A synoptic account of the Fagaceae of Thailand
A synoptic account of the Fagaceae of Thailand
A synoptic account of the Fagaceae of Thailand
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THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 53–175. 2006.<br />
A <strong>synoptic</strong> <strong>account</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Fagaceae</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Thailand</strong><br />
CHAMLONG PHENGKLAI*<br />
ABSTRACT. As part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> taxonomic revision towards a treatment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> family <strong>Fagaceae</strong> for <strong>the</strong> Flora<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>Thailand</strong>, a preliminary <strong>account</strong> is provided with keys to <strong>the</strong> genera, species, subspecies and varieties,<br />
full synonymy, notes on geographical and ecological distributions, vernacular names and uses. The<br />
<strong>account</strong> comprises 4 genera, 119 species, 2 subspecies and 2 varieties indigenous to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
FAGACEAE<br />
Monoecious evergreen or deciduous trees. Stipules caducous. Leaves simple,<br />
spirally arranged, rarely in whorls, pinnately nerved, margin entire or serrate. Inflorescences<br />
solitary or branched, male and female separate or androgynous (female flowers towards<br />
base, male towards apex) or mixed. Male inflorescences erect or pendulous, with flowers<br />
solitary or in clusters. Perianth 6–lobed. Stamens 10–12, an<strong>the</strong>rs basifixed or dorsifixed;<br />
rudimentary ovary hairy where present. Female, androgynous and mixed inflorescences<br />
erect. Female flowers solitary or in clusters, each flower surrounded by a cupule. Ovary<br />
inferior, 3–(6) locular, each locule with 2 anatropous ovules, styles as many as locules;<br />
stigmas capitate or punctiform; staminodes 6(–12) or absent. Cupules saucer- or cupshaped,<br />
solitary or in clusters, <strong>of</strong>ten woody to enclosing <strong>the</strong> nut; it variously muricate,<br />
scaly, spiny, tuberculate or with concentric or spiral lamellae, rarely almost smooth;<br />
indehiscent or dehiscent. Nuts ovoid, tubular, triangular or subdepressed, completely<br />
enclosed or enclosed at base only by <strong>the</strong> sessile or stalked cupule, bearing a flattened,<br />
concave or convex circular scar below.<br />
A family <strong>of</strong> 8 genera and about 700 species widely distributed mainly in <strong>the</strong> nor<strong>the</strong>rn<br />
hemisphere. Four genera with 119 species, 2 subspecies, and 2 varieties indigenous to<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
KEY TO THE GENERA<br />
(based on flowering specimens)<br />
1. Male flowers with rudimentary ovary present. Stamens 10–12, an<strong>the</strong>rs dorsifixed. Female flowers<br />
with 10–12 staminodes, stigmata punctiform. Male and female inflorescence always erect<br />
2. Cupule-primordia already developed before an<strong>the</strong>sis, always solitary, with distinct vertical sutures,<br />
with 2–4(–8) separate growing points, enclosing 1–3(–7) flowers 1. Castanopsis<br />
* Fellow <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Acadamy <strong>of</strong> Science, <strong>the</strong> Royal Institute, <strong>Thailand</strong>, c/o Forest Herbarium, National Park,<br />
Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok 10900, <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
This work was supported by The Biodiversity Research and Training Program (BRT).
54<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
2. Cupule-primodia not developed before an<strong>the</strong>sis, solitary or in dichasial clusters, ring-shaped<br />
withouts vertical suture and separate growing points, enclosing 1 flower only 2. Lithocarpus<br />
1. Male flowers without rudimentary ovary. Stamens 5–6(–9), an<strong>the</strong>rs basifixed. Female flowers without<br />
staminodes (or rarely 5–6 staminodes), stigmata capitate. Male inflorescence pendulous (rarely<br />
suberect)<br />
3. Inflorescence always unisexual, simple. Male inflorescence pendulous. Female flowers always<br />
solitary, staminodes sometimes present, Ovary round in outline. Terminal buds densely crowded,<br />
<strong>the</strong> scales with a tendency towards orthostichy. Stipules not interpetiolar 3. Quercus<br />
3. Inflorescence unisexual or bisexual, simple or much branched. Male inflorescence sub-erect.<br />
Female flowers in dichasial clusters 3–15, staminodes absent. Ovary trigonous in outline.<br />
Terminal buds not densely crowded, scales imbricate. Stipules interpetiolar 4. Trigonobalanus<br />
KEY TO THE GENERA<br />
(based on acorns)<br />
1. Margin <strong>of</strong> mature cupules entire, indehiscent (except 4 spp. <strong>of</strong> Lithocarpus*)<br />
2. Stigmas punctiform (early acorn development), terminal buds solitary 2. Lithocarpus<br />
2. Stigmas capitate (early acorn development), terminal buds crowded 3. Quercus<br />
1. Margin <strong>of</strong> mature cupules lobed or irregularly lobed at dehiscence<br />
3. Nut round in outline, cupules dehiscent, with up to 4 irregular lobes, wall <strong>of</strong> cupule mostly<br />
with spines 1. Castanopsis<br />
3. Nut triangular in outline, Cupules broadly saucer-shaped, margin with not less than 7 irregularundulate<br />
lobes, wall <strong>of</strong> cupule without spines 4. Trigonobalanus<br />
* L. enclisacarpus, L. pattaniensis, L. falconeri & L. platycarpus.<br />
KEY TO THE GENERA<br />
(based on vegetative and field characteristic)<br />
1. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves not changing colour before falling <strong>of</strong>f<br />
2. Petioles not geniculate. Inner bark with ridges strongly penetrating surface <strong>of</strong> sapwood<br />
3. Terminal buds crowded. Leaves mostly with serrate margin 3. Quercus<br />
3. Terminal buds solitary. Leaves with entire margin 2. Lithocarpus<br />
2. Petiole geniculate. Inner bark without ridges penetrating surface <strong>of</strong> sapwood 1. Castanopsis<br />
1. Stipules interpetiolar. Leaves turning yellowish before falling <strong>of</strong>f 4. Trigonobalanus<br />
1. CASTANOPSIS*<br />
(D.Don) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vâg. 2: 185. 1842; Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 103.<br />
1863; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 409. 1880; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 93.<br />
1889; Schneider, Illust. Handb. Laubh. 1: 159. 1906; Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl.<br />
Wilson 3: 97. 1916; A.Camus, Châtaigniers,Texte.: 243. 1929; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte,<br />
Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1007. 1930; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 7: 384. 1968; Soepadmo in Fl. Males.<br />
7(2): 294. 1972.— Callaeocarpus Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 13. 1851.— Chrysolepis Hjelmq., Bot.<br />
Not. Suppl. 2, 1: 117. 1948; Forman, Kew Bull. 18, 1966: 425.<br />
* with T. Jonganurak, Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department,<br />
Bangkok 10900, <strong>Thailand</strong>.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 55<br />
Evergreen trees, rarely shrubs. Branchlets initially densely yellowish brownpubescent.<br />
Terminal buds ovoid to ellipsoid, scales ovate to linear. Stipules extrapetiolar,<br />
caducous. Leaves spiral, entire or serrate, rarely lobed, glabrous or sparsely hairy unless<br />
along nerves on lower surface and <strong>the</strong>n petioles much swollen near base and always<br />
geniculate. Inflorescences male and female separate or female below and male on <strong>the</strong> upper<br />
part in some erect spikes, occasionally mixed, densely stellate pubescent including bracts<br />
and bracteoles. Male inflorescences simple and axillary or much-branched and subterminal.<br />
Flowers solitary or in clusters <strong>of</strong> 3 or more, with one or more small bracts; perianth<br />
campanulate or cup-shaped, usually 6-lobed, free or minutely connate near base. Stamens<br />
12, occasionally fewer, glabrous, an<strong>the</strong>rs dorsifixed. Rudimentary ovary subglobose, villous<br />
or with several villous scales. Female, androgynous or mixed inflorescences solitary in <strong>the</strong><br />
axil or in <strong>the</strong> upper part <strong>of</strong> a paniculate cluster with males. Flowers solitary or in clusters <strong>of</strong><br />
three or more, perianth bracts and bracteoles as in male but smaller. Staminodes 10-12.<br />
Styles 3, occasionally 4, cylindrical, hairy at <strong>the</strong> base; stigmas terminal and punctiform.<br />
Ripe cupule completely enclosing <strong>the</strong> one to four nuts, <strong>of</strong>ten dehiscent, covered by whorls<br />
<strong>of</strong> simple or branched spines or tubercles, or with entire rings when it is distinctly oblique.<br />
Fruits ovoid or rounded with <strong>the</strong> adjoining sides flattened; scar present.<br />
A genus <strong>of</strong> about 120 species, widely distributed in <strong>the</strong> subtropical and tropical<br />
parts <strong>of</strong> South Asia, almost to Australia, and with a divergent distribution in <strong>the</strong> South-<br />
Western United States <strong>of</strong> America; 33 species are indigenous to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
KEY TO THE SPECIES<br />
(based on vegetative characters and acorns)<br />
1. Cupules covered with thin imbricate scales on outer part or smooth. Nuts simple, ovoid or occasionally<br />
depressed<br />
2. Cupules smooth, without scales, only 3–4 undulate lines on outer part, cupule enclosing nut<br />
completely except for <strong>the</strong> apical umbo. Acorns pyriform. Nuts ovoid 24. C. piriformis<br />
2. Cupules with thin imbricate scales, lamellate<br />
3. Leaves serrate<br />
4. Scales acute and erect at apex. Cupules enclosing up to half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
5. Fruit rachis up to 10 cm long. Petioles usually with one gland on <strong>the</strong> upper side<br />
13. C. fissa<br />
5. Fruit rachis not less than 15 cm long. Petioles without gland 6. C. calathiformis<br />
4. Scales truncate at apex. Cupules enclosing three-quarters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
6. Scar at base <strong>of</strong> nut flat. Leaves glabrous 7. C. cerebrina<br />
6. Scar at base <strong>of</strong> nut curved. Leaves tomentose on lower surface, glabrescent<br />
30. C. siamensis<br />
3. Leaves entire. Cupules enclosing nut completely except <strong>the</strong> apical umbo, skin <strong>of</strong> mature acorn<br />
with only 4–5 undulate lines 19. C. lanceifolia<br />
1. Cupules covered with spines or tubercles. Nuts solitary or up to 4, ovoid or flattened to one<br />
longitudinal side, occasionally depressed<br />
7. Cupules with branched or branched and simple spines<br />
8. Cupules with both branched and simple spines, spines hairy, glabrescent<br />
9. Nut solitary in each cupule<br />
10. Nuts curved to one side, apex and base close toge<strong>the</strong>r, but globose in outline<br />
11. C. echidnocarpa<br />
10. Nuts ovoid, regular 3. C. argyrophylla<br />
9. Nuts (1–)2–4 in each cupule<br />
11. Cupule densely covered with brittle, straight and hairy spines. Cupule more or less<br />
indehiscent when dry 16. C. hystrix
56<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
11. Cupule sparsely covered with woody, curved and glabrous spines. Cupule dehiscent into<br />
(3–)4 parts when dry 29. C. schefferiana<br />
8. Cupules with branched spines only<br />
12. Spines partially covering <strong>the</strong> skin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cupule<br />
13.Cupules to 2.5 cm in diam. (including spines), spines sparsely hairy<br />
14. Nut urceolate. Cupule with 1–3 nuts, dehiscing into 3–5 parts. Leaf lower surface<br />
covered with dense, short, simple hairs 31. C. thaiensis<br />
14. Nut ovoid. Cupule with 1 nut, indehiscent. Leaves sparsely hairy and glabrescent<br />
or lower surface possessing dense, short, simple hairs.<br />
15.Leaf lower surface possessing dense, short hairs, not glabrescent 14. C. fordii<br />
15.Leaf lower surface possessing sparse, short hairs, glabrescent<br />
16. Spines erect, squarrose, with 3–5 branches. Cupules equal in dimensions.<br />
Leaves serrate on upper-half 25. C. pseudo-hystrix<br />
16. Spines always 2–3 branched, reclinate from <strong>the</strong> base. Cupules always<br />
with an unequal side when young. Leaves entire 22. C. nephelioides<br />
13. Cupules not less than 4 cm in diam. (including spines), spines densely hairy<br />
17. Cupules entire, inner part with s<strong>of</strong>t, silky white hairs. Fruit stalk 2–5 mm long<br />
26. C. purpurea<br />
17. Cupules usually 2-lobed, inner part sparsely hairy. Fruit stalk sessile 23. C. pierrei<br />
12. Spines entirely covered <strong>the</strong> skin <strong>of</strong> cupules<br />
18. Spines strongly squarrose, with 3–7 branches 33. C. wallichii<br />
18. Spines erect, pointed<br />
19. Nuts up to 2.5 by 1.5 cm. Petiole up to 1.5 cm long 2. C. argentea<br />
19. Nuts not less than 4 by 2.5 cm. Petiole not less than 1.5 cm. long<br />
21. C. megacarpa<br />
7. Cupules with simple spines only<br />
20. Spines curved, not dense, <strong>the</strong> cupule skin easily visible<br />
21. Spines irregularly arranged on <strong>the</strong> skin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cupule<br />
22. Spines straight at base, towards apex recurved away from <strong>the</strong> cupule. Cupules always<br />
dehiscent. Nuts ovoid, glabrous. Leaves serrate on <strong>the</strong> upper half<br />
1. C. acuminatissima<br />
22. Spines straight at base, towards apex curved inward towards <strong>the</strong> cupule. Cupules<br />
rarely dehiscent. Nuts depressed at base, silvery hairy. Leaves entire<br />
8. C. costata<br />
21. Spines regularly arranged in crossed or twisted lines on <strong>the</strong> skin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cupule<br />
23. Cupules globular, spines arranged in crossed lines. Leaves obovate or oblong<br />
18. C. inermis<br />
23. Cupules ellipsoid, rarely ovoid, spines arranged in twisted lines. Leaves lanceolate or<br />
oblong 32. C. tribuloides<br />
20. Spines straight, dense and completely covering <strong>the</strong> skin <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cupule<br />
24. Cupules (including spines) not less than 4 cm in diam. (usually 4.5–6.5 cm)<br />
25. Cupules in clusters <strong>of</strong> 2–3 on <strong>the</strong> rachis<br />
26. Nuts solitary in each cupule, scar more than half <strong>the</strong> length <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut and fused<br />
with <strong>the</strong> cupule skin 4. C. armata<br />
26. Nuts (1–)2-4 in each cupule, scar only on <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> nut and only partially fused<br />
with cupule ski 28. C. rockii<br />
25. Cupules solitary<br />
27. Nuts ovoid or globose, with orbicular indumentum around <strong>the</strong> umbo<br />
10. C. diversifolia<br />
27. Nuts flattened on one longitudinal side, with stellate indumentum around <strong>the</strong><br />
umbo 20. C. malaccensis<br />
24. Cupules (including spines) not exceeding 4 cm. in diam. (usually 2.5–4 cm)<br />
28. Nuts broader than long, depressed at both apex and base<br />
29. Nuts solitary, cupule completely enclosing <strong>the</strong> nut. Leaves shortly cuspidate at apex, slightly<br />
cuneate at base 15. C. javanica
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 57<br />
29. Nuts (2–)3 per cupule, <strong>the</strong> latter enclosing two-thirds to three-quarters <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut. Leaves<br />
obtuse at base and apex 5. C. brevispinula<br />
28. Nuts longer than broad<br />
30. Leaves oblong, elliptic, ovate or obovate.<br />
31. Leaves serrate. Nuts conical or ovoid, usually curved to one longitudinal side. Cupules<br />
usually in cluster 2-3 17. C. indica<br />
31. Leaves entire. Nuts globular or conical, slightly flattened on adaxial side. Cupules always<br />
solitary 27. C. rhamnifolia<br />
30. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, rarely elliptic or ovate<br />
32. Adaxial side <strong>of</strong> young cupules with one glabrous, narrow stripe from apex to <strong>the</strong> base<br />
9. C. crassifolia<br />
32. Adaxial and <strong>the</strong> opposite sides <strong>of</strong> young cupules with irregularly diffuse hairs throughout<br />
12. C. ferox<br />
1. Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) A.DC, J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; Hickel & A.Camus in<br />
H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1012. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 162. 1940; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 307. 1972;<br />
Soepadmo, Julia & Go, Fl. Sabah, 3: 7. 2000.— Castanea acuminatissima Blume, Mus. Bot.<br />
1: 283. 1850.— C. sessilifolia Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 284. 1850.— Quercus lineata Miq. (non<br />
Blume), Pl. Jungh. 1: 10. 1851.— Q. junghuhnii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 853. 1856; Craib,<br />
Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 471; Craib, Con. Fl. Siam, Aberd. Univ.: 199. 1912.— Q.<br />
fargiformis Jungh., Bonplandia (Hannover) 6: 83.1858.—Q. acuminatissima (Blume) A.DC.<br />
in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 102. 1864; Backer & Bakh.f.; Fl. Java 2: 6. 1965.— Pasania<br />
acuminatissima (A.DC) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn<br />
1866: 83. 1866; Ridley. Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 386. 1924.— Synaedrys fargiformis (Jungh.)<br />
Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 187. 1916.— Castanopsis bejaudii A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl.<br />
Hist. Nat., II, 13: 479. 1942.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN:<br />
Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi. PENINSULAR:<br />
Yala.<br />
Distribution.— India, Myanma, Indo-China, Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Taiwan,<br />
Japan, New Guinea.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest, and mixed deciduous<br />
forest, on granite and limestone bedrock.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko dueai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡), ko laem (°àÕ·À≈¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko it<br />
( °àÕÕ‘¥), ko mad (°àÕÀ¡—¥), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), (North-eastern); ko kin nuai (°àÕ°‘πÀπ૬) (Eastern).<br />
U s e s.— Nuts edible, a pioneer species suitable for forest rehabilitation.<br />
2. Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 4.<br />
1965; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 179. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh<br />
34: 336. 1944; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 311. 1972.— Fagus argentea Blume, Flora 7:
58<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
1 2 3<br />
4 5 6<br />
7 8 9<br />
10 11 12<br />
Figure 1. Various fruits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Castanopsis: 1) °àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬ Castanopsis acuminatissima; 2) °àÕ¢“« C.<br />
argentea; 3) °àÕÀ¬ÿ¡ C. argyrophylla; 4) °àÕÀ√— Ëß C. armata; 5) °àÕ°—π C. brevispinula; 6) °àÕÀ¡Ÿ¥Õ¬<br />
C. calathiformis; 7) °àÕµ“À¡Ÿ C. cerebrina; 8) °àÕ√‘ È« C. costata; 9) °àÕ·Àâß C. crassifolia; 10) °àÕ·ªÑπ<br />
C. diversifolia; 11) °àÕ·ªÑπ C. echidnocarpa; 12) °àÕ·À≈¡ C. ferox.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 59<br />
13 14 15<br />
16 17 18<br />
19 20 21<br />
22 23 24<br />
Figure 2. Various fruits and flowers <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Castanopsis: 13) °àÕµ“À¡Ÿ Castanopsis fissa; 14) °àÕπà“π<br />
female flower <strong>of</strong> C. fordii; 15) °àÕÀ¡Ÿ C. javanica; 16) °àÕ·¥ß C. hystrix; 17) °àÕ≈‘ Ë¡ C. indica; 18)<br />
°àբ⓫ C. inermis; 19) °àÕ‡¥’ ˬ« C. lanceifolia; 20) °àÕ¥“π C. malaccensis; 21) °àÕ‡¡àπ C. megacarpa;<br />
22) °àÕÀ¡Ÿ C. nephelioides; 23) °àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ C. pierrei; 24) °àÕÀ‘π C. piriformis.
60<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
25 26 27<br />
28 29 30<br />
31 32 33<br />
Figure 3. Various fruits <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> genus Castanopsis: 25) °àÕ·¥ß Castanopsis pseudo-hystrix; 26) °àÕ¥“π C.<br />
purpurea; 27) °àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ C. rhamnifolia; 28) °àÕ√Õ§ C. rockii; 29) °àÕ‡¢’ Ȭ«À¡Ÿ C. schefferiana; 31)<br />
°àÕ‰∑¬ C. thaiensis; 32) °àÕ„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡<br />
C. tribuloides; 33) °àÕ∫â“π C. wallichii.<br />
291. 1824.— Castanea argentea (Blume) Blume, Bijdr.: 525. 1826; Blume, Fl. Javae Cupul.:<br />
40, t. 21. 1829; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 479. 1877.— C. martabanica Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar.<br />
2: 5., t. 107. 1830; Wall. ex Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: 621. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.<br />
(Calcutta) 2: 98, t. 89. 1889.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak; NORTHEASTERN:<br />
Phetchabun; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma, Malaysia, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Hill evergreen forest, pine-dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest,<br />
savannah, alt. 50–1680 m. (usually 900–1100 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually March–<br />
April), fruiting Feb.–Nov. (usually May–July).<br />
Vernacular.—Ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko rang (°àÕ√— Èß) (North-eastern); ko khao
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 61<br />
(°àÕ¢“«); ko krang (°àÕ°√—ß), ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ), ko khao (°àÕ‡¢“) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
3. Castanopsis argyrophylla King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 622. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc.<br />
Inform. Kew 1911: 473. 1911; Craib, Con. Fl. Siam., Aberd. Univ.: 202. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus<br />
in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1014. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 170. 1940; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 236. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 497. 1968;<br />
C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China, 4: 324. 1999.—<br />
Castanea tribuloides (non Lindl.) Smith var. ferox Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 481. 1877.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak,<br />
Sukhothai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei, Mukdahan; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Trang.<br />
Distribution.— China, India, Myanma (type), Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, oak-pine forest,<br />
alt. 350–1300 m. (usually 500–900 m). Flowering Feb.–Nov. (usually June–July), fruiting<br />
March–Dec. (usually Aug.–Nov.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko yum (°àÕÀ¬ÿ¡), ko hua lok (°àÕÀ—«≈Õ°), ko ti (°àÕµ’), ko nam bai lek<br />
(°àÕÀπ“¡„∫‡≈Á°), ko kang dang (°àÕ°â“ߥâ“ß), ko ta mu luang (°àÕµ“À¡ŸÀ≈«ß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
4. Castanopsis armata (Roxb.) Spach., Hist. Nat. Vég. 11: 185. 1842; Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot.<br />
Lugduno-Batavi 1: 119. 1863; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 622. 1888; Paulsen, Fl. Koh<br />
Chang, 24.3: 255. 1902; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1031. 1930;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 175. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366.<br />
1944.— Quercus armata Roxb. (non D.Don), Pl. Coromandel 3: 92, t. 296. 1819; Roxb., Fl.<br />
Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 640. 1832; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 640. 1888.— Castanopsis<br />
tribuloides (Sm.) A.DC. var. armata (Roxb.) Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 481. 1877.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae, Tak;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Trang.<br />
Distribution.— India, Nepal, Myanma (type)<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, lowland evergreen forest, pine-mixed deciduous<br />
forest, oak-pine forest, alt. 100–1850 m. (usually 800–1100 m. Flowering Jan.–Sept. (usually<br />
Feb.–April), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually March–July).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko rang (°àÕÀ√— Ëß), ko ti bai lueam (°àÕµ’ Ë„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡),<br />
ko nam (°àÕπÈ”), ko soi<br />
(°àÕ √âÕ¬), ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ), mamun (¡–¡Ÿπ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko khao<br />
(°àբ⓫), ko lang khao (°àÕÀ≈—ߢ“«) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
5. Castanopsis brevispinula Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 395. 1922; Hickel<br />
& A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1015. 1930. Fig. 4.
62<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 4. Castanopsis brevispinula Hickel & A. Camus: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Suvanasudhi<br />
112), A-1 parts <strong>of</strong> female inflorescence, A-2 bud, A-3 ovary; B. male flower, B-1 part <strong>of</strong> male<br />
flower; C. parts <strong>of</strong> infructescence, C-1 acorn, C-2 nut.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 63<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi.<br />
Distribution.— Laos (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane evergreen forest, oak-pine forest, alt. 650–1600 m.<br />
(usually 1000–1400 m). Flowering March–June, fruiting March–Nov.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko kan (°àÕ°—π) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
6. Castanopsis calathiformis (Skan) Rehder & Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson 3: 204.<br />
1916; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 191a. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh<br />
34: 336. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 320.<br />
1999.— Quercus calathiformis Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 508. 1899.— Synaedrys<br />
calathiformis (Skan) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 188. 1916.— Pasania calathiformis<br />
(Skan) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 408. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in<br />
H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1004. 1930.— Lithocarpus calathiformis (Skan) A.Camus,<br />
Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lampang.<br />
Distribution.— China (Yunnan, type), Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— In moist upper mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, to lower<br />
and upper montane forests, on granite bedrock, alt. 700–2000 m. (usually 1800–2000 m).<br />
Flowering Jan.–May (usually April–May), fruiting April–Dec. (usually July–Oct.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mu doi (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ¥Õ¬), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), ko nam (°àÕπÈ”), ko ta mu<br />
(°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible<br />
7. Castanopsis cerebrina (Hickel & A.Camus) Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 405. 1940;<br />
Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 183. 1944.— Pasania cerebrina Hickel &<br />
A.Camus, Ann. Nat. Bot. 3: 408. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5:<br />
1004. 1930.— Lithocarpus cerebinus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric.<br />
Trop. 15: 25. 1935. Fig. 5.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— On ridge <strong>of</strong> hill evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forest, alt. 900–<br />
1800 m. (usually 900–1500 m) Flowering March–June (usually March–April), fruiting<br />
March–Dec. (usually March–April).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
8. Castanopsis costata (Blume) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr.<br />
16(2): 110. 1864; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 456. 1915; Ridley, Fl.<br />
Malay Penins. 3: 390. 1924; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 168. 1940; Barnett, Trans. &
64<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 5. Castanopsis cerebrina (Hickel & A. Camus) Barnett: A. twig, leaves and female inflorescences<br />
(Smitinand 1781), A-1 bud; B. male inflorescences (Maxwell 96-582), B-1 male flower; C.<br />
infructescence (Maxwell 97-1455), C-1 acorn, C-2 nut (germinating).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 65<br />
Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944. Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 312. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia<br />
& Go, Fl. Sabah, 3: 12. 2000.— Castanea costata Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 284. 1851.— C.<br />
brevicuspis Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 866. 1856.— C. costa Blume var. bancana Scheff.,<br />
Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië31: 362. 1870; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 168. 1940.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phatthalung, Trang.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type),<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest, by stream, on granite<br />
and limestone bedrock, alt. 75–1700 m. (usually 200–300 m). Flowering Feb.–June, fruiting<br />
April–Oct.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko (°àÕ), ko rio (°àÕ√‘ È«), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
9. Castanopsis crassifolia Hickel & A.Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4: 122. 1928; Hickel &<br />
A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1027. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 437.<br />
1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 332. 1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; NORTHEASTERN: Loei.<br />
SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR:<br />
Ranong, Krabi, Pattani.<br />
Distribution.— China, Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, oak-pine forest, lower montane evergreen<br />
forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams alt. 200–1600 m (usually 1050–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually<br />
July–Dec.), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually March–Aug.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko laem (°àÕ·À≈¡), ko nam laem (°àÕÀπ“¡·À≈¡), ko nam<br />
(°àÕÀπ“¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko (°àÕ), ko khao (°àբ⓫), ko haeng (°àÕ·Àâß) (North-eastern); ko dueai<br />
(°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬) (South-eastern); ko rio (°àÕ√‘ È«), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
10. Castanopsis diversifolia (Kurz) King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1888; King, Ann.<br />
Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 96, t. 85a. 1889; Craib, Bull Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 473. 1911;<br />
Craib, Con. Fl. Siam. Aber. Univ.: 202. 1912; Brandis, Indian Trees: 634. 1921; Hickel &<br />
A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1022. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 165.<br />
1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366. 1944.— Castanea diversifolia<br />
Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, 44(2): 198. 1875; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 479. 1877.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hongson, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang,<br />
Tak; CENTRAL: Lop Buri.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma (type), Laos<br />
Ecology.— Lower and upper montane evergreen forests, scrub vegetation, mixed<br />
deciduous forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 700–2200 m (usually 1000–1500 m.) Flowering<br />
Feb.–Nov. (usually Feb.–Aug.).
66<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Vernacular.— Ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ), ko rang (°àÕÀ√— Ëß), ko (°àÕ), kao kwang (°«â“«°«“ß), ko ti<br />
(°àÕµ’), ma ko (¡–°àÕ), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
11. Castanopsis echidnocarpa Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 119. 1863; A.DC., J.<br />
Bot. 1: 182. 1864; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 112. 1864; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang &<br />
B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China, 4: 330. 1999.— Castanea echidnocarpa<br />
Hook.f. & Thomson ex A.DC., in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 112. 1864.— Castanopsis<br />
tribuloides (Smith.) A.DC. var. echidnocarpa (A.DC.) King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 623.<br />
1888; Brandis, Indian Trees, ed 3: 635. 1906.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Lamphun; NORTHEASTERN:<br />
Loei; EASTERN: Si Sa Ket; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Surat<br />
Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Songkhla.<br />
Distribution.— Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Khasi, type), Nepal, Myanma, China.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, dry evergreen forest, mixed<br />
deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt. 50–1600 m (ususally<br />
700–1200 m). Flowering April–Jan. (usually April–Sept.), fruiting March–Dec. (usually Aug.–<br />
Oct.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ), ko dueai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬), ko kaeo (°àÕ·°â«) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko<br />
khao (°àբ⓫) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko khao (°àÕ¢“«), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible (<strong>of</strong>ten mixed with C. tribuloides nuts).<br />
12. Castanopsis ferox (Roxb.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 11: 185. 1842; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang &<br />
B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 327. 1999.—Quercus ferox Roxb., Fl. Ind.<br />
ed. 1832, 3: 638. 1832. Fig. 6.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phrae; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi.<br />
Distribution.— India, Bangladesh, Myanma (type), Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, alt. 820–1650 m (usually 1200–1400 m). Flowering<br />
March–Dec. (usually Dec.), fruiting Feb.–Dec. (frequently Dec.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko laem (°àÕ·À≈¡), ko dueai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬), ma ko mu (¡–°àÕÀ¡Ÿ).<br />
13. Castanopsis fissa (Champ. ex Benth) Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S. Sargent, Pl. Wilson<br />
3: 203. 1916; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 191d. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc.<br />
Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl.<br />
China, 4: 320. 1999.— Quercus fissa Champ. ex Benth., Hook., J. Bot. 6: 114. 1854; A.DC., in<br />
A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 104. 1864.— Pasania fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Oerst., Vidensk.<br />
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 76. 1866; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte,<br />
Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1005. 1930.— Castanea regia Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., IV, 18: 231.<br />
1862.— Synaedrys fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 30: 187. 1916.—
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 67<br />
Figure 6. Castanopsis ferox (Roxb.) Spach: A. twig, leaves and male inflorescences; A-1 male flower<br />
cluster, A-2 male flower, A-3 sepal and stamens; B. infructescence (van Beusekom & Phengklai<br />
2343), B-1 young acorn, B-2 spines, B-3 insertion <strong>of</strong> spines, B-4 nut.
68<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Proc. Lithocarpus fissus (Champ. ex Benth.) A.Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 15: 24.<br />
1935.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang.<br />
Distribution.— China (Hong Kong, type), Myanma.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane evergreen forest, alt. 1200–1300 m. Flowering Feb.–<br />
April, fruiting Nov. –Jan.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
14. Castanopsis fordii Hance, J. Bot. 22: 230. 1884; Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot.. 26: 523. 1884;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 440. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu &<br />
P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 323. 1999. Fig. 7.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Nan.<br />
Distribution.— China (Kwangtung, type).<br />
Ecology.— Evergreen forest, alt. 900 m. Flowering July.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko nan (°àÕπà“π) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
15. Castanopsis javanica (Blume) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle,<br />
Prodr. 16(2): 111. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 602. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.<br />
(Calcutta) 2: 97, t. 88. 1889; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 424. 1940; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java<br />
2: 4. 1965; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 306. 1972.— Fagus javanica Blume, Flora 7: 295.<br />
1824.— Castanea javanica Blume, Bijdr.: 525. 1826.— C. montana Blume, Bijdr.: 526.<br />
1826.— Quercus discocarpa Hance, J. Bot. 12: 242. 1874; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5:<br />
616. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 302. 1940.— Pasania discocarpa (Hance) Gamble, J.<br />
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 447. 1915.— Synaedrys discocarpa (Hance) Koidz,<br />
Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916. Fig. 8.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si<br />
Thammarat.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. ca. 100 m. Flowering Jan., fruiting<br />
Nov.–Jan.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
16. Castanopsis hystrix A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 128. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2):<br />
111. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1888; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl.<br />
Indo-Chine 5: 1025. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 416. 1940.— Castanea hystrix<br />
Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 119. 1863.— Quercus<br />
rufescens Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1888. Fig. 9.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 69<br />
Figure 7. Castanopsis fordii Hance: A. twig, leaves and female inflorescences (Larsen et al. 43548),<br />
A-1 female flower.
70<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 8. Castanopsis javanica (Blume) A. DC.: A. twig, leaves and female inflorescence (Abbe 9743),<br />
A-1 base <strong>of</strong> leaf, A-2 bud, A-3 female flower, A-4 ovary, A-5 cross section <strong>of</strong> ovary; B. male<br />
flower cluster, B-1 male flower; C. acorn with cupule partially removed (Santisuk s.n.), C-1.<br />
spines.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 71<br />
Figure 9. Castanopsis hystrix (Hook.f. & Thoms. ex Miq.) A. DC.: A. twig and leaves; B. male inflorescences<br />
(Mazzetti 309), B-1 male flower; C. part <strong>of</strong> infructescence (Thomson s.n.), C-1 spines, C-2 nut.
72<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Distribution.— India (type), Myanma, Laos, Vietnam, China, Taiwan.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
17. Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle,<br />
Prodr. 16(2): 109. 1864; King ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform.<br />
Kew 1911: 473. 1911; Craib, Cont. Fl. Siam, Aber. Univ.: 202. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in<br />
H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1027. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 159. 1940; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 495. 1968;<br />
C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 323. 1999.—<br />
Castanea indica Roxb. ex Lindl. In N.Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 5. 1830; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 643.<br />
1832; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 478. 1877.— Quercus indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Drake, J. Bot.<br />
(Morot): 153. 1890.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Phitsanulok;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum.<br />
Distribution.— India, Nepal (type), Myanma, China, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, moist upper mixed<br />
deciduous forest, opened grassland; alt. 500–2000 m. (usually 500–900 m). Flowering Feb.–<br />
Dec. (usually Feb.–May), fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually May–July), usually producing flowers<br />
and fruits at <strong>the</strong> same time.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lim (°àÕ≈‘ Ë¡), ko rang (°àÕÀ√— Ëß), ko yum (°àÕÀ¬ÿ¡), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡), ko<br />
paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko khao (°àբ⓫), ko ti (°àÕµ’), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
18. Castanopsis inermis (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 409. 1880; A.Camus,<br />
Châtaigniers, Texte: 447; Atlas: t. 63. 1929; Corner, Wayside Trees: 292, f. 93, pl. 219. 1940;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 185. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366.<br />
1944; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 315. 1972.— Castanea inermis Lindl. in N.Wallich, Pl.<br />
Asiat. Rar. 2: 6. 1831; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 116. 1864.— C. glomerata<br />
Blume (non Roxb.), Mus. Bot. 1: 283. 1850.— Callaeocarpus sumatrana Miq., Pl. Jungh.:<br />
14. 1851; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 868. 1856.— Castanopsis sumatrana (Miq.) Oerst., Skr.<br />
Vidensk-Selsk. Christiana, Math.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 5(9): 378. 1873; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 623. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees.: 635. 1921; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 390. 1924.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan; NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom;<br />
EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Krabi, Phatthalung, Trang,<br />
Songkhla, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma, Malaysia, Singapore (type), Indonesia, Philippines.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, on limestone and<br />
granite bedrock, alt. 80–200 m (ususally 80–100 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually Jan.–<br />
March), fruiting June–Dec. (ususally June–Aug.).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 73<br />
Vernacular.— Ko duei (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko herm (°àÕ‡À‘¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko<br />
mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko khao (°àբ⓫), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
19. Castanopsis lanceifolia (Oerst.) Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 394. 1922;<br />
Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1012. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia:<br />
190. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944.— Quercus lanceifolia<br />
Roxb. (non Schltdl. & Cham.), Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 634. 1832; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India.<br />
5: 616. 1888; Paulsen, Fl. Koh Chang: 255. 1902; Brandis, Indian Trees: 632. 1921.— Pasania<br />
lanceifolia Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 84. 1866;—<br />
Castanea lanceaefolia (Oerst.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. A: cxxvii. 1875; Forest<br />
Fl. Burma 2: 482. 1877.— Synaedrys lanceaefolia Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916.—<br />
Castanopsis roxburghiana S.N.Biswas, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 11: 189. 1971.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; SOUTHEASTERN:<br />
Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani.<br />
Distribution.— India (Himalaya, type), Bhutan, Myanma.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen and lower montane forests, alt. 10–800 m. Flowering<br />
Jan.–Sept., fruiting March–Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko diao (°àÕ‡¥’ ˬ«), ko bai laem (°àÕ„∫·À≈¡), ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ), ko hin<br />
(°àÕÀ‘π) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ) (Peninsular).<br />
20. Castanopsis malaccensis Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 178. 1913; Gamble, J.<br />
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 455. 1915; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 388. 1924;<br />
A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 319. 1929; Corner, Wayside. Trees: 293. 1940; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 426. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 303. 1972. Fig. 10.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Satun.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko dan (°àÕ¥“π) (Peninsular).<br />
21. Castanopsis megacarpa Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 180. 1914; Gamble, J.<br />
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 462. 1915; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 390. 1924;<br />
A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 440; Atlas: t. 61. 1929; Corner, Wayside trees: 293. 1940;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 460. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 305. 1972.— Castanopsis<br />
javanica (non A.DC.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1890. Fig. 10.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Satun.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 300–400 m. Flowering April,<br />
fruiting Sept.
74<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 10. Castanopsis megacarpa Gamble: A. leaf and inflorescences (Abbe 9734), A-1 bud, A-2 male<br />
flower cluster, A-3 male flower; B. detached leaf (showing shape variation when compared with<br />
A), B-1 leaf base; C. acorn (Niyomdham 4825), C-1 spines, C-2 nut.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 75<br />
Vernacular.— Ko men (°àÕ‡¡àπ) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
22. Castanopsis nephelioides King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 624. 1888; Gamble, J. Asiat.<br />
Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 464. 1915; A.Camus, Chât: 467, t. 69. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 192. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Soepadmo<br />
in Fl. Males. 7(2): 298. 1972.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; SOUTHEASTERN:<br />
Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang,<br />
Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest and oak-pine forest, alt.<br />
50–1600 m (usually 200–800 m). Flowering Jan.–May, fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually July–<br />
Sept.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn & Peninsular), ko khao (°àÕ¢“«), ma ko khao<br />
(¡–°àբ⓫) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
23. Castanopsis pierrei Hance, J. Bot. 13: 369. 1875; Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot.<br />
France 68: 490. 1922; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1031. 1930; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 182. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944;<br />
Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 498. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi, Trat;<br />
PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Trang.<br />
Distribution.— Cambodia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, pine-oak-dipterocarp forest, moist<br />
upper mixed deciduous forest, along stream banks; alt. 10–350 m. Flowering Jan.–Dec.,<br />
fruiting April–Dec. (ususally April–June).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khao niao (°àբ⓫‡À𒬫) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), ko mu<br />
(°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko khao niao (°àբ⓫‡À𒬫), ma ko (¡–°àÕ)(Sou<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
24. Castanopsis piriformis Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 395. 1922;<br />
H.Lecomte, Les Bois de l’ Indochine: t. 2.4. 1926; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-<br />
Chine. 5: 1032. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 188. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot.<br />
Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 500. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani;<br />
SOUTHEASTERN: Prachinburi, Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Songkhla.<br />
Distribution.— Indochina, Laos (type).
76<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest, dry evergreen forest, on sandstone<br />
bedrock; alt. 250–950 m. Flowering Sept.–Dec., fruiting May–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko bai lueam (°àÕ„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>astern), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), ko mak<br />
(°àÕÀ¡“°), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π) (Eastern); ko kin luk (°àÕ°‘π≈Ÿ°) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
25. Castanopsis pseudo-hystrix Phengklai, Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.) 32: 115. 2004. Fig. 11.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Smitinand 90–198, holotype BKF!), Lampang;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHEASTERN: Rayong.<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, pine-oak forest and dry evergreen forest, alt.<br />
800–1370 m. (usually 1000–1200 m). Flowering March–Dec. (usually March–April), fruiting<br />
Dec.–Jan.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko bai lueam (°àÕ„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡),<br />
ko dueai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬)<br />
(Sou<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Inner bark locally used to prevent dental caries.<br />
26. Castanopsis purpurea Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 105. 1938; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 177. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak; NORTHEASTERN:<br />
Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga, Trang<br />
(Kerr 19011, type), Songkhla.<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest, dry evergreen forest,<br />
mixed deciduous forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by stream, alt. 50–1300 m (usually 100–800 m). Flowering<br />
Feb.–Nov. (usually March–Aug.), fruiting July–Oct.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ti (°àÕµ’), ko sai (°àÕ∑√“¬), ko ap (°àÕ·Õ∫) , ko yum (°àÕÀ¬ÿ¡), ko nam<br />
(°àÕÀπ“¡), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ); ko lim (°àÕ≈‘ Ë¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko khao (°àÕ‡¢“) (Eastern); ko dan<br />
(°àÕ¥“π), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡), be-ra-ngae-ba-be (‡∫√“·ßâ∫“∫’) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
27. Castanopsis rhamnifolia (Miq.) A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 113. 1864; King<br />
ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 624. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 105. 100 B.<br />
1889; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 469; Atlas: t. 69. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 456.<br />
1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 299. 1972.— Quercus rhamnifolia Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind.<br />
1(1): 853. 1856.— Callaeocarpus rhamnifolia (Miq.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 353.<br />
1861.— Castanea rhamnifolia (Miq.) Oerst., Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana, Math.-<br />
Naturvidensk. Kl. 5(9): 378. 1873.— C. rhamnifolia (Miq.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu,<br />
App. A: cxxvii. 1875; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 481. 1877.— Castanopsis pachycarpa A.Camus,<br />
Bull. Mus. Hist. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 6: 92. 1934. Fig. 12.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 77<br />
Figure 11. Castanopsis pseudo-hystrix Phengklai: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand 90-198),<br />
A-1 leaf; B. terminal bud, B-1 inner and outer part <strong>of</strong> bract; C. male flower cluster, C-1 male<br />
flower; D. ovary (Eiadthong BKF 97215); E. young acorn, E-1 mature acorn, E-2 spines;<br />
F. nut.
78<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket;<br />
SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Phangnga, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak-dipterocarp forest, alt. 100–800<br />
m. Flowering March–Oct., fruiting Jan.–July.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ) (Southwestern).<br />
28. Castanopsis rockii A.Camus, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 8: 88. 1929; Barnett, Trans.<br />
& Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 188. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 499. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Uttaradit.<br />
Distribution.— China, Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, alt.<br />
650–2000 m (usually 1600–2000 m). Flowering Nov.–Dec., fruiting Feb.–March.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko rok (°àÕ√Õ§) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
29. Castanopsis schefferiana Hance, J. Bot. 16: 200. 1878; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.<br />
(Calcutta) 2: 105, t. 99. 1899; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 456. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 461. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 310. 1972.— Castanopsis andersonii<br />
Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 179. 1914; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat.<br />
Hist. 75: 458. 1915; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 342; Atlas: t. 49. 1929. Fig. 13.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani; PENINSULAR: Krabi, Songkhla, Yala,<br />
Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Singapore (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, scrub vegetation, mixed deciduous forest,<br />
alt. 100–400 m. Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Nov.–Dec.), fruiting July–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khiao mu (°àÕ‡¢’ Ȭ«À¡Ÿ), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ) (Peninsular), mak ko nam<br />
(¡—°°àÕÀπ“¡) (Eastern).<br />
30. Castanopsis siamensis Duanmu, Sci. Silvae Sin. 8: 189. 1963<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Rai. (Rock 1580, type).<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous and oak-pine forest, alt. 400–1000 m.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mae lao (°àÕ·¡à≈“«), ko sa yam (°àÕ ¬“¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
31. Castanopsis thaiensis Phengklai, Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.) 32: 117. 2004. Fig. 14.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 79<br />
Figure 12. Castanopsis rhamnifolia (Miq.) A. DC.: A. twig, leaves and male inflorescence (Murata et al.<br />
T-49632), A-1 male flower; B. infructescence (Phengklai et al. 13476), B-1 longitudinal<br />
section <strong>of</strong> female flower, B-2 acorn, B-3 spines, B-4 nut.
80<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 13. Castanopsis schefferiana Hance: A. twig, leaves and inflorescence (Maxwell 85-989), A-1 male<br />
flower clusters, A-2 bract, A-3 male flower; B. part <strong>of</strong> infructescence (Maxwell 84-172), B-1<br />
longitudinal section <strong>of</strong> young acorn, B-2 spines, B-3 nut.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 81<br />
Figure 14. Castanopsis thaiensis Phengklai: A. twig, leaves and infructescences, B. female inflorescences,<br />
(Larsen et al. 44319), B-1 female flower, B-2 bud; C-1 & C-2 acorns.
82<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan (Larsen 44319, holotype AAU!, isotype<br />
BKF!).<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Ecology.— Evergreen forest, alt. 800–1000 m. Flowering Nov., fruiting Oct.–Nov.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khao kang (°àÕ‡¢“°«“ß), ko thai (°àÕ‰∑¬) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
32. Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle,<br />
Prodr. 16(2): 111. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 622. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees: 634.<br />
1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1017. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag.<br />
Asia: 172. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk<br />
Bot. Ark. 23: 498. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl.<br />
China 4: 329. 1999.— Quercus tribuloides Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 29: 13. 1819.— Castanea<br />
tribuloides (Sm.) Lindl. in N.Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2.6: 102. 1831; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2:<br />
480. 1877.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Nakhon Rachasima; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachin Buri, Trat.<br />
Distribution.— India, Nepal (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, deciduous forest on sandstone<br />
to granite bedrocks, alt. 600–1700 m (usually 1000–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually<br />
May–June), fruiting March–Nov. (usually June–Sept.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khao (°àբ⓫), ko dueai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬), ko laem (°àÕ·À≈¡), ko bai lueam<br />
(°àÕ„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡),<br />
ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡), ko duk (°àÕ¥Ÿ°) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko nuat maew (°àÕÀπ«¥·¡«), ko laem<br />
(°àÕ·À≈¡), ko haeng (°àÕ·Àâß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible, a pioneer species suitable for forest rehabilitation.<br />
33. Castanopsis wallichii King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 624. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot.<br />
Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 106, t. 101A. 1889; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 464.<br />
1915; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 391. 1924; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 463. 1940; Corner,<br />
Wayside Trees: 293. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 300. 1972. Fig. 15.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si<br />
Thamarat, Trang, Songkhla.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt. 10–100 m. Flowering<br />
Jan.–Nov. (usually July–Sept.), fruiting Jan.–Aug. (usually Jan.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ban (°àÕ∫â“π), ko kin luk (°àÕ°‘π≈Ÿ°), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko lung khao<br />
(°àÕÀ≈—ߢ“«), ko yi (°àÕ¬’) (Peninsular).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 83<br />
Figure 15. Castanopsis wallichii King ex Hook.f.: A. twig; B. male inflorescence (Phusomsaeng 454),<br />
B-1 male flower; C. part <strong>of</strong> female inflorescence (Thavon s.n.); D. part <strong>of</strong> infructescence<br />
(Soejarto et al. 5978), D-1 spines, D-2 nut.
84<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
2. LITHOCARPUS*<br />
Blume, Bijdr.: 526. 1826; Blume, Fl. Javae 13–14: 34. 1829; Oudem, Nat. Verh. Kon. Akad. 2:<br />
19. 1856; Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson 3: 205. 1917; Barnett, Trans. &<br />
Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 332. 1942; A. Camus, Chänes, Texte 3: 511. 1954; Soepadmo,<br />
Reinwardtia 8: 197. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 318. 1972.— Synaedrys Lindl., Intr.<br />
Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 441. 1836; Hance in Hook., J. Bot. 1: 175. 1849; Koidz., Bot. Mag.<br />
(Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916.— Arcaula Raf., Alsogr. Amer.: 30. 1838.— Balanaulax Raf., Alsogr.<br />
Amer.: 28. 1838.— Cyclobalanus (Endl.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren.<br />
Kjøbenhavn 1866: 80. 1866.— Pasania (Miq.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist.<br />
Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866; Prantl in H.G.A.Engl. & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflazenfam.<br />
3(1): 55. 1888; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 411. 1915; Hickel &<br />
A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 386. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus, in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-<br />
Chine 5: 962. 1930; Schwarz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem (Append.) 13: 6. 1936.<br />
Evergreen trees, rarely shrubs. Branchlets initially densely yellowish brownpubesscent<br />
to tomentose. Terminal buds ovoid to ellipsoid, bracts spirally imbricate. Stipules<br />
extrapetiolar, mostly caducous. Leaves spiral, rarely serrate, glabrous. Petiole evenly thick,<br />
not geniculate. Inflorescences male and female separate or <strong>the</strong> female flowers below and <strong>the</strong><br />
male flowers on <strong>the</strong> upper part <strong>of</strong> some erect spikes, occasionally mixed, including bracts<br />
and bracteoles variously densely hairy. Male simple or much-branched in <strong>the</strong> axil and<br />
subterminal. Flowers solitary or in clusters <strong>of</strong> three or more, with one or more small bracts;<br />
perianth campanulate or cup-shaped, usually 6-lobed, united for at least half <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir length.<br />
Stamens 12, occasionally fewer or more, glabrous, an<strong>the</strong>rs dorsifixed. Rudimentary ovary<br />
subglobose, villous. Female, androgynous or mixed solitary in <strong>the</strong> axil or on <strong>the</strong> lower part<br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> paniculate cluster. Flowers solitary or in cluster <strong>of</strong> three, bracts and bracteoles as in<br />
male; perianth as in male but smaller. Staminodes 10–12; styles 3(–4), cylindrical erect or<br />
spreading, free or connate at base, densely tomentose at base, stigma punctiform terminal.<br />
Ovary cells as many as styles. Cupules free or in dichasial clusters <strong>of</strong> 3–7 along <strong>the</strong> rachis,<br />
cup or saucer-shaped to almost globular, variously lamellate squamose, tuberculate or<br />
muricate, indehiscent (except L. blumeanus, L. encleisacarpus, L. macphailii, L. maingayi,<br />
and L. pattaniensis which are occasionally dehiscent). Fruits ovoid, globose or turbinate,<br />
partly or completely enclosed by a cupule from which it is free; scar present.<br />
A genus <strong>of</strong> about 300 species widely distributed throughout <strong>the</strong> subtropics and<br />
tropics <strong>of</strong> South-East Asia almost to Australia. A single species is found in <strong>the</strong> South-<br />
Western United States <strong>of</strong> America. Of <strong>the</strong> 300 species, 56 species, 1 subspecies and 1<br />
variety are indigenous to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
* with Th. Wongprasert, Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department,<br />
Bangkok 10900, <strong>Thailand</strong>.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 85<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
KEY TO THE SPECIES<br />
(based on vegetative characters and acorns)<br />
1. Outer surface <strong>of</strong> cupules with annular or lamellate markings or markings lacking<br />
2. Cupules without lamellae, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, enclosing nearly all <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut, more or<br />
less dehiscent when mature<br />
3. Cupules urn- or top-shaped (turbinate), weakly dehiscent from <strong>the</strong> apex, cupule surface distinctly<br />
undulate with vertical and horizontal filiform lines<br />
4. Cupule urn-shaped, enclosing nut completely and extending beyond it at <strong>the</strong> apex<br />
5. Cupule base broadly conical, much broader than apex, skin distinct with many vertical<br />
filiform lines or without. Nut conical 5. L. blumeanus<br />
5. Cupule base obconic, much narrow than apex, surface distinct with 3-4 horizontal<br />
filiform lines. Nut obconical 33. L. maingayi<br />
4. Cupule top-shaped, enclosing 4/5 <strong>of</strong> nut, surface with 2–6 distinct horizontal, filiform<br />
lines 30. L. macphailii<br />
3. Cupules top-shaped, readily dehiscent into irregular parts from <strong>the</strong> top, surface with 2–5<br />
filiform, undulate, horizontal lines<br />
6. Cupules with 2 or 3 such lines 18. L. encleisacarpus<br />
6. Cupules with 4 or 5 such lines 36. L. pattaniensis<br />
2. Cupules with distinct lamellae, coriaceous, enclosing a variable amount <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut, indehiscent<br />
7. Cupule enclosing not less than 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
8. Cupule enclosing about 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
9. Nuts ovoid to conical at apex, scar shallowly concave or flattened 24. L. gracilis<br />
9. Nuts subhemispheric or depressed at apex, scar deeply concave 8. L. clementianus<br />
8. Cupule enclosing not less than 3/4 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
10. Cupules obconic, enclosing nut almost completely except around <strong>the</strong> umbonate apex<br />
11. Nut longer than broad, ca. 1 by 0.7 cm 26. L. hendersonianus<br />
11. Nut shorter than broad, 1–2.7 by 2–3 cm 32. L. magnificus<br />
10. Cupules saucer-shaped, enclosing ca. 3/4 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut 1. L. aggregatus<br />
7. Cupule enclosing not more than 1/4 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
12. Nuts hemispheric or depressed on both sides<br />
13. Cupule enclosing 1/5 to 1/4 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut 38. L. platycarpus<br />
13. Cupule enclosed only <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
14. Acorns sessile. Scar deeply concave 15. L. eichleri<br />
14. Acorns with stalk up to 0.5 cm long. Scar slightly concave 6. L. cantleyanus<br />
12. Nuts conical to broadly ovoid, or with a dome-shaped apex<br />
15. Cupule enclosing only <strong>the</strong> base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
16. Acorns sessile. Leaves oblanceolate 29. L. lucidus<br />
16. Acorns with fruit-stalk up to 0.5 cm long. Leaves oblong 42. L. reinwardtii<br />
15. Cupule enclosing ca. 1/4 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
17. Nut with one horizontal ring around equator. Leaves ensiform to linearlanceolate<br />
28. L. loratefolius<br />
17. Nut without horizontal ring. Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong or narrowly elliptical<br />
18. Nut ovoid or conical. Cupules cup or saucer-shaped. Leaves ovate or<br />
ovate-oblong, apex caudate 3. L. bancanus<br />
18. Nut broadly ovoid. Cupules slightly obconical to saucer-shaped. Leaves<br />
narrowly elliptical 40. L. rassa<br />
1. Outer surface <strong>of</strong> cupules with alternate lamellae (resembling fish scales) or pseudospines<br />
19. Mature cupules <strong>of</strong> one infructescence more or less fused toge<strong>the</strong>r<br />
20. Acorns broader than long, depressed both on top and at base. Cupules saucer- or cupshaped<br />
or obconic, some hardly distinct from each o<strong>the</strong>r through fusion<br />
21. Infructescences with densely arranged cupules<br />
22. Cupules barely distinct, resembling a large gall 13. L. echinophorus
86<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
22. Cupules distinct, saucer-shaped<br />
23. Nut flattened or apiculate at apex, to 2.2 cm diam. Leaves cuneate at base<br />
16. L. elegans<br />
23. Nut retuse at apex, not less than 3 cm diam. Leaves auriculate at base<br />
2. L. auriculatus<br />
21. Infructescences with spaces between cupules<br />
24. Rachis <strong>of</strong> infructescence always with sub-branches. Acorns stalked<br />
34. L. mekongensis<br />
24. Rachis <strong>of</strong> infructescence without sub-branches<br />
25. Acorns sessile 24. L. finetii<br />
25. Acorns stalked 57. L. tenuinervis*<br />
20. Acorns longer than broad, conical, ovoid or turbinate. Cupules cup-shaped or cylindric<br />
26. Rachis <strong>of</strong> infructescence always with sub-branches. Acorns stalked, nuts shining<br />
27. Acorn up to 1 cm high. Rachis up to 4 mm in diam. 7. L. ceriferus<br />
27. Acorn not less than 1 cm high (to 2.5 cm). Rachis not less than 4 mm in diam.<br />
39. L. polystachyus<br />
26. Rachis <strong>of</strong> infructescence without sub-branches. Acorns sessile, nuts more or less shining<br />
28. Twigs glabrous or sparsely pubescent <strong>the</strong>n glabrous<br />
29. Cupules cup-shaped, enclosing up to 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut 12. L. dealbatus<br />
29. Cupules turbinate, enclosing <strong>the</strong> whole nut, open only around umbo<br />
51. L. truncatus<br />
28. Twigs ferruginous or tomentose<br />
30. Leaves glabrous except along midrib. Cupules enclosing up to 1/3 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
25. L. harmandianus<br />
30. Leaves densely tomentose especially on lower surface. Cupules enclosing 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
nut 27. L. lindleyanus<br />
19. Mature cupules <strong>of</strong> one infructescence, free, not fused<br />
31. Acorn longer than broad, conical, ovoid or obconical. Cupules cup- or saucer-shaped or obconic<br />
32. Cupules enclosing nut completely or 2/3 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
33. Cupules enclosing ca. 2/3 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
34. Cupules slightly obconical-shaped, nuts hairy at style apex (if persistent)<br />
44. L. rufescens<br />
34. Cupules cup or saucer-shaped 16. L. elegans<br />
33. Cupules enclosing nut completely, or up to <strong>the</strong> apex <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
35. Cupules dehiscent, obconic or ovoid<br />
36. Cupules obovoid, sessile, surface with dense, long and narrow recurved<br />
pseudospines 41. L. recurvatus<br />
36. Cupules ovoid, fruit stalk 2–3 mm long, surface finely ornamented with<br />
thin, triangular lamellae throughout 35. L. neo-robinsonii<br />
35. Cupules indehiscent, ovoid, surface clo<strong>the</strong>d with dense, triangular lamellae<br />
37. Infructescences up to 18 cm long. Leaves up to 16 cm long<br />
9. L. craibianus<br />
37. Infructescences not less than 20 cm long. Leaves not less than 20 cm<br />
long 19. L. erythrocarpus<br />
32. Cupules enclosing up to 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
38. Acorns stalked<br />
39. Cupules slightly obconic. Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong or obovate<br />
47. L. sootepensis<br />
39. Cupules cup-shaped or saucer-shaped<br />
40. Cupules cup-shaped. Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate oblong<br />
46. L. siamensis<br />
40. Cupules saucer-shaped to flattened. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate<br />
10. L. curtissii<br />
38. Acorns sessile<br />
41. Acorns (mature) not less than 3.5 by 2.2 cm<br />
*currently known from Laos but expected to occur in <strong>Thailand</strong>
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 87<br />
42. Cupule lamellae bearing pseudo-spined reflexed towards <strong>the</strong> base. Leaves<br />
acute to obtuse at apex 45. L. scortechinii<br />
42. Lamellae curved towards <strong>the</strong> cupule apex. Leaves acuminate at apex<br />
20. L. eucalyptifolius<br />
41. Acorns (mature) up to 3 by 2.2 cm<br />
43. Infructescence with acorns in clusters, but not fused<br />
44. Nuts ovoid. Leaves usually curved to one side 54. L. wallichianus<br />
44. Nuts strongly apically depressed, occasionally conic. Leaves not curved<br />
49. L. thomsonii<br />
43. Infructescence with acorns solitary, with spaces between <strong>the</strong>m<br />
45. Cupules saucer or cup-shaped, limb recurved. Leaves not less than 12 cm long<br />
21. L. falconeri<br />
45. Cupules obconical, limb not recurved. Leaves up to 11 cm long<br />
4. L. bennettii<br />
31. Acorns broader than long, hemisphaeric-depressed<br />
46. Cupules enclosing <strong>the</strong> nut completely or up to <strong>the</strong> apex <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
47. Cupules more or less up to <strong>the</strong> apex <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut, lamellae with erect or reflexed pseudospines<br />
which are not fused<br />
48. Pseudo-spines erect or spreading. Leaves oblanceolate. Scar nearly 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
14. L. echinops<br />
48. Pseudo-spines reflexed. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate<br />
49. Infructescence with acorns packed close toge<strong>the</strong>r, but not fused. Leaves slightly<br />
cuneate at base 23. L. garrettianus<br />
49. Infructescence with acorns solitary, with spaces between <strong>the</strong>m. Leaves obtuse<br />
at base 52. L. tubulosus<br />
47. Cupules enclosing <strong>the</strong> nut completely, except <strong>the</strong> umbo<br />
50. Lamellae pointed, with narrowly pseudospines. Infructescence with acorns packed<br />
close toge<strong>the</strong>r, but not fused 55. L. wrayi<br />
50. Lamellae flattened and imbricate. Infructescence with acorns solitary, with spaces<br />
between <strong>the</strong>m<br />
51. Lamellae fused on lower half, <strong>the</strong> upper half free and adaxially curved<br />
22. L. fenestratus<br />
51. Lamentas fused almost to apex, only a short free lobe adaxially curved<br />
50. L. trachycarpus<br />
46. Cupules enclosing up to 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
52. Acorns stalked, cupules enclosing only base <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
53. Stalk up to 1 cm long. Leaves glaucous on lower surface, petiole up to 1 cm long<br />
48. L. sundaicus<br />
53. Stalk not less than 1 cm long. Leaves pale on lower surface, not glaucous, petiole<br />
not less than 1 cm long 31. L. magneinii<br />
52. Acorns sessile, cupules enclosing up to 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut<br />
54. Acorns not less than 2 by 2.5 cm<br />
55. Cupules slightly obconical. Leaves oblong, acute to caudate at apex, margin<br />
not revolute, petiole not less than 1 cm 11. L. cyclophorus<br />
55. Cupules saucer-shaped. Leaves obovate, obtuse at apex, margin revolute, petiole<br />
up to 0.6 cm long 43. L. revolutus<br />
54. Acorns up to 1.5 by 2 cm<br />
56. Nuts convex at <strong>the</strong> apex<br />
57. Cupules saucer-shaped to flattened and discoid. Leaves not whorled<br />
58. Lamellae usually fused throughout. Leaves up to 15 cm long<br />
37. L. pierrei<br />
58. Lamellae fused at base only, apices free. Leaves not less than 18 cm<br />
long 17. L. elephantum<br />
57. Cupules cup-shaped. Leaves usually whorled at <strong>the</strong> twig tips<br />
56. L. xylocarpus<br />
56. Nuts flattened at <strong>the</strong> apex. Cupule cup-shaped, enclosing 1/5 to 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> nut.<br />
Leaves with unequal sides, usually curved to one side<br />
59. Leaves oblong, elliptic oblong, not less than 10 by 3.5 cm, with 14–20<br />
pairs <strong>of</strong> lateral nerves 53. L. vestitus
88<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
1 2 3<br />
4 5 6<br />
7 8 9<br />
10 11 12<br />
Figure 16. Various acorns in <strong>the</strong> genus Lithocarpus : 1) °àÕæ«ß Lithocarpus aggregatus; 2) °àÕπÈ” L. auriculatus;<br />
3) °àի߇Ւ¬¥ L. bancanus; 4) °àÕæ√ÿ L. bennettii; 5) °àÕ„∫¬“ß L. blumeanus; 6) °àÕÀ≈—∫‡π◊ÈÕ√‘<br />
È« L.<br />
cantleyanus; 7) ¡–°àÕ L. ceriferus; 8) °àÕÀ≈—∫‡π◊ÈÕ√‘<br />
È« L. clementianus; 9) °àÕ ÿ‡∑æ L. craibianus; 10)<br />
°àÕÀ≈—∫ L. curtisii; 11) °àÕÀ≈—∫„À≠à L. cyclophorus; 12) °àÕº— Í«– L. dealbatus.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 89<br />
13 14 15<br />
16 17 18<br />
19 20<br />
21<br />
22 23 24<br />
Figure 17. Various acorns in <strong>the</strong> genus Lithocarpus : 13) °àÕªíôπ<br />
Lithocarpus echinophorus; 14) °àÕµ“° L.<br />
echinops; 15) °àÕÀ≈—∫ L. eichleri; 16) °àÕ‡Àπàß L. elegans; 17) °àÕæ≈Õ¬µ√“¥ L. elephantum; 18) °àÕΩÑ“¬<br />
L. encleisacarpus; 19) °àÕ°“∫ L. erythrocarpus; 20) °àÕÀ¡ÿπ L. eucalyptifolius; 21) °àÕ‡π◊ÈÕ√‘<br />
È« L.<br />
falconeri; 22) °àÕæ«ß L. fenestratus; 23) °àÕ°â“ߥâ“ß L. garrettianus; 24) °àÕ„∫‡≈Á° L. gracilis.
90<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
25 26 27<br />
28 29 30<br />
31 32 33<br />
34 35 36<br />
Figure 18. Various acorns in <strong>the</strong> genus Lithocarpus : 25) °àÕ¢’ È°«“ß Lithocarpus harmandianus; 26) °àÕ≈”‡≈’¬ß<br />
L. hendersonianus; 27) °àÕ¥à“ß L. lindleyanus; 28) °àÕ«ß L. loratefolius; 29) ¡–°àÕ¥” L. lucidus;<br />
30) °àÕÀ‘π L. macphailii; 31) °àÕ„∫·À≈¡ L. magneinii; 32) °àÕ —° L. magnificus; 33) °àÕ·µ√ L.<br />
maingayi; 34) °àÕπâÕ¬ L. mekongensis; 35) °àÕ§√— Ëß L. neo-robinsonii; 36) °àÕªíµµ“π’ L. pattaniensis.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 91<br />
37 38 39<br />
40 41 42<br />
43 44 45<br />
46 47 48<br />
Figure 19. Various acorns in <strong>the</strong> genus Lithocarpus : 37) °àÕæ≈Õ¬®—π∑πå Lithocarpus pierrei; 38) °àÕ·´– L.<br />
platycarpus; 39) °àÕÀ¡“° L. polystachyus; 40) °àÕ„∫‡Õ’¬¥ L. rassa; 41) °àÕº— Í«–Àπ“¡ L. recurvatus;<br />
42) ¡–°àÕ·®ß L. reinwardtii; 43) °àÕ„∫‰∑√ L. revolutus 44) °àÕ “¡“¬ L. rufescens; 45) °àÕ‰¢à·≈π L.<br />
scortechinii; 46) °àÕ√ÿ° L. siamensis; 47) °àÕ‡≈◊Õ¥ L. sootepensis; 48) °àÕÀ≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ L. sundaicus.
92<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
59. Leaves obovate-oblong, up to 9 by 4 cm, with 7–8 pairs <strong>of</strong> lateral nerves<br />
41. L. recurvatus<br />
49 50 51<br />
52 53 54<br />
55 56<br />
Figure 20. Various acorns in <strong>the</strong> genus Lithocarpus: 49) °àբ⓫ Lithocarpus thomsonii; 50) °àÕ·¥ß L.<br />
trachycarpus; 51) °àÕ¥” L. truncatus; 52) °àÕ®ÿ° L. tubulosus; 53) °àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ L. vestitus; 54) °àÕÀ¡Ÿ L.<br />
wallichianus; 55) °àÕ‡°√’¬∫ L. wrayi; 56) °àÕ ∑‘µ L. xylocarpus.<br />
1. Lithocarpus aggregatus Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 104. 1938; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 149. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh. 33: 335. 1942; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944; A.Camus, Enc. Syl. 8: 729. 1953; Hjelmq.,<br />
Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 489. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 3364, type), Lampang, Tak; EASTERN:<br />
Ubon Ratchathani; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia.<br />
Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest,<br />
<strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt. 50–2500 m (usually 1200–1900 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec., fruiting<br />
Jan.–Dec. (usually June–July).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 93<br />
2. Lithocarpus auriculatus (Hickel & A.Camus) Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 331. 1940;<br />
Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34. 183. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes, Atlas 3:<br />
104. 1949.— Pasania auriculata Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 397.<br />
1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 984. 1930. Fig. 21.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Phrae,<br />
Phitsanulok.<br />
Distribution.— Laos (type), Vietnam, Myanma.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest, moist upper mixed<br />
deciduous forest, savannah, by streams on granite bedrock, alt. 350–1600 m (usually 1200–<br />
1300 m). Flowering Dec.–May, fruiting May–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mi (°àÕÀ¡’), ko nam (°àÕπÈ”), ko nun (°àÕÀπÿπ), (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko kwak<br />
(°àÕ°«“°)(Laos).<br />
3. Lithocarpus bancanus (Scheff.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 132. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 319. 1940; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 360. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in<br />
E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 38. 2000.— Quercus bancana Scheff.,<br />
Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indiã 31: 361. 1870; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 67.<br />
1889.— Q. rajah Hance, J. Bot. 16: 198. 1878.— Q. scyphigera Hance var. riedelii King,<br />
Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 39. 1889.— Synaedrys bancana (Scheff.) Koidz., Bot.<br />
Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 190. 1916.— S. rajah (Hance) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916.—<br />
Pasania bancana (Scheff.) Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 79. 1924. Fig 22.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; PENINSULAR: Songkhla, Yala.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Brunei.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, by streams, alt. 100–500 m. Flowering<br />
June–July, fruiting Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko wong iat (°àի߇Ւ¬¥) (Peninsular).<br />
4. Lithocarpus bennettii (Miq.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 123. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 352. 1940; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 356. 1972.— Quercus bennettii Miq., Fl.<br />
Ned. Ind. 1(1): 857. 1856; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 94. 1864; King ex Hook.f.,<br />
Fl. Brit. India 5: 613. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 64, t. 58A. 1889; Corner,<br />
Wayside Trees: 301. 1940.— Q. miqueliana Scheff., Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indiã 31: 360.<br />
1870.— Cyclobalanus bennettii (Miq.) Oerst, Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana, Math.-<br />
Naturvidensk. Kl. 5(9): 375. 1873.— Pasania bennettii (Miq.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal,<br />
Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 433. 1915.— Synaedrys bennettii (Miq.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30:<br />
190. 1916. Fig. 23.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Peat swamp forest, lowland tropical rain forest.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko phu (°àÕæ√ÿ) (Peninsular).
94<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 21. Lithocarpus auriculatus (Hickel & A.Camus) Barnett: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences<br />
(Smitinand 90-86), A-1 flower buds, A-2 female flower clusters, A-3 male flower clusters; B.<br />
stipules; C. infructescence (Pooma 346).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 95<br />
Figure 22. Lithocarpus bancanus (Scheff.) Rehder: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Maxwell 85-914),<br />
A-1 female flower, A-2 male flower; B. twig, leaf and infructescence (Niyomdham et al.<br />
6345), B-1 ano<strong>the</strong>r form <strong>of</strong> acorn (Maxwell 85-914).
96<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 23. Lithocarpus bennettii (Miq.) Rehder: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Niyomdham 930), A-<br />
1 male flower cluster, A-2 whole and partial male flower; B. female flowers; C. part <strong>of</strong><br />
infructescence (Niyomdham 930), C-1 acorn.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 97<br />
5. Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 132. 1929; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 152. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944; A.Camus,<br />
Châ nes, Texte 3: 774. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 339. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in<br />
E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 40. 2000.— Quercus blumeana Korth.<br />
(non Koord. & Valeton), Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 208, t. 44. 1844; A.DC. in A.P. de<br />
Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 103. 1864.— Cyclobalanus blumeana (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk.<br />
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866.— Pasania blumeana Gamble,<br />
J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 445. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 385. 1924.—<br />
Synaedrys blumeana (Korth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916.— Castanopsis<br />
blumeana (Korth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 122. 1919.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (Borneo, type), Brunei.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest alt. 50–400 m. Flowering and fruiting<br />
not recorded.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko bai yang (°àÕ„∫¬“ß) (Peninsular).<br />
6. Lithocarpus cantleyanus (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 122. 1919; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 141. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944;<br />
Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 488. 1968; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 352. 1972; Soepadmo,<br />
Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3:: 44.2000.— Quercus<br />
can<strong>the</strong>yana King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 613. 1888.— Pasania cantleyana (King ex<br />
Hook.f.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 434. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins.<br />
3: 381. 1924.— Synaedrys cantleyana (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 190.<br />
1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima;<br />
PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thamarat, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma, Malaysia, Singapore (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, by streams, on granite bedrock.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lap nua rew (°àÕÀ≈—∫‡π◊ÈÕ√‘<br />
È«) (Peninsular).<br />
7. Lithocarpus ceriferus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci., 18: 40. 1931; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 322. 1940.— Pasania cerifera Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.,<br />
X, 3: 390. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 974. 1930. Fig. 24.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Uttaradit;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN:<br />
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi;<br />
SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong<br />
Distribution.— Cambodia (type), Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest,<br />
evergreen forest, on sandstone bedrock.
98<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 24. Lithocarpus ceriferus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus: A. male inflorescence (Smitinand s.n.),<br />
A-1 male flower cluster; B. twig, leaves and female inflorescences (Koyama T-39685), B-1<br />
female flower clusters; C. infructescence (Larsen 31506), C-1 acorn cluster, C-2 nut.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 99<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mon (°àÕÀ¡àπ), ma ko (¡–°àÕ), ko ki mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), (Eastern); ko<br />
hum (°àÕÀÿâ¡)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
8. Lithocarpus clementianus (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 153. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944;<br />
A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 707, t. 391. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 365. 1972; Soepadmo,<br />
Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 45. 2000.— Quercus<br />
clementiana King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 614. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 301, f. 96.<br />
1940.— Pasania clementiana (King ex Hook.f.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat.<br />
Hist. 75: 439. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 383. 1924.— Quercus teysmanii (non Blume)<br />
Heine in Fedde, Rep. 54: 225. 1951.— Synaedrys clementiana (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz., Bot.<br />
Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 191. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si<br />
Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (Penang, type), Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, alt. 100–200 m. Flowering Jan.–Oct., fruiting<br />
Feb.–Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lap nuea rio (°àÕÀ≈—∫‡π◊ÈÕ√‘<br />
È«), ko muak (°àÕÀ¡«°) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
9. Lithocarpus craibianus Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 103. 1938. Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 133. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Hjelmq.,<br />
Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 480. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven,<br />
Fl. China 4: 343. 1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 140, type), Chiang Rai, Lamphun;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN:<br />
Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong.<br />
Distribution.— China, Laos.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane to dry evergreen forest, savannah forest, alt. 150–1650<br />
m (usually 1000–1600 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually<br />
Jan.–May).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko su<strong>the</strong>p (°àÕ ÿ‡∑æ), ko mon (°àÕÀ¡àπ), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
Uses.— Nuts eaten by wild animals.<br />
10. Lithocarpus curtisii (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 95. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1942; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 233. 1970;<br />
Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 380. 1972.— Quercus curtisii King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5:<br />
612. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 56, t. 52. 1889.— Pasania curtisii (King<br />
ex Hook.f.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 429.1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay
100<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Penins. 3: 380. 1924.— Synaedrys curtisii (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30:<br />
194. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Songkhla.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, on granite bedrock,<br />
alt. up to 200 m. Flowering and Fruiting July–Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lap (°àÕÀ≈—∫) (Peninsular).<br />
11. Lithocarpus cyclophorus (Endl.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; A.Camus Chênes,<br />
Texte 3: 714. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 137. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc.<br />
Edinburgh 33: 334. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Soepadmo,<br />
Reinwardtia 8: 233. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 345. 1972.— Quercus cyclophora<br />
Endl., Gân. Pl., Suppl. 4(2): 28. 1848; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 102. 1864;<br />
Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 615, t. 64. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 302, f. 97. 1940.— Pasania<br />
cyclophora (Endl.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 442. 1915; Ridl., Fl.<br />
Malay Penins. 3: 384. 1924.— Synaedrys cyclophora (Endl.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30:<br />
191. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Pattani.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical rain forest, alt. up to 100 m. Flowering Aug., fruiting<br />
Jan.-Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lap yai (°àÕÀ≈—∫„À≠à) (Peninsular).<br />
12. Lithocarpus dealbatus (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 124.<br />
1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 129. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh<br />
33: 334. 1941; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang<br />
& B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 346. 1999.— Quercus dealbata Hook.f.<br />
& Thomson ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 107. 1863; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 609. 1888; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 85. 1864; Brandis, Indian Trees:<br />
632. 1921.— Q. fenestrata Roxb. var. dealbata (Hook.f. & Thomson) Wenz., Jahrb. Königl.<br />
Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 224. 1886.— Pasania dealbata (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Oerst.,<br />
Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866; Schottky, Bot. Jahrb.<br />
Syst. 47: 660. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus, in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 990. 1930.— Synaedrys<br />
dealbata (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Koidz., Bot Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 1888. 1916.— Quercus<br />
dealbata Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq. var. manii King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 46.<br />
1889.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun,<br />
Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi.<br />
Distribution.— India (type), China, Laos, Vietnam.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 101<br />
Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, oak-pine forest,<br />
lower montane forest, alt. 700–1600 m. (usually 700–1200 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually<br />
Sept.–Dec.), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually April–Nov.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko phua (°àÕº— Í«–) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
13. Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 282. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu &<br />
P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 357. 1999.— Pasania echinophora Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus.<br />
Natl. Hist. Nat. 34: 364. 1928; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 995. 1930.<br />
Fig. 25.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-savannah forest, on sandstone bedrock, alt.<br />
1200–1950 m. Flowering Jan., fruiting Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko pan (°àÕªíôπ)<br />
(North & Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
14. Lithocarpus echinops Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 491. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Hansen & Smitinand 10891, type); Tak.<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, alt. 1400–1850 m. Fruiting Jan.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko tak (°àÕµ“°), ko nam thu (°àÕÀπ“¡∑Ÿà)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
15. Lithocarpus eichleri (Wenz.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; A.Camus, Chênes,<br />
Texte 3: 718, t. 395. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 151. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot.<br />
Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1941; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944;<br />
Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 341. 1972.— Quercus eichleri Wenz., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart.<br />
Berlin 4: 236. 1886; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 615. 1888.— Pasania eichleri (Wenz.)<br />
Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 438. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 383.<br />
1924.— Synaedrys eichleri (Wenz.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 191. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Surat Thani.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 500 m. Flowering Aug., fruiting<br />
Sept.–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lap (°àÕÀ≈—∫) (Peninsular).<br />
16. Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 236. 1970; Soepadmo,<br />
Fl. Males. 7(2): 366. 1972.— Quercus elegans Blume, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 9:<br />
208. 1823; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 7. 1965.— Quercus spicata Sm. in A.Rees. Cycl. 29:<br />
12. 1819 (Quercus n. 12, non Humb. & Bonpl. 1809). D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal: 56. 1825; A.DC.
102<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 25. Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus: A. twig, leaves, buds and female<br />
inflorescence (Abbe et al. 9520); B. detached leaf and infructescence (Yahara T-79872).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 103<br />
in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 85. 1864; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 486. 1877; King ex Hook.f.,<br />
Fl. Brit. India 5: 609. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911. 473.— Q. grandifolia D.Don<br />
in A.B.Lambert, Descr. Pinus, 2: 27, t. 8. 1824; D.Don in Spreng., Syst., 3: 856. 1826.—<br />
Pasania spicata (Smith) Oerst, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn<br />
1866: 83. 1866; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 376. 1924; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl.<br />
Indo-Chine 5: 983. 1930.— Lithocarpus spicata (Sm.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent,<br />
Pl. Wilson 3: 207. 1916; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 108. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot.<br />
Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 481. 1968.— Synaedrys spicata<br />
(Blume) Koidz. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 198. 1916.— Lithocarpus finetii (Hickel & A.Camus)<br />
A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 335. 1940; Hjelmq., Dansk<br />
Bot. Ark. 23: 483. 1968.— Pasania finetii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 396.<br />
1921.— Lithocarpus grandifolia (D.Don) Biswas, Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 10: 258. 1969;<br />
C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 364. 1999.— L.<br />
intermedius Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938. 101; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 114.<br />
1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944.— L. collettii (King ex<br />
Hook.f.) A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas 3: 117. 1949; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in<br />
C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 364. 1999.— Quercus spicatus Smith var. collettii King ex<br />
Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 610. 1888.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon<br />
Rachasima, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Rachathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Lop<br />
Buri; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Trang, Satun, Songkhla,<br />
Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— India, Bhutan, Myanma, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Malaysia,<br />
Singapore, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland and lower montane forests, dry evergreen forest, deciduous<br />
dipterocarp-oak forest, oak-pine forest on granite, limestone and sandstone bedrock, alt.<br />
20–1550 m (usually 600–900 m) Flowering March–Nov., fruiting March–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π), ko neng (°àÕ‡Àπàß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko soi (°àÕ √âÕ¬), ko khi mu<br />
(°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), mak ko mo (¡—°°àÕÀ¡Õ) (Eastern); ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ta<br />
lap tao pun (µ≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ), ko na ring (°àÕπ–√‘ß), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible, a pioneer species suitable for forest rehabilitation.<br />
17. Lithocarpus elephantum (Hance) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 293. 1940.— Quercus elephantum Hance, J. Bot. 13: 365. 1875.— Pasania<br />
elephantum (Hance) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 292. 1921; Hickel &<br />
A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 978. 1930. Fig. 26.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Trat.<br />
Distribution.— Cambodia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest; alt. sea-level to 50 m. Flowering Sept.; fruiting<br />
no record.
104<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 26. Lithocarpus elephantum (Hance) A.Camus: A. twig, leaf base, detached leaf and inflorescences<br />
(Larsen et al. 32357), A-1 male flower; B. infructescence (McDonald et al. 5673), B-1 and B-<br />
2 acorns.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 105<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ploi trat (°àÕæ≈Õ¬µ√“¥) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
18. Lithocarpus encleisacarpus (Korth.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 144. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944; Soepadmo,<br />
Fl. Males. 7(2): 338. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah<br />
& Sarawak 3: 56. 2000.— Lithocarpus encleisacarpus var. aperta (King ex Hook.f.) Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 145. 1940.— Quercus encleisacarpa Korth, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned.<br />
Bezitt., Bot.: 209, t. 45. 1844; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 617. 1888; Corner, Wayside<br />
Trees: 302, f. 95, 98. 1940.— Cyclobalanus encleisacarpa (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel.<br />
Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866.— Pasania encleisacarpa (Korth.)<br />
Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 449. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 386.<br />
1924.— Synaedrys encleisacarpa (Korth.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916.—<br />
Castanopsis encleisacarpa (Korth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 122. 1919.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani;<br />
SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si<br />
Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen to lower montane forests, pine-deciduous<br />
dipterocarp forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt. 50–1200 m (usually 300–800 m). Flowering April–<br />
Nov., fruiting April–Jan.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko fai (°àÕΩÑ“¬), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π)(Eastern); ko chaeng (°àÕ·®ß) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern);<br />
ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π), ko pan (°àÕªíπ) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
19. Lithocarpus erythrocarpus (Ridl.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 330. 1940; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 962. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 369.<br />
1972.— Pasania erythrocarpa Ridl., J. Bot. 62: 301. 1924. Fig. 27.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani,<br />
Phangnga, Yala.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, by streams, on sandstone bedrock,<br />
alt. 0–200 m. Flowering April–Dec. (usually Aug.–Dec.), fruiting March–Dec. (usually<br />
March–April).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko kap (°àÕ°“∫), ko bai hu (°àÕ„∫ÀŸ) (Peninsular).<br />
20. Lithocarpus eucalyptifolius (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 307. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 173.<br />
1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 478. 1968.— Pasania eucalyptifolia Hickel & A.Camus,<br />
Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 34: 363. 1928; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5:<br />
987. 1930.— Lithocarpus rodgerianus A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., II 3: 690. 1931;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 286. 1940; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 477. 1968.
106<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 27. Lithocarpus erythrocarpus (Ridl.) A.Camus: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand<br />
1168), A-1 bracts from young twig, A-2 part <strong>of</strong> young inflorescence, A-3 male flower; B.<br />
infructescence (Santisuk s.n.), B-1 young acorn, B-2 mature acorn longitudinal section, showing<br />
nut.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 107<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— EASTERN: Nakhon Rachasima; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok;<br />
SOUTHEASTERN: Rayong, Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma, Vietnam (type),Combodia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland and lower montane evergreen forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt.<br />
700–1200 m (usually 700–800 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Oct.–Dec.), fruiting April–<br />
Oct.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mun (°àÕÀ¡ÿπ) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
21. Lithocarpus falconeri (Kurz) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 133. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 117. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1942; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 480. 1968;<br />
Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 241. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 371. 1972.— Quercus<br />
falconeri Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44(2): 197. 1875; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm<br />
2: 485. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 608. 1888.— Pasania falconeri (Kurz) Schottky,<br />
Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 47: 675. 1912; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 378. 1924.— Synaedrys falconeri<br />
(Kurz) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 195. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; PENINSULAR:<br />
Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Satun, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma (type), Malaysia.<br />
Ecology.— Scrub and secondary forests, lowland evergreen forest, on limestone<br />
bedrock, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt. 10–300 m. Flowering Jan.–Dec., fruiting Jan.–Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko nuea rio (°àÕ‡π◊ÈÕ√‘<br />
È«), ko pan (°àÕªíπ), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ),<br />
ko khi riew (°àÕ¢’ È√‘ È«), ko sae (°àÕ·´–), ka pun (°“ªŸπ), ko lap tao pun (°àÕÀ≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ), ma ngae ba<br />
be (¡“·ß∫“∫’), pra mu ning (ª√–¡Ÿπ‘ß) (Peninsular).<br />
22. Lithocarpus fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 126. 1919; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 126. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1942; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 479. 1968.—<br />
Quercus fenestrata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 633. 1832; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 483. 1877;<br />
King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 608. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 471.—<br />
Pasania fenestrata (Roxb.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn<br />
1866: 84. 1866; Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 661. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl.<br />
Indo-Chine 5: 988. 1930.— Synaedrys fenestrata (Roxb.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 3: 195.<br />
1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak,<br />
Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan, Khon Kaen;<br />
SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Krabi.<br />
Distribution.— Nepal, Bhutan, India (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower and upper montane evergreen forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp<br />
forest, dry evergreen to savannah-pine forests, by streams on granite bedrock, alt. 800–
108<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
2350 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov., fruiting July–Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko phuang (°àÕæ«ß), ko ko (°àÕ°ãÕ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko lap tao pun (°àÕ<br />
À≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ) (Peninsular).<br />
23. Lithocarpus garrettianus (Craib) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931: Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 93. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1942; Barnett, Trans.<br />
& Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 476. 1968;<br />
C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 369. 1999.—<br />
Quercus garrettiana Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 471. 1911;— Pasania garrettiana<br />
(Craib) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 403. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte,<br />
Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 994. 1930.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 1185, 1185A, syntypes), Chiang Rai,<br />
Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum.<br />
SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong.<br />
Distribution.— China, Myanma, Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, oak-deciduous<br />
dipterocarp forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, on granite bedrock.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko kang dang (°àÕ°â“ߥâ“ß), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ)(Nor<strong>the</strong>rn & Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
24. Lithocarpus gracilis (Korth.) Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 243. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males.<br />
7(2): 362. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak<br />
3: 59. 2000.— Quercus gracilis Korth, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 207. 1844; A.DC.<br />
in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 93. 1864; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 88.<br />
1889.— Q. cyrtorhyncha Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 350. 1861; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 613. 1888.— Q. diepenhorstii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 349. 1861.— Lithocarpus<br />
cyathiformis A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 4. 1947.— Pasania cyrtorhyncha (Miq.)<br />
Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 432. 1915. Fig. 28.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Brunei.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen to swamp forests, alt. 0–100 m. Flowering<br />
and fruiting Nov.–March.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko bai lek (°àÕ„∫‡≈Á°) (Peninsular).<br />
25. Lithocarpus harmandii (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 124. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1942;<br />
Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944.— Pasania harmandii Hickel &<br />
A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 390, f. 3. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-<br />
Chine 5: 973. 1930.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 109<br />
Figure 28. Lithocarpus gracilis (Korth.) Soepadmo: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Esmit S. 8163), A-<br />
1 male flower, A-2 flower buds; B. infructescence (Kochummen KF 77862), B-1 acorn, B-2<br />
nut.
110<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun,<br />
Loei, Udon Thani, Sakhon Nakhon, Mukdahan, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen;<br />
EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Rachasima, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi.<br />
Distribution.— Cambodia (type), Vietnam, Malaysia.<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen and dry evergreen forests, oak-pine deciduous<br />
dipterocarp forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, on sandstone and granite bedrocks, alt.<br />
50–1300 m (usually 200–900 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May), fruiting Jan.–<br />
Dec. (usually June–Aug.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khi nu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀπŸ), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), ko mon (°àÕÀ¡àπ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko<br />
khi kwang (°àÕ¢’ È°«“ß), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), ko muak (°àÕÀ¡«°) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ),<br />
ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko ta lap (°àÕµ≈—∫), ko laem (°àÕ·À≈¡), nu tha luang (ÀπŸ∑–≈«ß) (Eastern); ko mon<br />
(°àÕÀ¡àπ) (South-eastern).<br />
26. Lithocarpus hendersonianus A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 6: 92. 1934;<br />
A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 589. 1954. Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 246. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl.<br />
Males. 7(2): 328. 1972.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Ranong.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam, Malaysia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. up to 50 m. Flowering and fruiting<br />
Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lam liang (°àÕ≈”‡≈’¬ß) (Peninsular).<br />
27. Lithocarpus lindleyanus (Wall. ex A.DC.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 122. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1942;<br />
Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 484.<br />
1968.— Quercus lindleyana Wall. ex A. DC. In A.P.de Candolle, Prodr., 16(2): 108. 1864;<br />
Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 486. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 607. 1888; Brandis, Indian<br />
Trees: 629. 1921; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 427. 1911;— Pasania lindleyana<br />
(Wall. ex A.DC.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 47: 667. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte,<br />
Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 970. 1930.— Synaedrys lindleyana (Wall. ex A.DC.) Koidz., Bot. Mag.<br />
(Tokyo) 30: 196. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma (type), Vietnam, Cambodia.<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, lower montane forest, moist upper mixed<br />
deciduous forest, deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest, on granite and sandstone bedrocks,<br />
alt. 700–1500 m (usually 700–1000 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Feb.–May), fruiting<br />
May–Dec. (usually May–July).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko dang (°àÕ¥à“ß), ko mu bai luang (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ„∫À≈«ß), ko bai yai (°àÕ„∫„À≠à),
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 111<br />
ko khon (°àÕ¢π), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko dueai kai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬‰°à), ko ta mu luang (°àÕµ“À¡ŸÀ≈«ß)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
28. Lithocarpus loratefolius Phengklai, Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.) 32: 119. 2004. Fig. 29.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Ranong (Wongprasert 92-6-68, holotype BKF!).<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 100–200 m. Fruiting May–June.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko wong (°àÕ«ß), ko ranong (°àÕ√–πÕß) (Peninsular).<br />
29. Lithocarpus lucidus (Roxb.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 128. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 363. 1940; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 390, t. 386. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2):<br />
341. 1972.— Quercus lucida Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 635. 1832; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 614. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 69, t. 64. 1889; Corner, Wayside<br />
Trees: 304. 1940.— Q. omalokos Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 214. 1844; King<br />
ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 614. 1888.— Q. cuneata Roxb. ex A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle,<br />
Prodr. 16(2): 108. 1864.— Cyclobalanus omalokos (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk<br />
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 80. 1866.— Pasania lucida (Roxb.) Gamble, J. Asiat.<br />
Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 440. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 383. 1924.— Synaedrys<br />
omakokos (Korth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916.— Lithocarpus omalokos (Korth.)<br />
Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 129. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 135. 1940; A.Camus,<br />
Chênes, Texte 3: 695, t. 387. 1954.— Synaedrys lucida (Roxb.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 30:<br />
192. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Songkhla.<br />
Distribution.— India, Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, on granite bedrock.<br />
Vernacular.— Ma ko dam (¡–°àÕ¥”), ko dam (°àÕ¥”) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
30. Lithocarpus macphailii (M.R.Hend.) Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 368. 1940; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 178. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes, Atlas 3: 76. 1949;<br />
Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 339. 1972.— Pasania macphailii M.R.Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits<br />
Settlem. 5: 76. 1930.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (Kalimantan, type), Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 100–250 m. Flowering and fruiting<br />
July–Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π) (Peninsular).<br />
31. Lithocarpus magneinii (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 349. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven,
112<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 29. Lithocarpus loratefolius Phengklai: A. twig and leaves, A-1 young twig; B. acorn, B-1 nut, B-<br />
2 view <strong>of</strong> inside <strong>of</strong> cupule, B-3 outside <strong>of</strong> cupule (Wongprasert 68).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 113<br />
Fl. China 4: 355. 1999.— Pasania magneinii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 405.<br />
1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 999. 1930. Fig. 30.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun.<br />
Distribution.— China (type), Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, evergreen forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest,<br />
alt. 880–2000 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Aug.–Sept.), fruiting<br />
March.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko laem (°àÕ·À≈¡), ko bai laem (°àÕ„∫·À≈¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
32. Lithocarpus magnificus (Brandis) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 381. 1940.— Quercus magnifica Brandis (non Hort. Ex Dippel), Indian Trees, ed<br />
3: 631. 1911. Fig. 31.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak forest, dry evergreen forest, on limestone<br />
bedrock, alt. 750–2200 m (usually 1100–1300 m). Flowering Dec.–Feb., fruiting Jan.–June.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko sak (°àÕ —°) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
33. Lithocarpus maingayi (Benth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 129. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 392. 1940; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 577. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 331.<br />
1972.— Quercus maingayi Benth., Hooker’s Icon Pl. 14: t. 1314. 1880; King ex Hook.f., Fl.<br />
Brit. India 5: 617. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 304, f. 98. 1940.— Pasania maingayi (Benth.)<br />
Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 627. 1912; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75:<br />
451. 1915.— Synaedrys maingayi (Benth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 189. 1916.—<br />
Lithocarpus subnucifer A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 4: 123. 1932. Fig. 32.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Songkhla.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (Penang, type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 100–500 m.<br />
Flowering Sept.–Nov., fruiting Nov.–Jan.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko trae (°àÕ·µ√) (Peninsular).<br />
34. Lithocarpus mekongensis (A.Camus) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang, Guihaia 12: 2. 1992;<br />
C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 365. 1999.— L .<br />
microspermus A.Camus ssp. mekongensis A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas 3: 116. 1948. Fig. 33.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang.<br />
Distribution.— China, Laos (type), Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Evergreen forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest, on sandstone, and<br />
granite bedrock.
114<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 30. Lithocarpus magneinii (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus: A. twig, leaves and male inflorescences<br />
(Tagawa et al. T-9125), A-1 terminal and lateral buds, A-2 male flower; B. female inflorescence<br />
(Konta 4282), B-1 female flowers; C. acorn.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 115<br />
Figure 31. Lithocarpus magnificus (Brandis) A.Camus: A. twig, female inflorescence and young<br />
infructescences and leaves, A-1 female inflorescence; B. infructescence, leaf and detached leaf<br />
(Konta 4288).
116<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 32. Lithocarpus maingayi (Benth.) Rehder: A. two detached leaves; B. female inflorescences<br />
(Poore 1375); C. mature acorn (Stone 9594), C-1 nut, C-2 young acorn (Niyomdham 3096).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 117<br />
Figure 33. Lithocarpus mekongensis (A.Camus) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences<br />
(van Beusekom et al. 2500), A-1 male flower cluster; B. infructescence (Sangkhachand 116).
118<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Vernacular.— Ko noi (°àÕπâÕ¬) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
35. Lithocarpus neo-robinsonii A.Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 265. 1949; A. Camus,<br />
Chênes, Atlas 3: 77, t. 410. 1949; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 780. 1954; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia<br />
8: 261. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 336. 1972.— Quercus robinsonii Ridl. (non Merr.),<br />
J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 5: 46. 1914.— Pasania robinsonii (Ridl.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc.<br />
Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 450. 1915. Fig. 34.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, lower montane forest, alt. 900–1500 m.<br />
Flowering and fruiting Feb.–March.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khrang (°àÕ§√— Ëß) (Peninsular).<br />
36. Lithocarpus pattaniensis Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 104. 1938; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 147. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944.<br />
A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 770. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 336. 1972.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Pattani (Kerr 7583, type), Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia.<br />
Ecology.— On ridges in tropical evergreen forest. Flowering Sept., fruiting Aug.–<br />
Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko pattani (°àÕªíµµ“π’), ko lap (°àÕÀ≈—∫).<br />
37. Lithocarpus pierrei (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 328. 1940; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 484. 1968. — Pasania pierrei<br />
Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 398, f. 3. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte,<br />
Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 987. 1930.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. up to 500 m. Flowering and fruiting<br />
July.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko phloi chan (°àÕæ≈Õ¬®—π∑πå) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern)<br />
38. Lithocarpus platycarpus (Blume) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 130. 1919; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 364. 1940; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 698. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2):<br />
340. 1972.— Quercus platycarpa Blume, Fl. Javae 13–14: 27, t. 15. 1829; A.DC. in A.P. de<br />
Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 92. 1864; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 70, t. 65. 1889;<br />
Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 7. 1965.— Cyclobalanus platycarpa (Blume) Oerst., Vidensk.<br />
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 80. 1866.— Synaedrys platycarpa<br />
(Blume) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916. Fig. 35.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 119<br />
Figure 34. Lithocarpus neo-robinsonii A.Camus: A. twig and buds; B. & B-1 infructescence & acorn<br />
(Abbe et al. 9105); C & C-1 male inflorescences & flower (enlarged) (Ogata, KEP. 110274).
120<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 35. Lithocarpus platycarpus (Blume) Rehder: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Abbe et al.<br />
9694); B. bud; C. female flower; D. acorn (Smitinand 2332).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 121<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,<br />
Phatthalung, Trang.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen to lower montane forest, on granite bedrock,<br />
alt. 50–1750 m (usually 200–300 m). Flowering Feb.–Nov., fruiting March–Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko sae (°àÕ·´–), ko lap (°àÕÀ≈—∫)<br />
39. Lithocarpus polystachyus (Wall. ex A.DC.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 130. 1919; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 105. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1941;<br />
Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 487.<br />
1968.— Quercus polystachya Wall. ex A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 107. 1864;<br />
Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 485. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 610. 1888; Craib, Bull.<br />
Misc. Inform. Kew 1911. 472; Brandis, Indian Trees: 630. 1921.— Q. bancana Kurz (non<br />
Scheff.), Forest Fl. Burm 2: 485. 1877.— Pasania polystachya (Wall. ex A.DC.) Schottky,<br />
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 667. 1912.— Synaedrys polystachya (Wall. ex A.DC.) Koidz., Bot. Mag.<br />
(Tokyo) 30: 197. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun,<br />
Lampang, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Maha<br />
Sarakham; EASTERN: Nakhon Rachasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Uthai Thani,<br />
Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Suphan Buri; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong,<br />
Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest, mixed<br />
deciduous-oak forest, old clearings, evergreen to lower montane forests; on sandstone<br />
bedrock, alt. 60–2200 m (usually 600–1000 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Nov.–May),<br />
fruiting June–Nov.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mak (°àÕÀ¡“°), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π), ko ngae (°àÕ·ß–), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko<br />
ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko ket dam (°àÕ‡°Á¥¥”) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko hua mu (°àÕÀ—«À¡Ÿ) (Eastern);<br />
ko khua (°àÕ§— Ë«) (Peninsular).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
40. Lithocarpus rassa (Miq.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 130. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag.<br />
Asia: 356. 1940; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 739, t. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 364.<br />
1972.— Quercus rassa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 350. 1861; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle,<br />
Prodr. 16(2): 95. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 613. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees:<br />
304, f. 96. 1940.— Cyclobalanus rassa (Miq.) Oerst., Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana, Math.-<br />
Naturvidensk. Kl. 5(9): 376. 1871.— Quercus wenzigiana King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5:<br />
613. 1888.— Q. rassa Miq. var. lanuginosa Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 37.<br />
1912.— Pasania rassa (Miq.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 436. 1915.—<br />
P. wenzigiana (King ex Hook.f.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 435.<br />
1915.— Synaedrys rassa (Miq.) Koidz., Bot Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916.— S. wenzigiana
122<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
(King ex Hook.f.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo): 193. 1916.— Lithocarpus rangerianus A.Camus,<br />
Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 4: 913. 1932.— L. ridleyanus A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist.<br />
Nat., II, 4: 913. 1932. Fig. 36.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.—Tropical evergreen forest, along ridges, alt. 700–900 m. Flowering March–<br />
Sept., fruiting Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko bai iat (°àÕ„∫‡Õ’¬¥), ko iat (°àÕ‡Õ’¬¥) (Peninsular).<br />
41. Lithocarpus recurvatus Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938. 101. 1938; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 92. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 33: 333. 1942; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 746. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 5340, type), Tak; NORTHEASTERN:<br />
Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR:<br />
Ranong.<br />
Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, alt.<br />
180–2400 m (usually 1300–2400 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May), fruiting Feb.–<br />
Nov. (usually Oct.–Nov.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko phua nam (°àÕº— Í«–Àπ“¡), ko phua (°àÕº— Í«–), ko tia (°àÕ‡µ’ Ȭ), ko laeng<br />
(°àÕ·≈âß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), ko-mi (°àÕÀ¡’) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
42. Lithocarpus reinwardtii (Korth.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; A.Camus, Chênes,<br />
Texte 3: 726, t. 397. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 151. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot.<br />
Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 359. 1972.— Quercus reinwardtii<br />
Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 211. 1844; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr.<br />
16(2): 92. 1864.— Cyclobalanus reinwardtii (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk<br />
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866.— Pasania reinwardtii (Korth.) Prantl in<br />
H.G.A.Engl. & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflazenfam. 3(1): 55. 1888.— Synaedrys reinwardtii (Korth.)<br />
Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si<br />
Thammarat.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt. 40–400 m.<br />
Flowering Jan.–June, fruiting March–Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ma ko chaeng (¡–°àÕ·®ß), chaeng (·®ß), mak ko (¡—°°àÕ) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
43. Lithocarpus revolutus Hatus. ex Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 273, f. 12. 1970; Soepadmo,<br />
Fl. Males. 7(2): 346, f. 25. 1972. Fig. 37.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 123<br />
Figure 36. Lithocarpus rassa (Miq.) Rehder: A. branch with twigs bearing leaves, inflorescences and an<br />
infructescence (Smitinand 830), A-1 male flower clusters, A-2 male flower; B. part <strong>of</strong><br />
infructescence, B-1 acorn, B-2 nut, B-3 cupule.
124<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 37. Lithocarpus revolutus Hatus. ex Soepadmo: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand<br />
s.n.), A-1 male flower, A-2 female flower; B. acorn (RSNB 4171).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 125<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, by streams, alt. 50–200 m. Flowering<br />
and fruiting no recorded.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko bai sai (°àÕ„∫‰∑√) (Peninsular).<br />
44. Lithocarpus rufescens Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 102. 1938; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 120. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Phuket (Kerr 7218, type).<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 100–150 m. Flowering July, fruiting<br />
Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko sam chai (°àÕ “¡“¬), ko phuket (°àÕ¿Ÿ‡°Áµ) (Peninsular).<br />
45. Lithocarpus scortechinii (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 85. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1941;<br />
Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 278.<br />
1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 380. 1972.— Quercus scortechinii King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 608. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 304, f. 96. 1940.— Pasania scortechinii (King ex<br />
Hook.f.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 676. 1912.— Lithocarpus smitinandianus A.Camus,<br />
Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 257. 1953.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type).<br />
Ecology.—Tropical evergreen forest, alt. 650–1000 m. Flowering Nov., fruiting April–<br />
Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khai laen (°àÕ‰¢à·≈π), ko do lae (°àÕ¥Õ·≈) (Peninsular).<br />
46. Lithocarpus siamensis A.Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 257. 1953; A. Camus, Chänes,<br />
Texte 3: 1271, t. 28. 1954; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 480. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Smitinand 5076, type).<br />
Distribution.— Cambodia.<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, alt. 650–750 m. Flowering Nov.–Jan., fruiting<br />
Jan.–March.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ruk (°àÕ√ÿ°) (Peninsular).<br />
47. Lithocarpus sootepensis (Craib) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; A. Camus, Chänes,<br />
Texte 3: 807. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 139. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc.<br />
Edinburgh 33: 334. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Hjelmq.,
126<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 488. 1968.— Quercus sootepensis Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911:<br />
472. 1911; Craib, Contr. Fl. Siam, Aber. Univ.: 201. 1912.— Pasania sootepensis (Craib)<br />
Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 399. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl.<br />
Indo-Chine 5: 989. 1930.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 780, type), Chiang Rai, Lamphun.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (Kedah).<br />
Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, lower montane<br />
forest, oak-pine forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 600–1650 m (usually 800–1200 m). Flowering<br />
Jan.–Dec. (usually Sept.–Dec.), fruiting June–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lueat (°àÕ‡≈◊Õ¥), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), ko hua mu (°àÕÀ—«À¡Ÿ), ko sa yak<br />
(°àÕ –À¬“°), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko hua suea (°àÕÀ—«‡ ◊Õ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
48. Lithocarpus sundaicus (Blume) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 131. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 97. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1941; Barnett,<br />
Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 34: 333. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes, Texte 3: 910, t. 448.<br />
1954; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 282. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 375. 1972.— Quercus<br />
sundaica Blume, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 9: 216. 1825; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 611. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 305. 1940; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 8. 1965.—<br />
Pasania sundaica (Blume) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn<br />
1866: 83. 1866; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 379. 1924.— Quercus lamponga Miq., Fl. Ned.<br />
Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 348. 1861; Corner, Wayside Trees: 303. 1940.— Cyclobalanus lamponga<br />
(Miq.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1867.—<br />
Pasania lamponga (Miq.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 423. 1915.—<br />
Quercus grandifrons King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 5: 610. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees:<br />
303. 1940.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,<br />
Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Brunei.<br />
Ecology.— Swamp forest, tropical rain forest, alt. 50–900 m. FloweringApril–Nov.,<br />
fruiting July–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lap tao pun (°àÕÀ≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π), ko kriap (°àÕ‡°√’¬∫), ko<br />
talap (°àÕµ≈—∫), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko lang khao (°àÕÀ≈—ߢ“«).<br />
49. Lithocarpus thomsonii (Miq.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 132. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 102. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq.,<br />
Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 485. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven,<br />
Fl. China 4: 346. 1999.— Quercus thomsoni Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 109.<br />
1864; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 486. 1877; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 615. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc.<br />
Inform. Kew 1911: 473; Brandis, Indian Trees: 632. 1911.— Synaedrys thomsonii (Miq.)<br />
Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 193. 1916.— Pasania thomsonii (Miq.) Hickel & A.Camus,<br />
Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 390. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 974.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 127<br />
1930.— Quercus tubinata Roxb., (non Blume), Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 636. 1832.— Lithocarpus<br />
annamensis [non (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus], Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 483. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Nakhon Phanom; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi;<br />
CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachinburi, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat;<br />
PENINSULAR: Ranong, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— India (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, scrub forest, lower<br />
montane forest, alt. 100–1700 m (usually 500–900 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Nov.–<br />
Dec.), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually July–Sept.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khao (°àբ⓫), ko mon (°àÕÀ¡àπ), ko nam (°àÕπÈ”), ko khao (°àÕ¢“«), ko ta<br />
mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko khao (°àÕ¢“«), ko chaeng (°àÕ·®ß) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern); kliang cha<br />
mon (‡°≈’ Ȭߖ‚¡π), (Peninsular); muk ko mo (À¡—°°àÕÀ¡âÕ) (Eastern).<br />
50. Lithocarpus trachycarpus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931;<br />
A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 836. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 374. 1940; Hjelmq.,<br />
Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 478. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven,<br />
Fl. China 4: 358. 1999.— Pasania trachycarpa Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.<br />
29: 604. 1923; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 977. 1930.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang; NORTHEASTERN:<br />
Phetchabun, Loei; SOUTHWESTERN: Phetchaburi; PENINSULAR: Songkhla.<br />
Distribution.— Laos (type), Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, dry evergreen forest, deciduous dipterocarp<br />
forest, on rocky and granite bedrock, alt. 470–1500 m (usually 1000–1300 m). Flowering<br />
Jan.–Dec. (usually May–Aug.), fruiting March–Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko lai (°àÕ≈“¬), ko duei (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬), ko wai (°àÕÀ«“¬) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko daeng<br />
(°àÕ·¥ß), ko nuat daeng (°àÕÀπ«¥·¥ß), ko phuang (°àÕæ«ß), ko phua (°àÕº— Í«–), ko khao (°àբ⓫)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible.<br />
51. Lithocarpus truncatus (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder & Wilson, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 132.<br />
1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 131. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh<br />
33: 339. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot.<br />
Ark. 23: 490. 1968; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 645. 1954; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol.<br />
in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 343. 1999.— Quercus truncata King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 618. 1888; Craib, Kew Bull 1911: 473; Brandis, Indian Trees: 632. 1921.— Pasania<br />
truncata (King ex Hook.f.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 47: 663. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus,<br />
Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 402. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 992.<br />
1930.— Synaedrys truncata (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 190. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; EASTERN:
128<br />
Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi.<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Distribution.— India (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, pine-oak savannah forest, dry evergreen forest,<br />
on sandstone and granite bedrocks, alt. 600–1260 m (usually 900–1000 m). Flowering May–<br />
Jan., fruiting March–Nov.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko duk (°àÕ¥Ÿ°) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko dam (°àÕ¥”), ko duk (°àÕ¥Ÿ°), ko khao<br />
(°àբ⓫), ko klet dam (°àÕ‡°≈Á¥¥”) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
52. Lithocarpus tubulosus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; A.Camus,<br />
Chänes,Texte 3: 782. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 395. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang &<br />
B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 351. 1999.— Pasania tubulosa Hickel &<br />
A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 405. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-<br />
Chine 5: 1000. 1930.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Trang.<br />
Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 50–100 m. Flowering Feb.–April,<br />
fruiting June–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko chuk (°àÕ®ÿ°), ko khon (°àÕ¢π) (Peninsular), chaeng (·®ß) (South<br />
eastern).<br />
Uses.— Nuts edible (Laos).<br />
53. Lithocarpus vestitus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; A.Camus,<br />
Chênes, Texte 3: 940. 1954. Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 338. 1940; Chun., J. Arnold Arbor.<br />
28: 230. 1947; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 486. 1968.— Pasania vestita Hickel & A.Camus,<br />
Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 393. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 980.<br />
1930.— Lithocarpus microspermus A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 818. 1935.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN:<br />
Phetchabun; EASTERN: Nakhon Rachasima; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR:<br />
Ranong.<br />
Distribution.— Laos (type).<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen and dry everygreen forest, pine-deciduous<br />
dipterocarp and oak-pine forests, mixed deciduous forest, alt. 50–1400 m (usually 600–1100<br />
m). Flowering Dec.–May, fruiting Feb.–Oct.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko nu (°àÕÀπŸ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ) (Southwestern).<br />
54. Lithocarpus wallichianus (Lindl. ex Hance) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 132. 1919;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 100. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 33:<br />
333. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; A.Camus, Chênes,<br />
Texte 3: 1102, t. 503. 1954; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 287. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2):
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 129<br />
368. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 94.<br />
2000.— Quercus wallichiana Lindl. ex Hance, J. Bot. 8: 4. 1870; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 610. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 305, f. 96. 1940.— Pasania wallichiana (Lindl.<br />
|ex Hance) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 425. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay<br />
Penins. 3: 378. 1924.— Synaedrys wallichiana (Lindl. ex Hance) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo),<br />
30: 199. 1916.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi;<br />
SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla,<br />
Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, lower montane oak-pine forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by stream,<br />
on sandstone bedrock.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), chaeng (·®ß), ko chaeng (°àÕ·®ß) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern), pan fa<br />
pun (ªíπΩ“ªŸπ) (Peninsular).<br />
55. Lithocarpus wrayi (King) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8:<br />
288. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 334. 1972.— Quercus wrayi King, Ann. Roy. Bot.<br />
Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 77, t. 104. 1889.— Q. lappaceus King ex Hook.f. (non Rock), Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 607. 1888, quoad Malaya; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 41. 1888; Corner,<br />
Wayside Trees: 303. 1943.— Brandis, Indian Trees: 633. 1921.— Pasania wrayi (King)<br />
Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 446. 1915.— P. lappacea Gamble (non<br />
Oerst.), J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 446. 1915.— Synaedrys wrayi (King)<br />
Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 187. 1916.— Lithocarpus longispinus Barnett, Bull. Misc.<br />
Inform. Kew 1938: 100. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 87. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc.<br />
Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 770, t. 1948. 1954; Soepadmo,<br />
Reinwardtia 8: 266. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 334, f. 22. 1972.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHEASTERN:<br />
Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat,<br />
Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam, Malaysia (type), Indonesia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, savannah forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by stream, on<br />
limestone and granite bedrocks, alt. 50–600 m. Flowering Jan.–July, fruiting April–Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko kriap (°àÕ‡°√’¬∫), ko kuan (°àÕ°«π), ko ruk (°àÕ√ÿ°), ko ta lap (°àÕ<br />
µ≈—∫), ta lap tao pun (µ≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ), ko lang khao (°àÕÀ≈—ߢ“«), ko dan (°àÕ¥“π) (Peninsular).<br />
56. Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 66. 1924; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 375. 1940; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 604. 1954; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang &<br />
B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 339. 1999.— Quercus xylocarpa Kurz, J.<br />
Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44(2): 196. 1875; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 489. 1877;<br />
Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 618. 1888.— Pasania xylocarpa (Kurz) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst.<br />
47: 674. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 995. 1930.— Synaedrys
130<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
xylocarpa (Kurz) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 30: 190. 1916.— Pasania capusii Hickel &<br />
A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 404. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-<br />
Chine 5: 995.1930. Fig 38.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai.<br />
Distribution.— China, Myanma (type), India, Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests, alt. 1400–2400 m. Flowering and<br />
fruiting Oct.–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko satit (°àÕ ∑‘µ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
3. QUERCUS*<br />
L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 413. 1754; A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 2. 1864; Benth. & Hook.,<br />
Gen. Pl. 3: 407. 1880; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 600. 1888; Prantl in H.G.A.Engl. & K.A.E.Prantl,<br />
Nat. Pflazenfam. 3(1): 55. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 19. 1889; A.Camus,<br />
Chänes, Texte 1: 7. 1938; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 329. 1942;<br />
Hutchinson, Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 13. 1967; Soepadmo, Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 355. 1968; Soepadmo,<br />
Fl. Males. 7(2): 385. 1972.— Cyclobalanopsis Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist.<br />
Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 77. 1866; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu &<br />
P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 380. 1999.<br />
Deciduous or evergreen trees rarely shrubs. Branchlets initially densely tomentose<br />
or brownish, stiff, pubescent, glabrescent. Terminal buds usually ovoid, conical or ellipsoid,<br />
usually densely crowded. Stipules extrapetiolar, caducous. Leaves spirally arranged or<br />
rarely pseudo-whorled, serrate, dentate or lobed, rarely entire, very variable in form and size<br />
even within <strong>the</strong> species, glabrous to densely pubescent or tomentose. Inflorescences with<br />
male and female flowers separate on same branch. Male inflorescences solitary or in<br />
paniculate clusters <strong>of</strong> pendulous catkins, in upper leaf scars or subterminal below new<br />
shoots. Female inflorescences erect, solitary spikes, axillary. Male flowers solitary or in<br />
clusters <strong>of</strong> 3–4; perianth scarious, 4–6 lobed, <strong>the</strong> lobes connate at base, densely tomentose.<br />
Stamens (4–)6, an<strong>the</strong>r basifixed, dehiscing with a longitudinal slit, usually hairy. Rudimentary<br />
ovary always absent. Female flowers always solitary, perianth (4–)6 lobed, staminodes<br />
absent or 5–7. Styles 3(–6), cylindrical, more or less recurved, free or connate at base;<br />
stigmas broadly capitate, glabrous. Ovary cells as many as styles. Cupule cup or saucershaped,<br />
obconic or obovoid-globose, lamellate, hairy on both sides, lamellae imbricate or<br />
ring-like and in 5–12 lines. Fruit ovoid, globose or turbinate, nut partly or nearly completely<br />
enclosed by a cupule from which it is free; scar present and noticeable.<br />
A genus <strong>of</strong> about 600 species widely distributed through North & South America,<br />
North Africa and Europe into <strong>the</strong> Asian tropics and subtropics. Twenty-nine species are<br />
indigenous to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
* with T. Boonthavikoon & P. Phonsena, The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant<br />
Conservation Department, Bangkok 10900, <strong>Thailand</strong>.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 131<br />
Figure 38. Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr.: A. twig & buds, A-1 a form <strong>of</strong> leaf; B. infructescence,<br />
B-1 nut ( Smitinand et al. 8340).
132<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Vernacular.— Ko phuang (°àÕæ«ß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
KEY TO THE SPECIES<br />
(based on acorns)<br />
1. External surface <strong>of</strong> cupules with alternate lamellae, resembling fish scales, or some lamellae spread<br />
out<br />
2. Cupule obconic or crown-shaped<br />
3. Cupule crown-shaped with spreading lamellae. Leaves strongly serrate and <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> secondary<br />
nerves projecting as long spines 1. Q. acutissimus<br />
3. Cupule obconic<br />
4. Lamellae with thick and incurved as a terete hook at apex. Leaves densely tomentose on<br />
both sides, especially on lower surface 11. Q. kingianus<br />
4. Lamellae evenly flattened. Leaves glabrous and shiny on both sides 28. Q. setulosus<br />
2. Cupule cup- or saucer-shaped or globose<br />
5. Each infructescence with (1–)2 acorns. Leaves elliptic or ovate, entire or serrate. Stipule not<br />
caducous<br />
6. Leaves serrate 8. Q. franchetii<br />
6. Leaves entire 26. Q. semecarpifolia<br />
5. Each infructescence not less than 3-acorned. Leaves obovate or ovate, serrate. Stipules<br />
caducous<br />
7. Mature nuts ovoid, broader than long, up to 1 by 1.5 cm. Leaves usually cordate or<br />
auriculate at base 13. Q. lanata<br />
7. Mature nuts tubular-ovoid, longer than broad, not less than 1.5 by 1 cm. Leaves slightly<br />
cuneate and more or less auriculate at base 2. Q. aliena<br />
1. External surface <strong>of</strong> cupules with lines <strong>of</strong> lamellae arranged in rings<br />
8. Cupules cup- or dish-shaped<br />
9. Cupules with fruit stalks, 0.5–1 cm long<br />
10. Acorns (cupule & nut) broader than long<br />
11. Nuts ovoid; cupules covering 1/2 <strong>of</strong> nut, limb always dilated (when mature). Leaves up<br />
to 18 cm long 23. Q. ramsbottomii<br />
11. Nuts flattened both top and base; cupules covering <strong>the</strong> nut to <strong>the</strong> apex or beyond,<br />
but not enclosing <strong>the</strong> tapex, limb not dilated (when mature). Leaves up to 30 cm<br />
long 5. Q. austro-cochinchinensis<br />
10. Acorns (cupule & nut) longer than broad<br />
12. Style (young acorn) with capitate stigmata. Cupules (mature) covering about 1/2 or<br />
more <strong>of</strong> nuts 19. Q. oidocarpus<br />
12. Style (young acorn) with dilate stigmata. Cupules (mature) covering 1/4 to 1/3 <strong>of</strong><br />
nuts 27. Q. semiserratus<br />
9. Cupules sessile<br />
13. Cupules (mature) covering <strong>the</strong> nuts for up to 1/3 or occasionally nearly 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir length.<br />
Leaves always in pseudo-whorls at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> twigs<br />
14. Nuts not less than 3 cm long. Cupules with dilated (mature) limb and densely ferruginoustomentose.<br />
Leaves obovate, ovate-oblong 7. Q. fleuryi<br />
14. Nuts up to 3 cm long. Cupules lacking dilated limb, densely brown-tomentose. Leaves lanceolate,<br />
elliptic-lanceolate 22. Q. quangtriensis<br />
13. Cupules (mature) enclosing nuts for ip to 2/3 or 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir length. Leaves not in pseudo-whorls<br />
at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> twigs<br />
15. Acorns (cupule and nut) up to 2.1 by 2 cm. Twigs glabrous. Leaves elliptic, elliptic oblong,<br />
petioles blackish when dry.<br />
16. Acorns up to 1 by 1 cm, densely brown-hairy 18. Q. sessilifolia<br />
16. Acorns not less than 2 by 1.7 cm, pale tawny-pubescent 3. Q. augustinii<br />
15. Acorns (cupule & nut) not less than 3 by 2.5 cm. Twigs densely tomentose. Leaves lanceolate,<br />
obovate, petioles not black when dry
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 133<br />
17. Leaves weakly obovate, minutely serrate on apical 1/3, secondary nerves up to 9 pairs<br />
4. Q. auricoma<br />
17. Leaves lanceolate, strongly serrate on apical 2/3, secondary nerves not less than 14<br />
pairs 15. Q. lineatus<br />
8. Cupules saucer-shaped or obconic<br />
18. Nuts conical, dome-shaped or mammilliform<br />
19. Cupules obconic<br />
20. Nut conical. Leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate<br />
21. Leaves obovate or ovate. Acorns sessile 6. Q. brandisianus<br />
21. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Acorns stalked 25. Q. saravannensis<br />
20. Nuts mammilliform. Leaves lanceolate 17. Q. mysinaefolius<br />
19. Cupules saucer-shaped<br />
22. Leaves obovate, densely yellow tomentose on lower surface. Stigmata capitate<br />
21. Q. poilanei<br />
22. Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, pubescent <strong>the</strong>n glabrous on both surfaces. Stigmata<br />
dilate 20. Q. oxyodon<br />
18. Nuts hemisphaeric, flattened or subflattened<br />
23. Nut apices weakly cone-like. Cupules saucer-shaped<br />
24. Nuts up to 2.1 cm broad. Styles 3, stigmata capitate 14. Q. lenticellatus<br />
24. Nuts not less than 2.5 cm broad. Styles (3–)4–6, stigmata capitate<br />
25. Apex <strong>of</strong> rings or lamellae pointing upward, adnate or fused to <strong>the</strong> cupule surface.<br />
Leaves oblong, base obtuse 29. Q. vestitus<br />
25. Apex <strong>of</strong> rings or lamellae reflexed, not adnate or fused to cupule surface. Leaves<br />
obovate, base cuneate 24. Q. rex<br />
23. Nut apices flattened to retuse<br />
26. Cupules enclosing <strong>the</strong> nuts to <strong>the</strong>ir apices<br />
27. Cupules obconical-shaped, laments set in fine ringed or lamellae 10. Q. kerrii<br />
27. Cupules saucer-shaped, lamentas set in irregular rings or lamellae, especially on<br />
<strong>the</strong> lateral part 12. Q. lamellosa<br />
26. Cupules enclosing <strong>the</strong> nuts for up to 1/2 <strong>the</strong>ir length<br />
28. Cupules enclosing <strong>the</strong> nuts for up to one-fifth <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir length or at <strong>the</strong> base only.<br />
Leaves velutinous on lower surface 9. Q. helferianus<br />
28. Cupules enclosing <strong>the</strong> nuts for 1/3 to 1/2 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir length. Leaves glabrescent or<br />
densely pubescent on lower surface 16. Q. mespilifolius<br />
1. Quercus acutissima Carruth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 33. 1862; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang &<br />
B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 372. 1999.— Q. serrata Barnett (non Thunb.),<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 28. 1940; Barnett, Trans.& Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366. 1944.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai. NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei. EASTERN:<br />
Chaiyaphum.<br />
Distribution.— India, Nepal (type), Myanma, Vietnam, Laos, China, Korea, Japan,<br />
U.S.A.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest and oak-savannah forest, on<br />
sandstone bedrock, alt. 650–1300 m. (usually 1000–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–March,<br />
fruiting March–Nov.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko khi kwang (°àÕ¢’ È°«“ß), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko ub khao (°àÕÕÿ∫¢â“«)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
2. Quercus aliena Blume, Mus. Bot. 1.: 298. 1851; A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 14.<br />
Dec. (usually April–May).
134<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
1 2 3<br />
4 5 6<br />
7 8 9<br />
10 11 12<br />
13 14 15<br />
Figure 39. Various acorns in <strong>the</strong> genus Quercus: 1) °àÕ¢’ È°«“ß Quercus acutissimus; 2) °àÕ‡µ’ Ȭ Q. aliena sub sp.<br />
aliena; 3) °àÕ„∫√’ Q. augustinii; 4) °àÕÀ¡«° Q. auricomus; 5) °àÕ·Õ∫ Q. austro-cochinchinensis; 6)<br />
°àÕµ“§«“¬ Q. brandisianus; 7) °àÕÀ‘π Q. fleuryi; 8) °àÕ·§√– Q. franchetii; 9) °àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ Q. helferianus;<br />
10) °àÕ·æ– Q. kerrii; 11) °àÕ·¥ß Q. kingianus; 12) °àÕ·Õ∫¢â“« Q. lamellosa; 13) °àÕ‡∑“ Q. lanata; 14)<br />
°àÕµ“§≈Õ¬ Q. lenticellatus; 15) °àÕÀ¡Õ° Q. lineatus.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 135<br />
16.1 16.2 17<br />
18 19 20<br />
21 22 23<br />
24 25 26<br />
27 28 29<br />
Figure 40. Various acorns in <strong>the</strong> genus Quercus: 16.1) °àÕ·ß– Quercus mespilifolius var. mespilifolius; 16.2)<br />
°àÕµ≈—∫ Quercus mespilifolius var. pubescens; 17) °àÕ¥à“ß Q. myrsinaefolius; 18) °àÕ®—π∑πå Q<br />
sessilifolia; 19) °àÕÀ¡«° Q. oidocarpus; 20) °àÕ‡≈◊ËÕ¡<br />
Q. oxydon; 21) °àÕ ’‡ ’¬¥ Q. poilanei; 22)<br />
°àÕÀπ«¥·¡« Q. quangtriensis; 23) °àÕµ≈—∫ Q. ramsbottomii; 24) °àÕµ≈—∫ Q. rex; 25) °àÕ‡°≈’ È¬ß Q.<br />
saravanensis; 26)°àÕ‡’¬ß¥“« Q. semecarpifolia; 27) °àÕ°√–¥ÿ¡ Q. semiserratus; 28) °àÕµ“®’ Q. setulosus;<br />
29) °àÕ·Õ∫ Q. vestitus.
136<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
KEY TO SUBSPECIES<br />
1. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces 2.1 subsp. aliena<br />
1. Leaves densely tomentose on lower surface 2.2 subsp. griffithii<br />
subsp. aliena<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN:<br />
Chaiyaphum.<br />
Distribution.— India, Myanma, Laos, China, Japan (type).<br />
Ecology.— Pine-deciduous forest, mixed deciduous forest, savannah and lower<br />
montane forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 800–1400 m. (usually 1000–1300 m). Flowering<br />
Jan.–Nov. (usually Feb.–April), fruiting Jan.–Aug..<br />
Vernacular.—Ko tia (°àÕ‡µ’ Ȭ), ko na ae (°àÕπ–·Õ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko nam (°àÕπÈ”)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Nut edible.<br />
subsp. griffithii (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 635.<br />
1912.— Quercus griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq. in A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr.<br />
16(2): 14. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 602. 1888; Franch., J. Bot.: 147. 1899;<br />
Brandis, Indian Trees: 625. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 943.<br />
1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 24. 1940.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum.<br />
Distribution.— India (Sikkim, type).<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, lower montane forest, deciduous dipterocarppine<br />
forest and open and wet savannah, usually in pure stands on sandstone bedrock by<br />
streams; alt. 800–1500 m. (usually 1200–1300 m). Flowering March–June, fruiting March–<br />
Dec..<br />
Vernacular.—Ko nam (°àÕπÈ”), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Nut edible.<br />
3. Quercus augustinii Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 507. 1889; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia:<br />
230. 1940.— Cyclobalanopsis augustinii (Skan.) Schott., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 656. 1912;<br />
C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 398. 1999.—<br />
Quercus glabricupula Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 99. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 69. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh. 34: 331. 1944.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHEASTERN:<br />
Chanthaburi.<br />
Distribution.— China (type), Myanma.<br />
Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests on granite bedrock, alt. 1100–2500 m<br />
(usually 1500–2000 m). Flowering Jan.–March, fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–March).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 137<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mong kut (°àÕ¡ß°ÿÆ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko bai ri (°àÕ„∫√’), ko laem (°àÕ<br />
·À≈¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
4. Quercus auricoma A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas. 2: 122. 1935. Fig. 41.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun,<br />
Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest and pine-deciduous dipterocarp<br />
forest on limestone hills, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt. 800–2500 m (usually 800–1200 m. Flowering<br />
Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually June–Sept.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko muak (°àÕÀ¡«°) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
5. Quercus austro-cochinchinensis Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 386. 1921;<br />
Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 959. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Ral. Fag. Asia:<br />
266. 1940.— Cyclobalanopsis austrocochinchinensis (Hickel & A.Camus) Hjelmq., Dansk.<br />
Bot. Ark., 23: 503. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl.<br />
China 4: 397. 1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Phangnga.<br />
Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— On slopes <strong>of</strong> stream valleys in tropical evergreen forest and lower<br />
montane forest, alt. 600–1400 m. Flowering Jan., fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually Feb.–March).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko aep (°àÕ·Õ∫) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
6. Quercus brandisiana Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): 108. 1873; Kurz,<br />
Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 488. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 604. 1888; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 48. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.—<br />
Cyclobalanopsis brandisiana (Kurz) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 657. 1912; Hjelm.,<br />
Dansk Bot. Ark., 23: 507. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang;<br />
NORTHEASTERN: Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma (type).<br />
Ecology.— Pine-oak forest, mixed deciduous forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp<br />
forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest and lower montane forest, on limestone and granite<br />
bedrock, alt. 850–1500 m (usually 850–1000 m). Flowering March–Dec., fruiting Feb.–Dec.<br />
(usually April–May).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ta khwai (°àÕµ“§«“¬), ko si siat (°àÕ ’‡ ’¬¥), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko nun<br />
(°àÕÀπÿπ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
Uses.— Bark chewed locally with betel nut.
138<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 41. Quercus auricoma A.Camus: A. twig, leaves and infructescence (Phengklai 6799), A-1 view <strong>of</strong><br />
cupule from above, A-2 nut; B. female inflorescence (Pooma 76).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 139<br />
7. Quercus fleuryi Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat 29: 600. 1923; Hickel &<br />
A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 951. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 245.<br />
1940.— Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi (Hickel & A.Camus) W.T.Chun. in Fl. Fujianica 1: 403.<br />
1982; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 385. 1999.<br />
Fig. 42.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei, Nakhon Phanom;<br />
EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen to lower montane forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams; alt. 100–<br />
1500 m (usually 1200 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Nov.–Dec.). fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually<br />
Feb.–April).<br />
Vernacular.— Se di (‡´¥’) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); mak ko hin (À¡“°°àÕÀ‘π), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π) (Eastern).<br />
8. Quercus franchetii Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 513. 1889; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia:<br />
37. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark.,<br />
23: 513. 1968.— Quercus lanuginosa Franch (non D.Don)., J. Bot. (Morot) 13: 149. 1899.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN:<br />
Chaiyaphum.<br />
Distribution.— Afghanistan, Myanma, China (type).<br />
Ecology.— Dry upper mixed deciduous forest, oak-savannah forest, frequent on<br />
limestone bedrock, alt. 1600–2100 m. Flowering April, fruiting Feb.–Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko pha (°àÕº“), ko khrae (°àÕ·§√–) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
9. Quercus helferiana A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 101. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl.<br />
Brit. India 5: 605. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees: 628. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl.<br />
Indo-Chine 5: 958. 1933; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 50. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot.<br />
Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis helferiana (A.DC.) Oerst., Vidensk.<br />
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866; Hielm., Dansk. Bot. Ark, 23:<br />
504. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 391.<br />
1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun,<br />
Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi.<br />
Distribution.— India (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, oak-pine forest, oak-savannah forest, lower<br />
montane forest and deciduous dipterocarp forest on granite bedrock, alt. 500–2650 m.<br />
(usually 800–1500 m). Flowering Dec.–March, fruiting Feb.–Nov.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko aep luang (°àÕ·Õ∫À≈«ß), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), ko lum<br />
(°àÕÀ≈ÿ¡), ko kup (°àÕ°—∫) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ) (Southwestern).
140<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 42. Quercus fleuryi Hickel & A.Camus: A. twig, leaves and female inflorescences (Murata et al. T-<br />
42597), A-1 female inflorescence, A-2 female flower, A-3 bud; B. male inflorescence<br />
(Bingtingngon 36), B-1 male flower; C. acorn, C-1 cupule (Garrett 850).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 141<br />
Uses.— Wood suitable for heavy construction.<br />
10. Quercus kerrii Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 471. 1911; Craib, Bull.<br />
Misc.Inform. Kew 1912: 199. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5:<br />
958. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 54. 1940; Barnett, Trans.& Proc. Bot. Soc.<br />
Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis kerrii (Craib) Hu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst.<br />
Biol. 10: 106. 1940; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23: 505. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang &<br />
B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 391. 1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, (Kerr 550, type), Chiang<br />
Rai, Lampang, Phrae, Uttaradit, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN:<br />
Chaiyaphum. SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma, Indochina.<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, oak-deciduous dipterocarp forest, lower<br />
montane forest and deciduous dipterocarp forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 400–1250 m<br />
(usually 500–900 m). Flowering March–April, fruiting Jan.–Oct.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko aep (°àÕ·Õ∫), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), ko phae (°àÕ·æ–) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko aep<br />
(°àÕ·Õ∫), ko phae (°àÕ·æ–), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ)<br />
(Southwestern).<br />
Uses.— Barrels made from <strong>the</strong> wood <strong>of</strong> this species are occasionally used for<br />
fermenting alcoholic beverages.<br />
11. Quercus kingiana Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 472. 1911; Craib, Bull. Misc.<br />
Inform. Kew 1912: 200. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 945. 1930;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 31. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 330.<br />
1944; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23: 509. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, (Kerr 956, 1284 type), Chiang<br />
Rai, Nan, Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Nakhon Phanom; PENINSULAR:<br />
Trang.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma.<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, savannah forest, oak-pine forest and lower<br />
montane forest, on limestone and granite bedrock, alt. 500–2100 m (usually 700–1000 m).<br />
Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually Jan.–March), fruiting Jan.–Nov. (usually May–Oct.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko ngae (°àÕ·ß–), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), ko dam (°àÕ<br />
¥”), ko aep (°àÕ·Õ∫), ko maeng nun (°àÕ·¡ßπŸπ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko khi mu<br />
(°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), ko yuak (°àÕÀ¬«°) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
Uses.— Barrels made from <strong>the</strong> wood <strong>of</strong> this species are occasionally used for<br />
fermenting alcoholic beverages.<br />
12. Quercus lamellosa Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 29: 23. 1819; A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr.<br />
16(2): 101. 1864; Brandis, Indian Trees: 629. 1921; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 606. 1888;
142<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 255. 1940.— Quercus imbricata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr.<br />
Fl. Nepal.: 57. 1825.— Q. paucilamellosa A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 101.<br />
1864.— Cyclobalanopsis lamellosa (Sm.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren.<br />
Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866. Fig. 43.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai.<br />
Distribution.— India, Nepal (type), Bhutan, Myanma.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, on limestone bedrock, alt. 1500–1700 m.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko aep khao (°àÕ·Õ∫¢â“«) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
13. Quercus lanata Sm. in A.Rees. Cycl. 29: 27. 1819; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl.<br />
Indo-Chine 5: 943, f. 9. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 33. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc.<br />
Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 330. 1944; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23.4: 512. 1968.— Quercus<br />
lanuginosa D.Don (non. Franch.), Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 57. 1825; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India<br />
5: 603. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees: 626. 1921.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai.<br />
Distribution.— Nepal (type), Bhutan, Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Exposed ridges <strong>of</strong> lower montane forest, on limestone bedrock, alt. 1400–<br />
2200 m (usually 1800–2100 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Dec.); fruiting July–Nov.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko pha (°àÕº“), ko thao (°àÕ‡∑“), ko lanna (°àÕ≈â“ππ“) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
14. Quercus lenticellata Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 98. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel.<br />
Fag. Asia: 66. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.—<br />
Cyclobalanopsis lenticellata (Barnett) Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 508. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Put 3775, type), Lampang.<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest and lower montane forest, by streams on granite<br />
bedrock; alt. 880–1800 m. (usually 1000 m or more) Flowering May–Nov..<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ta khloi (°àÕµ“§≈Õ¬), ko lanna (°àÕ≈â“ππ“) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
15. Quercus lineata Blume, Bijdr.: 523. 1826; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 57. 1940. Soepadmo,<br />
Fl. Males. 7(2): 396. 1972.— Q. polyneura Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 11. 1851.— Q. lineata var.<br />
heterochroa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 855. 1856.— Q. oxyrhyncha Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste<br />
Bijv.: 347. 1861.— Cyclobalanopsis lineata (Blume) Qerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk<br />
Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 78. 1866.— Quercus lineata Blume var. hildebrandii<br />
King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 33, t. 26: 1. 1889; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 57.<br />
1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.— Q. hendersoniana<br />
A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl.. Hist. Nat., II, 4: 123. 1923; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 1: 210, t. 6.<br />
1938.— Q. chapensis Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 29 : 598. 1923
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 143<br />
Figure 43. Quercus lamellosa Sm.: A. twig, leaves and infructescence (Chaloenphol 17), A-1 mature<br />
acorn; B. & B-1 different leaf forms (Bunchuai 979).
144<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NORTHEASTERN:<br />
Loei; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat.<br />
Distribution.— India, Myanma, Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest and mixed deciduous forest,<br />
occasionally on limestone bedrock; alt. 500–2200 m (usually 1200–1500 m). Flowering Jan.–<br />
Nov., fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually May–Sept.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mok (°àÕÀ¡Õ°), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
16. Quercus mespilifolia Wall. ex A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 101. 1864; Kurz,<br />
Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 488. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit India 5: 605. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot.<br />
Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 35, t. 28. 1889; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 960.1930;<br />
Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 259. 1940.— Cylobalanopsis mespilifolia Qerst., Vidensk.<br />
Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866.; Hjelm., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23.4:<br />
506. 1968.— Quercus mespilifolioides A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 22: 66. 1935.<br />
KEY TO VARIETIES<br />
1. Leaves pubescent <strong>the</strong>n glabrescent on both surfaces, margin slightly serrate 16.1 var. mespilifolia<br />
1. Leaves pubescent <strong>the</strong>n glabrescent on <strong>the</strong> upper surface, and durable s<strong>of</strong>t grey hairy on lower surface,<br />
margin strongly serrate 16.2 var. pubescens<br />
var. mespilifolia Fig. 44.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phrae,<br />
Uttaradit, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima;<br />
SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Uthai Thani; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi.<br />
Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), Laos,Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, pine-oak forest and dry evergreen forest,<br />
on limestone and granite bedrock, alt. 200–1000 m (usually 700–1000 m). Flowering Feb.–<br />
Sept., fruiting Jan.–Sept..<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ngae (°àÕ·ß–), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko aep (°àÕ·Õ∫), ko dam (°àÕ¥”), ko ta<br />
mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko khaeng (°àÕ·¢Áß)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>astern), ko talup (°àÕµ≈—∫) (Southwestern).<br />
var. pubescens Barnett ex Smitinand & Phengklai, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 32: 119.<br />
2004.— Quercus kerrii Craib var. pubescens Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh<br />
34: 331. 1944. Fig. 45.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet (Kerr 6107, type);<br />
SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi.<br />
Distribution.— Endemic to <strong>Thailand</strong>.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 145<br />
Figure 44. Quercus mespilifolius Wall. ex A.DC. var. mespilifolius: A. male inflorescences (Suvanasudhi<br />
260), A-1 male flower cluster; B. female flower (Suvanasudhi 260); C. twig, leaves and<br />
infructescences (Phengklai et al. 6803), C-1 mature acorn.
146<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 45. Quercus mespilifolius Wall. ex A.DC. var. pubescens Barnett ex Smitinand & Phengklai: A.<br />
twig, leaves and infructescences, A-1 & A-2 detached leaf and leaf margin; B. acorn, side view,<br />
B-1 top view (enlarged) (Kerr 6107).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 147<br />
Ecology.— Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest and deciduous dipterocarp<br />
forest, on granite and limestone bedrock.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko kamphaeng (°àÕ°”·æß) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn), ko talup (°àÕµ≈—∫) (Southwestern).<br />
17. Quercus myrsinaefolius Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 305. 1851; Miq., Mus. Bot. 1: 117. 1851;<br />
Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson, 3: 236. 1917; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia:<br />
233. 1940.— Q. bambusifolia Fortune, Gard. Chron. 1860: 170. 1860.— Cyclobalanopsis<br />
myrsinaefolia (Blume) Oerst., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Math.<br />
Afd., V, 9:879. 1873; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China<br />
4: 398. 1999.— C. mysinaefolia (Blume) Schott., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 656. 1912; Hjelm,<br />
Dansk Bot. Ark., 23.4: 501. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN:<br />
Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL:<br />
Nakhon Nayok; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga.<br />
Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan (type).<br />
Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen forest and lowland<br />
evergreen forest, on sandy soils and granite bedrock, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams, alt. 50–900 m<br />
(usually 500–900 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Oct.–Dec.), fruiting March–Dec. (usually<br />
Aug.–Oct.).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko dang (°àÕ¥à“ß), tao pun nok (‡µâ“ªŸππ°), sae (· ), (Peninsular).<br />
18. Quercus sessilifolia Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 305. 1850.— Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia<br />
(Blume) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 652. 1912; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in<br />
C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 389. 1999.— Quercus nubium Hand.-Mazz, Anz. Akad.<br />
Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 59: 137. 1922.— Q. paucidentata Franch. ex Nakai, Bot.<br />
Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 583. 1926.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Trat.<br />
Distribution.— China (type) (isotype C).<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest on granite bedrock.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko chan (°àÕ®—π∑πå).<br />
19. Quercus oidocarpus Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 216, t. 47, fig. 18. 1844;<br />
King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 603. 1888; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine<br />
5: 952. 1930; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 373. 1967; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 64. 1940;<br />
Barnett, Trans.& Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944. Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 392.<br />
1972.— Cyclobalanopsis oidocarpa (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist.<br />
Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 78. 1866.— Quercus brevistyla A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France<br />
80: 353. 1933; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte. 1: 276, t. 17. 1938.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei;<br />
PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phattalung, Trang, Yala, Narathiwat.
148<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Distribution.— Myanma, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia (type).<br />
Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, lower montane forest, frequent on ridges <strong>of</strong><br />
granite bedrock, alt. 800–1700 m (usually 1200–1400 m). Flowering Dec., fruiting March–<br />
Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko muak (°àÕÀ¡«°) (Peninsular).<br />
20. Quercus oxyodon Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 114. 1864; A.DC. in A.P.de<br />
Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 98. 1864; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia.: 255. 1940.— Cyclobalanopsis<br />
oxyodon (Miq.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79.<br />
1866; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 391. 1999.—<br />
Quercus lineata Blume var. oxyodon (Miq.) Wenz., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 232.<br />
1886; King ex Hook.f., Brit. India 5: 605. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta): 33, t. 26.<br />
1889.— Q. lineata Blume var. grandifolia Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 517. 1889. Fig. 46.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN:<br />
Nakhon Ratchasima; PENINSULAR: Ranong.<br />
Distribution.— India (type), Nepal, Bhutan, Myanma, China.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest and evergreen forest on ridges, alt. 1800–2000 m.<br />
Flowering and fruiting March–Dec.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko luem (°àÕ‡≈◊ËÕ¡)<br />
(Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
21. Quercus poilanei Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 384. 1921; Hickel &<br />
A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 961. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 273. 1940;<br />
Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 169. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis poilanei<br />
(Hickel & A.Camus) Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 503. 1968. Fig. 47.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Oak-pine forest and dry upper mixed deciduous forest, frequent on<br />
ridges <strong>of</strong> granite bedrock, alt. 600–1400 m (usually 600–900 m). Flowering Feb.–April, fruiting<br />
Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–March).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko si siat (°àÕ ’‡ ’¬¥) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
Uses.— Bark chewed locally with betel nut.<br />
22. Quercus quangtriensis Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 32: 400. 1926;<br />
Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 949. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia:<br />
247. 1940.— Q. longistyla Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 100. 1938; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 75. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 332. 1944.— Q.<br />
wangsaiensis Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1938: 99. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia:<br />
68. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei,
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 149<br />
Figure 46. Quercus oxyodon Miq.: A. twig with leaves and infructescence (Smitinand 90-28); B. male<br />
inflorescences (Frh. H. 11133), B-1 male flower; C. female flower (Frh. H. 11133), C-1<br />
female flower.
150<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 47. Quercus poilanei Hickel & A.Camus: A.twig with leaves and infructescence (Smitinand et al.<br />
7579), A-1, A-2, A-3 acorns; B. male inflorescences (Smitinand 4391), B-1 male flower<br />
cluster, B-2 male flower.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 151<br />
Nakhon Phanom; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Lop Buri; SOUTHEASTERN:<br />
Rayong, Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forest and evergreen forest, by streams, alt.<br />
800–2500 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Feb.–April, fruiting Feb.–Nov.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko nuat maew (°àÕÀπ«¥·¡«), ko khwai siak (°àÕ§«“¬‡ ’¬°), (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern);<br />
ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ) (Peninsular).<br />
23. Quercus ramsbottomii A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 343. 1936; Barnett, Quer.<br />
Rel. Fag. Asia: 74. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 332. 1942.—<br />
Cyclobalanopsis ramsbottomii (A.Camus) Hjelmq., Dansk. Ark. 23: 502. 1968.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN:<br />
Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Rachasima; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; SOUTHWESTERN:<br />
Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachin Buri.<br />
Distribution.— Myanma (type).<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, mixed deciduous forest and<br />
savannah forest, <strong>of</strong>ten by streams on granite bedrock.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko talap (°àÕµ≈—∫) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn); ko aep (°àÕ·Õ∫), ko um (°àÕÕÿâ¡),<br />
ko daeng<br />
(°àÕ·¥ß), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ ÈÀ¡Ÿ) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko talap (°àÕµ≈—∫) (Central).<br />
24. Quercus rex Hemsl., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2663. 1899; Brandis, Indian Trees: 631.<br />
1921, Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 957. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag.<br />
Asia: 62. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh. 34: 331. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis<br />
rex (Hemsl.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 651. 1912; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol.<br />
in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 390. 1999.— Quercus fructiseptata A.Camus, Chênes,<br />
Atlas. 1: 22. 1934.— Cyclobalanopsis fructiseptata (A.Camus) Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark.<br />
23: 503. 1968.— Quercus dussaudii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 384. 1921;<br />
Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 953. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia:<br />
267. 1940.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Tak<br />
Distribution.— China (type), Myanma, Laos.<br />
Ecology.— Lower montane forest and evergreen forest, alt. 880–1600 m (usually<br />
1200–1600 m). Flowering March–Dec., fruiting July.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko plai chak (°àÕª≈“¬®—°), ko talap (°àÕµ≈—∫) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
25. Quercus saravanensis A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas. 1: 19. 1934; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang &<br />
B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 389. 1999.— Q. kontumensis A.Camus,<br />
Chênes, Atlas 1: 24. 1934.— Cyclobalanopsis kontumensis (A.Camus) Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei<br />
Jen., Acta Phytotax. Sin., 34: 339. 1996. Fig. 48.
152<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Figure 48. Quercus saravanensis A. Camus: A. twig with leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand 90-190),<br />
A-1 male flower clusters, A-2 different form <strong>of</strong> leaf (detached); B. infructescence (Smitinand<br />
90-195), B-1 mature acorn.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 153<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— SOUTHEASTERN: Prachin Buri.<br />
Distribution.— China, Laos (type), Vietnam.<br />
Ecology.— Dry evergreen forest, alt. 500–800 m. Flowering and fruiting July–Sept.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko kliang (°àÕ‡°≈’ Ȭß) (Sou<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
26. Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl.: 29: 20. 1819; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit.<br />
India 5: 601. 1888; Skan. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 520. 1899; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 41.<br />
1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang &<br />
B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 375. 1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai.<br />
Distribution.— Afghanistan, Bhuthan, India, Nepal (type), Pakistan, China.<br />
Ecology.— Exposed ridges <strong>of</strong> lower and upper montane forests, on limestone<br />
bedrock, alt. 1950–2200 m. Flowering May, fruiting April–July.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko chiangdao (°àÕ‡’¬ß¥“«).<br />
27. Quercus semiserrata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 641. 1832; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 488.<br />
1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 604. 1888; Paulsen, J. Bot. Tidssk. 24.3: 255. 1902;<br />
Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 472. 1911; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-<br />
Chine 5: 948. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 70. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc.<br />
Edinburgh 34: 332. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis semiserata (Roxb.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel.<br />
Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23.4: 501.<br />
1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 386. 1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae; NORTHEASTERN: Loei.<br />
SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga,<br />
Trang.<br />
Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), China, Malaysia.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest and lower montane forest, on granite, limestone<br />
or sandstone bedrock., on slopes <strong>of</strong> stream valleys, alt. 250–1800 m (usually 1200–1400 m).<br />
Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually March), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually May–June).<br />
Vernacular.— Ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn & Nor<strong>the</strong>astern); ko kra dum (°àÕ°√–¥ÿ¡)<br />
(Sou<strong>the</strong>astern); ko nua rew (°àÕ‡π◊ÈÕ√‘<br />
È«), tao pun nok khao (‡µâ“ªŸππ°‡¢“) (Peninsular).<br />
28. Quercus setulosa Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 29: 598. 1923; Barnett,<br />
Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 43. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944;<br />
C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 380. 1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum.<br />
Distribution.— Vietnam (type).<br />
Ecology.— Evergreen forest, savannah forest and oak forest, frequent on loamy<br />
soil by streams, alt. 600–1000 m. Flowering Jan.–May, fruiting Jan.–Nov. (usually May–<br />
Sept.).
154<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Vernacular.— Ko ta chi (°àÕµ“®’) (Nor<strong>the</strong>astern).<br />
29. Quercus vestita Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson, 3: 236. 1916; (except<br />
cited specimens); Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 60. 1940.— Q. velutina Lindl. ex Wall., Pl.<br />
Asiat. Rar. 2: 41, t. 150. 1831 (non Wall. Cat. 2768); Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 487. 1877; King<br />
ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 606. 1888; Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 202. 1916; Brandis,<br />
Indian Trees: 628. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 953. 1930.—<br />
Cyclobalanopsis velutina (Lindl.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren.<br />
Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Loei.<br />
Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), Laos.<br />
Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest and lower montane forest, in open galleries,<br />
on sandstone and granite bedrock, alt. 500–1750 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Feb.–<br />
Dec. (usually Nov.–Dec.), fruiting Feb.–Aug.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko aep (°àÕ·Õ∫), ko muak (°àÕÀ¡«°) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
4. TRIGONOBALANUS<br />
Forman, Taxon 11: 140. 1962; Forman, Kew Bull. 17: 387. 1964; Forman, Kew Bull. 21: 331.<br />
1967; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 398. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G.<br />
Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 115. 2000.— Formanodendron Nixon & Crepet, Amer. J.<br />
Bot. 46: 840. 1989.<br />
Evergreen tree. Branchlets initially densely fulvous adpressed-pubescent. Terminal<br />
buds ovoid, scales imbricate. Stipules extra- or interpetiolar, caducous. Leaves spirally<br />
arranged, entire. Inflorescences separate male and female or female below and male on <strong>the</strong><br />
upper part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same suberect spiklets, occasionally mixed. Male inflorescences simple or<br />
branched in <strong>the</strong> axil or upper leaf-scars or subterminal. Female androgynous or mixed<br />
inflorescences a simple, erect catkin, axillary. Male flowers usually in clusters <strong>of</strong> three or<br />
more, with one or more bracts; perianth campanulate, 6-lobed, free or minutely connate near<br />
base. Stamens 6, an<strong>the</strong>rs glabrous, basifixed, a cluster <strong>of</strong> minute erect hairs present instead<br />
<strong>of</strong> rudimentary ovary. Female flowers in clusters <strong>of</strong> 3 or more, bracts as male; perianth<br />
campanulate, with 6 imbricate lobes, <strong>the</strong> lower parts adnate to <strong>the</strong> ovary. Staminodes 6.<br />
Style 3 recurved or connate near base, stigma capitate. Cupule set in an irregularly saucershaped<br />
support, normally with 1–3 nuts. Fruits strongly longitudinally trigonous; scar<br />
present, visible.<br />
A genus <strong>of</strong> 3 species, scattered in South and Sou<strong>the</strong>ast Asia and South America.<br />
Among <strong>the</strong>se one species indigenous to <strong>Thailand</strong>.<br />
Trigonobalanus doichangensis (A.Camus) Forman, Kew Bull. 17: 387. 1964.— Quercus<br />
doichangensis A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 80: 355. 1933; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia:<br />
77. 1940.— Formanodendron doichangensis (A.Camus) Nixon & Crepet, Crepet, Amer. J.
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 155<br />
Bot. 76: 840. 1989; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4:<br />
370. 1999.<br />
<strong>Thailand</strong>.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son.<br />
Distribution.— China (Yunnan).<br />
Ecology.— Rare along ridges in lower montane forest, alt. 900–1600 m. Flowering<br />
and fruiting Dec.–Feb.<br />
Vernacular.— Ko doichang (°àÕ¥Õ¬â“ß), ko samliam (°àÕ “¡‡À≈’ ˬ¡) (Nor<strong>the</strong>rn).<br />
Note.— This species is rare and endangered. Both seed dispersal and seedling<br />
establishment are rare events; <strong>the</strong> acorns are readily damaged by fungi and insects.
156<br />
J. FAGACEAE<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
GENERA & SPECIES NUMBERS<br />
1. CASTANOPSIS (D. Don) Spach.<br />
1.1 C. acuminatissima (Blume) A. DC. 1.17 C. indica (Roxb.) A. DC.<br />
1.2 C. argentea (Blume) A. DC. 1.18 C. inermis (Lindl. ex Wall.) Benth. & Hook.f.<br />
1.3 C. argyrophylla King ex Hook.f. 1.19 C. lanceifolia (Roxb.) Hickel & A. Camus<br />
1.4 C. armata (Roxb.) Spach. 1.20 C. malaccensis Gamble<br />
1.5 C. brevispinula Hickel. & A. Camus 1.21 C. megacarpa Gamble<br />
1.6 C. calathiformis (Skan) Rehdr & Wilson 1.22 C. nephelioides King ex Hook.f.<br />
1.7 C. cerebrina (Hickel & A. Camus) Barnett 1.23 C. pierrei Hance<br />
1.8 C. costata (Blume) A. DC. 1.24 C. piriformis Hickel & A. Camus<br />
1.9 C. crassifolia Hickel & A. Camus 1.25 C. pseudohystrix Phengklai<br />
1.10 C. diversifolia (Kurz) King & Hook.f. 1.26 C. purpurea Barnett<br />
1.11 C. echidnocarpa (Hook. & Thom. ex A.DC.)1.27 C. rhamnifolia (Miq.) A. DC.<br />
A.DC. 1.28 C. rockii A. Camus<br />
1.12 C. ferox (Roxb.) Spach 1.29 C. schefferiana Hance<br />
1.13 C. fissa (Champ.) Rehder & Wilson 1.30 C. siamensis Duanmu<br />
1.14 C. fordii Hance 1.31 C. thaiensis Phengklai<br />
1.15 C. javanica (Blume) A. DC. 1.32 C. tribuloides (Smith) A. DC.<br />
1.16 C. hystrix (Hook.f. & Thom. ex Miq.) A. DC. 1.33 C. wallichii King & Hook.f.<br />
2. LITHOCARPUS Blume<br />
2.1 L. aggregatus Barnett 2.28 L. loratefolius Phengklai<br />
2.2 L. auriculatus (Hickel & A. Camus) Barnett 2.29 L. lucidus (Roxb.) Rehder<br />
2.3 L. bancanus (Scheff.) Rehder 2.30 L. macphailii (M.R. Hend.) Barnett<br />
2.4 L. bennettii (Miq.) Rehder 2.31 L. magneinii (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus<br />
2.5 L. blumeanus (Korth.) Rehder 2.32 L. magnificus (Brandis) A. Camus<br />
2.6 L. cantleyanus (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder 2.33 L. maingayi (Benth.) Rehder<br />
2.7 L. ceriferus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus 2.34 L. mekongensis (A. Camus) Huang & Y.T.<br />
Zhang<br />
2.8 L. clementianus (King ex Hook.f.) A. Camus 2.35 L. neorobinsonii (Ridl.) A. Camus<br />
2.9 L. craibianus Barnett 2.36 L. pattaniensis Barnett<br />
2.10 L. curtisii (King ex Hook.f.) A. Camus 2.37 L. pierrei (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus<br />
2.11 L. cyclophorus (Endl.) A. Camus 2.38 L. platycarpus (Blume) Rehder<br />
2.12 L. dealbatus (Hook.f. & Thom.) Rehder 2.39 L. polystachyus (Wall. ex A. DC. ) Rehder<br />
2.13 L. echinophorus (Hickel & A. Camus) 2.40 L. rassa (Miq.) Rehder<br />
A. Camus 2.41 L. recurvatus Barnett<br />
2.14 L. echinops Hjelmq. 2.42 L. reinwardtii (Korth.) A. Camus<br />
2.15 L. eichleri (Wenzing) A. Camus 2.43 L. revolutus Hatus. ex Soepadmo<br />
2.16 L. elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo 2.44 L. rufescens Barnett<br />
2.17 L. elephantum (Hance) A. Camus 2.45 L. scortechinii (King ex Hook.f.) A. Camus<br />
2.18 L. encleisacarpus (Korth.) A. Camus 2.46 L. siamensis A. Camus<br />
2.19 L. erythrocarpus (Ridl.) A. Camus 2.47 L. sootepensis (Craib) A. Camus<br />
2.20 L. eucalyptifolius (Hickel & A. Camus) 2.48 L. sundaicus (Blume) Rehder<br />
A. Camus 2.49 L. thomsonii (Miq.) Rehder<br />
2.21 L. falconeri (Kurz) Rehder 2.50 L. trachycarpus (Hickel & A. Camus) A.<br />
Camus<br />
2.22 L. fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehder 2.51 L. truncatus (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder &<br />
Wilson<br />
2.23 L. garrettianus (Craib) A. Camus 2.52 L. tubulosus (Hickel & A. Camus) A.Camus<br />
2.24 L. gracilis (Korth) Soepadmo 2.53 L. vestitus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus<br />
2.25 L. harmandianus (Hickel & A. Camus) 2.54 L. wallichianus (Lindl. ex Hance) Rehder<br />
A. Camus 2.55 L. wrayi (King) A. Camus
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 157<br />
2.26 L. hendersonianus A. Camus 2.56 L. xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr.<br />
2.27 L. lindleyanus (Wall. ex A. DC.) A. Camus<br />
3. QUERCUS L.<br />
3.1 Q. acutissimus Carruth. 3.16.1 Q. mespilifolius Wall. ex A. DC var.<br />
3.2.1 Q. aliena Blume subsp. aliena mespilifolius<br />
3.2.2 Q. aliena Blume subsp. griffithii 3.16.2 Q. mespilifolius Wall.ex A. DC.var. pubescens<br />
3.3 Q. augustinii Skan Barnett ex Smitinand & Phengklai<br />
3.4 Q. auricoma A. Camus 3.17 Q. myrsinaefolius Blume<br />
3.5 Q. austro-cochinchinensis Hickel & 3.18 Q. sessilifolia Blume<br />
A. Camus 3.19 Q. oidocarpus Korth.<br />
3.6 Q. brandisianus Kurz 3.20 Q. oxyodon Miq.<br />
3.7 Q. fleuryi Hickel & A. Camus 3.21 Q. poilanei (Hickel & A. Camus) Hjelmq.<br />
3.8 Q. franchetii Skan 3.22 Q. quangtriensis Hickel & A. Camus<br />
3.9 Q. helferianus A. DC. 3.23 Q. ramsbottomii A. Camus<br />
3.10 Q. kerrii Craib 3.24 Q. rex (Hemsl.) Schottky<br />
3.11 Q. kingianus Craib 3.25 Q. saravanensis A. Camus<br />
3.12 Q. lamellosa Sm. 3.26 Q. semecarpifolia Sm.<br />
3.13 Q. lanata Sm. 3.27 Q. semiserratus Roxb.<br />
3.14 Q. lenticellatus Barnett 3.28 Q. setulosus Hickel & A. Camus<br />
3.15 Q. lineatus Blume 3.29 Q. vestitus Rehder & Wilson<br />
4. TRIGONOBALANUS Forman<br />
4.1 T. doichangensis (A. Camus) Forman
158<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
INDEX TO COLLECTOR’S NUMBERS<br />
Abbe L.B. et al. 9159 : 1.33 (BKF); 9170 : 2.38 (BKF); 9182 : 2.16 (BKF); 9213 : 2.48 (BKF); 9217:<br />
2.21 (BKF); 9243 : 2.47 (BKF); 9244 : 2.12 (BKF); 9245 : 2.39 (BKF, C); 9250 : 2.39 (BKF);<br />
9251 : 2.39 (BKF); 9254 : 2.23 (BKF, C); 9258 : 2.27 (BKF); 9259 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 9260 : 2.51<br />
(BKF); 9280 : 3.9 (BKF); 9284 : 2.53 (BKF, C); 9287 : 1.32 (BKF); 9292 : 2.2 (BKF); 9293 : 2.1<br />
(BKF); 9300 : 3.6 (BKF); 9309 : 2.12 (BKF, C); 9319 : 3.9 (BKF, C); 9320 : 3.8 (BKF); 9321 :<br />
2.25 (BKF, C); 9323 : 2.9 (BKF); 9329 : 2.49 (BKF); 9330 : 3.6 (BKF, C); 9331 : 2.51 (BKF);<br />
9332 : 1.17 (BKF); 9337 : 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 9339 : 1.22 (BKF); 9341 : 2.49 (BKF); 9342 : 1.23<br />
(BKF); 9344 : 1.23 (BKF); 9353 : 2.25 (BKF); 9354 : 2.25 (BKF); 9355 : 2.25 (BKF); 9357 :<br />
2.29 (BKF); 9358 : 1.23 (BKF); 9362 : 2.41 (BKF); 9363 : 2.41 (BKF); 9368 : 2.6 (BKF); 9380:<br />
2.39 (BKF); 9382 : 1.32 (BKF); 9383 : 1.9 (BKF); 9387 : 2.49 (BKF); 9392 : 1.11 (BKF); 9393:<br />
2.39 (BKF); 9395 : 2.12 (BKF); 9397 : 2.12 (BKF); 9404 : 2.22 (BKF); 9405 : 2.51 (BKF);<br />
9410: 1.4 (BKF); 9414 : 3.1 (BKF); 9419 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 9423 : 3.23 (BKF); 9449 : 2.12 (BKF);<br />
9451 : 1.1(BKF); 9668 : 1.26 (BKF); 9669 : 2.16 (BKF); 9672 : 1.1 (BKF); 9673 : 1.22 (BKF);<br />
9674 : 1.33 (BKF); 9685 : 2.16 (BKF); 9686 : 2.48 (BKF); 9688 : 2.16 (BKF); 9689 : 1.33<br />
(BKF); 9691 : 2.21 (BKF); 9692 : 1.18 (BKF); 9693 : 2.55 (BKF); 9694 : 2.38 (BKF); 9695 :<br />
1.18 (BKF); 9696 : 2.55 (BKF); 9701 : 1.26 (BKF)<br />
Amphorn 5 : 1.32 (BKF); 38 : 3.2.1 (BKF)<br />
Anderson E.F. 5156 : 1.1 (BKF); 5199 : 2.23 (BKF); 5324 : 2.16 (BKF).<br />
Aow-u-dom Th. sn. : 2.29 (BKF).<br />
Baenziger H. 1248 : 3.24 (C).<br />
Beusekom C.F. et al. 235 : 2.41 (BKF, C. K. L) ; 278 : 2.12 (BKF, K); 318 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L);<br />
334 : 1.1 (BKF, L); 351 : 3.23 (C, K, L) ; 378 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, L); 419 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF, K,<br />
L); 594 : 2.48 (AAU, C, K, L); 916 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF, C. K. L) ; 992 : 2.40 (AAU, BKF, K, L);<br />
1085 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1099 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1166 : 3.34 (AAU, BKF,<br />
C, K, L); 1167 : 3.2.1 (BKF, L) ; 1198 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1251 : 1.12 (AAU, K, L);<br />
1253 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1264 : 2.9 (AAU, C, K, L); 1343 : 3.26 (AAU, BKF, C, K,<br />
L); 2334 : 2.22 (AAU, C, L); 2346 : 1.12 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 2500 : 2.34 (AAU, BKF, C, L);<br />
2608: 1.1 (BKF, L); 2967 : 1.32 (AAU, BKF, C,L) ; 2999 : 2.9 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 3026 : 3.9<br />
(AAU, BKF, C, L); 3076 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 3092 : 3.4 (AAU, C, L); 3093 : 2.9 (AAU, BKF,<br />
C, L); 3108 : 2.41 (AAU, BKF, L); 3198 : 2.42 (AAU, C, L); 3669 : 1.9 (BKF, C, K, L); 3677 :<br />
2.12 (BKF, C, K, L); 4298 : 2.9 (BKF, C, K, L); 4300 : 2.23 (BKF, C, K, L); 4348 : 3.4 (BKF, K,<br />
L); 4349 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 4393 : 3.28 (BKF, C, K, L); 4506 : 3.2.2 (BKF, C, K, L); 4539:<br />
2.12 (BKF, L); 4593 : 2.39 (C, K, L); 4802 : 1.1 (BKF, C, K, L); 4810 : 3.11 (BKF, C, K, L);<br />
4822: 4.1 (AAU, K, L); 4824 : 2.39 (BKF, C, L).<br />
BGO (QBG) 5028 : 2.27 (QBG); 5478 : 2.27 (QBG).<br />
Bhudhipap A. 746 : 3.22 (MAU).<br />
Bing-ting-ngon D. 36 : 3.7 (BKF).<br />
Bjørnland et al. 428 : 2.39 (BKF); 682 : 2.9 (BKF, C).<br />
Boonkongchart A. 182 : 3.22 (MAU).<br />
Boonkrong P. 14 : 2.8 (BKF).<br />
Boonnak 543 : 2.16 (BK).<br />
Boonyarattabhan A. 104 : 1.26 (BKF); 116 : 1.17 (BKF); 118 : 1.3 (BKF).<br />
Brockelman W.Y. 68 : 1.1 (MAU); 86 : 1.1 (MAU); 112 : 1.1 (MAU).<br />
Bunchu 755 : 2.16 (BK).<br />
Bunchuai K. 21 : 1.17 (BKF); 24 : 1.17 (BKF); 43 : 2.12 (BKF); 45 : 2.39 (BKF); 58 : 1.10 (BKF); 63<br />
: 2.16 (BKF); 73 : 2.25 (BKF); 77 : 3.11 (BKF); 102 : 1.32 (BKF); 102A : 1.5 (BKF, C); 108 :<br />
1.26 (BKF); 109 : 1.32 (BKF); 112 : 2.47 (BKF); 112A : 3.11 (BKF); 114 : 1.4 (BKF); 116 : 1.11<br />
(BKF); 134 : 2.51 (BKF); 142 : 2.51 (BKF); 149 : 1.26 (BKF); 150 : 3.10 (BKF, C, K); 152 : 2.39
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 159<br />
(BKF); 153 : 2.47 (BKF); 160 : 1.17 (BKF); 161 : 2.52 (BKF); 168 : 2.23 (BKF); 169 : 2.7 (AAU,<br />
BKF, C, K); 178 : 2.51 (BKF); 179 : 2.51 (BKF); 180 : 3.11 (BKF); 193 : 2.51 (BKF); 208 : 3.9<br />
(BKF); 213 : 3.11 (BKF); 214 : 3.11 (BKF); 230 : 2.27 (BKF); 265 : 3.11 (BKF); 266 : 2.39<br />
(BKF); 276 : 2.50 (BKF); 280 : 1.1 (BKF); 287 : 2.39 (BKF); 291 : 2.49 (BKF); 605 : 1.8 (BKF);<br />
607 : 1.4 (BKF); 629 : 1.10 (BKF, C); 631 : 2.9 (BKF, K); 633 : 2.39 (BKF, C); 634 : 2.47 (BKF);<br />
645 : 3.10 (BKF); 646 : 2.1 (BKF); 647 : 2.47 (BKF, K); 648 : 1.32 (BKF, C, K); 656 : 2.27<br />
(BKF); 657 : 3.11 (BKF); 658 : 3.10 (BKF, K); 622 : 1.12 (BKF); 666 : 1.1 (BKF); 672 : 2.47<br />
(BKF); 674 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 675 : 2.39 (BKF); 678 : 2.39 (BKF); 680 : 2.39 (BKF); 682 : 2.47<br />
(BKF); 684 : 2.23 (BKF); 685 : 2.23 (BKF); 689 : 1.11 (BKF); 691 : 2.39 (BKF); 965 : 2.12<br />
(BKF); 1244 : 2.7 (BKF, C, K); 1339 : 2.49 (BKF, C, K); 1348 : 2.22 (BKF, C, K); 1349 : 3.9<br />
(BKF, C, K); 1350 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1378 : 1.2 (BKF, C, K); 1385 : 1.17 (BKF, C, K);<br />
1387 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1389 : 1.26 (BKF, C); 1405 : 1.32 (BKF, C, K); 1441: 2.12 (BKF,<br />
K); 1442 : 2.16 (BKF, C, K); 1443 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C); 1449 : 1.3 (BKF, C, K); 1453 : 1.3 (BKF,<br />
C, K); 1462 : 2.47 (BKF, C); 1464 : 3.9 (BKF, C, K); 1466 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1473 : 3.4<br />
(AAU, BKF, C, K); 1507 : 2.41 (BKF, C, K); 1548 : 2.25 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1550 : 2.7 (BKF, K);<br />
1551 : 2.7 (BKF, C, K); 1552 : 2.25 (BKF, C, K); 1650 : 2.25 (BKF, C, K); 1667 : 2.25 (AAU,<br />
BKF, C, K); 1746 : 2.55 (BKF, K); 1749 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1750 : 2.55 (BKF, C, K); 1751<br />
: 2.55 (BKF, K); 1881 : 2.7 (BKF).<br />
Bunnab Ch. 82 : 1.18 (BKF); 118 : 2.52 (BKF); 192 : 1.33(BKF); 295 : 1.4 (BKF); 297 : 2.21 (BKF);<br />
.345 : 1.22 (BKF); 346 : 2.55 (BKF); 373 : 2.52 (BKF); 464 : 1.18 (BKF).<br />
Bunpheng D. 54 : 1.32; 92 : 251 (BKF); 302 : 2.51 (BKF); 310 : 3.22 (BKF); 312 : 3.22 (BKF); 373<br />
: 2.16 (BKF, K); 391 : 3.23 (BKF); 400 : 3.1 (BKF); 410 : 3.1 (BKF, K); 442 : 3.1 (BKF); 551<br />
: 3.2.2 (BKF); 596 : 1.1 (BKF); 630 : 2.23 (BKF); 632 : 1.32 (BKF); 641 : 3.23 (BKF); 667 :<br />
3.2.2 (BKF); 695 : 2.16 (BKF, BK); 703 : 2.16 (BKF); 802 : 3.23 (BKF); 827 : 1.11 (BKF); 870<br />
: 2.16 (BKF); 885 : 2.51 (BKF); 887 : 2.23 (BKF); 888 : 1.17 (BKF); 889 : 2.12 (BKF).<br />
Bunyaratthabhan A. 62 : 2.25 (BKF); 114 : 2.39 (BKF).<br />
Charoenchai P. 5 : 3.24 (MAU); 339 : 1.1 (MAU).<br />
Chaemchumroon V. 98-41 : 2.21 (BKF).<br />
Chaemchusri B. s.n. 1.13 (BKF).<br />
Chan-sa-nguan P. sn. : 3.16.1 (BKF); sn. : 1.32 (BKF); sn. : 2.16 (BKF).<br />
Chantaranothai P. et al. 90-166 : 3.4 (K); 90-224 : 3.6 (K); 991 : 2.16 (BKF, K); 1307 : 2.21 (K);<br />
1402 : 1.15 (K).<br />
Chanthanamuk A. 699 : 1.26 (BK); 709 : 1.5 (BK); 743 : 3.16.1 (BK); 744 : 2.25 (BK).<br />
Charoenphol Ch. 34 : 1.3 (BKF); 74 : 3.9 (BKF); 90 : 2.25 (BKF. C, K); 442 : 1.1 (BKF, C); 445 : 3.15<br />
(BKF, C, K); 485 : 2.34 (BKF); 493 : 3.27 (BKF); 4381 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF, K); 4799 : 3.4 (AAU,<br />
BKF).<br />
Chayamarit K. et al. 698 : 1.10 (BKF); 748 : 2.16 (BKF); 927 : 2.51 (BKF); 992 : 3.10 (BKF); 1001<br />
: 3.10 (BKF); 1366 : 3.23 (BKF); 1472 : 3.3 (BKF); 1583 : 3.10 (BKF); 1640 : 1.3 (BKF); 1641<br />
: 1.2 (BKF); 1643 : 1.3 (BKF); 1660 : 1.32 (BKF); 1662 : 2.16 (BKF); 1914 : 2.39 (BKF); 2971<br />
: 2.7 (BKF); 2985 : 2.12 (BKF).<br />
Chermsirivathana C. 499 : 3.16.1 (BK); 519 : 2.47 (BK); 841 : 2.9 (BK); 1104A : 2.9 (BK); 1409 :<br />
1.23 (BK); 1824 : 2.16 (BK); sn. (18-11-1968) : 2.16 (BK).<br />
Chingsoognoern P. sn. : 1.1 (BKF).<br />
Chintana N. 22 : 2.21 (BKF).<br />
Chitpong P. 218 : 2.25 (BK); 297 : 2.20 (BK); 457 : 2.16 (BK); 655 : 1.11 (BK); 758 : 1.9 (BK); 759<br />
: 2.23 (BK).<br />
Chob 24 : 1.10 (BKF).<br />
Chom 21 : 2.53 (BKF).<br />
Chongko S. 346 : 2.16 (MAU).
160<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Chu-ha-rue-tai I. 3 : 3.21 (BKF).<br />
Collin D.J. 805 : 2.25 (BK, K); 1076 : 2.25 (AAU, BKF, K); 1110 : 2.25 (BK); 1202 : 1.1 (K); 1209<br />
: 1.32 (BK, K); 1238 : 2.39 (K); 1960 : 2.25 (C, K); 2401 : 1.33 (K); 2453 : 1.33 (K).<br />
Congdon G. 540 : 2.16 (PSU); 751 : 1.20 (AAU, PSU).<br />
Curtis 1677 : 2.21 (K).<br />
Decha-gai-saya T. 7 : 2.21 (BKF).<br />
Duang-jai S. et al. 10 : 2.6 (BKF); 11 : 1.33 (BKF); sn. (-2-2002) : 1.8 (BKF); sn. (-2-2002) : 1.8<br />
(BKF).<br />
Eiadthong W. 3 : 1.12 (BKF); 4 : 1.10 (BKF); 5 : 2.38 (BKF); 6 : 2.47 (BKF); 6A : 2.47 (BKF); 6B : 2.47<br />
(BKF); 6C : 2.47 (BKF); 8 : 2.23 (BKF); 10 : 1.32 (BKF); 12 : 1.4 (BKF); sn. (BKF 97215) : 1.25<br />
(BKF).<br />
Floto F. 4766 : 2.22 (BKF); 7372 : 2.51 (BKF); 7466 : 2.22 (BKF); 7468 : 1.32 (BKF).<br />
Fukuoka N. et al. T-35004 : 2.20 (BKF); T-35047 : 2.53 (BKF); T-35179 : 1.1 (BKF); T-35180 : 3.6<br />
(BKF); T-35188 : 3.15 (BKF); T-35189 : 3.6 (BKF); T-35190 : 1.22 (BKF); T-35205 : 2.1<br />
(BKF); T-35412 : 2.16 (BKF); T-35413 : 2.16 (BKF); T-35550 : 1.9 (BKF); T-36221 : 2.51<br />
(BKF); T-4445 : 2.53 (BKF); T-62009 : 3.10 (BKF); T-62010 : 2.7 (BKF); T-62066 : 1.9 (BKF);<br />
T-62066A : 2.34 (BKF); T-62068 : 1.1 (BKF); T-62121 : 1.6 (BKF); T-62123 : 3.6 (BKF); T-<br />
62135 : 1.9 (BKF); T-62279 : 2.1 (BKF); T-62309 : 2.22 (BKF); T-62314 : 1.10 (BKF); T-<br />
62321 : 1.32 (BKF); T-62391 : 2.32 (BKF); T-62482 : 3.16.1 (BKF); T-62516 : 3.16.1 (BKF);<br />
T-63798 : 2.51 (BKF); T-63802 : 2.16 (BKF); T-63820 : 1.1 (BKF).<br />
Garrett H. B.G. 46 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, K); 98 : 2.23 (K); 550 : 3.7 (BKF); 588 : 3.24 (BKF); 685 : 1.10<br />
(BKF, C, K); 686 : 2.2 (BKF, C, K); 719 : 1.6 (C, K); 767 : 1.1 (BKF, K); 758 : 2.9 (BKF, C, K);<br />
850 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, K); 854 : 1.12 (BKF, K); 913 : 1.12 (BKF, C, K); 1116 : 3.27 (K); 1175<br />
: 3.9 (K).<br />
Geesink R. et al. 4882 : 2.21 (BKF, C, L); 4924 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 4996 : 1.33 (AAU, L);<br />
5008 : 2.42 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 5015 : 1.27 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 5298 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF, C, K,<br />
L); 5497 : 2.48 (AAU, L); 5497A : 1.3 ( BKF, C, K, L); 5623 : 1.22 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 5660 :<br />
2.16 (K, L); 5795 : 1.25 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 5802 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 5802 : 1.2 (AAU,<br />
BKF, C, L); 6066 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 6172 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 6207 : 1.12<br />
(AAU, C, L); 6302 : 2.48 (BKF, C, L); 6486 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 6553 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF,<br />
K, L); 6970 : 1.19 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 7022 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 7120 : 2.12 (AAU,<br />
BKF, C, K, L); 7156 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 7159 : 3.28 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 7249 : 1.18 (AAU,<br />
C, L); 7271 : 2.55 (AAU, BKF, L); 7414 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 7569 : 2.8 (AAU, BKF, C, K,<br />
L); 7670 : 2.45 (BKF, C, L); 8272 : 3.27 (BKF, L).<br />
Gongdon G. 525 : 2.21 (PSU).<br />
Gram K. et al. 49 : 3.9 (C); 82 : 2.39 (C); 122 : 3.6 (C); 135 : 3.10(C).<br />
Greijmans M. 44 : 2.12 (BKF); 48 : 2.16 (BKF); 49 : 1.24 (BKF); 95 : 2.7 (BKF); 96 : 1.26 (BKF); 97<br />
: 1.26 (BKF); 98 : 2.25 (BKF); 101 : 2.39 (BKF); 102 : 2.1 (BKF); 108 : 1.24 (BKF); 116 : 2.16<br />
(BKF).<br />
Hambhanon C. 152 : 2.16 (BKF); sn. : 2.16 (BKF).<br />
Hamilton C. et al. 217 : 2.16 (PSU).<br />
Haniff M. 362 : 1.2 (K); 2053 : 2.23 (K); 2705 : 1.3 (K); 4299 : 2.21 (K); sn. : 1.27 (BM).<br />
Hansen B. et al. 10863 : 2.2 (C); 10864 : 2.1 (BKF, C); 10867 : 2.1 (BKF, C); 10868 : 2.41 (BKF, C);<br />
10890 : 2.53 (BKF, C); 10891 : 2.14 (C); 10907 : 3.14 (BKF, C); 10917 : 2.1 (BKF, C); 10922<br />
: 2.1 (C); 10923 : 3.24 (BKF, C); 10944 : 2.16 (BKF, C); 10953 : 3.2.1 (BKF, C, K); 10999 : 3.6<br />
(BKF, K); 11053 : 3.11 (BKF, C); 11177 : 3.17 (C, K); 11188 : 2.49 (BKF, C); 11206 : 3.10 (C);<br />
11207 : 3.4 (C); 11220 : 1.1 (BKF, C); 11250 : 2.50 (BKF, C); 11273 : 2.23 (BKF, C); 11306 :<br />
2.25 (BKF, C, K); 11315 : 3.27 (C); 11900 : 3.27 (BKF); 11958 : 2.41 (BKF, C); 12132 : 2.46<br />
(BKF, C, K); 12410 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 12614 : 3.15 (AAU, BKF, C); 12615 : 3.15 (AAU, BKF,
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 161<br />
C, K); 12617 : 3.9 (K); 12638 : 2.22 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 12641 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 12667<br />
: 2.14 (C); 12691 : 2.16 (AAU, C, K); 12764 : 2.14 (BKF, C); 12774 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF, C); 12793<br />
: 3.3 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 12801 : 2.1 (BKF, C, K); 12828 : 3.15 (BKF, C); 12852 : 1.10 (AAU,<br />
BKF, C); 12853 : 1.1 (BKF, C, K); 12867 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF, C); 12876 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF, C, K);<br />
12879 : 1.4 (BKF, C, K); 12888 : 2.14 (BKF, C); 12889 : 1.2 (BKF); 12890 : 3.24 (BKF, C);<br />
12931 : 1.12 (BKF, C); 12968 : 2.49 (BKF, C); 12997 : 3.24 (BKF, C); 12999 : 3.22 (AAU, BKF,<br />
C, K).<br />
Hanuphakdi C. 100 : 2.29 (BKF); 255 : 2.42 (BKF); 344 : 2.18 (BKF); 344A : 2.18 (BKF).<br />
Hardial 594 : 2.20 (K).<br />
Hennipman E. 3287 : 3.13 (BKF, K, L).<br />
Hosseus C.C. 300 : 3.11 (BM, C, K); 307 : 1.1 (BM, K); 391a : 3.23 (C); 420 : 1.17 (K); 438 : 3.14<br />
(BM, K); 446 : 2.39 (K); 500 : 1.10 (BM, C, K); 625 : 2.27 (C, K).<br />
Iwatsuki K. et al. T-9357 : 2.27 (BKF, KYO); T-9358 : 1.10 (BKF, KYO); T-9452 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-9678 : 2.22 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Jackson J. K. 6049 : 2.27 (BKF); 6068 : 1.32 (BKF); 6094 : 2.27 (BKF); 6129 : 3.11 (BKF); 6187 :<br />
1.3 (BKF); 6190 : 3.16.1 (BKF).<br />
Jong-a-nurak T. 732 : 2.48 (BKF); 733 : 2.55 (BKF); 735 : 2.48 (BKF); 735A : 2.30 (BKF); 736 : 2.53<br />
(BKF); 737 : 2.18 (BKF); 738 : 1.8 (BKF); 739 : 1.33 (BKF); 742 : 2.54 (BKF); 743 : 2.46<br />
(BKF); 744 : 2.46 (BKF); 746 : 2.45 (BKF); 747 : 2.46 (BKF); 748 : 2.48 (BKF); 749 : 2.46<br />
(BKF); 750 : 2.42 (BKF); 752 : 2.42 (BKF); 752A : 2.42 (BKF); 752B : 2.42 (BKF); 753 : 2.42<br />
(BKF); 755 : 2.42 (BKF); 757 : 2.42 (BKF); 759 : 2.48 (BKF); 760 : 2.3 (BKF); 761 : 2.42<br />
(BKF); 765 : 2.42 (BKF); 770 : 2.54 (BKF); 772 : 2.48 (BKF); 773 : 2.54 (BKF); 774 : 2.18<br />
(BKF); 774A : 2.9 (BKF); 776 : 2.55 (BKF); 777 : 2.55 (BKF); 778 : 1.11 (BKF); 779 : 1.22<br />
(BKF); 780 : 1.22 (BKF); 781 : 3.15 (BKF); 782 : 1.23 (BKF); 783 : 2.48 (BKF); 784 : 1.18<br />
(BKF); 786 : 2.48 (BKF); 787 : 2.6 (BKF); 788 : 2.55 (BKF); 789 : 1.15 (BKF); 790 : 2.21<br />
(BKF); 791 : 2.21 (BKF); 792 : 1.33 (BKF); 793 : 1.33 (BKF); 794 : 1.33 (BKF); 795 : 1.33<br />
(BKF); 796 : 1.33 (BKF);<br />
Juengwirote P. sn. : 2.39 (BKF).<br />
Kerr A.F.G. 550 : 3.10 (BM); 550A : 3.10 (BM); 708 : 2.39 (BM, K); 780 : 2.47 (BM, K); 796 : 2.39<br />
(K); 817 : 1.1 (BM, C, K); 956 : 3.11 (BM, K); 1086 : 2.16 (K); 1086A : 2.16 (K); 1110 : 2.25<br />
(K); 1113 : 3.27 (K); 1163 : 2.27 (BM, C, K); 1185 : 2.23 (BM, K); 1185A : 2.23 (BM, K); 1191<br />
: 2.51 (K); 1261 : 2.49 (K); 1283 : 1.10 (K); 1284 : 3.11 (BM, K); 1285A : 2.51 (K); 1303 : 1.3<br />
(BM, K); 1312 : 2.47 (BM, C, K); 1320 : 2.9 (BM, K); 1520 : 1.17 (BM, K); 1644 : 3.27 (AAU,<br />
K); 1769 : 1.10 (BM, K); 1936 : 1.10 (K); 1965 : 2.27 (K); 2528 : 1.13 (BM, K); 2656 : 3.9 (BM,<br />
K); 2656A : 3.9 (K); 2679 : 3.11 (BM, K); 2702 : 1.3 (BM, K); 2880 : 3.8 (BM, K); 3099 : 2.49<br />
(BM, C, K); 3364 : 2.1 (BM); 3439 : 2.16 (BM, K); 3474 : 4.1 (BK); 4422 : 2.16 (BM); 4496 :<br />
1.17 (BK); 4508 : 3.6 (BK); 4560 : 3.6 (BK); 4683 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C); 4683A : 1.3 (K); 4713<br />
: 3.11 (BK, BM, K); 4758 : 1.10 (BK, BM, K); 4890 : 2.2 (C, K); 4896 : 1.17 (BM, C, K); 4927<br />
: 1.3 (BK, BM, K); 4933 : 2.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 4966 : 2.49 (BK, BM, C, K); 5152 : 1.10 (BK,<br />
BM, C, K); 5170 : 2.50 (BK, K); 5170A : 2.50 (BK, K); 5172 : 3.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 5172A : 3.6<br />
(BK); 5204 : 1.1 (BK); 5206 : 1.1 (BM, C, K); 5207 : 1.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 5213 : 1.17 (BK, BM,<br />
C, K); 5216 : 3.2.1 (BK, BM, K); 5217 : 1.1 (BK, BM, C, K); 5274 : 3.7 (BK); 5276 : 3.4 (C, K);<br />
5295 : 3.3 (BK, BM, K); 5301 : 2.1 (BM); 5303 : 2.1 (K); 5306 : 3.14 (BM, C, K); 5340 : 2.41<br />
(BK, BM, K); 5350 : 2.27 (BK, K); 5368 : 3.9 (BK, BM, K); 5382 : 3.15 (BK, C, K); 5383 : 3.15<br />
(BM); 5384 : 3.9 (BK, BM, K); 5391 : 1.6 (BK, BM, K); 5417 : 1.26 (BM); 5424 : 2.1 (BK, BM,<br />
K); 5469 : 3.6 (BK, BM, K); 5554 : 3.8 (BK, K); 5594 : 3.13 (BM, K); 5595 : 3.26 (BK, BM, C,<br />
K); 5758 : 2.2 (BK, C, K); 5807 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C, K); 5829 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 5834 : 2.55 (BK,<br />
C, K); 5928 : 2.16 (BK); 5928A : 2.16 (BK, C, K); 6071 : 2.18 (BK, BM, K); 6107 : 3.16.2 (BK,<br />
BM, K); 6211 : 1.2 (BK, BM, C, K); 6220 : 3.2.1 (BK, BM, K); 6223 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 6262<br />
: 1.4 (BK, BM, C); 6282 : 3.27 (BK, K); 6304 : 1.1 (BM, K); 6306 : 2.9 (BK); 6322 : 1.6 (BK,<br />
BM, K); 6353 : 2.22 (BK, C, K); 6430 : 1.9 (BK, BM, K); 6431 : 2.49 (BK); 6481 : 1.17 (BK,<br />
BM, C, K); 6483 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 6487 : 2.12 (BK, K); 6508 : 3.6 (BM, C, K); 6622 : 2.16<br />
(BK, K); 6644 : 3.13 (BK, BM, K); 6648 : 1.4 (BK, BM); 6661 : 1.11 (BK, BM, C); 6932 : 2.42
162<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
(BK, BM, C, K); 7218 : 2.44 (BK, K); 7229 : 2.21 (BK, K); 7229A : 2.21 (BK, K); 7311 : 2.16<br />
(BK, K); 7435 : 2.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 7464 : 2.18 (BK, BM, K); 7583 : 2.36 (BK, BM, K); 7597<br />
: 2.11 (AAU, BK, BM, K); 7626 : 1.9 (BK, K); 7635 : 2.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 7655 : 2.42 (BK,<br />
BM, K); 7678 : 2.48 (C, K); 7755 : 2.55 (K); 7774 : 2.48 (BK, C, K); 7777 : 2.45 (BKF, K); 7841<br />
: 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 7901 : 1.20 (BM); 7922 : 2.48 (K); 8248 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 8281 : 1.24 (BK,<br />
BM, C, K); 8306 : 2.49 (BK, BM, C, K); 8441 : 1.18 (BK, BM, C, K); 8599 : 3.10 (BK, BM, C,<br />
K); 8653 : 3.4 (BK); 8688 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 8691 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 8693 : 3.2.1 (BK, BM, C, K);<br />
8708 : 3.22 (BK, BM); 8741 : 3.1 (BK, BM, C, K); 8742 : 3.2.1 (BK, C, K); 8792 : 3.11 (BK, BM,<br />
K); 8794 : 3.9 (BK, BM, K); 8845 : 3.28 (BK, BM, C, K); 8892 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 9193 : 1.9 (BK,<br />
BM, C, K); 9291 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 9449 : 2.52 (BK, C, K); 9663 : 1.1 (BK, BM, C, K); 9804<br />
: 2.49 (BK, BM, C, K); 9853 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 9895 : 1.1 (BM, C, K); 10284 : 3.16.2 (BM, C, K);<br />
10361 : 2.54 (BK, BM, K); 10391 : 2.12 (BK); 10394 : 3.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 10417 : 2.51 (BK,<br />
BM); 10584 : 3.10 (BK, BM, K); 11658 : 1.33 (BK, BM, C, K); 11659 : 2.16 (BK, C, K); 11697<br />
: 2.55 (BK, C, K); 12069 : 2.22 (BK, C, K); 12136 : 1.33 (AAU, BK, BKF, BM, K); 12139 : 2.21<br />
(C, K); 12231 : 2.47 (BK, BM); 13239 : 2.15 (BK, K); 12242 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 13239 : 2.38<br />
(BM); 13306 : 1.2 (BK, BM); 13323 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 13372 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 13675 : 1.26<br />
(BK, BM, K); 13675A : 1.11 (K); 13817 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 14018 : 1.26 (BM); 14209 : 2.16<br />
(BK, BM, K); 14415 : 2.21 (BK, K); 14553 : 2.12 (BK, BM, K); 14566 : 2.55 (BK, BM, C, K);<br />
14642 : 1.26 (BM); 14685 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 14738 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 14743 : 1.24 (BK, BM,<br />
C, K); 14786 : 1.26 (BK, BM, K); 14983 : 2.45 (BKF, K); 15168 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 15175 : 1.23<br />
(BK, BM, C, K); 15531 : 2.40 (BK, BM, K); 15555 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 15634 : 2.55 (BK, K);<br />
15813 : 2.16 (BK, K); 15815 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 15861 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 15862 : 3.22 (BK, BM);<br />
15875 : 2.54 (BK, BM, K); 15883 : 2.18 (BK, BM, C, K); 15887 : 2.48 (BK, C, K); 16275 : 2.55<br />
(BK, BM, K); 16392 : 2.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 16401 : 3.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 16402 : 3.17 (BK, K);<br />
16430 : 2.26 (BK, BM, C, K); 16431 : 2.21 (BK, K); 16823 : 1.33 (BK, BM, C, K); 16830 : 2.55<br />
(BK, C, K); 16832 : 1.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 16969 : 2.35 (BK, BM, C, K); 16976 : 2.35 (BM, C,<br />
K); 17054 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 17059 : 2.38 (BK, BM, C, K); 17084 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C, K); 17109<br />
: 2.16 (BK, K); 17197 : 2.35 (BK, BM, C, K); 17334 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 17405 : 2.21 (BK, C, K);<br />
17452 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C, K); 17478 : 1.10 (BK, K); 17596 : 1.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 17733 : 2.1<br />
(BK, K); 17895 : 1.23 (BK, BM, K); 17897 : 2.42 (BK, BM, C, K); 17972 : 3.23 (BM); 18183<br />
: 1.11 (BK, BM, C, K); 18317 : 2.38 (BK, BM, C, K); 18321 : 2.21 (C, K); 18337 : 1.33 (BK, BM,<br />
C, K); 18395 : 1.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 18442 : 1.11 (BK); 18453 : 2.5 (BK, BM, C, K); 18502 :<br />
3.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 18553 : 2.16 (BK, K); 18560 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 18562 : 1.9 (BK, BM,<br />
C, K); 18829 : 2.3 (BK, C, K); 18953 : 2.16 (BK, BM); 18996 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 19010 : 1.9<br />
(BK, BM, C, K); 19011 : 1.26 (BM, C, K); 19013 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C, K); 19015 : 2.21 (BK, K);<br />
19188 : 2.18 (BK, BM); 19254 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 19784 : 1.24 (BK, BM, C, K); 20046 : 3.4<br />
(BK, BM, C, K); 20064 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 20072 : 2.39 (BK, BM, C, K); 20136 : 3.22 (BK, BM);<br />
20225 : 2.23 (BM, K); 20230 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 20235 : 1.17 (BK, BM, C, K); 20240 : 1.17 (BK,<br />
BM, C, K); 20242 : 3.8 (BM); 20664 : 2.12 (BK); 20666 : 3.10 (BM); 1 [20715 : 1.17 (BK, K);<br />
20954 : 1.19 (BK, BM); 20956 : 3.2.2 (BK, BM); 20992 : 2.16 (BK); 20993 : 1.6 (BKF); 21216<br />
: 2.4.1 (BK); 21277 : 3.5 (BK); 21311 : 1.17 (BK, K);] 21377 : 2.4 (BK, BM); 21440 : 2.16<br />
(BK); 21545 : 2.27 (BK); 2 [21624 : 2.6 (BK, BM); 21627 : 2.42 (BK, K);]<br />
The follow without numbers so code indate :- 11-3-1912 : 1.13 (C); 22-12-1920 : 1.1 (BK); 22-<br />
12-1920 : 1.1 (BK); 13-3-1921 : 3.6 (BK); 15-3-1921 : 3.6 (BK); 27-3-1921 : 2.53 (BM); 3-7-<br />
1922 : 3.16.1 (BK, BM); 4-7-1922 : 1.4 (BK); 4-7-1922 : 2.22 (BK); 5-7-1922 : 2.47 (BK); 17-<br />
7-1922 : 2.25 (BK), 27-3-1924 : 2.23 (BK); 30-3-1924 : 3.16.1 (BK).<br />
Kerr F.H.W. 31 : 1.1 (K); 35 : 1.1 (K); 71 : 2.27 (K); 72 : 2.27 (K); 110 : 2.47 (C, K); 117 : 3.10 (K);<br />
117A : 3.10 (K); 117B : 2.39 (C); 118 : 2.23 (K); 120 : 2.51 (K); 122 : 1.10 (K); 127 : 2.51<br />
(AAU, C); 127A : 2.51 (K); 140 : 2.9 (K); 149 : 2.39 (K); 149B : 3.11 (K); 159 : 2.51 (K); 160<br />
: 3.11 (K); 177 : 2.39 (K); 179 : 3.10 (K); 181 : 2.39 (K); 181A : 2.39 (K); 188A : 3.10 (K); 190B<br />
: 3.11 (C, K); 191A : 2.51 (K); 192A : 3.11 (K); 193A : 2.51 (K); 196A : 2.51 (K); 196B : 1.3 (K);<br />
196C : 1.3 (K); 196D : 2.51 (K); 225A : 2.16 (K); 226A : 2.39 (K); 226B : 2.51 (K); 226C : 1.1<br />
(K); 230A : 2.9 (K); 277A : 2.49 (K); 426 : 2.39 (K).<br />
1 [ ] = from Laos ; 2 [ ] = from Laos
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 163<br />
Kiah 24343 : 2.21 (K); 24373 : 3.19 (K).<br />
Kloss C.B. 6816 : 1.2 (K).<br />
Kok kamhaeng T. 20 : 3.10 (BKF).<br />
Konta F. et al. 3934 : 1.22 (BKF, NSMT); 3969 : 3.9 (BKF, NSMT); 3997 : 1.3 (BKF, NSMT); 4004<br />
: 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4023 : 1.2 (BKF, NSMT); 4192 : 1.3 (BKF, NSMT); 4282 : 2.31 (BKF,<br />
NSMT); 4284 : 1.2 (BKF, NSMT); 4294 : 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4448 : 2.11 (BKF, NSMT); 4450<br />
: 1.32 (BKF, NSMT); 4455 : 2.12 (BKF, NSMT); 4457 : 1.23 (BKF, NSMT); 4656 : 1.10 (BKF,<br />
NSMT); 4680 : 1.10 (BKF, NSMT); 4686 : 2.12 (BKF, NSMT); 4756 : 1.17 (BKF, NSMT); 4759<br />
: 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4760 : 3.16.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4763 : 1.2 (BKF, NSMT); 4784 : 1.32 (BKF,<br />
NSMT); 4787 : 3.16.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4793 : 1.23 (BKF, NSMT); 4801 : 2.12 (BKF, NSMT);<br />
4802 : 1.2 (BKF, NSMT); 4825 : 1.10 (BKF, NSMT); 4834 : 1.23 (BKF, NSMT); 4911 : 3.3<br />
(BKF, NSMT); 4928 : 3.13 (BKF, NSMT); 4969 : 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); T-49082 : 1.1 (BKF,<br />
NSMT); T-49090 : 2.20 (BKF, NSMT).<br />
Kosol 16 : 1.29. (BKF).<br />
Kosterman A. : 418 : 3.16.2 (BK, K); 865 : 2.16 (K).<br />
Koyama H. et al. T-15666 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-31380 : 2.50 (BKF, KYO); T-31454 : 3.2.2 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-31455 : 3.1 (BKF, KYO); T-31621 : 2.41 (BKF, KYO); T-32120 : 3.6 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
32799 : 2.54 (BKF, KYO); T-33541 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-33586 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-33588<br />
: 3.9 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-33865 : 2.9 (BKF, KYO); T-39005 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39006 : 2.1<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-39014 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39020 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39027 : 2.41 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-39042 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39061 : 1.11 (BKF, KYO); T-39073 : 1.6 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-39093 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-39105 : 2.50 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-39367 : 1.3 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-39368 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39372 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39373 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-39374 : 3.3 (BKF, KYO); T-39375 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-39376 : 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-39377<br />
: 2.31 (BKF, KYO); T-39380 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-39381 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-39412 : 1.8<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-39559 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-39561 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T-39562 : 1.12 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-39563 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39564 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39566 : 2.33 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-39588 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-39591 : 1.13 (BKF, KYO); T-39674 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
39675 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-39676 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39685 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-<br />
39686 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39901 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39903 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-48720 :<br />
3.1 (BKF, KYO); T-48918 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-48922 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-48932 : 2.53<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-48936 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T-48939 : 2.22 (BKF, KYO); T-48947 : 1.9 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-48962 : 1.19 (BKF, KYO); T-48969 : 1.19 (BKF, KYO); T-48988 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-48996 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-49503 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-49963 : 3.20 (BKF, KYO); T-49964<br />
: 2.49 (BKF, KYO); T-50112 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-50118 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-61904 : 2.47<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-61905 : 2.25 (BKF, KYO); T-61906 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Koyama T. et al. 15435 : 3.27 (AAU, BKF); 15466 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF); 15494 : 3.2.2 (AAU); 15666<br />
: 3.2.1 (AAU).<br />
Kumlen Y. sn. (QBG 11308) : 1.4 (QBG).<br />
Lakshnakara M.C. 616 : 2.48 (BK, C, K); 940 : 2.16 (BK); sn. (9-1-1922) : 2.51 (BK).<br />
Larsen K. et al. 92 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF); 97 : 1.1 (BKF, C); 109 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF); 315 : 2.20 (AAU);<br />
629 : 1.17 (AAU, BKF); 663 : 2.23 (AAU, BKF); 664 : 2.53 (AAU, BKF, C); 947 : 3.15 (AAU);<br />
974 : 2.53 (AAU, BKF, C); 984 : 3.23 (AAU, BKF); 1008 : 2.25 (AAU, BKF); 1009 : 1.1 (AAU);<br />
1015 : 2.22 (AAU); 1022 : 2.1 (AAU); 1877 : 1.1 (AAU); 1921 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, K); 1930 :<br />
1.25 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 2001 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF); 2003 : 2.27 (AAU, BKF, K); 2132 : 1.3<br />
(AAU, BKF, K); 2593 : 1.1 (AAU); 2771 : 3.10 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 2841 : 2.22 (AAU, BKF, K);<br />
2872 : 2.51 (AAU, BKF, C); 2842 : 2.2 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 3107 : 3.17 (AAU, BKF, K); 3606 :<br />
3.3 (AAU); 7092 : 3.27 (AAU); 8709 : 2.49 (C); 8801 : 2.39 (C); 9359 : 1.5 (C); 9411 : 2.30<br />
(BKF, C, K); 9738 : 1.23 (C); 9943 : 1.23 (BKF, C); 9970 : 1.24 (BKF, C); 10264 : 2.20 (AAU,<br />
BKF, C); 10282 : 3.17 (AAU, BKF); 30612 : 1.33 (AAU, BKF, K); 30697 : 2.29 (AAU); 30698<br />
: 2.8 (AAU); 30882 : 2.6 (AAU, BKF, K); 31207 : 1.29 (AAU, BKF); 31364 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF);<br />
31506 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, K); 31517 : 3.10 (AAU, BKF, K); 31609 : 3.28 (AAU, BKF, K); 31661
164<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
: 2.22 (BKF, C, K); 31822 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, C); 31849 : 3.11 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 31867 : 3.11<br />
(AAU, BKF, K); 32357 : 2.17 (AAU); 33549 : 2.55 (AAU, BKF); 33792 : 3.4 (AAU); 33946 :<br />
1.12 (AAU); 33949 : 1.12 (BKF); 34209 : 2.39 (AAU); 34239 : 1.4 (BKF); 40977 : 1.33 (AAU);<br />
41224 : 2.25 (AAU); 42733 : 1.15 (BKF); 42823 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF); 43502 : 2.37 (AAU, PSU);<br />
43543 : 1.9 (AAU); 43548 : 1.14 (AAU, BKF); 44319 : 1.31 (AAU, BKF); 44652 : 2.16 (AAU);<br />
44773 : 2.16 (AAU); 45693 : 2.52 (AAU, BKF); 45750 : 2.48 (QBG); 46249 : 2.7 (AAU);<br />
46490 : 1.17 (AAU); 46491 : 2.7 (AAU); 46557 : 2.16 (AAU); 46638 : 3.10 (AAU); 46948 :<br />
3.16.1 (AAU).<br />
Lekagul T. 92 : 1.17 (BKF).<br />
Lenkam Y. s.n. (QBG 11296) : 2.2 (BKF, QBG); s.n. (QBG 11302) : 1.4 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11305) : 2.12<br />
(QBG); s.n. (QBG 11306) : 1.1 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11307) : 2.47 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11309) : 1.3<br />
(QBG); s.n. (QBG 11311) : 2.51 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11312) : 1.31 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11316) : 1.1<br />
(QBG); s.n. (QBG 11317) : 1.1 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11319) : 2.16 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11322) : 1.4<br />
(QBG).<br />
Manyrak M. 2 : 2.7 (BKF).<br />
Marcan A. 1229 : 1.23 (BM. K); 1253 : 2.42 (BK, K); 2424 : 2.8 (K); 2531 : 1.24 (BM, K).<br />
Martin v.d. Bult 515 : 2.22 (BKF).<br />
Maxwell J.F. 71-264 : 1.23 (AAU, BK); 72-549 : 1.22 (BK); 72-579 : 2.48 (AAU); 73-379 : 2.48<br />
(AAU, BK); 74-379 : 2.39 (BK); 74-857 : 3.17 (AAU, BK); 74-858 : 2.49 (AAU, BK); 75-820<br />
: 2.54 (BK); 75-635 : 1.24 (AAU, BK); 75-664 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BK); 75-820 : 1.23 (AAU); 75-<br />
837 : 2.48 (AAU, BK); 75-976 : 1.24 (BK); 76-212 : 2.25 (AAU, BK); 76-488 : 1.24 (AAU,<br />
BK); 76-574 : 2.25 (AAU, BK); 84-172 : 1.29 (BKF, PSU); 84-407 : 2.18(BKF); 84-562 : 1.29<br />
(BKF, PSU); 85-229 : 1.29 (BKF, PSU); 85-624 : 1.29 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-671 : 2.30 (AAU,<br />
BKF, PSU); 85-747 : 1.8 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-860 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-914 : 2.3<br />
(PSU); 85-989 : 1.29 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-1089 : 2.16 (PSU); 86-22 : 1.23(AAU, BKF, PSU);<br />
86-74 : 2.55 (PSU); 86-226 : 2.55 (BKF); 86-545 : 1.8 (BKF, PSU); 86-560 : 1.8 (AAU, BKF,<br />
PSU); 86-649 : 2.8 (PSU); 86-742 : 1.8 (BKF, PSU); 86-1365 : 2.12 (BKF); 86-1385 : 3.11<br />
(BKF); 87-592 : 2.39 (BKF); 87-622 : 2.1 (BKF); 87-626 : 1.17 (BKF); 87-640 : 2.16 (BKF);<br />
87-854 : 3.10 (BKF); 87-658 : 2.23 (BKF); 87-947 : 2.27 (BKF); 87-924 : 1.32 (BKF); 87-941<br />
: 1.1 (BKF); 87-993 : 1.1 (BKF); 87-1010 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF); 87-1028 : 3.10 (BKF); 87-1030<br />
: 1.3 (BKF); 87-1050 : 1.17 (BKF); 87-1051 : 2.23 (BKF); 87-1052 : 2.47 (BKF); 87-1053 :<br />
2.47 (BKF); 87-1057 : 2.16 (BKF); 87-1068 : 1.1 (BKF); 87-1110 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF); 87-1651<br />
: 2.23 (AAU); 88-9 : 3.11 (AAU); 88-59 : 3.9 (BKF); 88-87 : 1.1 (BKF); 88-118 : 1.17 (BKF);<br />
88-180 : 1.10 (AAU; 88-329 : 3.16.1(AAU, BKF); 88-348 : 3.10 (BKF); 88-359 : 2.39 (BKF);<br />
88-416 : 2.16 (BKF); 88-543 : 3.10 (AAU); 88-660 : 3.9 (BKF); 88-667 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF); 88-<br />
684 : 1.12 (AAU, BKF); 88-687 : 2.39 (BKF); 88-687A : 1.2 (AAU); 88-708 : 1.2 (AAU, BKF);<br />
88-738 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF); 88-804 : 1.1 (BKF); 88-830 : 1.17 (AAU, BKF); 88-895 : 3.10<br />
(BKF); 88-952 : 3.9 (BKF); 88-980 : 3.11 (AAU, BKF); 88-1017 : 2.9 (AAU, BKF); 88-1058 :<br />
3.19 (AAU, BKF); 88-1064 : 3.10 (BKF); 88-1127 : 1.3 (BKF); 88-1278 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF);<br />
88-1384 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF); 88-1420 : 1.1 (BKF); 89-173 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 89-338 : 2.9 (BKF);<br />
89-596 : 2.27 (AAU, BKF); 89-611 : 3.27 (BKF); 90-1015 : 2.39 (AAU); 90-1058 : 2.51<br />
(AAU); 90-1062 : 1.12 (AAU); 90-1263 : 2.53 (AAU); 90-1293 : 3.11 (AAU); 91-24 : 1.1<br />
(AAU); 91-114 : 1.7 (AAU); 91-162 : 1.4 (AAU); 91-261 : 2.23 (AAU); 91-632 : 2.16 (AAU);<br />
91-641 : 3.11 (AAU); 91-724 : 2.22 (AAU); 92-44 : 2.16 (AAU); 92-591 : 1.7 (AAU); 92-845<br />
: 2.27 (AAU); 93-357 : 1.4 (BKF); 93-687 : 2.16 (BKF); 93-709 : 1.32 (BKF); 93-715 : 1.3<br />
(BKF); 93-789 : 3.11 (BKF); 93-956 : 2.16 (BKF); 93-998 : 1.3 (BKF); 93-999 : 1.10 (BKF);<br />
93-1000 : 2.9 (BKF); 93-1007 : 1.32 (BKF); 93-1116 : 2.22 (BKF); 93-1560 : 3.29 (BKF); 94-<br />
752 : 1.32 (BKF); 94-792 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 95-166 : 2.16 (BKF); 95-198 : 1.10 (BKF); 95-207 :<br />
2.2 (BKF); 95-211 : 1.10 (BKF); 95-226 : 3.21 (BKF); 95-227 : 3.27 (BKF); 95-340 : 1.25<br />
(BKF); 95-480 : 2.16 (BKF); 95-486 : 2.47 (BKF); 95-610 : 1.32 (BKF); 95-782 : 1.11 (BKF);<br />
95-896 : 1.3 (BKF); 95-918 : 2.16 (BKF); 95-1061 : 2.16 (BKF); 95-1233 : 3.6 (BKF); 96-1 :<br />
1.3 (BKF); 96-121 : 3.29 (BKF); 96-171 : 3.29 (BKF); 96-257 : 1.17 (BKF); 96-414 : 2.2 (BKF);<br />
96-448 : 2.16 (BKF); 96-582 : 1.7 (BKF); 96-695 : 2.39 (BKF); 96-731 : 1.32 (BKF); 96-809<br />
: 3.11 (BKF); 96-810 : 1.3 (BKF); 96-812 : 3.29 (BKF); 96-868 : 1.3 (BKF); 96-1033 : 3.10
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 165<br />
(BKF); 96-1048 : 3.11 (BKF); 96-1173 : 2.16 (BKF); 96-1177 : 3.10 (BKF); 96-1206 : 3.16.1<br />
(BKF); 96-1252 : 2.51 (BKF); 96-1457 : 1.32 (BKF); 96-1459 : 3.14 (BKF); 96-1631 : 2.2<br />
(BKF); 97-93 : 2.34 (BKF); 97-153 : 3.29 (BKF); 97-174 : 1.1 (BKF); 97-259 : 3.10 (BKF); 97-<br />
329 : 1.4 (BKF); 97-352 : 1.17 (BKF); 97-525 : 2.16 (BKF); 97-548 : 1.32 (BKF); 97-564 : 1.32<br />
(BKF); 97-637 : 1.3 (BKF); 97-666 : 1.7 (BKF); 97-723 : 1.3 (BKF); 97-1006 : 2.22 (BKF); 97-<br />
1270 : 1.11 (BKF); 97-1292 : 1.3 (BKF); 97-1352 : 2.39 (BKF); 97-1384 : 3.14 (BKF); 97-1455<br />
: 1.7 (BKF); 97-1498 : 3.29 (BKF); 97-1520 : 3.29 (BKF); 97-1555 : 2.16 (BKF); 98-14 : 1.4<br />
(BKF); 98-401 : 3.10 (BKF); 98-410 : 1.10 (BKF); 98-621 : 1.2 (BKF); 98-645 : 2.16 (BKF);<br />
98-666 : 1.32 (BKF); 98-716 : 2.22 (BKF); 01-126 : 2.16 (BKF); 01-371 : 1.1 (MAU); 02-15 :<br />
3.22 (MAU); 02-209 : 3.17 (MAU).<br />
Middleton D.J. et al. 1397 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF); 1569 : 2.23 (BKF); 1666 : 2.53 (AAU, BKF); 1790<br />
: 1.9 (BKF); 2005 : 2.40 (BKF); s.n. (30-3-2003) : 1.4 (BKF); s.n. (30-3-2003) : 2.47 (BKF).<br />
Mitsuta S. et al. T-40364 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-42295 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-42335 : 2.12<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-42336 : 3.23 (BKF, KYO); T-42337 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-42340 : 2.9 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-43152 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-43162 : 3.4 (BKF, KYO); T-43166 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
44244 : 3.3 (BKF, KYO); T-44257 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO); T-45376 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-46446 :<br />
1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-46447 : 3.24 (BKF, KYO); T-46449 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-46467 : 1.4<br />
(AAU, BKF, KYO); T-46481 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-46482 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-46498<br />
: 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-47531 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-47537 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-<br />
47539 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-47541 : 3.14 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Monakot 18 : 2.16 (QRG); 54 : 1.3 (QBG); 59 : 1.11 (QBG).<br />
Murata G. et al. T-38456 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-40175 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-40189 : 3.19 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-40197 : 3.2.2 (BKF, KYO); T-40241 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-40494 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-40498 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-40499 : 1.32 (BKF, KYO); T-41504 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
41508 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-41639 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-41758 : 2.25 (BKF, KYO); T-41763<br />
: 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-42568 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-42794 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-42848 : 3.3<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-42873 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-42915 : 2.50 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-42925 : 2.16<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-42926 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-43006 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-43007 : 1.4 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-43008 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-43011 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-43012 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-43014 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO); T-43125 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-43126 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
49632 : 1.27 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-50127 : 2.23 (BKF, KYO); T-50133 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
50640 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-50694 : 1.3 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-50702 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-50743 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-50784 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-51145 : 1.9 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
51360 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-51491 : 2.23 (BKF, KYO); T-51567 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-51571<br />
: 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-51616 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-51712 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-51714 : 3.11<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-51716 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-51733 : 3.16.1 (BKF, KYO); T-52125 : 2.16 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-52535 : 3.17 (BKF, KYO); T-79053 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Nagamasu H. et al. T-49942 : 2.23 (BKF, KYO); T-49946 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-49948 : 3.23 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-49950 : 3.19 (BKF, KYO); T-49951 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-49954 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-49956 : 3.19 (BKF, KYO); T-50090 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-50096 : 2.9 (BKF, KYO); T-50097<br />
: 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-50103 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Nakkan D. 6 : 2.50 (BKF); 13 : 1.32 (BKF); 29 : 2.7 (BKF); 59 : 1.9 (BKF); 73 : 2.50 (BKF); 74 : 1.32<br />
(BKF); 93 : 3.23 (BKF); 144 : 2.50 (BKF); 152 : 2.7 (BKF); 159 : 1.3 (BKF); 178 : 3.23 (BKF);<br />
218 : 2.25 (BKF); 294 : 2.21 (BKF); 334 : 1.18 (BKF).<br />
Nalampoon A. 12 : 2.25 (BKF); 12A : 2.16 (BKF).<br />
Nanakorn W. et al. 4 : 2.49 (QBG); 16 : 1.11 (QBG); 45 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 61 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 62<br />
: 2.47 (BKF, QBG); 80 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 87 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 386 : 2.22 (AAU); 505 : 2.22<br />
(BKF, QBG); 508 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 736 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 811 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 838 : 3.27<br />
(BKF, QBG); 846 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 1025 : 3.5 (AAU); 1026 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 1239 : 1.1<br />
(BKF, QBG); 1265 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 1375 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 1376 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 1380 :<br />
2.7 (BKF, QBG); 1507 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 1819 : 1.32 (BKF, QBG); 1841 : 2.47 (BKF, QBG);<br />
1876 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 1988 : 3.12 (BKF, QBG); 2001 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 2463 : 3.23 (BKF,<br />
QBG); 2583 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 2847 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 2860 : 3.23 (BKF, QBG); 2862 : 1.1
166<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
(BKF, QBG); 2929 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 4203 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 4204 : 1.11 (QBG); 4287 : 1.3<br />
(BKF, QBG); 4288 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 4325 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 4354 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 4508 :<br />
2.16 (BKF, QBG); 4762 : 3.16.1 (BKF, QBG); 4785 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 5011 : 2.53 (BKF, QBG);<br />
5101 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 5221 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5353 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5420 : 2.23 (BKF,<br />
QBG); 5487 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5549 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5567 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5694 : 3.6 (BKF,<br />
QBG); 5745 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 5793 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 5824 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5827 : 1.1<br />
(QBG); 5832 : 2.34 (BKF, QBG); 5847 : 1.1 (QBG); 5984 : 1.10 (QBG); 5969 : 3.21 (BKF, QBG);<br />
6022 : 2.25 (BKF, QBG); 6084 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 6172 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 6195 : 2.56 (QBG);<br />
6226 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 6242 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 6243 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 6345 : 1.4 (BKF,<br />
QBG); 6401 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 6551 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 6553 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 6554 : 3.9<br />
(QBG); 6581 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 6583 : 1.10 (BKF, QBG); 6664 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 6667 : 3.9<br />
(BKF, QBG); 6699 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 6740 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 6765 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 6768<br />
: 2.27 (QBG); 6923 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 6985 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 7005 : 2.47 (BKF, QBG); 7011<br />
: 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 7038 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 7046 : 2.47 (BKF, QBG); 7063 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG);<br />
7071 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 7156 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 7316 : 1.18 (BKF, QBG); 7980 : 2.16 (BKF,<br />
QBG); 7982 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 8193 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 8233 : 2.49 (BKF, QBG); 8507 : 1.11<br />
(BKF, QBG); 8650 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 8717 : 2.2 (BKF, QBG); 8967 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 9321 :<br />
1.17 (BKF, QBG); 9430 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 9431 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 9432 : 3.26 (BKF, QBG);<br />
9434 : 3.26 (BKF, QBG); 9527 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 9547 : 2.51 (BKF, QBG); 9564 : 2.47 (BKF,<br />
QBG); 9953 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 9954 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 10097 : 2.49 (QBG); 10193 : 3.9 (BKF,<br />
QBG); 10283 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 10879 : 3.11 (QBG); 14854 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 15701 : 1.32<br />
(BKF, QBG); s.n. (21-9-1931) : 2.8 (BKF, QBG).<br />
Nilphanit S. 6 : 3.17 (BKF); 21 : 1.17 (BKF); 27 : 3.23 (BKF); 28 : 2.41 (BKF); 32 : 2.50 (BKF); 34<br />
: 2.39 (BKF); 40 : 2.25 (BKF); 42 : 1.3 (BKF); 43 : 3.16.1 (BKF).<br />
Nilviset Ch. 1 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 1a : 2.25 (BKF); 3 : 3.1 (BKF); 4 : 3.23 (BKF); 5 : 1.4 (BKF); 8 : 1.32<br />
(BKF); 10 : 2.51 (BKF); 12 : 2.25 (BKF); 24 : 2.25 (BKF); 42 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 46 : 3.16.1 (BKF);<br />
48 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 50 : 3.10 (BKF); 51 : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (-1-1-1954) : 3.10 (BKF).<br />
Nimanong B. et al. 4 : 1.6 (BKF); 44 : 2.16 (BKF, C, K); 165 : 2.39 (BKF, C); 166 : 1.7 (BKF, C); 268<br />
: 3.19 (BKF, C); 815 : 3.10 (BKF); 1225 : 2.36 (BKF); 1727 : 2.27 (BKF, PSU); 1759 : 1.7 (BKF,<br />
PSU); 1762 : 1.10 (BKF, PSU); 1861 : 1.10 (BKF).<br />
Nitrasirilak P. et al. 411 : 1.29 (BKF); 429 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 430 : 2.19 (BKF).<br />
Niyomdham C. et al. 129 : 2.27 (AAU, BKF, PSU, K); 290 : 2.54 (AAU, BKF); 366 : 1.10 (BKF); 375<br />
: 1.10 (BKF); 522 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, C); 523 : 3.23 (BKF); 719 : 2.21 (BKF, C); 905 : 3.16.1<br />
(BKF); 930 : 2.4 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 987 : 1.22 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1038 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 1201<br />
: 2.4(AAU, BKF, C, K); 1234 : 2.18 (BKF); 2123 : 2.21(BKF); 2141 : 2.21(BKF); 2358 :<br />
2.54(BKF); 2914 : 1.9(AAU, BKF, QBG, PSU); 3067 : 2.29(BKF); 3073 : 2.50 (BKF); 3074 : 2.6<br />
(BKF); 3082 : 1.3 (AAU, BKF); 3096 : 2.33 (BKF); 3149 : 2.3 (AAU, BKF); 4067 : 2.54 (BKF);<br />
4718 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF); 4739 : 1.29 (BKF); 4784 : 2.6 (AAU, BKF); 4825 : 1.21 (AAU, BKF);<br />
4914 : 1.23 (BKF); 5050 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF); 5069 : 1.23 (AAU, BKF); 5070 : 2.22 (AAU,<br />
BKF); 6140 : 1.27 (BKF); 6141 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF); 6206 : 2.22 (BKF); 6207 : 2.21 (BKF); 6208<br />
: 2.16 (BKF); 6345 : 2.3 (AAU, BKF); s.n. (18-6-1992) : 1.1 (BKF); s.n. : 2.6 (BKF).<br />
Noe 42 : 2.42 (BK, K); s.n. (20-9-1921) : 1.1 (BK); s.n. (13-10-1921) : 1.26 (BK).<br />
Nooteboom H. P. et al. 881 : 2.47 (BKF, C).<br />
Norsaeng sri M. 1046 : 2.55 (BKF, QBG); 1047 : 2.49 (BKF, QBG); 1048 : 3.23 (BKF, QBG); 1230 :<br />
3.6 (BKF, QBG); 1231 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG).<br />
Nur s.n. : 1.29 (BM)<br />
Phattarahirankanok K. 121 : 2.49 (BKF).<br />
Phengklai C. et al. 103 : 2.16 (BKF, C, K); 178 : 2.49 (BKF); 211 : 2.39 (BKF); 423 : 2.20(BKF, K);<br />
425 : 2.16 (BKF, K); 461 : 2.49 (BKF, C, K); 526 : 2.20 (BKF, C, K); 560 : 3.4 (BKF, C, K); 676<br />
: 1.1 (BKF, C, K); 697 : 3.4 (BKF, C, K); 909 : 2.25 (BKF); 1122 : 2.21 (BKF); 1955 : 2.25<br />
(BKF); 2961 : 3.16.2 (AAU, BKF, C); 2967 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 3027 : 1.5 (AAU, BKF,<br />
C); 3291 : 1.1 (BKF, PSU); 4052 : 1.2 (BKF, C); 4062 : 1.17 (BKF); 4075 : 1.4 (BKF, C); 4184
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 167<br />
: 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 4185 : 2.27 (BKF); 6031 : 1.4 (BKF); 6100 : 1.10 (BKF); 6155 : 2.12 (BKF);<br />
6155A : 2.51 (BKF); 6156 : 2.23 (BKF); 6157 : 1.28 (BKF); 6194 : 3.15 (BKF); 6232 : 3.24<br />
(BKF); 6244 : 2.23 (BKF); 6309 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C); 6613 : 1.2 (BKF); 6673 : 3.11 (BKF, K);<br />
6797 : 3.9 (BKF); 6798 : 2.22 (BKF, C, K); 6799 : 3.4 (BKF, C); 6800 : 3.6 (BKF); 6801 : 2.47<br />
(BKF); 6802 : 3.11 (BKF, C, K); 6803 : 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 6852 : 1.3 (BKF); 6883 : 3.16.1 (BKF);<br />
6884 : 1.10 (BKF, K); 6887 : 2.39 (BKF, C, K); 6901 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 6984 : 3.14<br />
(BKF); 6985 : 3.14 (BKF); 6986 : 1.4 (BKF); 6987 : 1.32 (BKF, C); 7038 : 1.12 (BKF); 7039 :<br />
1.7 (BKF); 7040 : 3.3 (BKF); 7068 : 2.47 (BKF); 7092 : 3.15 (BKF); 7110 : 2.25 (BKF); 7114<br />
: 2.47 (BKF); 7157 : 2.47 (BKF); 7163 : 2.47 (BKF); 7164 : 2.1 (BKF); 7196 : 1.12 (BKF); 7200<br />
: 1.12 (BKF); 7201 : 1.12 (BKF); 7202 : 1.12 (BKF); 7224 : 2.39 (BKF); 67234 : 3.16.1 (BKF,<br />
C, K); 7247 : 2.47 (BKF); 7305 : 2.1 (BKF); 7324 : 2.1 (BKF); 7326 : 1.3 (BKF); 7357 : 2.16<br />
(BKF); 7423 : 1.10 (BKF); 7473 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 7638 : 2.26 (BKF); 10076 : 2.22 (BKF); 10860<br />
: 1.3 (BKF); 10869 : 1.2 (BKF); 10946 : 1.3 (BKF); 11043 : 1.1 (BKF); 11293 : 1.2 (BKF);<br />
11300 : 1.10 (BKF); 11311 : 2.41 (BKF); 11342 : 1.1 (BKF); 11355 : 1.17 (BKF); 11358 : 1.1<br />
(BKF); 11367 : 1.10 (BKF); 11370 : 1.1 (BKF); 11442 : 1.1 (BKF); 12298 : 3.8 (BKF); 12300<br />
: 2.25 (BKF); 12301 : 2.7 (BKF); 13038 : 2.49 (BKF); 13086 : 2.22 (BKF); 13102 : 2.49 (BKF);<br />
13162 : 2.49 (BKF); 13342 : 1.23 (BKF); 13480 : 2.42 (BKF); s.n. : 3.11 (BKF).<br />
Phengnaren S. 12 : 2.16 (BKF); 203 : 1.1 (BKF); 207 : 1.26 (BKF); 284 : 2.25 (BKF); 350 : 2.16<br />
(BKF); 387 : 2.16 (BKF, K); 420 : 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 427 : 2.16 (BKF); 510 : 2.16 (BKF, C, K);<br />
533 : 2.25 (BKF); 585 : 1.24 (BKF); 700 : 3.10 (BKF, C); 832 : 3.16.1 (BKF); s.n. (11-8-1968)<br />
: 2.47 (BKF); s.n. (12-8-1968) : 1.12 (BKF); s.n. (13-8-1968) : 2.38 (BKF).<br />
Phonsena P. et al. 2659 : 2.49 (BKF); 3391 : 2.20 (BKF); 3393 : 2.20 (BKF); 3396 : 2.20 (BKF);<br />
3411 : 2.20 (BKF); 3414 : 1.24 (BKF); 3430 : 1.24 (BKF); 3458 : 2.49 (BKF); 3483 : 2.49<br />
(BKF); 3484 : 3.22 (BKF); 3485 : 2.16 (BKF); 3486 : 2.16 (BKF); 3492 : 2.49 (BKF); 3493 :<br />
2.49 (BKF); 3494 : 2.49 (BKF); 3495 : 2.49 (BKF); 3497 : 2.49 (BKF); 3552 : 1.25 (BKF); 3553<br />
: 1.1 (BKF); 3556 : 3.23 (BKF); 3557 : 3.23 (BKF); 3558 : 3.23 (BKF); 3561 : 2.20 (BKF); 3562<br />
: 2.49 (BKF); 3563 : 2.49 (BKF); 3564 : 2.20 (BKF); 3565 : 2.20 (BKF); 3566 : 2.20 (BKF);<br />
3568 : 2.49 (BKF); 3569 : 2.49 (BKF); 3570 : 2.49 (BKF); 3571 : 2.49 (BKF); 3581 : 1.1 (BKF);<br />
3582 : 1.9 (BKF); 3584 : 1.1 (BKF); 3587 : 2.20 (BKF); 3598 : 2.49 (BKF); 3599 : 3.22 (BKF);<br />
3600 : 3.22 (BKF); 3613 : 3.22 (BKF); 3616 : 3.22 (BKF); 3617 : 2.49 (BKF); 3618 : 2.16<br />
(BKF); 3620 : 2.49 (BKF); 3621 : 2.49 (BKF); 3626 : 2.16 (BKF); 3640 : 3.22 (BKF); 3641 :<br />
2.16 (BKF); 3642 : 2.49 (BKF); 3643 : 3.22 (BKF); 3644 : 2.49 (BKF); 3645 : 3.22 (BKF); 3646<br />
: 2.16 (BKF); 3647 : 3.22 (BKF); 3648 : 2.49 (BKF); 3649 : 2.16 (BKF); 3650 : 2.16 (BKF);<br />
3651 : 2.16 (BKF); 3652 : 2.16 (BKF); 3653 : 2.16 (BKF); 3654 : 2.16 (BKF); 3656 : 3.22<br />
(BKF); 3657 : 3.22 (BKF); 3658 : 2.16 (BKF); 3661 : 2.16 (BKF); 3662 : 2.25 (BKF); 3663 :<br />
2.20 (BKF); 3666 : 3.23 (BKF); 3668 : 2.20 (BKF); 3669 : 2.20 (BKF); 3673 : 2.25 (BKF); 3674<br />
: 2.20 (BKF); 3676 : 1.1 (BKF); 3677 : 3.22 (BKF); 3678 : 2.20 (BKF); 3726 : 2.49 (BKF); 3727<br />
: 2.49 (BKF); 3728 : 2.49 (BKF); 3729 : 2.49 (BKF); 3731 : 2.49 (BKF); 3733 : 2.20 (BKF);<br />
3734 : 2.20 (BKF); 3735 : 2.20 (BKF); 3736 : 2.20 (BKF); 3740 : 3.23 (BKF); 3741 : 3.23<br />
(BKF); 3751 : 2.25 (BKF); 3752 : 2.25 (BKF); 3753 : 1.23 (BKF); 3757 : 1.24 (BKF); 3768 :<br />
2.20 (BKF); 3770 : 2.20 (BKF); 3771 : 2.25 (BKF); 3774 : 3.22 (BKF); 3824 : 2.20 (BKF); 3825<br />
: 2.20 (BKF); 3826 : 2.20 (BKF); 3862 : 3.23 (BKF); 3875 : 3.23 (BKF); 3877 : 1.1 (BKF); 3881<br />
: 1.25 (BKF); 3882 : 1.1 (BKF); 3885 : 3.23 (BKF); 3886 : 3.23 (BKF); 3887 : 3.25 (BKF); 3890<br />
: 2.25 (BKF); 3894 : 1.23 (BKF); s.n. (23-4-1942) : 3.49 (BKF).<br />
Phrombubpha A. 21 : 2.7 (BKF).<br />
Phusomsaeng S. 15 : 2.25 (BKF, K); 15A : 1.3 (BKF); 57 : 1.4 (BKF); 62 : 2.39 (BKF); 74 : 3.9 (AAU,<br />
BKF, C); 108 : 2.55 (BKF); 128 : 1.33 (BKF); 181 : 2.48 (BKF, C); 192 : 3.15 (BKF); 266 : 1.1<br />
(BKF); 267 : 3.11 (BKF); 415 : 3.11 (BKF); 461 : 1.18 (BKF); 528 : 3.20 (BKF, C); 529 : 2.55<br />
(BKF, C); 1574 : 2.55 (BKF, C); 1585 : 2.55 (BKF, C, K); 1614 : 1.23 (BKF); s.n. (15-11-1965)<br />
: 2.39 (BKF, C).<br />
Pichet S. 3 : 2.16 (PSU).<br />
Pinnin S. et al. 54 : 3.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 61 : 2.51 (BKF); 65 : 1.32 (BKF, C); 96 : 3.2.2 (BKF, C);<br />
98 : 2.50 (BKF, C, K); 529 : 1.8 (BKF); 1574 : 1.8 (BKF).
168<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Pongamornkul W. 115 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 118 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 294 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 395 : 1.4<br />
(BKF, QBG); 605 : 3.6 (QBG); 607 : 2.1 (QBG); 657 : 3.22 (BKF, QBG).<br />
Pongthong S. s.n. (25-4-2002) : 1.22 (BKF).<br />
Pooma R. 41 : 1.3 (BKF); 42 : 2.27 (BKF); 64 : 3.6 (BKF); 65 : 3.10 (BKF); 66 : 3.10 (BKF); 67 : 2.22<br />
(BKF); 69 : 1.3 (BKF); 69A : 2.47 (BKF); 70 : 1.3 (BKF); 72 : 1.3 (BKF); 73 : 2.2 (BKF); 76 :<br />
3.4 (BKF); 90 : 3.1 (BKF); 91 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 92 : 2.51 (BKF); 208 : 1.32 (BKF); 209 : 1.9 (BKF);<br />
210 : 1.3 (BKF); 211 : 2.49 (BKF); 212 : 2.25 (BKF); 213 : 1.17 (BKF); 214 : 1.3 (BKF); 215<br />
: 2.27 (BKF); 216 : 3.11 (BKF); 217 : 2.39 (BKF); 218 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 219 : 2.16 (BKF); 220<br />
: 2.49 (BKF); 227 : 2.93 (BKF); 228 : 1.22 (BKF); 229 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 230 : 3.9 (BKF); 232 :<br />
3.11 (BKF); 235 : 1.3 (BKF); 342 : 3.15 (BKF); 346 : 2.2 (BKF); 368 : 2.25 (BKF); 409 : 2.47<br />
(BKF); 418 : 1.3 (BKF); 476 : 3.4 (BKF); 606 : 3.15 (BKF); 733 : 3.19 (BKF); 784 : 3.27 (BKF);<br />
836 : 2.23 (BKF); 838 : 1.17 (BKF); 858 : 3.4 (BKF); 1379 : 3.29 (BKF); 1480 : 2.32 (BKF);<br />
1518 : 3.4 (BKF); 1533 : 3.28 (BKF); 1676 : 3.17 (BKF); 2315 : 2.7 (BKF); 2322 : 2.25 (BKF);<br />
2373 : 2.7 (BKF); 2513 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 2553 : 2.7 (BKF); 2654 : 1.26 (BKF); 2670 : 1.24 (BKF);<br />
2770 : 2.21 (BKF); 2778 : 3.11 (BKF); 2779 : 2.20 (BKF); 2779A : 2.19 (BKF); 2850 : 1.26<br />
(BKF); 2851 : 2.41 (BKF).<br />
Poore M.E.D. s.n. (-1-1 1962) : 2.27 (AAU).<br />
Prachasaisoradet V. 450 : 2.53 (BKF).<br />
Prachit et al. 3 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG).<br />
Praphat D. 34 : 2.7 (BKF); 160 : 2.55 (BKF); 181 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 604 : 2.7 (BKF); 660 : 1.18 (BKF);<br />
668 : 2.25 (BKF); 685 : 2.16 (BKF); 757 : 3.17 (BKF).<br />
Premrasami A. 104 : 3.22 (BKF).<br />
Prommongkol R. s.n. (1-11-1979) : 1.4 (BKF); s.n. (1-11-1979) : 1.1 (BKF).<br />
Put P. 137 : 3.9 (BKF); 162 : 1.13 (BKF); 166 : 2.22 (BKF); 208 : 1.18 (BKF); 212 : 2.8 (BKF); 248<br />
: 2.52 (BKF); 269 : 3.27 (BKF); 279 : 1.4 (BKF); 381 : 2.18 (BKF); 640 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 926<br />
: 1.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 1686 : 1.11 (BK, BM, C); 1847 : 2.16 (BK, C, K); 2714 : 2.25 (BK, C,<br />
K); 3032 : 2.9 (BK, C, K); 3306 : 2.9 (BK, C, K); 3312 : 4.1 (BK); 3338 : 2.9 (BK, K); 3361 :<br />
1.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 3364 : 1.9 (BK); 3366 : 1.9 (BK); 3385 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 3392 : 1.32<br />
(BK, BM, C); 3402 : 3.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 3472 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 3473 : 2.16 (K); 3474 : 2.16<br />
(BK, BM, C); 3515 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 3521 : 1.1 (BK, BM); 3567 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 3679 : 2.21<br />
(BK, K); 3753 : 1.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 3763 : 1.1 (BM, C, K); 3771 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 3775 : 3.14<br />
(BK, BM, K); 3778 : 4.1 (K); 3787 : 2.9 (BK, BM, K); 3791 : 1.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 3800 : 2.9<br />
(BK, BM, K); 3801 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 3808 : 1.13 (BK, K); 3825 : 1.9 (BK); 3882 : 2.53 (BK,<br />
BM, C, K); 3916 : 1.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 3918 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 3919 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 3934 :<br />
3.27 (BK, K); 3958 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 3975 : 3.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 4445 : 3.13 (BK, BM, K);<br />
4523 : 3.9 (BK, BM, K); 4530 : 3.6 (BK, BM, K); 4533 : 3.9 (BM, K).<br />
Puudjaa P. 134 : 1.24 (BKF); 1000 : 2.4 (BKF); 1196 : 2.30 (BKF); 1225 : 2.1 (BKF); 1226 : 2.49<br />
(BKF); 1233 : 2.36 (BKF); 1235 : 2.1 (BKF); 1238 : 2.48 (BKF); 1240 : 2.6 (BKF); 1241 : 2.6<br />
(BKF); 1250 : 2.54 (BKF); 1356 : 2.16 (BKF); 1359 : 2.16 (BKF); 1404 : 2.53 (BKF); 1445 :<br />
1.24 (BKF).QBG 3 : 3.11 (QBG); 33 : 1.1 (QBG); 87 : 1.17 (QBG); 222 : 1.4 (QBG); 798 : 1.4<br />
(QBG); 934 : 1.11 (QBG); 1819 : 1.32 (QBG); 2001 : 1.11 (QBG); 2601 : 2.31 (QBG); 4288 :<br />
1.17 (QBG); 4783 : 2.12 (QBG); 4784 : 2.12 (QBG); 5027 : 3.16.1 (QBG); 5550 : 3.10 (QBG);<br />
5789 : 1.4 (QBG); 5969 : 3.21 (QBG); 5970 : 3.9 (QBG); 6123 : 3.20 (QBG); 6162 : 3.6 (QBG);<br />
6546 : 1.4 (QBG); 6552 : 2.27 (QBG); 6583 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 6740 : 1.17 (QBG); 6765 : 1.17<br />
(QBG); 6974 : 3.11 (QBG); 7058 : 1.17 (QBG); 9321 : 1.17 (QBG); 9424 : 3.26 (QBG); 9832<br />
: 2.27 (QBG); 9956 : 1.11 (QBG); 10888 : 1.11 (QBG); 11058 : 1.11 (QBG); 11297 : 3.11<br />
(QBG); 11298 : 3.15 (QBG); 11299 : 3.21 (QBG); 11300 : 3.9 (QBG); 11301 : 3.16.1 (QBG);<br />
11302 : 1.4 (QBG); 11303 : 3.11 (QBG); 11304 : 2.22 (QBG); 11310 : 2.23 (QBG); 11306 : 1.11<br />
(QBG); 11313 : 3.6 (QBG); 11314 : 1.17 (QBG); 11315 : 1.17 (QBG); 11317 : 1.11 (QBG);<br />
11318 : 3.2.1 (QBG); 11320 : 3.27 (QBG); 31121 : 3.10 (QBG); 11322 : 1.4 (QBG); 15701 : 1.32<br />
(BKF, QBG).<br />
Rabil 82 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 88 : 1.11 (BK, BM, C, K); 178 : 2.18 (BK, C, K); 271 : 2.16 (BK); 352 :
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 169<br />
2.55 (BK, C, K); 354 : 1.18 (BK, BM, C, K).<br />
Rock J.F. 1755 : 4.1 (K); 1830 : 1.6 (K).<br />
Rueang-iam T. 4 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF, C)<br />
Sadakorn J. 510 : 2.50 (BK); 534 : 1.26 (BK); 563 : 2.9 (BK); 624 : 1.26 (BK).<br />
Sangkhachand B. 3 : 2.16 (BKF); 4 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 7 : 2.22 (BKF); 8 : 2.50 (BKF); 15 : 2.50<br />
(BKF); 19 : 2.16 (BKF); 29 : 2.49 (BKF); 34 : 1.1 (BKF); 39 : 3.24 (BKF); 42 : 2.16 (BKF); 64<br />
: 1.26 (BKF); 78 : 1.32 (BKF); 94 : 3.16 (BKF); 95 : 2.16 (BKF); 99 : 1.3 (BKF); 107 : 1.22 (BKF,<br />
C); 108 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 125 : 2.16 (BKF); 116 : 2.34 (BKF); 145 : 1.23 (BKF); 146 : 1.23<br />
(BKF); 214 : 2.29 (BKF, C, K); 273 : 2.36 (BKF, C, K); 356 : 1.19 (BKF); 379 : 2.42 (BKF); 446<br />
: 1.23 (BKF); 842 : 3.10 (BKF, C, K); 859 : 1.27 (BKF, C); 988 : 2.16 (BKF); 1030 : 2.16 (BKF);<br />
1053 : 2.48 (BKF, K); 1183 : 2.55 (BKF); 1221 : 2.55 (BKF, C, K); 1236 : 2.48 (BKF, K); 1243<br />
: 2.39 (BKF); 1253 : 2.6 (BKF); 1352 : 2.55 (BKF); 1442 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF); 1525 : 1.18 (BKF,<br />
C, K); 1529 : 1.33 (BKF, C, K); 1532 : 2.21 (BKF); 1540 : 1.1 (BKF); 1659 : 3.11 (BKF, C, K);<br />
3039 : 1.22 (BKF); 3051 : 1.17 (BKF, C); 3091 : 3.10 (BKF, C); 3091 : 3.10 (BKF, C); 3125 : 1.4<br />
(BKF); 3217 : 1.19 (BKF).<br />
Sangkhachand P. 94 : 2.16 (BK); 135 : 1.19 (BK); 152 : 1.11 (BK); 215 : 2.25 (BK); 371 : 2.4 (BK);<br />
413 : 2.48 (BK); 491 : 2.55 (BK); 762 : 2.16 (BK); 847 : 2.39 (BK); 850 : 3.16.1 (BK); 851 : 2.47<br />
(BK); 861 : 1.10 (BK); 892 : 1.17 (BK); 893 : 1.9 (BK); 897 : 2.47 (BK); 903 : 1.9 (BK); 945 :<br />
3.16.1 (BK); 946 : 2.47 (BK); 947 : 2.47 (BK); 953 : 1.26 (BK); 954 : 1.26 (BK); 966 : 2.12<br />
(BK); 967 : 3.16.1 (BK); 968 : 2.16 (BK); 1090 : 2.50 (BK); 1091 : 2.51 (BK); 1092 : 3.2.2<br />
(BK); 1177 : 3.16.1 (BK); 1354 : 1.22 (BK); 1464 : 3.27 (BK); 1663 : 2.21 (BK); 1843 : 1.33<br />
(BK); 1860 : 2.48 (BK); 2101 : 2.50 (BK); 2115 : 3.7 (BK); 2116 : 2.50 (BK); 2117 : 3.2.2 (BK).<br />
Santisuk Th. et al. 17 : 2.54 (BKF); 23 : 2.21 (BKF); 62 : 2.25 (BKF); 333 : 2.53 (BKF); 372 : 1.3<br />
(BKF); 401 : 3.9 (BKF); 405 : 1.18 (BKF, C, K); 421 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 441 : 1.18 (BKF); 482<br />
: 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 483 : 2.21 (BKF, K); 484 : 2.21 (BKF, K); 736 : 2.7 (BKF); 831 : 2.53 (BKF);<br />
889 : 1.23 (BKF, PSU); 1011 : 3.15 (BKF); 1018 : 1.4 (BKF); 1079 : 2.54 (BKF); 1080 : 2.2<br />
(BKF); 1081 : 3.27 (BKF); 1084 : 1.10 (BKF); 1087 : 3.9 (BKF, PSU); 1115 : 3.6 (BKF, PSU);<br />
1139 : 3.15 (BKF); 1168 : 2.19 (BKF); 1183 : 2.48 (BKF, PSU); 1210 : 2.21 (BKF); 1242 : 2.16<br />
(BKF, PSU); 1282 : 1.23 (BKF); 1284 : 2.19(BKF, PSU); 1451 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1457 :<br />
1.11 (BKF, C, K); 1484 : 3.11 (AAU, BKF); 1516 : 3.6 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1517 : 3.9 (AAU,<br />
BKF, C, K); 1521 : 1.10 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1603 : 3.6 (BKF); 6665 : 1.1 (BKF); 6678 : 3.10<br />
(BKF); 6684 : 2.16 (BKF); 6700 : 3.10 (BKF); 6831 : 1.19 (BKF); 6840 : 3.3 (BKF); 6922 : 1.28<br />
(BKF); s.n. (8-4-1982) : 1.23 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1982) : 1.10 (BKF); s.n. (11-4-1987) : 1.23<br />
(BKF); s.n. (4-6-1987) : 3.23 (BKF); s.n. (9-6-1987) : 2.1 (BKF); s.n. (23-7-1987) : 2.1 (BKF);<br />
s.n. (20-10-1987) : 2.27 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 2.22 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 2.27<br />
(BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 1.11 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 1.3 (BKF); s.n. (21-7-1990) : 1.23<br />
(BKF); s.n. (5-5-1992) : 1.11 (BKF); s.n. (11-6-1994) : 1.9 (BKF); s.n. (10-12-1994) : 2.7<br />
(BKF).<br />
Sawongto M. s.n. (15-1-1977) : 2.25 (BKF).<br />
Schmidt J. 395 : 3.27 (C); 426 : 1.19 (C); 534 : 1.23 (C); 586 : 2.42 (C); 688 : 3.27 (C); 718 : 1.19 (C);<br />
841 : 3.18 (C).<br />
Seidenfaden G. 2584 : 1.18 (C); 2623 : 2.49 (C, K).<br />
Shimizu T. et al. T-02940 : 3.13 (BKF, KYO); T-10140 : 3.13 (BKF, KYO); T-11725 : 1.11 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-11727 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-18126 : 3.16.1 (BKF, KYO); T-18620 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF,<br />
C, K, KYO); T-19198 : 1.3 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-20447 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-20587 : 2.1 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-20699 : 1….. (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-20940 : 3.13 (AAU, KYO); T-21057 : 3.13 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-22644 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-22953 : 3.2.2 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-26892 : 2.16 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-26910 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-28562 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-28608 : 2.22 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-28830 : 2.54 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Singhasatit S. 76 : 3.11 (BKF); 130 : 2.31 (BKF); 152 : 2.23 (BKF); 230 : 3.11 (BKF); 287 : 2.23<br />
(BKF); 288 : 2.39 (BKF); 419 : 1.10 (BKF); ); 433 : 2.27 (BKF); ); 445 : 1.32 (BKF); 477 : 1.3<br />
(BKF).
170<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
Siriphum S. et al. QBG-9923 : 1.11 (QBG); QBG-9925 : 1.3 (QBG).<br />
Sirirugsa P. 231 : 2.16 (PSU); 908 : 2.8 (PSU).<br />
Smitinand T. et al. 102 : 3.10 (BKF); 102A : 3.11 (BKF); 104 : 2.16 (BKF); 180 : 1.5 (BKF); 195 :<br />
2.2 (BKF); 346 : 3.10 (BKF); 374 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 405 : 3.9 (BKF); 414 : 3.10 (BKF); 456 : 2.50<br />
(BKF); 565 : 2.51 (BKF); 615 : 2.48 (BKF); 757 : 2.55 (BKF); 780 : 1.2 (BKF); 830 : 2.40<br />
(BKF); 846 : 2.55 (BKF); 862 : 3.21 (BKF); 1053 : 3.8 (BKF); 1070 : 2.50 (BKF); 1073 : 3.23<br />
(BKF); 1076 : 2.56 (BKF); 1085 : 2.56 (BKF); 1130 : 1.9 (BKF); 1154 : 3.22 (BKF); 1155 : 2.25<br />
(BKF); 1175 : 3.22 (BKF); 1193 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 1194 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 1206 : 3.10 (BKF); 1249 :<br />
3.1 (BKF); 1356 : 2.42 (BKF); 1376 : 1.23 (BKF); 1571 : 3.11 (BKF); 1631 : 3.16.1 (BKF);<br />
1639 : 2.16 (BKF); 1640 : 2.2 (BKF); 1646 : 1.4 (BKF); 1647 : 1.26 (BKF); 1648 : 3.11 (BKF);<br />
1723 : 1.32 (BKF); 1780 : 2.51 (BKF); 1781 : 1.7 (BKF); 1805 : 2.51 (BKF, K); 1806 : 1.9 (BKF,<br />
C, K); 1806A : 1.9 (BKF); 1809 : 3.1 (BKF); 1809A : 3.1 (BKF); 1831 : 1.19 (BKF); 1832 :<br />
3.16.1 (BKF); 1853 : 1.32 (BKF); 1854 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 1855 : 3.29 (BKF); 1875 : 3.23 (BKF);<br />
1900 : 2.51 (BKF); 1916 : 2.50 (BKF); 1985 : 1.1 (BKF); 2018 : 1.11 (BKF); 2279 : 2.6 (BKF);<br />
2330 : 2.5 (BKF); 2331 : 2.42 (BKF); 2332 : 2.38 (BKF); 2335 : 2.40 (BKF); 2430 : 1.2 (BKF);<br />
2490 : 1.32 (BKF); 2491 : 1.1 (BKF); 2493 : 2.12 (BKF); 2496 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 2504 : 3.2.1<br />
(BKF); 2505 : 3.9 (BKF); 2507 : 3.22 (BKF); 2508 : 3.22 (BKF); 2510 : 3.22 (BKF); 2516 : 3.22<br />
(BKF); 2518 : 2.12 (BKF); 2548 : 2.16 (BKF); 2562 : 3.11 (BKF); 2565 : 3.28 (BKF); 2568 :<br />
2.41 (BKF); 2569 : 1.4 (BKF); 2570 : 3.10 (BKF); 2573 : 3.28 (BKF); 2576 : 2.12 (BKF); 2577<br />
: 3.16.1 (BKF); 2578 : 2.12 (BKF); 2585 : 3.11 (BKF); 2598 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 2615 : 2.53 (BKF);<br />
2619 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 2623 : 3.11 (BKF); 2630 : 1.17 (BKF); 2632 : 1.17 (BKF); 2662 : 3.8 (BKF);<br />
2663 : 3.28 (BKF); 2664 : 3.11 (BKF); 2665 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 2669 : 3.23 (BKF); 2671 : 2.53<br />
(BKF); 2672 : 3.1 (BKF); 2679 : 2.9 (BKF); 2681 : 2.12 (BKF); 2683 : 2.51 (BKF); 2695 : 2.49<br />
(BKF); 2698 : 3.28 (BKF); 2701 : 3.11 (BKF); 2727 : 1.3 (BKF); 2739 : 3.11 (BKF); 2748 : 2.27<br />
(BKF); 2753 : 2.39 (BKF); 2778 : 1.1 (BKF); 2779 : 1.26 (BKF); 2780 : 2.2 (BKF); 2781 : 3.27<br />
(BKF); 2784 : 2.2 (BKF); 2826 : 2.36 (BKF); 2863 : 2.21 (BKF); 2923 : 1.18 (BKF); 2974 : 1.33<br />
(BKF); 2982 : 1.18 (BKF); 2997 : 2.48 (BKF); 3028 : 2.8 (BKF); 3099 : 2.12 (BKF); 3194 : 3.5<br />
(BKF); 3298 : 1.32 (BKF); 3320 : 2.55 (BKF); 3321 : 1.19 (BKF); 3385 : 2.21 (BKF); 3409 :<br />
2.54 (BKF); 3463 : 2.54 (BKF); 3721 : 2.47 (BKF); 2728 : 2.47 (BKF); 3746 : 2.47 (BKF); 3754<br />
: 1.17 (BKF); 3757 : 3.6 (BKF); 4100 : 2.39 (BKF); 4215 : 2.32 (BKF); 4242 : 3.8 (BKF); 4242A<br />
: 3.8 (BKF); 4330 : 2.53 (BKF); 4336 : 1.6 (BKF); 4391 : 3.21 (BKF); 4392 : 2.39 (BKF); 4399<br />
: 2.2 (BKF); 4568 : 2.20 (BKF); 4739 : 3.8 (BKF, C, K); 4749 : 3.13 (BKF, K); 4821 : 2.20<br />
(BKF); 4935 : 2.41 (BKF); 4977 : 3.23 (BKF); 5001 : 3.23 (BKF); 5029 : 3.22 (BKF); 5235 :<br />
3.21 (BKF); 5476 : 1.1 (BKF); 5478 : 3.5 (BKF); 5511 : 3.22 (BKF); 5523 : 3.11 (BKF); 5537<br />
: 3.11 (BKF); 5542 : 1.7 (BKF); 5596 : 2.21 (BKF); 5943 : 1.9 (BKF); 6041 : 1.26 (BKF); 6068<br />
: 1.1 (BKF); 6118 : 3.2.2 (BKF, K); 6119 : 3.2.1 (BKF, K); 6126 : 1.18 (BKF); 6289 : 3.17<br />
(BKF); 6290 : 3.17 (BKF); 6314 : 2.25 (BKF); 6315 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 6316 : 3.11 (BKF); 6319<br />
: 1.17 (BKF); 6580 : 2.8 (BKF); 6582 : 2.8 (BKF); 6604 : 3.11 (BKF, K); 6605 : 1.2 (BKF); 6625<br />
: 1.7 (BKF); 6627 : 3.3 (BKF); 6640 : 2.1 (BKF); 6667 : 3.19 (BKF); 6703 : 1.26 (BKF); 6734<br />
: 1.32 (BKF, K); 6742 : 3.6 (BKF, K); 6755 : 2.1 (BKF); 6780 : 3.8 (BKF); 6781 : 3.8 (BKF, K);<br />
6784 : 3.13 (BKF, K); 6785 : 3.26 (BKF, K); 6799 : 3.4 (BKF, K); 6973 : 1.2 (BKF); 6978 : 1.15<br />
(BKF); 7013 : 3.29 (BKF); 7016 : 3.24 (BKF); 7051 : 2.49 (BKF); 7063 : 3.4 (BKF); 7064 : 2.22<br />
(BKF); 7114 : 2.21 (BKF); 7176 : 1.1 (BKF); 7187 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 7202 : 1.1 (BKF); 7290 : 2.56<br />
(BKF); 7321 : 3.13 (BKF); 7395 : 3.10 (BKF); 7398 : 2.32 (BKF); 7440 : 2.20 (BKF); 7484 : 1.1<br />
(BKF); 7517 : 2.20 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 7553 : 2.49 (BKF, K); 7564 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 7565 : 2.39<br />
(BKF); 7566 : 1.3 (BKF); 7575 : 2.2 (BKF); 7579 : 3.21 (BKF); 7584 : 3.4 (BKF); 7608 : 1.6<br />
(BKF); 7610 : 1.6 (BKF); 7619 : 3.24 (BKF); 7629 : 2.56 (BKF); 7659 : 2.56 (BKF, C); 7694 :<br />
1.1 (BKF); 7710 : 3.24 (BKF); 7716 : 1.2 (BKF); 7799 : 3.8 (BKF); 7800 : 3.13 (BKF); 7833 :<br />
3.8 (BKF); 7847 : 2.16 (BKF); 7870 : 2.49 (BKF); 7885 : 3.17 (BKF); 7919 : 3.23 (BKF); 7930<br />
: 2.20 (BKF); 8098 : 2.25 (BKF); 8340 : 2.56 (BKF); 8364 : 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 8421 : 2.20 (BKF,<br />
C, K); 8573 : 1.4 (BKF); 8579 : 2.22 (BKF); 8607 : 1.4 (BKF); 8633 : 3.27 (BKF); 8705 : 3.21<br />
(BKF); 8735 : 2.53 (BKF); 8768 : 1.1 (BKF); 8941 : 1.18 (BKF); 8973 : 2.48 (BKF); 10061 : 2.7<br />
(BKF); 10073 : 3.22 (BKF); 10074 : 2.6 (BKF); 10077 : 3.23 (BKF); 10106 : 2.20 (BKF); 10109<br />
: 2.7 (BKF); 10117 : 3.28 (BKF); 10157 : 3.28 (BKF); 10161 : 2.49 (BKF, K); 10162 : 2.51<br />
(BKF); 10250 : 3.7 (BK, BKF); 10256 : 4.1 (BKF, L); 10292 : 2.1 (BKF); 10321 : 3.3 (BK, BKF,<br />
K); 10326 : 3.3 (BK, BKF, C, K); 10327 : 3.7 (BKF, C, K); 10341 : 2.12 (BKF, C, K); 10452 :
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 171<br />
2.20 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 10470 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 10483 : 2.55 (BKF); 10494 : 2.39 (BKF); 10539<br />
: 2.21 (BKF); 10610 : 1.13 (BKF); 10611 : 1.32 (BKF); 10664 : 2.11 (BKF); 10825 : 4.1 (AAU,<br />
BKF, K); 11007 : 2.55 (BKF); 11206 : 3.29 (BKF); 11515 : 2.6 (BKF); 11596 : 3.11 (BKF);<br />
11597 : 2.12 (BKF); 11611 : 2.21 (BKF); 11678 : 2.55 (BKF); 11683 : 2.39 (BKF, C); 11684 :<br />
2.12 (BKF, K); 11685 : 3.28 (BKF); 11688 : 3.11 (BKF); 11709 : 2.48 (BKF); 11723 : 3.19<br />
(BKF); 11730 : 2.18 (BKF); 11744 : 2.6 (BKF); 11823 : 2.39 (BKF); 11823A : 2.16 (BKF);<br />
11835 : 2.47 (BKF); 11854 : 2.23 (BKF); 11860 : 3.28 (BKF); 11872 : 3.23 (BKF); 11898 :<br />
3.2.1 (BKF); 11915 : 1.17 (BKF); 11926 : 2.39 (BKF); 11933 : 2.10 (BKF, PSU); 11967 : 2.18<br />
(BKF); 11968 : 2.55(BKF); 12002 : 3.17 (BKF); 12021 : 3.3 (BKF); 12084 : 2.47 (BKF); 12086<br />
: 1.13 (BKF); 12087 : 3.9 (BKF); 12146 : 2.54 (BKF); 12154 : 2.19 (BKF); 12174 : 2.54 (BKF);<br />
12212 : 3.8 (BKF); 81-5 : 1.23 (BKF, K); 86-9 : 1.32 (BKF); 88-1 : 2.53 (BKF, PSU, QBG); 88-<br />
42 : 2.53 (BKF); 88-76 : 3.15 (BKF); 88-194 : 1.2 (BKF); 89-22 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 89-24 : 2.39<br />
(BKF); 89-28 : 2.16 (BKF); 90-1 : 3.10 (BKF); 90-24 : 2.22 (BKF); 90-27 : 1.28 (BKF); 90-28<br />
: 3.20 (BKF); 90-41 : 3.10 (BKF); 90-46 : 2.31 (BKF); 90-68 : 3.9 (BKF); 90-69 : 3.6 (BKF); 90-<br />
70 : 3.27 (BKF); 90-73 : 1.12 (BKF); 90-74 : 1.3 (BKF); 90-75 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-76 : 2.16<br />
(BKF); 90-77 : 1.32 (BKF); 90-78 : 2.27 (BKF); 90-79 : 2.50 (BKF); 90-80 : 1.12 (BKF); 90-82<br />
: 3.20 (BKF); 90-84 : 1.4 (BKF); 90-86 : 2.2 (BKF); 90-87 : 2.31 (BKF); 90-90 : 1.28 (BKF); 90-<br />
91 : 3.27 (BKF); 90-92 : 3.3 (BKF); 90-95 : 1.3 (BKF); 90-138 : 2.16 (BKF); 90-140 : 3.22<br />
(BKF); 90-174 : 2.47 (BKF); 90-176 : 1.32 (BKF); 90-177 : 1.1 (BKF); 90-187 : 2.39 (BKF);<br />
90-190 : 1.3 (BKF); 90-191 : 3.10 (BKF); 90-193 : 2.53 (BKF); 90-194 : 1.2 (BKF); 90-196 :<br />
3.9 (BKF); 90-197 : 2.2 (BKF); 90-198 : 1.25 (BKF); 90-203 : 2.16 (BKF); 90-215 : 3.9 (BKF);<br />
90-221 : 1.22 (BKF); 90-226 : 1.27 (BKF); 90-233 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG, PSU); 90-234 : 3.11<br />
(BKF); 90-235 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-236 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 90-237 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-238 : 3.6 (BKF);<br />
90-252 : 2.22 (BKF); 90-253 : 3.27 (BKF); 90-257 : 1.17 (BKF); 90-258 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-259<br />
: 2.16 (BKF); 90-264 : 2.25 (BKF); 90-265 : 1.23 (BKF); 91-22 : 1.32 (BKF); 91-35 : 3.17<br />
(BKF); 91-63 : 2.16 (BKF); 92-12 : 2.32 (BKF); 92-13 : 3.15 (BKF); 92-28 : 1.24 (BKF); 92-31<br />
: 2.49 (BKF); s.n. (24-6-1951) : 3.11 (BKF); s.n. (24-12-1952) : 1.32 (BKF); s.n. (5-1-1954) :<br />
3.6 (BKF); s.n. (24-6-1954) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (29-6-1954) : 1.1 (BKF); s.n. (29-6-1954) : 2.39<br />
(BKF); s.n. (12-8-1954) : 3.29 (BKF); s.n. (2-9-1954) : 3.2.3 (BKF); s.n. (9-7-1975) : 1.22<br />
(BKF); s.n. (16-8-1955) : 1.2 (BKF); s.n. (23-8-1955) : 2.21 (BKF); s.n. (14-2-1961) : 3.16.1<br />
(BKF); s.n. (10-11-1962) : 3.13 (BKF); s.n. (6-3-1971) : 3.2.1 (BKF); s.n. (12-12-1973) : 2.22<br />
(BKF); s.n. (26-1-1977) : 2.1 (BKF); s.n. (27-1-1977) : 2.53 (BKF); s.n. (27-1-1977) : 1.4<br />
(BKF); s.n. (27-1-1977) : 2.22 (BKF); s.n. (5-4-1978) : 1.6 (BKF); s.n. (28-10-1979) : 2.41<br />
(BKF); s.n. (13-3-1980) : 2.12 (BKF); s.n. (13-3-1980) : 2.55 (BKF); s.n. (23-3-1980) : 3.28<br />
(BKF); s.n. (24-3-1980) : 3.28 (BKF); s.n. (25-3-1980) : 1.1 (BKF); s.n. (25-3-1980) : 2.41<br />
(BKF); s.n. (25-3-1980) : 2.23 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-1980) : 3.1 (BKF); s.n. (9-5-1981) : 2.54<br />
(BKF); s.n. (18-12-1981) : 1.1 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1982) : 1.17 (BKF); s.n. (1-6-1983) : 1.33<br />
(BKF); *s.n. (22-6-1983) : 1.25 (BKF); s.n. (23-6-1983) : 2.47 (BKF); s.n. (23-6-1983) : 3.2.1<br />
(BKF); s.n. (24-6-1983) : 2.49 (BKF); s.n. (4-12-1983) : 1.9 (BKF); s.n. (5-12-1983) : 1.2<br />
(BKF); s.n. (6-5-1985) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (6-5-1985) : 2.39 (BKF); s.n. (9-5-1987) : 3.4 (BKF);<br />
s.n. (23-7-1987) : 3.29 (BKF); s.n. (7-10-1987) : 2.53 (BKF); s.n. (9-10-1987) : 2.53 (BKF);<br />
s.n. (9-10-1987) : 2.49 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 2.47 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 2.39 (BKF);<br />
s.n. (10-10-1987) : 1.3 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 3.10 (BKF);<br />
s.n. (10-10-1987) : 3.11 (BKF); s.n. (19-10-1987) : 3.9 (BKF); s.n. (6-2-1988) : 2.49 (BKF);<br />
s.n. (7-2-1988) : 2.2 (BKF); s.n. (7-3-1988) : 2.39 (BKF); s.n. (14-5-1988) : 1.25 (BKF); s.n.<br />
(14-5-1988) : 1.22 (BKF); s.n. (23-11-1988) : 1.7 (BKF); s.n. (23-11-1988) : 2.53 (BKF); s.n.<br />
(23-11-1988) : 2.16 (BKF); s.n. (10-3-1989) : 2.20 (BKF); s.n. (15-7-1989) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n.<br />
(15-7-1989) : 1.27 (BKF); s.n. (16-7-1989) : 3.17 (BKF); s.n. (16-7-1989) : 3.11 (BKF); s.n.<br />
(16-7-1989) : 3.4 (BKF); s.n. (17-7-1989) : 1.32 (BKF); s.n. (25-7-1989) : 1.9 (BKF); s.n. (25-<br />
7-1989) : 1.10 (BKF); s.n. (13-3-1990) : 3.27 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-1990) : 2.18 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-<br />
1990) : 1.10 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-1990) : 3.27 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-1990) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-<br />
1990) : 3.6 (BKF); s.n. (28-2-1991) : 3.15 (BKF); s.n. (1-3-1991) : 3.20 (BKF, PSU, QBG); s.n.<br />
(11-3-1991) : 3.24 (BKF); s.n. (11-3-1991) : 3.3 (BKF); s.n. (18-7-1993) : 2.16 (BKF); s.n. (8-<br />
1-1994) : 2.22 (BKF); s.n. (8-1-1994) : 1.3 (BKF); s.n. (8-1-1994) : 1.17 (BKF); s.n. (8-1-1994)<br />
: 1.10 (BKF); s.n. (8-1-1994) : 3.9 (BKF); s.n. (18-12-1994) : 1.28 (BKF); s.n. (13-8-1995) :<br />
1.32 (BKF); s.n. (13-3-1997) : 3.3 (BKF); s.n. (13-11-1997) : 1.10 (BKF).<br />
Soejarto D.D. et al. 5978 : 1.33 (BKF).
172<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
S¯rensen Th et al. 164 : 2.25 (BKF, C); 550 : 1.23 (C); 885 : 1.1 (BKF, C); 954 : 3.11 (BKF, C); 957<br />
Sørensen Th<br />
: 3.10<br />
et al.<br />
(C); 985<br />
164<br />
:<br />
1.3<br />
2.25<br />
(C,<br />
(BKF,<br />
K); 1001<br />
C); 550<br />
: 1.10<br />
: 1.23<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
1006<br />
885<br />
: 1.12<br />
: 1.1<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
1009<br />
C);<br />
: 2.53<br />
954<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.11<br />
C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
1010<br />
C);<br />
: 2.47<br />
957<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.10 (C);<br />
C); 1013<br />
985 :<br />
:<br />
1.3<br />
2.39<br />
(C,<br />
(BKF,<br />
K); 1001<br />
C, K);<br />
: 1.10<br />
1286<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.8<br />
1006<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.12<br />
C); 1565<br />
(C); 1009<br />
: 1.6<br />
:<br />
(BKF,<br />
2.53 (BKF,<br />
C); 1599<br />
C);<br />
:<br />
1010<br />
2.53 (BKF,<br />
: 2.47<br />
(BKF,<br />
C); 1740<br />
C);<br />
:<br />
1013<br />
2.7 (C);<br />
: 2.39<br />
1742<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.6<br />
C,<br />
(BKF);<br />
K); 1286<br />
1806<br />
: 3.8<br />
: 2.2<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C);<br />
C);<br />
1565<br />
2212<br />
: 1.6<br />
: 3.22<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C);<br />
C);<br />
2404<br />
1599<br />
:<br />
:<br />
3.2.1<br />
2.53<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C,<br />
C);<br />
K);<br />
1740<br />
2537<br />
: 2.7<br />
: 1.10<br />
(C); 1742<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.6<br />
C);<br />
(BKF);<br />
2572 : 3.10<br />
1806<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 2.2 (BKF,<br />
C); 3590<br />
C); 2212<br />
: 2.39<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.22<br />
2645<br />
(C); 2404<br />
: 2.47<br />
: 3.2.1<br />
(C); 2653<br />
(BKF,<br />
:<br />
2.47<br />
C, K);<br />
(C);<br />
2537<br />
2660<br />
: 1.10<br />
: 3.11<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C); 2661<br />
C); 2572<br />
: 3.16.1<br />
: 3.10<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
3684<br />
C);<br />
: 2.39<br />
3590<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 2.39<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
2696<br />
2645<br />
: 1.32<br />
: 2.47<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
2803<br />
2653<br />
: 1.1<br />
:<br />
2.47<br />
(C); 2825<br />
(C); 2660<br />
: 1.1<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.11<br />
2861<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
2661<br />
3.10<br />
:<br />
(BKF,<br />
3.16.1<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
2862<br />
3684<br />
: 2.27<br />
: 2.39<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
2870<br />
C);<br />
: 3.21<br />
2696<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.32<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
2883<br />
2803<br />
:<br />
:<br />
3.10<br />
1.1<br />
(C);<br />
(C); 2825<br />
2887<br />
: 1.1<br />
3.9<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
2861<br />
2902<br />
: 3.10<br />
1.1 (BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C);<br />
C);<br />
2917<br />
2862<br />
:<br />
:<br />
1.10<br />
2.27<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C); 2870<br />
C); 3070<br />
: 3.21<br />
: 2.23<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C); 2883<br />
C); 3237<br />
: 3.10<br />
:<br />
2.9<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
2887<br />
3239<br />
: 3.9<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
2.50<br />
2902<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.1<br />
C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
3303 :<br />
C);<br />
3.10<br />
2917<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.10<br />
C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
4338 :<br />
C);<br />
2.51<br />
3070<br />
(C);<br />
: 2.23<br />
3391<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.11<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
3237<br />
3427<br />
:<br />
:<br />
2.9<br />
1.1<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
3239<br />
3530<br />
:<br />
:<br />
2.50<br />
1.1 (BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C);<br />
C);<br />
3767<br />
3303<br />
:<br />
:<br />
1.32<br />
3.10<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
K);<br />
C);<br />
4803<br />
4338<br />
: 2.39<br />
: 2.51<br />
(C,<br />
(C);<br />
K);<br />
3391<br />
3894<br />
:<br />
:<br />
3.11<br />
3.11<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
3427<br />
4188<br />
: 1.1<br />
3.8<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
3530<br />
C);<br />
:<br />
4193<br />
1.1 (BKF,<br />
: 3.8<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
3767<br />
4393<br />
: 1.32<br />
: 2.51<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C);<br />
K);<br />
4427<br />
4803<br />
: 3.10<br />
: 2.39<br />
(C);<br />
(C,<br />
4738<br />
K);<br />
:<br />
3894<br />
3.10<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.11<br />
4815<br />
(C); 4188<br />
: 1.3<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.8 (BKF,<br />
C); 4972<br />
C); 4193<br />
: 2.23<br />
:<br />
(BKF);<br />
3.8 (C);<br />
5259<br />
4393<br />
:<br />
:<br />
3.2.1<br />
2.51<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
5349<br />
4427<br />
:<br />
:<br />
2.39<br />
3.10<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C); 4738<br />
C); 5353<br />
: 3.10<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.10<br />
4815<br />
(C); 5376<br />
: 1.3<br />
:<br />
(BKF,<br />
3.10 (BKF,<br />
C); 4972<br />
C);<br />
:<br />
5393<br />
2.23<br />
:<br />
(BKF);<br />
3.10 (C);<br />
5259<br />
5394<br />
: 3.2.1<br />
: 3.10<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
5349<br />
5395<br />
: 2.39<br />
: 3.11<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C);<br />
C);<br />
5395A<br />
5353<br />
:<br />
:<br />
3.10<br />
3.10<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
5397<br />
5376<br />
:<br />
3.6<br />
: 3.10<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
5400<br />
C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
5393<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
5401<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
5394<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.10<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
5402<br />
5395<br />
: 1.3<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.11<br />
5404<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
5395A<br />
1.3 (C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
5429<br />
(C);<br />
: 2.27<br />
5397<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
3.6<br />
5449<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
5400<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
5453<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
5401<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
5458<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.26<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
5402<br />
5485<br />
: 1.3<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
2.39<br />
5404<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.3<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
5486<br />
5429<br />
: 2.23<br />
: 2.27<br />
(BKF);<br />
(C);<br />
5487<br />
5449<br />
:<br />
1.1<br />
3.10<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
5488<br />
5453<br />
:<br />
:<br />
1.12<br />
3.10<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C); 5458<br />
C); 5502<br />
: 1.26<br />
: 3.9<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
5485<br />
5503<br />
: 2.39<br />
: 3.10<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C);<br />
C);<br />
5486<br />
5507<br />
: 2.23<br />
: 2.27<br />
(BKF);<br />
(C);<br />
5522<br />
5487<br />
:<br />
1.1<br />
1.1<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
5556<br />
5488 : 1.12<br />
2.39<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C); 5559<br />
C);<br />
:<br />
5502<br />
1.1 (BKF,<br />
: 3.9 (C);<br />
C); 5560<br />
5503<br />
:<br />
1.10<br />
3.10<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
5561<br />
C);<br />
:<br />
5507<br />
2.47<br />
:<br />
(BKF,<br />
2.27 (C);<br />
C);<br />
5563<br />
5522<br />
:<br />
3.9<br />
1.1<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
5591<br />
5556<br />
:<br />
:<br />
2.9<br />
2.39<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C);<br />
C,<br />
5559<br />
K);<br />
:<br />
5612<br />
1.1 (BKF,<br />
: 3.10<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
5560<br />
5661<br />
:<br />
:<br />
1.10<br />
2.39<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
5561<br />
5664<br />
:<br />
:<br />
2.47<br />
2.47<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C); 5667<br />
C);<br />
5563<br />
: 1.32<br />
:<br />
(BKF,<br />
3.9 (C);<br />
C);<br />
5591<br />
5682<br />
: 2.9<br />
: 3.10<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C);<br />
C,<br />
5690<br />
K);<br />
:<br />
5612<br />
1.32<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.10<br />
5700<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
5661<br />
1.32<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
2.39<br />
5733<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
5664<br />
1.17<br />
:<br />
(BKF,<br />
2.47 (C);<br />
C); 5736<br />
5667<br />
: 1.32<br />
3.11<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C); 5739<br />
C); 5682<br />
: 1.2<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.10<br />
5744<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
5690<br />
1.32<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
1.32<br />
5750<br />
(C); 5700<br />
: 1.32<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
1.32<br />
5754<br />
(C); 5733<br />
: 1.3<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
1.17<br />
5755<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 2.16<br />
C); 5736<br />
(C);<br />
5806<br />
: 3.11<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
1.3 (BKF,<br />
5739 :<br />
C);<br />
1.2<br />
5846<br />
(C); 5744<br />
: 1.32<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
1.32<br />
5856<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
5750<br />
1.5 (C);<br />
: 1.32<br />
5953<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
5754<br />
2.53 (C);<br />
: 1.3<br />
5957A<br />
(C); 5755<br />
: 1.1<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
2.16<br />
5960<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
5806<br />
1.1 (C);<br />
: 1.3<br />
5971<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.10<br />
C); 5846<br />
(C); 6021<br />
: 1.32<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
1.32<br />
5856<br />
(C); 6031<br />
: 1.5<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.10<br />
5953<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
6032<br />
2.53<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
3.9<br />
5957A<br />
(C); 6217<br />
: 1.1<br />
: 3.4<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
5960<br />
C,<br />
: 1.1<br />
K);<br />
(C);<br />
6223<br />
5971<br />
: 2.22<br />
: 1.10<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C);<br />
C);<br />
6021<br />
6225<br />
: 1.32<br />
: 2.41<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
6031<br />
C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
6267<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.2.2<br />
6032<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.9<br />
C,<br />
(C);<br />
K);<br />
6217<br />
6270<br />
: 3.4<br />
3.1<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C,<br />
C, K);<br />
K);<br />
6281<br />
6223<br />
:<br />
3.4<br />
2.22<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
6519<br />
C);<br />
: 1.1<br />
6225<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 2.41<br />
C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
6578<br />
C);<br />
: 2.23<br />
6267<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.2.2<br />
C,<br />
(BKF,<br />
K); 6586<br />
C, K);<br />
: 1.1<br />
6270<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.1<br />
C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
6678<br />
:<br />
C,<br />
1.17<br />
K);<br />
(BKF,<br />
6281 :<br />
C);<br />
3.4<br />
6845<br />
(C); 6519<br />
: 2.53<br />
:<br />
(BKF,<br />
1.1 (BKF,<br />
C, K);<br />
C);<br />
6861<br />
6578<br />
:<br />
:<br />
1.10<br />
2.23<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C,<br />
C,<br />
K);<br />
K);<br />
6867<br />
6586<br />
:<br />
:<br />
3.11<br />
1.1<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF, C);<br />
C); 6875<br />
6678<br />
: 1.17<br />
2.53<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
C);<br />
C);<br />
6845<br />
6877<br />
: 2.53<br />
1.17<br />
(BKF,<br />
(C); 6878<br />
C, K);<br />
: 1.17<br />
6861<br />
(C);<br />
: 1.10<br />
6885<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 2.47<br />
C,<br />
(BKF,<br />
K); 6867<br />
C); 7002<br />
: 3.11<br />
:<br />
(BKF,<br />
3.2.1 (BKF,<br />
C); 6875<br />
C,<br />
K);<br />
: 2.53<br />
7092<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.27<br />
C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
6877<br />
C);<br />
: 1.17<br />
7277<br />
(C);<br />
: 1.10<br />
6878<br />
(C);<br />
: 1.17<br />
7278<br />
(C);<br />
: 1.1<br />
6885<br />
(C);<br />
: 2.47<br />
7279<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.9 (C);<br />
C); 7002<br />
7280<br />
: 3.2.1<br />
2.47 (C);<br />
(BKF,<br />
7281<br />
C,<br />
:<br />
K);<br />
3.10<br />
7092<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.27<br />
7282<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.10<br />
C);<br />
(C);<br />
7277<br />
7285<br />
: 1.10<br />
: 3.11<br />
(C);<br />
(C);<br />
7278<br />
7972<br />
: 1.1<br />
: 3.11<br />
(C); 7279<br />
(C); 7974<br />
: 3.9<br />
:<br />
(C);<br />
1.32<br />
7280<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 2.47<br />
7975<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
7281<br />
1.17<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
7978<br />
(C);<br />
:<br />
7282<br />
1.1 (C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
7982<br />
(C);<br />
: 2.25<br />
7285<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.11<br />
7983<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
7972<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.11<br />
7984<br />
(C);<br />
: 3.10<br />
7974<br />
(C);<br />
: 1.32<br />
9359<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 1.32<br />
7975<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 1.17<br />
s.n.<br />
(C);<br />
(6-10-1958)<br />
7978 : 1.1<br />
: 1.1<br />
(C);<br />
(BKF).<br />
7982 : 2.25 (C); 7983 : 3.10 (C); 7984 : 3.10 (C); 9359 : 1.32 (BKF); s.n.<br />
(6-10-1958) : 1.1 (BKF).<br />
Sri-sa-nga P. et al. 21 : 3.3 (BKF, QBG); 1008 : 2.55 (QBG); 1010 : 2.55 (BKF, QBG); 1011 : 1.32<br />
Sri-sa-nga<br />
(QBG);<br />
P. et al.<br />
1818<br />
21<br />
: 3.11<br />
: 3.3<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF,<br />
QBG)<br />
QBG); 1008 : 2.55 (QBG); 1010 : 2.55 (BKF, QBG); 1011 : 1.32<br />
(QBG); 1818 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG)<br />
Sucheera s.n. (QBG 10888) : 1.1 (QBG).<br />
Sucheera s.n. (QBG 10888) : 1.1 (QBG).<br />
Suddee S. 34 : 3.10 (BKF); 62 : 1.3 (BKF); 217 : 3.6 (BKF); 312 : 3.11 (BKF).<br />
Suddee S. 34 : 3.10 (BKF); 62 : 1.3 (BKF); 217 : 3.6 (BKF); 312 : 3.11 (BKF).<br />
Sukkri B. 19 : 3.11 (BKF).<br />
Sukkri B. 19 : 3.11 (BKF).<br />
Suksathan P. 1175 : 3.26 (QBG); 1127 : 3.26 (QBG); 1420 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 1435 : 1.25 (QBG);<br />
Suksathan<br />
1679<br />
P.<br />
: 3.16.1<br />
1175 :<br />
(QBG);<br />
3.26 (QBG);<br />
2562 :<br />
1127<br />
3.5 (QBG);<br />
: 3.26<br />
2708<br />
(QBG);<br />
: 1.1<br />
1420<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.11<br />
QBG);<br />
(BKF,<br />
2737<br />
QBG);<br />
: 2.49<br />
1435<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 1.25<br />
QBG);<br />
(QBG);<br />
2874<br />
:<br />
1679<br />
3.8 (QBG);<br />
: 3.16.1<br />
2892<br />
(QBG);<br />
: 3.4<br />
2562<br />
(BKF,<br />
: 3.5<br />
QBG).<br />
(QBG); 2708 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 2737 : 2.49 (BKF, QBG); 2874<br />
: 3.8 (QBG); 2892 : 3.4 (BKF, QBG).<br />
Suthisorn S. 534 : 3.16.1 (BK); 715 : 2.16 (BK); 1085 : 2.21 (BK); 1153 : 2.16 (BK); 1259 : 1.26<br />
Suthisorn<br />
(BK);<br />
S.<br />
1507<br />
534<br />
:<br />
:<br />
2.2<br />
3.16.1<br />
(BK);<br />
(BK);<br />
1519<br />
715<br />
: 2.2<br />
: 2.16<br />
(BK);<br />
(BK);<br />
1580<br />
1085<br />
: 3.4<br />
:<br />
(QBG);<br />
2.21 (BK);<br />
2241<br />
1153<br />
: 2.21<br />
: 2.16<br />
(BK);<br />
(BK);<br />
2360<br />
1259<br />
: 1.8<br />
:<br />
(BK);<br />
1.26<br />
2501<br />
(BK);<br />
:<br />
1507<br />
2.16 (BK);<br />
: 2.2 (BK);<br />
2514 :<br />
1519<br />
1.22<br />
:<br />
(BK);<br />
2.2 (BK);<br />
2570<br />
1580<br />
: 1.1<br />
:<br />
(BK);<br />
3.4 (QBG);<br />
2623 :<br />
2241<br />
3.16.1<br />
:<br />
(BK);<br />
2.21 (BK);<br />
2638<br />
2360<br />
: 1.9 (BK);<br />
: 1.8 (BK);<br />
3274<br />
:<br />
2501<br />
1.6 (BK);<br />
: 2.16 (BK);<br />
3388 :<br />
2514<br />
2.21<br />
:<br />
(BKF);<br />
1.22 (BK);<br />
3402<br />
2570<br />
: 2.55<br />
: 1.1<br />
(BK);<br />
(BK);<br />
3551<br />
2623<br />
: 2.25<br />
: 3.16.1<br />
(BK);<br />
(BK);<br />
3626<br />
2638<br />
: 2.16<br />
: 1.9<br />
(BK);<br />
(BK);<br />
3748<br />
3274<br />
:<br />
2.21<br />
: 1.6<br />
(BK);<br />
(BK);<br />
4105<br />
3388<br />
:<br />
2.16<br />
2.21<br />
(BK);<br />
(BKF);<br />
4116<br />
3402<br />
: 2.47<br />
: 2.55<br />
(BK);<br />
(BK);<br />
4198<br />
3551<br />
: 2.47<br />
: 2.25<br />
(BK).<br />
(BK); 3626 : 2.16 (BK); 3748 :<br />
2.21 (BK); 4105 : 2.16 (BK); 4116 : 2.47 (BK); 4198 : 2.47 (BK).<br />
Suvanakoses P. 1 : 1.1 (BKF); 100 : 1.1 (BKF); 101 : 1.2 (BKF); 102 : 1.1 (BKF); 103 : 2.23 (BKF);<br />
Suvanakoses<br />
104 :<br />
P.<br />
1.32 (BKF);<br />
1 : 1.1 (BKF);<br />
106 : 3.11<br />
100<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 1.1 (BKF);<br />
109 :<br />
101<br />
1.4 (BKF);<br />
: 1.2 (BKF);<br />
110 :<br />
102<br />
1.32<br />
:<br />
(BKF);<br />
1.1 (BKF);<br />
113<br />
103<br />
: 1.3<br />
: 2.23<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
120<br />
:<br />
104<br />
2.48<br />
: 1.32<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
122 :<br />
106<br />
2.55<br />
: 3.11<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
196 :<br />
109<br />
2.9<br />
:<br />
(BKF);<br />
1.4 (BKF);<br />
695 :<br />
110<br />
2.55<br />
:<br />
(BKF);<br />
1.32 (BKF);<br />
878 : 2.55<br />
113 :<br />
(BKF);<br />
1.3 (BKF);<br />
899 :<br />
120<br />
1.2<br />
:<br />
(BKF);<br />
2.48 (BKF);<br />
901: 2.12<br />
122 :<br />
(BKF);<br />
2.55 (BKF);<br />
931: 1.12<br />
196 :<br />
(BKF);<br />
2.9 (BKF);<br />
936<br />
695<br />
: 3.27<br />
: 2.55<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
974<br />
878<br />
: 2.47<br />
: 2.55<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
975<br />
899<br />
:<br />
:<br />
2.47<br />
1.2<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
980<br />
901:<br />
:<br />
2.12<br />
2.39 (BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
983<br />
931:<br />
: 2.47<br />
1.12<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1038<br />
936 : 3.27<br />
3.11 (BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1083<br />
974 : 2.47<br />
2.16 (BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1104<br />
975 : 2.47<br />
3.11<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF); 1258<br />
980 :<br />
:<br />
2.39<br />
2.23<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
983<br />
1259<br />
: 2.47<br />
: 1.10<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1038<br />
1260<br />
: 3.11<br />
: 2.9<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1083<br />
1434<br />
: 2.16<br />
2.25<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1104<br />
1435<br />
: 3.11<br />
3.10<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1508<br />
1258<br />
:<br />
2.25<br />
2.23<br />
(BKF);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1620<br />
1259<br />
:<br />
2.21<br />
1.10<br />
(BKF,<br />
(BKF);<br />
C,<br />
1260<br />
K); 1852<br />
: 2.9 (BKF);<br />
: 2.55 (BKF,<br />
1434<br />
C,<br />
: 2.25<br />
K);<br />
(BKF);<br />
1865 : 2.55<br />
1435<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 3.10<br />
2131<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 2.55<br />
1508<br />
(BKF).<br />
: 2.25 (BKF); 1620 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 1852 : 2.55 (BKF, C, K); 1865 : 2.55 (BKF);<br />
2131 : 2.55 (BKF).<br />
Suvanasutdhi K. 10 : 1.10 (BKF); 11 : 2.23 (BKF); 13 : 2.27 (BKF); 19 : 3.27 (BKF); 20 : 3.9 (BKF);<br />
Suvanasutdhi<br />
23 : 2.22<br />
K.<br />
(BKF);<br />
10 : 1.10<br />
112<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 1.5 (BKF);<br />
11 : 2.23<br />
121<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 3.10<br />
13<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 2.27<br />
165<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 1.1<br />
19<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 3.27<br />
189<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 2.16<br />
20<br />
(BKF);<br />
: 3.9 (BKF);<br />
214 :<br />
23 : 2.22 (BKF); 112 : 1.5 (BKF); 121 : 3.10 (BKF); 165 : 1.1 (BKF); 189 : 2.16 (BKF); 214 :
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 173<br />
1.19 (BKF); 231 : 2.22 (BKF); 254 : 1.11 (BKF); 260 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 263 : 2.22 (BKF); 305 :<br />
1.10 (BKF); 306 : 2.1 (BKF); 322 : 2.2 (BKF); 332 : 1.10 (BKF); 340 : 3.15 (BKF); 345 : 2.27<br />
(BKF); 346 : 1.32 (BKF); 458 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 494 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 514 : 2.16 (BKF); 521 : 3.2.2<br />
(BKF).<br />
Suvatabandhu K. 21 : 2.16 (BK); 58 : 1.9 (BK); 74 : 3.7 (BK, K); 77 : 2.16 (BK, K); 171 : 2.16 (K);<br />
189 : 2.25 (BK).<br />
Tagawa M. et al. T-86 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO); T-927 : 2.50 (BKF, KYO); T-1526 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
9071 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-9148 : 1.11 (BKF, KYO); T-9152 : 2.31 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Takahashi H. et al. T-60581 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-60606 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-60608 : 1.1 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-60619 : 2.39 (BKF, KYO); T-62966 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-63313 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF,<br />
KYO); T-63324 : 1.32 (BKF, KYO); T-63327 : 2.50 (BKF, KYO); T-63441 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-63526 : 3.2.2 (BKF, KYO); T-63530 : 3.1 (BKF, KYO); T-63532 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF, KYO);<br />
T-63534 : 1.32 (BKF, KYO); T-63536 : 2.50 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-63538 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-63539 : 1.32 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Tamura M.N. et al. ; T-60490 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-60493 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-60668 : 3.11 (BKF,<br />
KYO).<br />
Thaworn S. 9 : 3.27 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 334 : 2.21 (BKF); 447 : 2.1 (BKF); 454 : 1.33 (BKF); 642<br />
: 2.21 (BKF); 747 : 2.21 (BKF); 798 : 2.18 (BKF); 1033 : 2.21 (BKF).<br />
Thananon N. 6 : 3.19 (BKF).<br />
Tressukhon U. s.n. (26-1-1980) : 1.1 (BKF).<br />
Vanpruk L. 56 : 3.27 (BKF); 86 : 1.4 (BKF); 164 : 2.2 (K); 458 : 2.2 (BKF); 700 : 2.21 (BKF, K); 833<br />
: 1.23 (BKF).<br />
Vidal J.E. et al. 5340 : 1.10 (AAU); 6208 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF); 6210 : 3.14 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 6217<br />
: 2.27 (AAU, BKF); 6224 : 3.16.2 (BKF, C, K); 6224A : 3.9 (K); 6308 : 1.10 (AAU, BKF); 6355<br />
: 2.53 (AAU); s.n. (7-6-1979) : 2.37 (BKF).<br />
Wanakit S. 142 : 1.19 (BKF).<br />
Wanarak L.A. 19 : 1.12 (BK, K); s.n. (19-1-1925) : 1.22 (BK).<br />
Watthana S. et al. 23 : 3.12 (BKF, QBG); 28 : 1.3 (QBG); 113 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 200 : 3.27 (QBG);<br />
277 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 300 : 1.2 (BKF, QBG); 319 : 2.16 (QBG); 320 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 404 : 2.7<br />
(QBG); 651 : 2.22 (QBG); 908 : 3.23 (BKF, QBG); 1021 : 3.2.1 (BKF, QBG); 1031 : 3.6 (BKF,<br />
QBG); 1319 : 4.1 (AAU); 1408 : 2.22 (QBG); 1413 : 1.32 (QBG); 96-5 : 1.11 (QBG); 97-2 : 2.27<br />
(QBG); 98-1 : 4.1 (BKF, QBG); s.n. (27-10-1997) : 1.3 (QBG).<br />
Winit 269 : 3.27 (BKF); 305 : 3.10 (BM, K); 306 : 2.25 (BK, K); 307 : 3.11 (BM, K); 308 : 2.39 (K);<br />
408 : 2.2 (K); 702 : 2.2 (BKF, K); 720 : 3.6 (BK, BKF, K); 764 : 2.47 (BKF, K); 786 : 3.29 (BK,<br />
BKF, K); 1141 : 3.11 (BKF, K); 1283 : 2.49 (BKF, K); 1299 : 3.11 (BKF); 1315 : 3.4 (BKF, K);<br />
1351 : 1.1 (BK, BKF, K); 1374 : 3.27 (BK, BKF, K); 1790 : 3.11 (BK, BKF, K); 1963 : 2.49 (BK,<br />
BKF, K).<br />
Wongnak M. 56 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 57 : 3.6 (QBG); 109 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 110 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 111<br />
: 1.22 (BKF, QBG); 112 : 3.6 (QBG); 113 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 114 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 115 : 2.27<br />
(BKF, QBG); 116 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 150 : 2.25 (QBG); 151 : 1.32 (QBG, BKF); 152 : 3.6<br />
(QBG); 153 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG).<br />
Wongprasert Th. 82-3-6 : 3.2.2 (BKF, C, K); 83-3-16 : 3.8 (BKF); 88-8-30 : 2.51 (BKF); 88-8-30A<br />
: 2.9 (BKF); 88-8-31 : 1.32 (BKF); 88-10-24 : 2.16 (BKF); *92-6-68 : 2.28 (BKF); 92-6-s.n. :<br />
2.49 (BKF); 92-6-s.n. : 2.21 (BKF); 94-12-2 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 94-12-9 : 1.28 (BKF); 94-12-11 :<br />
1.24 (BKF); 95-8-12 : 2.9 (BKF); 95-8-12A : 1.11 (BKF); 97-5-2 : 2.21 (BKF); 97-11-24 : 1.3<br />
(BKF); 97-12-11 : 1.12 (BKF); 97-12-13 : 2.55 (BKF); 98-5-13 : 3.23 (BKF); 98-5-14 : 2.55<br />
(BKF); 98-5-16 : 2.7 (BKF); 98-5-16A : 3.27 (BKF); 98-5-30 : 2.49 (BKF); 99-3-6 : 1.2 (BKF);<br />
99-7-10 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 99-7-12 : 2.39 (BKF); 99-7-14 : 3.29 (BKF); 99-7-16 : 1.10 (BKF); 99-<br />
7-16A : 1.32 (BKF); 99-7-20 : 2.50 (BKF); 99-8-22 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 99-10-19 : 1.4 (BKF); 00-<br />
3-30 : 1.23 (BKF); 01-7-18 : 1.17 (BKF); 01-7-24 : 2.34 (BKF); 02-3-33 : 1.11 (BKF); 02-12-
174<br />
THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34<br />
15 : 2.32 (BKF); 02-12-16 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12-17 : 2.53 (BKF); 02-12-18 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12-<br />
20 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12-21 : 1.25 (BKF); 02-12-22 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12-23 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12-<br />
24 : 1.2 (BKF); 02-12-34 : 1.9 (BKF); 02-12-35 : 1.7 (BKF); 02-12-38 : 2.22 (BKF); 02-12-39<br />
: 1.9 (BKF); 02-12-41 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-42 : 1.9 (BKF); 02-12-44 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-45 :<br />
1.32 (BKF); 02-12-48 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-49 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-51 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-61<br />
: 1.4 (BKF); 03-1-04 : 3.1 (BKF); 03-1-05 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-06 : 2.7 (BKF); 03-1-07 : 2.7<br />
(BKF); 03-1-08 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-09 : 3.1 (BKF); 03-1-10 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-11 : 2.22 (BKF);<br />
03-1-12 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-13 : 2.2 (BKF); 03-1-14 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-15 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-16<br />
: 3.11 (BKF); 03-1-28 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-29 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-30 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-31 : 2.9<br />
(BKF); 03-1-32 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-33 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-1-34 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-1-35 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-<br />
1-36 : 3.23 (BKF); 03-1-37 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-38 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-39 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-40 :<br />
2.9 (BKF); 03-1-41 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-44 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 03-1-45 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-46 : 2.9<br />
(BKF); 03-1-47 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-55 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-56 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-1-57 : 3.4 (BKF);<br />
03-1-59 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-1-60 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-61 : 3.15 (BKF); 03-1-62 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-<br />
63 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-64 : 3.3 (BKF); 03-1-65 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-66 : 3.3 (BKF); 03-1-67 : 2.13<br />
(BKF); 03-1-68 : 2.13 (BKF); 03-1-69 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-1-70 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-71 : 3.2.1<br />
(BKF); 03-1-72 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-73 : 3.1 (BKF); 03-1-74 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-75 : 1.1 (BKF);<br />
03-1-76 : 2.93 (BKF); 03-1-77 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-1-78 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-79 : 2.7 (BKF); 03-1-<br />
80 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-81 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-1-82 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-88 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-89 :<br />
1.32 (BKF); 03-1-90 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-91 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-92 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-93 : 2.16<br />
(BKF); 03-2-01 : 2.27 (BKF); 03-2-02 : 3.3 (BKF); 03-2-03 : 3.15 (BKF); 03-2-09 : 1.17 (BKF);<br />
03-3-10 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-11 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-12 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-3-13 : 1.7 (BKF); 03-3-<br />
16 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-17 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-3-18 : 3.20 (BKF); 03-3-19 : 3.9 (BKF); 03-3-20 :<br />
3.29 (BKF); 03-3-21 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-3-22 : 1.7 (BKF); 03-3-23 : 2.53 (BKF); 03-3-24 : 1.7<br />
(BKF); 03-3-25 : 1.4 (BKF); 03-3-29 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-3-30 : 2.54 (BKF); 03-3-31 : 2.53 (BKF);<br />
03-3-32 : 2.54 (BKF); 03-3-33 : 2.12 (BKF); 03-3-34 : 2.39 (BKF); 03-3-35 : 2.53 (BKF); 03-<br />
3-36 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-3-37 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-3-38 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-3-39 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-3-40 :<br />
2.39 (BKF); 03-3-41 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-3-42 : 1.11 (BKF); 03-3-43 : 2.39 (BKF); 03-3-44 : 1.9<br />
(BKF); 03-3-45 : 3.10 (BKF); 03-3-46 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-3-59 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-60 : 1.10<br />
(BKF); 03-7-04 : 1.26 (BKF); 03-8-02 : 2.6 (BKF); 03-8-03 : 2.20 (BKF); 03-8-04 : 1.1 (BKF);<br />
03-8-06 : 3.23 (BKF); 03-8-07 : 2.6 (BKF); 03-8-08 : 2.53 (BKF); 03-8-09 : 3.25 (BKF); 03-8-<br />
12 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-8-15 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-8-16 : 1.32(BKF); 03-8-17 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-8-18 : 2.25<br />
(BKF); 03-9-07 : 2.18 (BKF); 03-9-09 : 1.24 (BKF); 03-9-21 : 2.7 (BKF); 03-9-21A : 2.7 (BKF);<br />
03-10-01 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-03 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-10-01 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-03 : 3.6 (BKF);<br />
03-10-01 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-03 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-10-05 : 3.10 (BKF); 03-10-06 : 2.47 (BKF);<br />
03-10-07 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-09 : 2.39 (BKF); 03-10-10 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-11 : 2.25 (BKF);<br />
03-10-12 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-13 : 1.2 (BKF); 03-10-14 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-15 : 1.18 (BKF);<br />
03-10-16 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-10-18 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-10-19 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-20 : 2.16 (BKF);<br />
03-10-21 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-10-22 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-10-24 : 1.4 (BKF); 03-10-25 : 1.18 (BKF);<br />
03-10-26 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-28 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-29 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-31 : 1.32 (BKF);<br />
03-10-32 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-10-33 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-34 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-10-35 : 2.12 (BKF);<br />
03-10-36 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-10-37 : 4.1 (BKF); 04-1-01 : 3.4 (BKF); 04-1-05 : 3.10 (BKF); 04-<br />
1-06 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-1-07 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-1-08 : 3.11 (BKF); 04-1-11 : 1.1 (BKF); 04-1-13<br />
: 3.22 (BKF); 04-1-15 : 1.17 (BKF); 04-1-17 : 2.12 (BKF); 04-1-18 : 2.9 (BKF); 04-1-22 : 3.25<br />
(BKF); 04-1-24 : 1.11 (BKF); 04-1-26 : 3.23 (BKF); 04-1-27 : 1.1 (BKF); 04-1-28 : 2.52 (BKF);<br />
04-1-30 : 1.17 (BKF); 04-1-32 : 1.17 (BKF); 04-1-35 : 3.1 (BKF); 04-1-38 : 3.17 (BKF); 04-1-<br />
43 : 1.17 (BKF); 04-1-44 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-1-47 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-1-49 : 2.12 (BKF); 04-1-50<br />
: 1.26 (BKF); 04-1-52 : 3.17 (BKF); 04-5-04 : 2.16 (BKF); 04-5-05 : 1.2 (BKF); 04-5-06 : 2.12<br />
(BKF); 04-5-32 : 3.6 (BKF); 04-5-34 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-5-37 : 1.3 (BKF); 04-5-41 : 1.2 (BKF);<br />
04-5-54 : 1.3 (BKF); 04-5-55 : 1.4 (BKF); 04-5-56 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-5-57 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-5-<br />
59 : 3.6 (BKF); 04-5-63 : 1.9 (BKF); 04-5-67 : 1.4 (BKF); 04-5-71 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-5-75 : 2.22<br />
(BKF); 04-5-76 : 1.4 (BKF); 04-5-79 : 2.2 (BKF); 04-5-81 : 3.9 (BKF); 04-5-84 : 3.6 (BKF); 04-<br />
5-90 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 04-5-92 : 1.9 (BKF); 04-5-93 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-5-101 : 2.9 (BKF); 04-5-102<br />
: 1.2 (BKF); 04-6-3 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-6-4 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-6-10 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-7-10 : 2.12<br />
(BKF); 04-7-11 : 2.12 (BKF); 04-7-13 : 1.24 (BKF); 04-7-14 : 2.25 (BKF); 04-7-15 : 1.24<br />
(BKF); 04-7-21 : 1.11 (BKF).
A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 175<br />
Yahara T. et al. T-49870 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-49872 : 2.13 (BKF, KYO); T-49989 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-50020 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-50021 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T-50023 : 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-50024<br />
: 2.49 (BKF, KYO); T-50037 : 3.3 (BKF, KYO); T-50139 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-50145 : 2.47<br />
(BKF, KYO); T-50149 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-50150 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-50151 : 2.16 (BKF,<br />
KYO); T-50152 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-50158 : 3.10 (BKF, KYO); T-50159 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO);<br />
T-50160 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-50162 : 3.16.1 (BKF, KYO); T-50165 : 3.10 (BKF, KYO); T-<br />
50166 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO); T-50167 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO).<br />
Yasothon Ch. 2 : 2.47 (BKF); 3: 3.11 (BKF); 18 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 19 : 3.10 (BKF); 20 : 2.25 (BKF); 22<br />
: 2.23 (BKF); 23 : 2.47 (BKF); 25 : 1.12 (BKF); 26 : 3.9 (BKF); 27 : 2.12 (BKF); 28 : 2.39 (BKF);<br />
29 : 3.23 (BKF); 30 : 3.20 (BKF); 31 : 2.12 (BKF); 32 : 2.22 (BKF); 32A : 2.50 (BKF); 33 : 2.49<br />
(BKF); 34 : 1.17 (BKF); 35 : 2.16 (BKF); 36 : 1.24 (BKF).