CRAPHIS ScnIPTA - Universitetet i Oslo
CRAPHIS ScnIPTA - Universitetet i Oslo
CRAPHIS ScnIPTA - Universitetet i Oslo
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<strong>CRAPHIS</strong> <strong>ScnIPTA</strong><br />
Volyrn 5, heifte '1., 1993<br />
Nordisk Lichenologsk Forening
Nordisk Lichenolo k F0renin<br />
Ordf6rande Presidenr: Tor Tonsberg, Botanisk<br />
Institutt, <strong>Universitetet</strong> i Bergen, All6gaten 41,<br />
N-5007 Bergen, Norge.<br />
Vice ordf6rande Vice-president: H6rdur<br />
Kristinsson, The Akureyri Museum of Natural<br />
History, P.O. Box 580, ffiz Akureyri, Island.<br />
Sekreterare Secretary: H6kon Holien, Botanisk<br />
Institutt AVH, <strong>Universitetet</strong> i Trondheim,<br />
N-7055 Dragvoll, Norge.<br />
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l-l<br />
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K, Danmark.<br />
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of Turku, SF-20500 Turku; Finland.<br />
Graphis Scripta is published by the Nordic<br />
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Scripta publishes papers of interest to Nordic<br />
lichenology and information from NLF.<br />
Membership of NLF is open to all persons.<br />
Membership in NLF is personal and costs<br />
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93-1., Nordisk Lichenologisk F6redng, clo I.<br />
Herber, Majgirdwigen 7, 5-141 M Huddinge,<br />
Sverige.<br />
Stockholm, januai 1993<br />
ISSN WOr-7593
Gunnar D.gelius: A Birthday Tribute<br />
Gunnar Degelius med den ftirsta Acharius-medaljen. Hemmesl
Gunnar Degelius 90 frr<br />
Mitt forsta m6te med Gunnar Degelius iigde<br />
rum i borjan av augusti 1968. Vi var en grupp<br />
studenter som stod infor Z-betygskursen i<br />
botanik, dAr han gjorde sin sista termin som<br />
universitetslektor fore pensioneringen. En och<br />
en kallades vi in till professorn som forhorde<br />
sig om studentbetyg i biologi, tidigare liirare<br />
mm. Snart kom vi att uppskatta denne tankspridde,<br />
sprdngliirde och mycket morgontr6tte<br />
f6reliisare. Gunnar iir en biolog av den gamla<br />
stammen, diir latinet iir lika naturligt som<br />
svenska, tyska eller engelska. "Idag stg jag en<br />
Vulpes vulpes" (rtiv) kan det heta, eller "vi fflr<br />
Psetta maxima till middog", det vill sSga piggvar.<br />
Det tir inte alltid s6 ltitt att hiinga med och<br />
om man nigon g8ng ser undrande ut kommer<br />
frigan blixtsnabbt: "Du har viil klassisk bildning?".<br />
Motet med Gunnar Degelius kom att<br />
betyda mycket for oss och hans encyklopediska<br />
vetande stimulerade oerh6rt. Det var ocksi<br />
6tskilliga ur kursen som kom att fortstitta med<br />
botanik och inte mindre rin tre specialiserade<br />
sig pi lichenologi.<br />
Degelius samlade sin forsta lav (Peltigera<br />
canina) som tolv6ring 61 1915. Den f6rsta<br />
kunskapen om viixter fick Gunnar fr5n sin<br />
fader, apotekaren och amatorbotanisten Bror<br />
Nilsson. Kapten Carl Stenholm bistod tidigt<br />
med identifieringar av lavar liksom sedermera<br />
A. H. Magnusson. De legendariska professorerna<br />
i viixtbiologi i Uppsala, Rutger Sernander<br />
och G. Einar Du Rietz, stimulerade<br />
Degelius studier av de oceaniska lavarna och<br />
tillsammans kom de att bilda ett centrum for<br />
lichenologisk forskning i vilket ocksi ingick<br />
Sten Ahlner, Torsten Hasselrot och Rolf Santesson.<br />
Ingen annan nu levande lavforskare har sA<br />
l6ng erfarenhet av iimnet som Degelius. Hans<br />
forsta publikation (om ett fynd av Anhonia<br />
spadicea) trycktes redan L923. Sedan dess har<br />
han publicerat en l6ng rad avhandlingar,<br />
m6nga redan klassiska. Han skriver fbr<br />
tilltiillet p5 ett arbete om nya Collema-arter.<br />
Det handlar om 70 6r av lichenologisk forskning!<br />
Gunnar 6r en god beriittare och det iir<br />
alltid spiinnande att hora om de vidstriickta<br />
resorna och personliga moten med lichenologer<br />
som Anders, Erichsen, Gyelnik, Havaas,<br />
Hillmann, kttau, Malme, Redinger, Watson<br />
och hhlbruckner.<br />
Generositet och hjalpsamhet ktinnetecknar<br />
hans person och de studenter och etablerade<br />
lichenologer som besdkt honom i Askim har<br />
under hemttirden dignat under stora hogar av<br />
bocker och siirtryck som han frikostigt skiinkt.<br />
Minga har konsulterat honom i knepiga<br />
nomenklaturfrflgor eller med latinska diagnoser.<br />
Noggrannhet 6r en annan egenskap hos<br />
Gunnar och han klagar ofta over slarvfel och<br />
diligt latin i yngre kollegers arbeten. Det<br />
makalosa biblioteket har varit till oskattbar<br />
hjalp och mitt eget avhandlingsarbete hade<br />
blivit mycket svirare utan hans assistans.<br />
Genom Gunnars frikostighet fick jag 1986<br />
folja honom pi en oforglomlig tiird till<br />
Azorerna.<br />
Efter en viss overtalning reste Degelius till<br />
det internationella lavsymposiet i Hemmesl6v i<br />
september 192. HAr kom han att erhilla den<br />
forsta Acharius-medaljen, instiftad av IAL,<br />
den internationella sammanslutningen av<br />
lavforskare. For m6nga av deltagarna blev det<br />
en h6gtidsstund att te triiffa honom och insvept<br />
i cigarr6k syntes han ivrigt diskutera<br />
lichenologiska frigor till l6ngt in pi smAtimmarna.<br />
Det iir en i sinnet ung 90-6ring, sgffi<br />
med en hiirlig sjtilvironi litet f6rsynt gav<br />
foljande omdome om en kollega som nyss ryllt<br />
sjuttio: "Han Ar urgammal".<br />
Gunnar, dina lichenologiska vdnner runt om i<br />
viirlden hyllar dig i samband med 90-6rsdagen<br />
genom detta hiifte av Graphis Scripta.<br />
Vi onskar dig fortsatt lycka till pi din fiird<br />
genom lavarnas rike!<br />
Lars Aruidsson
Stigmidium degelii, s new lichenicolous fungus<br />
ROLF SANTESSON<br />
Santesson, R. 1993: Stigmidium degelii, a new lichenicolous fungus. Graphis<br />
Scipta 5: 3-4. Stockholm. ISSN 0901 -7593.<br />
A commensalistic (parasymbiotic) fungus, Srign idium degelii R. Sant. sp. nov.,<br />
on Degelia plumbea is reported from Sweden, Nonvay and Scotland.<br />
Rolf Santesson, Botanical Museum (Fytoteket), Uppsala University, Box 541,<br />
5-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.<br />
In 1981 the lichen genus Degelia was established<br />
to accomodate some species from the<br />
Southern Hemisphere (Arvidsson & Galloway<br />
1981). later the genus was circumscribed to<br />
include also the Parmeliella plumbea-group<br />
(Jorgensen & James 1990), which had been<br />
thoroughly studied by G. Degelius (1935) and<br />
tqeated in his important work on oceanic<br />
lichens.<br />
Very few lichenicolous fungi have been<br />
reported as living on Degelia plumbea. A<br />
common and widely distributed species confined<br />
to this host was described in L862 by<br />
Anzi as Leciographa plumbina. Recently<br />
Timdal (1991) has shown that this species<br />
belongs to the genus Toninia. It is a commensalistic<br />
fungus often collected especially in<br />
Scandinavia as seen from the distribution map<br />
published by Timdal. Nectria lecanodes Ces., a<br />
species with very wide host range (most common<br />
on Peltigera) was reported as growing on<br />
Degelia plumbea in France by Vouau (1912,<br />
"v. euryspora").<br />
Degelia duietzii and D. gayana (syn. Coccocarpia<br />
gayana) from South America and<br />
New Zealand are hosts of Roselliniella coccocarpiae<br />
(Pat.) Matzer & R. Sant., (Matzer &<br />
Hafellner 1990).<br />
A species of Stigmidium not seldom seen<br />
on Degelia plumbea represents a hitherto<br />
undescribed species and is now named in hon-<br />
our of Professor Gunnar Degelius, my first<br />
teacher in lichenology.<br />
Stigmidium degelii R. Sant., sp. nov.<br />
Fungus lichenicola. Mycelium immersuffi,<br />
hyalinum. Perithecia dispersa, primum<br />
immersa, demum leviter erumpentia, subglobosa,<br />
c. 0.1 mm diam. Asci obclavati, 6 (-8?)spori.<br />
Hamathecium haud evolutum. Sporae<br />
l"-septatae, hyalinae, clavatae, 11-16 x 4-5<br />
pm. Scnidia immersa, globosa, 30-50 pm<br />
diam. Conidia bacillaria,4-5 x 0.8 pm.<br />
Typus: Norvegia, Hordaland, paroecia<br />
Tysnes, Sunde prope Lnksund, in thallo<br />
Degeliae plumbeae, 5.VI[.1932, leg. G.<br />
Degelius (UPS, holotypus).<br />
No formation of galls or discoloration of the<br />
host thallus. Perithecia rather evenly scattered,<br />
not confluent, immersed in the surface layers<br />
of the host lichen, only the dark upper part of<br />
the perithecium visible in surface view, finally<br />
slightly protruding, subglobose, 80- 110 pm<br />
wide, 100- L30 pm tall, perithecial wall pseudoparenchymatous,<br />
composed of 3-4 layers of<br />
slightly compressed cells, the upper part dark<br />
brown, 10-15,rzm thick, lateral and basal parts<br />
pale brown, 5-10 pm thick. Hamathecium<br />
absent. Asci usually obclavate, I-, apex<br />
strongly thickened, discharge not seen, 30-35<br />
x 10-15 Fn,6(-8?)-spored. Ascospores
4 Rolf Santesson<br />
irregularly arranged in the asci, hyaline, 1septate,<br />
clavate to ellipsoid, the upper cell<br />
somewhat broader, (9-)11-16 x (3-)4-5 pm.<br />
Pycnidia often numerous, immersed in the<br />
surface layers of the lichen, globose, 30-50,rm<br />
in diam., wall pale brownish. Conidia bacillar,<br />
4-5 x 0.8- 1.0 pm.<br />
Specimens examined (all on Degelia plumbea<br />
and all in UPS): Sweden. Smdland: on the<br />
island Jungfrun, in the southern forest, on<br />
Quercus, I9.Vl.l9l4, G. E. Du Rietz, will be<br />
distributed as Santesson, Fungi Lichenic. exs.<br />
L74. Vdsteryhtland: Mt Halleberg, V6nersniis<br />
parish, Hallesnipen at Predikstolen, on<br />
Populus tremula in a rather dark forest,<br />
23.IX.I96L, R. Santesson, I4377c. Nonuay.<br />
Hordaland: see above Wpus, G. Degelius.<br />
More og Romsdal: BjOrkedalseidet, oD Sorbus<br />
and Betula in an E-slope, 31..VIII.1933, T. E.<br />
Hasselrot. Nordland: Evenes (Skf,nland?),<br />
I-avangeidet above Evenes, J. M. Norman;<br />
Kjerrin gay, 25.V.1807, G. Wahlenberg. British<br />
Isles, Scotland. East Inverness: (V.C. 96), 3.5<br />
km E of Fort Augustus, Gren Doc, 57o09'N,<br />
4o38'W, alt. 150 m, on a trunk of Corylus<br />
avellana in shaded situation, 26.V.I976, L.<br />
Tibell 6538b; West Inverness: (V.C. 97), I-och<br />
nan Uamh, 3-4 km E of Arisaig, on Fagus in<br />
a Fagus forest. 12.VII.I969, R. Santesson<br />
20243e.<br />
Discussion<br />
Stigmidium Trevisan (syn. Pharcidia Korber),<br />
a genus in the Mycosphaerellaceae, requires a<br />
monographic treatment. In Sweden and Norway<br />
we know at present 20 species of a total<br />
number of perhaps 40 species which are all<br />
lichenicolous. Most species are confined to a<br />
very restricted number of host lichens, only<br />
few are found on species of different, nonrelated<br />
lichen genera.<br />
In many cases it is diffrcult to state the<br />
true relationship betrveen the different species<br />
of Stigmidium since the interpretation of the<br />
evolutionary value of many characters is very<br />
difficult.<br />
A species which seems to be related to S.<br />
degelii is S. schaerei (Massal.) Trevisan<br />
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
(Santesson 1960, Hawksworth 1983, Triebel<br />
1989). The name ,S. schaereri has often been<br />
used in a very broad sense, including several<br />
species which are clearly different. S. schaerei<br />
sensu stricto is a fungus living commensally on<br />
the terricolous lichen usually referred to as<br />
Dacampia hookeri. S. degelii has somewhat<br />
larger and less protruding perithecia than S.<br />
schaerei. Pycnidia are regularly found in S.<br />
degelii and are often abundant. They have not<br />
been found in S. schaereri.<br />
It is diffrcult to get spores free from the<br />
asci of S. degelii. At present a detailed study of<br />
the spore size of this species compared with<br />
other species of Stigmidium is not possible. It<br />
has to be left until a monographic treatment of<br />
the genus is made.<br />
References<br />
Arvidsson, L. & Galloway, D. J. L981: Degelia,<br />
a new lichen genus in the Pannariaceae.<br />
Lichenologist I 3 : 27 -50.<br />
Degelius, G. 1935: Das ozeanische Element<br />
der Strauch- und laubflechtenflora von<br />
Skandinavien. Acta Phyngeogr. Suecica 7.<br />
Hawksworth, D. L. 1983: A key to the lichenforming,<br />
parasitic, parasymbiotic and saprophytic<br />
fungi occuring on lichens in the<br />
British Isles. Lichenologist 15: L-44,<br />
Jorgensen, P. M. & James, P. W. 190: Studies<br />
in the lichen family Pannariaceae IV: The<br />
genus Degelia. Bibl. Lichenol. 38:<br />
253-276.<br />
Matzer, M. & Hafellner, J. l9X): Eine Revision<br />
der lichenicolen Arten der Sammelgattung<br />
Rosellinia (Ascomycetes). Bibl.<br />
Lichenol. 37.<br />
Santesson, R. 1960: Lichenicolous fungi from<br />
northern Spain. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 54:<br />
499-522.<br />
Timdal, E. l99l: A monograph of the genus<br />
Toninia (kcideaceae, Ascomycetes).<br />
Opera Bot. 110: t-I37.<br />
Triebel, D. 1989: Ircideicole Ascomyceten.<br />
Bibl. Lichenol. 35.<br />
Vouaur, L. l9l2: Synopsis des Champignons<br />
parasites de Lichens. Bull. Soc. Myc.<br />
France 28: L78-256.
Leptogium degelii, a new species from South America<br />
MARIE LINDSTROM<br />
Lindstrbr, M. 1993: kptogium degelii, a new species from South America.<br />
Graphis Scipta 5:5-7. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593.<br />
A new species, Leptogium degelii, belonging to the non-hairy Leptogium<br />
azureum group is described from French Guyana.<br />
Maie Lindstrom, University of Goteborg, Department<br />
Carl Skottsbetgs Gata 22, 5-413 19 Goteborg, Sweden.<br />
During my work on a revision of the nonhairy<br />
species of Leptogium in South America,<br />
several new species have been found, one of<br />
which is described below. Terms for anatomical<br />
structures of apothecia follow Henssen and<br />
Jahns (1973). Statistical calculations of spore<br />
measurements were performed in accordance<br />
with the method of Infgren and Tibell (1979).<br />
I-eptogium degelii M. Lindstrdm, sp.<br />
rl.<br />
nov.<br />
Thallus inter muscos corticola, 35-72 mm<br />
crassus, rhizinis sparsis, tomento nullo, isidiis<br />
absentibus, cortice utrimque unistrato; lobi<br />
tenues, papyracei, 1-3 mm lati,2-6 mm longi.<br />
Apothecia vulgaria, laminaria, sessilia, 1.0-2.5<br />
mm diam., rubro-brunnescenti; hymenium<br />
90-1L8 ,nm altum. Ascospone 2l-25 x 8-10<br />
Itfr, fusiformes, 3-5 transverse septatae, 0-1<br />
longitudinalitu septatae.<br />
Type: French Guyana, Trois Sauts, Wilatspi<br />
(Way6pi), 02o15'N, 52"40'W, on lianas and<br />
horizontal branches, 18 October L976,<br />
Jacquemin 1898 (U, holotype).Figure 1.<br />
*Thir ta:ron is named in honour of professor<br />
Gunnar Degelius, Goteborg, who collected the<br />
first material of this new species during his<br />
field trip to French Guyana in 1958.<br />
of Systematic Botanl,<br />
Thallus orbicular to irregular, loosely attached<br />
to closely adnate, 2-5(-8) cm diam., foliose,<br />
lobate. Lobes regular, flat, spreading, papyraceous,<br />
easily fragmented, flabellate, discrete,<br />
l-3 mm wide, 2-6 mm long. Apices of lobes<br />
rounded, with entire, sparingly undulate margins.<br />
Upper surface roughened, matt, usually<br />
weakly bullate-faveolate, without isidia, but<br />
sometimes with phyllidia along lobe margins;<br />
pale blue-grey, occasionally with a brownish<br />
cast when dry, blue to mauve when wet. Lower<br />
surface similar to upper, occasionally with<br />
scattered tufts of pale, very short rhizohyphae.<br />
Apothecia usually present, more or less<br />
abundant, laminal on the upper surface, scattered<br />
to crowded, sessile to short stipitate,<br />
rounded to ellipsoid, 1.0- 1.5(-2.0) mm diam.<br />
Disc plane to convex, pale brown to redbrown.<br />
Thalline margin distinct, persistent,<br />
pale, with small irregular, granular to terete<br />
appendag€s, concolourous with the thallus.<br />
Pycnidia sometimes present, laminal near<br />
lobe margins, wart-like, red to red-brown or<br />
almost black.<br />
Anatomy<br />
Thallus 35-72,rzm thick. Upper cortex distinct,<br />
hyaline, 6-L2 pm thick, of one single layer of<br />
thick-walled isodiametric cells. Inner portion<br />
of thallus homoiomerous, 24- 47 pm thick, of
6 Marie Lindstrdnt<br />
irregularly orientated, intenn oven hyphae and<br />
photobiont cells; hyphae 2.5-3.5 pm thick.<br />
Photobiont Nostoc; cells 6-8 x 3.5-5 Ffr,<br />
ellipsoid or rarely globose, in short chains.<br />
l,ower cortex similar to upper cortex, 6-17 pm<br />
thick, occasionally with short rhizo-hyphae of<br />
hyaline, cylindrical cells, 2.5-3.5 pm.<br />
Apothecia zeorine with a narrow, poorly<br />
developed, cupulate excipulum of periclinal<br />
hyphae, best observed at the margins where it<br />
is 35-47 pm thick. Thalline margin 45-65 pm<br />
thick. Mature apothecia with prominent basal<br />
and marginal supporting tissue of hyaline cortical<br />
cells; at the margins 5-7 cells thick, 45-<br />
%) pm thick, underneath the hymenium 8- 10<br />
cells thick, 94-118 pm thick, distinctly paraplectenchymatous.<br />
Subhymenial layer 45-95<br />
pm thick, of closely compacted, irregularly<br />
orientated hyphae, opsgu€, yellowish.<br />
Hymenium 90-118 pm high. Epihymenium 6-<br />
18 pm high, reddish-brown, pigment external<br />
to apices of the paraphyses, paraphyses<br />
conglutinated in a gelatinous matrix, 1-2.5 pm<br />
thick below, apical cells 3.5 pm wide, septated.<br />
Asci clavate to cylindrical, 71-100 x 9.5-1,4<br />
pm. Ascospores mono- to distichous, hyaline,<br />
usually ellipsoid to fusiform, occasionally with<br />
acute apices and apiculi, 2L-25 x 8- 10 ,rzm<br />
(length: mean value 23.2 Fn, SD 2.0 Ffr,<br />
L.min. I7.7 Ffr, L.mar. 28.3 Fffi, n=90; width:<br />
meanvalue 9.3 pm, SD 1.2 Ffr, W.min. 7.I pm,<br />
W.ma)r. 1L.8 Ffr, n=90), eight per ascus,<br />
usually more or less submuriform with 3 (-5)<br />
transverse septa, 1 longitudinal septum (rarely<br />
without longitudinal septum). Epispore c. I pm<br />
thick, usually more or less smooth, sometimes<br />
minutely pitted.<br />
Pycnospores hyaline, bacillariform, c. 3.5 x<br />
0.5-L.0 pm.<br />
Distribution, habitat and ecoloEr<br />
Leptogium degefii is a neotropic species with,<br />
as far as knowo, & very limited distribution in<br />
French Guyana. Unfortunately I have no own<br />
field experience of this new taxon, and the<br />
notations on habitat and ecology are usually<br />
very scanty. However, it seems to be more or<br />
less restricted to the primary lowland rainfor-<br />
GRAPHTS SCRIPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
est in the central and southern parts of French<br />
Guyana.<br />
Leptogium degelii is a corticolous species<br />
and has been collected on the trunk and<br />
branches of various trees (e.g. Theobroma),<br />
and lianas. One of the specimens (Jacquemin<br />
2329) was found growing submerged<br />
(presumably on rocks) in the Qapock River.<br />
L. degelii grows usually intermingled with<br />
bryophytes and other lichens, occasionally with<br />
filmy ferns. Sometimes it is associated with<br />
other species of Leptogium, vrz. L. (uureum<br />
(S*.) Mont., L. diaphanum (S*.) Mont., and<br />
L. reticulatum Mont.<br />
The altitudinal distribution ranges from c.<br />
35 m to 200-300 m.<br />
Remarks<br />
Leptogium degelii is characterized by the<br />
thin, papyraceous thallus with a roughened,<br />
matt and weakly bullate-faveolate upper surface,<br />
the shortly stipitate apothecia with small<br />
irregular, granular to terete appendages on the<br />
thalline margin. L. degelii seems to have a<br />
more or less constant morphology. Some variation<br />
is observed in the colour of lobes and<br />
apothecia. This new species belong to the<br />
Leptogium azureum group since the anatomy<br />
and ontogeny of the apothecia and the spores<br />
agrees well with that of L. azureum. L. degelii<br />
is easily separated from L. azureum by smaller,<br />
thinner and spreading lobes, matt, bullatefaveolate<br />
upper surface, the thalline margin<br />
with irregular appendages, and ascospores with<br />
a more or less smooth epispore.<br />
Additional specimens examined; French<br />
Guyana. River Comt4: between Belizon and<br />
Jalbot, M'15'N, 52"38'W, 35 m, L3 June 1.958,<br />
Degelius s.n. pro ma(. parte (Herb. Degelius);<br />
Saiil, near Boeuf Mort, 03'38'N, 53"L2'W,<br />
200-300 m, March 1985, Aptroot 15243 pro<br />
parte, 15345 (U); Saiil, near Roche Bateau,<br />
03"38'N, 53"10'W, 200-300 m, March 1985,<br />
Aptroot 15392, 15444 (U); Trois Sauts,<br />
Oyapock, 02'15'N , 52"40'W, 16 March 1979,<br />
Jacquemin 2329 (U).
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
Figure 1. Leptogium degelii, part of holotype (U). Scale=l cm.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
I wish to thank the curator of the Utrecht<br />
herbarium for loan of material and professor<br />
Gunnar Degelius for loan of material from his<br />
private herbarium in G6teborg. I am also very<br />
grateful to professor Gunnar Harling for help<br />
with the latin diagnosis and to Dr l-ars<br />
Leptogium degelii 7<br />
Arvidsson for his comments on the manuscript.<br />
References<br />
Henssen, A. & Jahns, H. M. L973 ("L974"):<br />
Lichenes, eine Einftihrung in die Flechtenkunde.<br />
Thieme Verlag. Stuttgart.<br />
l-ofgren, O. & Tibell, L. 1979: Sphinctrina in<br />
Europe . Lichenologist 11: 109-L37 .
Palaeotropical species of Pseudocyphellaria collected by Gunnar<br />
Degelius in 1964 and 1970<br />
DAVID J. GALLOWAY and SOPHIE KEMP<br />
Galloway, D. J. & Kemp, S. 1993: Palaeotropical species of Pseudocyphellaria<br />
collected by Gunnar Degelius in 1964 and L970. Graphis Scipta 5: 8-11.<br />
Stockholm. ISSN 090I-7 593.<br />
A list of 11 species of Pseudocyphellaria collected by Gunnar Degelius from<br />
Japan, Malaya (Malaysia), the Philippines, India and Ceylon (Sri I-anka) in<br />
1964, and from Frji, New Caledonia and Tahiti in L970 is presented and<br />
includes the following tana: P. argtracea, P. aurata, P. crocata, P. desfontainii,<br />
P. gilva, P. inticata, P. pickeringu" p. reineckeana and P. sulphurea. Pseudoqphellaia<br />
crocatoi.des D. J. Galloway is newly described from material<br />
collected in Flji, and the new combination P. punctillaris (Miill. Arg.) D. J.<br />
Galloway is proposed.<br />
David l. Galloway, Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum,<br />
Cromwell Road, London SW7 sBD, United Kingdom.<br />
Sophie Kemp, West View Cottage, 12 Weswiew Road, Warlingham, Sunq CR6<br />
gJD, United Kingdom.<br />
Gunnar Degelius has made many collections<br />
of the genus Pseudoqphellaia during his<br />
travels in search of species of Collerna and his<br />
name is already associated with the genus in<br />
the New bland species P. degelli (Galloway<br />
1985a, 1988). During studies on palaeotropical<br />
species of Pseudoqtphellaria I examined material<br />
collected by Gunnar Degelius during two<br />
different visits to Indian Ocean and Pacific<br />
Ocean localities. In L964 he visited India,<br />
Ceylon (Sri [anka), Japan, Malaya (Malaysia)<br />
and the Philippines, and in 1970 Tahiti, Fiji<br />
and New Caledonia (Degelius L974). These<br />
collections are of considerable biogeographical<br />
importance since they extend known ranges of<br />
a number of ta
GRAPHIS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
apothecia rara, disco albo-pruinoso, sporae<br />
8:nae.<br />
Typer Flji, Taveuni, Mt Utuigatau, near<br />
summit, tree trunks in rainforest, c. 1140 m,22<br />
April 1970, G. Degelius P-236 (Herb. Degelius!,<br />
holotype; BM!, isotype).<br />
This is a characteristic species in the P.<br />
crocata-group, i.e. taxa having a white medulla,<br />
a cyanobacterial photobiont, yellow<br />
pseudocyphellae on the lower surface and a<br />
chemistry containing stictic acid metabolites,<br />
hopane -6a,7 $,Z?-triol as the dominant triterpenoid,<br />
and the pigments calycin, pulvinic<br />
dilactone and pulvinic acid (Galloway 1988). It<br />
is distinguished by the distinctive marginal<br />
(rarely laminal) lobulate proliferations, and a<br />
smooth upper surface without isidia or soredia.<br />
Additional specimen: Taveuni, Mt Utuigatau,<br />
tree trunks in rainforest, c. 840 m, 1970,<br />
DegeliusP-243.<br />
Pseudocyphellaria punctillaris (Mtill.<br />
Atg.) D. J. Galloway, comb. nov.<br />
Basionym: Stictina punctillaris Mtill. Atg.,<br />
Hedwigia 30: 48 (189L). - Stictina fragillima f.<br />
punctillaris (MUll. Arg.) Stizenb., Flora, Jena<br />
81": L29 (L895). - Sticta fragillima f. punctillaris<br />
(Miill. Arg.) Zu,hlbr., Cat. Lich. Univ. 3:<br />
382 (rezs).<br />
Type: Australia, Queensland, near Mt<br />
Bellenden Ker, "Whelman Pools, Austral.<br />
orient." L889, F. M. Bailey 567 (G W25441,<br />
holotype).<br />
This species has rather shortly + subdichotomously<br />
branching lobes with a white medulla,<br />
a cyanobacterial photobiont, and white pseudocyphellae<br />
on both upper and lower surfaces.<br />
It has a simple two-hopane chemistry, with<br />
tenuiorin and gyrophoric acid present as<br />
accessories. Formerly known only from eastern<br />
Australia.<br />
Philippines. Ltnon: Prov. I-aguna, Mt<br />
Makiling, rainforest, c. 700 m, 1964, Degelius<br />
As-704, As-706.<br />
Palaeotropical Pseudoqtphellaria 9<br />
Pseudoqtphellaria arglracea (Delise) Vainio.<br />
- A widespread, palaeotropical species<br />
known also from New T.ealand and Chile<br />
(Galloway 1988, 1992). India. Madras:<br />
Palni Hills, Kodaikanal Bombay Shola, c.<br />
ZLm m, L964. Degelius As-356. Sri<br />
Lanka. Central Prov.: Hakgalla, Botanical<br />
Garden, c. 1675 m, 1964, Degelius As-<br />
4121, Nuwara Eliya, Near Golf Club, c.<br />
L850 m, L964, Degelius As-436, As- 487;<br />
Ibid., Grand Hotel, on tree in garden, 1850<br />
m, 196/', Degelius As-482; Ibid.,<br />
Mahagastotte Tea Factory, c. 1800 m,<br />
l9&, Degelius As-430. Malaysia.<br />
Pahang: Cameron Highlands, Tanak Rata,<br />
c. 1500 m, I9&, Degelius As-573, As-<br />
597; Fraser's Hill, below Fraser's Hill<br />
Hotel, c. L300 m, 196{ Degelius As-67L.<br />
P. aurata (Ach.) Vainio. A characteristic<br />
sorediate, yellow-medulla species widespread<br />
in both tropical and cool temperate<br />
regions (Galloway 1998, t992, Galloway &<br />
Arvidsson 1990). Malaysia. Pahang:<br />
Cameron Highlands, Tanak Rata, Golf<br />
Links, c. 1500 m, 1964, Degelius As-547,<br />
As-550. Philippines. Luzon' Prov.<br />
Benguet, Baguio, Luneta Hill, c. 1500 m,<br />
1964, Degelius As-905.<br />
P. crocata (L.) Vainio. A widespread, cosmopolitan<br />
species (Galloway 1988, 1992,<br />
Galloway & Arvidsson 1990). Japan.<br />
Honshu.' Prov. Kai, Mt Fuji near Komitake<br />
Shrine, c. 2370 m, L964, Degelius<br />
As-974; Mt Fuji, base Goten-nima, c.970<br />
m, 1964, Degelius As-996. Malaysia.<br />
Pahang: Cameron Highlands, Tanak Rata,<br />
c. L500 m, L954, Degelius As-567. Philippines.<br />
Ltnon: Prov. Benguet, Baguio, Mt<br />
Santo Tomas, N. side, c. 2100 m, 1964,<br />
Degelius As-850, As-860.<br />
P. desfontainii (Delise) Vainio. A palaeotropical<br />
ta:ron, the isidiate, non-sorediate<br />
counterpart of P. crocata and formerly<br />
known from South Africa, the Indian<br />
Ocean islands, New Caledonia and northeastern<br />
Australia (Galloway 1985b). Sri<br />
Lanka. Central Prov.: Hakgalla, Botanical<br />
Garden, c. 1675 m, l9@, Degelius As-<br />
4lL; Nuwara Eliya, near Golf Club, c.
10 David J. Galloway and Sophie Kemp<br />
1850 m, 196/, Degelius As- 440. Malaysia.<br />
Pahang: Cameron Highlands, Tanak Rata,<br />
Golf Links, c. 1500 m, LW, Degelius As-<br />
568, As-576; Pahang: Fraser's Hill,<br />
Fraser's Hill Hotel, c. 1350 m, 1964,<br />
Degelius As-611, As-620. FUi. Taveuni:<br />
Mt Utuigatau, near summit, c. 1140 m,<br />
1970, Degelius P-205; Ibid., c. 840 m,<br />
1970, Degelius P-230. Tahiti. Onohea<br />
Valley, N. of Taravao, otr Hibiscus<br />
tiliaceus, 1970, Degelius P-346; Belvedere,<br />
near Papeete, tree trunks in light forest,<br />
c. 550 m, 1970, Degelius P-390.<br />
P. gilva (Ach.) Malme. - A palaeotropical fertile<br />
species having a white medulla, a<br />
cyanobacterial photobiont and yellow<br />
pseudocyphellae on the lower surface and<br />
at the lobe margins. It is known from<br />
South Africa (the type locality) to southern<br />
South America (Galloway 1992). Philippines.<br />
Luzon' Prov. Benguet, Baguio,<br />
Mt Santo Tomas, N. side, c. ?IW m and<br />
summit, c. 2200 m, 1964, Degelius As-<br />
854, As-876.<br />
P. intricata (Delise) Vainio. - A cosmopolitan<br />
sorediate species (Galloway 1988, 1992,<br />
Galloway & Arvidsson 1990). Sri Lanka.<br />
Central Prov.: Nuwara Eliya, near the Golf<br />
Club, c. 1850 m, 1964, Degelius As-443;<br />
Nuwara Eliya, Grand Hotel c. 1850 m,<br />
1964, Degelius As-479. Malaysia. Pahang:<br />
Fraser's Hill, Fraser's Hill Hotel, c.<br />
1.350 m, L964, Degelius As-608, As-612,<br />
As-622; Fraser's Hill, below Fraser's Hill<br />
Hotel, c. 13ffi m, 1964, Degelius As-653.<br />
Philippines. Ltnon: Prov. Benguet,<br />
Baguio, Mt Santo Tomas N. side, c. 2100<br />
m, L964, Degelius As-855; Ibid., c. 1560<br />
m, 1964, Degelius As-896.<br />
P. pickeringii (Tuck.) D. J. Galloway. - A<br />
characteristic isidiate, yellow medulla species<br />
widely distributed in the palaeotropics<br />
(Galloway 1988, Elix, Streimann & Archer<br />
1992). Philippines. Luzon: Prov. Benguet,<br />
Baguio, Mt Santo Tomas, N. side, c. 1800<br />
m, 1964, Degelius As-822.<br />
P. reineckeana (Mull. Arg.) D. J. Galloway.<br />
- Apparently endemic to FUi, and characterised<br />
by narrow, subdichotomously<br />
GRAPHTS SCRIPTA 5 (19e3)<br />
branching lobes with a white medulla, a<br />
green photobiont, and white pseudocyphellae<br />
on both upper and lower surfaces<br />
(Galloway 1985b). Fiii. Vanua Irvu,<br />
Mt Delaikoro, near summit, tree trunks in<br />
rainforest, c. 900 m, 1970, Degelius P-L80,<br />
P-200.<br />
P. sulphurea (Schaerer) D. J. Galloway. - A<br />
widespread palaeotropical species having a<br />
white medulla, a green photobiont, a dimpled,<br />
impressed upper surface (not faveolate)<br />
and white pseduocyphellae on the<br />
lower surface (Galloway 1985b). New<br />
Caledonia, Mont Koghi, W. side, base,<br />
tree trunks along a stream, c. L50 m, 1970,<br />
Degelius P-87; Riviere, rainforest not far<br />
from Ouenarou, tree trunks, c. 100 m,<br />
1970, Degelius P-109. Fiji. Taveuni, Mt<br />
Utuigalau, tree trunks in rainforest, c. 870<br />
m, 1970, Degelius P-208; Ibid., near<br />
summit, tree trunks in rainforest, c. 1110<br />
m, common and often abundant!, 1970,<br />
Degelius P-210.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
We are grateful to Prof. Gunnar Degelius<br />
(Askim) for allowing us to study his palaeotropical<br />
collections of. Pseudoqtphellaria, and<br />
to Prof. Per Magnus Jorgensen (Bergen) for<br />
help with the latin diagnosis.<br />
References<br />
DegeliuS, G. L974: The lichen genus Collema<br />
with special reference to the extra-European<br />
species. Symb. Bot. Upsal.20: L-215.<br />
Elix, J. A., Streimann, H. & Archer, A. 'W.<br />
1992: The lichens of Norfolk Island 2. The<br />
genera Cladonia, Pertusaria, Pseudocyphellaria<br />
and Ramalina. Proceedings of<br />
the Linnean Society of New South Wales<br />
113:57-76.<br />
Galloway, D. J. 1985a: Flora of New Zealand<br />
Lichens. New kaland Government<br />
Printer, Wellington.<br />
Galloway, D. J. 1985b: Nomenclatural notes<br />
on Pseudocyphellaria II: some Southern<br />
Hemisphere tara. Lichenologist 17: 303-<br />
307.
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
Galloway, D. J. 1988: Studies in Pseudoryphellaria<br />
(lichens) I. The New Zealand<br />
species. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist. (Bot.) 17:<br />
r-267.<br />
Galloway, D. J. 1992: Studies in Pseudocyphellaria<br />
(lichens) III. The South<br />
American species. Bibliotheca Lichenologica<br />
46: l-275.<br />
Palaeotropical Pseudoqtphellaia 1 1<br />
Galloway, D. J. & Arvidsson, L. 1990: Studies<br />
in Pseudocyphellaria (lichens) II.<br />
Ecuadorean species. Lichenologist 22:<br />
103- 135.<br />
White, F. J. & James, P. W. 1985: A new<br />
guide to microchemical techniques for the<br />
identification of lichen substances. Bull.<br />
Br. Lichen Soc. 57 (Supplement): l-41.
Physma omphalarioides - its taxonomic position and<br />
phytogeography<br />
PER M. JORGENSEN and AINO HENSSEN<br />
J6rgensen, P. M. & Henssen, A. L993: Physma omphalarioides its taronomic<br />
position and phytogeography. Graphis Scripta 5: L2-17. Stockholm.<br />
ISSN 0901 -7593.<br />
Physma omphalaioides (Anzl) Arnold is shown not to belong in the mainly<br />
tropical genus Physma Massal., but rather to the temperate Staurolemma<br />
K6rber, a genus closely related to the primarily Pacific genus Ramalodiam<br />
Nyl. Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi) P. M. JOrg. & Henssen comb. nov.<br />
is basically a Mediterranean lichen, reaching Macaronesia, including the<br />
Cape Verde Is., with a remarkably disjunct occurrence on the west-coast of<br />
Nonray, just south of the Arctic Circle.<br />
Per M. Jgrgensen, p.t. Botany Dept., Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road,<br />
London SW7 sBD, England.<br />
Aino Henssen, Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps-(Jniversitiit, D-3550 MarburglLahn,<br />
Germany.<br />
To discover a new genus of foliose lichens in<br />
Scandinavia in our time, is a rare event. It is<br />
therefore remarkable that no less than three<br />
such genera were discovered about the time of<br />
the Second World War by the two Swedish<br />
botanists, Sten Ahlner and Gunnar Degelius.<br />
While the cases of Cavernulaia hultenii<br />
Degel. and Erioderma pedicellatum (Hue) P.<br />
M. JOrg. are well-known (Ahlner 1948,<br />
Degelius 1952, J6rgensen L990), that of Physma<br />
omphalaioides (Anzi) Arnold (Degelius<br />
1955) has nearly been forgotten, to the degree<br />
that it was not even included in the two most<br />
recent macrolichen floras of Nonvay (Dahl &<br />
Krog 1973, Krog et al. 1980). This oversight<br />
may be the result of the fact that this species,<br />
unlike the other two, was not used in the<br />
debate on glacial survival of the Scandinavian<br />
flora. The phytogeographical problems concerning<br />
P. omphalaioides are, however, as<br />
shown below, as intriguing as those of the<br />
other two.<br />
It is now more than 40 Years since<br />
Degelius discovered this interesting lichen. We<br />
would therefore like to take this opportunity to<br />
update the knowledge of this undeservedly<br />
neglected species.<br />
The generic problem<br />
As seen from the synonomy listed below, this<br />
lichen was placed in several different genera<br />
through the years, most frequently appearing<br />
in the literature as a Lempholemma K6rber,<br />
or Physma Massal. Arnold (1867) who<br />
referred it to the latter, paid most attention to<br />
the similarity in apothecia. Zahlbruckner<br />
(1924) definitely based his transfer to Lempholemma<br />
on thalline characters. As already<br />
pointed out by Dughi (1946) this species has<br />
no close relationship with Lempholemma<br />
which belongs in the Lichinaceae, which has<br />
quite different fruitbodies (mostly pycnoascocarps),<br />
paraphyses and asci (see Henssen
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
,|mm,<br />
Figure 1. Staurolemma omphalaioides (from<br />
Galun 1970).<br />
L963), and different form of lichenization<br />
(algae penetrated by fungal haustoria). Our<br />
lichen definitely belongs in the Collemataceae,<br />
close to Physma. Dughi (1946) regarded the<br />
anatomical differences in the thallus to be<br />
insufficient to accept the genus Staurolemma<br />
K0rber, based on this species, as distinct, and<br />
instead created a section Gymnophysma within<br />
Physma for it. Although anatomical differences<br />
should be used with care when establishing<br />
genera, we do not hesitate to accept<br />
Staurolemma. In terms of its habit and distribution<br />
pattern this genus is quite distinct from<br />
Physma, which has a special thallus anatomy.<br />
The nearly leatherlike (when dry) upper pseudocortex<br />
consists of compacted, intricately<br />
intervowen hyphae, and on the lower surface<br />
the hyphae form numerous tufted rhizohyphae<br />
which completely cover the surface, features<br />
not at all found in Staurolemma. Furthermore<br />
Physma has a I+ blue hymeniuffi, and a<br />
distinct amyloid ring-structure in the asci. In<br />
Staurolemma only the lower part of the<br />
hymenium and the ascus wall react with<br />
iodine, and there are no amyloid apical<br />
structures in the asci.<br />
Physma omphalarioides 13<br />
The closest relative of Staurolemma<br />
appears instead to be Ramalodium Nyl., a<br />
genus originally described from Australia<br />
(Henssen 1%5). This genus has a similar<br />
thallus-anatomy, but the apothecia do not<br />
have a thalline margin. However, the development<br />
of the apothecia in Staurolemma is basically<br />
the same as that found in Ramalodium<br />
(Henssen 1979), and further studies are necessary<br />
to evaluate the taronomic importance of<br />
this difference.<br />
Staurolemma omphalarioides (Anzi)<br />
P. M. IArg. & Henssen, comb. nov.<br />
Collema omphalaioides Arzi, Comm. Soc.<br />
critt. Ital. 1(3): 131 $frez} Physma<br />
omphalaioides (Anzi) Arnold, Flora 50: 1,19<br />
(1867). Lempholemma omphalarioides<br />
(Anzi) hhlbr., Catal. Lich. Univ.3: 19 (1924).<br />
- Type: Italy, "Ad castanearum cupressuumque<br />
cortice Fiesole, Monte S. Giuliano, Anzr"<br />
(Lich. Rar. etr. 46, BM, lectotype, selected<br />
here; isolectotypes FH!, O!, UPS!).<br />
Staurolemma dalmaticum Korber, Verh.<br />
zool.-bot. Ges. Wien 17: 706 (1867).<br />
Physma dalmaticum (Korber) hhlbr., Ann.<br />
K. K. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 5: 47 (1890).<br />
Typet "ad quercuum vetustarum cortices circa<br />
Obornik Dalmatiae nec non ad Phillyreae<br />
truncos prope Karagiurgievic in Herzegowina,<br />
leg. Dr. Weiss" (L, lectotype, selected here;<br />
isolectotypes distributed in Lich. Sel. Germ.<br />
329, O!, UPS!)<br />
Physma hispanicum Samp., Congr. Sevilla<br />
Ass. esp. Progr. Cien. 8: 136 (1917) - Lempholemma<br />
hispanicum (Samp.) hhlbr., Catal.<br />
Lich. Univ. 3: 17 (1924). - Type' "Hab. prope<br />
Malacam, ex. hb. Haenseler L844" (Herb.<br />
Willkomm, COI, holotype)<br />
Thallus foliose in rounded olivaceus black<br />
cushions up to 3 cm diam, swelling and gelatinous<br />
when wet, composed of more or less<br />
ligulate lobules, most of which are ascendent,<br />
producing apothecia marginally; upper surface<br />
markedly wrinkled when dry, more or less<br />
covered in granular, isidia-like structures.
1,4 Per M. Jpryensen and Aino Henssen GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
Figure 2. World-distribution of ,S.<br />
omphalaioides. Dots: studied material; triangles:<br />
records from literature.<br />
Apothecia numerous up to 1(-1.5) mm diam,<br />
appearing more or less stalked at the top of<br />
the lobules (see Figure 1) with reddish to<br />
blackish brown disc and with a granulose thalline<br />
exciple. Pycnidia immersed, about 0.1 mm<br />
diam. with blackish ostiole.<br />
Anatomy<br />
a'<br />
l"<br />
Thallus homoiomerous without distinct cortex,<br />
but with concentration of hyphae and algae at<br />
the surfaces, up to 400 pm thick, with Nostoc<br />
in chains, individual cells 4-5 pm diam.<br />
Apothecia with 150-200 pm wide thalline<br />
exciple; proper exciple distinctly paraplectenchymatous,<br />
60-90 pm wide; subhymenium of<br />
compacted, unorientated, gelatinous hyphae,<br />
yellowish, 40-70 pm wide; hymenium to 100<br />
pm high, hyaline or pale yellow, except in<br />
upper parts where it is brown-pigmented, I+<br />
blue in lower parts; paraphyses simple, septate,<br />
d<br />
t, r(<br />
t<br />
q\v/<br />
oXcair<br />
{.s<br />
to!<br />
-<br />
t<br />
c<br />
simple, hyaline, rather thick-walled, globular<br />
(7-10,am diam) to oblong (L2-15 x 7-I0 Fm),<br />
surface usually somewhat warted.<br />
Pycnidia with branched, fairly short-celled<br />
conidiophores, producing rod-like conidia, c. 3<br />
x L pm, laterally and terminally.<br />
Variation<br />
S. omphalarioides is not a very variable species,<br />
mostly varying in size, degree of granulosity,<br />
and colour of thallus and apothecial<br />
disc, a variation certainly caused by environmental<br />
factors. The variation in size and form<br />
of the spores reported above, can be found<br />
within one apothecium, and shows no pattern<br />
indicating differences benreen populations.<br />
Possible confusion<br />
As has already been pointed out by Aru:i<br />
(186?), S. omphalaioides can be confused<br />
with Collema fasciculare (L.) G. H. Weber,<br />
which has similarly caespitose thalli with<br />
numerous apothecia produced on ascending<br />
lobes. That species, however, does not produce<br />
such granular, isidia-like structures, has more<br />
undulating lobe-margins, and in any case of<br />
doubt the long, vermiform, multi-septate<br />
spores will always serve to identiff it conclusively.<br />
Clearly these two species represent a<br />
notable example of convergence between rpo<br />
different, though related genera.<br />
Ecology<br />
S. omphalaioides is a mainly corticolous species,<br />
only recorded from soil or mossy rocks<br />
twice (Mies 1989). It appears to prefer coarsebarked<br />
trees, Quercus and Olea being the most<br />
frequently recorded, followed by Castanea.<br />
Degelius (1955) has recorded several other<br />
less important phorophytes to which can be<br />
added Acacia, Cednts, Eucatyptus, Euphorbia<br />
tuckqana and Pinus canariensrs (from the<br />
Cape Verde Is., Mies 1989) and Pistacia (from<br />
Israel). Most of these are acid-barked trees. It
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
is therefore interesting to note that S.<br />
omphalarioides on its northernmost localities<br />
(in Nonvay) prefers the less acidic Populus<br />
temula, a phorophyte it also occurs on in its<br />
northernmost Portugese localities. .S.<br />
omphalaioides quite frequently occurs in<br />
orchards, parks, churchyards, along roads (see<br />
Tavares 1954) etc. where the porous bark of<br />
the trees are nutrient-enriched. It appears also<br />
to be dependent on rather high humidity.<br />
,S. omphalarioides is normally a lowland<br />
species occuring from sea-level to a few hundred<br />
meters altitude. Exceptions are from the<br />
southernmost localities in southern Spain,<br />
where it ascends to 1000 m (Degelius 1955),<br />
the Canaries (1300 m) and Cape Verde Is.<br />
(1500 m, Mies 1989), certainly avoiding the<br />
drier, hotter lowlands there.<br />
Phytogeography<br />
S. omphalarioides is basically a Mediterranean<br />
species with a western tenderc!, also reaching<br />
Macaronesia (Figure 2). This is a well-known<br />
pattern, shared by a number of lichens, for<br />
example Pannaia olivacea P. M. JOrg.<br />
(Jorgensen 1978). Such lowland Mediterranean<br />
species rarely reach far north on the<br />
Atlantic coast of Europe, although there are a<br />
few examples of this, e.g. Leptogium coralloideum<br />
(Meyen & Flotow) Vainio (Jorgensen<br />
1993), a species which has its northernmost<br />
locality in Scotland. The highly disjunct,<br />
northern localities of S. omphalarioides near<br />
the Arctic Circle, are anomalous. Species<br />
reaching this far north, normally have much<br />
wider distributions in the atlantic-mediterranean<br />
region and reach much higher altitudes<br />
in the south. Pannaria ignobilb may serve as a<br />
useful comparison, since it has some ecologically<br />
anomalous occurances close to the Arctic<br />
Circle (JOrgensen 1.978). In the Mediterranean<br />
region it reaches 1600 m altitude, and in<br />
Yugoslavia is mostly found in the Fagus<br />
forests at 700-900 m altitude; in contrast there<br />
are no records above 1000 m for S.<br />
omphalarioides in the region, and in<br />
Yugoslavia none above 300 m. P. ignobilis<br />
although not occurring continuosly along the<br />
Physma omphalarioides 15<br />
coasts of Europe, is present both in Great<br />
Britain as well as in southern Nonray.<br />
From these facts it is not unreasonable to<br />
conclude that it would be impossible for ,S.<br />
omphalarioides to grow so far north, and to<br />
challenge the identification of these collections.<br />
The material is, however, quite typical<br />
and in one locality (Tjotta, Offersoya) richly<br />
developed (see Degelius 1955). The type of<br />
habitat is very similar to that found further<br />
south: coarse-barked trees (here Populus)<br />
near a road close to the sea, but the temperatures<br />
are at considerably lower levels, about 10<br />
degrees lower on average. The mean January<br />
temperature of the Nonvegian localities is<br />
about 0 oC, frosts occur several times during<br />
the winter, and the mean July temperature is<br />
about L4 "C.<br />
Obviously S. omphalaioides must have a<br />
wider ecological amplitude than its distribution<br />
in the Mediterranean region indicates. It is<br />
therefore hard to understand why there should<br />
not be any suitable habitats between southern<br />
Portugal and the Arctic Circle. Like Degelius<br />
(1955) we therefore believe that S.<br />
omphalaioides still remains to be discovered<br />
there, but must admit that 40 years have<br />
passed without records of this species, in spite<br />
of high collecting activity. Perhaps this after all<br />
is one of those inexplicable, unlikely cases of a<br />
chance long-distance dispersal which succeeded.<br />
Specimens examined (selected).' Nontay.<br />
Nordland: Alstahaug, Alsten, Skei, 195L,<br />
Degelius (Degel.). Tjotta, Offersoyo, N point,<br />
1951, Degelius (BG, BM, Degel., O, S, UPS).<br />
Nord-Trqndelag: Kolvereid, N of lake Mulstadvann,<br />
1938 & t954, Ahlner (Degel., S);<br />
Namsos, Otteroya, Finnanger, L992, Tpnsberg<br />
(BG). Portugal. Beira Littorah Coimbra, near<br />
town, L93I, Degelius (Degel.); d:o, on western<br />
river bank, 1980, Moberg (UPS). Estemadura:<br />
Almelao (near Setubal), L943, Solerinho<br />
(UPS); between l,ousa and Venda do Pinheiro<br />
near Lisboa, 1955, Tavares (Lich. Lus. Sel.<br />
Exs. 57, BM, O, UPS). Algarve; Rocha de<br />
Pena, Bonafim, L973, Jones (BM); Vale de
16 Per M. Jgryensen and Aino Henssen<br />
Boa Hora, near Parragil, 197 4, Jones (BM);<br />
Palmeira, Caldas de Monchique, L973, Jones<br />
(BM). Spain. Cadiz: Grazalema Distr., by road<br />
to Ronda, 1952, Degelius (Degel.). Malaga:<br />
Ronda Distr., Ronda, valley W of town, L952,<br />
Degelius (Degel.). Islas Baleares: Mallorca,<br />
Coma Freda, E of Masanella, L978, Tonsberg<br />
(TRH). France. Herault; Caussignojouls, A.<br />
De Crozals (Lich. Gall. Rar. 8, L, UPS). Var:<br />
HyBres, Ste-Claire le ChAteau, 1946, Degelius<br />
(Degel.). Italy. Liguia; Genova, Valle<br />
Bisagno, 1931, & t947, Sbarbaro (O, UPS); S.<br />
Michele di Pagana near Rapallo, L934,<br />
Sbarbaro (Lich. Parva 183, BG, UPS);<br />
Portofino, L972, Jorgensen (BG); Yarazze,<br />
near Mola, L9I9, Gresino (FH). Yugoslavia.<br />
Slovenia: Albona (t abin), Valle Senizia, 1925,<br />
Baumgartner (O); Istria, Weiler Fetchi,<br />
between Barabana and Dimino, 1924,<br />
Baumgartner (O, UPS). Hrvatska; East-<br />
Meleda (Mljet), near the village Koriti, 1910,<br />
Baumgartner (O); South-Lunga (Dugi),<br />
Dugopolje near Sale, 1913, Baumgartner (O);<br />
Ragusa, near village Slano, 1968, Yezda (Lich.<br />
sel. exs. 703, BM, UPS). Crna Gora: Kotor,<br />
near village Donji Morinj, L984, Yezda (BM).<br />
Israel. Upper Gallilee; Har Meron, NW<br />
summit, t966., Galun (BM). Tunisia. Ain<br />
Draham, slope of Djebel Bir, 1948, Degelius<br />
(Degel., UPS); I-es Ch0nes, 1948, Degelius<br />
(Degel.). Canary fs. Gran Canaria, Cruz de<br />
Tejeda, between Cueva Corcho and Pinos de<br />
Caldar, 1972, Almborn (Lich. exs. afr.79, BM,<br />
UPS). Cape Verde ls. Santo Antao: Lombado<br />
Pelado, 1987, Mies (Herb. Henssen); Bando<br />
do Ferro, 1.988, Mies (UPS).<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
It gives us particular pleasure to dedicate this<br />
contribution to our nonagenerian friend Gunnar<br />
Degelius, who found this interesting lichen<br />
at its northernmost locality, and who has spent<br />
a lifetime studying the Collemataceae. We are<br />
further indebted to the directors and curators<br />
of the cited herbaria for sending material on<br />
loan.<br />
References<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
Ahlner, S. L948: Utbredningstyper bland<br />
nordiska barrtriidslavar. Acta Phytogeogr,<br />
Suec. 22.<br />
Arui, M. 1862: Manipulus lichenum variorum<br />
vel novorum, quos in I-angobardia et<br />
Etruria collegit et enumeravit. Comm. Soc.<br />
Crin. Ital. /. Genova.<br />
Arnold, F. L867: Lichenologische Fragmente<br />
I-ilI. Flora 50: lI9-123.<br />
Dahl, E. & Krog, H. 1973: Macrolichens of<br />
Denmarh Finland, Norway and Sweden.<br />
<strong>Oslo</strong>-Bergen-Tromsp.<br />
Degelius, G. L952: On the lichen Cavernularia<br />
hultenii Degel. and the problem of the<br />
glacial survival of spruce in Scandinavia.<br />
Svensk Bot. Tidslcr. 46: 53-6L.<br />
DegeliuS, G. 1955: Studies in the lichen family<br />
Collemataceae I. Physma omphalarioides<br />
(Anzi) Arn. in Nonvay, new to northern<br />
Europe. Svensk Bot. Tidsl
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
Krog, H., @sthagen, H. & Tonsberg, T. 1980:<br />
Lavflora. Norske busk- og bladlay. <strong>Oslo</strong>-<br />
Bergen-TromsO.<br />
Mies, B.-A. 1989: Vorarbeiten zu einer<br />
Flechtenflora der Kapverdischen Inseln.<br />
Diss. KOln.<br />
Physma omphalarioides 17<br />
Tavares, C. N. 1954: Notes lich6nologique<br />
VIII. Rev. Fac, Cidn. Lisboa 2.ser.,C, il1,2:<br />
365-379.<br />
Zahlbruckner, A. 1924-25: Catalogus lichenum<br />
universalis III. Leipzig.
Further observations on the association between the lichen Lecanora<br />
conizaeoides and its parasites Lichenoconium erodens and L. lecanorae<br />
(Sphaeropsidales)<br />
M. SKYTIE CHRISTI.ANSEN<br />
Christiansen, M. S. 1993: Further observations on the association between<br />
the lichen kcanora conizaeoides and its parasites Lichenoconium erodens<br />
and L. lecanorae (Sphaeropsidales). Graphis Scripta 5: I9-ZL. Stockholm.<br />
ISSN 0901-7593.<br />
A thallus of the lich en Lecanora conizaeoides has shown ability to outgrow<br />
an infection due to the parasitic fungus Lichenoconium lecanorae. The<br />
destroyed hymenium together with the pycnidia of the parasite are buried into<br />
the lichen thallus by vigorous growth of the margin of the apothecium. The<br />
lichen thallus is also infected by other fungi of minor importance.<br />
M. Stque Christiansen, Botanisk Centralbiblioteh Splvgade 83, DK-1307<br />
Copenhagen K Denmark.<br />
Some years ago professor Gunnar Degelius<br />
handed me over for study a specimen of<br />
Lecanora conizaeoides which was attacked by<br />
an unidentified coelomycete with acervular<br />
conidiomata and filiform conidia. In addition<br />
the lichen was also attacked by the lichenicolous<br />
coelomycetes Lichenoconium erodens<br />
M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw. and L. lecanorae<br />
(Jaap) D. Hawksw. (syn. L. parasiticum D.<br />
Hawksw.). The lichen was collected by Degelius<br />
in Sweden, G6teborg, Askim, on a branch<br />
of Betula pendula in a garden, 27 November<br />
1985.<br />
When sectioning the lichen thallus in<br />
search of development stages of the abovementioned<br />
still undetermined coelomycete I<br />
had also occasion to study the association<br />
between the lichen and the tvto Lichenoconium<br />
species and to see how the lichen was<br />
able to recover from an attack, resulting in<br />
destruction of the apothecial disc, by growth of<br />
the amphithecium, which finally enfolds the<br />
destroyed hymenium into the thallus (Figure<br />
2).<br />
Lichenoconium lecanorae was the more<br />
conspicuous of the two species, easily recognized<br />
by the black discs of the lichen apothecia.<br />
On the contrary the presence of L. erodens<br />
was not detected until the sections of the<br />
lichen thallus were studied more closely. I did<br />
not succeed in finding the two species together<br />
on the same apothecium as in the case described<br />
by Hawksvorth (1977) for Parmelia galbina<br />
Ach. The two species did, however, occur<br />
in close proximity to each other as shown in<br />
Figure I. L. erodens did occur on the hymenium<br />
of some apothecia, but never together<br />
with L. lecanorae.<br />
When the two Lichenoconium species<br />
attack Lecanora conizaeoides separately, they<br />
exhibit very different symptoms, L. erodens<br />
causing much more damage on the host lichen<br />
than L. lecanorae (Christiansen 1980). It was<br />
consequently surprising, that L. erodens played
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3) On Lichenoconium erodens and L. lecanorae 19<br />
. .t...r..,,. .lt .<br />
Figure 1. Section of an apothecium of Lecanora conizaeoides with the hymenium destroyed by<br />
Lichenoconium lecanorae. The surface of the hymenium is blackened by a dense layer of conidia<br />
as well as by the pycnidia of the parasite. The hymenium is pale brownish with only faint traces of<br />
its original structure. The algae below the hypothecium are likewise brownish and of unhealthy<br />
appearance, while algae in the amphithecium are undamaged. The pycnidium in the centre of the<br />
hymenium is photographed at a higher magnification in Figure 3.<br />
Below to the right a small pycnidilm of Lichenoconiam erodens is seen, situated on a thallus-granule,<br />
which is overgrown by the apothecium. This pycnidium is depicted at a higher magnification<br />
in Figure 4. (Bar = 100 pm, neg. no. 92.762, slide no.92630, unstained).<br />
such a modest part, when participating in a<br />
mixed infection with L. lecanorae.<br />
A possible explanation might be, that l.<br />
lecanorae had been the first to establish itself<br />
as a parasite on the lichen. At any rate the<br />
pycnidia of L. lecanorae were often old, with<br />
decayed conidiogenous cells, while the conidiogenous<br />
cells could still be seen in the less<br />
prominent pycnidia of L. erodens. Moreover,<br />
some of the pycnidia of L. lecanorae, which<br />
still contained a layer of conidia along the wall,<br />
showed signs of deterioration and were inhabited<br />
by colonies of bacteria and protococcoid<br />
algae (Figure 3).<br />
In sections the pycnidia of L. erodens were<br />
identified by their generally (but not always)<br />
smaller size and by their rather small conidia<br />
(Figure 3).<br />
The sections depicted in Figs. L-4 are<br />
from two small bits of the same thallus of Lecanora<br />
conizaeoides, taken within a distance of<br />
less than 2 mm from each other. The sections<br />
are made on a l-eitz Kryomat freezing microtome<br />
at a thickness of 15 pm. The<br />
preparations are mounted in lactophenol with<br />
or without addition of stains, and photographed<br />
with a Reichert Tntopan microscope<br />
provided with photoautomatic equipment.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
I am very greatful to my old friend, Gunnar<br />
Degelius, for entrusting me with this interesting<br />
material. Unfortunately, I have not yet<br />
been able to conclude my studies on the still<br />
undescribed coelomycete with acervular conidiomata.<br />
The present note froy, however,<br />
serve as a small advance.
20 M. Skytte Christiansen GRAPHTS SCzuPTA 5 (19e3)<br />
s i\x<br />
'*S<br />
;il ri<br />
sli..<br />
*.<br />
.*<br />
Figure 2. Section of an apothecitm of Lecanora conizaeoides recovering from an attack by<br />
Lichenoconium lecanorae by burying its destroyed hymenium together with the pycnidia of the<br />
parasite into the lichen thallus. After the infection of the hymenium the still undamaged<br />
imphithecium has grown vigorously and folded itself over the apothecial disc. The conidia of the<br />
parasite form black trails towards the surface. These conidia have, however, not shown any signs<br />
of germination. (Bar = L00 pm, neg. no. 92.781, slide no.92.633, stained with Azo black).<br />
Figure 3. Section of the destroyed hymenium of Lecanora conizaeoides with an old pycnidium of<br />
Lichenoconium lecanorae. The surface of the hymenium is covered by conidia of the parasite.<br />
Some conidia are still left in the interior of the pycnidium, which also shelter protococcoid algae<br />
and a colony of bacteria. (Bar = 10 pm, neg. no. 92.755, slide rlo. 92.630, unstained)'
GRAPHTS SCRIPTA 5 (19e3) On Lichenoconium erodens and L. lecanorae 2L<br />
Figure 4. Section of a pycnidium of. Lichenoconium erodens on a thallus-granule of Lecanora<br />
conizaeoides (see also Figure 1). The conidia of Lichenoconium erodens are markedly smaller<br />
than those of L. lecanorae depicted on Figure 3 at the same magnification. (Bar = 10 pm, neg. no.<br />
92.759, slide no. 92.630, unstained).<br />
Referrnces<br />
Christiansen, M. S. 1980: Lichenoconium erodens<br />
and some other fungi parasitic on<br />
Lecanora conizaeoides. Lichenologist 12:<br />
149- 15 L.<br />
Hawksworth, D. L. L977: Ta
Collema leptaleum new to Europe<br />
TOR T@NSBERG<br />
TOnsberg, T. 1993: Collema leptaleum new to Europe. Graphis Scripta 5: 22-<br />
23. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593.<br />
Collema leptaleum is reported as new to Europe from Sogn og Fjordane,<br />
western Norway. It occurred abundantly on sun-exposed trunks of Fraxinus<br />
excelsior.<br />
Tor Tensberg, Botanical Institute, Universiry of Beryen, All€gt. 41, N-5007<br />
Bergen, Norway.<br />
Collema leptaleurn Tuck., a species previously<br />
not known to occur in Europe, has recently<br />
been collected in Sogn og Fjordane, western<br />
Nonvay. The specimens were growing on bark<br />
on the sun-exposed side of trunks of Fracinus<br />
excelsior in the steep south facing slope north<br />
of Sogne{orden at altitudes between 70 and<br />
L25 m. Some of the specimens were from the<br />
under side of slightly leaning trunks. The species<br />
was richly present and collections were<br />
made on at least eight trunks. Close associates<br />
included Acrocordia gemmata, Bacidia rubella,<br />
Collema flaccidum, C. nigrescens, Gyalecta<br />
truncigena, Leptogium saturninum, L. teretiusculum,<br />
Nephroma resupinatum, Opegrapha<br />
rufescens, Parmelia glabratula, Parmeliella<br />
triptophylla and the bryophyte Leucodon<br />
sciuroides.<br />
In Europe Collema leptaleum is the only<br />
member of the leptaleum group of Degelius<br />
(L974). The species is characterized by a minute<br />
(up to 1.5(-3) cm in diameter), crustose to<br />
subfoliose thallus, apothecia with an euparaplectenchymatous<br />
excipulum proprium (see<br />
Degelius 1954 p. 83), and bacillar, 3-septate<br />
spores with rounded ends.<br />
Collema leptaleum is a polymorphous<br />
species. Usually it is without isidia. A distinctly<br />
isidiate and rarely fertile form is distinguished<br />
as var. biliosum (Mont.) Degel. Most of the<br />
Nonvegian specimens corresponded well to the<br />
main form, but some specimens tended to be<br />
somewhat isidiate. However, as apothecia were<br />
richly present in all specimens and no welldeveloped<br />
isidia were observed, the material is<br />
here referred exclusively to the main form.<br />
Pulvinate forms of C. leptaleum may<br />
superficially resemble C. fasciculare. That<br />
species has accessory -{- lump-like lobules<br />
developed from wrinkles, an euthyplectenchymatous<br />
excipulum proprium, and polyseptate,<br />
vermiform and much longer spores (52-<br />
95 pm according to Degelius 1954) and should<br />
not be confused with C. leptaleum on closer<br />
examination.<br />
According to Degelius (L974, 1986)<br />
Collema leptaleum is widely distributed in<br />
temperate and tropical areas and is known<br />
from America, Africa, Asia and Australia.<br />
Var. biliosum is mainly a tropical tn(on. Apart<br />
from the Nonuegian locality, var. leptaleum<br />
has a southeast North America - eastern Asia<br />
disjunct distribution in the northern hemisphere.<br />
The presently cited find in northern<br />
Europe (iust north of 61" northern latitude) is<br />
surprising as it represents a very isolated outpost<br />
population, not only for C. leptaleum, bvt<br />
also for the leptaleum grovp of species. Being<br />
known from Nonvay, it is strange that the<br />
species does not seem to occur also in the
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
Mediterranean region of Europe. Collema<br />
leptaleurn is an addition to the small group of<br />
Collema species known to occur on all continents<br />
(see Degelius L974 p.26).<br />
Specimens examined (BG, if not othenvise<br />
stated): Norwqy. Sogn of Fjordane: Leikanger,<br />
farm Vestreim, 1991, G. Gaarder (det. G.<br />
Degelius); L992, Tonsberg 18609 & 18611<br />
(det. G. Degelius), 18613 (BG, herb.<br />
Degelius), L8fL4 (BG, O), 18615, lf362l,<br />
t8625 (UPS), 18628.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
Prof. Dr. Gunnar Degelius, G6teborg, to<br />
whom I dedicate this paper, kindly identified<br />
some of the specimens. Thanks are also due to<br />
Collema leptaleum 23<br />
Mr. Geir Gaarder, kna, for sending interesting<br />
lichen material to herbarium BG, including<br />
the first known European collection of<br />
Collema leptaleum.<br />
References<br />
DegeliuS, G. L954: The lichen genus Collema<br />
in Europe. Morphology, taxonomy, ecology.<br />
Symb. Bot. Up* 13 (2).<br />
Degelius, G. 1974: The lichen genus Collema<br />
with special reference to the extra-European<br />
species. Symb. Bot. Ups. 20 (2).<br />
DegeliuS, G. 1986: Studies in the lichen family<br />
Collemataceae V. Notes on some interesting<br />
Collema species. Nord. J. Bot. 6: 345-<br />
349.
Om nfrgra oceaniska lavar i Sydvfistsverige<br />
SVANTE HULTENGREN, CLAES KANNESTEN Och SVEN SVENSSON<br />
Hultengren, S., Kannesten, C. & Svensson, S. 1993: Om nAgra oceaniska<br />
lavar i Sydvilstsverige. [On some oceanic lichens in southwestern Sweden.]<br />
Graphis Scripta 5:24-38. Stockholm. ISSN 090L-7593.<br />
The actual status of the oceanic lichens Degelia plumbea, Lobaria amplbsima,<br />
L. scrobiculata, L. virens, Normandina pulchella, Pannaia conoplea, P.<br />
meditenanea and P. rubiginosa in southwest Sweden is presented and several<br />
new localities are recorded. The results are compared with those of Degelius<br />
(1935). Pannaia rubiginosa seems to be rare (6 localities) and maybe<br />
decreasing while most of the other species still have vital populations in the<br />
area. Major threats like forestry, air pollution and collecting are discussed.<br />
Svante Hultengren, Braskeviigen 8, 5-444 45 Stenungsund, Sweden.<br />
Claes Kannesten, Kompassgatan 10, S-ffi2 00 Amdl, Sweden.<br />
Sven Svensson, Sandklintsviigen 2, 5-510 20 Fitsla, Sweden.<br />
Under 1980-talet har ett stort antal forskningsrapporter,<br />
foretr6desvis frin Sverige,<br />
meddelat en starkt vikande tendens f6r mAnga<br />
lavarter. De oceaniska lavarna har ofta intagit<br />
en framtridande position bland dessa. De<br />
nedslfrende rapporterna om den oceaniska<br />
lavflorans utarmning (t. ex. l.ofgren & Moberg<br />
L98/,, Hallingbiick 1986, Hallingbiick & Thor<br />
L988, Hallingbtick & Olsson 1987) har sporrat<br />
ett antal viistsvenska lichenologer till intensifierad<br />
inventering av s6viil gamla som nya<br />
lavlokaler. Den huvudsakliga orsaken till de<br />
behandlade arternas tillbakagAng har tillskrivits<br />
det moderna skogsbruket och luftfororeningar.<br />
Nu, efter n6gra 6rs extensivt men<br />
milmedvetet letande har si minga nya lokaler<br />
pfltraffats att det kiinns angeliiget att rapportera<br />
en del f6rdndringar jtimfort med dessa<br />
resultat. Utg6ngsmaterialet f6r studierna av de<br />
oceaniska lavarna och deras utbredning har i<br />
samtliga fall varit Gunnar Degelius legendariska<br />
avhandling "Das ozeanische Element<br />
der Strauch- und I-aubflechtenflora von<br />
Skandinavien" fr6n 1935.<br />
Bakgrundsmaterial<br />
Foreliggande sammanstiillning bygger pa uppgifter<br />
fr6n litteraturen, olika herbarier, fflltobservationer<br />
av f6rfattarna och pA uppgifter<br />
inhiimtade fr6n andra lichenologiskt intresserade<br />
mdnniskor. Khllorna har i lokalredovisningen<br />
angetts med olika fdrkortningar.<br />
lokalerna redovisas sist i denna sammanstiillning.<br />
Nfigra siirskilt lavrika skogsmiljiier inom<br />
omrfrdet<br />
I det aktuella inventeringsomr8det kan ffra<br />
huvudtyper av viixtplatser f6r den oceaniska<br />
lavfloran urskiljas:<br />
1". Urskogsartade iidellovskogar (lonn, lind,<br />
ask och alm). Oldgrowth broad-leaved<br />
deciduous forests (Acer platanoides, Tilia<br />
cordata, Fraxinus excelsior, Ulmus glabra).
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
2. Kulturp6verkade ddellovskogar. Broadleaved<br />
deciduous forests intluenced by<br />
man.<br />
3. Krattekskog i vindutsatta syd- och viistbranter.<br />
Coastal oak forests in windexposed<br />
south- and westfactng slopes.<br />
4. Skogstyper med stort inslag av asp. Populus<br />
tremula-rich forests.<br />
En iakttagelse iir att flertalet av de oceaniska<br />
lavarna niistan alltid har sitt populationsmarimum<br />
i anslutning till ljus6ppna partier av<br />
respektive skogstyp.<br />
Urskogsartade iidelltivskogar. Den urskogsartade<br />
idellovskogen kiinnetecknas av h6ga,<br />
smala trddstammar, stor rikedom av h6gstubbar<br />
och ligor. Inslaget av ek 6r ofta tiimligen<br />
litet i denna skogstyp. l,ovurskogen forekommer<br />
alltid i branta bergssluttningar diir ordindrt<br />
skogsbruk eller betesgAng inte kunnat<br />
bedrivas och dessa skogar ai troligen de dldsta<br />
inom omrfldet. Mycket goda exempel pi lovurskogar<br />
iir Bast6sen i Amils kommun och<br />
Hunnebergs 6st- och sydsluttningar i Viinersborgs<br />
och Trollhiittans kommuner. I de<br />
beskrivna iidellbvskogstyperna dominerar ofta<br />
Lobaia-arter over Pannariace6r och en god<br />
indikatorart for fortsatt letande dr Lobaia<br />
pulmonaria.<br />
Kulturpiverkade iidelliivskogar. Skogstypen<br />
pitriiffas oftast i anslutning till storre dalstrik,<br />
d6r ntiringstillgingen 6r stor och kulturpiverkan<br />
miirks ofta genom avsaknad av h6gstubbar<br />
och l6gor samt genom de mycket grova<br />
och ofta spiirrkroniga triiden. Inslaget av ek dr<br />
ofta stort. Merparten av dessa skogar har<br />
betats men iir idag oh6vdade och att beteckna<br />
som lundar. De kulturpiverkade skogarnas<br />
artificiella luckighet har troligen en gynnsam<br />
inverkan pe sivtil lavflora som h6gre vtixtlighet<br />
och de kulturp6verkade skogarna hyser ofta en<br />
rik och frodig fanerogamflora. Skogstypen har<br />
sin huvudutbredning i den kalkrikare centrala<br />
och nord6stra delen av Dalsland, utmed skalgrusrika<br />
bergskanter i Bohusliin samt i de<br />
stora ilvdalarnas sluttningar i den sodra och<br />
Oceaniska lavar i SydvAstnerige 25<br />
mellersta delen av Alvsborgs liin. Exempel p5<br />
s6dana skogar med rft, oceanisk lavflora ir<br />
N6verkiirr i Lysekils kommun, skogsmarkerna<br />
kring Ljushults priistg6rd i Bor6s kommun och<br />
Rdnsliden i Melleruds kommun. Aven gamla<br />
tings- och hagmarker med tildre lolrtriid i<br />
g6rdsnira liige pi iniigomarken kan utgora<br />
fina lavlokaler och ett stort antal stroffnd av<br />
oceaniska lavar finns pi gamla hamlade virdtriid.<br />
Ekskogar. Den ekskogstyp som iir rikast med<br />
avseende pi oceaniska lavar ir den starkt<br />
vindtuktade krattekskogen som ofta pitrtiffas i<br />
branta syd- eller vistligen. Krattekskogarna<br />
5r troligen mycket gamla och trots att flertalet<br />
triid iir smala 6r de troligen mycket gamla och<br />
har tillviixt mycket lingsamt. Det klimatologiska<br />
liiget motsiiger ofta forekomst av oceaniska<br />
arter men ofta pitraffas sAdana arter diir<br />
man minst anar det i denna typ av skogar. Ett<br />
flertal goda exempel pi lavrika krattekskogar<br />
finns inom omridet, f6retrldesvis i Bohusliin,<br />
med en tyngdpunkt i det kuperade landskapet<br />
mellan Stenungsund, Kung6lv och Trollhiittan.<br />
Det b6sta exemplet iir branterna vid Hasterod<br />
i Hjiirtums sn. Aven i krattekskogen dominerar<br />
lavsamhiillet l,obarion.<br />
Skogstyper med stort inslag Bv asp. Asp iir ett<br />
synnerligen intressant triidslag niir det giiller<br />
f6rekomst av oceanisk lavflora och flera olika<br />
aspskogstyper finns. En intressant typ er den<br />
iildre barrskogen med stort inslag av asp.<br />
Denna skogstyp som ofta har mycket begrdnsad<br />
areell utbredning iir en av de artrikaste<br />
med avseende pi oceaniska lavar. Omridena<br />
utgOrs ofta av nigon eller nigra hektar<br />
skogsmark i anslutning till en bergbrant eller<br />
ett plockhugget barrskogsparti. Tidigare har<br />
dessa skogar ofta varit betesmarker vilket kan<br />
noteras genom stor rikedom pi rester av<br />
enbuskar. En annan vanlig aspdominerad och<br />
lavrik skogstyp er den igenviixande Akerkanten<br />
eller hagmarken. Ibland har de sistnimnda<br />
skogarna karaktiir av rena skriipskogar och<br />
har troligen ingen siirskilt l6ng skoglig kontinuitet.<br />
De lavrika aspskogarna f6refaller att
26 Svante Hultengren rn. /1.<br />
GRAPHTS SCRIPTA s (lee3)<br />
Tabell 1. Antal Snd av olika lavarter i olika inventeringar frin G0teborgs och Bohus samt Alvsborgs<br />
liin (O respektive P liin i tabellen). (A) Degelius (1935) publicerade allt kAnt material fram<br />
till 1935. (B) Infgren och Moberg (1984) redovisar tterbesok pl n6gra av Degelius lokaler. (C)<br />
Hallingbnck (1986), (D) Hallingbiick & Thor (1988) och (E) fdreliggande rapport redovisar<br />
dagsliiget I sista kolumnen (F) redovisas den procentuella Aterfi.,rndsfrekvensen i denna rapport<br />
jiimfOrt med Degelius (1935).<br />
Table 1. Comparisons of the number of findings of some lichen species between diferent investigations<br />
in the administative provinces of Gdtebory and Bohus, and of Alvsbotg. (O and P kin in the<br />
Table). (L) Degelias (1935) reported all lcnown fndings from Scandinavi"a, (B) Lofgren & Moberg<br />
(1984) presented reinvestigations of some of Degelias' locialilizs in Sweden. (C) Hallingbdck<br />
(1986), (D) HaUingbAck & Thor (1988) and (E) tfttr paper present the actual status h southwestem<br />
Sweden. The last column, (F) sluows the percentage of refindings compared to Degelius<br />
(1e35).<br />
Unders6kning:<br />
Omfattning:<br />
Utdrag for jiimforelse:<br />
Degelia plumbea<br />
Lobaria amplissima<br />
L. pulmonaia (P-Hn)<br />
L. pulmonarilr (O-Hn)<br />
L. scrobiculata<br />
L. virens<br />
Normandina pulchella<br />
Pannaia conoplea<br />
P. mediteftanea<br />
P. rubiginosa<br />
A<br />
Norden<br />
o, P liin<br />
94<br />
25<br />
18<br />
3<br />
44<br />
vara siirskilt vanliga i nordvSstra Dalsland och<br />
i Sjuharadsbygden med en tyngdpunkt kring<br />
Frisj6n, Fritsla och Kinnarumma. Gliidjande<br />
nog kan man konstatera att ett stort antal nya<br />
fynd av oceaniska lavar noteras just med asp<br />
som vardtrad de detta tradslag ocks6 tidigare<br />
utgjorde det vanligaste substratet f6r oceaniska<br />
lavar i sydvtistra Sverige enligt Degelius (1935)<br />
vilket antyder att naturtypen inte iir akut hotad<br />
trots att den anses ha drabbats mer 5n andra<br />
av de senaste irtiondenas rationella skogsbruksmetoder.<br />
Liiget Lgg2j&imftirt med tidigare uppgifter<br />
Degelius avhandling om de oceaniska lavarna<br />
iir en utomordentlig kunskapskiilla. Hiir redovisas<br />
all kunskap om dessa lavar fram till 1935<br />
L2<br />
BC<br />
Sverige Sverige<br />
O, P-l6n O, P-liin<br />
4<br />
; 1<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
minskande<br />
6<br />
DEF<br />
Sverige O, P-liin 1935-<br />
O, P-l6n O, P-liin L993<br />
7<br />
61,<br />
15<br />
325<br />
100<br />
57<br />
31<br />
22<br />
24<br />
4l<br />
6<br />
7<br />
L6<br />
oo<br />
67<br />
9<br />
och arbetet utg6r diirfor en mycket god grund<br />
f6r jtimforelser i tiden. L984 kom en rapport<br />
(lnfgren & Moberg 1984) som syftade till att<br />
studera foriindringar av den oceaniska<br />
lavfloran som Degelius sammansfiillt 50 ir<br />
tidigare. Arbetet hade ockse ambitionen att<br />
diskutera orsaker till eventuella f6rtindringar.<br />
Inventeringsresultatet soq publicerades var<br />
minst sagt nedsliende. Aterffndsfrelrvensen<br />
varierade mellan 0-35 Vo och flera arter hade<br />
d6tt ut medan flertalet arter hade gett mycket<br />
kraftigt tillbaka. Den art som enligt rapporten<br />
klarat sig biist var Lobaria virens med 35 %<br />
iterffndsfrekvens. Resultatet frin denna<br />
inventering har sedermera fitt ett mycket stort<br />
genomslag bland s6v5l lichenologer som professionella<br />
naturv6rdare och lett fram till att<br />
lavarna blivit en mycket uppmiirksammad<br />
8
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
organismgrupp. Emellertid iir inte tillstindet<br />
f6r flertalet i denna artikel behandlade arter si<br />
alarmerande som lnfgren & Moberg (1984)<br />
ger intryck av, och det totala antalet ffnd tir i<br />
stort sett detsamma som under den tidsrymd<br />
som Degelius avhandling omspiinner (se tabell<br />
L). Degelius anger ffnd fr6n tidigt 1800-tal<br />
och fram till 1935 vilket i vissa fall kan ha<br />
inneburit att laven inte fanns 1935. F6religgande<br />
artikel behandlar aktuella viixtplatser -<br />
det vill siiga platser diir laven finns idag eller<br />
har funnits till helt nyligen. Figurerna 1-8<br />
visar de olika behandlade arternas nuvarande<br />
utbredning inom omridet.<br />
Hotbilden idag<br />
Ftirsurning och luftftiroreningar. Forsurning<br />
och luftf6roreningar anses tillsammans med<br />
det moderna skogsbruket utg6ra de storsta<br />
hoten mot den oceaniska lavfloran. Pi ett stort<br />
antal gamla lokaler, vilka inte p6verkats av<br />
skogsbruk och awerkningar, har man kunnat<br />
konstatera att ett antal oceaniska och ekologiskt<br />
niira relaterade arter f6rsvunnit. Det<br />
faktum att lavarna forsvunnit frin intakta<br />
skogar kan emellertid inte anses vara tillrtickligt<br />
f6r att dra slutsatser om surt nedfall och de<br />
gasformiga luftfororeningar som huvudorsak<br />
till forsvinnandet. Motsiigelserna iir mflnga och<br />
ett flertal andra faktorer som t. ex. alltf6r<br />
frikostig insamling, igenviixning genom<br />
naturlig succession, alltfor dfiliga fiterinventeringar,<br />
angrepp av djur eller svampar m. m.,<br />
kan ocks6 anses som mycket viktiga niir man<br />
behandlar orsakssammanhanget. En viktig<br />
inviindning mot att surt regn skulle vara ett<br />
hot mot de behandlade lavarna iir att de<br />
rikaste fbrekomsterna av oceaniska lavar idag<br />
p6trdffas i de omriden som mottager mest<br />
nederbord och d5rmed oftast ocksi forsurande<br />
6mnen, fdretriidesvis sulfat. Detta faktum<br />
giiller dven de viistligaste delarna av Norge<br />
med sina mycket rika forekomster av dessa<br />
arter. Det forefaller mer troligt att de behandlade<br />
arterna inte reagerar ndmnviirt pi dagens<br />
sura nederbord utan kanske mer pA torrdeponerade<br />
f6roreningar och gaser vilket antyds<br />
genom att inga ffnd av de behandlade arterna<br />
Oceaniska lavar i Sydvastsverige 27<br />
fdreligger inom tiitbebyggt omr6de eller i de<br />
st6rre tiitorternas omedelbara omgivning. Hiir<br />
bdr man emellertid notera att liimpliga miljoer<br />
kan saknas i de t6tortsniira omr6dena. Ett<br />
exempel som st6der antagandet att dagens sura<br />
regn inte pAverkar flertalet av de behandlade<br />
arterna 5r den sydviinda branten i Hasterffi,<br />
Lilla Edets kommun i Alvsborgs ltin. Denna<br />
lokal ligger i ett omride med h6g nederbord<br />
(=stor piverkan av sulfat) del av Bohuslfln, i<br />
ett mycket exponerat sydliige, rakt i nedfallsriktningen<br />
fr6n oljekraftverket i Stenungsund.<br />
Triidskiktet utgors n6stan enbart av ek, vilken<br />
anses vara ett svagt och niiringsfattigt substrat<br />
som snart urlakas av surt regn varvid kiinsliga<br />
oceaniska arter t. ex. Lobaria amplissima<br />
skulle fA sv6rt att etablera sig eller overleva. I<br />
Hasterodsbranten, som hyser alla tiinkbara<br />
nackdelar, p6triiffas ett av de b6da liinens allra<br />
rikaste forekomster av oceaniska lavar med<br />
arter som Lobaia amplissima, L. virens,<br />
Degelia plumbea, Pannaia conoplea och<br />
Normandina pulchella jiimte rikliga bestind av<br />
Lobaia pulmonaria och i ett angriinsande<br />
omr6de ocks6 l. scrobiculata w,h Nephroma<br />
laevigatum samtliga viixande pi ek. Ett<br />
liknande forhillande, diir rika best6nd av<br />
oceaniska lavar pitraffas niira en storre<br />
utsliippskiilla for svavel, noteras i Niiverkflrrskogen<br />
vilken iir beltigen nhra det stora oljeraffinaderiet<br />
i Bro{orden i Lysekils kommun.<br />
Svaveldioxidhalterna i bakgrundsmiljoerna 5r<br />
idag mycket lhga och ligger pfl ca. 1,-3 mg<br />
SOym3, medan NO2-halterna iir nflgot hogre,<br />
ca 4-6 pglm3 (Hultengren & I-arsson, i<br />
manuskript). Sulfatdeposition inom omridet<br />
ligger mellan 10 och 18 kg S/ha (Hallgrenlarsson<br />
& Westling l99L).<br />
Det iir emellertid t6nkbart att lavarna<br />
under 60-70 talet piverkades av luftfororeningar.<br />
Oljekraftverket i Stenungsund<br />
anvdndes dA dagligen och de irliga utsl6ppen<br />
var ca 30 000 ton svaveldioxid. Dessutom uppviirmdes<br />
villor och hus i regel med olja vilken<br />
inneholl avseviirt hogre halter svavel iin idag.<br />
Vi kan idag konstatera att lavarna i minga for<br />
luftf6roreningar mycket utsatta delar dverlevt<br />
och nu bildar vitala best6nd (Hunnehrg,
28 Svante Hultengren m. fl.<br />
Halleberg, Hasterod). Hallingbiick & Olsson<br />
(1987) konstaterar att lunglaven g6tt starkt<br />
tillbaka i Sk6ne och noterade enbart 6 iter$nd<br />
p5 25 gamla lokaler. Om verkliga skillnader<br />
foreligger mellan de b6da studerade omridena,<br />
kan man konstatera att den storsta skillnaden i<br />
bakgrundsfaktorer i f6rsta hand torde utgoras<br />
av ett st6rre liickage av ammonium frin de<br />
vidstrlckta Skermarkerna i Sk6ne.<br />
Insamling. M6nga herbarier iir idag fyllda av<br />
kollekter av oceaniska lavar frin olika<br />
lavlokaler i s6viil Viistsverige som ovriga delar<br />
av landet och det kan inte uteslutas att detta<br />
insamlande giort att m6nga arter gitt tillbaka.<br />
Ofta 5r det de siillsyntaste arterna som belagts<br />
vilket naturligtvis missgynnat de som alltid<br />
upptriider i liten numerdr. Pannaia rubiginosa<br />
iir en art som niistan alltid p6triiffas i mycket<br />
litet antal i vArt omrflde. Pe en rik Pannaialokal<br />
gir det kanske 100 individer av Degelia<br />
plumbea oc,h Pannaia conoplea pi varje P.<br />
rubiginosa varp6 en enda insamling av arten<br />
eller ens en liten del frAn den kan resultera i<br />
att den helt f6rsvann frin lokalen. Samtliga av<br />
de oceaniska arterna 5r liittidentifierade men<br />
skulle artbest6mmningen misslyckas kan man<br />
ju alltid ta med sig nigon mer artkunnig<br />
lichenolog ut i ralt pA nytt. Fotografering 5r en<br />
annan utmtirkt metod for att beliigga fynd.<br />
Fotografiet utgor dessutom ett utomordentligt<br />
bra dokument for framtida j5mf6relser.<br />
Vetskapen om att hotade och siillsynta arter<br />
insamlats och insamlas har medfOrt att ett<br />
flertal botanister siiger sig inte liingre vilja<br />
publicera eller sprida information om stirskilt<br />
siillsynta eller hotade arter. Uppmaningen blir<br />
sfllunda bidra inte till att de oceaniska<br />
lavarna fOrsvinner fr6n vir flora genom onodig<br />
insamling.<br />
Skogsbrulc Idag iir skogsbruket enligt v8r och<br />
m6ngas uppfattning det allra st6rsta hotet. Ett<br />
mycket stort antal lokaler har forsvunnit<br />
genom awerkningar i de restbiotoper diir<br />
dessa arter forekommer idag d.v.s. kantsko9lt,<br />
sluttnin1dt, mindre tidell6vskogsbest6nd med<br />
mera. Det stora flertalet awerkningar som<br />
idag gOrs i lavrika biotoper tir smi och troligen<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (19e3)<br />
inte sdrskilt lonsamma. Frin ovrig skog har<br />
arterna i stort sett f6rsvunnit. Trots att det<br />
finns stora praktiska problem i samband med<br />
hiinsynen inom skogsbruket sfl finns det Sndi<br />
stora mojligheter de det 16r sig om<br />
forhAllandevis sm5 omr6den i mer eller mindre<br />
sv6ritkomliga terrdngavsnitt som skulle<br />
behova undantas frin ordiniirt skogsbruk.<br />
Ovriga hot. Djur av olika slag kan ge sig pi<br />
lavarna. Sniglar kan ata av lavar och<br />
forfattarna har tiilterfareheter av att Lobaria<br />
pulmonarin angripits. Det iir emellertid troligt<br />
att lavarna 5r bland det sista som lockar en<br />
hungrig snigelmage och faran for att de<br />
oceaniska lavarna skall ltas upp kan nog anses<br />
som ringa. Olika flglar kan riva bort lavar<br />
under sin jakt pA insekter. Triidkrypare och<br />
n6tvticka ses allt som oftast leta insekter pi<br />
triid med lOssittande bark. Ofta ser man spir<br />
efter f6gelfodos6k genom fr6nvaro av 6ldre<br />
bark pi alar i fuktiga partier och en av v5ra<br />
mer ovanliga arter Menegazzia terebrata<br />
kan nog stundom befinna sig i riskzonen.<br />
Hackspettar av olika slag kan ocksfl leta<br />
insekter bakom lavtiicken pe trAdstammar. I de<br />
omriden diir man finner rika bestind av<br />
oceaniska lavar p6trtiffas ibland de sillsynta<br />
eller hotade arterna vitryggig hackspett,<br />
spillkrflka och mindre hackspett och mojligen<br />
kan d6 smiirre naturv6rdskonflikter uppst6.<br />
Igenvlixning. lavarna tycks ocksA tyna bort<br />
om skogen blir f6r tiit och en lagom luckig och<br />
olikildrig skog med stabil fuktighet tycks siledes<br />
gynna den oceaniska lavfloran biist. Detta<br />
kan observeras i flertalet av de studerade miljoerna<br />
diir de oceaniska arterna glrna p6traffas<br />
i de olika skogsbestflndens mest oppna<br />
delar, t. ex. intill en bergskant, i ett stup eller i<br />
ett kronlhge, i anslutning till en gliinta i skogen<br />
eller i ett skogsbryn. Undantagen frln regeln<br />
bland de behandlade arterna utg6rs frimst av<br />
Lobaria virens men ocksi av Normandina<br />
pulchella vilka helst pitriiffas i de mest skuggiga<br />
och fuktiga delarna av lovrika skogsmilj6er.<br />
Detta kan innebdra att skogar med rika<br />
f6rekomster av vissa av de behandlade arterna<br />
borde skotas sl att en viss luckighet och ett
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
visst ljusinslhpp alltid finns f6r att p6 se satt<br />
bibehella lavbestinden. Det kan ocks6 noteras<br />
att de arter som 6kat mest jiimfort med tidigare<br />
iakttagelser, niimligen Lobaia virens och<br />
Normandina pulchella, ocks6 6r de arter som<br />
helst pfltraffas i de fuktigaste och skuggigaste<br />
delarna av iildre lovskogar. Detta faktum kan<br />
ocksi noteras i v6stra Norge. Kanske h6ller<br />
vira lOvskogar pA att bli allt skuggigare och<br />
m6rkare. Det kan ocksl noteras att flera<br />
oceaniska arter (Pannariace6r, L. pulmonaria<br />
och L. scrobiculata) har sitt populationsmarimum<br />
i ett successionsstadium diir foretriidesvis<br />
pionjbrtr6det asp f6redras som underlag.<br />
Pionjirtriiden asp, ask, bjork, al, siilg och hassel<br />
ersiitts successivt av sekundiira triid som<br />
gran, bok, alm och ek. Det f6refaller dock<br />
troligt att samtliga av de behandlade arter tillh6r<br />
urskogarnas lavflora men att de i mycket<br />
gamla skogar foretriidesvis p6triiffas i luckiga<br />
partier kring nedfallna triid, i branter och<br />
sluttningar. Sammanfattningsvis kan man stiga<br />
att balansen mellan ljusinsliippet och luftfuktigheten<br />
f6refaller att vara en mycket viktig<br />
faktor.<br />
Skydd och sktitsel<br />
Ett stort antal nya ffnd av oceaniska lavlokaler<br />
har p8trdffats under senare tid. Fynden ligger<br />
emellertid oftast pfl retriittlokaler, i och niira<br />
branter diir det inte har bedrivits skogsbruk.<br />
Som regel ror det sig om enstaka trad eiler<br />
grupper av trtid med omgivande yngre eller<br />
brukad skog. Nflgra av de pltraffade lavfdrekomsterna<br />
utg6rs av stbrre omrflden vilket<br />
ibland stiirker skyddsmotiven. I de allra flesta<br />
fallen 16r det sig om synnerligen liittavgriinsade<br />
lokaler med ttimligen ltittdefinierad sk6tsel<br />
som t. ex. fri utveckling, luckhuggning,<br />
plockhuggning eller generella hiinsyn mot<br />
iildre trdd eller bevarande av skrtipskog.<br />
Samtliga av de rikare lavforekomsterna skulle<br />
med lltthet kunna s6kerstiillas med hjalp av<br />
naturv8rdslagstiftningen. Omriden rika pi<br />
siillsynta, oceaniska lavar och mossor utgor<br />
kanske de mest viirdefulla biotoperna inom det<br />
behandlade omrAdet.<br />
Oceaniska lavar i Sydvastsverige 29<br />
Fiirfindringar av hotstatus<br />
Trots att ett stort antal nya lokaler pitriiffats,<br />
vilket i vissa fall ger intrycket av nf,gra av de<br />
behandlade arterna 6r mer eller mindre<br />
vanliga, sA m6ste man ta i beaktande att<br />
flertalet arter har sin huvudutbredning i landet<br />
inom det beskrivna omr6det. De angivna<br />
lokalerna utgor sivitt kiint huvuddelen av de<br />
k6nda svenska f6rekomsterna. Okningen i ffnd<br />
av de olika arterna bor inte foranleda n6gra<br />
f6riindringar i den av floravirdskommittdn for<br />
lavar upprdttade hotlistan (Databanken f6r<br />
hotade arter och NaturvArdsverket I99I)<br />
snarare tvirtom.<br />
Fiirteckning iiver arter och fyndplatser<br />
Nedan foljer en lokalf6rteckning for ett urval<br />
av oceaniska arter och aktuella ffndplatser i<br />
Goteborgs och Bohus liin samt Alvsborgs liin.<br />
Aven Lobaia scrobiculata och L. pulmonaria<br />
har medtagits dven om de inte rdknas till de<br />
Akta oceaniska lavarna. Enbart initialer efter<br />
ffndplatsen avser fiiltobservationer. I de fall<br />
lavarna finns belagda i herbarier har detta<br />
angivits med herb. Om n6gon annan insamlat<br />
arten har detta angetts med en forkortning<br />
f6re det aktuella herbariet. I nfrgra fall finns<br />
uppgifterna publicerade i rapporter eller andra<br />
publikationer vilket df, angivits i f6rsta hand.<br />
Aldre uppgifter som finns i nfrgon publikation<br />
har angivits med t. ex. (Degelius 1935) med<br />
h6nvisning till detta arbete f6r ytterligare<br />
information om ffndplats och uppgiftsliimnare.<br />
Fiirkortningar av herbarier och<br />
uppgiftsltimnare.<br />
Anders Bohlin (AB); Anders Frpell (AF); A.<br />
H. Magnusson (AHm); Bertil Lundahl (BL);<br />
Bj6rn Norddn (BN); Carl Bergstr6m (CB);<br />
Carl Henrik larsson (CHL); C. J. I-atin<br />
(CJL); Claes Kannesten (CK); Dan Nilsson<br />
(DN); Erik Olausson (EO); Goteborgs<br />
Botaniska museum (GB); Gunnar Degelius<br />
(GD); G0sta Svensson (GS); H. Noring (HN);<br />
Hikan Pleijel (HP); Ingemar Andersson<br />
(IAn); Inryar Arvidsson (IAr); Ingemar
30 Svante Hultengren nt. fl.<br />
.-- --)<br />
\)<br />
\<br />
/<br />
(<br />
Figur l. Aktuella &nd av<br />
inom undersokningsomr6det.<br />
r-/--v*.,<br />
)rl<br />
(-?<br />
,<br />
-t rrrl'<br />
rtt<br />
Degelia plumbea<br />
lettersson (IP); John Eriksson (JE); kna<br />
Asegird (LA); Johan Hulting (JHg); Johannes<br />
Henriksson (JHn); Jonas Stenstrom (JS); [.ars<br />
Arvidsson (LAr); kif Andersson (LAn);<br />
I-ena Gustafsson (LG); Marie Lindstr6m<br />
(MLm); Mats Lindquist (MLt); Mikael Nor€n<br />
(MN); Piir Eriksson (PE); Ola Bengtsson<br />
(OB); Per-Olof Martinsson (POM); Roger<br />
Gran (RG); Rolf Johansson (RJ); Ronny<br />
Fallberg (RF); herbariet vid Naturhistoriska<br />
riksmuseet (S); Sixten Bergstrom (SB); Sven<br />
Bergquist (SB0; Svante Hultengren (SH);<br />
Sven Svensson (SS); Thomas Appelqvist (TA);<br />
Tomas Hallingbiick (TH); Torsten Ortenblad<br />
(TO); Ulrika Svensson (US).<br />
\/l<br />
U<br />
/-j<br />
I<br />
----) \)<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
{-"t .-" A<br />
)-rl -r,<br />
/rl<br />
t- -l-/- /v.-. -'\-,,_ -)<br />
,rt<br />
-) rj<br />
l t-rlL-\(<br />
-a.-'<br />
Figur 2. Aktuella ffnd av Lobaria amplissima<br />
inom undersOkningsomrAdet.<br />
Degelia plumbea<br />
+ I<br />
I<br />
f<br />
\<br />
/<br />
/<br />
Hotkate gori 2, s6rbar i Sverige. Figur L visar<br />
artens nuvarande utbredning i liinet.<br />
Status i omrddet: Totalt finns idag 6l<br />
lokaler i Goteborgs och Bohus liin och<br />
Alvsborgs liin. Degelius (1935) anger ca 94<br />
ffndplatser och Sandberg & Soderberg (L942)<br />
anger ytterligere ett tiotal. P5 Degelius lokaler<br />
finns laven kvar pA Stminstone 7 lokaler<br />
(Hasterod, Algon, Lyseg[rden, Plrlebo,<br />
Flenstorp, Skephult och Ramneklev).<br />
Ater$rndsfrekvensen iir silunda mycket l5g,<br />
enbart 7 % men hela 54 nytillkomna ffnd<br />
noteras.<br />
(<br />
I<br />
/
GRAPHTS SCRIPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
Aktuella viixtplatser: COffnORGS OCH<br />
BOHUS tAN: Hiirryda kn Landvetter sn:<br />
Snugga, L99l (Appelquist 1992). Kungiilvs kn<br />
Lycke sn: Algon, l93L (Degelius 1935), 1972<br />
(herb. LAr); Rommelanda sn: Lysegflrden,<br />
1992 (herb. LA). Uddevalla kn Skredsvilcs sn:<br />
Lilla Born6, 1983 (ML|.ArvsnoRGS LAN:<br />
Bengtsfors kn Laxorby sn: NO Rudetjiirn,<br />
I99I (CK); VSV Ebberudsknatten, 1991,<br />
(CK); Tisselskog sn: Korpeberget, Skirdalen,<br />
L99l (CK); Odskolts sn: S. Gunbjorbysjon,<br />
L992 (CK). Borfrs kn Bollebygd sn; Tubbared,<br />
l99I (BN); Knnarumma sn: Flenstorp NO<br />
och NV (tue lokaler), 1992 (RF & SS)t<br />
Hiiggirda, 1991 (LA & RF); Skarnhalla, 1992<br />
(LA & SH); Karlag6rden, 1990 (RF);<br />
Krokstorp, L992 (RF & SS); S. Piirlebo, 1992<br />
(RF). Dals Bcls kn Dals Ed sn: NV. Lidtjiirn,<br />
l99L (BL); SV Skotterud, 1992 (BL);<br />
Krapps6ter, L987 (Hultengren L987);<br />
Bengtsviken, 1992 (BL); Hdbol sn:<br />
Slottskullen, I99L (CK & BL); Vtist om<br />
Grann, l99L (BL); SSV l-adden, L99l (BL);<br />
Sigmon, 1991, (BL); Norra BOle, 1991, (BL);<br />
SV O. Olasbyn, t99t (BL); Sannerud, L992<br />
(PE); Asslerud, l99L ([An, PE & CK)t<br />
Nossemark sn: Bomarken, L992 (BL); S6dra<br />
delen av N6ssemark, L976 (LG, herb. S);<br />
Hagekullen, 1992 (CK); Dalen, L99L (PE);<br />
Rdlanda sn: Kirbdle, L992 (BL); Toftedal sn:<br />
N. Delestjiirn, 1992 (BL). Flirgelanda kn Torp<br />
sn: Huseby, l99I (CK); Hogsiiter sn:<br />
Ragnerudssjon, L982 (LAn & Tn)t<br />
Rdnnelanda sn: V Anhem, 1992 (BL); JArbo<br />
sn: Rivattnet, L99L (BL). Lilta Edets kn<br />
Hjiinum sn: Haster6d, 1992 (SH & JS).<br />
Lysekils kn Bro sn: Niiverkiirr 1983<br />
(Arvidsson m. fl. 1988). Marks ln Skephult sn:<br />
Klockaregirden, 1992 (SH); Botten 1988 (SS<br />
& JS). Melleruds kn Dalskog sn: Rinsliden,<br />
1944 (Magn. herb. S), Aterffnd 1989 (CK);<br />
Rannebergsomr6det, L975 (herb. DN), 1990<br />
(CK); Lundebo, 1986 (BN, herb. GB);<br />
Hallersbyn, L992 (CK); SSO Rbnn, L992<br />
(CK); St. Olsjon, 1992 (BN); Gunnarsniis sn:<br />
JulsSngen, L99I (CK & U); Holm sn:<br />
Hokeliden, 1989 (Martinsson 1989).<br />
Svenljunga kn Orsds sn: Kartsnds, 1987<br />
Oceaniska lavar i Sydvastsverige 31<br />
(Martinsson 1988). Trollhiittans kn Nona<br />
Bjorke sn: Histens klev. 1989 (SH); Nona<br />
Bjorl
32 Svante Hultengren m.Jl. GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
----><br />
ltr<br />
\ (.,<br />
fota<br />
o o1<br />
)o<br />
rt<br />
Figur 3. Aktuella Snd av Lobaria<br />
scrobiculata inom undersOkningsomridet.<br />
Lobaria pulmonaria<br />
I<br />
'r /--\ o<br />
e- ty'.<br />
-\ r-r.ru/<br />
Minskande i Sydsverige? Allmiinnare norrut.<br />
Aktuella vtixtplatser: Arten noterades niir<br />
sammansttillningen pib6rjades men pi grund<br />
av lokaluppgifternas miingd kan de av<br />
platsbrist inte anges hdr. En uppskattning av<br />
liiget iir f6ljande: 120 lokaler i Dalsland, 125 i<br />
Sjuhiiradsbygden, ca 80 i resterande delar av<br />
Alvsborgs l6n. I G0teborgs och Bohus liin<br />
finns laven p6 uppskattningsvis 100 platser.<br />
Totalt finns alltsl ca 425 aktuella lokaler for<br />
arten inom det behandlade omr6det.<br />
.tJ<br />
f-"\i-"t .<br />
.i. "-i-r,^r,<br />
f/bl<br />
U<br />
O<br />
--\--<br />
)rl<br />
/<br />
,rr'<br />
(-?<br />
_rvry/_I<br />
Figur 4. Aktuella Snd av Lobarin. virens inom<br />
undersOkningsomrAdet.<br />
Lobaria scrobiculata<br />
Forsvinnande i Sydsverige. Allmiinnare norrut.<br />
Figur 3 visar artens nuvarande utbredning i<br />
l6net.<br />
Status i omrddet: Totalt finns idag 57<br />
lokaler i Goteborgs och Bohus l6n och<br />
Alvsborgs liin. Hallingbiick (1936) anger<br />
endast 6 lokaler frAn omr6det frin tiden efter<br />
1950 fram till 1986 och enbart 4 fynd i hela<br />
G6taland vid tiden kring 1986. Denna<br />
katastrofala uweckling iir emellertid inte helt<br />
korrekt utan laven finns, om mycket sparsamt,<br />
kvar pi m6nga hflll. Det iir mojligt att arten 5r<br />
pfl frammarsch efter flera irs mycket starkt
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (19e3)<br />
tillbakag6ende. En annan orsak kan vara brist<br />
pi mer ingiende tdltstudier.<br />
Aktuella vdxtplatser: GOTEBORGS OCH<br />
BOHUS IAN: Giiteborgs kn Yuerby sn:<br />
Ragnhildsholmen, 1983 (BN, herb. LAr).<br />
Hfirryda kn Hiirryda sn: Kolabiicken, l99L<br />
(TA, OB & MN). Kungiilvs kn Rommelanda<br />
sn: Lysegflrden, 1992 (BN). Munkedals kn<br />
Iftokstad sn: SV Smedsvattnet, I99L (OB).<br />
Tanums kn Skee sn: Biicke, L987 (TH).<br />
AIvSBORGS IAN: Alingsfis kn Atingsds sr?..<br />
St. Tillfiillan, 1985 (Appelqvist l9S7).<br />
Bengtsfors kn Oasmh sn: L. Hhngesten, L992<br />
(CK); Lund, 1992 (BL); Uleviken, Nacketjiirn,<br />
L9l9 (SB & CB, herb. GB), iterSnd 1989<br />
(CK); Biicke sn: St. Olsjon, 1992 (BN). Bor6s<br />
kn Kinnarumma sn: Flenstorp, 1987 (SS &<br />
RF); P6rlebo, 1987 (TH); Haggirda, L99l<br />
(RF); Svanshult, l99l (RF); Stomsisen, L992<br />
(US); Skiillends, 1988 (Appelqvist 1990);<br />
Seglora sn..^ Hulu V. och O. (2 lokaler), lggz<br />
(RF & LA); Rdngedala sn: Drdngegfrrden,<br />
1988 (Appelqvist 1990); Hedared sn:<br />
Vemmenhult, l99l (HP & SH). Dals Eds kn<br />
Dals Ed sn: SV K6rsliitt, I99I (BL); VSV<br />
Mon, L992 (BL); NO Onsb,odeg6rden, 1992<br />
(BL); Grorud, l99L (BL); Vassdnda, I99l<br />
(BL); Krappsdter, 1987 (Hultengren L987);<br />
Knipan, 1992 (BL); Dalarne, 1992 (BL);<br />
ONO Blacketjirn, 1992 (BL); Hdbol sn; SSV<br />
Ladden, L99l (BL); S6gmon, L99L (BL);<br />
Hilpottans N-iinde, I99l (BL);<br />
Klockarekasen, L99I (BL); Rammsjon, l99I<br />
(BL); Asslerud, 1991 (IAn); Nossemark sn:<br />
S6dra delen av Nossemarks socken, L984<br />
(CHL & LG, herb. S); Bomarken, L992 (BL);<br />
Hagekullen, 1992 (CK); Dalen, l99l (PE);<br />
Rdlanda sn: K6rbole, 1992 (BL). Fiirgetanda<br />
kn Torp sn: Huseby, 1988 (Jannert &<br />
Martinsson 1990). Lilla Edets kn Hjtirtum sn:<br />
Lysevattnet, 1992 (SH & JS). Marks t
34 Svante Hultengren m,fl. GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
%<br />
\/<br />
rl<br />
L-t<br />
I<br />
/-<br />
I<br />
t<br />
t: f-l<br />
\,<br />
\n..23<br />
- i-rr^r,<br />
t/<br />
/<br />
/<br />
t.<br />
\<br />
!.*--1 9-rt\-trr1<br />
L-+. (<br />
(<br />
I<br />
/<br />
+<br />
oj<br />
loo (<br />
/<br />
(o oz-..<br />
l-/ \.". -\r(-r-r.rl,<br />
,tt<br />
rt<br />
Figur 5. Aktuella &nd av Normandina<br />
pulchella inom unders6kningsomridet.<br />
(Degelius 1935), 1992 (SH & JS). Marks kn<br />
Hyssna sn: Liagiirde, 1989 (TA). Trollhiittans<br />
kn N. Bjorke sn: Hflstens klev, 1972 (AB),<br />
Ramne klev, 1933 (Degelius 1935), 1979 (AB).<br />
Vfinersborgs kn Srzn dals Ryr sn: NO Flytjtirn,<br />
1989 (CK); V:a Tunhems sn: Nygird, 1876<br />
(Degelius 1935), 1989 (Martinsson 1991); V<br />
Fristorps gransj6 , 1972 (AB); Fristorps<br />
gransjo, 1972 (AB); Storeklev, 1972 (AB),<br />
1990 (SH); Viinersniis sn: Hallesnipen,<br />
Hallesnipen och Ovandalen, 1876, 1927, I93L,<br />
2 lokaler (Degelius 1935), L987, 3 lokaler<br />
(Svantesson 1987). Am6ls l
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1993)<br />
utbredning i omrfidet. Den stora okningen av<br />
fynd antyder en reell okning under senare tid.<br />
Aktuella viixtplatser: COfnnORGS OCH<br />
BOHUS IAN: Kungiilvs kn Romelanda sn:<br />
Lysegflrden, L925 (Degelius 1935), iterffnd<br />
1992 (herb. LAr). Partille l
36 Svante Hultengren m. fl.<br />
I<br />
v---'><br />
\ )<br />
\ I<br />
( l-/<br />
'* oa<br />
o .tf<br />
--'rlt tt<br />
"-) rj<br />
(-? I<br />
.t'<br />
-.q/,.<br />
Figur 7. Aktuella fynd av Pannari"a<br />
meditenane a inom unde rs6kningsomridet.<br />
(DN, herb. LAr), L992 (SS, RF); Kroken,<br />
I99l (LA & RF); Karlag&rden, L99L ($F);<br />
Stomfisen, 1992 (US); Piirlebo, I99L (LA &<br />
RF); Sktillenbs, 1991, (SS & RF); Haggirda,<br />
I99l (LA & RF) ; Seglora sn: R6llebdck, I99L<br />
(SS); Bollebygd sn: Aborrtjdrn, 1992 (LA);<br />
Tubbared, L99L (herb. BN); Viinga. N.<br />
Assmundared, 1987 (SH, herb. LAr). Dals Eds<br />
lrn Dals Eds snr Odegirden, L987 (Hultengren<br />
1987); Lund, 1986 (Hultengren L987); Knipan,<br />
1992 (BL); Nossemark sn.' Dalen, L99L (CK).<br />
Fiirgelanda kn Rtinnelanda sn: Rud, 1975<br />
(herb. LAr). Marks kn Fnrsla sn: Stiinge, L99I<br />
(SH); Skephult sn.' Brudkullen, 1988<br />
(Andersson & Appelqvist t*)t Eneberg,<br />
L992 we lokaler (SH, herb. LAr och SS);<br />
Kiilleberg, 1992 (US); Gunnarsbo, I99L (RF);<br />
GRAPHTS SCRIPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
--// I I<br />
t ,<br />
r<br />
\<br />
(<br />
I<br />
/<br />
.''-- ''j t)<br />
\ /<br />
r-/<br />
I<br />
,<br />
I<br />
I<br />
/<br />
Figur 8. Aktuella ffnd av Pannaia<br />
rubiginosa inom undersokningsomridet.<br />
Skephult k:a. 1988 (TA); O Tyvik, 1990 (SS);<br />
Tryik, Kullen, l99L (RF); Tryik 1:13, L99l<br />
(SS & US); Torestorp sn: Lyckan, 1988<br />
(Andersson & Appelqvist 190)t Alekulla sn:<br />
Sjobacken, 1992 (SH, herb. LAr); Killlings6s,<br />
1992 (SS & US); Alshult, 1992 (SS & US)t<br />
Sventjunga kn Hillared sn: V H6gnen, L99t<br />
(SS); G6shult, l99L (RF); Stombacken, 1987<br />
(Martinsson 1983); Holsljunga sn: Yttre<br />
M6lhult, 1987 (Martinsson 1988); Revesio sn:<br />
Revesjo k:a, 1991 (LA & RF) ; Kalv sn; Kalvs<br />
krona, 1987 (Martinsson 1988); Mjdback sn:<br />
St. Skog, 1987 (Martinsson 1988); Orsds sn:<br />
Kartn6s, L987 (Martinsson 1988); Ugglebo,<br />
1990 (JS). Am6ls kn Animslcog sn; Rote skog,<br />
Slobol, 1977 (herb. DNn), 1989 (CK).
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
Pannaria rubiginosa<br />
Hotkategori 1, akut hotad. Figur 8 visar artens<br />
nuvarande utbredning i l6net.<br />
Status i omrddet: Totalt finns idag 6<br />
lokaler i Goteborgs och Bohus liin och<br />
Alvsborgs ldn. Degelius (1935) anger 12<br />
lokaler i omr&det och laven finns idag kvar pA<br />
en (Flenstorp). Aterffndsfrekvensen 61 8 %.<br />
Fem nytillkomna fynd har giorts. Fynden<br />
noteras i norra delen av Dalsland och frln<br />
omrfldet kring Frisj6n i Bor8s och Marks<br />
kommuner och ett strOffnd pA Kalv6n i<br />
Bohusliin. Arten har minskat tydligt och p[ de<br />
ffl lrvarvarande platser ddr Pannaria rubiginosa<br />
viixer pttrlffas den enbart i ett f6tal exemplar<br />
till skillnad frin mAnga av de andra<br />
behandlade arterna. Detta f6ranleder oss att<br />
beteckna den som den mest hotade av dessa.<br />
Aktuella viixtplatser: GOTEBORGS OCH<br />
BOHUS lAtl: Uddevalla kn Bokeniis sn:<br />
Kalv6, 1975 (herb. LAr). Af,vSnORGS IAN:<br />
Borfrs kn Knnarumma sn: Flenstorp, 1934<br />
(Degelius 1935), L992 (SH & RF). Marks kn<br />
Skephult sn: Tryik, 1992 (SH). Dals Eds kn<br />
Nossemark sn: Sfira delen av N6ssemarks<br />
socken, tve lokaler: A. 1976 (LG, herb. S),<br />
f6rgiives efters6kt 1992 (CK); B. 1992 (BL);<br />
Dalen, l99l (CK).<br />
Referenser<br />
Andersson, L. & Appelqvist, T 1982:<br />
Inventering av Egerslcnattenomrddet med<br />
utgdngspunkt friimst frdn mossor och<br />
lavar. Stencil. Miljbvfirsenheten, Uinsstyrelsen<br />
i Alvsborgs ldn.<br />
Appelqvist, T. & Hallingbtick, T. 1984: Ndgot<br />
om bol
38 Svante Hultengren m. fl.<br />
Hultengren, S. 1987: Lavarna och luften pd<br />
Dal och i Trestad. Liinsstyrelsen i Alvsborgs<br />
l6n. Viinersborg.<br />
Hultengren, S. & von Proschwitz, T. 1988:<br />
Lindskogen pi Bastisen. Natur pA Dal 14:<br />
25-33.<br />
Hulting, J. 1900: Dalslands lafoar. Bih. ^Sy.<br />
Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 26, Afd. III<br />
N:o 3. Stockholm.<br />
Jannert, J. & Martinsson, P.-O. 1990:<br />
Lovskogar i Fiiryelanda. Miljovflrdsenheten.<br />
I;Snsstyrelsen i Alvsborgs liin.<br />
1990: 3.<br />
lnfgren, O. & Moberg, R. 1984: Oceaniska<br />
lavar i Sveige och deras tillbakagdng.<br />
SNV PM: 1819.<br />
Magnusson, A. H. 1946: I-avfloran. /; Grim-<br />
vall, N. (red.), Ranebo Lund; ett numera<br />
fredat lbvskogsomrdde i Bohusldn. Medd.<br />
Goteborgs Bot. Triidgdrd 1 6: 2lI-2I4.<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
Martinsson, P.-O. 1988: Ldvskogar i Svenljunga<br />
kommun Uinsstyrelsen i Alvsborgs<br />
liin. 1988:9.<br />
Martinsson, P.-O. I99L: Naturinventering i<br />
riJcsintresseomrddet Hogheden-Baljdsen,<br />
Dalsland. Milj6virdsenheten. I-iinsstyrelsen<br />
i Alvsborgs l6n. 1991:1.<br />
Myrin, C.-G. 1832: Anm. om Wermlands och<br />
Dalslands vegetation. K Sv. Vet. Ak.<br />
Handl. for 1831: L7l-269.<br />
Sandberg, C. & Soderberg, I. 1942: Busk- och<br />
bladlavarnas utbredning i s6dra<br />
Viisterg6tland, speciellt Boristrakten. Bot.<br />
Notiser 1942: L78-190.<br />
Svantesson, A. 1987: Undersdkn@ och jiimforelse<br />
av lavsliiktena Lobaria, Nephroma<br />
och Peltigeras forekomst pd Hallesnipen<br />
1933 och 1987. Stencil. Milj6v6rdsenheten.<br />
Liinsstyrelsen i Alvsborgs ldn.
Additions to the lichen flora of Angermanland, Central Sweden<br />
ROLAND MOBERG ANd GORAN THOR<br />
Moberg, R. & Thor, G. 1993: Additions to the lichen flora of Angermanland,<br />
Central Sweden. Graphis Scipta 5:39-44. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593.<br />
One lichen species new to Sweden, Lepraria jackii, is reported in addition to<br />
36 species new to the province of Angermanland. In total 69 species are<br />
treated with short information on localities and chemistry.<br />
Roland Moberg, Botanical Museum, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 541,<br />
5-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden.<br />
Goran Thor, Department of Botanl, Stockholm University, 5-106 91 Stockholm,<br />
Sweden.<br />
The title of this paper refers to the publication<br />
lV Gunnar Degelius, "ZLr Flechtenflora von<br />
Angermanland" from 1931. This publication<br />
concludes thq lichenological research in the<br />
province of Angermanland since Olof Rudbeck<br />
the younger and gives a geographical,<br />
geological and climatological overview. Plant<br />
geography in relation to widespread, southern,<br />
northern, eastern and western species is also<br />
presented. Degelius (1931) reported 347 species<br />
of which 129 were new to Angermanland.<br />
Very few additions have been made during the<br />
last sixty years and this report is ment as a<br />
celebration on the birthday of the ninety year<br />
old nestor of Swedish lichenology, Professor<br />
Gunnar Degelius.<br />
In October L99L the Swedish expert<br />
committee on threatened lichens (Florav6rdskommitten<br />
for lavar) visited some localities in<br />
the central eastern part of Angermanland.<br />
Four of these localities are of particular<br />
interest with several species new to Angermanland,<br />
viz. Mt Valaberget (63'01'N,<br />
18"23'E) in Vibygger6 parish, Mt Ringkallen<br />
(62"53'N, 18"20'E) in Nordingri parish, parts<br />
of Mt Viistanfrhojden (63"LL'N, I8'24'E) in<br />
Ntitra parish, and an Alnus glutinosa swamp<br />
south of [^ake Hinnsjon (63"12'N, 18"L1'E) in<br />
Niitra parish. Mt Valaberget is a southexposed,<br />
almost 10 m high, steep, rocky cape<br />
of granitic bedrock with some diabasic streaks<br />
facing the Bothnian Sea. Mt Ringkallen has in<br />
its northeastern part a very steep rocky slope<br />
with big boulders below the almost perpendicular<br />
rock wall. It is known as an interesting<br />
locality for vascular plants where southern and<br />
northern elements meet (Mascher 1990). Mt<br />
Vistanfihojden has recently been discovered as<br />
one of the most extensive localities in Sweden<br />
for the threatened lichen Usnea longissima<br />
and is now proposed to be protected. The<br />
Alnus glutinosa swamp south of Hinnsj6n is an<br />
interesting relict site for Alnus glutinosa situated<br />
250 m above the sea level.<br />
As a complement to the plant geography<br />
given by Degelius (1931) we have, following<br />
him, grouped some of the new species in<br />
southern, northern and extremely northern<br />
elements.<br />
Southern: Dimerella lutea, Lobaria amplissima<br />
(oceanic), Ochrolechia arborea, Opegrapha<br />
glrocarpa, Pertusaria coronata, P. flavida,<br />
P. leucostoma, P. pupillaris, Psilolecin lucida,<br />
Rhizocafpon virid,iatrum, Nmulari^a insularis,<br />
Tephromela grumosa.
40 Roland Moberg and Goran Thor<br />
Northern: Aspicilia aspicilioides, Caloplaca<br />
borealis, C. grimmine, Cladonia luteoalba,<br />
Helocarpon crqssipes, Penusaria dactylina,<br />
Mizoplac a s ubdb c re p ans, Umbilic aria arctic a.<br />
Bxtremely northern: Bryoria nitidula, Dimelaena<br />
oreina.<br />
Species list<br />
The following list includes not only species<br />
here reported as new to Angermanland but<br />
also new records of rare or othenvise interesting<br />
species. In total 69 species are listed of<br />
r"fiicn 36 are new to Angermanland (marked<br />
*) and L new to Sweden (marked * *). Collections<br />
by Roland Moberg (RM) are kept at the<br />
Botanical Museum (Fytoteket), Uppsala University<br />
(UPS) and collections by G6ran Thor<br />
(GT) are kept at the Swedish Museum of<br />
Natural History, Stockholm (S). Author's citation<br />
is given only for those species not treated<br />
or treated under a different name by Santesson<br />
(1984). Species treated by Degelius (1931) are<br />
cited by page after the names. Information on<br />
localities follows the same principle as<br />
Degelius which means parish and a brief locality<br />
information. Detailed information is available<br />
from the authors.<br />
Alectoria nigricansz Degel. p. 98. Hiirnosand,<br />
Hhrndn, Klubbberget, L986, RM; Siibri<br />
Hems6n, Mt Hultomsberget, 1986, RM. -<br />
Outside the alpine area only known from<br />
the coastal mountains in Angermanland<br />
and one locality in Medelpad. It is growing<br />
in the exposed, not forested, rocky upper<br />
parts of the mountains covered only with<br />
small cushions of vegetation.<br />
Arthonia didyma: Degel. p. 28. Nordingri,<br />
Ringkallen, L99L, GT; VibyggerA, Valaberget,<br />
199t, GT. On Sa/u caprea and<br />
on Sorbus aucupaia at the seashore (see<br />
Dimerella lutea).<br />
Arthonia vinosa: Degel. p. 28, as A. luri.da.<br />
Nordingri, Ringkalleberget, 1990, RM; A.<br />
Nordin (UPS); Niitra, S of Hinnsj6n, L99'1.,<br />
GT. - At base of Alnus glutinosa and Salix<br />
caprea.<br />
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA s (lee3)<br />
Anhopyrenia pithyophila Th. Fr. & Blomb. in<br />
Th. Fr.: Vibyggeri, Valaberget, 199I, GT.<br />
- On Prunus padus (see Dimerella lutea)<br />
(Foucard 1992).<br />
*Aspicilia aspicilioidea: Niitra, S6rsvedje,<br />
I%7, RM. On a boulder in oPen situation.<br />
Bi"atora ffiorescens (Hedlund) Erichsen:<br />
Degel. p. 49.Nordingri, Ringkallen, L990,<br />
RM; 1991, GT; Nltra, S of Hinnsj6n,<br />
1991, GT; RM; Vibyggerl, Valaberget,<br />
1991, GT. - Argopsin (TLC) in all collections<br />
by GT.<br />
Bintora epixanthoides (L.) Diederich: Degel. p.<br />
56. Vibyggeri, Valaberget, l99l, GT.<br />
On Sorbus aucuparia at the seashore (see<br />
Dimerella lutea). Nil (TLC).<br />
Bryoria nadvornikiana: - Reported from several<br />
localities by Ahlner (1948). Still present<br />
in primary forests, but such forests<br />
are rapidly disappearing because of intense<br />
forestry.<br />
Bryori"a nitidula: Htirn6sand, Htirn6n, Mt<br />
Klubberget, 1.986, RM; Siibr6, Hems6n,<br />
Mt Hultomsberget 1986, RM. - The species<br />
is known only from a few localities in<br />
Scandinavia, all in alpine or arctic areas. It<br />
was briefly mentioned from Angermanland<br />
(Ahlner 1953) but not included in<br />
Hawksworth (1972). In Angermanland it is<br />
growing on the very top of some coastal<br />
mountains strongly exposed to wind. The<br />
climate is thus similar to the arcticlalpine<br />
situation.<br />
Buellia badia: Nordingrl, Mt Omneberget,<br />
I98/,, RM. Reported by Santesson (1984).<br />
Buellia griseovirens: Degel. p. L09. Nfltra, S of<br />
Hinnsj6n, 1991, GT. On Alnus glutinosa.<br />
Atranorin, norstictic acid (TLC).<br />
Calicium trabinellum: Degel. p. 27. Vifr4t1ggeri,<br />
Valaber get, I99L, RM (det. L. Tibell).<br />
Caloplaca borealis: Vibygger6, Valaberget,<br />
t99t, RM. Reported by Santesson (L984).<br />
*Caloplaca grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier (syn.<br />
Caloplaca congrediens (Nyl.) Za,hlbt.):<br />
Vrbyggerfr, Valaberget, (parasitic on Candelariella<br />
vitellina), L986, RM - Previously<br />
only known from two other localities in<br />
Scandinavia (Poelt & Buschardt 1978),
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
one in Sweden, Torne lappmark, and one<br />
in Nonvay, Oppland. In Central Europe it<br />
is known as an alpine species and the<br />
records in Scandinavia also indicate an<br />
alpine preference. Earlier records are from<br />
calcareous bedrock but Mt Valaberget is<br />
granitic or slightly diabasic. Maybe the<br />
exposed habitat is more important for the<br />
species than the bedrock.<br />
*Caloplaca vitellinula: Ramsele, Mt Stockberget,<br />
1987, A. Nordin (UPS). On<br />
overhanging rock.<br />
Carbonea supersparsa (Nyl.) Hertel:<br />
Nordingri, Mt Omneberget, 1984, RM.<br />
Reported by Santesson (1984). On<br />
Lecanora potytropa in the steep western<br />
slope.<br />
*Chaenotheca laevigata: Ramsele, Mt Nottjiirnsberget,<br />
1987, A. Nordin (UPS). - At<br />
the base of a decorticated stump of Pinus<br />
sylvestris.<br />
*Chaenothecopsis fennica (I-aurila) Tibell:<br />
Sjiilevad, Og.ltjiirnsmyren, 199I, H.<br />
Sundin (UPS). - On dry wood of pine in a<br />
mire.<br />
Chaenothecopsis vainioana (Nadv.) Tibell:<br />
Nordingri, Ringkallen, l9n, L991, RM;<br />
N6tra, S of Hinnsj6n, I99t, RM, GT, all<br />
det. L. Tibell. On Acer platanoides,<br />
Alnus glutinosa, and Salix caprea.<br />
Reported by Tibell 1981.<br />
+Chaenothecopsis viridialba (Krempelh.) A.<br />
Schmidt: Ndtra, S of Hinnsjon, 199'1,, GT.<br />
- On Alnus glutinosa.<br />
*Chrysothrix candelaris: Nordingri, Ringkallen,<br />
L990, A. Nordin (UPS). - At the base<br />
of an old Salix caprea.<br />
Cladonia luteoalba: Moberg (1990). Nordingr6,<br />
Ringkallen, 1990, RM. Fairly<br />
common on big boulders in the northeastern<br />
steep slope. As pointed out by Stenroos<br />
(1990) it is associated with C.<br />
metacorallifera.<br />
*Cladonia metacorallifera: NordingrS, Ringkallen,<br />
l99o, RM. - Fairly common on big<br />
boulders in the northeastern steep slope.<br />
Cybebe gracilenta (Ach.) Tibell: Nordingr8,<br />
Ringkallen, 1991, RM; L99o, A. Nordin<br />
(UPS). Reported by Tibell (1975). On<br />
Additions to the lichen flora of Angermanland 4l<br />
Acer platanoides and Salix caprea in<br />
shaded positions.<br />
*Dimelaena oreina: Vibyggeri, Valaberget,<br />
L986, RM. This is the only record in<br />
Sweden outside the alpine region. It is<br />
growing on exposed rocks.<br />
*Dimerella lutea (Dickson) Trevisan: Nordingr6,<br />
Ringkallen, 1990, A. Nordin & J. O.<br />
Hermansson (UPS); Vibygger[, Valaberget,<br />
1991, GT. - It was first reported from<br />
Sweden (Gtistrikland) by Nordin (1990)<br />
and recently published as new to Sk6ne<br />
(Johansson 1992) and Smiland (Arup &<br />
Ekman (1992). On Ringkallen it is<br />
growing in a shady situation at the base of<br />
old Salix caprea. On Valaberget it is<br />
growing on Sorbus aucuparia in a small<br />
glen (20 x 20 m) at the seashore. On<br />
deciduous trees several other rare, mainly<br />
southern species as Anhonia didyma,<br />
Anhopyrenia pithyophila, Biatora epixanthoides,<br />
Lepraria lobiftcans, Pertusaria<br />
coronata, P. flavida, P. leucostoffia, and<br />
Thelopsis flaveola arc found.<br />
Dimerella pineti: Degel. p. 3L. Nordingri,<br />
*ff ::'l'?"?tr' fr nT:fii,.,*,3, t';<br />
Hinnsj6n, L99l, GT. - On Acer platanoides<br />
and Alnus glutinosa in a shaded position.<br />
*Fellhanera subtilis (Vezda) Diederich &<br />
Serusiarur: Niitra, Viistanih6jden, 1991,<br />
GT. - On Vaccinium myrtillus stems in a<br />
moist spruce forest.<br />
*Fusci^dea arboricola Coppins & Tonsberg:<br />
Niitra, S of Hinnsj6n, 199I, GT; Vrbyggerf,,<br />
Valaberget, 1991, GT. On Alnus<br />
glutinosa. Probably an overlooked species.<br />
Fumarprotocetraric acid (TLC).<br />
* Fuscidea pusilla Tonsberg: Nordingri,<br />
Ringkallen, 199L, GT; N6tra, VSstanAhojden,<br />
199L, GT; S of Hinnsj6n, l99l,<br />
GT. - On Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, and<br />
Betula. Divaricatic acid (TLC).<br />
Graphis scripta: Degel. p. 30. Nordingrfl,<br />
Halsviksravinen, 1991", RM; Ntitra, S of<br />
Hinnsjon, 1991., GT; RM; Sjiilevad, Ogeltjiirnsmyran,<br />
1991, H. Sundin (UPS).
42 Roland Moberg and Garan Thor<br />
*Helocarpon crassipes Th. Fr. (Micarea crassipes):<br />
Nordingre, Ringkallen, 1991, GT. -<br />
On mossy, wet and shady vertical rock.<br />
Hypogmn.ia vittata: Degel. p. 88. H6rn6sand,<br />
Mt Orsjoberget, 1990, R. Fryleskog<br />
(UPS); Ntitra, Norra Ulv6n, 1980, RM;<br />
Viksjo, ViistanAfallet, l99I Sundin (UPS).<br />
*Iapewia subaurifera Muhr & Tonsberg:<br />
Nordingr6, Ringkallen, 1991, GT. On<br />
Picea abics.<br />
*Lecanora circumborealis Brodo &<br />
Vitikainen: Niitra, Viistanflhojden, L99L<br />
GT; Vibygger6, Valaberget, 199L, GT.<br />
OnAlnus glutinosa and Betula.<br />
*Lecidea margaritella: N6tra, Viistan6h6jden,<br />
I99I, GT. On Ptilidium pulcherimum<br />
on the base of Betula in an open mixed<br />
forest.<br />
Lecidea pullata: Degel. p. 51. Nordingr6,<br />
Ringkallen, L991, GT; Niitra, Viistan6hojden,<br />
1991, GT. Sphaerophorin<br />
(rLC).<br />
* Lepraria elobata Tonsberg: Vibyggeri,<br />
Valaberget, L99L, GT. On Alnus glutinosa<br />
at the seashore. Atranorin, zeorin,<br />
divaricatic acid, stictic acid complex (3<br />
spots) (TLC).<br />
Lepraria incana: Niitra, S of Hinnsjon, L99L,<br />
GT. - korin, divaricatic acid (TLC).<br />
* * Lepraria jackii Tonsberg: N6tra,<br />
Viistan6hojden, I99I, GT. On the base<br />
of Picea abies in spruce a forest. The<br />
collections of L. incana from Lule<br />
lappmark reported by Karstrom & Thor<br />
(1991) are also L. Jackii (atranorin,<br />
roccellic acid and rangiformic acid, TLC).<br />
*Lepraia lobiftcans Nyl.: Vibygger6, Valaberget,<br />
199I, GT. - On Sorbus aucupaia<br />
at the shore (see Dimerella lutea).<br />
Atranorin, zeorin, divaricatic acid, stictic<br />
acid complex (3 spots) (TLC).<br />
Leprocaulon microscopicum: Degel. p. 7I.<br />
Nordingr&, Mt Omneberget, 1984, RM;<br />
Vibygger6, Valaberget, 1986, RM. On<br />
mosses in steep rocky slopes facing south.<br />
Letharia vulpina: Ytterldnniis, Korsmyran,<br />
L9X), RM. - Found by l.ygry. Rullander<br />
and reported as new to Angermanland by<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1e93)<br />
Rydkvist (1990). Growing on a dead, still<br />
standing old trunk of Pinus sylvestris.<br />
Lobaia amplissima: Nordingri, Ringkallen,<br />
1990 R. Fryleskog (UPS); RM. Rydkvist<br />
(1990).- Growing on trunk of an old Salu<br />
caprea in the steep northeastern slope.<br />
Micarea globulosella: Nordingri, Ringkallen,<br />
I99t, GT; Ntitra, S of Hinnsjon, 1991, GT.<br />
The third and fourth Swedish records.<br />
Earlier known from Angermanland<br />
(Santesson 1984) and from Asele l,appmark<br />
(Thor L992). Growing at the base of<br />
Alnus glutinosa and Picea abies in moist<br />
and shady situations in oldgrowth forest.<br />
Micarea prasina: Degel. p. 55. Ndtra, S of<br />
Hinnsj6n, 1991., GT.<br />
*Mycoblastus fucatus (M. sterilis): Ntitra, S of<br />
Hinnsjdn, I99L GT; Vibyggeri, Valaberget,<br />
L99I, GT. On Alnus glutinosa and<br />
Sorbus aucuparia. Atranorin, fumarprotocetraric<br />
acid (TLC).<br />
*Ochrolechia arborea: Vibyggeri, Valaberget,<br />
I99L, GT. On Alnus glutinosa. Earlier<br />
known only as far north as to Uppland and<br />
Vtistmanland.<br />
*Ochrolechia microstictoi"des Rbstinen: Nordingr6,<br />
Ringkallen, L99I GT; Nitra, S of<br />
Hinnsjon, I99I GT; Vibygger6, Valaberget,<br />
L991, GT. On Alnus glutinosa and<br />
Picea abies. Variolaric, lichesterinic acids<br />
GLC).<br />
Opegrapha g/rocafpa: Nordingri, Ringkallen,<br />
1990 A. Nordin (UPS). Reported by Santesson<br />
(1984). Growing at the shady<br />
base of a NE exposed rock wall.<br />
*Pertusaria coronata: Vibygger6, Valaberget,<br />
GT. On Sorbus aucupaia at the seashore<br />
(see Dimerella lutea). Coronaton,<br />
stictic acid (TLC).<br />
*Pertusaria dactylina: Nordingrfr, Ringkallen,<br />
I99I, RM. An alpine species with two<br />
earlier records in the lowland of Sweden<br />
s,,I" iff Lffil;,'i#ill,3:;:'l5dl<br />
eastern rocky slope.<br />
* Pertusaia tlavida: Vibygger6, Valaberget,<br />
I99L, GT. On Sorbus aucuparia at the<br />
seashore (see Dimerella lutea). Thiophan-
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (lee3)<br />
inic acid, 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid<br />
(TLC).<br />
*Pertusaria<br />
leucostoma: Vibygger6, Valaberget,<br />
I99t, GT. - On Sorbus aucupaia at<br />
the seashore (see Dimerella lutea).<br />
*Pertusaria pupillaris: Vibygger6, Valaberget,<br />
1991, GT. Earlier known only from<br />
Sktne and Smiland in Sweden. On Alnus<br />
glutinosa and Prunus padus at the seashore.<br />
Fumarprotocetraric acid (TLC).<br />
Platismatia norvegica: Htirnosand, Hlrndn,<br />
1942, Ahlner (S, UPS); Mt Orsj6berget,<br />
t982, O. l-ofgren (UPS); 1990, R. Fryleskog<br />
(UPS); Nitra, N. Ulv6n, 1951, A.<br />
Friesendahl (S, UPS); L980, RM; Tisj6,<br />
Mt T6sj6berget,1939, S. Ahlner (S, UPS);<br />
Vibyggeri, Mjiilt6n, 1962, S. Ahlner (S,<br />
UPS). Growing on mossy rocks and on<br />
Picea abies in shady situations.<br />
* Psilolechia lucida: Nordingrfl, Ringkallen,<br />
1991, GT. - On shaded rocks.<br />
*Mizocarpon viridiatrum: Nordingri, Mt<br />
Omneberget, RM. - On rocks in the steep<br />
western slope.<br />
Rhizoplaca subdiscrepansi VibyggerS, Valaberget,<br />
1986, RM. Reported by Santesson<br />
(1984). - Only a few records from Sweden,<br />
mainly in the mountains. This is the only<br />
coastal locality. Growing on rocks in<br />
exposed situations.<br />
*Rimulaia insularis: Vibygger6, Valaberget,<br />
1986, RM. Parasite on Lecanora rupicola<br />
in exposed situation.<br />
* Rinodina ffiorescens i Vibyggeri, Valaberget,<br />
L99I, GT. On moribund thalli of<br />
Parmelia sulcata on Alnus glutinosa. Pannarin<br />
(TLC).<br />
*Ropalospora viridis (TOnsberg) Tonsberg:<br />
Vrbygger6, Valaberget, t991, RM; GT.<br />
On Alnus glutinosa and Sorbus aucupaia<br />
at the seashore. Perlatolic acid in the GT<br />
collection (TLC).<br />
*Sarcogtne clavus: Ramsele, Mt Valasjoberggt,<br />
1987, A. Nordin (UPS). Reported as<br />
"Ang?" by Santesson (1984). On Eexposed<br />
vertical rock.<br />
Sclerophora coniophaea (Norman) Mattsson<br />
& Middelborg: Niitra, S of Hinnsjon, 199t,<br />
RM; GT. - On oldAlnus glutinosa.<br />
Additions to the lichen /Iora of Angermanland 43<br />
* Steinia geophana: Ramsele, Mt Stockberget,<br />
1987, A. Nordin (UPS). On sandy<br />
ground at a roadside.<br />
*Tephromela grumosa (Pers.) Hafellner &<br />
Rotx: Nordingr6, Mt Omneberget, l9E/-<br />
RM; Vtbygger6, Valaberget, 1986, RM. -<br />
On exposed rocks.<br />
*Thelopsis tlaveola: Nordingr6, Ringkallen,<br />
1991, GT; Vibygger6, Valaberget, 1991,<br />
GT. On Salix caprea and on Sorbus<br />
aucuparia at the seashore (see Dimerella<br />
lutea).<br />
Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P.<br />
James: Vibyggeri, Valaberget, 1991, GT.<br />
- On Alnus glutinosa.<br />
Umbilicaia arctica: First reported from<br />
Angermanland by Nordin (1991). Addition:<br />
Sjdlevad, Krokalviken, 199L, H.<br />
Sundin (UPS). - On seashore rocks.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
We wish to thank R. Fryleskog, T. Rullander<br />
and T. Rydlrvist for information on localities, J.<br />
O. Hermansson, A. Nordin and H. Sundin<br />
who placed their material at our disposal, and<br />
L. Tibell for the determination of some<br />
Caliciales.<br />
References<br />
Ahlner, S. L948: Utbredningstyper bland<br />
nordiska barrtriidslavar. Acta Phytogeogr.<br />
Suecica 22.<br />
Ahlner, S. 1953: Om Angermanlands lavflora.<br />
In: Elofsson, O. & Curry-Lindahl, K.<br />
(eds.), Natur i Angermanland och Medelpad:<br />
I9L-196. Uppsala.<br />
Arup, U. & Ekman, S. 19922 Nyheter i s6dra<br />
Sveriges lavflora. Graphis Scripta 4: 81-<br />
86.<br />
Degelius, G. L93L: Zur Flechtenflora von<br />
Angermanland. Arkiv Bot. 24A(3): L-122.<br />
Foucard, T. 1992: Notes on the corticolous<br />
Arthopyrenia-species in Sweden. Graphis<br />
Scipta 4: 49-60.<br />
Hawksworth, D. L. 1972: Regional studies in<br />
Alectoria II. The British species. Lichenologist<br />
5; 181 -261,.
44 Roland Moberg and Garan Thor<br />
Johansson, P. t992: Bark- och vedlavar pi<br />
Kullaberg fOriindringar under 80 6r.<br />
Svensk Bot. Tidsl
Notes on the cetrarioid lichens<br />
INGVAR KARNEFELT ANd ARNE THELL<br />
During our work on the phylogeny and evolution<br />
in cetrarioid lichens (Kbrnefelt et al.<br />
L992) two specimens were studied which<br />
should need further attention regarding search<br />
for additional material, preferably in nature in<br />
remote and isolated localities not visited frequently<br />
by lichenologists. Therefore it is our<br />
main intention with this paper to invite lichenologists<br />
(1) to pay attention to a peculiar<br />
lichen occurring on higher elevations in the<br />
Andes which presumably belongs to Cetraria<br />
and (2) to look for the presence of. Cetraia<br />
nivalis also in higher elevations in New<br />
Guinea and adjacent mountainous regions<br />
within the tropical zone. Since the reproductive<br />
structures have not been presented earlier<br />
for C. nivalis a full description is also provided<br />
of this species.<br />
This work is dedicated to professor Gunnar<br />
Degelius on the occasion of his ninetieth<br />
birthday. Gunnar was the senior author's first<br />
botanical teacher to and also introduced him<br />
into the fascinating field of lichenology.<br />
Materials and methods<br />
K6rnefelt, I. & Thell, A. 1993: Notes on the cetrarioid lichens. Graphis<br />
Scripta 5: 45-48. Stockholm. ISSN 0901 -7593.<br />
The new species Cetraria peruviana is described and its systematic position is<br />
discussed. Cetraria nivalrs is reported as new from New Guinea, and its ascomata<br />
are described.<br />
Ingvar KAmefelt and Ante Thell, Depanment of Systematic Botany, University<br />
of Lund, Ostra Vallgatan 18 - 20, 223 61 Lund, Sweden.<br />
This work mainly originates from the earlier<br />
primarily survey of the cetrarioid lichens<br />
(Kiirnefelt et al. L992). The results have been<br />
based on herbarium material examined from a<br />
large number of herbaria, i.e. ALA, BM, BP,<br />
CANL, COLO, H, FH, G, GZU, L, LAM,<br />
LE, LD, M, MB, NY, O, S, SFSU, TUR,<br />
UBC, UME, UPS, US, and WIS.<br />
For anatomical obsenrations, fragments of<br />
lichens and condiomata were sectioned with a<br />
Kryomat, Lnitz freezing microtome and sections<br />
put in lactophenol cotton-blue. After<br />
pretreatment with lUVo KOH-solution, asci<br />
were squashed in a 0.3 % Lugol's solution.<br />
Hymenial characters were studied with a Zeiss<br />
Axioscope light microscop€, and photomicrographs<br />
made with a Zeiss M 35 W camera.<br />
Cetraria peruviana Kiirnef. & Thell,<br />
sp. nov.<br />
Thallus eo C. nepalensr"s similis, sed lobis minoribus<br />
magis canaliculatis sine emergentiis<br />
marginalibus differt. Strata corticalia hyphis<br />
pachydermaticis paraplectenchymaticis composita.<br />
Thallus PD-, K-, C-, acida lichesterinicum<br />
et protolichestericum continens.<br />
Type: Peru, Dep. of Cuzco, C. Bues, alt.<br />
4000 m, Herb. G. K. Merrill (FH, holotype).<br />
Thallus composed of rather curved lobes, c. I<br />
cm high, lobes c. I-2 mm wide, c. L30-150 pm<br />
thick, dorsiventral and canaliculate, dark<br />
brownish on both surfaces, rather smooth, Do
46 Ingvar Kcirnefelt and Arne Thell<br />
W<br />
Figure 1. Cetraia peruviana habit (Holotype, FH). Bar L mm.<br />
cilia or projections seen on the margins, pSeudocyphellae<br />
not observed; cortical layers covered<br />
with a distinct epicortex, c. 5 pm thick on<br />
the upper surface and somewhat thinner on<br />
the lower, upper and lower cortical layers c.<br />
20-30 pm thick, composed of 2-3 layers of<br />
pachydermatous paraplectenchymatous cells,<br />
cells in the outer layer large, 5-7 pm in<br />
diameter, algal cells sparse, treborxioid,<br />
medulla rather lar, medullary hyphae thick, c.<br />
5 pm, strongly gelatinized. Apothecia and conidiomata<br />
not observed. Thallus K-, C-, PDand<br />
UV-. Lichesterinic and protolichesterinic<br />
acids present.<br />
This species is only known from the type<br />
collection carrying the unpublished name<br />
Platysma peruvianum given by G. K. Merrill.<br />
The specimen was carefully examined in anatomical,<br />
structural and chemical characteristics.<br />
It reminds a little in thallus morphology of<br />
Cetraria kamczatica although the lobes are<br />
much more curved and shortened (Figure 1).<br />
Furthermore there are also some similarities<br />
with C. nepalensis (Kiirnefelt 1979) although<br />
C. peruviana has much less distinctly canalicu-<br />
GRAPHTS SCRIPTA 5 (1e93)<br />
late and almost subtubular lobes. Unfortunately<br />
the material is very limited and there<br />
were no ascomata or mature conidiomata<br />
found. Some undeveloped marginal pycnidia<br />
were observed, although mature conidia could<br />
not be located. Both ascus structures and conidia<br />
are othenvise characters of major importance<br />
for the recognition of species belonging<br />
to Cetraia (Kiirnefelt et al. 1992, 1993). The<br />
evidence from the anatomical characters of the<br />
thallus in addition to presence of lichesterinic<br />
and protolichesterinic acids are, however,<br />
strong arguments that this species should<br />
actually belong within Cetraria.<br />
There is no information about the habitat<br />
ecology on the label. Cetraia peruviana is,<br />
however, most probably a terricolous species.<br />
There was no information in Soukup (1%5)<br />
that a lichen of this kind was earlier known to<br />
Peru.<br />
Cetraria nivalis (L.) Acharius<br />
Methodus Lichenum, 1803: 293. Basionym:<br />
Lichen nivalb L., Spec. Plant., L753: LL45.
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
Lobaria nivalis Hoffm., Deutschl. Flora, 1796:<br />
L43. - Platysma nivale Frege, Deutsch. Botan.<br />
Taschenbuch, 2. Theil, t8L2: l6L. - Parmeli"a<br />
nivalis Sprgl., Syst. Veget., vol. III, 1831 :525. -<br />
Allocetraria nivalis (L.) Randl. et Saag,<br />
Mycotaron 44, L992: 492.<br />
Lichen candidus Lam., Flore Franc. ed.2,<br />
vol. I, 1788: 81.<br />
Thallus erect foliose, 5-8 cm high, lobes up to<br />
7 mm broad, rather flat, lower surface pale<br />
yellow, foveolate, upper surface yellow, usually<br />
smooth and glossy, pseudocyphellae absent,<br />
marginal projections absent; upper cortex 20-<br />
30 pm thick, paraplectenchymatous, consisting<br />
of usually small, pachydermatous, thick-walled<br />
cells with small lumina, lower cortex 20-30 pm<br />
thick composed of the same type of cells.<br />
Apothecia rare, marginal, at lobe ends, diameter<br />
3-8 ffiffi, disc brown; asci 30-40 x 8-10<br />
Itffi, spores ellipsoidal 5-6 x 3-4 Ffr, arial<br />
body c. 0.3 pm broad, tholus with an amyloid<br />
ring structure; paraphyses 40-50 x L pm; pycnidia<br />
black, marginal, 50-70 x 50-70 Fffi,<br />
without cortical tissue beneath the pycnidium,<br />
conidia slightly bifusiform, c. 6 x I pm.Usnic<br />
acid present in the cortical layer. No medullary<br />
compounds detected.<br />
Apart from some structural differences in<br />
the thallus in addition to differences in secondary<br />
compounds Cetraia nivalrs and C. cucullata<br />
presumably represent closely associated<br />
talra based upon characters in the asci and<br />
conidiomata. The significance of these characters<br />
will be discussed in a forthcoming paper<br />
by Kiirnfelt et al. (1993). Both species in addition<br />
seem to occur in the same habitats within<br />
arctic-boreal areas mainly in the northern<br />
hemisphere (Hasselrot L953, Hillmann L936,<br />
Rassadina 1950, Thomson 1984). Both species,<br />
however, also occur in scattered areas in cold<br />
temperate regions in the Andes (Hasselrot<br />
1953) and there are also a few records from<br />
southernmost South America. During studies<br />
of herbarium material from the Farlow Herbarium,<br />
however, one collection from New<br />
Guinea (Mt Wilhelm, 1938, Brass & Myer-<br />
Dress) seemed to belong to C. nivalis. The<br />
Notes on the cetrarioid lichens 47<br />
specimen is unusually luuriant with rather<br />
broad and strongly yellowish lobes with several<br />
well developed apothecia. After anatomical<br />
investigations of asci, conidia and thallus<br />
structures in addition to secondary chemistry<br />
there is, however, no doubt that this specimen<br />
actually belong to C. nivalis. There are no<br />
indication of a known distribution of C. nivalis<br />
from this part of the world earlier (Streimann<br />
1986) and it is reported as new for New<br />
Guinea. Both C. nivalis and C. cucullata are<br />
not known from the Australasian region<br />
including New kaland (Filson & Rogers<br />
L979, Galloway L985, Weber & Wetmore<br />
re72).<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
We would like to thank Per I-assen for help<br />
with the latin diagnosis and for general comments<br />
on the text. Financial support for this<br />
study has been granted by Anna and Svante<br />
Murbiicks fond.<br />
References<br />
Filson, R. & Rogers, R. 'W. L979: Lichens of<br />
South Australia. Adelaide.<br />
Galloway, D. 1985: Flora of New Zealand Lichens.<br />
New Zealand Government Printer,<br />
Wellington.<br />
Hasselrot, T. E. 1953: Nordliga lavar i Sydoch<br />
Mellansverige. Acta Phytogeogr. Suec.<br />
33.<br />
Hillmann, J. L936: Parmeliaceae. Rabenhorst<br />
IOypt.-Fl. Deutschl. Osten. Schweiz, ed. 2,<br />
IX, 5(3).L-eipzig.<br />
Ktirnefelt, I. 1979: The brown fruticose species<br />
of Cetraria. Opera Bot. 46: I-150.<br />
Kdrnefelt, f., Mattsson, J.-E. & Thell, A.<br />
1992: Evolution and phylogeny of cetrarioid<br />
lichens. PL Syst. Evol. In press.<br />
Kiirnefelt, I., Mattsson, J.-E. & Thell, A.<br />
t993: The lichen genera Arctocetraria,<br />
Cetraria and Cetrariella (Parmeliaceae)<br />
and their presumed evolutionary affinities.<br />
Bryologisf. In press.
48 Ingvar Kcirnefelt and Arne Thell<br />
Rassadina, K. A. 1950: Tsetraria (Cetraria)<br />
CCCP. Trav. Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR<br />
Spor. Rast. Ser. 2 (5): L7l-304.<br />
Soukup, J. 1965: Lista de liquenes de Peru.<br />
Biota, Lima 6:28-45.<br />
Streimann, H. 1986: Catalogue of the lichens<br />
of Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. Bibl.<br />
Lich. 22: l-1.45.<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
Thomsotr, J. 1984: American Arctic lichens. I<br />
The macrolichens. New York.<br />
Weber, 'W. & Wetmore, C. M. L972: Catalogue<br />
of the lichens of Australia exclusive<br />
of Tasmania. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 41: 1-<br />
137.
Ramonia, a lichen genus new to Scandinavia<br />
ASTRI BOTNEN<br />
Botnen, A. L993: Ramonia, a lichen genus new to Scandinavia. Graphb<br />
Scripta 5: 49-50. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593.<br />
The genus Ramonia with the species R subsphaeroides (Tav.) Yezda is<br />
reported as new to Scandinavia from Hordaland, western Nonvay. It has been<br />
found on old, pollarded trunks of Fraxinus excelsior.<br />
Asti Botnen, Botanical Institute, University of Bergen, Alligt. 41, 5007 Bergen,<br />
Norway.<br />
Recent studies of the epiphytic flora of old,<br />
pollarded trunks of Fraxinus excelsior in western<br />
Norway have lead to discoveries of many<br />
rare lichen species. One of these, Ramonia<br />
subsphaeroides, is here reported as new to<br />
northern Europe.<br />
Ramonia subsphaeroides is characterized<br />
within Ramonia by small apothecia, 0.?-0.4<br />
mm in diameter, poriform ostioles up to 0.2<br />
rrun, fusiform, mostly 9-septate spores, with a<br />
gelatinous epispore (Vezda 19ffi, Coppins<br />
1987). In the Nonregian material the spores<br />
are 38-52 x 4-5.5(-7) pm. This is in accordance<br />
with the measurements given by Tavares<br />
(1950 p. 59), based on material from the type<br />
locality in Portugal. Ramoni"a subsphaeroides<br />
is closely related to an undescribed species<br />
treated by Coppins (1987) as R. luteola<br />
(Coppins pers. comm.), but this species has a<br />
widely gaping ostiolum, and narrowly clavate<br />
spores without epispore.<br />
Ramonia subsphaeroides occurred on old,<br />
pollarded trunks of Fracinus excelsior in a<br />
dense, mixed deciduous forest at 30 m altitude<br />
in a steep, southfacing slope in the old cultural<br />
landscape surrounding the farmhouses at<br />
Havrfltunet, on the Island of Osterey, westernmost<br />
Nonray. It was sparse, and grew<br />
rather high up on the trunks, on soft bark,<br />
mainly in bark crevices or partly overgrown by<br />
bryophytes and foliose lichens. Associated<br />
species included Lecidella elaeochroma, Leptogium<br />
cyanescens, Thelopsis rubella, and the<br />
livenrorths Frullania sp. and Meugeri"a sp.<br />
Ecologically it seems to be similar to Thelopsis<br />
tlaveola which occurs in the same niches.<br />
Distribution<br />
Ramonia subsphaeroides was previously<br />
known only from the type-locality in Serra do<br />
Ger€s in northern Portugal where it was collected<br />
on Acer pseudoplatanus at an altitude of<br />
350 m (Tavares 1950) and from the Algarve<br />
area in southern Portugal (leg. M. P. Jones<br />
(BM), Coppins pers. comm.).<br />
With the presently cited finds in western<br />
Nonvay, Ramonin subsphaeroides shows 'a<br />
remarkable disjunct distribution. Although the<br />
species is probably rare, it is likely to have a<br />
more continuous distribution in western<br />
Europe. Because of its minute size, it is easily<br />
overlooked.<br />
Specimens examined.' Nonvay. Hordaland:<br />
Osteroy, Havritunet, July 1992, Botnen (BG).<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
Thanks are due to Dr. Brian Coppins, Edinburgh,<br />
for confirming the identity of Ramonia
50 Astri Botnen<br />
subsphaeroid,es, and<br />
ments.<br />
References<br />
Coppins, B. J. 1987:<br />
the British Isles.<br />
417.<br />
for taxonomical com-<br />
The genus Ramonin in<br />
Lichenologist 19: 409-<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
Tavares, C. N. 1950: Liquenes da Serra do<br />
Ger€s. Portugalia Acta Biologica, ser B. 3<br />
(112):1-189.<br />
Yezda, A. Lgffi: Flechtensystematische Studien<br />
III. Die Gattungen Ramonia Stiz. und<br />
Gloeolecta I-ett. Folia geobotanica et<br />
phytotaxonomica, Praha I : 154-t75.
Floristic notes on some Swedish Lepraria and Leproloma species<br />
LARS-ERIK MUHR<br />
Muhr, L.-8. 1993: Floristic notes on some lrpraria and Leproloma species.<br />
Graphis Scipta 5; 51-52. Stockholm. ISSN 0901 -7593.<br />
Lepraia eburnea, L. elobata, L. igidula and Leproloma diffusum var. dfusum<br />
are reported as new to Sweden. New localities are given for Lepraria lesdainii,<br />
L. lobificares and Leproloma diffusum var. chrysodetoi^des. All specimens<br />
were investigated by TLC.<br />
Lars-Erik Muhr, Selkrol
52 Lars-Erik Muhr<br />
Muhr, UPS), 12452 (UPS). New to<br />
Sweden. Oxypannaric acid (TLC).<br />
var. chrysodetoid.es laundon. Dalsland: Dalskog<br />
por., Norra B6sane, mossy rock in a<br />
ravine, 1989, Muhr 11815 (UPS). Niirl
Nfrgra hotade lavar i Smfland<br />
LOUNE LINDBLOM och JAN-ERIC MATTSSON<br />
Lindbloffi, L. & Mattsson J.-8. L993: N6gra hotade lavar i Smiland. [Some<br />
threatened lichens i Sm6land, southern Sweden.] Graphis Scripta 5: 53-59.<br />
Stockholm. ISSN 0901 -7593.<br />
In order to study the present occurrence of threatened lichens in the province<br />
of Sm6land, southern Sweden, 45 old localities of 9 species (Collema nigrescens,<br />
C. occttltatum, Degelin plumbea, Lethaia vulpina, Moelleropsis nebulosa,<br />
Pannaia meditercanea, Ramalina thrausta, Usnea barbata, and U.<br />
longissima) were investigated. With the exception of nvo finds of Degelia<br />
plumbea, none of these lichen species were refound. The causes for the<br />
extinction of the populations are discussed, as well as the limits of the methods<br />
used.<br />
Louise Lindblom och Jan-Eric Mattsson, Instituti.onen fdr Systematisk<br />
Botanik. O. VaUgatan 18-20, S-223 61 Lund, Sweden.<br />
Av Sveriges lavar anses omkring 10 % eller<br />
2I2 arter vara hotade (Databanken f6r hotade<br />
arter och Naturv6rdsverket 1991). For m6nga<br />
av dessa arter iir kunskapen om biologi,<br />
utbredning och nuvarande status otillr6cklig<br />
f6r att en siker beskrivning av hot och for att<br />
liimpliga skyddsitgtirder skall kunna g6ras. I<br />
forsta hand ghller detta ett 50-tal arter f6r<br />
vilka aktuella utbredningsuppgifter saknas och<br />
som antingen har fe tidigare kiinda lokaler i<br />
Sverige eller som tidigare f6rekommit pi ett<br />
stort antal lokaler (> 100) men som sannolikt<br />
minskat kraftigt under senare tid.<br />
Floravlrdskommittdn f6r lavar ([ars<br />
Arvidsson, Per-Anders Esseen, Mats Karstrom,<br />
Jan-Eric Mattsson och Gbran Thor)<br />
genomf6r d6rfor sedan 1990 ett fem6rigt<br />
forskningsprojekt, med ekonomiskt stod frin<br />
VSrldsnaturfonden (WWF), for att forbiittra<br />
kunskapen om dessa arter. Projektet har dessutom<br />
som ytterligare syfte att (1) Ge<br />
beslutsunderlag fOr att avg6ra liimpliga hotkategorier,<br />
trh for att f6resli liimpliga Atgiirder<br />
till skydd for dessa arter. (2) Vidareutveckla en<br />
metod f6r overvakning av hotade arter och p[<br />
sikt etablera lawiiktarverksamhet. (3)<br />
Vidareutveckla inventeringsmetoder liimpliga<br />
for undersdkning av lavar med olika utbredningsm0nster,<br />
ekologi osv. .<br />
Projektet leds av' Florav6rdskommittdn f6r<br />
lavar, men en stor del av ftiltarbetet genomfors<br />
av personer utanfOr kommitt6n, vilka liven har<br />
m6jlighet att sjtilvstiindigt publicera sina<br />
resultat.<br />
Hiir redovisas resultat av en f,terinventering<br />
av 9 arter i Smiland utford sommaren<br />
1990 med nAgon senare komplettering. Inventeringsarbetet<br />
har genomforts av l,ouise Lindblom<br />
i niira samarbete med projektet "Hotade<br />
lavar i sodra Sverige" i Lund. Ytterligare nigra<br />
arter som inventerades vid samma tillfllle<br />
kommer att redovisas senare.<br />
Urval av arter<br />
En fullstiindig lista over uppgifter om hotade<br />
lavar i Sm6land erh6lls ur databasen vid Databanken<br />
f6r hotade arter vid Sveriges [^antbruksuniversitet<br />
i Uppsala. Tio arter med fe
54 Loube Lindblom och Jan-Eric Mattsson GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
Figur 1. Bestikta lokaler i Sm6land. l,okalnummer refererar till Tabell 1 och Appendix. F=<br />
J6nkopings liin, G= Kronobergs liin, H= Kalmar liin, f{= Hallands liin.<br />
gamla lokaluppgifter i Smiland inventerades:<br />
Bryoria smithii, Collema nigrescens, C. occultatum,<br />
Leptogium q)anescens ) Lethaia<br />
vulpina, Menegazzia terebrata, Moelleropsis<br />
nebulosa, Pannaia meditenanea, Usnea barbata<br />
och U. longbsima. Aven Degelia<br />
(Parmeliella) plumbea och Ramalina thrausta<br />
inventerades. Dfl dessa arter var kanda fr6n ett<br />
stort antal iildre lokaler, valdes ett begriinsat<br />
antal av dessa ut f6r iterinventering. Bland de<br />
viildefinierade lokalerna f6r dessa arter valdes<br />
sidana att en god spridning i landskapet<br />
erhOlls.<br />
Metodik<br />
l.okalerna som Aterbes6ktes identifierades se<br />
noggrant som mOjligt med hjalp av topografiska<br />
kartor Gh, f6r lokaler med iildre namn,<br />
generalstabskartan. De utvalda lokalerna 6ter-<br />
besdktes under en ftiltvecka i augusti 1990.<br />
Ambitionen vid Aterbes6ken var att finna<br />
arterna i deras biotop, p6 ursprungslokalen<br />
eller i niirheten av den. Den tid som lades ned<br />
pA varje lokal varierade avsevSrt, dels pi grund<br />
av skiftande noggrannhet i lokal- och biotopangivelser<br />
f6r de ursprungliga ffnden, dels<br />
beroende pa hur stora omrflden i ntirheten av<br />
lokalen som bedomdes vara vtirda att genomsoka.<br />
Om substratet tidigare var khnt, s6ktes<br />
laven i f6rsta hand pfl detta, men den<br />
efters6ktes iiven pi andra liimpliga substrat.<br />
Vegetationstyp, markanviindning, populationsstorlek<br />
och individstatus noterades i falt.<br />
Resultat<br />
Resultaten for 9 av de LZ inventerade arterna<br />
redovisas nedan. Inga 6ter$rnd gjordes under
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1e93)<br />
Tabell 1. Bes6kta lokaler for varje inventerad art,<br />
arten ej Aterfanns. Lokalnummer hiinvisar till<br />
Appendix.<br />
Hotade lavar i Smdland 55<br />
uppgift om Aterffnd samt m6jliga orsaker till att<br />
Figur 1. FOr fullstiindiga lokaluppgifter se<br />
Art Inkal (nr) Trolie orsak till<br />
forsvinnande<br />
Collema nigresceru<br />
Collema occultatum<br />
Degelia plumbea<br />
Letharia vulpina<br />
Moelleropsb nebulosa<br />
Pannaria meditenanea<br />
Rarnalina tlvausta<br />
Usnea barbata<br />
Usnea longissima<br />
Almes6kra, Toranes (1)<br />
Almes8kra, prdstgErdstrbdgirden (2)<br />
Eksj6, Sotsen (3)<br />
Gryteryd, S. Roshult (4)<br />
Korsberga, Holmstorpet (5)<br />
Nbssjo, Sdr6ngens folkhogskola (6)<br />
Reftele, Vimmelstorp, vid gtrden (7)<br />
Oggestorp (8)<br />
Oreryd, Nissafors bruk, all6n (9)<br />
Bottnaryd, Tokebo, Qvarnsjon (10)<br />
Gnosjo, Lid (11)<br />
Kristdala, Humlends, SO g8rden (13)<br />
Niissjo, Soriingens folkhogskola (6)<br />
Tornsfall, by the church (14)<br />
fuenhoga, V-sidan Gotarpssjon (12)<br />
Annerstad, 1,5 km SO kyrkan (20)<br />
Hinneryd, € 1 km N kyrkan (21)<br />
Ktllerstad, vid vdgen O kyrkan (15)<br />
Torpa, strax S kyrkan (22)<br />
Torskinge, Gummarp (16)<br />
As, niira viigen N Svaneholm (17)<br />
fuenhoga, ca 1 km N kyrkan (18)<br />
fuenhoga, V-sidan Gotarpssjon (12)<br />
Ingatorp (26)<br />
Mtlilla, Mtlilla stn, Dalsbacken (27)<br />
N. Sandsjo, v6gkorset vid kyrkan (23)<br />
Nottebiick, Granhult, kyrkan (28)<br />
Niissjo, V sydl. gtrden i Istsa (24)<br />
fu, e gamla kyrkotaket (25)<br />
Rydaholm, Mohyltan, Fridebo rg (29)<br />
Giillaryd, Os, vid vbgen O ut (30)<br />
Killerstad, O viigskiilet S kyrkan (15)<br />
Almestkra, N-Viebeck (31)<br />
Almundsryd, Alshult (39)<br />
Giillaryd, Os, v. vdgen osterut (30)<br />
Hjorted, 1 km N Morhult, Gissjdn (33)<br />
Hogsby, Sinnerbo (34)<br />
knhovda, Alatorp (40)<br />
Locknevi , 378 V Viistantorp (35)<br />
Monsteris, ca 1,5 km O Baggemfrla (36)<br />
Monster5s, Tj6rorshiill, N-sluttn (37)<br />
Niissjo, Spexhult (32)<br />
Rumskulla, S St. Holmsjdn (38)<br />
Rumskulla, N fu;on 1fa;<br />
Alghult, NV Viinatorp (41)<br />
Alghult, S Algasjon (2)<br />
Alghult, V Hageskruv (43)<br />
Eksj6, Lunnag8rd (3)<br />
Eksj6, Sotsen (3)<br />
Agunnaryd, MSlensts (a5)<br />
N. Hestra, m kyrkan och jvgstn (44)<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
?<br />
Skogsbruk/bebyggelse<br />
?<br />
Osiker lokalidentifi ering<br />
Bebyggelse/skogsbruk<br />
?<br />
Os5ker lokalidentifiering<br />
Bebyggelse<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
?<br />
?<br />
Bebyggelse/skogsbruk<br />
Substrat borta<br />
?<br />
Aterfunn en I9 {t2<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
?<br />
Bebyggelse<br />
?<br />
Gallring<br />
?<br />
?<br />
OsAker lokalidentifiering<br />
Substrat borta<br />
Substrat borta<br />
Substrat ytbehandlat<br />
?<br />
Substrat borta<br />
Tillf?illig<br />
?<br />
?<br />
S kogsbruk/osiiker lokalid.<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
?<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
Skogsbru k/osiiker lokalid.<br />
Skogsbruk/oshker lokalid.<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
Skogsbruk/osbker lokalid.<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
Skogsbruk/osiiker lokalid.<br />
Skogsbruk<br />
Skogsbruk/oshker lokalid.<br />
Skogsbruk/bebyggelse<br />
S kogsbru kr/bebyggelse<br />
Skogsbruk/osiiker lokalid.<br />
Bebyggelse
56 Louise Lindblom och lan-Eic Mattsson<br />
tdltveckan. M6jliga orsaker till forsvinnandet<br />
framg6r av Tabell 1.<br />
Resultat av inventeringen av Bryoia<br />
smithii, Leptogium qanescens och Menegazzia<br />
terebrata kommer att redovisas i samband med<br />
att ovriga inventeringar av dessa arter publiceras.<br />
Ater$nd av D. plumbea har gjorts pA BIA<br />
Jungfrun, Misterhult socken (lokal 19, Figur<br />
1) av Ivar Ottosson (muntl.). Ett Aterffnd av<br />
D. plumbea pA lokalen i Annerstad socken<br />
(lokal 20, Figur 1) gjordes 1992, sedan exaktare<br />
lokaluppgifter hade erh6llits, inom projektet<br />
"Hotade lavar i sodra Sverige" i Lund.<br />
Diskussion<br />
Utdrag ur databasen vid Databanken for<br />
hotade arter visar att flera lichenologer, t. ex.<br />
O. Almborn, G. DegeliuS, G. Haglund och T.<br />
E. Hasselrot, var aktiva i Sm6land 1920-50.<br />
Det forklarar det h6ga antalet ffnd av hotade<br />
arter under denna period. Ett stort antal &nd<br />
av en viss art under denna period behover<br />
alltsi inte innebtira att den var vanlig. Vissa<br />
hotade arter kan redan dA ha varit pA tillbakagang.<br />
De inventerade arterna kan generellt<br />
grupperas efter den troliga orsaken till att de<br />
ej Aterfanns. Lethaia vulpina har huvudsakligen<br />
forsvunnit p6 grund av direkt mtinsklig<br />
piverkan. Denna orsak glller delvis dven vissa<br />
andra arter pA nigra lokaler, t. ex. Collema<br />
nigrescens och C. occultatum vid S6riingens<br />
folkh6gskola. Orsaken till att Moelleropsis<br />
nebulosa ej fiterfanns iir troligen att arten<br />
f6rekommer i st6rda miljoer, t. ex. nyanlagda<br />
vAgskiirningar och diirf6r ej kan forviintas<br />
finnas kvar pi den ursprungliga lokalen, som<br />
dessutom var relativt vagt angiven. Enligt<br />
Floravflrdskommitt€n f6r lavar (1987) har<br />
endast wA ffnd av M. nebulosa gjorts i Sverige<br />
efter 1950.<br />
Arter som Collema nigrescens, Ramalina<br />
thrausta, Usnea barbata och U. longissima<br />
verkar vara drabbade av det moderna skogsbruket.<br />
Arton 6ldre lokaler for R thrausta<br />
besoktes, men inga 6terffnd gjordes. De flesta<br />
av dessa lokaler 6r piverkade av skogsbruk<br />
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 5 (1993)<br />
och hiinglavar 6r sparsamt forekommande.<br />
Allan Nicklasson har bes6kt ytterligare ett<br />
antal lokaler for denna art i Viixj6-omrAdet<br />
utan n6got ffnd (muntl.). Ett utdrag ur databasen<br />
vid Databanken f6r hotade arter visar<br />
att det finns ett ffnd av R thrausta fr6n 1860talet,<br />
sju &nd fr6n L920-talet, 52 fynd fr6n<br />
1930-talet och dtirefter inga ffnd 6ver huvud<br />
taget i Smflland (Tabell2). DA flera lichenologer<br />
var aktiva i Sm6land 1920-50, kan detta<br />
forklara det h6ga antalet ffnd, trots att arten<br />
redan di sannolikt var pi tillbakaging. Pi de<br />
tre lokaler i Smiland som Degelius (1934)<br />
niimner forekom arten i ett exemplar eller<br />
sparsamt. Enligt Ahlner (1948) forekom R.<br />
thrausta mestadels i ringa miingd pi dess<br />
enskilda lokaler. U. longissima forekom i<br />
tr6gviixande gamla trtidbestind, vilka bor vara<br />
skuggiga och vindskyddade, och den iir mycket<br />
kiinslig f6r rationellt skogsbruk (Ahlner 1931,<br />
1948). Esseen m. fl. (1981) framhiiver f6r U.<br />
longissima oceaniteten (liten temperaturamplitud<br />
och hog och stabil relativ luftfuktighet),<br />
samt dess krav pA gammal skog. Endast fragment<br />
av skogen i N. Hestra fanns lrvar pfl<br />
grund av bebyggelse, medan lokalen i Agunnaryd<br />
socken iir piverkad av skogsbruk.<br />
Samtliga dessa arter var sannolikt p6 titlbakag6ng<br />
redan i bdrjan av detta sekel.<br />
Oceaniska arter, som Pannaria mediterranea,<br />
Degelia plumbea och Collema nigrescens<br />
tycks ha forsvunnit frfln sina Ostliga<br />
lokaler och diirmed f6tt en mer viistlig utbredning<br />
(I-eif Bjorkman muntl., Hultengren m. fl.<br />
1993).<br />
Vid iterinventering med syfte att<br />
dokumentera arters forekomst p6 tidigare<br />
k6nda lokaler, tir det nodviindigt att identifiera<br />
dessa lokaler. M6jligheten att identifiera en<br />
lokal exakt varierar med hur noggrann<br />
beskrivningen av det ursprungliga ffndet 6r.<br />
Enklast 6r de lokalen best6r av en byggnad<br />
eller dylikt, t. ex. en kyrka eller ett solitiirt trhd.<br />
Sv6rare iir homogena biotoper, diir endast<br />
noggrant utmiitta lokalangivelser kan s6kerstllla<br />
identifieringen. An storre problem bjuder<br />
en viildefinierad och rumsligt begrinsad<br />
biotop, men med nflgot vaga angivelser inom<br />
denna. I samtliga dessa tre fall 5r det oftast
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
Tabell 2. Totala antalet registrerade fynd av hotade arter i<br />
vid Databanken f6r hotade arter samt antalet registrerade<br />
eventuella dubletter).<br />
C, nigrescens<br />
D. plumbea<br />
R thrausta<br />
Totalt*<br />
Antal ffnd av:<br />
Almborn<br />
0<br />
Degelius<br />
0<br />
Du Rietz<br />
0<br />
Fries 8., & Th. M. 44<br />
Haglund<br />
0<br />
Hasselrot<br />
0<br />
Hedvall<br />
0<br />
Hotade lavar i Smdland 57<br />
Smiland per decennium i databasen<br />
ffnd f6r vissa insamlare (inklusive<br />
18s0 60 70 80 90 1900 10 20 30 40 1950 60 70 80 90<br />
01<br />
102<br />
01<br />
69 23<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
00<br />
21<br />
00<br />
24 31<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
* Totalt antal Snd av hotade lavar i Sm8land.<br />
mojligt att avgora om man besoker riitt lokal<br />
eller ej och dtirmed ta stiillning till om ett fynd<br />
tir ett ny$nd eller ett 6ter$'nd. I vlrsta fall<br />
finns endast vaga angivelser i homogena<br />
biotoper, d det blir praktiskt taget om6jligt att<br />
avgora om man befinner sig pi den ursprungliga<br />
lokalen.<br />
I denna undersokning f6rekom lokalangivelser<br />
av samtliga ffra typer. Lokalen f6r<br />
Collema vid S6rtingens folkh6gskola och<br />
flertalet av lokalerna fU Letharia vulpina 5r<br />
exempel pA den enklast identifierade lokalbeskrivningen.<br />
lokalen for Ramalina thrausta<br />
i Incknevi socken visar att en noggrant utmiitt<br />
lokal 6r m6jlig att identifiera trots en homogen<br />
biotop. l,okalerna for Degelia plumbea i<br />
K6llerstad och Torpa socknar iir exempel pA<br />
vaga angivelser i begriinsade biotoper. Flertalet<br />
av lokalerna for Ramalina thrausta utg6r<br />
exempel pi det sviraste fallet av lokalidentifiering.<br />
Vill man undersoka en arts nuvarande<br />
status m8ste en iterinventering kompletteras<br />
med undersokningar av andra f6r arten liimpliga<br />
miljoer. Aven om en art ar utgingen frin<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
3<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
10<br />
03<br />
00<br />
723<br />
00<br />
00<br />
015<br />
00<br />
00<br />
00<br />
00<br />
401<br />
11 2t 5<br />
752 0<br />
96 138 48<br />
10<br />
1<br />
0<br />
15<br />
0143 0<br />
2034 3 15<br />
0100<br />
0000<br />
59 15 0 0<br />
054 0 0<br />
1522 1 0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
6<br />
0<br />
0<br />
I<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
3<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
07<br />
01<br />
00<br />
629<br />
en gammal lokal iir sannolikheten relativt h6g<br />
att den kan &terfinnas i en liimplig biotop i<br />
niirheten. Vill man unders6ka om en art finns<br />
n6ra ursprungslokalen b6r artens biologi vara<br />
k6nd. Kunskapen om detta kan erhAllas pi<br />
olika s6tt, vilka hbr anges i fallande ordning<br />
efter fordelaktighet: (1) Inventeraren har tidigare<br />
erfarenheter av den eftersokta arten och<br />
dess biologi. (2) Artens biotop iir noggrant<br />
beskriven vid det tidigare ffndtilltiillet. (3)<br />
Information om artens biologi erhills muntligen<br />
av n8gon med erfarenhet av arten. (4)<br />
Information om artens biologi erh6lls genom<br />
litteraturstudier.<br />
Det finns alltsi minga problem niir man<br />
vill avg6ra en arts status. Mer eller mindre<br />
fullstiindiga undersokningar av ldmpliga<br />
biotoper iir sannolikt nodvtindiga for att<br />
erhfllia siikra resultat. Aterinvenleringar av<br />
kiinda lokaler kan aldrig vara till$llest for att<br />
klargOra en arts nuvarande status.<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0
58 Louise Lindblom cch Jan-Eric Mattsson<br />
Tack<br />
Ekonomiskt stod for denna undersokning har<br />
tacksamt mottagits fr6n wwF.<br />
Referenser<br />
Ahlner, S. I93L: Usnea longissima Ach. i<br />
' Skandinavien. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 25:<br />
395-416.<br />
Ahlner, S. L948: Utbredningstyper bland<br />
nordiska barrtrtidslavar. Acta Phytogeogr.<br />
Suec. 22: l-257.<br />
Databanken for hotade arter och Naturv6rdsverket<br />
L99l: Hotade vitxter i Sverige Lggl.<br />
Lund.<br />
Degelius, G. 1934: Anteckningar till Smilands<br />
busk- och bladlavflora. Svensk Bot. Ti^dskr.<br />
28: 405-435.<br />
DegeliuS, G. 1939: Fynd av miirkligare buskoch<br />
bladlavar i sydviistra Sverige sommaren<br />
1938. Bot. Notiser 1939: 393-396.<br />
Esseen, P.-A., Ericson, L., Lindstr6m, H. &<br />
Zackrisson, O. 1981: Occurrence and<br />
Ecology of Usnea longissima in central<br />
Sweden . Lichenologist 13: 177- 190.<br />
Floravflrdskommittdn for lavar 1987: Prelimindr<br />
lista over hotade lavar i Sverige.<br />
Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 81: 237 -256.<br />
Hultengren, S., Kannesten, C. & Svenssotr, S.<br />
1993: Om nigra oceaniska lavar i<br />
Sydviistsverige. Graphis Scipta 5: 24-38.<br />
Appendix<br />
Fullstiindig lokalforteckning f6r de redovisade<br />
arterna. Kod i parentes efter artnamn innebiir<br />
hotkategori och biotop enligt Databanken f6r<br />
hotade viixter och Naturv6rdsverket (1991).<br />
Varje nedanstiende lokalangivelse inleds med<br />
sockennamn. Forkortningar anger vilket<br />
herbarium som forvarar ursprungskollekten:<br />
G. Degelius privata herbarium (Degel.),<br />
Goteborgs universitet (GB), Botaniska museet,<br />
Lund (LD), Naturhistoriska riksmuseet,<br />
Stockholm (S), Umei universitet (UME),<br />
Uppsala universitet (UPS), annat herbarium<br />
(AH). I tv6 fall anges var litteraturuppgiften iir<br />
hiimtad. Nummer sist inom parentes refererar<br />
till figur 1.<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1993)<br />
Collema nigrescens (2S): Jonkopings ltin:<br />
Almes6kra, Toranbs, 1865, ktterctedt (UPS)<br />
(1); Almesikra, prtistgflrdstrtidgfirden, pi ask,<br />
1927, Haglund (LD) (2); Eksjo, So6sen, pA<br />
aSp, fA ex, LX)7 , Johansson (S) (3); Grytetyd,<br />
S. Roshult, fristiende medelstor mossig Acer<br />
platanoides i hagmark v. g6rdarna, rikl., tiiml.<br />
skuggigt, 1951., Degelius (GB) (4); Korsbet9l,<br />
Holmstorpet, Yngves hage, 1927, Gaunitz<br />
(UME) (5); Nassjo, Sordngen, L927, Haglund<br />
(S) (6); Niissj6, vid Sdrtingens folkh6gskola, pi<br />
osp, 1927, Hedvall (LD) (6); Reftele,<br />
Vimmelstorp, e 3 iildre ldnnar (Acer<br />
platanoides) v. girden (vtigen), lokalt rikl. (!<br />
lFuggigt<br />
och fuktigt), 1951, Degelius (GB) (7);<br />
Oggestorp So, 1869, Fries, (S) (8); Oreryd,<br />
Nissafors bruk, all€n, gammal Populus stam<br />
mot SV, 1949, Du Rietz (AH) (9).<br />
Collema occultatum (2S): Ionkopings liin:<br />
Bottnaryd, Tokebo, NO-iinden av Qvarnsjon,<br />
i skogsbryn n6ra stranden, on trunk of<br />
Populus, Igffi, Du Rietz (UPS) (10); Gnosj6,<br />
Lid (asp i blandskog), 1932, Degelius (Degel.)<br />
(11); Niissjo, N. Sordngens folkh6gskola, p8<br />
&sp, 1937, Haglund (LD) (6); Asenhoga, Vsidan<br />
av Gotarpssjon, ngt fuktig bjorkaspskog,<br />
rikl., 5 en ung asp (c. L.5-2 m upp),<br />
tiiml. exp. liige, 1951, Degelius (Degel.) (LZ).<br />
Kalmar liin: Kristdala, Humleniis, yngre ask<br />
vid viigen SO girden, lovskog, riklig, L949,<br />
Degelius (Degel.) (13); Tornsfall, by the<br />
church on old Fracinus, 1949, Magnusson<br />
(uPS) (14).<br />
Degelia plumbea (2S): Jonkopings liin:<br />
Killerstad, hagmark vid vdgen O tyrtan, asp,<br />
1933, Degelius (Degel.) (15); Torskinge,<br />
Gummarp, asp i nordsluttning, L933, Degelius<br />
(Degel.) (16); As, ndra viigen N Svaneholm,<br />
tsp<br />
i bjorkbacke, 1929, Degelius (Degel.) (17);<br />
Asenhoga, ca 1 km N kyrkan, alp i bjorkskog,<br />
L932, Degelius (Degel.) (18); Asenh6ga, Vsidan<br />
av G6tarpssjon, ngt fuktig bj6rkaspskog,<br />
spars e basen av en aSp, 1951,<br />
Degelius (Degel.) (12). Kalmar liin:<br />
Misterhult, Ble Jungfrun, pi 11 lonnar och 3<br />
ekar, 1990, Ottosson (muntlig uppgift) (19)
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
Kronobetgs ltin: Annerstad, holme i mossen<br />
1.5 km SO kyrkan, torr aspstam, 194?, Tor6n<br />
(Degel.) (20); Hinneryd, ca 1 km N kyrkan vid<br />
v?igen till Torpa, asp, 193?, Degelius (Degel.)<br />
(2L); Torpa, osp i ekbacke stran S kyrkan,<br />
1932, Degelius (Degel.) (22).<br />
Letharia vulpina (4SV): Ionkdpings liin: N.<br />
Sandsj6, vigkorset vid kyrkan, gammalt staket,<br />
1930, Haglund (LD) (23); Niissjo, pe v?iggarna<br />
av en gammal bngslada ca 600 m V sydligaste<br />
girden i Isflsa, L929, Hedvall (LD) (24); As,<br />
Ans e gamla kyrkotaket, t876, Bengtsson<br />
(LD) (25); Ingatorp, 1888, Tolf (LD) (26).<br />
Kalmar liin: M6lilla, M6lilla stn, Dalsbacken<br />
pi en gdrdsgirdsstolpe strax invid landsviig€o,<br />
ett fetal €X, 1,908, Johansson (S) (27).<br />
Kronobetgs liin: Nottebdck, Granhult, kyrkan,<br />
1920, Brundin (S) (28).<br />
Moelleropsis nebulosa (3J): Jdnkopings ltin:<br />
Rydaholm, Mohyltan, Frideborg, naken sandig<br />
jord, tiiml riklig, 1944, Degelius (S) (29\.<br />
Pannaia meditenanea (2S): Ihnkopings ltin:<br />
Giillaryd, Os, asp v. viigen O. ut, 1932,<br />
Degelius (Degel.) (30); K6llerstad, strar O<br />
viigskiilet S kyrkan, aspar i nedre delen av<br />
glest bevuxen skogsbacke mot N, 1938, Du<br />
Rietz (S) (15).<br />
Ramalina thrausta (1SB): Ihnkdpings liin:<br />
Almesflkra, N. Viebiick pA doda grangrenar,<br />
1928, Haglund (LD) (31); Gdllaryd, Os, r6nn<br />
v. viigen osterut, 1932, Degelius (Degel.) (30);<br />
Ntissj6, Spexhult, pi dod grangren, 1928,<br />
Haglund (LD) (32).Kalmar liin: Hjorted, 1 km<br />
N M6rhult, brant mot Gissj6n; pe gran och en,<br />
Hotade lavar i Smdland 59<br />
1938, Hasselrot (UPS) (33); H6gsby, Sinnerbo,<br />
gran i mossrik blAbdrsgranskog, 1938,<br />
Hasselrot (S) (34); Locknevi, S-iindan av sjon<br />
378 V. Vbstantorp, gran i granskog, sparsam,<br />
1938, Hasselrot (S) (35); M6nsteris, ca 1.5 km<br />
O Baggem6la, i barrskog, 1938 Haglund (S)<br />
(36); M6nsteris, Baggemila, i granskog vid<br />
v6gen mot T6lebo, 1938, Haglund (S) (36),<br />
Monsteris, mellan Koperhult och Baggem6la,<br />
pA gran, L938 Haglund (LD) (36); Monster8s,<br />
Tjdrorshail, N-sluttningen pi gran, 1935,<br />
Hasselrot (S) (37); Monsteris, Tjiir6rshiill, pi<br />
N-exponerad klippviigg, 1.935, Hasselrot (S)<br />
(37); Rumskulla, S St. Holmsj6n, en i<br />
granskog, L938, Hasselrot (S) (38); Rumskulla,<br />
N Asj6n, en i barrblandskog, 1938_, Hasselrot<br />
(S) (38). Kronoberys liin: Almundsryd, Alshult,<br />
pA gran i granskog vid landwSg€tr, t935,<br />
Hasselrot (S) (39); Irnhovda, Alatorp, gran i<br />
mossrik granskog, 1939, Hasselrot (S) (40);<br />
Atgtrutt, NV V6natorp, gran i mossrik<br />
blflbiirsgranskog, L938, Hasselrot (LD) (41);<br />
Alghult, S Algasj6n, gran och en i<br />
barrblandskog, 1939, Hasselrot (S) (2);<br />
Alghult, V Hageskruv, gran i mossrik<br />
granskog, 1939, Hasselrot (S) (43).<br />
Usnea barbata (3S): Ionkopings liin: Eksjo,<br />
Lunnagird, pi Salix, fe €X, L910, Johansson<br />
(S) (3); Eksjo, So6sen, t906, Johansson (S)<br />
(3).<br />
Usnea longissima (1S): Jonkopings liin: N.<br />
Hestra, skog m kyrkan och jiirnviigsstationen,<br />
1938, Stenholm (Degelius L939) (44).<br />
Kronobergs ltin: Agunnaryd, Mfllensfls, ca<br />
1928, Karlsson (Ahlner l93I) (45).
Notes on some lichenicolous fungi from Denmark<br />
VAGN AISTRUP<br />
Alstrup, V. 1993: Notes on some lichenicolous fungi from Denmark. Graphis<br />
Scipta 5: 60-64. Stockholm. ISSN 0901 -7593.<br />
Two species are new to science: Endococcus tricolorans and Taeniolella<br />
cladinicola. Twelve other species are reported as new to Denmark.<br />
Vagn Alstrup, Institut for gkologisk botanilE @. Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353<br />
Copenhagen K Denmark.<br />
After a "down-period" the lichenicolous fungi<br />
have received much attention during the last<br />
20 years. Identification keys to the group have<br />
been produced for the British Isles<br />
(Hawksworth 1983), Greenland (Alstrup &<br />
Hawksworth 1990), for the lecideicolous<br />
ascomycetes (Triebel 1989) and for the entire<br />
world (Clauzade, Diederich & Rou 1989).<br />
Exsiccates exclusively of lichenicolous fungi<br />
have been distributed by Santesson (1984,<br />
1986), and lichenicolous fungi will be included<br />
in the forthcoming Znd edition of Santesson's<br />
The lichens of Sweden and Noruay and in The<br />
lichens of the Faroes by Alstrup et al. (1993).<br />
Although the first Danish lichenologists E.<br />
Rostrup and J. S. Deichmann Branth were<br />
aware of lichenicolous fungi, the lichenicolous<br />
fungi of Denmark are still insufficiently<br />
known. Christiansen (1954) described the new<br />
genus Nanostictis from Denmark, and later<br />
(1956, 1980) he dealt with the taxonomy and<br />
biology of the genus Lichenoconium. Also<br />
Gunnar Degelius, whose 90 years we celebrate<br />
with this issue of Graphis Scripta, has contributed<br />
to the knowledge of the Danish lichenicolous<br />
fungi through the inclusion of an<br />
appendix of the group in his work on the<br />
lichens of Anholt (Christiansen 1936). Many<br />
Danish collections made by Skytte Christiansen<br />
were treated in cooperation with David<br />
Hawksworth in Hawksworth (I979b, 1981).<br />
About 70 species have now been reported<br />
from Denmark, and I know about 10 further<br />
species which are not safely identified and may<br />
represent undescribed species. The material<br />
reported here was partly collected by myself<br />
(VA), partly found in the lichen herbaria in<br />
Copenhagen and Hamburg, or given to me by<br />
collectors. The collections are found in C unless<br />
othenvise stated.<br />
The districts are abbreviated according to<br />
Alstrup & Sochting (1990).<br />
Endococcus tricolorans Alstrup, sp.<br />
nov.<br />
Pyrenomyces parasiticus, lichenicola. Maculae<br />
infectae ad complures cm diam.; pars centralis<br />
mortua, cinerea, perithecia numerosa, congregata<br />
praebens, zona transitoria rosea, L-2 mm<br />
lata, perithecia sparse praebente et zona marginali<br />
fusca vel nigra, circiter 1 mm lata<br />
peritheciis carente cincta. Perithecia semiimmersa,<br />
nigra, circiter 50 ,nm diam. Excipulum<br />
pseudoparenchymaticum e cellulis nigris formatum.<br />
Hamathecium nullum. Asci subcylindrici<br />
pedibus pands, 8spori, 45-50 x 10- 13 pm<br />
magni. Ascosporae fuscae, laeves, septis singulis<br />
divisae, ad septa constrictae cellula superiore<br />
inferiorem latitudine superante, L1-13(-<br />
15) x 4-5 pm magnae.
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
NC<br />
v J8000<br />
Figure 1. Endococcus ticolorans, holotype. Ascus and ascospores. Scale = 10 pm.<br />
Typer Denmark, Notheast Jutland,<br />
Bunken Strand between Frederikshavn and<br />
Skagen, oo Platismatia glauca found on the<br />
ground in a sand-dune, ZS May 1992, V.<br />
Alstrup & U. SOchting (C, holotype). Figure 1.<br />
Lichenicolous, parasitic, pyrenomycete. Infection<br />
areas up to several cm in diam.; the central<br />
part dead and grey with numerous, aggregated<br />
perithecia, surrounded by a rose transition<br />
zone l-2 mm broad, with scattered<br />
perithecia, and a dark brown to black marginal<br />
zone about 1 mm broad, without perithecia.<br />
Perithecia semi-immersed, black, c. 50 pm<br />
diam. Exciple black, of pseudoparenchymatous<br />
cells. Hamathecium absent. Asci subcylindrical<br />
with a small foot, 8-spored, 45-50 x 10-13<br />
pm. Ascospores dark brown, smooth, l-septate,<br />
constricted at the septum, the upper cell<br />
broader than the lower one, 11-13(-15) x 4-s<br />
pm.<br />
The genus Endococcus was revised by<br />
Hawksworth (1979a} and Triebel (1989)<br />
treated several species occurring on Lecidea s.<br />
lat. A further species, E. vemtcosporu.s Alstrup<br />
Notes on some lichenicolous fungi from Denmark 6l<br />
F-f<br />
is being described from the Faroe Islands on<br />
Hymenelia lacustris (Alstrup et al. L993).<br />
Although several species of. Endococcus are<br />
known, the genus has not been reported from<br />
Platismatia before. E. parictinus (Lindsay)<br />
Clauz. & Rotx is probably its closest relative;<br />
it is a species having dense groups of perithecia<br />
on the host's apothecia, which turn black<br />
or on the thallus, which becomes decolorrzed.<br />
The species is known only from the holotype.<br />
Taeniolella cladinicola Alstrup, sp.<br />
nov,<br />
Hyphomycetes parasiticus, lichenicola. Mycelium<br />
in hyphis hospitis intracellulare, ramificatum,<br />
circiter 2 pm crassum, in aqua achroa<br />
vix visibile, in tinctura LCB manifestum.<br />
Conidiophori breves, superficiales, quisque ex<br />
unica vel paucis cellulis constitutus. Cellulae<br />
conidiogenae integratae, terminales. Conidiogenesis<br />
enteroblastica. Conidia laevia, unicellularia,<br />
7-8 x 3.5-4 pm magna vel raro bicel-
62 Vagn Alstrup<br />
GRAPHrs<br />
scRrPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
Figure 2. Taenialella cladinicola, holotype. l,eft: Mycelium growing inside the host hyphae, in<br />
places penetrating to the surface and starting conidiogenesis, in LCB. Center: Mature-conidiophores<br />
in water. Right: Conidia in water. Scale = l0 rrm.<br />
lularia, Il-14 x 3.5-4.5 pm magna, catenas<br />
formantia, facile separata.<br />
Type: Denmark, Northeast Zealand, Frederiksvrerk<br />
Kommune, Asserbo Plantage,<br />
Strengehus, on Cladonia arbuscula, Nov. I99I,<br />
U. Sochting (C, holotype). Figure 2.<br />
A lichenicolous, parasitic, hyphomycete.<br />
Mycelium intracellular in the host's hyphae,<br />
branching, c. 2 pm thick, uncoloured and<br />
hardly visible in water, becoming distinct in<br />
LCB. Conidiophores short, of one or a few<br />
cells, superficial. Conidiogenous cells integrated,<br />
terminal. Conidiogenesis enteroblastic,<br />
conidia smooth, l-celled, 7-8 x 3.5-4 ltm, or<br />
rarely 2-celled and 1,I-I4 x 3.5-4.5 Fn,<br />
adhering in chains, easily separating.<br />
The new species is rather close to ?i delicata<br />
M. S. Christ. & D. Hawksw. but differs in<br />
the mostly nonseptate, easily separating conidia.<br />
T. beschiana Diederich known from Ctadonia<br />
chlorophaea in Lu
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
Solorina crocea. On Peltigera didactyla,<br />
NWJ, Sallingsund Kommune, Pinen, at the<br />
start of the bridge, April 1989, VA.<br />
Dactylospora homoclinella (Nyl.) Hafellner. A<br />
rarely reported discomycete parasymbiotic<br />
on Lecanora spp.; known from Sweden,<br />
Finland and ltaly. On Lecanora salina<br />
and possibly Rinodina gennari, F, H6rby,<br />
Agernres, at the dam to Helnns, 22 Oct.<br />
1988, VA.<br />
Dactylospora parasitica (Fl6rke) Zopt.A discomycete<br />
known from Pertusat?a spp. and<br />
Ochrolechi"a spp. in Europe and North<br />
Africa. On Pertusaria leucostoma on<br />
Fagus, NEJ, Bjergeskov 1.5 km NNW of<br />
Rebild, 15 Oct. L988, S. N. Christensen,<br />
det. SNC & VA.<br />
Endococcus propinquus (Kirber) D. Hawksw.<br />
A widely distributed and common pyrenomycete<br />
parasitic on Porpidia spp. and<br />
related genera. - On Porpidia musiva, B,<br />
Ro, Helligdommen, Gronlund, probably<br />
1858, det. VA. On P. soredbodes, NEZ,<br />
Jregerspris, Skoven Kirke, May L898, VA.<br />
Endococcus rugulosrzs Nyl. A frequently found<br />
and widely distributed parasitic pyrenomycete<br />
on epilithic crustose hosts. On<br />
Aspicilia caesiocinerea, F, Fiborg Kommune,<br />
Brahetrolleborg, stone fence, 2L<br />
Oct. 1988, VA.<br />
Fayodia leucophyUa (Glll.) Iange & Sivertsen.<br />
A hat-forming basidiemycete parasitic on<br />
Peltigera spp. known from northern<br />
Europe and North America. - On Peltigera<br />
praetextata, NEZ, Asserbo Plantage, 5.<br />
Nov. L973, H. Knudsen (C).<br />
Graphium aphthosae Alstrup & D. Hawksw.<br />
A recently described synnemataceous<br />
hyphomycete frequently occurring<br />
saprophytically on Peltigera aphthosa,<br />
rarely on other Peltigerd spp., known from<br />
Greenland and Scandinavia. - On Peltigera<br />
didactyla, NEZ, AllerOd, road bank,<br />
April 1989, VA.<br />
Potycoccum galligenum Yezda. A pyrenomycete,<br />
forming galls on Physcla spp. and on<br />
Xanthoria elegans, known from Europe. -<br />
On Physcia caesia, NEZ, SkibbY Kommune,<br />
Sonderby, May L989, VA.<br />
Notes on some lichenicolous fungi from Denmark 63<br />
Psammina stipitata D. Hawksw. A parasitic<br />
hyphomycete previously reported from<br />
Lepraria sp. and Schismatomma decolorans<br />
in England. - On Schismatomma<br />
decolorans on oak, LFM, Vindeholme<br />
Skov south of Naksakov, 24 July L977,<br />
SBchting, det. VA. On an unidentified<br />
lichen on oak, WJ, NOrholm near Varde,<br />
11 May 1990, VA.<br />
Scutula miliaris (Wallr.) Trevis. A common<br />
and widespread parasitic discomycete on<br />
Peltigera and Soloina spp. - On Peltigera<br />
praetextata, LFM, MOns Klinteskov, 1979,<br />
Sochting, det VA.<br />
Stigmidium fuscatae (Arnold) R. Sant. A<br />
parasitic pyrenomycete known from<br />
Acarospora fuscata in EuroPe. - On<br />
Acarospora fuscata, NWZ, on a stone<br />
fence at Granly, Gelting L943, det. VA.<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
I wish to thank Ulrik Sochting, Steen N.<br />
Christensen and Henning Knudsen for supplying<br />
material, M. Skytte Christiansen for<br />
discussion of some of the species, Tyge Christensen<br />
for translation of the diagnoses into<br />
[,atin, and the herbaria C and HBG for loan<br />
of material.<br />
References<br />
Alstrup, V., Christensen, S. N., Hansen, E. S.<br />
& Svane, S. 1993: The lichens of the<br />
Faroes. Frodskaparrit. In Press.<br />
Alstrup, V. & Hawksworth, D. L. L90: The<br />
lichenicolous fungi of Greenland. Meddr.<br />
Gr^nland, Bioscience 3 1.<br />
Alstrup, V. & Sgchting, U. 1989: Checkliste og<br />
status over Danmarl
64 Vagn Alstrup<br />
The lichen flora of the bland of Anholt,<br />
Denmark, Acta R g. Soc. Sci. Litt. Gothob.,<br />
Botanica 3.<br />
Clauzad€, G., Diederich, P. & Rou, C. 1989:<br />
Nelikenigintaj fungoj likenlogaj. Bull, Soc.<br />
linn. Prov, nllm. spec. 1,<br />
Diederich, P. 1992: New or interesting lichenicolous<br />
fungi. 2. Taeniolella beschiana sp.<br />
nov. and T. serusiarxii sp. nov.<br />
(Hyphomycetes). BuU. Soc. Nat. Luxemb.<br />
93: 155-162.<br />
Hawksworth, D. L. I979a: Studies in the<br />
genus Endococcus (Ascomycotina,<br />
Dothideales). Bot Notiser I 32: 283-290.<br />
Hawksworth, D. L. L979b The lichenicolous<br />
hyphomycetes. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist.<br />
(Bot.) 6; 183-300.<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (19e3)<br />
Hawksworth, D. L. 1981: The lichenicolous<br />
coelomycetes. Bull. Br. Mus, nat. Hist.<br />
(Bot.) 9: l-98.<br />
Hawksworth, D. L. 1983: A key to the lichenforming,<br />
parasitic, parasymbiotic and saprophytic<br />
fungi occurring on lichens in the<br />
British Isles. Lichenologist 15: 1-44.<br />
Santesson, R. L9M: Fungi lichenicoli exsiccati<br />
L-2. Publ. Herb. Univ. Uppsala, Sweden<br />
13.<br />
Santesson, R. 1986: Fungi lichenicoli exsiccati<br />
3-4. Thunbergia 3.<br />
Triebel, D. 1989: kcideicole ascomyceten.<br />
Bibliotheca Lichenologica 3 5.
Notes on the variation of Caloplaca obscurella<br />
LARS ARVIDSSON and PER-OLOF MARTINSSON<br />
Arvidsson, L. & Martinsson, P.-O. 1992: Notes on the variation of Caloplaca<br />
obscurella. Graphis Scripta 5:65-68. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593.<br />
The variation of Caloplaca obscurella (K6rber) Th. Fr. is discussed and its<br />
distribution in Sweden is mapped. Caloplaca sarcopisoides (Korber) hhlbr. is<br />
reduced to synonym with C. obscurella.<br />
Lars Arvidsson, Naturhistoriska museet, Box 7283, 5-402 35 Gdtebory, Sweden.<br />
Per-Olof Martinsson, Hamneskiirsgatan 10 A, 5-414 61 Goteborg, Sweden.<br />
During recent years we have often come<br />
across C. obscurella in southwestern Sweden.<br />
A great morphological variation was observed,<br />
and a small investigation with the intent to<br />
depict this was undertaken.<br />
Materials and methods<br />
Specimens of C. obscurella and C. sarcopisoides<br />
were examined from the following herbaria:<br />
BG, C, GB, H, L, LD, M, O, S, TUR,<br />
UPS and the private herbaria of I-ars Arvidsson<br />
(LA), Gunnar Degelius (GD) and Per-<br />
Olof Martinsson (POM). An attempt was<br />
made to correlate the morphological variation<br />
with the enviromental conditions. Attention<br />
was also paid to the variation within single<br />
populations.<br />
Nomenclaturrc<br />
Caloplaca obscurella (K6rber) Th. Fries<br />
(1871: L82) (not (I-ahm) Th. Fr.) - Blastenia<br />
obscurella Korber (1860: 130) (as "8.<br />
obscurella [^ahm in litt ad Koerb.") - Typet<br />
Germany, Westfalen, Miinster. Am Grunde<br />
der Stiimme alter Pappeln und Obstbtiume<br />
1858, J. G. F. X. I-ahm (L 910.145 -62L!,<br />
lectotype, here designated).<br />
Caloplaca sarcopisoides (K6rber) T,ahlbruckner<br />
(1901: 346) Callopisma sarcopisoides<br />
Korber (L867 z 7M) (as uC. sarcopisioi"das")<br />
Typet Yugoslavia, Dalmatia,<br />
Comolaz, in valle Ombla, ad Cupressorum<br />
truncos, 1867, E. Weiss (L 9L0.L47 -L50!,<br />
lectotype, here designated).<br />
Lecanora refellens Nylander (1877: 458) -<br />
Typet Ireland, prope Kylemore, super corticem<br />
populi, without date, C. D. I-arbalastier (H-<br />
NIYL 293891, lectotype, here designated).<br />
Caloplaca obscurella was described by K6rber<br />
in 1860 as "Illastenia obscurella L^ahm in litt<br />
ad Kbr". In a letter to Korber [-ahm gave the<br />
name "Callopisma Koerberi n. sp." to this<br />
taxon. What appears to be part of the original<br />
letter by I-ahm is glued to the package of the<br />
type material. However, K6rber evidently<br />
changed the name in his publication. In addition,<br />
he also gave a detailed description in his<br />
own words. Therefore the author citation must<br />
be Korber and not l,ahm.<br />
We have chosen the specimen with both<br />
Lahms' and K6rbers' annotations on as a lectotype.<br />
There exists also additional material of<br />
this taxon collected by Lahm (L! annotated<br />
"Blasteni"a obscurella mihi") from Populus at<br />
Miinster. One specimen (H!) has the annota-
66 Lars Arvidsson and Per-Olof Martinsson<br />
Figure l. The distribution of Caloplaca<br />
obscurella in Sweden.<br />
tion "1164" which might refer to January L864.<br />
Four specimens (H-NYL 29396-97!, S! and<br />
M!) are undated. These specimens are probably<br />
part of the original material and can be<br />
regarded as isotypes.<br />
In Fries (1871 p. I8Z) Lecanora rylitella<br />
(Nylander 1867) is given as a synonym of C.<br />
obscurella. However, the original material (H-<br />
NYL 2L493!) has simple, oblong spores.<br />
Description<br />
Thallus finely areolate or pustulate or uneven<br />
to smooth, sometimes + disappearing. Areolae<br />
usually distinct, round or irregular, plane to<br />
convex, epruiose, discrete at first, becoming *<br />
confluent with og€, 0.2-0.5(-1.0) mm diam.<br />
Areolae rarely minutely lobulate or crenulate,<br />
almost squamulose. Thallus usually greyish<br />
white to grey, occasionally yellowish grey,<br />
greyish green, bluish grey to almost black.<br />
Fresh material of specimens with thick areolae<br />
is greenish when moist.<br />
Soralia usually frequent and prominent,<br />
sometimes scarce, round or irregular, deeply<br />
concave, delimited by a ring of minute cortex<br />
lobes, white or green (fresh material), some-<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
times yellowish or bluish green, 0.1-0.5 mm<br />
diam; starting as a shallow pustule which splits<br />
open to a crater. Soredia leprose or fine<br />
granular, formed at the bottom and on the<br />
internal walls of craters. In old soralia the dispersed<br />
soredia leave characteristic, empty cups.<br />
Apothecia biatorine to lecanorine, often<br />
present (found in 90 Vo of the examined<br />
specimens) and sometimes numerous, scattered,<br />
0.2-0.5(-0.9) mm diam., usually sessile,<br />
sometimes innate when young. Disc plane or<br />
concave when young, usually becoming slightly<br />
convex whith z9e', brown, sometimes pale<br />
brown or yellowish, dark reddish brown or<br />
black. Proper margin I distinct, often becoming<br />
excluded in convex apothecia, usually concolorous<br />
with the disc or slightly paler. proper<br />
margin often surrounded by or occluded by a<br />
greyish white and thick thallus margin.<br />
Spores polarilocular, colourless, (10-)11-<br />
15(-16) x (5-)6-7(-3) pm. Septum usually<br />
thick,<br />
spores.<br />
frcnidida absent.<br />
Thallus and soralia K-, C-, KC-, pdand<br />
UV-.<br />
Variation<br />
The habit of Caloplaca obscurella is quite<br />
variable and can be correlated with ecological<br />
conditions. Specimens growing i open, exposed<br />
habitats usually have a very thin thallus, which<br />
often is reduced to scattered soralia. Under<br />
more humid conditions, e.g. at the base of<br />
alders along streams and lakes, the thallus is<br />
prominent and sometimes slightly lobulate at<br />
the margins (e.9. Viistergotland, G6teborg,<br />
Liirjeholm, 4.1.L990, Arvidsson (LA)). The<br />
thallus of these specimens become fresh green<br />
when moist (e.g. Dalsland, Ftirgelatr&,<br />
17.VII.1988, Martinsson (POM); G6tehrg,<br />
Angered 31.X.1986, 23.IV.Lgg7, Arvidsson<br />
(LA)).<br />
Typical crater-like soralia are always present<br />
but more or less well developed according<br />
to a pattern similar to the rest of the thallus.<br />
Thus, specimens from humid situations with a<br />
prominent thallus also have numerous, well
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 5 (1ee3)<br />
developed soralia and vice versa. The K+ violet<br />
soralia found rarely in Nonpegian material<br />
(TOnsberg 1992) was not observed in our<br />
specimens.<br />
The size of the discocarps varies and can<br />
be correlated with humidity and degree of<br />
exposition. Under moist conditions the size<br />
seems to increase and vice versa. Usually the<br />
discocarps are biatorine with a persistent, thin<br />
proper margin, and plane at maturity. In the<br />
examined material we have found only a few<br />
specimens with convex, mature apothecia. A<br />
variation from slightly concave, young discocarps<br />
to convex, mature discocarps can be seen<br />
in a single thallus. Ircanorine discocarps are<br />
sometimes found, preferably in specimens with<br />
a prominent thallus (e.g. Dalsland, Fiirgelanda,<br />
17.VII.19S, Martinsson (POM); Smiland,<br />
Svennaby, Feskaby, L877, P. G. E. Theorin<br />
(UPS)). A variation from pale brown to black<br />
apothecia can be seen in a single thallus or<br />
even in a single apothecium (e.g. Vtisterg6tland,<br />
Vilske-Kleva, 17.VII.1920, Malme (S)).<br />
The differences between specimens with a<br />
thin, almost disappearing thallus with plane,<br />
biatorine discocarps and specimens with<br />
prominent, -'- placodiomorph thallus and<br />
lecanorine discocarps at first gave the impression<br />
of nro different species. However, a close<br />
examination of the present material revealed<br />
several intermediate forms (e.g. Dalsland, Or,<br />
Striinge, 22.VI1.938, Magnusson, 16473<br />
(UPS); Germany, Heidelberg, 5.VI.1874, v.<br />
Zwackh-Holzhausen 474 (S)). The differences<br />
in habit must therefore be regarded as intraspecific<br />
variation. A similar correlation<br />
between thallus structure and presence of<br />
thalline margine was observed also in Nonvegian<br />
material (TOnsberg pers. comm.).<br />
Taxonomical remarks<br />
When sterile C. obscurella and C. ulcerosa<br />
Coppins & James can be difficult to distinguish.<br />
However, sometimes C. ulcerosa has minute,<br />
orange (K* red) pycnidia, a character not<br />
found in C. obscurella. Fertile specimens are<br />
easily separated since C. ulcerosa has orange<br />
or orange-red apothecia with presence of<br />
Caloplaca obscurella 67<br />
anthraquinones (K*) (Coppins & James L979,<br />
Arup & Ekman 1991).<br />
Sometimes sterile specimens of C. chlorina<br />
(Flot.) Sandst. can be confused with C. obscurella.<br />
However, the thallus of C. chlorina is<br />
prominent and has a typical bluish tinge. The<br />
soralia are convex and more or less confluent,<br />
sometimes isidia-like with coarsely granular<br />
soredia, never crater-formed as in C.<br />
obscurella.<br />
Discussion<br />
Sterile specimens of C. obscurella are probably<br />
quite common but overlooked since the thallus,<br />
particularly when very thin or even reduced<br />
to scattered soralia, can be difficult to<br />
observe even with a lense.<br />
In the past, determination of sterile specimens<br />
has been difficult as different morphological<br />
characteristics are presented in various<br />
lichen-floras. For instance Almborn (L952)<br />
gives C. obscurella as non-sorediate. C.<br />
sarcopisoides is often given as non-sorediate<br />
(e.g. Foucard 1990 p. 99, Poelt 1969 p. L78).<br />
These authors op. cit. also give C. sarcopisoides<br />
as having apothecia with soon disappearing<br />
white-pruinose proper margin. However, a<br />
close examination of the sparse type material<br />
shows minute soralia but no pruinose proper<br />
margins. Therefore we regafi C. sarcopisoides<br />
as conspecific with C. obscurella.<br />
Fertile specimens are easily assigned to<br />
Caloplaca by the polarilocular spores, and the<br />
absence of anthraquinones leave a limited<br />
number of possible species. The material<br />
examined in this paper is to 90 Vo fertile, a<br />
figure that probably is misleading as to the rate<br />
of fertility of this species, and more reflects the<br />
difficulty to determine sterile specimens.<br />
Tonsberg (1992), who is particularly<br />
specialized in sterile lichens, reports apothecia<br />
in merely 41, % of Nonregian specimens.<br />
Habitat<br />
Caloplaca obscurella is mainly a corticolous<br />
species growing on deciduous trees (e.g. Acen<br />
Ulmus, Fraxinus, Alnus, Salix etc.). Occasionally<br />
it is found on lignum (e.g. Uppland'
68 Lars Arttidsson and Per-Olof Martinsson<br />
Uppsala, Eklundshov, IV.1866, Th. M. Fries<br />
(uPS)).<br />
It is usually collected on trunks of solitary<br />
trees in open situations, at churchyards, in<br />
gardens and parks, along alleys etc. It is preferably<br />
growing at the base of trees. Another<br />
common substrate is at the base of Alnus glutinosa<br />
in more or less exposed situations along<br />
streams and lakes.<br />
Associated species are: Bacidia rubella,<br />
Buellia punctata, Caloplaca cerina, C. chlorina,<br />
C. chrysophthalma, Candellariella xanthostigma,<br />
Cladonia coniocraea, Lecanora<br />
hagenir, L. subfusca coll, Lecidella elaeochroma,<br />
Leptogiam teretiusculum (Viistergotland),<br />
Pachyphiale fagtcola (Viirmland),<br />
Parmelia glabratula, P. sulcata, Phaeophyscia<br />
ciliata, P. orbicularis, P. nigicans, Physcia<br />
tenella, P. adscendens, Physconia perisidiosa,<br />
P. distona, P. enteroxantha, Ramalina<br />
pollinaria (Gotland), R. fainacea, Xanthoria<br />
parietina and X. potycafpa.<br />
Distribution<br />
C. obscurella has a scattered distribution in<br />
southern Sweden (Figure 1) up to Limes<br />
Norrlandicus. The absence of records from<br />
south and southeast Sweden might reflect the<br />
lack of field investigations. The Nonregian<br />
distribution was recently mapped by TOnsberg<br />
(L99z). In addition we have also seen material<br />
from central Europe.<br />
A complete list of specimens examined can<br />
be obtained from the authors.<br />
Exsiccates<br />
Arnold Lich. Mon. Exs. 377 (H) as "Blastenia<br />
obscurella ". Kiirber Lich. Sel. Germ. 185 (M)<br />
as "Blastenia obscurella". Material of this<br />
exsiccate in O has yellowish, K+ red apothecia<br />
with a greyish proper margin and minute<br />
soralia. This is probably C. chlorina. Larbala-<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
stier Lich. Herb. 24 (H) as "Lecanora refellens".<br />
Vezda Lich. Sel. Exs. 595 (H, S, UPS) as<br />
"Caloplaca sacopisoides", y. Zwackh-Holzhausen<br />
Lich. Exs. 474 (S) as "Blastenia obscurella".<br />
The material distributed in C. N. Tavares,<br />
Lich. Lus. Sel. Exs.2M (H) as "Caloplaca sarcopisoides"<br />
is not this species.<br />
Refercnces<br />
Almboro, O. 1952: A key to the sterile corticolous<br />
crustaceous lichens occuring in<br />
South Sweden. Bot. Notiser 1952: 239-<br />
263.<br />
fuup, u. & Ekman, S. l99l: Caloplaca<br />
ulcerosa new to Sweden. Graphis Scripta<br />
3: 46-48.<br />
CoppinS, B. J. & James, P. W. 1979: New or<br />
interesting British Lichens [V. Lichenologist<br />
11: 139-179.<br />
Foucard, T. l9X): Svensk skorplavsflora.<br />
Stockholm.<br />
Fries, Th. M. I87l: Lichenographin Scandinavica,<br />
Pars /. Uppsala.<br />
K6rber, G. W. 1860: Parerga Lichenologica,<br />
Pars ^[/. Breslau.<br />
Korber, G. W. lK7: Lichenes novi, a Dr<br />
Weiss in Dalmatia lecti. Verhandl. Zool.-<br />
Bot. Ges. Wien XVII:703-708.<br />
Nylander, W. 1867: Addenda nova ad lichenographiam<br />
europaeam. Flora D(V: 326-<br />
380.<br />
Nylander, W. 1877: Addenda nova ad lichenographiam<br />
europaeam. Flora LX: 457-463.<br />
Poelt, J . 1969: Bestimmungsschliissel Europiiischer<br />
Flechten. khre.<br />
Tgnsberg, T. 1992: The sorediate and isidiate,<br />
corticolous crustose lichens in Nonray.<br />
Sommerfeltia I 4: 1. -331..<br />
Zahlbruckner, A. 1901: Vorarbeiten zu einer<br />
Flechtenflora Dalmatiens. Osten. Bot.<br />
Zeitschr. LI: 324-350.
Contributions to the knowledge of the lichen llora of the Himalayas<br />
IX. Sagema, a new lichen genus (Lecanorales, Lecanoraceae)<br />
MARTIN GRUBE and JOSEF POELT<br />
Grube, M. & Poelt, J. 1993: Contributions to the knowledge of the lichen<br />
flora of the Himalayas IX. Sagema, a new lichen genus (kcanorales, Ircanoraceae).<br />
Graphis Scipta 5: 69-72. Stockholm. ISSN W0L-7593.<br />
Sagema potentillae gen. et spec. nov. from the Central Himalayas is described<br />
and illustrated. Superficially, it resembles some species of the Lecanora subfusca<br />
group but is different in the structures of the asci, the anatomy of cortex<br />
of the ascocarps, and in the thichvalled spores. At least for the time being<br />
Sagema is positioned in the I-ecanoraceae.<br />
Martin Grube and losef Poelt, Institut fur Botanilq Holteigasse 6, A-8010<br />
Graz, Austia.<br />
In the concept of hhlbruckner (e.9. 1926 p.<br />
22L) the genus Lecanora was extremely large<br />
and heterogeneous. In the last decades the<br />
number of. Lecanora species was of course<br />
reduced by the exclusion of remote groups, e.g.<br />
Aspicilia, Eiglera, Orceolina, Placopsis, Trapelia<br />
etc. On the other hand several taxa - some<br />
of them formerly placed in Lecidea were<br />
combined into Lecanora dve to principal concordance<br />
concerning ascus characteristics.<br />
Nevertheless the genus is rather inhomogeneous<br />
even today. It would be desirable to<br />
split the whole complex into smaller and<br />
clearly delimited genera. But as long as the<br />
diagnostic value of the characters is unclear,<br />
any splitting is a gambling with the chance of<br />
long instability.<br />
The genus described below at the<br />
moment represented by a single species is<br />
based on a lichen which would obviously be<br />
placed in the genus Lecanora in hhlbruckner's<br />
scheme. However, it is well distinguished<br />
by a number of characters and the description<br />
of a new genus is legitimate and not too rashy.<br />
Sagema potentillae* Poelt & Grube,<br />
gen, et sp. nov.<br />
Thallus crustaceus, subindistinctus. Apothecia<br />
sessilia basi distincte angustata, lecanoroidea,<br />
discis rubrofuscis, interdum verruculosis, et<br />
marginibus distinctis subalbidis, vix elevatis,<br />
demum reclusis. Amphithecium corticatuffi,<br />
cortice hyphis anticlinalibus valde conglutinatis<br />
constructo. Hypothecium paratheciumque<br />
incoloratum. Hymenium incoloratum paraphysibus<br />
anastomosantibus conglutinatis, vix<br />
capitatis. Asci unitunicati-rostrati, tholo basin<br />
versus valde producto. Sporae octonae ellipsoideae,<br />
maiores, pariete percrasso, stratis<br />
compluribus constructo. Continet acidum isousnicum.<br />
Type: Nepal, Central Himalaya, Langtang<br />
Area, Dupka, 4000 m, on Potentilla arbuscula,<br />
* The name of the genus is an acronym of<br />
Sabine and Georg Mrehe, the collectors of the<br />
new lichen. The epitheton refers to the host<br />
plant.
70 Manin Grube and Josef Poelt<br />
Figure 1. Sagema potentillae. a) ascus (bar = 20 pm) with a detail of the tholus stained in iodine.<br />
b) spores (bar = 20 pm); one spore with a detail of the wall; another spore with reticulate plasma.<br />
c) secfion through an ascocarp @ar = 200 pm).<br />
30 July 1986, G. & S. Miehe 7307a (GZIJ,<br />
holotype; M, UPS, isotypes). (Soc. c. Cetraia<br />
sp. Nephroma sp.)<br />
In the holotype material the lichen grows on<br />
rather thin, dead twigs of. Potentilla arbuscula<br />
S. Don (group of P. fruticosa L.).The thallus<br />
is thin, crustose, well developed only at the<br />
circumference of the apothecia, whitish to<br />
sordid greyish-white, ecorticate, and it contains<br />
coccal greenalgae. The algal cells are<br />
roundish and rarely exceeding 1,I pm in diameter.<br />
Apothecia often arranged to groups, about<br />
0.3-0.6 pm in diameter, sessile, with constricted<br />
base. Disc dark red-brown, epruinose,<br />
even, but occasionally with minute humps<br />
caused by protruding ascus tips; when moistened<br />
the asci are recognized as clear points<br />
under the stereo microscope. Thalline margin<br />
distinct, not or only when young slightly protruding,<br />
then dwinilling, whitish to ochraceous<br />
white, not or slightly crenate. The amphithe-<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (1993)<br />
l0H<br />
cium consists of an dense algal layer extending<br />
up into the rim of the margin, where a ringformed<br />
pseudocyphella is formed betrveen the<br />
cortex and the parathecium. Below the algal<br />
layer, in the centre of the apothecia, a hydrophobous<br />
medulla extends down to the substrate.<br />
The amphithecium is bordered by a<br />
cortex 60- 100 pm built up by anticlinal,<br />
strongly gelatinized hyphae with filiform<br />
lumina. The cortex is studded by polarizing<br />
grains (soluble in K, insoluble in N).<br />
Hypothecium up to I0 pm thick, of slightly<br />
horizontal hyphae, c. L pm wide, embedded in<br />
a diffuse matrix. Subhymenium c. L5 pm in<br />
height. Hymenium c. L20-140 pm high; the<br />
pale brown epihymenium occupying c. 20 pm<br />
of the hymenium height. Paraphyses with +<br />
distinct anastomoses, the lumina c. 0.5-0.7 pm<br />
thick, the outer wall layer gelatinized; polarrzing<br />
grains (soluble in K, insoluble in N) are<br />
present between the tips of the paraphyses,<br />
too. Asci functionally unitunicate, with rostrate<br />
mechanism, clavate to saccate, c. 80- 100 x
GRAPHTS SCRIPTA 4 (r99?)<br />
30-35 Fn, c. 4 pm thick at the base. The<br />
amyloid tholus is not sharply delimited from<br />
the lateral ascus wall, but extending and fading<br />
out downwards; 'chambre oculaire' often<br />
indistinct. Ascospores regularly 8 per ascus,<br />
broadly ellipsoid (when free) to narrowly<br />
ellipsoid (when enclosed-in the ascus), c. 30-<br />
40 x l5-2I pm; the spore plasma often<br />
appearing somewhat reticulate in structure.<br />
Spore wall 2-4 pm thick, comprising several<br />
layers. Most of these layers can only be discerned<br />
occasionally and only at certain stages<br />
of the spore ontogeny. An outer wall layer, c.2<br />
pm thick, can be distinguished quite clearly,<br />
delimited by a thin lamella on the outside, and<br />
a more refractive layer on the inside.<br />
Iodine reactions (lVo Lugol's without pretreatments):<br />
Ascus plasma red brown. Exoascus<br />
reddish-brown, with an inner, unstained<br />
layer. Endoascus resp. tholus deep blue. In the<br />
case that the 'chambre oculaire' is distinct, a<br />
thin, unstained borderline can be recognized,<br />
which is sometimes enlarged to form a broad<br />
domelike 'masse ariale'. Therefore the asci<br />
refer to a derived Lecanora-type. Spermogonia<br />
not found.<br />
Chemistry: thallus resp. thalline margins<br />
K-, C-, KC- or pale yellowish, PD-. Epihymenium<br />
in N slightly brighter brown, without<br />
reddish tones. TLC reveals isousnic acid plus a<br />
not identified triterpenoid.<br />
In habit, the new species is somewhat similar<br />
to some Lecanora species of the subfusca<br />
group. However, the anatomical characters<br />
indicate that Sagema potentillae is not closely<br />
related. Firstly, the asci with their laterally<br />
extended tholus are untypical for Lecanora. In<br />
addition, the characteristic multilayered spore<br />
walls are apparently quite unique. Thickwalled<br />
spores are also present in several other<br />
taxa comprising crustose lichens, e.g. Megalosporaceae,<br />
Mycoblastaceae, Pertusariaceae<br />
or the recently described genus Japewia, based<br />
on the arctic alpine distributed Lecidea<br />
tornohnsis Nyl. (TOnsberg 1990), but Sagema<br />
is unrelated to all these tru
72 Manin Grube and losef Poelt<br />
References<br />
Hue, A. 1915: Lichenes novos vel melius cognitos<br />
II.Ann. Mycol. 13:73-1.03.<br />
Miehe, G. 1990: I-angtang Himal. Flora und<br />
Vegetation als Klimazeiger und -zeugen<br />
im Himalaya. Dus. Bot. 158.<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA s (1ee3)<br />
Tonsberg, T. 190: Japewia subaurifera, a new<br />
lichen genus and species from North-<br />
West-Europe and western North-America.<br />
Lichenologist 22: 205-212.<br />
Zahlbruckner, A. 1926: Dic natilrlichen<br />
Ptlaruenfamilien 8. Lichenes (Flechten).<br />
Lnipzig.
Cetraria inermis new to Europe<br />
TOR T@NSBERG and ARVE ELVEBAKK<br />
Tgnsberg, T. & Elvebakk, A. 1,993: Cetraria inermis new to Europe. Graphis<br />
Scripta 5: 73-74. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593,<br />
Cetrarin inermis is reported as new to Europe from Svalbard.<br />
Tor Tqnsberg, Botanical Institute, University of Bergen, All6gt. 41, N-5007<br />
Bergen, Notway.<br />
Arve Elvebalch University of Troms4, Institute of Biologt and Geologl,<br />
N-9037 Troms4, Nonvay.<br />
As a participant on the Nonvegian Svalbard<br />
Expeditions 1936, "our Benjamin, the young<br />
student Mr. Eilif Dahl" (quotation from Lynge<br />
1938 p. 6) collected an interesting Cetraria<br />
specimen which until recently has escaped<br />
appropriate scientific attention. The specimen<br />
represents C. inermis (Nyl.) Krog, a species<br />
which previously was regarded as having an<br />
amphi-Beringian distribution with a very<br />
limited range (Kirnefelt L979). Dahl collected<br />
Cetraria inermis on the SjuOyane archipelago,<br />
northernmost Svalbard, at almost 81o northern<br />
latitude.<br />
The present material has been compared<br />
with material from Alaska (O) collected by H.<br />
Krog and Pegau. The Svalbard material is up<br />
to L.5 cm high and typical in all important<br />
characters including marginal pseudocyphellae,<br />
subglobose to globose spores, and the presence<br />
of lichesterinic and protolichesterinic acids.<br />
lateral and substipitate apothecia are richly<br />
present. A detailed description of the species is<br />
given by Kiirnefelt (1979).<br />
Associated species found with Cetraria<br />
inermis in the herbarium packet included<br />
Sphaerophorus globosus and the bryophytes<br />
Pohlia cruda and Potytichum alpinum.<br />
The Sju0yane archipelago belongs to the<br />
Arctic Polar Desert bne (Elvebakk 1985).<br />
The bedrock of Phippsoya is gneissic/schistose<br />
(Winsnes 1988) and the habitat is probably<br />
oligotrophic. In Alaska Cetrarin inermis is<br />
most often corticolous (Kiirnefelt L979). At<br />
present no other plant or lichen is known to<br />
have a similar distribution pattern. There are<br />
several species, mainly bryophytes like<br />
Anoectangtam tenuinente, Bryobriaonia<br />
longipes, Cryptocolea imbicata, Didymydon<br />
johansenii, and Mesoptychia sahlberyii<br />
(Frisvoll 1978, 1981) which have related, but<br />
less disjunctive patterns. Horton (L982)<br />
indicated that most of the disjunctions<br />
displayed by these bryophytes reflected<br />
insufficient floristic documentation or absence<br />
of suitable habitats.<br />
Cetraia inermis is one of several rare<br />
species of. Cetraria which recently have been<br />
published as new to Europe; C. andrejevli was<br />
recorded from Finnmark, northernmost<br />
Nonray (Alstrup & SOchting 1986) and C.<br />
nigricascens from Svalbard (Elvebakk &<br />
Tonsberg l99?). Cetrari"a inermis and C.<br />
nigricascens both have their most northerly<br />
known sites on Svalbard.<br />
Specimen examined: Svalbard. Sju6yane, the<br />
southernmost peninsula on the Island of<br />
Phippsoya, 18 Aug. L936, E. Dahl (O).
74 Tor Tsnsberg and An,e Elvebakk<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
Thanks are due to the curator of the lichen<br />
herbarium at the University of <strong>Oslo</strong>, for giving<br />
the senior author access to lichen collections<br />
from Svalbard made by E. Dahl.<br />
References<br />
Alstrup, V. & SOchting, U. 1986: Lichens from<br />
east Finnmark. Graphis Scipta 1: 11-13.<br />
Elvebakk, A. 1985: Higher phytosociological<br />
synta€ on Svalbard and their use in<br />
subdivision of the Arctic. Nord. J. Bot. 5:<br />
273-2U.<br />
Elvebakk, A. & Tonsberg, T. L992: Additions<br />
to the lichen flora of Svalbard. Graphis<br />
Scipta 3: 140-1,47.<br />
Frisvoll, A. A. 1978: Twenty-eight bryophytes<br />
new to Svalbard. Bryologist 81: 122-136.<br />
GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 5 (lee3)<br />
Frisvoll, A. A. 1981: Fifteen bryophytes new to<br />
Svalbard, including notes on some rare or<br />
interesting species. Lindbergia 7: 9L-I02.<br />
Horton, D. G. L982: The status and<br />
significance, relative to refugial theory, of<br />
bryofloristic research in western Canada.<br />
Beiheft Nova Hedwigia 71: 435-449.<br />
Kiirnefelt, I. 1979: The brown fruticose species<br />
of Cetraria. Opera Botanica 46: 1- 150.<br />
Lynge, B. 1938: Lichens from the west and<br />
north coasts of Spitsbergen and the<br />
North-East land collected by numerous<br />
expeditions. I. The macrolichens. Skr.<br />
norske Vid.-Akad. <strong>Oslo</strong>. I. Nat.-natury.<br />
Kt. 1e38 (6).<br />
WinsneS, T. S. 1988: Bedrock map of Svalbard<br />
and Jan Mayen. Norsk Polainst. Temakan<br />
3.
Nordic Lichen Society. Field meeting in Norway L993<br />
Excursions are planned to lichen rich localities<br />
in the coastal spruce forests of Nord-<br />
Trondelag county, central Nonvay, 26 30<br />
July I993. If you are interested in receiving<br />
Ekskursion till Bialowieza-skovetrr Polen<br />
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Varighed ca. en uge. Afrejse fra Kgbenhavn<br />
formentlig25.juni eller 18. juni med natb6den<br />
further information on the excursions please<br />
write to the President, Dr. T. Tonshtg, or the<br />
Secretary, Mr. Hikon Holien, before the end<br />
of January 1993.<br />
til Swinoujscie. For nrermere oplysninger kontakt<br />
Vagn Alstrup, Ronneholmsvej 15, 2610<br />
Rodovre, telefon 36720947 eller 33322919.
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Citerad litteratur. FOlj dessa exempel:<br />
Krog, H. 1991,: Lichenological observations in<br />
low montane rainforests of eastern<br />
Tanzania. In: Galloway, D. J. (ed.),<br />
Tropical Lichens: Their systematics,<br />
conseryation and ecologt. The Systematics<br />
Association Special Volume 43: 85-94.<br />
Santesson, R. L984: The lichens of Sweden and<br />
Norway. Stockholm & Uppsala. Swedish<br />
Museum of Natural History.<br />
Hansen, E. S. l99l: The lichen flora near a<br />
lead-zinc mine at Maarmorilik in West<br />
Greenland. Lichenologist 23 : 381 -391.<br />
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GRAPHIS <strong>ScnIPTA</strong><br />
Volym 5, h5fte 1, 1993<br />
Innehlll<br />
2 Gunnar Degelius 90 tr<br />
L.Amidsson<br />
3 Stigmidium degelii" a na, lichenicolous fungus<br />
R Santesson<br />
5 l.epogium degelii, a nev species from South America<br />
M.Lindsnfin<br />
8 Paheotropical species of Pseudocyphellaria collected by Gunnar Degelius in 1964 and<br />
Lno<br />
D. I. Galloway & S. Iiemp<br />
12 Physma omphalarioides - its taxonomic position and phytogeography<br />
P. M. Igrgensen &A. Hewsen<br />
18 Further obsenrations on the association betrreen the lichen I-ecanora conizaeoides and<br />
its parasites Lichenoconium erodens and L lecanorae (Sphaeropsidales)<br />
M. S. Clvistiansen<br />
22 Collentr leptaleum new to Europe<br />
T. Tpnsbery<br />
A Omntgra oceaniska lavar i SydvAstwerige<br />
[On some oceanic lichens in southwestern Sweden]<br />
S. Hulungren C. I(annesten &,S. ,Svensson<br />
39 Additions to the lichen flora of Angermanlan4 Central Sweden<br />
R Mobery &G. Tlar<br />
45 Notes on the cetrarioid lichens<br />
I. Iftnefelt &A. TheA<br />
49 Ramonia, a lichen genus new to Scandinavia<br />
A. funen<br />
51 Floristic notes on some Swedish kpraria and kproloma species<br />
L.-E. Muhr<br />
53 NAgra hotade lavar i Smeland [Some threatened lichens in Smaland, southern Sweden]<br />
L. Lindblom & I.- E. Matuson<br />
60 Notes on some lichenicolous fungi from Denmark<br />
V.Abaup<br />
65 Notes on the variation of Caloplaca obccurella<br />
L. Amidsson & P.-O. Mattinsson<br />
69 Contributions to the knonledge of the lichen flora of the Himalayas. IX Sagema, a nenr<br />
lichen genus (-ecanorales, I-ecanoraceae)<br />
M. Grube &J. Poelt<br />
73 C-etraria inermis nor to Europe<br />
T. Tgnsbery &A. Elvebakk