THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA

CONTRIBUTIONS TO 

THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA 

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK 

AND COLLABORATORS 

FIELDIANA: BOTANY 

VOLUME 28, NUMBER 4 

Published by 

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 

JANUARY 11, 1957

CONTRIBUTIONS TO 

THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA 

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK 

Curator of the Herbarium 

AND COLLABORATORS 

FIELDIANA: BOTANY 

VOLUME 28, NUMBER 4 

Published by 

CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM 

JANUARY 11, 1957 

THEUBMRyOFTHE 

1 A i\i Ort

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA IV 

This part contains an account by 

Spermatophyta, arranged in systematic 

families from Algae through 

order. As explained in the 

introduction to Part I, only those collections are cited (with the 

exception of Algae, Mosses, and Podocarpaceae) which are additions 

to the known flora of Duida, Roraima, and the Andes, together with 

those forming the flora of Ptari-tepui and adjacent Sororopan-tepui, 

and those forming the flora of Cerro Turumiquire and adjacent Oriente 

section 

species 

when 

new 

the latter occur as range extensions. Records of 

to Venezuela, together with critical taxonomic and 

phytogeographical notes, are also included in this section. Special 

notes on the geology, topography, floral zones, and ecological 

aspects are included on the sections dealing with Ptari-tepui and 

with Cerro Turumiquire and adjacent Oriente. Finally, a list of the 

new taxa is inserted at the close of the paper in systematic order, 

together with the bibliographic citation of publication and general 

locality, with a final list of the number of genera, species, varieties, 

and forms included under each family of the report. 

The author is greatly indebted to the many collaborators, without 

whose help the completion of identification of the assemblage of 

Venezuelan plants collected would have been impossible. To the 

following contributors the author wishes to express his most sincere 

thanks: 

Francis A. Drouet Algae, with exception of Cladophoraceae 

Harold Phinney Cladophoraceae 

Carroll W. Dodge 

Lichens 

E. B. Bartram Mosses 

C. V. Morton Ferns and fern allies with exception of 

Selaginellaceae and Ophioglossaceae, and Gesneriaceae 

Robert T. Clausen ....Ophioglossaceae 

A. H. C. Alston Selaginellaceae 

J. T. Buchholz and Nettie A. Cray Podocarpaceae 

Jason R. Swallen Cramineae, with exception of Bambuseae 

F. A. McClure Bambuseae, except Mynocladus 

Earl L. Core Selena tepuiensis 

Charles L. Cilly 

......Tribe Cryptangieae of Cyperaceae 

The records concerning the distribution of the various taxa in this final 

number of "Contributions to the Flora of Venezuela" were submitted to 

publisher in March, 1953, and have been in press until the present date 

679

680 FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 

Liberty Hyde Bailey and H. E. Moore Roystonea venezuelana 

Harold N. Moldenke Eriocaulaceae, Menispermaceae, Verbenaceae 

Bassett Maguire 

Rapatea Steyermarkii, Rosaceae 

Lyman B. Smith Bromeliaceae 

Robert C. Foster Iridaceae 

Charles Schweinfurth Orchidaceae 

T. C. Yuncker Piperaceae 

Jose' Cuatrecasas. ...... .Moraceae, Cunoniaceae, Quararibea, Senecio, 

and Diplostephium 

E. P. Killip 

Urticaceae, Passifloraceae, and Bomarea 

Robert E. Fries Annonaceae 

Albert C. Smith Myristicaceae, Hippocrateaceae, Ericaceae, 

and Vacciniaceae 

Robert W. Schery Leguminosae 

H. E. Moore, Jr Ceraniaceae 

F. A. Stafleu Vochysiaceae 

Fred A. Barkley 

Anacardiaceae 

Clarence E. Kobuski ....Theaceae, in part 

Lyman B. Smith and Bernice G. Schubert...* 

H. A. Cleason 

Begoniaceae 

Me las torn ace ae 

Mildred Mathias and Lincoln Constance Umbelliferae 

Joseph Monachino.. Joseph Ewan 

Sapotaceae 

...........Centianaceae in part, and Vismia 

Robert E. Woodson, Jr Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae in Richard W. Holm Asclepiadaceae 

part 

in part 

Ivan M. Johnston Borraginaceae 

Carl Epling 

Labiatae 

Francis W. Pennell 

N. Y. Sandwith 

Emery C. Leonard 

Scrophulariaceae 

Bignoniaceae 

Acanthaceae 

Paul C. Standley 

Fred W. Meyer 

Rubiaceae in part 

Valerianaceae 

Rogers McVaugh Lobeliaceae, Campanulaceae 

The present author is responsible for all other determinations outside 

the above families or genera, unless otherwise specified in 

the report.

BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN VENEZUELA - IV 681 

Hydrocoleum lyngbyaceum Com. 

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rock beach at Macuto at residence 

of William Phelps, Jr., 59325. 

Lyngbya aestuorii Gom. 

SUCRE: along Rio Guagua, tributary to Rio Manzanares, above 

valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62798. 

Microcoleus acutissitnus Gardn. 

BOLIVAR: upland savanna with Curatella, 5 kms. west of Upata, 

alt. 500 m., 57522. 

Microcoleus paludosus Gom. 


valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62 802 a. 

Microcoleus sp. 

CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55592. SUCRE: hot 

springs near La Toma, between San Juan and Cumana, southeast of 

Cumana, alt. 60 m., 6286 5J 

Oscillatoria chalybea Gom. 

SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and 

Cumana', southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62862. 

Phormidium autumn ale Gom. 

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, above Caracas, at 

Los Venados, alt. 1555 m., 55113. 

Phormidium incrustatum Gom. (?) 


valley of Cumanacoa, above Cuchivano, alt. 230-300 m., 62803. 

Phormidium tenue Gom. 

CARABOBO: Las Trincheras, alt. 455 m., 55585, 55587, 55588a, 

55590, 55591. 

Phormidium Treleasei Gom. 

SUCRE: hot springs near La Toma, between San Juan and 

Cumana, southeast of Cumana, alt. 60 m., 62862. 

O

690 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 

SPHAEROCOCCACEAE 

Hypnea musciformis (Wulf. ) J. Ag. 

f 

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61742. 

Gigartina sp. 

GIGARTINACEAE 

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence 


CERAMIACEAE 

Ceramium sp. 

ANZOATEGUI: seashore near Puerto de la Cruz, 61 746. SUCRE: 

shallow sea water of Gulf of Cariaco, east of Cumana, between 

Penon and Quetepe, 62870. DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky 

beach at Macuto at residence of William Phelps, Jr., 59321. 

Laurencia sp. 

RHODOMELACEAE 

DISTRITO FEDERAL: along rocky beach at Macuto at residence 


Jenmania Goebelii Wacht. (?) 

LICHENS 39 

PYRENOPSIDACEAE 

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: terrestrial, blackish, 

vicinity of Sanariapo, near Rio Sanariapo, tributary of Orinoco River, 

alt. 100 m., 58459. 

THELOTREMACEAE 

Leptotrema monosporiuni (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. 

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: terrestrial, gray-whitish, 

in dry places in Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1800 

m., 58373. 

39 By Carroll W. Dodge


DIPLOSCHISTACEAE 

Diploschistes cinereocaesius (Sw.) Vainio. 

MIRANDA: on ground on top of Pico de Naiguata, above Los 

Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62956. 

Collema implicatum Nyl. 

COLLEMACEAE 

MIRANDA: among Chusquea Spenceri branches on top of Pico de 

Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62949. 

Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont. 

MONAGAS: on herbs and suffruticose Lantana sp. and Croton 

sp., olive green with mustard yellow border, rocky exposed knife 

edge on south-facing slope, Cerro Gua'charo, above Guacharo Cave, 

near Gua'charo, alt. 1500-1620 m., 62340. 

Leptogium coralloideum' (Mey. & Fw.) Vainio. 

SUCRE: on stems of composite, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing 

steep sandstone slopes, from beginning of sandstone to summit of 

cerro, alt. 2360-2500 m., 62588. 

Leptogium Tuckermani Dodge (?) Juvenile. 

MONAGAS: on tree, base of limestone bluffs, Cerro de la Cueva 

de Dona Anita, south of and bordering valley of Caripe, alt. 1100- 

1200 m., 61909a. 

Leptogium vesiculosum (Sw.) Malme var. digitatum (Eschw.) Dodge 

MONAGAS: on trunks of shrubs, thallus dull blue green, fruiting 

bodies dull green with dull orange at top in center, Cerro Negro, 

above La Sabana de las Piedras, northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500" 

2180 m., 62055. 

Lobaria corrosa (Nyl.) Mull. Arg. 

STICTACEAE 

BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus pale green above, 

white below, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying 

sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59819. 

Lobaria Fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) Lindau 

BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus pale green above, 

silvery white below, Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying 

sandstone just northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 

59877.

692 FELDIANA: BOTANY. VOLUME 28 

Sticta Weigelii Ach. 

BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus dull gray green 

above, dull brownish scurfy below, apochecia dull orange, Ptari- 

tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just northeast 

of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59878. 

Stictina fuliginosa var. Wildenowii Nyl. 

MIRANDA: on ground on top of Pico de Naiguata, above Los 

Chorros, alt. 2765 m., 62948. 

Pseudocyph ell aria aurata (Ach.) Vainio. 

MONAGAS: rocky exposed knife edge on south-facing slope, 

Cerro Guacharo, above Guacharo Cave, near Guacharo, alt. 1500- 

1620 m., 62340a. 

Peltigera dolichorhiza Nyl. 

PELTIGERACEAE 

BOLIVAR: epiphyte on branch of shrub, thallus blue- gray-green 

above, whitish below with black rhizoids, apothecia dull orange, 

Ptari-tepui, south-facing forested slopes overlying sandstone just 

northeast of "Cave Rock," alt. 1800-1850 m., 59816. 

Cladonia aggregata (Sw.) Ach. 

CLADONIACEAE 

BOLIVAR: common and dominant over dry level ground in openings 

and in shrubby woodland, Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone 

exposures on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateauportion 

of southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 59690. LARA: 

on boulders in wet woods, wet meadow at Las Sabanetas, above Los 

Aposentos, west of Humocaro Bajo, alt. 2530 m., 55297. MIRANDA: 

on ground on summit of Pico de Naiguata, above Los Chorros, alt. 

2765 m., 62994. 

Cladonia carassensis Vainio. 

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida, 

Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 582426. 

Cladonia ceratophylla Meyer. 

BOLIVAR: thallus orange, on open ledges around margin of pond, 

summit of Mount Roraima, at southern end, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58909. 

Cladonia didyma (Fee) Vainio. 

SUCRE: apothecia red-vermilion, on ground, in valley between 

base of Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of 

Cerro Turumiquire) and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rio de 

Amana, alt. 2000 m., 62728.


Cladonia fallax des Abb. 

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: thallus white, on ground in 

dry places in Brocchinia Hills, summit of Cerro Duida, alt. 1675- 

1800 m., 58372. BOLIVAR: thallus silvery-gray, on soil in swampy 

ground, summit of Mount Roraima, on southern half of summit, alt. 

2700-2740 m., 58871; Ptari-tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures, 

on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of 

southeast-facing slopes, alt. 1600 m., 596906. SUCRE: thallus 

gray-white, terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, moist savanna-like portion 

of broad ridge connecting base of eastern peak with base of 

southern peak, alt. 2200 m., 62632. MONAGAS: thallus white, 

terrestrial, on summit, Cerro Negro, above La Sabana de las Piedras, 

northwest of Caripe, alt. 1500-2180 m., 62125. 

Cladonia fallax forma thyrsifera des Abb. 

BOLIVAR: Ptari-tepuf, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures 

on level ground adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of southeastfacing 

slopes, alt. 1600 m., 596900. 

Cladonia Gorgonina (Bory) Vainio var. turgidior (Nyl.) Vainio. 

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern 

peak, alt. 2500 m., 625696. 

Cladonia medusina (Bory) Nyl. 

TERRITORIO FEDERAL AMAZONAS: summit of Cerro Duida, 

Savanna Hills, alt. 1025-1200 m., 58242c. 

Cladonia miniata Meyer. 

BOLIVAR: fruiting body orange, on moist shaded face of bluff, 

Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 

2410 m., 59884. 

Cladonia mitis Sandst. 

BOLIVAR: thallus white, apothecia brown, terrestrial, Ptari- 

tepui, dry sandy and rocky sandstone exposures on level ground 

adjacent to swamp on plateau-portion of southeast- facing slopes, 

alt. 1600 m., 59691. 

Cladonia sphacelata Vainio. 

BOLIVAR: dry cliff face, Ptari-tepui, along base of east-facing 

high sandstone bluffs, alt. 2410-2450 m., 59956; on dry boulder, 

Ptari-tepui, along base of south-facing high sandstone bluffs, alt. 

2410 m., 599586. 

Cladonia verticillaris (Raddi) Fr. 

SUCRE: terrestrial, Cerro Turumiquire, rocky sandstone summit 

of eastern peak, alt. 2500 m., 62610.

694 FIELD IAN A: BOTANY, VOLUME 28 

PARMELIACEAE 

Parmelia hypotropa Nyl. var. imperlalis Hue. 

BOLIVAR: thallus silvery green above, black below, on face of 

bluff, Ptari-tepui', along base of east-facing high sandstone bluffs, 

alt. 2410-2450 m., 59952. 

USNEACEAE 

Oropogon loxensis (Fe'e) Th. Fr. var. atroalbicans (Nyl.) Du Rietz. 

SUCRE: on walls of boulder on summit, Cerro Turumi quire, between 

headwaters of Rio Colorado and summit of southern peak, 

alt. 2200-2400 m., 62652a. 

Ramalina Usnea (L.) Howe. 

MONAGAS: epiphyte pendent on tree, deep forest along Rib 

Amana, in valley just east of La Traviesa Mene Grande Oil 

Company Camp, 6 kms. west of Santa Barbara, alt. 165 m., 61 771. 

Alectoria ecuadorensis (Zahlbr.) Gyelnik. 

MERIDA: black, terrestrial, near upper limit of paramo, around 

small lake, between Chachopo and Los Apartaderos, near El Aguila, 

alt. 3930 m., 559J8. 

Siphula fastigiata Nyl. 

BOLIVAR: thallus whitish, stiff, common in little clumps all 

over exposed rocks near Great Central Rift, summit of Mount Roraima, 

on southern half of summit, alt. 2700-2740 m., 58880; same 

locality, terrestrial on wooded slopes among rifts of headwaters of 

Great Central Rift, 58892. 

Usnea amabilis Mot. 

ANZOATEGUI: thallus silvery, pendent on branches, cloud forest 

on wooded summit of Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), above 

Santa Cruz, headwaters of Rio Manantiales, east of Bergantin, alt. 

2350 m., 61693. 

Usnea duriuscula Mot. 

ANZOATEGUI: pendent from trees and tree trunk, steep forested 

slopes between Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La 

Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m., 

61561. 

Usnea laevigata Vainio. 

SUCRE: Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing steep sandstone slopes, 

from beginning of sandstone to summit of cerro, alt. 2350-2500 m., 

62604.


Usnea laevis (Eschw.) Nyl. 

BOLIVAR: on rock bordering swamp, Ptari-tepui, Brocchinia- 

Stegolepis-Heliamphora swamp on southwest-facing shoulder, alt. 

2200 m., 59788. 

Usnea subcomosa Vainio. 

ANZOATEGUI: pendent from trees and tree trunk, steep forested 

slopes between Cerro San Jose, along headwaters of Quebrada La 

Tigra, and Cerro Peonia (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 1500-1600 m., 

Usnea subplicata (Vainio.) Mot. 

BOLIVAR: pendent from bluffs or trees on slopes of morros, summit 

of Mount Roraima, on northwest portion north and northwest of 

Summit Camp, alt. 2620-2740 m., 58843. 

Usnea transitoria Mot. 

ANZOATEGUI: common pendent lichen on ridge top, cloud forest 

of Fila Grande, headwaters of Quebrada La Tigra, Cerro San Jose, 

between Bergantin and Cerro Peoma (Cerro Los Pajaritos), alt. 

1800-1850 m., 67546. 

THELOSCHISTACEAE 

Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norm. 

SUCRE: thallus tawny-orange, Cerro Turumiquire, north-facing 

slopes between La Trinidad and zone of cloud forest, alt. 1700-2000 

m., 62490; thallus golden, on tree branches, valley between base of 

Cerro de Diablo (western extension of southern peak of Cerro Turumiquire) 

and Cerro de Neverf, along headwaters of Rib de Amana, 

alt. 2000 m., 62720. 

PHYSCIACEAE 

Anaptychia leucomelaena (L.) Vainio. 

SUCRE: Cerro Turumi quire, rocky sandstone summit of eastern 

peak, alt. 2500m., 62678. 

Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. 

MUSCI 40 

SPHAGNACEAE 

DISTRITO FEDERAL: Cordillera del Avila, between Los Venados 

and Pico Oriental, alt. 1675-2640 m., 55633 in part. MERIDA: 

^By 

E. B. Bartram

THE FLORA OF VENEZUELA

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