-montane forest, with the forest structure ranging from dense 

herbaceous vegetation, understory species such as Diospyrus mombuttensis, Napoleona sp, 

canopy species like Cola caricaefolia, Anthonotha macrophylla, Millettia excelsa, Pterygota 

mildbraedii, to emergent species like Ceiba pentrandra that grows to a height of about 30 – 40 

m. Lianas of the genera Landolphia, Strychnos, and Dictyophyleba are also common. The 

woodland savanna is open in areas of seasonal bush burning and thick with bushes of 

Chromolana odorata in areas where bush burning is not frequent with common species been 

Nauclea latifolia, Crossopteryx febrifuga, Hymenocardia acida, Annona senegalensis, Lannea 

schimperi, and in the grassland savanna at high elevation species of herb such as Tacca are 

common with over 100 individuals counted in 1-ha, Imperata cylindricum, and trees like 

Daniella oliveri, Terminilia glaucescens, Lophora lanceolata, Allophyllus africana, and 

Cussonia barteri occurring. Liana diversity is poor in both woodland and grassland savanna 

with only species such as Mucuna flagellipes, Adenia cissampeloides, Tetracera alpinia, and 

Cissus sp occurring. Epiphytic Ficus are more diverse in the woodland than forest and grassland 

savanna, also with species of orchids. This area is very diverse in its usage of plant parts as 

medicine and food This survey is the first systematic survey on the vegetation that has been 

carried out in the MFR on three vegetation type: lowland dry forest, woodland and grassland 

savanna based on herbs, lianas, trees and plant uses. In the Mbembe forest area which covers the 

lower and upper Mbembe, a rare type of vegetation exists. In this area, groves of palm trees 


(Elaies guineensis Jacq.) stands grow naturally in the forest within forest stands. When we ask 

the inhabitants, they said this has been going on for over a century from the time of their fore 

fathers. Fruits from these palm stands are dispersed by animals and birds to new locations which 

germinate to new stands, replacing the old stands when they die and nobody owns them. The 

first inhabitant who sees the ripe fruit has the right to harvest. 

2.6. Vegetation Survey of the Area 

The first botanical survey of this area was done by Rene Letouzey in 1965, 1968 and 1974. 

Letouzey and his team: Satabie, Mezili and Achoundong collected less than 200 plant samples 

from this area from Ndu, Nkambe, Berabe, Ako, and Abuenshie to the banks of River Donga 

(Onana, 2011). This was until in the late 1980’s that Cheek, Pollard, and Onana took a detail 

study of the vegetation of the Kilum-Ijim forest reserve in Kom and Oku, The Bali Ngemba and 

Bafut Ngemba reserve. 

Not until recently that the Tropical Plant Exploration Group (TroPEG) has established a 4 ha 

plot as preliminary data for a long term study of the Mbembe forest reserve (MFR). Before now, 

there has been a considerable lack of data and knowledge on the vegetative composition, 

structure and the exact positions and boundaries of the Mbembe forest reserve. Hence, this 

preliminary data will broaden our knowledge on the land used changes, sustainable 

development, and a detail vegetation map of the area. As part of this preliminary study, a 

checklist of trees, herbs, and medicinal plants has been produced and a current vegetation map 

of the area. 

2.7. Soil 

The soils of the area vary from red clay to light sandy loam in the Donga valley, and heavily 

manure with leaves mould in the low valleys. Soils of the hill sides are poor, with the only 

mineral of value being the mica (Pollock, 1926). 


3.0. Methodology 

The above mentioned objectives were achieved through forest inventory and the identification 

of plant specimens in different herbaria: National Herbarium of Cameroon (YA). This study was 

carried out in the forest between Buku-up and Ndaka farms (fig. 3). 

3.1. Field surveys 

Field surveys were done following Condit (1998) and TEAM (2010) methodology. Four 

hectares of (100 x 100 m each) was established at different landscapes, and vegetation type of 

the project area, with 1-ha plot established in the forest, 1-ha in the grassland savanna and 2-ha 

in the woodland savanna. Plots were selected base on physical and human factors like climate, 

altitude, slopes, and degree of forest used. Plot data was replicated independently and randomly 

using quadrants. Woody plants of ≥ 1 cm (10 mm) diameter at breast height (1.3 m) were 

measured using a diameter tape and calliper and identified by a Botanist. All possible liana 

species of the same diameter were also measured and tagged with the aid of a metal wire and 

aluminium nails. This was to keep the tags in place after bush burning. The xy coordinate and 

height of each census individual was also taken for the two woodland plots with the aid of 

measuring tapes and Forestry 550 laser range finder. While in the forest and savanna plots, xy- 

coordinate was not taken, only the height and diameter were taken after tagging. All herbs 

(Seedling, Sapling and real herbs) in a 2 x 2 m quadrate at the centre of each 20 x 20 m quadrate 

were sampled by point count. This 2 x 2 m quadrate were sub divided into 4 sub quadrates that 

were coded as: 1,1; 2,1; 2,2; and 1,2 to ease data collection. In each sub quadrate, when an herb 

is encountered, it is given a number and the abundance of that particular species in the sub 

quadrate is counted and recorded. These numbers are continuous from 1 to infinity in each plot. 

General collections of epiphytes especially Orchids and other flowering and fruiting plant 

species were carried out. 

Plant uses (Ethnobotany) were done intensively on the woodland and grassland plots. This was 

because in the forest plot, the two traditional practitioners whom we employed were not with us. 

However, we also got data on the uses for some few forest species. 

The four corners of each plot (100 x 100 m) were demarcated with a permanent iron rod 10 mm 

in diameter of 50 cm long painted red at the top and the GPS points of all four post taken with 


the aid of a Garmin, 60 Cxmap as follows: 00,00; 00, 100, 100, 00 and 100, 100 (fig. 9). 

Temporal posts were used to separate the 20 x 20 m quadrate with orange ribbons tied at their 

top for visibility. All plots were established northward (facing the north). All data were recorded 

in data sheets in the field and entered in excel software prior to analysis. 

3.2. Plant identification 

Voucher specimens of all or most sampled species were collected, described, pressed, dried and 

sorted into families, genus and morphospecies before taking to the herbarium (National 

Herbarium of Cameroon in Yaounde (YA)) for proper identification. Duplicates were shipped to 

Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium (MO) for thorough identification. Photographs of most 

fertile, high Conservation value and medicinal plants were taken. 

Figure 9: Map showing the four plots from where samples were collected 


3.3. Data Analysis 

Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to calculate basal area, Relative basal area, 

relative density, relative frequency and the Important Value Index (IVI) using Microsoft Excel, 

and word software packages. 

Dallmeier, 1992 formulae for calculating Basal Area (BA), Relative basal area, Relative density, 

Relative frequency and the Important Value Index (IVI) were used: 

Basal Area (BA) = Area occupied by plant at breast height 

Or 

Basal Area (BA) = (pi dbh 2) 

Relative basal area = Basal area of individuals of species 

Biodiversity Assessment and Conservation Status of Plants in the Mbembe Forest Reserve – TroPEG 2012 26 

4 

Sum of all basal area of species 

Relative density = Number of individuals of the species 

Total number of individuals 

Relative density = Density of the species 

Total densities of individuals 

Relative frequency = Frequency of a species 

Sum of all species 

Important Value Index (IVI) = Relative Basal Area + Relative Density + Relative Frequency 

Species with high IVI are the most important species in their specific plots. 

Using Margalef’s index (D) = (S-1)/ln N, as a measure of species richness, 

where, S = No. of species and N= No. of trees 

The Shannon-Weiner Index (H’) which is the most appropriate measure of diversity was used. 

Shannon diversity index (H’) = - Σ pi ln pi 

Where Pi = ni/N, ni = number of individuals of Species, 

X 100 

X 100 

X 100 

X 100

N = total number of individuals, and ln = log basen 

Pielos diversity (J’) 

J’ = H’/H’max. = H’/lnN 


4.0. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

4.1. GPS Location of Plots 

4.1.1. Woodland Plot 1 

00, 00 

00, 100 

100, 00 

100, 100 

4.1.2. Woodland Plot 2 

00, 00 

00, 100 

100, 00 

100, 100 

4.1.3. Grassland Plot 3 

00, 00 

00, 100 

100, 00 

100, 100 

4.1.4. Forest Plot 4 

00, 00 

00, 100 

100, 00 

100, 100 

Latitude 

06° 53’ 22.1” N 

06° 53’ 25.4” N 

06° 53’ 22.6” N 

06° 53’ 25.6” N 

Latitude 

06° 52’ 46.5” N 

06° 52’ 49.7” N 

06° 52’ 46.8” N 

06° 52’ 50.1” N 

Latitude 

06° 50’ 51.8” N 

06° 50’ 54.9” N 

06° 50’ 51.2” N 

06° 50’ 54.3” N 

Latitude 

06° 53’ 11.8” N 

06° 53’ 15.0” N 

06° 53’ 12.1” N 

06° 53’ 15.3” N 

4.2. Species Diversity and Distribution 

Longitude 

010° 36’ 50.9” E 

010° 36’ 50.8” E 

010° 36’ 54.0” E 

010° 36’ 54.0” E 

Longitude 

010° 37’ 26.7” E 

010° 37’ 26.5” E 

010° 37’ 29.9” E 

010° 37’ 29.7” E 

Longitude 

010° 36’ 55.1” E 

010° 36’ 56” E 

010° 36’ 58.6” E 

010° 36’ 59.1” E 

Longitude 

010° 36’ 35.1” E 

010° 36’ 35.0” E 

010° 36’ 38.4” E 

010° 36’ 38” E 

Elevation (m) 


301 

309 

300 

297 

Elevation (m) 

297 

297 

295 

297 

Elevation (m) 

812 

824 

821 

841 

Elevation (m) 

A total of 6,679 individual plants with 7893 individual stems were recorded for trees giving 

about 208 species in 50 families. Five species were not identified to family level. 2508 

322 

312 

313 

303

individual stems of herbs (Seedling, Sapling and real herb) were recorded in about 190 species 

in 54 families in 4 ha. After sorting out about 39 doubtful codes, we were left with about 151 

species. We further sorted out all the seedling and sapling from the herbaceous data (62 species). 

This left us to about 89 species of real herb of which 44 species were properly identified to 

genus and species level (Table 11). Base on our study, about 45 species of trees and 14 species 

of herbs were used as medicine in this locality. Annex 1, 2 and 3 shows a checklist of all these. 

This number show high species richness for the area considering that only 4 ha were sampled. 

Hence the species number will increase when more plots are set up. 

4.2.1. Tree Diversity 

Table 2: Tree Diversity per Hectare 

Parameters Plot 1 (1 ha) Plot 2 (1 ha) Plot 3 (1 

Number of Individual trees 

Number of Stems 

Number of Families 

Number of Genus 

Number of Species 

Total BA (m) 

1099 

1577 

28 

58 

73 

1683.6 

Table 3: Tree Diversity per Vegetation type 


382 

553 

15 

24 

32 

888.96 

ha) 

236 

301 

15 

25 

29 

151.11 

Plot 4 (1 ha) 

4963 

5462 

49 

109 

141 

2674.91 

Parameters Woodland (2ha) Savanna (1ha) Forest (1ha) 






1480 236 4963 

2130 301 5462 

29 15 49 

64 25 106 

82 29 141

Figure 10: Comparison of Species diversity across Plots 

Figure 11: Comparison of evenness of Species distribution across Plots 


Figure 12: Comparison of Species richness across Plots 

Figure 13: Dominant Species by IVI in Plot 1 (All trees ≥ 1 cm) 


Figure 14: Dominant Species by IVI in Plot 2 (All trees ≥1 cm) 

Figure 15: Dominant Species by IVI in Plot 3 (All tree ≥ 1 cm) 


Figure 16: Dominant Species by IVI in Plot 4 (All tree ≥ 1 cm) 

Table 4: Family in Study Area showing Basal Area and Relative Basal Area comprising 50 

families and 5 unknown families 

Family 

Woodland 

Woodland 

Savanna 

Forest 

BA Rel. BA BA Rel. BA BA Rel. BA BA Rel. BA 

? 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.77 0.07 

Anacardiaceae 6.43 0.32 0.59 0.06 3.23 1.33 68.88 1.73 

Annonaceae 33.03 1.65 0.59 0.06 3.35 1.39 4.26 0.11 

Apiaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.49 1.03 0.00 0.00 

Apocynaceae 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.81 0.35 

Araliaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 

Arecaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 967.35* 24.25** 

Asteraceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Bignoniaceae 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.01 2.13 0.88 0.01 0.00 

Bombacaceae 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.04 0.33 

Burseraceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Cecropiaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.40 0.26 

Chrysobalanaceae 0.05 0.00 9.74 1.03 0.00 0.00 225.35* 5.65** 

Clusiaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.48 0.19 

Combretaceae 122.50* 6.13** 129.72* 13.76** 32.73 13.53 0.03 0.00 

Commelinaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Connaraceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.44 0.01 


Dichapetalaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Dilleniaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 

Dioscoreaceae 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Ebenaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Euphorbiaceae 6.11 0.31 0.38 0.04 0.00 0.00 13.15 0.33 

Fabaceae 45.88 2.29 6.15 0.65 138.84* 57.40** 606.59* 15.20** 

Hymenocardiaceae 613.24* 30.67** 51.94 5.51 42.97 17.77 0.00 0.00 

Hypericaceae 7.84 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 

Icacinaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.90 0.40 

Irvingiaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.15 0.05 

Ixonanthaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 

Lauraceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 

Lecythidaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 260.94* 6.54** 

Loganiaceae 0.11 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.84 0.17 

Malvaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.42 2.24 353.98* 8.87** 

Melastomataceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.22 0.56 

Meliaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.91 0.07 

Moraceae 9.69 0.48 16.97 1.80 2.52 1.04 52.71 1.32 

Myristicaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.37 0.49 

Myrtaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 

Ochnaceae 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.08 0.26 0.01 

Oleaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.01 

Pandanaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 

Passifloraceae 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.35 0.41 

Phyllanthaceae 273.98* 13.70** 16.17 1.72 2.80 1.16 289.62* 7.26** 

Polygalaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.84 0.17 

Rubiaceae 874.56* 43.73** 702.22* 74.48** 0.02 0.01 996.95* 24.99** 

Rutaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 

Salicaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.02 

Sapindaceae 1.75 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.70 0.29 6.65 0.17 

Sapotaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 

Ulmaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 

UNK 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

UNKL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 

UNKL2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

UNKP9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 

Verbenaceae 4.44 0.22 8.26 0.88 4.42 1.83 0.84 0.02 

Vitaceae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Total 1999.78 100.00 942.79 100.00 241.88 100.00 3989.63 100.00 

*Families with high Basal Area, **Families with high relative basal Area 


Table 5: Summary of Family, Species and Species Abundance of trees and lianas in the 

Study Area 

Family 

? 

Total No of 

Species 

Anacardiaceae 5 

Annonaceae 8 

Apiaceae 1 

Apocynaceae 10 

Araliaceae 1 

Species Name 

1 ? 1 


Total 

1 ?? 16 

? Total 17 

Lannea microcarpa 73 

Lannea schimperi 16 

Pseudospondias microcarpa 80 

Sorindeia grandifolia 66 

Sorindeia zenkeri 2 

Total Individuals 237 

? ? 5 

Annoa senegalensis 150 

Cleistophyllus staudtii 13 

Monanthotaxis sp 6 

Monodora sp 1 

Monodora zenkeri 32 

Toussaintia hallei 2 

Uvaria sp 3 

Annonaceae Total 212 

Cussonia barteri 9 

Apiaceae Total 9 

Dictyophleba cf setosa 8 

Funtumia elastica 32 

Holarrhena floribunda 12 

Landolphia owariensis 21 

Landolphia sp2 14 

Landolphia sp3 5 

Motandra guineensis 4 

Oncinotis glabrata 3 

Rauvolfia sp 8 

Rauvolfia vomitoria 5 

Apocynaceae Total 112 

Polysia fulvum 3 

Araliaceae Total 3

Arecaceae 1 

Asteraceae 

Bignoniaceae 5 

Bombacaceae 1 

Burseraceae 1 

Cecropiaceae 2 

Chrysobalanaceae 3 

Clusiaceae 2 

Combretaceae 4 

Commelinaceae 1 

Connaraceae 

9 

Elaeis guineensis 102 

Arecaceae Total 102 

Chromolana odorata 1 

Asteraceae Total 1 

Kigellia africana 5 

Markhamia tomentosa 1 

Newbouldia laevis 2 

Stereospermum kunthianum 10 

Stereospermum kunthianum var. dentatum 1 

Bignoniaceae Total 19 

Ceiba pentandra 9 

Bombacaceae Total 9 

Dacryodes klaineana 1 

Burseraceae Total 1 

Musanga cecropioides 5 

Myrianthus arborea 56 

Cecropiaceae Total 61 

Maranthes gabunensis 547 

Parinari curatellifolia 14 

Parinari excelsa 1 

Chrysobalanaceae Total 5 

Mammea africana 3 

Symphonia globulifelia 78 

Clusiaceae Total 81 

Cleriodendron sp 7 

Combretum hispidum 1 

Terminilia glaucescens 145 

Terminilia laxiflora 36 

Combretaceae Total 189 

Palisota ambigua 3 

Commelinaceae Total 3 

Agelaea obliqua 1 

Agelaea paradoxa 7 

Cnestis cf corniculata 1 

Cnestis sp 1 

Connarus griffonianus 20 

Connarus sp 1 

Jaundea pinnata 2 

Rourea sp 6 


Dichapetalaceae 1 

Dilleniaceae 1 

Dioscoreaceae 

Ebenaceae 1 

Euphorbiaceae 

Fabaceae 

1 

7 

28 

Rourea thomsonii 1 

Connaraceae Total 40 

Dichapetalium sp 2 

Dichapetalaceae Total 

Tetracera alnifolia 4 

Dilleniaceae Total 4 

Dioscorea sp 1 

Dioscoreaceae Total 1 

Diospyros mumbuttensis 1 

Ebenaceae Total 1 

Alchonea cordifolia 50 

Erythrococca sp 1 

Macaranga monandra 21 

Maprounea membrenacea 1 

Margariteria discoidea 37 

Spondianthus preussii 77 

Tetrochidium dydimonstemon 4 

Euphorbiaceae Total 191 

? ? 1 

Acacia dealbara 1 

Afzelia africana 10 

Albizia adianthifolia 7 

Albizia ferruginea 3 

Albizia glaberrima 1 

Albizia gummifera 1 

Albizia zygia 2 

Anthonotha macrophylla 520 

Dalbergia cf saxatilis 1 

Dalbergia melanoxylon 12 

Dalbergia sp 4 

Daniellia oliverii 22 

Dialium pachyphyllum 29 

Entada abyssinica 3 

Erythrophleom suavolens 10 

Hylodendron gabunense 51 

Leptoderris ledermannii 1 

Mucuna flagellipes 45 

Newtonia sp 35 

Parkia africana 2 


Hymenocardiaceae 1 

Hypericaceae 4 

Icacinaceae 2 

Irvingiaceae 3 

Ixonanthaceae 1 

Lauraceae 4 

Lecythidaceae 1 

Loganiaceae 7 

Parkia biglobosa 6 

Parkia filicoidea 18 

Pericopsis laxiflora 13 

Piliostigma thonningii 29 

Pterocarpus erinaceus 11 

Pterocarpus mildbraedii 1 

Pterocarpus osun 7 

Fabaceae Total 846 

Hymenocardia acida 407 

Hymenocardiaceae Total 407 

Harungana madagascariensis 74 

Psorospermum corymbiferum 1 

Psorospermum febrifugum 11 

Psorospermum tenuifolium 1 

Hypericaceae Total 87 

Leptaulus sp 77 

Rhaphostylis beniniansis 9 

Icacinaceae Total 8 

Irvingia gabonensis 1 

Irvingia grandifolia 20 

Klaineadoxa gabonensis 2 

Irvingiaceae Total 23 

Phyllocosmus africanus 2 

Ixonanthaceae Total 2 

Beilschmiedia anacardioides 4 

Beilschmiedia mannii 6 

Beilschmiedia sp 1 

Beilschmiedia zenkeri 5 

Lauraceae Total 16 

Napoleona sp 608 

Lecythidaceae Total 608 

Anthocleista djalonensis 4 

Anthocleista schweinfurthii 8 

Anthocleista sp 3 

Strychnos asterantha 17 

Strychnos johnsonii 10 

Strychnos staudtii 14 

Strychnos tricalysioides 23 

Loganiaceae Total 7 


Malvaceae 4 

Melastomataceae 2 

Meliaceae 4 

Moraceae 13 

Myristicaceae 1 

Myrtaceae 1 

Ochnaceae 4 

Oleaceae 1 

Cola caricaefolia 242 

Cola cf cordifolia 95 

Pterygota mildbraedii 1 

Sterculia tragacantha 28 

Malvaceae Total 366 

Dissotis bamendae 3 

Warneckea cinnamomoides 297 

Melastomataceae Total 300 

Entandrophragma angolensis 16 

Trichillia cf megalantha 8 

Trichillia prieureana 2 

Trichillia tessmannii 21 

Meliaceae Total 47 

Antiaris africana 4 

Ficus abutilifolia 1 

Ficus bubu 28 

Ficus glumosa 34 

Ficus kamerunensis 1 

Ficus mucuso 5 

Ficus natalensis 4 

Ficus ovata 4 

Ficus sur 9 

Ficus thonningii 8 

Ficus vogeliana 1 

Millesia excelsa 4 

Trilepisium madagascariense 75 

Moraceae Total 178 

Pycnanthus angolensis 92 

Myristicaceae Total 92 

Eugenia sp 6 

Myrtaceae Total 6 

Lophira lanceolata 1 

Ochna afzelii 5 

Ochna kibbiensis 1 

Rhabdophyllum affine 32 

Ochnaceae Total 39 

Linoceira lingelscheimiana 26 

Oleaceae Total 26 

Pandanaceae 1 Pandanus candelabrum 2 


Passifloraceae 5 

Phyllanthaceae 8 

Polygalaceae 2 

Rubiaceae 22 

Pandanaceae Total 2 

Adenia cissampeloides 1 

Adenia gracilis 2 

Adenia sp 2 

Barteria fistulosa 86 

Deidamia sp 3 

Passifloraceae Total 94 

Antidesma laciniatum 468 

Antidesma venosum 9 

Antidesma vogelianum 2 

Bridelia cf grandis 5 

Bridelia ferruginea 1 

Bridelia scleroneura 304 

Uapaca acuminata 19 

Uapaca guineensis 172 

Phyllanthaceae Total 980 

Atroxima afzeliana 53 

Carpolobia alba 82 

Polygalaceae Total 135 

? ? 3 

Aidia genipiflora 126 

Aidia micrantha 67 

Craterispermum laurinum 506 

Crossopteryx febrifuga 381 

Ixora foliosa 37 

Leptactina anoldiana 3 

Morinda morindioides 5 

Multidentia sp 1 

Nauclea latifolia 118 

Oxyanthus cf setosus 4 

Oxyanthus palidus 2 

Oxyanthus speciosus 4 

Pausinystalia sp 1 

Pavetta bidentata 5 

Pavetta sp 3 

Pavetta staudtii 1 

Psilanthus mannii 20 

Psychotria cf eminiana 1 

Psychotria dorotheae 2 


Rutaceae 2 

Salicaceae 1 

Sapindaceae 5 

Sapotaceae 2 

Ulmaceae 2 

UNK 1 

UNKL 1 

UNKL2 1 

UNKP9 1 

Verbenaceae 3 

Vitaceae 2 

Rutidea sp 5 

Sabicea sp 9 

Rubiaceae Total 1304 

Zanthoxylum sp 1 

Zanthoxylum rubescens 3 

Rutaceae Total 4 

Homalium molle 8 

Salicaceae Total 8 

Allophyllus africanus 1 

Allophyllus bullatus 69 

Blighia welwitschii 4 

Eriocaulum sp 3 

Lecaniodiscus cupanioides 93 

Sapindaceae Total 170 

Synsepalum letouzei 4 

Vincetela sp 2 

Sapotaceae Total 6 

Celtis phillipensis 1 

Urera sp 2 

Ulmaceae Total 3 

UNK 2 

UNK Total 2 

UNKL 1 

UNKL Total 1 

UNKL2 3 

UNKL2 Total 3 

UNKP9 1 

UNKP9 Total 1 

Gmelina arborea 82 

Lippia adoensis 16 

Vitex doniana 14 

Verbenaceae Total 112 

Cissus sp 2 

Cissus sp2 1 

Vitaceae Total 3 

Total 208 7893 


4.2.2 Herb Diversity 

Table 6: Herb Diversity per hectare 

Parameters Plot 1 (1 ha) Plot 2 (1 ha) Plot 3 (1 ha) Plot 4 (1 ha) 






Table 7: Herb Diversity per Vegetation type 

565 639 668 636 

3935 7872 5132 2022 

22 21 22 41 

34 29 29 64 

35 31 32 64 

Parameters Woodland (2ha) Savanna (1ha) Forest (1ha) 






Figure 17: Comparison of Species diversity across Plots 

1204 668 636 

11808 5132 2022 

25 22 41 

41 29 64 

43 32 64 


Figure 18: Comparison of evenness of Species distribution across Plots 

Figure 19: Comparison of Species richness across Plots 


Table 8: Summary of Family, Species and Abundance of herbs in Study Sites 

Family 

? 

Acanthaceae 

Amaranthaceae 

Total No of 

Species 

3 

1 

Species Name 


Total 

?? 322 

? Total 322 

Asythasia gangetica 84 

Dicliptera laxata 27 

Dicliptera sp 10 

Acanthaceae Total 121 

Cyathula protrata 65 

Amaranthaceae Total 65 

Anacardiaceae 

2 

Lannea microcarpa 

Lannea schimperi 

1 

2 

Anacardiaceae Total 3 

Annona senegalensis 23 

Annonaceae 

3 Monanthotaxis sp 

Uvaria sp 

11 

3 

Annonaceae Total 37 

? ? 8 

Baissea axilaria 62 

Apocynaceae 

4 Holarrhena floribunda 

Landolphia sp 

9 

143 

Voacanga bracthiata 4 

Apocynaceae Total 226 

Araceae 1 Nepthelis poissonii 

Araceae Total 

4 

4 

Arecaceae 1 

Elaeis guineensis 

Arecaceae Total 

56 

56 

Asteraceae 3 

Bombacaceae 1 

Brommeliaceae 

Capparidaceae 

1 

1 

Chromolema odorata 310 

Vernonia calvoana 341 

Vernonia guineensis 1161 

Asteraceae Total 1812 

Ceiba pentandra 13 

Bombacaceae Total 13 

?? 125 

Brommeliaceae Total 125 

Ritchiea albersii 3 

Capparidaceae Total 3 

Cecropiaceae 1 Myrianthus arboreus 5 

Cecropiaceae Total 5 

Chrysobalanaceae 1 Maranthes gabunensis 3 

Chrysobalanaceae Total 3 

Clusiaceae 1 Symphonia globulifera 11 

Clusiaceae Total 11 

Combretaceae 1 Terminilia glaucescens 32 

Commelinaceae 3 

Combretaceae Total 32 

Aneilema sp 7 

Palisota ambiqua 11 

Stanfieldiella brachycarpa 4 

Commelinaceae Total 22

Connaraceae 

Convulvolaceae 

Cyperaceae 

Dioscoreaceae 

Dracaenaceae 

1 

3 

2 

3 

1 

Agelaea sp 38 

Connaraceae Total 38 

? ? 2 

Impomea involucrata 32 

Impomea sp 2 

Convulvolaceae Total 36 

Cyperus digitatus 157 

Mariscus alternifolius 4705 

Cyperaceae Total 4862 

Dioscorea abyssinica 42 

Dioscorea dumetorum 11 

Dioscorea preussii 27 

Dioscoreaceae Total 80 

Dracaena oubryana 259 

Dracaenaceae Total 259 

Euphorbiaceae 

2 

Mallotus oppositifolius 

Margareteria discodea 

2 

6 

Euphorbiaceae Total 8 

? ? 296 

Abrus precatorius 14 

Albizia zygia 3 

Anthonotha macrophylla 15 

Bowringia mildbraedii 6 

Dalbergia erinateus 1 

Dalbergia sp 160 

Danielia oliverii 22 

Fabaceae 

17 

Desmodium adsendens 

Desmodium velutinum 

348 

64 

Dialium pachyphyllium 6 

Dichrostachys cinocia 1 

Eriosema montanum 11 

Hylodendron gabunense 42 

Mucuna flagellipes 209 

Pericopsis laxiflora 3 

Piliostigma thoninngii 3 

Uraria picta 1 

Fabaceae Total 1205 

Fern 

2 

Pteris togoensis 

Selaginala sp 

17 

498 

Fern Total 515 

Hymenocardiaceae 1 Hymenocardia acida 

Hymenocardiaceae Total 

39 

39 

Hypericaceae 1 Harungana madagascariensis 

Hypericaceae Total 

11 

11 

Hypoxidaceae 

1 

Curculigo pilosa 

Hypoxidaceae Total 

30 

30 

Lecythidaceae 1 Napoleona sp 

lecythidaceae Total 

3 

3 

Mostruea batesii 6 

Loganiaceae 3 Strychnos sp 

Strychnos tricalysioides 

48 

23 

Loganiaceae Total 77 

Malvaceae 4 Cola caricaefolia 14 


Cola cf cordifolia 36 

Sida rhombifolia 280 

Urena lobata 26 

Malvaceae Total 356 

Maranthaceae 

2 

Hypselodelphys poggeana 

Thalia welwitschii 

7 

28 

Maranthaceae Total 3 

Melastomataceae 2 

Dissotis sp 

Warneckea cinnamomoides 

155 

112 

Melastomataceae Total 267 

Meliaceae 1 Turraea cf leonensis 

Meliaceae Total 

20 

20 

Moraceae 1 Trilepisium madagascariense 

Moraceae Total 

25 

25 

Musaceae 

1 

Ensete livingstonianum 

Musaceae Total 

1 

1 

Myristicaceae 1 Pycnanthus angolensis 5 

Myristicaceae Total 5 

Myrtaceae 1 Zyzagium sp 25 

Ochnaceae 2 

Olacaceae 

1 

Myrtaceae Total 25 

Campylospermum sp 2 

Rhabdophyllum affinis 8 

Ochnaceae Total 10 

Olax subscopioides 2 

Olacaceae Total 2 

Oleaceae 1 Linociera lingelscheimiana 

Oleaceae Total 

2 

2 

Habenaria malacophylla 19 

Orchidaceae 

3 Nervilia reniformis 

Plectrelminthus caudatus 

3 

3 

Orchidaceae Total 25 

Phyllanthaceae 

2 

Antidesma laciniatum 

Bridelia scleroneura 

3 

48 

Phyllanthaceae Total 51 

Piperaceae 

1 

Piper guineensis 

Piperaceae Total 

61 

61 

Poaceae 

Polygalaceae 1 

Ranucaulaceae 

Rhamnaceae 

Rubiaceae 

4 

1 

1 

7 

? ? 106 

Brachiaria brizantha 4573 

Imperatha cylindricum 2527 

Leptaspis zeylanica 7 

Oplismenus burmannii 3 

Poaceae Total 7216 

Carpolobia alba 13 

? 37 

Polygalaceae Total 50 

Clematis simensis 25 

Ranucaulaceae Total 25 

Ventilago africana 4 

Rhamnaceae Total 4 

? ? 45 

Craterispermum laurinum 62 

Crossoptyrex febrifuga 3 

Geophila sp 22 

Ixora foliosa 2 


Sapindaceae 4 

Taccaceae 

1 

Mussaenda sp 3 

Psychotria sp 64 

Tricalysia sp 1 

Rubiaceae Total 202 

Allophyllus africanus 42 

Allophyllus bullatus 26 

Lecaniodiscus cupanioides 8 

Paullinia pinnata 1 

Sapindaceae Total 77 

Tacca leontopetaloides 112 

Taccaceae Total 112 

Ulmaceae 1 Celtis philippensis 2 

Ulmaceae Total 2 

Verbenaceae 1 Lippia adoensis 45 

Verbenaceae Total 45 

Vitaceae 2 

Cissus barbeyana 

Cissus sp 

18 

4 

Vitaceae Total 22 

Zingeberaceae 

1 Curcuma longa 293 

Zingeberaceae Total 293 

Total 113 18956 

Table 9: Total Species list of Herbaceous Plants in 4 Study Plots 

No. Species 

Life form Plot 1 Plot 2 Plot 3 Plot 4 Total 

1 ? ? 31 41 116 33 221 

2 Abrus precatorius 

H 2 2 

3 Agelaea sp L 13 13 

4 Albizia zygia T 1 1 2 

5 Allophyllus africanus T 3 3 

6 Allophyllus bullatus T 9 6 3 18 

7 Aneilema sp H 5 5 

8 Annona senegalensis T 7 7 1 15 

9 Anthonotha macrophylla T 8 8 

10 Antidesma laciniatum T 2 2 

11 Asythasia gangetica H 6 8 14 

12 Baissea axilaria H 22 22 

13 Bowringia mildbraedii L 5 5 

14 Brachiaria brizantha H 140 170 33 343 

15 Bridelia scleroneura T 22 9 3 34 

16 Campylospermum sp T 1 1 

17 Carpolobia alba T 1 1 

18 Carpolubia alba T 7 7 

19 Ceiba Pentandra T 3 4 7 

20 Celtis philippensis T 1 1 

21 Chromolema odorata H 37 19 12 68 


22 Cissus barbeyana L 10 10 

23 Cissus sp L 3 3 

24 Clematis simensis H 11 11 

25 Cola caricaefolia T 8 8 

26 Cola cf cordifolia T 22 22 

27 Craterispermum laurinum T 19 19 

28 Crossoptyrex febrifuga T 3 3 

29 Curculigo pilosa H 15 4 1 20 

30 Curcuma longa H 34 31 59 4 128 

31 Cyathula protrata H 2 20 22 

32 Cyperus digitatus H 12 29 6 47 

33 Dalbergia erinateus T 1 1 

34 Dalbergia sp L 27 27 

35 Danielia oliverii T 17 17 

36 Desmodium adsendens H 39 8 4 5 56 

37 Desmodium velutinum H 5 24 29 

38 Dialium pachyphyllium T 1 3 4 

39 Dichrostachys cinocia H 1 1 

40 Dicliptera laxata H 3 3 

41 Dicliptera sp H 3 3 

42 Dioscorea abyssinica L 28 28 

43 Dioscorea dumetorum L 11 11 

44 Dioscorea preussii L 6 6 

45 Dissotis sp H 8 2 18 28 

46 Dracaena oubryana T 51 51 

47 Elaeis guineensis T 27 27 

48 Eriosema montanum H 6 1 7 

49 Geophila sp H 9 9 

50 Habenaria malacophylla H 1 4 5 

51 Harungana madagascariensis T 4 4 

52 Holarrhena floribunda T 5 5 

53 Hylodendron gabunense T 12 12 

54 Hymenocardia acida T 2 3 12 18 

55 Hypselodelphys poggeana H 5 5 

56 Imperatha cylindricum H 5 88 93 

57 Impomea involucrata H 18 18 

58 Impomea sp H 2 2 

59 Ixora foliosa T 1 1 

60 Landolphia sp L 46 46 

61 Lannea microcarpa T 1 1 

62 Lannea schimperi T 1 1 


63 Lecaniodiscus cupanioides T 6 6 

64 Leptaspis zeylanica T 3 3 

65 Linociera lingelscheimiana T 2 2 

66 Lippia adoensis H 15 5 20 

67 Mallotus oppositifolius H 2 2 

68 Maranthes gabunensis T 2 2 

69 Margareteria discodea T 4 4 

70 Mariscus alternifolius T 56 83 17 156 

71 Monanthotaxis sp L 7 7 

72 Mostruea batesii T 2 3 55 60 

73 Mucuna flagellipes L 1 1 

74 Ensete livingstonianum H 2 2 

75 Mussaenda sp L 2 2 

76 Myrianthus arboreus T 2 2 

77 Napoleona sp T 2 2 

78 Nepthelis poissonii H 3 3 

79 Nervilia reniformis H 1 1 

80 Olax subscopioides T 1 1 

81 Oplismenus burmannii H 1 1 

82 Palisota ambiqua H 6 6 

83 Paullinia pinnata L 1 1 

84 Pericopsis laxiflora T 2 2 

85 Piliostigma thoninngii T 1 1 2 

86 Piper guineensis L 30 30 

87 Plectrelminthus caudatus H 2 1 3 

88 Psychotria sp T 6 19 25 

89 Pteris togoensis H 9 9 

90 Pycnanthus angolensis T 4 4 

91 Rhabdophyllum affinis T 5 5 

92 Ritchiea albersii H 2 2 

93 Selaginala sp H 57 57 

94 Sida rhombifolia H 1 27 28 

95 Stanfieldiella brachycarpa H 2 2 

96 Strychnos sp L 8 7 5 20 

97 Strychnos tricalysioides L 14 14 

98 Symphonia globulifera T 7 7 

99 Tacca involucrata H 37 37 

100 Terminilia glaucescens T 9 12 2 23 

101 Thalia welwitschii H 7 7 

102 Tricalysia sp T 1 1 

103 Trilepisium madagascariense T 14 14 


104 Turraea cf leonensis T 12 12 

105 Uraria picta H 1 1 

106 Urena lobata H 7 2 9 

107 Uvaria sp H 1 1 2 

108 Ventilago africana L 2 2 

109 Vernonia calvoana L 37 19 6 62 

110 Vernonia guineensis H 26 73 68 167 

111 Voacanga bracthiata H 2 2 

112 Warneckea cinnamomoides T 36 36 

113 Zyzadium sp T 12 12 

 

Grand Total T 561 639 668 620 2488 

L = Liana species, T = Tree species, and H = Real herb species 

4.3. Plants and Livelihood of Mbembe Forest Area 

Table 10. Trees and Livelihood 

No. Genus 

Species 

Vernicular Part Treatments 

Name used 

1 Acacia 

dealbara leaves For 

protection 

traditional 

2 Adenia cissampeloides Emdroe Roots Fish poisoning 

3 Afzelia africana Tapa Stem Luck and Charm 

4 Agelaea paradoxa Ura Leaves Sends evil spirit away 

5 Alchonea cordifolia Putaba Leaves To Treat Toothache 

6 Allophyllus bullatus Bonache Leaves Fish poisoning and 

yellow fever treatment 

7 Annona senegalensis Viri, Mumo Bark, roots Anti-poison, and high 

malaria 

8 Anthocleistha djalonensis Akuche Bark, 

leaves and 

roots 

Malaria 

9 Bridelia scleroneura Akufu, Shebi Bark Fish poisoning and 

Toothache 

10 Cnestis cf corniculata Angorokwa Leaves Send away wishcraft 

and evil spirit 

11 Crossopteryx febrifuga Mperi Roots, bark Stomachache and 

& Leaves Yellow fever 

12 Dalbergia melanoxylon Shea-agodo Roots 

13 Dalbergia sp Leaves and 

bark 

Gastric 

14 Daniellia oliverii Ava, Neita Bark Send away evil spirits. 

15 Dissotis bamendae Ge Leaves, Yellow fever, TB and 

and roots Hunting luck 

16 Erythrophleom suavolens Egi, Year Stem, 

leaves and 

bark 

Very poisonous 

17 Ficus vogeliana Etinie Leaves Vegetable 

18 Ficus sur Ethinie 

19 Ficus mucuso Njei Leaves Fever 


20 Ficus sur young 

leaves 

Vegetable 

21 Harungana madagascariensis Vonza Leaves and Yellow fever, 

roots Gornorrhea and 

backache. 

22 Harungana madagascariensis young Mixed young leaves for 

leaves snake protectio 

Annona senegalensis 

23 Homalium molle Miscarriage 

24 Hymenocardia acida Kpebiy Yound 

leaves 

Vegetable 

25 Lannea schimperi Peri Bark Stomachache 

26 Lannea sp Nenaasa Stem Dizziness 

27 LEGI Egka Leaves and 

roots 

Dizziness 

28 Lippia adoensis Nje Leaves and 

roots 

Vegetable and Malaria 

29 Macaranga monandra Teka-eru Leaves + 

Salt 

Boils(Alpcells) 

30 Mucuna flagellipes Awoh, Stem and Snake bite, Dizziness 

Karara bark and blood shortag 

31 Nauclea latifolia Thini, Fruits, bark Edible and 

Aguado and roots Stomachache 

32 Ochna afzelii Leaves Luck 

33 Parinari curatellifolia Denye Fruits Edible 

34 Parkia biglobosa Bark Malnutrition 

35 Pericopsis laxiflora Bark and 

leaves 

Sprain or Broken leg 

36 Phyllanthus sp Bark Anti-poison 

37 Piliostigma thonningii Awokekeri Bark and Stop blinding and 

leaves paralize snakes 

38 Psorospermum corymbiferum Shembe Leaves and Court cases and solunt 

roots legs 

39 Psorospermum corymbiferum Shembe Leaves and Court cases and solunt 

roots legs 

40 Rauvolfia vomitoria Adeda Roots and 

stem 

Vomiting and Apollo 

41 Spondianthus preussii Akor Leaves, 

bark and 

stem 


42 Stereospermum kunthianum Aden Bark Fever and Malaria 

43 Stereospermum kunthianum Aden Bark Fever and Malaria 

44 Uapaca guineensis Poa, Kokum Roots Stomach cleaning 

45 Vitex doniana Chea Young 

leaves and 

fruits 

Vegetable and Edible 


Table 11: Herb and Livelihood 

No. Genus 

Species 

Vernicular Part Treatments 

Name used 

1 Vernonia calvoana Leaves Navel bite in children 

2 Terminilia glaucescens Roots Dysentary 

3 Dissotis sp Leaf tips Cough 

4 Imperatha cylindricum Spine grass Rhizome Postrate problem, 

difficulty urining in 

male 

5 Cyperus digitatus Rhizome Side pain 

6 Chromolema odorata stem and 

leaves 

Scabies 

7 Urena lobata Nwunazru whole 

plant 

Bird flu 

8 Desmodium adsendens whole 

plant 

Send away evil spirits 

9 Sida rhombifolia Leaves Wick-low 

10 Curculigo pilosa whole Open dog's eyes for 

plant hunting. 

11 Asythasia gangetica whole Night poison, laxative, 

plant vegetable 

12 Asteraceae(AST2) Roots & 

leaves 

Pile 

13 Mostruea batesii Roots Strength 

14 Vernonia guineensis Rhizome Prevent STD's 


Discussion 

The results of the four plots in Mbembe (woodland, Savannah and Forest) shows a high degree 

in species richness, Evenness, species diversity and the Important Valve Index (IVI) across 

plots. Species diversity for trees shows that plot 1 and 4 have a high species diversity of both 

3.67 while plot 2 and 3 shows 3.06 and 3.16 respectively. Species evenness is more or less 

uniform ranging from 0.7 to 0.9. While species richness was highest in plot 4 (16.3), plot 1 

(10.3) and lowest in plot 2 (5.2) and plot 3 (5.5). The IVI shows that Hymenocardia acida 

(71.30) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (61.21) are the most important species in plot 1, while 

Crossopteryx febrifuga (139.58) and Terminilia glaucescens (31.95) are the most important 

species in plot 2, Hymenocardia acida (76.94), Daniellia oliverii (53.86) in plot 3 and Elaeis 

guineensis (39.90), Craterispermum laurinum (32.12) and Napoleona sp (32.02) in plot 4. 

The Basal Area (BA) and Relative Basal Area (RBA) are high for the following families across 

plots. Plot 1, Rubiaceae (BA 874.56, RBA 43.73) and Hymenocardiaceae (BA 613.24, RBA 

30.67), plot 2, Rubiaceae (BA 702.22, RBA 74.48) and Combretaceae (BA 129.72, RBA 13.76), 

plot 3, Fabaceae (BA 138.84, RBA 57.40) and Hymenocardiaceae (BA 42.97, RBA 17.77) and 

plot 4, Rubiaceae (BA 996.95, RBA 24.99) and Arecaceae (BA 967.35, RBA 24.25). 

Herb species diversity, evenness and richness across plots are as follows: Species diversity is 

highest in plot 2 (19.0), Evenness is also highest in plot 2 (5.5) while Species richness is highest 

in plot 4 (9.6). 


5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 

The Mbembe forest reserve is exceptionally rich in vegetation occurring in three vegetation types: 

woodland, savannah, and lowland palm tree forest. This character is rare for forest on this type of 

landscape as they usually form woodland, savannah, gallery forest and/or lowland dry forest only. 

Therefore this area is worth studying in great detail to gain International botanical recognitions for 

the conservation and sustainable development of tropical forest plants and other generic resources 

which till date, is still poorly known. 

At the onset of this research, we did not understand the exert boundaries of this reserve, but from the 

1949 boundaries (fig. 5) it shows that Ako (a greater part), Ndaka and Abbafum are out of the 

reserve, and from the 1953 demarcation (fig. 6), it shows that Buku, Buku-up, Ndaka and Abbafum 

are out of the reserve. The forest from Buku-up, Ndaka and Abbafum should be protected by 

including it into the reserve or form community forest in these areas to fully protect its natural 

resources. 

Anthropogenic pressure regarding forest disturbance such as illegal timber logging, hunting, 

agricultural encroachment, and cattle rearing were the main factors affecting biological diversity of 

the area. The dependence of the population on the harvest and usage of non-timber forest Products 

(NTFP) are high due to lack of health units. 

TroPEG and the Ministry concern in Cameroon should try as much as possible to continue the 

botanical inventory and livelihood survey in the Mbembe forest reserve area. 

We also recommend that, apart from continuing further botanical surveys, a documented booklet of 

all the plant species in the area be produced. This will facilitate the production of a proper 

management strategy for the reserve and will help the communities understand the importance of the 

resources they got and how to best manage them. 

Constraints 

Two M.Sc. students from the University of Buea were supposed to use this work for their Theses but 

after field work, they found out that their academic objectives were contrary to the data at hand. 

Lack of good drinking water in the dry season, many black flies, and insects in the area. Villagers 

are not used to this type of work since it is new for them. Area is still enclave with lack of good 

motor able roads. Motor bikes and hiking are the best means of transportation. 


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

The authors expresses their gratitude to the community members of Ako, Buku, Buku-up and 

Ndaka farms that were involved both at the logistic and field level, especially the Divisional 

Officer of Ako (Mr. Nomboh David) and the Bridgette Commander for allowing us into the 

reserve despite our late arrival at Ako, Fon Lenge Joseph Eku of Buku and Silas Eku of Buku 

for their logistic and careful advised. We are grateful to all the bush taxi drivers and bike riders 

that transported us on such a rough terrain, to Mr. Yerima Shadrack and Mr. Ndako Jacob Ndah 

of Ako for all their valuable advised and information of the reserve. To all the field assistants 

and students whose names are listed below, we say thank you. 

We are overwhelmed with the Director (Dr. Jean-Michel Onana) of the National Herbarium of 

Cameroon (YA) for allowing us to identify all our plant samples and especially to Pa Paul 

Mezeli for assisting in identification while at the herbarium. Many thanks to Mr. Fon Julius 

Niba for all his Technical advises and follows up from the initiation of this project. 

We are highly grateful to all those who sent in recommendation letters for this grant: Dr. David 

Kenfack, Dr. David Bodgler, Mr. Fon Julius Niba and Mr. Tanghem Elvis. 

This grant was financially supported by the Rufford Small Grants Foundation of United 

Kingdom under grant number 11058-1 of February 2012. 


ANNEX 

Annex 1 

Table 12: Plot 1 Tree Species list 

Family 

Species 

Anacadiaceae Lannea microcarpa 

Anacadiaceae Lannea schimperi 

Annonaceae Annona senegalensis 

Annonaceae Cleistophyllus staudtii 

Annonaceae Uvaria sp 

Apocynaceae Holarrhena floribunda 

Apocynaceae Rauvolfia vomitoria 

Araliaceae Polysia fulvum 

Asteraceae Chromolana odorata 

Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra 

Chrysobalanaceae Maranthes gabunensis 

Combretaceae Combretum hispidum 

Combretaceae Terminilia glaucescens 

Combretaceae Terminilia laxiflora 

Connaraceae Agelaea paradoxa 

Connaraceae Cnestis cf corniculata 

Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea sp 

Euphorbiaceae Alchonea cordifolia 

Euphorbiaceae Macaranga monandra 

Euphorbiaceae Maprounea membrenacea 

Euphorbiaceae Margaritheria discodea 

Euphorbiaceae Spondianthus preussii 

Fabaceae Acacia dealbara 

Fabaceae Afzelia africana 

Fabaceae Albizia adianthifolia 

Fabaceae Albizia ferruginea 

Fabaceae Albizia zygia 

Fabaceae Dalbergia melanoxylon 

Fabaceae Erythrophleom suavolens 

Fabaceae Mucuna flagellipes 

Fabaceae Parkia biglobosa 

Fabaceae Pericopsis laxiflora 

Fabaceae Piliostigma thonningii 

Fabaceae Pterocarpus osun 

Flacoutiaceae Homalium molle 

Hymenocardiaceae Hymenocardia acida 

Hypericaceae Harungana madagascariensis 

Hypericaceae Psorospermum corymbiferum 

Hypericaceae Psorospermum febrifugum 

Hypericaceae Psorospermum tenuifolium 

Loganiaceae Anthocleistha djalonensis 

Loganiaceae Anthocleistha schweinfurthii 

Melastomataceae Dissotis bamendae 

Meliaceae Trichilia prieureana 

Moraceae Ficus bubu 

Moraceae 

Ficus bullatus 

Moraceae Ficus glumosa 

Moraceae Ficus kamerunensis 

Moraceae Ficus natalensis 

Moraceae Ficus ovata 

Moraceae Ficus sur 

Moraceae Ficus thonningii 


Moraceae Ficus vogeliana 

Ochnaceae Ochna afzelii 

Passifloraceae Adenia cissampeloides 

Passifloraceae Barteria fistulosa 

Passifloraceae Deidamia sp 

Phyllanthaceae Antidesma venosum 

Phyllanthaceae Bridelia scleroneura 

Phyllanthaceae Uapaca guineensis 

Rubiaceae Craterispermum laurinum 

Rubiaceae Crossopteryx febrifuga 

Rubiaceae Nauclea latifolia 

Rubiaceae Oxyanthus speciosus 

Rubiaceae Pavetta staudtii 

Rubiaceae Psychotria cf eminiana 

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum sp 

Sapindaceae Allophyllus bullatus 

Sapindaceae Kigelia africana 

Ulmaceae Urera sp 

Verbenaceae Gmelina arborea 

Verbenaceae Vitex doniana 

Vitaceae Cissus sp 


Family Species Name 

Anacardiaceae Lannea microcarpa 

Anacardiaceae Lannea schimperi 



Bignoniaceae Stereospermum kunthianum 

Chrysobalanaceae Parinari curatellifolia 


Euphorbiaceae Alchonea cordifolia 

Euphorbiaceae Margaritheria discodea 

Fabaceae ? ? 

Fabaceae Dalbergia sp 

Fabaceae Daniellia oliverii 

Fabaceae Mucuna flagellipes 

Fabaceae Parkia biglobosa 

Fabaceae Piliostigma thonningii 


Loganiaceae Anthocleista djalonensis 

Moraceae Ficus abutilifolia 


Moraceae Ficus glumosa 

Moraceae Ficus mucuso 

Moraceae Ficus natalensis 





Rubiaceae Crossopteryx febrifuga 

Rubiaceae Nauclea latifolia 

Rubiaceae Oxyanthus speciosus 

Sapindaceae Allophyllus bullatus 

Verbenaceae Gmelina arborea 

Verbenaceae Lippia adoensis 




Anacardiaceae Lannea schimperi 


Annonaceae Toussaintia hallei 

Apiaceae Cussonia barteri 

Bignoniaceae Kigellia africana 

Bignoniaceae Stereospermum kunthianum 

Clusiaceae Psorospermum febrifugum 


Combretaceae Terminilia laxiflora 


Fabaceae Daniellia oliverii 

Fabaceae Entada abyssinica 

Fabaceae Erythrophleom suavolens 

Fabaceae Parkia africana 

Fabaceae Pterocarpus erinaceus 


Malvaceae Cola caricaefolia 

Malvaceae Cola cf cordifolia 

Malvaceae Sterculia trigacantha 




Ochnaceae Lophira lanceolata 

Ochnaceae Ochna kibbiensis 



Rubiaceae Rutidea sp 

Sapindaceae Allophylus bullatus 




? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

? ? ? 

Anacardiaceae Lannea microcarpa 

Anacardiaceae Pseudospondias microcarpa 

Anacardiaceae Sorindeia grandifolia 

Anacardiaceae Sorindeia zenkeri 

Annonaceae ? ? 






Annonaceae Cleistophyllus staudtii 

Annonaceae Monanthotaxis sp 

Annonaceae Monodora zenkeri 

Annonaceae Monodora sp 

Apocynaceae Dictyophleba cf setosa 

Apocynaceae Funtumia elastica 


Apocynaceae Landolphia owariensis 

Apocynaceae Landolphia sp2 

Apocynaceae Landolphia sp3 

Apocynaceae Motandra guineensis 

Apocynaceae Oncinotis glabrata 

Apocynaceae Rauvolfia vomitoria 

Apocynaceae Rauvolfia sp 

Araliaceae Polysia fulvum 

Arecaceae Elaeis guineensis 

Bignoniaceae Kigellia africana 

Bignoniaceae Markhamia tomentosa 

Bignoniaceae Newbouldia laevis 

Bombacaceae Ceiba pentandra 

Burseraceae Dacryodes klaineana 

Cecropiaceae Musanga cecropioides 

Cecropiaceae Myrianthus arborea 

Chrysobalanaceae Maranthes gabunensis 

Chrysobalanaceae Parinari excelsa 

Clusiaceae Mammea africana 

Clusiaceae Symphonia globulifelia 

Commelinaceae Palisota ambigua 

Connaraceae Agelaea obliqua 

Connaraceae Agelaea paradoxa 

Connaraceae Cnestis sp 

Connaraceae Connarus griffonianus 

Connaraceae Connarus sp 

Connaraceae Jaundea pinnata 

Connaraceae Rourea thomsonii 

Connaraceae Rourea sp 

Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalium sp 

Dilleniaceae Tetracera alnifolia 

Ebenaceae Diospyros mumbuttensis 

Euphorbiaceae Erythrococca sp 

Euphorbiaceae Macaranga monandra 

Euphorbiaceae Spondianthus preussii 

Euphorbiaceae Tetrochidium dydimonstemon 

Fabaceae Afzelia africana 

Fabaceae Albizia ferruginea 

Fabaceae Albizia gummifera 


Fabaceae Anthonotha macrophylla 

Fabaceae Dalbergia cf saxatilis 

Fabaceae Dialium pachyphyllum 

Fabaceae Hylodendron gabunense 

Fabaceae Leptoderris ledermannii 

Fabaceae Newtonia sp 

Fabaceae Parkia filicoidea 

Fabaceae Pterocarpus osun 

Fabaceae Pterocarpus mildbraedii 

Icacinaceae Leptaulus sp 

Icacinaceae Rhaphostylis beniniansis 

Irvingiaceae Irvingia gabonensis 

Irvingiaceae Irvingia grandifolia 

Irvingiaceae Klaineadoxa gabonensis 

Ixonanthaceae Phyllocosmus africanus 


Lauraceae Beilschmiedia zenkeri 

Lauraceae Beilschmiedia mannii 

Lauraceae Beilschmiedia anacardioides 

Lauraceae Beilschmiedia sp 

Lecythidaceae Napoleona sp 

Loganiaceae Anthocleista sp 

Loganiaceae Strychnos staudtii 

Loganiaceae Strychnos tricalysioides 

Loganiaceae Strychnos asterantha 

Loganiaceae Strychnos johnsonii 

Malvaceae Cola caricaefolia 

Malvaceae Cola cf cordifolia 

Malvaceae Pterygota mildbraedii 

Malvaceae Sterculia tragacantha 

Melastomataceae Warneckea cinnamomoides 

Meliaceae Entandrophragma angolensis 

Meliaceae Trichillia cf megalantha 

Meliaceae Trichillia tessmannii 

Moraceae Antiaris africana 


Moraceae Ficus mucuso 

Moraceae Millesia excelsa 

Moraceae Trilepisium madagascariense 

Myristicaceae Pycnanthus angolensis 

Myrtaceae Eugenia sp 

Ochnaceae Rhabdophyllum affine 

Oleaceae Linoceira lingelscheimiana 

Pandanaceae Pandanus candelabrum 

Passifloraceae Adenia sp 

Passifloraceae Adenia gracilis 

Passifloraceae Barteria fistulosa 

Phyllanthaceae Antidesma laciniatum 

Phyllanthaceae Antidesma vogelianum 

Phyllanthaceae Bridelia cf grandis 

Phyllanthaceae Uapaca acuminata 

Phyllanthaceae Uapaca guineensis 

Polygalaceae Atroxima afzeliana 

Polygalaceae Carpolobia alba 

Rubiaceae ? ? 

Rubiaceae ? ? 

Rubiaceae ? ? 

Rubiaceae Aidia genipiflora 

Rubiaceae Aidia micrantha 

Rubiaceae Craterispermum laurinum 

Rubiaceae Ixora foliosa 

Rubiaceae Leptactina anoldiana 

Rubiaceae Morinda morindioides 

Rubiaceae Multidentia sp 

Rubiaceae Oxyanthus palidus 

Rubiaceae Oxyanthus cf setosus 

Rubiaceae Oxyanthus palidus 

Rubiaceae Pausinystalia sp 

Rubiaceae Pavetta bidentata 

Rubiaceae Pavetta sp 

Rubiaceae Psilanthus mannii 

Rubiaceae Psychotria dorotheae 

Rubiaceae Rutidea sp 

Rubiaceae Sabicea sp 

Rutaceae Zanthoxylum rubescens 

Salicaceae Homalium molle 

Sapindaceae Allophyllus africanus 

Sapindaceae Blighia welwitschii 


Sapindaceae Eriocaulum sp 

Sapindaceae Lecaniodiscus cupanioides 

Sapotaceae Synsepalum letouzei 

Sapotaceae Vincetela sp 

Ulmaceae Celtis phillipensis 

UNK UNK 

UNKL UNKL 

UNKP9 UNKP9 


Vitaceae Cissus sp 

Vitaceae Cissus sp2 

Table 16: Total Species list of trees and lianas in 4 study plots 

Species 

P1 P2 P3 P4 Total 

? 1 1 

?? 3 1 21 25 

Acacia dealbara 1 1 

Adenia cissampeloides 1 1 

Adenia gracilis 2 2 

Adenia sp 2 2 

Afzelia africana 4 6 10 

Agelaea obliqua 1 1 

Agelaea paradoxa 1 6 7 

Aidia genipiflora 126 126 

Aidia micrantha 67 67 

Albizia adianthifolia 7 7 

Albizia ferruginea 1 2 3 

Albizia glaberrima 1 1 

Albizia gummifera 1 1 

Albizia zygia 1 1 2 

Alchonea cordifolia 37 13 50 

Allophyllus africanus 1 1 

Allophyllus bullatus 55 3 11 69 

Annoa senegalensis 108 10 32 150 

Anthocleista djalonensis 3 1 4 

Anthocleista schweinfurthii 8 8 

Anthocleista sp 3 3 

Anthonotha macrophylla 520 520 

Antiaris africana 4 4 

Antidesma laciniatum 468 468 

Antidesma venosum 4 3 2 9 

Antidesma vogelianum 1 1 2 

Atroxima afzeliana 53 53 

Barteria fistulosa 1 85 86 

Beilschmiedia anacardioides 4 4 

Beilschmiedia mannii 6 6 

Beilschmiedia sp 1 1 

Beilschmiedia zenkeri 5 5 

Blighia welwitschii 4 4 

Bridelia cf grandis 5 5 

Bridelia ferruginea 1 1 

Bridelia scleroneura 246 44 14 304 

Carpolobia alba 82 82 

Ceiba pentandra 3 6 9 

Celtis phillipensis 1 

Chromolana odorata 1 1 

Cissus sp 1 1 2 

Cissus sp2 1 1 

Cleistophyllus staudtii 7 6 13 

Cleriodendron sp 7 7 


Cnestis cf corniculata 1 1 

Cnestis sp 1 1 

Cola caricaefolia 2 240 242 

Cola cf cordifolia 2 93 95 

Combretum hispidum 1 1 

Connarus griffonianus 20 20 

Connarus sp 1 1 

Craterispermum laurinum 5 501 506 

Crossopteryx febrifuga 202 179 381 

Cussonia barteri 9 9 

Dacryodes klaineana 1 1 

Dalbergia cf saxatilis 1 1 

Dalbergia melanoxylon 12 12 

Dalbergia sp 4 4 

Daniellia oliverii 2 20 22 

Deidamia sp 3 3 

Dialium pachyphyllum 29 29 

Dichapetalium sp 2 2 

Dictyophleba cf setosa 8 8 

Dioscorea sp 1 1 

Diospyros mumbuttensis 1 1 

Dissotis bamendae 3 3 

Elaeis guineensis 102 102 

Entada abyssinica 3 3 

Entandrophragma angolensis 16 16 

Eriocaulum sp 3 3 

Erythrococca sp 1 1 

Erythrophleom suavolens 9 1 10 

Eugenia sp 6 6 

Ficus abutilifolia 1 1 

Ficus bubu 12 15 1 28 

Ficus glumosa 16 18 34 

Ficus kamerunensis 1 1 

Ficus mucuso 4 1 5 

Ficus natalensis 3 1 4 

Ficus ovata 4 4 

Ficus sur 2 3 3 1 9 

Ficus thonningii 2 6 8 

Ficus vogeliana 1 1 

Funtumia elastica 32 32 

Gmelina arborea 26 56 82 

Harungana madagascariensis 74 74 

Holarrhena floribunda 8 2 2 12 

Homalium molle 1 7 8 

Hylodendron gabunense 51 51 

Hymenocardia acida 275 59 73 407 

Irvingia gabonensis 1 1 

Irvingia grandifolia 20 20 

Ixora foliosa 37 37 

Jaundea pinnata 2 2 

Kigellia africana 1 3 1 5 

Klaineadoxa gabonensis 2 2 

Landolphia owariensis 21 21 

Landolphia sp2 14 14 

Landolphia sp3 5 5 

Lannea microcarpa 62 9 2 73 

Lannea schimperi 6 2 8 16 

Lecaniodiscus cupanioides 93 93 

Leptactina anoldiana 3 3 

Leptaulus sp 77 77 

Leptoderris ledermannii 1 1 

Linoceira lingelscheimiana 26 26 


Lippia adoensis 16 16 

Lophira lanceolata 1 1 

Macaranga monandra 19 2 21 

Mammea africana 3 3 

Maprounea membrenacea 1 1 

Maranthes gabunensis 2 545 547 

Margariteria discoidea 34 3 37 

Markhamia tomentosa 1 1 

Millesia excelsa 4 4 

Monanthotaxis sp 6 6 

Monodora sp 1 1 

Monodora zenkeri 32 32 

Morinda morindioides 5 5 

Motandra guineensis 4 4 

Mucuna flagellipes 32 13 45 

Multidentia sp 1 1 

Musanga cecropioides 5 5 

Myrianthus arborea 56 56 

Napoleona sp 608 608 

Nauclea latifolia 104 14 118 

Newbouldia laevis 2 2 

Newtonia sp 35 35 

Ochna afzelii 5 5 

Ochna kibbiensis 1 1 

Oncinotis glabrata 3 3 

Oxyanthus cf setosus 4 4 

Oxyanthus palidus 2 2 

Oxyanthus speciosus 3 1 4 

Palisota ambigua 3 3 

Pandanus candelabrum 2 2 

Parinari curatellifolia 14 14 

Parinari excelsa 1 1 

Parkia africana 2 2 

Parkia biglobosa 5 1 6 

Parkia filicoidea 18 18 

Pausinystalia sp 1 1 

Pavetta bidentata 5 5 

Pavetta sp 3 3 

Pavetta staudtii 1 1 

Pericopsis laxiflora 13 13 

Phyllocosmus africanus 2 2 

Piliostigma thonningii 20 9 29 

Polysia fulvum 2 1 3 

Pseudospondias microcarpa 80 80 

Psilanthus mannii 20 20 

Psorospermum corymbiferum 1 1 

Psorospermum febrifugum 8 3 11 

Psorospermum tenuifolium 1 1 

Psychotria cf eminiana 1 1 

Psychotria dorotheae 2 2 

Pterocarpus erinaceus 11 11 

Pterocarpus mildbraedii 1 1 

Pterocarpus osun 1 6 7 

Pterygota mildbraedii 1 1 

Pycnanthus angolensis 92 92 

Rauvolfia sp 8 8 

Rauvolfia vomitoria 1 4 5 

Rhabdophyllum affine 32 32 

Rhaphostylis beniniansis 9 9 

Rourea sp 6 6 

Rourea thomsonii 1 1 

Rutidea sp 3 2 5 


Sabicea sp 9 9 

Sorindeia grandifolia 66 66 

Sorindeia zenkeri 2 2 

Spondianthus preussii 1 76 77 

Sterculia tragacantha 17 11 28 

Stereospermum kunthianum 2 8 10 

Stereospermum kunthianum var. dentatum 1 1 

Strychnos asterantha 17 17 

Strychnos johnsonii 10 10 

Strychnos staudtii 14 14 

Strychnos tricalysioides 23 23 

Symphonia globulifelia 78 78 

Synsepalum letouzei 4 4 

Terminilia glaucescens 80 48 17 145 

Terminilia laxiflora 1 35 36 

Tetracera alnifolia 4 4 

Tetrochidium dydimonstemon 4 4 

Toussaintia hallei 2 2 

Trichillia cf megalantha 8 8 

Trichillia prieureana 1 1 2 

Trichillia tessmannii 21 21 

Trilepisium madagascariense 75 75 

Uapaca acuminata 19 19 

Uapaca guineensis 8 164 172 

UNK 2 2 

UNKL 1 1 

UNKL2 3 3 

UNKP9 1 1 

Urera sp 2 2 

Uvaria sp 3 3 

Vincetela sp 2 2 

Vitex doniana 3 8 3 14 

Warneckea cinnamomoides 297 297 

Zanthoxylum sp 1 1 

Zanthoxylum rubescens 3 3 

Grand Total 1577 553 301 5462 7893 

Annex 2 

Table 17: Species list of Herbs only 

Sp-Code Species 

? ? 

ABRPR Abrus precatorius 

ANEI Aneilema sp 

ASYGA Asythasia gangetica 

BAIAX Baissea axilaria 

BRABR Brachiaria brizantha 

CHROD Chromolema odorata 

CLESI Clematis simensis 

CURLO Curcuma longa 

CURPI Curculigo pilosa 

CYAPR Cyathula protrata 

CYPDI Cyperus digitatus 

DESAD Desmodium adsendens 

DESVE Desmodium velutinum 

DIC Dicliptera sp 

DICCI Dichrostachys cinocia 

DICLA Dicliptera laxata 

DISI Dissotis sp 


ENSEGI Ensete gilletii 

ERIMO Eriosema montanum 

GEO Geophila sp 

HABMA Habenaria malacophylla 

HYPPO Hypselodelphys poggeana 

IMPCY Imperatha cylindricum 

IMPI Impomea sp 

IMPIN Impomea involucrata 

LIPAD Lippia adoensis 

MALOP Mallotus oppositifolius 

MARAL Mariscus alternifolius 

NEPPO Nepthelis poissonii 

NERRE Nervilia reniformis 

OPLBU Oplismenus burmannii 

PALAM Palisota ambiqua 

PLECA Plectrelminthus caudatus 

PTETO Pteris togoensis 

RITAL Ritchiea albersii 

SEL Selaginala sp 

SIDRH Sida rhombifolia 

STABR Stanfieldiella brachycarpa 

TACIN Tacca leontopetaloides 

THAWE Thalia welwitschii 

TURLE Turraea cf leonensis 

URELO Urena lobata 

VERCA Vernonia calvoana 

VERGU Vernonia guineensis 

Annex 3 

Table 18: Trees and Herbs of Mbembe for livelihood 

No. Genus 

Species 

Form Vernicular Part Treatments 

Name used 

1 Acacia dealbara T leaves For protection 

2 Adenia cissampeloides T Emdroe Roots Fish poisoning 

3 Afzelia africana T Tapa Stem Luck and Charm 

4 Agelaea paradoxa T Ura Leaves Sends evil spirit 

away 

5 Alchonea cordifolia T Putaba Leaves Toothache 

6 Allophyllus bullatus T Bonache Leaves Fish poisoning and 

yellow fever 

7 Annona senegalensis T Viri, Mumo Bark, roots Anti-poison, and 

high malaria 

8 Annona senegalensis T 

9 Anthocleistha djalonensis T Akuche Bark, 

leaves and 

roots 

Malaria 

10 Asteraceae(AST2) H Roots & 

leaves 

Pile 

11 Asythasia gangetica H whole Night poison, 

plant laxative, vegetable 

12 Bridelia scleroneura T Akufu, Shebi Bark Fish poisoning and 

Toothache 

13 Chromolema odorata H stem and 

leaves 

Scabies 

14 Cnestis cf corniculata T Angorokwa Leaves Send away 

wishcraft and evil 

spirit 


15 Crossopteryx febrifuga T Mperi Roots, bark Stomachache and 

& Leaves Yellow fever 

16 Curculigo pilosa H whole Open dog's eyes 

plant for hunting. 

17 Cyperus digitatus H Rhizome Side pain 

18 Dalbergia melanoxylon T Shea-agodo Roots 

19 Dalbergia sp T Leaves and 

bark 

Gastric 

20 Daniellia oliverii T Ava, Neita Bark Sent away wishes 

(Evil spirit) 

21 Desmodium adsendens H whole Send away evil 

plant spirits 

22 Dissotis bamendae T Ge Leaves, Yellow fever, TB 

and roots and Hunting luck 

23 Dissotis sp H Leaf tips Cough 

24 Erythrophleom suavolens T Egi, Year Stem, 

leaves and 

bark 


25 Ficus vogeliana T Etinie Leaves Vegetable 

26 Ficus sur T Ethinie 

27 Ficus mucuso T Njei Leaves Fever 

28 Ficus sur T young 

leaves 

Vegetable 

29 Harungana madagascariensis T Vonza Leaves and Yellow fever, 

roots Gornorrhea and 

backache 

30 Harungana madagascariensis T young Mixed young 

leaves leaves for snake 

protection 

31 Homalium molle T Miscarriage 

32 Hymenocardia acida T Kpebiy Yound 

leaves 

Vegetable 

33 Imperatha cylindricum H Spine grass Rhizome Postrate problem, 

difficult urining in 

male 

34 Lannea schimperi T Peri Bark Stomachache 

35 Lannea sp T Nenaasa Stem Deziness 

36 LEGI T Egka Leaves and 

roots 

Dizziness 

37 Lippia adoensis T Nje Leaves and Vegetable and 

roots Malaria 

38 Macaranga monandra T Teka-eru Leaves + 

Salt 

Boils(Alpcells) 

39 Mostruea batesii H Roots Strength 

40 Mucuna flagellipes T Awoh, Karara Stem and Snake bite, 

bark Dizziness and 

blood shortage 

41 Nauclea latifolia T Thini, Aguado Fruits, bark Edible and 

and roots Stomachache 

42 Ochna afzelii T Leaves Luck 

43 Parinari curatellifolia T Denye Fruits Edible 

44 Parkia biglobosa T Bark Malnutrition 

45 Pericopsis laxiflora T Bark and Sprain or 

leaves Broken leg 

46 Phyllanthus sp T Bark Anti-poison 

47 Piliostigma thonningii T Awokekeri Bark and Stop blinding and 

leaves paralize snakes 

48 Psorospermum corymbiferum T Shembe Leaves and Court cases and 

roots solunt legs 

49 Psychotria cf eminiana T Gebauru leaves Joint pains 


50 Rauvolfia vomitoria T Adeda Roots and Vomiting and 

stem Apollo 

51 Scleria boivinia H stem and 

leaves 

Side pains 

52 Sida rhombifolia H Leaves Wick-low 

53 Spondianthus preussii T Akor Leaves, 

bark and 

stem 


54 Stereospermum kunthianum T Aden Bark Fever and Malaria 

55 Terminilia glaucescens T Foeye Roots, bark Antipoison, 

& Leaves Miscarried and 

Cough 

56 Terminilia glaucescens H Roots Dysentary 

57 Uapaca guineensis T Poa, Kokum Roots Stomach cleaning 

58 Urena lobata H Nwunazru whole 

plant 

Bird flu 

59 Vernonia calvoana H Leaves Navel bite in 

children 

60 Vernonia guineensis H Rhizome Prevent STD's 

61 Vitex doniana T Chea Young Vegetable and 

leaves and 

fruits 

Edible 

Table 19: Tree Species Checklist and their IUCN Conservation Status 

Sp- Genus 

Species 

Authority 

Family 

IUCN 

code 

Status 

RUBH ? ? ? ? 

UNK ? ? ? ? 

UNKL ? ? ? ? 

UNKL2 ? ? ? ? 

UNKP9 ? ? ? ? 

LANMI Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K. Krauce Anacardiaceae LC 

LANSC Lannea schimperi (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Engl. Anacardiaceae LC 

PSEMI Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich.) Engl. Anacardiaceae LC 

SORGR Sorindeia grandifolia Engl. Anacardiaceae LC 

SORZE Sorindeia zenkeri Engl. Anacardiaceae 

LAN Lannea sp (01-673) Anacardiaceae 

ANN2 ? ? ? Annonaceae 

ANNL ? ? ? Annonaceae 

ANNSE Annoa senegalensis Pers. Annonaceae LC 

CLEST Annoa senegalensis Pers. Annonaceae LC 

MON Monodora sp Annonaceae 

MONAI Monanthotaxis sp Annonaceae 

MONZE Monodora zenkeri Engl. & Diels Annonaceae VU 

TOUHA Toussaintia hallei Le Thomas Annonaceae LC 

UVAI Uvaria sp Annonaceae 

DICSE Dictyophleba cf setosa De Hoogh. Apocynaceae VU 

FUNEL Funtumia elastica (Preuss) Stapf Apocynaceae LC 

HEDBA Hedranthera barteri (Hook.f.) Pichm. Apocynaceae 

HOLFL Holarrhena floribunda (G.Don) Dur. & Schinz. Apocynaceae LC 

LAN2 Landolphia sp2 Apocynaceae 

LAN3 Landolphia sp3 Apocynaceae 

LANOW Landolphia owariensis P. Beauv. Apocynaceae LC 

MOTGU Motandra guineensis (Thonning) A. DC. Apocynaceae LC 

ONCGL Oncinotis glabrata (Bail.) Stapf. Ex Hiern Apocynaceae LC 

RAU Rauvolfia sp Apocynaceae 

RAUVO Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel. Apocynaceae LC 

CUSBA Cussonia barteri Araliaceae 


POLFU Polysia fulvA (Hiern) Harms Araliaceae NT 

ELIGU Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Arecaceae LC 

CHROD Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (nat.) Asteraceae LC 

KIGAF Kigellia africana (Lam.) Benth. Bignoniaceae LC 

MARTO Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum Bignoniaceae LC 

NEWLA Newbouldia laevis (Beauv.) Seen. Ex Bur. Bignoniaceae LC 

STEKD Stereospermum kunthianum var. (A. Rich.) Fiori Bignoniaceae LC 

dentatum 

STEKU Stereospermum kunthianum Cham Bignoniaceae LC 

CEIPA Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Bombacaceae LC 

DACKL Dacryodes klainianum (Pierre) H.J. Lam Burseraceae LC 

MUSCE Musanga cecropioides R. Br. Ex Tedlie Cecropiaceae LC 

MYRAR Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv. Cecropiaceae LC 

MARGA Maranthes gabunensis (Engl.) G.T. Prance Chrysobalanaceae LC 

PARCU Parinari curatellifolia Planch ex. Benth. Chrysobalanaceae 

PAREX Parinari excelsa Sabine Chrysobalanaceae LC 

MAMAF Mammea africana Sabine Clusiaceae LC 

SYMGL Symphonia globulifera L. f. Clusiaceae LC 

COMHI Combretum hispidum Laws Combretaceae LC 

TERGL Terminilia glaucescens Planch ex. Benth. Combretaceae LC 

TERLA Terminilia laxiflora Engl. et Diels Combretaceae LC 

PALAM Palisota ambigua (P. Beauv.) C.B. Clarke Commelinaceae LC 

AGEOB Agelaea obliqua (P. Beauv.) Baill. Connaraceae LC 

AGEPA Agelaea paradoxa Gilg. Connaraceae LC 

CNE Cnestis sp Connaraceae 

CNECO Cnestis cf corniculata Lam. Connaraceae LC 

CNEFE Cnestis ferruginea Vahl. Ex. DC Connaraceae LC 

CON2 Connarus sp Connaraceae 

CONGR Connarus griffonianus Baill. Connaraceae LC 

JAUPI Jaundea pinnata (P. Beauv.) Schellens. Connaraceae 

ROUCO Rourea coccinea (Thonn. Ex. Schum) Benth. Connaraceae LC 

ROUI Rourea sp Connaraceae 

ROUTH Rourea thomsonii (Baker) Jonkind Connaraceae LC 

DICI Dichapetalium sp Dichapetalaceae 

TETAL Tetracera alnifolia Willd. Dilleniaceae LC 

DIOS Dioscorea sp Dioscoreaceae 

DIOMU Diospyros monbuttensis Gürke Ebenaceae LC 

ALCCO Alchornea cordifolia (Schum. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. Euphorbiaceae LC 

ERY Erythrococca sp Euphorbiaceae 

GMEAR Gmelina arborea Euphorbiaceae LC 

MACMO Macaranga monandra Müll. Arg. Euphorbiaceae LC 

MAPME Maprounea membranacea Pax & K. Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae LC 

SPOPR Spondianthus preussii Engl. Euphorbiaceae LC 

TETDY Tetrorchidium didymostemon (Baill.) Pax & K. Hoffm. Euphorbiaceae LC 

ACADE Acacia dealbara Limb Fabaceae 

AFZAR Afzelia africana Smith Fabaceae VU* 

ALBAD Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.F. Wright Fabaceae LC 

ALBFE Albizia ferruginea Benth. Fabaceae LC 

ALBGL Albizia glaberrima (Schum. & Thonn.) Benth. Fabaceae LC 

ALBGU Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A. Sm. Fabaceae LC 

ALBZY Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr.) Fabaceae LC 

ANTMA Anthonotha macrophylla P. Beauv. Fabaceae LC 

BRAEU Brachystegia eurycoma Harms Fabaceae LC 

DAL Dalbergia sp Fabaceae 

DALME Dalbergia melanoxylon Guill et Perr Fabaceae LC 

DALSA Dalbergia cf saxatilis HooK. F. Fabaceae LC 

DANOL Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel Fabaceae L 

DIAPA Dialium pachyphyllum Harms Fabaceae LC 

ENTAB Entada abyssinica Steud. Ex A. Rich Fabaceae LC 


ERYSU Erythrophleum suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) Brenan Fabaceae LC 

HYLGA Hylodendron gabunense Taub. Fabaceae LC 

LEPTL Leptoderris ledermannii Harms** Fabaceae EN* 

MUCFL Mucuna flagellipes Hook. F. Fabaceae LC 

NEWI Newtonia sp Fabaceae 

PARAF Parkia africana R. Br. Fabaceae LC 

PARBI Parkia biglobosa Benth. Fabaceae L 

PARFI Parkia filicoidea Welw. ex Oliv. Fabaceae LC 

PERLA Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Van Meeuwen Fabaceae LC 

PILTH Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redh Fabaceae L 

PTEER Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir Fabaceae LC 

PTEMI Pterocarpus mildbraedii Harms Fabaceae LC 

PTEOS Pterocarpus osun Craib Fabaceae LC 

HYMAC Hymenocardia acida Hymenocardiaceae 

HARMA Harungana madagascariensis Poir Hypericaceae LC 

PSOCO Psorospermum corymbiferum Hochr. Hypericaceae LC 

PSOFE Psorospermum febrifugum Spach. Hypericaceae LC 

PSOTE Psorospermum tenuifolium Hook.F. Hypericaceae LC 

LEPTI Leptaulus sp Icacinaceae 

RHABE Rhaphiostylis beneniansis (Hook ex Planch.) Planch ex Icacinaceae LC 

Benth. 

IRVGA Irvingia gabonensis (A. Lecomte ex O. Rorke) Baill. Irvingiaceae LC 

IRVGR Irvingia grandifolia (Engl.) Engl. Irvingiaceae LC 

KLAGA Klainedoxa gabonensis Pierre Irvingiaceae LC 

PHYAF Phyllocosmus africanus Klotzsch. Ixonanthaceae LC 

CLEI Cleriodendron sp Lamiaceae/Labiatae 

VITDO Vitex doniana Sweet Lamiaceae/Labiatae LC 

BEIAN Beilschmiedia anacardioides (Engl. & Krause) Robyns & Lauraceae DD 

Wilczeck 

BEII Beilschmiedia sp Lauraceae 

BEIMA Beilschmiedia mannii (Meisn.) Benth. & Hook.f. Lauraceae LC 

BEIZE Beilschmiedia zenkeri Engl.* Lauraceae LC 

NAPI Napoleona sp Lecythidaceae 

ANTDJ Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev. Loganiaceae LC 

ANTH Anthocleista sp Loganiaceae 

ANTSC Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg. Loganiaceae LC 

MOSBA Mostrua batessii Baker Loganiaceae LC 

MOSBR Mostrua cf brunonis Didr. Loganiaceae LC 

STRAS Strychnos asterantha Leeuwenberg Loganiaceae 

STRJO Strychnos johnsonii Hutch. et M.B. Moss Loganiaceae LC 

STRST Strychnos staudtii Gilg. Loganiaceae VU* 

STRTR Strychnos tricalysioides Hutch. et M.B. Moss* Loganiaceae NT* 

COLCA Cola caricaefolia K. Schum Malvaceae 

COLCO Cola cf cordifolia (Cav.) R. Br. Malvaceae LC 

PTE Pterygota mildbraedii Engl. Malvaceae LC 

STETR Sterculia tragacantha Lindl. Malvaceae LC 

DISBA Dissotis bamendae Brenan et Keay Melastomataceae VU* 

WARCI Warneckea cinnamomoides (G. Don) Jacq.-Felix Melastomataceae LC 

ENTAN Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. Meliaceae VU* 

TRIME Trichillia cf megalantha Harms Meliaceae LC 

TRIPR Trichillia prieureana A. Juss Meliaceae LC 

TRITE Trichillia tessmannii Harms Meliaceae LC 

ANTAF Antiaris toxicaria var. (Engl.) A. Chev. Moraceae LC 

africana 

FICAB Ficus abutilifolia (Milg.) Mig. Moraceae LC 

FICBU Ficus bubu Warb. Moraceae LC 

FICGL Ficus glumosa Del. Moraceae LC 

FICKA Ficus kamerunensis Mildbr. & Burret Moraceae LC 

FICMU Ficus mucuso Welw. ex Ficalho Moraceae LC 


FICNA Ficus natalensis Hochst. Moraceae LC 

FICOV Ficus ovata Vahl. Moraceae LC 

FICSU Ficus sur Forssk. Moraceae LC 

FICTH Ficus thonningii Blume Moraceae LC 

FICVO Ficus vogeliana (Mig.) Mig. Moraceae LC 

MILEX Millesia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg Moraceae LC 

TRIMA Trilepisium madagascariense Dc Moraceae LC 

PYCAN Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Exell Myristicaceae LC 

EUGI Eugenia sp Myrtaceae 

LOPLA Lophira lanceolata Van Tieghem ex. Keay Ochnaceae LC 

OCHAF Ochna afzelii R. Br. Ex Oliv. Ochnaceae LC 

OCHKI Ochna kibbiensis Hutch. & Dalziel Ochnaceae LC 

RHAAF Rhabdophyllum affine (Hook.f.) Van Tieghem Ochnaceae LC 

OLA Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. Olacaceae LC 

LINLI Linociera lingelscheimiana Gilg. Et Schellenbs. Oleaceae DD** 

ANG Angraecum sp Orchidaceae 

BULBE Bulbophyllum bequaertii De Wild. Orchidaceae 

POL Polystachya sp Orchidaceae 

POLOD Polystachya odorata Lindl. Orchidaceae LC 

PANCA Pandanus candelabrum P. Beauv. Pandanaceae LC 

ADE2 Adenia sp Passifloraceae 

ADECI Adenia cissampeloides (Planch. Ex Hook.) Harms Passifloraceae LC 

ADEGR Adenia gracilis Harme Passifloraceae 

BARFI Barteria fistulosa Mast. Passifloraceae LC 

DEI Deidamia sp Passifloraceae 

MARDI Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster var. discoidea Phyllanthaceae LC 

UAPAC Uapaca acuminata (Hutch.) Pax & K. Hoffm. Phyllanthaceae LC 

UAPGU Uapaca guineensis Muell. Arg. Var. guineensis Phyllanthaceae LC 

ANTLA Antidesma laciniatum Müll. Arg. Phyllanthaceae LC 

ANTVE Antidesma venosum Tul. Phyllanthaceae LC 

ANTVO Antidesma vogelianum Müll. Arg. Phyllanthaceae LC 

BRIFE Bridelia ferruginea Benth. Phyllanthaceae LC 

BRIGR Bridelia cf grandis Phyllanthaceae 

BRISC Bridelia scleroneura Müll. Arg. Phyllanthaceae LC 

PHYME Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell Phyllanthaceae LC 

ATRAF Atroxima afzeliana (Oliv.) Stapf. Polygalaceae LC 

CARAL Carpolobia alba G. Don Polygalaceae LC 

VENAF Ventilago africana Exell. Rhamnaceae LC 

AIDGE Aidia genipiflora (DC) Dandy Rubiaceae LC 

AIDMI Aidia micrantha (K. Schum) F. White Rubiaceae LC 

CRALA Craterispermum laurinum (Poir) Benth. Rubiaceae 

CRETR Cremaspora cf triflora (Thonn.) K. Schum. Rubiaceae LC 

CROFE Crossoptyrex febrifuga (Afzel. Ex G. Don) Benth. Rubiaceae LC 

HYM Hymenodictyon sp Rubiaceae 

IXOFO Ixora foliosa Hiern* Rubiaceae VU* 

LEPAN Leptactina mannii subsp. (De Wilde) Neuba ex Figueiredo Rubiaceae LC 

anoldiana 

MORMO Morinda morindioides (Baker) Milne-Redh. Rubiaceae LC 

MULI Multidentia sp Rubiaceae DD 

NAULA Nauclea latifolia SM Rubiaceae LC 

OXYPA Oxyanthus pallidus Hiern Rubiaceae L 

OXYSE Oxyanthus cf setosus Keay Rubiaceae LC 

OXYSP Oxyanthus speciosus DC Rubiaceae LC 

PAU Pausinystalia sp Rubiaceae 

PAV Pavetta sp Rubiaceae 

PAVBI Pavetta bidentata Hiern Rubiaceae LC 

PAVST Pavetta staudtii Hutch & Dalz. Rubiaceae LC 

PSIMA Psilanthus mannii Hook.F. Rubiaceae LC 

PSY2 Psychotria sp Rubiaceae 


PSYDO Psychotria dorothae Wernham Rubiaceae LC 

PSYEM Psychotria cf eminiana (Kuntze) E.M.A. Petit. Rubiaceae LC 

ROTWH Rothmannia whitfieldii (Lindl.) Dandy Rubiaceae LC 

RUTI Rutidea sp Rubiaceae 

SABI Sabicea sp Rubiaceae 

TRI Tricalysia sp Rubiaceae 

ZANI Zanthoxylum sp Rutaceae 

ZANTE Zanthoxylum rubescens Planch. ex Kook.f. Rutaceae LC 

HOMMO Homalium molle Salicaceae 

ALLAF Allophyllus africanus P. Beauv. Sapindaceae LC 

ALLBU Allophyllus bullatus Radlk.* Sapindaceae VU* 

BLIWE Blighia welwitschii (Hiern) Radlk. Sapindaceae LC 

ERIO Eriocaulum sp Sapindaceae 

LECCU Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch. Sapindaceae LC 

SYNLE Synsepalum letouzeyi Aubr.* Sapotaceae EN* 

VINI Vincetela sp Sapotaceae 

PACBR Pachystela brevipes (Bak.) Engl. Sapotaceae 

CELPH Celtis phillippensis Blanco Ulmaceae LC 

URE Urera sp Urticaceae 

LIPAD Lippia adoensis Hochst. Verbenaceae 

RINI Rinorea sp Violaceae 

CISS2 Cissus sp Vitaceae 

CISSUS Cissus sp Vitaceae 

Table 20: Herbaceous Species checklist and their IUCN Conservation Status 

Sp-code Genus Species Authority Family IUCN 

Status 

ASYGA Asythasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson Acanthaceae LC 

DIC Dicliptera sp Acanthaceae 

DICLA Dicliptera laxata C.B. Clarke Acanthaceae LC 

AMASP Amaranthus spenosus L. Amaranthaceae LC 

CYAPR Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume Amaranthaceae LC 

LANMI Lannea microcarpa Anacardiaceae 

LANSC Lannea schimperi (Hochst. Ex. A. Rich.) Engl. Anacardiaceae LC 

MON Monanthotaxis sp Annonaceae 

UVA Uvaria sp Annonaceae 

ANNSE Annona senegalensis Pers. Annonaceae LC 

HOLFL Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) Dur & Schinz Apocynaceae LC 

BAIAX Baissea axilaria (Benth.) Hua Apocynaceae LC 

LAN Landolphia sp Apocynaceae 

CRYSA Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr. Apocynaceae 

ASCI Apocynaceae 

LAN2 Landolphia sp Apocynaceae 

VOABR Voacanga bracteata Stapf Apocynaceae LC 

CUL Culcusa sp Araceae 

CULAN Culcasia annetii Ntepe-Nyame Araceae LC 

NEPPO Nepthelis poissonii (Engl.) N.E. Br. Araceae LC 

ELAGU Elaeis guineensis Arecaceae LC 

ASPVA Asplenium cf variabile Hook.f. (Fern) Aspleniaceae 

VERCA Vernonia calvoana Asteraceae 

AST2 Asteraceae 

AST3 Asteraceae 

CHROD Chromolaema odorata (L.) R.M.King & H. Rob. Asteraceae LC 

VERGU Vernonia guineensis Benth. Asteraceae LC 

BEGSE Begonia cf semperflorens Begoniaceae 

CEIPE Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Bombacaceae LC 

RITAL Ritchiea albersii Gilg. & Benedict Capparaceae LC 

MYRAR Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv. Cecropiaceae LC 

MARGA Maranthes gabunensis (Engl.) G.T. Prance Chrysobalanaceae LC 


SYMGL Symphonia globulifera L.f. Clusiaceae LC 

TERGL Terminilia glaucescens Planch ex. Benth. Combretatceae LC 

CYALO Cyanotis longifolia Benth. Commelinaceae LC 

ANEBE Aneilema beniniense (P. Beauv.) Kunth. Commelinaceae LC 

ANEI Aneilema sp Commelinaceae 

COMAF Commelina africana L. Commelinaceae LC 

ANEUM Aneilema umbrosum (Vahl) Kunth. Commelinaceae LC 

PALAM Palisota ambiqua (P. Beauv.) C.B.Clarke Commelinaceae LC 

STABR Stanfieldiella brachycarpa (Gilg. & Led. Ex Mildbr. Commelinaceae LC 

AGEI Agelaea sp Connaraceae 

IMPIN Impomea involucrata P. Beauv. Convulvolaceae LC 

DIORP Convulvolaceae 

IMPI Impomea sp Convulvolaceae 

MARAL Mariscus alternifolius Vabl. Cyperaceae 

CYPDI Cyperus digitatus Roxb. Cyperaceae LC 

TETAL Tetracera alnifolia Willd. Dilleniaceae LC 

DIODU Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax Dioscoreaceae LC 

DIOSA Dioscorea abyssinica Hochst. Ex Kunth Dioscoreaceae LC 

DIOPR Dioscorea preussii Pax Dioscoreaceae LC 

DRAOU Dracaena aubryana Brongn. ex E. Morren Dracaenaceae LC 

GMYAR Gmylina arborea Euphorbiaceae LC 

MACMO Macaranga monandra Müll. Arg. Euphorbiaceae LC 

MALOP Mallotus oppositifolius (Grisel) Mull. Arg. Euphorbiaceae LC 

ERYMA Erythrococca mannii (Hook.f. Euphorbiaceae 

MARDI Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster Euphorbiaceae LC 

DALER Dalbergia erinateus Fabaceae 

ALBAD Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.F. Wright Fabaceae LC 

ALBZY Albizia zygia (D.C) J.F. Macbr. Fabaceae LC 

ANTMA Anthonotha macrophylla P. Beauv. Fabaceae LC 

DESAD Desmodium adsendens (SW.) DC Fabaceae LC 

DESCA Desmodium canum (J.F. Schin Fabaceae 

DANOL Danielia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalzial Fabaceae LC 

DESVE Desmodium velutinum (Wild.) DC Fabaceae LC 

BOWMI Bowringia mildbraedii Engl. Fabaceae 

DIAPA Dialium pachyphyllium Harms Fabaceae LC 

HYLGA Hylodendron gabunense Taub. Fabaceae LC 

DALI Dalbergia sp Fabaceae 

DICCI Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wright & Arn. Fabaceae LC 

ABRCA Abrus canescens Welw. ex. Bak. Fabaceae LC 

ABRPR Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae LC 

MUCFL Mucuna flagellipes Hook.f. Fabaceae LC 

PILTH Piliostigma thoninngii (Schum.) Milne-Redh. Fabaceae LC 

ERIMO Eriosema montanum Baker f. Fabaceae LC 

PERLA Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth.) Van Meeuwen Fabaceae LC 

URAPI Uraria picta (Jacq.) DC. Fabaceae LC 

HYMAC Hymenocardia acida Hymenocardiaceae 

HARMA Harungana madagascariensis Poir Hypericaceae LC 

CURPI Curculigo pilosa (Schum. & Thonn.) Engl. Hypoxidaceae LC 

NAPI Napoleona sp Lecythidaceae 

MOSBA Mostruea batesii Bak. Loganiaceae LC 

MOSBR Mostruea cf brunonis Didr. Loganiaceae LC 

STRY Strychnos sp Loganiaceae 

STRTR Strychnos tricalysioides Hutch. & M.B. Moss Loganiaceae NT* 

COLCO Cola cf cordifolia (Cav.) R.Br. Malvaceae LC 

COLCA Cola caricaefolia Malvaceae 

URELO Urena lobata Linn. Malvaceae LC 

SIDUR Sida urens L Malvaceae LC 

SIDRH Sida rhombifolia linn. Malvaceae LC 

THAWE Thalia welwitschii Ridl. Maranthaceae 

HYPPO Hypselodelphys poggeana (K. Schum.) Milne-Redh. Maranthaceae LC 

DISI Dissotis sp Melastomataceae 


WARCI Warneckea cinnamomoides (G. Don) Jacq. Fél. Melastomataceae LC 

STEI Stephania sp Menispermaceae 

TRIMA Trilepisium madagascariense DC Moraceae LC 

ENSLI Ensete livingstonianum (J.Kirk) Cheesman Musaceae LC 

PYCAN Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Exell. Myristicaceae LC 

SYZ Syzygium sp Myrtaceae 

BOEDI Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae LC 

RHAAF Rhabdophyllum affinis (Hook.f.) Van Tiegh Ochnaceae LC 

CAMI Campylospermum sp Ochnaceae 

OLASU Olax subscorpioidea Oliv. Olacaceae LC 

LINLI Linociera lingelscheimiana Gilg. ex Schellenbs Oleaceae DD 

PLECA Plectrelminthus caudatus (Lindl.) Summerh. Orchidaceae LC 

HABMA Habenaria malacophylla Rchb.f. Orchidaceae LC 

NERRE Nervilia reniformis Schltr. Orchidaceae 

ARGME Argemone mexicana Linn. Papavaraceae 

BRISC Bridelia scleroneura Müll. Arg. Phyllanthaceae LC 

ANTLA Antidesma laciniatum Müll. Arg. Phyllanthaceae LC 

PIPGU Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn. Piperaceae LC 

IMPCY Imperatha cylindricum (l.) Raeuschel Poaceae LC 

LEPZE Leptaspis zeylanica Nees Poaceae LC 

BRABR Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. Poaceae LC 

POA4 Poaceae 

OPLBU Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) Paliso Poaceae LC 

ATRAF Atroxima afzeliana (Oliv.) Stapf. Polygalaceae LC 

CARAL Carpolubia alba G. Don Polygalaceae LC 

PTETO Pteris togoensis Hiern (Fern) Pteridaceae 

CLESI Clematis simensis Fres Ranucaulaceae LC 

VENAF Ventilago africana Exell. Rhamnaceae LC 

CRALA Craterispermum laurinum Rubiaceae 

IXOFO Ixora foliosa Hiern Rubiaceae vu* 

NAULA Nauclea latifolia Rubiaceae LC 

PSY2 Psychotria sp Rubiaceae 

PSY Psychotria sp Rubiaceae 

TRII Tricalysia sp Rubiaceae 

GEO Geophila sp Rubiaceae 

PSY Psychotria sp Rubiaceae 

MUSS Mussaenda sp Rubiaceae 

CROFE Crossoptyrex febrifuga (Afzel. ex G.Don) Benth. Rubiaceae LC 

TRI2 Tricalysia sp Rubiaceae 

ALLBU Allophyllus bullatus Radlk. Sapindaceae vu* 

ALLAF Allophyllus africanus P. Beauv. Sapindaceae LC 

STEKU Stereospermum kunthianum Sapindaceae 

PAUPI Paullinia pinnata Linn. Sapindaceae LC 

SAP32 Sapindaceae 

SAP3L Sapindaceae 

TURLE Turraea leonensis Keay Sapindaceae LC 

LECCU Lecaniodiscus cupanioides Planch Sapindaceae LC 

SCODU Scoparia dulcis L. Scophularaceae LC 

SEL Sellaginella sp (Fern) Sellaginellaceae 

SOLTU Solanum turvum Sw. Solanaceae LC 

TACIN Tacca leontopetaloides (L.) Kuntze Taccaceae LC 

CELPH Celtis philippensis Blanco Ulmaceae LC 

LIPAD Lippia adoensis Hutchst. Verbenaceae 

RINI Rinorea sp Violaceae 

CISSBA Cissus barbeyana De Wild. & T. Durand Vitaceae LC 

CISSI Cissus sp Vitaceae 

CURLO Curcuma longa Linn. Zingeberaceae LC 


REFERENCES 

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Cameroon’ Les éditions Jeune Afrique, Paris, pp 64-65. 

Barthlott, W., Lauer, W. and Placke, A. (1996). Global distribution of Species diversity in 

vascular plants: towards a world map of phytodiversity. Erkunde band, 50: 317-328 (with 

supplement and figure). 

Condit, R. S. (1998). Tropical Forest Census Plots: Methods and Results from Barro Colorado 

Island, Panama and a Comparison with Other Plots. Springer 

Cordy A.J. (1957). Annual Report for 1956, District Officer Nkambe, 30th January 1957. Dallmeier, F. 

(1992). Long-Term Monitoring of Biological Diversity of Tropical Forest Areas: 

Methods for the Establishment and Inventory of Permanent Plots. MAB Digest # 11. Paris: 

UNESCO. 48pp. 

Davis, S. D., V.H. Heywood, and A.C. Hamilton. (1994). Centres of Plant Diversity: A Guide 

and Strategy for their Conservation. Volume 1: Europe, Africa, South West Asia and the Middle 

East. Cambridge, UK: IUCN Publications Unit. pp. 

Diffo, J. L. D. and LeBrteton M. (2004). Reptile of the Nkambe Forest Reseve, Northwest 

Province, Cameroon. Report for WCS, 31p. 

Hussey, T. W. (1949). Touring Notes Nkambe Reserve, Report, 28p. 

Letouzey R. (1985). Notice de la carte phytogéographique du Cameroon, Vol.1-5. Institut de la 

Carte Internationale de la Végétation, Toulouse. 

Lightbody, J.S. (1953). Annual Report Bamenda Charge 1952 – 1953. 

Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon, a Taxonomic checklist with IUCN 

Assessments, IRAD-National Herbarium of Cameroon, Yaounde. 195 pp. 

Onana, J.M., and Cheek, M. (2011). The Red Data Book of the Flowering Plants of 

Cameroon. RBG, Kew. 578 pp 

Onana, J.M. (2011). The Vascular Plants of Cameroon. A Taxonomic Checklist with IUCN 

Assessments. Flore Du Cameroun Volume 39 “Occasional volume”. 

Pollock, J.H.H. (1926). The Mbembe Assessment Report. Ac. 9. Archives Buea. 

Taku A. & Nji F. (2004). Rapid Survey of Birds of the Mbembe Forest Reserved, Northwest 

Region, Cameroon. 

Tchindjang, M., Banga, C. R., Nankam, A., Makak, J. S. (2000). Mapping of Protected areas 

evolution in Cameroon from the beginning to 2000: Lesson to learn and perspectives 

Thomas D. W., Kenfack D., Chuyong G. B., Sainge M. N., Losos E. C., Condit R. S., and Songwe N. 

(2003). Tree species of southwestern Cameroon: Tree distribution maps, diameter 

tables, and species documentation of the 50-hectare Korup Forest Dynamic Plot. – Washington, 

D.C. 


Team Members 

1. Moses Nsanyi Sainge – Principal Investigator /Botanist (TroPEG) 

2. Micheal Ngoh Lyonga- Field Manager I/Botanist (TroPEG) 

3. Moses Bakonck Libalah- Field Manager II/Botanist (TroPEG) 

4. Blaise Jumbam-M.Sc. Student, University of Buea 

5. Mireille Awani-M.Sc. Student, University of Buea 

6. Robin Achah-Executive Officer (TroPEG) 

7. Benedicta Jailughe-Project Accountant (TroPEG) 

8. Dr. Mabel Nechia Wantim- GIS Specialist 

9. Dr. David Kenfack-Scientific Controller of the Work 

10. Njim Hycinth Chunbow-Legal Adviser (TroPEG) 

11. Voh Armstrong- Technical Adviser (TroPEG) 

Community Members Involved during this work 

1. Mr. Nomboh David - Divisional Officer of Ako, Government Administrator 

2. HRH Fon Lenge Joseph Eku – Fon of Buku 

3. Mr. Silas Eku - Buku 

4. Mr. Jonathan Abe of Ako–Field Assistant 

5. Mr. Soken Succeed Danlami of Ako-Field Assistant 

6. Mr. Jackson Gbwate of Buku- Field Assistant 

7. Mr. Chube Wekio of Buku-up-Traditional Practitioner 

8. Mr. Roland Megida Zakeyos of Buku-Traditional Practitioner 

9. Mr. Alfred Shiso of Buku-up-Field Assistant 

10. Mr. Ramson Kabu of Buku-up-Field Assistant 

11. Mr. Jaspa Shiso of Buku-up-Field Assistant 

12. Mr. Wilson Wekio of Buku-up- Field Assistant/tree climber 

13. Mr. Roland Shiso of Buku-up-Field Assistant 

14. Mr. Shifemu Tokoto of Buku-up-Field Assistant 

15. Mr. Franabou Maley of Buku-up-Field Assistant 

16. Mr. Emmanuel Ado of Buku-up-Field Assistant 

17. Mr. Godlove Ado of Buku-up-Field Assistant 

18. Mme Marie Shiso of Buku-up- Cook 

19. Mr. Adamu John Gadima of Ndaka farm-Field Assistant 

20. Mr. Franklin Berinyuy- Driver Bamenda to Nkambe 

21. Mr. Bunila Frederick Biwo-Driver: Nkambe to Buku via Ako. 

22. Mr. Gbaka Nathan-Bike Rider. 

23. Mr. Marcel Chueju-Bike Rider 

24. Mr. Langeh Robinson-Bike Rider 

25. Mr. Amidou Vernyuy-Driver Buku to Nkambe via Ako. 

26. Mr. Diedonne Bandzem- Driver Nkambe to Bamenda 


TROPICAL PLANT EXPLORATION GROUP (TroPEG) -CAMEROON 

Reg. No. 03/G40/606/AR/BASC/SP 

P.O Box 18, Mundemba 

E– mail: tropeg.cam@gmail.com, tropeg_cam@yahoo.com 

Tel: (237) 77 51 35 99/ 77 29 46 17/33 11 48 49

Detailed Final Report - Rufford Small Grants

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