Magnoliaceae (PDF)
Magnoliaceae (PDF)
Magnoliaceae (PDF)
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MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
木兰科 mu lan ke<br />
Xia Nianhe (夏念和) 1 , Liu Yuhu (刘玉壶 Law Yu-wu) 1 ; Hans P. Nooteboom 2<br />
Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, usually with perfect flowers, rarely dioecious, monoecious, or andro-dioecious, usually<br />
with trichomes or rarely glabrous. Vegetative buds enclosed by hooded stipules. Stipules 2, connate and adnate to or free from<br />
petiole, splitting and caducous but with a remaining annular scar on twig or if adnate to petiole with scar on petiole. Leaves simple,<br />
spirally arranged, rarely distichous, sometimes fascicled on twig apex and becoming pseudoverticillate, petiolate; leaf blade pinnately<br />
veined, margin entire or rarely lobed. Flowers terminal or terminal on axillary brachyblasts, solitary, large, insect pollinated. Spathaceous<br />
bracts 1 to several, basal to tepals. Tepals 6–9(–45), in 2 to many whorls, 3(–6) per whorl, usually fleshy, sometimes outer ones<br />
(perules) nearly leathery or reduced and sepal-like. Carpels and stamens many, distinct, spirally arranged on an elongated torus.<br />
Androecium usually at basal part of torus; filaments thick and short, sometimes elongated; connective usually exserted and forming a<br />
long or short tip; anthers linear, with 2 thecae, introrsely, laterally, or rarely extrorsely longitudinally dehiscing. Gynoecium at apical<br />
part of torus, sessile or with a gynophore; carpels folded, usually distinct, sometimes connate at base or rarely completely connate;<br />
ovules 2–14 per carpel, in 2 series on ventral sutures. Fruit apocarpous or sometimes syncarpous; mature carpels usually dehiscing<br />
along dorsal and/or ventral sutures, rarely connate and irregularly dehiscing or (in Liriodendron) indehiscent, samaroid, and adnate to<br />
seed endotesta. Seeds 1–12 per fruiting carpel, pendulous on a filiform elastic funiculus, exserted from mature carpels; testa fleshy,<br />
red; endotesta bony; embryo minute; endosperm copious, oily.<br />
Seventeen or two genera and ca. 300 species: mainly in SE Asia and Central America, E and S North America, including Mexico and Antilles,<br />
and N South America; 13 (one introduced) or two genera and 112 or 108 species including two to eight hybrid species (66 or 62 endemic, four introduced)<br />
in China.<br />
Several species in the Magnolioideae are grown for their dried flower buds, known as xinyi (辛夷), which are used medicinally. In addition,<br />
Houpoëa officinalis (Magnolia officinalis) is extensively grown for its medicinal bark. All species in the family are ornamental, and many are grown<br />
in public and private gardens throughout much of China and in other parts of the world.<br />
One of the co-authors (Nooteboom) considers the <strong>Magnoliaceae</strong> to include two monogeneric subfamilies, with Magnolioideae containing the<br />
genus Magnolia and Liriodendroideae containing the genus Liriodendron. The reduction of the former genera of Magnolioideae to a single genus is<br />
based on DNA analysis (S. Kim et al., Amer. J. Bot. 88: 717–728. 2001; H. Azuma et al., J. Plant Res. 112: 291–306. 1999; H. Azuma et al., Proc. Int.<br />
Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1988, 219–227. 2000; H. Azuma et al., Amer. J. Bot. 88: 2275–2285. 2001; W. S. Judd et al., Pl. Syst. Phylogenet. Approach,<br />
222–224. 1999) and morphology (R. B. Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1988, 14–25. 2000; R. B. Figlar & H. P. Nooteboom, Blumea 49:<br />
87–100. 2004). In the present treatment, not only are previously recognized genera still included but additional new and/or reinstated segregate genera<br />
of Magnolioideae are recognized.<br />
Nooteboom observes problems in the present treatment of segregate genera. An example of morphological similarity, which is strengthened by<br />
DNA results, is the similar fruit of Michelia species and Yulania (Magnolia) stellata. The present treatment distinguishes Michelia and Yulania on the<br />
basis of pseudoaxillary flowers in Michelia, but Y. stellata also has pseudoaxillary flowers. Furthermore, the emphasis given to fruit characters in order<br />
to separate genera is inconsistent, which renders the key to genera unworkable for specimens that lack fruit. Michelia (Magnolia) baillonii has fruit<br />
with connate carpels and is regarded as a Michelia species, although, even with fruit, it cannot be determined to Michelia and instead keys out as<br />
Talauma. The same character, fruit with connate carpels, is used to distinguish T. (Magnolia) hodgsonii from Lirianthe, even though, in the absence of<br />
fruit, it can hardly or not at all be distinguished from L. (Magnolia) henryi.<br />
The following checklist is provided for the benefit of those who prefer to recognize Magnolioideae to include only the genus Magnolia. All the<br />
names in Magnolioideae accepted in the present treatment (in italics) are cross-referenced to the corresponding names in Magnolia (in boldface), with<br />
the latter followed by full bibliographic references. Except for treating Magnolioideae as monogeneric, the taxonomy at the specific and infraspecific<br />
levels in this checklist differs from the following main text of this treatment only in that one co-author (Nooteboom) considers that Magnolia fordiana<br />
var. calcarea, M. fordiana var. forrestii, M. figo var. crassipes, and M. figo var. skinneriana should be recognized rather than be treated as species.<br />
Alcimandra cathcartii = Magnolia cathcartii<br />
Lirianthe henryi = Magnolia henryi<br />
Houpoëa obovata = Magnolia obovata<br />
Lirianthe odoratissima = Magnolia odoratissima<br />
Houpoëa officinalis = Magnolia officinalis<br />
Magnolia ×alba (Candolle) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac.<br />
Houpoëa rostrata = Magnolia rostrata<br />
1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Lirianthe albosericea = Magnolia albosericea<br />
Lirianthe championii = Magnolia championii<br />
Lirianthe coco = Magnolia coco<br />
Magnolia albosericea Chun & C. H. Tsoong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9:<br />
117. 1964.<br />
Magnolia amoena W. C. Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot.<br />
Ser. 9: 280. 1934.<br />
Lirianthe delavayi = Magnolia delavayi<br />
Magnolia angustioblonga (Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Figlar, Proc. Int.<br />
Lirianthe fistulosa = Magnolia fistulosa<br />
Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Lirianthe fujianensis = Magnolia xiana<br />
Magnolia aromatica (Dandy) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 183. 2006.<br />
1<br />
South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, People’s Republic of China. (Liu Yuhu died on 18<br />
May 2004.)<br />
2<br />
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.<br />
48
Magnolia baillonii Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: t. 2. 1880.<br />
Magnolia balansae Aug. Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 4: 294.<br />
1904.<br />
Magnolia biondii Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 17: 275.<br />
1910.<br />
Magnolia campbellii J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 77. 1855.<br />
Magnolia cathcartii (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Nooteboom, Blumea<br />
31: 88. 1985.<br />
Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnepain) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam.<br />
Magnoliac. 1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Magnolia cavaleriei var. cavaleriei<br />
Magnolia cavaleriei var. platypetala (Handel-Mazzetti) Nooteboom,<br />
comb. nov. Basionym: Michelia platypetala Handel-Mazzetti,<br />
Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 58: 89. 1921.<br />
Magnolia caveana (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) D. C. S. Raju & M. P.<br />
Nayar, Indian J. Bot. 3: 171. 1980.<br />
Magnolia champaca (Linnaeus) Baillon ex Pierre, Fl. Forest.<br />
Cochinch. 1: t. 3. 1880.<br />
Magnolia champaca var. champaca<br />
Magnolia champaca (Linnaeus) Baillon ex Pierre var. pubinervia<br />
(Blume) Figlar & Nooteboom, Blumea 49: 96. 2004.<br />
Magnolia championii Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 8. 1861 [“championi”].<br />
Magnolia changhungtana Nooteboom, nom. nov. Replaced synonym:<br />
Manglietia pachyphylla Hung T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ.<br />
Sunyatseni 1: 55. 1961, not Magnolia pachyphylla Dandy, Bull.<br />
Misc. Inform. Kew 1928: 186. 1928.<br />
Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima, Yunnan Forest. Sci. Technol.<br />
2001(2): 29. 2001.<br />
Magnolia chevalieri (Dandy) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 183. 2006.<br />
Magnolia coco (Loureiro) Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 459. 1817.<br />
Magnolia compressa Maximovicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-<br />
Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 17: 417. 1872.<br />
Magnolia conifera (Dandy) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 183. 2006.<br />
Magnolia coriacea (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) Figlar, Proc. Int.<br />
Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Magnolia crassipes (Y. W. Law) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 184.<br />
2006.<br />
Magnolia cylindrica E. H. Wilson, J. Arnold Arbor. 8: 109. 1927.<br />
Magnolia dandyi Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8: 63. 1939.<br />
Magnolia dawsoniana Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson.<br />
1: 397. 1913.<br />
Magnolia decidua (Q. Y. Zheng) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 184.<br />
2006.<br />
Magnolia delavayi Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 1: 33. 1889.<br />
Magnolia denudata Desrousseaux in Lamarck. Encycl. 3: 675. 1792.<br />
Magnolia doltsopa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle) Figlar, Proc. Int.<br />
Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Magnolia duclouxii (Finet & Gagnepain) Hu in Hu & Chun, Icon. Pl.<br />
Sin. 2: 18. 1929.<br />
Magnolia elegantifolia Nooteboom, nom. nov. Replaced synonym:<br />
Michelia elegans Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin<br />
8(3): 71. 1988, not Magnolia elegans (Blume) H. Keng, Gard.<br />
Bull. Singapore 31: 129. 1978.<br />
Magnolia elliptigemmata C. L. Guo & L. L. Huang, J. Wuhan Bot.<br />
Res. 10: 325. 1992.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Magnolia ernestii Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 21.<br />
2000.<br />
Magnolia ernestii subsp. ernestii<br />
Magnolia ernestii subsp. szechuanica (Dandy) Sima & Figlar, Yunnan<br />
Forest. Sci. Technol. 2001(2): 31. 2001.<br />
Magnolia figlarii V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 184. 2006.<br />
Magnolia figo (Loureiro) Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 460. 1817.<br />
Magnolia figo var. figo<br />
Magnolia figo var. crassipes (Y. W. Law) Figlar & Nooteboom,<br />
Blumea 49: 96. 2004.<br />
Magnolia figo var. skinneriana (Dunn) Nooteboom, comb. et stat.<br />
nov. Basionym: Michelia skinneriana Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot.<br />
38: 354. 1908.<br />
Magnolia fistulosa (Finet & Gagnepain) Dandy, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.<br />
Edinburgh 16: 124. 1928.<br />
Magnolia flaviflora (Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp.<br />
Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Magnolia floribunda (Finet & Gagnepain) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp.<br />
Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Magnolia fordiana (Oliver) Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 228. 1924.<br />
Magnolia fordiana var. fordiana<br />
Magnolia fordiana var. calcarea (X. H. Song) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull.<br />
61: 184. 2006.<br />
Magnolia fordiana var. forrestii (W. W. Smith ex Dandy) V. S. Kumar,<br />
Kew Bull. 61: 184. 2006.<br />
Magnolia fordiana var. hainanensis (Dandy) Nooteboom, comb. et<br />
stat. nov. Basionym: Manglietia hainanensis Dandy, J. Bot. 68:<br />
204. 1930.<br />
Magnolia foveolata (Merrill ex Dandy) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam.<br />
Magnoliac. 1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Magnolia fujianensis (Q. F. Zheng) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam.<br />
Magnoliac. 1998, 22. 2000.<br />
Magnolia fulva (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp.<br />
Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 22. 2000.<br />
Magnolia garrettii (Craib) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 184. 2006.<br />
Magnolia gioi (A. Chevalier) Nooteboom, comb. nov. Basionym:<br />
Talauma gioi A. Chevalier, Bull. Écon. Indochine, n.s., 21: 790.<br />
1918.<br />
Magnolia glaucifolia (Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Nooteboom, comb. nov.<br />
Basionym: Manglietia glaucifolia Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Guihaia<br />
6: 263. 1986.<br />
Magnolia globosa J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 77. 1855.<br />
Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1802. 1759.<br />
Magnolia grandis (Hu & W. C. Cheng) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61:<br />
184. 2006.<br />
Magnolia guangdongensis (Y. H. Yan, Q. W. Zeng & F. W. Xing)<br />
Nooteboom, comb. nov. Basionym: Michelia guangdongensis Y.<br />
H. Yan, Q. W. Zeng & F. W. Xing, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41: 491. 2004.<br />
Magnolia guangxiensis (Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou) Sima, Yunnan<br />
Forest. Sci. Technol. 2001(2): 32. 2001.<br />
Magnolia henryi Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35: 484. 1903.<br />
Magnolia hodgsonii (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) H. Keng, Gard. Bull.<br />
Singapore 31: 129. 1976.<br />
Magnolia hongheensis (Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen) V. S. Kumar, Kew<br />
Bull. 61: 184. 2006.<br />
Magnolia hookeri (Cubitt & W. W. Smith) D. C. S. Raju & M. P.<br />
Nayar, Indian J. Bot. 3: 171. 1980.<br />
49
50<br />
Magnolia insignis Wallich, Tent. Fl. Napal. 3. 1824.<br />
Magnolia iteophylla (C. Y. Wu ex Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Nooteboom,<br />
comb. nov. Basionym: Michelia iteophylla C. Y. Wu ex Y. W.<br />
Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 337. 1988.<br />
Magnolia jigongshanensis T. B. Chao et al., J. Henan Univ., Nat. Sci.<br />
26: 62. 2000.<br />
Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy, Bull. Misc.<br />
Inform. Kew 1927: 264. 1927.<br />
Magnolia kisopa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle) Figlar, Proc. Int.<br />
Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 22. 2000.<br />
Magnolia kwangsiensis Figlar & Nooteboom, Blumea 49: 96. 2004.<br />
Magnolia kwangtungensis Merrill, J. Arnold Arbor. 8: 5. 1927.<br />
Magnolia lacei (W. W. Smith) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac.<br />
1998, 22. 2000.<br />
Magnolia laevifolia (Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Nooteboom, Blumea 52:<br />
562. 2007.<br />
Magnolia lanuginosa (Wallich) Figlar & Nooteboom, Blumea 49: 96.<br />
2004.<br />
Magnolia leveilleana (Dandy) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam.<br />
Magnoliac. 1998, 22. 2000.<br />
Magnolia liliiflora Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 675. 1792.<br />
Magnolia longipedunculata (Q. W. Zeng & Y. W. Law) V. S. Kumar,<br />
Kew Bull. 61: 184. 2006.<br />
Magnolia lotungensis Chun & C. H. Tsoong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8:<br />
225. 1963.<br />
Magnolia lucida (B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull.<br />
61: 184. 2006.<br />
Magnolia macclurei (Dandy) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac.<br />
1998, 22. 2000.<br />
Magnolia martini H. Léveillé, Bull. Soc. Agric. Sarthe 39: 321. 1904.<br />
Magnolia masticata (Dandy) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac.<br />
1998, 23. 2000.<br />
Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac.<br />
1998, 23. 2000.<br />
Magnolia mediocris (Dandy) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac.<br />
1998, 23. 2000.<br />
Magnolia mirifolia (D. L. Fu, T. B. Chao & Zhi X. Chen) Nooteboom,<br />
comb. nov. Basionym: Yulania mirifolia D. L. Fu, T. B. Chao &<br />
Zhi X. Chen, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 24: 261. 2004.<br />
Magnolia multiflora M. C. Wang & C. L. Min, Acta Bot. Boreal.-<br />
Occid. Sin. 12: 85. 1992.<br />
Magnolia nitida W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12:<br />
212. 1920.<br />
Magnolia obovalifolia (C. Y. Wu & Y. W. Law) V. S. Kumar, Kew<br />
Bull. 61: 185. 2006 [“obovatifolia”].<br />
Magnolia obovata Thunberg, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 336. 1794.<br />
Magnolia odora (Chun) Figlar & Nooteboom, Blumea 49: 97. 2004.<br />
Magnolia odoratissima Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou, Bull. Bot. Res.,<br />
Harbin 6(2): 139. 1986.<br />
Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1:<br />
391. 1913.<br />
Magnolia omeiensis (W. C. Cheng) Dandy in S. Nilsson, World Pollen<br />
Spore Fl. 3(<strong>Magnoliaceae</strong>): 5. 1974.<br />
Magnolia opipara (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) Sima, Yunnan<br />
Forest. Sci. Technol. 2001(2): 34. 2001.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Magnolia ovoidea (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) V. S. Kumar, Kew<br />
Bull. 61: 185. 2006.<br />
Magnolia patungensis (Hu) Nooteboom, comb. nov. Basionym:<br />
Manglietia patungensis Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 335. 1951.<br />
Magnolia pilocarpa Z. Z. Zhao & Z. W. Xie, Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 22:<br />
777. 1987.<br />
Magnolia rostrata W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12:<br />
213. 1920.<br />
Magnolia rufibarbata (Dandy) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 185. 2006.<br />
Magnolia sargentiana Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent, Pl. Wilson.<br />
1: 398. 1913.<br />
Magnolia shiluensis (Chun & Y. F. Wu) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam.<br />
Magnoliac. 1998, 23. 2000.<br />
Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch, Hort. Dendrol. 4. 1853.<br />
Magnolia sinensis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Stapf, Bot. Mag. 149: t.<br />
9004. 1924.<br />
Magnolia sinica (Y. W. Law) Nooteboom, Blumea 31: 91. 1985.<br />
Magnolia ×soulangeana Soulange-Bodin, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1826:<br />
269. 1826 [“soulangiana”].<br />
Magnolia sphaerantha (C. Y. Wu ex Z. S. Yue) Sima, Yunnan Forest.<br />
Sci. Technol. 2001(2): 34. 2001.<br />
Magnolia sprengeri Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 22: 295.<br />
1915.<br />
Magnolia stellata Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-<br />
Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 17: 418. 1872.<br />
Magnolia ventii (N. V. Tiep) V. S. Kumar, Kew Bull. 61: 185. 2006.<br />
Magnolia viridula (D. L. Fu, T. B. Chao & G. H. Tian) Nooteboom,<br />
comb. nov. Basionym: Yulania viridula D. L. Fu, T. B. Chao & G.<br />
H. Tian, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 24: 263. 2004.<br />
Magnolia wilsonii (Finet & Gagnepain) Rehder in Sargent, Pl. Wilson.<br />
1: 395. 1913.<br />
Magnolia xanthantha (C. Y. Wu ex Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Figlar,<br />
Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 23. 2000.<br />
Magnolia xiana Nooteboom, nom. nov. [after N. H. Xia]. Replaced<br />
synonym: Magnolia fujianensis R. Z. Zhou, J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot.<br />
12: 473. 2004, not Magnolia fujianensis (Q. F. Zheng) Figlar,<br />
Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 22. 2000.<br />
Magnolia xinganensis Nooteboom, nom. nov. Replaced synonym:<br />
Manglietia oblonga Y. W. Law, R. Z. Zhou & X. S. Qin, Ann. Bot.<br />
Fenn. 43: 64. 2006, not Magnolia oblonga (Wallich ex J. D.<br />
Hooker & Thomson) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac.<br />
1998, 21. 2000.<br />
Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Nooteboom, Blumea 31: 88. 1985.<br />
Magnolia zenii W. C. Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot.<br />
Ser. 8: 291. 1933.<br />
Magnolia zhengyiana (N. H. Xia) Nooteboom, comb. nov. Basionym:<br />
Manglietia zhengyiana N. H. Xia in C. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven & D.<br />
Y. Hong, Fl. China 7: 55. 2008.<br />
Manglietia aromatica = Magnolia aromatica<br />
Manglietia calcarea = Magnolia fordiana var. calcarea<br />
Manglietia caveana = Magnolia caveana<br />
Manglietia chevalieri = Magnolia chevalieri<br />
Manglietia conifera = Magnolia conifera<br />
Manglietia crassipes = Magnolia crassipes<br />
Manglietia dandyi = Magnolia dandyi<br />
Manglietia decidua = Magnolia decidua
Manglietia duclouxii = Magnolia duclouxii<br />
Manglietia fordiana = Magnolia fordiana<br />
Manglietia fordiana var. hainanensis = Magnolia fordiana var.<br />
hainanensis<br />
Manglietia forrestii = Magnolia fordiana var. forrestii<br />
Manglietia garrettii = Magnolia garrettii<br />
Manglietia glaucifolia = Magnolia glaucifolia<br />
Manglietia grandis = Magnolia grandis<br />
Manglietia hongheensis = Magnolia hongheensis<br />
Manglietia hookeri = Magnolia hookeri<br />
Manglietia insignis = Magnolia insignis<br />
Manglietia kwangtungensis = Magnolia kwangtungensis<br />
Manglietia longipedunculata = Magnolia longipedunculata<br />
Manglietia lucida = Magnolia lucida<br />
Manglietia oblonga = Magnolia xinganensis<br />
Manglietia obovalifolia = Magnolia obovalifolia<br />
Manglietia ovoidea = Magnolia ovoidea<br />
Manglietia pachyphylla = Magnolia changhungtana<br />
Manglietia patungensis = Magnolia patungensis<br />
Manglietia rufibarbata = Magnolia rufibarbata<br />
Manglietia szechuanica = Magnolia figlarii<br />
Manglietia ventii = Magnolia ventii<br />
Manglietia zhengyiana = Magnolia zhengyiana<br />
Michelia ×alba = Magnolia ×alba<br />
Michelia angustioblonga = Magnolia angustioblonga<br />
Michelia baillonii = Magnolia baillonii<br />
Michelia balansae = Magnolia balansae<br />
Michelia cavaleriei = Magnolia cavaleriei<br />
Michelia cavaleriei var. platypetala = Magnolia cavaleriei var.<br />
platypetala<br />
Michelia champaca = Magnolia champaca<br />
Michelia champaca var. pubinervia = Magnolia champaca var.<br />
pubinervia<br />
Michelia chapensis = Magnolia chapensis<br />
Michelia compressa = Magnolia compressa<br />
Michelia coriacea = Magnolia coriacea<br />
Michelia crassipes = Magnolia figo var. crassipes<br />
Michelia doltsopa = Magnolia doltsopa<br />
Michelia elegans = Magnolia elegantifolia<br />
Michelia figo = Magnolia figo<br />
Michelia flaviflora = Magnolia flaviflora<br />
Michelia floribunda = Magnolia floribunda<br />
Michelia foveolata = Magnolia foveolata<br />
Michelia fujianensis = Magnolia fujianensis<br />
Michelia fulva = Magnolia fulva<br />
Michelia gioi = Magnolia gioi<br />
Michelia guangdongensis = Magnolia guangdongensis<br />
Michelia guangxiensis = Magnolia guangxiensis<br />
Michelia iteophylla = Magnolia iteophylla<br />
Michelia kisopa = Magnolia kisopa<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Michelia lacei = Magnolia lacei<br />
Michelia leveilleana = Magnolia leveilleana<br />
Michelia macclurei = Magnolia macclurei<br />
Michelia martini = Magnolia martini<br />
Michelia masticata = Magnolia masticata<br />
Michelia maudiae = Magnolia maudiae<br />
Michelia mediocris = Magnolia mediocris<br />
Michelia odora = Magnolia odora<br />
Michelia opipara = Magnolia opipara<br />
Michelia shiluensis = Magnolia shiluensis<br />
Michelia skinneriana = Magnolia figo var. skinneriana<br />
Michelia sphaerantha = Magnolia sphaerantha<br />
Michelia velutina = Magnolia lanuginosa<br />
Michelia wilsonii = Magnolia ernestii<br />
Michelia wilsonii subsp. szechuanica = Magnolia ernestii subsp.<br />
szechuanica<br />
Michelia xanthantha = Magnolia xanthantha<br />
Michelia yunnanensis = Magnolia laevifolia<br />
Oyama globosa = Magnolia globosa<br />
Oyama sieboldii = Magnolia sieboldii<br />
Oyama sinensis = Magnolia sinensis<br />
Oyama wilsonii = Magnolia wilsonii<br />
Pachylarnax sinica = Magnolia sinica<br />
Parakmeria kachirachirai = Magnolia kachirachirai<br />
Parakmeria lotungensis = Magnolia lotungensis<br />
Parakmeria nitida = Magnolia nitida<br />
Parakmeria omeiensis Cheng = Magnolia omeiensis<br />
Parakmeria yunnanensis Hu = Magnolia yunnanensis<br />
Talauma hodgsonii = Magnolia hodgsonii<br />
Woonyoungia septentrionalis = Magnolia kwangsiensis<br />
Yulania amoena = Magnolia amoena<br />
Yulania biondii = Magnolia biondii<br />
Yulania campbellii = Magnolia campbellii<br />
Yulania cylindrica = Magnolia cylindrica<br />
Yulania dawsoniana = Magnolia dawsoniana<br />
Yulania denudata = Magnolia denudata<br />
Yulania elliptigemmata = Magnolia elliptigemmata<br />
Yulania jigongshanensis = Magnolia jigongshanensis<br />
Yulania liliiflora = Magnolia liliiflora<br />
Yulania mirifolia = Magnolia mirifolia<br />
Yulania multiflora = Magnolia multiflora<br />
Yulania pilocarpa = Magnolia pilocarpa<br />
Yulania sargentiana = Magnolia sargentiana<br />
Yulania stellata = Magnolia stellata<br />
Yulania ×soulangeana = Magnolia ×soulangeana<br />
Yulania sprengeri = Magnolia sprengeri<br />
Yulania viridula = Magnolia viridula<br />
Yulania zenii = Magnolia zenii<br />
Law Yuwu. 1996. <strong>Magnoliaceae</strong> (excluding Illicieae and Schisandreae). In: Law Yuwu, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 30(1): 82–198, 270–271.<br />
51
52<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
1a. Leaf blade 4–10-lobed; anthers dehiscent extrorsely; mature carpels samaroid, indehiscent, deciduous, fruit axis<br />
persistent; testa thin and dry, adnate to endocarp (subfam. Liriodendroideae) ........................................................ 13. Liriodendron<br />
1b. Leaf blade unlobed or rarely 2-lobed at apex; anthers dehiscent introrsely or latrorsely; mature carpels not<br />
samaroid but in various shapes such as globose, ovoid, ellipsoid, or terete, usually twisted because of abortion<br />
of some carpels, dehiscent or circumscissile; testa fleshy, free from fruit segments (subfam. Magnolioideae).<br />
2a. Fruit cylindric or terete; torus elongated in fruit.<br />
3a. Flowers terminal on axillary brachyblasts .......................................................................................................... 12. Michelia<br />
3b. Flowers terminal.<br />
4a. Plants evergreen; perules absent; anthers dehiscing introrsely ............................................................... 10. Alcimandra<br />
4b. Plants deciduous; perules present; anthers dehiscing introrse-latrorsely ...................................................... 11. Yulania<br />
2b. Fruit globose, ovoid, or ellipsoid; torus not elongated in fruit.<br />
5a. Young leaves open in bud.<br />
6a. Mature carpels dehiscing along ventral sutures ....................................................................................... 8. Pachylarnax<br />
6b. Mature carpels dehiscing along dorsal sutures ......................................................................................... 9. Parakmeria<br />
5b. Young leaves folded in bud.<br />
7a. Mature carpels circumscissile ........................................................................................................................ 5. Talauma<br />
7b. Mature carpels dehiscing along ventral or dorsal sutures.<br />
8a. Flowers unisexual ............................................................................................................................ 7. Woonyoungia<br />
8b. Flowers bisexual.<br />
9a. Ovules 4 to many per carpel .......................................................................................................... 1. Manglietia<br />
9b. Ovules 2 per carpel.<br />
10a. Flowers terminal; peduncle slender; leaves distichously arranged ............................................ 6. Oyama<br />
10b. Flowers terminal on terminal brachyblasts; peduncle with internodes of brachyblasts;<br />
leaves spirally arranged, ± fascicled, or pseudowhorled.<br />
11a. Leaves pseudoverticillate .............................................................................................. 4. Houpoëa<br />
11b. Leaves spirally arranged or fascicled.<br />
12a. Fruit ovoid ............................................................................................................ 2. Magnolia<br />
12b. Fruit ellipsoid ....................................................................................................... 3. Lirianthe<br />
1. MANGLIETIA Blume, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunst. 9: 149. 1823.<br />
木莲属 mu lian shu<br />
Paramanglietia Hu & W. C. Cheng; Sinomanglietia Z. X. Yu & Q. Y. Zheng.<br />
Trees, evergreen or rarely deciduous (only Manglietia decidua). Stipules adnate to petiole, leaving long or short scar on petiole.<br />
Leaves folded in bud; leaf blade leathery, margin entire. Flowers terminal or terminal on terminal brachyblasts, bisexual. Tepals usually<br />
9–13, 3 per whorl, greenish or red, subequal, subleathery but 3 of outer whorl usually thinner. Filaments short and inconspicuous;<br />
connective exserted and mucronate; anthers linear, dehiscing introrsely. Gynoecium sessile; carpels numerous, spirally<br />
arranged, distinct, abaxially usually with 1 or several furrows at base, adaxially completely connate to torus; ovules 4 or more per<br />
carpel. Fruit apocarpous, globose, ovoid, terete, or ellipsoid-ovoid; torus not elongated between carpels; mature carpels subwoody or<br />
thickly woody, persistent, dehiscing along dorsal suture or sometimes also along ventral suture, apex usually beaked. Seeds 1 to more<br />
than 10 per fruit.<br />
About 40 species: tropical and subtropical Asia; 29 or 27 species (17 or 15 endemic) in China.<br />
“Manglietia fadouensis Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou,” “M. guangnanica D. X. Li & R. Z. Zhou,” “M. pingjiangensis Y. W. Law & D. X. Li,” “M.<br />
microflora Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou,” and “M. tianchiensis D. X. Li & Y. W. Law” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 136, 148, 186, 198. 2004) are of<br />
uncertain identity and are probably the same as already published Manglietia species but were not validly published because no Latin descriptions or<br />
diagnoses were provided and no types were indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
1a. Mature carpels dehiscing along ventral sutures; torus dehiscent when fruit matured.<br />
2a. Evergreen; tepals 9, in 3 whorls, white, outer ones obovate-elliptic, inner ones nearly obovate-spatulate ........... 20. M. calcarea<br />
2b. Deciduous; tepals 15 or 16, in 5 or 6 whorls, yellow, lanceolate to narrowly obovate ........................................... 29. M. decidua<br />
1b. Mature carpels dehiscing along dorsal sutures or rarely along ventral sutures; torus indehiscent when fruit matured.<br />
3a. Brachyblasts or peduncles slender; fruit pendulous.<br />
4a. Vegetative buds, young branches, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, and peduncles rust-colored tomentose<br />
or reddish brown erect villous.<br />
5a. Vegetative buds, young branches, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, and peduncles reddish<br />
brown erect villous .............................................................................................................................. 25. M. longipedunculata<br />
5b. Vegetative buds, young branches, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, and peduncles<br />
rust-colored tomentose.
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
6a. Gynoecium glabrous .......................................................................................................................... 23. M. kwangtungensis<br />
6b. Gynoecium with trichomes ....................................................................................................................... 24. M. rufibarbata<br />
4b. Vegetative buds, young branches, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, and peduncles with sparse<br />
appressed trichomes or glabrous.<br />
7a. Leaf blade abaxially glaucous ....................................................................................................................... 28. M. glaucifolia<br />
7b. Leaf blade abaxially grayish green.<br />
8a. Stipular scar ca. 1/5 as long as petiole; inner tepals pure white .................................................................... 26. M. conifera<br />
8b. Stipular scar ca. 1/2 as long as petiole; inner tepals purplish ......................................................................... 27. M. ovoidea<br />
3b. Brachyblasts robust; fruit erect after flowering.<br />
9a. Leaf blade apex obtuse to emarginate ............................................................................................................ 10. M. hongheensis<br />
9b. Leaf blade apex acute, acuminate, cuspidate, or caudate.<br />
10a. Fruit subglobose; mature carpels only base inserted on torus adaxially, dehiscing along ventral suture<br />
first and then partly along dorsal suture ........................................................................................................ 2. M. aromatica<br />
10b. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, subterete, or ovoid; mature carpels completely or mostly inserted on torus<br />
adaxially, dehiscing along dorsal suture first and then along ventral suture.<br />
11a. Gynoecium with trichomes.<br />
12a. Beak of mature carpel 5–7 mm ....................................................................................................................... 8. M. ventii<br />
12b. Beak of mature carpel less than 3 mm.<br />
13a. Fruit cylindric ..................................................................................................................................... 7. M. zhengyiana<br />
13b. Fruit ellipsoidal or ovoid.<br />
14a. Mature carpels abaxially tuberculate ................................................................................................. 11. M. caveana<br />
14b. Mature carpels not abaxially tuberculate.<br />
15a. Leaf blade leathery, abaxially pale brownish pubescent, midvein white villous; fruit ovoid,<br />
8–10 cm .................................................................................................................................... 13. M. szechuanica<br />
15b. Leaf blade thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous; fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, 5–6 cm ....................... 15. M. duclouxii<br />
11b. Gynoecium glabrous.<br />
16a. Androecium with trichomes .......................................................................................................................... 1. M. dandyi<br />
16b. Androecium glabrous.<br />
17a. Outer tepals abaxially with appressed reddish brown trichomes .......................................................... 19. M. forrestii<br />
17b. Outer tepals abaxially glabrous.<br />
18a. Gynoecium or fruit ovoid.<br />
19a. Tepals white; stipular scar nearly 1/6 as long as petiole ............................................................... 16. M. crassipes<br />
19b. Tepals pale red or purplish red; stipular scar 1/4–1/2 as long as petiole.<br />
20a. Young branches and brachyblasts with rust-colored trichomes; stipular scar more than 1/2<br />
as long as petiole ............................................................................................................................... 3. M. lucida<br />
20b. Young branches and brachyblasts glabrous; stipular scar nearly 1/4 as long as petiole ................ 4. M. grandis<br />
18b. Gynoecium or fruit terete or ellipsoid.<br />
21a. Stipular scar more than 1/2 as long as petiole.<br />
22a. Leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 18–34.5 × 8–12 cm, abaxially with dense fine brown trichomes<br />
(difficult to see even under hand lens); tepals purple to purplish red ........................................... 5. M. garrettii<br />
22b. Leaf blade elliptic-obovate to narrowly obovate, 20–30 × 6–10 cm, abaxially glabrous; tepals<br />
white ................................................................................................................................................ 6. M. hookeri<br />
21b. Stipular scar less than 1/2 as long as petiole.<br />
23a. Gynoecium terete.<br />
24a. Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces ................................................................................. 12. M. patungensis<br />
24b. Leaf blade abaxially ± with trichomes.<br />
25a. Stipular scar less than 1/3 as long as petiole; leaf blade abaxial midvein reddish brown<br />
pubescent or scattered appressed hispidulous ........................................................................ 9. M. insignis<br />
25b. Stipular scar 1/10–1/5 as long as petiole; leaf blade abaxially with pale brownish red<br />
trichomes ............................................................................................................................ 14. M. chevalieri<br />
23b. Gynoecium ovoid or long ovoid.<br />
26a. Young branches glabrous; leaf blade obovate ................................................................... 21. M. obovalifolia<br />
26b. Young branches ± with trichomes; leaf blade elliptic or narrowly elliptic.<br />
27a. Tepals of inner 2 whorls transversely wavy striate ............................................................... 22. M. oblonga<br />
27b. Tepals of inner 2 whorls smooth.<br />
28a. Mature carpels abaxially furrowed but not tuberculate .............................................. 17. M. pachyphylla<br />
28b. Mature carpels abaxially not furrowed but tuberculate .................................................... 18. M. fordiana<br />
53
54<br />
1. Manglietia dandyi (Gagnepain) Dandy in Praglowski,<br />
World Pollen Spore Fl. 3(<strong>Magnoliaceae</strong>): 5. 1974.<br />
大叶木莲 da ye mu lian<br />
Magnolia dandyi Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8: 63.<br />
1939; M. megaphylla (Hu & W. C. Cheng) V. S. Kumar;<br />
Manglietia megaphylla Hu & W. C. Cheng; ?M. sinoconifera<br />
F. N. Wei.<br />
Trees, 30–50 m tall, 80–100 cm d.b.h. Branches, leaf blade<br />
abaxial surfaces, petioles, stipules, peduncles, and spathaceous<br />
bracts densely long ferruginous tomentose. Stipular scar 1/3–<br />
2/3 as long as petiole. Leaves usually 5 or 6 clustered on branch<br />
apex; petiole 2–3 cm; leaf blade obovate, 25–50 × 10–20 cm,<br />
leathery, basal ca. 2/3 narrowed, adaxially glabrous, secondary<br />
veins 20–22 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins sparse and<br />
prominent on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, apex acute.<br />
Brachyblasts thick and strong, 3.5–4 × ca. 1.5 cm; spathaceous<br />
bract 1, ca. 3 mm basal to tepals. Tepals 9 or 10, in 3 whorls,<br />
fleshy; tepals of outer whorl obovate-oblong, 4.5–5 × 2.5–2.8<br />
cm, adaxially ca. 7-striated; tepals of inner 2 whorls smaller.<br />
Stamens villous, 1.2–1.5 cm; filaments flat, ca. 2 mm; connective<br />
exserted with a ca. 1 mm triangular appendage; anthers 8–<br />
10 mm, thecae distinct and ca. 1 mm wide. Gynoecium ovoid,<br />
2–2.5 cm; carpels 60–75, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous, with 1 furrow<br />
reaching to style apex. Fruiting brachyblasts thick and strong,<br />
1–3 × 1–1.3 cm. Fruit ovoid to long ellipsoid, 6.5–11 cm; mature<br />
carpels 2.5–3 cm, extrorsely slightly curved, dehiscent<br />
along dorsal and ventral sutures, apex acute. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep–<br />
Dec. 2n = 38.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 400–1500 m. W Guangxi, SE<br />
Yunnan [Laos, Vietnam].<br />
“Manglietia admirabilis Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” (in Y. H. Liu,<br />
Magnolias China, 120. 2004) probably belongs here but was not validly<br />
published because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and<br />
no type was indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
The status of Manglietia sinoconifera is uncertain because the<br />
authors have been unable to see the holotype, although it may be<br />
conspecific with M. dandyi.<br />
Manglietia dandyi is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
2. Manglietia aromatica Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 231. 1931.<br />
香木莲 xiang mu lian<br />
Magnolia aromatica (Dandy) V. S. Kumar; Paramanglietia<br />
aromatica (Dandy) Hu & W. C. Cheng.<br />
Trees, to 35 m tall, to 1.2 m d.b.h., glabrous except vegetative<br />
buds white appressed pubescent, aromatic. Bark gray and<br />
smooth. Young twigs pale green; terminal buds ellipsoid, ca. 3<br />
× 1.2 cm. Stipular scar 1/4–1/3 as long as petiole. Petiole 1.5–<br />
2.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, 15–19<br />
× 6–7 cm, thinly leathery, lower ca. 1/3 gradually tapered,<br />
secondary veins 12–16 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins<br />
sparse and conspicuously prominent on both surfaces when dry,<br />
base slightly decurrent, apex shortly acuminate to acuminate.<br />
Peduncle strong, 10–15 × 6–8 mm in fruit; bract scar 1, 5–7<br />
mm basal to tepals. Tepals 11 or 12, in 4 whorls of 3, white;<br />
outer 3 tepals obovate-oblong, 7–11 × 3.5–5 cm, nearly leath-<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
ery; tepals of inner whorls obovate-spoon-shaped, 9–11.5 × 4–<br />
5.5 cm, fleshy, base clawed. Stamens ca. 100, 1.5–1.8 cm. Carpels<br />
glabrous. Fruit red when fresh, subglobose to ovoid, 7–8<br />
cm in diam.; mature carpels dehiscing along ventral and then<br />
dorsal sutures. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 38.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 900–1600 m. SW Guangxi,<br />
Guizhou, SE Yunnan [Vietnam].<br />
3. Manglietia lucida B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang, Acta Sci. Nat.<br />
Univ. Sunyatseni 1988(3): 94. 1988.<br />
亮叶木莲 liang ye mu lian<br />
Magnolia lucida (B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang) V. S. Kumar.<br />
Trees, to 18 m tall, to 65 cm d.b.h. Young twigs grayish,<br />
8–10 mm in diam., smooth, often longitudinally wrinkled when<br />
dry, glabrous or with minute trichomes. Stipules pubescent, scar<br />
1.6–4.5 cm. Petiole 3.6–6 cm, often thickened toward base,<br />
glabrous; leaf blade obovate, 27–44 × 11–16 cm, leathery, midvein<br />
abaxially rather elevated lengthwise, adaxially sulcate,<br />
secondary veins 13–19 on each side of midvein, apically<br />
curved, and meeting in an intramarginal vein, reticulate veins<br />
coarse and adaxially rather dull, base cuneate and decurrent<br />
with 2 ridges into petiole, apex acuminate, acumen 1–2.5 cm.<br />
Brachyblasts ca. 1.4 × 0.6 cm, pubescent; spathaceous bract 1,<br />
± at base of peduncle, broadly obovate, ca. 8.3 × 6.9 cm, thickly<br />
leathery, abaxially pubescent. Peduncle 5–6 mm, with same indumentum<br />
as brachyblast. Tepals 9(–11), purple; outer 3 tepals<br />
narrowly obovate, 12–14 × 5.8–6 cm, fleshy; inner 6–8 tepals in<br />
2 whorls, shorter and narrower than outer ones. Stamens many.<br />
Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 2.7 × 1.8 cm; carpels 70–80, nearly entirely<br />
connate when young, glabrous. Fruiting brachyblasts ca.<br />
4.5 × 1 cm; pedicel ca. 2.5 × 1 cm. Fruit ovoid-globose, ca. 9.5<br />
× 8–10 cm; torus ca. 3 × 2 cm, with scars of perianth and<br />
stamens; mature carpels 2–3.5 × 0.8–1 cm, woody, abaxial part<br />
1–1.5 cm, dehiscing along dorsal suture at first and later also<br />
along ventral suture. Seeds ca. 3 per carpel. Fl. Mar–May, fr.<br />
Sep–Oct.<br />
● Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500–700 m. SE<br />
Yunnan.<br />
4. Manglietia grandis Hu & W. C. Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin.<br />
1: 158. 1951.<br />
大果木莲 da guo mu lian<br />
Magnolia grandis (Hu & W. C. Cheng) V. S. Kumar.<br />
Trees, to 12 m tall. Twigs pale gray, thick and strong, glabrous.<br />
Stipules glabrous, scar ca. 1/4 as long as petiole. Petiole<br />
2.6–4 cm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 20–35.5 × 10–13 cm,<br />
leathery, glabrous, abaxially papillate, adaxially lucid, secondary<br />
veins 17–26 on each side of midvein and conspicuous when<br />
dry, base broadly cuneate, apex acute to cuspidate. Tepals 12,<br />
red; outer tepals thinner, obovate-oblong, 9–11 cm, 9–11-striated;<br />
innermost 3 tepals obovate-spoon-shaped, 8–12 × 3–6 cm,<br />
fleshy. Stamens 1.4–1.6 cm; connective with a ca. 1 mm mucro;<br />
anthers ca. 1.3 cm. Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 4 cm; carpels with<br />
midvein abaxially concave to apex of style. Fruiting brachyblasts<br />
thick and strong, ca. 1.3 cm in diam. Fruit ellipsoidovoid,<br />
10–12 cm; mature carpels 3–4 cm, dehiscing along ven-
tral sutures, apex acute and minutely incurved. Fl. May, fr. Sep–<br />
Oct. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 800–1500 m. SW Guangxi, SE<br />
Yunnan.<br />
This species is used for timber.<br />
5. Manglietia garrettii Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1922:<br />
166. 1922.<br />
泰国木莲 tai guo mu lian<br />
Magnolia garrettii (Craib) V. S. Kumar.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall, to 1.2 m d.b.h. Young twigs, stipules,<br />
petioles, and peduncles densely brown pubescent with short to<br />
long and straight to slightly undulate trichomes. Twigs brown,<br />
5–8 mm in diam. Stipules adnate to petiole, scar 1.8–2.5 cm.<br />
Petiole 3–5 cm, thickened toward base; leaf blade elliptic to<br />
obovate, 18–34.5 × 8–12 cm, leathery, abaxially densely coated<br />
with minute (hardly visible even with hand lens) brownish trichomes,<br />
secondary veins 12–21 on each side of midvein and<br />
abaxially prominently elevated, reticulate veins coarse and<br />
prominent on both surfaces, base cuneate to rounded, apex<br />
shortly acuminate. Brachyblasts 1.5–4 × 0.6–0.9 cm. Flower<br />
buds elongate, 6–6.5 × 2.2–2.5 cm. Tepals 9, purple to violet<br />
red, thick and succulent; outer 3 tepals 6–6.5 × ca. 3 cm; inner<br />
tepals slightly smaller. Stamens 1.1–1.5 cm; connective appendage<br />
triangular, ca. 3 mm. Gynoecium ovoid to narrowly ovoid,<br />
ca. 3 × 2 cm, glabrous; carpels 66–68; styles glabrous, 2–3 mm.<br />
Fruit broadly ovoid-oblong, 4–9 × 3.5–6 cm; scar on torus of<br />
perianth and stamens 10–12 × ca. 9 mm; dorsal face of mature<br />
carpels 2.5–3.2 cm for basal ones and 1–2 cm for apical ones,<br />
apex shortly beaked. Seeds ellipsoid to obovoid, 9–14 × 5–8<br />
mm, irregularly shaped.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1300–1900 m. S Yunnan [N<br />
Thailand, Vietnam].<br />
6. Manglietia hookeri Cubitt & W. W. Smith, Rec. Bot. Surv.<br />
India 4: 273. 1913.<br />
中缅木莲 zhong mian mu lian<br />
Magnolia hookeri (Cubitt & W. W. Smith) D. C. S. Raju &<br />
M. P. Nayar.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall, young parts grayish white to pale<br />
brown appressed pilose. Stipular scar obtusely triangular, 2–3<br />
cm. Petiole 3–5 cm; leaf blade elliptic-obovate to narrowly<br />
obovate, 20–30 × 6–10 cm, both surfaces glabrous, secondary<br />
veins 16–20 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins prominent<br />
on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, apex acute to shortly<br />
acuminate. Flowers ca. 10 cm in diam. at anthesis; bract scar 5–<br />
10 mm basal to tepals. Tepals 9–12, white; outer 3 tepals<br />
basally green and apically milky white, obovate-oblong, 6–8 ×<br />
2.5–3 cm; middle and inner tepals thickly obovate to spatulate,<br />
6–8 × 1.5–2.5 cm, fleshy, base clawed. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid to<br />
nearly terete, 7–10 × ca. 6 cm, smooth, not tuberculate; mature<br />
carpels more than 100, rhombic on exposed side, dehiscing<br />
along dorsal suture, apex shortly beaked. Seeds 1–4 per carpel.<br />
Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep. 2n = 38.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1400–3000 m. Guizhou (Wangmo),<br />
C and S Yunnan (Jingdong, Xishuangbanna) [Myanmar, Thailand].<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
7. Manglietia zhengyiana N. H. Xia, sp. nov.<br />
锈毛木莲 xiu mao mu lian<br />
Type: China. Yunnan: Maguan Xian, Laojun Shan (老君<br />
山), Sitaipo (四台坡), alt. 1300–1600 m, 20 Dec 1947, K. M.<br />
Feng 13960 (holotype, KUN; isotypes, A, PE).<br />
Arbor usque ad 25 m alta, trunco usque ad 30 cm diametro,<br />
ramunculis gemmisque indumento denso ferrugineo indutis,<br />
gemmis ellipsoideis 1.3–2 cm longis et 0.5–0.9 cm latis.<br />
Folium petiolo 1.2–1.8 cm longo pilis ferrugineis induto cicatrice<br />
7–10 mm longa; lamina obovata usque elliptica 15–21.5<br />
cm longa et 5.5–9 cm lata acumine 0.6–1.1 cm longo, nervis<br />
utroque costae latere 8 ad 11. Brachyblastus florifer 1.5–2 cm<br />
longus. Flos tepalis albis; androecio pilis longis ferrugineis induto;<br />
carpellis glabris ca. 30, pilis ferrugineis dense indutis.<br />
Brachyblastus fructifer 1.5–3 cm longus et 4–5 mm latus pilis<br />
ferrugineis dense indutus. Fructus cylindraceus 5–8.3 cm longus<br />
et 2–2.8 cm latus.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Branchlets with dense<br />
rust-colored trichomes; vegetative buds ellipsoid, 1.3–2 × 0.5–<br />
0.9 cm, with dense rust-colored trichomes. Stipular scar 7–10<br />
mm. Petiole 1.2–1.8 cm, with rust-colored trichomes; leaf blade<br />
obovate to elliptic, 15–21.5 × 5.5–9 cm, papery to thinly<br />
leathery, abaxially glaucous and with rust-colored trichomes,<br />
adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 8–11 on each side of midvein,<br />
base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate to acute, acumen<br />
0.6–1.1 cm. Brachyblasts 1.5–2 cm. Tepals 9, white; outer tepals<br />
3, oblong, ca. 3 × 2 cm, thinly leathery, outside with rustcolored<br />
trichomes at base; middle and inner tepals slightly<br />
fleshy, shorter and narrower. Stamens many, ca. 1.2 cm; filaments<br />
1.5–2 mm; connectives exserted, with a ca. 1 mm triangular<br />
appendage; anthers ca. 1 cm, thecae distinct. Stamen<br />
scars with long rust-colored trichomes. Carpels ca. 30, with<br />
dense rust-colored trichomes. Fruiting brachyblasts 1.5–3 cm ×<br />
4–5 mm, with dense rust-colored trichomes. Fruit cylindric, 5–<br />
8.3 × 2–2.8 cm; mature carpels 1–1.5 × 0.6–1 cm, dehiscing<br />
along dorsal sutures. Seeds cordate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Forests; 1300–1600 m. SE Yunnan (Maguan, Xichou).<br />
K. M. Feng reported the type as being from “Mar-li-po: Sze-tai-po<br />
(loa-chün-shan),” but modern maps show that Sitaipo is in Dulong Zhen<br />
(都龙镇) in Maguan Xian, on the SW flank of Laojun Shan very close<br />
to the border with Malipo Xian (see: Atlas of roads and kilometers of<br />
Yunnan and neighboring regions (云南及周边地区公路里程地图册)<br />
34. 2008). Feng also misspelled the first character of the mountain name<br />
as “loa” rather than “lao.” Manglietia zhengyiana has been mistakenly<br />
included in M. rufibarbata (FRPS 31: 89. 1996; Fl. Yunnan. 16: 5.<br />
2006) or in M. dandyi (B. L. Chen & H. P. Nooteboom, Ann. Missouri<br />
Bot. Gard. 80: 1037. 1993). Also, see the comment under M. rufibarbata<br />
regarding the paratypes of M. pubipetala.<br />
8. Manglietia ventii N. V. Tiep, Feddes Repert. 91: 560. 1980.<br />
毛果木莲 mao guo mu lian<br />
Magnolia hebecarpa (C. Y. Wu & Y. W. Law) V. S.<br />
Kumar; M. ventii (N. V. Tiep) V. S. Kumar; Manglietia hebecarpa<br />
C. Y. Wu & Y. W. Law.<br />
55
56<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall. Young twigs blackish gray, 2–3.5 mm<br />
in diam., densely appressed tomentulose with short straight<br />
glistening yellowish trichomes, old ones ± gray pubescent to<br />
glabrescent. Stipular scar 1–2 cm. Leaves usually crowded at<br />
apex of twigs; petiole slender, 2.6–3 cm, tomentulose, with<br />
same trichomes as on young twigs, glabrescent; leaf blade<br />
elliptic, broadly elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or obovate, 9–18 ×<br />
2.2–6.5 cm, papery to thinly leathery, abaxially appressed<br />
tomentose with short straight glistening yellowish to silver<br />
trichomes, adaxially glabrous, midvein abaxially elevated and<br />
densely pubescent to glabrescent and adaxially impressed,<br />
secondary veins 12–16 on each side of midvein, fine, abaxially<br />
visible, and adaxially inconspicuous, reticulate veins lax and<br />
faint on both surfaces, base cuneate to obtuse, apex shortly acuminate<br />
to acuminate, acumen 0.3–1.7 cm and sometimes asymmetric.<br />
Flower not seen. Fruiting brachyblasts 10–15 × 4–6<br />
mm, yellowish appressed tomentose, with a bract scar. Pedicel<br />
absent. Fruit ovoid to long globose, 3.5–7 × 2.5–4.5 cm; torus<br />
with 6–9 × ca. 7 mm scar of perianth and stamens; scar of fallen<br />
tepals ca. 10 mm; mature carpels ca. 64, long ovoid, 2–2.2 cm,<br />
erect or recurved, dehiscing along dorsal suture, beak rather<br />
long, 5–7 mm; basalmost carpels ± yellowish pubescent especially<br />
toward base, basally decurrent along torus. Seeds 1–3 per<br />
carpel, subcordate to ovoid, 7–7.5 × 5–6 mm, ± impressed. Fl.<br />
Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
Forests; 800–1200 m. SE Yunnan (Pingbian) [Vietnam].<br />
9. Manglietia insignis (Wallich) Blume, Fl. Javae 19–20(<strong>Magnoliaceae</strong>):<br />
23. 1829.<br />
红花木莲 hong hua mu lian<br />
Magnolia insignis Wallich, Tent. Fl. Napal. 3. 1824; M.<br />
insignis var. angustifolia (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) H. J.<br />
Chowdhery & P. Daniel; M. insignis var. latifolia (J. D. Hooker<br />
& Thomson) H. J. Chowdhery & P. Daniel; M. shangpaensis<br />
Hu; Manglietia insignis var. angustifolia J. D. Hooker & Thomson;<br />
M. insignis var. latifolia J. D. Hooker & Thomson; M.<br />
maguanica Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen; M. rufisyncarpa Y.<br />
W. Law et al.; M. yunnanensis Hu.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 20 cm d.b.h. Twigs glabrous or<br />
nodes ferruginous to yellowish brown pubescent when young.<br />
Stipular scar 0.5–1.2 cm. Petiole 1.8–3.5 cm; leaf blade narrowly<br />
ovate or elliptic, 10–26 × 4–10 cm, leathery, adaxially<br />
glabrous, midvein abaxially reddish brown pubescent or scattered<br />
appressed hispidulous, basal ca. 2/3 tapered to base, apex<br />
acuminate to caudate-acuminate. Brachyblasts thick and strong,<br />
8–10 mm in diam.; bract scar 1, ca. 1 cm basal to tepals. Flowers<br />
fragrant. Tepals 9–12; outer 3 tepals abaxially brown and<br />
adaxially reddish to purplish red, obovate-oblong, ca. 7 cm,<br />
curved outward; middle and inner tepals milky whitish pink,<br />
obovate-spatulate, 5–7 cm, erect, basal ca. 1/4 tapered and<br />
clawed. Stamens 1–1.8 cm; filaments nearly as long as exserted<br />
part of connective; connective exserted and forming a triangular<br />
mucro; thecae slightly distinct. Gynoecium terete, 5–6 cm; carpels<br />
glabrous, abaxially shallowly furrowed. Fruit purplish red<br />
when fresh, ovoid-ellipsoid, 7–12 cm; mature carpels tuberculate,<br />
completely dehiscing along dorsal sutures. Fl. May–Jun, fr.<br />
Aug–Sep. 2n = 38.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 900–1200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou,<br />
SW Hunan, SW Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan [NE India, N Myanmar,<br />
Nepal, Thailand].<br />
“Manglietia carimina Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou,” “M. laojunia Y.<br />
W. Law & R. Z. Zhou,” “M. malipoensis S. C. Yang & Y. W. Law,” “M.<br />
miechangensis Y. W. Law & D. X. Li,” “M. nucifera D. X. Li & R. Z.<br />
Zhou,” “M. paruicula Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou,” “M. tengchongensis S.<br />
C. Yang & Y. W. Law,” and “M. zhengkangensis R. Z. Zhou & D. X. Li”<br />
(in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 126, 158, 166, 173, 176, 184, 196, 204.<br />
2004) belong here but were not validly published because no Latin<br />
descriptions or diagnoses were provided and no types were indicated<br />
(Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
10. Manglietia hongheensis Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen, Bull.<br />
Bot. Res., Harbin 23: 129. 2003.<br />
红河木莲 hong he mu lian<br />
Magnolia hongheensis (Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen) V. S.<br />
Kumar.<br />
Trees, 10–15 m tall. Old twigs robust, 1.1–1.5 cm in<br />
diam., sparsely lenticellate; young twigs densely rust-colored<br />
appressed hispid. Stipular scar 7–8 mm. Petiole ca. 3.3 cm,<br />
densely rust-colored appressed hispid; leaf blade oblong, ca. 21<br />
× 11 cm, leathery, abaxially densely rust-colored appressed<br />
hispid (visible under hand lens), adaxially glabrous, midvein<br />
abaxially prominent and adaxially impressed, secondary veins<br />
12–14 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins adaxially conspicuous,<br />
base rounded, margin slightly involute, apex obtuse to<br />
emarginate. Flowers not seen. Fruiting brachyblasts 2.3–2.4 ×<br />
ca. 0.7 cm, smooth, sparsely lenticellate. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid<br />
to cylindric, 10–11 × ca. 4.4 cm; mature carpels ca. 100, ellipsoid,<br />
1.9–2 cm, glabrous, tuberculate, dehiscing along dorsal<br />
and ventral sutures, apex shortly beaked. Seeds 2–5 per carpel,<br />
irregularly polygonal, smooth; testa red. Fr. Oct.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1900–2600 m. SE Yunnan<br />
(Lüchun, Yuanyang).<br />
11. Manglietia caveana J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1:<br />
76. 1855.<br />
西藏木莲 xi zang mu lian<br />
Magnolia caveana (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) D. C. S.<br />
Raju & M. P. Nayar; M. tibetica V. S. Kumar; Manglietia<br />
microtricha Y. W. Law; M. tenuifolia Hung T. Chang & B. L.<br />
Chen.<br />
Trees, 30–40 m tall, 40–60 cm d.b.h. Twigs thick and<br />
strong, 6–10 mm in diam.; vegetative buds orangish red appressed<br />
pubescent. Stipular scar 1/3–1/2 as long as petiole.<br />
Leaves usually 6–9 clustered on apex of twigs; petiole 2–2.5<br />
cm; leaf blade obovate, 13–17 × 5–7 cm, leathery, abaxially<br />
grayish white, adaxially glabrous, midvein adaxially impressed,<br />
secondary veins 15–17 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins<br />
fine, dense, and prominent on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate,<br />
apex shortly acute. Flowers not seen; bract scar 1, just<br />
basal to tepals. Fruiting peduncle 1.5–2 cm, glabrous. Fruit<br />
ovoid, ca. 6 × 4 cm, usually curved because of carpels partly<br />
undeveloped; mature carpels abaxially narrowly elliptic, tuber-
culate, brownish appressed pilose and pale brown appressed<br />
finely pilose, apex with a ca. 3 mm beak. Seeds pale brown. Fr.<br />
Sep–Oct.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; ca. 2000 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog),<br />
SE Yunnan (Maguan) [NE India, Myanmar].<br />
12. Manglietia patungensis Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 335.<br />
1951.<br />
巴东木莲 ba dong mu lian<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall, to 1.4 m d.b.h. Bark pale grayish<br />
brown and reddish. Twigs grayish brown. Stipular scar 1/7–1/5<br />
as long as petiole. Petiole 2.5–3 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic,<br />
14–18(–20) × 3.5–7 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous,<br />
abaxially pale green, adaxially green and glossy, midvein abaxially<br />
prominent, secondary veins 13–15 on each side of midvein,<br />
base cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate. Flowers 8.5–11 cm in<br />
diam., fragrant. Peduncle ca. 1.5 cm; bract scar 1, 5–10 mm<br />
basal to tepals. Tepals 9, white; outer 3 tepals narrowly oblong,<br />
4.5–6 × 1.5–2.5 cm, nearly leathery, apex obtuse; middle and<br />
inner tepals obovate, 4.5–5.5 × 2–3.5 cm, fleshy. Stamens 6–8<br />
mm; anthers purplish red, 5–6 mm; connective exserted and<br />
forming a ca. 1 mm mucro; thecae adnate at base, sometimes<br />
apex slightly free. Gynoecium conic, ca. 2 cm; carpels not<br />
abaxially furrowed; ovules 4–8 per carpel. Fruit pale purplish<br />
red, terete-ellipsoid, 5–9 × 2.5–3 cm; mature carpels dotted on<br />
exposed side. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct.<br />
● Forests; 600–1000 m. Chongqing, W Hubei, NW Hunan, E Sichuan.<br />
This species is used medicinally.<br />
13. Manglietia szechuanica Hu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol.,<br />
Bot. 10: 117. 1940.<br />
四川木莲 si chuan mu lian<br />
Magnolia figlarii V. S. Kumar (2006), not M. szechuanica<br />
(Dandy) Figlar (2000).<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h. Older twigs grayish<br />
yellow; young twigs green, densely villous, hairs gradually<br />
deciduous, only residual at nodes. Stipular scar 4–6(–9) cm.<br />
Petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, white villous; leaf blade narrowly obovate<br />
to obovate, 11–20 × 3–6 cm, lower ca. 1/3 tapered, abaxially<br />
pale green and pale brown pubescent, adaxially deep green and<br />
glabrous, midvein white villous, secondary veins 13–16 on each<br />
side, reticulate veins sparse and prominent on both surfaces<br />
when dry, base cuneate, apex acuminate to shortly caudate.<br />
Flower buds ovoid; bract scar 1, 3–6 mm basal to tepals. Tepals<br />
9, purplish red; outer 3 tepals pale green and usually flushed<br />
purplish, obovate, 5.5–6.5 × ca. 3 cm, sparsely villous; middle<br />
and inner tepals purplish red, 4–5.5 × 2.5–3 cm but inner ones<br />
smaller. Stamens 1.2–2 cm; filaments deep red, ca. 1 mm; connective<br />
exserted and forming a ca. 1 mm triangular mucro; anthers<br />
ca. 1 cm, introrse. Gynoecium ovoid-ellipsoid, 2–2.5 cm;<br />
carpels pale green, narrowly ellipsoid, 0.8–1 cm, densely<br />
shortly brown tomentose; styles pale red, ca. 3 mm. Fruit ovoid,<br />
8–10 cm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1300–2000 m. C and S Sichuan,<br />
N Yunnan.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
14. Manglietia chevalieri Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 204. 1930.<br />
睦南木莲 mu nan mu lian<br />
Magnolia chevalieri (Dandy) V. S. Kumar.<br />
Trees, to 10 m tall. Bark grayish brown. Perules, young<br />
twigs, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, petioles, and stipular scars<br />
with pale reddish brown appressed trichomes. Young twigs<br />
green. Stipular scar semi-orbicular to semi-elliptic, 1/10–1/5 as<br />
long as petiole. Petiole 1.5–3 cm; leaf blade obovate to narrowly<br />
obovate, 10–18(–20) × 3.5–5(–6.5) cm, leathery, adaxially<br />
glabrous, secondary veins 10–18 on each side of midvein,<br />
base cuneate, apex cuspidate to shortly caudate. Tepals 9, in 3<br />
whorls; outer (2 or)3 tepals oblong-elliptic, ca. 7.5 × 3 cm, thin,<br />
abaxially greenish; tepals of inner 2 whorls white and slightly<br />
yellowish, obovate, fleshy, base gradually tapered and forming<br />
a long claw; inner tepals smaller and narrower. Stamens 6–9<br />
mm; connective exserted and forming a ca. 1.5 mm mucro.<br />
Gynoecium terete, ca. 1.7 × 1 cm; carpels narrowly obovoid, ca.<br />
6 mm, exposed part of apical ones shallowly furrowed; ovules<br />
8–10 per carpel, stalked. Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, 5–9 × ca. 4<br />
cm. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Forests. S Yunnan [N Laos, Vietnam].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
15. Manglietia duclouxii Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot.<br />
France 52(Mém. 4): 33. 1906.<br />
川滇木莲 chuan dian mu lian<br />
Magnolia duclouxii (Finet & Gagnepain) Hu in Hu &<br />
Chun, Icon. Pl. Sin. 2: 18. 1929.<br />
Trees, to 6 m tall. Twigs glabrous. Stipular scar ca. 1/3 as<br />
long as petiole. Petiole 1–2.3 cm, adaxially deeply furrowed;<br />
leaf blade narrowly obovate to obovate-narrowly elliptic, 8–13<br />
× 2.5–4 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous, adaxially deep green,<br />
midvein impressed and abaxially grayish green, reticulate veins<br />
inconspicuous, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Peduncle glabrous;<br />
spathaceous bract 1, next to tepals. Tepals 9, fleshy;<br />
outer 3 tepals red, abaxially tuberculate; tepals of inner 2 whorls<br />
purplish red, obovate, 2.8–4.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, transversely<br />
veined, clawed, base thickened. Stamens 1–1.2 cm; filaments<br />
short and broad, 1–1.5 mm; connective exserted and forming a<br />
2–3 mm triangular mucro; anthers 6–7 mm, thecae slightly distinct<br />
and dehiscent introrsely. Gynoecium narrowly ellipsoid,<br />
7–8 mm, villous; ovules 5 per carpel; styles 2–3 mm. Fruit<br />
ovoid-ellipsoid, 5–6 cm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1300–2000 m. Guangxi, SE Sichuan,<br />
NE Yunnan [N Vietnam].<br />
This species is used medicinally.<br />
16. Manglietia crassipes Y. W. Law, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin<br />
2(4): 133. 1982.<br />
粗梗木莲 cu geng mu lian<br />
Magnolia crassipes (Y. W. Law) V. S. Kumar.<br />
Trees or shrubs, to 4 m tall. Twigs, vegetative buds, and<br />
abaxial surfaces of leaf blade glaucous. Twigs thick and strong,<br />
57
58<br />
0.6–10 mm in diam. Stipular scar ca. 1/6 as long as petiole.<br />
Petiole thick and strong, 3–3.5 cm × 2–2.5 mm; leaf blade<br />
narrowly obovate to obovate-elliptic, 13–26 × 5–8 cm, leathery,<br />
abaxially glaucous, adaxially green, midvein adaxially slightly<br />
prominent to flat, secondary and reticulate veins prominent on<br />
both surfaces when dry, secondary veins 8–14 on each side of<br />
midvein, reticulate veins sparse, base broadly cuneate, apex<br />
shortly acute. Peduncle thick and strong, 3.5–4 cm; spathaceous<br />
bract 1, thin. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls, white; outer 3 tepals obovate-oblong,<br />
3.5–4 × 2–2.5 cm, thin, 5-striated; tepals of inner 2<br />
whorls thick, fleshy. Stamens numerous, 1–1.5 cm; connective<br />
exserted, triangular, 2–3 mm; anthers 8–9 mm. Gynoecium<br />
ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 1.8 cm. Fruiting peduncle thick and strong,<br />
4.5–5.5 × ca. 1 cm. Fruit ovoid, 5–6 × 4–5 cm; mature carpels<br />
ellipsoid, 1.5–2 cm, dehiscing into 2 valves along both ventral<br />
and dorsal sutures, apex shortly beaked. Fl. May, fr. Sep. 2n =<br />
38*.<br />
● Forests; ca. 1300 m. Guangxi (Jinxiu).<br />
17. Manglietia pachyphylla Hung T. Chang, Acta Sci. Nat.<br />
Univ. Sunyatseni 1: 55. 1961.<br />
厚叶木莲 hou ye mu lian<br />
Trees, to 16 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish black.<br />
Twigs thick and strong, glaucous and glabrous; vegetative buds<br />
pale yellow to dark brown villous. Stipular scar 2–3 mm. Petiole<br />
thick and strong, 3–5 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to obovate-oblong,<br />
12–32 × 6–10 cm, thickly leathery, rigid, both surfaces<br />
glabrous, abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green and<br />
glossy, secondary veins 12–14 on each side of midvein and<br />
inconspicuous on both surfaces, reticulate veins inconspicuous,<br />
base cuneate, apex acute. Peduncle thick and strong, ca. 1 cm in<br />
diam., glabrous; bract scar 1, ca. 5 mm basal to tepals. Flowers<br />
fragrant. Tepals 9(or 10), white; outer 3 tepals obovate, 7–8 ×<br />
3–3.5 cm; middle 3 tepals obovate, 5.5–6 cm, fleshy; inner 3(or<br />
4) tepals obovate, ca. 5 × 2.5 cm, fleshy, base narrowed and<br />
forming a claw; innermost tepal narrower and longer, ca. 5.5 ×<br />
2 cm. Stamens ca. 1.2 cm; filaments ca. 1 mm, basally connate;<br />
connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers ca. 1 cm.<br />
Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 2.2 × 1.8 cm; carpels ca. 5 mm; ovules<br />
10–12 per carpel; styles 1–2 mm. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 7 × 4.5 cm;<br />
mature carpels 38–46, 2–2.5 cm, abaxially furrowed, apex<br />
shortly beaked. Seeds 3 or 4, orbicular, 5–6 mm. Fl. May, fr.<br />
Sep–Oct.<br />
● Montane forests; 800–1500 m. SC Guangdong.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
18. Manglietia fordiana Oliver, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 20: t. 1953.<br />
1891.<br />
木莲 mu lian<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall, to 45 cm d.b.h. Bark pale grayish<br />
brown. Young twigs and vegetative buds reddish brown pubescent,<br />
later glabrescent. Stipular scar semi-elliptic, 3–5 mm. Petiole<br />
1–3(–4.5) cm, base slightly swollen; leaf blade narrowly<br />
obovate, narrowly elliptic-obovate, or rarely narrowly elliptic,<br />
8–17(–20) × 2.5–5.5(–9.5) cm, leathery or thinly leathery, abaxially<br />
sparsely reddish brown pubescent, secondary veins 8–17<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
on each side of midvein, reticulate veins conspicuous or inconspicuous<br />
on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate and decurrent<br />
along petiole, margin slightly involute and wavy or not wavy,<br />
apex acute to acuminate. Peduncle 5–11(–40) × 4–10 mm, with<br />
1 annular bract scar, with or without reddish brown pubescence.<br />
Tepals 9, 3 per whorl, white; outer 3 tepals slightly thinner,<br />
oblong-elliptic, broadly ovate or obovate, 5–7 × 3–4 cm, nearly<br />
leathery; tepals of inner 2 whorls obovate, 4–6 × 2–3 cm,<br />
usually fleshy. Stamens red, ca. 1 cm; connective forming an<br />
obtuse mucro; anthers ca. 8 mm. Gynoecium 1.5–2.5 cm,<br />
smooth; carpels 18–32, basal ones 5–10 × 3–5 mm, middle<br />
ones ca. 5 mm wide on exposed side; ovules 5–10 per carpel;<br />
styles inconspicuous or to 1 mm. Fruit brown, ovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid,<br />
2–6 cm; mature carpels with dot-protuberance on<br />
exposed side, apex with or without a ca. 1 mm beak. Seeds<br />
slightly flat, 7–8 × 5–6 mm; testa red. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Hills, forests, beside rivers; 300–1200 m. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong,<br />
Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang<br />
[Vietnam].<br />
This species is used medicinally and for timber.<br />
1a. Leaf blade leathery, reticulate veins<br />
inconspicuous on both surfaces when dry,<br />
margin not wavy; peduncle with reddish<br />
brown trichomes; outer tepals oblong-<br />
elliptic; carpel with ca. 1 mm beak ........ 18a. var. fordiana<br />
1b. Leaf blade thinly leathery, reticulate<br />
veins conspicuous on both surfaces<br />
when dry, margin wavy; peduncle<br />
glabrous; outer tepals broadly ovate<br />
to obovate; carpel without a beak .... 18b. var. hainanensis<br />
18a. Manglietia fordiana var. fordiana<br />
木莲(原变种) mu lian (yuan bian zhong)<br />
Magnolia fordiana (Oliver) Hu; M. yuyuanensis (Y. W.<br />
Law) V. S. Kumar; Manglietia yuyuanensis Y. W. Law; Paramanglietia<br />
microcarpa Hung T. Chang.<br />
Leaf blade leathery, reticulate veins inconspicuous on both<br />
surfaces when dry, margin not wavy. Peduncle with reddish<br />
brown trichomes. Outer tepals oblong-elliptic. Carpel with a ca.<br />
1 mm beak. Fl. May, fr. Oct. 2n = 38.<br />
Hills; ca. 1200 m. S Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,<br />
Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Vietnam].<br />
This taxon is used medicinally and for timber.<br />
18b. Manglietia fordiana var. hainanensis (Dandy) N. H. Xia,<br />
comb. et stat. nov.<br />
海南木莲 hai nan mu lian<br />
Basionym: Manglietia hainanensis Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 204.<br />
1930; M. albistaminea Y. W. Law et al.<br />
Leaf blade thinly leathery, reticulate veins conspicuous on<br />
both surfaces when dry, margin wavy. Peduncle glabrous. Outer<br />
tepals broadly ovate to obovate. Carpel without a beak. Fl. Apr–<br />
May, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Forests, beside rivers; 300–1200 m. Hainan.
“Manglietia albistaminata Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” and “M.<br />
renzhangii Y. W. Law” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 122, 187. 2004)<br />
belong here but were not validly published because no Latin descriptions<br />
or diagnoses were provided and no types were indicated (Vienna<br />
Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1). “Manglietia albistaminata” was subsequently<br />
validly published as M. albistaminea.<br />
This taxon is used for timber.<br />
19. Manglietia forrestii W. W. Smith ex Dandy, Notes Roy.<br />
Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 16: 126. 1928.<br />
滇桂木莲 dian gui mu lian<br />
Magnolia fordiana (Oliver) Hu var. forrestii (W. W. Smith<br />
ex Dandy) V. S. Kumar; Manglietia fordiana Oliver var. forrestii<br />
(W. W. Smith ex Dandy) B. L. Chen & Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall, ca. 30 cm d.b.h. Young twigs, buds,<br />
petioles, abaxial base of outer tepals, and peduncles reddish<br />
brown appressed glossy villous. Stipular scars 3–10 mm.<br />
Petiole 1–3 cm; leaf blade obovate to oblong-obovate, 11–20 ×<br />
5–9.5 cm, leathery, abaxially sparsely covered with reddish<br />
brown erect trichomes, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 12–<br />
16 on each side of midvein, base cuneate to broadly cuneate,<br />
apex abruptly acute to acuminate. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 9(or<br />
10), white; outer 3 tepals oblong-obovate, 4.5–7 cm; tepals of<br />
inner 2 whorls obovate, ca. 4.5 cm, thickly fleshy, glabrous;<br />
inner 3 tepals smaller. Stamens 1.1–1.5 cm; connective exserted,<br />
obtuse; anthers ca. 1 cm, ± distinct or only connate at<br />
base. Gynophore 1–2.5 cm. Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 2.5 cm; carpels<br />
glabrous. Fruit ovoid, 4–6 cm; mature carpels densely<br />
tuberculate, dehiscent along dorsal and ventral sutures, apex<br />
shortly beaked. Seeds black, abaxially with several furrows,<br />
ventral furrow impressed, base sharp. Fl. Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Forests; 1100–2900 m. SW Guangxi, S and W Yunnan.<br />
One of the co-authors (Nooteboom) considers that this taxon<br />
would be better treated as a variety of Manglietia (Magnolia) fordiana.<br />
This species is used for timber.<br />
20. Manglietia calcarea X. H. Song, J. Nanjing Inst. Forest.<br />
1984(4): 46. 1984.<br />
石山木莲 shi shan mu lian<br />
Magnolia fordiana (Oliver) Hu var. calcarea (X. H. Song)<br />
V. S. Kumar; Manglietia fordiana Oliver var. calcarea (X. H.<br />
Song) B. L. Chen & Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, to 14 m tall, ca. 35 cm d.b.h., glabrous except for<br />
stipules. Young twigs 5–7 mm in diam. Stipules densely<br />
covered with straight appressed brown trichomes, adnate to<br />
base of petiole, scars 4–5 mm. Petiole 2.8–3.8 cm, dilated<br />
toward base; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to narrowly obovate,<br />
14.5–20 × 3.5–7 cm, leathery and rigid, adaxially dark green,<br />
midrib abaxially prominent and adaxially impressed, secondary<br />
veins 14–17 on each side of midvein, abaxially visible to<br />
slightly prominent, and adaxially inconspicuous, base attenuatecuneate,<br />
apex rounded with a 6–10(–14) mm acumen. Peduncle<br />
5–8(–20) × 5–6 mm. Tepals 9, white; outer 3 tepals obovateelliptic,<br />
ca. 6.2 × 2.5 cm, apex rounded; inner tepals spatulate,<br />
4.5–5.5(–6) cm. Stamens many, ca. 1.2 cm; filament ca. 2 mm;<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
connective exserted into a triangular ca. 1.8 mm tip. Perianth<br />
and stamens scar band 8–14 × 5–6 mm. Gynoecium broadly<br />
ellipsoid, 1.6–2 × ca. 1 cm; carpels 12–16(–30); ovules ca. 7 per<br />
carpel. Fruiting gynophore 9–11 × ca. 6 mm. Fruit ovoid to<br />
ovoid-globose, ca. 6 × 5 cm; mature carpels woody, dorsal face<br />
elliptic, dehiscent along dorsal suture; perianth and stamens<br />
scar band 1.2–1.3 × 0.7–0.8 cm. Seeds 2–5 per carpel, oblong,<br />
8–10 × 5–6 mm.<br />
● Forest margins, limestone areas; 600–800 m. Guizhou.<br />
One of the co-authors (Nooteboom) considers that this taxon<br />
would be better treated as a variety of Manglietia (Magnolia) fordiana.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
21. Manglietia obovalifolia C. Y. Wu & Y. W. Law, Acta<br />
Phytotax. Sin. 34: 89. 1996.<br />
倒卵叶木莲 dao luan ye mu lian<br />
Magnolia obovalifolia (C. Y. Wu & Y. W. Law) V. S.<br />
Kumar.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 50 cm d.b.h. Twigs 3–4 mm in<br />
diam., glabrous. Stipular scar 2–3 mm. Petiole 1.5–2 cm, glabrous,<br />
adaxially furrowed; leaf blade obovate, 6–11 × 3–6 cm,<br />
thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, midvein adaxially impressed,<br />
secondary veins 9–11 on each side of midvein, reticulate<br />
veins prominent on both surfaces when dry, base broadly<br />
cuneate and slightly decurrent, margin slightly reflexed, apex<br />
cuspidate with a 5–10 mm mucro. Flower buds ovoid, 3–4 cm.<br />
Peduncle 1–1.5 cm, glabrous, with a bract scar; spathaceous<br />
bract 1, just next to tepals, tuberculate, glabrous, dehiscing<br />
along one side. Tepals 9, fleshy; outer 3 tepals ovate, 3–3.5 ×<br />
ca. 1.5 cm; tepals of inner 2 whorls smaller. Gynoecium narrowly<br />
ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 × 0.8 cm; carpels conspicuously<br />
with 2 or 3 series, tuberculate, furrowed along dorsal suture,<br />
furrow not reaching to style apex; ovules ca. 6 per carpel; styles<br />
5–6 mm. Fruit not seen. Fl. Apr–May.<br />
● Forests; 1400–1500 m. S Guizhou, SE Yunnan.<br />
22. Manglietia oblonga Y. W. Law et al., Ann. Bot. Fenn. 43:<br />
64. 2006.<br />
椭圆叶木莲 tuo yuan ye mu lian<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall, to 40 cm d.b.h. Bark blackish brown.<br />
Vegetative buds, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, flower<br />
buds, and peduncles golden yellow appressed pubescent. Twigs<br />
pale green when young, brown when old. Stipular scar ca. 6<br />
mm. Petiole 2–2.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, 13–20 × 3.5–<br />
4.5 cm, leathery, secondary veins 12–15 on each side of midvein,<br />
base cuneate, apex acuminate. Tepals 9, outer 3 pale green<br />
and thinner, inner 6 white and fleshy, transversely wavy striate;<br />
tepals of middle whorl 3, ovate, 4.5–5.5 × 2.5–3.5 cm; innermost<br />
3 tepals long ovate, 4–5 × 2–3 cm. Stamens numerous,<br />
red, 6–7 mm; connective exserted and forming a triangular<br />
mucro; anthers 5–6 mm. Gynoecium ovoid; carpels 14 or 15,<br />
long ovoid, ca. 7 mm, brownish pubescent; styles white. Fruit<br />
not seen. Fl. Apr–May.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 800–1200 m. Guangxi (Lingui,<br />
Xing’an).<br />
59
60<br />
23. Manglietia kwangtungensis (Merrill) Dandy, Bull. Misc.<br />
Inform. Kew 1927: 264. 1927.<br />
毛桃木莲 mao tao mu lian<br />
Magnolia kwangtungensis Merrill, J. Arnold Arbor. 8: 5.<br />
1927; M. fordiana (Oliver) Hu var. kwangtungensis (Merrill) V.<br />
S. Kumar; M. moto (Dandy) V. S. Kumar; Manglietia fordiana<br />
Oliver var. kwangtungensis (Merrill) B. L. Chen & Nooteboom;<br />
M. moto Dandy.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h. Bark deep gray, with<br />
several lenticels transversely arranged or linked into pieces.<br />
Young twigs, vegetative buds, petioles, young leaf blades, and<br />
fruiting peduncles densely rust-colored tomentose. Stipules<br />
narrowly ovate, ca. 6 × 1.2 cm, ferruginous tomentose, scar<br />
narrowly triangular, ca. 1/3 as long as petiole. Petiole 2–4 cm,<br />
apical part narrowly furrowed; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, narrowly<br />
obovate-elliptic, or narrowly obovate, 12–25 × 4–8 cm,<br />
leathery, abaxially ferruginous tomentose especially along midvein,<br />
adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 10–15 on each side of<br />
midvein, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acute to acuminate.<br />
Flowers fragrant. Peduncle 6–12 cm. Tepals 9, milky<br />
white; outer 3 tepals nearly oblong, 6.5–7.5 cm, leathery;<br />
middle 3 tepals obovate, 6.5–7 × 3.5–4 cm, thickly fleshy; inner<br />
3 tepals obovate-spoon-shaped, 6–6.5 × 2–2.5 cm, thickly<br />
fleshy. Stamens red, 1.1–1.3 cm; connective exserted 1.5–2<br />
mm, apex mucronate; anthers ca. 1 cm. Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 2<br />
× 1.5 cm; basal carpels narrowly ellipsoid, 10–12 × ca. 3 mm<br />
(including style), dorsally 4–6-ridged, glabrous; apical carpels<br />
abaxially shallowly furrowed, apex sharply long acuminate;<br />
ovules 6–8 per carpel. Fruit ovoid, 5–7 × 3.5–6 cm; mature<br />
carpels abaxially tuberculate, apex with a 2–3 mm beak. Fl.<br />
May–Jun, fr. Aug–Dec.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests, on acidic yellow soil; 400–1200<br />
m. S Fujian, Guangdong, W Guangxi, S Hunan.<br />
This species is used for timber.<br />
24. Manglietia rufibarbata Dandy, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.<br />
Edinburgh 16: 128. 1928.<br />
毛瓣木莲 mao ban mu lian<br />
Magnolia rufibarbata (Dandy) V. S. Kumar; Manglietia<br />
pubipetala Q. W. Zeng.<br />
Trees to 20 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish brown.<br />
Young twigs, vegetative buds, stipules, petioles, young leaf<br />
blades, and fruiting peduncles densely rust-colored tomentose.<br />
Stipules adnate to petiole; scar as long as 1/3–1/2 of petiole.<br />
Petiole 2–2.5 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong, 18–24 × 7–8 cm,<br />
thinly leathery, basal ca. 1/2 gradually narrower, abaxially with<br />
dense rust-colored trichomes, adaxially glabrous, base broadly<br />
cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate. Flower buds ovoid, ca. 3.5 ×<br />
2 cm. Peduncle ca. 2.5 cm. Tepals 12; outer 3 tepals pale green,<br />
oblong, ca. 3.8 × 2 cm, rust-colored tomentose; middle 3 tepals<br />
white, ca. 3.2 × 2.3 cm, fleshy, base rust-colored tomentose;<br />
inner 6 tepals spatulate, ca. 3 × 1.6 cm, fleshy. Stamens many,<br />
red, abaxially sparsely hirsute; filaments 1–1.5 mm; connective<br />
exserted, with a ca. 1 mm triangular appendage; anthers ca. 1<br />
cm, thecae distinct and ca. 1 mm wide. Gynoecium obovoid, ca.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
2 × 1.5 cm, densely rust-colored hirsute; carpels many; ovules<br />
5–8 per carpel. Mature fruit unknown. Fl. May.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; ca. 1500 m. Yunnan (Maguan)<br />
[Vietnam].<br />
Although the holotype of Manglietia pubipetala is conspecific<br />
with M. rufibarbata, the paratypes (T. X. Gao & D. Q. Zhu 05, Q. W.<br />
Zeng 67) are conspecific with M. zhengyiana.<br />
25. Manglietia longipedunculata Q. W. Zeng & Y. W. Law,<br />
Ann. Bot. Fenn. 41: 151. 2004.<br />
长梗木莲 chang geng mu lian<br />
Magnolia longipedunculata (Q. W. Zeng & Y. W. Law) V.<br />
S. Kumar.<br />
Trees, to 15 cm tall, to 50 cm d.b.h. Bark blackish brown.<br />
Vegetative buds, young twigs, petioles, peduncles, and leaf<br />
blade abaxial surfaces reddish brown erect villous. Twigs green<br />
when young, brown when old. Stipular scar 7–8 mm. Petiole<br />
2.5–3.5 cm, furrowed; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 13–<br />
19(–22) × 5–7 cm, thickly leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially<br />
dark green, midvein abaxially prominent, secondary veins<br />
13 or 14 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex shortly<br />
acuminate to acuminate. Peduncle 5.5–6 cm, slender. Flowers<br />
fragrant. Tepals 9 or 11(or 12); outer 3 tepals elliptic, 10–10.5 ×<br />
ca. 4 cm, abaxially pale green, adaxially white, 5-veined; middle<br />
3 tepals white, obovate-elliptic, 8–9 × ca. 3.5 cm, thickly<br />
fleshy; inner 3 tepals white, obovate-spatulate, 7–8 × 2.5–3 cm,<br />
thickly fleshy. Stamens numerous, red, ca. 2.5 cm; filaments<br />
purplish red, ca. 3 mm; connective red, exserted and forming a<br />
semiorbicular mucro; anthers yellow, ca. 2 cm. Gynoecium pale<br />
yellowish green, ovoid, ca. 3.5 × 3 cm; carpels 50–60; ovules 3<br />
or 4 per carpel; styles lanceolate, slightly curved; stigmas pale<br />
red, glabrous. Fruiting peduncle 5.5–6 cm. Fruit ovoid; mature<br />
carpels thickly woody, tuberculate, dehiscing along dorsal suture.<br />
Seeds compressed ovoid. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 700–800 m. Guangdong<br />
(Longmen).<br />
26. Manglietia conifera Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 205. 1930.<br />
桂南木莲 gui nan mu lian<br />
Magnolia conifera (Dandy) V. S. Kumar; M. conifera var.<br />
chingii (Dandy) V. S. Kumar; Manglietia chingii Dandy; M.<br />
conifera subsp. chingii (Dandy) J. Li; M. tenuipes Dandy.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall. Bark gray and smooth. Vegetative buds<br />
and young twigs reddish brown pubescent. Stipular scar 3–5<br />
mm. Petiole 2–3 cm, narrowly furrowed, at first appressed<br />
villous; leaf blade narrowly obovate to narrowly obovate-elliptic,<br />
12–15 × 2–5 cm, leathery, abaxially at first grayish green<br />
and hispidulous or glaucous, adaxially glabrous, secondary<br />
veins 12–14 on each side of midvein, base narrowly cuneate to<br />
cuneate, apex shortly acuminate to rotund. Peduncle 4–7 cm,<br />
slender, pendulous, with 1 bract scar basal to tepals. Flower<br />
buds ovoid. Tepals 9 or 11, 3 per whorl; outer 3 tepals usually<br />
green, elliptic, 4–5 × 2.5–2.8 cm, thinner, apex rotund; middle 3<br />
tepals obovate-elliptic, 5–5.5 × 2.5–3 cm, fleshy; inner 3 or 4<br />
tepals pure white, obovate-spoon-shaped, 4–4.5 × 1.5–2 cm,
fleshy. Stamens 1.5–2 cm; connective exserted and forming a<br />
triangular mucro; anthers 8–9 mm. Gynoecium 1.5–2 cm; basal<br />
carpels 0.8–1 cm, abaxially 3- or 4-furrowed; styles ca. 2 mm.<br />
Fruit ovoid, 4–5 cm; mature carpels tuberculate, apex shortly<br />
beaked; endotesta dotted. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Hills, wet places in valleys; 700–1300 m. N Guangdong, Guangxi,<br />
SE Guizhou, S Hunan, SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental. It is used medicinally and<br />
for timber.<br />
27. Manglietia ovoidea Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta<br />
Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1988(1): 108. 1988.<br />
卵果木莲 luan guo mu lian<br />
Magnolia ovoidea (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) V. S.<br />
Kumar.<br />
Trees, to 10 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Twigs robust, at first<br />
with rust-colored trichomes but glabrescent. Stipular scar ca.<br />
1/2 as long as petiole. Petiole at first with rust-colored trichomes;<br />
leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 13–14 ×<br />
4–5 cm, leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green,<br />
midvein adaxially impressed, secondary and reticulate veins inconspicuous,<br />
base cuneate, apex shortly acute. Peduncle with<br />
trichomes, 1.5–2 cm. Tepals 11, pale yellowish green, fleshy;<br />
outer 3 tepals obovate, ca. 3.5 × 2.4 cm; innermost 2 tepals<br />
purplish, spatulate-obovate. Stamens numerous. Gynoecium<br />
broadly ovoid to subglobose, 3.2–3.6 cm. Fruiting peduncle<br />
with trichomes, 2.7–3.2 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid, abaxially<br />
papillate. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct–Nov.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1700–2000 m. Guangxi, SE<br />
Yunnan.<br />
28. Manglietia glaucifolia Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Guihaia 6:<br />
263. 1986.<br />
苍背木莲 cang bei mu lian<br />
Trees, to 8 m tall. Twigs yellowish brown, glabrous; vegetative<br />
buds glabrous. Stipular scar 1/3–1/2 as long as petiole.<br />
Petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf blade narrowly obovate to narrowly<br />
elliptic, 9–18 × 2–3.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially<br />
glaucous, adaxially deep green, midvein adaxially impressed,<br />
secondary and reticulate veins inconspicuous, secondary veins<br />
10–15 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex acuminate.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Peduncle ca. 4 cm. Tepals 9, white; tepals of outer whorls 3,<br />
oblong-obovate, 4–5 cm; tepals of inner whorls 6, obovate to<br />
obovate-spoon-shaped, fleshy. Stamens numerous, 1–1.5 cm;<br />
connective thick, exserted, apically tapered triangular; anthers<br />
8–10 mm. Gynoecium ellipsoid, 1.6–2 cm; carpels numerous;<br />
ovules 10 per carpel. Fruiting peduncle 4–6 cm. Fruit ovoid,<br />
4.5–5 cm, pendulous; mature carpels ellipsoid, 1.5–2 cm, abaxially<br />
papillate, apex shortly beaked. Seeds heart-shaped, ca. 7 ×<br />
5 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug.<br />
● Forests; 1500–1600 m. Guizhou.<br />
29. Manglietia decidua Q. Y. Zheng, J. Nanjing Forest. Univ.<br />
19(1): 46. 1995.<br />
落叶木莲 luo ye mu lian<br />
Magnolia decidua (Q. Y. Zheng) V. S. Kumar; Sinomanglietia<br />
glauca Z. X. Yu & Q. Y. Zheng.<br />
Trees, deciduous, to 15 m tall, to 45 cm d.b.h. Bark<br />
grayish white. Twigs purple, smooth, scattered with white suborbicular<br />
lenticels; vegetative buds subglabrous. Stipular scar<br />
1/4–1/2 as long as petiole. Leaves often clustered on apex of<br />
branches; petiole 2.5–4.5(–6) cm; leaf blade narrowly obovate,<br />
narrowly elliptic, or elliptic, ca. 20 × 3.5–7 cm, papery, abaxially<br />
with gray and white trichomes but later glabrescent, adaxially<br />
dark green and smooth, midvein adaxially slightly impressed,<br />
secondary veins 9–12 on each side of midvein, base<br />
cuneate, margin slightly revolute, apex obtuse to shortly acute.<br />
Flower buds narrowly ovoid, subtended by a spathaceous bract.<br />
Peduncle ca. 1 cm, at first with trichomes but later glabrescent.<br />
Tepals 15 or 16, in 5 or 6 whorls, pale yellow, lanceolate to narrowly<br />
obovate, becoming shorter and narrower inward, glabrous;<br />
outer 3 tepals 7–7.4 × 1.8–2 cm; innermost 3 or 4 tepals<br />
5.5–6 × 0.3–0.8 cm. Stamens 54–60, 6–7 mm; filaments ca. 1<br />
mm; connective exserted and forming a ca. 1 mm triangular<br />
mucro; anthers 4–5 mm. Gynoecium sessile, long ovoid, ca. 1<br />
cm; carpels 15–22; ovules 6–8 per carpel. Fruiting peduncle ca.<br />
1.6 cm. Fruit reddish brown when fresh but pale brown when<br />
dry, ovoid to subglobose, 4.7–7 × 4–4.5 cm; mature carpels<br />
long ovoid to long ellipsoid, 1.5–3 × 1–1.7 × 0.3–0.7 cm,<br />
woody, dehiscing along ventral sutures first then along dorsal<br />
suture. Seeds nearly cordate to subglobose, 7–11 × 7–11 × 5–8<br />
mm; testa red. Fl. May, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Bamboo forests; 400–700 m. Jiangxi (Yichun).<br />
2. MAGNOLIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 535. 1753.<br />
木兰属 mu lan shu<br />
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Bark usually gray and smooth or sometimes coarsely deeply furrowed. Twigs with annular stipular<br />
scar. Stipules membranous, free or adnate to petiole and leaving a stipular scar on petiole. Leaves spirally arranged, folded in bud,<br />
erect when young; leaf blade thickly papery or leathery, margin entire. Flowers terminal on terminal brachyblasts, solitary, bisexual,<br />
large, usually fragrant. Tepals 9–12, in 3 or 4 whorls, subequal. Stamens caducous; filaments flat; connective elongated, forming a<br />
short or long tip; anthers dehiscing introrsely. Gynoecium linked to androecium, without a gynophore. Carpels few to many, distinct;<br />
styles curved outward; ovules 2 per carpel or rarely in basal carpels 3 or 4; stigmas papillate, located in adaxial side of carpel. Fruit<br />
usually ovoid; mature carpels distinct, leathery or woody, dehiscing along dorsal sutures, apex long or shortly beaked. Seeds 1 or 2<br />
per carpel; testa orangish red or bright red, fleshy, oily; endotesta rigid, hilum connected to placentation by filiform funiculus.<br />
About 20 species: Central America, E and S North America, including Mexico and Antilles; one species (introduced) in China.<br />
61
62<br />
1. Magnolia grandiflora Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1802.<br />
1759.<br />
荷花木兰 he hua mu lan<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall but usually shorter when cultivated.<br />
Bark pale brown to gray, thinly scaly fissured. Twigs, vegetative<br />
buds, petioles, and leaf blade abaxial surfaces densely<br />
brown to grayish brown shortly tomentose but abaxial surface<br />
of young leaf blades glabrous. Twigs thick and strong. Petiole<br />
1.5–4 cm, deeply furrowed, without a stipular scar; leaf blade<br />
elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-oblong, 10–20 × 4–7(–10)<br />
cm, thickly leathery, adaxially deep green and glossy, secondary<br />
veins 8–10 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex obtuse<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
to shortly mucronate. Flowers 15–20 cm in diam., fragrant.<br />
Tepals 9–12, white, obovate, 6–10 × 5–7 cm, thickly fleshy.<br />
Stamens ca. 2 cm; filaments purple, flat; connective exserted<br />
and forming a mucro; anthers introrse. Gynoecium ellipsoid,<br />
densely long tomentose; carpels ovoid, 1–1.5 cm; styles reclinate.<br />
Fruit terete to ovoid, 7–10 × 4–5 cm, densely brown<br />
to pale grayish yellow tomentose; mature carpels abaxially<br />
rounded, dehiscing along dorsal sutures, apex long beaked.<br />
Seeds ovoid, ca. 1.4 × 0.6 cm; testa red. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–<br />
Oct. 2n = 114.<br />
Cultivated in provinces south of Chang Jiang [native to SE North<br />
America].<br />
This species is widely cultivated as an ornamental and for timber.<br />
3. LIRIANTHE Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phan. 7: 485. 1839.<br />
长喙木兰属 chang hui mu lan shu<br />
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Bark usually gray, smooth or sometimes rough and furrowed. Stipules membranous, adnate to<br />
petiole and leaving a stipular scar on petiole. Leaves spirally arranged, folded in bud, erect when young; leaf blade thickly papery or<br />
leathery, margin entire. Flowers terminal on terminal brachyblasts, solitary, bisexual, large, usually fragrant. Spathaceous bracts 1 to<br />
several. Tepals 9–12, 3 per whorl, usually white, subequal. Stamens caducous; filaments flat; connective exserted and forming a<br />
mucro; anthers dehiscing introrsely. Gynoecium without a gynophore; carpels few or many, distinct; ovules 2(–4) per carpel. Fruit<br />
usually ellipsoid, both ends acute; mature carpels distinct, leathery or subwoody, all persistent on torus, dehiscing along dorsal<br />
sutures, apex beaked.<br />
About 12 species: SE Asia; eight species (five endemic) in China.<br />
“Magnolia menlunica Q. W. Zeng & Y. W. Law” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 76. 2004) is of uncertain identity. It belongs to Lirianthe and is<br />
probably the same as an already published species but was not validly published because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no type<br />
was indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
1a. Stipular scar 1/3–1/2 as long as petiole .......................................................................................................................... 1. L. fistulosa<br />
1b. Stipular scar reaching apex of petiole.<br />
2a. Leaf blade large-sized, 20–70 × 7–22 cm ................................................................................................................... 2. L. henryi<br />
2b. Leaf blade medium-sized or small-sized, length not exceeding 30 cm, width usually not exceeding 10 cm.<br />
3a. Plants glabrous throughout.<br />
4a. Leaf blade slightly wavy adaxially, margin slightly revolute, secondary veins 8–10 on each side of<br />
midvein, reticulate veins sparse ....................................................................................................................... 7. L. coco<br />
4b. Leaf blade flat, margin not revolute, secondary veins 14–16 on each side of midvein, reticulate<br />
veins dense ............................................................................................................................................... 8. L. fujianensis<br />
3b. Plants ± with trichomes.<br />
5a. Flowers smaller; outer tepals shorter than 4 cm .................................................................................... 6. L. championii<br />
5b. Flowers larger; outer tepals longer than 5 cm.<br />
6a. Petiole 5–7 cm; leaf blade rounded or slightly cordate at base ........................................................... 3. L. delavayi<br />
6b. Petiole 1.5–3 cm; leaf blade cuneate or broadly cuneate at base.<br />
7a. Leaf blade pale green, abaxially with white curved trichomes ............................................. 4. L. odoratissima<br />
7b. Leaf blade glaucous, abaxially with dense white silky trichomes .......................................... 5. L. albosericea<br />
1. Lirianthe fistulosa (Finet & Gagnepain) N. H. Xia & C. Y.<br />
Wu, comb. nov.<br />
显脉木兰 xian mai mu lan<br />
Basionym: Talauma fistulosa Finet & Gagnepain, Bull.<br />
Soc. Bot. France 52(Mém. 4): 31. 1906; Magnolia championii<br />
Bentham subsp. fistulosa (Finet & Gagnepain) J. Li; M. fistulosa<br />
(Finet & Gagnepain) Dandy; M. phanerophlebia B. L.<br />
Chen; M. talaumoides Dandy.<br />
Shrubs or small trees, to 3 m tall, to 6 cm d.b.h., glabrous.<br />
Young twigs gray to yellowish gray when dry, 5–7 mm in<br />
diam., terete, smooth. Stipular scar 0.7–1.9(–2.5) cm. Petiole<br />
(1–)3–6(–7) cm, obviously thickened toward its base; leaf blade<br />
obovate to elliptic, 31–34.5(–36) × 9.5–14(–17) cm, leathery,<br />
abaxially greenish, adaxially dark green and shiny, midvein<br />
conspicuously elevated abaxially, secondary veins (11–)13–<br />
17(–19) on each side of midvein, adaxially much impressed,<br />
anastomosing with an intramarginal vein, and more prominent<br />
on both surfaces than coarsely netted reticulate veins, base cuneate<br />
and decurrent with 2 ridges into petiole, apex acuminate,<br />
acumen 1–2 cm. Peduncle ca. 2.5 × 0.4 cm, recurved; spatha-
ceous bracts 3, 1 toward base of peduncle, 1 at middle or<br />
slightly apically on peduncle, and 1 at base of perianth. Tepals 8<br />
or 9, subequal; outer 3 tepals greenish, thinly leathery; inner 5<br />
or 6 tepals white, fleshy. Stamens numerous. Gynoecium narrowly<br />
ovoid; carpels ca. 11. Fruit not seen. Fl. May.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500–700 m. S Yunnan.<br />
2. Lirianthe henryi (Dunn) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, comb. nov.<br />
大叶木兰 da ye mu lan<br />
Basionym: Magnolia henryi Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 35:<br />
484. 1903; Manglietia wangii Hu & Chun; Talauma kerrii<br />
Craib.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall. Young twigs with appressed trichomes<br />
but later glabrescent. Stipular scar nearly reaching apex of petiole.<br />
Petiole 4–11 cm, with appressed trichomes when young;<br />
leaf blade obovate-oblong, 20–70 × 7–22 cm, leathery, abaxially<br />
sparsely appressed pubescent, adaxially glabrous, midvein<br />
adaxially prominent, secondary veins 14–20 on each side of<br />
midvein, reticulate veins sparse and prominent on both surfaces<br />
when dry, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse to acute. Peduncle<br />
pendulous, ca. 8 cm, with 2 bract scars, glabrous. Flower buds<br />
ovoid; spathaceous bracts glabrous. Tepals 9; tepals of outer<br />
whorl 3, green, ovate-elliptic, 6–6.5 × 3–3.5 cm, apex obtuse;<br />
tepals of middle and inner whorls milky white, obovate-spoonshaped,<br />
5.5–6 cm, thickly fleshy; tepals of inner whorl narrower<br />
and smaller. Stamens 1.2–1.5 cm; anthers 1–1.2 cm; connective<br />
exserted and forming a mucro. Gynoecium narrowly ellipsoid,<br />
3.5–4 cm, glabrous; carpels 85–95, narrowly long ellipsoid,<br />
1.5–2 cm × 2–3 mm, abaxially 4- or 5-ridged; styles 4–9 mm.<br />
Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, 10–15 × 3–5 cm. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500–1500 m. S Yunnan [Myanmar,<br />
Thailand].<br />
3. Lirianthe delavayi (Franchet) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, comb.<br />
nov.<br />
山玉兰 shan yu lan<br />
Basionym: Magnolia delavayi Franchet, Pl. Delavay. 1:<br />
33. 1889; M. carpunii M. S. Romanov & A. V. Bobrov.<br />
Trees, to 12 m tall, to 80 cm d.b.h. Bark gray to grayish<br />
black, coarse and fissured. Old twigs thick and strong, dotted<br />
with lenticels; young twigs olive green, pale yellowish brown<br />
pubescent. Stipular scar nearly reaching apex of petiole. Petiole<br />
5–7(–10) cm, densely villous; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong,<br />
10–20(–32) × 5–10(–20) cm, leathery, abaxially densely interwoven<br />
tomentose and white powdery but later only with residual<br />
trichomes on veins, adaxially covered with curved long<br />
trichomes at first but later glabrescent, midvein flat to impressed<br />
and with residual trichomes, secondary veins 11–16 on<br />
each side of midvein, reticulate veins dense and prominent on<br />
both surfaces when dry, base broadly rounded to sometimes<br />
slightly cordate, margin wavy, apex obtuse to rarely emarginate.<br />
Peduncle erect, 3–4 cm. Flowers fragrant, cupular, 15–20 cm in<br />
diam. Tepals 9 or 10; tepals of outer whorl pale green, oblong,<br />
6–8(–10) × 2–3(–4) cm, margin revolute; tepals of inner 2<br />
whorls milky white or red, obovate-spoon-shaped, 8–11 × 2.5–<br />
3.5 cm; tepals of inner whorl narrower. Stamens ca. 210, 1.8–<br />
2.5 cm; connective exserted and forming a sharp triangular tip;<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
anthers divergent. Gynoecium ovoid, 3–4 cm, finely yellow<br />
villous, apex acute; carpels ca. 100. Fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, 9–<br />
15(–20) cm; mature carpels narrowly ellipsoid, finely yellow<br />
villous, completely dehiscing along dorsal suture, apical beak<br />
reflexed. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Forests, limestone areas, wet slopes; 1500–2800 m. Guizhou, S<br />
Sichuan, Yunnan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
4. Lirianthe odoratissima (Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou) N. H.<br />
Xia & C. Y. Wu, comb. nov.<br />
馨香木兰 xin xiang mu lan<br />
Basionym: Magnolia odoratissima Y. W. Law & R. Z.<br />
Zhou, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 6(2): 139. 1986.<br />
Trees, 5–6 m tall. Twigs pale grayish brown; young twigs<br />
densely white villous. Stipules nearly reaching apex of petiole.<br />
Leaf blade ovate-elliptic, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, 8–14(–30)<br />
× 4–7(–10) cm, leathery, abaxially pale green and with white<br />
curved trichomes, adaxially dark green, secondary veins 9–13<br />
on each side of midvein, adaxially impressed, and prominent on<br />
both surfaces when dry, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex<br />
acuminate to shortly acute. Flower buds ovoid, 3–3.5 × 2–2.2<br />
cm. Flowers erect, very fragrant. Tepals 9, white, curved, fleshy;<br />
tepals of outer whorl obovate to oblong, 5–6 × 2.5–3 cm, thinner,<br />
9-veined; tepals of middle whorl obovate, 5–6 × 2–3 cm;<br />
tepals of inner whorl obovate-spoon-shaped, 4–4.5 × 2–2.5 cm.<br />
Stamens ca. 175, ca. 3 cm; filaments ca. 5 mm; connective exserted<br />
and forming a triangular mucro; anthers ca. 2 cm, dehiscing<br />
introrsely. Fruit not seen. Fl. May, fr. Sep.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; ca. 1100 m. SE Yunnan<br />
(Guangnan).<br />
5. Lirianthe albosericea (Chun & C. H. Tsoong) N. H. Xia &<br />
C. Y. Wu, comb. nov.<br />
绢毛木兰 juan mao mu lan<br />
Basionym: Magnolia albosericea Chun & C. H. Tsoong,<br />
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9: 117. 1964.<br />
Trees, to 8 m tall. Bark grayish white, young part densely<br />
white sericeous. Stipular scar reaching apex of petiole. Petiole<br />
thick and strong; leaf blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly<br />
obovate-elliptic, 18–30(–40) × 6–9(–15) cm, abaxially<br />
glaucous and white villous, adaxially dark green, midvein<br />
sparsely long sericeous on both surfaces, secondary veins 15–<br />
20 on each side of midvein, base cuneate to narrowly cuneate,<br />
apex acuminate. Peduncle 1.5–2 cm, densely sericeous, with 3<br />
bract scars. Flower buds ovoid, 4–5 cm. Tepals 9, white; tepals<br />
of outer whorl oblong, 4–4.6 cm, thinner, abaxially densely<br />
papillate, white sericeous near base; tepals of middle whorl 4–5<br />
cm, abaxially white sericeous near base; tepals of inner 2<br />
whorls obovate, thickly fleshy, base clawed; tepals of innermost<br />
whorl 3–4 cm. Stamens 0.9–1.2 cm; connective exserted and<br />
forming a mucro; anthers 6–8 mm, dehiscing introrsely. Carpels<br />
narrowly ellipsoid, 0.8–1.3 cm, abaxially with brown trichomes<br />
and inconspicuously papillate, shallow furrow reaching to apex<br />
in middle. Fruit dark brown, ellipsoid to obovoid, 4.5–8 cm;<br />
mature carpels narrowly ellipsoid, 2–2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially<br />
pale brown pubescent and papillate, apex with an outcurved 5–<br />
63
64<br />
7 mm sharp beak. Seeds red, irregularly triangular, 7–10 × 7–10<br />
mm, laterally flat, adaxially shallowly and narrowly furrowed,<br />
base cuneate, apex finely pitted. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n<br />
= 38*.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests, slopes, ravines; 500–800 m.<br />
Hainan (Baoting, Diaoluo Shan).<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
6. Lirianthe championii (Bentham) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu,<br />
comb. nov.<br />
香港木兰 xiang gang mu lan<br />
Basionym: Magnolia championii Bentham, Fl. Hongk. 8.<br />
1861 [“championi”]; M. liliifera Baillon var. championii (Bentham)<br />
Pampanini; M. mulunica Y. W. Law & Q. W. Zeng; M.<br />
paenetalauma Dandy; M. pumila Andrews var. championii<br />
(Bentham) Finet & Gagnepain; M. shangsiensis Y. W. Law et<br />
al.; M. tenuicarpella Hung T. Chang.<br />
Shrubs or small trees. Young twigs, petiole adaxial surfaces,<br />
leaf blade abaxial surface of bases and midveins, and peduncles<br />
with pale brown appressed long trichomes but very<br />
soon glabrescent. Young twigs green. Stipular scar nearly<br />
reaching apex of petiole. Petiole 0.5–1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic,<br />
narrowly oblong-elliptic, or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 7–<br />
14(–20) × 2–4.5(–6.5) cm, leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially<br />
deep green and glossy, secondary veins 8–12 on each side<br />
of midvein, divergent near edge, and curving and circling apically,<br />
base cuneate to narrowly cuneate and slightly decurrent<br />
on petiole, apex acuminate, cuspidate, or rarely acute. Peduncle<br />
1–1.5 cm, with pale yellow long trichomes; spathaceous bracts<br />
3 or 4, apical-most bract scar ca. 1 cm basal to tepals. Flowers<br />
erect, very fragrant. Tepals 9; outer 3 tepals pale green, oblongelliptic,<br />
3.5–4 × ca. 2 cm; tepals of inner 2 whorls white, obovate,<br />
2–2.5 × ca. 1.5 cm, fleshy, apex sometimes emarginate.<br />
Stamens 7–9 mm; connective exserted and forming a triangular<br />
mucro; anthers 6–7 mm, dehiscing introrsely. Gynoecium narrowly<br />
obovoid, 1–1.4 cm, white villous; carpels 8–9 mm, furrows<br />
abaxially reaching to base of style; ovules 2 per carpel,<br />
parallel. Fruit 3–4.5 cm; mature carpels ca. 1 cm, with ca. 2 mm<br />
apical beaks. Seeds narrowly ellipsoid or irregularly ovoid, 8–<br />
12 × 4–6 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, sandy soil, hills, along riversides;<br />
near sea level to 1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, S Guizhou, Hainan [N<br />
Vietnam].<br />
“Magnolia bawangensis Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” (in Y. H. Liu,<br />
Magnolias China, 34. 2004) belongs here but was not validly published<br />
because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no type was<br />
indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
One of us (Xia) considers that Magnolia mulunica is a distinct<br />
species of Lirianthe.<br />
7. Lirianthe coco (Loureiro) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, comb.<br />
nov.<br />
夜香木兰 ye xiang mu lan<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Basionym: Liriodendron coco Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1:<br />
347. 1790; Magnolia coco (Loureiro) Candolle; M. pumila Andrews;<br />
Talauma coco (Loureiro) Merrill; T. pumila (Andrews)<br />
Blume.<br />
Trees or shrubs, 2–4 m tall, glabrous. Bark gray. Twigs<br />
green, smooth, slightly ridged, glossy. Stipular scar reaching<br />
apex of petiole. Petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade elliptic, narrowly<br />
elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 7–14(–28) × 2–4.5(–9) cm, leathery,<br />
adaxially deep green, glossy, and slightly wavy wrinkled,<br />
secondary veins 8–10 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins<br />
sparse, base cuneate, margin slightly revolute, apex long acuminate.<br />
Peduncle pendulous, with 3 or 4 bract scars. Flowers globose,<br />
3–4 cm in diam. Tepals 9, obovate, fleshy, adaxially concave;<br />
3 tepals of outer whorl greenish, ca. 2 cm, 5-veined;<br />
tepals of inner 2 whorls pure white, 3–4 × ca. 4 cm. Stamens<br />
4–6 mm; filaments white, ca. 2 mm; connective exserted and<br />
forming a mucro; anthers ca. 3 mm. Gynoecium green, ovoid,<br />
1.5–2 cm; carpels ca. 10, narrowly ovoid, 5–6 mm, abaxially<br />
with 1 furrow downward to base of style; styles short, deciduous<br />
after anthesis and leaving carpel with a truncate apex.<br />
Fruit ca. 3 cm; mature carpels nearly woody. Seeds ovoid, ca.<br />
1 cm, apex laterally pitted adaxially, ventral furrow inconspicuous,<br />
base cuneate; endotesta brown. Fl. summer (all year in<br />
Guangzhou, Guangdong), fr. autumn. 2n = 38.<br />
Forests; 600–900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Yunnan,<br />
Zhejiang [Vietnam].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.<br />
8. Lirianthe fujianensis N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, nom. nov.<br />
福建木兰 fu jian mu lan<br />
Replaced synonym: Magnolia fujianensis R. Z. Zhou, J.<br />
Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 12: 473. 2004, not Magnolia fujianensis (Q.<br />
F. Zheng) Figlar, Proc. Int. Symp. Fam. Magnoliac. 1998, 22.<br />
2000.<br />
Trees, 8–10 m tall, 1.5–2 cm d.b.h., glabrous throughout.<br />
Twigs green when young, brown when old. Stipular scar<br />
reaching apex of petiole, margin prominent. Petiole 1–1.5 cm;<br />
leaf blade long ovate-elliptic to long elliptic, 12–20 × 5.5–6.5<br />
cm, leathery, abaxially green, adaxially dark green and shiny,<br />
secondary veins 14–16 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins<br />
prominent on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate, apex long<br />
acuminate. Brachyblasts ca. 3.5 cm, green, curved downward at<br />
anthesis, glabrous. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls; outer<br />
3 tepals pale green, oblong-elliptic, 4–4.2 × 2–2.3 mm; middle<br />
3 tepals white, obovate-spatulate, 4–4.5 × 2.3–2.5 mm, fleshy;<br />
inner 3 tepals white, obovate-spatulate, 3–3.5 × 1.6–2 mm,<br />
fleshy. Androecium white; stamens ca. 128, 6–7 mm; connective<br />
exserted, apex obtuse; anthers 5–6 mm. Gynoecium white;<br />
carpels 16–18, abaxially tuberculate; styles purple. Fruit not<br />
seen. Fl. Apr–May and Aug–Sep.<br />
● Forests; 300–500 m. Fujian (Nanping).<br />
4. HOUPOËA N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, nom. nov.<br />
厚朴属 hou po shu<br />
Replaced synonym: Magnolia sect. Rytidospermum Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phan. 7: 474. 1839, not Rhytispermum Link, Hand-
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
buch 1: 579. 1829, nor Rhytidospermum Schultz Bipontinus in Webb & Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2, 2): 277. 1844, nor<br />
Rytidosperma Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 425. 1854.<br />
Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Bark usually gray, smooth. Twigs with annular stipular scar. Stipules membranous, adnate to petiole,<br />
leaving stipular scar on petiole. Leaves spirally arranged, often fascicled and pseudowhorled, folded in bud, erect when young; leaf<br />
blade membranous or thickly papery, margin entire or rarely shallowly 2-lobed at apex. Flowers terminal, solitary, bisexual, large,<br />
fragrant. Spathaceous bract 1. Tepals 9–12, in 3 or 4 whorls, usually white, subequal. Stamens caducous; filaments flat; connective<br />
exserted and forming a short mucro; anthers dehiscing introrsely. Gynoecium without a gynophore; carpels numerous, distinct;<br />
ovules usually 2(–4) per carpel; styles curved outward, adaxially papillate. Fruit usually cylindric when mature; mature carpels distinct,<br />
leathery or subwoody, dehiscing along dorsal sutures, persistent on torus, apex long beaked.<br />
Nine species: E North America and temperate regions of SE Asia; three species (one endemic, one introduced) in China.<br />
1a. Inner and outer tepals patent at anthesis; basal mature carpels decurrent along fruit axis and tapered at base ............ 1. H. obovata<br />
1b. Inner tepals erect and outer ones reflexed at anthesis; basal mature carpels not decurrent along fruit axis but rotund<br />
at base.<br />
2a. Vegetative buds glabrous, leaf abaxial surface gray villous; leaf blade cuneate at base; mature carpels with<br />
a 3–4 mm beak ...................................................................................................................................................... 2. H. officinalis<br />
2b. Vegetative buds and abaxial surface of young leaves covered with reddish brown and curved indumentum;<br />
leaf blade broadly cuneate, obtuse, or cordate at base; mature carpels with a 5–8 mm beak ................................. 3. H. rostrata<br />
1. Houpoëa obovata (Thunberg) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, comb.<br />
nov.<br />
日本厚朴 ri ben hou po<br />
Basionym: Magnolia obovata Thunberg, Trans. Linn. Soc.<br />
London 2: 336. 1794; Liriodendron liliiflorum Steudel; M. glauca<br />
Thunberg (1784), not (Linnaeus) Linnaeus (1759); M. honogi<br />
P. Parmentier; M. hoonokii Siebold; M. hypoleuca Siebold<br />
& Zuccarini; M. hypoleuca var. concolor Siebold & Zuccarini;<br />
Yulania japonica Spach var. obovata (Thunberg) P. Parmentier.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall. Twigs green at first then becoming<br />
purple, glabrous; vegetative buds glabrous. Stipular scar ca. 1/2<br />
as long or longer than petiole. Leaves clustered on twigs; petiole<br />
2.5–4.5(–7) cm, at first white villous; leaf blade obovate,<br />
20–38(–45) × 12–18(–20) cm, abaxially glaucous, adaxially<br />
green and white curved villous, secondary veins 20–24 on each<br />
side of midvein, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex shortly<br />
acute. Flowers cupular, 14–20 cm in diam., erect, very fragrant.<br />
Tepals 9–12, milky white; outer 3 tepals yellowish green but<br />
outside flushed red, shorter; inner 6 or 9 tepals obovate to elliptic-obovate,<br />
8.5–12 × 1.5–4.5 cm. Stamens 1.5–2 cm; filaments<br />
purplish red; connective exserted and forming a mucro. Gynoecium<br />
ca. 3 cm. Fruit red when mature, terete, 12–20 × ca. 6 cm,<br />
pendulous; mature carpels long beaked, basal ones decurrent<br />
along receptacles and becoming cuneate at base; testa bright<br />
red; endotesta black. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Cultivated in NE China as well as in Guangdong [native to Japan].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental. It is used medicinally and<br />
for timber.<br />
2. Houpoëa officinalis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) N. H. Xia &<br />
C. Y. Wu, comb. nov.<br />
厚朴 hou po<br />
Basionym: Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. H. Wilson in<br />
Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 391. 1913; M. cathayana D. L. Fu & T.<br />
B. Chao; M. officinalis subsp. biloba (Rehder & E. H. Wilson)<br />
Y. W. Law; M. officinalis var. biloba Rehder & E. H. Wilson;<br />
M. officinalis var. glabra D. L. Fu et al.; M. officinalis var. pubescens<br />
C. Y. Deng.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall. Bark brown, thick, not fissured. Twigs<br />
pale yellow to grayish yellow, thick and strong, sericeous at<br />
first; terminal buds ovoid-conical, large, glabrous. Stipular scar<br />
ca. 2/3 as long as petiole. Petiole thick and strong, 2.5–4 cm.<br />
Leaves 7–9 clustered on twig apex; leaf blade oblong-obovate,<br />
22–45 × 10–24 cm, nearly leathery, abaxially grayish green,<br />
glaucous, and gray villous, adaxially green and glabrous, base<br />
cuneate, margin entire or slightly wavy, apex shortly acute,<br />
obtuse, emarginate, or sometimes 2-lobed. Peduncle short and<br />
thick, villous; bract scar ca. 1 cm basal to tepals. Flowers 10–15<br />
cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9–12(–17), white, thickly fleshy;<br />
outer 3 tepals pale green, oblong-obovate, 8–10 × 4–5 cm, usually<br />
reflexed at anthesis; tepals of inner 2 whorls obovatespoon-shaped,<br />
8–8.5 × 3–4.5 cm, base clawed; inner tepals 7–<br />
8.5 cm, erect at anthesis. Stamens numerous, 2–3 cm; filaments<br />
red, 4–12 mm; anthers 1.2–1.5 cm, dehiscing introrsely. Gynoecium<br />
ellipsoid-ovoid, 2.5–3 cm. Fruit ellipsoid-ovoid, 9–15<br />
cm; mature carpels with a 3–4 mm beak. Seeds triangular-obovoid,<br />
ca. 1 cm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Forests; 300–1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, SE Gansu, N Guangdong,<br />
Guangxi, NE Guizhou, SE Henan, W Hubei, NW Hunan, Jiangxi, S<br />
Shaanxi, E and S Sichuan, Zhejiang.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental. It is used medicinally and<br />
for timber.<br />
3. Houpoëa rostrata (W. W. Smith) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu,<br />
comb. nov.<br />
长喙厚朴 chang hui hou po<br />
Basionym: Magnolia rostrata W. W. Smith, Notes Roy.<br />
Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12: 213. 1920.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall. Bark pale gray. Vegetative buds and<br />
young twigs reddish brown curved villous. Twigs green at first<br />
then turning brown, strong and thick; axillary vegetative<br />
buds grayish green, terete, glabrous. Stipular scar significantly<br />
prominent, nearly 1/3–2/3 as long as petiole. Leaves 7–9 clus-<br />
65
66<br />
tered on twig apex; petiole strong and thick, 4–7 cm, at first<br />
with trichomes; leaf blade obovate to broadly obovate, 34–50<br />
× 21–23 cm, thickly papery, abaxially glaucous and reddish<br />
brown curved villous, adaxially green and glossy, secondary<br />
veins 28–30 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate to<br />
cordate, apex broadly rotund, shortly acute, or sometimes 2cleft.<br />
Flowers appearing after leaves, 8–9 cm in diam., fragrant.<br />
Tepals 9–12; tepals of outer whorl outside green flushed<br />
slightly pink and inside pink, oblong-elliptic, 8–13 × ca. 5.6 cm,<br />
reflexed; tepals of inner 2 whorls purely white, obovate-spoon-<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
5. TALAUMA Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 281. 1789.<br />
盖裂木属 gai lie mu shu<br />
shaped, 12–14 cm, erect, base clawed. Stamens purplish red;<br />
filaments ca. 5 mm; connective exserted and forming a triangular<br />
mucro; anthers ca. 1 cm. Gynoecium cylindric. Fruit terete,<br />
11–20 × ca. 4 cm, erect, base broadly rounded, apex gradually<br />
narrowing; mature carpels with a 5–8 mm curved beak.<br />
Seeds ca. 7 × 5 mm, flat. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Broad-leaved forests; 2100–3000 m. SE Xizang (Mêdog), W Yunnan<br />
[NE Myanmar].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and is used medicinally.<br />
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Stipules adnate to petiole. Young leaves folded in bud; petiole with stipular scar. Flowers terminal,<br />
solitary, bisexual. Tepals 9–15, in 3 or 4 whorls, subequal. Staminal connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers dehiscing introrsely.<br />
Gynoecium sessile; carpels numerous or few, at least connate at base. Mature carpels woody or bony, peripherally dehiscing,<br />
base persistent on torus, apical part single or irregularly massive deciduous. Seeds 1 or 2 per carpel, pendulous.<br />
About 60 species: SE Asia and tropical America; one species in China.<br />
1. Talauma hodgsonii J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 74.<br />
1855.<br />
盖裂木 gai lie mu<br />
Magnolia candollii (Blume) H. Keng var. obovata (Korthals)<br />
Nooteboom; M. hodgsonii (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) H.<br />
Keng; M. liliifera (Linnaeus) Baillon var. obovata (Korthals)<br />
Govaerts.<br />
Trees, to 15 m tall. Twigs slightly glaucous, glabrous. Stipular<br />
scar nearly reaching apex of petiole. Petiole 5–6 cm; leaf<br />
blade obovate-oblong, 20–50 × 10–13 cm, leathery, secondary<br />
veins 10–20 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex obtuse<br />
to acuminate. Peduncle thick and strong, 1.5–2 × ca. 1.5 cm,<br />
with 1 or 2 bract scars; spathaceous bracts purple. Tepals 9,<br />
thickly fleshy; outer 3 tepals grassy green outside, ovate, ca. 9<br />
cm; tepals of middle and inner whorls milky white; inner tepals<br />
smallest. Fruit ovoid, 13–15 cm; mature carpels 40–80, narrowly<br />
ellipsoid to ovoid, 2.5–4 cm, apex long tipped. Fl. Apr–<br />
May, fr. Aug. 2n = 38.<br />
Forests; 800–1500 m. S Xizang, SE Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, N<br />
Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].<br />
6. OYAMA (Nakai) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, stat. nov.<br />
天女花属 tian nü hua shu<br />
Basionym: Magnolia sect. Oyama Nakai, Fl. Sylv. Kor. 20: 117. 1933; M. sect. Gophantera Dandy.<br />
Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Bark usually gray, smooth or sometimes coarse and deeply furrowed. Twigs with annular stipular<br />
scar. Leaves at first distichous, later spirally arranged, folded in bud, erect when young; leaf blade membranous or papery, abaxially<br />
grayish green or glaucous and pubescent, margin entire. Flowers terminal, solitary, bisexual, often overtopped by a growing axillary<br />
vegetative bud and thus seemingly axillary. Peduncle slender, nodding but pendulous or erect at anthesis. Tepals 9–12, 3 per whorl,<br />
usually white, subequal. Stamens red, caducous; filaments flat; connective not exserted, apex obtuse or emarginate; anthers dehiscing<br />
introrsely. Gynoecium without a gynophore; carpels few to many, distinct; ovules usually 2 per carpel; styles curved outward, adaxially<br />
papillate. Fruit ellipsoid when mature, pendulous; mature carpels distinct, leathery or subwoody, dehiscing along dorsal sutures,<br />
persistent on torus, apex shortly beaked.<br />
Four species: E and SE Asia; four species (two endemic) in China.<br />
1a. Twigs purplish red or purplish brown; leaves widest toward base from middle; stipular scar nearly as long as petiole.<br />
2a. Leaf blade oblong-ovate to elliptic-ovate, 6.5–12 cm, abaxially gray appressed villous; flowers pendulous<br />
during anthesis .......................................................................................................................................................... 1. O. wilsonii<br />
2b. Leaf blade elliptic-ovate to ovate, 10–24 cm, abaxially reddish brown and with long curved trichomes;<br />
flowers slightly pendulous or erect during anthesis ................................................................................................. 2. O. globosa<br />
1b. Twigs pale grayish yellow or grayish brown; leaves widest toward apex from middle; stipular scar 1/2–2/3 as<br />
long as petiole.<br />
3a. Leaf blade obovate, secondary veins 9–13 on each side of midvein, abaxially pale yellow villous; stipular<br />
scar nearly 2/3 as long as petiole; flowers pendulous during anthesis .................................................................... 3. O. sinensis<br />
3b. Leaf blade obovate to broadly obovate, secondary veins 6–8 on each side of midvein, abaxial surface with<br />
brown and white multicellular trichomes and scattered with golden yellow dots; stipular scar nearly 1/2 as<br />
long as petiole; flowers slightly pendulous during anthesis .................................................................................. 4. O. sieboldii
1. Oyama wilsonii (Finet & Gagnepain) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu,<br />
comb. nov.<br />
西康天女花 xi kang tian nü hua<br />
Basionym: Magnolia parviflora Blume var. wilsonii Finet<br />
& Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52(Mém. 4): 39. 1906<br />
[“wilsoni”]; M. globosa J. D. Hooker & Thomson subsp.<br />
wilsonii (Finet & Gagnepain) J. Li; M. liliifera Baillon var.<br />
taliensis (W. W. Smith) Pampanini; M. nicholsoniana Rehder &<br />
E. H. Wilson; M. taliensis W. W. Smith; M. wilsonii (Finet &<br />
Gagnepain) Rehder; M. wilsonii f. nicholsoniana (Rehder & E.<br />
H. Wilson) Rehder; M. wilsonii f. taliensis (W. W. Smith)<br />
Rehder.<br />
Shrubs or small trees, rarely to 8 m tall. Bark grayish<br />
brown, conspicuously lenticellate. Old twigs gray; annual twigs<br />
purplish red, at first brown villous. Stipular scar 4/5–5/6 as long<br />
as petiole. Petiole (0.5–)1–3(–5) cm, densely brown villous;<br />
leaf blade elliptic-ovate to oblong-ovate, 6.5–12(–20) × 3–5(–8)<br />
cm, papery, abaxially silvery gray appressed villous, adaxially<br />
grayish yellow pubescent along midvein and secondary veins,<br />
trichomes on midvein and secondary veins usually brown, base<br />
rounded to sometimes slightly cordate, apex acute to acuminate.<br />
Peduncle pendulous, 1.5–5 cm, brown villous. Flowers<br />
appearing at same time as leaves, cupular at first, plate-shaped<br />
at anthesis, 10–12 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9(–12), white;<br />
outer 3 tepals broadly spoon-shaped to obovate, 4–6.5(–7.5) ×<br />
3–4.5(–5.5) cm, subequal to inner ones, base clawed, apex<br />
rounded. Stamens purplish red, 0.8–1.2 cm; filaments red, 1.5–<br />
2 mm; connective rounded or emarginate at apex; thecae distinct,<br />
8–9 mm. Gynoecium green, ovoid-cylindric, 1.5–2 cm;<br />
carpels ca. 1 cm. Fruit red and then becoming purple when mature,<br />
terete, 6–10 × 2–3 cm, pendulous; mature carpels beaked.<br />
Seeds obovoid, ca. 6 mm. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Forests; 1900–3000 m. Guizhou, C and W Sichuan, N Yunnan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and is used medicinally.<br />
2. Oyama globosa (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) N. H. Xia & C.<br />
Y. Wu, comb. nov.<br />
毛叶天女花 mao ye tian nü hua<br />
Basionym: Magnolia globosa J. D. Hooker & Thomson,<br />
Fl. Ind. 1: 77. 1855; M. tsarongensis W. W. Smith; Yulania<br />
japonica Spach var. globosa (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) P.<br />
Parmentier.<br />
Trees, to 10 m tall. Bark black, smooth. Young twigs,<br />
young leaf blade adaxial midvein and secondary veins, leaf<br />
blade abaxial surfaces, petioles, and peduncles reddish brown<br />
and curved villous. Twigs reddish brown to dark purplish red.<br />
Stipular scar nearly reaching petiole apex. Petiole 3–3.5 cm;<br />
leaf blade elliptic-ovate, broadly ovate, or elliptic, 10–24 × 5–<br />
14 cm, membranous, adaxially deep green, secondary veins 8–<br />
12 on each side of midvein, base rounded to subcordate, apex<br />
acute to obtuse. Peduncle 5–6.5(–7.5) cm, curved to erect, with<br />
a bract scar at ca. 6 mm basal to tepals. Flowers appearing at<br />
same time as leaves, cupular, 6–7.6 cm in diam., fragrant.<br />
Tepals 9(or 10), creamy yellowish white, obovate to elliptic, 4–<br />
7.5 × 2–3 cm, subequal, apex rounded. Stamens dark red, 1.2–<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
1.7 cm; thecae connate to each other, apex slightly emarginate.<br />
Gynoecium green, ca. 3.5 cm. Fruiting peduncle thick and<br />
strong, densely villous. Fruit red when mature and later becoming<br />
reddish brown, terete, 6–8 cm, apex rounded; mature<br />
carpels with curved beaks. Seeds black, cordate, 7–8 × 7–9 mm.<br />
Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
Forests; 1900–3300 m. W Sichuan, S and SE Xizang, Yunnan<br />
[Bhutan, India (E Sikkim), N Myanmar].<br />
3. Oyama sinensis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) N. H. Xia & C. Y.<br />
Wu, comb. nov.<br />
圆叶天女花 yuan ye tian nü hua<br />
Basionym: Magnolia globosa J. D. Hooker & Thomson<br />
var. sinensis Rehder & E. H. Wilson, Sargentia 1: 393. 1913; M.<br />
sieboldii K. Koch subsp. sinensis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson)<br />
Spongberg; M. sinensis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Stapf.<br />
Shrubs, to 6 m tall. Bark pale brown. Twigs slender; annual<br />
twigs pale grayish yellow, 3–4 mm in diam., grayish yellow<br />
appressed villous; biennial twigs grayish white or pale yellow.<br />
Stipular scar nearly 2/3 as long as petiole. Petiole 1.5–4(–8) cm,<br />
pale yellow appressed villous; leaf blade obovate, broadly obovate,<br />
obovate-elliptic, or rarely suborbicular, 8–13(–26) × 6–<br />
10(–19) cm, papery, abaxially pale grayish yellow villous,<br />
adaxially subglabrous, midvein and secondary veins pale yellow<br />
appressed villous, secondary veins 9–13 on each side of<br />
midvein, base rounded and truncate, broadly cuneate, or sometimes<br />
slightly cordate, apex broadly rounded to shortly acute.<br />
Peduncle 3–5 cm, curved downward, pale yellow appressed<br />
villous at first. Flowers appearing at same time as leaves, cupular,<br />
8–12(–15) cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9(or 10), white;<br />
outer 3 tepals ovate to elliptic, shorter and smaller; inner tepals<br />
broadly obovate, 6–7.5 cm, larger. Stamens 0.9–1.3 cm; filaments<br />
purplish red; anthers 7–10 mm, thecae distinct, apex<br />
rounded to rarely slightly apiculate. Gynoecium green, narrowly<br />
obovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit red, terete, 3–<br />
5.5(–7.5) × 2–2.5 cm; mature carpels narrowly ellipsoid, only<br />
dehiscing along dorsal sutures, beaks curved outward. Seeds<br />
nearly cordate, 5–6 × 6–7 mm; testa bright red; endotesta black.<br />
Fl. May–Jun, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Forests; ca. 2600 m. C, N, and S Sichuan.<br />
This species is used medicinally.<br />
4. Oyama sieboldii (K. Koch) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu, comb.<br />
nov.<br />
天女花 tian nü hua<br />
Basionym: Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch, Hort. Dendrol. 4.<br />
1853, based on M. parviflora Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-<br />
Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(2): 187. 1845, not<br />
Blume, Bijdr. 9. 1825; M. oyama Millais, nom. illeg. superfl.;<br />
M. verecunda Koidzumi, nom. illeg. superfl.<br />
Trees, to 10 m tall. Annual twigs pale grayish brown, slender,<br />
ca. 3 mm in diam., silvery gray appressed villous at first.<br />
Stipular scar nearly 1/2 as long as petiole. Petiole 1–4(–6.5) cm,<br />
brown and white appressed villous; leaf blade obovate to<br />
broadly obovate, (6–)9–15(–25) × 4–9(–12) cm, membranous,<br />
abaxially glaucous and usually covered with brown and white<br />
multicellular trichomes, scattered golden yellow dots, and<br />
67
68<br />
white long sericeous hairs along midvein and secondary veins,<br />
adaxially curved pilose along midvein and secondary veins,<br />
secondary veins 6–8 on each side of midvein, base broadly<br />
cuneate, truncate, or subcordate, apex abruptly narrowly acute<br />
to shortly acuminate. Peduncle 3–7 cm, densely brown and<br />
grayish white appressed villous. Flowers appearing at same<br />
time as leaves, cupular at first but plate-shaped at anthesis, 7–10<br />
cm in diam., erect or slightly nodding, fragrant. Tepals 9, white,<br />
subequal; outer 3 tepals oblong-obovate to obovate, 4–6 × 2.5–<br />
3.5 cm, base with white trichomes, apex broadly rounded to<br />
rounded; inner 6 tepals smaller, base gradually narrowing to<br />
shortly clawed. Stamens purplish red, 0.9–1.1 cm; connective<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
not exserted; filaments 3–4 mm; anthers ca. 6 mm, thecae<br />
adnate, apex slightly emarginate. Gynoecium green, ellipsoid,<br />
ca. 1.5 cm. Fruit red when mature, obovoid to ellipsoid, 2–7<br />
cm; mature carpels narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm, dehiscing into<br />
2 valves along dorsal sutures, apex with a ca. 2 mm beak. Seeds<br />
cordate, 6–7 × 6–7 mm, apex finely tipped; testa red; endotesta<br />
brown. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Forests; 1600–2000 m. Anhui, N Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei,<br />
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental. It is used medicinally and<br />
for timber.<br />
7. WOONYOUNGIA Y. W. Law, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 17: 354. 1997.<br />
焕镛木属 huan yong mu shu<br />
Trees, dioecious. Stipules adnate to petiole. Young leaves folded in bud; petiole with stipular scar. Flowers terminal, solitary,<br />
sometimes overtopped by a growing axillary vegetative bud and thus seemingly axillary. Spathaceous bract 1, just basal to tepals. Tepals<br />
6 or 7, 3 per whorl, subequal. Male flower: stamen connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers dehiscing introrsely. Female<br />
flower: gynoecium sessile; carpels 6–15, connate; ovules 2 per carpel. Mature carpels woody, dehiscing along dorsal sutures.<br />
Seeds 1 or 2 per carpel, pendulous on an elongated filiform and elastic pseudofuniculus.<br />
Three species: Cambodia, S China, N Thailand, Vietnam; one species (endemic) in China.<br />
1. Woonyoungia septentrionalis (Dandy) Y. W. Law, Bull.<br />
Bot. Res., Harbin 17: 355. 1997.<br />
焕镛木 huan yong mu<br />
Kmeria septentrionalis Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 233. 1931; Magnolia<br />
kwangsiensis Figlar & Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, to 18 m tall, to 40 cm d.b.h. Bark gray. Twigs green,<br />
at first appressed pubescent. Stipular scar nearly reaching apex<br />
of petiole. Petiole 2–3.5 cm, at first grayish pubescent, later glabrescent;<br />
leaf blade elliptic-oblong to obovate-oblong, 8–15 ×<br />
3.5–6 cm, leathery, both surfaces glabrous or when young abaxially<br />
sparsely pilose at base, adaxially green and glossy, secondary<br />
veins 12–17 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins<br />
prominent on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse<br />
and slightly emarginate. Male flower: tepals white and pale<br />
greenish; outer 3 tepals obovate, 2–3 × ca. 2 cm; tepals of inner<br />
2 whorls elliptic, slightly narrower and smaller; androecium<br />
white with pale yellow, obovoid; stamens 1.8–2.5 cm; filaments<br />
ca. 2 mm; connective exserted and forming a 2–3 mm tonguelike<br />
tip; anthers 1–1.5 cm, dehiscing laterally. Female flower:<br />
outer 3 tepals obovate, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 cm; tepals of inner whorls<br />
8–10, linear-narrowly ovate, 2–2.5 cm × 2–3 mm; gynoecium<br />
green, obovoid, ca. 10 × 8–9 mm; carpels 6–9; ovules 2 per<br />
carpel, shortly funiculate; styles short; stigmas cristate. Fruit<br />
red when mature, subglobose; pericarp 3.5–4 cm, woody, dehiscing<br />
completely along dorsal sutures. Seeds 1 or 2 per carpel,<br />
those with testa red but those without testa black, bean-shaped<br />
to cordate, 10–12 × 7–9 mm, narrowly long furrowed, with several<br />
irregular massive protuberances, stalked at middle, apex<br />
truncate to slightly concave. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n =<br />
38*.<br />
● Limestone hills, forests; 300–600 m. N Guangxi, SE Guizhou,<br />
SE Yunnan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
8. PACHYLARNAX Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 259, 260. 1927.<br />
Manglietiastrum Y. W. Law.<br />
厚壁木属 hou bi mu shu<br />
Trees, evergreen. Stipules free from petiole. Leaves spirally arranged, not folded and firmly adnate to young buds when young;<br />
petiole without a scar; leaf blade margin entire. Flowers terminal, solitary, bisexual. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls; outer whorl largest. Stamens<br />
numerous; filaments short; connective exserted and forming a long mucro; anthers linear, dehiscent introrsely. Gynoecium with<br />
basal carpels elongated at base and forming a thick strong stalk; carpels [2–8 or]numerous, linked to each other, connate after fertilization;<br />
ovules 3–5 per carpel. Fruit obovoid or ellipsoid; mature carpels thickly woody, completely dehiscing along ventral sutures<br />
and at apex. Seeds 1–3 per carpel, hanging on a filiform false ovule stalk.<br />
Three species: SW China, NE India, Indonesia, Malaysia (peninsular), Vietnam; one species (endemic) in China.<br />
1. Pachylarnax sinica (Y. W. Law) N. H. Xia & C. Y. Wu,<br />
comb. nov.<br />
华盖木 hua gai mu<br />
Basionym: Manglietiastrum sinicum Y. W. Law, Acta<br />
Phytotax. Sin. 17(4): 73. 1979; Magnolia sinica (Y. W. Law)<br />
Nooteboom; Manglietia sinica (Y. W. Law) B. L. Chen &<br />
Nooteboom.
Trees, to 40 m tall, to 1.2 m d.b.h., glabrous. Bark grayish<br />
white, finely fissured. Old twigs dark brown; young twigs deep<br />
green, 5–9 mm in diam. Petiole 1.5–2 cm, without a stipular<br />
scar, base slightly enlarged; leaf blade narrowly obovate to narrowly<br />
obovate-elliptic, 15–26(–30) × 5–8(–9.5) cm, leathery,<br />
abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green and glossy, midvein<br />
prominent on both surfaces, secondary veins 13–16 on each<br />
side of midvein, reticulate veins sparse and prominent on both<br />
surfaces when dry, base gradually narrowly cuneate and decurrent<br />
on petiole, margin slightly revolute, apex rounded and with<br />
a ca. 5 mm acute tip, tip obtuse and slightly curved. Flowers<br />
terminal, solitary; flower buds green, obovoid to ovoid. Spathaceous<br />
bracts just next to tepals. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls; outer<br />
Micheliopsis H. Keng.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
tepals oblong-spatulate, apex obtuse; middle and inner tepals<br />
obovate-spatulate, smaller. Stamens ca. 65; connective exserted,<br />
forming a long tip; anthers dehiscent introrsely. Gynoecium<br />
long ovoid; carpels 13–16; ovules 3–5 per carpel. Fruiting<br />
gynophore ca. 1 cm. Fruit green when mature, dark brown<br />
when dry, obovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, 5–8.5 × 3.5–6.5 cm; mature<br />
carpels narrowly long ellipsoid to obovoid-ellipsoid, 2.5–4<br />
× 1.5–2.5 cm, thickly woody, dehiscing completely along ventral<br />
sutures, abaxially with coarse lenticels, apex 2-lobed. Seeds<br />
1–3 per carpel, transversely ellipsoid, bilaterally flat, 1–1.3 cm<br />
wide, ca. 7 mm tall. Fl. Apr, fr. Sep–Nov. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1300–1600 m. SE Yunnan<br />
(Maguan, Xichou).<br />
9. PARAKMERIA Hu & W. C. Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 1. 1951.<br />
拟单性木兰属 ni dan xing mu lan shu<br />
Trees, evergreen, glabrous, hermaphrodite or andro-dioecious. Twigs densely noded and bamboo nodelike; terminal vegetative<br />
buds dehiscing into 2 valves. Stipules not adnate to petiole. Leaves when young not folded and surrounded by young vegetative buds<br />
in bud; petiole without a stipular scar; leaf blade margin entire, bony, semitransparent, decurrent on petiole. Flowers terminal,<br />
solitary. Spathaceous bract 1, just basal to tepals. Tepals 9–12; outer 3 tepals nearly leathery and striated; tepals of inner 2 or 3 whorls<br />
subequal but gradually smaller inward, fleshy. Male flower: stamens 10–75, inserted on cylindric torus; filaments short; connective<br />
exserted and forming a mucro; anthers filiform, thecae divergent, dehiscing introrsely; torus deciduous from peduncle after anthesis.<br />
Bisexual flower: stamens as in male flowers but fewer; gynophore conspicuous; carpels 10–20, connate when developed; ovules 2<br />
per carpel. Fruit ellipsoid or obovoid, shape varied because of carpels partly undeveloped; fruiting stalks short, not elongated; mature<br />
carpels woody, dehiscing along dorsal sutures and apex. Seeds 1 or 2 per carpel, pendulous on a filiform elastic false ovule stalk;<br />
testa red or yellow; endotesta bony, with an apical hole.<br />
Five species: China, N Myanmar; five species (three endemic) in China.<br />
1a. Plants with bisexual flowers; tepals apiculate at apex.<br />
2a. Leaf blade leathery, rigid, deep green and glossy, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, secondary veins<br />
7–13 on each side; tepals purplish red at base abaxially, obovate-spoon-shaped, 4–5 cm; fruit 5–7.5 cm ................ 1. P. nitida<br />
2b. Leaf blade thinly leathery, adaxially green and glossy, narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, secondary<br />
veins 14–16 on each side; outer tepals pale yellow, obovate-oblong, 2.5–4 cm; fruit 2–2.5 cm ................... 2. P. kachirachirai<br />
1b. Plants andro-dioecious; tepals rounded or acuminate at apex.<br />
3a. Leaf blade thinly leathery, usually widest toward base from middle, ovate-oblong or ovate-elliptic, base<br />
broadly cuneate or suborbicular; outer tepals red abaxially; torus of male flowers rounded at apex .............. 3. P. yunnanensis<br />
3b. Leaf blade leathery, usually widest at middle, base cuneate or narrowly cuneate; outer tepals pale yellow;<br />
torus of male flowers shortly mucronate or long acuminate at apex.<br />
4a. Leaf blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, apex shortly acute or shortly acuminate,<br />
adaxially deep green, abaxially grayish green, glandular; torus of male flower shortly mucronate ............. 4. P. omeiensis<br />
4b. Leaf blade obovate-elliptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, apex acuminate, tips obtuse, adaxially green,<br />
abaxially pale green, not glandular; torus of male flower long acuminate at apex ..................................... 5. P. lotungensis<br />
1. Parakmeria nitida (W. W. Smith) Y. W. Law, Acta Phytotax.<br />
Sin. 34: 91. 1996.<br />
光叶拟单性木兰 guang ye ni dan xing mu lan<br />
Magnolia nitida W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.<br />
Edinburgh 12: 212. 1920; M. nitida var. robusta B. L. Chen &<br />
Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h., with bisexual flowers.<br />
Petiole 1–4 cm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or rarely<br />
obovate-elliptic, 5.5–9.5 × 2–4 cm, leathery, adaxially deep<br />
green and glossy but reddish brown when young, secondary<br />
veins 7–13 on each side of midvein, base cuneate or broadly<br />
cuneate, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers fragrant. Tepals ca.<br />
12; outer 3 tepals outside purplish red at middle, obovatespoon-shaped,<br />
4–5 × 2.3–2.5 cm; tepals of inner 3 whorls pale<br />
yellowish white, gradually smaller. Stamens 1–1.7 cm; connective<br />
exserted ca. 3 mm; anthers ca. 1 cm. Gynoecium green;<br />
styles red. Fruit green, ellipsoid-ovoid, 5–7.5 cm; testa bright<br />
yellow. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1800–2500 m. SE Xizang, NW<br />
Yunnan [N Myanmar].<br />
2. Parakmeria kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Y. W.<br />
Law, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34: 91. 1996.<br />
恒春拟单性木兰 heng chun ni dan xing mu lan<br />
69
70<br />
Michelia kachirachirai Kanehira & Yamamoto, Icon. Pl.<br />
Formosan., Suppl. 2: 14 1926; Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira<br />
& Yamamoto) Dandy; Micheliopsis kachirachirai (Kanehira<br />
& Yamamoto) H. Keng.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall, to 1.2 m d.b.h., with bisexual flowers.<br />
Dry bark dark brown, smooth, massively scaly fissured when<br />
old. Petiole 0.5–2 cm; leaf blade narrowly ovate to narrowly<br />
elliptic, 6.5–12 × 2–3 cm, thinly leathery, secondary veins 14–<br />
16 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex acute to shortly<br />
acuminate. Peduncle 1–1.5 cm; spathaceous bract 1, brown, ca.<br />
2.5 cm, glabrous. Tepals 9–12, in 3 or 4 whorls, pale yellow,<br />
obovate-oblong, 2.5–4 × 1–1.5 cm; tepals of innermost whorl<br />
usually smaller. Stamens 50–60, 1.4–1.8 cm; connective exserted<br />
and forming a mucro; anthers 1.2–1.5 cm. Gynophore<br />
0.5–0.8 cm; gynoecium ovoid, 1.2–1.4 cm; carpels 9–18. Fruit<br />
long cylindric, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.5 cm. Seeds without testa flat,<br />
orbicular or reniform. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct–Nov.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500–1300 m. Taiwan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
3. Parakmeria yunnanensis Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 2.<br />
1951.<br />
云南拟单性木兰 yun nan ni dan xing mu lan<br />
Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 50 cm d.b.h., andro-dioecious. Bark<br />
grayish white, smooth and not fissured. Petiole 1–2.5 cm; leaf<br />
blade ovate-oblong to ovate-elliptic, 6.5–15(–20) × 2–5 cm,<br />
thinly leathery, abaxially pale green and adaxially green but<br />
both surfaces purplish red when young, secondary veins 7–15<br />
on each side of midvein, reticulate veins conspicuous on both<br />
surfaces, base broadly cuneate to nearly rounded, apex shortly<br />
acuminate to acuminate. Flowers fragrant. Male flower: tepals<br />
12, in 4 whorls; outer tepals red, obovate, ca. 4 × 2 cm; tepals of<br />
inner 3 whorls white, narrowly obovate-spoon-shaped, 3–3.5<br />
cm, fleshy, base tapering into claw; stamens ca. 30, ca. 2.5 cm;<br />
filaments ca. 1 cm, red; connective exserted and forming a ca. 1<br />
mm mucro; anthers ca. 1.5 cm; torus rounded at apex. Bisexual<br />
flower: tepals as those of male flowers; stamens fewer than<br />
those of male; gynoecium green, ovoid. Fruit long ovoid, ca. 6<br />
cm; mature carpels rhombic, dehiscing along dorsal sutures<br />
when matured. Seeds compressed, 6–7 × ca. 10 cm; testa red.<br />
Fl. May, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 114.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1200–1500 m. SE Xizang, Yunnan<br />
[N Myanmar].<br />
4. Parakmeria omeiensis W. C. Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1:<br />
1. 1951.<br />
峨眉拟单性木兰 e mei ni dan xing mu lan<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Magnolia omeiensis (W. C. Cheng) Dandy.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall, to 40 cm d.b.h., andro-dioecious. Bark<br />
dark grayish. Petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf blade elliptic, narrowly<br />
elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 8–12 × 2.5–4.5 cm, leathery, glandular,<br />
abaxially pale grayish green, adaxially deep green and<br />
glossy, secondary veins 8–10 on each side of midvein, base<br />
cuneate to narrowly cuneate, apex shortly acuminate with an<br />
obtuse acumen. Male flower: tepals 12; outer 3 tepals pale yellow,<br />
oblong, 3–3.8 × 1–1.4 cm, thinner, apex rounded or obtuse;<br />
tepals of inner 3 whorls milky white, obovate-spoon-shaped,<br />
narrower and smaller, fleshy; stamens ca. 30, 2–2.2 cm; filaments<br />
dark red, 2–4 mm; connective dark red, exserted and<br />
forming a mucro; anthers 1–1.2 cm; torus apex mucronate.<br />
Bisexual flower: tepals same as those of male flowers; stamens<br />
16–18; gynoecium ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm; carpels 8–12. Fruit obovoid,<br />
3–4 cm. Seeds obovate, 6–8 mm in diam.; testa reddish<br />
brown. Fl. May, fr. Sep. 2n = 76*.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1200–1300 m. Sichuan (Emei<br />
Shan).<br />
5. Parakmeria lotungensis (Chun & C. H. Tsoong) Y. W. Law,<br />
Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34: 91. 1996.<br />
乐东拟单性木兰 le dong ni dan xing mu lan<br />
Magnolia lotungensis Chun & C. H. Tsoong, Acta<br />
Phytotax. Sin. 8: 225. 1963; M. nitida W. W. Smith var. lotungensis<br />
(Chun & C. H. Tsoong) B. L. Chen & Nooteboom;<br />
Parakmeria lotungensis var. xiangxiensis C. L. Pang & L. H.<br />
Yan.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h., andro-dioecious. Bark<br />
grayish white. Annual twigs green. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade<br />
narrowly obovate-elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or narrowly elliptic,<br />
6–11 × 2–3.5(–5) cm, leathery, abaxially pale green, adaxially<br />
green and glossy, secondary veins 9–13 on each side of midvein<br />
and conspicuously prominent on both surfaces when dry, base<br />
cuneate to narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate with an obtuse tip.<br />
Male flower: tepals 9–14; outer 3 or 4 tepals pale yellow,<br />
obovate-oblong, 2.5–3.5 × 1.2–2.5 cm; tepals of inner 2 or 3<br />
whorls white; filaments purplish red; connective purplish red,<br />
exserted and forming a mucro; torus long sharply acuminate at<br />
apex and sometimes with a gynophore. Bisexual flower: tepals<br />
10–35, same shape as those of male flowers but smaller; stamens<br />
10–35; gynoecium green, ovoid; carpels 10–20 (sometimes<br />
1–5 due to abortion, and flowers tending to be male).<br />
Fruit ellipsoid-ovoid or rarely obovoid, 3–6 cm. Seeds ellipsoid<br />
to ellipsoid-ovoid, 7–12 × 6–7 mm; testa red. Fl. Apr–May,<br />
fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 114*.<br />
● Forests; 700–1400 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, SE Guizhou,<br />
Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.<br />
10. ALCIMANDRA Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 259, 260. 1927.<br />
长蕊木兰属 chang rui mu lan shu<br />
Trees, evergreen. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole without a stipular scar. Young leaves folded in bud. Flowers terminal, solitary,<br />
bisexual. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls. Stamens 35–40; exserted part of connective tongue-shaped; anther elongated, dehiscing introrsely.<br />
Gynoecium with a gynophore not longer than androecium; carpels ca. 30, distinct; ovules 2–5 per carpel. Mature carpels<br />
leathery, dehiscing along dorsal sutures. Seeds 1–4 per carpel.<br />
One species: Bhutan, SW China, NE India, N Myanmar, N Vietnam.
1. Alcimandra cathcartii (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Dandy,<br />
Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 260. 1927.<br />
长蕊木兰 chang rui mu lan<br />
Michelia cathcartii J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1:<br />
79. 1855; Magnolia cathcartii (J. D. Hooker & Thomson)<br />
Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, to 50 m tall, to 50 cm d.b.h. Young twigs pubescent;<br />
terminal vegetative buds long conic, white villous. Petiole 1.5–<br />
2 cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade ovate to elliptic-ovate,<br />
8–18 cm, leathery, base rounded to broadly cuneate, adaxially<br />
glossy, secondary veins 12–15 on each side of midvein, slender,<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
and ends inconspicuously netted with dense reticulate veins.<br />
Spathaceous bract green, just basal to tepals. Peduncle ca. 1.5<br />
cm. Tepals 9, white, with pellucid glands, ca. 9-veined; outer<br />
3 tepals oblong, 5.5–6 × 2–2.2 cm; tepals of inner 2 whorls<br />
obovate-elliptic, slightly shorter and smaller than outer ones.<br />
Stamens ca. 4 cm; connective exserted and forming a mucro;<br />
anthers ca. 2.8 cm. Gynophore ca. 1 cm; gynoecium cylindric,<br />
ca. 2 × 0.3 cm; carpels ca. 30. Fruit 3.5–4 cm; mature carpels<br />
compressed globose, white lenticellate. Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
2n = 38.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1800–2700 m. SE Xizang, S and<br />
W Yunnan [Bhutan, India (Assam, Sikkim), Myanmar, Vietnam].<br />
11. YULANIA Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phan. 7: 462. 1839.<br />
玉兰属 yu lan shu<br />
Magnolia subg. Pleurochasma Dandy; M. subg. Yulania (Spach) Reichenbach.<br />
Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Stipules membranous, adnate to petiole and leaving a scar on petiole. Leaves spirally arranged,<br />
folded in bud, erect when young; leaf blade membranous or thickly papery, margin entire or rarely 2-lobed at apex. Flowers terminal<br />
on brachyblasts, solitary, bisexual, appearing before or at same time as leaves, large and showy, usually fragrant. Tepals 9–15(–45), 3<br />
per whorl, white, pink, purplish red, or rarely yellow, subequal, sometimes outer ones (perules) smaller, greenish or yellowish brown,<br />
and sepal-like. Stamens caducous; filaments flat; connective exserted and forming a long or short mucro; anthers dehiscing introrselatrorsely<br />
or latrorsely. Gynoecium without a gynophore; carpels distinct; ovules 2(–4) per carpel; styles curved outward. Fruit<br />
usually terete when mature, often curved because of carpels partly abortive; mature carpels often distinct or rarely connate, leathery<br />
or subwoody, dehiscing along dorsal sutures, persistent on torus.<br />
About 25 species: temperate and subtropical regions of SE Asia and North America; 18 species including one to six hybrid species (16 endemic,<br />
one introduced) in China.<br />
Yulania kobus (Candolle) Spach (Magnolia kobus Candolle, nom. cons.; M. praecocissima Koidzumi), native to Japan and S Korea, is cultivated<br />
as a garden plant in Shandong and Zhejiang.<br />
“Magnolia glabrata Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” and “M. glabrata var. multipetala Y. W. Law & Q. W. Zeng” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 62,<br />
64. 2004) either represent hybrids between Yulania (Magnolia) species found in plantations grown for medicinal xinyi or could be a synonyms of<br />
already published taxa; however, they were not validly published because no Latin descriptions or diagnoses were provided and no types were<br />
indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
1a. Tepals unequal, outer ones sepal-like and much smaller than inner ones.<br />
2a. Flowers appearing at same time as or later than leaves; leaf blade conspicuously decurrent at base; stipular<br />
scar nearly 1/2 as long as petiole ............................................................................................................................ 12. Y. liliiflora<br />
2b. Flowers appearing before leaves; leaf blade not decurrent at base; stipular scar less than 1/2 as long as petiole.<br />
3a. Mature carpels connate or densely aggregated, not curved, abaxially white lenticellate ............................ 11. Y. cylindrica<br />
3b. Mature carpels distinct from each other, usually curved, tuberculate abaxially.<br />
4a. Gynoecium with trichomes.<br />
5a. Young twigs yellowish green, densely pubescent; leaf blade varied in shape, obovate,<br />
ovate, obtriangular, or orbicular, apex obtuse with an acute acumen or emarginate<br />
or lobed .................................................................................................................................. 13. Y. jigongshanensis<br />
5b. Young twigs purplish brown, glabrous; leaf blade obovate, apex obtusely rounded,<br />
with a shortly acute mucro ................................................................................................................ 16. Y. pilocarpa<br />
4b. Gynoecium glabrous.<br />
6a. Twigs glabrous ........................................................................................................................................ 9. Y. biondii<br />
6b. Twigs with trichomes ............................................................................................................................ 10. Y. stellata<br />
1b. Tepals subequal, outer ones not much smaller and sepal-like.<br />
7a. Tepals clawed at base; leaf blade elliptic or ovate.<br />
8a. Tepals 12–16, obovate-spatulate or oblong-ovate ......................................................................................... 1. Y. campbellii<br />
8b. Tepals 33–48, narrowly elliptic ......................................................................................................................... 18. Y. viridula<br />
7b. Tepals base usually not clawed; leaf blade obovate or elliptic-obovate.<br />
9a. Leaf blade usually emarginate or obtuse at apex.<br />
10a. Leaf blade obovate-spatulate or narrowly obovate, apex emarginate, abaxially dense silvery wavy<br />
villous; tepals 10–14 ........................................................................................................................... 2. Y. sargentiana<br />
10b. Leaf blade narrowly oblong-spatulate or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse, abaxially glabrous or<br />
with trichomes along veins; tepals 9–12 ............................................................................................ 3. Y. dawsoniana<br />
71
72<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
9b. Leaf blade acute or shortly acuminate at apex.<br />
11a. Twigs with trichomes.<br />
12a. Leaf blade irregularly triangular; gynoecium densely villous ..................................................... 14. Y. mirifolia<br />
12b. Leaf blade obovate; gynoecium glabrous.<br />
13a. Tepals pure white, sometimes reddish at base abaxially, outer ones equal to inner<br />
ones in length ....................................................................................................................... 8. Y. denudata<br />
13b. Tepals pale to dark red, outer ones ca. 2/3 as long as inner ones .............................. 17. Y. ×soulangeana<br />
11b. Twigs glabrous.<br />
14a. Tepals 12–24.<br />
15a. Leaf blade 10–18 cm, lower ca. 2/3 cuneate; each flower bud with 1 flower, tepals rosy<br />
(to red) outside, whitish within ............................................................................................ 4. Y. sprengeri<br />
15b. Leaf blade 5–10 cm, base broadly cuneate; each flower bud with 2 or 3 flowers;<br />
tepals white ........................................................................................................................ 15. Y. multiflora<br />
14b. Tepals 9–12.<br />
16a. Leaf blade obovate to narrowly obovate-elliptic, apex acuminate to abruptly cuspidate,<br />
acumen 0.5–2 cm; tepals red or pale red ................................................................................ 5. Y. amoena<br />
16b. Leaf blade obovate-oblong, apex rounded, with an acuminate mucro; tepals pale<br />
purplish red.<br />
17a. Tepals 9, upper part white, lower part pale purplish red .................................................... 6. Y. zenii<br />
17b. Tepals 11(or 12), pale purplish red .................................................................... 7. Y. elliptigemmata<br />
1. Yulania campbellii (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) D. L. Fu, J.<br />
Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
滇藏玉兰 dian zang yu lan<br />
Magnolia campbellii J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1:<br />
77. 1855; M. campbellii subsp. mollicomata (W. W. Smith) G.<br />
H. Johnstone; M. campbellii var. mollicomata (W. W. Smith) F.<br />
S. Ward; M. mollicomata W. W. Smith.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall. Bark grayish brown. Twigs yellowish<br />
green when young and reddish brown when old, glabrous.<br />
Stipular scar short and small. Petiole 1–5 cm, pilose; leaf blade<br />
elliptic, oblong-ovate, or broadly obovate, 10–23(–33) × 4.5–<br />
10(–14) cm, papery, abaxially grayish green and white appressed<br />
pilose, adaxially deep green and glabrous, midvein and<br />
secondary veins appressed long sericeous, secondary veins 12–<br />
16 on each side of midvein, base rounded to broadly cuneate<br />
and usually unequal, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Peduncle<br />
thick and strong, ca. 2 cm, glabrous or slightly pilose. Flower<br />
buds ovoid, ca. 2.5 cm, pale yellow sericeous. Flowers appearing<br />
before leaves, 15–25(–35) cm in diam., slightly fragrant.<br />
Tepals 12–16, dark red, pink, or sometimes white, obovate-spoon-shaped<br />
to oblong-ovate, 6–14 × 4–6 cm, base<br />
gradually narrowed and forming a claw; outer 3 patent, reflexed,<br />
or pendulous; tepals of innermost whorl broadly ovate<br />
to suborbicular, 8–10 × 4–6 cm, erect, surrounding stamens and<br />
gynoecium. Stamens 1–3 cm; filaments purplish red. Gynoecium<br />
green, 2–3 cm; stigmas red. Fruiting peduncle thick and<br />
strong, 1–1.5 cm in diam., glabrous. Fruit purplish red turning<br />
brown, terete, 11–20 × 2.5–3 cm, at first erect then pendulous;<br />
mature carpels firmly connate, thin, dehiscing into 2 valves<br />
along dorsal sutures. Seeds cordate, 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm, laterally<br />
flat. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Jul. 2n = 114.<br />
Forests; 2500–3500 m. S Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India<br />
(Assam, Sikkim), N Myanmar, Nepal].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
2. Yulania sargentiana (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) D. L. Fu, J.<br />
Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
凹叶玉兰 ao ye yu lan<br />
Magnolia sargentiana Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent,<br />
Pl. Wilson. 1: 398. 1913; M. conspicua Salisbury var. emarginata<br />
Finet & Gagnepain; M. denudata Desrousseaux var.<br />
emarginata (Finet & Gagnepain) Pampanini; M. emarginata<br />
(Finet & Gagnepain) W. C. Cheng; M. sargentiana var. robusta<br />
Rehder & E. H. Wilson.<br />
Trees 8–20(–25) m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Annual twigs yellowish<br />
green later becoming gray. Stipular scar 1/6–1/4 as long<br />
as petiole. Petiole 2–4.5 cm; leaf blade obovate to rarely oblong-obovate,<br />
10–19 × 6–10 cm, nearly leathery, abaxially pale<br />
green and densely silvery gray wavy villous but when young<br />
those on trunk only with trichomes abaxially along midvein,<br />
adaxially dark green, glabrous, and glossy, secondary veins 8–<br />
12 on each side of midvein, base narrowly cuneate to broadly<br />
cuneate, apex rounded and emarginate or mucronate. Flower<br />
buds ovoid, ca. 3.5 cm, pale yellow villous. Flowers appearing<br />
before leaves, 15–33(–36) cm, erect or pendulous, slightly fragrant.<br />
Tepals 10–14(–17), in 3 whorls, pale red to pale purplish<br />
red, obovate-spoon-shaped or narrowly obovate, 8–10 × 3–4.3<br />
cm, fleshy, apex rounded to emarginate. Stamens 1–1.9 cm; filaments<br />
purple; connective exserted and forming a 0.5–1 mm<br />
mucro; anthers 7–9 mm, dehiscing laterally, base broad. Gynoecium<br />
green, terete, 1.8–2 cm, glabrous; stigmas purple. Fruiting<br />
peduncle thick and strong, 7–10 mm in diam., with residual trichomes<br />
on nodes. Fruit terete, 8–15(–17) × 2–3 cm, usually<br />
wrinkled; mature carpels blackish purple, hemispherical or subglobose,<br />
1.2–1.4 × ca. 0.9 cm, densely tuberculate, apex shortly<br />
beaked. Seeds nearly reniform, irregularly orbicular, or obovate,<br />
10–12 × 6–8 mm, bilaterally flat; testa reddish brown. Fl. Apr–<br />
May, fr. Sep. 2n = 114*.<br />
● Wet broad-leaved forests; 1400–3000 m. C and S Sichuan, N<br />
and NE Yunnan.<br />
3. Yulania dawsoniana (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) D. L. Fu, J.<br />
Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
光叶玉兰 guang ye yu lan
Magnolia dawsoniana Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sargent,<br />
Pl. Wilson. 1: 397. 1913.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Twigs yellowish green<br />
becoming yellowish brown, glabrous or with fine trichomes,<br />
sparsely lenticellate. Petiole slender, 1–3 cm, base with short<br />
stipular scar; leaf blade obovate to elliptic-obovate, 7.5–14(–18)<br />
× 4–8 cm, basal ca. 2/3 gradually narrowing, abaxially pale<br />
green, vein axils and both sides of midvein usually residual<br />
with white villous hairs, adaxially green and glossy with only<br />
fine trichomes along midvein but glabrescent, secondary veins<br />
8–10 on each side of midvein and usually reddish, reticulate<br />
veins conspicuously prominent on both surfaces when dry, base<br />
cuneate and usually oblique, apex obtuse, shortly acute, or<br />
rarely emarginate. Peduncle 1–1.5 cm, nodes villous. Flowers<br />
appearing before leaves, 16–25 cm in diam., erect to nodding,<br />
fragrant. Tepals 9–12, white but outside reddish, narrowly oblong-spoon-shaped<br />
to obovate-oblong, subequal, apex obtuse to<br />
emarginate. Stamens purplish red, 1.2–2 cm; filaments 3–4.5<br />
mm. Gynoecium narrowly cylindric, 1.5–2 cm. Fruit dark red<br />
when fresh turning dark reddish brown, cylindric, 7–14 × 2.5–<br />
3.5 cm, slightly curved because part of carpels sterile; mature<br />
carpels obovoid, with sparse yellow lenticels, 2-valved, apex<br />
rounded and without a beak. Seeds compressed orbicular or<br />
irregularly triangular, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–<br />
Oct.<br />
● Forests; 1400–2500 m. NW Hunan (Sangzhi), C Sichuan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
4. Yulania sprengeri (Pampanini) D. L. Fu, J. Wuhan Bot. Res.<br />
19: 198. 2001.<br />
武当玉兰 wu dang yu lan<br />
Magnolia sprengeri Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital.,<br />
n.s., 22: 295. 1915; M. denudata Desrousseaux var. elongata<br />
Rehder & E. H. Wilson; M. denudata var. purpurascens Rehder<br />
& E. H. Wilson; M. diva Stapf ex Millais; M. elongata (Rehder<br />
& E. H. Wilson) Millais; M. sprengeri var. diva Stapf; M.<br />
sprengeri var. elongata (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Stapf; M.<br />
wufengensis L. Y. Ma & L. R. Wang; M. wufengensis var. multitepala<br />
L. Y. Ma & L. R. Wang; Yulania denudata (Desrousseaux)<br />
D. L. Fu var. elongata (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) D. L. Fu<br />
& T. B. Chao.<br />
Trees, to 21 m tall. Bark pale grayish brown or blackish<br />
brown, falling in small flakes when old. Twigs pale yellowish<br />
brown becoming gray, glabrous. Petiole 1–3 cm with small<br />
stipular scar; leaf blade obovate, 10–18 × 4.5–10 cm, abaxially<br />
finely appressed pilose at first, adaxially sparsely appressed<br />
pilose along midvein and secondary veins, base cuneate, apex<br />
acute to abruptly shortly acuminate. Flower buds erect, pale<br />
grayish yellow sericeous. Flowers appearing before leaves, cupular,<br />
fragrant. Tepals 12(–14), outside rosy red and dark purple<br />
striated, obovate-spoon-shaped to spoon-shaped, 5–13 × 2.5–<br />
3.5 cm, subequal. Stamens 1–1.5 cm; filaments purplish red,<br />
broad and flat; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers<br />
ca. 5 mm, slightly distinct. Gynoecium pale green, cylindric,<br />
2–3 cm; styles rosy red. Fruit cylindric, 6–18 cm; mature<br />
carpels brown, flat and orbicular. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
● Forests, thickets; 1300–2400 m. Chongqing, S Gansu, Guizhou,<br />
SW Henan, Hubei, NW Hunan, NW Jiangxi (Xiushui), Shaanxi, C<br />
Sichuan, Yunnan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.<br />
5. Yulania amoena (W. C. Cheng) D. L. Fu, J. Wuhan Bot.<br />
Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
天目玉兰 tian mu yu lan<br />
Magnolia amoena W. C. Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci.<br />
Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 9: 280. 1934.<br />
Trees, to 12 m tall. Bark gray or grayish white. Twigs<br />
green when young becoming purple when old, 3–4 mm in<br />
diam., glabrous; buds with grayish white appressed trichomes.<br />
Stipular scar 1/5–1/2 as long as petiole. Petiole 0.8–1.3 cm, at<br />
first with white long trichomes; leaf blade obovate to narrowly<br />
obovate-elliptic, 10–15 × 3.5–5 cm, papery, abaxially with<br />
white curved long trichomes along veins and in axils, adaxially<br />
glabrous, secondary veins 10–13 on each side of midvein, base<br />
broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acuminate to abruptly cuspidate,<br />
acumen 0.5–2 cm. Spathaceous bract just below tepals.<br />
Flowers appearing before leaves, red to pale red, ca. 6 cm in<br />
diam., fragrant. Tepals 9, oblanceolate to spoon-shaped, 5–5.6<br />
cm. Stamens 9–10 mm; filaments purplish red, 3.5–4 mm;<br />
connective exserted and forming a 0.5–0.7 mm mucro; anthers<br />
4.5–5 mm, dehiscing laterally. Gynoecium cylindric, ca. 2 cm ×<br />
2 mm; stigmas ca. 1 mm. Fruiting peduncle ca. 1 cm, with<br />
residual villous trichomes. Fruit cylindric, 4–10 cm, usually<br />
curved because of carpels partly undeveloped; mature carpels<br />
compressed globose, ca. 10 × 6–7 mm, tuberculate, dehiscing<br />
into 2 valves along dorsal sutures, apex obtuse. Seeds (without<br />
testa) cordate, 8–9 × 5–6 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Montane sparse forests; 700–1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Hebei, S<br />
Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.<br />
6. Yulania zenii (W. C. Cheng) D. L. Fu, J. Wuhan Bot. Res.<br />
19: 198. 2001.<br />
宝华玉兰 bao hua yu lan<br />
Magnolia zenii W. C. Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc.<br />
China, Bot. Ser. 8: 291. 1933; M. elliptilimba Y. W. Law & Z.<br />
Y. Gao.<br />
Trees, to 11 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish white,<br />
smooth. Old twigs purple, sparsely lenticellate; young twigs<br />
green, glabrous; buds narrowly ovoid, apex slightly curved,<br />
long sericeous. Stipular scar 1/5–1/2 as long as petiole. Petiole<br />
0.6–1.8 cm, at first villous; leaf blade obovate-oblong to oblong,<br />
7–16 × 3–7 cm, membranous, abaxially pale green, adaxially<br />
green and glabrous, midvein and secondary veins with long<br />
curved trichomes, secondary veins 8–10 on each side of midvein,<br />
base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex broadly rounded and<br />
with an acuminate tip. Peduncle 2–4 mm, with dense long trichomes.<br />
Flower buds ovoid. Flowers appearing before leaves,<br />
ca. 12 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9, nearly spoon-shaped,<br />
6.8–7.8 × 2.7–3.8 cm, apex rounded to slightly acuminate; inner<br />
tepals white but outside pale purplish red from base to middle<br />
and apically white, narrower and smaller. Stamens ca. 1.1 cm;<br />
filaments purple, ca. 4 mm; connective exserted and forming a<br />
mucro; anthers ca. 7 mm, thecae divergent, dehiscing introrsely.<br />
73
74<br />
Gynoecium cylindric, ca. 2 cm; carpels ca. 4 mm; styles ca. 1<br />
mm. Fruit cylindric, 5–7 cm; mature carpels suborbicular,<br />
tuberculate, apex obtuse. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
● Hills; ca. 200 m. Jiangsu (Baohua Shan, Jurong).<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
7. Yulania elliptigemmata (C. L. Guo & L. L. Huang) N. H.<br />
Xia, comb. nov.<br />
椭蕾玉兰 tuo lei yu lan<br />
Basionym: Magnolia elliptigemmata C. L. Guo & L. L.<br />
Huang, J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 10: 325. 1992.<br />
Trees, to 10 m tall, 40–50 cm d.b.h. Bark gray, with<br />
grayish white massive lenticels. Twigs, petioles, and adaxial<br />
surface of leaf blades glabrous. Stipular scar 1/4–1/3 as long as<br />
petiole. Petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf blade obovate to broadly obovate,<br />
5–9 × 4.5–6.5 cm, abaxially green, white appressed pubescent<br />
when young, adaxially dark green, secondary veins 7 or 8<br />
on each side of midvein, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex<br />
broadly rounded, slightly emarginate, or shortly acute. Peduncle<br />
ca. 6 mm. Flowers appearing before leaves, fragrant. Tepals<br />
11(or 12), pale purplish red but basally darker and apically<br />
lighter, obovate-spoon-shaped, 5.5–6.7 × 2.2–3.2 cm, subequal.<br />
Stamens ca. 50, 1–1.5 cm; filaments ca. 4 mm; connective exserted<br />
and forming a ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers dehiscing laterally.<br />
Gynoecium cylindric, 1.8–2 cm, glabrous; styles 2–3<br />
mm. Fruit 4–7 cm, usually withered because of carpels partly<br />
undeveloped; mature carpels compressed globose, 0.7–1.5 cm<br />
in diam., dehiscing into 2 valves, tuberculate. Seeds beanshaped<br />
or cordate; testa red; endotesta pale brown. Fl. Mar, fr.<br />
Sep–Oct.<br />
● Forests; ca. 700 m. Hubei (Yuan’an).<br />
This is possibly a form of Yulania sprengeri with smaller leaves.<br />
8. Yulania denudata (Desrousseaux) D. L. Fu, J. Wuhan Bot.<br />
Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
玉兰 yu lan<br />
Magnolia denudata Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 3:<br />
675. 1792; Gwillimia yulan (Desfontaines) de Vos; Lassonia<br />
heptapeta Buc’hoz, nom. utique rej.; M. alexandrina Steudel;<br />
M. citriodora Steudel; M. conspicua Salisbury; M. conspicua<br />
var. purpurascens Maximowicz; M. cyathiformis Rinz ex K.<br />
Koch; M. denudata var. angustitepala T. B. Chao & Zhi X.<br />
Chen; M. denudata var. pyramidalis T. B. Chao & Zhi X. Chen;<br />
M. denudata var. pyriformis T. D. Yang & T. C. Cui; M. heptapeta<br />
(Buc’hoz) Dandy, comb. rej.; M. obovata Thunberg var.<br />
denudata (Desrousseaux) Candolle; M. yulan Desfontaines;<br />
Michelia yulan (Desfontaines) Kosteletzky; Yulania conspicua<br />
(Salisbury) Spach; Y. denudata var. flava D. L. Fu et al.; Y.<br />
denudata subsp. pubescens (D. L. Fu et al.) D. L. Fu et al.; Y.<br />
denudata var. pubescens D. L. Fu et al.; Y. denudata var. purpurascens<br />
(Maximowicz) D. L. Fu; Y. denudata var. pyramidalis<br />
(T. B. Chao & Zhi X. Chen) D. L. Fu; Y. pyriformis (T. D.<br />
Yang & T. C. Cui) D. L. Fu.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark deep gray, coarse<br />
and fissured. Winter buds and peduncles densely pale grayish<br />
yellow long sericeous. Branches patent and forming a broad<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
crown; twigs grayish brown, slightly thick and strong. Stipular<br />
scar 1/4–1/3 as long as petiole. Petiole 1–2.5 cm, villous, adaxially<br />
narrowly furrowed; leaf blade obovate, broadly obovate,<br />
or obovate-elliptic but basal leaves elliptic, 10–15(–18) × 6–<br />
10(–12) cm, papery, gradually narrowing from middle toward<br />
base, abaxially pale green and villous along veins, adaxially<br />
deep green, villous when young, and later only pilose on midvein<br />
and secondary veins, secondary veins 8–10 on each side of<br />
midvein, reticulate veins conspicuous, apex broadly rounded,<br />
truncate, or slightly emarginate. Peduncle significantly enlarged,<br />
densely pale yellow long sericeous. Flower buds ovoid.<br />
Flowers appearing before leaves, 10–16 cm in diam., erect,<br />
fragrant. Tepals 9, white, oblong-obovate, 6–8(–10) × 2.5–<br />
4.5(–6.5) cm, subequal, base usually pinkish. Stamens 7–12<br />
mm; connective ca. 5 mm wide, exserted and forming a mucro;<br />
anthers 6–7 mm, dehiscing laterally. Gynoecium pale green,<br />
cylindric, 2–2.5 cm, glabrous; ovaries narrowly ovoid, 3–4 mm;<br />
styles conical, ca. 4 mm. Fruit cylindric but in cultivation often<br />
curved because of carpels partly undeveloped, 12–15 × 3.5–5<br />
cm; mature carpels brown, thickly woody, white lenticellate.<br />
Seeds cordate, ca. 9 × 10 mm, laterally compressed; testa red;<br />
endotesta black. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 76*, 114*.<br />
● Forests; 500–1000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, N Guangdong, Guizhou,<br />
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Zhejiang.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and for timber. It is widely<br />
cultivated in temperate parts of the world.<br />
9. Yulania biondii (Pampanini) D. L. Fu, J. Wuhan Bot. Res.<br />
19: 198. 2001.<br />
望春玉兰 wang chun yu lan<br />
Magnolia biondii Pampanini, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s.,<br />
17: 275. 1910; M. aulacosperma Rehder & E. H. Wilson; M.<br />
biondii var. axilliflora T. B. Chao et al.; M. biondii var. flava T.<br />
B. Chao et al.; M. biondii var. latitepala T. B. Chao & J. T. Gao<br />
[“tatitepala”]; M. biondii var. multialabastra T. B. Chao et al.;<br />
M. biondii var. ovata T. B. Chao & T. X. Zhang; M. biondii var.<br />
planities T. B. Chao & Y. Z. Qiao; M. conspicua Salisbury var.<br />
fargesii Finet & Gagnepain; M. denudata Desrousseaux var.<br />
fargesii (Finet & Gagnepain) Pampanini; M. fargesii (Finet &<br />
Gagnepain) W. C. Cheng; M. funiushanensis T. B. Chao et al.;<br />
M. funiushanensis var. purpurea T. B. Chao & J. T. Gao; Yulania<br />
biondii var. angustitepala D. L. Fu et al.<br />
Trees, to 12 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark pale gray, smooth.<br />
Twigs grayish green, 3–4 mm in diam., glabrous; terminal buds<br />
ovoid to broadly ovoid, 1.7–3 cm, densely pale yellow opened<br />
villous. Stipular scar 1/5–1/3 as long as petiole. Petiole 1–2 cm;<br />
leaf blade narrowly elliptic, narrowly ovate, narrowly obovate,<br />
or ovate, 10–18 × 3.5–6.5 cm, abaxially light green and<br />
appressed lanate but later glabrescent, adaxially dark green,<br />
secondary veins 10–15 on each side of midvein, base broadly<br />
cuneate to obtuse and decurrent on petiole, margin dry membranous,<br />
apex acute to shortly acuminate. Peduncle ca. 1 cm,<br />
with 3 bract scars, apically swollen. Flowers appearing before<br />
leaves, 6–8 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9; outer 3 tepals sepaloid,<br />
purplish red, nearly narrowly obovate-linear, ca. 1 cm;<br />
tepals of middle and inner whorls white but usually outside purplish<br />
red at base, spoon-shaped, 4–5 × 1.3–2.5 cm; tepals of<br />
inner whorls smaller and narrower. Stamens 8–10 mm; fila-
ments purple, 3–4 mm; anthers 4–5 mm. Gynoecium 1.5–2 cm.<br />
Fruiting peduncle ca. 1 × 0.7 cm, with residual long sericeous<br />
trichomes. Fruit cylindric, 8–14 cm, usually withered because<br />
of carpels partly undeveloped; mature carpels light brown, suborbicular,<br />
compressed laterally, tuberculate. Seeds cordate, with<br />
a V-shaped furrow prominent in middle, abaxially deeply furrowed,<br />
apically concave, apex inconspicuously acute; testa<br />
bright red; endotesta dark black. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep. 2n = 76*.<br />
● Forests; 600–2100 m. Chongqing, SE Gansu, Henan, Hubei, N<br />
Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.<br />
“Magnolia biondii var. parvialabastra T. B. Chao,” “M. biondii<br />
var. purpurea T. B. Chao et al.,” and “M. honanensis B. Y. Ding & T. B.<br />
Chao” (in J. Henan Agric. College 1983(4): 7, 8, 10. 1983) belong here<br />
but were not validly published because in each case two gatherings<br />
were indicated as types (Vienna Code, Art. 37.2).<br />
10. Yulania stellata (Maximowicz) N. H. Xia, comb. nov.<br />
星花玉兰 xing hua yu lan<br />
Basionym: Magnolia stellata Maximowicz, Bull. Acad.<br />
Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 17: 418. 1872; M. sinostellata<br />
P. L. Chiu & Z. H. Chen; Yulania sinostellata (P. L.<br />
Chiu & Z. H. Chen) D. L. Fu.<br />
Shrubs, 0.3–2.4 m tall. Twigs slender, lenticellate; old<br />
twigs grayish brown; annual and biennial twigs green. Stipular<br />
scar ca. 1/2 as long as petiole. Petiole 3–12 mm, glabrous; leaf<br />
blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or obovate-elliptic, 7–12 × 2.5–<br />
4 cm, abaxially glabrous or white pubescent in vein axils, adaxially<br />
glabrous, midvein abaxially slightly impressed, secondary<br />
veins 6–8 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex acuminate<br />
to caudate. Peduncle 3–5 mm, densely yellow sericeous.<br />
Flower buds 1.5–2 cm. Flowers appearing before leaves, 5–7<br />
cm in diam. Tepals 12–15(–18), in 4 or 5(or 6) whorls, pale red<br />
at first but later gradually becoming white with red on outside<br />
on apical part or only at middle, oblanceolate to obovate-spoonshaped,<br />
3.3–4.5 × 1.3–1.8 cm, fleshy, apex rounded to nearly<br />
acute. Stamens 86–99, 7–9(–10) mm; filaments 1–2(–3) mm;<br />
anthers 6–7 mm. Gynoecium cylindric, 6–8 × 2–4 mm; carpels<br />
many, narrowly ovoid, ca. 2 mm, distinct, glabrous; stigmas<br />
ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit not seen. Fl. Feb.<br />
Sparse forests; ca. 1000 m. Naturalized in Zhejiang (Jingning)<br />
[native to Japan].<br />
This species is commonly cultivated in Jiangsu, Shandong, and<br />
Zhejiang.<br />
In FRPS (30(1): 139. 1996) the name Magnolia tomentosa Thunberg,<br />
nom. utique rej., was misapplied to this species.<br />
One of us (Xia) considers that Yulania sinostellata is a distinct<br />
species.<br />
11. Yulania cylindrica (E. H. Wilson) D. L. Fu, J. Wuhan Bot.<br />
Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
黄山玉兰 huang shan yu lan<br />
Magnolia cylindrica E. H. Wilson, J. Arnold Arbor. 8: 109.<br />
1927.<br />
Trees, to 10 m tall. Bark grayish white, smooth. Young<br />
twigs, petioles, and leaf blade abaxial surfaces with pale yellow<br />
appressed trichomes. Old twigs purplish brown, bark with<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
pungent odor when crushed. Stipular scar 1/6–1/3 as long as<br />
petiole. Petiole 0.5–2 cm, narrowly furrowed; leaf blade obovate,<br />
narrowly obovate, or obovate-oblong, 6–14 × 2–5(–6.5)<br />
cm, membranous, abaxially grayish green, adaxially green and<br />
glabrous, base nearly rounded to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse,<br />
acute, or caudate. Peduncle 1–1.5 cm, thick and strong, densely<br />
pale yellow long sericeous. Flowers appearing before leaves,<br />
erect. Flower buds ovoid, with pale grayish yellow to silvery<br />
gray long trichomes. Tepals 9; outer 3 tepals sepal-like, 1.2–2 ×<br />
ca. 0.4 cm, membranous; tepals of middle and inner whorls<br />
white but base usually red, petal-like, obovate, 6.5–10 × 2.5–4.5<br />
cm, base clawed; inner 3 tepals erect. Stamens ca. 1 cm; filaments<br />
pale red; connective exserted and forming a tip or mucro.<br />
Gynoecium green, cylindric-ovoid, ca. 1.2 cm. Fruit purplish<br />
red at first then turning dark purplish black, cylindric, 5–7.5 ×<br />
1.8–2.5 cm, pendulous; mature carpels connate and not<br />
curved. Seeds (without testa) brown, cordate, 7–10 × 9–11 mm,<br />
laterally compressed, adaxially broadly furrowed, base cuneate,<br />
apex V-shaped. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 76*.<br />
● Forests; 700–1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, S Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi,<br />
Zhejiang.<br />
“Magnolia concinna Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” (in Y. H. Liu,<br />
Magnolias China, 44. 2004) belongs here but was not validly published<br />
because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no type was<br />
indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
12. Yulania liliiflora (Desrousseaux) D. L. Fu, J. Wuhan Bot.<br />
Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
紫玉兰 zi yu lan<br />
Magnolia liliiflora Desrousseaux in Lamarck, Encycl. 3:<br />
675. 1792; Lassonia quinquepeta Buc’hoz, nom. utique rej.; M.<br />
plena C. L. Peng & L. H. Yan; M. polytepala Y. W. Law et al.;<br />
M. quinquipeta (Buc’hoz) Dandy, comb. rej.; Yulania japonica<br />
Spach.<br />
Shrubs, to 3 m tall, usually caespitose. Bark grayish brown.<br />
Twigs greenish purple to pale purplish brown. Stipular scar ca.<br />
1/2 as long as petiole. Petiole 0.8–2 cm; leaf blade ellipticobovate<br />
to obovate, 8–18 × 3–10 cm, abaxially grayish green<br />
and pubescent along veins, adaxially deep green and sparsely<br />
pubescent when young, secondary veins 8–10 on each side of<br />
midvein, base gradually narrowing along petiole to stipular<br />
scar, apex acute to acuminate. Peduncle thick and strong, with<br />
trichomes. Flower buds ovoid, pale yellow sericeous. Flowers<br />
appearing at same time with leaves, vase-shaped, erect, slightly<br />
fragrant. Tepals 9–12; outer 3 tepals purplish green, sepal-like,<br />
lanceolate, 2–3.5 cm, caducous; tepals of inner 2 whorls purple<br />
to purplish red outside and whitish inside, petal-like, ellipticobovate,<br />
8–10 × 3–4.5 cm, fleshy. Stamens purplish red, 8–10<br />
mm; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers ca. 7<br />
mm, dehiscing laterally. Gynoecium pale purple, ca. 1.5 cm,<br />
glabrous. Fruit dark purplish brown, cylindric, 7–10 cm; mature<br />
carpels subglobose, apex shortly beaked. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–<br />
Sep. 2n = 76*.<br />
● Forest margins, slopes; 300–1600 m. Chongqing, Fujian, Hubei,<br />
S Shaanxi, Sichuan, NW Yunnan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.<br />
75
76<br />
13. Yulania jigongshanensis (T. B. Chao et al.) D. L. Fu, J.<br />
Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
鸡公山玉兰 ji gong shan yu lan<br />
Magnolia jigongshanensis T. B. Chao et al., J. Henan<br />
Univ., Nat. Sci. 26: 62. 2000.<br />
Trees. Twigs purplish brown, lustrous, glabrous, rarely pubescent;<br />
young twigs pale yellowish green, terete, densely pubescent.<br />
Petiole 1–3 cm, furrowed adaxially; leaf blade broadly<br />
elliptic, broadly ovate, orbicular, suborbicular, obovate, or obtriangular,<br />
16.5–19.5 × 5–17.5 cm, thinly leathery to leathery,<br />
abaxially pale yellowish green and densely curved pubescent,<br />
adaxially dark green, lustrous, and densely pubescent along<br />
veins, secondary veins 5–9 on each side of midvein and prominent<br />
on both surfaces, base subrounded to broadly cuneate,<br />
apex obtuse and with a long mucro to 2-lobed. Brachyblasts<br />
densely pubescent. Flower buds ovoid, small, densely grayish<br />
white to pale yellowish brown villous. Flowers appearing before<br />
leaves. Tepals 9; outer 3 tepals pale yellowish green, sepallike,<br />
triangular or lanceolate, 1–5(–15) mm, membranous; inner<br />
6 tepals pale yellowish white but outside pale purplish in middle<br />
at base, petal-like, spatulate-elliptic, 5–9 × 3–5 cm, apex obtuse<br />
to sometimes emarginate. Stamens 65–71; filaments purple;<br />
anthers 0.8–1.3 cm, dehiscing latrorsely. Carpels many,<br />
densely pubescent. Fruit terete, 15–20 × 3–5 cm. Fl. Apr, fr.<br />
Aug.<br />
● Henan (Jigong Shan).<br />
One of the largest plantations of Yulania for growing medicinal<br />
xinyi is found at Jigong Shan Forest Station in Xinying, Henan. This<br />
plant may be one of the many hybrids that originate in plantations with<br />
different Yulania species, probably with Yulania biondii as one of the<br />
parents.<br />
14. Yulania mirifolia D. L. Fu et al., Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin<br />
24: 261. 2004.<br />
奇叶玉兰 qi ye yu lan<br />
Trees, to 8 m tall. Juvenile twigs purplish brown, shiny,<br />
later densely pale yellow pubescent, glabrescent or with persistent<br />
trichomes. Stipules long lanceolate, 1.5–2 cm, abaxially<br />
densely silvery pubescent, apex obtuse; stipular scar conspicuous,<br />
less than 1/5 as long as petiole. Petiole 1.5–2.5(–5) cm,<br />
pubescent; leaf blade irregularly obtriangular, 9.2–16.5 × 7–<br />
11.5 cm, abaxially pale green and densely pubescent, adaxially<br />
glabrous but pubescent along midvein, secondary veins 6–9 on<br />
each side of midvein, reticulate veins conspicuous on both surfaces,<br />
base cuneate, apex with 2 irregular orbicular to triangular<br />
lobes. Brachyblasts densely pale yellowish white villous. Flower<br />
buds ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–1.2 cm, apex obtuse; bracts 1(or 2),<br />
thickly leathery, abaxially densely pale brown villous. Flowers<br />
appearing before leaves. Tepals 12, white, spatulate-long elliptic,<br />
5.5–6.5 × 2.5–3.2 cm, pale purplish outside in middle at<br />
base, base narrowly cuneate, apex obtuse. Stamens 6–8 mm;<br />
filaments abaxially pale purple, ca. 2 mm; connective apex<br />
acute and with a ca. 1.5 mm mucro; anthers 4–6 mm, dehiscing<br />
latrorsely. Gynoecium pale green to green, terete, 1.2–2 cm;<br />
carpels many, densely white pubescent; styles pale green, 5–6<br />
mm. Fruit not seen. Fl. late Mar.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Hybrids or putative hybrids<br />
● Forests; ca. 600 m. Henan (Xinyang).<br />
This plant may be a hybrid between species of Yulania cultivated<br />
in the area for the production of medicinal xinyi.<br />
15. Yulania multiflora (M. C. Wang & C. L. Min) D. L. Fu, J.<br />
Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
多花玉兰 duo hua yu lan<br />
Magnolia multiflora M. C. Wang & C. L. Min, Acta Bot.<br />
Boreal.-Occid. Sin. 12: 85. 1992.<br />
Trees, to 14 m tall, to 31 cm d.b.h. Bark gray. Annual<br />
twigs purplish green, smooth, glabrous. Stipular scar 1/6–1/5 as<br />
long as petiole. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade obovate, 5–10 × 3.5–<br />
7 cm, abaxially grayish green, adaxially green and glabrous,<br />
secondary veins 6–8 on each side of midvein, base broadly cuneate,<br />
apex rounded and shortly acute. Flower buds densely<br />
grayish yellow sericeous, inserted on twig apex, enclosing 2 or<br />
3 flowers per bud and forming a thyrse, flowers cupular. Flowers<br />
appearing before leaves, fragrant. Tepals 12–14(or 15),<br />
white but outside pale red at base, narrowly obovate to obovatelanceolate,<br />
4.6–6.8 × 1.1–2.3 cm. Stamens 1.1–1.6 cm; filaments<br />
purplish red, ca. 4 mm; connective exserted and forming<br />
a mucro; anthers 7–8 mm, dehiscing laterally. Gynoecium<br />
green, cylindric, 1.8–3 cm. Fruit cylindric, 4–9 cm, usually<br />
curved because of carpels partly undeveloped; mature carpels<br />
grayish brown, globose and compressed, 0.7–1.5 cm in diam.,<br />
abaxially tuberculate, dehiscing into 2 valves along dorsal sutures.<br />
Fl. May, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
● Forests; 1600–1700 m. Shaanxi (Ningshan).<br />
This plant may be a hybrid between Yulania biondii and Y. sprengeri.<br />
Both species are grown for the production of medicinal xinyi and<br />
easily hybridize.<br />
16. Yulania pilocarpa (Z. Z. Zhao & Z. W. Xie) D. L. Fu, J.<br />
Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
罗田玉兰 luo tian yu lan<br />
Magnolia pilocarpa Z. Z. Zhao & Z. W. Xie, Acta Pharmacol.<br />
Sin. 22: 777. 1987; Yulania pilocarpa var. ellipticifolia<br />
D. L. Fu et al.<br />
Trees, 12–15 m tall. Bark grayish brown. Young twigs<br />
purplish brown, glabrous. Stipular scar nearly 1/2 as long as<br />
petiole. Leaf blade obovate to broadly obovate, 10–17 × 8.5–11<br />
cm, papery, abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green, secondary<br />
veins 9–11 on each side of midvein, base cuneate to broadly<br />
cuneate, apex broadly rounded and slightly emarginate. Flower<br />
buds ovoid, ca. 3 cm, yellow villous. Flowers appearing before<br />
leaves. Tepals 9; outer 3 tepals yellowish green, sepal-like,<br />
sharply triangular, 1.7–3 cm, membranous; tepals of inner 2<br />
whorls white, nearly spoon-shaped, 7–10 × 3–5 cm, fleshy. Stamens<br />
numerous, ca. 1.1 cm; connective exserted and forming a<br />
ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers 8–9 mm, dehiscing laterally. Gynoecium<br />
ellipsoid-cylindric, ca. 2 cm; carpels pubescent; stigmas<br />
ca. 1 mm. Fruit cylindric, 10–20 × ca. 3.5 cm, with residual trichomes.<br />
Seeds bean-shaped to obovoid; testa red; endotesta<br />
black. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep.<br />
● Forests; ca. 500 m. Hubei (Luotian).<br />
This species is used medicinally.
This plant may be one of the many spontaneous hybrids that originate<br />
in plantations with different Yulania species grown for medicinal<br />
xinyi with Y. biondii as one of the parents. Yulania wugangensis (T. B.<br />
Chao et al.) D. L. Fu (J. Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001; Magnolia wugangensis<br />
T. B. Chao et al., Acta Bot. Yunnan. 21: 171. 1999) may be<br />
another hybrid from the same sort of medicinal plantation in Henan and<br />
also involving Y. biondii as one of its parents.<br />
17. Yulania ×soulangeana (Soulange-Bodin) D. L. Fu, J.<br />
Wuhan Bot. Res. 19: 198. 2001.<br />
二乔玉兰 er qiao yu lan<br />
Magnolia ×soulangeana Soulange-Bodin, Mém. Soc.<br />
Linn. Paris 1826: 269. 1826 [“soulangiana”]; M. yulan Desfontaines<br />
var. soulangeana (Soulange-Bodin) Lindley.<br />
Trees, 6–10 m tall. Twigs glabrous. Stipular scar ca. 1/3 as<br />
long as petiole. Petiole 1–1.5 cm, pubescent; leaf blade obovate,<br />
6–15 × 4–7.5 cm, basal ca. 2/3 gradually narrowing, papery,<br />
abaxially ± pubescent, adaxially with residual trichomes along<br />
midvein at base, secondary veins 7–9 on each side of midvein,<br />
base cuneate, apex shortly acute. Flower buds ovoid. Flowers<br />
appearing before leaves. Tepals 6–9, pale red to dark red; outer<br />
3 tepals usually ca. 2/3 as long as inner ones. Stamens 1–1.2<br />
cm; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers ca. 6<br />
mm, dehiscing laterally. Gynoecium cylindric, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous.<br />
Fruit ca. 8 × 3 cm; mature carpels black, ovoid to obovoid,<br />
1–1.5 cm, with white lenticels. Seeds dark brown,<br />
broadly obovoid to obovoid, compressed laterally. Fl. Feb–Mar,<br />
fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 76*.<br />
● Cultivated throughout most of China and occurring occasionally<br />
where the two parents grow together.<br />
This very ornamental hybrid between Yulania denudata and Y.<br />
liliiflora varies in the shape, size, and color of its tepals. Although originally<br />
named based on a hybrid made in Europe, the same hybridization<br />
occurs in China. There are about 20 cultivars in cultivation.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
18. Yulania viridula D. L. Fu et al., Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 24:<br />
263. 2004.<br />
青皮玉兰 qing pi yu lan<br />
Trees. Juvenile twigs pale yellowish green, robust, ca. 1<br />
cm in diam., shiny, sparsely to densely pubescent, later glabrescent,<br />
conspicuously lenticellate. Stipular scar ring conspicuously<br />
prominent, ca. 1/3 as long as petiole, densely pubescent.<br />
Petiole 3.5–4.5 cm, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade circular, elliptic,<br />
or broadly elliptic, 15–19.5 × 11.5–15.5 cm, papery,<br />
abaxially grayish green and villous along midvein and secondary<br />
veins, adaxially dark green and sparsely pubescent along<br />
midvein, secondary veins 6–9 on each side of midvein and<br />
spreading, base rotund to cordate, apex obtuse and rarely with a<br />
short mucro. Brachyblasts densely annular grayish white villous<br />
at apex, usually glabrous or pubescent from base to middle;<br />
bracts 3 or 4, abaxially densely pale yellow, brown, or grayish<br />
white villous; spathaceous bracts 1, blackish brown, membranous,<br />
abaxially densely pale gray villous. Flower buds pale yellowish<br />
green, ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1.7–2.5 cm. Flowers<br />
appearing before leaves. Tepals 33–48, outside basal 1/2 red,<br />
inside pure white, narrowly elliptic, 5.7–7.2 × 1–1.5 cm, base<br />
narrowly cuneate, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. 80, 1.3–1.5 cm;<br />
filaments ca. 3 mm, abaxially purplish red; connective with ca.<br />
1 mm long mucro at apex; anthers dehiscing latrorsely. Gynoecium<br />
cylindric, ca. 3 cm; carpels many, green, glabrous; styles<br />
red, curved inward. Fruit not seen. Fl. Mar.<br />
● Forests; ca. 700 m. Shaanxi (Hanzhong).<br />
12. MICHELIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 536. 1753.<br />
The authors have not seen any specimens of this species, but judging<br />
from the description and illustration in the protologue it may be a<br />
hybrid between species of Yulania cultivated for the production of medicinal<br />
xinyi.<br />
含笑属 han xiao shu<br />
Champaca Adanson; Elmerrillia Dandy; Liriopsis Spach (1839), not Reichenbach (1828–1829); Paramichelia Hu; Sampacca<br />
Kuntze; Tsoongiodendron Chun.<br />
Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Stipules hooded, 2-valved, membranous, adnate to or free from petiole, annular scar persistent on<br />
petiole or twig. Leaves spirally arranged; leaf blade leathery, margin entire. Young leaves erect or folded in buds. Flowers pseudoaxillary<br />
on a brachyblast, solitary or rarely 1 flower bud surrounding 2 or 3 flower buds on different nodes and forming a 2- or 3flowered<br />
thyrse, bisexual, usually fragrant; bud surrounded by 2–4 deciduous spathaceous bracts. Peduncle with annular bract-scar<br />
but if bracts adnate to petiole then petiole with bract-scar. Tepals 6–21, 3 or 6 per whorl, subequal or rarely much smaller than outer<br />
whorl. Stamens numerous; filaments short or long; connective elongated, exserted and forming a long or short tip, rarely not<br />
exserted; anthers dehiscing laterally or nearly laterally. Gynoecium with or without a gynophore; carpels few or numerous, usually<br />
partly undeveloped, without abaxial longitudinal furrow, adaxial base inserted on rachis, apical part often distinct or rarely coherent;<br />
ovules 2 to several per carpel. Fruit usually terete when mature, often curved because of partly abortive carpels; mature carpels leathery<br />
or woody, completely persistent on fruiting axis, sessile or shortly stalked, dehiscing into 2 valves along dorsal sutures or along<br />
both dorsal and ventral sutures, sometimes fruit fleshy and tardily and irregularly dehiscent, or a woody syncarp, upper parts of carpels<br />
falling away while also dehiscing along dorsal suture, basal parts remaining attached to torus with their suspended seeds. Seeds<br />
2 to several per carpel, red or brown.<br />
About 70 species: tropical and subtropical Asia; 39 or 37 species including one or two hybrid species (20 or 18 endemic, one introduced) in<br />
China.<br />
“Michelia fadouensis D. X. Li & Y. W. Law,” “M. fugongensis D. X. Li & Y. W. Law,” “M. gigantea D. X. Li & R. Z. Zhou,” “M. gushanensis<br />
D. X. Li & Y. W. Law,” “M. pingbianica R. Z. Zhou & Q. W. Zeng,” and “M. virensipetala Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China,<br />
248, 259, 266, 272, 304, 322. 2004) are of uncertain identity and are probably the same as already published Michelia species but were not validly<br />
published because no Latin descriptions or diagnoses were provided and no types were indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
77
78<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
1a. Tepals unequal, outmost whorl membranous but others fleshy; stipules free from petiole ............................................... 37. M. gioi<br />
1b. Tepals subequal, ± fleshy; stipules free from or connate to petiole.<br />
2a. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls; stipules free from petiole.<br />
3a. Leaf blades glabrous on both surfaces.<br />
4a. Gynoecium glabrous.<br />
5a. Fruit 8–15 cm ................................................................................................................................................... 30. M. martini<br />
5b. Fruit 3.5–10 cm ............................................................................................................................................ 31. M. chapensis<br />
4b. Gynoecium with trichomes.<br />
6a. Brachyblasts with trichomes; tepals obovate-elliptic .................................................................................. 31. M. chapensis<br />
6b. Brachyblasts glabrous; tepals narrowly oblong to broadly lanceolate ...................................................... 32. M. xanthantha<br />
3b. Leaf blades at least abaxially with some trichomes.<br />
7a. Leaf blade 1.5–2.5 cm wide, secondary veins inconspicuous; tepals narrower and smaller,<br />
oblanceolate ............................................................................................................................................ 33. M. angustioblonga<br />
7b. Leaf blade 2.8–10 cm wide, secondary veins conspicuous; tepals broader and larger, obovate-<br />
elliptic, obovate, oblong, or narrowly elliptic (but unknown for M. leveilleana).<br />
8a. Leaf blades thinly leathery, both surfaces pubescent when young ........................................................... 36. M. leveilleana<br />
8b. Leaf blades thickly leathery or leathery, abaxially brown tomentose and adaxially glabrous.<br />
9a. Petiole 1.5–4 cm; mature carpels 2–6 cm ................................................................................................. 34. M. balansae<br />
9b. Petiole ca. 1 cm; mature carpels 1–2 cm ............................................................................................. 35. M. guangxiensis<br />
2b. Tepals 9 or more, in 3 or more whorls; stipules free from or connate to petiole.<br />
10a. Stipules adnate to petiole, leaving stipular scar on petiole.<br />
11a. Petiole shorter, usually not exceeding 5 mm; outer tepals smaller.<br />
12a. Gynoecium glabrous ............................................................................................................................................ 27. M. figo<br />
12b. Gynoecium with trichomes.<br />
13a. Tepals pale yellow, outer ones outside with brownish trichomes ...................................................... 29. M. skinneriana<br />
13b. Tepals white, purplish red, or dark purple, outer ones outside glabrous.<br />
14a. Tepals white; gynoecium exceeding androecium; fruit usually with 5–9 mature carpels ............. 26. M. yunnanensis<br />
14b. Tepals dark purple; gynoecium not exceeding androecium; fruit with more than 10 mature<br />
carpels .................................................................................................................................................. 28. M. crassipes<br />
11b. Petiole longer, often exceeding 5 mm; outer tepals larger.<br />
15a. Stipular scar shorter than 1/3 of petiole.<br />
16a. Tepals yellow.<br />
17a. Leaf blade thinly leathery, obovate, 20–27 × 7–11 cm, abaxially glaucous; tepals 8 .......................... 10. M. opipara<br />
17b. Leaf blade leathery, obovate to narrowly obovate, 9–15 × 3–7 cm, abaxially grayish white;<br />
tepals 9–12 ............................................................................................................................................. 11. M. wilsonii<br />
16b. Tepals white.<br />
18a. Twigs and petioles grayish white appressed pubescent ......................................................................... 7. M. doltsopa<br />
18b. Twigs and petioles with brownish trichomes.<br />
19a. Young twigs densely yellowish brown tomentose; petiole adaxially furrowed ....................................... 8. M. fulva<br />
19b. Young twigs brown pubescent; petiole not adaxially furrowed ................................................... 9. M. sphaerantha<br />
15b. Stipular scar longer than 1/3 of petiole.<br />
20a. Tepals obovate to spatulate.<br />
21a. Tepals white ......................................................................................................................................... 6. M. floribunda<br />
21b. Tepals yellow or ivory-yellow, red-dotted.<br />
22a. Stipular scar reaching middle of petiole; tepals yellow or ivory-yellow, red-dotted; fruit<br />
subellipsoid, ca. 13 × 9 cm; mature carpels connate .............................................................................. 4. M. odora<br />
22b. Stipular scar reaching apex of petiole; tepals yellow; fruit terete; mature carpels distinct ................... 5. M. kisopa<br />
20b. Tepals narrowly oblanceolate or narrowly lanceolate.<br />
23a. Young twigs densely gray tomentose; old twigs, fruiting brachyblasts, gynophores, and carpels<br />
pilose ........................................................................................................................................................ 1. M. velutina<br />
23b. Young parts pubescent, later pubescent or glabrous.<br />
24a. Tepals white ........................................................................................................................................... 38. M. ×alba<br />
24b. Tepals yellow or white but if white at least cream-colored in bud.<br />
25a. Leaf blade adaxially glabrous, midvein flat; fruit terete, 7–15 cm, mature carpels distinct ........ 2. M. champaca<br />
25b. Leaf blade adaxially brownish appressed villous at first, midvein impressed; fruit ellipsoid<br />
to ellipsoid-cylindric, 6–10 cm, mature carpels connate ................................................................. 3. M. baillonii<br />
10b. Stipules free from petiole, no stipular scar on petiole.<br />
26a. Tepals obovate, broadly obovate, or obovate-oblong.
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
27a. Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces.<br />
28a. Buds narrowly ellipsoid; twigs glabrous ............................................................................................... 22. M. shiluensis<br />
28b. Buds cylindric; twigs puberulous ............................................................................................................ 23. M. coriacea<br />
27b. Leaf blade with trichomes.<br />
29a. Tepals white .................................................................................................................................. 24. M. guangdongensis<br />
29b. Tepals pale yellow.<br />
30a. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or ovate, 17–23 × 6–11 cm, reddish brown or<br />
silvery gray tomentose abaxially ......................................................................................................... 25. M. foveolata<br />
30b. Leaf blade obovate-oblong or narrowly elliptic, 9–18 × 4.5–5.5 cm, densely brown pubescent<br />
or golden yellow villous ........................................................................................................................ 39. M. elegans<br />
26b. Tepals spatulate-obovate, narrowly obovate, or spatulate.<br />
31a. Leaf blade glabrous on both surfaces.<br />
32a. Leaf blade abaxially glaucous .................................................................................................................. 12. M. maudiae<br />
32b. Leaf blade not abaxially glaucous.<br />
33a. Leaf blade oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 14–17 × 6–8 cm .............................................................................. 13. M. lacei<br />
33b. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 7–10 × 1.7–2.3 cm ............................................................... 14. M. iteophylla<br />
31b. Leaf blade with some trichomes.<br />
34a. Androecium exceeding gynoecium ..................................................................................................... 15. M. fujianensis<br />
34b. Androecium not exceeding gynoecium.<br />
35a. Tepals yellow.<br />
36a. Leaf blade narrowly obovate, abaxially scattered with reddish brown erect trichomes ................... 11. M. wilsonii<br />
36b. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, abaxially with brown silky trichomes ................. 16. M. flaviflora<br />
35b. Tepals white or red.<br />
37a. Bark fissured .................................................................................................................................... 17. M. masticata<br />
37b. Bark smooth.<br />
38a. Buds, young twigs, and young leaves with dense reddish brown silky trichomes or tomentose.<br />
39a. Leaf blade abaxially grayish white or mixed with reddish brown appressed trichomes;<br />
tepals 9 ...................................................................................................................................... 18. M. cavaleriei<br />
39b. Leaf blade abaxially glabrescent; tepals 9–12 .......................................................................... 20. M. macclurei<br />
38b. Buds, young twigs, and young leaves with brownish appressed trichomes or puberulous.<br />
40a. Gynoecium with fine golden trichomes .................................................................................. 19. M. compressa<br />
40b. Gynoecium brown tomentose or silvery appressed puberulous.<br />
41a. Leaf blade leathery, obovate, elliptic-obovate, rhomboid-obovate, rhomboid, or<br />
oblong-elliptic, 7–18 × 5–7 cm ............................................................................................. 20. M. macclurei<br />
41b. Leaf blade thinly leathery, rhomboid-elliptic, 6–13 × 3–5 cm ............................................. 21. M. mediocris<br />
1. Michelia velutina Candolle, Prodr. 1: 79. 1824.<br />
绒毛含笑 rong mao han xiao<br />
Magnolia lanuginosa (Wallich) Figlar & Nooteboom; M.<br />
velutina (Candolle) Figlar (2000), not P. Parmentier (1896);<br />
Michelia lanceolata E. H. Wilson; M. lanuginosa Wallich; Sampacca<br />
lanuginosa (Wallich) Kuntze.<br />
Trees, to 15–20 m tall, to 90 cm d.b.h. Bark dark brown.<br />
Young part densely gray long tomentose. Twigs, leaf blade<br />
adaxial midvein, brachyblasts, gynoecium stalks in fruiting, and<br />
mature carpels residually sparsely long tomentose. Twigs with<br />
spongy pith, diaphragmed sclerenchyma. Stipular scar ca. 1/2 as<br />
long as petiole. Petiole 1–2 cm, densely gray long tomentose;<br />
leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 11.5–18.5 × 4–6 cm,<br />
thinly leathery, secondary veins 18–20 on each side of midvein,<br />
dense and slender, divergent, and reticulated 4–6 mm from margin,<br />
base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex acute to slightly obtuse<br />
and with a short acumen. Flowers axillary near twig apex,<br />
8–10 cm in diam. Tepals 10–12, pale yellow, narrowly oblanceolate,<br />
4–6.5 × 1–1.8 cm; tepals of outer whorl sericeous;<br />
tepals of inner whorl smaller. Staminal connective exserted and<br />
forming a mucro. Gynoecium and carpels densely long tomentose.<br />
Fruiting brachyblasts 1–1.5 cm. Fruiting gynophore ca. 5<br />
mm, with lenticels and sparse long trichomes. Fruit 10–13 cm;<br />
mature carpels sparse or crowded at apical part of gynoecium,<br />
obovate, basally shrinking into gynophore, apex obtuse and mucronate.<br />
Seeds orangish yellow. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n =<br />
38.<br />
Forests, slopes; 1500–2400 m. S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, NE<br />
India, Nepal].<br />
2. Michelia champaca Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 536. 1753.<br />
黄兰 huang lan<br />
Trees, to 50 m or taller, to 1.9 m d.b.h. Buds, young twigs,<br />
young petioles, and young leaf blades pale yellow appressed<br />
pubescent. Twigs ascending and forming a narrow umbelliform<br />
crown. Stipular scar 0.3–1 × as long as petiole. Petiole 2–4 cm;<br />
leaf blade elliptic or ovate, 10–20(–30) × 4.5–10 cm, abaxially<br />
slightly puberulous, base broadly cuneate, cuneate, or rounded,<br />
apex long acuminate to subcaudate. Flowers fragrant. Tepals<br />
15–20, yellow, oblanceolate, 2–4 × 0.4–0.5 cm. Staminal connective<br />
exserted and forming a long tip. Gynophore ca. 3 mm;<br />
gynoecium with trichomes. Fruit 7–15 cm; mature carpels<br />
obovoid-ellipsoid, 1–1.5 cm, tuberculate. Seeds 2–4 per carpel,<br />
rugose. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
79
80<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 200–1600 m. S Xizang, S and<br />
SW Yunnan; cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan<br />
[India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam].<br />
1a. Leaf blade ovate, base cuneate to<br />
narrowly cuneate, apical acumen often<br />
quite long; stipular scar almost 0.5 × to<br />
as long as petiole .................................... 2a. var. champaca<br />
1b. Leaf blade ± elliptic, base cuneate to<br />
rounded, apical acumen often rather<br />
short; stipular scar 0.3–0.7 × as long<br />
as petiole ............................................... 2b. var. pubinervia<br />
2a. Michelia champaca var. champaca<br />
黄兰(原变种) huang lan (yuan bian zhong)<br />
Magnolia champaca (Linnaeus) Baillon ex Pierre; M.<br />
membranacea P. Parmentier; Michelia blumei Steudel; M.<br />
euononymoides N. L. Burman; M. pilifera Bakhuizen f.; M.<br />
rheedii Wight; M. suaveolens Persoon; M. tsiampacca Blume;<br />
M. tsiampacca var. blumei Moritzi; M. velutina Blume (1829),<br />
not Candolle (1824); Sampacca suaveolens (Persoon) Kuntze.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 50 cm d.b.h. Stipular scar almost 0.5<br />
× to as long as petiole. Leaf blade ovate, base cuneate to narrowly<br />
cuneate, apical acumen often quite long. 2n = 38.<br />
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [probably<br />
originally from India].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally.<br />
2b. Michelia champaca Linnaeus var. pubinervia (Blume)<br />
Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4. 72. 1868.<br />
毛叶脉黄兰 mao ye mai huang lan<br />
Michelia pubinervia Blume, Fl. Javae 19–20(<strong>Magnoliaceae</strong>):<br />
14. 1829; Magnolia champaca var. pubinervia (Blume)<br />
Figlar & Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, to 50 m tall or taller, to 1.9 m d.b.h. Stipular scar<br />
0.3–0.7 × as long as petiole. Leaf blade ± elliptic, base cuneate<br />
to rounded, apical acumen often rather short.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 200–1500 m. S Xizang, S and<br />
SW Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand,<br />
Vietnam].<br />
3. Michelia baillonii (Pierre) Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc.<br />
Bot. France 52(Mém. 4): 46. 1906.<br />
合果木 he guo mu<br />
Magnolia baillonii Pierre, Fl. Forest. Cochinch. 1: t. 2.<br />
1880; Aromadendron baillonii (Pierre) Craib; A. spongiocarpum<br />
(King) Craib; M. baillonii var. bailingia Sima & H. Jiang; M.<br />
phellocarpa (King) H. J. Chowdhery & P. Daniel; Michelia<br />
phellocarpa (King) Finet & Gagnepain; Paramichelia baillonii<br />
(Pierre) Hu; Talauma phellocarpa King; T. spongiocarpa King.<br />
Trees, to 35 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Young twigs, petioles, and<br />
leaf blade abaxial surfaces pale brown appressed villous. Stipular<br />
scar 1/3–1/2 as long as petiole. Petiole 1.5–3 cm; leaf blade<br />
elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or narrowly ovate, 6–22(–25) × 4–7 cm,<br />
adaxially at first brown appressed villous, midvein impressed<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
and remaining with long trichomes, secondary veins 9–15 on<br />
each side of midvein, reticulate veins dense, slender, and prominent<br />
on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate to broadly cuneate,<br />
apex acuminate. Brachyblasts 1–1.5 cm. Flowers fragrant.<br />
Tepals 18–21, 6 in a whorl, white but cream-colored in bud;<br />
tepals of outer 2 whorls oblanceolate, 2.5–2.7 × ca. 0.5 cm,<br />
gradually smaller and narrower inward; inner tepals lanceolate,<br />
ca. 2 cm × 2 mm. Stamens 6–7 mm; filaments 1–1.2 mm; connective<br />
exserted and forming a short sharp tip; anthers ca. 5<br />
mm. Gynophore ca. 3 mm, densely pale yellow pubescent;<br />
gynoecium narrowly ovoid, ca. 5 mm; carpels completely connate,<br />
densely pale yellow pubescent; styles red, ca. 1 mm. Fruit<br />
obovoid to ellipsoid-cylindric, 6–10 × ca. 4 cm, fleshy; mature<br />
carpels completely connate, flat, hooked, with dotted prominent<br />
lenticels; midribs of carpels persistent on fruiting axis after<br />
carpels dehisce. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 38.<br />
Forests; 500–1500 m. S Yunnan [Cambodia, India (Assam), Myanmar,<br />
Thailand, Vietnam].<br />
This species is used for timber.<br />
4. Michelia odora (Chun) Nooteboom & B. L. Chen, Ann.<br />
Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 1086. 1993.<br />
观光木 guan guang mu<br />
Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8:<br />
283. 1963; Magnolia odora (Chun) Figlar & Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall. Bark pale grayish brown, deeply<br />
wrinkled. Twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces and<br />
adaxial midvein, and brachyblasts yellowish brown strigose.<br />
Stipular scar nearly reaching middle of petiole. Petiole 1.2–2.5<br />
cm, flattened at base; leaf blade obovate-elliptic, 8–17 × 3.5–7<br />
cm, middle and apical part wider, adaxially green and glossy,<br />
midvein, secondary veins, and reticulate veins adaxially impressed,<br />
secondary veins 10–12 on each side, base cuneate,<br />
apex acute to obtuse. Brachyblasts ca. 6 mm, with 1 bract scar;<br />
spathaceous bract dehiscing along one side, pubescent. Flowers<br />
fragrant. Tepals ivory-yellow and red-dotted, narrowly obovateelliptic;<br />
outer tepals largest, 1.7–2 × 0.7–0.8 cm; innermost tepals<br />
1.5–1.6 × ca. 0.5 cm. Stamens 35–45, 7.5–8.5 mm; filaments<br />
white or reddish, 2–3 mm. Gynophore stout, ca. 2 mm,<br />
sulcate, densely strigose; carpels 9–13, narrowly ovoid, densely<br />
appressed pubescent, ventral sutures conspicuous; styles red,<br />
subulate, ca. 2 mm. Fruiting brachyblasts 1–2 × 1–2 cm. Fruit<br />
dark brown when dry, markedly yellow-dotted, long ellipsoid,<br />
sometimes globose because of upper carpels aborted, ca. 13 × 9<br />
cm, hanging on old twigs; pericarp olive green, glaucous, lenticellate;<br />
valves thick, 1–2 cm. Seeds 4–6 per carpel, ellipsoid to<br />
triangular-obovoid, ca. 1.5 × 0.8 cm. Fl. Mar, fr. Oct–Dec. 2n =<br />
38.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 300–1100 m. Fujian, Guangdong,<br />
Guangxi, Hainan, S Hunan, S Jiangxi, SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
5. Michelia kisopa Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle, Syst. Nat.<br />
1: 448. 1817.<br />
西藏含笑 xi zang han xiao<br />
Magnolia kisopa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle) Fig-
lar; Michelia doltsopa Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle subsp.<br />
kisopa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle) J. Li; Sampacca kisopa<br />
(Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle) Kuntze.<br />
Trees, 20–40 m tall, to 45 cm d.b.h., with appressed trichomes.<br />
Twigs pale brown pubescent when young and blackish<br />
brown when old, glabrous, with scattered lenticels; buds narrowly<br />
ovoid, 8–10 mm, densely brown pubescent. Stipular scar<br />
reaching petiole apex. Petiole 1.5–3 cm; leaf blade elliptic, oblong,<br />
or narrowly ovate, 9–15 × 3–5 cm, leathery, abaxially<br />
brown pubescent when young but glabrous when old, adaxially<br />
glabrous, secondary veins 7–11 on each side of midvein, reticulate<br />
veins dense and prominent on both surfaces when dry,<br />
base cuneate to rounded, apex acute to shortly acuminate.<br />
Brachyblasts ca. 4 mm, pubescent. Tepals 9, yellow; 6 tepals of<br />
outer whorl obovate, 2–2.2 × 0.9–1 cm; 3 tepals of inner whorl<br />
nearly spoon-shaped, 1.8–1.9 × 0.6–0.8 cm. Stamens 1–1.4 cm;<br />
filaments 4–6 mm; connective exserted and forming a 3–4 mm<br />
tip; anthers 6–8 mm. Gynophore ca. 5 mm, pubescent; gynoecium<br />
cylindric, 8–10 mm, pubescent; carpels ca. 2 mm;<br />
ovaries ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, densely pubescent; styles ca. 0.5<br />
mm. Fruit 5–10 cm; mature carpels blackish brown, subglobose,<br />
ca. 1.3 cm in diam., scattered with white lenticels. Seeds<br />
red, broadly cordate, ca. 10 × 3–5 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–<br />
Oct. 2n = 38.<br />
Forests, slopes; 1600–2400 m. S Xizang (Mêdog, Nyalam) [Bhutan,<br />
NE India, Nepal].<br />
6. Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot.<br />
France 52(Mém. 4): 46. 1906.<br />
多花含笑 duo hua han xiao<br />
Magnolia floribunda (Finet & Gagnepain) Figlar; M. microtricha<br />
(Handel-Mazzetti) Figlar; Michelia kerrii Craib; M.<br />
microtricha Handel-Mazzetti.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall. Bark gray, smooth. Young twigs 2–3<br />
mm in diam., with white appressed trichomes. Stipular scar 1/2<br />
or more as long as petiole. Petiole 1–1.5(–2.5) cm, with white<br />
appressed trichomes; leaf blade narrowly ovate-elliptic, narrowly<br />
ovate, or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 7–12(–14) × 2–4 cm,<br />
leathery, abaxially glaucous or not and with white long appressed<br />
trichomes, adaxially deep green and glossy, midvein<br />
impressed and usually with residual white trichomes, secondary<br />
veins 8–12 on each side of midvein and slender, reticulate veins<br />
dense, slender, and slightly prominent on both surfaces, base<br />
broadly cuneate to rounded, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate.<br />
Brachyblasts 3–7 × ca. 3 mm, with dense silvery appressed<br />
fine trichomes, with 1 or 2 bract scars. Flowers narrowly<br />
ellipsoid, slightly curved, golden yellow appressed<br />
villous. Tepals 11–13, white, spoon-shaped to oblanceolate,<br />
2.5–3.5 × 0.4–0.7 cm, apex usually with a small tip. Stamens<br />
10–14; connective exserted and forming a long tip. Gynophore<br />
ca. 5 mm; gynoecium ca. 1 cm; carpels ca. 4 mm; ovaries<br />
ovoid, ca. 2 mm, densely silvery puberulous; styles as long as<br />
ovaries. Fruit 2–6 cm, wrinkled; mature carpels compressed<br />
globose to long spherical, 0.6–1.5 cm, white lenticellate, apex<br />
slightly tipped. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 38.<br />
Forests; 1300–2700 m. Chongqing, SW Hubei, Hunan, C Sichuan,<br />
SE Xizang, Yunnan [Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
7. Michelia doltsopa Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle, Syst.<br />
Nat. 1: 448. 1817.<br />
南亚含笑 nan ya han xiao<br />
Magnolia doltsopa (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Candolle)<br />
Figlar; M. excelsa Wallich; Michelia calcuttensis P. Parmentier;<br />
M. excelsa (Wallich) Blume ex Wight; M. manipurensis G. Watt<br />
ex Brandis; M. wardii Dandy; Sampacca excelsa (Wallich)<br />
Kuntze.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall. Young twigs, buds, petioles, and leaf<br />
blade abaxial surfaces grayish white appressed pubescent. Stipular<br />
scar ca. 1/5 as long as petiole. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade<br />
elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or narrowly elliptic, 10–22 × 5–7 cm,<br />
secondary veins 10–14 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins<br />
dense, slender, abaxially grayish, adaxially prominent when dry,<br />
and densely firmly finely pubescent, base broadly cuneate or<br />
obtuse, margin slightly involute, apex acute to long acute.<br />
Brachyblasts densely appressed villous. Tepals white, narrowly<br />
obovate-spoon-shaped, 5–7 × ca. 2.5 cm, base clawed, apex<br />
rounded. Stamens 1.2–1.7 cm; connective exserted and forming<br />
a 1.5–2 mm sharp tip; anthers 0.8–1.2 cm. Gynophore 6–8 mm,<br />
densely grayish firmly puberulous; gynoecium narrowly ovoid,<br />
1.5–2 cm; carpels 9–12 mm, densely grayish firmly pubescent;<br />
ovaries 4–5 mm; styles 5–7 mm. Fruit 4–7 cm; mature carpels<br />
nearly obovoid, ca. 1.5 cm, with residual appressed fine pubescence,<br />
apex acutely beaked. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1500–2400 m. S and SE Xizang,<br />
NW Yunnan [Bhutan, NE India, N Myanmar, Nepal].<br />
8. Michelia fulva Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci. Nat.<br />
Univ. Sunyatseni 3: 87. 1987.<br />
棕毛含笑 zong mao han xiao<br />
Magnolia fulva (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) Figlar; M.<br />
fulva var. calcicola (C. Y. Wu ex Y. H. Law & Y. F. Wu) Sima<br />
& Hong Yu; M. glaucophylla Sima & Hong Yu; M. ingrata (B.<br />
L. Chen & S. C. Yang) Figlar; Michelia calcicola C. Y. Wu ex<br />
Y. H. Law & Y. F. Wu; M. ingrata B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang.<br />
Trees, 3–15 m tall, to 40 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish brown.<br />
Old twigs dark brown, 5–7 mm in diam., glabrous, lenticellate;<br />
young twigs yellowish brown tomentose; buds cylindric to<br />
narrowly ovoid, 2.5–3.5 cm, yellowish brown to golden yellow<br />
tomentose. Stipular scar ca. 1/4 as long as petiole. Petiole robust,<br />
1.5–4.5 cm, adaxially furrowed, yellowish brown tomentose;<br />
leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 13–24 × 4.5–12 cm,<br />
thickly leathery, abaxially glaucous, adaxially glabrous or appressed<br />
villous at first, and with trichomes but glabrescent,<br />
midvein abaxially evidently prominent and adaxially appressed,<br />
secondary veins 7–13 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins<br />
dense and prominent on both surfaces, base obtuse, apex acuminate<br />
to acute. Brachyblasts and bracts densely yellowish<br />
brown tomentose; brachyblasts robust, 1–2 cm; spathaceous<br />
bracts 3. Flowers 4–5 cm in diam. Tepals 9–12(–14), white<br />
or yellow, obovate to elliptic, subequal, fleshy; inner tepals<br />
smaller, 4.4–5.3 × 1–3 cm. Stamens numerous; filaments 4–8<br />
mm; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers 1.5–2.9<br />
cm. Gynophore 0.6–2.4 cm, pubescent; gynoecium terete, 2.4–<br />
4.8 cm; carpels ca. 152, narrowly ovoid, densely golden yellow<br />
81
82<br />
pubescent; styles 1–2.5 mm. Mature carpels ovoid, sessile, ca.<br />
1.5 × 1 cm, apex shortly beaked. Fl. Mar, fr. Nov.<br />
● Limestone forests; 600–1700 m. S Guangxi, SE Yunnan.<br />
“Michelia rufivillosa D. X. Li & S. C. Yang” and “M. xanthostemina<br />
D. X. Li & Y. W. Law” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China, 312,<br />
326. 2004) belong here but were not validly published because no Latin<br />
descriptions or diagnoses were provided and no types were indicated<br />
(Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
9. Michelia sphaerantha C. Y. Wu ex Z. S. Yue, Acta Bot.<br />
Yunnan. 9: 413. 1987.<br />
球花含笑 qiu hua han xiao<br />
Magnolia elliptilimba (B. L. Chen & Nooteboom) Figlar;<br />
M. sphaerantha (C. Y. Wu ex Z. S. Yue) Sima; Michelia elliptilimba<br />
B. L. Chen & Nooteboom.<br />
Trees, 5–16 m tall. Bark grayish green, smooth. Young<br />
twigs, stipule abaxial surfaces, petioles, leaf blade on both surfaces,<br />
brachyblasts, bracts, gynophores, and carpels brown pubescent.<br />
Stipular scar 3–4 mm. Petiole 2–2.5 cm, pubescent;<br />
leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 16–22 × 7.5–10 cm, thinly<br />
leathery, abaxially glaucous, adaxially green, midvein abaxially<br />
evidently prominent and adaxially impressed, secondary veins<br />
9–14 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins dense and<br />
prominent on both surfaces when dry, base rounded, apex acute<br />
to acuminate. Brachyblasts 3–3.5 cm, with 3 or 4 bract scars.<br />
Tepals 11 or 12, white, subequal; outer 3 tepals obovate, 5.5–<br />
7.5 × 2.5–3 cm, base attenuate; inner tepals obovate to spatulate,<br />
narrower and smaller. Stamens numerous, 2–2.4 cm; connective<br />
exserted and forming a ca. 0.5 mm triangular mucro;<br />
anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Gynophore ca. 1 cm; gynoecium terete, ca.<br />
3 cm; carpels numerous, ovoid, 4–5 mm; styles glabrous. Fruit<br />
19–24 cm; mature carpels dark brown, ovoid, whitish lenticellate,<br />
dehiscing into 2 valves, valve ca. 2 mm thick. Fl. Mar, fr.<br />
Jul.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1800–2000 m. C Yunnan (Jingdong).<br />
10. Michelia opipara Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci.<br />
Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 3: 90. 1987.<br />
马关含笑 ma guan han xiao<br />
Magnolia opipara (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) Sima.<br />
Trees, deciduous or semideciduous, to 16 m tall, to 50 cm<br />
d.b.h. Old twigs grayish yellow, rough; juvenile twigs brown,<br />
terete, glabrous or with trichomes when young, with elliptic<br />
grayish yellow prominent lenticels; buds long ovoid, with white<br />
silky trichomes. Stipular scar 1/4–1/3 as long as petiole. Petiole<br />
2.5–3 cm; leaf blade obovate to broadly obovate, 20–27 × 7–11<br />
cm, thinly leathery, abaxially glaucous and at first grayish white<br />
pubescent but glabrescent, adaxially green and glabrous or at<br />
first grayish white pubescent, midvein adaxially slightly impressed<br />
and abaxially conspicuously prominent, pubescent, but<br />
glabrescent, secondary veins 13–18 on each side of midvein,<br />
reticulate veins dense and prominent on both surfaces when dry,<br />
base cuneate to rounded, apex abruptly acute. Brachyblasts 4–6<br />
mm, robust, gray pubescent; bracts 3, spathaceous, outermost<br />
bract appressed yellow pubescent, innermost ones spreadingly<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
pubescent. Flower buds ellipsoid, ca. 4.2 × 1.6 cm. Tepals 8,<br />
yellow; outer 3 tepals obovate, ca. 3.8 × 1.5 cm; innermost 2<br />
tepals oblanceolate, ca. 3.4 × 1 cm, thinly fleshy. Androecium<br />
narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 2.3 cm; stamens ca. 93, 1.3–2 cm; filaments<br />
2–4 mm; connective exserted and forming a mucro; anthers<br />
0.9–1.4 cm. Gynophore ca. 8 mm; carpels ca. 140, ovoid,<br />
grayish white to pale yellow tomentose; styles 1.5–2 mm, glabrous.<br />
Fruiting brachyblasts ca. 1.5 cm, pale yellow pubescent.<br />
Fruit 11.5–14.3 cm; mature carpels ovoid, 1.5–2 × 0.9–1.1 cm,<br />
with lenticels, apex shortly beaked. Seeds 1 or 2 per carpel. Fl.<br />
Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1600–1900 m. SE Yunnan<br />
(Maguan).<br />
This could well be a variety of Michelia doltsopa.<br />
11. Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot.<br />
France 52(Mém 4): 45. 1906.<br />
峨眉含笑 e mei han xiao<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall. Old twigs densely noded and lenticellate;<br />
young twigs green, pale brown or reddish brown sparsely<br />
appressed pubescent; terminal buds cylindric. Stipular scar 2–4<br />
mm or absent. Petiole 1.5–4 cm; leaf blade obovate to narrowly<br />
obovate, 9–15 × 3–7 cm, leathery, abaxially glaucous and<br />
sparsely white glossy appressed pubescent or with scattered<br />
reddish brown erect trichomes, adaxially glabrous and glossy,<br />
secondary veins 8–13 on each side of midvein and slender,<br />
reticulate veins slender, dense, and prominent on both surfaces<br />
when dry, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acute, shortly<br />
acuminate, or caudate. Brachyblasts with 2–4 bract scars. Flowers<br />
5–6 cm in diam., fragrant. Tepals 9–12, yellow, obovate,<br />
narrowly obovate, or oblanceolate, 2–5 × 1–2.5 cm, slightly<br />
fleshy; tepals of inner whorl smaller. Stamens 1–2 cm; filaments<br />
green, ca. 2 mm; connective exserted and forming a ca. 1<br />
mm mucro; anthers 0.8–1.2 cm, dehiscing introrsely. Gynoecium<br />
cylindric, 3.5–4 cm; carpels 3–6 mm; ovaries ovoid to<br />
ovoid-ellipsoid, with dense silvery or yellow appressed fine<br />
trichomes; ovules ca. 14 per carpel; styles nearly as long to as<br />
long as ovaries. Fruit 6–15 cm; fruiting torus wrinkled; mature<br />
carpels purplish brown, ellipsoid to obovoid, 1–2.5 cm, with<br />
grayish yellow lenticels, 2-valved, apex with a curved short<br />
beak. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
● Forests; 600–2000 m. Chongqing, Guizhou, SW and W Hubei,<br />
Hunan, Jiangxi, C, S, and W Sichuan, NE and SE Yunnan.<br />
1a. Petiole with a 2–4 mm<br />
stipular scar .......................................... 11a. subsp. wilsonii<br />
1b. Petiole without a stipular scar ...... 11b. subsp. szechuanica<br />
11a. Michelia wilsonii subsp. wilsonii<br />
峨眉含笑(原亚种) e mei han xiao (yuan ya zhong)<br />
Magnolia ernestii Figlar; Michelia sinensis Hemsley & E.<br />
H. Wilson.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall. Petiole with a 2–4 mm stipular scar. Fl.<br />
Mar–May, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Forests; 600–2000 m. Guizhou, SW Hubei, Jiangxi, C and W<br />
Sichuan, SE Yunnan.
11b. Michelia wilsonii subsp. szechuanica (Dandy) J. Li, Acta<br />
Bot. Yunnan. 19: 137. 1997.<br />
川含笑 chuan han xiao<br />
Michelia szechuanica Dandy, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh<br />
16: 131. 1928; Magnolia ernestii subsp. szechuanica<br />
(Dandy) Sima & Figlar; M. szechuanica (Dandy) Figlar.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall. Petiole without a stipular scar.<br />
● Forests; 800–1600 m. Chongqing, N Guizhou, W Hubei, Hunan,<br />
S Sichuan, NE Yunnan.<br />
12. Michelia maudiae Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 353. 1908.<br />
深山含笑 shen shan han xiao<br />
Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar; Michelia chingii W. C.<br />
Cheng.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall, glabrous. Bark pale gray or grayish<br />
brown, thin. Young twigs, buds, leaf blade abaxial surfaces, and<br />
bracts white powdery. Petiole 1–3 cm, without a stipular scar;<br />
leaf blade oblong-elliptic to rarely ovate-elliptic, 7–18 × 3.5–<br />
8.5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and glaucous, adaxially<br />
deep green and glossy, secondary veins 7–12 on each side<br />
of midvein, straight or slightly curved, and divaricate and<br />
netted, reticulate veins dense, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or<br />
obtuse, apex abruptly shortly acuminate to shortly acuminate<br />
and with an obtuse tip. Brachyblasts green, with 3 annular bract<br />
scars; spathaceous bracts pale brown, ca. 3 cm, thinly leathery.<br />
Flowers fragrant. Tepals 9, white but base slightly pale red;<br />
outer tepals obovate, 5–7 × 3.5–4 cm, base ca. 1 cm clawed,<br />
apex shortly acute; tepals of inner 2 whorls gradually narrowing,<br />
nearly spoon-shaped, apex acute. Stamens 1.5–2.2 cm;<br />
filaments pale purple, flat, ca. 4 mm; connective exserted and<br />
forming a 1–2 mm tip. Gynophore 5–8 mm; gynoecium 1.5–1.8<br />
cm; carpels green, narrowly ovoid, 5–6 mm including style.<br />
Fruit 7–15 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid, obovoid, or ovoid,<br />
apex obtuse or abruptly mucronate. Seeds red, obliquely ovoid,<br />
ca. 10 × 5 mm, slightly compressed. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
2n = 38*.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 600–1500 m. S Anhui, Fujian,<br />
Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Hunan, S Zhejiang.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental. It is used medicinally and<br />
for timber.<br />
13. Michelia lacei W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh<br />
12: 216. 1920.<br />
壮丽含笑 zhuang li han xiao<br />
Magnolia lacei (W. W. Smith) Figlar; Michelia magnifica<br />
Hu; M. pachycarpa Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou; M. tignifera<br />
Dandy; M. uniflora Dandy.<br />
Trees, to 15 m tall, to 18 cm d.b.h. Twigs 0.7–1 cm in<br />
diam., sparsely pale brown villous when young, later glabrescent,<br />
with elliptic coarse lenticels. Petiole 2.5–3 cm, without a<br />
stipular scar; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 14–17 × 6–8<br />
cm, leathery, both surfaces glabrous, adaxially green and glossy,<br />
midvein impressed and abaxially dark green, secondary veins<br />
15–20 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins prominent on<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
both surfaces when dry, base broadly cuneate and slightly decurrent<br />
on petiole, margin slightly reflexed, apex acuminate to<br />
acute. Brachyblasts 3–4 cm, stout, with brown long trichomes<br />
on nodes, with 3 or 4 bract scars; spathaceous bracts several,<br />
thin, with white appressed trichomes. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls;<br />
outer 3 tepals obovate-spoon-shaped, ca. 6 × 2.5 cm, base<br />
clawed; innermost tepals 3–5.5 × ca. 1 cm. Stamens ca. 2.3 cm;<br />
filaments ca. 3 mm; connective exserted and forming a 1–2 mm<br />
mucro; anthers ca. 2 cm, dehiscing laterally. Gynophore ca. 2.5<br />
cm, puberulous; gynoecium ca. 1.7 cm; carpels ca. 12, narrowly<br />
ovoid, ca. 4 mm, glabrous; ovules 10 per carpel; styles 3–4 mm.<br />
Fruit not seen. Fl. Feb. 2n = 38.<br />
Forests; ca. 1500 m. SE Yunnan (Luxi, Maguan) [Myanmar, N<br />
Thailand, Vietnam].<br />
14. Michelia iteophylla C. Y. Wu ex Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu,<br />
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 337. 1988.<br />
鼠刺含笑 shu ci han xiao<br />
Trees, to 8 m tall. Twigs brown to yellowish brown, glabrous,<br />
scattered with lenticels; buds cylindric, ca. 1.4 cm,<br />
brownish tomentulose. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 0.8–<br />
1.2 cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade elliptic to narrowly<br />
elliptic, 7–10 × 1.7–2.3 cm, leathery, both surfaces glabrous,<br />
midvein adaxially slightly impressed, secondary veins 11–15 on<br />
each side of midvein, reticulate veins dense and prominent on<br />
both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Brachyblasts<br />
6–7 mm, glabrous or strigose when young. Flowers fragrant.<br />
Tepals 9, white, narrowly obovate, ca. 2.8 × 0.8–1 cm,<br />
subequal. Stamens many, ca. 7 mm; filaments ca. 1 mm; connective<br />
exserted and forming a ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers ca. 5<br />
mm. Gynophore ca. 6 mm, very finely strigose; gynoecium<br />
ovoid, ca. 6 mm, very finely strigose; carpels many, ca. 2 mm;<br />
ovaries ovoid, ca. 1.8 mm, very finely strigose; styles ca. 0.2<br />
mm. Fruit dark brown, 5–7 cm, ovoid, whitish lenticellate,<br />
completely dehiscing into 2 valves when matured. Fl. Dec–Jan,<br />
fr. Oct.<br />
● Forests; 1600–1700 m. SE Yunnan (Jinping).<br />
15. Michelia fujianensis Q. F. Zheng, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin<br />
1(3): 92. 1981.<br />
福建含笑 fu jian han xiao<br />
Magnolia fujianensis (Q. F. Zheng) Figlar; Michelia<br />
caloptila Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu; M. septipetala Z. L. Nong.<br />
Trees, to 16 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark grayish white,<br />
smooth. Young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces,<br />
leaf blade adaxial surfaces when young, and brachyblasts<br />
densely appressed grayish white to brown villous. Twigs black,<br />
ca. 3 mm in diam., remaining with pubescence. Petiole 0.6–1.5<br />
cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly<br />
obovate-elliptic, 8–15 × 3–5 cm, midvein adaxially impressed,<br />
secondary veins 9–15 on each side of midvein, reticulate<br />
veins slender, dense, and prominent on both surfaces<br />
when dry, base rounded to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate to<br />
acute. Brachyblasts stout, ca. 7 mm; bract scar 1, ca. 2 mm<br />
below tepals; spathaceous bract 1, just next to tepals. Flower<br />
buds ovoid, ca. 1.5 cm. Tepals ca. 12, in 4 whorls; outer tepals<br />
83
84<br />
3, narrowly obovate, 1–1.2 cm; tepals of next inward whorl<br />
obovate, 1.3–1.5 cm; tepals of innermost 2 whorls narrowly<br />
ovate, narrower and smaller, ca. 1 cm. Androecium exceeding<br />
gynoecium; stamens 4–5.5 mm; filaments broad and flat, 1–1.5<br />
mm; connective exserted and forming a 1–1.5 mm obtuse tip;<br />
anthers 3.5–4 mm, thecae divaricate 0.5–0.8 mm away from<br />
each other, dehiscing introrsely and laterally. Gynophore ca. 1<br />
mm, pubescent; gynoecium cylindric, ca. 5 mm; ovaries globose,<br />
densely tomentulose. Fruit usually curved because of<br />
carpels partly undeveloped, 2–3 cm; mature carpels black, obovoid,<br />
1.5–2 cm, conspicuously white lenticellate, apex rounded.<br />
Seeds broad and flat, transversely ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 × 1 cm,<br />
adaxially broadly furrowed, base mucronate, apex impressed;<br />
endotesta black. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Aug–Sep.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 300–700 m. Fujian (Yong’an),<br />
Jiangxi.<br />
16. Michelia flaviflora Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnan.<br />
10: 340. 1988.<br />
素黄含笑 su huang han xiao<br />
Magnolia flaviflora (Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Figlar.<br />
Trees, ca. 15 m tall. Old twigs scattered with lenticels;<br />
young twigs brown tomentulose; buds pale yellow tomentose.<br />
Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 0.5–1.2 cm, tomentulose,<br />
without a stipular scar, base slightly flattened; leaf blade narrowly<br />
ovate to narrowly elliptic, 15–24 × 3.6–5.5 cm, papery,<br />
abaxially glaucous and brown sericeous, adaxially green and<br />
glabrous, midvein adaxially slightly prominent to flat, secondary<br />
veins 16–24 on each side of midvein, base cuneate, apex<br />
acuminate. Brachyblasts ca. 1 cm, yellow tomentose. Flowers<br />
fragrant. Tepals 15, pale yellow, oblanceolate. Stamens ca. 90,<br />
1.1–1.5 cm; connective exserted and forming a 1–2 mm sharp<br />
tip; anthers 7–10 mm. Gynophore ca. 1 cm, tomentose; gynoecium<br />
narrowly ovoid, ca. 1.2 cm; carpels many, ovoid, ca. 4<br />
mm, distinct, densely villous; styles ca. 2 mm. Fruit not seen.<br />
Fl. Feb.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1400–1500 m. SE Yunnan (Dawei<br />
Shan, Pingbian) [Vietnam].<br />
17. Michelia masticata Dandy, J. Bot. 67: 222. 1929.<br />
屏边含笑 ping bian han xiao<br />
Magnolia masticata (Dandy) Figlar.<br />
Trees, 18–25 m tall, to 80 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish brown,<br />
irregularly fissured, conspicuously lenticellate. Twigs yellowish<br />
green when young and dark green when old, pubescent or<br />
glabrous when young, shiny, white lenticellate. Petiole 2–3(–4)<br />
cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade broadly elliptic, ellipticoblong,<br />
ovate, or obovate, 12–22(–28) × 5–8(–10) cm, leathery,<br />
abaxially pubescent, adaxially glabrous and slightly shiny green,<br />
midvein and secondary veins abaxially prominent and adaxially<br />
impressed, secondary veins 8–13 on each side of midvein, reticulate<br />
veins dense and prominent on both surfaces when dry,<br />
base cuneate to rounded, apex shortly acuminate. Brachyblasts<br />
ca. 1 cm, with yellow silky trichomes; bracts 3. Tepals 9–12,<br />
white to yellowish white, subequal; outer 3 tepals obovate,<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
narrowly obovate, or spatulate, 5–9(–11) × 1–2.5 cm; inner<br />
tepals narrower. Stamens numerous, ca. 2 cm; anthers ca. 1.5<br />
mm. Gynophore ca. 1 cm, pubescent; gynoecium terete, 3–<br />
6(–8) cm, pubescent; carpels numerous, ca. 6 mm; styles ca. 2.2<br />
mm. Fruit 10–40(–53) cm; mature carpels dark brown, ovoid,<br />
densely white lenticellate, dehiscing completely into 2 valves,<br />
valves ca. 2 mm thick. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Oct.<br />
Forests; 1100–1300 m. SE Yunnan (Pingbian) [Laos, Vietnam].<br />
This species is used for timber.<br />
18. Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnepain, Bull. Soc. Bot.<br />
France 53: 573. 1906.<br />
平伐含笑 ping fa han xiao<br />
Trees, 10–20 m tall, to 50 cm d.b.h., many branched. Bark<br />
grayish white. Young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade abaxial<br />
surfaces when young, brachyblasts, and fruiting brachyblasts<br />
silvery to reddish brown appressed pubescent. Twigs black.<br />
Petiole 1.5–3 cm, becoming black with age, without a stipular<br />
scar; leaf blade narrowly oblong to narrowly obovate-oblong,<br />
10–20(–24) × 3.5–7 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially glaucous and<br />
silvery to reddish brown pubescent, adaxially with remaining<br />
trichomes, midvein impressed, secondary veins slender, 11–15<br />
on each side of midvein, reticulate veins dense and prominent<br />
on both surfaces, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate<br />
to shortly acute. Brachyblasts 1.5–2.5 cm, with 1 or 2<br />
bract scars; spathaceous bracts densely reddish brown appressed<br />
villous. Flower buds narrowly ovoid, ca. 3 cm. Tepals 9<br />
or ca. 12, white, papery, with pellucid glands; outer 3 tepals<br />
obovate-elliptic, 2.5–7 cm, gradually narrower and smaller inward.<br />
Stamens 1.2–1.4 cm, grayish yellow pubescent; connective<br />
exserted and forming a ca. 1 mm tip; anthers ca. 8 mm,<br />
dehiscing introrsely. Gynophore ca. 4 mm; gynoecium narrowly<br />
ovoid, ca. 1 cm; carpels ca. 4 mm; ovaries ovoid, densely puberulous;<br />
styles grayish yellow pubescent, nearly as long as<br />
ovaries. Fruit 5–15 cm; mature carpels obovoid to ellipsoid,<br />
1.5–2 cm, white lenticellate, 2-valved, apex rounded to rarely<br />
mucronate. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Forests; 800–2400 m. Fujian, E and N Guangdong, Guangxi,<br />
Guizhou, W Hubei, SW Hunan, SE Sichuan, Yunnan.<br />
1a. Twigs ca. 4 mm in diam.; tepals ca. 12,<br />
outer ones 2.5–4 cm ............................. 18a. var. cavaleriei<br />
1b. Twigs ca. 2 mm in diam.; tepals 9,<br />
outer ones 5–7 cm ............................. 18b. var. platypetala<br />
18a. Michelia cavaleriei var. cavaleriei<br />
平伐含笑(原变种) ping fa han xiao (yuan bian zhong)<br />
Magnolia cavaleriei (Finet & Gagnepain) Figlar; M. maudiae<br />
(Dunn) Figlar var. hunanensis (C. L. Peng & L. H. Yan) Sima;<br />
Michelia fallax Dandy; M. hunanensis C. L. Peng & L. H.<br />
Yan; M. xinningia Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou.<br />
Trees, to 10 m tall. Twigs ca. 4 mm in diam. Tepals ca. 12,<br />
outer ones 2.5–4 cm. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Forests; 800–2400 m. Fujian, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,<br />
W Hubei, SW Hunan, SE Sichuan, Yunnan.
18b. Michelia cavaleriei var. platypetala (Handel-Mazzetti)<br />
N. H. Xia, comb. nov.<br />
阔瓣含笑 kuo ban han xiao<br />
Basionym: Michelia platypetala Handel-Mazzetti, Anz.<br />
Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 58: 89. 1921; Magnolia<br />
maudiae var. platypetala (Handel-Mazzetti) Sima.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall. Twigs ca. 2 mm in diam. Tepals 9,<br />
outer ones 5–7 cm.<br />
● Forests; 1200–1500 m. E Guangdong, NE Guangxi, E Guizhou,<br />
W Hubei, SW Hunan.<br />
“Michelia yunshanensis Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” and “M.<br />
xiangnanensis Q. W. Zeng & Y. W. Law” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias<br />
China, 334. 2004) belong here but were not validly published because<br />
no Latin descriptions or diagnoses were provided and no types were<br />
indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
19. Michelia compressa (Maximowicz) Sargent, Gard. & Forest<br />
5: 75. 1893.<br />
台湾含笑 tai wan han xiao<br />
Magnolia compressa Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci.<br />
Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 3, 17: 417. 1872; Michelia compressa<br />
var. formosana Kanehira; M. compressa var. lanyuensis S. Y.<br />
Lu; M. formosana (Kanehira) Masamune & Suzuki.<br />
Trees, to 17 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark grayish brown,<br />
smooth. Axillary buds, young twigs, petioles, and leaf blade<br />
midvein with brown appressed short trichomes. Petiole 0.8–1.2<br />
cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade obovate-elliptic to narrowly<br />
elliptic, 5–7 × 2–3 cm, thinly leathery, secondary veins<br />
8–12 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins sparse, slightly<br />
prominent on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, apex acute,<br />
acumen obtuse to sharp. Brachyblasts 6–7 mm, appressed pubescent,<br />
with 1 or 2 bract scars. Flower buds golden yellow appressed<br />
sericeous. Tepals 12, pale yellowish white to pale reddish<br />
near base, narrowly obovate, 12–15 × 3–5 mm. Stamens<br />
ca. 45, 5–6 mm; connective exserted and forming a 1–1.8 mm<br />
long tip; anthers 3.5–4 mm, dehiscing laterally. Gynophore ca.<br />
3 mm; gynoecium ca. 4 mm, with golden yellow fine trichomes.<br />
Fruit 3–5 cm; mature carpels ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.5–2<br />
× 1.1–1.4 cm, dehiscing dorsally, apex mucronate. Seeds 2–4<br />
per carpel, pink. Fl. Jan, fr. Oct–Nov. 2n = 38.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 200–2600 m. Taiwan [S Japan,<br />
Philippines].<br />
This species is used for timber.<br />
20. Michelia macclurei Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 360. 1928.<br />
醉香含笑 zui xiang han xiao<br />
Magnolia macclurei (Dandy) Figlar; Michelia macclurei<br />
var. sublanea Dandy; M. multitepala R. Z. Zhou & S. G. Jian.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark grayish white,<br />
smooth and not fissured. Young twigs, buds, petioles, stipules,<br />
and brachyblasts densely firmly and glossy reddish brown<br />
shortly tomentose to spreading villous. Petiole 1.5–4 cm, adaxially<br />
narrowly furrowed, without a stipular scar; leaf blade obo-<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
vate, elliptic-obovate, rhomboid, or oblong-elliptic, 7–18 × 5–7<br />
cm, leathery, abaxially with grayish trichomes mixed with<br />
brown appressed short tomentum, adaxially at first pubescent<br />
but later glabrescent, secondary veins 10–15 on each side of<br />
midvein, slender, and adaxially inconspicuous, reticulate veins<br />
slender, forming a honeycomb pattern, base cuneate to broadly<br />
cuneate, apex shortly acute to acuminate. Brachyblasts 1–1.8<br />
cm, 3–4 mm in diam., with 2–3 bract scars. Flower buds sometimes<br />
enclosing 2 or 3 small flower buds on different nodes and<br />
forming a 2- or 3-flowered thyrse. Tepals usually 9–12, white,<br />
rarely red, spoon-shaped to oblanceolate, 3–5 cm; inner tepals<br />
narrower and smaller. Stamens 1–2 cm; filaments red, ca. 1<br />
mm; connective exserted and forming a ca. 1 mm mucro; anthers<br />
0.8–1.4 cm. Gynophore 1–2.5 cm, densely brown tomentose;<br />
gynoecium 1.4–2 cm; carpels ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 1–<br />
3 × ca. 1.5 cm, sparsely white lenticellate, dehiscing into 2<br />
valves along both ventral and dorsal sutures, base broad, apex<br />
rounded. Seeds 1–3 per carpel, compressed ovoid, 0.8–1 × 0.6–<br />
0.8 mm. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Sep–Nov.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 200–1500 m. Guangdong, N<br />
Guangxi, Hainan, SE Yunnan (Xichou) [N Vietnam].<br />
“Michelia ovatifolia Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias<br />
China, 300. 2004) belongs here but was not validly published<br />
because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no type was<br />
indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
21. Michelia mediocris Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 47. 1928.<br />
白花含笑 bai hua han xiao<br />
Magnolia mediocris (Dandy) Figlar; Michelia mediocris<br />
var. angustifolia G. A. Fu; M. rubriflora Y. W. Law & R. Z.<br />
Zhou; M. subulifera Dandy.<br />
Trees, to 25 m tall, to 90 cm d.b.h. Bark grayish brown.<br />
Young twigs and young leaf blades grayish white appressed<br />
pubescent. Buds reddish brown, pendulous, apex acute. Petiole<br />
1.5–3 cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade rhomboid-elliptic,<br />
6–13 × 3–5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially grayish white appressed<br />
puberulous, adaxially glabrous, secondary veins 10–15<br />
on each side of midvein, slender, and inconspicuous, reticulate<br />
veins dense, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex shortly acuminate.<br />
Spathaceous bracts 3. Flower buds ellipsoid, 10–15 ×<br />
5–9 mm, densely brownish yellow to grayish white appressed<br />
puberulous. Tepals 9, white, spoon-shaped, 1.8–2.2 × 0.5–0.8<br />
cm. Stamens 1–1.5 cm; connective exserted and forming a 3–4<br />
mm long tip; anthers 0.8–1.4 cm. Gynophore 3–5 mm, densely<br />
silvery appressed puberulous; gynoecium cylindric, ca. 1 cm;<br />
carpels 7–14; ovules 4 or 5 per carpel. Fruit blackish brown<br />
when matured, 2–3.5 cm; mature carpels obovoid, ellipsoid, or<br />
globose, 1–2 cm, slightly compressed, white lenticellate, apex<br />
with an obtuse beak. Seeds 5–8 × ca. 5 mm; testa bright red.<br />
Fl. Oct–Feb, fr. Jun–Nov.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 400–1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi,<br />
Hainan, S Hunan [Cambodia, Vietnam].<br />
“Michelia biacuminata Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” and “M.<br />
elliptifolia Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” (in Y. H. Liu, Magnolias China,<br />
85
86<br />
224, 246. 2004) belong here but were not validly published because no<br />
Latin descriptions or diagnoses were provided and no types were<br />
indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
22. Michelia shiluensis Chun & Y. F. Wu, Acta Phytotax. Sin.<br />
8: 286. 1963.<br />
石碌含笑 shi lu han xiao<br />
Magnolia shiluensis (Chun & Y. F. Wu) Figlar.<br />
Trees, to 18 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark gray. Twigs, leaf<br />
blades, and petioles glabrous. Terminal buds narrowly ellipsoid,<br />
orangish yellow to gray, glossy pubescent. Petiole 1–3 cm,<br />
broadly furrowed, without a stipular scar; leaf blade obovateoblong,<br />
8–14(–20) × 4–7(–8) cm, leathery and rigid, abaxially<br />
glaucous, adaxially deep green, secondary veins 8–12 on each<br />
side of midvein, reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces<br />
when dry, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse and<br />
mucronate. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls, white, obovate, 3–4.5 × 1.5–<br />
2.5 cm. Stamens 2–2.5 cm; filaments red. Gynoecium 1.4–2.1<br />
cm, puberulous; carpels ovoid, 2.5–4 mm. Fruiting brachyblasts<br />
2–3 cm. Fruit 4–5 cm; mature carpels sometimes only a few<br />
developed, obovoid to obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.8–1.2 cm, apex<br />
shortly beaked. Seeds broadly ellipsoid, ca. 8 mm. Fl. Mar–<br />
May, fr. Jun–Aug. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests, ravines, beside trails; 200–1500<br />
m. Hainan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
23. Michelia coriacea Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci.<br />
Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 3: 89. 1988.<br />
西畴含笑 xi chou han xiao<br />
Magnolia coriacea (Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen) Figlar;<br />
Michelia nitida B. L. Chen; M. polyneura C. Y. Wu ex Y. W.<br />
Law & Y. F. Wu.<br />
Trees, 10–20 m tall. Twigs thick and strong, 5–7 mm in<br />
diam., sparsely puberulous, with grayish yellow lenticels; buds<br />
cylindric, densely gray pubescent. Stipules free from petiole.<br />
Petiole 1–1.5 cm, without a stipular scar, adaxially furrowed;<br />
leaf blade oblong to elliptic-oblong, 11–15 × 4–6 cm, thinly<br />
leathery, both surfaces glabrous, midvein abaxially prominent<br />
and adaxially slightly impressed, secondary veins 17–20 on<br />
each side of midvein, reticulate veins dense and prominent on<br />
both surfaces, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate. Brachyblasts<br />
ca. 2.5 mm, densely yellow tomentose. Tepals 9, in 3<br />
whorls, white, oblong to obovate-oblong, 2.3–3 × 0.8–1 cm,<br />
subequal. Stamens ca. 80, 0.8–1 cm; connective exserted and<br />
forming a 1.5–2 mm sharp tip; anthers 4–5 mm. Gynophore 2–<br />
7 mm but 1.2–1.5 cm in fruit; gynoecium cylindric, 1–1.2 cm,<br />
glabrous; carpels many. Fruit 3–4 cm; mature carpels yellowish<br />
green, with dense lenticels. Fl. Feb–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 1200–1700 m. SE Yunnan.<br />
24. Michelia guangdongensis Y. H. Yan et al., Ann. Bot. Fenn.<br />
41: 491. 2004.<br />
广东含笑 guang dong han xiao<br />
Shrubs or small trees, 1–4 m tall, to 10 cm d.b.h. Bark<br />
grayish brown. Young twigs and buds densely reddish brown<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
appressed pubescent. Petiole 0.5–1.5 cm, densely reddish<br />
brown villous, without a stipular scar; leaf blade obovateelliptic<br />
to obovate, 4.5–9 × 2.5–4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish<br />
brown appressed villous, adaxially dark green and glabrous,<br />
secondary veins 4–9 on each side of midvein, reticulate<br />
veins dense, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin slightly<br />
revolute, apex rounded to shortly acute. Brachyblasts 1.5–2.8 ×<br />
0.3–0.5 cm; spathaceous bract 1. Flower buds long ovoid,<br />
densely reddish brown appressed villous. Flowers fragrant.<br />
Tepals 9–12, white, base slightly greenish; outer 3–5 tepals<br />
ovate-elliptic, 5.6–6.2 × 2.5–3 cm; middle 3 or 4 tepals elliptic<br />
to obovate-elliptic, 5.6–7 × 2.7–3 cm; inner 3 tepals elliptic,<br />
5.4–7 × 1.9–2.5 cm. Stamens 50–70, pale green, 1.1–1.5 cm;<br />
filaments purplish red, ca. 3 mm; connective exserted and<br />
forming a ca. 1 mm triangular mucro; anthers 6–8 mm. Gynophore<br />
green, 6–8 mm, puberulous; gynoecium green, terete,<br />
0.9–1.4 cm, reddish brown pubescent; carpels 13–20; ovules 4–<br />
6 per carpel; styles purplish red, 1–3 mm, curved outward. Fruit<br />
not seen. Fl. Mar.<br />
● Thickets, forests; 1200–1400 m. Guangdong (Yingde).<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
25. Michelia foveolata Merrill ex Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 360. 1928.<br />
金叶含笑 jin ye han xiao<br />
Magnolia foveolata (Merrill ex Dandy) Figlar; Michelia<br />
aenea Dandy; M. foveolata var. cinerascens Y. W. Law & Y. F.<br />
Wu; M. foveolata var. xiangnanensis C. L. Peng & L. H. Yan;<br />
M. fulgens Dandy; M. longistyla Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu; M.<br />
oblongifolia Hung T. Chang & B. L. Chen.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 80 cm d.b.h. Bark pale gray to dark<br />
gray. Young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade abaxial surfaces,<br />
and brachyblasts densely reddish brown, brown, or white tomentulose.<br />
Petiole 1.5–3 cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade<br />
oblong-elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or narrowly ovate, 17–23 × 6–11<br />
cm, thickly leathery, abaxially coppery to gray tomentulose,<br />
adaxially deep green and glossy, secondary veins 16–26, ends<br />
slender, divaricate, and netted near margin, reticulate veins<br />
dense, base broadly cuneate, obtuse, or subcaudate and usually<br />
asymmetrical, apex acuminate to shortly acuminate. Brachyblasts<br />
ca. 5 mm in diam., with 3 or 4 bract scars. Tepals 9–12,<br />
pale yellowish green, base purplish; outer 3 tepals broadly obovate,<br />
6–7 cm; tepals of middle and inner whorls obovate, narrower<br />
and smaller. Stamens ca. 50, 2.5–3 cm; filaments dark<br />
purple, 7–10 mm; anthers 1.5–2 cm. Gynophore 1.7–2 cm, silvery<br />
tomentulose; gynoecium 2–3 cm; carpels ca. 5 mm; ovaries<br />
narrowly ovoid, ca. 3 mm, adnate to torus at base; ovules<br />
ca. 8 per carpel. Fruit 7–20 cm; mature carpels long ellipsoid,<br />
1–2.4 cm. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 38.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, wet places; 500–1800 m. Fujian,<br />
Guangdong, S Guangxi, SE Guizhou, Hainan, W Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi,<br />
SE Yunnan [N Vietnam].<br />
26. Michelia yunnanensis Franchet ex Finet & Gagnepain,<br />
Bull. Soc. Bot. France 52(Mém 4): 43. 1906.<br />
云南含笑 yun nan han xiao<br />
Magnolia amabilis Sima & Y. H. Wang; M. dianica Sima
& Figlar; M. laevifolia (Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Nooteboom;<br />
Michelia dandyi Hu; M. laevifolia Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu; M.<br />
yunnanensis var. angustifolia Finet & Gagnepain; M. yunnanensis<br />
subsp. glabrifolia Y. K. Li & J. F. Zuo.<br />
Shrubs, to 4 m tall. Twigs and leaves dense. Young twigs,<br />
buds, young leaf blade adaxial surfaces, petioles, and brachyblasts<br />
with dark red appressed trichomes. Stipular scar ca. 2/3<br />
as long as petiole or reaching petiole apex. Petiole 4–5 mm; leaf<br />
blade obovate, narrowly obovate, or narrowly obovate-elliptic,<br />
4–10 × 1.5–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially with appressed trichomes,<br />
adaxially deep green and glossy, secondary veins 7–9<br />
on each side of midvein, reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces<br />
when dry, base cuneate, apex obtuse to shortly acute. Brachyblasts<br />
thick and strong, 3–7 mm, with 1 bract scar. Flowers<br />
very fragrant. Tepals 6–12(–17), white, obovate to obovate-elliptic,<br />
3–3.5 × 1–1.5 cm; inner tepals smaller. Stamens 5–10<br />
mm; filaments white, ca. 3 mm; connective exserted and forming<br />
a 1–3 mm mucro; anthers 5–7 mm. Gynophore and gynoecium<br />
with reddish brown appressed fine trichomes; gynoecium<br />
ovoid to long ellipsoid, 1–1.3 cm; carpels 8–20, compressed<br />
globose, 3–4 mm; ovules 5 or 6 per carpel; styles ca. 1 mm,<br />
longitudinally furrowed. Fruit usually with 5–9 mature carpels;<br />
mature carpels compressed globose, 5–8 mm wide, with trichomes,<br />
apex mucronate. Seeds 1 or 2 per carpel. Fl. Mar–Apr,<br />
fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Thickets; 1100–2300 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, SE Xizang, C and S<br />
Yunnan.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for making perfume.<br />
27. Michelia figo (Loureiro) Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 2: 643. 1825.<br />
含笑花 han xiao hua<br />
Liriodendron figo Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 347. 1790;<br />
Liriopsis fuscata (Andrews) Spach; Magnolia annonifolia<br />
Salisbury; M. figo (Loureiro) Candolle; M. fuscata Andrews; M.<br />
fuscata var. annonifolia (Salisbury) Candolle; M. fuscata var.<br />
hebeclada Candolle; M. fuscata var. parviflora (Blume) Steudel;<br />
M. parviflora Blume; M. parvifolia Candolle; Michelia fuscata<br />
(Andrews) Blume; M. parviflora Delessert (1821), not Rumphius<br />
ex Candolle (1817); Sampacca parviflora Kuntze.<br />
Shrubs, 2–3 m tall. Bark grayish brown. Twigs and leaves<br />
dense. Young twigs, buds, petioles, and brachyblasts densely<br />
yellowish brown tomentose. Stipular scar reaching petiole apex.<br />
Petiole 2–4 mm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to obovate-elliptic,<br />
4–10 × 1.8–4.5 cm, abaxially midvein with brown appressed<br />
trichomes but other parts glabrescent, adaxially glossy and glabrous,<br />
base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex obtusely acute.<br />
Flowers 1.2–2 × 0.6–1.1 cm, erect, sweetly fragrant. Tepals 6,<br />
pale yellow but margin sometimes red to purple, long elliptic,<br />
1.2–2 × 0.6–1.1 cm, fleshy and thick. Stamens 7–8 mm; connective<br />
exserted and forming a sharp tip. Gynophore ca. 6 mm,<br />
pale yellow tomentose; gynoecium ca. 7 mm, exceeding androecium,<br />
glabrous. Fruit 2–3.5 cm; mature carpels ovoid to<br />
globose, apex with a mucronate beak. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jul–<br />
Aug. 2n = 38*.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
● Cultivated throughout most of S China and probably originated<br />
in cultivation.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally. It is<br />
cultivated in most other tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions<br />
of the world.<br />
Loureiro published Liriodendron figo based on a plant cultivated<br />
in Macao. Although the type was probably destroyed, the plant today<br />
identified as Michelia figo is identical with Loureiro’s description.<br />
28. Michelia crassipes Y. W. Law, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 5(3):<br />
121. 1985.<br />
紫花含笑 zi hua han xiao<br />
Magnolia figo (Loureiro) Candolle var. crassipes (Y. W.<br />
Law) Figlar & Nooteboom; Michelia brevipes Y. K. Li &<br />
Wang; M. figo (Loureiro) Sprengel var. crassipes (Y. W. Law)<br />
B. L. Chen & Nooteboom.<br />
Trees or shrubs, 2–5 m tall. Young twigs, buds, petioles,<br />
and peduncles densely reddish brown to yellow long tomentose.<br />
Bark grayish brown. Stipular scars as long as petiole. Petiole 2–<br />
4 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, obovate, narrowly obovate,<br />
or rarely narrowly elliptic, 7–13 × 2.5–4 cm, leathery, abaxially<br />
green and villous along veins, adaxially dark green, glabrous,<br />
and glossy, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex long caudatecuspidate<br />
to acute. Flowers very fragrant. Tepals 6, purplish red<br />
to dark purple, long elliptic, 1.8–2 × 0.6–0.8 cm. Stamens ca. 1<br />
cm; connective exserted into a short tip; anthers ca. 6 mm.<br />
Gynophore ca. 2 mm; gynoecium ca. 8 mm, not exceeding androecium,<br />
densely pilose; carpels ovoid, 3.5–4 mm, densely<br />
pilose; style 2 mm. Fruit 2.5–5 cm; brachyblast 1–2 × 0.3–0.5<br />
cm; mature carpels more than 10, compressed ovoid to compressed<br />
globose, papillate and with trichomes. Fl. Apr–May, fr.<br />
Aug–Sep.<br />
● Evergreen broad-leaved forests, ravines; 300–1000 m. N<br />
Guangdong, NE Guangxi, S Hunan.<br />
One of the co-authors (Nooteboom) considers that Michelia crassipes<br />
and M. skinneriana probably represent the wild forms of M. (Magnolia)<br />
figo and would be better treated as varieties of that species.<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
29. Michelia skinneriana Dunn, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 38: 354.<br />
1908.<br />
野含笑 ye han xiao<br />
Michelia amoena Q. F. Zheng & M. M. Lin; M. linyaoensis<br />
D. C. Zhang & S. B. Zhou.<br />
Trees, to 15 m tall. Young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade<br />
midrib abaxially, and peduncles densely brown villous. Bark<br />
grayish white, smooth. Stipular scars as long as petiole. Petiole<br />
2–4 mm; leaf blade narrowly obovate-elliptic, oblanceolate, or<br />
narrowly elliptic, 5–11(–14) × 1.5–3.5(–4) cm, leathery, abaxially<br />
sparsely brown villous, adaxially dark green and glossy,<br />
secondary veins 10–13 on each side of midvein, reticulate veins<br />
sparse and prominent on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate,<br />
apex long caudate-acuminate. Flowers fragrant. Peduncle slender.<br />
Tepals 6, pale yellow, obovate, 1.6–2 cm; outer tepals with<br />
87
88<br />
brown trichomes at base. Stamens 6–10 mm; connective exserted<br />
into a ca. 0.5 mm mucro; anthers 4–5 mm, latrorse.<br />
Gynophore 4–7 mm, with dense brown trichomes; gynoecium<br />
ca. 6 mm; carpels with dense brown trichomes. Fruit 4–7 cm,<br />
usually curved or shortened due to carpels partly undeveloped;<br />
peduncle slender; mature carpels black, globose to ellipsoid, 1–<br />
1.5 cm, beak mucronate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 38*.<br />
● Forests, ravines, slopes; below 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong,<br />
Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang.<br />
One of the co-authors (Nooteboom) considers that Michelia skinneriana<br />
and M. crassipes probably represent the wild forms of M.<br />
(Magnolia) figo and would be better treated as varieties of that species.<br />
“Michelia microphylla Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” (in Y. H. Liu,<br />
Magnolias China, 296. 2004) belongs here but was not validly published<br />
because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no<br />
type was indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental.<br />
30. Michelia martini (H. Léveillé) Finet & Gagnepain ex H.<br />
Léveillé, Fl. Kouy-Tchéou, 270. 1914–1915.<br />
黄心含笑 huang xin han xiao<br />
Magnolia martini H. Léveillé, Bull. Soc. Agric. Sarthe 39:<br />
321. 1904; Michelia bodinieri Finet & Gagnepain; M. longistamina<br />
Y. W. Law.<br />
Trees, to 20 m tall. Bark gray, smooth. Old twigs brown,<br />
scattered with lenticels; young twigs olive green, glabrous; buds<br />
ovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, with dense grayish yellow to reddish<br />
brown erect long trichomes. Petiole 1.5–2 cm, without a stipular<br />
scar; leaf blade narrowly obovate-elliptic, 12–18 × 3–5 cm,<br />
leathery, both surfaces glabrous, adaxially deep green and<br />
glossy, midvein abaxially prominent, secondary veins 11–17 on<br />
each side of midvein and nearly parallel, base cuneate to<br />
broadly cuneate, apex acute to shortly caudate. Brachyblasts<br />
thick and strong, ca. 7 mm, densely yellowish brown tomentose.<br />
Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6–8, pale yellow; outer tepals<br />
obovate-oblong, 4–4.5 × 2–2.4 cm; inner tepals oblanceolate,<br />
ca. 4 × 1.1–1.3 cm. Stamens 1.3–1.8 cm; filaments purple; connective<br />
exserted and forming a ca. 0.5 mm tip; anthers 1–1.2<br />
cm, dehiscing laterally. Gynoecium pale green, ca. 3 cm; carpels<br />
ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 1 cm; ovules 8–12 per carpel; styles<br />
nearly as long as carpels. Fruit 8–15 cm, wrinkled; mature carpels<br />
obovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, 1–2 cm, dehiscing along both<br />
ventral and dorsal sutures at same time, white lenticellate, apex<br />
shortly beaked. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 38.<br />
Forests; 1000–2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Henan,<br />
W Hubei, Hunan, C and S Sichuan, E Yunnan [Vietnam].<br />
“Michelia funingensis D. X. Li & Y. W. Law” (in Y. H. Liu,<br />
Magnolias China, 265. 2004) belongs here but was not validly published<br />
because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no<br />
type was indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental. It is used for making perfume<br />
and for timber.<br />
31. Michelia chapensis Dandy, J. Bot. 67: 222. 1929.<br />
乐昌含笑 le chang han xiao<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Magnolia chapensis (Dandy) Sima; M. jiangxiensis (Hung<br />
T. Chang & B. L. Chen) Figlar; M. microcarpa (B. L. Chen &<br />
S. C. Yang) Sima; Michelia brachyandra B. L. Chen & S. C.<br />
Yang; M. chartacea B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang; M. constricta<br />
Dandy; M. glaberrima Hung T. Chang; M. jiangxiensis Hung T.<br />
Chang & B. L. Chen; M. microcarpa B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang;<br />
M. tsoi Dandy.<br />
Trees, 15–30 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Bark gray to dark brown.<br />
Twigs glabrous or nodes grayish puberulous when young. Petiole<br />
1–2.5 cm, adaxially furrowed, glabrous or puberulous when<br />
young but later glabrescent, without a stipular scar; leaf blade<br />
obovate, narrowly obovate, or oblong-obovate, 6.5–15(–16) ×<br />
3–6.5(–7) cm, thinly leathery, adaxially deep green and glossy,<br />
secondary veins 9–12(–15) on each side of midvein, reticulate<br />
veins sparse, base cuneate, broadly cuneate, or obtuse, apex<br />
acute to shortly acuminate, acumen obtuse. Brachyblasts 4–<br />
10 mm, appressed gray puberulous, with 2–5 bract scars. Flowers<br />
fragrant. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, pale yellow; outer tepals<br />
obovate-elliptic, ca. 3 × 1.5 cm; inner tepals narrower. Stamens<br />
1.7–2 cm; connective exserted and forming a ca. 1 mm<br />
mucro; anthers 1.1–1.5 cm. Gynophore ca. 7–10 mm, densely<br />
silvery appressed puberulous; gynoecium narrowly cylindric,<br />
ca. 1.5 cm; carpels ovoid, ca. 2 mm; ovules 6 per carpel; styles<br />
ca. 1.5 mm. Fruiting brachyblasts ca. 2 mm. Fruit 3.5–10 cm;<br />
mature carpels ellipsoid to ovoid, 1–1.5 × ca. 1 cm, base broad,<br />
apex with short and curved tip. Seeds red, ovoid to ellipsoidovoid,<br />
ca. 10 × 6 mm. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Aug–Nov.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 500–1700 m. N and W Guangdong,<br />
NE and SE Guangxi, Guizhou, S and W Hunan, S Jiangxi, SE<br />
Yunnan [N Vietnam].<br />
This species is grown as an ornamental and used for timber.<br />
32. Michelia xanthantha C. Y. Wu ex Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu,<br />
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 10: 338. 1988.<br />
黄花含笑 huang hua han xiao<br />
Magnolia xanthantha (C. Y. Wu ex Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu)<br />
Figlar.<br />
Trees, to 30 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Twigs blackish brown to<br />
grayish yellow, ca. 4.5 mm in diam., scattered with lenticels;<br />
buds cylindric, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous. Stipules free from petiole.<br />
Petiole 2–2.5 cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade elliptic to<br />
obovate-elliptic, 15–17 × 6.2–7.5 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces<br />
glabrous, midvein abaxially slightly prominent and adaxially<br />
prominent, secondary veins 11 or 12 on each side of midvein,<br />
reticulate veins prominent on both surfaces, base cuneate<br />
to obtuse, apex shortly cuspidate. Brachyblasts ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous.<br />
Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, yellow, narrowly<br />
oblong to broadly oblanceolate, 4–5.5 × 1–1.5 cm. Stamens<br />
2.3–2.5 cm; connective exserted and forming a 1–2 mm sharp<br />
tip; anthers 1.8–2 cm. Gynophore 2–3 mm; gynoecium cylindric,<br />
1.8–2 cm, densely gray pubescent; carpels many, ovoid, 3–<br />
4 mm, densely gray pubescent; styles brown, ca. 1 mm. Fruit<br />
ca. 21 cm, pendulous; mature carpels dark brown, scattered<br />
with lenticels. Fl. Mar, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Forests; 1300–1400 m. S Yunnan (Xishuangbanna).
33. Michelia angustioblonga Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot.<br />
Res., Harbin 6(2): 97. 1986.<br />
狭叶含笑 xia ye han xiao<br />
Magnolia angustioblonga (Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu) Figlar.<br />
Trees, to 4 m, glossy, with appressed indument. Twigs<br />
black; buds densely brown villous. Stipules free from petiole.<br />
Petiole 1–1.5 cm, without a stipular scar; leaf blade narrowly<br />
oblong, 6.5–10 × 1.5–2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green<br />
and villous, adaxially deep green, midvein abaxially prominent,<br />
secondary veins inconspicuous, reticulate veins dense and conspicuous<br />
when dry, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex obtuse.<br />
Brachyblasts pilose. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, white, oblanceolate;<br />
outer 3 tepals 1.8–2 × 0.4–0.5 cm; inner 3 tepals 1.4–<br />
1.6 cm. Stamens 1.1–1.5 cm; connective exserted and forming a<br />
mucro; anthers 6–10 mm. Gynophore ca. 3 mm; gynoecium<br />
embedded in androecium, narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm; carpels<br />
brown puberulous. Fruit not seen. Fl. Apr.<br />
● Forests; ca. 1000 m. Guizhou (Libo).<br />
34. Michelia balansae (Aug. Candolle) Dandy, Bull. Misc.<br />
Inform. Kew 1927: 263. 1927.<br />
苦梓含笑 ku zi han xiao<br />
Magnolia balansae Aug. Candolle, Bull. Herb. Boissier,<br />
sér. 2, 4: 294. 1904; Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens<br />
Y. W. Law; M. balansae var. brevipes B. L. Chen; M. baviensis<br />
Finet & Gagnepain; M. tonkinensis A. Chevalier.<br />
Trees, 7–10 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h. Bark gray to grayish<br />
brown, smooth. Young twigs, buds, petioles, leaf blade abaxial<br />
surfaces, flower buds, and brachyblasts densely brown tomentose<br />
or with appressed fine trichomes. Petiole 1.5–4 cm, without<br />
a stipular scar, base flattened; leaf blade oblong-elliptic to<br />
obovate-elliptic, 10–20(–28) × 5–10(–12) cm, abaxially veins<br />
evidently prominent and brown tomentose, adaxially subglabrous,<br />
secondary veins 12–15 on each side of midvein with<br />
ends arching upward and becoming reticulate, base broadly cuneate,<br />
apex abruptly acute. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6, white<br />
and pale greenish, obovate-elliptic, 3.5–3.7 × 1.3–1.5 cm;<br />
innermost tepals oblanceolate, smaller. Stamens 1–1.5 cm; connective<br />
exserted and forming a mucro; anthers 8–10 mm. Gynophore<br />
4–6 mm, yellowish brown tomentose; gynoecium ovoid.<br />
Fruiting gynophore 4.5–7 cm. Fruit 7–12 cm; mature carpels<br />
ellipsoid-ovoid, obovoid, or cylindric, 2–6 × 1.2–1.5 cm, apex<br />
with a reflexed 3–5 mm beak. Seeds nearly ellipsoid, 1–1.5 cm,<br />
one end or both ends truncate; testa bright red; endotesta brown.<br />
Fl. Mar–Jul, fr. Aug–Oct. 2n = 38.<br />
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, along rivers; 300–1000 m. S<br />
Fujian, S and SW Guangdong, S Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, S Yunnan<br />
[Vietnam].<br />
Magnolia balansae and Michelia baviensis were published based<br />
on the same gathering (Balansa 3886, but Finet and Gagnepain wrongly<br />
cited the number as “3386”) from Mt. Bavi, Vietnam.<br />
“Michelia bailina Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou” (in Y. H. Liu,<br />
Magnolias China, 218. 2004) belongs here but was not validly published<br />
because no Latin description or diagnosis was provided and no<br />
type was indicated (Vienna Code, Art. 36.1 and 37.1).<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
This species is used for timber.<br />
35. Michelia guangxiensis Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou, J. Trop.<br />
Subtrop. Bot. 7: 191. 1999.<br />
广西含笑 guang xi han xiao<br />
Magnolia guangxiensis (Y. W. Law & R. Z. Zhou) Sima.<br />
Trees, 5–10 m tall, 10–20 cm d.b.h. Bark brown. Young<br />
twigs, buds, petioles, and brachyblasts densely brown tomentose.<br />
Twigs of current year green; older twigs grayish brown,<br />
glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm, without a stipular scar or stipular<br />
scar 1–3 mm; leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 6–15 × 3–5<br />
cm, leathery, abaxially grayish green and with sparse brown<br />
trichomes, adaxially shiny dark green and glabrous, midvein<br />
abaxially prominent, secondary veins 9–11 on each side, reticulate<br />
veins dense and prominent on both surfaces when dry, base<br />
cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acute to shortly acuminate.<br />
Flowers fragrant. Tepals 6, in 2 whorls, white, subequal, fleshy;<br />
outer 3 tepals obovate, 3–4 × 1.3–1.5 cm; inner 3 tepals narrowly<br />
obovate, 3–4 × 1–1.3 cm. Stamens many, 1.2–1.5 cm;<br />
connective exserted and forming a ca. 0.5 mm mucro; anthers<br />
ca. 1 cm. Gynophore 4–5 mm, densely brown firmly appressed<br />
pubescent; gynoecium ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 1 cm; ovaries ovoid,<br />
ca. 3 mm; ovules (2–)4(or 5) per carpel; styles ca. 1 mm. Fruit<br />
5–10 cm; mature carpels 10–15, ovoid, obovoid, or ellipsoidovoid,<br />
1–2 cm, completely dehiscing into 2 valves, apex shortly<br />
beaked. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Forests; 2100–2200 m. Guangxi (Longsheng).<br />
36. Michelia leveilleana Dandy, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927:<br />
263. 1927.<br />
长柄含笑 chang bing han xiao<br />
Magnolia leveilleana (Dandy) Figlar; Michelia cavaleriei<br />
H. Léveillé (1911), not Finet & Gagnepain (1906); M. chongjiangensis<br />
Y. K. Li & X. M. Wang; M. longipetiolata C. Y. Wu<br />
ex Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu.<br />
Trees, to 15 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Young twigs appressed<br />
pubescent; buds ovoid, ca. 1 cm, densely red villous. Stipules<br />
free from petiole. Petiole 2.5–3 cm, appressed pubescent, without<br />
a stipular scar; leaf blade broadly to narrowly obovate, 7.5–<br />
10.5 × 2.8–3.8 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces pubescent<br />
when young, midvein flat to adaxially slightly prominent,<br />
secondary veins 6–10 on each side of midvein and adaxially<br />
prominent, reticulate veins inconspicuous, base cuneate to<br />
broadly cuneate, apex acute. Flowers not seen. Stamen scar<br />
band in fruit ca. 8 mm. Fruiting brachyblasts ca. 3 mm. Fruiting<br />
gynophore 1–1.5 cm. Fruit 7–9 cm; undeveloped carpels ca. 20;<br />
mature carpels 7–12, blackish brown, ovoid, ca. 1.2 × 0.9 cm,<br />
lenticellate and villous, completely 2-valved. Fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
● Forests; 1000–1500 m. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan.<br />
37. Michelia gioi (A. Chevalier) Sima & Hong Yu, Seed Pl.<br />
Honghe Reg. S. E. Yunnan China, 55. 2003 [“gioii”].<br />
香子含笑 xiang zi han xiao<br />
Talauma gioi A. Chevalier, Bull. Écon. Indochine, n.s., 21:<br />
790. 1918; Magnolia hypolampra (Dandy) Figlar; Michelia<br />
hedyosperma Y. W. Law; M. hypolampra Dandy.<br />
89
90<br />
Trees, to 21 m tall, to 60 cm d.b.h. Buds, young petioles,<br />
brachyblasts, flower buds, and carpels appressed short sericeous<br />
but other parts glabrous. Twigs black turning pale brown when<br />
old, sparsely scattered with lenticels. Leaf blade obovate to<br />
elliptic-obovate, 6–13 × 5–5.5 cm, thinly leathery, with Illicium<br />
odor when crushed, both surfaces freshly green, glossy, and glabrous,<br />
secondary veins 8–10 on each side of midvein and<br />
prominent on both surfaces, reticulate veins slender, dense, and<br />
prominent on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate, apex with an<br />
obtuse tip. Flower buds long ellipsoid, ca. 2 cm. Brachyblasts<br />
ca. 1 cm. Flowers fragrant. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls; outer tepals<br />
membranous, linear, ca. 15 × 2 mm; tepals of inner 2 whorls<br />
38. Michelia ×alba Candolle, Syst. Nat. 1: 449. 1817.<br />
白兰 bai lan<br />
Magnolia ×alba (Candolle) Figlar; Michelia ×longifolia<br />
Blume; M. ×longifolia var. racemosa Blume; Sampacca ×longifolia<br />
(Blume) Kuntze.<br />
Trees, to 17 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark gray. Branches<br />
and leaves fragrant after being crushed. Twigs patent, forming a<br />
broadly umbelliform crown; young twigs and buds densely pale<br />
yellowish white puberulous, trichomes gradually deciduous<br />
with age. Stipular scar nearly reaching middle of petiole. Petiole<br />
1.5–2 cm, sparsely puberulous; leaf blade long elliptic to narrowly<br />
ovate, 10–27 × 4–9.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially<br />
sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous, reticulate veins very<br />
conspicuous on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, apex long<br />
acuminate to caudate-acuminate. Flowers very fragrant. Tepals<br />
10, white, lanceolate, 3–4 cm × 3–5 mm. Staminal connective<br />
exserted and forming a long tip. Gynophore ca. 4 mm; gynoecium<br />
puberulous; carpels numerous, usually partly undeveloped,<br />
forming a sparsely follicular fruit as torus elongates<br />
when mature. Fl. Apr–Sep. Usually not fruiting. 2n = 38.<br />
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan<br />
[native to Indonesia (Java)].<br />
This hybrid is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally. The<br />
plant is usually not fruiting and is propagated by grafting.<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
Hybrids or putative hybrids<br />
narrowly elliptic, 1.5–2 × ca. 0.6 cm. Stamens ca. 25, 8–9 mm;<br />
connective exserted and forming a 1–1.5 mm sharp tip. Gynophore<br />
4–5 mm and 2–3 cm in fruit; gynoecium ovoid; carpels<br />
ca. 10, narrowly ellipsoid, 6–7 mm, 5-ridged abaxially; ovules<br />
6–8 per carpel; styles ca. 2 mm, reflexed. Fruiting brachyblasts<br />
thick, 1.5–2 cm. Mature carpels grayish black, ellipsoid, 2–4.5<br />
× 1–2.5 cm, densely lenticellate, base shrunken into 2–8 mm<br />
stalks, apex mucronate, valves thick, reflexed when matured,<br />
exposing white endocarp. Seeds 1–4. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Sep–Oct.<br />
Forests, slopes, ravines; 300–800 m. SW Guangxi, Hainan, S Yunnan<br />
[Vietnam].<br />
39. Michelia elegans Y. W. Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot. Res.,<br />
Harbin 8(3): 71. 1988.<br />
雅致含笑 ya zhi han xiao<br />
Trees, to 5 m tall, with appressed indument. Old twigs<br />
dark brown, glabrous, scattered with lenticels; young twigs<br />
grayish brown, densely pubescent; buds ovoid, 1.5–2 × 0.7–1.2<br />
cm, brown tomentose. Stipules free from petiole. Petiole 0.5–1<br />
cm, pubescent, without a stipular scar, base slightly flattened;<br />
leaf blade obovate-oblong to rarely oblong, 9–18 × 4.5–5.5 cm,<br />
leathery, abaxially densely brown pubescent, adaxially glabrous,<br />
midvein abaxially prominent, secondary veins 11–13 on<br />
each side of midvein, reticulate veins dense and prominent<br />
when dry, base broadly cuneate to suborbicular, apex cuspidate.<br />
Brachyblasts ca. 1 cm, brown tomentose. Tepals 9, white, obovate<br />
to obovate-oblong, ca. 3 × 1.5–2 cm. Stamens many, ca.<br />
1.5 cm; connective exserted and forming a ca. 1.5 mm mucro;<br />
anthers ca. 1 cm. Gynophore ca. 8 mm, densely pubescent;<br />
gynoecium cylindric, 1.2–1.8 cm, densely pubescent; carpels<br />
ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, densely pubescent. Fruiting gynophore 1.3–<br />
1.5 cm. Fruit cylindric, 6–7 cm; mature carpels broadly obovoid<br />
to subglobose, 1.1–1.2 × ca. 1 cm, slightly white lenticellate.<br />
Seeds 1 per carpel. Fl. Apr, fr. Oct.<br />
● Open fields. Zhejiang (Qingyuan).<br />
This plant may be a hybrid with Michelia cavaleriei as one of<br />
the parents. It is cultivated at the South China Botanical Garden, from<br />
where the holotype was collected.<br />
13. LIRIODENDRON Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 535. 1753.<br />
鹅掌楸属 e zhang qiu shu<br />
Trees, deciduous. Bark grayish white, longitudinally fissured, falling off in small masses. Winter buds ovoid, surrounded by 2<br />
connate stipules. Stipules free from petiole. Leaves spirally arranged, folded and pendulous in buds; petiole long; leaf blade with 1 or<br />
2 lateral lobes near base, apex truncate to emarginate. Flowers terminal, solitary, bisexual, not fragrant, appearing at same time as<br />
leaves. Tepals 9, in 3 whorls, subequal. Anthers dehiscing extrorsely. Gynoecium sessile; carpels many, spirally arranged, distinct,<br />
basal ones sterile; ovules 2 per carpel, pendulous. Fruit fusiform; mature carpels woody, falling off from torus when matured; testa<br />
fused with endocarp, apex elongated winglike; torus persistent. Seeds 1 or 2 per carpel; testa thin and dry.<br />
Two species: E Asia and E North America; one species in China.<br />
The North American species Liriodendron tulipifera Linnaeus is cultivated as a garden plant in E China.
1. Liriodendron chinense (Hemsley) Sargent, Trees & Shrubs<br />
1: 103. 1903.<br />
鹅掌楸 e zhang qiu<br />
Liriodendron tulipifera Linnaeus var. chinense Hemsley, J.<br />
Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 25. 1886; L. tulipifera var. sinense Diels.<br />
Trees, to 40 m tall, to 1 m d.b.h. Twigs gray to grayish<br />
brown. Petiole 4–8(–16) cm; leaf blade 4–12(–18) × 3–9.5(–23)<br />
cm, membranous to papery, abaxially glaucous, base truncate to<br />
slightly cordate and with 1 lateral lobe near base of each side,<br />
apex 2-lobed. Flowers cupular. Tepals 9; outer 3 tepals green,<br />
sepal-like, curved and outwardly pendulous; tepals of inner 2<br />
MAGNOLIACEAE<br />
whorls green with yellow striations, erect, petal-like, obovate,<br />
3–4 cm. Filaments 5–6 mm; anthers 1–1.6 cm. Gynoecium exceeding<br />
tepals at anthesis; carpels yellowish green. Fruit 7–9<br />
cm; nutlets ca. 6 mm, winged, apex obtuse to mucronate, 1- or<br />
2-seeded. Fl. May, fr. Sep–Oct. 2n = 38.<br />
Forests; 900–1000 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou,<br />
Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, SE Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang<br />
[N Vietnam].<br />
This species is used for timber and grown as an ornamental. It is a<br />
rare and endangered species composed of small populations or scattered<br />
individuals.<br />
91