GT{APHIS ScnIPTA

GT{APHIS ScnIPTA 

Volym l},hafte I-2, 1999 

Nordisk Lichenologrsk Forening

Nordisk Lichenologisk Fiirening (NLF) 

Nordic Lichen Society 

Ordfcirande President: Orvo Vitikainen, 

Botanical Museum (Mycology), P.O. Box 47, 

FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, email 

: orvo.vitikainen@helsinki. fi . 

Vice ordfdrande Vice President: Ulrik 

Sochting, Institut f. Sporeplanter, A. Farimagsgade 

2D, DK- 1353 Ksbenhavn, 

Danmark, e-mail: ulriks@bot.ku.dk. 

Sekreterare Secretary: Mikko Kuusinen, 

Department of ecology and systematics, 

P.O.Box 47, FIN-00014 University of 

Helsinki, Finland, e-mail: mikko.kuusinen 

@helsinki.fi. 

Graphis Scripta is published by the Nordic 

Lichen Society (NLF) twice a year. Graphis 

Scripta publishes papers of interest to Nordic 

lichenology and information from NLF. 

Membership of NLF is open to all individuals 

interested in lichenology. The membership is 

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Framsidans teckning Frontpage: Ulf Arup. Stockholm, maj 1999,ISSN 090 l-7 593.

Roland Moberg has turned 60 

Roland Moberg turned sixty on April 29th. 

Who could believe that? I got to know Roland 

in the early seventies when I visited Uppsala 

for a course in chemotaxonomy. He worked as 

an assistant in the herbarium with Rolf 

Santesson. A few years later I also attended a 

course in lichenology 1974 organized by Leif 

Tibell and Roland Moberg. We were a few 

students around the large table in Fytoteket 

which many might have seen through the 

years, the table which was usually covered 

with all kind of herbarium material and especially 

lichens. This was a very stimulating 

course enlightening the various aspects of 

lichenological research of that time. As text 

book we had the just recently published Henssen 

& Jahns, Lichenes, Eine Einfihrung in die 

Flechtenkunde. 

Roland, however, is not known for his 

qualifications as an academic teacher but for 

his work in the Uppsala university herbarium, 

where he became director in 1973 when Rolf 

Santesson moved to the Natural History 

Museum in Stockholm. Since then he has 

managed the herbarium known as Fytoteket in 

a perfect way. The lichen herbarium belongs 

to one of largest in the world and the associated 

library is outstanding, making the 

frequent foreign visitors very impressed. 

Roland started very early using computers and 

thanks to his personal interest there are now 

large data bases over the collections. The only 

weak point perhaps with the herbarium was 

the location in the very old Thunbergian 

buildings. These buildings actually had never 

been planned to store such a large herbarium 

at the side of the Department of Systematic 

Botany. To find space for the constantly 

growing collections was always a problem. 

He has contributed a great deal himself adding 

collections from his extensive travelling all 

over the world. Some years &go, however, 

Roland managed to get the old fashioned 

rooms partly modernized. But now finally 

Roland can be proud of moving in to new 

storage rooms for the herbaria in a new 

museum building associated to the Evolutionary 

Biology Centre. This must have been a 

great event for the manager of the botanical 

collections in Uppsala who had been waiting 

for several decads for the expasion. 

In the Nordic countries Roland must be 

acknowledged for initiating the Nordic Lichen 

Society. It was in 1975, after informal discussions 

in Uppsala between a few persons from 

Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, 

Roland organized and invited to the first 

excursion in Hemavan in the province of 

Jlmtland in Sweden August 10 to 16. The 

story then continued with excursion in western 

Norway in 1978, in northwestern Jutland 

in 1979 and in Kuusamo, northeastern Finland 

in 1981. As a result of these regular meetings 

and appurtenant checklists, the journal 

Graphis Scripta came out for the first time in 

1986 after 3 preliminary issues as Nordisk 

Lichenologisk Forening Informationsavis 

1979, I 98 I and 1982. 

We from the Nordic counffies, organrzers 

of excursions within the Nordic Lichen SocieW, 

editoral board of Graphis Scripta and 

managers of herbaria wish Roland all best for 

the coming exciting years ahead and the 

beginning of the new century and millennium. 

I Kcirnefelt

2 Roland Moberg has turned 60 GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (1999) 

Figure 1. Roland Moberg together with Leif Tibell (left) and Lars Arvidsson in Fytoteket 

during a lichen course in 1974. 

Figure 2. Roland on the embankment close to the Admirality in Leningrad, October 1991, the 

Peter-Paul Castle behind. At his left side Rolf Santesson, and to the right Leif Tibell and Irina 

Shapiro.

GRAPHTS SCzuPTA 10 (1999) 

Figure 3. Roland is having his lunch break 

during the first excursion within the Nordic 

Lichen Society in Storlien, J6mtland, Sweden 

in August 1975. In the front is Rolf Santesson 

and at his left side Ulrik Sochting. 

Roland Moberg has turned 60 3 

Figure 4. Roland is giving a speech in one of 

the many meetings he attended, this time 

during the IMC 4 in Regensburg in August 

1990. Partly covered from the left Helmut 

Mayrhofer, Cliff Smith, David Galloway 

(fourth president of the the IAL) and covered 

Josef Poelt.

Notes on the chemistry of some lichens from Norway 

JACK A. ELIX and TOR TONSBERG 

Elix, J. A. & Tsnsberg, T. 1999: Notes on the chemistry of some lichens 

from Norway. Graphis Scripta I0: 4-6. Stockholm. ISSN 090 l-7593. 

Eumitrin derivatives and/or secalonic acid derivatives are the main acetone 

soluble pigments in the soralia of Buellia griseovirens, Japewia subaurifera, 

Rinodina efflorescens, and Rinodina sheardii. The chromones lepraric, conlepraric, 

sublepraric and roccellic acids were found in Lecanactis latebrarum. 

Jack A. Elix, Dept. of Chemistry, Australian National (Jniversity, Canberra, 

0200, Australia. 

Tor Tsnsberg, Dept. of Botany, (Jniversity of Bergen, Allegaten 4l , N- j007 

Bergen, Norway. 

Routine chemical investigations of Norwegian 

crustose, mainly corticolous lichens by one of 

us (TT) using standard thin-layer chromatographic 

methods (see Culberson 1972 and 

later modifications) yielded many acetone 

soluble substances that could not be easily 

identified (see Tonsberg 1992a). Several of 

the unknown substances were diagnostic 

pigments found in common species with 

yellow soralia. The present paper clarifies the 

identity of some of these substances and 

throws light on the identity of others. In 

addition we report on the chromone 

constituents of Lecanactis latebrarum. 

Materials and methods 

The lichen material studied is deposited in 

herbarium BG or in ANUC (as BG 

duplicates). The specimens were studied by 

thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and lichen 

mass spectrometry (LMS) as described by 

McCarthy & Elix (1996). For high power 

liquid chromatography (HPLC) a Hewlett 

Packard Series 1050 System, a Phenomenex 

Hypersil 5Cl8 column (250 by 4.6 mm) and a 

diode anay detector operating at 254 nm with 

a flow rate of I ml/min were used. Two 

solvent systems were employed: | % aqueous 

orthophosphoric acid and methanol in the 

ratio 3:7 (L), and methanol (M). The run 

started with 100 % L and was raised to 5 8 % 

M within 15 min, then to 100 % M within a 

further 15 min, followed by isocratic elution 

in 100 % M for a further l0 min. 

Buellia griseovirens (Turner & Borrer ex 

S*.) Almb. 

Atranorin (major), norstictic acid (major) and 

a series (c. l0 compounds) of unidentified 

pigments related to eumitrins A l, A2, and B, 

including eumitrins P and M. Pigments in this 

species were referred to as "griseovirens 

unknowns" by Tonsberg (1992a). Specimens 

with large amounts of pigments have yellow 

soralia reacting C + orange and UV + orange. 

Specimens examined: Norway. Akershus: 

Brerum, 1981, Tonsberg 6426b. Buskerud:

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (1999) Chemistry of Norwegian lichens 5 

Hole, 1981, Tonsberg 6449. Vestfold: Hof, hus, 1982, Tonsberg 6641a,7084; Rennebu, 

1990, Tonsberg 13099. Sor-Trondelag: 1982, Tonsberg 7033. 

Grong, 197 9, Tonsberg 4466. 

Japewia subaurifera Muhr & Tsnsberg 

Secalonic acid X2 and Z, and eumitrin L 

(minor), and traces of several further secalonic 

acid derivatives. The yellow pigments in 

Japewia subaurtfera were referred to as "subaurifera 

unknowns I - 3" by Tonsberg 

(reeza). 

Specimens examined: Norway. Nord- 

Trondelag: Levanger, 1983, Tonsberg 8407. 

Nordland: Ssrfold, 1986, Tonsberg 9747; 

Hamarsy, I 986, Tonsb erg 97 52. 

Lecanactis latebrarum (Ach.) Arnold 

Lepraric acid (submajor), conlepraric acid 

(major), and sublepraric acid (trace). Previous 

reports of the chemistry of Lecanactis 

latebrarum include e.g. Tonsberg (1992a), 

who reported lepraric acid, latebrarum 

unknown, and roccellic acid in specimens 

from Norway, and Ktimmerling et al. (1994) 

who reported lepraric acid (together with the 

chromone Le4), roccellic acid and a 

lipophilous substanceF2 as major compounds 

in material mainly from central Europe. 

Specimen examined: Norway. Sogn og fiordane: 

Naustdal, I 983, Tsnsberg 7927 . 

Rinodina efflorescens Malme 

Pannarin (major), secalonic acid A (major), as 

well as atranorin (minor) and chloroatranorin 

(minor), the latter two substances possibly due 

to contaminants. Previous reports on the 

pigments of Rinodina effIorescens include 

Tonsberg (1992a) who found "efflorescens 

unknown". 

Specimens examined: Norway. Vestfold: Hof, 

1990, Tonsberg 13069. Hordaland: Fjell, 

1989, Tonsberg 11988. Ssr-Trondelag: Mel- 

Rinodina sheardii Tonsberg 

Atranorin (trace), secalonic acid A (major), 

thiomelin, and 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxy-2methoxy- 

I ,3-dimethylxanthone (minor). The 

latter substance also occurs in R. thiomela. 

Previous reports on the pigments in Rinodina 

sheardii include Tonsberg (1992b), who 

recorded an unidentified pigment and 

Tonsberg (1998), where this unknown were 

identified as secalonic acid A. 

Specimen examined: Norway. Sogn og Fiordane: 

Stryn, 1993, Tonsberg 18768. 

Notes on secalonic acid and eumitrin 

derivatives 

Ergochrome (secalonic acid) and eumitrin 

derivatives are a group of natural pigments 

produced by both lichenized and nonlichenized 

fungi, which incorporate two 

xanthene moieties linked in the 2 & 2'positions 

(ergochromes) or the 2 & 4'positions 

(eumitrins). Three known 

ergochrome derivatives have been reported 

from lichen sources, namely ergochrome AA 

(secalonic acid A), ergochrome AB (secalonic 

acid C) and ergochrome BB (secalonic acid B) 

(Elix et al. 1988, Huneck & Yoshimura 1996). 

In addition several related, but structurally 

unidentified, ergochrome derivatives have 

been detected in various lichen species (Elix 

& Nash 1998, Kalb & Elix 1998). Secalonic 

acid XZ is one such pigment, reported 

previously from Buellia serotina Malme 

(Kalb & Elix 1998). Three closely related 

eumitrin derivatives (2,4'-dimers), eumitrin 

Al, A2 and B I have been isolated from 

Usnea baileyi (Stirt.) Zahlbr. and fully 

characterized (Yang et al. 1973). These and 

related compounds appear to be quite widely 

distributed in lichens and a further 15 such 

compounds (eumitrins C-R), each 

characterized by their TLC, HPLC and ultra-

6 Jack A. Elix and Tor Tsnsberg 

violet spectral properties have been identified 

by Elix & Wardlaw (in sched.). These new 

compounds appear to differ from eumitrins 

Al, A2 and B in the stereochemistry and 

nature of the substituents in the cyclohexane 

(or cyclohexene) rings, but their respective 

chemical structures remain to be elucidated. 

Eumitrins L, M and P detected in the present 

work are yellow pigments structurally related 

to eumitrin B. 

References 

Culberson, C. F. 1972: Improved conditions 

and new data for the identification of 

lichen products by a standardized thinlayer 

chromatographic method. J. 

Chromatogr. 72: I l3-125. 

Elix, J. A., Jenkins, G. A. & Lumbsch, H. T. 

I 988: Chemical variation in the lichen 

genus Diploicia. Mycotaxon 33: 457-466. 

Elix, J. A., & Nash, T. H. III 1998 ("1997"): 

A monograph of the lichen genus Pseudoparmelia. 

Bryologist 100: 482-498. 

Huneck, S. & Yoshimura, Y. 1996: Identiftcation 

of lichen substances. Springer-Verlag, 

Berlin, Heidelberg & New York. 

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (1999) 

Kalb, K. & Elix, J. A. 1998: The chemistry of 

some species of Buellia sensu lato (Lecanorales, 

lichenized Ascomycotina). Mycotascon 

68:465-482. 

Ktimmerling, H., Leuckert, C. & Wirth, V. 

1994: Chemische Flechtenanalysen IX. 

Lecanactis latebrarum (Ach.) Arnold. 

Nova Hedw. 58: 437-446. 

McCarthy, P. M. & Elix, J. A. 1996: Myeloconis, 

a new genus of pyrenocarpous 

lichens from the troprcs. Lichenologist 28: 

40t-4t4. 

Tonsberg, T. 1992a: The sorediate and 

isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in 

Norway. Sommerfeltia I4: l-331. 

Tsnsberg, T. 1992b: Rinodina sheardii, a new 

lichen species from northwest Europe and 

northwest North America. Bryologist 95: 

216-2t7. 

Tonsberg, T. 1998: Additions to the lichen 

flora of Norway and Sweden. Graphis 

Scripta 9: 27 -31. 

Yang, D-M., Takeda, N., litaka, Y., Sankawa, 

U. & Shibata, S. 1973: The structure of 

eumitrins Al, A2 and B. The yellow pigments 

of the lichen Usnea baileyi (Stirt.) 

Zahlbr. Phytochemistry 2 9: 5 19 -528.

Epilithic lichens on iron- and copper-containing crusts at 

Qeqertarsu ae, Central West Greenland 

ERIC STEEN HANSEN 

Hansen, E. S. 1999: Epilithic lichens on iron- and copper-containing crusts at 

Qeqertarsuaq, Central West Greenland. Graphis Scripta I0: 7 -12. Stockholm. 

ISSN 0901-7593. 

The lichen flora on iron- and copper-containing rock surfaces was studied at 

several sites near Qeqertarsuaq on Disko in Central West Greenland. More 

than twenty lichens were found growing on iron-containing crusts on gneissic 

rocks, while five lichens occur on such crusts on basaltic boulders and 

rocks composed of basalt breccia. Thirteen lichens grow on copper-containing 

crusts on gneissic rocks. The lichens are listed and discussed. 

Eric Steen Hansen, Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen, 

Gothersgade 130, DK-l123 Copenhagen K, Denmark- 

The Tertiary basalts on Disko (Asuk) contain 

native iron (Clarke & Pedersen 1976). The 

iron content of the basaltic rocks near Qeqertarsuaq 

(69'15'N, 53"22'W) is rather high (12- 

16 wt-% Fe2O3; Larsen & Pedersen 1990), 

while that of the Pre-Cambrian gneisses, 

which constitute the bedrock in this area, is 

relatively low (c. 3.5 % Fe2O3, Pedersen, 

personal conrmunication). Iron is also present 

in the form of, for example, limonite, ilmenite 

and pyrite. Mineral crusts composed of copper 

occur on different gneissic rocks in the area. 

The content of copper has previously been 

measured to be up to 20000 ppm dry weight 

(Alstrup & Hansen 1977). Unfortunately it 

has not been possible to establish the identity 

of these crusts. They are very thin (

8 Eric Steen Hansen 

Baeomyces rufus 

Bellemerea alpina 

Caloplaca alcarum 

Caloplaca castellana 

Caloplaca nivalis 

Candelariella arctica 

Cetraria islandica 

Cetrariella delisei 

Cladonia borealis 

Endocarpon pusillum 

Ephebe hispidula 

Fl av o c etr ari a cucul I at a 

Flavocetraria nivalis 

Lecanora argopholis 

Lecanora chlorolepros a 

Lecanora contractula 

Lecanora intricata 

Lecanora muralis 

Lecanora polytropa 

Lecidea lapicida var. lapicida 

Lecidea lapicida var. pantherina 

Lepraria neglecta 

Leprocaulon subalbicans 

Miriquidica atrofulva 

Miriq uidica ni gro I epro s a 

Ochrolechia frigida 

Orp hnio sp ora mo riop s is 

Pertusaria oculata 

Phylliscum demangeonii 

Physconia detersa 

Porpidia flavicunda 

Porpidia melinodes 

Pseudephebe minuscula 

Pseudephebe pubescens 

Rhizocarpon geminatum 

Rhizocarpon grande 

Rhizocarpon inarense 

Rhizocarp on praeb adium 

Sp orast at i a t estudine a 

Stereocaulon alpinum 

Stereocaulon botryosum 

Thamnolia vermicularis var. subulifurmis 

Tremolecia atrata 

Umb tltcaria cylindric a 

Umbilicaria decussata 

U mb il icaria hyp erb orea 

Umbilicaria lyngei 

Umb il icaria prob o s c ide a 

Umbilicaria toruefacta 

Umbilicaria vellea 

Verrucaria ceut ho carp a 

Vestergrenops is is idiata 

Xanthoria elegans 


I. Lichens associated with crusts composed 

of hydrous ferric oxids (timonite) on gneissic 

rocks 

Vertical, N-facing rock faces often have an up 

to 0.5 m broad zone just about the ground 

colonized by the following lichens: Amygdalaria 

panaeola, Bellemerea alpina, Lecanora 

chloroleprose, Lecidea lapicida var. pantherina, 

Lepraria neglecta, Miriquidica 

atrofulva, M. nigroleprose, Phyltiscum 

demangeonii, Porpidia melinodes (often 

dominant), P. flavicunda, Rhizocqrpon 

grande, R. inarense, Stereocaulon botryosuffi, 

Tremolecia atrata (sometimes dominant), 

Umbilicaria cylindrica, U. proboscidea, U. 

torrefacta and Vestergrenopsis isidiata. Caloplaca 

nivalis and Leprocaulon subalbicans 

grow on mosses on these faces, which usually 

have distinct limonite crusts. The thallus of 

Porpidia flavicunda, P. melinodes, Tremolecia 

atrata and Miriquidica atrofulva has a 

distinct ochraceous and rusty colouration. 

Acarospora sinopica, which has a distinct 

preference for exposed, horizontal faces of 

rocks rich in ferrous sulphides (Purvis & 

James 1985), has not previously been reported 

from the Godhavn area, but in l99l I found 

this species at Sisimiut and in 1992 at Nordre 

Nres just north of Ilulissat (Hansen 1997, 

1998). The different rock types at Qeqertarsuaq 

are very poor in sulphur (

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA l0 (1999) 

Figure L. Gneissic rock faces with a distinct 

depression filled with water near Qeqertarsuaq. 

A distin ct zonation pattern with somewhat 

fewer lichen species was observed on faces of 

gneissic rocks, which slope down towards a 

depression filled with water (Figure I ). The 

zone nearest the water surface is black 

because of algae and thalli of Ephebe hispidula. 

The middle zone is totally dominated by 

thalli of Tremolecia atrata, which together 

with limonite crusts give the rock face a characteristic 

rust-red colour. The uppermost zone 

supports scattered thalli of Umbilicaria 

torrefacta, U. cylindrica and U- hyperborea. 

The three zones are 0.5 m broad. In connection 

with seepages and melt water passages 

Tremolecia atrata can form up to more than I 

m broad bands together with, for example, 

Umbilicaria torrefacta ot U. vellea. 

The basal part of gneissic boulders in 

moist block-fields often has an ochraceous to 

rust-red colour because of thalli of Porpidia 

melinodes, P. flavicunda and Tremolecia 

atrata, which grow among crusts of limonite. 

Epilitic lichens fro* Greenland 9 

Tremolecia atrata-limonite-zone (Fe) along a 

The upper part of the blocks is more dry and 

without traces of ferrugineous matters. It is 

covered by lichen species such as Allantoparmelia 

alpicola, Arctoparmelia incurva, 

Stereocaulon botryosuffi, Umbilicaria hyperborea, 

Orphniospora moriopsis and Rhizocarpon 

inarense. 

II. Lichens growing on crusts of limonite on 

basaltic boulders and rocks composed of 

basalt breccia 

Five lichens, viz. Porpidia melinodes (dominant), 

P. flavicunda, Lecidea lapicida var. 

lapicida, Tremolecia atrata and Amygdalaria 

panaeola, were found growing in connection 

with limonite crusts on the lower, moist part 

of basaltic boulders and boulders and rocks 

composed of basalt breccia. The basalt breccias 

at Qeqertarsuaq are rich in more or less 

weathered clay minerals (5 vol. Yo), and their 

high porosity together with the great avail-

l0 Eric Steen Hansen GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (1999) 

ad 

re 

Figure 2. Gneissic rock coated with copper-containing crusts near the Arctic Station. The crusts 

occur at the central part ofthe vertical rock face (Cu). The horizontal and slightly sloping faces 

are covered by normal epilithic lichen vegetation dominated by, for "**rple, orpholorporo 

moriopsis, Pseudephebe minuscala and different Umbilicaria species. 

ability of their nutrients to the lichens makes 

the basalt breccias an excellent substratum for 

many more or less eutrophic lichens, for 

example, Caloplaca castellana, Endocarpon 

pusillum, Lecanora muralis, Physconia detersa, 

Rhizocarpon geminatum and Xanthoria 

elegans. The last-mentioned species is presumably 

favoured by ferric oxides originating 

from pyroxenes, for example, augite, one of 

the main components of the rock (Rondon 

1962, Hansen & Graff-Petersen 1986). Guano 

from ravens and different sea birds is supposed 

to be the primary source of nutrient for 

most lichens on the rocks composed of basalt 

breccia. 

III. Lichens occurring on coppercontaining 

crusts on gneissic rocks 

The gneissic rocks coated with crusts rich in 

copper and previously investigated by Alstrup 

& Hansen (1977) were revisited (Figure 2), 

and rocks of the same type were discovered in 

the vicinity of Qeqertarsuaq. One is situated 

on a point at the southeastern part of the town. 

It is exposed directly to the sea. One marine 

lichen, viz. Verrucaria ceuthocarpa, and five 

ornithocoprophilous lichens, viz. Acarospora 

molybdina, Amandinea coniops, Caloplaca 

alcarum, Candelariella arctica and Lecanora 

contractula, were found growing on this rock.

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 10 (1999) 

However, these lichens are supposed to be 

very little influenced by copper, because the 

copper-containing crusts occur very scattered 

on the rock faces. 

Besides Lecanora polytropa, Pseudephebe 

pubescens and Umbilicaria lyngei, ten 

lichens, vrz. Acarospora smaragdula, Bellemerea 

alpina, Lecanora argopholis, L. chloroleprosa, 

L. intricata, Miriquidica atrofulva, 

Orphniospora moriopsis, Pseudephebe 

minuscula, Rhizocarpon praebadium, Sporastatia 

testudinea, Umbilicaria decussata, and 

U. torcefacta were found growing on and in 

immidiate vicinity of the copper-containing 

mineral crusts on the rock face (Cu) shown on 

Figure 2. Lecanora intricata has distinct 

green apothecia and thallus. The copper content 

in the ten additional species has not been 

measured, but it is assumed to be relatively 

low. It cannot be excluded that some lichens, 

for example L. intricata and L- polytropa have 

developed tolerance to copper, which is toxic 

to plants and fungi in high concentration 

(Purvis & Halls 1996). The copper content of 

the last-mentioned species was previously 

measured to be 4900 ppm. 

Part of the basal zone of the investigated 

rock is coated with iron hydroxides. This zone 

supports five species, Miriquidica atrofulva, 

M. nigroleprosa, Rhizocarpon geminatum, R. 

inarense and Tremolecia atrata, all of which 

are exposed to iron and copper in unknown 

concentrations. The terricolous vegetation 

below the rock is extremely open compared 

with the sulrounding heath vegetation. The 

following higher plants and lichens have colonrzed 

the soil: Empetrum hermaphroditum, 

Salix glauca, Silene acaulis, Viscaria alpina, 

Baeomyces rufus (with distinct green thallus!) 

Cetraria islandica, Cetrariella delisei, Clado- 

nia borealis, Flavocetraria nivalis, F. cucullata, 

Ochrolechia frigida, Pertusaria oculata, 

Stereocaulon alpinum, and Thamnolia vermicularr.t 

var. subuliformis. This community 

is likely influenced by metal ions transported 

from the rock via rain and melt water. 

Acknowledgements 

Epilitic lichens fro* Greenland I I 

Thanks are due to Dr Asger Ken Pedersen, 

Geological Museum, University of Copenhag€tr, 

for help with the geological information. 

I am also indepted to the board of the Arctic 

Station, University of Copenhagen, for permission 

to use the facilities of the station. 

References 

Alstrup, V. & Hansen, E. S. 1977: Three species 

of lichens tolerant of high concentrations 

of copper. Oikos 29: 290-293 - 

Clarke, D. B. & Pedersen, A. K. 1976: Tertiary 

volcanic province of West Greenland. 

In: Escher, A. & Stuart Watt, W. (eds) 

Geologt of Greenland- Copenhagen' pp. 

365-3 8s. 

Creveld, M. l98l : Epilithic lichen corrlmunities 

in the alpine zone of southern Norway. 

Biblioth. Lichenol. I7: l-288. 

Hansen, E. S. 1997: Studies of the lichen flora 

of coastal areas in Central West Greenland. 

Nova Hedw. 64: 505-523. 

Hansen, E. S. 1998: The lichen flora near 

Sisimiut, Kangaamiut and Maniitsoq in 

Central West Greenland. Herzogia 13: 

199-206. 

Hansen, E. S. & Graff-Petersen, P. 1986: 

Lichens growing on the Ella Island meteorite, 

Central East Greenlan d- Lichenologist 

l8: 71-78. 

Larsen L. M. & Pedersen, A. K. 1990: Volcanic 

marker horizons in the Maligaat 

Formation on Disko and Nuugssuaq, ffid 

implications for the development of the 

southern part of the West Greenland basin 

in the early Tertiary. Rapp - Gronlands 

geol. Unders. i,48: 65-73. 

Purvis, O. W. & Halls, C. 1996: A review of 

lichens in metal-enriched environments. 

Lichenologist 28: 571-601 . 

Purvis, O. W. & James, P. W. 1985: Lichens 

of the Coniston Copper Mines. Lichenologist 

I7: 221- 237 .

12 Eric Steen Hansen 

Rondon, Y. 1962: Remarques sur quelques 

lichens croissant sur du fer. Cah. Nat. 

Bull., N. P. I8: 17-18. 

Santesson, R. 1993: The lichens and lichenicolous 

fungi of Sweden and Norway. 

SBT-fbrlaget, Lund. 


Wirth, V. 1972: Die Silikatflechten-Gemeinschaften 

in Ausseralpinen Zenfialeuropa. 

Dissertationes Botanicae, Lehre, pp. I - 

305.

Floristic news from Swedetrr Norway and Finland 

ANDERS NORDIN and JANOLOF HERMANSSON 

Nordin, A. & Hermansson, J. 1999: Floristic news from Sweden, Norway 

and Finland. Graphis Scripta I0: 13-20. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593. 

Bacidia fuscoviridis and Lecanora flavoleprosa are reported for the first time 

from Sweden, and Micarea viridiatra is reported for the first time from 

Norway. Short descriptions and notes on ecology and distribution are 

provided. Moreover, two host species for Sphinctrina anglica in Swedish 

and Finnish material have been identifi ed, Protoparmelia oleagina and P. 

hypotremella, neither reported from Fennoscandia before. P. oleagina is also 

reported from Norway. New Swedish localities are given for Arthonia incarnata, 

Dirina massiliensis f . sorediata, and Sphinctrina anglica and a Norwegian 

locality for Micaree alabastrites. Sphinctrina anglica has been regarded 

as extinct in Sweden and no recent localities for Arthonia incarnata have 

been known. Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata is new to the Swedish mainland. 

Micarea alabastrites was known from Hordaland before, but no information 

about its localities has been published. 

Anders Nordin, Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biologlt 

Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvrigen I8D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. 

Janolof Hermansson, Ludvika Municipality, Unit for Physical Planning, 

,SE-771 82 Ludvika, Sweden. 

This paper introduces some species new to 

Sweden, Norway and Finland. Moreover, new 

localities for some rare species are given. The 

finds are the result of excursions made separately 

by the two authors, some dating as far 

back as 1995. Also herbarium material from 

UPS has been of great importance. 

Arthonia incarnatt Th. Fr. ex Almq. 

Prior to the finds reported here Arthonia 

incarnata was known in Sweden only from a 

few l gth century collections from localities in 

the provinces of Jiimtland, Medelpad and 

Angermanland. In the Swedish Red List of 

1990 (Databanken fiir hotade arter och Naturvf,rdsverket 

l99l) the species was tentatively 

classified as Rare. After futile searching for 

the species at the old localities, the expert 

committee decided it should be regarded as 

Extinct. However, not long before the publication 

of the revised Red List (Aronsson et al. 

1995) the species was rediscovered (see 

below). Outside Sweden both old and recent 

finds are known from Finland. 

The species is similar to Arthonia vinosa, 

but the hymenium is K- (K+ intensively 

purplish red in A. vinosa), and the spores are 

2-septate and smooth ( I -septate and slightly 

warted in A. vinosa). Also l. helvola has 2septate 

spores, but the apothecia are red, not 

reddish brown to chocolate brown as in A. 

incarnata, and the hymenium has the same Kreaction 

as A. vinosa. All collections of A. 

incarnata from last century were taken on 

lignum or bark of Picea abies in humid areas.

14 Anders Nordin and Janolof Hermansson 

After reports from Finland about finds of 

Arthonia incarnata at the base of old Salix 

caprea trunks (Kuusinen 1994) the second 

author started investigating the same habitat 

in active search for the species in the area of 

the old records in south-eastern Jlmtland. 

This resulted in two new localities in two 

days, one at lake Virkalltjarn north of Hammarstrand 

and the other at lake Billtjarn north 

of Bispgirden. As in Finland the species was 

found at the base of old specimens of Salix 

caprea, growing together with other crustose 

lichens, such as Arthonia vinosa, Chaenotheca 

laevigata, Schismatomma pericleuffi, 

Bacidia subincompta, and Biatora carneoalbida. 

Both localities were located in rather 

open spruce forests in areas with high ground 

water level. The locality at Virkalltjarn was 

later protected as nature reserve. 

Specimens examined: Sweden. Jrimtland: 

Hisjri par., Virkallhdjden, SW-slope between 

Virkalltjtirn and the route, alt. 325 m, 

63o04'N, 16o07'E, 1994, Hermansson (UPS); 

Fors por., Billdarn, outside E border of the 

nature reserve , alt. 37 5 m, 63"06'N, 16o36'8, 

1994, Hermansson (herb. Hermansson). 

Bacidia fuscoviridis (Anzi) Lettau 

Bacidia fuscoviridis is an inconspicuous 

species known from central Europe and 

submediterranean areas (Wirth 1995). In 

recent years it has been found to be a widely 

occuring, but local, species in the British Isles 

(Coppins, personal communication). 

The species is similar to Lecania cuprea 

in habitus and habitat preferences. The thallus, 

however, is not scurfy and granular but 

more rimose-areolated, and irregularly formed 

soralia are often present. The apothecia are 

equally variable in the pigmentation (from 

very pale to brownish), but they are distinctly 

larger when well developed (up to I mm 

versus 0.4 mm). The proper exciple is more 

prominent, and the excipular hyphae have 

longer, almost rectangular lumina (up to 12 x 

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 ( t999) 

4 pm; ellipsoid and shorter in L. cuprea). The 

spores are usually 3-septate in both species 

but in Bacidia fuscoviridis they are shorter, 

thicker and more distinctly fusiform (12-19 x 

4-5 pm versus 12-28 x 2-3 pm). Both species 

are included in the keys of Coppins (1992a) 

and Wirth (1995). The thallus colour stated by 

Coppins ("whitish") is probably due to the 

high age of the Irish material studied. In the 

field and in recently collected material it is 

greenish. The conidium measures given by 

Wirth (16-22 x 6 pm) do not agree with our 

own observations with regard to the width (c. 

I pm). 

Since apothecia and pycnidia are rarely 

found the species is easily overlooked. It 

grows on basic eutrophic rocks in rather 

shaded situations, sometimes on rock surfaces 

temporarily moistened by running water, 

sometimes also on antropogenic substrates as 

stone walls (Wirth 1995). 

The first Scandinavian find of Bacidia 

fuscoviridis was made during a field meeting 

with SLF (Svensk Lichenologisk Forening) at 

Mount Omberg, close to Lake Vbttern in 

western Ostergdtland (Figure I ). The species 

was found in the beech forest just N of the 

ruins of the old monastery at Alvastra, where 

it grew in abundance on low, shaded, slightly 

calciferous rocks. Specimens with apothecia 

were seen in several places and pycnidia were 

found in the collected material. The only 

accompanying species noticed was a small 

spot of Opegrapha vermicellifera, growing 

just above the ground close to beech roots 

with more extensive patches of the same 

species. Other interesting species on nearby 

overhanging rocks were Dirina massiliensis f. 

sorediata (see below) and Lecanora demissa. 

There is also an old locality for Lecania 

cuprea at Omberg (Bilimbia chlorotica in 

Fries 1874). The species was collected by 

Theorin at Mullskrlerna just south of Viistra 

viiggar on the west side of the mountain, 

about 6 km north of Alvastra. The material in 

UPS is scanty but in good condition and there 

is no doubt about its identity.

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA l0 (1999) Floristic news from Sweden, Norway and Finland l5 

Specimen examined: Sweden. )stergotland: 

V. Tollstad par., Mt Omberg, beech forest N. 

of Alvastra, alt. I 5 0 m, 5 8o I 7'N, I 4o3 9'8, 

1998, Nordin 5058 (UPS). 

Dirina massiliensis Durieu & Mont. f. 

sorediarta (Mtill. Arg.) Tehler 

Dirina massiliensis is a widespread species 

known from western Europe and the Mediterranean 

region. In Scandinavia it is mainly 

represented by the sorediate form, which is 

more wide-spread and, unlike the main form, 

not restricted to coastal areas. In Sweden no 

localities outside Oland and Gotland have 

been reported before. The species prefers 

calcareous substrates but has also been found 

on silicious coastal rocks (Tehler 1983). 

In contrast to other Scandinavian lichen 

species associated with a Trentepohlia photobiont 

and growing in similar habitats, such as 

Enterographa, Lecanactis, Opegrapha and 

Schismatomma species, Dirina massiliensis 

has a byssoid prothallus (not always developed) 

and contains erythrin. The thallus is 

white or greyish to slightly brownish, lacking 

the pinkish tinge usually found in species like 

Lecanactis dilleniana and Opegrapha 

abscondita and the dark colours of Enterographa 

zonata and Opegrapha gyrocarpa. 

As mentioned above the sPecies was 

found in the same area as Bacidia fuscoviridis 

on the same occasion. It grew on overhanging 

east or south-east facing rocks, shaded by the 

dense beech forest. According to Tehler 

(1983) known continental inland localities are 

restricted to calcareous rocks close to lakes or 

rivers. This is not the case at Mount Omberg. 

The substratum is only slightly calciferous: 

species characteristic of silicious rocks, such 

as Enterographa zonata and Opegrapha 

g/rocarpa were found in close vicinity, 

together with more calciphilous species, such 

as Caloplaca sa'ricola and Lecidea lurida. 

Compared to the thick, chalky and slightly 

rimose specimens of Oland and Gotland, the 

specimens found here were much thinner, 

Figure 1. Known Nordic localities for 

Bacidia fuscoviridis (a), Micarea viridiatra 

(O) and Protoparmelia hypotremella (l), 

and a Swedish locality for Lecanora flavoleprosa 

(D. 

whitish grey to brownish grey and areolated, 

and the byssoid prothallus was much more 

conspicuous. 

Specimen examined: Sweden. Ostergotland: 

V. Tollstad par., Mt Omberg, beech forest N. 

of Alvastra, alt. 150 m, 58o17'N, 14o39'E, 

1998, Nordin 5056 (UPS). 

Lecanora flavoleprosa Tonsberg 

Lecanora flavoleprosa is one of the sorediate 

species described by Tsnsberg in his thesis of 

1992. By then only two localities were 

known, one in Norway and one in Austria. 

The species is similar to Lecanora expallens 

but has somewhat coarser soredia and a 

distinct secondary chemistry. Like I. expallens 

it has usnic acid and zeorin, but instead

16 Anders Nordin and Janolof Herman .son 

of thiophanic acid and the unknowns of I. 

expallens it has an unknown xanthone 

("flavoleprosa unknown"). The characteristic 

patterns of TlC-plates of both species are 

illustrated in Tsnsberg ( 1992). In Norway the 

species was collected on Alnus incana at an 

altitude of 160 m and in Austria on Picea 

abies and Ulmu^r sp. at a much higher altitude 

(1400 m). 

In 1997 Lecanora flavoleprosa was found 

in Sweden. The new Swedish locality is situated 

in the highly interesting lower part of 

River Dal6lven area, from where many rare 

lichens are knowtr, e. g. Lobaria amplissima, 

Dimerella lutea, Thelotrema suecicum, and 

many others. The species was collected on a 

small island, surrounded by rapids, in the 

nature reserve of Gysitrg€, Giistrikland (Figure 

I ). It grew on an old Tilia in a rather shaded 

and humid situation in an English park. No 

other lichen but the trivial Buellia 

(Amandinea) punctata was found together 

with it. 

Specimen examined: Sweden. Gtistrikland: 

Osterf?irnebo p&r., Grancin, Gysinge nature 

reserve, 5.5 km SE of Osterfiirnebo Church, 

alt. 55 m, 60'17'N, 16o53'8, 1997, Hermansson 

668 4, det. A. Nordin (UPS). 

Micarea alabastrites (Nyl.) Coppins 

Micarea alabastrites apparently puzzled Coppins 

for some time (see Coppins 1983), but 

having seen well developed material he had 

no doubt about its status as a well delimited 

species. The distribution is restricted to areas 

with oceanic climate. In Europe it is known 

from the British Isles, Belgium, Macaronesia, 

and Norway. 

The species is both morphologically and 

chemically very similar to Micarea peliocarpa.It 

might also be confused with M. cinerea. 

The three of them have gyrophoric acid 

both in thallus and apothecia. Compared to M. 

peliocarpa, M. alabastrites has somewhat 

larger and more constantly whitish apothecia, 


and the spores are a bit longer (up to 29 

versus up to 24 pm). Compared with M. cinerea 

it has lower hymenium (up to 55 versus 

55-70 pm), the spores are shorter (16-29 

versus 19-38 pm) and have fewer septa 

(usually 3 versus usually 7), and the macroconidia 

are distinctly shorter (21-55 versus 50- 

I l0 pm). M. alabastrites usually grows on 

tree trunks, often over bryophytes. 

In connection with a vascular plant excursion 

in western Norway, organised by the 

Department of Systematic Botany at Uppsala 

University in 1995, the species was collected 

on the small island of Storssy. It was found 

growing on trunks of Pinus sylveslrls in the 

central part of the island. Storsoy is surrounded 

by the larger islands of Stord, Tysnessy, 

Huglo, and Skorpo. It is famous for its rich 

vascular plant flora, favoured by the calcareous 

bedrock and the mild and humid climate, 

resulting from its protected position. 

Specimens examined: Norway. Hordaland: 

Stord, Storsoy, central part of the island, alt. 

25 m, 59o52'N, 05o34'E, 1995, Nordin 4258 

(uPS). 

Micarea viridiatra Coppins 

lv{icarea viridiatra was described in 1985, 

based on material collected at the inner part of 

late snow-beds and on a summit heath in the 

Cairngorm Mts, Scotland (Coppins 1985). 

Later it was also found at a similar locality in 

the Ben Nevis Range (Coppins 1992b). In the 

checklist of The Faeroes (Alstrup et al. 1994) 

it was reported from a lowland locality. 

Micarea viridiatra is similar to M. turfosa 

with respect to habitus as well as habitat. 

Coppins (1985) summarises the differences in 

a table. The thallus differs by being at least in 

part granular-areolate (an uneven crust lacking 

areoles or granules in M. turfosa), the 

apothecia have a green tinge when wet (black 

in M. turfosa), the hymenium is vivid aeruginose 

(sordid green in M. turfosa), the hypothecium 

is dilute aeruginose (mottled reddish

GRAPHTS SCRIPTA l0 (1999) Floristic news from Sweden, Norway and Finland 17 

brown in M. turfosa), the proper exciple is 

inapparent (reflexed but distinct, reddish 

brown in M. turfosa), the pycnidia are half 

immersed to superficial with dark aeruginosegreen 

wall (immersed with sordid green wall 

in M. turfosa), and the microconidia are 

longer (4.8-6.5 versus 3.5-4.7 Frm). 

During the excursion to western Norway 

mentioned above Micarea viridiatra was 

collected at two lowland localities (alt. 40 and 

20 m respectively) in Hordaland and Rogaland 

(Figure 1). The specimens were found in 

wet parts of rich fens overgrowing Sphagnum 

and other mosses and plant debris, partly covered 

also by a film of cyanobacteria, at both 

localities in abundance. At the first locality 

also M. peliocarpa grew in close vicinity, but 

no other lichen species were found. These 

kinds of localities are rarely visited by lichenologists. 

Investigation of similar habitats will 

probably add more localities, at least in 

oceanic parts of Norway. 

Specimens examined: Norway. Rogaland: 

Karmoy, Pevadalen, at Bgrevika, 4 km NNE 

of Skudeneshavn, alt. 20 m,59o1 I'N, 05o18'E, 

1995, Nordin 4269 (UPS). Hordaland: 

Kvinnherad, Tuftemarka fen SW of Skarvatun, 

c. 20 km S of Mundheim, alt. 40 m, 

60o00'N, 05o50'E, 1995, Nordin 4255 

(Moberg, Lich. sel. exs. Ups. 179, BM, 

CANL, CBG, GZU, H, HMAS, LD, M, MIN, 

O, TNS, UPS, US). 

Protoparmelia hypotremella van Herk, 

Spier & Wirth 

Protoparmelia hypotremella is a recently 

described species not yet found with apothecia 

or pycnidia, known from Austria, southwestern 

Germany and the Netherlands 

(Aptroot et al. 1997). It was placed in Protoparmelia 

due to affinities with P. oleagina. 

Like the latter species it is sometimes associated 

with Sphinctrina anglica. In the Netherlands 

it is rapidly spreading on roadside trees 

in areas with a relatively low sulphur dioxide 

level. 

The species is charact erized by the 

granulose to squamulose, greyish to pale 

olivaceous to buff thallus, sometimes covering 

several square decimeters. The granules 

are distinctly paler along the margins and 

sometimes get an isidia-like appearance. No 

thallus is discernible between the granules and 

squamules. It has been confused with Hypocenomyce 

caradocensis, but when the isidialike 

granules are abundant it also resembles 

the thallus of Bacidia rubella. The related 

Protoparmelia oleagina has a more continuous, 

usually distinctly darker thallus with true 

isidia. Although the two species have lobaric 

acid only P. hypotremella is UV+. P. hypotremella 

is mainly a corticolous species found 

on both coniferous and broad-leaved trees, 

once also on lignum. 

Aptroot et al. (1997) raise a question in 

their paper. Is the unidentified crustose host of 

the older records of Sphinctrina anglica identical 

with one or the other of the two Protoparmelia 

species? Perhaps the Sphinctrina 

species is a highly specialized fungus restricted 

to host species of the genus Protoparmelia. 

Triggered by this question we investigated the 

material of Sphinctrina anglica in UPS, 

together with the recent material reported 

below. The result was unambiguous: all identifiable 

host specimens proved to be Protoparmelia 

species. In one case only the host 

was P. hypotremella, namely the host specimen 

of one of the recent localities of Sphinctrina 

anglica in the province of Dalarna. 

Compared to isotype material of P. hypotremella 

in UPS, the thallus of this specimen was 

poorly developed but agreed very well in the 

characteristic granulose-squamulose thallus 

organisation, the pale margins of the squamules 

and the UV-reaction. This is so far the 

only record of the species in Sweden. Contrary 

to the mainly corticolous European finds 

it grew on an old building (Figure 1).


s 

-tq' 

Figure 2. Known Nordic localities for Protoparmelia 

oleagina. 

Specimen excimined: Sweden. Dalarna; 

R6ttvik p&r., Rittvik church, alt. 165 m, 

60"53'N, 15o05'E, 1997 , Hermansson 8162 

(UPS, in collection of Sphinctrina anglica). 

Protoparmelia oleagina (Harmand) 

Coppins 

Protoparmelia oleagina is known from western 

Europe. Compared with the former species 

it has a more continuous thallus, which is 

usually distinctly darker (greyish to olivaceous 

brown to dark brown). It has true isidia 

and apothecia are found now and then, in 

England exclusively in corticolous specimens. 

Moreover it is UV-. It is also similar to P. 

ochrococca, also a lignicolous (and corticolous) 

species, but this species has larger, 


rounded to almost globose thalline granules 

without isidia and lacks secondary metabolites. 

The fact that P. oleagina sometimes 

hosts Sphinctrina anglica has been known for 

some time (Coppins 1992c). 

The investigation referred to above 

showed that Protoparmelia oleagina is the 

host of Sphinctrina anglica in the main part of 

the collections in UPS. In most collections the 

thallus is rather well developed. In three of 

them apothecia were found, in two poorly 

developed, in one (Magnusson 22059b) very 

well developed. The material includes both 

Finnish and Swedish specimens. All collections 

were taken from lignum of old trees, 

rails of fences, or buildings. 

Apart from the specimens associated with 

Sphinctrina anglica, also some other collections 

containing Protoparmelia oleagina were 

found in UPS. Only one was collected for the 

sake of the Protoparmelia species: a Norwegian 

specimen with well developed apothecia, 

collected by Rolf Santesson in Norway in the 

seventies. It grew together with Cyphelium 

pinicola on dead twigs of Pinus sylvestris. 

The others were found in collections of 

Cyphelium pinicola and C. tigtllare. Figure 2. 

Selected specimens examined: Finland. 

Tavastia Australis: Koski ad saepes, 1868, 

Nonlin (UPS, in collection of Sphinctrina 

anglica). Tavastia borealrs: Jyvlskyl6 AiiOla, 

1814, Wainio (UPS, in collection of Sphinctrina 

anglica). Norway. Ssr-Trsndelag: 

Brekken, W of the northernmost part och 

Lake Feragen, c. 3 km S of the estate Feragen, 

alt. 700 m, 1976, Santesson 27045 (UPS). 

Sweden. Smdland: Ryssby p?t., Ryssbylund, 

1868, Theorin 4 (UPS, in collection of 

Sphinctrina anglica); )stergdtland: Griins6, 

1878, Hulting (UPS, in collection of Sphinctrina 

anglica). Nrirke: Gotlunda p&r., Kisiiter, 

1865, Blomberg (UPS, in collection of 

Sphinctrina anglica); Ringkarleby por., 1862, 

Hellbom (UPS, in collection of Sphinctrina 

anglica); St. Melkisa ptr., St. Melkisa, 1863, 

Hellbom (UPS, in collection of Sphinctrina

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 10 (1999) Floristic news from Sweden, Norway and Finland 19 

anglica); Orebro, Ulriksb atg, 1873, Hellbom 

(UPS, in collection of Sphinctrina anglica). 

Sodermanland: Dunker par., Dunker parson- 

&ge, 59o09'N , 1649'8, 1888, Blomberg (UPS, 

in collection of Sphinctrina anglica); 

V?istermo p&r., Veistermo parsonage, 1872, 

Blomberg (UPS, in collection of Sphinctrina 

anglica). Uppland: Vadd6 P&r., 1.5 km N of 

Grisslehamn, 1970, Tibell 4105 (UPS, in collection 

of Cyphelium tigillare); Dalarna: 

Riittvik por., Nedre Glrdsj6, Holgrinden, 7.2 

km ENE of Rlttvik Church, alt. 200 m, 

60o55'N, l5ol2'E, 1998, Hermansson 8492, 

conf. L. Tibell 1998 (UPS, in collection of 

Sphinctrina anglica). Jiimtland: Brunflo Por., 

Odensala, 1950, Magnusson 22059b (UPS, in 

collection of Sphinctrina anglica). Torne 

Lappmark: Jukkasjiirvi Par. , 2 km S of 

Abisko, at lake Vuolep Njakajaure, alt. 410 m, 

68"21'N, 18"48'E, 1986, Tibell 16359a (UPS, 

in collection of Cyphelium tigillare); Jukkasjarvi 

p&r., 2 l


Specimens examined: Sweden . Dalarnai 

Grangiirde por., Gtinsen, 28 km WNW of 

Grangirde Church, alt. 275 m, 60'16'N, 

14o43'F, 1998, Hermansson (herb. Hermansson); 

Riittvik p&r., Rdttvik church, alt. 165 m, 

60o53'N, 15"05'E, 1997 , Hermansson 8162, 

det. L. Tibell 1997 (UPS); Riittvik p&r., Ovre 

G6rdsjo, at the crossroad to Stenbacken, 9.5 

km NE of Riittvik Church, alt. 250 m, 

60o56'N, l5ol 4'E, 1998, Hermansson 8476 

(herb. Hermansson); Rlttvik par., Nedre 

G6rdsjo, Holgrinden, 7.2 km ENE of Riittvik 

Church, alt. 200 m, 60o55'N, 15o12'8, 1998, 

Hermansson 8492, conf. L. Tibell 1998 

(uPS). 


We are indebted to Leif Tibell for the identification 

of Sphinctrina anglica, to Rolf Santesson 

for calling our attention to his Norwegian 

collection of Protoparmelia oleagina, and to 

Brian Coppins, Starri Heidmarsson and Griran 

Thor for comments on the manuscript. 

References 

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& Svane, S. 1994: The lichens of the Faeroes. 

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Aptroot, A., Diedrich, P., Van Herk, C. M., 

Spier, L. & Wirth, V. 1997: Protoparmelia 

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species from Europe, and its lichenicolous 

fungi. Lichenologist 29: 415-424. 

Aronsson, M., Hallingbiick, T. & Mattssotr, J.- 

E. (red.) 1995 : Rddlistade vdxter i Sverige 

1995 [Swedish Red Data Book of Plants 

I 9951. ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. 

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lichen genus Micarea in Europe. Bull. Br. 

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Coppins, B. J. 1985: A new Micarea from the 

Scottish Highlands. Lichenologist I7: 99- 

101 . 

Coppins, B. J. 1992a: Bacidia de Not. (1846). 

In: Pvrvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawks- 


worth, D. L., James, P. W., & Moore, D. 

M. (eds), The lichen flora of Great Britain 

and lreland. Natural History Museum 

Publications, London, pp. 101- l14. 

Coppins, B. J. 1992b: Micarea Fr. ( 1825). In: 

Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawksworth, 

D. L., James, P. W., & Moore, D. 



Publications, London, pp. 37 l-384. 

Coppins, B. J. 1992c: Protoparmelia M. 

Choicy (1929). In: Purvis, O. W., Coppins, 

B. J., Hawksworth, D. L., James, P. 

W., & Moore, D. M. (eds), The lichen 

flora of Great Britain and lreland. Natural 

History Museum Publications, London, 

pp. 501 -505. 

Databanken fdr hotade arter och Naturvirdsverket 

l99l: Hotade vtixter i Sverige 

I 990. Lund. 

Fries, T. M. 1874: Lichenographia Scandinavica 

//. Upsaliae. 

Kuusinen, M. 1994: Epiphytic lichen diversity 

on Salix caprea in old-growth southern 

and middle boreal forests of Finland . Ann. 

Bot. Fenn. 3 I: 77 -92. 

L0fgren, O. & Tibell, L. 1979: Sphinctrina in 

Europe . Lichenologist I I: 109-137 . 

Purvis, O. W. 1992: Sphinctrina Fr. ( I 828). 

In: Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawksworth, 

D. L., James, P. W., & Moore, D. 



Publications, London, pp. 569-570. 

Tehler, A. 1983: The genera Dirina and Roccellina 

(Roccellaceae). Opera Botanica 

70: l-86. 

Thor, G. 1998: Red-listed lichens in Sweden: 

habitats, threats, protection, and indicator 

value in boreal coniferous forests. Biodiversity 

and Conservation 7: 59-72. 

Tsnsberg, T. 1992: The sorediate and isidiate, 

corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. 

Sommerfeltia I 4: l-33 I . 

Wirth, V. 1995: Die Flechten Baden- 

Wilrttembergs, Teil /. Ulmer, Stuttgart.

The NlF-excursion to the Faeroe Islands 1995 

VAGN ALSTRUP and STEEN N. CHRISTENSEN 

Alstrup, V. & Christensen, S. N. 1999: The NlF-excursion to the Faeroe 

Islands 1995. Graphis Scripta I0:21-28. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593. 

During The NlF-excursion to the Faeroe Islands 1995 , 328 species, 

subspecies and varieties of lichens and 18 species of lichenicolous fungi 

were found. Seventy-eight lichens, four lichenicolous fungi, and one fungus 

are reported as new to the Faeroes. 

Vagn Alstrup, Department of Plant Ecologt, University of Copenhagen, O. 

Farimagsgade 2D, DK-l353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. 

Steen N. Christensen, Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen, 

Gothersgade 130, DK-l123 Copenhagen K, Denmark. 

The I I th meeting of the Nordic Lichen 

Society was held in the Faeroe Islands from 

August 5th to lzth 1995. Twenty-five 

participants attended the meeting, which was 

favoured by unusually sunny weather. 

However, due to rain, fog and strong winds, 

the planned excursions in the mountains 

above 500 m had to be cancelled. 

After a flight from Copenhagen, which 

gave some Norwegian participants the opportunity 

to see their home area from about 9 km 

altitude, w€ arrived Yhgar airport through 

some heavy showers. The bus drive to T6rshavn 

gave the first impression of these grassgreen 

islands of dark-brown layers of basaltic 

rocks under steady attack by the blue sea, the 

colourful villages in every small bay, the 

sheep and sea-birds. Roads have now been 

constructed all over the islands, often with 

tunnels through the mountains, and it is 

almost possible to visit every place in one day 

from T6rshavn. Eight islands were visited, 

including some which had never been visited 

by lichenologists before. The excursion to 

Sktivoy on an old sail-ship, now also with an 

engine, was a great experience. Unforgettable 

was also the evening excursion to the birdcliffs 

north of Vestmanna. After a foggy drive 

over the mountains we arrived to Vestmanna 

in sunshine and had an exciting tour between 

almost vertical skerries at least 200 m high 

and through grottos while the sun was low in 

northwest, and we heard good stories about 

the dangerous collecting of eggs and birds in 

former times. 

Earlier records of lichens 

Alstrup et al. (1994) summarrzed the knowledge 

about the lichens and lichenicolous fungi 

of the area. Since then a few reports of new 

species have been given. Andersen (1994) 

reported Amandinea lecideina, Peltigera 

degenii, Rhizocarpon jemtlandicum, Verrucaria 

fusconigrescens and Xanthoria ectanoides 

as new to the country. Galloway (1994) 

reported Pseudocyphellaria lacerata to have 

been collected there in 1897, Moberg & 

Carlin (1996) added Placopsis lambii and 

Diederich (1996) the lichenicolous fungus 

Syzygospora bachmannii. Sofie Isbrand 

(unpublished) collected Carbonea vorticosa 

on Su6uroy, Hvannhagi, on basalt rock in

22 Vagn Alstrup and Steen N. Christensen 

1993 . Trimmatostroma can also be added to 

the flora. It was collected by G. Degelius on 

Suduroy, Skarvatangi, on Candelariella 

vitellina in 1956, but was not included in 

Alstrup et al. (1994). 

The known flora, with the inclusion of the 

taxa marked by an asterisk below, now 

comprises 541 species and 17 subspecies or 

varieties of lichens, and 56 species of lichenicolous 

fungi. 

The localities 

A. T6rshavn, surroundings of Folkah6skfli 

(the whole period). 

6 August 

l. Streymoy, Hvalvikar Kommuna, 

Hvalvikar Bygd, plantation at the church 

and native Salix phylicifolia scrub along 

the river, 62"1l'20"N, 07o02'W, alt. 0-5 

m. 

2. Eysturoy, Eidis Kommuna, the ravine at 

Trogar6 River, 62o15'10"N, 07"03'W, alt. 

30-50 m. 

3. Eysturoy, Gj6ar Kommuna, Gjhar Bygd 

(Gj6gv), cliffs at the harbour ravine and 

flat coastal rocks, 62o19'30"N, 

06"56'15"W, alt. 0-50 m. 

4. Eysturoy, Funningurs Kommuna, Lidin, 

river-beds NW of the road, E of Fossabrugvin, 

62o17'35"N, 06o59'W, alt. 260- 

300 m. 

5. Streymoy, Saksunar Kommuna, Saksunardalur, 

Langoyra to Millum Brunarnar, 

Calluna-heath, 62o12'30"N, 07o05'W, alt. 

60-140 m. 

7 August 

6. Skrivoy, Skrivoyarbygd (61"46'N, 

06o50'W) N to Skarvatangi (61"46'30"N, 

06"50'W) and W to Hovdin (61"47'N, 

06o52'W), alt. 0-250 m. 

8 August 

7. Eysturoy, Leirvikar Kommuna, around the 

harbour at Leirvik, 62"12'45"N, 06o42'W, 

alt. 0-10 m. 


8. Kunoy, Kunoyar Bygd, boulders in hayfield, 

grave-yard and ravine at Myll6 

river, 62"17'30"N, 06o40'W, alt. 30-50 m. 

9. Kunoy, Byrgid, along Hjardardals6, boulders 

and cliffs at the river, heathland, 

62"16'30-40"N, 06o39'00-30"W, alt. 50- 

200 m. 

10. Vi6oy, Vidareidi, Eidsvik, coastal rocks 

and harbour constructions, 6222'N, 

06"32'W, alt.0-30 m. 

9 August 

I l. N6lsoy, N6lsoy Bygd (62o00'N, 06o38'W) 

to central-eastern part of the island 

(61 "58'N, 06o37'W), grave-yard, harbour, 

coastal rocks, hayfields with rocks, boulder-scree 

and vertical cliffs, alt. 0-37 | m. 

Some of the participants visited the 

locality again on August I I th. 

10 August 

12. Streymoy, Kollfiardar Kommuna, 

Oyrareingiahagi, N-facing rocks and 

alpine heath, from 6204'50"N, 06o56'W 

to 62"05'16"N, 06o56'30"W, alt. 365-475 

m. 

13. Streymoy, Kvivikar Kommuna, Ingitihus, 

old road at Leynavatn, NW-facing rocks, 

60"07'15"N, 07"01'w, alt. 40 m. 

14. Streymoy, Kvivikar Kommuna, 

Drangarnir (E-facing) and Drangalid (Sfacing) 

W of Leynavoh, 62"07'30"N, 

07"02'w, alt. 33-200 m. 

I I August 

I 5. Streymoy, T6rshavn, old grave-y ard, 

62000'N, 06046'W. 

16. Streymoy, T6rshavn, Vidarlund, about 

100 year old plantation, 62"01'N, 

06"46'W. 

17. Streymoy, T6rshavn, coastal rocks N of 

the heliport, 62"01'40"N, 06"45'W. 

I2 August 

18. V6gar, Mi6v6gur, Gr6thtistangi, at the 

shore of Sorv6gsvatn, 62"02'30"N, 

07"13'W, alt. 60 m.

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (t999) 

Contributors to the list 

AG: Andreas Gntichtel 

AN: Anders Nordin 

BN: Bjorn Nord6n 

BOL: Bjcirn Owe-Larsson 

DZ: Doris Zimmer 

HK: H6r6ur Kristinsson 

JM: Jolanta Miadlikowska 

PS: Peter Scholz 

SH: Starri Heidmarsson 

S&K: Soili Stenroos & Laura Kivisto 

SNC: Steen N. Christensen 

TR: Torfinn Reve 

VA: Vagn Alstrup 

Collectors are in general only mentioned for 

new or rare species, or when analyses have 

been carried out. The collections are in most 

cases at the collectors private or institutional 

herbaria, but some collectors have also given 

rarer species to the herbarium in Copenhagen 

(c). 

List of species 

Abrothallus parmeliarum: 11 (VA). -On 

Parmelia saxatilis. 

Acarospora fuscata: 6 (HK) 

A. smaragdula: 2,3,4,6,9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 

17, 18 

*Agonimia tristicula: 3 (AN), 14 (AG). -At 

locality 3 on vertical, mossy rock. 

Alectoria nigricansi 12 (DZ) 

Amandinea coniops: 3 (BOL) 

*Amygdalaria consentiens: 4 (AN). -On 

shaded rock. 

A. pelobotryon: 2, 3 , 4, 6,9, 1 I , 12, 14, I 8 

Anaptychia ciliaris var. melanosticta: 6 (AG) 

A. runcinata: 3, 6,9, 10, I l, 17 , 18 

Arthonia fuscopurpureai l l (VA). -On 

Peltigera. 

A. phaeobaea;7 (AN), Ll (DZ) 

A. radiata: 16 

Arthopyrenia punctifurrus: 15 (VA) 

Arthroraphis citrinella: 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 

14, l8 

Aspicilia caesiocinerea: 4,5,6,9, 10, ll,14 

NLF excursion to the Faeroe Islands 23 

A. cinerea: 6,9, l l ,14 

A. leproscescens: 4, 10, l7 

* Bacidia accedens: 4 (SNC) 

*8. chloroticula: 12 (VA). -On tuff. 

B. inundata: 12, 14 

B. scopulicola: 6 (AN, VA), l0 (AN), I I 

(AN, BOL). -At locality 6 on tuff and at 

locality I I on exposed rocks at the 

harbour. 

B.subfuscula: ll (AN) 

Baeomyces placophyllus: 2, 4, 5, 6,9, I l, 12, 

l8 

B. rufus: A, I ,2,4, 5,6,9, I I , 12, 14, 16, l8 

Brigantiaea fuscolutea: 4, 5, 6,9, 10, I l, 12, 

14, l8 

*Bryoriafurcellata: I I (TR, det. VA) 

B. fuscescens: 6, I 5 

Buellia aethalea: 17 (AG) 

'FB. alboatra: 6 (AN, BOL), I I (VA). -At 

locality 6 on stone in a fence-post. 

B. hypodioides: 6 

B. leptocline: 6 

B. ocellata: 6 (AN) 

B. punctata: 12 (BOL). -On rock in river-bed. 

Caloplaca citrina: 2, 3, 6, 10, 1 l, L2 

C. crenularia: 6, I I , 14, 17, l8 

C. flavovirescens: 9 

C. holocarpa; 10, I I 

C. marina: 3,6, 10, I I , 17 

*C. microthallina:3 (HK), l0 (VA), I I (HK), 

l7 (vA) 

*C. satcicola: I I (PS, VA) 

C. scopularis: 10, l7 (AG) 

C. thallincola; 6, I l, l7 

C. verruculifera: 3, 10, L7 

Candelariella aurella: I 0 

C. coralliza:9 (HK) 

C. vitellina: 3,4,5,6,9, 10, ll, 12, 14, 15, 

17,18 

*Carbonea aggregantula: I I (PS). -On 

Lecanora polytropa. 

C. degeltt: 16 (VA) 

Catapyrenium cinereum: 3, ll 

C. daedaleum: 14 

C. lachneumi 6,9, 13 

Catillaria chalybeia: 6, 10, 1 I 

Cercidospora epipolytropa: 18

24 Vagn Alstrup and Steen N. Christensen GRAPHTS SCRTPTA t0 (1999) 

Cetraria aculeata: 4,5,6,9, ll, 12 

C. chlorophylla:, l,l5 

*Cliostomam grffithii: 15 

*Coccotrema citrinescensi 6, ll, 12 (all AN, 

*C. ericetorum:6 stictic acid complex), 2, 9, 12 (all BOL, 

c. islandica: 6, ll, 12, 14, l7 stictic acid complex and trace of norstictic 

C.muricata:4,5,6,9 acid). -Common on vertical sea-shore 

Cladonia arbuscula s. lat.: A, 1,2,3, 4, 5, 6, rocks, rarer inland. 

9, ll, 12, 14, 16, 18. -Subspecies sqzar- *Collema auriforme: 14 (SNC) 

rosa seems to be most frequent, but ssp. C. crispum: 14 (DZ) 

arbusculaisalsopresent. C.flaccidum:6, ll, 14, 18 

C. bellidiflora:5,6,9. C. glebulentum: I I (HK) 

C. borealis:4,5,6,9,11, 12, 14, 16, l8 C. undulatumvu.granulosum:3,11,14 

C. cervicornis ssp. cemicorru's: A (HK), 4 Cystocoleusebenus:9,11,13,14 

(S&K), 6 (BOL, fumarprotocetraric acid), *Dermatocarpon deminuens:6, I I (SH) 

I I (SNC) D. intestiniforme: 18 

*C. cervicornis ssp. verticillata: ll 

*D. Ieptophyllurn: l8 (AG) 

C. chlorophaea: 5 (HK), 14 (S&K) D.luridum:9, 14 (AN), 17 (SH) 

C. ciliata var. ciliata:4, 6, 18 (S&K), 17 *D.meiophyllizum:6,9,11, 18(SH) 

(AC) D. miniatum:3,ll 

C. ciliata yar. tenuisi 6, ll, 14 Dibaeis baeomyces:9, ll, 12, 14 

C. coccifera s. str.: 6 (HK) 

*Dimerella lutea: ll (AN). -On moss under 

C. coniocraea: 15 (DZ) boulder. 

C.cyatomorpha:,4,6, 10,11,14 

*D. pineti: ll (VA), 15 (BN, VA, DZ). -At 

*c- digitata: 16 (Dz) locality ll on sedum roseum,and at local- 

* 

C. Jimbriata: 9 (SNC) ity I 5 on trees. 

C.floerkeana:4,5,11 Endococcuspropinquus:18. -On porpidiasp. 

*C. 

foliacea: 6. -The specimen represents the E. rugulosus:6 (SH). -On Aspicilia sp. 

typical form, which has not been reported E. verrucisporus: 18. -On lonaspis lacustris. 

from the Faeroes before. Ephebe hispidula:g, I l, I 8 

C. furcata: A,4,5,6, 9, 1 0, ll, 12, 14 E. lanata: 6,9,14,19 

C. gracilis ssp. gracilis: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, ll, *Epicladonia sandstedei: 2, 12 (VA). -On 

12, 14, 16, 18 Cladonia squamules. 

C. macrophyllodes: 4, 12 (S&K) 

*Flavocetraria cucullata: 6,9. 

c. tnerochlorophaea var. merochlorophaea: Fuscidea tenebrica: 9 (BoL). -on vertical 

I t (S&K) rock. 

C. pocillum:9,ll Gyalectafoveolans: I I (SNC) 

C. portentosa:4 (DZ),5, I I (HK) Haematomma ochroleucum var. porphyrium: 

C. pyxidata: A,2,4,9,11,12,14 6 

C. ramulosa: 6,9, ll, 12 

*Hypocenomyce scalaris: 16 

C.rangiferina:12(S&K) Hypogtmniaphysodes:1,7,15,16 

C. rangiformis:2, 10, ll H. tubulosa: l, 15, 16 

*C.scabriuscula:12(SNC), 16(VA) Ionaspislacustris:2,3,4,6,9,ll,12, 14, lB 

C. squamosa: 5,ll Koerberiella wimmeriana: 2,6,9, ll, 12, 14, 

C. subcerticornis: A,2,4,5,6,9,10, ll, 14 l8 

C. subulata:2, 16 Lecania aipospila:3, 6, 10, I l, 17 

C. uncialis ssp. biuncialis: A, 1,2,3,4, 5,6, L. baeomma:6, I I (AN, also noted in T6rs- 

9, ll,12,14, lg havn) 

*C. uncialis ssp. uncialis: l1 (SNC) L. cuprea:12 (VA)

GRAPHTS SCRIPTA 10 (1999) 

L. erysibe: 6 (AN) 

'r L. hutchinsiae: 6 (AN). -On vertical seashore 

rock. 

Lecanora actophila: 18 

L. albescens: 6, 10 

* L. argentata: l6 (PS) 

L. campestris: 10, I I (both BOL; atranorin, 

Lcm- 1). -At locality l0 on concrete and at 

locality I I on exposed boulder in wall 

close to the harbour. 

L. carpinea: 15 

L. dispersa: l0 

*L. expallens:15, l6 (VA, DZ). -On trees. 

*L. farinaria: 15 (AN, BOL, VA; atranorin, 

trace of chloroatranorin, roccellic acid). 

On Laburnum, Prunus and Sorbus. 

L. frustulosa: 14 

L. helicopis:3, 10, I I 

L. intricata: 4,9, I l, I 8 

L. intumescens: 15 (DZ) 

L. muralis: 18 

L. poliophaea:3,6, 10, 17 

L. polytropa: 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, I l, 14, 15, I 8 

* L. rupicola: 4, 6, 9, ll , 12, 14, I 8 

*L. saligna: I I (BN). -On fence post near the 

harbour. 

L. sulphurea; 4,6,9, I I , 14, 15,17 

L. symmicta: 5, l5 , 16 

Lecidea lactea: ll (DZ) 

L. lithophila:6 (AN). -On stone wall at track. 

L. phaeops: 6,9 (BOL) 

Lecidella elaeochroma: 15 (AG,DZ) 

L. meiococcai 2, at Skansen in T6rshavn 

(BOL, two xanthones), 6 (AN, at least 

three xanthones) 

L. scabra:2,3,4,6,9,10, I l,12, 14, 15,16, 

17, 18 

L. stigmatea: 18 

*L. wulfenii: I I (VA). -On Sedum roseum. 

*Lempholemma polyanthes: I I (AN). -Edge 

of sandy rock. 

L. radiatum: 10 (AN). -On overhanging rock. 

*Lepraria caesioalba: 9 (BOL; fumarprotocetraric 

acid, trace of protocetraric acid), 

l6 (AN; atranorin, fumarprotocetraric 

acid). -At locality 9 on mosses on exposed 

boulder, and at locality 1 6 on Pinus. 

NLF excursion to the Faeroe Islands 25 

*L. eburnea: 2, 13 (BOL; alectorialic, barbatolic 

and protocetraric acids), 16 (AN; 

alectorialic, barbatolic and protocetraric 

acids). -At locality 16 on Acer pseudoplatanus. 

*L. elobata: 15 (BOL; atranorin, zeorin and 

stictic acid complex). -On Pinus and 

Sorbus. 

* L. lobificans (:Lepraria sp. in Alstrup et al. 

1994): I I (SH, det. AN) 

L. neglecta: A (HK) 

Leproloma vouawrii: 13 (BOL, pannaric acid- 

6-methylester). -On perpendicular rocks 

facing NW. 

*Leptogium britannicum: 3, 6, 9, ll, 14. 

Previous records of Z. cyanescens belong 

here. 

*L. corniculatum: I I (AN). -On mossy, verti- 

cal rock. 

L. gelatinosum:3 

L. lichenoides:3, I 1, 14, l8 

*Lichenopeltella santessonii: 3 (VA). -On 

Peltigera. 

Lichina confinis: 3, 6, 10, I l, l7 

Lobaria pulmonaria: I l. -Only one earlier 

report from N6lsoy. 

Massalongia carnosa: 9 

*Megalaria grossc: 13 (BOL, conf. AN). -On 

mosses on vertical, NW-facing rock. 

Melanelia fuliginosa: I 1 (DZ, HK), 15 (AG, 

DZ) 

*M. hepatizon;9 (AG, VA) 

M. subaurifera: 1, 15 , 16 

Micarea incrassata: l2 (AN) 

M. lignaria: l, 3, 4, 5, 6,9, I l, I 2, 14, 16, l8 

*M. peliocarpa: 4 (AN). -On moss. 

M. cf. ternaria: 5 (SNC) 

*Miriquidica leucophaeai l6 (AN, miriquidic 

acid). -On big boulder. 

Muellerella pygmaea: 14 (VA). -On Rhizocarpon 

lavatum. 

Mycobilimbia sabuletorum: 5, 14 

* Mycoblastus fucatus: I 6 (AG, DZ) 

Nephroma laevigatum: | | 

*N. parile: ll (TR) 

Ochrolecia frigida: 

O. Iactea: 4, 6, 9, I I , I 2, 14 

4, 5, 6, 9, I l, 1 2, 14


O. parella: 2,3, 4, 5, 6,8, 9, 10, I l, 12, 14, 

16, 17 , lg 

O. tartarea: 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, ll, 12, 14, 17, 18 

*O. turneri: l5 (VA). -On Sorbus. 

Omphalina alpina: 1l (PS) 

*O. ericetorum: 12 (BN) 

Opegrapha atra: 16 

O. gtrocarpa: 2 (BOL, gyrophoric acid). 6,9, 

ll 

O. multipuncta: I 1, 15 

*O. saxatilis: l1 (AN, BN, BOL, DZ) 

Ophioparma ventosa var. lapponica: ll 

*Pannaria conoplea: 16 (AN). -On Acer 

pseudoplatanus. 

P. hookeri: 2,6, ll, 12, 13, 14 

P. leucophaea: 2, 6, I l, I 3, 14 

P. pezizoides: 2,3, 6, 10, I l, l8 

*P. praetermissa: 5 (SNC), I I (AN). -At 

locality I I on mossy, vertical rock. 

Parmelia omphalodes: A, 6, 9, I I , 17 

P. sarcatilis: A, I , 4, 6,9, I I , 15, 16 

P. sulcata: | (DZ), l5 (BOL) 

*Parmeliella triptophylla: 9 (VA), l3 (BN), 

l4 (AG) 

* Parmeliopsis ambigua: | 6 

Peltigera canina: 3,6, I 0, I I 

*P. collina: l3 (BN), 14 (AG, HK) 

P. hymenina: 6, 8, I l, I 4, 16, 17 

P. leucophlebia: 4,10, l8 

P. membranacea: 4, 6,8, I l, 14, 15, 1,6, 17, 

t8 

P. polydactyla: 4,8 (DZ), 14 (AG) 

P. praetextata: ll,14 

P. rufescens: 2, 6, I l, I 2, 14, 18 

*Pertusaria albescens: 16 

P. corallina: 2, ll (HK), 14 (DK) 

*P.coronata: ll (SNC) 

P. cf. dealbescens: I I (VA, c. ap.!) 

P.flavicans: ll (VA) 

P. Iactea: 2,4, ll 

*P. leioplaca: l6 (AG, VA) 

P. pseudocorallina:6, I I 

*P. pupillaris: l5 (HK), l6 (AN). -At locality 

l6 on Acer pseudoplatanus. 

Phaeophyscia orbicularis: l0 (DZ), 18, on 

coastal rock NE of Skansen in T6rshavn 

(BOL, conf. R. Moberg). 

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA t0 (1999) 

P. sciastra: 10, on coastal rock NE of Skansen 

in T6rshavn (BOL, conf. R. Moberg), 18 

(DZ). 

Phaeospora sp. nov.?: 14 (VA). On Amygdalaria 

pelobotryon. 

*Phlyctis argena: 15 (DZ) 

Physcia adscendens: 15, 16 

P. caesia: 10, 18 

P. tenella: 15, 16 

P. tenella var. marina: ll,17 

Placopsis gelida: 4 (BOL, conf. R. Moberg, 

AG), 6 (SH), I 1, 12 (AN, gyrophoric 

acid), 14, I 8 

P. lambii: 2 (BOL, conf. R. Moberg.) -On 

exposed boulder. 

*Placop,sr.s sp.: 14 (AN, stictic acid complex) 

Placynthiella icmalea: 4 (BOL, gyrophoric 

acid), 16 

Placynthium pannariellum: 9 

Platismatia glauca: 15, 16, on timber at the 

harbour of T6rshavn 

Polyblastia cruenta: I I (AN), 12 (AN) 

*P. inumbrata: I I (BN), 12 (VA) 

P. theleodes: 12, 14 

Polychidium muscicola: 4,9 (DZ) 

Porina aenea: A (BN) 

P. guentheri: 9, 13 (BOL). -At locality 13 on 

perpendicular rocks. 

*P. interjungens: 12 (BN) 

P. lectissima:9, Il,12, 14 

Porpidiaflavocoerulescensi 4,6,9, I l, 18 

*P. grisea: 9 (VA) 

*P. lowiana:6 (VA) 

P. macrocarpa: 2, 4,6, l8 

*P. melinodes: 4,6, I l, 12. -BOL made TLC 

on four samples and found confluentic 

acid and one UV+ blue substance. 

P. speirea: ll, 14 

P. tuberculosa: 4, 6 (BOL, confluentic acid 

and one UV+ blue substance), 14, 18 

(DZ) 

* Problastenia calva: 14 (VA) 

*P. rupestris:6 (AG) 

P. siebenhaariana: 2 (DZ) 

Protoparmelia badia: 4 (DZ)

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 10 (rgee) NLF excursion to the Faeroe Islands 27 

*Protothelenella santessoniii 5 (Stenroos S.vesuvianurn:2,3,4,5,6,9,10,11,12,14, 

4690, det. VA, herbarium C). -On Clado- 16, 18 

nia subcemicornis. Stictafuliginosa: ll 

Pseudephebeminuscula:4,9,12 Stigmidium epiramalina: 6, ll (VA)' -On 

P. pubescens:6,9 Ramalina- 

*Pseudocyphellaria qocata: l1 (TR) S. peltideae:2,6,ll (Y A). -On Peltigera. 

*Psilolechia lucida: 14, 16 Syzygospora bachmannii: 9 (VA). -On 

Psoroma hypnorum var. hypnorum: 3 (BN). - Cladoniagracilis' 

On sand on coastal cliff. Tephromela aglaea:6 (HK) 

P. hypnorumvu. palaceum: ll T. atra:3,4,6,10,71,12,14,17 

Prtrenocollema halodytes:3 (AG, DZ) Thamnolia vermicularis var. vermicalaris: 12 

*P. sublitorale:3 

(DZ) 

*Ramalina baltica: ll T. vermicularis var. subuliftrmrs: 12 (HK) 

R. cuspidata: 6, 17, at Skansen in T6rshavn Trapelia coarctatai 3,12, 18 

(BOL, usnic and norstictic acids) T. placodioides: 18 

R. pollinaria:6 T- Jlexuosa: 15 (BOL, gyrophoric acid). -On 

R. polymorpha: I I (AG) Sorbus- 

R.siliquosa:6, 11,17 

*7. gelatinosa:5 (VA), 18 (AN' DZ} -At 

R. subfarinacea;4,6,9,11, 15, 17 localify 18 onturf. 

Refractohilum peltigerae: I I , 16 (VA) T. granulosa: 5 (BN) 

Rhizocarpongeographicum:4,6,9,11 T. pseudogranulosa: 15,16, Gundadalur in 

R. lavatutn:9,12,14, 18 T6rshavn @N) 

R. obscuratum: I I @OL), 18 (DZ) Trernolecia atrata: 4,9,ll 

Rinodina gennari; 6,10 Umbilicaria cylindrica: 4, 5, 6,9, ll, 12, 14, 

*Sarearesinae: I (BN), 16 (JM). -A fungus. 16, 18 

Sclerococcum sphaerale:2, ll (VA), on top *U.deusta:g(HK) 

of Nolsoy (PS). -At locality ll on Pertu- *U' polyphylla: 1l (HK)- -Very sparse, not 

saria. 

collected. 

Scoliciosporum chlorococcum: 15, 16, outside Verrucariaaethiobola:9,12,18 

Gymnasiet in T6rshavn 

*V. 

funckii: 14 (VA) 

*5. sarothamnd: 5 (BOL). -On Calluna in Y. halizoa: l7 

*Y. 

open Calluna-heath. 

hochgateri: 12 

S. umbrinum:6 (AN, BOL), 18 (pZ). -At V.margacea:14,18 

locality 6 both on wood on fence post Y. maura;3,6, 8,9, 10, ll, 17 

(AN) and stone on the ground (BOL). V. mucosa:3,17 

Solorina bispora: ll Y. muralis:3 (BOL) 

S. crocea: 12 V. Praetermissa: 3, 14, 18 

*5. spongiosa:2 (S&K) V. stiatula;|1 

Sphaerophorus fragilis:, A,2, 4,6,9, ll Y. cf. viridula: 7 (BN) 

S. globosus: 4, 5, 6,9, ll, 12 Vestergrenopsis elaeina: 2,6,9, ll, 14 

Staurothelefissa:3,6, 11 Xanthoriacandelaria:g (HK), ll QZ) 

*S.frustulenta: 11, 14, 18 X. ectanoides: 17 

Staurothele sp.: 14 (SNC) X. elegans: l0 (VA) 

Stereocaulon alpinum: l2 (S&K, DZ,Y[K) X. parietina:3,6,10, ll,l'I 

S. condensatum: 5, 12 

S. evolutum: A, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, ll, 12, 14 

S. leucophaeopsis: 4,6, 12


References 

Alstrup, V., Christensen, S. N., Hansen, E. S. 

& Svane, S. 1994: The lichens of the 

Faeroes . Fr6dskaparrit 40: 6l-121. 

Andersen, M. R. 1994: Ornitokoprophile 

laver pd )land og Feroerne. Unpublished 

MS-thesis. Botanisk Museum, 

Ksbenhavns Universitet. 6l pp. 

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 10 (1999) 

Diederich, P. 1996: The lichenicolous Heterobasidiomycetes. 

Bibl. Lichenol. 6l: l-198. 

Galloway, D. J. 1994: Pseudocyphellaria 

lacerata, new to the Faeroe Islands. Lichenologist 

26: 391-393, 

Moberg, R. & Carlin, G. 1996: The genus 

Placopsis (Trapeliaceae) in Norden. Symb. 

BoL Ups. 3l: 319-325.

Bark- och vedlevande lavar i Trollskogetrr Biidao Oland 

TOMMY KNUTSSON, THOMAS JOHANSSON OCh HAKAN LUNDKVIST 

Knutsson, T, Johansson, T. & Lundkvist, H. 1999: Bark- och vedlevande 

lavar i Trollskogen, BOda, Oland. [Epiphytic and lignicolous lichens in 

Trollskogen, Boda, Oland, SE. Sweden]. Graphis Suipta I0:29-48. Stockholm. 

ISSN 0901-7593. 

The epiphytic and lignicolous lichen flora of Trollskogen, Oland, SE. 

Sweden was investigated. The aim was a floristic and ecological analysis of 

the flora, and a thorough search for rare and redlisted species. The area is 

closely surrounded by the Baltic Sea giving a more maritime climate situation 

compared to other sites nearby. Trollskogen is a boreonemoral forest 

dominated by Pinus and Picea but with a high frequency of deciduous 

species. The epiphytic and lignicolous lichen flora of Trollskogen contains at 

least I 6l taxa of which 20 are nationally redliste d. Arthonia anombrophila, 

is reported for the first time from Sweden. The most important phorophyte 

was Quercus robur with 89 species. Not only the very old Quercus trees had 

a rich lichen flora, also Quercu.s trees of smaller dimensions in shaded situations 

have rare species such as Opegrapha sorediifera and Pachyphiale 

carneola. The lignicolous substrates also showed a very high diversity and 

85 species (32 exclusively on dead wood) were found. Species that indicate 

high nature value have a wider ecology and could be found on more different 

phorophytes than red-listed species which have more narrow ecological 

niches. 

Tommy Knutsson, Albrunna 1022, SE-380 65 Degerhamn. E-mail: 

t ommy. lvtut s s on@mailb ox. ho gia. net 

Thomas Johansson, Jutnabbevtigen 19, SE-392 36 Kalmar. E-mail: 

thomas j ohans s on@h. lst. s e 

H&kan Lundkvist, Frosslunda 3080, SE-380 62 Morbyl&nga. E-mail: 

h akan. lundl

30 Tommy Knutsson m.fl. GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (1999)

GRAPHTS SCRIPTA l0 (1999) 

lavfloran, 5) aff stlrka argumenten fdr eff 

varaktigt skydd av biologiska vdrden i 

Trollskogen, samt 6) att ge eff underlag till en 

skotselplan. 

Metodik 

Vi begrdnsade vir undersdkning till de barkoch 

vedlevande lavarna. Inventeringen 

utfordes under sex fiiltdagar mellan april 1996 

och januari 1998. Enstaka uppgifter hiindr 

frin ett tillfiilligt besdk i december 1993. 

Trollskogens ca 1 15 ha delades in i fem ungeftir 

likstora sektioner (figur 1). Vir strdvan var 

aff for varje sektion gora en si kompleff 

artlista som m6jligt. 

Vi studerade alla tillgiingliga substrat fcir 

epifyter och efterstriivade kompleffa artlistor 

f0r varje enskild ffad- och buskart. Tanken 

med detta var att beskriva de enskilda arternas 

ekologi samt att fa grepp om enskilda trldarter 

och substrats olika betydelse f6r lavfloran i 

omridet. I varje sektion sokte vi upp substrat 

som dr speciellt rika pi lavar, till exempel 

senvuxna och gamla ffad samt ddd ved. 

Vid fynd av rddlistade arter (Aronsson m. 

fl. 1995) gjorde vi extra noggranna ftiltantecknin 

Edt, diir vi bland annat forsdkte 

bedcima antalet bilar pi traden. Fdr ett antal 

fiad finns dessutom mitt pi omkretsen i 

brosthdjd och fdr att fe en uppfattning om 

trddens 6lder borrades nigra fh trad med fiadborr 

och irsringarna riiknades. 

Ett fdrsiktigt belliggsamlande var 

n6dvZindigt for att fb siikra best6mningar av en 

hel del svira grupper. Detta material ligger f6r 

nlrvarande hos artikelftirfattarna. En del 

material tir fortfarande obehandlat eller 

Figur 1. Oversiktskarta over Trollskogen som 

visar omridets avgr?insning och indelningen i 

inventeringsenheter under lavinventeringen 

1996-1998. 

Map of Trollskogen showing the dffirent 

sections used in the study of the lichen flora in 

r 996- I 998. 

Lavar frdn Trollskogen, )land 31 

osiikert bestflmt och 6r ddrfor ej medtaget i 

redovisningen. Slrskilt giiller detta sterila 

skorplavar och vissa svirbestiimda sl6kten 

som till exemp el Lepraria s. lat. och Lecanore, 

vilka miste betraktas som otillrtckligt 

beaktade vid inventeringen. 

Vi har inte geff igenom landets herbarier 

och sdkt kollekter, och vi har inte funnit nigra 

uppgifter i litteraturen om lavar frin Trollskogen 

med vilka det iir mdjligt att gcira jiimfcirelser. 

Nomenklaturen foljer Santesson ( I 993) 

medan svenska namn i fiirsta hand fdljer 

Moberg m. fl. (1995) och i andra hand 

Hallingbrck (1995). 

Oversiktlig beskrivning ay Trollskogens 

lavmiljtier 

Den gamla och olikildriga barrblandskogen 

bdr bitvis karakt?iren av naturskog. Krontaket 

utgcirs av gran och tall, medan marken hyser 

gott om grova ligor. Skogen bir tydliga spir 

av att vara sprungen ur en lldre tid av extensivt 

skogsbruk och betesdrift d6r de gamla och 

knotiga (ekonomiskt virdelOsa) trtiden ofta 

fick sti kvar. 

Tallen dominerar pi torra och 

sandiga/grusiga jordar, medan granen tar 

Overhanden dlr det finns friskare och mera 

mor6nrik mark. Lovinslaget itr bitvis betydande, 

och de gamla grova skogsekarna utg6r 

ett av halvons mera karakteristiska inslag. 

Dessa gamla ekar, ett 30-tal till antalet, stir 

mestadels i smi luckor i banblandskogen. 

Manga av dem [r dock hin trlngda av andra 

trad, och vissa dtr idag doende. En del har 

definitivt triingts ut av framfdr allt gran som 

bland annat kviivt nigra gammelekar strax 

innanfdr Br6nnabben. 

Av ovriga ldvtriid med betydelse for 

lavfloran finns bj6rk, rdnn och oxel relativt 

allmiint, medan hassel, ffip, apel och ptiron 

utgtir mera siillsynta inslag. Av viktiga 

rikbarkstriid saknas till exempel ask och alm 

helt. I ldvinslaget ingir vidare enstaka s6lgar 

samt murgrdna som pi manga heil kliinger

32 Tommy Knutsson m. Il. GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (1999) 

Tabell 1. Antal triid med riidlistade lavar i Trollskogen 1996-1998 samt deras fdrdelning pi de 

fem delsektionema A-8. Hk: hotkategori enligt Aronsson m. fl. (1995). 

Number of trees with red-listed lichen species in each section of Trollskogen 1996-1998. Hk is 

the category ofthreat according to Swedish Red List (Aronsson et at. 1995). 

Art HK Summa 

Arthonia pruinata 

B actro sp ora cort ico I a* 

Bactrospora dryina 

Bactrospora sp. 

B iatorella monasteriensis 

Calicium abietinum 

Caloplaca lucifuga 

Chaenotheca chlorella 

Chaenotheca hispidula 

Cliostomum corrugatum 

Lecanora sublivescens 

Opegrapha illecebrosa 

Opegrapha ochrocheila 

Opegrapha soredifera 

Op egrap ha vermicell ifera 

Opegrapha viridis 

Pachyphiale carneola 

Ramalina baltica 

Schismatomma decolorans 

S c his mat omma p er icl eum 

Sphinctrina turbinata 

Summa 

2 

2 

I 

4 

2 

4 

4 

2 

4 

2 

I 

I 

2 

2 

4 

2 

4 

4 

2 

4 

l5 

l3 

lt 2 

9 

2 

9 

9 

I 

7 

I 

ll 

l8 

2 

42 55 24 

* Fyndet av Bactrospora corticola utgtirs av ett iildre fynd (fren 1955). Fyndplatsen iir inte 

tillrflckligt veldefinierad ftir att prickas in i nigon av delsektionerna. 

uppfor grova starnmar av sivll barr- som 

ldvtrdd. 

Minga av trlden i Trollskogen [r 

senvuxna, vilket inneblr att de vuxit lingsamt 

och under relativt k?irva f6rhillanden. Man 

kan diirf


Trollskogens lavflora 

Totalt pitrlffades 16l ta:ra vdxande pe bark 

och ved i Trollskogen. I detta antal ingir 

nigra fa 6nnu nigot osiikert best6mda taxa. 

Under inventeringen hittades Arthonia anombrophila 

ny fdr Sverige. Den [r tiimligen 

nybeskriven och var tidigare endast kdnd frin 

Brittiska

34 Tommy Knutsson m. fl. 

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (reeg) 

Tabell 2. Trollskogens olika substrat och diversiteten hos deras lavflora. Dels anges det totala 

antalet taxa ftir varje substrat, dels hur mi'nga av dessa som f,r exklusiva, dvs. endast viixer pi ett 

enda substrat. Dessutom visas summan av signalarter och rddlistade arter fiir va{e substrat. 

Materialet sammanstiillt fran >650 observationer om de enskilda artemas substratval i Trollskogen 

1996-1998. 

Number oflichen species on di/ferent phorophytes and dead wood in Trollskogen. Apart from 

total number, the nutnber of exclusive species together with the nwnber of indicator and/or redlisted 

species is givenfor each substrate. l{ith "exclusive" means species restricted to only one 

substrate. N: >650 obsemations. 

Levande fiAd och buskar Living trees and bushes 

Apel, Malus sylvestris 13 

Atp, Populus tremula 

Bjork, Betula spp. 

Ek, Quercus robur 

l5 

2l 

89 

En, Juniperus communis 

3l 

Gran, Picea abies 

26 

Hassel, Corylus avellana 

Murgr6na, Hedera helix 

Miblr, Ribes alpinum 

l0 

I 

12 

Oxel, Sorbus intermedia 

27 

P6ron, Pynts communis 

t2 

Rosor, Rosa spp. 

24 

Rdnn, Sorbus aucuparia 

46 

Skogsolvon, Viburnum opulus 2 

Slin, Prunus spinosa 

9 

Sorbus sp. 

5 

Siilg, Salix caprea 

9 

Tall, Pinus sylvestris 

26 

Totalt pi bark Epiphytes 

125 

Uteslutande pi bark Obltgately epiphytic 74 

Vedsubstrat Lignicolous 

Ek, Quercus robur 

En, Junipents communis 

Gran, Picea abies 

Murgrona, Hedera helix 

obestlmd ved, indetermined wood 

Rdnn, Sorbus aucuparia 

Tall, Pinus sylvestris 

Totalt pi ved Lignicolous 

Uteslutande pi vedsubstrat Obligately 

lignicolous 

Antal taxa Varav exklusiva R6dlistade/signalarter 

No. of taxa No. of exclusive No. of red-listed and/or 

tasca indicator species 

t7 

37 

9 

I 

8 

3 

58 

85 

32 

I 

2 

I 

25 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

6 

40 

2 

2 

; 

23 

3 

I 

4 

30 

3 

4 

4 

I 

9 

l5 

3 

3 

37 

31 

; 

7 

t2 

6

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 10 (r999) 

Tabell 2. Fortsdttning. Continued. 

Lavlsvamp-parasit er Paras itic species 

Lavpar asit Li cheni c o I ous 

Svampparasit Fungus parasite 

Antal taxa 

No. of tcua 

Lavar i Trollskogen, )land 35 

Varav exklusiva Riidlistade/signalarter 

No. of exclusive No. of red-listed and/or 

taca indicator taxa 

Totalt i Trollskogen Total no. 161 63 43 

Vissa epifytiska lavar lir generalister och 

kan vdxa pi eff stort antal olika substrat, 

medan andra iir betydligt mera specialiserade 

och endast hittas pi ett eller nigra fb trtidslag. 

Vi kallar de sistniimnda i enlighet med 

Johansson ( 1997) for exklusiva arter. Med en 

exklusiv art menas fortslttningsvis att arten i 

Trollskogen endast 6r funnen pi ett trad- eller 

vedslag. Eken iir tiven i detta avseende mest 

U' 

bg 30 

oo 

'a2 

=o 96 20 

art .9 

bE 

bE 

€g 10 

ca 

z+ 

E 

1 Exclusirc species 

I 

Red-listed or indicator 

s pecies 

betydelsfull. Hela 25 av de 89 arterna, som 

hittades pi ek, viixte enbart pi ekbark. Aven 

pi tallved viixte en ganska stor andel exklusiva 

arter inom omridet, och 17 av de 58 

arterna pi tallved pitriiffades enbart pi detta 

substrat. Sammanlagt hittades 125 taxa pi 

bark (varav 74 exklusiva fdr levande bark) 

medan omridets vedflora hyser sammanlagt 

85 taxa (varav 32 exklusiva, tabell 2). 

Total numberof species on substate 

Figur 2. Sambandet mellan total artdiversitet och antalet exklusiva arter samt signalarterlrtidlistade 

arter ftir Trollskogens olika substrat. 

The total lichentlora and the number ofexclusive as well as indicator and/or red-listed species 

for each substrate in Trollskogen. 

X 

a

36 Tommy Knutsson m.tl. GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (1999) 

ek (Quercus robur) 

ronn (Sorbus aucuparia) 

oxel (Sorbus intermedia) 

apel (f"lalus sU lvestris) 

tall (Pinus sUlvestris) 

lavparasit (lichenicolous) 

Figur 3. Substrat ftir samtliga fynd av rddlistade lavar i Trollskogen 1996-1998. Figuren bygger 

pi 139 fynd av 20 riidlistade arter. 

Preference of tree species as phorophyte for red-listed species in Trollskogen 1996-1998. N = 

I 39 obsemations of 20 species. 

I ett skogsomride pe Gotland med 

liknande naturfiirhillanden och storlek som 

Trollskogen fann Johansson ( 1997) att 40 o 

av lavfloran utgjordes av arter som exklusivt 

vlxte pi ett enda substrat. Om vi behandlar 

trollskogsmaterialet pi likande sltt och klumpar 

ihop de olika typerna av ved till ett enda 

substrat finner vi att hela 45 % (72 av 16l 

arter) av arterna i Trollskogen 6r exklusiva for 

ett enda substrat! 

Substrat fOr rOdlistade arter och signalarter 

Fdrutom den artrikedom ett enskilt substrat 

hyser utgtir det antal arter som iir mer eller 

mindre exklusiva eller slllsynta/rodlistade ett 

annat s6ff att se ph de enskilda substratens 

betydelse for lavfloran. En analys av Trollskogsmaterialet 

visar ett tydligt samband 

mellan total artdiversitet och antalet 

I 

u ffi 

w 

n n 

exklusiva, siillsynta eller rcidlistade lavar for 

respektive substrat (figur 2). 

I strklass viktigast for de rddlistade 

arterna i Trollskogen 6r eff 30-tal flerhundrairiga 

ekar sprungna ur en extensivt nyttjad 

betesskog. Av de 20 rodlistade arternahar 17 

pitraffats pi ek. Aven n6r det giiller andelen 

fynd av dessa dominerade eken som substrat, 

och hela 109 (78 %) av de 139 fynden x 

giorda pi ek (figur 3). 

Aldre ekars mycket h6ga v6rde ftir siillsynta 

och rodlistade lavar, insekter och svampar 

tir vilklint (se Hultengren m. fl. 1997) men 

ftir Trollskogen iir det viktigt att pipeka att 

det inte enbart dtr gammeltrbden som hyser 

rddlistade arter. En hel del unga och halvgamla, 

liksom senvuxna tred hyser flera 

rddlistade arter som Pachyphiale carneola 

och Opegrapha sorediifera i stora populationer 

(tabell 3).


Efter ek utgiorde rrinn och oxel de mest 

betydelsefulla tr6dslagen ftir rddlistade arter 

och sanrmanlagt 23 (17 %) av de 139 fynden 

samt 5 av de 20 rddlistade arterna viixte pi 

dessa bida triidslag. Ett udda levnadssubstrat 

ftir rodlistade lavar i Trollskogen utg6rs av 

Pertusaria pertusa (viixande pi grovre ekar 

eller pi ekgrenar pi gammelekar) pi vilken 

Sp hinctrina turbinat a v dxer parasitiskt. 

Trots de rika inslagen av gamla barrtrld, 

bide levande gammeltrad och ligor i varierande 

nedbrytningsstadium, giordes endast ett 

f./nd av en r6dlistad art pi barrtr6d! Detta 

utgiordes av en talltorraka som hyste 

Calicium abietinum. 

Signalarternas substrat visar att dessa 

vixer pi ett betydligt stdrre antal olika sub- 

Lavar i Trollskogen, Oland 37 

I apel, l"lalus 

E ESp, Populus 

ffi bjork, Betuta 

W ek,0uercus 

tr hassel, Corglus 

E mf ucir, Ribes 

E oxel, Sorbus intermedia 

ffi ronn, Sorbus aucuparia 

n Sorbus sp. 

tr en, Juniperus 

E gran, Picea 

H tall, Pinus 

m Lignum : Quercus 

n Lignum : S. aucuparia 

E Lignum: Juniperus 

H Lignum: Pinus 

Figur 4. Fdrdelningen p[ olika substrat ftir signalartema i Trollskogen 1996-1998. Sammanlagt 

karakteriseras 43 av de funna lavarterna i Trollskogen som signalarter i Hallingb?ick (1995). I 

materialet ingir iiven de 20 rddlistade artema. 

Dffirent tree species as phorophyte for ilindicator species" (according to Hallingbdck 1995) in 

Trollskogen I 996- I 99 8. Material : observations of 4 3 species. 

strat lin om man enbart betraktar de rddlistade 

arterna (figur 4). Trots deffa bredare habitatval 

ftirekommer ca 3/4 av signalarterna pi lovtriid 

och endast l/4 ph barrtriid och ved. Siffrorna 

markerar tydligt hur sridra Sveriges signalartsflora 

5r styrd av lcivskogsberoende sydliga 

arter, och att det dven i mycket goda 

barrskogsmiljder med stort inslag av ddd ved 

och naturskogsartade ftirhillanden, Zir svirt att 

hitta lavar knutna till barrtriid som signalerar 

hciga naturvirden! 

Lokalklimatet och betydelsen av skoglig 

kontinuitet 

Enligt Angstrdm (1974) iir nordligaste delarna 

av Oland beldgna i en si kallad lokalmaritim 

klimatzon, vilket inneb6r lokala klimatolo-

38 Tommy Knutsson m.fl. GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (1999) 

Tabell 3. Nigra ildersbestimda trtid i Trollskogen 1997. Triiden borrades i brdsthdjd med triidborr 

och irsringarna riiknades. Inga tilliigg har gjorts fiir de ir som det tagit triidet att viixa upp 

till brtisthiijd. 

Age, circumference and comments on the lichenflora ofsome trees in Trollskogen. 

Sektion 

Section 

Brlnnabben 

Br6nnabben 

Br6nnabben 

Nlishorveskogen 

Ndshorveskogen 

Trolleksomridet 

Tr[d Alder Omkrets Kommentar 

Species Age Circumference 

Brlinnabben Quercus >180 202 Di bonet var for kort iir ildern under 

skattad. Under antagandet aff triidet vuxit i 

samma takt hela tiden skulle det vara ca 

260 ir gammalt. Pa eken fanns rikligt med 

S c h is mat o mm a d eco I or ar?.s och 

Trolleksomridet 

Uddiindan 

Udd6ndan 

Quercus 95 

Quercus 54 

Picea 106 

Picea >7 | 

Pinus >130 

Pinus 150 

Pinus 70 

Pinus I l0 

Pinus 240 

85 

87 

130 

r46 

t47 

t27 

69 

100 

lll 

giska avvikelser av nederbdrd, avdunstning 

och temperatur beroende pi h6g piverkan 

frfln stora vattenmassor. Detta forhillande 6r 

till fdrmin for minga lavar anpassade till 

mera nederbdrdsrika omrf,den, och medfdr att 

Trollskogen, trots Olands normalt sett mycket 

ringa nederbord, kan hysa mer fuktighetskrivande 

arter. Vira erfarenheter frin Olands 

Op egr ap ha illeceb ro s a. 

Pi eken viixte Pachyphiale carneola, 

Op egrap h a s orediifera och Arthonia 

leucopellaea. 

Pi eken vdxte Pachyphiale carneola, 

Opegrap ha s orediifera och 

A n i s o mer id ium b ifo rme. 

Gran i iingsgranskog. 

Di borret var forr kort [r ildern under 

skattad. Under antagandet att tr6det vuxit i 

sarnma takt hela tiden skulle tr6det vara ca 

80 6r. 

Troligen runt 150 ir. Ostiker ildersbestlmning. 

Strax intill fanns en annan tall som miitte 

265 cm i omkrets. Om den har vuxit i 

samrna hastighet som det borrade triidet 

inneblir det att den brir vara 6ver 300 ir 

gammal! 

Strax sdder om Vraket. 

V6xte i ett omridet med mycket murgrdna 

och mibdr. 

Extremt senvuxen tall i stormkappan stra,x 

norr om Ostra kungagravarna. 

lavflora s6ger oss att Trollskogen i tamligen 

hctg grad avviker frin det vi finner pi de flesta 

andra hell pi tin, lven dtir samma substrat och 

liknande miljder finns tillgiingliga. Att 

lokalklimatet tillsammans med den linga 

skogliga kontinuiteten utgor de betydelsefullaste 

faktorerna k6nns fdr oss som den mest


logiska fdrklaringen till de skillnader vi funnit. 

De flesta av Trollskogens rddlistade lavar 

5r arter med speciella krav pi substrat, mikronischer 

och/eller lokalklimat. Nigra av dem 

verkar pi norra Oland befinna sig i eff mycket 

ftirdelaktigt viixtgeografiskt omride. Genom 

eff ovanligt brett register av vtirdtrdd, bide 

vad gtiller art och ilder verkar till exempel 

Opegrapha vermicellifera, O. soredifera samt 

Pachyphiale carneola mi alldeles ypperligt i 

Trollskogen. Ovriga r6dlistade arter iir mera 

sedvanligt sn6va i sitt habitatval. 

Vad giiller Trollskogens epifytiska 

lavflora finns en lang rad arter som anses vara 

beroende av ling, obruten skoglig kontinuitet. 

Lavarnas betydelse i tolkandet av ett 

skogsbestinds ilder il fortfarande omdebatterad 

(Appelqvist & Nord6n 1998) och pir 

grund av regionala olikheter i lavfloran ilr det 

svirt att gcira jiimftirelser mellan olika 

omrf,den med sarnma artstock som instrument 

(Arup m. fl. 1997). Siikrast resultat erhills om 

man hiller sig till en region och floran ph ett 

trridslag, de fdhga samband kan hittas 

mellan fdrekomster av vissa lavar samt 

skoglig kontinuitet (t. ex. Fritz & Larsson 

1996). Om man jamfrir Trollskogens lavflora 

med den lista 6ver arter, som enligt Arup m. 

fl. ( 1997) indikerar ling skoglig kontinuitet i 

sydvdstra Sverige, finner man att hela 20 arter 

med denna egenskap iterfinns i Trollskogens 

lavflora. 

Ar Trotlskogens lavflora plverkad av 

luftfiiroreningar? 

Siikerligen 6r lavfloran i Trollskogen liksom 

pf, minga andra hill i Syd- och Mellansverige 

piverkad av luftspridda ftiroreningar (idmftir 

Arup m. fl. 1997). Tyvirr finns inget iildre 

inventeringsmaterial frin Oland som kan 

anvdndas fdr jiimfcirelse med dagens situation, 

men bland de tydligaste indikationerna pi att 

Trollskogens lavflora 6r negativt piverkad iir 

de relativt begriinsade ftirekomsterna av 

hiinglavar, samt att epifytfloran pi tunna 

Lavar i Trollskogen, dland 39 

grangrenar uppvisar en starkt utarmad flora. 

Bankvistfloran lir mycket fattig och 

inskriinker sig till en del tiliga arter som 

Hypogtmnia physodes, Platismatia glauca m. 

fl., och skorplavar saknas ndstan helt. I stiillet 

tiir de flesta grenar och deras barr 6verdragna 

av ett jiimnt skikt av grdnalger, som forhindrar 

eventuella epifyter frin att etablera sig. 

I omridets lavflora ingir dock ocksi 

minga arter som uppfattas som klnsliga ftir 

luftftiroreningar, vilket alltsi skulle motsSga 

en kraftig piverkan av luftburna fororeningar. 

Dessa arter v6xer dock pi medelrika-rika 

substrat med viss buffrande ftirmiga och iterfinns 

dessutom oftast inne i mera skyddade 

delar av skogen i partier ddr framfdr allt 

granen fungerar som skyddsfilter f6r vindburna 

ftiroreningar. 

Naturvlrd 

Trollskogen hyser mycket stora naturviirden 

med bland annat en rik lavflora knutna till 

ganrmelekar och naturskogsartad banblandskog. 

Fdr aff ftir framtiden sdkra dessa naturv?irden 

anser vi att fdljande hillpunkter ar 

viktiga: 

Det extensiva bete av ndtkreatur som ftirekommer 

i omridet idag dr av stor betydelse 

ftir uppriitthillande av framftir allt strandvegetation 

och bryn vid Grankullavikens 

strand. Betet 6r dock iiven mycket viktig f6r 

skogen dtir det bidrar till att uppreftheila en 

luckig struktur och dynamik i tillging pi 

mikronischer. 

Frir att langsiktigt bevara de garnmeleksberoende 

samhbllena lir det av h6g prioritet att 

snarligen kartliigga ftirekomsten av gammelekar 

och liimpliga "efterftiljare". Dessa iildre 

ekar och de ffAd som har potential aff riverta 

rollen som gammelekar bcir frihuggas luckvis. 

Det tir dock mycket viktigt att dessa luckor fbr 

ftirbli smi och att stor forsiktighet tas si att 

sliitbarkiga ekar med mera skuggfdredragande 

arter inte missgynnas. Man bdr pf, sikt se till 

att omridet hyser minst ett 50-tal gammelekar.

40 Tommy Knutsson m.fl. 

For en framgingsrik naturvird tir det viktigt 

att resultaten ovan som slrskiljer de olika 

ffddslagens betydelse som substrat ftir den 

totala diversiteten respektive de rodlistade 

arterna och signalarterna tas i beaktande. Vlrt 

att pipeka 6r dock insikten att iiven de artfattigare 

substraten har stor betydelse ftir den 

totala mingfalden i Trollskogens lavflora 

eftersom de hyser arter som inte pitriiffats pe 

nigot annat substrat. 

F6rutom gynnande av ek samt rdjningar till 

formin for extensivt bete bdr huvuddelen av 

Trollskogen l6mnas till fri utveckling for att 

pi sikt fb en in strine andel av naturskogsartade 

skogstyper med stort innehill av ddd ved 

och senvuxna trdd. 

Artlista 6ver Trollskogens barkoch vedlevande 

lavar 

Nedan f6ljer en genomging av de 16l barkoch 

vedlevande lavar som pitriiffats under 

inventeringen. Arternas hotkategori, svenska 

narnn, substratval och utbredning i Trollskogen 

summeras. De 43 arter som enligt 

Hallingbtick (l 995) indikerar hdgt naturvdrde 

har markerats med *. I listan ingir 6ven nigra 

enstaka olicheniserade svampar som av tradition 

behandlas av lichenologer. Dessa har i 

artlistan markerats med +. 

Anisomeridium biforme, toffellav. Pe klengrov 

ek, senvuxen rdnn, grov oxel, grov 

sorbus samt hasselbas i sektionerna 

Briinnabben, Trolleksomridet och Uddendan. 

Anisomeridium nyssaegenum, tradbaslav. Pa 

shlg, grov ek, rcinntorraka samt levande 

r6nn i sektionerna Briinnabben, Trolleksomridet 

och Uddindan. 

Arthonia anombrophila. Pa sl6t bark av ung 

ek, ronn och grov oxel i sektionerna 

Brlinnabben, Trollskogsomridet och Uddiindan. 

Arten 6r mycket lik siv6l Arthonia 

zwackhii som A. Pruinata, och en av 

kollekterna bestiimdes i felt forst till A. 

GRAPHTS SCRIPTA l0 (1999) 

pntinata och senare under bestlmningsarbetet 

till A. nvackhiil Denna kollekt, 

som hade vitpudrade apothecier, var 

tlmligen olik de andra kollekterna vilka 

helt saknade pruina. Niir vi jobbade med 

besthmningar av exemplar utan pruina 

hamnade vi piL A. anombrophila i Purvis 

m. fl. (1992). De uppgifter om ekologi 

och utbredning visade att arten endast var 

k6nd fren Brittiska oarna blev vi av 

forklarliga sk6l mycket tveksamma. Material 

siindes till Rikard Sundin, Stockholm 

som bekriiftade misstankarna och siinde 

materialet vidare Brian Coppins i Edinburgh. 

Han kunde konfirmera att allt 

material, med sivll som utan pruina var 

A. anombrophila! Arten 6r ny f6r Sverige 

och fynden utgor de fdrsta kiinda utanf6r 

Brittiska 6arna. Enligt Purvis m. fl. (1992) 

lr den hittills endast pitraffad i Englands 

vlstra delar. Den vdxer dar slllsynt i 

skogar och parker med ling kontinuitet pi 

torr, skuggig och oftast skrovlig bark, 

vanligen vid trldbaser, mer s6llsynt pi sl6t 

bark. De fcirekomster vi har sett i Trollskogen 

fanns pi sliit bark, bide relativt 

lingt ned pi tradbaser och hdgre upp (ca 

1,8 m). Beliggen 6r deponerade pi Naturhistoriska 

riksmuseet, Stockholm' 

Arthonia didyma, liten rostfliick. Pe grov oxel, 

r6nn samt ung-medelgrov ek i sektionerna 

Nlshorveskogen, Trolleksomridet och 

Uddlndan. 

Arthonia dispers7, smalprickslav. Pi klen ek i 

Knysselnacken. 

Arthonia leucopellaea, kattfotslav' Pa 

enbuske, entorraka, klen-grov €k, halvgrov 

r6nn, gran, tall samt grov och senuu*tn 

bjork. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Arthonia mediella. Pil halvgrov ek i Trolleksomridet. 

*Arthonia pruinata, matt pricklav (Sirbar). 

Funnen pi sammanlagt tolv grova ekar i 

sektionerna Niishorveskogen, och Trolleksomridet.


Arthonia radiata. flIcklav. Pe hassel, rdnn, 

oxel, asp samt ung-halvgrov ek. Funnen i 

samtliga delsektioner. 

*Arthonia spadicea, glansfllck. Pe oxel, 

senvuxen-halvgrov rtinn, grov ek, grenar 

pi grov ek, mibiir samt hassel i sektionerna 

Trolleksomridet, Br6nnabben och 

Udddndan. 

*Arthonia vinosa, rostfliick. Pe grov ek i 

Brlnnabben och Trolleksomridet. 

Arthopyrenia lapponina. Pil oxel, ekgren samt 

ronn i sektionerna Trolleksomridet och 

Udd6ndan. 

Bacidia arceutina. Pe ung osp, senvuxen 

ronn, grov apel samt senvuxen bj6rk i 

sektionerna Br6nnabben, Trolleksomridet 

och Uddiindan. 

Bacidia arnoldiana. Ett fynd pi hasselbas i 

Br6nnabben. 

*Bacidia ntbella, l6nnlav. Pe senvuxen rdnn i 

Uddiindan. 

Bacidia subincompta Ett f1md pi senvuxen 

r6nn i Uddlndan. 

Bactrospora corticola, liten scinderfallslav 

(Sirbar). Vi har inte noterat arten under 

inventeringen men iildre fynd finns frin 

1955 och 1983 pi grov ek. Materialet fren 

1955 ?ir kontrollbestimt av Stefan Ekman. 

Bactrospora dryina, stor sdnderfallslav (Akut 

hotad). Tre fynd pi grov ek i Nlshorveskogen 

och Trolleksomridet. Det./conf. 

Ulf Arup och Stefan Ekman. 

Bactrospora sp. Noterad utan bel6gg pi en 

grov ek, Trolleksomridet. Arterna gir inte 

att skilj a Ftt i fiilt och di biigge arterna i 

sllktet dtr rddlistade och siillsynta har 

endast nigot enstaka och mycket sparsamt 

beltigg tagits. 

Biatora efflorescens, smigrynig knopplav. Pi 

halvddd enbuske samt grov tallved i 

Uddiindan och Knysselnacken. Troligen 

mycket fdrbisedd. Nigot f./nd rikligt 

fertilt. Det. G. Thor. 

*Biatorella monasteriensis, klosterlav (Hansynskr?ivande). 

Ett fynd pi grov ekbas i 

Trolleksomridet. 

Lavar i Trollskogen, dland 4l 

Bryoria capillar,rs, gri tagellav. Pe entorraka, 

tallbark, enbuske, levande grangrenar i 

sektionerna Knysselnacken, Nlshorveskogen, 

Trolleksomridet och Uddiindan. 

Bryoria fuscescens, manlav. Pe entorraka, 

tallbark, talliry4 grov ekved och grangrenar 

i Knysselnacken och N?ishorveskogen. 

Bryoria implexa, narrtagel. Pe entorrakor i 

Uddiindan och Knysselnacken. Ny for 

Oland. Det. A. Ldfgren, P. Johansson & 

G. Thor 

Buellia griseovirens, mj6lig skivlav. Pe ung 

ek samt pi talltorraka i sektionerna 

Knysselnacken, Ndshorveskogen, 

Br6nnabben och Udddndan. 

Buellia punctata, liten skivlav. Pe klen-grov 

ek, dcid/ddende enbuske samt ronn i 

Briinnabben, Trolleksomridet och Uddiindan. 

Buellia schaereri. Pi grov tallved och enved i 

Niishorveskogen, Trolleksomridet och 

Udd6ndan. 

*Calicium abietinum, vedspik (Sirbar). Pi en 

grov talltonaka (som snart riskerar att 

falla) i Niishorveskogen: forst funnen 

1993 och kvar 1997. Det. G. Thor. Arten 

iir hittills endast kiind frin tvi lokaler pi 

Oland. 

*Calicium adspersum, gulpudrad spiklav. Pe 

grov ek i Nflshorveskogen. 

Calicium glaucellum, svart spiklav. Pe talltorraka, 

grov tallved, talliga samt grov 

ekved. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Calicium lichenoides, kopparspik. Pe grovklen 

ek, grov bjiirk samt senvuxen bjtirk i 

Niishorveskogen, Briinnabben, Trolleksomridet 


Calicium viride, grdn spiklav. Pe klen-grov 

ek, grenar ph grov ek samt bj6rk. Funnen i 


*Caloplaca lucifuga, skuggorangelav (Hansynskrilvande). 

Fem fynd, alla pi grov ek 

i Niishorveskogen, Brdnnabben och Trolleksomridet. 

Catillaria nigroclavata, svarttoppig kollav. Pi 

ved av skeppsvraket Swiks i Trolleksomridet. 

Ny ftir Oland. Det. T. Foucard.


Cetraria chlorophylla, brtimlav. Pe €D, 

entorraka, tallbark, talltorraka, tall6ga, 

doda grangrenar samt Rosa sp. Funnen i 


Cetraria sepincola, gtirdsgirdslav. Pe Rosa 

sp., slin och tunna bjcirkkvistar i Knysselnacken 

och Uddandan. 

*Chaenotheca brachypoda, gul nillav. Pe 

grov ek i Niishorveskogen och Trolleksomridet. 

Chaenotheca brunneola, vednil. Pe talltorrraka, 

tallilga samt tallved i Knysselnacken, 

N?ishorveskogen och Udd6ndan. 

*Chaenotheca chlorella, kornig nillav (Hansynskr?ivande). 

Ett fynd pi d6d gren pi 

halvgrov levande ek i Trolleksomridet. Pf, 

Oland har kornig nillav endast sex k?inda 

lokaler. 

Chaenotheca chrysocephala, grynig nillav. 

Pe tallbark, talltorraka, tallved, tall6ga, 

grov ek samt gran. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Chaenotheca ferntginea, rostflickig nillav. 

Pe talltorraka, tall6ga, tallbark, enbuske, 

d6d enbuske, grov ek samt senvuxen 

bjdrk. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Chaenotheca frdurocea, lrgnil. Pi halvgrovgrov 

ek i Trolleksomridet och Uddiindan. 

*Chaenotheca hispidula, parknil (Sirbar). 

Tvi fynd pi grova ekar i Niishorveskogen 

och Briinnabben. 

Chaenotheca stemonea, luddnil. Ett fynd pi 

grov ek i Trolleksomridet. I Sverige vitt 

spridd men ovanlig dfi, mtijligen nigot 

vanligare i norra Sverige. Ny fiir Oland. 

Det. L. Tibell. 

Chaenotheca trichialis, gtit nillav. Pa grffi, 

granved, grov tall, tallved, halvgrov-grov 

ek och dod murgrdna i sektionerna 

Niishorveskogen, Br6nnabben, Trolleksomridet 


*Chaenotheca xyloxena, slank vednil. Pe 

talltorrakor i Niishorveskogen och Trolleksomridet. 

En av kollekterna [r kontrollerad 

av L. Tibell. 

+Chaenothecopsis nigra. Pe ddd/dciende 

Hymenochaete subfuliginosa som vlixte i 

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA t0 (1999) 

hilighet pi grov ek i Brdnnabben. Ny ftir 

Oland. Det. L. Tibell. 

+Chaenothecopsis pusilla. Pi talltorraka och 

ek i Nlshorveskogen och Trolleksomridet. 

Det. L. Tibell. 

+Chaenothecopsrs sp. Ph Arthonia vinosa ph 

grov och gammal ek innanfdr Briinnabben. 

En kollekt med ett par knappnilar 

vtixande direkt pe A. vinosa- apothecier. I 

litteraturen finns Chaenothecopsis rufescens 

beskriven med denna ekologi och om 

vilket virat material piminner. Kollekten 

[r dock sparsam och sl6ktet kritiskt. Leif 

Tibell som tittat pi materialet vill iinnu 

inte uttala sig om arttillhdrigheten for vir 

kollekt. 

Chrysothrix candelaris, gulmjril. Pe grovt6ml. 

klen ek, murgrcina, grov Sorbus, 

enbuske, gran, grov bjork, senvuxen bj6rk 

samt garnmal apel. Funnen i samtliga 

delsektioner. 

Chrysothrix flavovirens (C. chrysophthalma 

auct.), blekt gulmjol. Pe talliga, tallved, 

talltonaka, ddd gren pi grov levande tall, 

tallbark, gran, enved samt entorraka. 

Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Cladonia arbuscula, gulvit renlav. Pe 

tallstubbe i Nlshorveskogen. 

Cladonia cenotea, puderlav. Pi tall6ga, tallgren, 

talltorraka, tallstubbe, enved samt 

levande enbuske i sektionerna Knysselnacken, 

Niishorveskogen och Trolleksomridet. 

Arten 6ven funnen med apothecier. 

Cladonia coniocraea, mjdlig trafflav. Pe 

bj6rkbark , Rosa sp., enbuske, miber, 

talltorraka, talliga, tallbark, tallved, grov 

€k, ekved, granliga, gran, granstubbe, 

s6lg, murken stubbe, oxel. Funnen i samtliga 

delsektioner. 

Cladonia cornuta, syl-lav. Pa talliga i 

Knysselnacken. 

Cladonia digitata, fingerlav. Pe tallved, 

tallbark, enbuske, entorraka, grov ekved, 

murken stubbe, gran samt granliga. 

Funnen i samtliga delsektioner.

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 10 (1999) 

Cladonia macilenta ssp. macilenta, knotig 

kochenillav. Pi talliga och grov tallved i 

Knysselnacken och Niishorveskogen. 

Cladonia macilenta ssp. floerkeana, pinnlav. 

Pi enved i Knysselnacken. 

Cladonia polydactyla, grenbiigarlav. Pe 

enbuske, tallbark, tallved, murken stubbe, 

ekved samt gran i sektionerna Knysselnacken, 

Brinnabben, Trolleksomridet och 

Udd?indan. 

Cladonia portentosa, hedrenlav. Pe starkt 

murken tallved i Uddiindan. Viistlig 

tyngdpunkt i utbredningen och virt ftirsta 

f5md pi Oland. 

Cladonia pyxidata, trafflav. Pi tallgren, tallved, 

tallbark, enved samt klen ek i 

Knysselnacken, Ndshorveskogen och 

Udd6ndan. 

Cladonia rangiferina, griL renlav. Pe enved, 

talliga, murken stubbe samt tallstubbe i 

Knysselnacken, Nlshorveskogen och 

Br?innabben. 

Cladonia sulphurina, trasig pdslav. Pi entorrraka 

i Knysselnacken. 

*Cliostomum corrugatum, gul dropplav (Htinsynskr6vande). 

Ett fynd av en steril forekomst 

giordes pi grov ek i Ntishorveskogen 

1993. Ej iterfunnen 1996-1998. 

Cliostomum grffithir, dropplav. Pi entorraka, 

enbuske, tallved, bark av ung ek-grov ek, 

oxel, r6nn, sp, piiron, mibtir samt Rosa 

.qp. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

*Cyphelium inquinans, sotlav. Pi talltorraka, 

grov talliga och tallved i Knysselnacken 

och Udd6ndan. 

Dimerella pineti, liten va,xlav. Pe ung-grov 

€k, enved, hassel, senvuxen bjdrk, rdnn, 

grov apel, mibar, tall samt gran i sektionerna 

Niishorveskogen, Brtinnabben, Trolleksomridet 


Evernia prunastri, slinlav. Pi klen-grov €k, 

grenar pi grov €k, pdron, grangrenar, 

Rosa sp., tallved, mibtir, slim, oxel samt 

enbuske. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Graphis scripta, skriftlav. Pe sl6t bark av 

hassel samt ung-halvgrov rdnn i Briinnabben 



Haematomma ochroleucum, blodpllttslav. Pe 

grov ek 1993 i Brdnnabben. Ej noterad 

1996-1998 men troligen ftirbisedd. 

*Hypocenomyce caradocensis, kn6lig flarnlav. 

Pe talltorraka, talliga och tallved i 

Knysselnacken och Uddlndan. 

*Hypocenomyce friesii, tunn flarnlav. Pe grov 

tall samt grov talliga i Knysselnacken och 

N6shorveskogen. 

Hypocenomyces scalaris, flarnlav. Pe hlltorrraka, 

talliga, tallbark, tallstubbe, tallved, 

entorraka, enved samt ekved. Funnen i 


Hypogmnia farinacea, grynig blislav. Pe 

enbuske i Knysselnacken. 

Hypogtmnia physodes, blislav. Pe talltorraka, 

-bark, -gr€tr, -lilga, d6d gren pi grov 

levande tall, enbuske, entorraka, bj6rkbark, 

senvuxen bjcirk, Rosa sp., klen-grov 

rdnn, mibiir, klen-grov ek, grenar pi grov 

ek, grov ekved, gran, grangren, granliga, 

siilg, piiron, apel och slin. Funnen i samtliga 

delsektioner. Nigot exemplar fertilt. 

Hypogymnia tubulosa, pukstockslav. Pa 

grenar pi grov ek, oxel, enbuske samt dod 

gren pi grov levande tall i sektionerna 

N?ishorveskogen, Brinnabben, Trolleksomridet 


Imshaugia aleurites, klilav. Pa talliga, 

tallbark, talltorraka, tallved samt grov ek. 


Lecanactis abietina, gammelgranslav. Pe 

grffi, tall, senvuxen bjdrk, enved samt 

grov-halvgrov ek i sektionerna Ntishorveskogen, 

Brdnnabben, Trolleksomridet och 

Uddiindan. Ofta fertil. 

Lecania cyrtella. Pe talliga och talltorraka i 

Knysselnacken 

Lecanora argentata, brun kantlav. Pe klengrov 

ek, rdnn samt Rosa sp. i Knysselnacken, 

Brlnnabben, Trolleksomridet och 

Uddlndan. Det. P. Frdd6n. 

Lecanora carpinea-gruppen, al-lav. Ph Rosa 

sp., rdnn samt klen-halvgrov ek i Niishorveskogen, 

Brlnnabben, Trolleksomridet 

och Uddlndan. Det. P. Fr6d6n.


Lecanora chlarotera. Pi grenar av klen-grov 

ek samt asp i Knysselnacken, Br6nnabben, 

Trolleksomridet och Uddbndan. Det. p. 

Frdd6n. 

Lecanora confusa. Pe Rosa sp., osp, pdron, 

slin, tall, grenar pi grov ek, bark pi grov 

ek, dcid/d6ende enbuske, levande enbuske 

samt ung rdnn i sektionerna N6shorveskogen, 


Uddiindan. En del av fynden conf. P. 

Frrid6n. Z. confusa [r slllsynt i Sverige 

och har en vlstlig tyngdpunkt i sin 

utbredning. Pi Oland har vi 6nnu si l6nge 

bara fynd frin nigra f[ strandnlira lokaler 

pi norra Oland samt frin Ottenby ltingst 

sdderut p[ 6n (i6mfor Arup & Ekman 

reez). 

Lecanora conizaeoides, stadskantlav. Pe 

grenar av grov ek, Rosa sp. samt enved i 

Knysselnacken, Nlshorveskogetr, Trolleksomridet 

och Udd6ndan. Det./conf. P. 

Frciddn. 

Lecanora conizaeoides/varia. Ph d6d enbuske 

i Knysselnacken. Det. P. Frdd6n. 

Lecanora expallens, mjdlkantlav. Pi halvgrov 

ek, ddd/d0ende enbuske samt asp i 

Br6nnabben och Uddlndan. Troligen 

forbisedd. 

Lecanora cf. hypoptella. Pe talltorraka i 

Knysselnacken. Det. P. Frdd6n. 

Lecanora cf. leptyrodes. Pa grov oxel i 

Uddendan. Det. P. Froddn. 

Lecanora cf. saligna. Pe ved av skeppsvraket 

"Swiks" i Trolleksomridet. Det. P. 

Frdd6n. 

Lecanora pulicaris. Pi Rosa sp., s6lg, bj6rk 

samt grangren i sektionerna Knysselnacken, 

Brdnnabben, Trolleksomridet. 

Det. P. Frtid6n. 

Lecanora sambuci. Pe Rosa sp. samt 

dod/dciende enbuske i Neshorveskogen 

och Uddlndan. Det. P. Frdddn. 

*Lecanora sublivescens, bla halmlav (Sirbar). 

Ett f'/nd pi grov ek i Br6nnabben. Pe 

Oland [r den hittills endast funnen i 

Ottenby, Halltorp och Trollskogen och 6r 

troligen mycket siillsynt. I Sverige i ovrigt 


iir den kdnd frin Sk, Sm och Gtl, enligt 

Aronsson m. fl. (1995). 

Lecanora symmicta, halmlav. Pe klen €k, 

grenar pi tdmligen klen ek, halvgrov ek, 

skogsolvon, Rosa sp., klen &sp, ptron, 

slin samt rcinn. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Det./conf. P. Frdd6n. 

Lecanora cf. varia, g6rdsgirdskantlav. Pe 

enved samt gammal talliga i Knysselnacken. 

Det. P. Frcid6n. 

Lecidella elaeochroma, asplav. Pe senvuxen 

rcinn, oxel, asp, pdron, Rosa sp. samt pi 

kvistar av timligen ung ek i sektionerna 

N?ishorveskogen, Brdnnabben, Trolleksomridet 


Lepraria incana, bligri mj6llav. Pa talltorrraka, 

talliga, tallbark, enbuske, entorraka, 

bjdrkbark, senvuxen bjdrk, Rosa sp., 

mib?ir, klen-grov €k, gran, hassel, rcinn, 

apel, oxel. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Loxospora elatina. Pa granbark, granstubbe 

samt pi bark av granlhga i Trolleksomridet, 

Ndshorveskogen och Uddiindan. 

Melanelia fuliginose, gllnsande skcildlav. Pe 

klen-grov €k, oxel, osp, pdron, slin, 

enbuske, enved, miblr samt Rosa sp. 


Melanelia subargentifera, ljuskantad skdldlav. 

Pi grenar av grov ek i Trolleksomridet. 

Micarea denigrata, svart dynlav. Pi tallved, 

tallilga, talltorraka samt apelved i 

Knysselnacken, Brlnnabben och Uddlndan. 

Det. G. Thor. 

Micarea elachista. Vtxte tillsammans med 

Chaenotheca chlorella pi ekved i Trolleksomridet. 

Ny fdr Oland. Bestiimningen 

konfirmerad av G. Thor. Micarea 

elachista betecknas i Polen som en 

urskogsrelikt (CieSlifski m. fl. 1996). I 

Sverige forekommer den framf6r allt i de 

mellersta delarna av landet och anges av 

Hallingbiick (1995) som mindre allmln. 

Micarea misella. Pe tallved i Brbnnabben. 

Det. G. Thor. 

Micarea prasina, dynlav. Pe granliga, tallved, 

tallbark, senvuxen bj6rk, €k, siilg, ung

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (t999) 

ronn i Knysselnacken, Brlnnabben, Trolleksomridet 

och Uddiindan. Nigon kollekt 

kontrollerad av G. Thor. 

*+Microcalicium dessiminatum, Srgspik. Pe 

grov ek, gran, tallved och tallbark i 

sektionerna Ntishorveskogen, Brtinnabben, 


Mycoblastus fucatus. Pe grov tallved i 

N6shorveskogen. Troligen mycket forbi- 

sedd. 

+Mycocalicium subtile. Pe grov talltorraka 

och grov tallved i Brlinnabben och 

Uddiindan. En av kollekterna kontrollbestiimd 

av L. Tibell. 

*Nephroma parile, bttrdlav. Ett fynd pi basen 

av senvuxen ronn i Uddiindan. Pi Oland 

anmiirkningsv?irt siillsynt och endast kiind 

frin tre lokaler. 

Ochrolechia androgtna, grynig ornlav. Pe 

enbuske, entorraka, talltorraka, ved pi 

tallstubbe, tallved, oxel, senvuxen bjork, 

grov ekved samt levande gran. Funnen i 

samtliga delsektioner. Rikligt fertil pi ved 

av ekl6ga. 

Ochrolechia microstictoides. Pe enbuske, 

grov ekved, talltorraka samt ddd gren pi 

grov levande tall i sektionerna Knysselnacken, 

Ntishorveskogen och Trolleksomridet. 

Ochrolechia subviridis. Ett fynd pi grov ek i 

Brdnnabben. 

Ochrolechia szataladnsis. Ett fynd pi ek i 

Trolleksomridet. Ny for Oland. KontrollbestZimd 

av T. Foucard. 

Opegrapha atra, svart klotterlav. Pi ung &sp, 

rdnn samt ung ek i Brtinnabben, Trolleksomridet 


*Opegrapha illecebrosa, gammelekslav (Akut 

hotad). Funnen pi tretton grova ekar i 

sektionerna Niishorveskogen, Brdnnabben 

och Trolleksomridet. 

Opegrapha ochrocheila, orangepudrad 

klotterlav (Akut hotad). Funnen pi grov 

Sorbus sp., senvuxen r6nn samt rdnnved i 

sektionerna Trolleksomridet och Uddiindan. 


Opegrapha rufescens, rcidbrun klotterlav. Pe 

senvuxen rdnn och oxel i Uddlndan. 

*Opegrapha sorediifera, mjdlig klotterlav 

(Sirbar). Pitriiffad pi 2l olika trtid, 

ftiretr[desvis sliit bark av klen-grov ek 

men tiven senvuxen rrinn, oxel samt grov 

apel i sektionerna Ndshorveskogen, 

Brlnnabben, Trolleksomridet och Uddln- 

dan. 

*Opegrapha varia, klotterlav. Pe grov ek 

samt rdnn i Br[nnabben och Uddlndan. 

Opegrapha vermicelltfera, stiftklotterlav 

(S&rbar). Funnen pi 18 olika trtid; halvgrov-grov 

ek, grov Sorbus sp., senvuxen 

ronn, oxel samt apel i Brdnnabben, 

Trolleksomridet och Uddiindan. Ofta 

fertil. 

*Opegrapha viridis, olivklotterlav (H[nsynskrlvande). 

Ett fynd pi en halvgrov ek i 


Opegrapha vulgata coll. Pi hassel, oxel, grov 

ddd rrinn, rdnnbas, r6nnbark, grov apel, 

senvuxen bjdrk, ttimligen klen ek, mib6r 

samt gran i Ntishorveskogen, Br6nnabben, 

Trolleksomridet och Uddiindan. Tiimligen 

fb beltigg har tagits av O. vulgata varftir 

inget kan siigas om de olika varieteternas 

ekologi och frekvens, men sannolikt 

tillhdr majoriteten var. vulgata. 

Opegrapha vulgata var. vulgata, rnellanklotterlav. 

Pi tdmligen klen ek och ung r6nn i 

Brhnnabben och Trolleksomridet. 

Opegrapha vulgata var. subsiderella, prickig 

mellanklofferlav. Pe asp i Uddindan. 

*Pachyphiale carneola, iidelkronlav (Sirbar). 

Pe20 fftid; sltit bark pi klen-grov ek, oxel, 

klen-halvgrov, senvuxen rdnn samt apel i 

sektionerna Briinnabben, Trolleksomridet 

och Udd5ndan. Den vlxer pifallande ofta 

i slllskap med Opegrapha sorediifera pit 

unga trAd eller grenar med slat bark just 

dtir barken brustit till en spricka. 

Parmelia sulcata, skrynkellav. Pe enbuske, 

entorraka, tallbark, tallved, Rosa sp., r6nn, 

grov ekved, grenar pi grov €k, gran, 

plron samt sl6n. Funnen i samtliga 

delsektioner.


Parmeliopsis ambigua, stocklav. Pa talltorrraka, 

tallgren, talliga, tallbark, dOd gren 

pi grov levande tall, tallved, enved, 

entorraka, Rosa sp., klen ek, rcinn samt 

murken stubbe. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Parmeliopsis hyperopta, vedlav. Pe talltorrraka, 

talliga, tallbark, klen ek samt 

murken stubbe. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

*Peltigera horizontalis, skcildfiltlav. Pa 

r6nnbas i Uddlndan. 

Peltigera praetextata, fiallig filtlav. Pi mossa 

pi gammal husgrund i Uddiindan. Borde 

kanske inte vara med i en Oversikt 6ver 

epifytiska lavar men tas med de det iir 

omridets enda $/nd. Arten borde sitta pi 

flera sttillen inom omridet. Verkar dock 

pifallande slllsynt i de mera boreala 

B6daskogarna jamfttrt med till exempel 

Mittlandsomridets iidelldvsdominerade 

skogstyper. 

Pertusaria amara, bitterlav. Pe enved, 

enbuske, entorraka, senvuxen bjtirk, rtinn, 

klen-grov ek samt gammal apel. Funnen i 


Pertusaria coccodes, hagelporlav. Pe 

senvuxen bjork i Trolleksomridet. 

*Pertusaria flavida, gul porlav. Pi grov ek i 


*Pertusaria hemisphaerica, sncibollslav. Pe 

enbuske, halvgrov-grov €k, grov ekved, 

oxel, gran samt senvuxen bjork. Funnen i 


Pertusaria leioplaca, tunn porlav. Pi ung ek 

samt ronn i Trolleksomridet och UddAndan. 

*Pertusaria leucostoma. Pi ronn i Uddiindan. 

*Pertusaria pertusa, porlav. Pe ung osP, klengrov 

€k, grov d6d r6nn, oxel samt 

senvuxen bjdrk i Nlshorveskogen, 

Briinnabben, Trolleksomridet och Uddlndan. 

Phlyctis argena, blemlav. Pi silg, klen-grov 

€k, klen-grov Sorbus sp., oxel, rtinn, 

skogsolvon, grov apel, mibiir samt 


enbuske i Ndshorveskogen, Brtnnabben, 


Physcia adscendens, hjdlmrosettlav. Pa asp 

och pdron i Uddhndan. 

Physcia stellaris, stj?irnlav. Pe p6rontriid i 

Uddiindan. 

Physcia tenella, finlav. Pi grenar av grov ek, 

enved samt dtid/dciende enbuske i Trolleksomridet 

och Udd?indan. 

Placynthiella icmalea, koralltorvlav. Pe tallved 

i Knysselnacken och Brtinnabben. 

Platismatia glauca, nlverlav. Pe tallgren, 

talliga, enbuske, entorraka, Rosa sp., s6lg, 

d6da och levande grangrenar, grenar pi 

grov €k, grov ekved, mibtir samt slin. 


*Porina aena barkporina / P. chlorotica 

skuggvirtlav. Pi hassel, grov ek och rdnn 

i Brlnnabben, Trolleksomridet och 

Uddiindan. Arterna 6r svira att skilja pi 

och flera kollekter har forblivit 

obestiimda. 

Porina chlorotica, skuggvirtlav. Pe apel i 

Udd6ndan. 

Pseudevernia frrfrrocea, gflllav. Pe l'allbga, 

talltorraka, tallved, dOd gren pi grov 

levande tall, Rosa sp., rtinn, siilgkvist, 

grenar pi grov ek samt grangrenar. 


Psilolechia lucida, citrongul skivlav. Ett f1md 

pi talliga i Trolleksomridet. 

*Pyrrhospora quernea, ekflamlav. Pe timl. 

klen-grov €k, grov oxel, halvgrov r6nn, 

enbuske samt levande gran. Funnen i 


*Ramalina baltica, hjalrnbrosklav (H6nsynskrdvande). 

Funnen pi tvi grova ekar i 

Ntishorveskogen respektive Trolleksomridet. 

Tyv6n finns inget herbariematerial 

varfor det inte helt kan uteslutas att 

fynden utgdrs av R. obtusata. 

Ramalina farinacea, mjiilig brosklav. Pa s6lg, 

tiiml. klen €k, grenar pi grov €k, 

d6d/ddende enbuske samt oxel i sektionerna 

Brbnnabben, Trolleksomridet och 

Uddiindan.


Ramalina fastigiata, rosettbrosklav. Pe asp 

och oxel i Uddindan. 

Rinodina exigua. Pa sjdlva "Trolleken" i 

Trolleksomridet. VZixer ofta pi grova ekar 

och iir sannolikt en god signalart. 

Rinodina pyrina. PL p6ron, klen ek samt Rosa 

sp. i Nlshorveskogen och Uddiindan. 

*schismatomma decolorans, gre sklrelav 

(Hiinsynskriivande). Pitriiffad pi 27 ffed 

framfor allt pi grov ek men 6ven pi ekved 

och oxel. Funnen i sektionerna Nishorveskogen, 


Udd6ndan. 

*Schismatomma pericleuffi, rosa sklirelav 

(Sirbar). Funnen pi tvi grova ekar i 

Briinnabben. 

Scoliciosporum chlorococcum, trtidgr6nelav. 

Pe ung V-exponerad rtinn i Uddlndan. 

Sannolikt nigot fdrbisedd. 

*+Sphinctrina turbinata, kort parasitspik 

(H6nsynskr6vande). Funnen vid tvi tillftillen 

ph Pertusaria pertusa dels pi grov 

ek och dels pi ekgrenar i Brlnnabben. 

Kort parasitspik iir mycket stllsynt pi 

Oland och forutom frin Trollskogen 

kiinner vi endast till en forekomst ytterligare, 

iiven den i Bdda socken. 

*Thelotrema lepadinuffi, havstulpanlav. 

Endast tvi fynd; dels pi senvuxen bjdrk 

och dels pi hassel i Briinnabben. 

Trapeliopsis /lexuosa, vedknotterlav. Pe 

enved, talliga, tallved samt talltorraka i 

Knysselnacken och Udd2indan. Fdrmodligen 

delvis ftirbisedd. 

Usnea filipendula, skdgglav. Pe tallved i 

Udd6ndan. Pifallande stillsynt i Trollskogen 

med endast ett fynd. Arten verkar 

vara mycket s6llsynt 6ven i civriga delar 

av Bodaskogarna. 

Usnea hirta, luddig skligglav. Pa enbuske, 

d0da/d6ende och levande grangretrff, 

grenar pi grov ek samt d0da grenar pi 

tall. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Us ne a subfl ori d an a, kort skZigglav. Pe l'allilga, 

talltorraka, entorraka, tallbark, d6da 

grenar pi tall, Rosa sp., rdnn, klen €k, 

grenar pi grov ek, grov ekved, gran, 

Lavar i Trollskogen, dland 47 

levande-ddda/ddende grangrenar samt 

mib6r. Funnen i samtliga delsektioner. 

Vulpicida pinastri, granlav. Pe talltonaka, dcid 

gren pi levande tall, klen ek, grov ekved 

samt Rosa sp. i Knysselnacken, Niishorveskogen 

och Uddlndan. 

Xanthoria parietina, viigglav. Pa asp i 

Uddlndan. 

Xanthoria polycarpa, mingfruktig v6gglav. 

Pi gren ar av grov ek, enbuske, plron, slin 

samt Rosa sp. i Niishorveskogen, Trolleksomridet 

och Uddindan. 

*Xylographa parallela, mdrkfruktig xylogra- 

Tack 

fa. Pi tallved i Br?innabben. 

Nigra bestimningar har vi fett hjAlp med fren 

andra he[. Si har en del av vira Caliciacder 

kontrollerats eller bestlimts av Leif Tibell, 

Uppsala, Bryoria implexa av Per Johansson, 

Anders Ldfgren och Gtiran Thor, Stockholm, 

Arthonia anombrophila av Rikard Sundin, 

Stockholm samt Brian Coppins, Edinburgh, 

Micarea spp. av Goran Thor, Stockholm, 

Catillaria nigroclavata, Ochrolechia szataladnsis 

m. fl. av Tony Foucard, Viinge, 

Lecanora spp. av Patrik Froddn, Lund, 

Bactrospora av Ulf Arup, Graz, Ostenike och 

Stefan Ekman, Bergen, Norge. Alla tackas 

varmt! 

Titlflgg. Denna artikel har i en nigot annorlunda 

version publicerats i Olands Botaniska 

F drenin g s tidskr ift Krut b r iin n ar en (I(nut s son, 

Johansson m. fl. 1997). Efter publiceringen 

giordes yfferligare ett f?iltbes6k de vissa 

komplefferande inventeringar utfordes, varfdr 

det hiir presenterade resultatet 6r nigot 

annorlunda. Dessutom har ltinsstyrelsen under 

mellanperioden fattat beslut om aff bilda 

nafurreservatet "Trollskogens dom6nreservat" 

(beslut 29 juni 1998). I skdtselplanen har stor 

vikt lagts pi lichenologiska v6rden, och sk6tselplanen 

6r i allt vSsentligt utformad for att 

dessa skall fb ett varaktigt skydd.


Referenser 

Appelqvist, T. & Nord6n, B. 1998: Kontinuitet 

- ett mingtydigt begrepp. Svensk Bot. 

Tidslcr. 92: 23-35. 

Aronsson, M., Hallingbick, T. & Mattssotr, J.- 

E. (red.) 1995 : Rc;dlistade viixter i Sverige 

I 99 5 . ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. 

Arup, U. & Ekman, S. 1992: Nyheter i scidra 

Sveriges lavflora. Graphis Scripta 4: 8l- 

86. 

Arup, U., Ekman, S., Kdrnefelt, I. & Mattson, 

J. E. (red.) 1997: Slryddsvtirda lavar i 

sydvcistra Sver,tge. SBF-Fdrlaget, Lund. 

CieSliriski, S., CzyZewsk4 K, Faliriski, J. B., 

Klama" H., Mulenko, W., Zarnowiec, J. 

(red.) 1996: Cryptogamous plants in the 

forest communities of Bialowiefla national 

park. Functional groups analysis and 

general synthesis. Phytocoenosis Vol. 8, 

Warszawa-Bialowieza. 

Fritz, O. & Larsson, K. 1996: Betydelsen av 

skoglig kontinuitet fdr rodlistade lavar. En 

studie av halltndsk bokskog. Svensk Bot. 

Tidskr. 90:241-262. 

Hallingb?ick, T. 1995: Ekologisk katalog over 

lavar. ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. 

Hultengren, S., Pleijel, H. & Holmer, M. 

1997: Ekjiittar - historia, naturvtirden och 

vdrd. Naturcentrum AB. 

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA l0 (19e9) 

Johansson, P. 1997: Lavfloran pi bark och 

ved i naturreservatet Uppstaig en 

gammal banskog pe Gotland. Svensk Bot. 

Tidskr. 9 I : 65-7 5. 

Knutssotr, T., Johansson, T. & Lundkvist, H. 

1997: Bark- och vedlevande lavar i Trollskogen. 

Krutbrrinnaren 6: 98-114. 

Kungliga domiinstyrelsen. 1949: Utmarksdelningen 

av Bdda utmark, publikation nr 

12. I8l3-1815. Utdrag av protokoll. 

Enligt kopior som finns pi Lantmiiteriet i 

Kalmar. 

Moberg, R., Thor, G. & Hermansson, J. 1995: 

Lavar med svenska natnn - andra upplagan. 

Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 89: 129-149. 

Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawksworth, 

D. L., James, P. W. & Moore, D. M. (red.) 

1992: The Lichen Flora of Great Britain 


Publications. 

Rydberg, H. 1997: Knappnilslavar pi gamla 

ekar i Sddermanland - status och naturvirdsitgbrder. 

Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 9l: 39- 

57. 

Santesson, R. 1993: The lichens and lichenicolous 

fungi of Sweden and Norway. 

SBT-f6rlaget. Lund. 

Angstrom, A. 1974: Sveriges klimat. Kartografi 

ska institutet, Stockholm.

Placynthiella dasaea new to Poland 

MARTIN KUKWA ANd ANNAZALEWSKA 

Kukwa, M. & Zalewska, A. 1999: Placynthiella dasaea new to Poland. 

Graphis Scripta 10:49-50. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593. 

Placynthiella dasaea (Stirton) Tonsberg is reported as a new species for 

Poland from two localities in northern part of the country. 

Martin Kulcwa, Department of Plant Ecologt and Nature Protection, Gdansk 

University, Al. Legiontw 9, 80-441 Gdafish Poland. 

Anna Zalewska, Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Olsztyn 

University of Agriculture and Technology, Plac tr 6dzki I , 10-727 Olsztyn, 

Poland. 

During field work in Borecka Forest and 

Ilawskie Lakes District in northern Poland we 

found Placynthiella dasaea as new for 

Poland. It grew on old wood (two specimens) 

and on bark of Alnus glutinosa (one specimen) 

in shaded places in a pine forest and in a 

humid deciduous forest. Associated species 

include d Micarea botryoides and mosses (on 

wood in pine forest). One lignicolous collection 

was fertile. 

Placynthiella dasaea may be confused 

with P. icmdlea. Both species are C* red due 

to the presence of gyrophoric acid. They can 

be distinguished by the structure of their thalli 

as well as by their chemistry. Placynthiella 

dasaea has globose soredia forming consoredia 

whereas P. icmalea is isidiate, and P. 

icmalea produces S-O-methylhiasic acid, a 

substance not found in P. dasaea (Tonsberg 

re92). 

In Europe Placynthiella dasaea has been 

reported from Great Britain (Purvis 1992, 

Tonsberg 1992), Norway (Tonsberg 1992), 

Sweden (Santesson 1993) and Ukraine 

(Kondratyuk et al. 1998). Outside Europe it is 

known from western North America (Tonsberg 

1998). 

Specimens examined: Poland. Ilawa Lakes 

District: Elbl4g district, 1.5 km E of Ryjewo 

village, forest section 22L, ATPOL grid: Bd 

42, 1996, M. Kukwa (UGDA-L, duplicate in 

herbarium Kukwa); Borecka Forest, Suwalki 

district, 3 km N of Lesny Zakqtek village, 

ATPOL grid: Bf 03, 1996, A. Zalewska 

(OLS-L). 


We would like to express our thanks to dr 

Brian Coppins, Edinburgh, for the identification 

of Placynthiella dasaea and to professor 

Wieslaw Faltynowicz, Gdansk, for his kind 

help in elaboration of the article. We are also 

grateful to mgr Malgorzata G6ra for checking 

the English. 

References 

Kondratyuk, S. Y., Khodosovtsev, A. Y., 

Zelenko, S. D. 1998: The Second Checklist 

of Lichen Forming, Lichenicolous and 

Allied Fungi of Ulvaine. Phytosociocentre, 

Kiev. 

Purvis, O. W. 1992: Placynthiella Elenkin 

(1909). .In: Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., 

Hawksworth, D. L., James, P. W., & 

Moore, D. M. (eds), The Lichen Flora of

64 Ulrik Sochting 


Vagn Alstrup drew my attention to the 

species; Brian Coppins, Tor Tonsberg and 

Itefm Ekmm kindly corntnsntcd ott ths rnffgrial. 

Astrid Gjonnes Msller prepared the 

drawings. Peter Wagner revised the Latin 

diagnosis. Their contributions are much 

acknowledged. 

Literature 

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46-48. 

Arvidsson, L. & Martinsson, J.-E. 1993: 

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Christiansen, M. S. 1955: A study on the 

morphology of a new species of Verrucaria. 

Bot. Tidsslcr. 52: 133-142. 


Coppins, B. & James, P. W. 1979: New or 

interesting British lichens IV. Lichenologist 

I I: 139-179. 

Galloe, 0. 1929: Natural history tf the 

Danish lichens 2. H. Aschehoug & Co., 

Copenhagen. 

Gallse, O. 1930: Natural history of the 

Danish lichens 3. H. Aschehoug & Co., 

Copenhagen. 

Sochting, U. 1994: Caloplaca ahtii Sochting 

spec. nova and other Caloplaca species 

with greenish-bluish soredia from the 

northern hemisphere. Acta Bot. Fennica 

I 50: 173-178. 

Sochting, U. 1997: Two major chemosyndromes 

in Teloschistaceae. Bibl. Lichenol. 

68: 135-144. 

Tsnsberg, T. 1992: The sorediate and isidiate, 

corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway. 

Sommerfeltta I4: I -33 1.

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For the layout of references, follow these 

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Hansen, E. S., Poelt, J. & Sschting, U. 1987: 

Die Flechtengattung Caloplaca in Gronland. 

Meddel. GronlAnd, Biosci. 25: l'52. 

Kirk, P. M. & Ansell, A. E. 1992: Authors of 

fungal names: A list of authors of scientrfic 

names of fungi, with recommended 

standard forms of their nemes, including 

abbreviations. C.A.B. International, 

Wallingford. 

Krog, H. l99l: Lichenological observations 

in low montane rainforests of eastern 

Tanzanra. In: Galloway, D. J. (ed.), 

Tropical Lichens: Their systematics, conservation 

and ecology. The Systematics 

Association Special Volume 43: 85-94. 

Santesson, R. 1993: The lichens and licheni' 

colous funsi of Sweden and NorwaY. 

SBT-fdrlaget, Lund. 

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GT{APHIS ScnIPTA 

Volyrn 10, haf E L2,1999 

Innehill 

I Roland Moberg has turned 60 

4 Notes on the chemistry of some lichens from Norway 

J. A. EIix and T. Tonsberg 

7 Epilithic lichens on iron- and copper-containing crusts at Qeqertarsuaq, 

Central West Greenland 

E. ,S. Hansen 

13 Floristic news from Sweden, Norway and Finland 

A. Nordin and J. Hermansson 

2l rhe NlF-excursion to the Faeroe Islands lgg5 

V. Alstrup ond.S. N. Christensen 

29 Bark- och vedlevande lavar i Trollskogen, Bdda, Oland [Epiphytic and 

lignicolous lichens in Trollskogen, B6da, Oland, sE. sweden] 

T. Knutsson, T. Johansson och H. Lundkvist 

49 Placynthiella dasaea new to poland 

M. Kulcwa and A. Zalewska 

5l Cyphelium tigillare (Caliciaceae, Ascomycota lichenisati) in the polish 

lowland 

LT. Faltynowicz and M. Kuh,va 

53 Buellia arborea, an overlooked sorediate lichen on wood in Sweden 

T. Foucard and A. Nordin 

59 Caloplaca alstrupii, a new lichen species from Denmark 

U. Sschting 

Gneprus ScrurT e is accredited with the International Association for plant Taxonomv for the 

purpose ofregishation ofnew names offungi.

GT{APHIS ScnIPTA

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