Welsh Lichen Red List - Lichens of Wales
Welsh Lichen Red List - Lichens of Wales
Welsh Lichen Red List - Lichens of Wales
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A<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong><br />
<strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong><br />
for<br />
<strong>Wales</strong><br />
Rhestr o Gen<br />
Data Coch ar gyfer<br />
Cymru<br />
With the help <strong>of</strong> the British<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong> Society, the Countryside<br />
Council for <strong>Wales</strong> and the<br />
National Museum <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
Gyda chymorth y<br />
British <strong>Lichen</strong><br />
Society, Cyngor Cefn<br />
Gwlad Cymru ac<br />
Amgueddfa Cymru.
Summary<br />
Despite its small size (11% <strong>of</strong> mainland Britain) <strong>Wales</strong> has supported 1290<br />
lichen taxa (including 1250 species) representing 68% <strong>of</strong> the total British<br />
lichen flora. Using widely accepted international criteria and data collated<br />
by the British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society a <strong>Welsh</strong> regional threat status is <strong>of</strong>fered for<br />
all <strong>Welsh</strong> lichens and allied fungi for the first time. The threat status <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Welsh</strong> species is compared with the already published British <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong><br />
for <strong>Lichen</strong>s.<br />
Of the 1290 species <strong>of</strong> lichens and fungi traditionally studied by lichenologists<br />
in <strong>Wales</strong> 22 are probably extinct (2% <strong>of</strong> the total) and 204 more (16%) are<br />
threatened with extinction. Of this latter total 28 (2% <strong>of</strong> the overall total) are<br />
Critically Endangered, 24 (2%) are Endangered and 156 (12%) are Vulnerable. a<br />
further 131 taxa (10%) are Near Threatened, whilst 152 taxa (12%) lack sufficient<br />
information for a threat category to be assigned to them.<br />
British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society<br />
Of <strong>Welsh</strong> lichens and fungi studied by lichenologists 38% <strong>of</strong> the taxa therefore<br />
require some action either to better understand their true status or reverse<br />
known ongoing declines. This compares with 35% for Britain as a whole.<br />
Believed to be the first such regional report <strong>of</strong> threats facing lichen species in<br />
Britain, it is hoped these results will be used to help prioritise future<br />
conservation actions.<br />
Crynodeb<br />
Er mai gwlad fechan yw Cymru (yn cyfrif am 11% o holl arwynebedd tir<br />
mawr Prydain) mae wedi cynnal 1290 tacson cen (yn cynnwys 1250<br />
rhywogaeth). Mae hyn yn gyfystyr â 68% o holl fflora cen Prydain.<br />
Defnyddiwyd data a gasglwyd gan y ‘British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society’, ynghyd â<br />
meini prawf rhyngwladol cydnabyddedig, er mwyn gallu cynnig disgrifiad<br />
am y tro cyntaf o statws holl gennau Cymru â’r ffyngau sy’n gysylltiedig â<br />
nhw o safbwynt y bygythiad y maent yn ei wynebu ar lefel ranbarthol. Mae<br />
statws bygythiad y rhywogaethau Cymreig yn cael ei gymharu â’r Rhestr<br />
Data Coch ar gyfer Prydain, sydd eisoes wedi ei chyhoeddi. Mae’r statws<br />
bygythiad hwnnw yn cael ei gymharu gyda’r Rhestr Data Coch Brydeinig,<br />
sydd eisoes wedi ei chyhoeddi.<br />
O blith y rhywogaethau cen a ffwng sydd wedi cael eu hastudio’n draddodiadol<br />
gan arbenigwyr cen yng Nghymru mae’n debyg bod 22 (2% o’r cyfanswm) wedi<br />
mynd i ddifancoll a bod 204 (16%) o’r gweddill mewn perygl o fynd i ddifancoll.<br />
O blith y cyfanswm olaf hwn mae 28 (2%) Dan Fygythiad Enbyd, 24 (2%) Dan<br />
Fygythiad a 156 (12%) yn Fregus. Mae 133 tacson pellach (10% ) yn agos at fod<br />
Dan Fygythiad tra bod diffyg gwybodaeth am 152 (12%) tacson yn ei gwneud yn<br />
amhosib i bennu statws bygythiad ar eu cyfer.<br />
Felly mae angen cymryd camau gweithredu ar gyfer 38% o’r tacson cen a ffwng<br />
Cymreig sydd wedi cael eu hastudio gan arbenigwyr, un ai er mwyn deall mwy<br />
am eu gwir statws neu i wrthdroi dirywiad sy’n digwydd ar hyn o bryd. Mae hyn<br />
yn cymharu â 35% ar gyfer Prydain gyfan.<br />
Credir mai hwn yw’r adroddiad rhanbarthol cyntaf ynglŷn â’r bygythiadau sy’n<br />
wynebu rhywogaethau cen ym Mhrydain. Gobeithir y bydd y canlyniadau hyn<br />
yn cael eu defnyddio er mwyn blaenoriaethu gwaith cadwraeth yn y dyfodol.
A <strong>Lichen</strong><br />
<strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong><br />
for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Rhestr o Gen<br />
Data Coch ar gyfer<br />
Cymru<br />
Ray G Woods<br />
Plantlife Cymru<br />
Cite as: Woods, R. G. (2010) A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong>. Plantlife, Salisbury.<br />
1
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
2
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
A <strong>Lichen</strong><br />
<strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong><br />
for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
This report presents the results <strong>of</strong> a<br />
comprehensive analysis <strong>of</strong> the current status <strong>of</strong><br />
lichens in <strong>Wales</strong> using the updated IUCN criteria.<br />
It has brought to light a suite <strong>of</strong> species more<br />
threatened in <strong>Wales</strong> than in the rest <strong>of</strong> Britain, as<br />
well as some species threatened in Britain but which<br />
are doing better in <strong>Wales</strong>. <strong>Wales</strong> has a responsibility<br />
to protect and conserve all these threatened species,<br />
and it is hoped the findings <strong>of</strong> this study will be used<br />
to inform priorities for conservation action and<br />
future revisions <strong>of</strong> the British <strong>Red</strong> Data Book <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>Lichen</strong>s and the list <strong>of</strong> lichens that appear in Section<br />
42 <strong>of</strong> the Natural Environment and Rural<br />
Communities Act (NERC) 2006 (Habitats and species<br />
<strong>of</strong> principal importance in <strong>Wales</strong>). It also highlights<br />
those species with <strong>Welsh</strong> populations <strong>of</strong> European<br />
and/or world significance.<br />
This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru<br />
with the support <strong>of</strong> the Countryside Council for<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> and the British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society.<br />
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A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
4
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Contents<br />
1 Introduction 6<br />
2 Implementation <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> 7<br />
3 Coverage 8<br />
3.1 Taxonomic coverage 8<br />
3.2 Geographic coverage 8<br />
4 Data sources 9<br />
5 Application <strong>of</strong> IUCN criteria 10<br />
5.1 IUCN categories at the regional level 10<br />
5.2 Treating <strong>Wales</strong> as a region 10<br />
5.3 IUCN categories in <strong>Wales</strong> 11<br />
6 Explanation <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> 14<br />
6.1 Species listed 14<br />
6.2 <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status and criteria 14<br />
6.3 British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status 14<br />
6.4 Rarity 14<br />
6.5 National/international responsibility 15<br />
6.6 Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong> 15<br />
6.7 Porportion <strong>of</strong> British population 15<br />
6.8 Biodiversity Action Plan and Section 42 species 15<br />
6.9 Schedule 8 species 15<br />
7 Analysis 16<br />
7.1 Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>Welsh</strong> and British <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong>s 16<br />
7.2 Taxa extinct in <strong>Wales</strong> 16<br />
7.3 Taxa “doing better” in <strong>Wales</strong> 18<br />
7.4 Taxa “doing worse” in <strong>Wales</strong> 19<br />
7.5 Taxa reaching the edge <strong>of</strong> their range in <strong>Wales</strong> 24<br />
7.6 Species for which <strong>Wales</strong> has a particular responsibility 28<br />
8 <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong> 35<br />
9 Acknowledgements 62<br />
10 References 63<br />
Appendix 1 64<br />
5
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
1. Introduction<br />
Plantlife published A Vascular Plant <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong> (Dines, 2008) in 2008<br />
following widespread consultation. Its publication was widely welcomed and it seemed<br />
desirable to try at least some <strong>of</strong> the methodology out on another group <strong>of</strong> organisms. The<br />
<strong>Red</strong> Data Books <strong>of</strong> Britain and Ireland: lichens Volume 1: Britain (Church et al) had been<br />
published in 1996. This list had been extended and revised by the publication <strong>of</strong> A<br />
Conservation Evaluation <strong>of</strong> British <strong>Lichen</strong>s (Woods and Coppins) in 2003, a revision <strong>of</strong><br />
which is currently in press.<br />
Such has been the increase in our knowledge <strong>of</strong> this group, coupled with the discovery <strong>of</strong><br />
a number <strong>of</strong> new taxa, that a major revision <strong>of</strong> The <strong>Lichen</strong> Flora <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and<br />
Ireland (Purvis et al 1992) was recently published by the British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society (Smith et<br />
al (2009)). A “Threatened lichens <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wales</strong>” distribution database (Countryside Council for<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> and British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society, pers.comm.) has also been developed and over 60,000<br />
<strong>Welsh</strong> lichen records accumulated by the local record centres in <strong>Wales</strong>. The British <strong>Lichen</strong><br />
Society has also continued to develop its own national databases and to publish records<br />
in its Bulletin <strong>of</strong> new and interesting lichens. Finally, but by no means least, a small but<br />
dedicated band <strong>of</strong> amateur and pr<strong>of</strong>essional lichenologists are all willing to share their<br />
data and expertise, as are members <strong>of</strong> Countryside Council for <strong>Wales</strong> (CCW) staff. Without<br />
their input this list could not have been produced<br />
As with the Vascular Plant <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for Great Britain (Cheffings & Farrell, 2005) and<br />
the Vascular Plant <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong> (Dines, 2008), it is hoped regular updates to<br />
this <strong>Welsh</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Lichen</strong>s will be made available electronically, based on either<br />
new data, additional data that is made available, or refined methods <strong>of</strong> analysing data.<br />
The updates may result in changes to threat status categories for certain taxa and these<br />
changes will supersede the status categories published here.<br />
This report has been produced by Plantlife Cymru, but would not have been possible<br />
without considerable help from all those who have shared their records, the British <strong>Lichen</strong><br />
Society, the National Museum <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wales</strong> and the Countryside Council for <strong>Wales</strong>. I am<br />
particularly indebted to Alan Orange, Steve Chambers and Brian Coppins for their<br />
invaluable assistance.<br />
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Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
2. Implementation <strong>of</strong><br />
this <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong><br />
One aim <strong>of</strong> this report is to assess the level <strong>of</strong> threat facing lichen species in <strong>Wales</strong> so that<br />
priorities can be identified for conservation action. However, <strong>Wales</strong> is a political, not<br />
biogeographic area, and this list should not be used in isolation without reference to the<br />
<strong>Red</strong> Data Books <strong>of</strong> Britain and Ireland: lichens Volume 1: Britain (Church et al 1996) and<br />
A Conservation Evaluation <strong>of</strong> British <strong>Lichen</strong>s (Woods and Coppins, 2003) and any<br />
revisions. Now that <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong>s exist for lichens in both Great Britain and <strong>Wales</strong>, some<br />
guidance on how these lists should be used is needed, especially in view <strong>of</strong> the fact that a<br />
few taxa have different levels <strong>of</strong> threat in each area.<br />
Any taxon that is threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near<br />
Threatened) in Britain (Woods and Coppins, op. cit.) should also be regarded as a priority<br />
for conservation in <strong>Wales</strong>, regardless <strong>of</strong> its threat status in <strong>Wales</strong>. The categories <strong>of</strong> threat<br />
given in Woods and Coppins (op. cit.) are based on an assessment <strong>of</strong> national distribution<br />
and decline, and apply throughout the current range <strong>of</strong> each taxon in England, Scotland,<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> and the Isle <strong>of</strong> Man.<br />
If a taxon is less threatened in <strong>Wales</strong> than it is in Britain (it has a lower category <strong>of</strong> threat<br />
than in Britain or is even classified as Least Concern in <strong>Wales</strong>), the <strong>Welsh</strong> population must<br />
still be regarded as a critically important component <strong>of</strong> the British population and<br />
deserves full protection in <strong>Wales</strong> with appropriate conservation measures. This is because<br />
it represents a part <strong>of</strong> the whole British population that has more chance <strong>of</strong> surviving and<br />
recovering than the British population as a whole. Should the British population outside<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> continue to decline, the <strong>Welsh</strong> population will become increasingly important,<br />
again regardless <strong>of</strong> its status within <strong>Wales</strong>. Should the <strong>Welsh</strong> population begin to decline,<br />
the species will be regarded as even more threatened in Britain as a whole.<br />
Taxa that are more threatened in <strong>Wales</strong> than they are in Britain should naturally be<br />
considered as priorities for conservation within <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
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A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
3. Coverage<br />
3.1 Taxonomic coverage<br />
This <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> includes all lichens and fungi traditionally studied by lichenologists<br />
(the latter indicated by [F] after the Latin name). Insufficient is known about the<br />
distribution and status <strong>of</strong> most subspecific taxa and they have mostly been omitted from<br />
consideration in this report. Most lichenicolous fungi have also been excluded pending<br />
further study, though clearly when a fungus is known to be confined to a particular lichen<br />
species that is itself threatened, this report must provide useful information on its status.<br />
The taxonomy mostly follows The <strong>Lichen</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Britain and Ireland, Smith et al (2009).<br />
3.2 Geographic coverage<br />
This <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> covers the country <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wales</strong>, including the 13 vice-counties <strong>of</strong><br />
Monmouthshire, Glamorgan, Brecknockshire, Radnorshire, Carmarthenshire,<br />
Pembrokeshire, Cardiganshire, Montgomeryshire, Merionethshire, Caernarvonshire,<br />
Denbighshire, Flintshire and Anglesey.<br />
8
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
4. Data sources<br />
As with the British <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong>s, this analysis used data from the British <strong>Lichen</strong><br />
Society’s distributional databases and the draft threatened lichens database. These data<br />
were used as a basis for the analysis <strong>of</strong> decline used in IUCN threat criterion A, which for<br />
the purpose <strong>of</strong> this study looks exclusively at levels <strong>of</strong> decline in distribution or area <strong>of</strong><br />
occupancy (AOO).<br />
Other IUCN criteria (B, C and D) examine the current number <strong>of</strong> sites, populations or<br />
individuals in the area being considered. Criteria B and C also require evidence <strong>of</strong> any<br />
ongoing decline. For these criteria, detailed up-to-date site data were sought from BLS<br />
Vice-County recorders, site managers and consultants who have prepared reports on sites.<br />
In such cases, the most recent record was sought for each site, along with population<br />
information and a judgement <strong>of</strong> whether any population decline is underway based on<br />
recent records (mostly 1987-2007). IUCN threat categories for criteria B, C and D in this<br />
study are therefore based on the most up-to-date and detailed information available.<br />
The judgement <strong>of</strong> site population decline is perhaps the most difficult to make given the<br />
paucity <strong>of</strong> monitoring data for many taxa and there is much room for improved<br />
monitoring <strong>of</strong> many taxa. Some taxa will be allocated a lower category <strong>of</strong> threat (based<br />
on population size alone) because monitoring data is not available. For some lichen<br />
species there is a problem in identifying a mature individual as required if use is to be<br />
made <strong>of</strong> parts <strong>of</strong> criteria B, C and D. Irregular extensive patches <strong>of</strong> a species may be the<br />
result <strong>of</strong> the coalescence <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> individuals. Conversely a large rapidly growing<br />
individual may die out in the centre leaving several separated segments <strong>of</strong> the thallus to<br />
continue to grow. This change could be viewed as the expansion <strong>of</strong> a population that in<br />
reality may be undergoing a decline. Couple this dilemma with the threat faced by all<br />
those individuals that occur on a single tree or rock where a single event, such as the<br />
spread <strong>of</strong> ivy or the collapse <strong>of</strong> the tree or exfoliation <strong>of</strong> part <strong>of</strong> a rock face, may eliminate<br />
the entire population, it seemed sensible to reinterpret criterion D and equate an<br />
individual with a single tree or rock outcrop.<br />
9
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
5. Application <strong>of</strong><br />
IUCN criteria<br />
5.1 IUCN categories at the regional level<br />
The standard IUCN <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> Categories (IUCN 2001) are used with the following<br />
modifications to take account <strong>of</strong> the regional nature <strong>of</strong> this analysis:<br />
Taxa extinct within <strong>Wales</strong> but extant in other parts <strong>of</strong> the world are classified as<br />
Regionally Extinct (RE). A taxon is RE when there is no reasonable doubt that the last<br />
individual in the region has died or a species has not been seen since 1960. In this report,<br />
taxa extinct in Britain as a whole are classified as EX, while those extinct in <strong>Wales</strong> but still<br />
present elsewhere in Great Britain are classified as RE. The list <strong>of</strong> extinctions for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
therefore includes both EX and RE taxa.<br />
5.2 Treating <strong>Wales</strong> as a region<br />
Considerable guidance is given by IUCN (2003) regarding the application <strong>of</strong> standard<br />
IUCN criteria and categories (IUCN, 2001) to a region (defined as any sub global<br />
geographically defined area, such as a continent, country, state, or province). Provided<br />
that the regional population being assessed is isolated from conspecific populations<br />
outside the region, the IUCN <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> Criteria (IUCN, 2001) can be used without<br />
modification within any geographically defined area.<br />
However, when the criteria are applied to part <strong>of</strong> a population defined by a geopolitical<br />
border, as in the case <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wales</strong> sharing a border with England, the threshold values listed<br />
under each criterion may be inappropriate because the unit being assessed is not the<br />
same as the whole population or subpopulation. As a result, the estimate <strong>of</strong> extinction<br />
risk may be inaccurate.<br />
In order to take this into account, we need to ask whether the <strong>Welsh</strong> population<br />
experiences any significant immigration <strong>of</strong> viable propagules from England (Figure 1). If<br />
not (or it is unknown), there is no change in the <strong>Welsh</strong> IUCN category. If, however, it is<br />
known or appears likely that viable propagules are entering <strong>Wales</strong> from England, the<br />
<strong>Welsh</strong> IUCN category is downgraded by one level provided that the GB population is stable<br />
or increasing. If the British population is decreasing, though, the <strong>Welsh</strong> IUCN category<br />
remains the same (further modification <strong>of</strong> the category can take place if the <strong>Welsh</strong><br />
population is acting as a sink, but it has not been possible to determine this). The level <strong>of</strong><br />
propagule immigration is almost impossible to assess. However, an attempt has been<br />
made to determine how likely immigration is by a consideration <strong>of</strong> the proximity <strong>of</strong><br />
threatened <strong>Welsh</strong> taxa to English populations.<br />
The threat category <strong>of</strong> <strong>Welsh</strong> taxa where the entire population is close to English<br />
populations may therefore be downgraded by one category if the British population is<br />
Least Concern. If, however, the British population is threatened, the <strong>Welsh</strong> IUCN category<br />
remains unaltered. In practice until recently so much <strong>of</strong> the English border in both north<br />
and south <strong>Wales</strong> was so affected by atmospheric pollution there were few lichens<br />
10
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
available to colonize <strong>Wales</strong>. Those few species that might fall into this category also tend<br />
to occur on man-made substrates in <strong>Wales</strong> such as memorials in churchyards or even to<br />
fall into a category well-understood within higher plants but as yet not developed to<br />
encompass lichens – that <strong>of</strong> a species <strong>of</strong> casual occurrence. The thinking still needs to be<br />
developed to prioritize our actions with respect to these species, for which <strong>Wales</strong> may<br />
never have been part <strong>of</strong> their natural range.<br />
Threatened <strong>Welsh</strong> taxon with<br />
population close to English<br />
population and taxon has a high<br />
dynamism score<br />
Immigration over entire <strong>Welsh</strong><br />
range likely?<br />
No / unknown<br />
No change to status category<br />
Yes<br />
Threatened in GB or endemic or<br />
near endemic?<br />
Yes<br />
No change to status category<br />
No<br />
Downgrade <strong>Welsh</strong> status category<br />
by one level<br />
Figure 1. Chart used to determine whether any changes to the <strong>Welsh</strong> threat category<br />
were necessary due to potential immigration from England (adapted from IUCN, 2003)<br />
5.3 IUCN categories in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Apart from the modifications given in sections 5.1 and 5.2 above, the standard IUCN<br />
categories and criteria (IUCN, 2001) have been used to produce this <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong>. This<br />
means that the same thresholds used to determine categories in the British <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong><br />
have been used for <strong>Wales</strong>, and the lists are therefore directly comparable. Because <strong>of</strong> this,<br />
a detailed treatment <strong>of</strong> how each criterion was applied is not reproduced here, but readers<br />
are referred to Woods and Coppins (2003) and its subsequent editions for further<br />
information. The following, however, gives a brief summary <strong>of</strong> the categories and criteria<br />
used here.<br />
EXTINCT (EX)<br />
A taxon is presumed extinct when surveys in known and/or expected habitat throughout<br />
its historic range have failed to record an individual. For this evaluation, a period <strong>of</strong> 50<br />
years is generally used, providing there have been reasonable attempts to re-discover the<br />
species concerned.<br />
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A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
CRITICALLY ENDANGERED (CR), ENDANGERED (EN) OR VULNERABLE (VU)<br />
Taxa are considered to be Critically Endangered , Endangered or Vulnerable when any one <strong>of</strong> the following criteria are met.<br />
A Decline in population size based on any <strong>of</strong> 1–4. CR EN VU<br />
1) % decline over last 50–100 years where causes <strong>of</strong> decline are understood, have<br />
ceased and are clearly reversible. >90% >70% >50%<br />
2) % decline over last 50–100 years where causes <strong>of</strong> decline have not ceased or are >80% >50% >30%<br />
not understood or are not reversible.<br />
3) % decline projected to occur in future. >80% >50% >30%<br />
4) % decline over last 50–100 years added to projected future decline where the<br />
cause <strong>of</strong> decline has not ceased. >80% >50% >30%<br />
B<br />
Geographic range either as B1 (extent) or B2 (area occupied)<br />
1) Range less than given amount and estimates indicate at least two <strong>of</strong> the following :- 100 km 2 5000 km 2 20,000 km 2<br />
a) Severely fragmented range or known from no more than the given number<br />
<strong>of</strong> locations. 1 5 10<br />
b) Decline in extent, area &/or quality <strong>of</strong> habitat, number <strong>of</strong> populations - - -<br />
and/or individuals.<br />
c) Extreme fluctuations in extent, area <strong>of</strong> occupancy or number <strong>of</strong> locations - - -<br />
or mature individuals.<br />
2) Area <strong>of</strong> occupancy estimated to be less than given area, and estimates indicating<br />
at least two <strong>of</strong> a–c. 10 km 2 500 km 2 2000 km 2<br />
a) Severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than a given number <strong>of</strong> locations. 1 5 10<br />
b) Continuing decline, observed, inferred or projected, in any <strong>of</strong> the following: - - -<br />
i) extent <strong>of</strong> occurrence<br />
ii) area <strong>of</strong> occurrence<br />
iii) area, extent &/or quality <strong>of</strong> habitat<br />
iv) number <strong>of</strong> locations or subpopulations<br />
v) number <strong>of</strong> individuals<br />
c) Extreme fluctuations in any <strong>of</strong> the following: - - -<br />
i) extent <strong>of</strong> occurrence<br />
ii) area <strong>of</strong> occurrence<br />
iii) number <strong>of</strong> locations or subpopulations<br />
iv) number <strong>of</strong> individuals<br />
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Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
C Population size estimated to number fewer than the given number <strong>of</strong> individuals CR EN VU<br />
(an individual generally taken to be tree number for epiphytic species or discrete units<br />
<strong>of</strong> rock for epilithic taxa) and either:- 250 2500 10,000<br />
1) An estimated continuing decline <strong>of</strong> the given percentage in up to the last<br />
100 years or 25% 20% 10%<br />
2) An estimated decline observed or inferred in number <strong>of</strong> individuals<br />
(see above for definition <strong>of</strong> individual) and at least one <strong>of</strong> the following:-<br />
a) Population structure in form <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the following:-<br />
i) no sub population estimated to contain more than the given number <strong>of</strong><br />
mature individuals or 50 250 1000<br />
ii) at least the given % <strong>of</strong> mature individuals in one subpopulation. 90% 95% 100%<br />
b) Extreme fluctuations in number <strong>of</strong> mature individuals (see above for definition - - -<br />
<strong>of</strong> individual).<br />
D<br />
Population size estimated to number fewer than the given number <strong>of</strong> mature<br />
individuals (see above for definition) (D or D1). Or in the case <strong>of</strong> species considered<br />
for Vulnerable status, its population occupying a very restricted area (typically 5 or<br />
fewer locations) so rendering it vulnerable to extinction (D2). 50 250 1000<br />
E Probability <strong>of</strong> extinction is at least the given % within the next 100 years. 50% 20% 10%<br />
Table 1. Criteria used in <strong>Wales</strong> for evaluating species and deciding on their IUCN <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong><br />
category<br />
NEAR THREATENED (NT)<br />
A taxon is Near Threatened when it is has been evaluated against the criteria but does not<br />
qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable now, but is close to qualifying<br />
for or is likely to qualify for a threatened category in the near future.<br />
LEAST CONCERN (LC)<br />
A taxon is Least Concern when it has been evaluated against the criteria and does not<br />
qualify for Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable or Near Threatened.<br />
Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.<br />
DATA DEFICIENT (DD)<br />
A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or<br />
indirect, assessment <strong>of</strong> its risk <strong>of</strong> extinction based on its distribution and/or population<br />
status. Whilst Data Deficient could be considered not to be a category <strong>of</strong> threat, in<br />
practice it must be a matter <strong>of</strong> grave concern that a threat status cannot be assigned.<br />
Some <strong>of</strong> these species could be critically endangered. Consequently a high priority<br />
should be attached to securing resources to further investigate these species.<br />
NOT EVALUATED (NE)<br />
A taxon is Not Evaluated when it has not yet been evaluated against the criteria. There<br />
can be many reasons for this. Often it is due to some taxonomic issue.<br />
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6. Explanation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong><br />
The columns that appear in the <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> are described below.<br />
6.1 Species listed<br />
All lichen species reported from <strong>Wales</strong> are listed in the two Taxon columns. The<br />
definition <strong>of</strong> lichen is not always clear-cut and some non-lichenized fungi are included<br />
where they form part <strong>of</strong> a genus with mostly lichenized species and have been<br />
traditionally studied by lichenologists. An [F] after the name identifies such fungi. Due<br />
to a paucity <strong>of</strong> information lichenicolous fungi have mostly been excluded though<br />
species that commence life as lichenicolous species to later establish themselves as<br />
independent lichens are included.<br />
6.2 <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status and criteria<br />
The IUCN threat category for <strong>Wales</strong> is given in the <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> Threat Status column.<br />
The criterion under which each threatened taxon qualifies is given in the Criteria column.<br />
For more details on how the categories CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Endangered), VU<br />
(Vulnerable), NT (Near Threatened) and LC (Least Concern) were applied and the criteria<br />
used, see Woods and Coppins (2003, pp 29-31) and section 5.3 above.<br />
6.3 British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
The threat category <strong>of</strong> the species in Britain is given in the British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> Threat Status<br />
column and mostly follows Woods and Coppins (2003). There are a few updated species.<br />
The reasons for such changes will be published shortly by JNCC in a revision <strong>of</strong> this<br />
document.<br />
6.4 Rarity<br />
By reference to the British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society’s hectad data base all those species recorded<br />
from England, Scotland, <strong>Wales</strong> and the Isle <strong>of</strong> Man in fewer than 15 hectads <strong>of</strong> the OS<br />
National Grid are noted as nationally rare (NR) whilst those recorded from 16 to 100<br />
hectads are noted as being nationally scarce (NS). This follows the convention adopted<br />
for higher plants and ferns. Interpreting this data requires care. Recording is incomplete<br />
for part <strong>of</strong> the country and species may be included that are common in a particular<br />
habitat, though the habitat itself may be nationally rare or scarce.<br />
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Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
6.5 National/international responsibility<br />
An “IR” placed in this column indicates that populations <strong>of</strong> this species in Britain are<br />
considered by Woods & Coppins (2003) to be <strong>of</strong> international importance, generally on<br />
account <strong>of</strong> their abundance in Britain compared to the rest <strong>of</strong> the world. An “E” indicates<br />
this species is endemic to Britain and Ireland, occurring nowhere else in the world.<br />
6.6 Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Taxa that reach the edge <strong>of</strong> their British range in <strong>Wales</strong> are identified in this column. The<br />
edge <strong>of</strong> range in question is indicated by “N”, “S”, and “W”, where “S” indicates that the<br />
taxon reaches its southern limit in <strong>Wales</strong>, and so on.<br />
6.7 Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
This column records the percentage <strong>of</strong> hectads in <strong>Wales</strong> compared to the total hectads for<br />
Britain that the species occupies using data from the British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society’s Atlas<br />
Database. Only those species for which <strong>Wales</strong> has 20% or more <strong>of</strong> the total British hectad<br />
records are included. Although crude, this provides an indication <strong>of</strong> how much <strong>of</strong> the<br />
British resource is located within <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
6.8 Biodiversity Action Plan and Section 42<br />
species<br />
Within this column are listed with a “P” all those species that possess a National<br />
Biodiversity Action Plan. An asterisk indicates a species that is listed on Section 42 <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act (2006) as being a species <strong>of</strong> principal<br />
importance in <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
6.9 Schedule 8 species<br />
All species listed on Schedule 8 <strong>of</strong> the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) that occur in<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> are identified in this column by the abbreviation “S8”.<br />
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7. Analysis<br />
7.1 Comparison <strong>of</strong> <strong>Welsh</strong> and British<br />
<strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong>s<br />
<strong>Wales</strong>, despite being only 11% <strong>of</strong> the land area <strong>of</strong> Britain (ie England, Scotland and <strong>Wales</strong>),<br />
has at one time supported 71% <strong>of</strong> the total British lichen flora. Table 2 compares the<br />
number <strong>of</strong> species in each threat category between Britain and <strong>Wales</strong>. Whilst there is some<br />
comfort in the similar percentages <strong>of</strong> critically endangered and endangered lichens in<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> compared to Britain, the significantly larger percentage <strong>of</strong> vulnerable species is a<br />
cause <strong>of</strong> grave concern. This extra degree <strong>of</strong> vulnerability may to some extent be due to<br />
small population sizes partly created by the relatively small size <strong>of</strong> <strong>Wales</strong>. There is,<br />
however no doubt that anthropogenic factors have played a large part in reducing<br />
population sizes. Atmospheric pollution by the 1970s had wiped out most <strong>of</strong> the native<br />
lichen floras from all <strong>of</strong> south and northeast <strong>Wales</strong> and grossly affected large parts <strong>of</strong><br />
central <strong>Wales</strong>. This, coupled with wholesale woodland fellings, particularly from the late<br />
1700s through to the Second World War, decimated ancient woodland lichen communities.<br />
Britain<br />
<strong>Wales</strong><br />
No. <strong>of</strong> taxa % <strong>of</strong> total No. <strong>of</strong> taxa % <strong>of</strong> total<br />
Extinct (EX) GB, (EX+RE)<strong>Wales</strong> 31 2 22 2<br />
Critically Endangered (CR) 42 2 28 2<br />
Endangered (EN) 34 2 24 2<br />
Vulnerable (VU) 105 6 156 12<br />
Near Threatened (NT) 205 11 131 10<br />
Data Deficient (DD) 249 14 152 12<br />
Least Concern (LC) 1168 64 803 61<br />
Total evaluated 1834 1316<br />
Table 2. Number and proportion <strong>of</strong> taxa in each <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> category in Britain and <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
7.2 Taxa extinct in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Out <strong>of</strong> the total <strong>of</strong> 1316 taxa evaluated from <strong>Wales</strong> 22 taxa (2%) are thought to have become<br />
extinct. This is similar to the percentage extinction for mainland Britain.<br />
Table 3 below gives the list <strong>of</strong> extinctions for <strong>Wales</strong> with the Vice-county and last year each<br />
taxon was recorded.<br />
Whether all <strong>of</strong> these species are really extinct in <strong>Wales</strong> must be the subject <strong>of</strong> some debate. A<br />
species such as Thelocarpon intermediellum is a short lived casual and may occur overlooked<br />
in other sites. The one boulder on which it was reported was removed from the road verge.<br />
Species such as Tomasellia diffusa may still occur on the smooth bark <strong>of</strong> alder twigs. This is<br />
considered to be a normally rather unproductive habitat by most lichenologists and one rarely<br />
searched with diligence. In contrast mature elm trees, the habitat <strong>of</strong> Collema fragrans and<br />
Bacidia subincompta in <strong>Wales</strong>, have largely been felled following their death due to Dutch elm<br />
disease, so their loss is probably genuine.<br />
It is also most likely that species have been lost due to atmospheric pollution throughout the<br />
years <strong>of</strong> the industrial revolution. By the 1960s large areas <strong>of</strong> south and north east <strong>Wales</strong> were<br />
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Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
almost entirely devoid <strong>of</strong> lichens. Unfortunately so little recording took place in these areas<br />
before the industrial revolution that any losses went unrecorded. The most recent loss is due<br />
to a demise <strong>of</strong> ancient weather boarded barns. The last known site for Chaenotheca<br />
phaeocephala was on a barn now on the point <strong>of</strong> collapse. Elsewhere timber preservative<br />
treatment prevents colonisation. This is most notably seen in the widespread use <strong>of</strong> tanalised<br />
s<strong>of</strong>twood as a replacement for untreated hardwood. The Tir G<strong>of</strong>al farm conservation scheme<br />
failed to take the requirements <strong>of</strong> these species into account and has funded the recladding<br />
<strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> old barns in entirely unsuitable materials. Ancient hardwood weatherboards<br />
were probably a very satisfactory substitute for the ancient limbs <strong>of</strong> slowly decaying trees<br />
that may well have been the original natural habitat <strong>of</strong> this lichen and one now almost lost<br />
from Britain.<br />
GB Taxon <strong>Wales</strong> Year last Vice-county Main habitat<br />
<strong>Red</strong> <strong>Red</strong> recorded last recorded in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
NE Arthonia punctilliformis [F] EX ? Caerns Holly bark<br />
EX Arthothelium spectabile EX 1960 Merioneth Smooth tree bark<br />
EX Bacidea polychroa EX 1881 Anglesey Mature tree bark<br />
EX Calicium quercinum EX c.1840 Merioneth Oak trunks<br />
EX Chaenotheca phaeocephala EX 2005 Radnor Oak weather boards<br />
EX Placythium anemoideum EX 1957 Glamorgan Limestone shingle<br />
EX Staurothele rufa EX 1964 Glamorgan Old limestone quarry<br />
NT Acarospora macrocarpa RE 1886 Merioneth Not known<br />
VU Bacidia subincompta RE 1983 Brecknock Elm bark<br />
CR Bryoria smithii RE 1960 Merioneth Upland acid rock<br />
CR Catapyrenium psoromoides RE 1924 Merioneth Basic rock outcrop & wall<br />
LC Cetraria ericetorum RE 1881 Caerns Upland heath?<br />
EN Collema fragrans RE 1986 Radnor Elm bark<br />
DD Dictyonema interruptum RE 1995 Brecknock Upland rock outcrop<br />
DD Lecidea commaculans RE 1871 Caerns Rhyolite outcrop<br />
LC Miriquidica complanata RE ? Caerns Moist montane rocks<br />
VU Pertusaria pustulata RE c.1870 Merioneth Young ash tree<br />
LC Placynthium tantaleum RE 1875 Merioneth Mortar <strong>of</strong> bridge wall<br />
VU Poeltinula cerebrina RE pre1960 Merioneth Limestone outcrops<br />
VU Pyrenula coryl [F] RE 1877 Merioneth Hazel bark<br />
LC Thelocarpon intermediellum RE 1983 Radnor Boulder top<br />
LC Tomasellia diffusua [F] RE 1871 Caerns Alder branch bark<br />
Table 3. The 22 taxa that have become extinct in <strong>Wales</strong>, along with the Vice-county and<br />
last year each taxon was recorded and their <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> status in Britain and <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
Extinct (EX) taxa have been lost from the British and <strong>Welsh</strong> flora, Regionally Extinct (RE)<br />
taxa have been lost from <strong>Wales</strong> but occur elsewhere in Britain. [F] indicates this species is<br />
a fungus traditionally studied by lichenologists.<br />
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It should also be noted that other species could be added to the list. Melanelia stygia has<br />
not been refound in its only <strong>Welsh</strong> locality despite two recent searches. It is still just<br />
possible that the one rather inconspicuous rock on which it occurred was somehow<br />
missed. Pannaria rubiginosa and Gomphillus calycioides do not appear to have been seen<br />
anywhere in <strong>Wales</strong> in the last three decades.<br />
7.3 Taxa “doing better” in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Because identical IUCN threat criteria have been used to identify threatened taxa in both<br />
Britain and <strong>Wales</strong>, we can compare the two floras directly to see how various taxa are<br />
faring. Some are “doing better” in <strong>Wales</strong> (in other words, they are less threatened in<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> than they are in Britain), while others are “doing worse” (they are more threatened<br />
in <strong>Wales</strong> than Britain).<br />
As you would expect when comparing a smaller area with a larger one, there are only a<br />
few taxa that are doing better in <strong>Wales</strong> (Table 4).<br />
Taxon GB <strong>Red</strong> <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong> <strong>List</strong><br />
Cladonia peziziformis CR NT<br />
Protoparmeliopsis achariana CR EN<br />
Porina effiliata CR EN<br />
Cryptolechia carneolutea EN VU<br />
Heterodermia leucomela EN VU<br />
Stereocaulon symphycheilum EN VU<br />
Collema fragile VU NT<br />
Protoparmelia atriseda VU NT<br />
Gyalecta flotowii NT LC<br />
Leptogium palmatum NT LC<br />
Usnea florida NT LC<br />
Table 4. The ten taxa that are “doing better” in <strong>Wales</strong> compared to Britain, arranged by<br />
decreasing British threat category. Taxa are included if they are threatened (CR, EN, VU) or<br />
near threatened (NT) in Britain, but have a lower threat category or are least concern (LC)<br />
in <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
The most noteworthy difference in threat status is that <strong>of</strong> Cladonia peziziformis. This<br />
lichen is a colonist <strong>of</strong> recently burnt coastal heathland where it is rapidly replaced by<br />
other species. It has not been seen in England since 1968 yet has been found 5 times in<br />
recent years in <strong>Wales</strong> in considerable quantities in most sites. The remaining species<br />
differ in only a single category, the difference in the main reflecting a steady increase in<br />
recent years in the number <strong>of</strong> their sites or the size <strong>of</strong> their populations.<br />
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Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
7.4 Taxa “doing worse” in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
The 235 taxa that are more threatened in <strong>Wales</strong> than they are in Britain are listed in Table<br />
5. Because <strong>Wales</strong> is a smaller area than Britain, many taxa are naturally more threatened<br />
than they are in Britain under criteria B, C and D (limited number <strong>of</strong> individuals or<br />
populations). Couple this with the damaging effects <strong>of</strong> twentieth century sulphur dioxide<br />
pollution and now the continued impact <strong>of</strong> acid rain and rising ammonia levels, so<br />
widespread in <strong>Wales</strong>, that whole suites<br />
<strong>of</strong> sensitive species have been pushed to the brink<br />
<strong>of</strong> extinction in <strong>Wales</strong> yet remain so frequent in the Western Highlands <strong>of</strong> Scotland as to<br />
cause their British conservation assessment to be that <strong>of</strong> “Least Concern”. Species <strong>of</strong><br />
Lobaria, Pannaria, Pseudocyphellaria, Sticta and Parmeliella are, for example, all doing<br />
worse in <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
Taxon GB <strong>Wales</strong><br />
<strong>Red</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong> <strong>List</strong><br />
Biatoridium monasteriense EN CR<br />
Caloplaca flavorubescens EN CR<br />
Caloplaca luteoalba EN CR<br />
Endocarpon adscendens EN CR<br />
Strigula stigmatella var. stigmatella EN CR<br />
Bacidia incompta VU CR<br />
Biatoridium delitescens VU CR<br />
Caloplaca luteoalba VU CR<br />
Peltigera venosa VU CR<br />
Physcia tribacioides VU CR<br />
Pseudocyphellaria lacerata VU CR<br />
Pyrenula hibernica VU CR<br />
Vestergrenopsis elaeina VU CR<br />
Buellia hyperbolica VU EN<br />
Collema dichotomum VU EN<br />
Graphina pauciloculata VU EN<br />
Lecanographa amylacea VU EN<br />
Sticta canariensis independ. green morph. VU EN<br />
Xanthoparmelia tinctina VU EN<br />
Collema parvum VU VU<br />
Biatora globulosa NT CR<br />
Blarneya hibernica NT CR<br />
Collema fasciculare NT CR<br />
Melanelia stygia NT CR<br />
Parmeliella testacea NT CR<br />
Pseudocyphellaria intricata NT CR<br />
Strangospora microhaema NT CR<br />
Strigula thelopsidoides NT CR<br />
Byssoloma subdiscordans NT EN<br />
Chaenotheca chlorella NT EN<br />
Endocarpon pusillum NT EN<br />
Fuscopannaria sampaiana NT EN<br />
Gomphillus calycioides NT EN<br />
Gyalidea fritzei NT EN<br />
Leptogium subtorulosum NT EN<br />
Sporastatia polyspora NT EN<br />
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Taxon GB <strong>Wales</strong><br />
<strong>Red</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong> <strong>List</strong><br />
Sporastatia testudinea NT EN<br />
Gyalecta foveolaris NT EN<br />
Porina interjungens NT NT<br />
Acarospora badi<strong>of</strong>usca NT VU<br />
Agonimia octospora NT VU<br />
Arthonia zwackhii NT VU<br />
Catillaria aphana NT VU<br />
Chaenothecopsis savonica NT VU<br />
Collema nigrescens NT VU<br />
Cladonia uncialis uncialis NT VU<br />
Collema occultatum NT VU<br />
Dirina massiliensis f. massiliensis NT VU<br />
Heterodermia japonica NT VU<br />
Lecanora horiza NT VU<br />
Lecanora quercicola NT VU<br />
Lemmopsis arnoldiana NT VU<br />
Lempholemma cladodes NT VU<br />
Lempholemma intricatum NT VU<br />
Lempholemma radiatum NT VU<br />
Leptogium brebissonii NT VU<br />
Leptogium massiliense NT VU<br />
Megalospora tuberculosa NT VU<br />
Megaspora verrucosa NT VU<br />
Miriquidica lulensis NT VU<br />
Mycomicrothelia atlantica NT VU<br />
Opegrapha prosodea NT VU<br />
Phaeographis lyellii NT VU<br />
Parmelinopsis minarum NT VU<br />
Physcia clementei NT VU<br />
Placynthium asperellum NT VU<br />
Placynthium pannariellum NT VU<br />
Polyblastia efflorescens NT VU<br />
Polyblastia terrestris NT VU<br />
Porina curnowii NT VU<br />
Porina hibernica NT VU<br />
Protothelenella sphinctrinoides NT VU<br />
Pterygiopsis coracodiza NT VU<br />
Pterygiopsis lacustris NT VU<br />
Ramonia dictyospora NT VU<br />
Rinodina milvina NT VU<br />
Stereocaulon delisei NT VU<br />
Stereocaulon glareosum NT VU<br />
Stereocaulon plicatile NT VU<br />
Stereocaulon tornense NT VU<br />
Thelopsis melathelia NT VU<br />
Thermutis velutina NT VU<br />
Usnea articulata NT VU<br />
Wadeana dendrographa NT VU<br />
Syncesia myrticola NT VU<br />
Lobaria scrobiculata LC CR<br />
Pannaria rubiginosa LC CR<br />
Pseudocyphellaria norvegica LC CR<br />
Lecanographa lyncea LC EN<br />
Lobaria virens LC EN<br />
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Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Taxon GB <strong>Wales</strong><br />
<strong>Red</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong> <strong>List</strong><br />
Absconditella trivialis LC NT<br />
Acrocordia macrospora LC NT<br />
Agonimia allobata LC NT<br />
Ainoa mooreana LC NT<br />
Amygdalaria consentiens LC NT<br />
Anisomeridium robustum LC NT<br />
Arthonia anombrophila LC NT<br />
Arthonia vinosa LC NT<br />
Arthopyrenia cerasi LC NT<br />
Bacidia biatorina LC NT<br />
Bactrospora corticola LC NT<br />
Belonia incarnata LC NT<br />
Biatora chrysantha LC NT<br />
Buellia erubescens LC NT<br />
Bunodophoron melanocarpum LC NT<br />
Catillaria scotinodes LC NT<br />
Cetraria islandica ssp. islandica LC NT<br />
Cetrelia olivetorum s. lat. LC NT<br />
Chrysothrix chlorina LC NT<br />
Cladonia incrassata LC NT<br />
Cladonia rangiferina LC NT<br />
Collema furfuraceum LC NT<br />
Collema glebulentum LC NT<br />
Cresponea premnea LC NT<br />
Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes LC NT<br />
Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum LC NT<br />
Dimerella lutea LC NT<br />
Diploschistes gypsaceus LC NT<br />
Fuscidea intercincta LC NT<br />
Hymenelia epulotica LC NT<br />
Hypocenomyce friesii LC NT<br />
Hypotrachyna sinuosa LC NT<br />
Hypotrachyna taylorensis LC NT<br />
Lecanactis latebrarum LC NT<br />
Lecanora subaurea LC NT<br />
Leptogium britannicum LC NT<br />
Leptogium cyanescens LC NT<br />
Megalaria grossa LC NT<br />
Melanelia commixta LC NT<br />
Melanelia disjuncta LC NT<br />
Moelleropsis nebulosa LC NT<br />
Mycobilimbia epixanthoides LC NT<br />
Mycobilimbia pilularis LC NT<br />
Nephroma laevigatum LC NT<br />
Nephroma parile LC NT<br />
Ochrolechia frigida f. frigida LC NT<br />
Pachyphiale carneola LC NT<br />
Pannaria conoplea LC NT<br />
Parmeliella parvula LC NT<br />
Parmeliella triptophylla LC NT<br />
Parmotrema crinitum LC NT<br />
Peltigera britannica LC NT<br />
Peltigera collina LC NT<br />
Pertusaria coronata LC NT<br />
21
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Taxon GB <strong>Wales</strong><br />
<strong>Red</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong> <strong>List</strong><br />
Phyllopsora rosei LC NT<br />
Physconia perisidiosa LC NT<br />
Polychidium muscicola LC NT<br />
Porina coralloidea LC NT<br />
Protothelenella corrosa LC NT<br />
Psora decipiens LC NT<br />
Psorotichia schaereri LC NT<br />
Punctelia reddenda LC NT<br />
Pycnothelia papillaria LC NT<br />
Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella LC NT<br />
Rimularia gyrizans LC NT<br />
Schismatomma quercicola LC NT<br />
Solorina spongiosa LC NT<br />
Stereocaulon condensatum LC NT<br />
Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis LC NT<br />
Sticta limbata LC NT<br />
Sticta sylvatica LC NT<br />
Thelidium pluvium LC NT<br />
Thelopsis rubella LC NT<br />
Thelotrema lepadinum LC NT<br />
Tuckermanopsis chlorophylla LC NT<br />
Umbilicaria proboscidea LC NT<br />
Vahliella leucophaea LC NT<br />
Vezdaea acicularis LC NT<br />
Alectoria nigricans LC VU<br />
Allantoparmelia alpicola LC VU<br />
Arthonia ligniariella LC VU<br />
Arthonia mediella LC VU<br />
Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola LC VU<br />
Bacidia absistens LC VU<br />
Belonia russula LC VU<br />
Bryoria bicolor LC VU<br />
Bryoria chalybeiformis LC VU<br />
Bryoria fuscescens var. fuscescens LC VU<br />
Catillaria contristans LC VU<br />
Cetraria sepincola LC VU<br />
Chaenotheca brachypoda LC VU<br />
Chaenotheca stemonea LC VU<br />
Cladonia macrophylla LC VU<br />
Cladonia sulphurina LC VU<br />
Coccotrema citrinescens LC VU<br />
Degelia atlantica LC VU<br />
Degelia plumbea LC VU<br />
Frutidella caesioatra LC VU<br />
Fuscopannaria mediterranea LC VU<br />
Ionaspis odora LC VU<br />
Koerberiella wimmeriana LC VU<br />
Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia LC VU<br />
Lecidea silacea LC VU<br />
Lempholemma botryosum LC VU<br />
Leptogium burgessii LC VU<br />
Leptogium tenuissimum LC VU<br />
Leptorhaphis atomaria LC VU<br />
Lobaria amplissima LC VU<br />
22
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Taxon GB <strong>Wales</strong><br />
<strong>Red</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong> <strong>List</strong><br />
Lobaria pulmonaria LC VU<br />
Melanelia hepatizon LC VU<br />
Menegazzia terebrata LC VU<br />
Micarea marginata LC VU<br />
Micarea pseudomarginata LC VU<br />
Microcalicium ahlneri LC VU<br />
Microcalicium disseminatum LC VU<br />
Miriquidica atr<strong>of</strong>ulva LC VU<br />
Mycoblastus affinis LC VU<br />
Normandina acroglypta LC VU<br />
Opegrapha fumosa LC VU<br />
Orphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis LC VU<br />
Peltigera polydactylon LC VU<br />
Pertusaria amarescens LC VU<br />
Pertusaria chiodectonoides LC VU<br />
Pertusaria dactylina LC VU<br />
Pertusaria monogona LC VU<br />
Placynthiella hyporhoda LC VU<br />
Placynthium flabellosum LC VU<br />
Protoblastenia siebenhaariana LC VU<br />
Protoparmelia montagnei LC VU<br />
Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella LC VU<br />
Psoroma hypnorum LC VU<br />
Pyrenula laevigata LC VU<br />
Pyrenula occidentalis LC VU<br />
Rhizocarpon anaperum LC VU<br />
Rhizocarpon badioatrum LC VU<br />
Rinodina fimbriata LC VU<br />
Ropalospora lugubris f. lugubris LC VU<br />
Schismatomma cretaceum LC VU<br />
Schismatomma niveum LC VU<br />
Staurothele hymenogonia LC VU<br />
Sticta canariensis / dufourii LC VU<br />
Sticta fuliginosa LC VU<br />
Strigula jamesii LC VU<br />
Strigula phaea LC VU<br />
Strigula stigmatella var. alpestris LC VU<br />
Thelidium fontigenum LC VU<br />
Thelidium impressum LC VU<br />
Thelidium papulare f. sorediatum LC VU<br />
Toninia fusispora LC VU<br />
Xylographa parallela LC VU<br />
Table 5. The 241 taxa that are “doing worse” in <strong>Wales</strong> than they are in Britain, arranged<br />
by decreasing British threat category. Taxa are included if they are threatened (EN, VU) or<br />
near threatened (NT) in Britain but have a higher threat category in <strong>Wales</strong>, or if they are<br />
Least Concern (LC) in Britain but are threatened or near threatened in <strong>Wales</strong>. Taxa that<br />
are threatened in Britain but extinct in <strong>Wales</strong> (EX or RE) are excluded (see section 7.2).<br />
23
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
7.5 Taxa reaching the edge <strong>of</strong> their range<br />
in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Many taxa reach the northern or southern edges <strong>of</strong> their British ranges in <strong>Wales</strong> (Tables 6<br />
& 7). It is becoming increasingly important to identify such species in order to select<br />
priorities for conservation and for monitoring the impacts <strong>of</strong> climate change. Small,<br />
edge-<strong>of</strong>-range populations <strong>of</strong> species that might be vulnerable to change are particularly<br />
important, as they may be genetically distinct.<br />
Of species at the northernmost edge <strong>of</strong> their range in <strong>Wales</strong> listed in Table 6,<br />
Parmelinopsis minarum and Parmelina carporrhizans may both have shown a genuine<br />
northerly extension to their ranges in recent years. Perhaps <strong>of</strong> greater conservation<br />
concern are the larger numbers <strong>of</strong> montane and sub-montane species that occur in tiny<br />
populations at the southernmost edge <strong>of</strong> their range in <strong>Wales</strong> and comprise a large<br />
element <strong>of</strong> Table 7. They may be particularly vulnerable to a warming climate.<br />
Taxon<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
Arthonia astroidestera NT<br />
Arthonia atlantica NT<br />
Blarneya hibernica CR<br />
Byssoloma subdiscordans EN<br />
Heterodermia leucomela VU<br />
Lecanora ochroidea LC<br />
Melaspilea amota [F] DD<br />
Opegrapha prosodea VU<br />
Parmelina carporrhizans VU<br />
Parmelinopsis horrescens NT<br />
Parmelinopsis minarum VU<br />
Parmotrema robustum CR<br />
Pertusaria velata VU<br />
Phaeographis inusta LC<br />
Porina curnowii VU<br />
Protoparmelia montagnei VU<br />
Rinodina biloculata VU<br />
Roccella fuciformis NT<br />
Roccella phycopsis NT<br />
Syncesia myrticola VU<br />
Teloschistes flavicans VU<br />
Table 6. Taxa that reach the northern edge <strong>of</strong> their British distribution in <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
24
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Taxon<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
Acarospora badi<strong>of</strong>usca VU<br />
Acarospora benedarensis DD<br />
Agonimia repleta DD<br />
Ainoa mooreana NT<br />
Alectoria nigricans VU<br />
Allantoparmelia alpicola VU<br />
Amygdalaria consentiens NT<br />
Amygdalaria pelobotryon LC<br />
Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola VU<br />
Aspicilia intermutans DD<br />
Aspicilia recedens DD<br />
Atla wheldonii NT<br />
Bacidia carneoglauca LC<br />
Bacidia subincompta RE<br />
Baeomyces carneus DD<br />
Belonia russula VU<br />
Biatora globulosa CR<br />
Biatoridium delitescens CR<br />
Biatoridium monasteriense CR<br />
Buellia uberior DD<br />
Caloplaca obliterans LC<br />
Caloplaca scopularis NT<br />
Carbonea vorticosa DD<br />
Catillaria contristans VU<br />
Catillaria scotinodes NT<br />
Catillaria subviridis DD<br />
Cetraria ericetorum RE<br />
Cetraria sepincola VU<br />
Cladonia borealis DD<br />
Cladonia crispata crispata DD<br />
Cladonia rangiferina NT<br />
Cladonia stygia VU<br />
Cladonia sulphurina VU<br />
Coccotrema citrinescens VU<br />
Collema fasciculare NT<br />
Collema glebulentum NT<br />
Collema undulatum var. undulatum DD<br />
Dermatocarpon rivulorum DD<br />
Epigloea bactrospora DD<br />
Fellhanera duplex DD<br />
Frutidella caesioatra VU<br />
Fuscidea austera DD<br />
Fuscidea intercincta NT<br />
Fuscidea mollis VU<br />
Gomphillus calycioides EN<br />
Gyalecta foveolaris EN<br />
Gyalidea fritzei EN<br />
Hymenelia heteromorpha VU<br />
Hypocenomyce friesii NT<br />
Ionaspis chrysophana VU<br />
Ionaspis odora VU<br />
Jamesiella scotica DD<br />
Koerberiella wimmeriana VU<br />
Lecanora achariana EN<br />
Lecanora caesiosora DD<br />
25
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Taxon<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia VU<br />
Lecanora rupicola var. efflorens DD<br />
Lecidea berengeriana VU<br />
Lecidea endomelaena NT<br />
Lecidea promixta LC<br />
Lecidea silacea VU<br />
Lecidea swartzioidea LC<br />
Lecidoma demissum LC<br />
Lempholemma cladodes VU<br />
Lempholemma intricatum VU<br />
Lempholemma radiatum VU<br />
Leptogium subtorulosum EN<br />
Leptorhaphis atomaria [F] VU<br />
Melanelia commixta NT<br />
Melanelia stygia CR<br />
Melaspilea granitophila LC<br />
Melaspilea interjecta DD<br />
Micarea hedlundii NT<br />
Micarea marginata VU<br />
Micarea submilliaria VU<br />
Micarea ternaria DD<br />
Micarea turfosa VU<br />
Miriquidica atr<strong>of</strong>ulva VU<br />
Miriquidica complanata f. complanata RE<br />
Miriquidica lulensis VU<br />
Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LC<br />
Mycoblastus affinis VU<br />
Mycomicrothelia atlantica [F] VU<br />
Ochrolechia frigida f. frigida NT<br />
Ochrolechia inaequatula DD<br />
Orphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis VU<br />
Peltigera britannica NT<br />
Peltigera degenii LC<br />
Peltigera elizabethae NT<br />
Peltigera venosa CR<br />
Pertusaria excludens LC<br />
Placynthium asperellum VU<br />
Placynthium dolichoterum VU<br />
Placynthium flabellosum VU<br />
Placynthium pannariellum VU<br />
Polyblastia efflorescens VU<br />
Polyblastia inumbrata DD<br />
Polyblastia melaspora LC<br />
Polyblastia philaea DD<br />
Polyblastia quartzina VU<br />
Polyblastia terrestris VU<br />
Porina byssophila VU<br />
Porina grandis VU<br />
Porocyphus leptogiella NT<br />
Porpidia melinodes LC<br />
Porpidia superba f. superba NT?<br />
Porpidia superba f. sorediata NT?<br />
Protoblastenia siebenhaariana VU<br />
Protoparmelia atriseda NT<br />
Protothelenella corrosa NT<br />
26
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Taxon<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella VU<br />
Protothelenella sphinctrinoides VU<br />
Pseudocyphellaria intricata CR<br />
Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR<br />
Pseudocyphellaria norvegica CR<br />
Pyrenopsis grumulifera DD<br />
Pyrenopsis impolita DD<br />
Pyrenopsis subareolata LC<br />
Pyrenula hibernica CR<br />
Ramalina polymorpha NT<br />
Rhizocarpon alpicola LC<br />
Rhizocarpon amphibium DD<br />
Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DD<br />
Rhizocarpon caesium DD<br />
Rhizocarpon cinereovirens NT<br />
Rhizocarpon geminatum DD<br />
Rhizocarpon intermediellum VU<br />
Rhizocarpon submodestum DD<br />
Rhizocarpon superficiale VU<br />
Rinodina milvina VU<br />
Ropalospora lugubris f. lugubris VU<br />
Schaereria corticola CR<br />
Stereocaulon glareosum VU<br />
Stereocaulon tornense VU<br />
Strangospora microhaema CR<br />
Strigula stigmatella var. alpestris VU<br />
Strigula thelopsidoides CR<br />
Tephromela pertusarioides DD<br />
Thamnolia vermicularis ssp. subuliformis VU<br />
Thelidium papulare f. sorediatum VU<br />
Thelidium pluvium NT<br />
Thelocarpon impressellum LC<br />
Thelopsis melathelia VU<br />
Tomasellia diffusa [F] RE?<br />
Toninia fusispora VU<br />
Umbilicaria hirsuta NT<br />
Umbilicaria proboscidea NT<br />
Verrucaria pachyderma DD<br />
Vestergrenopsis elaeina CR<br />
Vezdaea acicularis NT<br />
Xylographa parallela VU<br />
Table 7. Taxa that reach the southern edge <strong>of</strong> their British distribution in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Taxon<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
Bacidia adastra LC<br />
Biatora britannica DD<br />
Buellia badia LC<br />
Pleurosticta acetabulum DD<br />
Table 8. Taxa that reach the westernmost edge <strong>of</strong> their British distribution in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
27
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
7.6 Species for which <strong>Wales</strong> has a particular<br />
responsibility<br />
Woods & Coppins (2003) consider that where the British population <strong>of</strong> any taxon exceeds<br />
10% <strong>of</strong> the total world population Britain has an international responsibility towards the<br />
conservation <strong>of</strong> that taxon. They are listed in Table 9. Where that species is endemic or<br />
probably endemic to Britain and Ireland it is shown in bold type.<br />
Taxon<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
Blarneya hibernica CR<br />
Collema fasciculare CR<br />
Lobaria scrobiculata CR<br />
Pannaria rubiginosa CR<br />
Parmeliella testacea CR<br />
Pseudocyphellaria intricata CR<br />
Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR<br />
Pseudocyphellaria norvegica CR<br />
Pyrenula hibernica CR<br />
Strangospora microhaema CR<br />
Fuscopannaria sampaiana EN<br />
Gomphillus calycioides EN<br />
Graphina pauciloculata EN<br />
Lecanographa amylacea EN<br />
Lecanographa lyncea EN<br />
Lobaria virens EN<br />
Sticta canariensis independ. green morph. EN<br />
Agonimia octospora VU<br />
Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola VU<br />
Cryptolechia carneolutea VU<br />
Degelia atlantica VU<br />
Degelia ligulata VU<br />
Degelia plumbea VU<br />
Heterodermia leucomela VU<br />
Lecanora quercicola VU<br />
Leptogium brebissonii VU<br />
Leptogium burgessii VU<br />
Leptogium cochleatum VU<br />
Lobaria amplissima VU<br />
Lobaria pulmonaria VU<br />
Megalospora tuberculosa VU<br />
Menegazzia terebrata VU<br />
Micarea pseudomarginata VU<br />
Opegrapha fumosa VU<br />
Opegrapha prosodea VU<br />
Pertusaria velata VU<br />
Phaeographis lyellii VU<br />
Porina hibernica VU<br />
Pyrenula laevigata VU<br />
Pyrenula occidentalis VU<br />
Ramonia dictyospora VU<br />
28
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Taxon<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
Schismatomma cretaceum VU<br />
Schismatomma graphidioides VU<br />
Schismatomma niveum VU<br />
Stereocaulon delisei VU<br />
Stereocaulon plicatile VU<br />
Sticta canariensis / dufourii VU<br />
Sticta fuliginosa VU<br />
Syncesia myrticola VU<br />
Usnea articulata VU<br />
Wadeana dendrographa VU<br />
Melaspilea lentiginosa NE<br />
Agonimia wheldonii NT<br />
Arthonia anombrophila NT<br />
Arthonia astroidestra NT<br />
Arthonia atlantica NT<br />
Atla wheldonii NT<br />
Cresponea premnea NT<br />
Hypotrachyna sinuosa NT<br />
Hypotrachyna taylorensis NT<br />
Lecania chlorotiza NT<br />
Lecanora sublivescens NT<br />
Leptogium britannicum NT<br />
Leptogium cyanescens NT<br />
Micarea pycnidiophora NT<br />
Nephroma laevigatum NT<br />
Pannaria conoplea NT<br />
Parmeliella parvula NT<br />
Parmeliella triptophylla NT<br />
Parmelinopsis horrescens NT<br />
Peltigera britannica NT<br />
Peltigera collina NT<br />
Phyllopsora rosei NT<br />
Porina coralloidea NT<br />
Porina rosei NT<br />
Ptychographa xylographoides NT<br />
Ramonia chrysophaea NT<br />
Rinodina isidioides NT<br />
Schismatomma quercicola NT<br />
Sticta limbata NT<br />
Sticta sylvatica NT<br />
Thelocarpon magnussonii NT<br />
Acarospora benedarensis DD<br />
Caloplaca britannica DD<br />
Caloplaca ferruginea DD<br />
Cryptothele rhodosticta DD<br />
Eopyrenula avellanae DD<br />
Jamesiella scotica DD<br />
Melaspilea interjecta DD<br />
Micarea lgnaria endoleuca DD<br />
Nephroma tangeriense DD<br />
Pertusaria ophthalmiza DD<br />
Ramalina portuensis DD<br />
Thelocarpon opertum DD<br />
Usnea esperantiana DD<br />
Usnea glabrata DD<br />
29
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Taxon<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong><br />
<strong>List</strong><br />
Wadeana minuta DD<br />
Anisomeridium viridescens LC<br />
Arthonia ilicina LC<br />
Calicium lenticulare LC<br />
Eopyrenula grandicula LC<br />
Graphina ruiziana LC<br />
Gyalideopsis muscicola LC<br />
Hypotrachyna endochlora LC<br />
Lecanactis subabietinum LC<br />
Micarea alabastrites LC<br />
Micarea stipitata LC<br />
Micarea synotheoides LC<br />
Micarea xanthonica LC<br />
Opegrapha corticola LC<br />
Opegrapha saxigena LC<br />
Opegrapha xerica LC<br />
Phaeographis inusta LC<br />
Polyblastia agraria LC<br />
Ramalina fraxinea LC<br />
Rinodina roboris var. roboris LC<br />
Schismatomma umbrinum LC<br />
Stenocybe septata [F] LC<br />
Strigula taylorii LC<br />
Table 9. Species with British populations <strong>of</strong> international importance.<br />
A very crude assessment <strong>of</strong> responsibility within Britain has also been made by<br />
comparing the number <strong>of</strong> hectads occupied by each taxon in <strong>Wales</strong> with those in Britain.<br />
From the total British figure, a simple proportion <strong>of</strong> hectads that occur in <strong>Wales</strong> was<br />
calculated. Where possible, adjustments have been made for hectads that straddle the<br />
English-<strong>Welsh</strong> border. Any taxon for which <strong>Wales</strong> has 20% or more <strong>of</strong> the GB population<br />
whether threatened or not in <strong>Wales</strong> is listed in Table 10.<br />
30
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Taxon <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> % <strong>of</strong> GB<br />
Data <strong>List</strong> Population<br />
Placynthium hungaricum DD 100?<br />
Arthothelium spectabile EX 100<br />
Buellia spuria DD 100<br />
Cladonia alpina LC 100<br />
Cryptothele rhodosticta DD 100<br />
Epigloea filifera DD 100<br />
Gyalideopsis crenulata DD 100<br />
Lepraria nylanderiana DD 100<br />
Placynthium anemoideum EX? 100<br />
Porpidia ochrolemma DD 100<br />
Staurothele rufa EN 100<br />
Thelocarpon saxicola DD 100<br />
Trapeliopsis aene<strong>of</strong>usca DD 100<br />
Gyalidea subscutellaris NT 92<br />
Lecanora strobilina VU 83<br />
Protoparmelia atriseda NT 83<br />
Verrucaria pachyderma DD 82<br />
Porina byssophila VU 80<br />
Placynthiella hyporhoda VU 80<br />
Vezdaea cobria LC 80<br />
Parmotrema robustum CR 75<br />
Cladonia azorica LC 73<br />
Vezdaea acicularis NT 71<br />
Coppinsia minutissima LC 69<br />
Buellia hyperbolica EN 67<br />
Endocarpon adscendens CR 67<br />
Aspicilia intermutans DD 67<br />
Aspicilia recedens DD 67<br />
Cladonia peziziformis NT 67<br />
Lecidea endomelaena NT 67<br />
Verrucaria bulgarica LC 67<br />
Absconditella celata DD 66<br />
Bacidia fuscoviridis LC 66?<br />
Vezdaea rheocarpa LC 65<br />
Absconditella trivialis NT 63<br />
Tephromela pertusarioides DD 63<br />
Lecanora gisleriana VU 60<br />
Melaspilea interjecta DD 60<br />
Polyblastia philaea DD 60<br />
Pyrenopsis impolita DD 60<br />
Rinodina immersa DD 60<br />
Porina guentheri var. lucens LC 58<br />
Epigloea medioincrassata DD 57<br />
Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola LC 56<br />
Rhizocarpon furfurosum NT 56<br />
Rhizocarpon cinereovirens NT 55<br />
Rhizocarpon anaperum VU 50<br />
Stereocaulon glareosum VU 50<br />
Caloplaca atr<strong>of</strong>lava DD 50<br />
Cladonia norvegica DD 50<br />
Lecanora ochroidea LC 50<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong>omphalia velutina LC 50<br />
Micarea globulosella DD 50<br />
Polyblastia quartzina VU 50<br />
Ramalina polymorpha NT 50<br />
31
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Taxon <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> % <strong>of</strong> GB<br />
Data <strong>List</strong> Population<br />
Rhizocarpon submodestum DD 50<br />
Rinodina conradii LC 50<br />
Schaereria corticola CR 50<br />
Thelocarpon impressellum LC 50<br />
Thelocarpon robustum DD 50<br />
Verrucaria madida DD 50<br />
Leptogium palmatum LC 49<br />
Parmelinopsis horrescens NT 49<br />
Arthonia ligniaria LC 47<br />
Lecidea swartzioidea LC 47<br />
Leptogium intermedium LC 47<br />
Lecanactis dilleniana LC 46<br />
Lecanora semipallida LC 46<br />
Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes NT 45<br />
Pterygiopsis lacustris VU 44<br />
Collema fragile NT 44<br />
Toninia thiopsora LC 44<br />
Anisomeridium robustum NT 43<br />
Caloplaca herbidella VU 43<br />
Gyalecta biformis VU 43<br />
Leptogium subtile LC 43<br />
Scoliciosporum curvatum LC 43<br />
Verrucaria internigrescens LC 43<br />
Caloplaca alociza LC 42<br />
Caloplaca lucifuga VU 42<br />
Ephebe hispidula DD 42<br />
Polysporina lapponica LC 42<br />
Lecidea fuliginosa LC 41<br />
Sarcosagium campestre var. macrosporum NT 41<br />
Thrombium epigaeum LC 41<br />
Degelia ligulata VU 40<br />
Protoparmeliopsis achariana EN 40<br />
Lecidea promixta LC 40<br />
Micarea farinosa DD 40<br />
Polyblastia agraria LC 40<br />
Umbilicaria hirsuta NT 40<br />
Verrucaria bryoctona LC 40<br />
Verrucaria latericola DD 40<br />
Xerotrema quercicola LC 40<br />
Collemopsidium elegans LC 39<br />
Rhizocarpon infernulum f. infernulum LC 39<br />
Rimularia insularis LC 39<br />
Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia VU 38<br />
Caloplaca obliterans LC 38<br />
Lecania suavis DD 38<br />
Porocyphus kenmorensis NT 38<br />
Caloplaca maritima LC 37<br />
Lecanora handelii NT 37<br />
Placopsis lambii LC 37<br />
Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum NT 36<br />
Arthonia atlantica NT 36<br />
Leptogium diffractum NT 36<br />
Rinodina isidioides NT 36<br />
Mycoblastus affinis VU 35<br />
Steinia geophana LC 34<br />
32
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Taxon <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> % <strong>of</strong> GB<br />
Data <strong>List</strong> Population<br />
Dirina massiliensis f. massiliensis VU 33<br />
Microcalicium ahlneri VU 33<br />
Rinodina milvina VU 33<br />
Strigula stigmatella var. stigmatella CR 33<br />
Buellia sequax LC 33<br />
Calicium adspersum CR 33<br />
Dermatocarpon rivulorum DD 33<br />
Epigloea bactrospora DD 33<br />
Fellhanera duplex DD 33<br />
Fulgensia fulgens EN 33<br />
Fuscidea mollis VU 33<br />
Lecania nylanderiana DD 33<br />
Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DD 33<br />
Rhizocarpon intermediellum VU 33<br />
Rhizocarpon superficiale VU 33<br />
Rinodina occulta NT 33<br />
Rinodina roboris var. armeriicola NT 33<br />
Thelocarpon opertum DD 33<br />
Thelocarpon superellum DD 33<br />
Usnea glabrata DD 33<br />
Thelidium pluvium NT 32<br />
Pyrenopsis subareolata LC 32<br />
Amygdalaria consentiens NT 31<br />
Absconditella delutula LC 31<br />
Lithographa tesserata LC 31<br />
Melaspilea granitophila LC 31<br />
Lecanora sublivescens NT 30<br />
Phaeographis inusta LC 30<br />
Synalissa symphorea VU 30<br />
Verrucaria calciseda LC 30<br />
Caloplaca asserigena LC 29<br />
Micarea coppinsii LC 29<br />
Placynthium tremniacum DD 29<br />
Rinodina orculariopsis LC 29<br />
Thelocarpon pallidum DD 29<br />
Porpidia melinodes LC 28<br />
Rimularia intercedens LC 28<br />
Graphina pauciloculata EN 27<br />
Miriquidica lulensis VU 27<br />
Rhizocarpon badioatrum VU 27<br />
Stereocaulon condensatum NT 27<br />
Collemopsidium orustense LC 27<br />
Micarea viridileprosa LC 27<br />
Nephroma tangeriense DD 27<br />
Porocyphus leptogiella NT 27<br />
Ramalina portuensis DD 27<br />
Lecidea ahlesii LC 26<br />
Porina ahlesiana NT 26<br />
Porocyphus coccodes LC 26<br />
Lemmopsis arnoldiana VU 25<br />
Leptogium subtorulosum EN 25<br />
Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR 25<br />
Xanthoparmelia tinctina EN 25<br />
Agonimia repleta DD 25<br />
Bacidia circumspecta VU 25<br />
33
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Taxon <strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> % <strong>of</strong> GB<br />
Data <strong>List</strong> Population<br />
Caloplaca chrysophthalma DD 25<br />
Catapyrenium rufescens DD 25<br />
Collema undulatum var. granulosum DD 25<br />
Fellhanera viridisorediata DD 25<br />
Gyalidea lecideopsis EN 25<br />
Lecanora rugosella DD 25<br />
Melaspilea amota DD 25<br />
Micarea submilliaria VU 25<br />
Micarea subviridescens LC 25<br />
Parmelina quercina VU 25<br />
Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides VU 25<br />
Stereocaulon symphycheilum VU 25<br />
Polyblastia inumbrata DD 24<br />
Teloschistes flavicans VU 23<br />
Lecanora quercicola VU 22<br />
Collemopsidium angermannicum NT 22<br />
Rinodina flavosoralifera NT 22<br />
Stereocaulon delisei VU 21<br />
Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LC 21<br />
Porina rosei NT 21<br />
Schismatomma umbrinum LC 21<br />
Collema parvum VU 20<br />
Mycomicrothelia atlantica VU 20<br />
Thelidium impressum VU 20<br />
Thermutis velutina VU 20<br />
Caloplaca irrubescens DD 20<br />
Pertusaria melanochlora EN 20<br />
Placynthium dolichoterum VU 20<br />
Placynthium subradiatum LC 20<br />
Porina grandis VU 20<br />
Rhizocarpon amphibium DD 20<br />
Rhizocarpon simillimum DD 20<br />
Rinodina aspersa NT 20<br />
Staurothele guestphalica DD 20<br />
Table 10. Threatened <strong>Welsh</strong> taxa for which <strong>Wales</strong> has 20% or more <strong>of</strong> total GB hectads, in<br />
order <strong>of</strong> decreasing proportion.<br />
34
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
8. <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong><br />
for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
See section 6 for an explanation <strong>of</strong> the columns (page 14).<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Taxon<br />
Absconditella celata DD LC NR 66<br />
Absconditella delutula LC LC NS 31<br />
Absconditella lignicola DD LC NR<br />
Absconditella trivialis NT LC NR 63<br />
Acarospora badi<strong>of</strong>usca VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Acarospora benedarensis DD DD NR E S ?<br />
Acarospora fuscata LC LC<br />
Acarospora glaucocarpa LC LC NS<br />
Acarospora impressula LC LC<br />
Acarospora macrospora ssp. macrospora RE NT NR<br />
Acarospora nitrophila LC DD NR<br />
Acarospora rufescens DD LC<br />
Acarospora sinopica LC LC<br />
Acarospora smaragdula LC LC<br />
Acarospora umbilicata LC LC NS<br />
Acarospora veronensis LC LC NS<br />
Acarospora verruciformis DD DD NR<br />
Acrocordia conoidea LC LC<br />
Acrocordia gemmata LC LC<br />
Acrocordia macrospora NT LC NS<br />
Acrocordia salweyi LC LC<br />
Adelolecia pilati DD DD NR<br />
Agonimia allobata NT LC NS<br />
Agonimia gelatinosa LC LC NS<br />
Agonimia globulifera DD LC NS 33<br />
Agonimia octospora VU D1 NT NS IR<br />
Agonimia opuntiella DD DD NR<br />
Agonimia repleta DD DD NR 25<br />
Agonimia tristicula LC LC<br />
Ainoa mooreana NT LC NS S<br />
Alectoria nigricans VU D1 LC S<br />
Allantoparmelia alpicola VU D1 LC NS S<br />
Amandinea coniops LC LC NS<br />
Amandinea lecideina LC LC ?NS<br />
Amandinea punctata LC LC<br />
35
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Amygdalaria consentiens NT LC NS S 31<br />
Amygdalaria pelobotryon LC LC S<br />
Anaptychia ciliaris ssp. ciliaris EN C2ai EN P*<br />
Anaptychia ciliaris ssp. mamillata NT NT NS<br />
Anaptychia runcinata LC LC<br />
Anisomeridium biforme LC LC<br />
Anisomeridium polypori LC LC<br />
Anisomeridium ranunculosporum LC LC<br />
Anisomeridium robustum NT LC NR ?E 43<br />
Anisomeridium viridescens LC LC NS IR<br />
Arctoparmelia incurva LC LC<br />
Arthonia anombrophila NT LC NS IR?<br />
Arthonia arthonioides LC LC NS<br />
Arthonia astroidestera NT NT NS IR N<br />
Arthonia atlantica NT NT NR ?E N 36 P*<br />
Arthonia cinnabarina LC LC<br />
Arthonia didyma LC LC<br />
Arthonia elegans LC LC<br />
Arthonia endlicheri LC LC ?NS<br />
Arthonia ilicina LC LC IR<br />
Arthonia lapidicola LC LC<br />
Arthonia leucopellaea LC LC NS<br />
Arthonia ligniaria LC LC NS 47<br />
Arthonia ligniariella VU D1 LC NR<br />
Arthonia mediella VU D1 LC NS<br />
Arthonia muscigena LC LC NS<br />
Arthonia phaeobaea LC LC NS<br />
Arthonia pruinata LC LC<br />
Arthonia punctiformis [F] LC LC<br />
Arthonia punctilliformis [F] EX? NE NR E<br />
Arthonia radiata LC LC<br />
Arthonia spadicea LC LC<br />
Arthonia stellaris LC LC NS<br />
Arthonia vinosa NT LC<br />
Arthonia zwackhii VU D1 NT NR<br />
Arthopyrenia analepta [F] LC LC<br />
Arthopyrenia atractospora DD NT NR<br />
Arthopyrenia carneobrunneola VU D1 LC NS ?E S<br />
Arthopyrenia cerasi [F] NT LC NS<br />
Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa [F] LC LC<br />
Arthopyrenia fraxini [F] LC LC NS<br />
Arthopyrenia nitescens LC LC NS ?E S<br />
Arthopyrenia punctiformis [F] LC LC<br />
Arthopyrenia salicis LC LC<br />
Arthopyrenia saxicola LC LC NS<br />
Arthothelium ruanum LC LC NS<br />
Arthothelium spectabile EX EX 100<br />
Arthrorhaphis citrinella LC LC<br />
Aspicilia aquatica DD DD NR<br />
Aspicilia caesiocinerea LC LC<br />
Aspicilia calcarea LC LC<br />
36
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Aspicilia cinerea LC LC<br />
Aspicilia contorta ssp. contorta LC LC<br />
Aspicilia epiglypta LC LC NS<br />
Aspicilia grisea LC LC<br />
Aspicilia intermutans DD DD NR S 67<br />
Aspicilia laevata LC LC NS<br />
Aspicilia leprosescens LC LC<br />
Aspicilia radiosa LC LC<br />
Aspicilia recedens DD DD NR S 67<br />
Aspicilia subdepressa DD DD NR<br />
Atla wheldonii NT NT NS E S<br />
Bacidia absistens VU D1 LC<br />
Bacidia adastra LC LC NR W<br />
Bacidia arceutina LC LC<br />
Bacidia arnoldiana LC LC<br />
Bacidia bagliettoana LC LC<br />
Bacidia biatorina NT LC<br />
Bacidia caligans LC LC NS<br />
Bacidia carneoglauca LC LC NS S<br />
Bacidia chloroticula LC LC NS<br />
Bacidia circumspecta VU D1 VU NS 25 P*<br />
Bacidia delicata LC LC<br />
Bacidia egenula LC LC NS<br />
Bacidia friesiana VU ? D2 LC NS<br />
Bacidia fuscoviridis LC LC NS 66?<br />
Bacidia herbarum VU D2 DD NS<br />
Bacidia incompta CR A2 VU P*<br />
Bacidia inundata LC LC<br />
Bacidia laurocerasi LC LC<br />
Bacidia phacodes LC LC<br />
Bacidia polychroa EX EX<br />
Bacidia rubella LC LC<br />
Bacidia saxenii LC LC NS<br />
Bacidia scopulicola LC LC<br />
Bacidia squamellosa DD LC NS<br />
Bacidia subincompta RE VU NS S P<br />
Bacidia trachona LC LC NS<br />
Bacidia viridescens LC LC NS<br />
Bacidia viridifarinosa LC LC<br />
Bactrospora corticola NT LC NS<br />
Baeomyces carneus DD DD NR S?<br />
Baeomyces placophyllus LC LC<br />
Baeomyces rufus LC LC<br />
Belonia incarnata NT LC NS<br />
Belonia nidarosiensis LC LC<br />
Belonia russula VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Biatora britannica DD LC NR W<br />
Biatora chrysantha NT LC NS<br />
Biatora globulosa CR D1 NT NS S<br />
Biatora vernalis NT LC NS<br />
Biatoridium delitescens CR D1 VU NR S<br />
37
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Biatoridium monasteriense CR B1a,D EN NR S P*<br />
Bilimbia lobulata LC LC<br />
Bilimbia sabuletorum LC LC<br />
Blarneya hibernica CR B1a,D NT NR IR N P*<br />
Botryolepraria lesdainii LC LC<br />
Bryophagus gloeocapsa LC LC NS<br />
Bryoria bicolor VU C1 LC NS<br />
Bryoria chalybeiformis VU C1 LC NS<br />
Bryoria fuscescens var. fuscescens VU C1 LC<br />
Bryoria smithii RE? CR NR P*<br />
Bryoria subcana LC LC<br />
Buellia aethalea LC LC<br />
Buellia badia LC LC NS W<br />
Buellia disciformis LC LC<br />
Buellia erubescens NT LC NS<br />
Buellia griseovirens LC LC<br />
Buellia hyperbolica EN B1a,D VU NR 67 P*<br />
Buellia leptocline LC LC NR<br />
Buellia leptoclinoides DD LC NR<br />
Buellia ocellata LC LC<br />
Buellia pulverea LC LC NS<br />
Buellia schaereri LC LC<br />
Buellia sequax LC LC NS 33<br />
Buellia spuria DD DD NR 100<br />
Buellia stellulata LC LC ?NS<br />
Buellia subdisciformis LC LC<br />
Buellia uberior DD DD NR<br />
Bunodophoron melanocarpum NT LC<br />
Byssoloma marginatum LC LC NS<br />
Byssoloma subdiscordans EN B1a,D NT NR N<br />
Calicium adspersum CR D1 CR NR 33 P*<br />
Calicium glaucellum LC LC<br />
Calicium lenticulare LC LC NS IR<br />
Calicium quercinum EX EX<br />
Calicium salicinum LC LC<br />
Calicium viride LC LC<br />
Caloplaca alociza LC LC NS 42<br />
Caloplaca arcis DD LC NS<br />
Caloplaca arenaria LC LC NS<br />
Caloplaca arnoldii LC LC NS<br />
Caloplaca asserigena LC LC NS 29<br />
Caloplaca atr<strong>of</strong>lava DD CR NR 50 P*<br />
Caloplaca aurantia LC LC<br />
Caloplaca britannica DD DD NR ?E<br />
Caloplaca ceracea LC LC<br />
Caloplaca cerina var. cerina LC LC<br />
Caloplaca cerina var. chloroleuca DD LC NS<br />
Caloplaca cerinella LC LC<br />
Caloplaca cerinelloides DD LC NS<br />
Caloplaca chalybaea LC LC NS<br />
Caloplaca chlorina LC LC<br />
38
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Caloplaca chrysodeta LC LC<br />
Caloplaca cirrochroa LC LC<br />
Caloplaca citrina LC LC<br />
Caloplaca crenularia LC LC<br />
Caloplaca crenulatella LC LC<br />
Caloplaca dalmatica LC LC<br />
Caloplaca decipiens LC LC<br />
Caloplaca dichroa DD DD NR<br />
Caloplaca ferruginea DD LC IR<br />
Caloplaca flavescens LC LC<br />
Caloplaca flavocitrina LC LC<br />
Caloplaca flavorubescens CR D1 EN NS P*<br />
Caloplaca flavovirescens LC LC<br />
Caloplaca granulosa NT NT NR<br />
Caloplaca herbidella VU D2 VU NR 43 P*<br />
Caloplaca holocarpa LC LC<br />
Caloplaca irrubescens DD DD NR 20<br />
Caloplaca lactea LC LC<br />
Caloplaca littorea LC LC NS<br />
Caloplaca lucifuga VU D1 VU NR 42 P*<br />
Caloplaca luteoalba CR B2a EN NS P* S8<br />
Caloplaca marina LC LC<br />
Caloplaca maritima LC LC NS 37<br />
Caloplaca microthallina LC LC<br />
Caloplaca obliterans LC LC NS S 38<br />
Caloplaca obscurella LC LC<br />
Caloplaca ochracea LC LC NS<br />
Caloplaca phlogina DD NE ?NS<br />
Caloplaca polycarpa DD LC NR<br />
Caloplaca ruderum LC LC<br />
Caloplaca saxicola LC LC<br />
Caloplaca scopularis NT NT NS S<br />
Caloplaca sorediella DD DD NR 25<br />
Caloplaca teicholyta LC LC<br />
Caloplaca thallincola LC LC<br />
Caloplaca ulcerosa LC LC<br />
Caloplaca variabilis LC LC<br />
Caloplaca verruculifera LC LC<br />
Caloplaca vitellinula DD NE NR<br />
Caloplaca xantholyta LC LC<br />
Calvitimela aglaea LC LC NS<br />
Candelaria concolor LC LC<br />
Candelariella aurella f. aurella LC LC<br />
Candelariella coralliza LC LC<br />
Candelariella medians f. medians LC LC<br />
Candelariella reflexa LC LC<br />
Candelariella vitellina f. vitellina LC LC<br />
Candelariella xanthostigma LC LC<br />
Carbonea vorticosa DD LC NS S<br />
Catapyrenium cinereum LC LC NS<br />
Catapyrenium psoromoides RE CR NR P S8<br />
39
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Catapyrenium rufescens DD DD NR 25<br />
Catillaria aphana VU D2 NT NR X<br />
Catillaria atomarioides LC LC NS<br />
Catillaria chalybeia var. chalybeia LC LC<br />
Catillaria chalybeia var. chloropoliza DD NE ?<br />
Catillaria contristans VU D1 LC NS S<br />
Catillaria lenticularis LC LC<br />
Catillaria nigroclavata DD LC NS<br />
Catillaria scotinodes NT LC NS S<br />
Catillaria subviridis DD VU NR S X<br />
Catinaria atropurpurea NT LC<br />
Celothelium ischnobelum LC LC<br />
Cetraria aculeata LC LC<br />
Cetraria ericetorum RE LC NS S<br />
Cetraria islandica ssp. islandica NT LC<br />
Cetraria muricata LC LC<br />
Cetraria sepincola VU A2 LC S<br />
Cetrelia olivetorum s. lat. NT LC<br />
Cetrariella commixta NT LC NS S<br />
Chaenotheca brachypoda VU D1 LC NS<br />
Chaenotheca brunneola LC LC<br />
Chaenotheca chlorella EN D NT NS<br />
Chaenotheca chrysocephala LC LC<br />
Chaenotheca ferruginea LC LC<br />
Chaenotheca furfuracea LC LC<br />
Chaenotheca hispidula LC LC NS<br />
Chaenotheca phaeocephala EX? CR NR P*<br />
Chaenotheca stemonea VU D1 LC NS<br />
Chaenotheca trichialis LC LC<br />
Chaenothecopsis nigra LC LC NS<br />
Chaenothecopsis savonica VU D2 NT NR<br />
Chrysothrix candelaris LC LC<br />
Chrysothrix chlorina NT LC NS<br />
Chrysothrix flavovirens LC LC<br />
Cladonia alpina LC DD NR 100<br />
Cladonia arbuscula ssp. squarrosa LC LC<br />
Cladonia azorica LC LC NS 73<br />
Cladonia bellidiflora LC LC<br />
Cladonia borealis DD DD NR S<br />
Cladonia caespiticia LC LC<br />
Cladonia callosa DD LC NS<br />
Cladonia cariosa DD LC NS<br />
Cladonia cervicornis ssp. cervicornis LC LC<br />
Cladonia cervicornis ssp. verticillata LC LC<br />
Cladonia chlorophaea s. lat. LC LC<br />
Cladonia ciliata var. ciliata LC LC<br />
Cladonia ciliata var. tenuis LC LC<br />
Cladonia coniocraea LC LC<br />
Cladonia cornuta LC LC<br />
Cladonia crispata var. cetrariiformis LC LC<br />
Cladonia crispata var. crispata DD NE NR S<br />
40
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Cladonia cyathomorpha LC LC NS<br />
Cladonia digitata LC LC<br />
Cladonia diversa LC LC<br />
Cladonia fimbriata LC LC<br />
Cladonia firma LC LC NS<br />
Cladonia floerkeana LC LC<br />
Cladonia foliacea LC LC<br />
Cladonia furcata ssp. furcata LC LC<br />
Cladonia furcata ssp. subrangiformis LC LC<br />
Cladonia glauca LC LC<br />
Cladonia gracilis LC LC<br />
Cladonia humilis LC LC<br />
Cladonia incrassata NT LC NS<br />
Cladonia luteoalba LC LC<br />
Cladonia macilenta LC LC<br />
Cladonia macrophylla VU D2 LC NS<br />
Cladonia mediterranea DD CR NR P<br />
Cladonia norvegica DD DD NR 50<br />
Cladonia ochrochlora LC LC<br />
Cladonia parasitica LC LC<br />
Cladonia peziziformis NT CR NR 67 P*<br />
Cladonia pocillum LC LC<br />
Cladonia polydactyla var. polydactyla LC LC<br />
Cladonia portentosa LC LC<br />
Cladonia pyxidata LC LC<br />
Cladonia ramulosa LC LC<br />
Cladonia rangiferina NT LC S<br />
Cladonia rangiformis LC LC<br />
Cladonia scabriuscula LC LC<br />
Cladonia squamosa var. squamosa LC LC<br />
Cladonia squamosa var. subsquamosa LC LC<br />
Cladonia strepsilis LC LC<br />
Cladonia stygia VU D2 DD NR S<br />
Cladonia subcervicornis LC LC<br />
Cladonia subulata LC LC<br />
Cladonia sulphurina VU D2 LC S<br />
Cladonia symphycarpia DD LC NS<br />
Cladonia uncialis ssp. biuncialis LC LC<br />
Cladonia uncialis ssp. uncialis VU D2 NT NR<br />
Claurouxia chalybeioides LC LC NS<br />
Clauzadia condrodes DD DD NR 33<br />
Clauzadea immersa LC LC<br />
Clauzadea metzleri LC LC NS<br />
Clauzadea monticola LC LC<br />
Clauzadeana macula LC LC NS<br />
Cliostomum corrugatum DD VU NR<br />
Cliostomum griffithii LC LC<br />
Cliostomum tenerum LC LC<br />
Coccotrema citrinescens VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Collema auriforme LC LC<br />
Collema callopismum var. callopismum VU D2 DD NR<br />
41
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Collema crispum var. crispum LC LC<br />
Collema cristatum var. cristatum LC LC<br />
Collema dichotomum EN A4,B2b VU NS P* S8<br />
Collema fasciculare CR NT NS IR S P*<br />
Collema flaccidum LC LC<br />
Collema fragile NT VU NR 44 P*<br />
Collema fragrans RE? EN NS IR *<br />
Collema furfuraceum NT LC<br />
Collema fuscovirens LC LC<br />
Collema glebulentum NT LC NS S<br />
Collema limosum LC LC NS<br />
Collema multipartitum LC LC NS<br />
Collema nigrescens VU D2 NT NS<br />
Collema occultatum VU D2 NT NS<br />
Collema parvum VU D2 VU NR 20<br />
Collema polycarpon LC LC NS<br />
Collema subflaccidum LC LC<br />
Collema subnigrescens CR D1 DD NR<br />
Collema tenax var. ceranoides LC LC<br />
Collema tenax var. corallinum LC NE ?<br />
Collema tenax var. tenax LC LC<br />
Collema tenax var. vulgare LC LC<br />
Collema undulatum var. granulosum DD DD NR 25<br />
Collema undulatum var. undulatum DD DD NR S<br />
Collemopsidium angermannicum NT NT NS 22<br />
Collemopsidium caesium DD NT NR S 25<br />
Collemopsidium elegans LC LC NS 39<br />
Collemopsidium foveolatum LC LC ?<br />
Collemopsidium halodytes LC LC<br />
Collemopsidium monense LC LC NS<br />
Collemopsidium orustense LC LC NS 27<br />
Coppinsia minutissima LC LC NS 69<br />
Cornicularia normoerica LC LC<br />
Cresponea premnea var. premnea NT LC IR<br />
Cresponea premnea var. saxicola DD NE ?<br />
Cryptolechia carneolutea VU D2 EN NS IR P<br />
Cryptothele rhodosticta DD DD NR IR 100<br />
Cyphelium inquinans LC LC<br />
Cyrtidula quercus [F] LC LC<br />
Cystocoleus ebeneus LC LC<br />
Degelia atlantica VU A2,D1 LC IR<br />
Degelia ligulata VU D2 VU NR IR 40<br />
Degelia plumbea VU A2,D1 LC IR<br />
Dermatocarpon intestiniforme LC LC<br />
Dermatocarpon leptophyllodes NT LC NS 45<br />
Dermatocarpon luridum LC LC<br />
Dermatocarpon meiophyllizum NT LC NS 36<br />
Dermatocarpon miniatum var. miniatum LC LC<br />
Dermatocarpon rivulorum DD DD NR S 33<br />
Dibaeis baeomyces LC LC<br />
Dictyonema interruptum RE DD NR<br />
42
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Dimerella lutea NT LC<br />
Dimerella pineti LC LC<br />
Diploicia canescens LC LC<br />
Diploschistes caesioplumbeus LC LC NS<br />
Diploschistes gypsaceus NT LC NS<br />
Diploschistes muscorum LC LC<br />
Diploschistes scruposus LC LC<br />
Diplotomma alboatrum LC LC<br />
Diplotomma chlorophaeum LC LC<br />
Dirina massiliensis f. massiliensis VU D2 NT NS 33<br />
Dirina massiliensis f. sorediata LC LC<br />
Endocarpon adscendens CR D1 EN NR 67 P*<br />
Endocarpon pusillum EN B1a,D NT NR<br />
Enterographa crassa LC LC<br />
Enterographa hutchinsiae LC LC<br />
Eopyrenula avellanae [F] DD LC NS IR<br />
Eopyrenula grandicula [F] LC LC NS IR<br />
Ephebe hispidula DD NT NR 42<br />
Ephebe lanata LC LC<br />
Eiglera flavida DD LC NS S<br />
Epigloea bactrospora DD LC NR S 33<br />
Epigloea filifera DD LC NR 100<br />
Epigloea medioincrassata DD LC NR 57<br />
Epigloea soleiformis LC LC NS<br />
Epiphloea byssina DD LC NR<br />
Euopsis granatina DD DD NS<br />
Evernia prunastri LC LC<br />
Farnoldia jurana LC LC NS<br />
Fellhanera bouteillei LC LC NS<br />
Fellhanera duplex DD DD NR 33<br />
Fellhanera ochracea DD LC NR<br />
Fellhanera subtilis LC LC NR<br />
Fellhanera viridisorediata DD DD NR 25<br />
Fellhaneropsis myrtillicola LC LC NR 56<br />
Fellhaneropsis vezdae LC LC<br />
Flavoparmelia caperata LC LC<br />
Flavoparmelia soredians LC LC<br />
Frutidella caesioatra VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Fulgensia fulgens EN D EN NR 33 P*<br />
Fuscidea austera DD NT NS S<br />
Fuscidea cyathoides var. cyathoides LC LC<br />
Fuscidea cyathoides var. sorediata LC NE NR<br />
Fuscidea gothoburgensis LC LC NS<br />
Fuscidea intercincta NT LC NS S<br />
Fuscidea kochiana LC LC<br />
Fuscidea lightfootii LC LC<br />
Fuscidea lygaea LC LC<br />
Fuscidea mollis VU D2 DD NR S 33<br />
Fuscidea praeruptorum LC LC<br />
Fuscidea recensa LC LC<br />
Fuscopannaria mediterranea VU D1 LC NS<br />
43
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Fuscopannaria sampaiana EN D1 NT NS IR P*<br />
Gomphillus calycioides EN D1 NT NS IR S P*<br />
Graphina anguina LC LC<br />
Graphina pauciloculata EN D VU NR E 27 P*<br />
Graphina ruiziana LC LC NS IR<br />
Graphis elegans LC LC<br />
Graphis scripta LC LC<br />
Gregorella humida LC LC NR<br />
Gyalecta biformis VU D2 DD NR 43<br />
Gyalecta derivata LC LC NS<br />
Gyalecta flotowii LC NT NS *<br />
Gyalecta foveolaris EN D NT NR S<br />
Gyalecta jenensis var. jenensis LC LC<br />
Gyalecta truncigena LC LC<br />
Gyalidea fritzei EN D NT NR S<br />
Gyalidea lecideopsis EN D DD NR 25<br />
Gyalidea subscutellaris NT NT NR 92<br />
Gyalideopsis crenulata DD DD NR E 100<br />
Gyalideopsis muscicola LC LC NS IR<br />
Haematomma ochroleucum var. ochroleucum LC LC<br />
Haematomma ochroleucum var. porphyrium LC LC<br />
Halecania ralfsii LC LC NS<br />
Halecania spodomela NT LC NR<br />
Halecania viridescens LC LC NS<br />
Herteliana gagei LC LC NS<br />
Heterodermia japonica VU D2 NT NS X<br />
Heterodermia leucomela VU D2 EN NR IR N P* S8<br />
Hymenelia epulotica NT LC NS<br />
Hymenelia heteromorpha VU D2 VU NR S<br />
Hymenelia prevostii LC LC NS<br />
Hyperphyscia adglutinata LC LC<br />
Hypocenomyce caradocensis LC LC<br />
Hypocenomyce friesii NT LC NS S<br />
Hypocenomyce scalaris LC LC<br />
Hypogymnia physodes LC LC<br />
Hypogymnia tubulosa LC LC<br />
Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta DD NE NR<br />
Hypotrachyna britannica LC LC<br />
Hypotrachyna endochlora LC LC NS IR<br />
Hypotrachyna laevigata LC LC<br />
Hypotrachyna revoluta LC LC<br />
Hypotrachyna sinuosa NT LC IR<br />
Hypotrachyna taylorensis NT LC IR<br />
Icmadophila ericetorum LC LC<br />
Immersaria athroocarpa LC LC NS<br />
Imshaugia aleurites LC LC<br />
Ionaspis lacustris LC LC<br />
Ionaspis odora VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Ionaspis suaveolens VU D2 DD NR S<br />
Jamesiella anastomosans LC LC<br />
Jamesiella scotica DD NT NS E S P<br />
44
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Japewiella tavaresiana LC LC<br />
Koerberiella wimmeriana VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Lasallia pustulata LC LC<br />
Lecanactis abietina LC LC<br />
Lecanactis dilleniana LC LC NS 46<br />
Lecanactis latebrarum NT LC NR<br />
Lecanactis subabietina LC LC IR<br />
Lecania aipospila LC LC NS<br />
Lecania atrynoides LC LC NS<br />
Lecania baeomma LC LC NS<br />
Lecania chlorotiza NT NT NS IR P*<br />
Lecania cuprea LC LC NS<br />
Lecania cyrtella LC LC<br />
Lecania cyrtellina LC LC NS<br />
Lecania erysibe LC LC<br />
Lecania fructigena DD LC NR<br />
Lecania hutchinsiae LC LC<br />
Lecania naegelii LC LC<br />
Lecania nylanderiana DD DD NR 33<br />
Lecania rabenhorstii LC LC NS<br />
Lecania suavis DD DD NR 38<br />
Lecania sylvestris DD LC NS<br />
Lecania turicensis LC LC<br />
Lecanographa amylacea EN D VU NS IR P*<br />
Lecanographa lyncea EN D LC IR<br />
Lecanora achariana EN D CR NR S 40 P* S8<br />
Lecanora actophila LC LC<br />
Lecanora agardhiana LC DD NR<br />
Lecanora aitema var. aitema LC LC<br />
Lecanora albellula LC LC NS<br />
Lecanora albescens LC LC<br />
Lecanora alb<strong>of</strong>lavida LC LC<br />
Lecanora andrewii LC LC NS<br />
Lecanora argentata LC LC NS<br />
Lecanora barkmanniana DD LC NS<br />
Lecanora caesiosora DD LC NS S<br />
Lecanora campestris ssp. campestris LC LC<br />
Lecanora carpinea LC LC<br />
Lecanora cenisia var. cenisia VU D2 LC NR S 38<br />
Lecanora chlarotera LC LC<br />
Lecanora compallens DD LC NS<br />
Lecanora conferta LC LC<br />
Lecanora confusa LC LC<br />
Lecanora conizaeoides f. conizaeoides LC LC<br />
Lecanora conizaeoides f. variola DD NE ?<br />
Lecanora crenulata LC LC<br />
Lecanora dispersa LC LC<br />
Lecanora epanora LC L<br />
Lecanora expallens LC LC<br />
Lecanora fugiens LC LC<br />
Lecanora gangaleoides LC LC<br />
45
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Lecanora gisleriana VU D2 DD NR 60<br />
Lecanora hagenii LC NE<br />
Lecanora handelii NT NT NS 37<br />
Lecanora helicopis LC LC<br />
Lecanora horiza VU D2 NT NS<br />
Lecanora intricata LC LC<br />
Lecanora intumescens LC LC<br />
Lecanora jamesii LC LC<br />
Lecanora muralis LC LC<br />
Lecanora ochroidea LC DD NR N 50<br />
Lecanora orosthea LC LC<br />
Lecanora persimilis DD LC NS<br />
Lecanora poliophaea LC LC<br />
Lecanora polytropa LC LC<br />
Lecanora praepostera LC LC NS<br />
Lecanora pulicaris LC LC<br />
Lecanora quercicola VU D2 VU NS IR 22 P*<br />
Lecanora rugosella DD DD NR 25<br />
Lecanora rupicola var. efflorens DD LC NS S<br />
Lecanora rupicola var. rupicola LC LC<br />
Lecanora saligna LC LC<br />
Lecanora sambuci LC LC NS<br />
Lecanora semipallida LC LC NS 46<br />
Lecanora soralifera LC LC<br />
Lecanora stenotropa LC LC<br />
Lecanora strobilina VU D2 VU NR 83<br />
Lecanora subaurea NT LC NS<br />
Lecanora subcarnea LC LC NS<br />
Lecanora sublivescens NT NT NS IR 30 P*<br />
Lecanora sulphurea LC LC<br />
Lecanora symmicta LC LC<br />
Lecanora varia LC LC<br />
Lecanora zosteri DD LC NS<br />
Lecidea ahlesii LC LC NS 26<br />
Lecidea auriculata DD LC NS<br />
Lecidea berengeriana VU D2 DD NS S<br />
Lecidea commaculans RE DD NR<br />
Lecidea confluens LC LC NS<br />
Lecidea diducens LC LC NS<br />
Lecidea doliiformis LC LC NS<br />
Lecidea endomelaena NT DD NR S 67<br />
Lecidea erythrophaea DD VU NR<br />
Lecidea fuliginosa LC LC NS 41<br />
Lecidea fuscoatra LC LC<br />
Lecidea hypnorum VU D2 DD ?NS<br />
Lecidea hypopta LC LC NS<br />
Lecidea lactea LC LC<br />
Lecidea lapicida LC LC<br />
Lecidea lithophila LC LC<br />
Lecidea phaeops LC LC<br />
Lecidea plana LC LC NS<br />
46
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Lecidea promixta LC DD NR S 40<br />
Lecidea sanguineoatra LC LC NS<br />
Lecidea silacea VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Lecidea swartzioidea LC LC NS S 47<br />
Lecidea turgidula LC LC<br />
Lecidella anomaloides DD LC NS<br />
Lecidella asema LC LC<br />
Lecidella carpathica LC LC<br />
Lecidella elaeochroma f. soralifera LC LC<br />
Lecidella elaeochroma f. elaeochroma LC LC<br />
Lecidella meiococca LC LC NS<br />
Lecidella scabra LC LC<br />
Lecidella stigmatea LC LC<br />
Lecidella viridans DD DD NR<br />
Lecidoma demissum LC LC NS S<br />
Lemmopsis arnoldiana VU D2 NT NR 25<br />
Lempholemma botryosum VU D2 LC NS<br />
Lempholemma cladodes VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Lempholemma intricatum VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Lempholemma polyanthes LC LC NS<br />
Lempholemma radiatum VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Lepraria atlantica LC LC NS<br />
Lepraria bergensis DD DD NR<br />
Lepraria borealis LC NE<br />
Lepraria caesioalba LC LC<br />
Lepraria crassissima LC LC NR<br />
Lepraria diffusa var. chrysodetoides LC LC NR<br />
Lepraria diffusa var. diffusum LC LC NS<br />
Lepraria eburnea LC LC NS<br />
Lepraria ecorticata LC LC NS<br />
Lepraria elobata LC LC NS<br />
Lepraria humida LC LC ?NR<br />
Lepraria incana LC LC<br />
Lepraria jackii LC LC<br />
Lepraria lobificans LC LC<br />
Lepraria membranacea LC LC<br />
Lepraria nivalis LC LC NS<br />
Lepraria nylanderiana DD DD NR 100<br />
Lepraria rigidula LC LC<br />
Lepraria sylvicola LC LC NS<br />
Lepraria umbricola LC LC NS<br />
Lepraria vouauxii LC LC<br />
Leprocaulon microscopicum LC LC<br />
Leptogium biatorinum DD LC NS<br />
Leptogium brebissonii VU D2 NT NS IR P*<br />
Leptogium britannicum NT LC NS IR<br />
Leptogium burgessii VU D2 LC IR<br />
Leptogium cochleatum CR D VU NS IR P*<br />
Leptogium cyanescens NT LC IR<br />
Leptogium diffractum NT NT NS 36<br />
Leptogium gelatinosum LC LC<br />
47
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Leptogium intermedium LC LC NS 47<br />
Leptogium lichenoides LC LC<br />
Leptogium massiliense VU D2 NT NR<br />
Leptogium palmatum LC NT NS 49<br />
Leptogium plicatile LC LC<br />
Leptogium schraderi LC LC<br />
Leptogium subtile LC LC NS 43<br />
Leptogium subtorulosum EN D NT NR S 25<br />
Leptogium tenuissimum VU D2 LC NS<br />
Leptogium teretiusculum LC LC<br />
Leptogium turgidum LC LC<br />
Leptorhaphis atomaria [F] VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Leptorhaphis epidermis [F] LC LC<br />
Leptorhaphis maggiana [F] DD LC NS<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong>omphalia alpina LC LC<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong>omphalia hudsoniana LC LC<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong>omphalia umbellifera LC LC<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong>omphalia velutina LC LC ? 50<br />
Lichina confinis LC LC<br />
Lichina pygmaea LC LC<br />
Lithographa tesserata LC LC NS 31<br />
Llimonaea sorediata LC LC<br />
Lobaria amplissima VU A4, D2 LC IR<br />
Lobaria pulmonaria VU A4 LC IR<br />
Lobaria scrobiculata CR A4, D LC IR<br />
Lobaria virens EN A4, D LC IR<br />
Lopadium disciforme LC LC<br />
Loxospora elatina LC LC<br />
Massalongia carnosa LC LC<br />
Megalaria grossa NT LC<br />
Megalaria pulverea LC LC<br />
Megalospora tuberculosa VU D2 NT NS IR P*<br />
Megaspora verrucosa VU D2 NT NS<br />
Melanelia disjuncta NT LC NS<br />
Melanelia hepatizon VU D2 LC NS<br />
Melanelia stygia CR D NT NS S<br />
Melanelixa fuliginosa ssp. fuliginosa LC LC<br />
Melanelixa fuliginosa ssp. glabratula LC LC<br />
Melanelixa subaurifera LC LC<br />
Melanohalea elegantula LC LC<br />
Melanohalea exasperata LC LC<br />
Melanohalea exasperatula LC LC<br />
Melanohalea laciniatula LC LC<br />
Melaspilea amota [F] DD NT NR N 25<br />
Melaspilea atroides [F] LC LC NS S<br />
Melaspilea granitophila LC LC NS S 31<br />
Melaspilea interjecta DD DD NR IR S 60<br />
Melaspilea lentiginosa [LF] NE NT NR IR P*<br />
Melaspilea ochrothalamia [F] LC LC NS<br />
Menegazzia subsimilis RE DD NS IR<br />
Menegazzia terebrata VU C2ai LC IR<br />
48
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Merismatium deminutum LC LC NS<br />
Micarea adnata LC LC NS<br />
Micarea alabastrites LC LC IR<br />
Micarea bauschiana LC LC<br />
Micarea botryoides LC LC<br />
Micarea cinerea LC LC<br />
Micarea coppinsii LC LC NS 29<br />
Micarea deminuta DD LC NR<br />
Micarea denigrata LC LC<br />
Micarea erratica LC LC<br />
Micarea farinosa DD DD ?E E 40<br />
Micarea globulosella DD DD NR 50<br />
Micarea hedlundii NT NT NR S<br />
Micarea leprosula LC LC<br />
Micarea lignaria var. endoleuca DD LC NS IR<br />
Micarea lignaria var. lignaria LC LC<br />
Micarea lithinella LC LC NS<br />
Micarea lutulata LC LC<br />
Micarea marginata VU D2 LC NR S<br />
Micarea melaena LC LC<br />
Micarea micrococca LC LC<br />
Micarea misella LC LC NS<br />
Micarea myriocarpa LC LC NS<br />
Micarea nitschkeana LC LC<br />
Micarea peliocarpa LC LC<br />
Micarea prasina s. str. LC LC NS<br />
Micarea pseudomarginata VU D2 LC NR E<br />
Micarea pycnidiophora NT NT NS IR<br />
Micarea stipitata LC LC NS IR<br />
Micarea submilliaria VU D2 DD NR S 25<br />
Micarea subnigrata LC LC NS<br />
Micarea subviridescens LC LC NR 25<br />
Micarea sylvicola LC LC<br />
Micarea synotheoides LC LC NS IR<br />
Micarea ternaria DD LC NR S<br />
Micarea tuberculata LC LC NS<br />
Micarea turfosa VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Micarea viridileprosa LC LC NS 27<br />
Micarea xanthonica LC LC NS IR<br />
Microcalicium ahlneri [F] VU D2 LC NS 33<br />
Microcalicium arenariuim DD LC NR<br />
Microcalicium disseminatum [F] VU D2 LC NR<br />
Miriquidica atr<strong>of</strong>ulva VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Miriquidica complanata f. complanata RE LC NS S<br />
Miriquidica leucophaea LC LC<br />
Miriquidica lulensis VU D2 NT NR S 27<br />
Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. pycnocarpa LC LC NS<br />
Miriquidica pycnocarpa f. sorediata LC LC NS S 21<br />
Moelleropsis nebulosa NT LC NS<br />
Mycobilimbia epixanthoides NT LC<br />
Mycobilimbia pilularis NT LC<br />
49
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Mycoblastus affinis VU D2 LC NS S 35<br />
Mycoblastus caesius LC LC<br />
Mycoblastus fucatus LC LC<br />
Mycoblastus sanguinarius f. leprosus DD NE ?<br />
Mycoblastus sanguinarius f. sanguinarius LC LC<br />
Mycoglaena myricae [F] LC LC NS<br />
Mycomicrothelia atlantica [F] VU D2 NT NR S 20<br />
Mycomicrothelia confusa [F] LC LC<br />
Mycoporum antecellens [F] LC LC<br />
Myriospora heppii LC LC NS<br />
Nephroma laevigatum NT LC IR<br />
Nephroma parile NT LC<br />
Nephroma tangeriense DD NT NR IR 27<br />
Normandina acroglypta VU D2 LC NS<br />
Normandina pulchella LC LC<br />
Ochrolechia androgyna LC LC<br />
Ochrolechia frigida f. frigida NT LC S<br />
Ochrolechia inaequatula DD LC NS S<br />
Ochrolechia microstictoides LC LC NS<br />
Ochrolechia parella LC LC<br />
Ochrolechia subviridis LC LC<br />
Ochrolechia tartarea LC LC<br />
Ochrolechia turneri LC LC<br />
Opegrapha atra LC LC<br />
Opegrapha calcarea LC LC<br />
Opegrapha cesareensis LC LC<br />
Opegrapha corticola LC LC IR<br />
Opegrapha dolomitica LC LC NS<br />
Opegrapha fumosa VU D2 LC NS IR X<br />
Opegrapha gyrocarpa LC LC<br />
Opegrapha herbarum LC LC<br />
Opegrapha lithyrga LC LC NS<br />
Opegrapha mougeotii LC LC NS<br />
Opegrapha multipuncta LC LC<br />
Opegrapha niveoatra LC LC<br />
Opegrapha ochrocheila LC LC<br />
Opegrapha paraxanthodes NT NT NR P<br />
Opegrapha prosodea VU D2 NT NS IR N P*<br />
Opegrapha rufescens LC LC<br />
Opegrapha saxigena LC LC NS IR<br />
Opegrapha sorediifera LC LC<br />
Opegrapha varia LC LC<br />
Opegrapha vermicellifera LC LC<br />
Opegrapha viridis LC DD NS<br />
Opegrapha vulgata LC LC<br />
Opegrapha xerica LC LC NS IR?<br />
Opegrapha zonata LC LC<br />
Ophioparma ventosa LC LC<br />
Orphniospora moriopsis var. moriopsis VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Pachyphiale carneola NT LC<br />
Pannaria conoplea NT LC IR<br />
50
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Pannaria rubiginosa CR D LC IR<br />
Parmelia discordans LC LC<br />
Parmelia omphalodes LC LC<br />
Parmelia saxatilis LC LC<br />
Parmelia sulcata LC LC<br />
Parmeliella parvula NT LC IR<br />
Parmeliella testacea CR D NT NS IR P*<br />
Parmeliella triptophylla NT LC IR<br />
Parmelina carporrhizans VU D2 VU NS N 25 P*<br />
Parmelina pastillifera LC LC<br />
Parmelina tiliacea LC LC<br />
Parmelinopsis horrescens NT NT NS IR N 49 *<br />
Parmelinopsis minarum VU D2 NT NR N S8<br />
Parmeliopsis ambigua LC LC<br />
Parmeliopsis hyperopta LC LC<br />
Parmotrema arnoldii DD NT NS<br />
Parmotrema crinitum NT LC<br />
Parmotrema perlatum LC LC<br />
Parmotrema reticulatum LC LC<br />
Parmotrema robustum CR D CR NR N 75 P*<br />
Peltigera britannica NT LC NS IR S<br />
Peltigera canina LC LC<br />
Peltigera collina NT LC IR<br />
Peltigera degenii LC LC NS S<br />
Peltigera didactyla LC LC<br />
Peltigera elizabethae NT NT NR S<br />
Peltigera horizontalis LC LC<br />
Peltigera hymenina LC LC<br />
Peltigera leucophlebia LC LC<br />
Peltigera membranacea LC LC<br />
Peltigera neckeri LC LC NS<br />
Peltigera polydactylon VU D2 LC NS<br />
Peltigera praetextata LC LC<br />
Peltigera rufescens LC LC<br />
Peltigera venosa CR D VU NS S P*<br />
Pertusaria albescens var. albescens LC LC<br />
Pertusaria albescens var. corallina LC LC<br />
Pertusaria amara f. amara LC LC<br />
Pertusaria amarescens VU D2 LC NR<br />
Pertusaria aspergilla LC LC<br />
Pertusaria chiodectonoides VU D2 LC NS<br />
Pertusaria coccodes LC LC<br />
Pertusaria corallina LC LC<br />
Pertusaria coronata NT LC NS<br />
Pertusaria dactylina VU D2 LC NS<br />
Pertusaria excludens LC LC NS S<br />
Pertusaria flavicans LC LC<br />
Pertusaria flavida LC LC<br />
Pertusaria hemisphaerica LC LC<br />
Pertusaria hymenea LC LC<br />
Pertusaria lactea LC LC<br />
51
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Pertusaria lactescens LC LC<br />
Pertusaria leioplaca LC LC<br />
Pertusaria melanochlora EN B1a,D EN NR 20<br />
Pertusaria monogona VU D2 LC NS<br />
Pertusaria multipuncta LC LC<br />
Pertusaria ophthalmiza DD LC NS IR<br />
Pertusaria pertusa LC LC<br />
Pertusaria pseudocorallina LC LC<br />
Pertusaria pupillaris LC LC<br />
Pertusaria pustulata RE VU NR<br />
Pertusaria velata VU D2 VU NS N P*<br />
Peterjamesia circumscripta LC LC<br />
Peterjamesia sorediata DD LC<br />
Petractis clausa LC LC<br />
Phaeographis dendritica LC LC<br />
Phaeographis inusta LC LC NS IR N 30<br />
Phaeographis lyellii VU D2 NT NS IR<br />
Phaeographis smithii LC LC<br />
Phaeophyscia nigricans LC LC<br />
Phaeophyscia orbicularis LC LC<br />
Phaeophyscia sciastra DD LC NS<br />
Phlyctis agelaea NT NT NS<br />
Phlyctis argena LC LC<br />
Phyllopsora rosei NT LC NS IR<br />
Physcia adscendens LC LC<br />
Physcia aipolia LC LC<br />
Physcia caesia LC LC<br />
Physcia clementei VU D2 NT NS<br />
Physcia dubia LC LC<br />
Physcia leptalea LC LC<br />
Physcia stellaris LC LC<br />
Physcia tenella ssp. marina DD NE<br />
Physcia tenella ssp. tenella LC LC<br />
Physcia tribacia LC LC<br />
Physcia tribacioides CR D VU NS P* S8<br />
Physconia distorta LC LC<br />
Physconia enteroxantha LC LC<br />
Physconia grisea LC LC<br />
Physconia perisidiosa NT LC<br />
Piccolia ochrophora LC LC<br />
Pilophorus strumaticus LC LC NS<br />
Placidiopsis custnani NT NT NS<br />
Placidium lachneum LC LC NS<br />
Placidium pilosellum NT NT NS<br />
Placidium squamulosum LC LC NS<br />
Placopsis lambii LC LC 37<br />
Placynthiella dasaea LC LC<br />
Placynthiella hyporhoda VU D2 LC NR<br />
Placynthiella icmalea LC LC<br />
Placynthiella oligotropha LC LC NS<br />
Placynthiella uliginosa LC LC<br />
52
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Placynthium anemoideum EX? NE NR 100<br />
Placynthium asperellum VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Placynthium dolichoterum VU D2 DD NR S 20<br />
Placynthium flabellosum VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Placynthium garovaglioi NT LC NR<br />
Placynthium hungaricum DD DD NR 100?<br />
Placynthium nigrum LC LC<br />
Placynthium pannariellum VU D2 NT NS S<br />
Placynthium subradiatum LC LC NS 20<br />
Placynthium tantaleum RE LC NS<br />
Placynthium tremniacum DD DD NR 29<br />
Platismatia glauca LC LC<br />
Pleurosticta acetabulum DD LC W<br />
Poeltinula cerebrina EX? VU NR P<br />
Polyblastia agraria LC LC NS IR 40<br />
Polyblastia albida LC LC NS<br />
Polyblastia cruenta LC LC<br />
Polyblastia cupularis LC LC NS<br />
Polyblastia dermatodes NT LC NS<br />
Polyblastia efflorescens VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Polyblastia melaspora LC LC NS S<br />
Polyblastia philaea DD DD NR S 60<br />
Polyblastia quartzina VU D2 DD NR S 50<br />
Polyblastia schaereriana LC LC NS<br />
Polyblastia terrestris VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Polychidium muscicola NT LC NS<br />
Polysporina lapponica LC LC NS 42<br />
Polysporina simplex LC LC<br />
Porina aenea LC LC<br />
Porina ahlesiana NT NT NS 26<br />
Porina borreri var. borreri LC LC NS<br />
Porina byssophila VU D2 DD NR S 80<br />
Porina chlorotica f. chlorotica LC LC<br />
Porina coralloidea NT LC NS IR<br />
Porina curnowii VU D2 NT NR N<br />
Porina effilata EN D CR NR P*<br />
Porina grandis VU D2 DD NR S 20<br />
Porina guentheri var. guentheri LC LC NS<br />
Porina guentheri var. lucens LC LC NS 58<br />
Porina hibernica VU D2 NT NS IR P*<br />
Porina interjungens NT NT NS<br />
Porina lectissima LC LC<br />
Porina leptalea LC LC<br />
Porina linearis LC LC<br />
Porina rosei NT NT NS IR 21 X<br />
Porocyphus coccodes LC LC NS 26<br />
Porocyphus kenmorensis NT NT NS 38<br />
Porocyphus leptogiella NT NT NR S 27<br />
Porpidia cinereoatra LC LC<br />
Porpidia contraponenda LC LC NS<br />
Porpidia crustulata LC LC<br />
53
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Porpidia flavocruenta DD LC NS<br />
Porpidia hydrophila LC LC<br />
Porpidia macrocarpa f. macrocarpa LC LC<br />
Porpidia melinodes LC LC NS S 28<br />
Porpidia ochrolemma DD DD NR 100<br />
Porpidia pachythallina DD DD NR<br />
Porpidia platycarpoides LC LC<br />
Porpidia rugosa LC LC<br />
Porpidia soredizodes LC LC<br />
Porpidia speirea LC LC<br />
Porpidia striata LC LC NS<br />
Porpidia superba f. superba NT? LC NS S<br />
Porpidia superba f. sorediata NT? NE NR S<br />
Porpidia tuberculosa LC LC<br />
Protoblastenia calva LC LC<br />
Protoblastenia cyclospora VU D2 DD NR<br />
Protoblastenia incrustans LC LC<br />
Protoblastenia lilacina DD DD NR<br />
Protoblastenia rupestris LC LC<br />
Protoblastenia siebenhaariana VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Protopannaria pezizoides LC LC<br />
Protoparmelia atriseda NT VU NR S 83<br />
Protoparmelia badia LC LC<br />
Protoparmelia memnonia DD NT NR<br />
Protoparmelia montagnei VU D2 LC NS N<br />
Protothelenella corrosa NT LC NS S<br />
Protothelenella sphinctrinoidella VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Protothelenella sphinctrinoides VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Pseudephebe pubescens LC LC<br />
Pseudevernia furfuracea var. ceratea LC LC<br />
Pseudevernia furfuracea var. furfuracea LC LC<br />
Pseudocyphellaria intricata CR D NT NS IR S P*<br />
Pseudocyphellaria lacerata CR D VU NR IR S 25 P* S8<br />
Pseudocyphellaria norvegica CR D LC NS IR S P*<br />
Psilolechia clavulifera LC LC NS<br />
Psilolechia leprosa LC LC<br />
Psilolechia lucida LC LC<br />
Psora decipiens NT LC NS<br />
Psoroglaena stigonemoides LC LC<br />
Psoroma hypnorum VU D2 LC NS<br />
Psorotichia schaereri NT LC NS<br />
Pterygiopsis concordatula VU D2 NT NS<br />
Pterygiopsis lacustris VU D2 NT NR 44<br />
Ptychographa xylographoides NT NT NS IR<br />
Punctelia borreri LC LC<br />
Punctelia jeckeri LC LC<br />
Punctelia reddenda NT LC<br />
Punctelia subrudecta LC LC<br />
Pycnothelia papillaria NT LC<br />
Pyrenopsis grumulifera DD DD NR S<br />
Pyrenopsis impolita DD DD NR S 60<br />
54
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Pyrenopsis subareolata LC LC NS S 32<br />
Pyrenula chlorospila LC LC<br />
Pyrenula coryli [F] RE VU NR<br />
Pyrenula hibernica CR D VU NR IR S P* S8<br />
Pyrenula laevigata VU D2 LC NS IR<br />
Pyrenula macrospora LC LC<br />
Pyrenula occidentalis VU D2 LC IR<br />
Pyrrhospora quernea LC LC<br />
Racodium rupestris LC LC<br />
Ramalina calicaris LC LC<br />
Ramalina canariensis LC LC<br />
Ramalina cuspidata LC LC<br />
Ramalina farinacea LC LC<br />
Ramalina fastigiata LC LC<br />
Ramalina fraxinea LC LC IR<br />
Ramalina lacera DD LC<br />
Ramalina pollinaria LC LC NS<br />
Ramalina polymorpha NT NT NS S 50<br />
Ramalina portuensis DD LC NS IR 27<br />
Ramalina siliquosa LC LC<br />
Ramalina subfarinacea LC LC<br />
Ramonia chrysophaea NT NT NS IR P*<br />
Ramonia dictyospora VU D2 NT NR E P*<br />
Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella NT LC NS<br />
Rhizocarpon alpicola LC LC NS S<br />
Rhizocarpon amphibium DD DD NR S 20<br />
Rhizocarpon anaperum VU D2 LC NR 50<br />
Rhizocarpon badioatrum VU D2 LC NS 27<br />
Rhizocarpon caeruleoalbum DD DD NR S 33<br />
Rhizocarpon caesium DD DD NR S<br />
Rhizocarpon cinereovirens NT DD NR S 55<br />
Rhizocarpon distinctum LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon eupetraeoides VU D2 DD NR 25<br />
Rhizocarpon furfurosum NT NT NS 56<br />
Rhizocarpon geminatum DD DD NS S<br />
Rhizocarpon geographicum LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon hochstetteri LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon infernulum f. infernulum LC DD NR 39<br />
Rhizocarpon infernulum f. sylvaticum LC LC NS<br />
Rhizocarpon intermediellum VU D2 DD NR S 33<br />
Rhizocarpon lavatum LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon lecanorinum LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon oederi LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon petraeum LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon polycarpum LC LC NS<br />
Rhizocarpon reductum LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon richardii LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon simillimum DD DD NR 20<br />
Rhizocarpon subgeminatum LC LC NS<br />
Rhizocarpon submodestum DD DD NR S 50<br />
Rhizocarpon superficiale VU D2 DD NR S 33<br />
55
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Rhizocarpon timdalii DD DD NR 100<br />
Rhizocarpon umbilicatum LC LC<br />
Rhizocarpon viridiatrum LC LC NS<br />
Rimularia badioatra LC LC NS<br />
Rimularia furvella LC LC<br />
Rimularia gyrizans NT LC NS<br />
Rimularia insularis LC LC NS 39<br />
Rimularia intercedens LC LC NS 28<br />
Rimularia limborina LC LC NS<br />
Rinodina aspersa NT NT NR 20<br />
Rinodina atrocinerea LC LC<br />
Rinodina biloculata VU D2 DD NR N<br />
Rinodina bisch<strong>of</strong>fii LC LC NS<br />
Rinodina confragosa LC LC NS<br />
Rinodina conradii LC LC NS 50<br />
Rinodina efflorescens LC LC NS<br />
Rinodina fimbriata VU D2 LC NS<br />
Rinodina flavosoralifera NT NT NR 22<br />
Rinodina gennarii LC LC<br />
Rinodina griseosoralifera LC LC NS<br />
Rinodina immersa DD DD NR 60<br />
Rinodina insularis DD DD NS<br />
Rinodina interpolata NT NT NR<br />
Rinodina isidioides NT NT NS IR 36 P*<br />
Rinodina luridescens LC LC<br />
Rinodina milvina VU D1 NT NR S 33<br />
Rinodina occulta NT DD NR 33<br />
Rinodina oleae LC LC<br />
Rinodina oxydata LC LC NS<br />
Rinodina roboris var. armeriicola NT NT NR 33<br />
Rinodina roboris var. roboris LC LC IR<br />
Rinodina sicula LC LC NS 29<br />
Rinodina sophodes LC LC<br />
Rinodina teichophila LC LC<br />
Roccella fuciformis NT NT NS N<br />
Roccella phycopsis NT NT NS N<br />
Romjularia lurida LC LC<br />
Ropalospora lugubris f. lugubris VU D2 LC NR S<br />
Ropalospora viridis LC LC NS<br />
Sarcogyne clavus DD NT NS<br />
Sarcogyne privigna LC LC NS<br />
Sarcogyne regularis LC LC<br />
Sarcopyrenia gibba var. geisleri [?LF] LC LC<br />
Sarcosagium campestre var. campestre LC LC NS<br />
Sarcosagium campestre var. macrosporum NT NE ? 41<br />
Schaereria cinereorufa LC LC<br />
Schaereria corticola CR D1 DD NR S 50<br />
Schaereria fuscocinerea var. fuscocinerea LC LC<br />
Schismatomma cretaceum VU D1 LC IR<br />
Schismatomma decolorans LC LC<br />
Schismatomma graphidioides VU D1 VU NS IR P*<br />
56
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Schismatomma niveum VU D1 LC IR<br />
Schismatomma quercicola NT LC E<br />
Schismatomma umbrinum LC LC NS IR 21<br />
Scoliciosporum chlorococcum LC LC<br />
Scoliciosporum curvatum LC LC NS 43<br />
Scoliciosporum intrusum DD LC NR<br />
Scoliciosporum pruinosum LC LC<br />
Scoliciosporum umbrinum LC LC<br />
Solenopsora candicans LC LC<br />
Solenopsora holophaea LC LC NS<br />
Solenopsora vulturiensis LC LC<br />
Solorina saccata LC LC<br />
Solorina spongiosa NT LC NS<br />
Sphaerophorus fragilis LC LC<br />
Sphaerophorus globosus LC LC<br />
Spilonema paradoxum DD NT NR<br />
Sporastatia polyspora EN D NT NR<br />
Sporastatia testudinea EN D NT NR<br />
Squamarina cartilaginea var. cartilaginea LC LC<br />
Staurothele caesia LC LC NS<br />
Staurothele fissa LC LC<br />
Staurothele guestphalica DD DD NR 20<br />
Staurothele hymenogonia VU D2 LC NS<br />
Staurothele rufa EN D EN NR 100<br />
Staurothele rugulosa VU D2 NT NR<br />
Staurothele rupifraga LC LC NS<br />
Staurothele succedens LC LC NS<br />
Steinia geophana LC LC NS 34<br />
Stenocybe nitida DD LC NS S?<br />
Stenocybe pullatula [F] LC LC<br />
Stenocybe septata [F] LC LC IR<br />
Stereocaulon condensatum NT LC NS 27<br />
Stereocaulon dactylophyllum var. dactylophyllum LC LC<br />
Stereocaulon delisei VU B2a, biii NT NS IR 21 *<br />
Stereocaulon evolutum LC LC<br />
Stereocaulon glareosum VU B2a, biii NT NR S 50<br />
Stereocaulon leucophaeopsis NT LC NS<br />
Stereocaulon nanodes LC LC NS<br />
Stereocaulon pileatum LC LC<br />
Stereocaulon plicatile VU B2a, biii NT NR IR<br />
Stereocaulon symphycheilum VU D1 EN NR 25 P*<br />
Stereocaulon tornense VU D1 NT NS S<br />
Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. nodulosum LC LC NS<br />
Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. symphycheileoides DD NE NS<br />
Stereocaulon vesuvianum var. vesuvianum LC LC<br />
Sticta canariensis / dufourii VU LC IR<br />
Sticta canariensis independ. green morph. EN D VU NR IR P*<br />
Sticta fuliginosa VU LC IR<br />
Sticta limbata NT LC IR<br />
Sticta sylvatica NT LC IR<br />
Strangospora microhaema CR D NT NS IR S *<br />
57
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Strangospora moriformis LC LC NS<br />
Strangospora pinicola LC LC NS<br />
Strigula confusa DD DD NR<br />
Strigula jamesii VU D2 LC NS<br />
Strigula phaea VU D2 LC NS<br />
Strigula stigmatella var. alpestris VU D2 LC NS S<br />
Strigula stigmatella var. stigmatella CR D EN NR 33 P*<br />
Strigula taylorii LC LC NS IR<br />
Strigula thelopsidoides CR D NT NR S<br />
Synalissa ramulosa VU D2 VU NR 30 P*<br />
Syncesia myrticola VU D2 NT NS IR N<br />
Teloschistes flavicans VU A1 VU NS N 23 P* S8<br />
Tephromela atra LC LC<br />
Tephromela grumosa LC LC<br />
Tephromela pertusarioides DD DD NR S 63<br />
Thamnolia vermicularis ssp. subuliformis VU D2 LC S<br />
Thelenella muscorum var. muscorum LC LC<br />
Thelenella muscorum var. octospora VU D2 NE NR<br />
Thelidium decipiens LC LC<br />
Thelidium fontigenum VU D2 LC NR<br />
Thelidium impressum VU D2 LC NS 20<br />
Thelidium incavatum LC LC<br />
Thelidium minutulum LC LC<br />
Thelidium papulare f. papulare LC LC<br />
Thelidium papulare f. sorediatum VU D2 LC NR S<br />
Thelidium pluvium NT LC NS S 32<br />
Thelidium pyrenophorum LC LC NS<br />
Thelidium zwackhii LC LC NS<br />
Thelocarpon epibolum var. epibolum LC LC NS<br />
Thelocarpon impressellum LC NE NS S 50<br />
Thelocarpon intermediellum RE LC NR<br />
Thelocarpon laureri LC LC NS<br />
Thelocarpon magnussonii NT DD NR E<br />
Thelocarpon olivaceum DD NE NR ? ?<br />
Thelocarpon opertum DD NT NR E 33<br />
Thelocarpon pallidum DD DD NR 29<br />
Thelocarpon robustum DD LC NR 50<br />
Thelocarpon saxicola DD LC NR 100<br />
Thelocarpon superellum DD LC NR 33<br />
Thelopsis melathelia VU D2 NT NR S<br />
Thelopsis rubella NT LC<br />
Thelotrema lepadinum NT LC<br />
Thermutis velutina VU D2 NT NR 20<br />
Thrombium epigaeum LC LC NS 41<br />
Tomasellia diffusa [F] RE? LC NR S<br />
Tomasellia gelatinosa [F] LC LC<br />
Toninia aromatica LC LC<br />
Toninia diffracta DD DD NR<br />
Toninia fusispora VU D2 LC NR S<br />
Toninia mesoidea LC LC NS<br />
Toninia sedifolia LC LC P*<br />
58
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Toninia thiopsora LC LC NS 44<br />
Toninia verrucarioides LC LC NS<br />
Trapelia coarctata LC LC<br />
Trapelia corticola LC LC<br />
Trapelia glebulosa LC LC<br />
Trapelia obtegens LC LC<br />
Trapelia placodioides LC LC<br />
Trapeliopsis aene<strong>of</strong>usca DD DD NR 100<br />
Trapeliopsis flexuosa LC LC<br />
Trapeliopsis gelatinosa LC LC<br />
Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea LC LC NS<br />
Trapeliopsis granulosa LC LC<br />
Trapeliopsis percrenata DD LC NS<br />
Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa LC LC<br />
Trapeliopsis wallrothii LC LC<br />
Tremolecia atrata LC LC<br />
Tuckermanopsis chlorophylla NT LC<br />
Tylothallia biformigera LC LC<br />
Umbilicaria cylindrica LC LC<br />
Umbilicaria deusta LC LC NS<br />
Umbilicaria hirsuta NT NT NR S 40<br />
Umbilicaria polyphylla LC LC<br />
Umbilicaria polyrrhiza LC LC<br />
Umbilicaria proboscidea NT LC S<br />
Umbilicaria torrefacta LC LC<br />
Usnea articulata VU A1 NT IR P*<br />
Usnea ceratina LC LC<br />
Usnea cornuta LC LC<br />
Usnea esperantiana DD NT NR IR<br />
Usnea filipendula LC LC<br />
Usnea flammea LC LC<br />
Usnea flavocardia DD DD NR<br />
Usnea florida LC NT *<br />
Usnea fragilescens var. mollis LC LC<br />
Usnea glabrata DD DD NR IR 33<br />
Usnea glabrescens LC LC NS<br />
Usnea hirta LC LC<br />
Usnea rubicunda LC LC<br />
Usnea subfloridana LC LC<br />
Usnea wasmuthii LC LC NS<br />
Vahliella atlantica DD DD NR<br />
Vahliella leucophaea NT LC<br />
Verrucaria aethiobola LC LC<br />
Verrucaria amphibia LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria anziana LC NE NS<br />
Verrucaria aquatilis LC LC<br />
Verrucaria baldensis LC LC<br />
Verrucaria bryoctona LC LC NS 40<br />
Verrucaria bulgarica LC LC NR 67<br />
Verrucaria caerulea LC LC<br />
Verrucaria calciseda LC LC NR 30<br />
59
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Verrucaria cinereoatrata DD NE NS<br />
Verrucaria denudata LC LC<br />
Verrucaria ditmarsica LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria dolosa LC LC<br />
Verrucaria dufourii LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria elaeina LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria funckii LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria fuscella LC LC<br />
Verrucaria fusconigrescens LC LC<br />
Verrucaria halizoa LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria hochstetteri LC LC<br />
Verrucaria internigrescens LC LC NS 43<br />
Verrucaria latebrosa LC LC NR<br />
Verrucaria latericola DD DD NR 40<br />
Verrucaria macrostoma LC LC<br />
Verrucaria macrostoma f. furfuracea LC LC<br />
Verrucaria madida DD DD NR 50<br />
Verrucaria margacea LC LC<br />
Verrucaria maura LC LC<br />
Verrucaria mucosa LC LC<br />
Verrucaria muralis LC LC<br />
Verrucaria murina LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria nigrescens LC LC<br />
Verrucaria pachyderma DD DD NR S 82<br />
Verrucaria pinguicula LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria polysticta LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria praetermissa LC LC<br />
Verrucaria prominula LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria rheitrophila LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria rosula Orange ad int. LC NE NR?<br />
Verrucaria sandstedei DD DD NR<br />
Verrucaria scabra LC LC NR?<br />
Verrucaria simplex LC LC NS<br />
Verrucaria striatula LC LC<br />
Verrucaria viridula LC LC<br />
Vestergrenopsis elaeina CR B1a VU NR S<br />
Vezdaea acicularis NT LC NS S 71<br />
Vezdaea aestivalis LC LC<br />
Vezdaea cobria LC LC NR 80<br />
Vezdaea leprosa LC LC<br />
Vezdaea retigera LC LC NS<br />
Vezdaea rheocarpa LC LC NS 65<br />
Wadeana dendrographa VU D2 NT NS IR P*<br />
Wadeana minuta DD NT NS IR<br />
Xanthoparmelia conspersa LC LC<br />
Xanthoparmelia delisei LC LC NS<br />
Xanthoparmelia loxodes LC LC<br />
Xanthoparmelia mougeotii LC LC<br />
Xanthoparmelia pulla LC LC<br />
Xanthoparmelia tinctina EN B1a VU NR 25<br />
Xanthoparmelia verruculifera LC LC<br />
60
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
National/international responsibility<br />
Rarity<br />
BAP species (P) / Section 42 species (*)<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
British <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> threat status<br />
Criteria<br />
Proportion <strong>of</strong> British population<br />
Edge <strong>of</strong> British range in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Schedule 8 species<br />
Taxon<br />
Xanthoria aureola LC LC<br />
Xanthoria calcicola LC LC<br />
Xanthoria candelaria LC LC<br />
Xanthoria elegans LC LC<br />
Xanthoria parietina LC LC<br />
Xanthoria polycarpa LC LC<br />
Xerotrema quercicola LC LC ?E 40<br />
Xylographa parallela VU D2 LC S<br />
Xylographa vitiligo LC LC<br />
61
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
9. Acknowledgements<br />
Compilation <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> would have been impossible without the help, advice<br />
and support <strong>of</strong> members <strong>of</strong> the British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society, in particular Steve Chambers, Alan<br />
Orange, Mark Seaward and Brian Coppins. I am also grateful for technical help from the<br />
staff <strong>of</strong> the Countryside Council for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
62
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
10. References<br />
Church, J.M., Coppins, B.J., Gilbert, O.L., James, P.W. & Stewart, N.F. (1997) [‘1996’]<br />
<strong>Red</strong> Data Books <strong>of</strong> Britain and Ireland: <strong>Lichen</strong>s. Volume 1: Britain. Peterborough:<br />
Joint Nature Conservation Committee.<br />
Coppins, B.J. (2002a) Checklist <strong>of</strong> <strong>Lichen</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland. London: British<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong> Society.<br />
Dines, T. (2008). A Vascular Plant <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong>. Plantlife, Salisbury.<br />
IUCN (2001) IUCN <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> Categories & Criteria. Version 3.1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.<br />
Palmer, M.A., Hodgetts, N.G., Wigginton, M.J., Ing, B. & Stewart, N.F. (1997) The application<br />
to the British Flora <strong>of</strong> the World Conservation Union’s revised <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> criteria and the<br />
significance <strong>of</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong>s for species conservation. Biological Conservation 82: 219–226.<br />
Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. & Moore, D.M. (1992) <strong>Lichen</strong> Flora<br />
<strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publications.<br />
Smith, C.W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B.J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O.L., James, P.W. and Wolsley,<br />
P.A. (2009). The <strong>Lichen</strong>s <strong>of</strong> Great Britain and Ireland. British <strong>Lichen</strong> Society, London.<br />
Woods, R.G. & Coppins, B.J. (2003). A Conservation Evaluation <strong>of</strong> British <strong>Lichen</strong>s. British<br />
<strong>Lichen</strong> Society, London.<br />
63
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
Appendix 1<br />
The Lobarion and mine site communities<br />
Arising from Section 42 <strong>of</strong> the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006,<br />
the <strong>Welsh</strong> Assembly Government has approved a list <strong>of</strong> species and habitats in <strong>Wales</strong> the<br />
conservation <strong>of</strong> which it considers to be <strong>of</strong> principal importance. Contained within the<br />
list <strong>of</strong> species <strong>of</strong> lichens are two lichen-rich communities viz the “Lobarion” and “mine<br />
site community”.<br />
Lobarion<br />
The following provides some guidance on the identification <strong>of</strong> the Lobarion. ( For fuller<br />
details see James, P.W., Hawksworth, D.L. & Rose, F. (1977). <strong>Lichen</strong> Communities in the<br />
British Isles pgs 322-327 in <strong>Lichen</strong> Ecology, Seaward, MRD (Ed.), Academic Press, London).<br />
When well-developed this is a spectacular community that can include some <strong>of</strong> the<br />
largest foliose lichens. Unfortunately most <strong>of</strong> its constituent species are highly sensitive<br />
to sulphur dioxide, acid rain and excessive ammonia levels and many examples <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Lobarion in <strong>Wales</strong> are now species poor.<br />
The Lobarion is likely to be present on a tree or shrub or any rock face that supports the<br />
following:-<br />
Any species <strong>of</strong> the genus<br />
Degelia<br />
Fuscopannaria<br />
Lobaria<br />
Nephroma<br />
Parmeliella (except P. parvula-see below)<br />
Pannaria<br />
Pseudocyphellaria<br />
Sticta<br />
Any <strong>of</strong> the following species<br />
Agonimia octospora<br />
Collema fasciculare*<br />
Collema furfuraceum<br />
Gyalecta flotowii*<br />
Gomphillus calycioides*<br />
Leptogium burgessii<br />
Leptogium brebissonii*<br />
Leptogium cochleatum*<br />
Pachyphiale carneola<br />
Parmotrema crinitum<br />
Peltigera collina<br />
Phyllopsora rosei<br />
Porina coralloidea<br />
Porina hibernica*<br />
Punctelia reddenda<br />
Thelopsis rubella<br />
(* = species individually listed on Section 42 <strong>of</strong> the Natural Environment and<br />
Communities Act (2006) as being <strong>of</strong> principal importance in <strong>Wales</strong>)<br />
Any three <strong>of</strong> the following species<br />
64<br />
Acrocordia gemmata<br />
Arthonia vinosa<br />
Catinaria atropurpurea<br />
Dimerella lutea<br />
Leptogium lichenoides<br />
Leptogium teretiusculum<br />
Mycobilimbia pilularis<br />
Normandina pulchella<br />
Opegrapha sorediifera<br />
Parmeliella parvula<br />
Peltigera horizontalis<br />
Pertusaria hemisphaerica<br />
Thelotrema lepadinum
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
Metallophytes<br />
Once <strong>Wales</strong> probably supported a significant assemblage <strong>of</strong> lichens associated with<br />
natural outcrops <strong>of</strong> heavy metal-rich rock. Due to the destruction <strong>of</strong> these outcrops by<br />
our mining activities the survival <strong>of</strong> metallophyte lichens is now almost entirely<br />
dependent<br />
on the conservation <strong>of</strong> old metal mine sites.<br />
Two special types <strong>of</strong> lichen are almost completely confined to these sites in <strong>Wales</strong>:-<br />
1. Those lichens that appear to in some way require heavy metals and only occur on<br />
heavy metal-rich substrates-the obligate metallophytes.<br />
2. Those lichens that tolerate heavy metals but elsewhere can be found in sites without<br />
such metals. Most <strong>of</strong> these species are probably poor competitors but can survive<br />
extreme conditions. In <strong>Wales</strong> they are mostly confined to metal-rich sites but elsewhere<br />
occur, for example, on exposed peat on the summit ridges <strong>of</strong> high mountains-the<br />
facultative metallophytes.<br />
The following species fall into one or other <strong>of</strong> these categories in <strong>Wales</strong> and any threatened<br />
site supporting more than 3 <strong>of</strong> these species should be subject to a detailed assessment.<br />
Acarospora sinopica<br />
Rhizocarpon cinereovirens<br />
Baeomyces placophyllus<br />
R. furfurosum<br />
Belonia incarnata<br />
R. oederi<br />
Epilichen scabrosa<br />
Sarcosagium campestre<br />
Gyalidea subscutellaris<br />
Steinia geophana<br />
Gyalideopsis crenulata<br />
Stereocaulon condensatum<br />
Lecanora epanora<br />
S. dactylophyllum<br />
L. gisleriana S. delisei*<br />
L. handelii S. glareosum<br />
L. subaurea S. leucophaeopsis<br />
Placopsis lambii<br />
S. nanodes<br />
Placynthiella hyporhoda<br />
S. pileatum<br />
Polyblastia agraria<br />
S. symphycheilium*<br />
Psilolechia leprosa<br />
Vezdaea spp.<br />
(* = species individually listed on Section 42 <strong>of</strong> the Natural Environment and<br />
Communities Act (2006) as being <strong>of</strong> principal importance in <strong>Wales</strong>)<br />
65
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
66
Rhestr o Gen Data Coch ar gyfer Cymru<br />
67
A <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> Data <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong><br />
68
Featured species<br />
These two species have been selected to illustrate the<br />
value <strong>of</strong> producing a <strong>Lichen</strong> <strong>Red</strong> <strong>List</strong> for <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
Pitted Lungwort (Lobaria scrobiculata)<br />
Least Concern in Great Britain but Critically<br />
Endangered in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
RaY WOODS/PLaNTLIFE<br />
This large and distinctive foliose lichen <strong>of</strong> tree trunks and<br />
branches was once probably widespread in <strong>Wales</strong>.<br />
Sensitive to sulphur dioxide pollution and other<br />
atmospheric pollutants it is the least abundant <strong>of</strong> the<br />
four lungwort species. It is now confined to a scatter <strong>of</strong><br />
ancient trees and the trunks and branches <strong>of</strong> a very few<br />
younger trees in ravine sites in northwest <strong>Wales</strong> where it<br />
is sheltered from major sources <strong>of</strong> atmospheric<br />
pollutants. There have been no reports <strong>of</strong> fertile material<br />
recently and all known populations, if they are currently<br />
reproducing, must do so vegetatively.<br />
a significant contraction in its range has recently<br />
occurred with the loss <strong>of</strong> populations in<br />
Montgomeryshire, Pembrokeshire and mid Cardiganshire.<br />
Ciliate Strap-lichen (Heterodermia leucomela)<br />
Endangered in Great Britain but Vulnerable in <strong>Wales</strong><br />
a lichen widespread in the tropics, it reaches the<br />
northernmost edge <strong>of</strong> its world range on anglesey. In<br />
<strong>Wales</strong> it is found scrambling amongst the low growth <strong>of</strong><br />
wind-pruned vegetation on almost frost-free sea cliffs,<br />
whilst in the tropics it grows on twigs in the forest<br />
canopy. It has recently been discovered in two new sites<br />
in Pembrokeshire to add to its former known range <strong>of</strong><br />
Bardsey, The Lleyn and anglesey. all its known sites are<br />
sympathetically managed.<br />
Cover image<br />
Tree lungwort (Lobaria pulmonaria)<br />
RaY WOODS/PLaNTLIFE<br />
all images © Ray Woods
Plantlife Cymru<br />
Uned 14, Llys Castan<br />
Ffordd Y Parc<br />
Parc Menai<br />
Bangor<br />
Gwynedd<br />
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Tel/ffôn: 01248 670691<br />
E-mail/e-bostiwch: trevor.dines@plantlife.org.uk<br />
www.plantlife.org.uk<br />
Speaking up for the nation’s wild plants<br />
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