Forest Insect and Disease Survey; Ontario, 1965 - NFIS

ANNUAL 

DISTRICT REPORTS 

FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE SURVEY 

ONTARIO 1965

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

REPORTS OF FOREST RESEARCH TECHNICIANS 

Ontario 

Page 

Foreword, J. E. MacDonald 

A. SOUTHEASTERN FOREST REGION A1-50 

Lindsay District, W. J. Miller* A 11 

Tweed District, F. Livesey A 22 

Kemptville District, J. Hook A 33 

Pembroke District, H. J. Weir A 41 

B. SOUTHWESTERN FOREST REGION B1-49 

Lake Simcoe District, A. A. Harnden* B 16 

Lake Huron District, R. L. Bowser B 29 

Lake Erie District, J. R. Trinnell B 39 

C. SOUTH-CENTRAL FOREST REGION 01-24 

North Bay District, L. S. MacLeod* C 5 

Parry Sound District, C. A. Barnes C 14 

D. CENTRAL FOREST REGION D1-56 

Sault Ste. Marie District, H. G. McPhee* D 13 

Sudbury District, J. R. McPhee D 20 

Chapleau District, D. Ropke D 29 

Gogama District, R. A. Trieselmann D 38 

White River District, D. C. Constable D 50 

E. NORTHERN FOREST REGION E1-42 

Cochrane District, H. R. Foster* E 8 

Kapuskasing District, G. T. Atkinson 

Swastika District, M. J. Applejohn 

E 20 

E 32 

F. MIDWESTERN FOREST REGION F1-27 

Port Arthur District, K. C. Hall* F 8 

Geraldton District, V. Jansons . F 19 

G. WESTERN FOREST REGION G1-40 

Photographs 

Sioux Lookout District, P. E. Buchan* G 13 

Kenora District, G. G. Jackson G 23 

Fort Frances District, M. J. Thomson G 33 

* Regional Supervisors

FOREST DISTRICTS 

1 Kemptville 

2 Tweed 

3 Lindsay 

16 4 Lake Simcoe 

5 Lake Huron 

6 Lake Erie 

17 7 Pembroke 

13 121 

8 Parry Sound 

9 Sudbury 

10 North Bay 

11 Sault Ste. Marie 

12 Swastika 

13 Gogama 

14 Chapleau 

15 White River 

16 Cochrane 

17 Kapuskasing 

18 Geraldton 

19 Port Arthur 

9 20 Sioux Lookout 

21 Fort Frances 

22 Kenora 

FOREST REGIONS AND DISTRICTS 

REFERRED TO IN THIS REPORT. 

ONTARIO REGION 

0 Miles 80 

I- I I 

FOREST REGIONS 

A Southeastern 

B Southwestern 

C South-central 

D 

E 

Central 

Northern 

F Mid-western 

G 

Western 

Lake Huron 

Lake Erie

FOREWORD 

J. E. MacDonald 

Outbreaks of the forest tent caterpillar have highlighted reports dealing with 

forest insect surveys for the past several years. In 1965, the outbreak in Western 

Ontario reached its peak and poplar stands within an area of about 34,000 square 

miles were severely defoliated. Egg surveys in the fall revealed that a marked 

decline in infestation intensity will occur in Sioux Lookout and Kenora districts 

but high larval populations will persist in Fort Frances and Port Arthur districts 

in 1966. Trends in infestation intensities will vary from area to area in eastern 

Ontario, with the most noteworthy increase in the extent of infestations occurring 

in the Lake Nipissing outbreak. 

The development of new infestations of Bruce spanworm and the European pine 

sawfly were of particular interest in 1965. Infestations of the former occurred 

in Sault Step Marie, Sudbury and Pembroke districts. Severe defoliation of hardwoods 

that resulted relatively large areas represented first records of extensive 

infestations in Ontario, A. major extension in the known distribution of the European 

pine sawfly was recorded when the insect was found in two Scots pine plantations 

on Manitoulin Island. This extension places the insect much closer to major stands 

of jack pine in northern Ontario. 

For the third consecutive year low temperatures in the spring caused considerable 

mortality of the current year 's shoots of balsam fir and white spruce at many locations 

in Ontario. Continued cold weather throughout the summer delayed the development 

of many insects and in some instances larvae failed to reach maturity before freezing 

temperatures occurred in the fall. 

Tree disease surveys continued to reveal serious losses of white elm resulting 

from Dutch elm disease in southern Ontario. In northern Ontario two centers of 

infection occurred on Manitoulin Island and infected elm were found at one location 

near Spanish on the north Shore of Lake Huron. Intensive surveys to determine the 

distribution and incidence of this disease will be continued in 1966. 

During the early years of the Survey in Ontario Field Technicians were largely 

concerned with determining the distribution and abundance of forest insects and 

appraising losses in forest stands. As a consequence the detection aspect of 

survey work was of a high order. Later, added responsibility for disease surveys 

and the development of more elaborate sampling procedures, reduced the time available 

for purely detection work. To compensate for this, greater emphasis has been placed 

on systematic aerial reconnaissance throughout the vast forested areas of central 

and northern Ontario. 

The Survey welcomed the addition of a Forest Research Technician to its staff 

in 1965. This appointment now provides one field representative for each district 

in the Southeastern Region where formerly three men were responsible for survey work 

in four districts. 

In the reports that follow, insects and tree diseases that are of interest in 

adjoining districts are dealt with on a regional basis. Others are dealt with in 

detail on a district basis.

SOUTHEASTERN FOREST REGION 

1965 

INTRODUCTION 

STATUS OF INSECTS (Regional) 

Page 

Forest Tent Caterpillar Malacosoma disstria Hbn. A 1 

STATUS OF TREE DISEASES (Regional) 

Armillaria Root Rot 

Dutch Elm Disease 

Ink Spot of Aspen 

A Microcyclic Pine Needle Rust 

White Pine Blister Rust 

Fomes Root Rot 

Cedar-apple Rust 

Camp Fire Fungus 

Maple Deterioration 

Wind Damage. 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) 

Kummer. A 4 

Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism) 

C. Moreau A 4 

Ciborinia whetzelii (Seav.) 

Coleosporium pinicola (Arth.) Seav. A 5 

.-Arth A 5 

Cronartium ribicola J. C. 

Fischer A 6 

Fames annosus (Fr.) Cke. A 6 

Gymnosporangium juniperivirginianae 

Schw. 

Rhizina undulata Fr. 

A 6 

A 7 

A 7 

A8 

STATUS OF INSECTS (District)

INTRODUCTION 

Southeastern Forest Region 

The forest tent caterpillar, European pine sawfly and birch leaf miner were 

the most noteworthy insects in the Southeastern Region in 1965. Infestations of 

these defoliators increased in extent and intensity in one or more districts in 

the region. The known range of the smaller European elm bark beetle which is an 

important vector of Dutch elm disease, spread eastward approximately 18 miles in 

the Tweed District to the boundary of the Kemptville District. The root collar 

weevil, Hylobius radicis Buch., was found in the Tweed District and collections 

of the pine tortoise scale were made in the Pembroke District for the first time 

in recent years. 

Forest disease surveys revealed the presence of the fungus Fomes annosus (Fr.) 

Sacc. in a red pine plantation in the Northumberland County Forest in the Lindsay 

District. This is the first record of the disease in the region. A new distribution 

record of Melampsora abietis-canadensis Ludwig. ex Arth. was established 

in the Kemptville District. Surveys in late summer and in the fall for the camp 

fire disease Rhizina undulata Fr. produced nil returns except in the Lindsay 

District. 

A total of 1,483 insect and disease collections were made in the region in 

1965 compared with 1,173 in 1964. This increase resulted in part, from the 

assignment of an additional technician to the region in 1965, thus providing a 

technician for each district. Special studies were carried out on two insects 

and one rust. One hundred fifty seven service calls were dealt with in 1965, a 

50 per cent increase over 1964. 

W. J. Miller

A 1 

Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn. 

Infestations of this major defoliator of broad-leaved trees increased in size 

and intensity in Pembroke, Tweed, and Kemptville districts in 1965, but only one 

colony of larvae was observed in. the Lindsay District. The total area of infestation 

in the region totalled about 2,000 square miles (see map). 

In Pembroke District, an extension in the area of light defoliation occurred 

south and east of the main infestation for a distance of 15 miles beyond the Pembroke- 

Tweed boundary. Severe defoliation of shade trees occurred in the Town of Pembroke 

and migrating larvae were observed on the walls of some residences. Heavy infestations 

persisted along the Ottawa River near Deep River in Rolph and Buchanan townships 

and around Round Lake in Alice, Fraser, and Richards townships. The infestation 

near Paugh Lake in Burns Township declined from heavy to moderate intensity. Light 

infestations were observed in McKay, Sherwood, and parts of Wylie and Petawawa townships. 

Three heavy infestations occurred in the Tweed District. One, near Halfway 

Lake in Radcliffe Township, increased in area to coalesce with scattered pockets 

of severe defoliation in Bangor Township and new pockets of severe defoliation were 

found near Arnprior in Haab Township and near Tweed in Kaladar Township. Pockets 

of light defoliation occurred across the northern part of the district and at one 

location near Hardwood Lake in Raglan Township. Larvae were found commonly on a 

variety of hardwoods throughout Lennox-Addington and Frontenac counties. 

Moderate to severe defoliation of trembling aspen stands occurred in an area 

of approximately 300 square miles in Russell, Dundas, Grenville, and Carleton 

counties in the Kemptville District. Scattered pockets of light infestation were 

observed in Kenyon, Lanark, Ramsay, Huntley, and Drummond townships. 

Pupae were examined at numerous locations in July and August to determine the 

degree of parasitism and successful adult emergence (see photograph). Results of 

this survey show little change in the degree of parasitism or in adult emergence 

during the past three years (Table 1).

Pembroke District 

A 2 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Cocoon Dissections in the 

Southeastern Forest Region from 1963 to 1965 

Per cent of cocoons Per cent adult 

parasitized Per cent other mortality emergence 

Location 1963 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Alice Twp. 62 

Buchanan Twp. 62 58 

Burns Twp. 59 63 

Jones Twp. 49 59 

Petawawa Twp. 41 

Richards Twp. 53 49 

Westmeath Twp. 27 43 

Wilberforce Twp. - 52 

Tweed District 

59. 2 3 - 

59 2 0 16 36 

60 0 0 0 41 

57 1 2 3 50' 

50 0 0 

62 5 3 0 42 

49 0 3 4 73 

49 - 8 13 

36 38 

42 25 

37 40 

39 40 

59 50 

48 38 

54 47 

40 38 

Bangor Twp. 48 50 

Kaladar Twp. 31 

McNab Twp. - 39 

Radcliffe Twp. 4-6 43 

Kemptville District 

50 49 

67 

60 

- 47 55 

Cambridge Twp. 

Clarence Twp. 

Mountain Twp. 

S. Plantagenet Twp. 

040 

53 

43 

52 

48 

2 - - 45 

3 - - 54 

4 - 44 

0 - 91 52 

In September egg band counts were taken at 25 locations in the region to forecast 

population trends and defoliation. These indicate that defoliation will be lighter 

in the Pembroke District in 1966 except in Buchanan, Burns, and Richards townships. 

In contrast, an upswing in population levels is forecast in Tweed and Kemptville 

districts (Table 2).

SOUTHEASTERN FOREST REGION 

DISTRICTS 

1 PEMBROKE 

2 LINDSAY 

3 TWEED 

4 KEMPTVILLE 

MILES 

40 

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR 

Areas in which defoliation 

occurred in 1965 

Legend 

Light defoliation 

Moderate to severe defoliation 

•••••••••••••1 

• • • • • 0 • 

} 

• • • • • •

A 3 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Band Counts in the 

Southeastern Forest Region in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. of sample 

trees in inches 

Av. no. of egg bands 

per tree 

1964 6 196 

Forecast for 

166 

Pembroke District 

Alice Twp. 

Bromley Twp. 

Buchanan Twp. 

Burns Twp. 

Cameron Twp. 

Dickens Twp. 

Fraser Twp. 

Head Twp. 

Master Twp. 

Richards Twp. 

S. Algona Twp. 

Stratton Twp. 

Westmeath Twp. 

White Twp. 

3 - 6.0 Heavy 

3 - 2.0 Moderate 

10 35.6 3.3 Light 

10 54.6 1.6 Light 

5 0 0 Nil 

8 2.6 0.6 Light 

10 50.3 19.0 Heavy 

5 4.3 0 Nil 

9 5.0 3.0 Light 

1Q 29.6 4.3 Light 

2 - 1.1 Light 

4 0 0 Nil 

5 10.6 3.0 Moderate 

10 0 0 Nil 


Brudenell Twp. 3 - 0 Nil 

Bangor Twp. 5 - 36.9 Heavy 

Kaladar Twp. 3 - 12.1 Heavy 

McNab Twp. 2 - 1.3 Moderate 

Olden Twp. 6 - 0 Nil 

Radcliffe Twp. 6 25.3 17.1 Heavy 


Cambridge Twp. 2 ... 7.3 Heavy 

Beckwith Twp. 3 - 0 Nil 

Osgoode Twp. 3 - 7.0 Heavy 

S. Plantagenet Twp. 2 - 9.6 Heavy 

Torbolton Twp, 2 

3.3 Moderate

A 4 

STATUS OF TREE DISEASES 

Armillaria Root Rot, Armillaria mellea (Vahl.ex Fr.) Kummer. 

Infection centres were observed more often in the Southeastern Forest Region 

in 1965 than in 1964. Pockets of infection with small numbers of dead Scots and 

red pine trees were observed in older plantations in Clarke and Darlington townships, 

Durham County, Lindsay District. 

Numerous dead trees were observed in an infection centre of about 5 acres in a 

mature stand of red pine trees in Bagot Township, Tweed District. Scattered small 

pockets of infection occurred on red and Scots pine plantings near the Town of 

Flinton in Kaladar Township. 

Pockets of infection were observed in 18-year old red pine plantings in 

Cambridge, Bathurst, and Ramsay townships, Kemptville District, and seven, twentythree 

and ten trees respectively were killed. 

Severe mortality occurred among mature red pine trees in a woodlot in Wilberforce 

Township, Pembroke District, where 15 of 100 trees examined were dead. In 

Clancy and Guthrie townships, of 100 trees examined, eight and four jack pine 

seedlings respectively had been girdled and killed by the shoestring root rot. 

Dutch Elm Disease, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism) C. Moreau 

The Dutch elm disease occurred throughout the Southeastern Region. Incidence 

of the disease increased at almost all sample points in 1965 compared with 1964 

(Table 3). Mortality at most sample points was high in 1965. The heaviest mortality 

occurred in the southern half of Lindsay District where the disease has persisted 

for the past nine years (see photograph). 

The first record of Dutch elm disease in Algonquin Park was recorded in 1965 

when a sample of elm taken in White Township returned a positive result. 

District 

TABLE 3 

Summary of the Occurrence of Dutch Elm Disease and of the Mortality 

in the Southeastern Region in 1964 and 1965 

Townshi 

No. of trees 

examined 

Per cent of 

trees diseased 

Per cent of 

trees dead 

16 196 196 16 

Lindsay Clarke 50 64 66 70 

Cramahe 50 6 8 38 44 

Ennismore 50 5 5 6 16 

Hamilton 50 7 6 35 70 

Hope 50 0 90 

Mariposa 100 20 78 

Minden 50 5 6 16 24 

Stanhope 50 7 8 16 20 

Tweed Ameliasburgh 100 2 29 10 5*

A 5 

TABU 3 (continued) 

District 

Townshi 

No. of trees 

examined 

Per cent of 

Per cent of 

trees diseased 

1964 1965 

trees dead 


Tweed Madoc-Tudor 100 12 22 20 22 

N. Marysburgh 100 6 35 24 7* 

Portland 50 4 2 

Thurlow 100 6 4 10 

Kemptville Augusta 50 10 8 4 6 

Drummond 50 8 6 2 4 

Goulbourn 50 2 2 2 2 

W. Hawksbury 50 2 0 0 2 

Pembroke Buchanan 93 38 2 17 

Fraser 38 34 3 

Head 51 24 12 

Maria 75 31 19 

N. Algona 62 21 1 5 

Pembroke 100 12 2 

Westmeath 59 25 49 22 39 

Wilberforce 25 8 0 

* Dead trees were felled in 1965 

Ink Spot of Aspen, Ciborinia whetzelii (Seay .) Seay. 

Incidence of the ink spot of aspen was lower in the Southeastern Region in 

1965 than in 1964. One patch of heavy infection occurred in Snowdon Township, 

Lindsay District, where a quantitative sample revealed that 95 per cent of the 

aspen in an area of approximately 20 acres was infected and approximately 5 per 

cent of the foliage per tree was diseased (see photograph). Very low levels 

of the disease prevailed at scattered locations in the remainder of the region. 

A Microcyclic Pine Needle Rust, Coleosporium pinicola (Arth.) Arth 

A decline in the number of infected jack pine trees occurred in the Southeastern 

Forest Region in 1965. In Clara Township, Pembroke District the rust remained 

in approximately the same area as in 1964 with little or no change in incidence. 

A marked decline occurred in Petawawa Township, Pembroke District; this was 

partially due to the removal of host trees in a pulp cutting operation (Table 4). 

No infections at sample points in Murchison and Westmeath townships in 

Pembroke District and in McNab Township in Tweed District, where very light 

infections occurred in 1964, were observed. 

In 1963 and 1964, a total of 24 seedlings consisting of 6 Austrian, 6 Scots, 

6 red and 6 lodgepole pine were transplanted directly under heavily infected trees 

in Clara Township to determine if the rust would infect hard pines other than the 

known host - jack pine. These seedlings were inspected in July and no evidence 

of infection was observed. Further examinations will be carried out in 1966.

A6 

Observations made in 1965 revealed that needles with two or more infections 

dropped prematurely while leaves with single infections remained intact at least 

until September. This indicates that areas of light infection would be inconspicuous. 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Incidence of Infection and Severity of Infection of 

Coleosporium pinicola on Jack Pine Trees at Two Locations 

in the Pembroke District 

Location No. of trees examined Incidence of infection Severity of infection 

(township)) 1963 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Clara 52 60 52 72 93 87 90 75 65 

Petawawa 37 42 21 49 64 29 70 35 15 

011•10Mialm 

White Pine Blister Rust, Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fischer 

Small patches of infection caused by the white pine blister rust fungus were 

common at scattered locations in the Southeastern Region in 1965. Small patches 

of heavy infection occurred in Pembroke and Lindsay districts and in the northern 

half of the Tweed District. A quantitative sample taken in a white pine plantation 

in Westmeath Township, Pembroke District revealed that 37 per cent of the trees 

were infected by the rust and 23 per cent were dead. 

Fomes Root Rot, Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke, 

Fruiting bodies of this pathogen were found in the Lindsay District for the 

first time, in September 1965. This represents an eastward extension of the 

previously known distribution of approximately 60 miles. Patches of tree mortality 

up to 100 feet in diameter occurred at several locations in one plantation of red 

and jack pine in the Northumberland County Forest in Haldimand Township (see 

photograph). Fifty spore traps for detecting the presence of F. annosus were 

exposed at various locations in the Southeastern Region during the summer of 1965. 

Results were negative. 

"Cedar-apple" Rust, Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Schw. 

This organism was common throughout the range of red juniper in the Tweed 

District, especially on trees growing on abandoned farms in the southern half of 

the district. 

Red cedars and junipers are infected during the summer by windborne spores 

from the leaves of alternate host trees such as apple, mountain ash, and hawthorn. 

A two-year development period on juniper is necessary before mature spores are 

released from golden-brown galls, reaching two inches in diameter, to complete 

the cycle.

7 

TABLE 5 

Summary of. Cedar-apple Rust Gall Counts 

in the Tweed District in 1965 

Township 

Av. d.b.h. 

No. trees 

in sample 

No. trees 

infected 

No. of galls 

per tree 

Ernestown 1 10 10 50+ 

Hungerford 1 5 1 12 

Huntingdon 2 10 6 100+ 

Kingston 2 10 10 50+ 

Loughborough 1 50 50 10 

Thurlow 3 10 10 50 

Camp Fire Fungus, Rhizina undulata Fr. 

Fruiting bodies of this pathogen were discovered in one plantation in the Ganaraska 

Forest in Clarke Township, Durham County in 1964. In 1965 there were no fruiting 

bodies found in the above plantation, but some were found in a nearby plantation 

that had been recently cut and the slash burned. Surveys were conducted throughout 

the rest of the Southeastern Forest Region in areas that had been burned over in 

1964 and in 1965 with negative results. 

The disease is known in Europe to occur in areas recently burned over. It is 

comparatively unknown in Ontario. In the Ganaraska Forest the Scots pine plantation 

had been clear cut and the slash burned. It was then replanted with red pine in 

the autumn of 1964. In 1965 a considerable amount of mortality of the young red 

pine was observed. A quantitative check in the plantation revealed that 57 per cent 

of the trees were dead. Although it is not conclusive that the trees were killed 

by R. undulata, it is of some significance that most of the dead trees were found 

to be in the burned over patches where the fruiting bodies of R. undulata had been found 

in 1964. 

Maple Deterioration 

As in 1964 dead and dying maple trees again were observed in 1965, at scattered 

locations throughout the Southeastern Region (see photograph). In general the 

incidence of this disease was low and was mainly confined to roadside trees scattered 

throughout Kemptville, Tweed, and Lindsay districts and in Cobden and Pembroke 

townships in the Pembroke District. Two exceptions were in Hamilton and Mariposa 

townships in the Lindsay District where a high incidence occurred. For the most 

part mortality of maple trees was low (Table 6).

A8 

TABLE 6 

Summary of the Occurrence of Deterioration and Mortality to Sugar 

Maple Trees in the Southeastern Region in 1965 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of 


No. of 

trees 

examined 

Per cent of 

trees . 

damaged 

Per cent of 

trees dead 

Lindsay District 

Asphodel 15 

Cavan 16 

Darlington 14 

Hamilton 12 

Hope 20 

Mariposa 15 

Ops 15 

Otonabee 12 

31 13 13 

50 4 0 

50 14 4 

20 70 5 

17 24 6 

50 5E 10 

50 40 0 

50 24 0 


Hungerford 14 

Sidney 15 

30 16 0 

50 28 4 


Finch 12 

Oxford 15 

50 

50 

Wind Damage 

In September, a tornado-like wind storm struck along the north sides of Red 

Pine and Kenissis lakes in Sherborne and Havelock townships in Haliburton County. 

The forest in this area is predominantly hardwood with intermixed and scattered white 

pine and hemlock. Most trees in the area where the wind struck were windthrown 

(see photograph). The area of destruction was two and three-quarter' miles long and 

up to one-quarter mile in width. The average width being approximately 500 feet. 

TABLE 7 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the Southeastern Region in 1965 

0 anism Host s Remark 

Apiosporina collinsii (Schw.) Hoehn Se, pCh 

Aureobasidium pullulans (deBary) 

Arnaud 

Infrequent in Clara and Preston 

twps. Pembroke District. 

During the past four years associated 

with brawling foliage in a 

small clump of jack pine in 

Burleigh Twp. Small amounts were 

found in Bastard Twp.

A 9 

Host(s) TABLE 7 (continued) 

Or Organism 

Coryneum negundinis Berk. & Curt. moM 

Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. rP 

Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. tA 

Dermea balsamea (Pk.) Seav, bF 

Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) Theis. 

& Syd. 

Eutypella parasitica Davidson & 

Lorenz 

Guignardia aesculi (Pk.) Stew. 

Hypodermella ampla (J. J. Davis) jP 

Dearn. 

Hypoxylon pruinatum (Klotsche) Cke. tA 

Melampsora abietis-canadensis 

Ludwig ex Arth. 

Melampsora medusae Thum. 

Peridermium sp. 

Pollaccia elegans Serv. 

Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) Bald. 

& Cif. 

Scoleconectria scolecospora (Bref.) bF 

Seav. 

Plum & 

Cherry 

sM 

hChe 

H 

tL 

scP 

bPo 

tA 

Remarks 

First herbarium record. Taken from 

Minden Twp., Lindsay District. 

Light infections in Kaladar Twp. 

Tweed District and Oxford Twp., 

Kemptville District. 

Low numbers of trees infected 

throughout the region. 

Occasional infections at one 

location in Somerville Twp. 

Common throughout the Southeastern 

Region. 

Occasional cankers in the hardwood 

forests of Haliburton County. 

Severe damage to the foliage of 

ornamentals throughout Haldimand 

Twp. 

High incidence throughout the 

Pembroke District. 

Cankers common throughout the 

region with scattered pockets of 

heavy infection and small numbers 

of trees killed. 

Very light in the Lindsay District. 

One new distribution record in 

Cambridge Twp, Kemptville District, 

Medium infections in small areas 

of Head and Cameron twps. Pembroke 

District, 

A 4-acre plantation near Flinton 

was severely infected by rust 

galls on the branches. 

Low incidence in Dysart Twp. 

Lindsay District and in Raglan 

Twp. Tweed District. 

Light infections caused by this 

shoot blight were common throughout 

the region in 1965. Small pockets 

of heavy infection occurred at 

scattered locations. In Snowdon 

Twp, 70 per cent of the trees in 

a small area were infected and 50 

per cent of the shoots per tree 

were blighted. 

Small clumps of trees were infected 

in Somerville Twp.

Organism 

A 10 

TABLE 7 (continued) 

Hosts 

Remarks 

Septoria musiva Pk. 

Steganosporium pyriforme 

(Hoffm. ex Fr.) Cda. 

Wetwood of elm 

bPo 

Severe damage to trees in one area 

in Anstruther Twp. Light damage 

in Oxford Twp. A small pocket of 

heavy infection in Raglan Twp. 

sM Found occasionally in Cardiff, 

Dalton, Haldimand, Preston, and 

Alice twps. Low incidence in 

Tweed District. 

E Common in the southern half of the 

Lindsay District. Very few infections 

were observed elsewhere - 

in the region.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN LINDSAY DISTRICT 

Page 

Cedar Leaf Miners 

Larch Casebearer 

Lace Bugs 

Nursery Pine Sawfly 

European Spruce Sawfly 

Introduced Pine Sawfly 

White-pine Shoot Borer 

Birch Leaf Miner 

Root and Stump Weevils 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar 

Balsam-fir Sawfly 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly. 

Black-headed Jack-pine Sawfly 

A Jack-pine Sawfly 

European Pine Sawfly 

White Grubs 

White-pine Weevil 

Larch Sawfly 

Elm European Pine Shoot Moth 

Bark Beetles 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects 

Argyresthia s pp. etc A 11 

Coleophora laricella Hbn A 11 

Corythucha spp... A 11 

Diprion frutetorum (F.) A 12 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) A 12 

Diprion similis (Htg.) A 13 

Eucosma gloriola Heinr A 13 

Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) A 14 

Hylobius pales Boh A 14 

and Pissodes approximatus Hopk. A 14 

Malacosoma americanum (F.) A 14 

Neodiprion abietis complex A 15 

Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) A 15 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh.A 15 

Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus 

Ross A 15 

Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) A 16 

Phyllophaga spp A 16 

Pissodes strobi (Peck) A 17 

Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) A 17 

Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff) A 18 

Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) A 18 

and Hylurgopinus rufipes Eich A 18 

A 18 

Wm. J. Miller

A 11 

Cedar Leaf Miners, Argyresthia spp. and Pulicalvaria thujaella Kft. 

Infestations of these leaf miners increased in area and intensity in 1965 

compared with 1964. Heavy infestations persisted throughout the southern half of 

the district and light infestations occurred in most of the northern half of the 

district. 

Mining and shedding of the foliage for four consecutive years has left the 

crowns of most of the white cedar trees in the southern half of the district very 

sparsely foliated (see photograph). 

Populations of Pulicalvaria thujaella Kft. and Argyresthia thuiella Pack. 

were heavier in 1965 than in 1964, but Argyresthia aureoargentella Brower populations 

were lower. 

Larch Casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hbn. 

A heavy infestation of this casebearer occurred on a small group of European 

larch trees in the Provincial tree nursery at Orono. Defoliation was confined 

largely to the bottom half of the trees. Light infestations were common in the 

rest of the district. Populations at sample points remained at approximately the 

same level as in 1964 (Table 8). 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in Lindsay District 

from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of trees 

in inches 

Av. no. of larvae er 18-inch branch tip_ 

1963 1964 1965 

Anson 7 2.0 0.1 0.2 

Asphodel 7 3.0 0.6 1.2 

Cardiff 7 1.0 0.1 0.3 

Dysart 9 0.7 0.1 0.0 

Galway 9 1.0 0.0 0.1 

Haldimand 9 0.2 0.2 0.2 

Hamilton 7 3.9 6.9 4.7 

Harvey 7 1.4 0.0 1,0 

Minden 9 1.8 0.0 0.0 

Snowdon 7 0.5 0.0 0.1 

Somerville 7 3.7 0.1 0.1 

Stanhope 9 1.2 1.0 0.4 

Lace Bugs, Corythucha sPP• 

A complex of lace bugs occurred on various deciduous trees in the district in 

1965. Heavy infestations occurred on yellow birch in small areas in Harburn Township, 

on oak in Cavendish, Seymour, Brighton, and Murray townships, on elm in most 

of Seymour Township and on butternut trees in Laxton Township.

A 12 

The lace, bugs collected most frequently in 1965 were: Corythucha ulmi 0. & D. 

on elm, Corythucha elegans Drake on birch, Corythucha pergandei Heidmann on elm 

and birch and Corythucha arcuata mali Gib. on oak. 

Nursery Pine Sawfly, Diprion frutetorum (F.) 

Low populations of this sawfly persisted on Scots pine throughout the district 

in 1965. Variations in numbers in tray samples compared with 1963 and 1964 do 

not indicate any noteworthy changes in population levels (Table 9). 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Nursery Pine Sawfly Larval Counts Taken 

in Lindsay District from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

townshi 

Av. d.b.h. 

of trees 

in inches 

Total number of larvae 

per sample 

196 1964 1965 

Burleigh 3 

12 20 1 

Cartwright 5 14 40 37 

Clarke 4 30 40 7 

Cramahe 4 - 12 33 

Darlington 4 22 30 0 

Fenelon 4 6 17 11 

Haldimand 3 10 8 23 

Hope 3 8 20 11 

Manvers 3 14 17 5 

Snowdon 3 7 0 9 

Somerville 3 1 0 16 

European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) 

Light infestations occurred on spruce trees throughout the district in 1965. 

A small increase in population levels occurred at most sample points compared with 

1963 and 1964 (Table 10). 

TABLE 10 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts 


Av. d.b.h. 


Location 

of trees 

per 15-tray sample 

(township) inches 1963 16 1962 

Carden 14 0 0 2 

Cardiff 9 3 4 9 


Galway 15 20 0 29 

Havelock 9 0 12 2 

Laxton 17 25 11 34 

Sherborne 9 10 8 30 

Snowdon 9 5 6 11 

Somerville 14 10 12 23 

Stanhope 11 5 9 19

A 13 

Introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.) 

Light infestations have persisted in Cartwright, Manvers, and Clarke townships 

in Durham County and in the southern part of Fenelon Township in Victoria County 

for three consecutive years. No eastward extension of the infestation has occurred 

in the past two years. Population levels remained at approximately the same level 

in 1965 as in 1964 except at one location in Manvers Township where a small decline 

occurred (Table 11). 

TABLE U 

Summary of Introduced Pine Sawfly Larval Counts 


Av. d.b.h. -Total number of larvae 

Location of trees per 15-tray sample 

(township) in inches 1963 1965 


Manvers 5 5 13 2 

Clarke 4 0 1 2 

Fenelon 3 10 3 1 

White-pine Shoot Borer, Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 

Light infestations became more widespread in the Lindsay District in 1965 than 

in 1964. The heavy infestation in a white pine plantation in Brighton Township 

declined to light intensity (Table 12). The closing of the crowns of the trees in 

this plantation was probably responsible for the decline. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Shoot Damage Caused By The White-pine Borer 

in Pine Plantations in Lindsay District 


Note: One hundred trees examined at each location. 

Av. d.b.h. No. of trees Av. no. of infested 

Location Tree of trees infested in shoots per tree 

(township) species in inches 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Brighton wP 7 56 2.6 2.0 

1.5 

Clarke rP 4 18 1.0 1.0 1.0 

Haldimand rP 4 2 0.0 0.0 1.0

A 14 

Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pysilla (Lep.) 

Heavy infestations of this insect persisted in scattered clumps of young white 

birch throughout the district in 1965. Populations were heavier at most sample 

points than in 1964 (Table 13). 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Birch Leaf Miner Damage in Lindsay District 

1963 to 1965 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 leaves taken at random from 

three white birch trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

Per cent of leaves mined 

Total no. of mines 

196 1964 1965 19638 1964 1965 

Brighton 8 5 8 12 8 8 

Clarke 11 6 9 44 10 14. 

Eyre 4 2 75 8 6 150 

Harburn 2 50 50 4 151 150 

Havelock 2 4 10 5 9 16 

Pales Weevil, Hylobius pales Boh. 

Northern Pine Weevil, Pissodes approximatus Hopk. 

Heavy infestations, and severe damage caused by these root and stump weevils, 

occurred on pines in Durham and Northumberland counties in 1965. The damage was 

caused by the adult weevils feeding on the tender bark of the branches and twigs 

and flagging resulted. In many Christmas tree plantations in infested areas, the 

discoloured foliage reduced the quality and number of marketable trees. 

The infestations were mainly in plantations where Christmas trees had been 

harvested in recent years. 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.) 

Heavy infestations occurred on fencerows in Harvey and Lutterworth townships. 

Light infestations were observed commonly in the rest of the district. Populations 

increased in 1965 compared with 1964, particularly in Harvey and Lutterworth townships 

(Table 14).

A 15 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts 

in Lindsay District 1963 to 1965 

Location 

No. of tents observed per mile of roadside 

(township) 1963 1964 1965 

Glamorgan 2 1 5 

Guilford 2 1 1 

Harvey 47 58 130 

Lutterworth 46 42 104 

Manvers 0 0 2 

Minden 92 38 52 

Percy 3 2 11 

Snowdon 10 23 2 

Balsam-fir Sawfly, Neodiprion abietis complex 

Light infestations of this sawfly persisted at scattered locations in the 

Lindsay District. The highest numbers were observed in Manvers Township, where 

light infestations occurred in approximately 500 acres of pole-sized balsam fir. 

In past years two separate larval populations occurred in early summer and in 

mid-summer but in 1965 only the early summer population was present. 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) 

Pockets of heavy infestation of this sawfly occurred in red pine plantations 

and in scattered clumps of jack pine in Haliburton and Peterborough counties and in 

the Victoria County forest in Somerville Township. Defoliation in most instances 

was in excess of 50 per cent in plantations and frequently as high as 100 per cent 

on individual trees. Light infestations occurred at scattered locations in 

Haliburton and Peterborough counties and in the northern part of Victoria County. 

Two small pockets of light infestation were observed in Hope and Clarke townships 

in Durham County. 

Black-headed Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. 

A small pocket of heavy infestation of this sawfly occurred on jack pine in 

Belmont Township, Peterborough County. Very light infestations and small numbers 

of colonies were found in scattered groups of jack pine in Minden Township in the 

western part of Haliburton County, in Dalton Township in the northern part of 

Victoria County, and in Chandos Township in Peterborough County. Population levels 

declined in Dalton Township from an average of 7.4 colonies per tree in 1964 to 

1.2 colonies per tree in 1965. 

A Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross 

Small pockets of heavy infestation occurred on jack pine in Burleigh, Anstruther 

and Chandos townships in Peterborough County and in Glamorgan Township in 

Haliburton County. A small pocket of light infestation was observed in Dysart 

Township, Haliburton County. In Anstruther Township 100 per cent of the jack 

pine trees at one sample point were infested with an average of 2.4 colonies per 

tree.

A 16 

European Pine Sawfly, Neodi prion sertifer (Geoff.) 

Infestations of this sawfly extended across the southern three-quarters of 

Durham County and through Haldimand and Hamilton townships in Northumberland County. 

This represented a three-fold increase in the area of infestation , compared with 1964. 

Areas of heavy infestation occurred in a small part of Cartwright Township, almost 

all of Darlington Township and a small part of the we st sid e of Clarke Township. 

Small pockets of heavy infestation also occurred in Scots pine plantations in 

Haldimand and Hamilton townships (see map). 

Larval populations within the areas of heavy infestation were very high. At 

one location in Darlington Township a 15-acre plantation of Scots pine had an 

average of 19.2 colonies of larvae per tree and every tree was infested (Table 15). 

Control measures using insecticides in individual plantations were for the 

most part very successful. I n 1965 a polyhedral virus was introduced in heavy 

infestations with good results. Large numbers of diseas ed and dead larvae were 

collected for virus multiplication to provide larger amounts of the virus for 

distribution in 1966. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of European Pine Sawfly Colony Counts 

in Lindsay District 1963 to 1965 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 Scots pine trees at each 

location. 

Location 

(township) 

No 

. trees infested 


Average no. of colonies per tree 

1963 1964 19 5 

Darlington 0 .45 2.50 0.00 

Darlington 100 19.20 

Haldimand ,100 .15 .00 10.00 

Cartwright 5 .25 8.52 0.20 

White Grubs, Phyllophaga Spp. 

In Lindsay District white grubs are mainly an agricultural problem. However, in 

some parts of Ontario they are a serious pest in tree nurseries and in new plantations. 

White grubs have a 3-year life cycle and severe damage usually occurs in the 

year after the eggs are laid, June beetles (adults of white grubs) are plentiful 

in the third year. The beetles feed on the foliage of deciduous trees after 

emerging from the ground, then mate and lay eggs in the sod. The eggs hatch and 

the grubs feed on shallow roots. Damage is most severe in the second year when 

the grubs feed on the roots of plants throughout the summer. There is very little 

feeding in the third year before the grubs develop into beetles, and complete the 

3-year cycle.

LINDSAY DISTRICT 

MILES 

10 0 40 

20 1---1 1-4 20 

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY 

Areas in which infestations 

occurred in 1964 and 1965 

Legend 

Area of infestation 1964.. 

Area of infestation 1965. 

•

A17 

Populations of white grubs were very heavy in the Lindsay District in 1965. 

Adult beetles were numerous in mid-summer and caused considerable defoliation to 

deciduous trees at scattered locations. There was little or no damage to the 

roots of trees in nurseries and plantations. 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

Heavy infestations of this weevil occurred in pine plantations in Galway 

Township in Peterborough County, in Dalton Township in Victoria County and in a 

small pocket of ornamental pines in Guilford Township, Haliburton County. Scattered 

pockets of medium infestation occurred in Harvey and Chandos townships in Peterborough 

County. Light infestations were common in the rest of the district. 

Populations of the weevil were very low in the county forests managed by the 

Department of Lands and Forests. This was no doubt the result of control measures 

taken by departmental personnel in the past few years. 

Populations of the weevil were heaviest on Scots and white pine in plantations 

in Galway and Dalton townships. A quantitative sample was taken in a 100-acre 

plantation in Galway Township containing 45 per cent white pine, 45 per cent Scots 

pine, 8 per cent red pine, and 2 per cent jack pine. None of the red or jack pine 

trees were attacked by the weevil but 58 per cent of the Scots pine and 30 per cent 

of the white pine were infested (Table 16). 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil 

in Lindsay District in 1964 and 1965 

Note: One hundred trees were examined at each location. 

Location 

Township 

Av. d.b.h. 

of trees 

in i ches 

Tree species 

Degree 

of 

shade 

Per cent of trees weevilled 

64 19 


Galway 3 

scP open 

58 

" 

3 

wP 

30 

3 

rP 

" IS= 

0 

3 jP 0 

Dalton 2 scP 10 27 

Harvey 

2 

wP 15 

Chandos 

2 

wP It 

15 

Stanhope 3 

wP 40 5 

Hamilton 4 wP 25 2 

Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) 

Population levels of this sawfly were lower in 1965 than in recent years. 

However, two heavy infestations persisted on large European larch in plantations 

in the Northumberland and Durham county forests. Light infestations occurred in 

small areas of tamarack in Galway, Manvers, Lutterworth, and Somerville townships. 

Individual larval colonies were found at widely-scattered locations in the rest 

of the district.

A 18 

Heavy mortality of late instar larvae occurred in one plantation in Haldimand 

Township where large numbers of dead larvae were found on the ground around the 

base of the trunk of every tree examined. Samples of dead larvae were sent to 

the Insect Pathology Research Institute in Sault Ste. Marie to determine if disease 

was responsible for the mortality of the insects but none was found. It is probable 

that the mortality in 1965 will result in lower populations at this location in 

1966. 

European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff) 

A heavy infestation of this shoot moth occurred in a 10-acre red pine plantation 

in Cramahe Township, Northumberland County. This infestation has persisted for 

the past four years and has caused considerable distortion of the crowns of host 

trees. One hundred per cent of the trees examined in 1965 and 80 per cent of the 

bud clusters were infested by overwintering larvae. This compares with 1964 when 

100 per cent of the trees and 87 per cent on the bud clusters were infested. Medium 

and light infestations persisted on roadside pine plantings in Clarke and Darlington 

townships. 

Elm Bark Beetles, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) 

Hylurgopinus rufipes Eich. 

The known areas of infestation of the smaller European elm bark beetle, 

Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) spread northward into Peterborough and Victoria 

counties in 1965. The infestation extended approximately 13 miles northward from 

Lake Scugog to Manilla in Mariposa Township, and approximately 16 miles northward 

from Rice Lake to the City of Peterborough. From this point eastward the area of 

new infestation tapered southward to the north boundary of the 1964 infestation 

near Norwood in Asphodel Township. No increase in the area of infestation was 

observed east of Norwood in 1965 (see map). 

Populations of the native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes Eich. were 

heavy throughout the district in 1965. The heaviest infestation was in Asphodel 

Township, Peterborough County where 148 beetle galleries per square foot of the 

inner surface of the bark were counted on elm sample logs. 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected 

in Lindsay District 

Insect 

Acleris cornana McD. 

Adelges abietis Linn. 

Adelges lariciatus (Patch) 

Host a Remarks 

Do Light infestation in a small area 

of Percy Twp. 

wS Heavy infestation in 5 acres of 

spruce in Manvers Twp. 

wS Small numbers in Stanhope, Dysart, 

Monmouth, and Anstruther twps. 

Heavy at one location in Monmouth 

Twp.

LINDSAY DISTRICT 

MI L ES 

20 40 

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE 

Known range of distribution 

In 1961 

Legend 

r 

In 1963 

111”0“0 

0"0"0 

In 1965

A 19 


Insect Host (s) Remarks 

Anacampsis innocuella Zell 

Altica corni Woods 

Aphrophora parallela Say 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch 

Archips fervidana Clem. 

Baliosus ruber Web. 

Caripeta divisata Wlk. 

Cecidomyia verrucicola (0.S.) 

Chrysopeleia ostryaella Cham. 

Coleophora ulinifoliella MacD. 

Colopha ulmicola (Fitch) 

Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.) 

Croesia semipurpurana Kft. 

Conophthorus coniperda Sw. 

Conophthorus resinosae Hopk. 

ltA Medium infestations in small areas 

of Hindon, Sherborne, Somerville, 

and Burleigh twps. Small numbers 

in Chandos Twp. 

Do Light infestation in small patches 

in Percy Twp. 

scP Heavy infestations in Hamilton and 

Cavan twps. Light infestations in 

Dalton and Anson twps. Small 

numbers in the rest of the district. 

eCh Heavy infestations in small areas 

of Mariposa and Hope twps. Very 

light in the rest of the district. 

A quantitative sample in Mariposa 

Twp. gave 149 tents per mile of 

roadside. 

r0 Light infestation at one location 

in Haldimand Twp. Small numbers 

were found in Clarke and Manvers 

twps, 

Ba Light infestation in Curve Lake 

Indian Reserve in Smith Twp. 

Decreased from a heavy infestation 

in 1964. 

bF Small numbers found at balsam 

fir plot 804 in Somerville Twp, 

Ba Heavy infestation in small patches 

in Hamilton Twp. 

I Light infestation at one location 

in Brighton Twp. 

E 

Heavy infestations in Cobourg in 

Haldimand Twp, and in Clarke Twp. 

Light infestation in one small 

E 

patch of elm in N. Monaghan Twp. 

Light infestation at one location 

in Haldimand Twp, 

sM Small amounts found at scattered 

locations in Stanhope, Cartwright, 

and Otonabee twps, 

O 

Medium infestation in approximately 

10 acres of oak in th Durham 

County Forest. 

wP Light populations in scattered 

plantations of wP in the county 

forests, 

rP Light populations in red pine 

plantations throughout the 

district.

A 20 


Insect Host (5) Remarks 

Ecdytolopha insiticiana Zell. 

Elaphidionoides parallelum Newn. r0 

Eriophyidae on wP 

Exoteleia dodecella Linn, scP 

Fenusa ulmi Sund. 

Feralia jocosa Gn. 

Gonioctena americana Schaeff. 

Gretchena delicatana Heinr. 

Hydria prunivorata Fern. 

Lo 

wP 

E 

bF 

tA 

I 

bCh 

Hyphantria cunea Dru. wAs 

Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria bF 

Gn. 

Lithocolletis hamadryadella Clem. w0 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. tA 

Heavy infestations in small clumps 

of locust trees in Brighton, 

Cramahe, and Haldimand twps. in Northumberland 

County. 

Light infestations in Victoria, 

Haliburton, and Northumberland 

counties. In Lutterworth Twp., 

Victoria County there were 140 

branches cut from one tree by the 

twig pruner. 

Light infestations throughout the 

district on understory white pine. 

Heavy infestation in a 20-acre 

plantation in Cramahe Twp. 

Heavy infestation on wyche elms 

in the town of Cobourg and on white 

elms in N. Monaghan Twp. 

Light infestations in small patches 

of balsam fir in Somerville and 

Minden twps. 

Very light infestations in small 

patches in Anstruther and Dysart 

twps. 

Light infestations in Stanhope 

Twp. The district-wide infestation 

reported in 1964 has declined 

to a very low level in 1965. 

Heavy infestation in a small area 

in Glamorgan Twp. Light at 

scattered locations in the rest 

of the district. 

Very small numbers occurred throughout 

the district. The counts at 

all sample points in the district 

were one tent per mile of roadside 

or less. 

Very small numbers were found in 

tray samples at bF plot 804 in 

Somerville Twp. 

Heavy infestation in.200 acres in 

Hamilton Twp. Northumberland County. 

Heavy infestation on a few trees 

in the Provincial tree nursery at 

Orono. Light infestations in small 

patches in Seymour Twp.

A 21 


Insect Host Remarks 

Monoctenus fulvus (Nort.) 

Nematus spp. (see Phyllocolpa spp.) 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. rP 

Neodiprion pinetum (Nort.) 

Phyllocolpa spp. 

Phytagromyza populicola (Hal.) 

Pikonema alaskensis (Koh.) 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) Mo 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

ee 

wP 

Po 

1Po 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. to 

Schizolachnus piniradiatae (Dav.) rP 

Setoptus jonesi (Keifer) 

wB 

rP 

Low populations throughout the 

district. The highest population 

check was in Garden Twp. where 7 

larvae were recovered from 15 tray 

samples. 

Light infestation on roadside trees 

in Chandos Twp, 

Small numbers of colonies found in 

Somerville, Cavendish, and 

Snowdon twps. 

Light infestations were common 

throughout the Lindsay District in 

1965. Populations were lighter than 

in 1964. The highest infested leaf 

count being 25% of the leaves 

infested, in Stanhope Twp. 

Heavy infestations on clumps of 

Lombardy poplar throughout the 

district. 

Heavy infestation at one location 

in Minden Twp. Light infestations 

in small patches in Manvers and 

Cartwright twps. Very small numbers 

in the rest of the district. 

Small patches of heavy infestation 

occurred in Hope, Hamilton, and 

Haldimand twps. Populations 

otherwise declined to a very low 

level in 1965. 

Heavy infestation on regeneration 

white birch in small areas of 

Darlington Twp. 

Light infestations in small areas 

in Chandos and Anstruther twps. 

Heavy infestations in plantations 

in Asphodel, Guilford, and Methuen 

twps. Light in the rest of the 

district. 

Heavy infestation in 20 acres of 

red pine plantation in Stanhope Twp. 

Almost all of the current years 

foliage on approximately 70 per cent 

of the trees in the plantation was 

damaged.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN TWEED DISTRICT 

Cherry Ugly-nest Caterpillar Archips cerasivoranus Fitch A 22 

Cedar Leaf Miner Argyresthia thuiella Pack. A 22 

Pine Tube Moth Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kft. A 22 

A Miner on Ironwood Chrysopeleia ostryaella Chamb. A 22 

Larch Casebearer Coleophora laricella Hbn. A 22 

Nursery Pine Sawfly Diprion frutetorum (F.) A 23 

European Spruce Sawfly , Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) A 24 

Pine Bud Moth Exoteleia dodecella Linn. A 24 

'Elm Leaf Miner Fenusa ulmi Sund. A 25 

Pine Root Collar Weevil Hylobius radicis Buch. A 25 

Fall Webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury) A 25 

Cedar Sawfly Monoctenus fulvus (Nort.) A 25 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar Malacosoma americanum (F.) A 26 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) A 26 

Jack-pine Sawfly 


Ross A 27 

Maple Leaf Cutter Paraclemensia acerifoliella 

(Fitch) A 27 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly Pikonema alaskensis Roh. A 27 

White Pine Weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) A 28 

Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) A 28 

A Leaf Roller on Aspen Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. A 28 

Elm Bark Beetles Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) 

and Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichh.) A 28 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects A 29 

Page 

F. Livesey

A 22 

Cherry Ugly-nest Caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus Fitch 

This insect increased in abundance in 1965, particularly in Prince Edward 

County. Heavy infestations occurred on clumps of cherry at Milford in South Marysburgh 

Township, near Cherry Valley in Athol Township, and along one road in Ameliasburgh 

Township where populations were so high that the host trees were completely 

enveloped by webbing. Population levels were low elsewhere in the district except 

at Wolfe Lake in Bedford Township and near Eldorado in Madoc Township, where 

numerous tents were observed. Results of quantitative sampling are shown in Table 8. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Cherry Ugly nest Caterpillar Colony Counts per Mile 

of Roadside in the Tweed District in 1964 and 1965 

Township 

Total number of larval tents observed 

19641965 

Ameliasburgh 

Athol 

Oso 

3 

1000+ 

237 

8 

Cedar Leaf Miner, Argyresthia thuiella Packard 

An abrupt decline in numbers of leaf miners on cedar was evident in areas 

which previously had supported high populations. Heavy infestations that had 

persisted for several years in the southern part of the district, seriously thinning 

the crowns of host trees, subsided to a low level in 1965. 

Pine Tube Moth, Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kearfott 

A medium-to-heavy infestation of this tubemaker occurred on ornamental and 

shoreline white pine trees in Kennebec Township in Frontenac County and in a mixedage 

stand near Oak Lake in Sidney Township, Hastings County. Light infestations 

were observed across the northern half of the district. 

A Miner on Ironwood, Chrysopelia ostryaella , 

Chambers 

The heavy infestations of this leaf miner reported in Olden, Oso, Kaladar, 

Kennebec, and Sheffield townships in 1964 subsided in 1965. A pocket of light 

infestation occurred in a farm woodlot near Stirling in Hastings County. 

Larch Casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hubner 

Casebearer populations remained at an extremely low level throughout the 

district. Pupae collected in a sample plot at Millbridge and reared in the laboratory 

revealed that 10 per cent were parasitized. Results of quantitative 

sampling are shown in Table 9.

8 OMNI 

A 23 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in the Tweed District 


Note: Counts were made on sixteen 18-inch branch tips, four from the mid-crown of 

each of four trees. 

Location 

township 

d.b.h. of 


Av. no. of larvae per 18-inch branch tip 

1963 1964 1965 

Bagot 6 4.2 0.2 0.2 

Barrie 4 0.6 0.9 0.1 

Carlow 4 1.0 1.8 0 

Cashel 5 2.6 0.2 0.2 

Elzevir 7 3.0 1.8 0.8 

Faraday 3 0.6 0.1 0.2 

Kaladar 4 0.6 

Olden 6 1.0 1.8 0.2 

Palmerston 5 0.6 0.4 0.3 

Tudor 4 1.0 0.2 0.2 

Wollaston 4 0.6 1.2 0 


This sawfly occurred commonly on Scots pine trees in the southern half of the 

district, especially on trees more than fifteen feet in height. Large numbers of 

a predator, Sinea diadema Fabricius, were observed at a sample location in 

Tyendinaga Township. Larval counts made on Scots pine trees are summarized in 

Table 10. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Nursery Pine Sawfly Larval Counts 

in the Tweed District from 1963 to 1965 


Av. d.b.h. of 


Township trees in inches 1963 964 1965 

Tyendinaga 

Sidney 

Hungerford 

Elzevir 

2 25 35 

3 43 29 

3 4 10 4 

8

A 24 


An appreciable increase in numbers of larvae of this insect was recorded at 

most sample points (Table 11). Although the insect is a potentially serious 

defoliator of all species of spruce and caused severe damage in the Maritime 

Provinces in the 'thirties, no serious infestations have occurred in Ontario. 

TABLE 11 


in Tweed District from 1962 to 1965 

Township 

Av. d.b.h. of wS 




1962 1963 1964 1965 

Dungannon 7 11 5 6 4 

Faraday 9 12 7 2 13 

Herschel 6 16 6 6 70 

Hungerford 6 16 3 7 15 

Limerick 5 6 4 6 18 

McLure. 3 12 27 11 10 

McNab 5 58 39 3 12 

Wicklow 5 11 7 2 3 

Wollaston 8 1 0 6 12 

Oso 6 - - - 12 

Brougham 4 - - 6 

Pine Bud Moth, Exoteleia dodecella Linn. 

Small numbers of buds on Scots and Mugho pines were infested by this introduced 

insect at scattered locations. The adult lays eggs on the needles in late June or 

early July and the newly-hatched larvae enter the needles where they feed and 

remain over winter. The larvae leave the needles in the spring and enter the 

developing buds, feed and pupate, and emerge as adults in June. Results of quantitative 

sampling showed a decline in population levels in recent years (Table 12). 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damaged Buds Caused by the European Pine Bud Moth 


Note: Counts are based on the examination of 

Scots pine trees. 

50 bud clusters from each of four 

Location 

Per cent of buds destroyed 

196 196 196 

Kaladar 60 3.0 2.5 

Hinchinbrooke 12.0 7.0 2.0 

Sheffield 29.0 12.0 4.0

Elm Leaf Miner Fenusa ulmi Sund. 

Heavy infestations of this miner occurred on slippery elm in all age classes 

at scattered locations in the south half of the district. White elm and rock elm 

were not infested even when their branches projected into the crowns of heavily 

infested slippery elm trees. The highest populations were observed south of the 

village of Moira in Huntingdon Township and along the Stoco-Marlbank road in 

Hungerford Township. In the Moira infestation the leaves were severely mined and 

entire tree crowns were brown by the end of June. 

Pine Root Collar Weevil, Hylobius radicis Buch. 

Six per cent of the trees in a small Scots pine Christmas tree plantation at 

Flinton in Kaladar Township were killed by girdling just below ground level. A 

windbreak of 8-inch d.b.h. Scots pine on a dry ridge in Sheffield Township is also 

infested, but little mortality has resulted as yet. These are the first recorded 

occurrences of this potentially dangerous insect in the district. 

Overwintering pupae from Flinton were obtained through the co-operation of 

the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests for rearing in the Forest Insect 

Laboratory in Sault Ste. Marie, and emerged adults were identified as H. radicis. 

Typical damage is shown in the accompanying photograph. 

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) 

The fall webworm was observed most commonly in the southern part of the district, 

especially on willow and elm trees along the shores of Hay Bay in Lennox-Addington 

County, and along roadsides in Prince Edward County. Thirteen larval tents were 

observed in one mile of roadside in Storrington Township in Frontenac County. None 

have been found at five other sample points for the past two years. 

Cedar Sawfly, Monoctenus fulvus Nort. 

Although a slight increase in numbers of this insect occurred at most permanent 

sample points population levels were generally low (Table 13). Counts ranged from 

a low of 5 larvae per 15-tray sample to a high of 70 larvae in a sample from 

Limerick Township. No appreciable defoliation was observed in the district. 

Township. 

Admaston 

Bangor 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Cedar Sawfly Larval Counts 

in Tweed District, 1963-1965 


Av. d.b.h. of 


trees in inches 1 6 1 6 

l'6 

6 

5 

37 

1 

29 

0 

11 

23 

Dungannon 5 4 0 18 

Huntingdon 4 3 0 34 

Kennebec 4 6 

Kingston 2 

.1.17 

5 

Limerick 3 2 0 70 

McNab 4 8 

Matawachan 6 69 16 9 

Oso 6 8 16 8 

Rawdon 4 3 3 29 

Sheffield 6 7 

Sidney 4 12 

Wollaston 4 2 30 13

A 26 


Heavy infestations occurred on cherry and apple throughout the district. 

Highest population levels occurred south of the village of Kaladar where 538 primary 

tents were counted along one mile of roadside cherry trees. Heavy infestations 

also occurred in Madoc, Grattan, Oso, and Radcliffe townships. High population 

levels reported in 1964 in Thurlow, McNab, and Raglan townships declined slightly. 

Table 14 lists the counts made in recent years and the accompanying map shows 

the location of sample points and the number of tents observed at each point in 1965. 

TABLE 14 


in Tweed District, 1963-1965 

Number of tents observed per mile of roadside 

Township 1963 1964 1965 

Bagot 30 74 14 

Elzevir 51 47 16 

Faraday 51 15 15 

Grattan - 114 

Griffith 0 26 39 

Hinchinbrooke 123 63 73 

Lyndoch 10 49 10 

Madoc - - 114 

McNab - - 46 

Oso 147 93 103 

Radcliffe 0 109 62 

Raglan 0 96 41 

Sheffield 142 112 538 

Thurlow - 82 40 

Wicklow 12 6 7 

Wollaston 8 12 3 


Several heavy infestations occurred in young red pine plantations in the eastern 

and northern parts of the district. Small red pine plantations in McNab Township 

in Renfrew County, Olden Township in Frontenac County, and Elzevir Township in 

Hastings County were severely defoliated. Numerous colonies occurred on a group of 

twenty-foot-high ornamental red pines in Olden Township. Light infestations were 

common throughout the district. Results of quantitative sampling are shown in 

Table 15.

A 27 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts 


Location 

township. 

Tree 

species 

No. trees 

examined 

Av. 

height No. trees 

of trees infested 

Av, no. of colonies 

per infested tree 

196 l'6 196 

Olden 

McNab 

Effingham 

Thurlow 

Grattan 

Elzevir 

rP 

rP 

rP 

jP 

rP 

rP 

20 3 16 2.1 

50 5 50 1.3 1.3 6.0 

100 6 3 1.3 

16 25 2 4.0 1.0 1.0 

100 3 5 1.0 1.0 

100 4 45 1.2 

Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross 

Heavy infestations of this sawfly persisted on jack pine trees at numerous 

locations in the district, and populations were particularly high on open-grown 

trees. More than fifty colonies per tree were observed along Highway 7 in Marmora 

Township, (Table 16). Many trees have been killed by recurring heavy infestations 

in this area. Severe defoliation also occurred in Hungerford, Thurlow, Bangor, 

Elzevir, McNab, and Horton townships. Moderate damage was observed on small groups 

of trees in Olden and Abinger townships (see map). 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts 


Location 

townshi 

Av. d.b.h. of 


Av. no. of colonies er tree 

1963 1964 1965 

Elzevir 7 3.1 5.2 8.5 

Hungerford 7 2.0 3.2 14.1 

Marmora 8 50+ 50+ 50+ 

Olden 4 7.0 8.1 

Abinger 3 1.7 

McNab 5 21.7 

Bangor 3 9.5 

Maple Leaf Cutter, Paraclemensia acerifoliella Fitch 

An abrupt decline in numbers was noted except on understory trees in Palmerston 

and Clarendon townships where heavy infestations were observed. Heavy infestations 

that occurred in recent years in Oso and Hinchinbrooke townships declined to light 

infestations. 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis Roh 

Control measures carried out against this insect in 1964 in the Moira River

TWEED DISTRICT 

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR 

Encircled figures indicate number 

of tents observed along one measured 

mile of roadside in 1965.


Collection Points of Various Species 

of Pine Sawflies 

Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) 

Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross 

Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) 


Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. 

Neodiprion virginianus complex 

Locations where Neodiprion spp. 

cocoons were exposed in a program 

to obtain cocoon parasites. 

•


GRIIASTIWPC X 

IA/NU-SCA 

>, 

ELZEVIR KALADAR i KENNEBEC

A 28 

Conservation Authority area produced good results and defoliation in 1965 was 

negligible. A heavy infestation occurred in a white spruce plantation in the O'Hara 

Mill Conservation area, and understory trees in Sand Banks Provincial Park were 

severely defoliated. Population levels were generally much higher in the southern 

part of the district than elsewhere and ornamental trees were severely defoliated 

in urban areas such as Belleville, Trenton, Picton, and Kingston. 

White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck 

Heavy infestations occurred in mixed plantations in Hungerford Township north 

of the town of Tweed and near Weslemkoon in Effingham Township. Light-to-moderate 

leader damage was observed on a wide variety of coniferous hosts throughout the 

district. However, white pine was most heavily infested (Table 17). 

TABLE 17 

Summary of White Pine Weevil Counts 

in Tweed District in 1965 

Host tree and Av, d.b.h. Per cent of leaders 

Township number sampled in inches weevilled 

Hungerford 100 wP 2 21 

Effingham 200 wP 2 25 

Effingham 200 rP 2 9 

Kaladar 

100 wP 

1 

9 

Madoc 

100 wP 

1 

6 

Radcliffe 200 JP 1 6 

McNab 100 wP 1 5 

Grattan 100 wP 1 4 


A slight increase in population numbers was recorded generally. Tamarack in 

a 100-acre stand near Flinton in Kaladar Township suffered 75 to 85 per cent 

defoliation. Light infestations persisted in the east-central part of the district, 

and larval colonies were observed commonly in Kennebec, Olden, Oso, and Clarendon 

townships in Frontenac County. 

A Leaf Roller on Aspen, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

Heavy infestations of this insect were observed on trembling aspen at widelyseparated 

locations in the northern half of the district. Severe defoliation 

occurred on second growth north of Deere in Grattan Township and in Faraday and 

Dungannon townships south of Bancroft. The insect was found in small numbers on 

most aspen stands elsewhere in the district. 

Elm Bark Beetles, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) and 

Hylurgo pinus rufipes (Eichh.) 

Intensive surveys in the southern part of the district in 1965 revealed an 

eastern extension of the known range of the smaller European elm bark beetle, S. 

multistriatus to a point one mile north of Howe Island in Pittsburgh Township,

A 29 

Frontenac County. This vector of the Dutch elm disease now occurs in a narrow 

strip across the southern part of Hastings, Lennox-Addington and Frontenac counties 

(see map). 

The native elm bark beetle, H. ruff es, also an important vector of the disease, 

is abundant throughout the district see photograph). 

TABLE 18 


in Tweed District 


Acleris logiana Linn. 

Acleris variana Fern. 



Alsophila pometaria Harr. 

Altica ulmi Woods 

Amphibolips inanis 0.S. 

Anacampsis innocuella Zell. 

Anatis mali (Say) 

Anchylopera discigerana Wlk. 

Andricus petiolicus (0.S.) 

Anisota senatoria (A. & S.) 

Anomogyna elimata Gn. 

Anoplonyx canadensis Hgtn. 

Aphelia pallorana Rob. 


Argyresthia freyella Wlshm. 

Argyresthia laricella Kft. 

Argyresthia thuiella Pack. 

Host 

wB 

wS 

wS 

wS 

wE 

rE 

r0 

to 

wB jP, wS 

w0 

b0 

wS, bF 

tL 

wP 

scP, mP 

eC 

tL 

Remarks 

Small numbers near Hardwood Lake 

in Renfrew County. 

Low populations near Coe Hill, 

Wollaston Twp. 

Small numbers observed at several 

locations. 

Galls common throughout the district. 

Found only in southern Hastings 

County. 

Light infestation of the elm flea 

beetle at the O'Hara Mill, Madoc 

Twp. 

Oak apple galls common at Kaladar. 

Heavy infestation of leaf rollers 

near Hardwood Lake, Raglan Twp. 

Small numbers in Hungerford and 

McLure twps, 

Small numbers along Highway 500 

in Raglan Twp, 

Gall insects numerous near Camden 

East in Camden Twp. 

A few orange-striped oakworms found 

in Tyendinaga Twp. 

Widespread low populations. 

Found on open-grown trees near 

Coe Hill, Limerick Twp. 

Low numbers at White Lake, Olden 

Twp. 

Heavy spittle bug infestation on 

a windbreak in Sheffield Twp. 

Light infestation near Deseronto 

in Tyendinaga Twp. 

Population levels of this cedar 

leaf miner were greatly reduced. 

Larch twig borer in low numbers in 

northern Hastings County. 

Heavy infestations of recent years 

of this leaf miner subsided.

A. 

===== 


Biston cognataria Gn. 

Brachyrhinus ovatus Linn. 

Brachys aerosus Melsh. 

Caripeta divisata Wlk. 

Cecidomyia verrucicola 0.S. 

Cephalcia marginata Middlekauf 

Chilocorus stigma Say 

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) 

Corythucha arcuata mali Gib. 

Dasyneura balsamicola Lintn. 

Dendroctonus simplex Lec. 

Diapheromera femorata (Say) 

Dioryctria disclusa Heinr. 

Ecdytolopha insiticiana Zell. 

Epinotia aceriella Clem. 

Erannis tiliaria (Harr.) 

Eriophyes abnormis Garm. 

Eriophyes populi Nal. 

Erynnis icelus Scud. & Burg. 


Host B Remarks 

Honey locust Small numbers in Rawdon Twp, 

Strawberry root weevil. Adults 

invaded homes at Sharbot Lake 

and Tweed in search of overwintering 

sites. 

w0 Common on one tree in Camden Twp. 

bF Small numbers at Sharbot Lake, 

Oso Twp. 

Ba Heavy leaf gall infestations in 

Sidney and Loughborough twps. 

rP Frass nests common on a group of 

30 foot trees at white Lake 

Rearing Station. 

scP 

Found feeding on scale insects 

at two locations. 

wS 

Small numbers of the spruce 

budworm at two locations. 

Deciduous Widespread heavy infestations of 

bF 

lacebugs. 

Light midge infestation near 

Douglas in Admaston Twp, 

tL Common in dead and dying trees 

at one location in Kennebec 

Twp. Trees had been influenced 

by change . in water table caused 

by highway construction. 

eC, sM The walkingstick insect was 

observed at widely-separated 

locations. 

mP Light infestation in Mugho pine 

cones near Marysville in 

Tyendinaga Twp. 

Honey The locust twig borer was found 

locust commonly. 

sM Low numbers of the maple trumpet 

skeletonizer found at White Lake 

Headquarters. 

Ba, wE Found only in the southern part 

of Hastings County. 

Ba Heavy leaf gall infestations were 

common throughout the district. 

tA Heavy infestations of gall-forming 

aphids on regeneration nea 

Combermere. 

W Low numbers of leaf folders near 

Hardwood Lake, Raglan Twp,

A 31 



Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 

Eupithecia filmata Pears, 

Eupithecia mutata Pears. 

Eupithecia transcanadata McK. 

Fenusa dohrnii (Tischb.) 

Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) 



Gargaphia tiliae (Walsh) 



Hylurgops pinifex Fitch 

Ips pini Say 

Leucanthiza dircella Braun 

Lithocolletis robiniella Clem. 

Macrobotys pertextalis Led. 

Megastigmus piceae piceae Roh. 

Mulsantina pieta Rand. 

Myzus cerasiae (F.) 

Neodiprion abietis complex 



Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) 

wP, scP 

wS 

wB 

sE 

JP 

Ba 

to 

I 

wP 

scP, rP 

Leatherwood 

Locust 

bAs 

wS 

scP 

Ch 

bF 

wP 

jP 

scP 

Average of 2 infested lateral 

shoots per tree on Scots pine 

regeneration near Flinton. 

Low numbers in McNab Twp., 

Renfrew County. 

Found feeding in hemlock cones, 

Storrington Twp., Frontenac 

County. 

Common throughout the district. 

Light leaf miner infestations in 

Oso and Herschel twps. 

Scattered heavy infestations. 

Especially severe on ornamental 

trees in the southern part of 

Frontenac County. 

Heavy leaf miner infestations at 

scattered locations. 

Low numbers at three widely— 

separated locations. 

Heavy lace bug infestations in 

the northern part of the district. 

Small heavy infestation of 

poplar leaf beetle near Denbigh. 

Light infestation east of 

Combermere. 

General low numbers feeding in 

flowers. 

Bark beetles common in logs and 

stumps. 

Bark beetles common. 

Widely—separated small heavy 

infestations. 

Light infestations at several 

locations. 

Low numbers on heavily shaded 

reproduction in Mayo Twp. 

Spruce cones heavily infested 

near Flinton. 

"Ladybirds" found commonly 

feeding on scale insects. 

Heavy aphid infestation near 

Purdy, Bangor Twp. 

Found in low numbers in north 

part of district. 

Scattered colonies on understory 

trees in Olden Twp. 

Light infestation on roadside 

reproduction in Abinger Twp. 

Status unchanged. Ornamentals 

in Belleville heavily infested.

A 32 


Insect Host( ) Remarks 


Nepytia canosaria 

Orthotomicus caelatus Bich. 

Palthis angulalis Hbn. 

Parectopa robiniella Clem. 

Pareophora minuta MacG. 

Pemphigus populicaulis Fitch 

Periclista sp. 

Phyllocolpa (Nematus) sp. 

Pissodes approximatus Hopk. 

Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw. 

Plagiodera versicolor Laich. 

Pleroneura borealis Felt. 

Prociphilus tesselatus (Fitch) 

Pseudexentera cressoniana Clem. 

Pulicalvaria (Recurvaria) sp. 

Pulicalvaria thujaella Kft. 

Semiothisa dispuncta Wlk. 

Trisetacus alborum Keifer 

Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana Sax. 

jP 

w$, rP 

scP, wS 

Lo 

bAs 

cPo 

0 

to 

wP 

wP 

bF 

Deciduous r0 

eH 

eC 

wS, bF 

rP 

wS 

Scattered colonies observed in 

roadside plantations in McNab and 

Horton townships. 

False hemlock looper. Low 

numbers throughout the district. 

Bark beetles common in logging 

slash. 

Spruce harlequin. Small 

numbers across the district. 

Light leaf miner infestation 

near Springbrook, Rawdon Twp. 

Small heavy infestations on 

understory trees at four 

locations. 

Poplar leaf-petiole aphid. 

Heavy infestation near Hay Bay. 

Small clumps of scrub oak 

heavily infested at several 

locations. 

General light infestations of 

this leaf-folding sawfly. 

Small trees girdled at ground 

level north of Flinton. 

Bark beetles found wherever white 

pine slash was examined. 

Light leaf beetle infestation 

near Henderson, Barrie Twp. 

Most balsam fir trees in north 

half of district lightly infested. 

Heavy infestations of the woolly 

alder aphid were common. 

Light infestations on small trees 

in Lake and Kaladar townships. 

Low needle tier populations in 

Frontenac County. 

Low leaf miner populations 

throughout the district. 

Found commonly wherever host 

trees were examined. 

Caused profuse budding on exposed 

trees in a natural stand in 

Bagot Twp. 

Spruce bud moth rarely found.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN KEMPTVILLE DISTRICT 

Page 


Pine Tube Moth 

Birch Leaf Skeletonizer 

A Miner on Ironwood 


Pitted Ambrosia Beetle 

Lace Bugs 


Pine Bud Moth 


Fall Webworm 


Cedar Sawfly 

Red—headed Pine Sawfly 


Maple Leaf Cutter 

A Leaf Folding Sawfly 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly 

White—pine Weevil 

Larch Sawfly 

Pine Tip Moth 


Argyresthia spp. etc. A 33 

Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kft. A 33 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Chan. A 33 

Chrysopeleia ostryaella Chan. A 33 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. A 33 

Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.) A 34 

Corythucha spp. A 34 


Exoteleia dodecella Linn. A 35 


Hyphantria cunea Dru. A 35 

Malacosoma americanum F. A 36 

Monoctenus fulvus Nort. A 36 



Ross A 37 

Paraclemensia acerifoliella Fitch A 37 

Phyllocolpa sp. A 38 

Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) A 38 

Pissodes strobi Peck. A 38 


Rhyacionia adana Heinr. A 39 

A 39 

J. Hook

Cedar Leaf Miners, Argyresthia spp. 

33 

STATUS OF INSECTS 

A further decline in population levels of cedar leaf miners (four species) 

occurred in 1965. The medium infestations which were reported in Leeds, Grenville, 

Dundas, Carleton, and Lanark counties in 1964, subsided in 1965. 

Light infestations persisted on roadside hosts in Dalhousie Township and on 

cedar windbreaks in the Kemptville Nursery in Oxford Township. 

Pine Tube Maker, Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kft, 

The pocket of heavy infestation which occurred on white pine reproduction in a 

privately-owned woodlot in Mountain Township in 1964, declined to light intensity in 

1965. Small numbers were observed in the Larose and Limerick forests and in Beckwith 

and Goulbourn townships, 

Birch Leaf Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. 

In 1964, pockets of heavy infestation occurred in Lanark and Carleton counties, 

and light infestations were observed west of Brockville, and along the shorelines 

of the Ottawa River between Ottawa and Hawkesbury. However, in 1965 numbers declined 

to such low levels that larvae could not be found. 

A Miner on Ironwood, Chrysopeleia ostryaella Cham. 

Pockets of light to medium infestation of this miner, on ironwood were observed 

commonly in the district, but population levels were generally lower than in 1964. 

Medium infestations occurred in Nepean, Mountain, and Wolford townships. Light 

infestations were recorded in Goulbourn, Oxford, Finch, North Gower, and Beckwith 

townships. 

Larch Casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) 

This introduced pest of tamarack and European larch maintained its low incidence 

that has prevailed over the past decade since the introduction and establishment of 

at least two European parasites (Table 8). 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in the Kemptville District 

in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of trees Av. no. of larvae per l8-inch branch tip 

in inches 1964 1965 

Dalhousie 3 0.6 0.5 

Montague 4 8.0 9.2 

Oxford 4 1.8 2.0 

N Plantagenet 

0.5 1.6

A 34 

Pitted Ambrosia Beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.) 

This beetle continued to cause mortality in sugar maple reproduction. Sample 

points were established at locations in Beckwith, Goulbourn, Mountain, and Wolford 

townships, to study population trends (Table 9). 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Damage by the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle 

in the Kemptville District in. 1965 

Note: Each sample consisted of sugar maple reproduction per square ,yard quadrat 

(deep shade). 

Location 

(township) 

Av. basal diameter 

in inches 

No. of trees 

examined 

No 

of trees 

infested 

Beckwith 1/4" 30 1 

1/4" 27 2 

Goulbourn 1/2" 37 3 

1/2" 40 4 

Mountain 1/4" 36 2 

1/2" 23 1 

Wolford 1/4" 29 1 

1/4" 19 1 

Lace Bug, Corythucha spp. 

Noteworthy infestations of these sucking insects occurred in the west and central 

parts of the district, where-light to severe browning of the foliage occurred on 

deciduous trees. Elsewhere in the district varying degrees of infestations were 

observed, particularly on ornamental and shade trees in towns and villages. 


Larval populations of this sawfly remained at a low level. Although no 

visible defoliation of host trees occurred, small numbers of larvae were recovered 

in tray samples (Table 10). 

TABLE 10 


in the Kemptville District in 1964. and 1965 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of trees No of larvae per 15-tray 1964 samples 

in inches 

Beckwith 6 0 9 

Mountain 6 2 6 

Oxford 5 0 0 

Ramsay. 6 0 0 

South Crosby 

Cambridge 

5 

5 

14 2 

2

A 35 


A marked decline in population levels of this insect occurred in 1965. Medium 

infestations recorded in Kitley Huntley, Goulbourn, and Gloucester townships in 

1964 , subsided in 1965 (Table 11) 

Adults of this insect lay their eggs on Scots pine needles in late June or 

early July, In approximately two weeks the eggs hatch and the young larvae enter 

the needles where they remain throughout the summer and winter. The larvae leave 

the needles in the spring and enter the buds where they pupate and emerge as adults 

in June. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Pine Bud Moth Counts in the Kemptville District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 50 bud clusters from each of four 

Scots pine trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) 


in inches 

Per cent of bud clusters infested 


Elizabethtown 4 18 4 

Kitley 7 35 12 

Cumberland 3 23 3 

Goulbourn 6 41 5 

Oxford 5 12 2 

Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lep,) 

Increases in population levels of this leaf miner occurred in all birch stands 

in the central part of the - district. The heavy infestations which occurred in 

Wolford, Front of Leeds and Lansdowne, Prescott and Oxford townships in 1964 increased 

in extent and intensity in 1965. Heavy infestations were recorded in Carleton, 

Russell, Grenville, Dundas, Stormont, and Glengarry counties (see map). Withering, 

discoloration and premature shedding of the foliage of white birch trees on privatelyowned 

properties resulted in a number of extension calls. 


Small numbers of colonies were observed on roadside hosts at seven locations. 

Highest numbers of colonies per mile of roadside were recorded in Mountain Township 

(Table 12).

A 36 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Fall Webworm Counts in the Kemptville District 


Location 

(township) 

Tree 

species 

Number o tents per mile 

of roadside 


Beckwith wE, bAs 4 3 

Drummond wE 4 0 

Mountain wE 2 6 

North Elmsley bAs 5 2 

Nepean wE 0 3 

Oxford wE 0 1 

South Crosby wE 12 2 


An increase in population levels of this insect occurred at all sample points 

except in Goulbourn Township where a decline resulted from the removal of roadside 

hosts by the Department of Highways (Table 13). The greatest increase was recorded 

in Drummond Township where severe defoliation of cherry shrubbery occurred. 

TABLE 13 


in the Kemptville District in 1964 and 1965 

Number of tents observed 

Location 

per mile of roadside 

(township) 1964 1965 

Bathurst 10 21 

Beckwith 0 6 

Drummond 12 153 

Goulbourn 118 73 

Kitley 29 40 

Lanark 0 3 

Montague 23 33 

N. Elmsley 6 48 

N. Sherbrooke 4 — 

Oxford 16 60 


Very low numbers of this cedar defoliator occurred for the third consecutive 

year at sample points in Huntley, Ramsay, and Goulbourn townships. No larvae were 

found elsewhere in the district.

KEMPTVILLE DISTRICT 

MILES 

BIRCH LEAF MINER 



Legend 

Light infestation 

Heavy infestation 

F71

TABLE 14 

Summary of Cedar Sawfly Larval Counts in the Kemptville District 


Location 

(township) 

Av. d,b.h. of trees 

in inches 




Goulbourn 3 3. 1 

Huntley 3 11 4 

Ramsay 4 19 3 


Little change in population levels of this sawfly was observed in 1965 (Table 

15). A medium infestation persisted on a clump of jack pine trees near the town 

of Perth. Scattered colonies were observed on red, Scots, and jack pine trees in 

the Larose and Limerick forests. At one location in the Limerick Forest colonies 

were observed on the upper crown of red pine trees thirty feet in height. Chemical 

control measures have been used effectively against this sawfly in most of the 

district. 

TABLE 15 



Location 

(township) 

No. of 

Tree trees 

species examined 

No. of 

Av. height trees 

in feet infested 

Av. no. of colonies 



Bathurst jP 50 14 6 7.8 2.0 

Dalhousie rP 100 14 10 1.1 3.6 

N. Elmsley rP 25 14 2 2.0 1.5 

Oxford rP 100 14 2 2.1 1.5 

South Crosby rP 50 14 4 .0 2.0 


Little change in population levels of this jack pine defoliator occurred in 1965. 

A heavy infestation persisted for the third consecutive year near the town of Perth 

in Drummond Township. Scattered colonies were observed in Oxford, Cambridge, and 

Goulbourn townships (see photograph). 

Maple Leaf Cutter, Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch) 

This insect was again widely distributed in 1965. A pocket of heavy infestation 

tion persisted in a mixed hardwood stand in Mountain Township, causing severe 

defoliation of sugar maple trees and light defoliation of ironwood trees. A 

medium infestation occurred on second-story trees in the Limerick Forest, Wolford 

Township. Hard maple reproduction in this stand was severely defoliated. Light 

infestations were found commonly in most woodlots elsewhere in the district.

A 38 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

Groups of white spruce at numerous locations along highways were lightly to 

severely defoliated by this insect in 1965. The largest area of heavy infestation 

occurred along the Ottawa River, near Rockland. Pockets of moderate defoliation 

was observed in plantations in the Larose and Limerick forests. Elsewhere in the 

district varying degrees of defoliation were observed on ornamental and shade trees. 


Little change in population levels of this insect occurred in 1965 (Table 16). 

Light infestations were observed commonly on roadside reproduction in Lanark County 

and small numbers occurred in the Larose and Limerick forests. The highest incidence 

of damage was recorded in a privately-owned white pine plantation in Cambridge Township 

where 23 per cent of the leaders were damaged. Individual white spruce trees 

were weevilled at several locations in the district. Control measures carried out 

by Lands and Forests personnel in county forests have been effective, 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Damage to White-pine by the White-pine Weevil 


Note: One hundred white pine trees were examined at each location. 

Location 

(township) 


in inches 

Degree of 

Shade 

er cent of trees 

weevilled 


Augusta 4 8 4 

Bathurst 3 25 1 1 

Cambridge 3 0 1 1 

Dalhousie 3 10 4 5 

Oxford 3 0 3 4 

Stormont 3 0 6 6 

N. Sherbrooke 2 0 7 6 

A Leaf Folding Sawfly, Ph yllocolpa sp. (formerly Nematus sp.) 

A decline in larval populations of this insect (formerly known as Nematus sp.) 

occurred in 1965. Counts taken on trembling aspen trees at six locations showed an 

average of 47.5 folds per 100 leaves in 1964, compared with 26.3 in 1965. The 

highest incidence of leaf folds occurred in Oxford Township (Table 17).

A 39 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Damage by a Leaf Folding Sawfly on Trembling Aspen 


Location 

(township) 

No. of folds per 100 leaf sample 

1964 65_ 

Alfred 30 22 

Dalhousie 57 27 

Goulbourn 51 31 

Longeuill 42 23 

N. Crosby 47 15 

Oxford 58 40 


Population levels of this defoliator were low for the third consecutive year in 

the district. Scattered colonies and light defoliation occurred on small clumps of 

tamarack in Marlborough, South Plantagenet, Cambridge, Oxford, and Montague townships. 

Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia adana Heinr. 

A decline in population levels of this tip moth occurred in 1965. For example, 

48 per cent of small Scots pine trees at a sample point in Oxford Township were 

infested in 1964, compared with 14 per cent in 1965. Very low numbers were observed 

on red pine trees in Marlborough Township, and on Scots pine seedlings in the 

Kemptville Nursery. 

TABLE 18 


in the Kemptville District 


Acleris variana (Fern.) 



Aphrophora parallels Say 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) 

Arge pectoralis (Leach) 

Baliosus ruber Web. 

Dasyneura communis Felt 

bF, wS 

wS 

wS 

jp 

pCh 

wB 

wB 

sM 

Small numbers in Beckwith and 

Marlborough twps. 

Light defoliation in plantations 

in Oxford and Dalhousie twps. 

Light infestation in Dalhousie 

Twp. 

Light infestation in the Limerick 

and Larose forest areas. 

Small numbers throughout the 

district. 

First colony of larvae observed 

in the past five years. 

Small numbers observed on nursery 

stock Oxford Twp. 

Heavy infestation in privatelyowned 

woodlot in Mountain Twp.

A 40 


Insect Host( Remake 

Dryocosmus palustris (00S.) 

rO 


AI 

Fenusa ulmi. Sund. 

Gonioctena americana (Schaaf.) to 

Grossyparia spuria (Modeer) 

wE 

Nematus hyalinus (Mort.) 

Neodiprion pinetum (Mort.) 

wP 

Pemphigus populicaulis Fitch 

Po 

Phenacaspis pinifoliae Fitch 

Phlocosinus canadensis Sw. eC 

Phyllocnistis populella Cham. 

Po 

Pleroneura borealis Felt 

bF 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) 

m0 


Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

tA 

Rhyacionia frustrana Comst. 

JP 

Thera juniperata L. rC 

Triplax thoracica Say 

Vasates quadripes Shim. sM 

Zellaria haimbachi Busck. 

JP 

Light infestation of galls on 

foliage in Torbolton TwP. 

Light infestation of miners along 

the shorelines of the Rideau River, 

Oxford Twp. 

Medium infestation of miners on 

roadside hosts Wolford Twp. 

Small numbers on roadside hosts 

in Marlborough Twp. 

Scale insects causing branch 

mortality in Kemptville and 

Lanark areas. 

Galls common on nursery stock. 

Low numbers in Mountain Twp. 

Light infestation of galls on 

roadside hosts in Front of Leeds 

Lansdowne Twp, 

Heavy infestation on wS reproduction, 

Marlborough Twp. 

Bark beetles collected from cedar 

poles in Oxford Twp. 

Small numbers in Torbolton and 

Mountain twps. 

Light damage in Beckwith and 

Marlborough twps. 

Small numbers observed on ornamental 

hosts in Perth, Kemptville 

and Richmond. 

Small numbers observed in the 

Limerick Forest and Kemptville 

Nursery. 

Light infestation of leaf rollers 

in Beckwith, Cambridge, and S. 

Plantagenet twps. 

Light defoliation observed in 

Beckwith and Oxford twps. 

Heavy infestation of loopers on 

hosts three feet high in Oxford 

Twp. 

Numerous adults on dead tree in 

Crosby Twp. 

Light infestation in the Rideau 

Provincial Park. 

Low numbers collected from a 

small clump of trees severely 

defoliated by paradoxicus 

Bathurst Twp.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN ThE PEMBROKE DISTRICT 

Page 

Ugly-nest Caterpillar... 



White pine Shoot Borer 

Alder Leaf Miner 



Cedar Sawfly 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly 

Pine Sawfly 

Red Pine Sawfly 


A Leaf Folding Sawfly 



Larch Sawfly 

Mountain-ash Sawfly 

Poplar Leaf-roller 

Pine Tortoise Scale. 


Archips cerasivoranus Fitch A 41 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. A 41 


Eucosma gloriola Heinr. A 42 

Fenusa dohrnii (Tischb.) A 42 


Malacosoma americanum (F.) A 43 

Monoctenus fulvus Nort. A 44 


Neodiprion maurus Roh. A 45 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. A 45 

Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross A 46 

Phyllocolpa spp. (formerly 

Nematus sp.) A 46 

Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) A 47 

Pissodes strobi Peck. A 47 


Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) A 48 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. A 48 

Toumeyella numismaticum (P. & M.) A 48 

A 48 

H. J. Weir

A 41 


Ugly-nest Caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus Fitch 

Population levels of this insect increased in the southern part of the district 

in 1965. The heaviest infestations occurred near the village of Alice in Alice 

Township and along Highway 41 near the village of Shady Nook in Stafford Township. 

In the former location larval colonies more than tripled in number compared with 1964 

(Table 8). 

Moderate infestations were observed along the Madawaska-Cross Lake Road in 

Murchison Township and near Lake Dore in Wilberforce Township. Light infestations 

occurred along Highway 60 in Airy, Nightingale and Sherwood townships. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Ugly-nest Caterpillar Colony Counts 

in Pembroke District in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

(townshi p ) 

Tree 

species 

No. of nests observed per mile of roadside 


Alice ecCh 210 673 

Airy 3 

Bromley 19 

Murchison 

"' 

27 27 

Nightingale 2 

Ross 

0.0 

8 

Sherwood 3 

Stafford 39 

Wilberforce 

It 

29 28 


Population levels of this introduced casebearer have been low since 1954 

Larval counts at eight locations are shown in Table 9. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in Pembroke District 


Location 

(township) 


in inches 

Av. no. of larvae per 18-inch branch tip 


Airy 3 .88 .88 

Bromley 5 .50 0 

Buchanan 6 1.62 1.62 

Cameron 5 2.43 .88 

N. Algona 3 1.56 .88 

Rolph 4 0.31 

Sproule 9 1.2 3.3 

Westmeath 7 .62 .25

A42 

This insect is of European origin, and was first recorded at Northampton, 

Massachusetts in the United States in 1886. It has since spread throughout most of 

the range of larch in the eastern half of the United States and Canada. Surveys 

have continued to record changes in northern and western limits of distribution of 

this species in northern Ontario. The range extends through southern Ontario to Fort 

Frances District in the west and approximately 75 miles north of ;Ake Superior in 

the north. 

The adults emerge in late May to early July and lay one or more eggs. On hatching, 

the larva bores into the needle, feeds as a miner until September, then constructs a 

greyish cigar-shaped case. In the fall the larva hibernates on the twigs or trunk 

of the tree. Feeding resumes when the foliage begins to develop in April and, by the 

latter half of May, larval development is completed. The greatest damage occurs in 

the spring when the infested parts of the foliage withers and dies, 


An increase in population levels of this insect occurred at four of five 

sample locations in 1965 (Table 10). Light defoliation of open-grown white spruce 

trees was observed near Pretty Lake in Edgar Township. Little or no defoliation was 

observed elsewhere in the district. 

TABLE 10 



Total no. of larvae 

Location 

Av. d.b.h, of trees 

(township) in inches 1964 



Alice 8 6 31 

Cameron 8 27 39 

Clara 6 32 23 

Edgar 8 135 

Maria 4 19 29 


A decline in population levels of this borer occurred in the Beachburg Tract in 

Westmeath Township, In 1964, 51 per cent of the trees examined in a red pine plantation 

at this location were infested, and 21 per cent had infested leaders. In 1965, 

only five shoots were infested in the same plot and no leaders were attacked. 

Alder Leaf Miner, Fenusa dohrnii (Tischb.) 

A marked decline in populations of this leaf miner occurred in most of the 

district. However, moderate infestations were observed along the Ottawa River in 

Head Township, on the southwest shore of Shirley Lake in Preston Township and at 

Opeongo Lake in Dickson Township (Table 11). Light infestations persisted near the 

village of Whitney in Airy Township and along Highway 17 in Clara Township.

A 43 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Damage by the Alder Leaf Miner in Pembroke District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 leaves from alder bushes at each 

location. 

Location 

(township) 

Av. height of 

trees in feet 

Per cent of leaves 

mined 

1963 1964 1965 

Per cent of leaf 

surface mined 

1963 1964 1965 

Airy 

Clara 

Dickson 

Head 

Preston 

15 

15 

15 

15 

15 

16 4 

30 15 

*IRO goo 

18 5 

3 5 

•■■• 

25 

26 

18 

5 

5 

OPP 

ONO 

..1NO 

10 

5 

10 

5 

10 

Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) 

Generally, infestations of this insect increased in intensity in 1965. Heavy 

infestations occurred at sample locations in Rolph, Sproule, and Westmeath townships 

(Table 12). One particularly heavy infestation recurred on five European birch shade 

trees at the Forestry Station in Buchanan Township. These trees were severely mined 

by both first and second generation larvae. Light infestations were observed on 

reproduction and the lower branches of host trees elsewhere in the district. 

Location 

(township) 

TABLE. 12 

Summary of Damage by the Birch Leaf Miner in Pembroke District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 leaves from five birch trees at 

each location. 


Av. d.b.h. of mined 

trees in inches 1963 1964 1965 

Per cent of leaf 

surface mined 

1963 1964 1965 

Buchanan 3 - 92 97 25 25 

Rolph 3 18 27 21 60 25 25 

Sproule 3 25 31 15 , 40 35 10 

Westmeath 3 19 32 29 20 20 50 


A sharp increase in population levels of this insect occurred in the southern 

part of the district. Counts of infested roadside trees at nine locations averaged 

281 tents per measured mile in 1965 compared with 93 tents in 1964. 

Complete defoliation of roadside cherry bushes occurred near the village of

A 44 

Alice in Alice Township where 860 tents were counted in one measured mile of roadside 

trees (Table 13). Because of the overlapping of heavy infestations of Nalacosoma 

disstria Hbn. and Malacosoma americanum (F.,) at this location, all deciduous trees 

were completely defoliated until mid-July when refoliation occurred (see photograph). 

Severe defoliation of roadside cherry bushes was observed in Fraser,, Stafford, 

and Hagarty townships and pockets of light infestation occurred as far north as 

Dickson Township. 

TABLE 13 


in Pembroke District from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

(township ) 

Tree 

species 

No. of tents observed per mile of roadside 

1963 1964 1965 

Alice ecCh 24 107 860 

Buchanan pCh 27 2 39 

Fraser ecCh 27 149 423 

Hagerty ecCh 50 176 305 

Lyell ecCh 26 76 35 

Petawawa ecCh 23 1 195 

Stafford ecCh 22 69 352 

Westmeath ecCh 24 89 115 

Wilberforce ecCh 43 167 206 


Population levels of this insect have declined since 1962. This trend is shown 

in larval counts summarized in Table 14. 

Location 

(township) 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Cedar Sawfly Larval Counts Taken from White Cedar 



in inches 


Per 15-tray sample 

196 1964 1965 

Bromley 7 146 47 1 

N. Algona 7 180 13 2 

Ross 6 293 142 33 

S. Algona 6 263 33 7 

Westmeath 8 90 22 36 

Wilberforce 6 162 22 4

" 

A 45 


Infestations of this sawfly increased in intensity in 1965. High populations 

persisted in private plantations in Wilberforce and Cameron townships. Moderate 

infestations were observed along Highway 17 in Cameron, Clara, and Maria townships 

and light infestations occurred in Hagarty, Alice, and Wilberforce townships (Table 

15). 

As in previous years, control measures using 2,5 per cent D.D.T, spray applied 

with pack sprayers, and the removal of colonies by hand pruning were carried out in 

private and crown owned plantations. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts on Red Pine Trees 

in the Pembroke District in 1965 

Location 

township 

No. of trees 

examined 

No. of trees 

infested 

No. of 

colonies 

observed 

Av. no. 

colonies per 

infested trees 

Alice 150 2 3 1.5 

Cameron 175 17 22 1.3 

Cameron 250 9 14 1.6 

Clara 75 14 16 1.1 

Hagarty 150 2 4 2.0 

Maria 100 1 1 1.0 

Wilberforce 225 60 66 1.1 

" 

_ 20 15 23 1.5 

150 1 1 1.0 

Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion maurus Roh. 

A medium infestation persisted in the central part of the district. Heavy 

infestations reported in Clara, Niven, and Fitzgerald townships in 1964 subsided in 

1965. A light infestation occurred along the Hydro Electric transmission line in 

Bronson Township. 

A decline in population levels also occurred near Lake Traverse in White Township 

where 42 colonies were counted on ten trees in 1964 compared with 31 colonies 

in 1965. Six 6-foot jack pine trees were examined and tagged on May 15 in 1965 in 

an effort to determine the oviposition period. Examination of all the foliage on 

these trees revealed that oviposition did not occur in the fall of 1964. However, 

larval colonies were observed on all six tagged trees on July 5, 1965. Therefore 

oviposition occurred between May 15 and July 5. Further observations will be made 

in 1966. 

Red Pine Sawfly, Neodi prion nanulus nanulus Schedi. 

An increase in population levels of this insectoccurred in the northern and 

eastern parts of the district. Heavy infestations were observed on jack pine trees 

in the Beachburg Tract in Westmeath Township and near the main gate of Camp Petawawa 

in Petawawa Township (Table 16).

A46 

Severe defoliation of red pine windbreaks occurred along Highway 17 in Cameron 

and Ross townships (see photograph). Moderate to severe defoliation of fringe red 

pine trees was observed in a private plantation near the village of Beachburg in 

Westmeath Township. These infestations were the first observed on red pine in the 

district since 1954. 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Red Pine Sawfly Colony Counts 

in Pembroke District in 1965 

Location 

(township) 

Tree Av. d.b.h. 

species of trees in inches 

Av. no. of colonies per tree 

from ten trees 

Cameron rP 6 .9 

Fraser JP 6 1.6 

Petawawa JP 10 2.5 

Ross rP 4 11.0 

Westmeath rP 6 6,5 

Westmeath JP 3 2.2 


Colonies of this sawfly were more numerous in the district than in 1964. 

Moderate defoliation occurred near the village of Petawawa in Petawawa Township and 

in the Beachburg Tract in Westmeath Township. A small pocket of medium infestation 

occurred in a woodlot near the village of Golden Lake in N. Algona Township (Table 

17). Scattered colonies were observed in Buchanan and Richards townships. 

Location 

township 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts 


Ay , d.b.h. of trees 

niches 

Av. no, of colonies per tree from ten trees 

19 

64 6 

Bronson 6 3 0 

Buchanan 6 1 3 

Maria 6 0 0 

N. Algona 10 15 25 

Petawawa 4 1 10 

Richards 6 0 1 

Westmeath 6 26 

A Leaf Folding Sawfly, Phyllocolpa spp. (Nematus sp.) 

This sawfly increased in numbers in 1965. An average of 56 folds per 100 leaves 

was recorded at sample locations in 1965 compared with 41 folds in 1964 (Table 18).

A 47 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Counts of the Leaf Folding Sawfly 


Location 

(township) 

d.b.h. of trees 

in inches 

No. of folds per 100 leaves examined 

1963 1964 1965 

Cameron 3 10 1 22 

Clara 3 16 3 30 

Finlayson 3 30 37 52 

Fraser 3 16 67 83 

Maria 3 30 3 29 

Richards 4 17 61 92 

Rolph 3 29 40 48 

Sabine 4 21 47 38 

Westmeath 3 31 108 112 


Severe defoliation of white and black spruce trees by this insect was observed 

along the Hydro Electric transmission line in Barron and Clancy townships. Light 

defoliation of lakeshore trees occurred at Lake Louisa in Nightingale Township and 

along an access road in Freswick Township. 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck. 

Population levels of this weevil were generally lower in the district than in 

1964 (Table 19). A new heavy infestation occurred in a small private Scots pine 

plantation along Highway 17 in Cameron Township. Control by clipping and burning 

infested leaders was carried out in Murchison and Airy townships by personnel of 

the Department of Lands and Forests. 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Shoot Damage by the White-pine Weevil 


Location Tree 

(township) species 

Av, height 

of trees 

in feet 

No. of trees Degree of 

examined shade 

Per cent of trees 

weevilled 1964 


Buchanan wP 15 100 0 38 28 

Cameron scP 15 100 0 37 31 

Cameron rP, scP 100 0 21 

Maria JP 12 100 0 14 5 

Preston wP 40 460 0 3 3 

Stratton wP, JP 15 100 10 32

A 48 


Population levels of this insect were at a low ebb in the district in 1965. 

Only single colonies of larvae were observed on small open-grown trees in mixed 

stands at eight widely-separated locations. 

Mountain-ash Sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) 

Populations of this insect remained at approximately the same level as in 

1964. Moderate to severe defoliation occurred along access roads in Preston, Freswick, 

and Bower townships in Algonquin Park, and near the Pembroke-Tweed district boundary 

in Jones and Sherwood townships. Light defoliation recurred on shade trees in the 

Town of Pembroke. 

Poplar Leaf-roller, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

Heavy infestations of this insect occurred in the district for the third 

consecutive year. Severe defoliation of trembling aspen stands was observed near 

the village of Madawaska in Murchison Township, along Highway 41 near Rankin in 

Wilberforce Township and in the Beachburg Tract in Westmeath Township (see map). 

Moderate infestations occurred in N. Algona, Head, and Burns townships. At some 

locations larvae of Gonioctena americana Schaeff., Malacosoma disstria Hbn. and 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. caused complete defoliation of trembling aspen trees. 

Pine Tortoise Scale, Toumeyella numismaticum (P. & M.) 

A medium infestation of this insect was observed in a Scots pine plantation near 

Germanicus in Wilberforce Township. Of 100 trees examined, 37 were infested, but no 

mortality was observed. A light infestation occurred on open-grown jack pine trees 

near the village of Golden Lake in North Algona Township. 

This is the first record of the scale in the Pembroke District in recent years, 

although infestations have been recorded in North Bay and Parry Sound districts. 


in Pembroke District 


Acleris variana (Fern. 



bS, wS Few on beating tray samples in 

Cameron, Westmeath, and Bromley 

twps. 

bS, wS Few galls in Buchanan and Westmeath 

twps. 

wS, tL Galls, common throughout the 

district. Adults observed on tL 

the alternate host, in Cameron 

and Clara twps. 

Adelges strobilobius Kalt. bS Galls common throughout the 

district. 

Agromyzidae hyPo Leaf miners very plentiful on six 

trees in Buchanan Twp. 100 leaves 

examined, 100 leaves infested, 50 

per cent of leaf surface mined.

PEMBROKE DISTRICT 

MILES 

0 20 

POPLAR LEAF ROLLER 




Legend 


• 

or

A 49 

Miscellaneous Insects (continued) 


Altica ambiens alni Harr. 

Altica populi Brown 



Bark Beetles 


Cingilia sp. 

Dasyneura balsamicola (Lint.) 

Dichelonyx sp. 

Enchenopa binotata Say 

Eriophyes sp. 

Eriosoma americanum (Riley) 

Gonioctena americana (Schaeff.) 

Hylobius radicis Buch. 

Hyphantria cunea Dru. 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella 

Chamb. 

Mordvilkoja vagabunda Walsh 

Nematus limbatus Cress. 

Neodiprion abietis (Harr.) 


Neurotoma inconspicua (Nort.) 

Al Severe defoliation of lakeshore 

alder bushes in Niven, Preston, 

Freswick, and Bower twps. 

bPo Heavy infestation on reproduction 

of six shade trees on old farm in 


tA Few leaf rollers in Airy, Cameron, 

Dickson, and Sabine twps. 

scP Heavy infestation in Christmas tree 

plantation in Westmeath Twp. 

wP, bF Species found in district include 

wS, jP, rP Pityogenes hopkinsi, Ips plat, 

Pityogenes sparsus, Orthotomicus 

caelatus, Polygraphus rufipennis, 

perroti, Ips borealis. 

bF Six larvae on a 20 beating tray 

sample in Westmeath Twp. 

Shrub Extremely heavy moth flight in 

September in Buchanan Twp. 

bF Moderate infestations in Bromley, 

1A Maria, Bronson, and Dickson twps. 

Severe defoliation of five 1-inch 

trees in Clara Twp. 

Leather- Adults very numerous on shrubs at 

wood one location in Bromley Twp. 

rM Heavy infestations at numerous 

locations. 

wE Heavy infestation on one shade tree 

in Haleys Sta., Ross Twp. 

tA Moderate to severe defoliation in 

Richards, Wilberforce, N. Algona, 

and Airy twps. 

scP Heavy mortality at two locations in 


wE Three nests in Wilberforce Twp. 

cPo, tA Light infestation in Wilberforce Twp. 

and moderate infestation in Richards 

Twp. 

tA Heavy infestation on two trees in 

Clara Twp. 

W Severe defoliation of five roadside 

trees in Wylie Twp. 

wS Six colonies on two 3" trees in 

Bronson Twp. Single larva on 

beating tray samples in Cameron, 

Clara, and Bromley twps. 

jP Thirteen colonies on ten trees in 

Edgar Twp. 

pCh Two colonies on roadside bushes in 

Wilberforce Twp.


A 50 


Host(e) 

Remarks 

Palthis angulatis Hbn. 

Pemphigus sp. 

wS 

bPo 

Petrova albicapitana Busck. scP 


Phytagromyza populicola (Hal.) 

Pikonema dimmockii (Cress.) 

Pleroneura borealis Felt. 


Mugho, 

wP 

cPo 

wS 

bF 

wB 

Rheumaptera hastata Linn. wB 

Semiothisa dispuncta Wlk. wS 

Trichiocampus viminalis (Fall.) hyPo 

Vasates quadripes Shim. rM 

Few larvae on beating tray samples 

in Edgar Twp. 

Heavy infestation on reproduction 

in Stratton Twp. 

Moderate infestation in pine 

plantation in Westmeath Twp. 

Heavy infestation on ornamentals 

trees in the village of Deep River. 

Light infestation on white pine 

stand in S. Algona Twp. 

Heavy infestation on shade trees 

in Wilberforce Twp. 100 leaves 

examined, 96 leaves infested. 

Few larvae on beating tray 

samples in Cameron Twp. 

Moderate to heavy for three years. 

Negative at all sample locations 

in 1965. 

Few mines in Bronson, Master, and 

Preston twps. 

Numerous leaf folds on open-grown 

trees in Wilberforce Twp. 

Common on beating tray samples. 

Severe defoliation of six shade 

trees in Pembroke Twp. 

Leaf galls very plentiful on small 

trees in Westmeath Twp,

SOUTHWESTERN FOREST REGION 


INTRODUCTION 

Page 



European Pine Shoot Moth 

Larch Sawfly 


Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) B 1 

Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) B 3 

Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg,) B 4 

Eucosma gloriola Heinr. B 6 


Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe 

Armillaria Root Rot 

Dutch Elm Disease. 


Cytospora Canker of Spruce 

Cytospora Canker of Poplar 

Black Knot of Cherry 

Chestnut Blight 

Fomes Root Rot 

Root and Butt Rot of Conifers 

Deterioration of Roadside Maple 

Injury Due to Changing Water Levels. 

Frost Injury 

Leaf Scorch 

Other Noteworthy Diseases 

Arceuthobium pusillum B 7 

Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Kummer. B 7 

Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism) B 8 

C. Moreau 

Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fischer B 9 

Cytospora kunzei Sacc. B 9 

Cytospora nivea Hoffm. ex Sacc. B 9 

Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) B 10 

Theiss, & Syd. 

Endothia parasitica (Murr.) B 10 

P. J. & H. W. Anderson 

Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. B 10 

Polyporus tomentosus Fr. B 10 

B 11 . 

B 12 

B 12 

B 12 

B 12 


INTRODUCTION 

Southwestern Region 

The European pine sawfly is now known to occur throughout most of the Region 

and in 1965 defoliation was severe in numerous pine plantations. Heavy infestations 

of the larch sawfly, spruce budworm, black-headed jack-pine sawfly, pine weevils, 

and poplar leaf rollers recurred, and notable increases in the number of larch casebearer, 

walnut caterpillar, and red-headed pine sawfly were recorded. In contrast, 

decreases in population levels of a leaf miner on ironwood, the introduced pine 

sawfly, jack pine budworm, spruce bud moth, and spring and fall cankerworms occurred. 

The Zimmerman pine moth and white-pine shoot borer continued to be troublesome pests 

in Christmas tree plantations. 

Field rearing of Eucosma gloriola Heinr larvae was undertaken to obtain pupae 

for life-history studies, and rearing of European elm bark beetle pupae was initiated 

to obtain further information on parasites. Continuing studies of parasites attacking 

larvae and cocoons of various sawflies revealed that three species, Dahlbominus 

fuscipennis (Zetterstedt), Pleolophus basizonus (Gravenhorst) and Drino bohemicus 

Mesn., introduced from Europe several years ago had advanced as much as 70 miles 

from release points. The three species are well established in populations of pine 

sawflies. 

An intensive program to recover polyhedral virus diseases was carried out by 

Department of Lands and Forests personnel in co-operation with Forest Research 

Technicians for use in control of European pine sawfly and red-headed pine sawfly 

infestations in 19664 

Intensive surveys were carried out to determine the incidence and mortality of 

elm caused by Dutch elm disease and to assess the deterioration of roadside maple 

trees. Fomes root rot and root and butt rot of conifers caused considerable tree 

mortality in Lake Simcoe District. Efforts were intensified to determine the 

distribution of two root diseases, Polyporus tomentosus Fr. and Rhizina undulata Fr. 

The interest and co-operation given by Department of Lands and Forests personnel 

and others in the region is gratefully acknowledged, 

A. A. Harnden

B 1 


European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) 

Marked increases in population levels of this sawfly occurred for the second 

consecutive year at many locations in Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron districts. Very 

heavy defoliation of the old foliage of Scots, red, and jack pine trees was observed 

commonly in young plantations and for the first time in older plantations in which 

the crowns were closed. Larval feeding on the tender bark of current shoots caused 

considerable wilting and breakage in heavily infested plantations (Table 1). 

In Lake Simcoe District, the eastern limit of known distribution between Midland 

and Barrie in Simcoe County was relatively unchanged (see Map). However, in the 

southeastern part of the district infestations advanced to the south shore of Lake 

Simcoe thence southeast from Port Bolster to the north end of Lake Scugog in the 

Lindsay District. Heavy infestations causing almost complete defoliation of the old 

foliage of Scots pine occurred in many plantations in the north part of Tiny Township 

and in the area south of a line extending between Collingwood and, the south end of 

Lake Scugog. Infestations that recurred in numerous Christmas tree plantations 

where control measures had been taken in previous years probably resulted from mass 

migrations of sawfly adults from neighbouring infestations. The greatest population 

increase at sample points occurred near Balsam, in Ontario County, where more than 

100 colonies per tree were counted on neglected, 10-foot Scots pine trees, compared 

with 23 per tree in 1964. 

In Lake Huron District significant increases in larval populations occurred at 

numerous locations for the second consecutive year. Seventy-five to 100 per cent 

defoliation of Scots and jack pine trees in unattended plantations occurred commonly, 

particularly in Bruce and Grey counties. Severe defoliation of red pine trees was 

observed in some mixed plantations adjacent to infested Scots pine plantations. As 

many as 75 to 100 colonies were counted on 15- to 20-foot Scots and jack pine trees 

in the Owen Sound-Durham area. Notable defoliation was observed occasionally on 

white pine trees in heavily infested mixed pine plantations. 

In Lake Erie District heavy infestations recurred in Norfolk County and light 

to heavy infestations were observed at numerous points in the remainder of the 

district. Severe defoliation was recorded on several roadside Scots pine trees in 

the Delaware-Mount Brydges area and on 15 jack pine trees at a point in Canborough 

Township, where 95 per cent of the old foliage was destroyed. Medium to heavy 

infestations occurred in several Scots pine plantations in the Newbury-Bothwell 

area while infestations were of medium intensity in scattered red and Scots pine 

plantations in Pelham Township. 

The use of insecticides such as DDT and a polyhedral virus was effective in 

controlling the insect in Christmas tree plantations. A small-scale experimental 

spray project to control the insect in the adult stage was carried out in a 

Christmas tree plantation in Mulmur Township. Several rows of 5-foot Scots pine 

trees were sprayed with one part of 25 per cent emulsifiable concentrate DDT 

to three parts of water by mist blower in the first week of September, 1964. Few 

colonies were found in the test area in 1965 whereas an average of 15 colonies per 

tree were counted on adjacent untreated trees, Neodiprion sertifer is the only 

species of insect affected by the polyhedral disease referred to above, therefore 

no loss of beneficial parasites and predators results from its u e as an insecticide.

B2 

An extensive virus recovery program carried out in Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron 

districts in 1965 by Department of Lands and Forests personal in co-operation with 

Forest Research Technicians provided a supply of virus for use in 1966. 

Biological control involving the importation and release of European parasites 

was introduced in 1940. Eleven species were imported up to 1962. A recovery program 

was initiated by the Forest Insect Survey in Southern Ontario to study the establishment 

and spread of the parasites. The results of the survey completed in 1962 were 

reported by A. H. Rose and W. L. Sippell in the Canadian Entomologist, Volume 98, 

Number 1, 1966. 

"Cocoons of the European pine sawfly were exposed in rodent-proof trays to 

determine what parasites attack this pest in southern Ontario. Exposures showed 

that two introduced parasites, Dahlbominus fuscipennis (Zetterstedt) and Pleolophus 

(=Aptesis) basizonus (Gravenhorst), are firmly established throughout the distribution 

of the host. The former parasite has spread more than 30 miles and the 

latter at least 70 miles in approximately 20 years. The number of trays found by 

each species varied considerably with each locality. In general, the number of 

native parasite species obtained tended to increase with the age of infestation, 

with Mastrus aciculatus (Provancher) being the most prevalent (Table 2), Nine 

other native parasites occurred sporadically and in small numbers." 

TABLE 1 

Summary of European Pine Sawfly Colony Counts and Degrees of 

Infestation on Scots Pine Trees in the Southwestern 

Region in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

(township 

b district 

Av. height 

of trees 

in feet 

Av. no. colonies Per cent of 

per infested tree trees infested 

1964 16 in 1965 

Degree of 

infestation 

in 1 6 

Lake Simcoe 

Caledon 18 10 8 100 Medium 

Toronto 28 7 14 100 Light 

Pickering 14 5 23 100 Heavy 

Whitby 10 23 100+ 100 Heavy 

41:111> 

E. Gwillimbury 5 1 48 Light 

Tecumseth 4 30 100 Heavy 

Lake Huron 

Stanley 14 1 1 13 Light 

E. Wawanosh 20 5 12 95 M to H 

Goderich 10 2 6 100 M to H 

Brant 15 1 2 50 Light 

Blandford 14 2 0.5 19 Light 

Lake Erie 

Adelaide 7 13 4 60 Light 

Aldborough 6 2 1 15 Light 

Euphemia 8 5 4 65 Light 

McGillivray 11 6 5 80 Medium 

N. Cayuga 10 1 5 60 Light 

Romney 10 4 2 80 Medium 

Willoughby 11 3 3 75 Light 

Yarmouth 7 2 4 60 Light

SOUTHWESTERN 

REGION 

DISTRICTS 

1 LAKE SIMCOE 

2 LAKE HURON 

3 LAKE ERIE 

LAKE 

HURON 

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY 

MILES 

0 20 

The known distribution of the sawfly 

in the Region in 1965 

Legend 

Distribution of the sawfly 

lv>>>Xv]

Thirty-two trays were set out at each sample point except at Maple and. 

Uxbridge where 23 and 20 trays respectively were used. 

B 3 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Parasitism of N. sertifer Cocoons in Trays by Three 

Species of Parasites at 10 Sampling Points 

in Southwestern Ontario 

Location 

Percentage of trays containing cocoons 

Infestation age, 

arasitized b three s ecies 

ears D fusci e is P basizonus M. aciculatus 

Harrow 22 43.8 15.6 21.9 

Ridgetown 17 34.4 37.5 3.1 

Aylmer 12 9.4 59.4 9.4 

Goderich 12 81.3 78.1 9.4 

Williamsford 7 53.1 81.3 59.4 

Rockton 7 81.3 28.1 6.3 

Alton 4 93.8 96.9 9.4 

Tottenham 2 96.9 96.9 56.3 

Maple 2 82.6 73.9 0.0 

Uxbridge 0 65.0 5.0 0.0 

European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) 

Population levels of this insect declined at many points in the region in 1965 

(Table 3). In Lake Simcoe District a medium infestation recurred in a Mugho pine 

shelterbelt at one location in Markham Township. Light infestations persisted in 

Scots, red, and Mugho pine in the south half of Peel, York, and Ontario counties. 

No living larvae were found at quantitative sample points in Tosorontio and Mulmur 

townships where severe frosts occurred during the winter. 

Infestations generally declined in intensity in the Lake Huron District. Exceptions 

to this trend were noted in private plantations at Port Elgin and near 

Roseville where medium infestations persisted. A heavy infestation in a stand of 

small red pine in the Kiwanis plantation in Keppel Township in 1964 declined to 

light intensity in 1965. Population levels were low elsewhere in the district. 

In Lake Erie District medium to heavy infestations occurred on several red pine 

trees at Lundy's Lane in the City of Niagara Falls. Moderate damage recurred on 

several roadside red pines in Woodhouse Township, in a neglected Scots pine plantation 

in Wainfleet Township, and on a few Scots pine ornamentals in a municipal park 

at Niagara-on-the-Lake. A medium infestation in Romney Township in 1964 declined 

to light intensity in 1965, although one tree in this 100-acre plantation was 

heavily infested and 50 per cent of the bud clusters were attacked. 

A. new quantitative sample point was established. in Pelham Township. Numerous 

Syrphidae and dipterous maggots were found in shoots infested by the shoot moth at 

this location. Parasitism remained high in a Scots pine plantation at Rhineland, 

Middleton South Township.

B4 

TABLE 3 

Summary of European Pine Shoot Moth Damage 

in the Southwestern Region 


Location 

(township 

b district 

Av. d.b.h. 

of trees 

in l6 

Per cent of bud clusters 

infested in the spring, 

16 16 

Degree of 

infestation 

in 16 

Lake Simcoe 

Tosorontio 2 27. 0 0.0 Light 

Mulmur 2 2.0 0.0 Light 

Lake Huron 

Keppel 3 10.4 2,0 Light 

Saugeen 2 11.4 29.0 Medium 

Bentinck 4 0.0 0.0 Light 

Beverly 3 - 0.0 Light 

Lake Erie 

Aldborough 1 1.8 0.0 Light 

Euphemia 2 2.4 0.5 Light 

North Cayuga 2 1.6 0.7 Light 

Pelham 1 5.5 Light 

Romney 2 10.3 4.6 Light 

Willoughby 3 1.3 1.1 Light 

Woodhouse 4 0.8 0.3 Light 

Yarmouth 1 2.6 1.5 Light 


High populations of this insect persisted in European and Japanese larch plantations 

in Lake Simcoe and Lake Erie districts. Medium infestations increased to 

heavy intensity at some locations in the Lake Huron District. 

In the Lake Simcoe District heavy infestations recurred in the older European 

and Japanese larch plantations in Simcoe and Dufferin counties and in the northern 

parts of Peel, York, and Ontario counties. Defoliation averaged about 80 per cent 

and complete stripping of the trees occurred in many plantations. Except in Wildman 

Forest in Tiny Township where young trees were heavily defoliated, infestations were 

generally light in younger plantations. Infestations in native tamarack stands were 

generally light. 

Tip mortality due to oviposition was severe in some older larch plantations but 

was light in other plantations. Although late larval mortality recurred in heavy 

infestations it was much less severe than in recent years and larger numbers of 

larvae spun cocoons. For example, a total of 600 cocoons was collected in a 4-foot 

square area in a plantation near Midhurst.

B5 

The medium infestation in a permanent sample plot in St. Edmunds Township in the 

Lake Huron District increased to heavy intensity. Curled tip counts revealed that 

50 per cent of the current year's growth were curled, compared with 16 per cent in 

1964. Defoliation in the area approximated 75 per cent. Medium infestations 

occurred commonly in tamarack stands elsewhere in the Bruce Peninsula. A heavy infestation 

festation recurred in a clump of tamarack in Howick Township and a medium infestation 

in Artemesia Township increased to heavy intensity. Infestations in European 

larch and tamarack elsewhere in the district were generally light but groups of trees 

suffered moderate defoliation in some areas. 

In the Lake Erie District severe defoliation of European larch recurred at 

quantitative sampling points in South Walsingham Township and in the Turkey Point 

Nursery, Charlotteville Township. Aerial spraying was carried out near Five Corners 

at the latter location using Malathion. The insecticide was applied at the rate of 

11 ounces per acre and 97 per cent of the larvae were killed within eight hours of 

spraying. Medium infestations recurred on mature European and Japanese larch trees 

at the St. Williams Forest Nursery. Light infestations in the Reynolds Tract, 

Howard Township increased to medium intensity. 

Sequential sampling to determine population densities was carried out at five 

points in the region. The results, based on the percentage of curled tips caused 

by adult oviposition, are summarized in Table 4. 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Curled Shoot Counts and Degrees of Infestation 

of the Larch Sawfly in the Southwestern Region 


Location 

(township 

by district) 

Host 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

in 1965 

Per cent of 

Degree of 

tips curled 

infestation 

196164 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Lake Simcoe 

Oro eL 7 75 65 60 H H H 

Uxbridge eL 9 33 35 70 H H H 

Lake Huron 

St. Edmund 

tL 8 70 16 50 H H H 

Lake Erie 

Howard eL 10 48 4 20 H 

S. Walsingham eL 12 53 60 44 H

B6 


Although light, medium and heavy infestations of this shoot borer persisted (see 

map) larval populations declined generally in the region in 1965 (Table 5). Scattered 

heavy infestations were recorded in Lake Huron and Lake Erie districts and only one 

small medium infestation was noted in the Lake Simcoe District. 

Leader damage to white pine in sample plots in Oro and Albion townships in the 

Lake Simcoe District declined from 12 and 10 per cent in 1964 to six and four per 

cent respectively in 1965. Elsewhere in the district leader damage did not exceed 

five per cent. As in previous years large vigorous shoots of unpruned Scots pine 

trees sustained little damage and survived attack by the insect. A number of 

parasites apparently play a major role in controlling larval populations of E. 

gloriola. Three hundred infested shoots were caged at Angus. The duff under the 

caged shoots was examined in October and produced numerous parasite pupae. 

In the Lake Huron District a heavy infestation occurred in a white pine plantation 

in the Brant Tract in Brant Township. In this plantation an average of 12 

shoots per infested tree were attacked and 40 per cent of the leaders were infested. 

Medium infestations were noted in white pine plantations in North Norwich, Puslinch, 

and Holland townships. Leader damage in the Little Tract in Puslinch Township 

increased from eight per cent in 1964 to 15 per cent in 1965. Light infestations 

were found commonly in Scots, red and white pine plantations. k light infestation 

was observed for the first time in a small jack pine plantation in Stephen Township. 

In the Lake Erie District populations of the insect declined at all sample points 

except in Thorold Township where a small increase was recorded in a white pine 

plantation. Although larval populations declined considerably, a heavy infestation 

recurred in a Scots pine plantation in Middleton South Township where 23 per cent 

of the leaders were attacked. Heavy infestations in white pine plantings in 

Charlotteville and Mosa townships declined to medium and light infestation respectively. 

Mass collections of infested shoots in 1964 may be responsible in part for the marked 

decline in the Charlotteville area. Further evidence on this theory will be obtained 

in 1966 in Middleton South Township where mass collections were made in 1965.

SOUTHWESTERN REGION 

DISTRICTS 

I LAKE SIMCOE 

2 LAKE HURON 

3 LAKE ERIE 

LAKE 

WHITE PINE SHOOT BORER 

MILES 

0 20 

Locations where infestations were 

observed in 1965 

Legend 


Medium infestation 


a) 

•

B 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Shoot Damage by the White-pine Shoot Borer 



■••••■•■•••■••/..........00 

Per cent Av. no. of Per cent 

Location Av. height of trees attacks per of leaders 

(township of trees infested infested tree attacked 

b district Host in feet l 6 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Lake Simcoe 

Oro wP 

Albion wP 

E. Gwillimbury wP 

King wP 

Orillia wP 

15 - 46 45 - 0.7 0.5 - 12 6 

10 - 45 40 - 1.7 0.5 - 10 4 

10 _ - 66 - - 0.8 - - 4 

12 - - 90 - - 1.1 - - 5 

10 - - 42 -0,5 - - 2 

Lake Huron 

Ashfield wP 12 87 85 80 5.0 4.0 4.0 6 3 5 

Puslinch wP 12 78 100 100 6.0 10.0 8.0 4 8 15 

Brant wP 10 - - 100 - - 12.0 - - 40 

Lake Erie 

Aldborough wP 6 15 52 15 1.0 1.2 1.1 0 16 2 

Charlotteville wP 7 10 95 7 1.0 4.0 1.3 8 54 7 

McGillivray wP 7 - - 31 - - 3.4 - - 9 

Middleton S. scP 9 20 100 85 2.0 10.8 7.6 2 40 23 

Mosa wP 6 10 85 13 3.0 4.5 1.0 1 35 0 

Thorold wP 11 - 31 35 - 1.3 1.5 - 0 6 


Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium pusillum Pk. 

This parasite continued to cause moderate branch mortality and light stem 

mortality in the Bruce Peninsula. Infections appeared to be heaviest on white and 

black spruce growing in very shallow soil between Greenough Point and Tobermory. 

Witches'-brooms were very common in this area. Heavy infections were also noted on 

white spruce trees near Wasaga Beach in Flos Township at at one location in Orillia 

Township. 

Armillaria Root Rot, Armillaria mellea (Vahl ex Fr.) Kummer 

Light tree mortality occurred in numerous pine plantations in the region in 1965. 

Moderate mortality of jack pine reproduction followed a recent windthrow of a parent 

stand in a small part of Duff erin Forest, Mulmur Township. Presumably A. mellea 

developed around the roots of the larger windthrown trees and spread to the regeneration. 

Several spruce seedlings which were planted between the stumps of a shelter row 

that had been removed about 10 years ago died in 1964 and 1965. Mycelium and

B 

rhyzomorphs were abundant on the roots of both dead and dying trees and numerous 

sporophores were seen on adjacent stumps. No spread of tree mortality was observed 

on the perimeter of a typical circular area in a red pine plantation in Uxbridge 

Township around which a trench had been dug and from which all the trees had been 

removed in 1962. Only one tree died at the edge of a similar centre of infection 

in a 30-year old red pine plantation in Medonte Township where no trench was dug 

but all the dead and dying trees were removed. 

Dutch Elm Disease, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau 

Recurrent high incidence of this disease caused severe tree mortality at numerous 

locations in the region (see photograph). Counts and surveys throughout the region 

show as high as 100 per cent incidence and almost total mortality in scattered clumps 

of white elm trees (Table 6). Tree mortality was most severe in the southern part of 

the Lake Simcoe District particularly in the Toronto-Brampton area. Elsewhere 

mortality was generally confined to small groups of trees and light infections were 

common. 

Although tree mortality was more severe in the southern part than elsewhere in 

the Lake Huron District the incidence of diseased trees increased sharply for the 

second consecutive year in Grey and Bruce counties. Even though sanitation measures 

have been carried out in several towns in the area it is almost impossible to obtain 

complete control and large elm shade trees are gradually diminishing in number in 

many residential areas. 

A marked increase in the incidence of infection was noted in small trees in the 

Lake Erie District. The disease continued to spread on English elm trees, Ulmus 

procera Salisb. at Port Stanley where it was first found on this host in 1964. One 

tree was removed from this site in the spring of 1965 but eight more were infected 

by September. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Dutch Elm Disease Surveys Carried Out On 

Roadside Elm Trees in the Southwestern Region 


Location 

township. 

Lake Simcoe 

No. of trees Condition of Trees 

examined Healthy Diseased Dead 

196 196 6 65 6 6 6 6 


infected 


Toronto 50 50 25 24 17 12 8 14 50 52 

Nottawasaga 50 50 49 49 1 1 0 0 2 2 

Orillia 50 50 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Reach 111 105 103 95 5 5 3 5 7 10 

Caledon 100 - 0 - 22 - 78 100 

Innisfil 58 - 48 - 7 - 3 17 

Lake Huron 

Sydenham 

50 50 48 47 1 2 1 1 4 6

B9 


Condition 

No. of trees 

of Trees 

Location examined Healthy Diseased Dead 

township. 16 16 6 6 6 6 66 


infected 

1964, 

16 

Lake Huron (cont'd) 

Stanley 50 50 41 33 9 13 0 4 18 34 

E. Oxford 50 50 46 43 3 5 1 2 8 14 

Nassagaweya 50 - 37 - 6 - 7 - 26 

Lake Erie 

Bosanquet 11 11 11 11 0 0 00 0 0 

Dunn 17 17 17 14 0 3 00 0 18 

Gainsborough 50 50 50 48 0 2 00 0 4 

Maidstone 50 50 45 35 5 2 0 13 10 30 

Southwold 31 42 30 29 1 5 0 8 3 31 

Thorold 21 21 20 19 1 1 01 5 10 

Zone 7 7 1 1 6 0 06 86 86 


Light and medium infections occurred commonly in white pine plantations in 

Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron districts (see photograph). In contrast, in the Lake 

Erie District the infection was observed at only one location in 1965. The heaviest 

centre of infection was noted in a county forest compartment in Melancthon Township 

where approximately 70 per cent of the trees were affected. 

In the Lake Huron District the incidence of attack ranged from one to 15 per 

cent and the highest stem mortality occurred in white pine plantations in Euphrasia 

Township. The medium infection in the Lake Erie District occurred in a private 

plantation near St. Thomas. 

Cytospora Canker of Spruce, Cytospora kunzei Sacc. 

Tree deterioration attributable to this pathogen and its perfect stage, Valsa 

kunzei Fr, continued in a small Norway spruce plantation near Shelbourne. Tree 

mortality increased from 15 per cent to approximately 35 per cent in 1965. Stem 

cankers occurred on many white spruce trees in a 35-year old plantation near 

Midhurst. Some trees have been girdled and killed by cankers in recent years and 

many others are threatened. In order to study the development of cankers and to 

forecast the rate of decline of trees in the plantation, cankers were measured, 

and their current periphery marked on ten typical randomly selected diseased trees, 

The cankers will be re-measured annually and the findings summarized. Cankers 

were common on the branches and stems of all other species of spruce occurring in 

the Lake Simcoe District. 

Cytospora nivea Hoffm. ex Sacc. 

A centre of severe infection was again observed in hybrid poplar in the Ontario 

Paper Company plantation in Wainfleet Township. Affected trees were characterized

B 10 

by branch and stem cankering and withering of leaves. Considerable tree mortality 

occurred. In Vespra Township, a heavy infection caused severe branch tip mortality 

on several Carolina poplar trees. Fruiting was also observed on a recently killed 

balsam poplar in Essa Township. 

Black Knot of Cherry, Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) 

Theiss. & Syd. 

Moderate and s vere infections recurred, particularly on eastern choke cherry, 

at several points. Stem mortality in excess of 30 per cent was noted at several 

locations in the region. 

Chestnut Blight, Endothia parasitica (Murr.) 

p. J. & H. W. Anderson 

Since the turn of the century this canker-causing fungus has eliminated sweet 

chestnut from the commercial forests of southern Ontario. Accidentally introduced 

into North America from Asia in 1904, it is one of the most destructive forest tree 

pathogens. 

This blight is common throughout Lake Erie District. Numerous sprouts which 

appear at the stumps of blight-killed trees appear thrifty for a time then become 

infected and die. They are then replaced by younger sprouts which in turn escape 

infection for a short time. The E. parasitica spores can be spread by rain splashings, 

by birds and insects, or by tools and clothing. 

Occasional solitary trees in the St. Thomas and St. Williams areas have attained 

heights of 15 to 25 feet but have failed to fruit. A mass collection of diseased 

material was made at the latter point on September 7 for use at the University of 

British Columbia. 

Fomes Root Rot, Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke 

This root rot fungus continued t* cause tree mortality in a recently-discovered 

infection centre in a 30-year old red pine plantation in Orr Lake Forest, Medonte 

Township, and in an old infection centre at St. Williams (see photographs). No 

additional tree mortality occurred in an old infection centre in Vivian forest, 

Whitchurch Township, although current fruiti of the causal organism was in evidence. 

In an attempt to prevent further spread of the disease by wind-borne spores, newly 

cut stumps in county forests were treated with a 10 per cent solution of sodium 

nitrite. Since this treatment will not curb the advance of the disease from tree 

to tree through root grafts tree mortality will likely continue in most of the 

established infection centres. 

Root and Butt Rot of Conifers, Polyporus tomentosus Fr. 

This organism had not been reported by the survey in Ontario for several years 

prior to 1964 and 1965 when it was found at three points in Midhurst Nursery and at 

three locations elsewhere in Simcoe County. Investigations of mortality and windthrow 

of large white spruce trees in shelter-rows between nursery compartments in 

1964 indicated that this disease was the causal fungus (see photographs). A few 

sporophores were found near the base of some of the dead trees. In 1965, additional 

trees died and numerous sporophores were attached to the roots of dead and dying

B 11 

trees. Fruiting bodies were common under the trees in a white spruce shelter row in 

Innisfil Township where about 50 per cent of the trees had died in recent years. 

Fruit bodies were also common in a 25-year-old white spruce plantation in Camp 

Borden as well as in a mixed natural stand near Angus in Essa Township, both of which 

were recently thinned. 

Deterioration of Roadside Maple 

Maple trees along paved highways in the Southwestern Region have deteriorated 

alarmingly at many points (see photograph and Table 7). 

At some locations all the trees were damaged, some heavily, and at a sample 

point in Vespra Township 23 per cent of the trees were dead. Symptoms were generally 

less prevalent and severe along gravelled and recently hard surfaced roads. For 

example, only 20 per cent of the trees along a road which had been hard surfaced in 

1963 in East Garafraxa Township were damaged compared with 100 per cent in Vespra 

Township beside a long-established hard surfaced road. 

Symptoms of damage include leaf scorch, curled stunted leaves, premature shedding, 

dead and dying branches in the crown, loss of vigour and eventual death of the tree. 

Several fungi commonly occur in association with this condition. 

It is suspected that annual heavy applications of salt to the road surface for 

snow and ice control is a major factor in causing tree decline. This is supported by 

evidence presented in a recent publication by A. E. Rich and N. L. Lacrosse. They 

found that 98 per cent of the trees examined along an unsalted road were healthy 

compared with only 12 per cent healthy trees along a salted highway. Salt content 

in the leaves, twigs and sap declined with increased distance between the tree and 

the road, and damage was less severe where the tree was more than 30 feet from the 

paved road or drainage was good. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Sugar Maple Deterioration 



Location 

townshi 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

No, sample 

trees 

No. of 

infected 

trees 

Per cent trees Per cent tree 

infected 

Lake Simcoe 

Vespra 24 30 30 100 23 

W. Gwillimbury 6 36 35 97 17 

E. Garafraxa 20 45 9 20 0 

Caledon 20 66 64 97 62 

Lake Huron 

Goderich 14 23 19 83 0 

E. Wawanosh 18 63 25 40 2 

Saugeen 12 43 16 31 2 

N. Dumfries 16 19 7 37 0

Injury Due to Changing Water Levels 

B 12 

High water in spring followed by drought conditions in summer appears to have 

caused high mortality of red and white pine in several young plantations in the Lake 

Simcoe District. High water in the spring presumably killed the original root 

system forcing new roots to grow further up the root collar. These roots were very 

shallow, one inch or less and were not able to withstand summer temperatures, 

particularly where water levels were low. 

For the second consecutive year low water levels caused severe browning, loss 

of vigour and light tree mortality in the Bruce Peninsula and on shoreline trees 

as far south as Goderich. The condition was most evident in clumps of eastern white 

cedar, white spruce and tamarack. 

Frost Injury 

For the second consecutive year late spring frosts severely damaged buds and 

new growth of a wide variety of deciduous and evergreen trees (see photographs). 

Damage was usually most severe in localized low-lying areas. Red oak, white oak and 

white ash were the most seriously affected deciduous hosts and moderate and severe 

bud damage occurred in white spruce, Norway spruce, fir and European larch at many 

points in the region. 

Leaf Scorch 

This physiogenic disease continued to be very prominent in the region in 1965. 

Premature discolouration and leaf drop was most prevalent on deciduous trees along 

older paved highways. Although it is felt that this disease is induced by several 

other conditions such as high temperatures and drying winds, it would appear that 

excessive use of salt in controlling snow and ice conditions is a major contributor. 

This supposition is borne out through surveys and observations on secondary roads 

where smaller quantities of salt are used and the disease is much less severe. 

TABLE 8 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the Southwestern Forest Region 


Organism Host Remarks 

Apiosporina collinsii 

(Schw.) Van Hohnel 

Aureobasidium pullulans 

(deBary) Arnaud 

Camarosporium robiniae 

(Westd.) Sacc. 

Chrysomyxa led! 

de Bary and C. 

ledicola 

Coleosporium asterum 

(Diet,) Syd. 

Se 

wP, rP, 

wS 

Hon 

wS 

jP, rP 

Cankers on single branches and 

blackening of leaves of two 

infected trees in Saugeen Twp. 

Common in Lake Simcoe District. 

Heavy infection in hedgerow near 

Garnet in Walpole Twp., 2i miles 

NE of point where disease was 

first found in Canada in 1961. 

Heavy foliar infection associated 

with dwarf mistletoe at Wasaga. 

Heavy infections in plantations in 

Melancthon and Grantham twps. 

Light infections common elsewhere.

B 13 


Or an]. sm Host Remarks 

Cryptodiaporthe densissima 

r0 

(Ell.) Wehm. 

Cytophoma pruinosa (Fr.) Hohn. Wa 

Cytospora chrysosperma Fr. W 

Cytospora spp. 

Haw, rP, 

siM 

Daedalia quercina L ex Fr. r0 

Diaporthe eres Nit. eDo 

Diplodia sp. 

Dothichiza populea 

Sacc. & Braird 

Eutypella parasitica 

Davidson & Lorenz 

Fomes igniarius 

(L. ex Fr.) Gill 

Fomes everhartii (Ell. & Gill) 

V. Schrenk 

Ganoderma applanatum 

(Pers.) Pat. 

Gnmonia ulmea 

(Sch, ex Fr.) Thum. 

Gnmonia veneta 

(Sacc. Speg.) Kleb. 

Gymnoconia peckiana 

(Howe) Trotter 

Gymnosporangium clavariiforme 

(Pers.) D. C. 

Gymnosporangium globosum Fare. 

Gymnosporangium juniperi- rJ 

virginianae Schw. 

Mo, rP 

bPo, cPo, 

1Po 

sM 

Lo 

rP 

wE 

Sy 

Raspberry 

Haw 

Haw 

Gymnosporangium sp. Se 

Cankering common on several small 

trees in Waterloo Twp. 

Caused light branch mortality on 

3" D.B.H. trees in Binbrook Twp. 

and at one point in Orillia Twp. 

Light and medium infections common 

in the region. 

Common on decadent coniferous and 

deciduous hosts. 

Fruiting bodies numerous on stump 

in N. Cayuga Twp, 

Cankers common on dead and dying 

stems and branches in Bentinck 

Twp. 

Associated with moderate mortality 

of young planted trees in a small 

compartment of the Midhurst Nursery 

and was present on dying 2-0 red 

pine stock in the St. Williams 

Nursery. 

Following severe infections in 

recent years infections were 

relatively light in the region in 

1965. 

Cankered trees common in region. 

Heavy infection caused stagnation 

of planted trees in Sunnidale Twp, 

Occasional conks on stem of one 

tree in Niagara Falls. 

Fruiting on stem of one tree in 

Pinery Provincial Park. 

Common on stumps in Holland Twp, 

Light and moderate foliage infections 

common in the region. 

Severe cankering and branch damage 

in Vaughan Twp. 

Moderate and light infections in 

Williams West and Euphemia twps. 

respectively. 

Light on one tree in Dawn Twp. 

Heavy foliage and current shoot 

damage in Medonte Twp, 

Very heavy infection at Fairfield 

Pioneer Village, Zone Twp.; medium 

and light at numerous points in 

the region. 

Heavy foliar infections in Baxter 

and Oxford twps.

Organism 

B 14 


Host 

Remarks 

Hypodermella ampla 

(J. J. Davis) Dearn. 

Hypomyces sp. 

Lenzites saepiaria 

(Wulf.) ex Fr. 

Melampsora abietis-canadensis 

Ludw. ex Arth. 

Melanconis everhartii Ell. 

Melanconis juglandis (E & E) 

Graves 

Melanconium sp. 


Phomopsis sp. 


Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) 

Bald. & Cif. 

Polyporus conchifer •(Schw.) Fr. 

Polyporus sulphureus 

Bull. Fr. 

Polyporus schweinitzii Fr. 

Polyporus tulipiferae 

(Schw.) Overholts 

Polyporus versicolor 

L. ex Fr. 

Puccinea coronata Cda. 

Scoleconectria scolecospora 

(Bref.) Seav. 

Steganosporium pyriforme Cda. 

jP 

wE 

rP 

eH 

Amur 

maple 

Wa 

wE, wB 

scP, 

PP 

Haw 

bPo 

tA 

wE 

r0 

wS, jL 

Sweet 

gum 

Buckthorn 

wP 

sM, rM 

Heavy foliar infections occurred 

in 30-year old plantations in 

Albion and Oro twps. 

Hypo parasite on agaric shelf 

fungi in S. Thorold Twp. 

Occurring on slash in Holland Twp. 

Eastward extension recorded in Lake 

Erie District; found at Spooky 

Hollow, Charlotteville Twp. No 

change in status in Lake Huron or 

Lake Simcoe districts. 

Associated with heavy branch mortality 

in Midhurst Nursery. 

Commonly associated with branch 

mortality in Albion Twp. 

Commonly associated with dying 

trees in Barrie. 

Little change in the status of 

this gall forming fungus disease 


Fruiting on dying branches of one 

tree in Binbrook Twp. 

Infected branches common on small 

trees in Caledon Twp. 

Light infections caused twig 

mortality at widely scattered 

locations in the Lake Huron District. 

Conks numerous on dead tree in 

Southwold Twp. 

Heavy infections on stumps in 

Turkey Point Nursery and light on 

living trees in this area and at 

Finery Provincial Park. 

Found in association with dead and 

dying trees in the Lake Simcoe 

District. 

Heavy fruiting on dying branches 

along Severn River in Baxter and 

Matchedash twps. 

Fruiting on dead branch of one 

tree at Port Dover. 

Foliage rust common in Brock and 

Markham twps. 

Light infection in Turkey Point 

Nursery. 

Associated with severe branch 

mortality in the Lake Simcoe 

District.

B 15 


Organism 

Stereum sp. 

Tubercularia sp. 

Tubercularia vulgaris 

Tode ex Fr. 

Uncinula salicis (Fr.) Wint. 

White Fine Needle Blight 

Host 

Che, WI 

siM, Mu 

I, sM 

tA 

wP 

Light on chestnut coppice and on 

dead witch-hazel at St. Williams 

Nursery and near Grand Bend 

respectively. 

Associated with branch mortality 

at points in Lake Simcoe and Lake 

Huron districts. 

Cankering observed in Wood and 

Bosanquet twps, 

Moderate and heavy infections on 

lower foliage at several locations 

in the Lake Simcoe District. 

The incidence of this physiogenic 

disease was high on sporadic trees 

in the region.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN LAKE SIMCOE DISTRICT 


Jack-pine Resin Midge 

A Midge on Red Pine 

Spruce Budworm 



Zimmerman Pine Moth 




Jack-pine Needle Miner 

Sugar-maple Borer 


Pales Weevil and the 

Northern Pine Weevil 

Pine Root-collar Weevil 


Forest Tent Caterpillar 


Two Jack-pine Sawflies 

Spring Cankerworm 

A Leaf-folding Sawfly 

June Beetle 


A Poplar Leaf Roller 

Elm Bark Beetles 

Maple Webworm 

Summary of Miscellaneous 

Page 

Argyresthia thuiella Pack, and 

Pulicalvaria thajaella Kft. B 16 

Cecidomyia reeksi Vock. B 16 

Cecidomyia sp. B 16 

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) B 16 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. B 17 

Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.) B 17 

. Dioryctria zimmermani Grt. B 18 

Diprion frutetorum (F.) 18 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) B 19 

Diprion similis (Htg.) 19 

Exoteleia Glycobius pinifoliella (Chem.) B 20 

speciosus (Say) 20 

Fenusa pusilla Lep.) B 20 

Hylobius Pissodes pales (Hbst.) and 

approximatus Hopk. B 20 

Hylobius radicis Buch. B 21 

Malacosoma americanum (F.) B 21 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. B 22 

Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) B 22 


and Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross.B 22 

Paleacrita vernata (Peck) B 23 

Phyllocolpa sp. on Poplar B 23 

Phyllophaga sp. B24 

Pissodes strobi Peck B 24 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. B 25 

Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) 

and Hylurgopinus rufipes Eich. B 25 

Tetralopha asperatella (Clem.) B 25 

Insects Collected B 25 

A. A, Harnden

B 16 

Cedar Leaf Miners, Argyresthia thuiella Pack. and 


Little change in the status of these leaf miners was noted in 1965. Heavy infestations 

again caused premature shedding of the foliage of eastern white cedar in 

a 40-mile wide band across the central part of the district. Severe defoliation in 

recent years has reduced growth and caused some branch and tree mortality. 

Jack-pine Resin Midge, Cecidomyia reeksi Vock. 

Moderate and heavy damage of the shoots of jack pine recurred at many points in 

the older plantations in the district. At many points in Sunnidale, Tosorontio, 

.Essa, Whitchurch, and East Gwillimbury townships 75 per cent of the current shoots 

were killed and the remainder severely damaged. 

A Midge on Red Pine, Cecidomyia sp. 

A little-known midge caused heavy damage to the current year's foliage of red 

pine trees in late summer in plantations in Vespra, Essa, Tosorontio, Sunnidale, and 

Oro townships. This minute insect feeds at the base of the needle within the needle 

sheath. At some locations 75 per cent of the needles were killed and prematurely 

shed in 1965. 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) 

Spruce budworm infestations recurred at approximately the same intensity as in 

1964 in Uxbridge Forest Headquarters Tract and declined for the second consecutive 

year at Midhurst. Anew medium infestation occurred in West Gwillimbury Township 

(Table 9). 

A medium-to-heavy infestation caused 55 per cent defoliation of the current 

year's foliage in a 35-year old white spruce plantation in Uxbridge Forest. The 

egg density increased from 68 clusters per 100 square feet of foliage in 1964 to 

almost 200 in 1965 indicating that population levels will greatly increase in this 

plantation in 1966. Medium infestations recurred in younger trees in adjacent 

compartments where 181 larvae were collected on 20-tray beating samples. Defoliation 

averaged approximately 40 per cent of the current foliage. 

Defoliation in a 35-year old white spruce plantation at Midhurst declined from 

11 per cent in 1964 to five per cent in 1965. Egg density surveys carried out in 

the fall revealed an increase in numbers of clusters from 1.4 in 1964 to '3.4 per 

100 square feet of foliage in 1965. 

A new medium infestation caused approximately 45 per cent defoliation on young 

blue spruce ornamentals along Highway 400 in West Gwillimbury Township in 1965.

B 17 

TABLE 9 

Defoliation of White Spruce by the Spruce Budworm 

in 1964 and 1965, Egg Densities, and 

Corresponding Forecasts for 1966 

Per cent 

Egg density per 100 feet 

defoliation 

of foliage 

Forecast for 

Location 1964 1965 1964 1965 1966 

Uxbridge Forest 55 55 68 196.6 Heavy 

Midhurst Forest 11 5 1.4 3.4 Light 

.111•101■•■0 


knew but small heavy infestation of this insect occurred in a European larch 

compartment in Vivian County Forest in 1965. Severe discolouration of the foliage 

due to larval feeding was observed over the entire crowns of the infested trees. 

No larvae were found on branch samples from plots in Vespra, Uxbridge, and Whitchurch 

townships in 1964 and 1965. The number of larvae per sample increased slightly in 

a plot in Albion Township but decreased in Medonte Township (Table 10). 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts 


Location 

to shi 

Medonte 

Albion 

Av. d.b.h. in 

inches in 1 

5 

4 

Av. no. of larvae 

per 18-inch branch 

1 16 

6 1.5 

1 

4.6 


Sample plots were established in 1962 to study the effects of infestations of 

this beetle on sugar maple reproduction. The plots were located in various degrees 

of exposure to light in or adjacent to mature sugar maple stands. All reproduction 

in square-yard quadrats in the study areas has been uprooted and examined annually. 

Infestations have declined for the second consecutive year in all quadrats. 

In plots 2A and 2C, located in an undisturbed stand in Oro Township no infested trees 

were found. In plot 3k in a partially thinned stand in Oro Township, the incidence 

of attack declined from 10 per cent in 1964 to 5.8 per cent in 1965. 

In a mature sugar maple stand in East Gwillimbury Township, part of which was 

heavily thinned in recent years, the incidence of attack declined by 1.7, 22.5 and 

17.8 per cent in shaded, fringe and open quadrats respectively.

B 18 

Since 1963 the incidence of attack in shaded areas has been considerably lower 

than in more open areas. However, the per cent of trees that have recovered was 

much higher in the open than in more shaded areas (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Damage by the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle 

in Lake Simcoe District, 1963-1965 

Av. basal Per cent of trees Degree 

Location 

Plot diameter in infested Per cent trees of 

(township ) numberin. 

in 1965 l96 1964 1965 recovered exposure 

Oro 

2k 4.0 2.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 Shaded 

2C 5.6 17.6 2.5 0.0 13.0 Fringe 

3A 3.8 22.2 10.0 5.8 7.8 Partial 

East Gwillimbury 1k 4.4 3.7 3.1 1.4 

1B 4.4 30.6 37.0 14.5 

1C 9.7 22.0 35.0 17.2 

0.0 Shaded 

3.6 Fringe 

20.7 Open 

Zimmerman Pine Moth, Dioryctria zimmermani Grt. 

Heavy infestations of this insect persisted in the trunks of several 8-inch 

Scots pine trees near Meadowvale in Toronto Township. Light infestations occurred 

in wounds caused by rodent feeding in the lower stem of young Scots and Austrian 

pine trees at several locations. A light infestation in the current shoots of 

red pine (the only known infestation of this insect in red pine shoots in Ontario) 

recurred in Camp Borden in 1965. Approximately five per cent of the shoots were 

mined and shed. 


A general decline in population levels of this sawfly of pines occurred at all 

sample points but one in 1965. The most notable decline occurred at one location 

in Pickering Township where a total of three larvae were counted on a 15-tray sample 

in 1965 compared with 29 larvae in 1964 (Table 12).

Location Tree 

Ilcrmapj____sPec j,es , 

B 19 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Introduced Pine Sawfly Larval Counts 

in Lake Simcoe District in 1964 and 1965 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Total, number of larvae 

p er 15-tray sample 

1964 

190 

Pickering scP 6 29 3 

Reach scP 6 34 27 

Melancthon scP 4 4 0 

Mono scP 7 6 3 

Vespra 

scP 

5 

7 

14 

Orillia 

scP 

4 

16 

11 

Oro wP 4 5 2 

Caledon scP 4 2 

111110 

Markham scP 4 5 


Population levels of this sawfly fluctuated considerably in 1965 compared with 

1964. Quantitative samples from spruce trees at seven widely-separated points 

showed that the highest population in the second generation occurred in Uxbridge 

Township where 21 larvae were counted in a 15 tray sample (Table 13). 

TABLE 13 



Location 

township• 

Total no. of larvae pe 

1 r sample 

1 1• 

Medonte 25 18 

Mara 

5 

6 

Whit church 

1 

0 

Vespra wS 3 16 

Nottawasaga wS 0 

Oro 

wS 

1 5 

Uxbridge 

wS 

O 21 

Introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion sis (Htg.) 

A decline in population levels occurred for the second year at all sample points 

but one, located in Pickering Township. The most noteworthy decline occurred in a 

Scots pine shelterbelt at a point in Mono Township where three larvae were counted 

on a 15-tray sample in 1965, compared with 199 larvae in 1964 (Table 14)., The 

eastern boundary of known distribution on the west side of Lake Simcoe was unchanged 

in 1965.

B 20 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Introduced Pine Sawfly larval Counts 


township Location 

Tree 

species 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inche 


er 15-tray sample 


1 

Pickering scP 6 13 67 

Reach scP 6 111 41 

Melancthon scP 4 6 0 

Mono scP 7 199 3 

Vespra scP 5 0 2 

Oro wP 4 17 8 

Jack-pine Needle Miner, Exoteleia pinifoliella (Cham.) 

Heavy infestations of this needle miner have persisted for several years in 

jack pine plantations in Flos, Vespra, Whitchurch, Uxbridge, and Albion townships. 

In Albion Township surveys showed 45.6 per cent of the current year's needles were 

killed by primary mining of the insect and most of the old foliage was mined. Light 

infestations were common elsewhere in the district. 

Sugar-maple Borer, Glycobius speciosus (Say) 

Recurrent attack by this large beetle in recent years caused severe damage to 

mature sugar maple trees in a 5-acre stand near Newmarket in East Gwillimbury Township 

(see photographs). 

The eggs are laid under bark scales or in crevices pf the bark from which the 

larvae mine directly between the bark and wood s usually across the grain of the wood. 

Larval mines causing large open wounds girdled and killed some trees, other mines 

healed but were easily detected by ridges and gall-like swellings in the bark. 

high proportion of branches were girdled and killed. In addition, the value of 

the trees was greatly reduced by the damage and, the accompanying wood stains. 


Marked increases in the extent and intensity of infestations of this sawfly 

occurred in 1965 (see map). Heavy infestations were observed commonly on weeping 

birch ornamentals in the district. At many locations 90 per cent of the leaves 

were mined and 75 per cent of the leaf surface damaged. Infestations were generally 

light in white birch stands. 

Pales Weevil, Hylobius pales (Hbst.) and the Northern Pine Weevil, 


These weevils continued to be major pests in Scots pine plantations where 

Christmas trees were harvested three or more consecutive years and in plantations 

where considerable tree mortality resulted from heavy infestations of the root 

collar weevil, Hylobius radicis Buch. The extent of dame to the branches of 

living trees by adult weevil feeding was proportionate to the numbers of stumps

" 

" 

B 21 

and dying trees available for brood material. 

Sodium arsenite applied to newly-cut stumps gave effective control in several 

plantations. However, hazards to persons applying the poison and to cattle, deer, 

and other animals, prevented widespread, use of the chemical. Tests carried out in 

two Scots pine plantations using two parts of 25 per cent emulsifiable concentrate 

DDT to three parts of water sprayed on the trees by mist blower early in September 

1964, prevented further damage. Scars caused by Pales weevil adult feeding prior 

to application of the spray healed by August 1965 and little or no "flagging" 

occurred. In adjacent untreated parts of the plantations adult feeding was heavy, 

typical "flagging" of the branches was severe, and the value of the trees was 

greatly reduced. 

Pine Root-collar Weevil, Hylobius radicis Buch. 

No change was noted in the extent and intensity of infestations of this weevil 

in 1965. Heavy infestations recurred in pine plantations in seven townships between 

Thunder Beach on Georgian Bay in the north and Highway 89 in the south. High 

population levels persisted in Camp Borden, Tosorontio Township. 

Surveys carried out in mature Christmas tree plantations in Essa, Tosorontio, 

and Vespra townships revealed 33, 14, and 14 per cent tree mortality respectively. 


As in recent years considerable fluctuation in the numbers of tents of this 

insect occurred in the district. The heaviest infestations occurred in the northern 

half of Simcoe County (see map). At sample locations in Baxter and Medonte 

townships 129 and 132 tents respectively were counted on wild cherry and hawthorne 

shrubs along one mile of roadway. A small pocket of very heavy infestation recurred 

in Flos Township where 154 tents were counted on 3-inch diameter black cherry trees 

along one-tenth of a mile of roadway. In the remainder of the district infestations 

declined to low levels. For example, at a point in East Luther Township no tents 

were observed in 1965 where 62 were counted in 1964 (Table 15). Parasites and 

predators reduced population levels considerably. Parasitism by Rogas species 

occurred commonly; and black birds, starlings and Baltimore orioles were observed 

feeding on the larvae at several locations in the district. The use of herbicides 

on roadside shrubbery was also a control factor locally. 

Location 

(township.) 

TABLE 15 



Type of plot 

Number of tents 

1,94 1965 

Sunnidale One mile 31 15 

Tiny 

215 

141 

f' 

Medonte 

74 

129 

East Luther 

62 

0 

Baxter 132 

CM. 

Flos 10th 154

LAKE SIMCOE DISTRICT 

MILES 

20 10 0 20 

1-1 

10 

BIRCH LEAF MINER 

Locations where infestations 

were observed in 1965 

Legend 



Heavy infestation


MILES 

1110 }_y 20 

40 

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR 



Legend 



Heavy infestation

sM 

tA 

B22 


A new light infestation of this insect occurred on red oak shade trees in Camp 

Borden in 1965. A heavy infestation which had occurred in a sugar maple stand in 

Medonte Township for three consecutive years declined largely to light intensity in 

1965. Surveys revealed that although 90 per cent of the eggs hatched, a high percentage 

of the larvae were killed by a polyhedral virus disease. Mass collections 

of mid-instar and late-instar larvae and pupae were submitted to the laboratory 

for rearing. Rearing records revealed that 74 per cent died in the mid-larval stage; 

40 per cent in the late larval stage and four per cent in the pupal stage. In the 

same collections Rogas species parasites killed 20 per cent of the mid-instar larvae; 

several species of dipterous parasites killed 40 per cent of the late-instar larvae 

and a common pupal parasite Sarcophaga aldrichii Park. killed 83 per cent of the 

pupae. As a result only 11 per cent of the insects in the collections reached 

maturity. No egg bands were found on three, 4-inch diameter trees sampled in the 

infested area in the fall. Forecasts of defoliation in 1966 based on egg band 

counts are given in Table 16. 

Location 

township 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Band Counts 

Taken on Three Trees at Each of Six Locations 


Tree 

species 

d.b.h. Total no. of 

in inches e bands 

Forecast 

Medonte 

4 0 Trace 

Mara tA 3 0 Trace 

Orillia tA 3 0 Trace 

Wood tA 4 2 Light 

Matchedash tA 4 2 Light 

Baxter 

5 5 Light 

Redheaded Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion 1 contei (Fitch) 

Small pockets of heavy infestation of this sawfly recurred at some locations 

and declined at others. At points in Baxter , Mara, Orillia, and Matchedash townships 

small pockets of heavy infestation were sprayed with a polyhedral virus 

disease. Most of the larvae died before pupation and it is therefore unlikely that 

heavy infestations will recur at those locations in 1966. 

Two Jack-pine Sawflies , Neodiprion ratti aradoxicus Ross and 

N. pratti banksianae Roh. 

A medium infestation of N. pratti paradoxicus persisted for the second consecutive 

year in a jack pine plantation in Melancthon Township in 1965. Defoliation 

averaged an estimated 40 per cent of theold foliage. A light infestation of N. 

pratti banksianae increased to medium intensity on six open-grown jack pine trees 

at one location in Mara Township. Defoliation approximated 45 per cent of the old 

foliage. A light infestation that had persisted for two years in a jack-pine 

shelter-belt in Oro Township subsided in 1965.

B 23 

Cocoons set out at the above locations to study the parasite complex of the 

two species showed that a native parasite, Lamachus species and an imported species, 

Drino bohemica Mesn. attacked larvae of N. pratti banksianae in Oro Township, a 

native parasite, Mastrus aciculatus (Provancher) attacked cocoons of both species 

in Oro and Mara townships and two cocoon parasites, Dahlbominus fuscipennis 

(Zetterstedt) and Pleolophus basizonus (Gravenhorst) which were imported from Europe 

and released about 20 years ago were found at all three locations (Table 17). 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Parasite Recoveries of Jack Pine Sawflies 

in Lake Simcoe District in 1963 and 1964 

Parasite 

species 

Lamachus sp. 

Drino bohemica* 

Pleolophus basazonus* 

Dahlbominus fuscipennis* 

Mastrus aciculatus 

Host stage 

t attack 

Larva 

Cocoon 

Note* Imported parasite species 

Spring Cankerworm, Paleacrita vernata (Peck) 

" 

Location of recoveries 

Melancthon Mara 

x x 

x x 

township 

Oro 

x 

x 

x 

x 

x 

Infestations of this looper declined in extent and intensity on elm trees at 

many locations in the district (see map). However, heavy infestations causing 

approximately 90 per cent defoliation persisted at numerous locations in Medonte, 

Oro, and Vespra townships. Heavy infestations on fence-row trees and in elm stands 

in Sunnidale, Essa, Adjala, Mono, Mulmur, and Orillia townships declined to medium 

intensity. k medium infestation on large open-grown trees at one location in 

Nottawasaga Township declined to light intensity. Tree mortality occurred in a 

clump of large trees in Sunnidale Township where severe defoliation had occurred 

for three consecutive years. 

Leaf-folding Sawfly, Phyllocolpa sp. on Poplar 

Populations of this leaf-folding sawfly, formerly known as Nematus species, 

fluctuated considerably in 1965 compared with 1964. Surveys in Matchedash and 

Tosorontio townships showed that the incidence of leaf folds increased from two to 

22, and from seven to 24 respectively (Table 18). The heaviest infestation in the 

district was found on trembling aspen trees in Medonte Township where 98 folds 

were counted on 100 leaves examined. At a sample point in West Gwillimbury Township, 

of 53 folds counted on 100 leaves, 37 were empty and little damage resulted, 

due largely to failure of the eggs to hatch.


MILES 

20 40 

SPRING CANKERWORM 



Legend 



Heavy infestation

B24 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Leaf-folding Sawfly Counts in Lake Simcoe District 


Note; Counts were based on the examination on 100 leaves of four trees at each 

location. 

,=========== 

Location Tree Number of folds per hundred leaves 

Township species 1 1 6 

Matchedash tA 2 22 

Orillia tA 1 4 

Albion tk 44 31 

Tosorontio tA 7 24 

W. Gwillimbury cPo 53 

Medonte tA 98 

June Beetle, phyllophaga sp. 

Although little root damage by larvae of this insect was recorded in 1965 heavy 

adult populations which emerged from the soil in May and June caused moderate to 

severe defoliation of a wide variety of deciduous trees in the district. In Mara 

Township, heavy adult feeding over a prolonged period resulted in mortality of a 

few young open-grown ash trees (see photograph). Heavy adult flight occurring at 

3-year intervals usually results in severe larval damage to the roots of ground 

vegetation and young trees the following summer. Control measures are advised in 

1966 where second-year white grubs are common, especially where the planting of 

trees is contemplated in sodded fields. 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck 

The incidence of leader damage caused by thi weevil increased at three sample 

points and declined at six points in 1965 (Table 19). The most notable decline in 

leader damage occurred at a point in Matchedash where nine per cent of regeneration 

white pine trees were attacked in 1965 compared with 36 per cent in 1964. 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White-pine Weevil 


Location 

townshi 

Tree 

s ecies 


1 

Whitchurch wP 30 54 

Matchedash wP 36 9 

Essa wP 71 30 

Orillia wP 18 11 

Gwillimbury wP 35 65 

Oro wP 26 13 

Whitchurch nS 5 10 

Vespra nS 44 30 

Innisfil 

King 

wP 

wP 33 

38 

24

B 25 

A. Poplar Leaf Roller, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

Heavy infestations of this leaf-roller recurred for the sixth consecutive year 

in trembling aspen stands in Baxter, Wood, Matchedash, Orillia, Medonte, aid Rama 

townships where up to 90 per cent of the leaves were rolled. Scattered medium and 

heavy infestations recurred south of Lake Simcoe in East Gwillimbury, North Gwillimbury, 

West Gwillimbury, and Georgina townships. Heavily infested trees did not 

produce adventitious foliage. 

Elm Bark Beetles, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) and 


No change in the eastward advance of S. multistriatus was noted in 1965. In 

Simcoe County this vector of Dutch elm disease, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. 

Moreau was found in small numbers west of a line between Midland and Hawkstone, 

and in Ontario County south of a line between Lake Simcoe near Port Bolster and 

Cannington. High populations occurred in dead and dying elm trees in the southern 

part of the district, decreasing in numbers northward to approximately Highway 89 

where light infestations occurred. Pupae reared in the field showed that pupal 

parasites played a very minor role in population control. Heavy infestations of 

the native species, H. rufipes were found at all points examined in the district and 

was considered the more important vector of the disease in the district. 

Maple Webworm, Tetralopha asperatella (Clem.) 

A heavy infestation of this webworm that occurred in a sugar maple stand in 

Medonte Township in 1964 declined to light intensity in 1965. Adults of this 

species oviposit in rolled or folded leaves within which the resulting larval 

colonies feed. Leaves rolled by the forest tent caterpillar in this area prior to 

1965 provided an abundance of oviposition sites and heavy infestations of the 

webworm resulted. However, a sharp decline of forest tent caterpillar populations 

in 1965 reduced the number of rolled leaves and webworm populations subsided. 

TABLE 20 


in Lake Simcoe District 


Host s Remarks 

Acleris variana Fern 

wS 

Adelges abietis Linn. nS, wS 


wS 

Adelges strobilobius Kalt. eL, nS 

Agrilus liragus Bary. & Br. 

Alsophila pometaria (H 

Altica ulmi Woods 


tA. 

b0 

Ba, 

tA, ltA 

Recurred at very low levels. 

Moderate numbers of galls on some 

trees. 

Galls numerous on some trees. 

Heavy foliage damage of European 

larch at many points. Galls 

light on Norway spruce. 

Sucker growth mortality common in 

most areas. 

Light infestation on burr oak near 

Orillia, very low numbers elsewhere. 

Populations very low. 

Heavy populations at points in 

Mulmur and Medonte townships.

B 26 


Insect Ho s Remarks 




Archippus packardianus Fern 

Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kft. 

Brachyrhinus ovatus Linn. 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. 

Choristoneura pinus Freem. 

Choristoneura rosaceana Harr. 

Chrysopeleia ostryaella Chant. 

Coleophora ulmifoliella McD. 



Datana integerrima G. & R, 

Datana ministra Dru. 

Dendroctonus valens Leo. 


Elaphidion parallelum News. 

Epinotia nanana Treit 

Erannis tiliaria Harr. 

Eriophes Exoteleiapopuli Nal. 

dodecella Linn. 


Gretchena delicatana Heinz. 


eL 


scP, wP Heavy and medium infestations at 

many locations. 

ecCh Small pockets of medium and light 

infestation in north half of 

district. 

wS,Larvae common along Highway 400. 

spruce 

wP 

Light infestations common. 

wS, wP Adults common in most areas 

examined. 

wB 

Very low populations in the district. 

scP, jP Light infestations in the flowers 

at some locations. 

1A, w0, Populations low. 

b0 

I 

r0 

bF 

Medium infestations in Albion Township 

declined to light intensity. 

Heavy infestations recurred in 

Georgina Township. 

Populations at very low levels. 

Populations high at points in Namur 

and Medonte townships, low elsewhere. 

Wa 

Heavy infestation on six trees 

north of Barrie. 

wB, W, Colonies rarely found. 

Ap 

rP, scP Adults found in lower stems of 

trees adjacent to dying trees, 

and in stumps. 

scP, jP Light infestations in the shoots 

of young reproduction trees in 

Essa Township. 

rO, b0 

nS, wS 

Branch damage generally light. 

Medium infestations on Norway 

spruce, light on white spruce at 

Midhurst. 

Ba 


bPo Galls common at some locations. 

scP 

Low populations recurred. 

Heavy infestations in Brampton 

declined to medium, heavy infestations 

recurred in Vespra and 

Nottawasaga townships. 

Heavy infestations declined to, 

light intensity. 

deciduous Only occasional colonies seen.


B 27 

TABLE 20, (continued) 

Host 

Remarks 

Ips chagnoni Sw. 

Ips pini Say 

Leucoptera albella Chain. 

Lithocolletis aceriella Clem. 

Lithocolletis ostryarella Chain, 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Cham. 

Macrophya punctum–album (L.) 



Nymphalis antiopa Linn . 

Ocnerostoma strobivorum Free. 

Pamphilius ochreipes (Cr.) 

Paratetranychus ununguis (Jac.) 

Petrova albicapitana (Busck) 

Phratora purpurea purpurea Brown 

Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

Pineus strobi (Htg.) 




Phyllocoptes aceris–crumena (Ely.) 

rP 

rP, wP 

bPo 

sM, rM 

tA 

Privet 

bF 

JP 

deciduous 

wP 

Viburnum 

Numerous 

JP 

tA 

wS 

wP 

wP 

bF 

Mo 

sM 

Heavy infestations in dying trees. 

High populations in dying trees. 

Light infestations common at many 

points. 

Light infestations common. 

Light infestations in Simcoe and 

Dufferin counties. 

Low populations persisted in the 

district. 

Heavy infestations recurred on 

hedges in North York Township. 

High populations in the top six 

feet of many trees in Simcoe and 

Dufferin counties. 

Light infestation on six trees in 

Mara Township increased to heavy. 

Seventy–five per cent defoliation 

resulted. 

Widely scattered colonies common. 

Populations very low in the 

district. 

Heavy infestation on shelter–belt 

at Midhurst. 

Heavy concentrations found on many 

host species throughout the 

district. 

Pitch masses common at points in 

it church and E. Gwillimbury 

townships. 

Heavy infestations in Uxbridge 

Forest declined to medium 

intensity. 

Light infestations recurred in 

Melancthon Township. Small 

heavy infestation at a point in 

Mara Township. 

Heavy concentrations in Vivian 

and Uxbridge forests declined to 

light. Medium infestation on 

current shoots of 4–year old wP 

in Adjala Township. 

Heavy' infestations in young dying 

trees. 

Populations very low due to two– 

year life cycle of the insect. 

Heavy infestation on a few trees 

near Orillia. 

Heavy infestations recurred on 

some trees.

B28 



Recurvaria florae Free. 

Rhyacionia adana Heinr. 

Rhyacionia busckana Heinr. 

Saperda moesta Lec. 

Schizura concinna J. E. Smith 

Sternochetus lapathi (L.) 

Taniva albolineana Kft. 

Trisetacus grosmanni Keifer 

Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana. Ratz. 

Zelleria haimbachi Busck. 

Host(s) 

rP 

rP 

jP 

tA 

tA, Ap 

bPo, tA 

Blue 

spruce 

bF 

wS 

jP 

Remarks 

New heavy infestations in flowers. 

Life history of this insect unknown 

but will be studied in 

1966. 

Heavy shoot damage recurred in 

Nottawasaga Township, 

Mined shoots common in the 

district. 

Heavy infestations recurred in 

stems of young trees in Vivian 

Forest. 

Widely scattered colonies. 

High populations in stems or 

young trees in Uxbridge and Essa 

townships. 

Heavy infestations on ornamental 

trees along Highway 400 recurred. 

Infested buds numerous at a point 

in Medonte Township. 

A. heavy infestation declined to 

medium at a point in Medonte 

Township. 

Heavy infestations declined to 

light intensity in 1966.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE LAKE HURON DISTRICT 

Fall Cankerworm 


Jack-pine Budworm 

A Leaf Miner on Ironwood 



Walnut Caterpillar 

Yellow-necked Caterpillar 




Pine Bud Moth 



Two Jack-pine Sawflies.... 

Spring Cankerworm 000 


White-pine Weevil. 

Undetermined Loopers 


•• 

Alsophila pometaria (Harr.) 


Choristoneura Anus Free. 

Chrysopeleia ostryaella Cham. 

Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) 

Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.) 

Datana integerrima G. & R. 

Datana ministra Dru. 

Diprion frutetorum (F.) 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) 

Diprion similis (Htg.) 

Exoteleia dodecella Linn. 

Malacosoma americanum (F.) 



and N. pratti paradoxicus Ross 

Paleacrita vernata Peck 


Pissodes strobi Peck 

Semiothisa spp, 

Page 

'829 

• 29 

29 

29 

B 29 

B 30 

B 31 

B 31 

B 31 

B 31 

B 32 

B 33 

B 33 

B 33 

34 

B 34 

B 34 

B 35 

B 36 

B 36 

R. L. Bowser

B 29 


Fall Cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harr.) 

A marked decline in larval populations of this defoliator of hardwoods occurred 

in 1965. Scattered light infestations generally caused less than 10 per cent defoliation 

of white elm and basswood trees in the central and southern parts of the 

district. 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) 

A light infestation occurred for the second consecutive year in white spruce 

plantings in the Grey Main Tract, Glenelg Township. Small numbers of larvae were 

recovered in beating samples from white spruce trees in the Bruce Peninsula and 

from balsam fir trees in Artemesia Township. 

Jack-pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus Free. 

Following two consecutive years of medium infestation in jack pine plantations 

in Keppel and Normanby townships larval populations declined to light intensity in 

1965. The insect was found in small numbers in a red pine plantation in the Hall 

Tract, Blenheim Township, where a medium infestation occurred in 1964. Light infestations 

were noted commonly in scattered Scots, red, and jack pine plantings 

elsewhere in the district. 

A Leaf Miner on Ironwood, Chrysopeleia ostryaella Cham. 

Except in Beverly. Township where a medium infestation persisted, populations 

of this leaf miner were generally lower than in 1964. The most significant decline 

occurred in Sullivan Township where the larval population decreased to light intensity 

following three consecutive years of heavy infestation. Although the insect was 

found in small numbers at several other locations, leaf damage was of little consequence. 

Parasitism, evident in collections from Beverly Township, may have contributed 

to the general decline. 


Minor to noteworthy increases in larval populations were observed at several 

locations in the district in 1965. The most significant increases occurred at 

quantitative sample points in Amabel and Blandford townships where light infests, 

tions increased to medium intensity. The larval population at a sample point in 

Glenelg Township decreased for the fourth consecutive year (Table 9). Medium infestations 

were also noted in a European larch plantation in the Sandy Hill Tract, 

Woolwich Township, and in a tamarack stand in West Luther Township. Random counts 

of the total number of larvae on two 18-inch branch tips at five widely-separated 

points varied from five to 57. 

Two species of introduced parasites were reared from a collection of pupae from 

Holland Township. Twenty-three per cent were parasitized by Agathis pumila (Ratz.) 

and one per cent by Epilampsis laricinellae (Ratz,).

B 30 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts at Six Points 

in the Lake Huron District from 1963 to 1965 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips from the midcrown 

of four trees at each location. ' - 

Location 

town ship) 



Av, no. larvae per branch tip 

1963 1964 1965 

Lindsay 6 1.0 4.1 5.1 

Amabel 5 7.2 U.2 21.4 

Bentinck 5 2.1 3.3 7.0 

Blandford 6 14.0 12.1 27.7 

S. Dumfries 6 29.1 20.5 22.6 

Glenelg 6 21.5 15.0 4.4 


Adult populations of this beetle continued to cause light and moderate damage to 

sugar maple regeneration throughout the district. Surveys to determine the degree 

of damage were continued in two sampling areas (Table 10). Sampling was based on the 

examination of all coppice growth in two randomly selected square-yard plots in each 

area. The accumulated incidence of attack in the 5-millimeter basal diameter class 

in Puslinch Township increased from 12.4 per cent in 1964 to 20.8 per cent in 1965. 

In Sullivan Township damage in the 6-millimeter class was 19.6 per cent, virtually 

the same as in 1964. 

Plots 1 and 2 were located in Puslinch Township and plots 3 and 4 were in 

Sullivan Township. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Damage by the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle at 

Two Locations in the Lake Huron 

District in 1965 

Note: All the sugar maple reproduction in square-yard plots was examined. 

Plot 

No. stems Av. basal diem. Av. height Per cent of 

No. examined in millimeters of trees in inches trees infested 

1 34 5.3 12.3 26.5 

2 53 4.5 12.0 15,1 

3 20 6.6 14.0 25.0 

4 14 5.8 11.7 14.3

LAKE HURON DISTRICT 



Legend 



a) 

a 

OLWICH 

e 

, 

Qs\>'‘ 

„011,00 0 

wiLNIOT 

N DOW 

,e S . - 

3(4! 051py, o 1.000° - -- 

051 ' 

a, 

10P° 

0 

BEVERLY 

'6"Po 

Hingtort 

1 LTO N 

20 10 0 

1 

MILES 

20 

40

B 31 

Walnut Caterpillar, Datana integerrima G. & R. 

Population levels of this caterpillar increased generally in 1965. Moderate 

to severe defoliation of walnut trees occurred for the second consecutive year in 

the St. Mary's-Thamesford area and in Stephens Township, Huron County. An increase 

in population levels was observed in several areas in the southern part of Huron 

County, throughout Halton County, at numerous points in Oxford, Wentworth and 

Brant counties and at one location in south Wellington County. Thirty-five to 50 

per cent defoliation occurred commonly in the above areas, and occasional trees 

suffered from 75 to 100 per cent defoliation. The heavy infestation in Arran Township 

declined to light-to-medium intensity in 1965. 

Yellow-necked Caterpillar, Datana ministra (Drury) 

A light-to-medium infestation of this caterpillar persisted on several large 

roadside white elm trees south of Thamesford in North Oxford Township. Defoliation 

ranged from 10 to 35 per cent on individual trees. Light infestations were noted 

between Bright and Hickson in East Zorra Township and near Grand Bend in Stephen 

Township. Five colonies were counted on one open growing basswood tree in Esquesing 

Township. 

Nursery Pine Sawfly, Diprion frutetorum (Htg.) 

Although only light infestations recurred, quantitative sampling showed minor 

increases in larval populations (Table 11). The total number of larvae in quantitative 

samples taken from Scots, white and jack pine at several widely-separated 

locations elsewhere in the district ranged from two to 11. 

TABLE 11 


Taken at Four Locations in the Lake 

Huron District from 1963 

to 1965 

Total no. larvae per 

Location Tree Av. d.b.h. 15-tray sample 

(township) species in inches 1963 1964 1965 

Keppel scP 6 16 9 18 

St. Vincent scP 5 2 0 6 

Euphrasia scP 4 4 2 5 

Woolwich wP 5 3 1 9 


Noteworthy increases in larval populations of this sawfly occurred in 1965 

compared with 1964 at sample points in Albemarle and St. Edmunds townships where the 

total number of larvae per 15-tray sample increased from 13 to 62, and 47 to 78 

respectively (Table 12). In contrast, at a sample point in Holland Township, the 

number of larvae per sample decreased from 82 to 30. Random sampling at several 

other locations revealed two to 30 larvae per sample.

B 32 

TABLE 12 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts Taken 

from White Spruce Trees at Seven Points in the 

Lake Huron District from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

townshi 

Av, d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 


15-tray sample 

Date 

sam led 

Albemarle 

St. Edmunds 

Glenelg 

Holland 

Woolwich 

Euphrasia 

Minto 

6 

6 

6 

4 

4 

5 

5 

14 

13 

62 

45 47 78 

3 

9 

86 82 

6 

10 

43 

9 

3 

30 

5 

27 

11 

Sep 14 

Sep 14 

Sep 28 

Sep 13 

Sep 20 

Sep 23 

Sep 28 


Numbers of larvae declined generally for the second consecutive year. This 

trend was most evident in Scots pine windbreaks in Keppel and St. Vincent townships 

(Table 13). Random sampling revealed a maximum of 27 larvae per sample. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Introduced Pine Sawfly Larval Counts Taken 

at Seven Locations in the Lake Huron 

District from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

township. 

Tree 

s.-cies 

Av, d.b.h. 

in inches 


1963 1964 1965 

St. Vincent 

Artemesia 

Minto 

Keppel 

Woolwich 

Beverly 

Euphrasia 

scP 5 126 25 6 

wP 4 9 7 8 

wP 5 3 7 1 

scP 7 42 26 16 

wP 6 3 10 

wP 4 4 2 1 

scP 4 13 14 6

B 33 


Light infestations were observed more commonly in Scots pine plantings than in 

1964. Although bud damage increased slightly at some locations, no serious damage 

was observed in the district in 1965 (Table 14). 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Damage Caused by the Pine Bud Moth to Scots 

Pine Buds at Three Points in the Lake Huron 


Note: Samples were based on the examination of buds from single branches from 10 

trees at each point. 

Location Total no. of buds Per cent of buds infested 

townshi examined in 16 l'6 1 6 1 6 

Beverly 470 22.5 4.2 6.2 

Glenelg 443 2.6 3.0 2.1 

North Dumfries 500 35.0 9.1 12.0 


Light infestations persisted at numerous locations. The highest populations 

were noted in Brant Township where 84 tents were counted along one mile of roadside 

(Table 15). Eastern choke cherry, black cherry and apple were the preferred host 

trees. 

TABLE 15 


at Eight Points in the Lake Huron 


Location 

(township) 

Number colonies per mile of roadside 

1963 1964 1965 

Brant 48 95 84 

Albemarle* 0 0 0 

Derby 14 16 24 

Sullivan 136 39 23 

Burford 21 3 

Amabel* 43 21 12 

Guelph 53 33 19 

Arran 19 24 38 

* square chain plot 

Balsam—fir Sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harr.) 

For the third consecutive year small pockets of light and medium infestation

B34 

occurred commonly in Grey and Bruce counties. As in 1964 balsam fir trees in infested 

areas generally suffered 50 to 75 per cent defoliation in the upper third of 

the crown. Light infestations recurred on balsam fir trees in the northern part 

of the Bruce Peninsula whereas few larvae were observed on white spruce in the area. 

Two Jack-pine Sawflies, Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh„ and 

N. pratti paradoxicus Ross 

Light infestations of these two sawflies recurred in jack-pine plantations at 

several locations in Grey and Bruce counties. Of the two species N. pratti banksianae 

was most abundant. Defoliation in sample areas did not exceed 10 per cent (Table 16) 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Colony Counts of Two Jack-pine Sawflies 

and Estimates of Defoliation of Old Foliage 

at Three Points in the Lake 

Huron District from 


Note° Counts were taken on 10 trees at each sample point. 

Av, no. colonies Estimated 

Location Av. d.b.h. Av. height per tree per cent 

(township) in inches in feet 1963 1964 1965 defoliation 

Amabel 5 20 2.0 2.1 1.0 -5 

Holland 3 20 1.0 1.0 2.1 5 

Artemesia 4 20 - 6.0 4.1 -10 

Spring Cankerworm, Paleacrita vernata Peck 

Heavy infestations in Keppel Township, the Rocklyn-Goring and Flesherton areas 

declined generally to light and medium intensity in 1965. In the Hanover-Durham- 

Arthur area 30 to 50 per cent defoliation of occasional open-growing white elm trees 

occurred compared with 75 to 90 per cent in 1964. Damage was of little significance 



Light and medium infestations recurred in numerous white spruce plantations in 

Grey, Bruce, and Wellington counties in 1965 (Table 17). Although in sane instances 

large numbers of trees were infested, the number of insects per infested tree was 

very low. Moderate defoliation was observed at scattered points in Bentinck, Glenelg, 

and Holland townships. 

small numbers of the insect were found in Huron, Waterloo, Oxford, and Halton 

counties.

13 35 

TABLE. 17 

Summary of Infestations of the Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly 

at Eight Points in the Lake Huron District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 white spruce trees at each point. 

Tract Township 

Rennie Euphrasia 

Rocklyn Euphrasia 

Riddell Bentinck 

Crawford Bentinck 

Main Glenelg 

Kenny Glenelg 

Minto Minto 

Victory Arthur 

Per cent of 

Degree of 

trees infested 

infestation 

1963 1964 1965 in 1965 

68 75 60 

54 15 8 

40 90 95 M 

14 50 62 L 

35 75 50 L 

42 35 52 L 

20 16 4 L 

4 4 0 L 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck. 

Moderate to high incidence of weevil damage was noted at several locations in the 

district in 1965. Twenty to 40 per cent leader damage occurred in parts of the Riddell 

Tract, Bentinck Township. The incidence of attack increased from 20 per cent in 1964 

to 25 per cent in 1965 in a small section of the Grey Main Tract, Glenelg Township, 

and from five to 15 per cent in the Moir Tract, Culross Township, general increase 

in leader damage occurred in several white pine plantations in the southern part of 

Bruce County. Light damage was noted in the Galt and Guelph areas. 

Counts made to determine the degree of infestation at two sample points are 

summarized in Table 18, 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Shoot Damage by the White-pine Weevil in Plantations 

at Two Points in the Lake Huron District 


Note; Counts were based on the examination of 100 trees at each point. 

Location 

townshi 

...1111V 




infested 

196 16.; 1965 

.01,1MIOMMIIMM12.1■11■0M. 


infested all 

ears 

Brant 

private 

plantation 

Culross 

Moir Tract 

5 

4 

7 3 4 63 

2 5 15 17

Undetermined Loopers, Semiothisa spp. 

B 

For the second consecutive year low populations of these loopers were found 

commonly in beating samples from pine, white spruce and balsam-fir trees (Table 19). 

The highest numbers occurred on jack-pine trees in E, Wawanosh Township. Larval 

populations on balsam-fir trees in Artemesia and Glenelg townships decreased from 

4.6 larvae per tray in 1964 to 1.6 in 1965. The lowest numbers were recorded on 

white spruce trees. 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Semiothisa spp. Larval Counts Taken From Five 

Tree Species at 12 Points in the Lake Huron District 


erommo...a.mowes. 

Tree 

species 

No. areas 

sampled 

v. d.b.h. of sample 


No. of trays 

per sample 

IT. no, larvae 

per tray 

jp 1 5 15 2,7 

bF 2 6 20 1.6 

wP 4 5 15 1.0 

scP 1 7 15 0.7 

wS 4 5 15 0,25 

TABLE 20 


in Lake Huron District 


Altica ulmi Wood 

Anisota senatoria A. & S. 



• Argyresthia aureoargentella 

Brower. 

Argyresthia freyella Wlshm. 


Host 

wE 

b0 

ecCh 

wB 

eC 

eC 

tL, eL 

marks 

Light infestations in Normanby and 

Albemarle townships. 

The medium infestation in N. Oxford 

Township declined to light intensity. 

Light localized infestations in 

Trafalgar and Blenheim townships. 

Small pockets of medium infestation 

in Lindsay Township. Light in Brant 

and Ashfield townships. 

Occasional light defoliation noted 

in the Bruce Peninsula and along the 

west shoreline. 

Caused severe browning and twig 

mortality in the Bruce Peninsula. 

Found in small numbers in association 

with other cedar leaf miners. 

Six and four per cent of new shoots 

infested at points in Amabel and 

Albemarle townships. Trace elsewhere.


B 37 


Host 

Remarks 

Argyresthia thuiell Pack. 

Argyrotaenia pinatubana 

Caripeta angustiorata Wlk. 

Cecidomyia reeksi Vock. 

Coleophora ulmifoliella McD. 



Dioryctria zimmermani (Grote) 


Exoteleia pinifoliella Chamb. 





Halisidota caryae Harr. 

Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fall.) 


Lithocolletis ostryarella Chamb. 

Monoctenus fulvus Nort. 

Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 


Nepticula sp. 

Nymphalis antiopa Linn. 

eC 

Caused moderate leaf damage in Holland 

and Brant townships. 

wP 

Low population in Woolwich Township. 

wP, scP Low populations common in plantations. 

JP 

Caused heavy branch tip mortality 

in Keppel Township. Moderate damage 

recurred in Holland Township. 

wE 

Light infestation in Stephen Township. 

rP 

Low population of beetles feeding in 

cones in St. Edmund Township. 

rP Heavy infestationsof this coneworm 

in mixed pine plantations in Brant 

Township. 

wP 

Low populations at scattered locations. 

Ba 

Scattered low populations. 

JP 

Light infestations persisted in 

Lindsay, Derby, Holland, and Woolwich 

townships. Small numbers in 

Keppel and Artemesia townships. 

Al 

Light infestation of this leaf miner 

in Erin Township. 

wB 

A small heavy infestation in Esquesing 

Township. Light elsewhere. 

wE Localized pockets of light and medium 

infestation in Derby and Artemesia 

townships. 

Medium and heavy infestations common 

in northern part of district. 

Bu, I Scattered colonies observed. 

wB 

Light infestations in the Bruce 

Peninsula. 

Wild Low populations in the district. 

apple, 

wE, wB, 

Haw 

I 

Light damage in t, - verly Township. 

eC 

Low populations common in the 

district. 

rP, JP A light-to-medium infestation 

occurred in Waterloo Township. 

rP, jP A light infestation occurred in 

St. Edmund Township. 

wP A decrease in larval colonies was 

evident in the light infestation in 

Woolwich Township. 

Can. plum A heavy infestation of this unidentified 

species of leaf miner 

occurred on three trees in the Sandy 

Hill Tract, Woolwich Township. 

INS, W, Single colonies observed in the 

cPo district.

B 38 


Insect Host(s) emar 

Pikonema dimmockii (Cress.) 





Pulicalvaria piceaella Kft. 


Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

Semiothisa dispuncta Gn. 

Sparganothis pettitana Rob, 

Sternochetus lapathi (Linn.) 

Taniva albolineana Kft. 


Zeiraphera fortunana Kft. 

Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana Ratz. 


wS 

wP 

bF 

Mo 

tA 

wS 

eC 

wS 

bF, wS 

Ba 

bPo 

wS 

bF 

wS 

wS 

jP 

Found in small numbers in beating 

samples. 

In association with a Hylobius sp. 

caused considerable branch mortality 

in young trees in SandyHill Tract, 

Woolwich Township. 

Light damage in Osprey Township. 

Light, medium and heavy infestation 

common on individual and small 

clumps of trees. 

Medium infestations in Hay and 

Sydenham townships, light in Morris 

Township. 

Low population levels observed at 

several locations in the district. 

Small numbers feeding in association 

with other cedar leaf miners. 

Light infestations in Grey County. 

Found commonly in beating samples 

in September. 

Light infestations in Glenelg 

Township. 

Special collections taken in 

Normanby and St. Edmund townships. 

Low population in the Creditville 

Tract, E. Oxford Township. 

20+ adults collected from beating 

sample in Glenelg Township. 

Low population in Euphrasia Township. 

Moderate and severe damage recurred 

in St. Edmunds Township. 

Light infestations common.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE LAKE ERIE DISTRICT 

Fall Cankerworm 

Orange-striped Oakworm 

Ugly-nest Caterpillar 

Larch Twig Borer 


Walnut Caterpillar 

Yellow-necked Caterpillar 

Snout Moth Larva 

Zimmerman Pine Moth 




Elm Leaf Beetle. 

Spiny Witch-hazel Gall Aphid 

Fall Webworm 


White Pine Weevil. 


Alsophila pometaria Harr. 

Anisota sanatoria A. & S. 



Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) 

Datana integerrima G. & R. 

Datana ministra (Drury) 

Dioryctria abietivorella Grote 

Dioryctria zimmermani Grt. 

Diprion frutetorum Lec. 


Diprion similis (Htg.) 

Galerucella luteola (Schrank) 

Hamamelistes spinosus Shimer 

Hyphantria cunea (Drury) 


Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

• • * 

Page 

39 

B 39 

B 39 

B 39 

B 

B 40 

B 41 

B 41 

B 41 

B 42 

B 42 

B 43 

B 43 

B 43 

B 44 

B 44 

B 45 

B 45 

J. R. Trinnell

B 39 


Fall Cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria Harr. 

Cankerworm infestations virtually subsided in the district in 1965. Heavy 

infestations in the Canfield-Canboro area in 1964 declined to very light intensity. 

All deciduous trees in Lincoln and Welland counties were in better condition this 

year than for the past several years. 

Orange-striped Oakworm, Anisota senatoria A. and S. 

Infestations of this insect increased in intensity at Pinery Provincial Park 

in Bosanquet Township. Defoliation was heavy on a small red oak at the Park entrance, 

moderate to heavy on six small trees along a nature trail, and moderate on individual 

red oak trees along roadsides in the Park. Along Highway 21 in this area occasional 

red oaks under 12-feet in height were severely defoliated. At several points as 

many as four trees on one side of one mile of roadside were completely stripped. 

Moderate defoliation recurred on the lower branches of two mature bur oaks near Glencoe, 

and on the lower branches of a mature, open-grown white oak near Smithville. 

Ugly-nest Caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus Fitch 

An upward trend in numbers of this pest occurred in the district in 1965. Heavy 

infestations occurred on choke cherry along a 100-foot section of highway near Port 

Maitland and at several other points in Haldimand and Welland counties. 

Moderate numbers of colonies were observed in Point Pelee National Park, Mersea 

Township and near the John E. Pearce Provincial Park in Dunwich Township. 

Larch Twig Borer, Argyresthia laricella Kft. 

Infestations declined in Caradoc Township and subsided in South Walsingham 

Township in 1965. Parasitism had been light to moderate at both points in 1964 

(Table 9). 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Larch Twig Borer Counts in Lake Erie District 


Percentage of one-year-old 

Location 

shoots1attacked 

(township) Host 1 6 

6 1 6 

Caradoc tL 0.6 1.4 0.6 

South Walsingham 

eL 3.6 2.8 nil

B 10 


Population levels of this insect increased in Caradoc and North Dorchester 

townships and the lower crowns of host trees were moderately defoliated at several 

locations. In Yarmouth Township infestations were heavy on the bottom branches of 

European larch trees. Numbers were low at other points (Table 10). 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in Lake Erie District 


Locationv. d.b.h. 

(township ) 

Host 

in inches 

Av. no. larvae per 

1,63 1964 1965 

Bosanquet tL 10 26.0 5.0 5.9 

Caradoc tL 6 0.9 7.5 

Charlotteville eL 7 1.0 1.0 

North 

Dorchester tL 7 4.0 5.5 8.2 

South 

Walsingham eL 6 0.5 0.4 0.2 

Yarmouth eL 9 3.0 0.7 1.5 

Walnut Caterpillar, Datana integerrima & R. 

Light to severe defoliation, occurred on solitary and mall groups of trees at 

numerous points in the district. Walnut was the favourite host, although shagbark 

hickory was also attacked. 

Heavy infestations that occurred in Essex Count y in 1964 declined generally to 

medium intensity in 1965. However, defoliation was very high at one sample point 

in this county (Table 11). High populations recurred in Kent County and in the 

Aylmer area eastward to the district boundary at Tillsonburg. A marked decline 

occurred in Point Pelee National Park where only a few small trees were moderately 

defoliated. 

Defoliation was light to moderate on eight 50-year-old walnut trees near 

Merlin in Romney Township. The trees, 15- to 20-feet in height, have been stunted 

by repeated walnut caterpillar defoliation and branch mortality was high at this 

location as well as in Adelaide and Dunwich townships. 

Walnut caterpillars feed in dense colonies and moult at the base of limbs or 

on the bole of host trees. Normally large masses of cast skins and webs adhere to 

the tree for a year or more. Unusual masses of moulting larvae were observed at 

Nanticoke and Pelham Centre in 1965. These masses of larvae, about three inches 

in diameter and four inches in length, were suspended from branches on silken webs.

B 41 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Walnut Caterpillar Defoliation Estimates 

in Lake Erie District from 1963 to 1965 

Notes Counts were based on estimates of defoliation of ten black walnut trees 

at each location. 

Location 

(township ) 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

v. height 

in feet 

Approx. per cent defoliation 

1963 1964 1965 

Dunwich 6 22 10 10 15 

Enniskillen 15 45 1 5 15 

McGillivray 8 12 - 55 80 

Mosa 11 20 10 10 55 

South Cayuga 3 15 10 0 3 

Tilbury North 12 28 15 15 90 

Wainfleet 9 20 20 1 20 

Windham 9 22 0 3 10 

Yellow-necked Caterpillar, Datana ministra (Drury) 

Population levels of this insect increased in the district as a whole in 1965. 

However, medium infestations in Bosanquet and Maidstone townships declined to light 

intensity in 1965. Medium infestations occurred on several white elm trees in 

Gosfield South Township, on one 22-foot white elm in Howard Township and on a white 

elm tree along the MacDonald-Cartier Freeway near the city of London. Defoliation 

was light to moderate on scattered hawthorn shrubs along Highway 21 in Dawn Township. 

Parasitism was high in a large colony observed near Hagersville. 

Snout Moth Larva, Dioryctria abietivorella Grote 

This pest of pines occurred in high numbers in a white pine plantation near 

St. Thomas. Low numbers recurred in Scots and white pine plantings in Pinafore Park, 

St. Thomas and in a red pine hedgerow near Simcoe. 

The increase in populations of this inect near St. Thomas appeared to be 

associated with infections by white pine blister rust and the use of fungicides to 

control this disease. Sprays used against blister rust killed the bark around the 

cankered parts of the trees and provided a suitable environment for oviposition by 

snout moths. 

In the Wright Tract, McGillivray Township one 7-foot white pine which was offcolour 

yellow in the autumn of 1964 was cut down and examined in early August of 

1965. Dissection revealed that the tree was heavily infested by snout moth larvae. 

Sixty-six larvae were found in the stem near ground level and 45 in the adjacent 

branches. 

Zimmerman Pine Moth, Dioryctria zimmermani Grt. 

The Zimmerman pine moth remains a serious pest in Scots pine plantations in the 

Newbury-Bothwell area. The heavy infestations of 1964 in Euphemia Township decreased 

to medium intensity in 1965. However, some of the plantings in this area have been

B 42 

so severely damaged over a period of years that their merchantability as Christmas 

trees has been seriously reduced or nullified. The decline in 1965 populations may 

have been due, in part to heavy precipitation during the month of August , 1964 when 

the adult were in flight. Inclement weather is known to have an adverse affect on 

oviposition. Field surveys at Newbury on June 3 revealed low numbers of early-stage 

zimmermani larvae associated with large numbers of small, yellow larvae identified 

by the laboratory as "Olethreutidae , probably Laspeyresia species." Further in 

vestigations¬ 1966 

to determine the will identity be made of here the inolethreutids 

e 15-foot Scots pine in Pinafore Park, St. Thomas, was re-infested in 1965. 

Four larvae were .1 g ! from the bark and wood , one larva being 9-1/2-feet from ground 

level. The :stem of one Scots pine tree at DeCou House, Thorold Township was attacked 

at ii ound level where it had been bruised the previous summer by a lawn mower. 

Light infestations were recorded in Grantham , McGillivray, Pelham and Willoughby 

townships. 

Nursery Pine Sawfly, Diprion frutetorum Leo. 

Medium infestations in Enniskillen, Stamford and Wainfleet townships declined 

to light intensity in 1965. Numbers were low at all sample points in the district 

(Table 12). 

TABLE 12 


in Lake Erie District in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Total no. of insects 

1 1 6 

Enniskillen scP 4 72 26 

McGillivray scP 2 1 1 

Oneida scP 2 1 3 

Stanford JP 3 1 5 

Stamford scP 4 110 58 

Willoughby scP 2 12 5 

European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion (Htg.) 

Light infestations at Compartment X-8 of the St. Williams Forest Nursery, South 

Walsingham Township increased to medium intensity in 1965. Numbers were low at all 

other sampling points in the district (Table 13).

jP 

B 43 

TABLE 13 



Location 

townshi 

Host 

Av, d.b.h. 

in inches 



l 6, l'6 

Adelaide wS 4 7 3 

Gainsborough nS 12 1 4 

North Cayuga wS 4 18 5 

South Walsingham wS U 12 103 

Woodhouse nS 8 6 19 


Infestations of this insect increased from light in 1964 to medium intensity in 

1965 on jack pine in Stamford Township. Defoliation of 15 to 30 needles at the base 

of the current years' growth occurred commonly and feeding in the form of small pits 

was observed frequently on the current year 's growth. Numbers remained low on Scots 

pine in this area (Table 14). 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Introduced Pine Sawfly Larval Counts in 

Lake Erie District in 1964 and 1965 


Location Av, d.b.h. per 15-tray sample 

(township) Host in inches 1964 1965 

Stamford 

3 104 250+ 

Stamford scP 4 8 126 

Elm Leaf Beetle, Galerucella luteola (Schrank,) 

Medium to heavy infestations of this introduced insect recurred on numerous white 

elm shade trees in the City of St. Catharines. Medium infestations persisted on 40 

English elm trees at Port Stanley, and on several white elm ornamentals at the St. 

Thomas court house. 

Spiny Witch-hazel Gall Aphid, Hamamelistes s inosus Shinier 

A medium-to-heavy infestation of this insect occurred on several witch-hazel 

shrubs in the southern part of the village of Grand Bend in Bosanquet Township. 

Population levels were medium at Rock Glen Conservation Area near Arkona, and light 

in Bayham, Bosanquet, Charlotteville, Woodhouse and South Walsingham townships. 

The medium infestations that occurred on two witch-hazel shrubs at Spooky Hollow, 

Charlotteville Township, and on one shrub at the Rockway Gorge, Louth Township in 

1964 subsided in 1965.

B 44 

This insect causes spiny galls on the flower buds of witch-hazel. It was not 

found in the alternate stage on the secondary host, white birch. 

On August 7 amass collection of 250 witch-hazel galls was submitted to the 

laboratory for trans-shipment to England, for use in connection with biochemical 

studies. 


A general upward trend in infestations of this insect occurred throughout the 

district. Medium infestations occurred from Wallaceburg to Ojibway in Essex County, 

and low numbers were observed en many deciduous hosts at numerous other points in 

the district. 

Heavy infestations persisted on Pelee Island where eastern choke cherry was 

the favourite host. A mass collection of late-stage larvae was made on the island 

for shipment to the Soviet Union for parasite studies. 


Heavy infestations recurred along Highway 21 from Grand Bend to The Cut, and 

along roads in Pinery Provincial Park, Bosanquet Township (Table 15). The old tents 

on cherry shrubbery in this area were very unsightly in July and August. 

Medium infestations of this insect occurred in the Newbury-Bothwell area, and 

on scattered clumps of trees in Bertie, Cayuga North and Dunn townships. Light 

infestations were observed at numerous points elsewhere in the district. 

TABLE 15 



Location 

(township) 

Sample unit 

NO. of colonies per sample uni 

194 196, 

Bosanquet 1 mile of roadside 400+ 400+ 

McGillivray 1 square chain plot 1 1 

Moulton 1 mile of roadside 2 1 

South Walsingham 1 mile of roadside 1 1 

West Missouri 1 square chain plot 5 4 

Woodhouse 1 mile of roadside 1 2 

Yarmouth 1 square chain plot 2 1 

Zone 1 mile of roadside 5 3

B 45 

White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

A marked decline in numbers of this pest occurred in the Turkey Point Forest 

Nursery in 1965 where control measures were carried out in midsummer, 1964. 

Control consisted of hand-clipping and burning infested leaders. Only one infested 

shoot was found in this 5-acre compartment in 1965. Low populations were recorded 

at sampling points in the district (Table 16). 

Location 

(township) 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Damage by the White Pine Weevil in Lake Erie 

District in 1964 and 1965 

AV. d.b.h. 

in inches 

er cent 

1964 

of white pine trees 

infested 


Charlotteville 2 9 1 

South Walsingham 1 1 2 

Thorold 2 3 3 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Lake 

Erie District in 1965 


Acronicta interrupta Gn. wE, Ch 

Acronicta lepusculina Gn. Co, W 

Adalia bipunctata Linn. 

Agonopteryx costimacula Clke. 


Anisota rubicunda Fabr. 

Anomoea laticlavia Frost 

Antheraea polyphemus Cram. 

Haw 

Hoptre 

ape 

wE 

siM 

b1 Lo, 

trefoil 

b0, w0, 

sM 

Moderate on a domestic cherry tree 

near Florence, Dawn Twp., in 

association with A, interrupta 

elizabetha; light on elms south of 

Thamesville. 

Heavy on 2-foot tree in St. Williams 

Nursery; moderate on willows on Pelee 

Island; light on Walpole Island. 

Common at Navy Hall Museum, 

Niagara-on-the-Lake. 

Moderate at south tip of Pelee 

Island. Defoliation heavy at city 

park in city of Niagara Falls. 

Heavy on one tree, DeCou House; light 

at McKay Forest. 

Heavy on one tree in Harwich Twp.; 

light on tree in South Cayuga Twp. 

Adult feeding moderate at Turkey 

Point Nursery. 

Six larvae from Dawn Twp. sent to 

Dr. Vaughan; light elsewhere.

B 46 



Antispila nyssaefoliella Clem. 


black 

gum 

sc 

Argyresthia aureoargentella 

eC 

Brower 

Argyresthia sp. eC 

Argyresthia thuiella Pack 

Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kft. wP 

Atomacera debilis Say 

Atteva aurea Fitch 

Automeris io Fabr. 

eC 

trefoil 

tree-ofheaven 

Cecidomyia sp. 

bladdernut, 

Wi, 

Hazelnut 

Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. nS, wS 

Choristoneura pinus Freem. scP 

Chrysoclista linneella, Clerck Bur. 

linden 

Chrysomela sp. (prob. scripta) Co 

Datana contracta W1k. w0 

Datana drexeli Hy. Edw. 

Datana perspicua G. & R. 

Diapheromera femorata Say 

Bu 

Haw 

Su 

Ba, r0 

Diplolepsis rosae (Linn. wild 

rose 

Epinotia aceriella Clem. sM 

Heavy mining recurred at Byng 

Conservation Area; premature leaf 

drop. 

Very common near Turkey Point Golf 

Club. 

Light to medium on shaded trees in 

Caradoc Twp. 

Very heavy on a few trees in Yarmouth 

Twp. gravel pit; damage conspicuous. 

Light to medium near Strathoy, Caradoc 

Twp., in association with 

aureoargentella. 

Remain medium to heavy at Bethel 

Park in Aldborough Twp. Often 4 or 

5 tubes on tips of current growth 

are quite noticeable. 

Infestations remain at Backus Tract, 

Point Pelee and other points. 

Heavy infestations at Scudder, 

Pelee Island in 1964 declined to 

light intensity in 1965 as most 

shrubs had been cut down. 

Six larvae from Fingal sent Dr. 

Smith. 

Fruits of bladdernut heavily infested 

at Pinery Park; moderate recurrence 

in hazelnut fruits at Spooky Hollow. 

Light in Canborough and Woodhouse 

twps. 

Light in Euphemia Twp. 

Further studies on life history at 

St. Catharines. 

Medium at River Cana d, Anderdon Twp. 

and Erieau, Harwich Twp.; larvae 

also fed on petioles. 

Medium on lower crown of tree in 

Pinery Provincial Park. 

Light near Hagersviile. 

Moderate on shrub in Thorold Twp.; 

recurred near Port Rowan but 

declined to light intensity; light 

near Thamesville. 

Light at Turkey Point Nursery and 

Point Pelee nature trail; one adult 

at latter point parasitized. 

Moderate on plant on the Backus 

Mill nature trail. 

Heavy on lower branches of two trees 

at John E. Pearce Provincial Park.

B 147 


Insect Host s Remarks 

Epinotia sp. (prob. walkerana) 


Euphorbia inda Linn. 

Exoteleia dodecella Linn, 

Exoteleia pinifoliella Chain. 

Fenusa 1ffii Sund. 

Gossyparia spuria (Modeer) 


Halisidota caryae Harr. 

Hippodamia convergens Guer. 

Holcocera immaculella McD. 

Hormaphis hamamelidis (Fitch) 

Hydria prunivorata Ferg. 

Ichthyura inclusa Hbn.. 

Lithocolletis hamameliella Busck. 

Lithocolletis ostensackenella 

Fitch 


Chamb. 

Macrophya punctumalbum L. 

Nematus ventralis Say 

Neurotoma fasciata (Nort.) 

Hazelnut 

wE 

cE 

scP 

wE 

rE, wE 

hornbeam 

Ba, Bu, 

Wi 

cE, Co 

rP, Su 

Wi 

pCh 

tA, Co 

Wi 

bl Lo 

tA 

Privet 

tA 

blCh, 

pCh 

Heavy at Vanessa Conservation Area; 

moderate numbers recurred at Spooky 

Hollow. 

Further marked decline; only at two 

points. 

Numerous on ornamentals near Rondeau 

Park. 

Light on plantings in Bayham and 

Romney twps. 

Remain light to moderate on several 

treesat Allanburg, Thorold Twp. 

Mining heavy on ornamentals near 

Rodman Hall, St. Catharines; light 

at St, Thomas °curt house. 

Heavy on tree at DeCou House, 

Grantham Twp.; light at McKay 

Forest. 

Rock Glen Conservation Area. 

Large colony and parasitized eggs 

at Backus Tract; light at Rock Glen 

Park, Fingal and other points. 

Heavy on Chinese elm shade trees 

near Rondeau Park; light at Erieau. 

Heavy in fruits of sumac near Port 

Burwell; light elsewhere. 

Moderate at Rock Glen Conservation 

Area. 

Heavy on tree at Reynolds Tract in 

Howard Twp.; on tree in Pelham Twp. 

Moderate at South Woodslee, Rochester 

Twp. and on Walpole Island; light at 

the Reynolds Tract in Howard Twp. 

Light at Spooky Hollow, Port Burwell, 

County plantation 21 in Norfolk 

County, aid other points. 

Heavy near Compartment 1-6 in St. 

Williams Nursery, 

Light at Reynolds Tract and the 

Backus Mill nature trail. 

Further studies on life history at 

St. Catharines. 

Medium on two trees at Spooky Hollow. 

Heavy on pin cherry at Turkey Point 

Nursery; light on 5 branches of 

mature tree at Pinafore Park; light 

at other points; numbers increased 

over three previous years.

sP.) 

B48 


r=loaatorwan.lasasowsp 

Insect 0 

Wil2.11.10.11113.9.1%.1.621C. 

Hos 

Remarks 

..eapgji■maga.,. /1.1.1.21.TIMICMO 

Nymphalis antiopa Linn, 

Olethreutidae (prob. Laspeyresia 

Orgyia leucostigma J. E. Smith 

Paleacrita vernata Peck 

Pantographa limata G. & R. 

Hacks 

wE„ W 

soP 

S, M9 

Sy 

Papilio cresphontes Cram. hoptree 

Pemphigus populi-transversus Riley Co 

Petrova albicapitana Busck. 



Plagiodera versicolora Laich. 

Polygonia interrogationis Fabr. wE, 

Hack 

Ba 

jP 

wS 

wP 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) sMo 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) wB 

Proteoteras aesculana Riley siM,' moM 

Pulicalvaria piceaella Kft. nS 

Schizura concinna A. & Se 

via 

Scolytus multistriatus Marsh. wEs 

w 

Moderate on 25-foot white elm near 

Aylmer; light at several points; 

two extension calls; numbers higher 

than three previous summers. 

Common in lower stems of Christmas 

trees in Newbury area in early June. 

Caused severe defoliation of small 

numbers of trees in Gosfield North, 

Mersea and Ekfrid townships. Light 

damage at several other locations. 

Only one larva; considerable decline 

over 1964 populations. 

Larval populations caused light to 

severe defoliation in clumps of 

host trees at several locations in 

the district. 

Seven larvae on shrub near Rondeau 

Park; light at Point Pelee National 

Park and on Pelee Island. 

Moderate on a few trees on east 

side of Pelee Island, 

Over 100 nodules on one tree near 

the canal in Niagara Falls. 

Remained light in small park in 

North Cayuga Twp.; rare in Norfolk 

County. 

Heavy on a few trees at Bethel Park, 

Aldborough Twp. 

Heavy defoliation on shrub in Crow 

land Twee. 

Moderate on solitary trees in Seneca 

Twp„ Holiday Beach Provincial Parks, 

and on Pelee Island; light elsewhere. 

Population increase over other years. 

Medium on two trees at McKay Forest; 

light at Niagara Falls. 

Light at Byron Bog. 

Tip borers medium to heavy at 

Frechette Section , St. Williams Nursery 

in mid-June; fruits of mountain 

maple at Spooky Hollow infested in 

early September. 

Moderate at Wainfleet Twp. park. 

One colony in Effingham Valley. 

Remain high throughout the district; 

adults numerous in early June. 

Many Chinese elm ornamentals near 

Rondeau Park were attacked.

B 49 


Insect ) Remarks 

Sibine stimulea Clemens Ba, Hack New provincial record; solitary 

larvae at Point Pelee nature trail. 

Spilochalcis melana Burks. trefoil First Canadian record of this 

parasite. Chalcids reared from 

material submitted in 1963. 

Systena marginalis (Illiger) bur 0 Heavy skeletonizing by beetles near 

Hillman, Mersea Twp. A new record 

in Ontario. 

Tremex columba (Linn.) wE Large numbers of adults on trees at 

South Thorold died when trapped by 

ovipositors. 

Trichiocampus viminalis (Fall.) Go, 1Po Moderate to severe defoliation in 

Bosanquet, South Dorchester, Thorold 

and Walpole twps. 

Vespamia pini Kell. scP Light on all shade trees at Rodman 

Hall in St. Catharines; light at 

other points.

SOUTH—CENTRAL FOREST REGION 


INTRODUCTION 



Cerastocystis ulmi (Buism) 

C. Moreau 

Needle Rust 

Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. C 1 


Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fischer C 1 

Frost Damage 

1 0 2 

Summary of Miscellaneous Diseases Collected C 2 

Page 


INTRODUCTION 

South-central Forest Region 

Changes in the format and in printing methods have resulted in a more compact 

report without reducing the amount of data provided. As in recent years tree 

disease surveys are dealt with regionally and insect conditions are reported on a 

district basis. Insects and diseases currently causing minor damage are listed 

alphabetically in tabular form. 

The Dutch elm disease continued to spread throughout the southern part of the 

North Bay District and an increase in the intensity of infection occurred in the 

Parry Sound District. White pine blister rust and Hypoxylon canker of poplar 

continued to cause appreciable mortality in the region. Damage by the needle cast 

Lophodermerium pinastri (Schad. ex Fr.) was widespread on red pine trees throughout 

the Parry Sound District. Late spring frosts caused conspicuous damage to white 

spruce and balsam-fir trees at numerous locations. Windbreaks and roadside trees 

were damaged by salt spray at several points in the Parry, Sound District. 

The most notable change in forest insect conditions in 1965 was the increase 

in area of infestation of the forest tent caterpillar. A total of 1500 square 

miles of severe defoliation occurred in the Muskoka Lakes and Lake Nipissing 

infestations. High populations of the poplar leaf roller Pseudexentera oregonana 

Wlshm, within the infested areas made aerial mapping difficult. Population levels 

of the red-headed pine sawfly increased in 1965 and pine plantations were severely 

defoliated at many points in the Parry Sound District. 

A total of 685 insect and disease samples were submitted and 111 service and 

extension calls were answered during the field season. Short courses of instruction 

on forest insects and tree diseases were given to junior forest rangers at 11 

Department of Lands and Forests camps in the region. 

L. S. MacLeod

C1 


Dutch Elm Disease, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism) C. Moreau 

Increases in the incidence of this disease occurred throughout Division 93 in 

the southern part of the Parry Sound District. Extensive mortality was observed in 

recently infected areas north of Burk Falls, particularly in the townships of Wilson, 

Armour, Strong, Paterson, Chapman, Ryerson, and South Himsworth. 

In the North Bay District, increases in the number of infected trees were 

observed in Papineau, Mattawa and Widdifield townships. Samples of the disease 

were collected at North Bay and Sturgeon Falls and near the towns of Field, Noelville, 

Warren, and Hagar in 1965. 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Incidecne of Dutch Elm Disease and Tree Mortality 

at Five Points in the South-central Region in 1965 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 trees at each point. 

Location Av. d.b.h. Per cent infected Per cent infected 

(township) in inches trees (living) trees (dead) 

Humphrey 15 22 23 

Papineau 16 3 5 

Mattawan 14 1 3 

Widdifield 15 3 

Hartland 15 2 1 

Needle Rust, Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. 

Heavy infection of red pine foliage by this disease occurred in a red pine 

plantation on the north shore of Fletcher Lake, McLintock Township, Parry Sound 

District, and in jack pine plantations in French and Widdifield townships in the 

North Bay District. Red pine trees in reforested areas in Firstbrook Township, 

in the North Bay District, were lightly infected and the rust was observed at 

numerous other locations in the region. 


This disease was found in varying degrees of intensity in all white pine stands 

in the region. Pockets of heavy infection occurred along the south shore of the 

Pickerel River and in Boulter Township in the Parry Sound District. Branch and 

stem mortality caused by the rust occurred commonly around the West Arm of Lake 

Nipissing and at numerous other locations in the North Bay District. The incidence 

of infection at four plots averaged approximately 33 per cent (Table 2).

C2 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Incidence of White Pine Blister Rust and Tree Mortality 

at Four Points in the South-central Region in 1965 

Location township 

Boulter 

Strathy 

Papineau 

McLaren 

Total no. trees 

examined 

18 

22 

24 14 

No. rusted 

livi • 

6 

5 

8 

2 

No. rusted 

dead 

1 

2 

2 

0 

Totals: 

Incidence % 

78 21 

25.6 

5 

6.4 

Frost Damage 

Severe frosts in late May and early June caused extensive injury to conifers in 

low-lying areas at many locations in the region. Over 50 per cent of the new foliage 

of white spruce trees was damaged in a plantation in Ryerson Township, Parry Sound 

District. Varying degrees of injury to deciduous trees, particularly black ash, was 

observed at several points in the region. 

TABLE 3 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the South-central Region,1965 

. . . . . . • .' • 

Organism Hostfl Remarks 

Apioporthe apiospora 

(Ell & Ev.) Wehn. 

Chrysomyxa ledicola Lagerh. 

wE 

bS 

Light infection at one location 

in Wood Twp., , Parry Sound District 

Varying degrees of infection in 

many stands throughout the North 

Bay District 

Ciborinia whetzelii (Sea v .) Seav . tA Pockets of heavy infection at 

numerous locations, particularly 

in the central part of the North 

Bay District 

Cronartium comptoniae Arth. jP Widely distributed throughout the 

North Bay District, 14 per cent 

infected in Hugel Twp., three per 

cent infected in Bucke Twp. 

Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. tA, W Found commonly on these hosts 

throughout the region 

Cytospora friesii Sacc. bF Infected trees with dead tops 

scattered through the central part 

of the North Bay District 

Cytospora sp. Mo, Al, W, Common throughout the region 

cCh, rM, sM

C3 


Organism Host (s) Remarks 

Dermea balsamea (Pk.) Seay. 

Diaporthe fagi Wehm. 

Diplodia sp. 

Fusarium sp. 

bF This organism found in samples of 

small dead trees in Gladman Twp., 

North Bay District. 

Be 

Light infection on occasional 

trees in Wood Twp., Parry Sound 

District. 

Light infection near Walkers 

Point, Parry Sound District. 

tA Common on this host in Gladman 

and Olive twps., North Bay 

District. 

Gloeosporium sp. tA Foliage on single branches of 

several trees blighted at one 

point in McLaren Twp., North Bay 

District. 

Hyodermella ampla (J. J. Davis) jP Common in the North Bay District, 

Dearn particularly in Merrick, Haddo, 

Loudon, and Mattawan twps. 

Hypoxylon pruinatum (Klotsche) tA, 1A Common on these hosts throughout 

Cke. the region. 

Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad. rP Severe infection of red pine 

ex Fr.) Chev. needles at numerous locations 

in the Parry Sound District. 

Marssonina populi (Lib.) Sacc. tA Light infection on occasional 

trees at one location, Parry 

Sound District. 

Melampsora abietis canadensis eH Cone crop lightly infected in 

Ludw. ex Arth. Medora Twp., Parry Sound 

District. 

Melampsora medusae Thum. tL Light fruiting in large tamarack 

stands at two locations in the 


Melampsora sp. tA Light infection at one location 

in Perry Twp., Parry Sound 

District. 

Melanconis everhartii Ell. rM Heavy infection on several trees 

near the village of Spence in the 

Parry Sound District. 

Melanconis thelebola (Fr.) Sacc. Al Light infection on occasional 

trees in Cardwell Twp., Parry 


Melanconium sp. wB Twig mortality common at two 

locations in the Parry Sound 

Districts and at one location in 

the North Bay District. 

Nectria cinnarbarina (Tode Chinese Moderate mortality in hedge near 

ex Fr.) Fr. elm, Ba Dorset, Parry Sound District.

Or ani sm 


Phomopsis sp. 


Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) 

Bald. & Cif. 

Pollaccia saliciperda 

(All. & Tub.) Arx 

Polyporous tulipiferae (Schw.) 

Overh. 

Puccinia dioicae P. Magn. 

Rhytisma salicinum Pers. ex 

Fr. 

Leaf Scorch 

Sphaeronema acerinum Pk. 

Steganosporium pyriforme 

(Hoffm. ex Fr.) Cda. 

Valsa sp. 

04 


Host 

jP 

yB 

bPo 

tA 

W 

Apple 

Aster 

w 

sM, rM 

rM 

sM, rM 

wAs, cCh 

Remarks 

Galls common at many points in 

five townships, North Bay District. 

Moderate to heavy infection of 

reproduction in Antoine and Butler 

townships, North Bay District. 

Common on small to large trees at 

one location in the Parry Sound 

District and at several locations 

in the North Bay District. 

Common throughout the region. 

Symptoms common at many locations 

along shoreline of Lake Temagami, 


Heavy fruiting on two dead trees 

near Dorset, Parry Sound District. 

Heavy infection at several 

locations throughout the North 

Bay District. 

Widely distributed throughout 


Observed at two locations in the 


Heavy infection on scattered trees 

at one location in the Parry 


Common throughout the Parry Sound 

District and at two locations in 


Common on these hosts at two 

locations in the Parry Sound 

District.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE NORTH BAY DISTRICT 

Birch Skeletonizer 


Cone Beetles 






Red-pine Sawfly 

Swaine Jack-pine Sawfly 

White Pine Weevil 

Balsam-shoot Boring Sawfly 

Larch Sawfly 

Birch Leaf Miners 

Poplar Leaf Roller 

Bark Beetles 


Page 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. C 5 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. C5 

Conophthorus coniperda (Schz.) C5 

and C. resinosae Hopk. 


C5 

Malacosoma americanum (F.) C6 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. 

C6 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. C8 

Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) C 8 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. C8 

Neodiprion swainei (Midd.) C 9 


C9 

Pleroneura borealis Felt C 10 

Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) C 10 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) C 10 


Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. C 10 

C 11 

C 11

0 5 


Birch Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chain. 

Population levels of the birch skeletonizer declined for the third consecutive 

year. Pockets of light defoliation occurred through the northeastern part of the 

district but birch stands in other areas were relatively free of infestation in 1965. 

Larch Casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hbn, 

Slight decreases in population levels of this insect were recorded at most 

permanent sample stations in 1965 (Table 4). Few larvae were found in Pedley and 

Beaucage townships where light infestations occurred in 1963 and 1964. 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts Made At Seven Points 

in the North Bay District from 1963 to 1965 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of four 18 "-branch tips from each of 

four trees at each point. 

Location 

township. 

Av. d.b..h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Av. no. Av. no. of larvae per tip 

196 196 196 

Strathcona 5 3.0 5.4 3.1 

Olive 4 1.5 3.4 2.9 

Widdifield 2.2 3.8 

Bonfield 5 2,4 4.2 0.9 

Mattawan 5 1.9 0.3 0.1 

Bastedo 

5 1.4 2.2 0.0 

Gillies Limit 4 1.5 8.1 5.5 

Jackpine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus Free 

An appreciable increase in the numbers of this budworm occurred in 1965. 

Pockets of light infestation were observed in jack pine stands in Dana, Badgerow 

and MacBeth townships and larvae were found commonly in beating samples in Loudon, 

MacPherson, Bonfield, Haddo and Kirkpatrick townships. (see photograph) 

Cone Beetles, Conophthorus coniperda (Schz,) and 


A heavy infestation of these beetles recurred along the Northeast Arm of Lake 

Temagami in Strathcona Township. As in 1964 white pine trees were attacked by 

Conophthorus coniperda and red pine by Conophthorus resinosae. Mature and overmature 

trees were most heavily infested, with less damage occurring on understory 

trees in the area. Both twigs and cones are destroyed by these insects. 


Quantitative sampling at permanent sampling stations showed an appreciable

township 

9 

1 

c6 

increase in population levels of this sawfly compared with 1964 (Table 5). A total 

of twelve locations was sampled in 1965 and sawflies were found at all points. In 

Joan and Olive townships small numbers of the insect were found on black spruce 

trees. 

TABLE 5 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts from White Spruce Trees 

at Six Points in the North Bay District from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

township 

Av. d.b.h. o 

sample trees 

in inches 

Total no. of larvae per 


1963 1964 1965 

Springer 6 17 7 84 

Ratter 4 18 61 128 

MacPherson 6 22 46 144 

Widdifield 9 20 14 53 

French 6 20 21 76 

Papineau 9 14 9 77 


High population levels of the eastern tent caterpillar occurred throughout the 

southern part of the district in 1965 (Table 6). Roadside clumps of cherry, fruit 

and ornamental trees were heavily defoliated in the North Bay-Lavigne-Sturgeon Falls- 

Warren area. One colony was found at Marten River in Sisk Township, the most 

northerly recovery point in the district to date. (see photograph) 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts per mile of Roadside 

at Five Points in the North Bay District from 1963 to 1965 

a ion 

Total no. of tents per mile of roadside 

63 16: i' 6 

East Ferris 22 10 15 

Widdifield 18 16 24 

Dunnet 10 10 15 

MacPherson 15 22 58 

Springer 10 4 16 


The forest tent caterpillar infestation in the wouthwestern part of the 

district increased in extent and intensity in 1965. In the West Arm-Lake Nipissing 

area moderate to severe defoliation occurred through most of the townships of Dunnet, 

Casimir Haddo, Martland, Falconer, Loudon, Latchford, Bertram, MacPherson, Caldwell 

and Springer (Map 1). Poplar stands were moderately defoliated in the southern part 

of Hugel and Badgerow townships and light defoliation occurred in the wouthwestern 

part of Field Township. A relatively small area of moderate to heavy infestation

C7 

occurred in the city of North Bay and in adjacent urban areas in Widdifield and West 

Ferris townships.(see photograph) 

Cocoon dissections were made at four locations to determine the degree of 

parasitism and disease within the infestation. Normally, the degree of parasitism 

tends to increase in relation to the duration of the infestation. However, for 

unknown reasons, records in 1964 and 1965 show the opposite trend (Table 7). 

TABLE 7 

ummary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Cocoon Dissections at Four Points 

in the North Bay District in 1964 and 1965 

Note: Based on the examination of 100 cocoons at each point. 

Per cent Per cent Per cent 

Per cent cocoons cocoons unsuccess. Per cent 

Location emergence parasitized diseased emergence predation 

township l6 16. 1964 196 l6 1 6 l964 l6 1964 l965 

Martland 24 49 76 41 0 9 0 1 0 0 

Caldwell 20 57 69 41 7 2 3 0 1 0 

Kirkpatrick 41 47 55 41 0 9 3 2 1 1 

MacPherson 71 65 27 28 0 7 2 0 0 0 

Defoliation forecasts for 1966 are based on egg band surveys made inside and on 

the fringe of 1965 infestations (Table 8). The reliability of these forecasts may 

be influenced by temperature extremes which in some instances affect egg development 

or cause mortality of immature larvae. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Band Counts and Defoliation 

Forecasts for 1966 in the North Bay District 

Location Av. no. of egg bands per Defoliation forecast 

township tree, 4-6 in. d.b.h. for 1966 

Badgerow 42 

Severe 

Loudon 96 " 

East Ferris 17 

n 

Bastedo 2 

Light 

Widdifield 2 

Crerar 1 " 

Beaucage '6 

Severe 

Bonfield 1 

Light 

Dana 0 

••• 

Phelps 0


Location 

townshi. 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

C8 

In 1963 and 1964 light infestations of this sawfly occurred in jack pine stands 

along the upper part of the Sturgeon River watershed. Pockets of reproduction in 

cut over tracts were heavily defoliated at many points in Sheppard, Clary and Afton 

townships. In 1965 an abrupt decline in population levels of the sawfly occurred 

and few colonies were found in the area. Scattered colonies were observed in Dana, 

Kirkpatrick, Loudon and Haddo townships and along shorelines and on islands in Rabbit, 

Banks, Diamond, Nipissing, Obabika and Temagami lakes (Table 9). 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Black-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts 

at Five Points in the North Bay District from 1963 to 1965 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of 10 jack pine trees at each point. 

No. of trees 


infested 


16 16 1965 16 196 16 

Sheppard 2 10 10 1 4 4 1 

Afton 2 5 10 1 3 3 1 

Joan 3 - 4 0 2 0 

Cynthia 2 10 10 0 3 3 0 

Briggs 2 3 5 0 2 1 0 


Mixed pine plantations in Springer, Phelps and Widdifield townships were lightly 

infested with this sawfly in 1965 (Table 10). Scattered colonies were observed in 

red pine plantings in the McLaren Management Unit and on islands in Lake Temagami. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts at Three Points 

in the North Bay District in 1965 

Note Counts were based on the examination of 200 trees at each point. 

Av, height of 

Av. no. colonies 

Location sample trees Per cent of trees per infested 

township in feet infested tree 

Phelps 6 12 3 

Widdifield 7 15 2 

Springer 12 5 1 

Red-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

A pronounced decline in population levels of this sawfly occurred in 1965 (Table 

11). Scattered colonies were observed in red and jack pine stands through

NORTH BAY DISTRICT 

MILES 

0 20 




Legend 

Moderate to severe defoliation.....

C9 

townships Haddo, Caldwell, Crerar, Gibbons, and Ratter and along the Sturgeon River 

north of River Valley where pockets of light infestation were present in 1964. Few 

sawflies were found on Lake Temagami where colonies were common on islands and 

shoreline stands in 1963 and 1964. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Red-pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts at Five Points 

in the North Bay District 1964 and 1965 


Location 

township 

Tree species 

No. of trees 

infested 


Av. no. colonies per 

infested tree 

1 6 1965 

Cynthia rP 10 1 2 Ratter rP 5 1 2 McNish 

jP 6 2 3 1 

Joan rP 6 2 0 0 

Afton jP 10 2 0 0 

Swaine Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodi rion swainei (Midd.) 

Light infestations of this sawfly recurred on small islands in Banks and Rabbit 

lakes. Repeated defoliation has caused extensive mortality to jack-pine trees on 

two islands in Rabbit Lake. Light mortality occurred on one island in Lake Temagami 

where trees have been heavily infested for several years. Scattered colonies were 

observed along the West Arm of Lake Nipissing and on islands in Lake Temagami in 

Cynthia, Joan, Briggs and Strathcona townships. 


High population levels of the white pine weevil persisted in pine stands 

throughout the district. Extensive leader damage to white pine reproduction occurred 

in cut-over tracts in the upper Sturgeon River area and in plantations at many 

locations through the district (Table 12). 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White Pine Weevil at Four Points 

in the North Bay District in 1965 


Location Tree Av. height Per cent of trees Cumulative per cent of trees 

townshi s ecies in feet weevilled in l' 6 weevilled all -ars 

French jP 13 6 25 

Widdifield wP 12 18 40 

Gibbons scP 15 8 38 

Afton wP 16 12 48

C 10 

Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly, Pleroneura borealis Felt 

Low population levels of this shoot-boring sawfly occurred in balsam-fir stands 

throughout the district (Table 13). These levels conformed with the biennial 

occurrence of the insect and higher populations may be expected in 1966. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly Larval Counts at Six Points 

in the North Bay District from 1962 to 1965 

Note Counts were based on the examination of twenty 18"-branch tips, four from 

each, of five trees at each point. 

Location 

Av, d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

Per cent of new shoots infested 

township. in inches 1962 1963 __ 1964 1965 

East Ferris 4 17 2 25 2 

Calvin 4 13 3 15 6 

French 

5 25 0 13 1 

Hugel 6 12 0 14 4 

Sisk 4 27 2 16 1 

Gillies Limit 5 5 1 12 3 


Since 1961 populations of the larch sawfly have remained at a low level throughout 

the district. In 1965 small larch stands were lightly defoliated at several 

locations in Loudon and Haddo townships. Scattered colonies were found in most 

larch stands examined in the southern and central parts of the district but rarely 

in the northern part, 

Birch Leaf Miners, Prof enusa thomsoni (Konow) 


From 1962 to 1964 population levels of these lea f miners remained low, due 

probably to competition for food resulting from severe infestations of the birch 

skeletonizer during that period. With the decline of birch skeletonizer infestations 

in 1964 and 1965 population levels of the miners increased appreciably and 

mined leaves were found in most white birch stands examined. Pockets of light 

infestation were observed in the townships of Joan, Field, Gillies Limit, and 

Strathy. 

Poplar Leaf Roller, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

High population levels of this leaf roller were present in poplar stands 

throughout the district in 1965. Pockets of severe defoliation occurred at many 

locations in the townships of Calvin, Bonfield, East Ferris, West Ferris, and 

Widdifield. Moderate defoliation was general in the Field, River Valley, and 

Hagar areas interspersed with pockets of severe defoliation. Generally, infestations 

were light elsewhere in the district except for isolated pockets of moderate 

and severe defoliation in the central and northern sections.

NORTH BAY DISTRICT 

Eri=11=1;kile*aY 

PARKER 

RORKE 

&ADEN MED/NA 

N COLEMAN 

Latchf rd 

FLUES 

LIMIT 

DUNDEE 

TURNER 

SEAGRAM 

RAE CANTON 

SOUTH 

LORRAIN 

AMR oramici 

ELDRIDGE ERERT 

E17 laYATES 

v 

CLEi 

OLIVE 

• 

"Nig ANGUS rill& 

13111 

E 

I" KENNY :211111:11. 

JAN= 

TM S T L E 

CU:, ME LYMAH1=11:j"H° 

11211111L 

MILES 

0 20 

PINE SAWFLIES 

Locations where populations of four species 

of pine sawflies were present in 1965 

Legend 

Red—headed pine sawfly 

40 

Black—headed pine sawfly 

Red pine sawfly 

ID 

Swaine sawfly ...... co

C 11 

Bark Beetles 

A bark beetle survey initiated in 1964 to obtain information on the distribution 

of various species attacking spruce and pine in Ontario was continued in 1965. 

Samples were collected from sawlogs, pulpwood, living trees, and slash which showed 

evidence of beetle activity. A cumulative summary of species collected in the 

district is shown in Table 14. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Bark Beetle Adults Collected in the North Bay District 


Bark Beetle 


Dryocoetes autographus Ratz. 

chagnoni Sw. 

Ips pini Say 

Orthotomicus caelatus Eich. 

Orthotomicus latidens Lec. 

Pityokteines sparsus Lec. 


Polygraphus rufipennis Kby. 

Host 

tL 

wP 

jP, bS 

jP, wS 

jP 

wS, bS 

bF 

wP 

wS 

Location 

Calvin 

McLaren 

Caldwell, Gillies Limit 

Briggs, Strathcona, 

Hugel, Van Nostrand, 

Clarkson, McNish 

Hugel 

Clement Gillies Limit 

9 

Strathcona, Lyman 

Strathcona, Best, French 

MacPherson, Strathy 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the North Bay District 

Insect Host(s) Remarks 


wS 

Adelges strobilobius Kalt. bS 

Agromyza ulmi Frost 

wE 

Altica corni Wood 

Do 


wE 

Anacampsis innocuella Zell. tA, 1A. 

Pockets of heavily infested 

trees at many locations in 

Mattawan Twp. 

Clumps of heavy infestation 

in Coleman, Askin, Sisk, 

McLaren, and Gillies Limit 

twps. 

Common on open—grown trees 

through southern part of 

district. 

Heavily infested trees in 

Caldwell Twp. 

Numerous through southern 

part of district. 

Clumps of lightly infested 

trees in Lorrain, South 

Lorrain, and Calvin twps.




Argyresthia sp. 

Argyrotaenia tabulana Free. 


Dioryctria reniculella Grt. 





Lithocolletis aceriella Clem. 


Chamb. 

Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar.) 





C 12 


Host s 

Cherry 

tL 

bS, Ws 

jP 

bF 

wS 

Al 

wB 

tA 

rCh, 

wB 

sM 

tA 

tA, rCh 

eC, rJ 

W 

bS 

jP 

Remarks 

None at quantitative sample 

points. 

Bonfield Twp. 8 infested 

shoots per 500, Mattawan 

4 per 500 shoots. 

Infested buds scattered 

through Gillies Limit 

and Caldwell twps. 

Reproduction heavily 

infested at one point in 

Coleman Twp. 

Fringe trees heavily 

infested at numerous 

locations. 

Low numbers through 

Caldwell, Kirkpatrick, and 

MacPherson twps. 

Heavy mining of foliage at 

several points on Lake 

Temagami. 

Heavily infested trees at 

many locations. Mines 

present from June to late 

August. 

Pockets of light defoliation 

in Gibbons, Crerar, Barr, 

and Lorrain twps. 

Four colonies, one from each 

of the townships of Sisk, 

McLaren, Notman, and Gladman. 

Light mining in Notman, Blyth, 

and Papineau twps. 

No mined leaves at sample 

stations. A few in Bonfield 

and South Lorrain twps. 

Occasional colonies in the 

northern part of the district. 

Quantitative samples in 

Blyth, Coleman, and 

Strathcona twps. totalled 25 9 4 

and 12 larvae respectively. 

Colonies common through the 

central part of the district. 

None found on bF in 1965. 

A few larvae from bS in 

Cynthia Twp. 

Scattered colonies through 

the twps. of McLaren, Briggs, 

Caldwell, Strathcona, and 

MacPherson.

C 13 






Phyllocolpa populi (Marl.) 

Pineus pinifoliae Fitch 


Recurvaria canusella Free. 

Recurvaria piceaella Kft. 

Rhabdophaga swainei Sw. 


Rhyacionia busckana Heinr. 


Schizura concinna A. & S. 

Sternochetus lapathi (L.) 

Toumeyella numismaticum P. McD. 

Zeiraphera fortunana Kft. 


tA, W 

jP 

rP, jP 

wS, bS 

lA 

wP 

Mo 

jP 

bS 

wS, bS 

rP, jP 

wE, Se, W 

W, bPo 

jP 

wS 

Scattered colonies common. 

Light defoliation of willow 

at several points in the 

central part of the district. 

Present in most jP stands; 

heavy in small plantation in 

Widdifield Twp. 

Pockets of heavy infestation 

at several locations. 

Light to moderate defoliation 

of windbreaks in Verner- 

Sturgeon Falls area. 

Numerous on reproduction at 

one point in Thistle Twp. 

Heavily infested trees at 

many locations in 1965. 

Population levels increased 

in 1965. Heavily defoliated 

trees common. 

Small clumps of lightly 

infested trees in Hugel and 

Gillies Limit twps. 

Found in small numbers in 

most stands examined. 

More common in spruce 

stands than in 1964. Quantitative 

samples in Caldwell, 

Bonfield, and Gillies Limit 

twps. showed 3, 5, and 8 

per cent of buds infested 

respectively. 

Small numbers widely 

distributed through the 

district. 

Colonies common at widely 

separated points. 

Special collections from 

Bonfield and Strathcona twps. 

Small groups of heavily 

infested trees in McLaren, 

Merrick, and Firstbrook twps. 

Lightly infested trees in 

East Ferris, Caldwell, and 

Kirkpatrick twps.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 

Page 




Jack-pine Needle Miner 



Cedar Sawfly 




Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly 


Balsam Bud-mining Sawfly 

Larch Sawfly 




laricella Hbn. C 14 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) C 14 

Eucosma gloriola Heinr. C 15 

Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.) C 16 

Malacosoma americanum F. C 16 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. C 16 

Monoctenus fulvus Nort. C 18 

Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) C 18 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. C 19 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. C 19 

Neodiprion virginianus complex C 20 

Pissodes strobi Peck C 20 

Pleroneura borealis Felt. C 21 

Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. C 21 

Pristiphora geniculata Htg. C 22 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. C 22 

C 22 

C, A. Barnes

C 14 



A decline in population levels of this insect occurred in all but one sample 

point in 1965 (Table 4). At one point in Ridout Township, an average of 14.8 

larvae per 18-inch branch tip was recorded, the highest count since 1961. Approximately 

20 per cent defoliation occurred at this location. 

In the past three years heavy parasitism by the introduced parasite Agathis 

pumila (Ratz.), and light parasitism by Chrysocharis (Epilampsis) laricinella Ratz.) 

has been recorded in mass collections of overwintering larvae fromtwo locations 

in the district. In 1965 mass collections of pupae were submitted to determine 

if Chrysocharis (Epilampsis) laricinella (Ratz.), was more active during this stage 

of development than in the larval stage. However, only small numbers of both 

parasites were recovered. 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Larval Counts of the Larch Casebearer 

in the Parry Sound District, 1963-1965 

Location Tree Av. no, of larvae ser 18-inch branch ti 

(township) species - 1963 1964 196 

Ridout eL 2.2 6.7 14.8 

Wallbridge tL 0.3 1.2 0.5 

Chapman tL 1.8 0.4 1.0 

Perry tL 1.0 0.4 0.2 

McLean tL 1.3 0.6 0.2 

Gurd tL 0.5 0.3 0.3 

Chisholm tL 1.3 1.5 0.8 

Stephenson tL 1.4 0.7 0.6 

European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercvniae (Htg.) 

Increases in population levels occurred at all but one sample point in 1965., 

The highest number was recorded at a sample point in Joly Township, where 87 

larvae were recovered from 15 tray samples (Table 5).

C 15 

TABLE 5 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts Taken on White 

Spruce Trees in the Parry Sound District 1961-1965 

Location 

(township) 

Total no. of larvae per l5-tray sample 

1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 

Ryerson 9 12 11 24 43 

Chapman 13 6 2 6 24 

Gurd 19 25 6 11 51 

McMurrich 7 15 8 5 19 

Monteith 8 21 18 26 37 

Perry 26 69 5 17 40 

Cr ft 5 13 9 14 4 

Joly 35 10 7 38 87 

Ma char 14 10 0 6 11 

McLean 13 14 8 10 13 

White Pine Shoot Borer, Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 

For the second consecutive year population levels of this insect declined substantially 

at all sample points in the district (Table 6). The maximum number of 

infested trees was eight per cent. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Shoot Damage Caused by the White Pine Shoot 


er 

Note: One hundred trees were examined at each location. 

Location 

(township. 

Host 

s es 

Av. height of 

trees in feet 

in 16 

Per cent 

trees infested 

16 1'6 1965 

Per cent of treess 

with leaders 

infested in 1961_ 

McLean rP 9 23 9 2 0 

McLean jP 17 7 5 0 0 

Stisted rP 18 6 6 3 0 

rP 15 16 11 0 0 

McAulay jP 21 11 6 0 0 

McMurrich rP 9 24 15 0 0 

McMurrich JP 20 5 3 0 0 

Armour scP 13 21 15 8 2

" 

" 

Jack-pine Needle Miner, Exoteleia pinifoliella (Chamb.) 

Medium infestations of this insect were observed in clumps of jack pine near 

Parry Sound in McDougall Township, Bear Lake in Monteith Township, and Huntsville 

in Brunel Township, Approximately 25 per cent of the needles on past year's shoots 

were infested at each location. Light infestations were common in Boulter, 

Harrison, and Burpee townships. 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum F. 

Light infestations of this insect that occurred along Highway 69 from Parry 

Sound to the French River for the past six years increased to heavy intensity in 

1965. At one location in Harrison Township, counts of initial tents along a 

measured mile of roadside were the highest recorded in the district for a number of 

years (Table 7). Population levels declined slightly in the southern part of the 

district. 

TABLE 7 


in the Parry Sound District 1960-1965 

Location 

to hi 

lint 

No, of rimer tents 

area 1 60 1 61 1962 196 1 . 6 1 . 6 

Franklin square chain plot 7 13 18 11 8 3 

Stephenson 

19 

3 17 11 14 11 0 

McAulay 36 47 32 23 3 7 

Chisholm 

0 1 3 3 1 2 

Boulter o 2 0 3 2 3 

McLean mile of roadside 79 91 63 42 28 31 

Brunel 

" " 

28 31 18 14 7 2 

Stephenson 

It " " 

21 22 27 21 14 2 

" It 

Wood 

It 

31 53 62 40 29 27 

McDougall 

H 

18 44 51 31 17 14 

MacKenzie 

II " 

16 29 24 11 8 6 

" 

Harrison 

II - - - 

- 181 


Population levels of this insect increased in the district in 1965 compared 

with 1964. Heavy infestations occurred in the Muskoka Lakes area, where sugar maple, 

red oak, white elm, and trembling aspen were severely defoliated. In the northern 

part of the district a band of heavy infestation extended from the Dokis Indian 

Reserve along the French River eastward to North Himsworth Township. The total area 

of infestation in the district was approximately 970 square miles (see map). 

Mass collections of cocoons were made to determine the percentage of parasitism, 

predation, disease, and moth emergence (Table 8).

Clg 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Dissections of Forest Tent Caterpillar Cocoons 


OMWM«CraiOO=«j3UKJVX»^^ 

Location 

(township) 

Nipissing 

Medora 

Wood 

Muskoka 

Humphry 

Per cent with 

emergence 

1964 — --1965 

, 

38 

36 

— 

CO 

16 

34 

10 

27 

30 

smwHSHHttB r •teffiia.'i 

Per cent 

parasitized 

omaMini iriim'iniiira :iiiimi—c——i.nini nmiil i- 


em 

39 

41 

- 

•• 

84 

63 

90 

73 

70 

Per cent dead 

of other causes 


0 

23 3 

23 0 

0 

0 

On the basis of egg band counts an increase in population levels of the insect 

is expected in the northern part of the district in 1966 (Table 9)« heavy infestations 

will probably occur in a band from Highway 69 easterly to the Dokis Indian 

Reserve Moderate to heavy infestations are expected to develop in the Lost Channel 

load area where three egg bands were collected in 1965 compared with nil in 1964. 

Light infestations are expected in Boulter and the southern part of Nipissing 

townships, where egg bands were collected for the first time in 1965. No appreciable 

change in population levels should occur in infestations that have persisted for 

the past four years in the Muskoka lakes area. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Egg Band Counts of the Forest Tent Caterpillar 

in the Parry Sound District 1962-1965 

CTX^=mcE ~ ;:= "^^ 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

No, of trees 

sampled 


Total no, of 

egg bands 

1962 1963 1964 

Defoliation 

fore cast 

1965 1966 

Nipissing 

French River 

Mowat 

Medora 

Wood 

Boulter 

South Himsworth 

Wallbridge 

Gibson 

HcAulay 

Ridout 

6 

5 

5 

6 

6 

6 

5 

4 

6 

5 

5 

3 

2 

3 

1 

1 

3 

3 

3 

1 

3 

3 

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 

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Sundr 

CROFT CHAPMAN 

Ma*restive 

ty 

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JOEY I 

sNW ADDOroor i 

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0 20 

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1111111111113:: .0;/10: i i 1, it. 

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Legend 


Moderate defoliation 

Severe defoliation

C 18 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Malacosoma disstria Hbn. Moths Recovered in a Light Trap 

in the Parry Sound District for the Tears 1961-1965 

Location 

Total no. of female and male moths 

townships) 1961 962 1963 1964 1965 

Ridout 13 71 56 31 19 


No appreciable change in population levels of this insect occurred at sample 

points in 1965 compared with 1964 (Table 11). Population levels were relatively 

high for the second consecutive year in Machar and Shawanaga townships. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Cedar Sawfly Counts in the Parry Sound District 


Location 

township 

iarsau,...M*GEs 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Total 

1961 1962 

per 


1963 1964 1956 

Machar 5 2 10 0 28 24 

Humphry 6 28 1 17 11 9 

McKonkey 6 14 13 5 4 7 

Shawanaga 5 47 31 29 54 41 


Heavy infestations of this sawfly persisted for the second consecutive year 

in red and Scots pine plantations in Ridout, Stephenson, Livingstone, Wood, Medora, 

Gibson, McAuley, McClintock, and Freeman townships in Division 93. Mortality 

of red and Scots pine trees occurred in many of these plantations. Defoliation 

ranged from 40 per cent on larger trees to 100 per cent on trees up to six feet 

in height. 

Moderate infestations were found commonly on hedgerows and individual red and 

jack pine trees along roadsides in Wilson, Mills, and Pringle townships in Division 

83. Localized pockets of moderate infestation were observed in Machar and 

Ballantyne townships. 

Control measures were recommended and most infested plantation were sprayed 

with good results. Colony counts based on the examination of 100 trees at each 

location are summarized in Table 12.

Location 

) 

Tree 

s eoiea 

C 19 

TABLE 12 



Av. height of No. of trees 

sample trees infested 

Av. no, of colonies 


in feet 1 6 1 6 1 6 

Henvy rP 7 7 4 7 

Mowat jP 20 0 0 0 

Ryde rP 10 0 0 0 

Wilson rP 8 4 0 4 

Ridout rP 6 61 - 1.2 

Livingstone rP 6 83 1.2 

Wood rP 20 10 4.7 

Stephenson scP 6 52 1.2 

Red-pin, Sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

No appreciable change in population levels of this insect occurred in the 

district in 1965 compared with 1964. Counts based on the examination of ten sample 

trees at four locations are summarized in Table 13. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Red-pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Parry Sound District 


Av0 d.b.h. of 

Location in sample trees No, of trees Av, no. of colonies per tree 

inches infested 1 6 1 6 

McDougall 

5 3 1.1 1.0 

Franklin 6 4 0.7 1.7 

South Himsworth 6 5 2.0 1,0 

Perry 6 3 0.5 1.0 

Black-headed Tack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. 

A decline in population levels of this sawfly occurred throughout the district 

in 1965 Fewer jack pine trees were infested in 1965 than in the past four years. 

Defoliation did not exceed five per cent at any sample point. Counts based on the 

examination of ten. trees at each location are summarized in Table 14,

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 

RED—HEADED PINE SAWFLY 



Legend 




•

TABLE 14 

Summary of Black-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts 


Location 

township. 

No. of trees infested Av. no. of colonies per infested tree 

196 196:. 196. 16 

Monck 10 0 2.1 0.0 

Draper 8 3 2.1 1.0 

Ryerson 10 10 1.6 1.4 

McDougall 6 1 1.0 1.0 

McLean 5 2 1.0 1.5 

Medora 6 4 1.0 1.0 

Monteith 10 6 1.6 2.2 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion virginianus complex 

No appreciable change in population levels of this insect occurred in 1965 

(Table 15). Since 1959, only small numbers of colonies have been found in the 

district. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts 

in the Parry Sound District in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 



Pickerel River 4 0.0 0.0 

Henvey 5 1.7 2.1 

Shawanaga 4 0.4 0.5 

Burton 5 0.1 0.0 

Mowat 5 0.7 0.9 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck 

Medium infestations occurred in Scots pine plantations at several locations 

in McMurrich, MacKenzie, and Armour townships, where 8, 13, and 12 per cent 

respectively of the trees examined were infested. For the fourth consecutive year 

a heavy infestation persisted in a pocket of white pine reproduction near Huntsville 

in Chaffey Township. Light infestations were observed on Scots and jack pine 

trees in McAulay and McLean townships. 

Counts based on the examination of 100 trees at each location are summarized 

in Table 16.

TABLE 16 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil in the Parry Sound District 


Per cent trees 

Per cent cumulative 

Location Tree infested damage all years 

township species 196 196 1'6 1°6 

McLean rP 0 0 18 18 

McLean jP 3 0 41 41 

McAulay jP 2 55 57 

McMurrich jP 2 0 41 41 

McMurrich scP 8 23 

MacKenzie scP 13 37 

Armour scP 8 12 41 53 

Chaffey wP 22 43 

Balsam Bud-mining Sawfly, Pleroneura borealis Felt. 

As in alternate years in the past, population levels declined at all sample 

points. Counts of infested buds did not exceed four per cent at any location 

(Table 17). 

Location 

to shi 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Balsam Bud-mining Sawfly Larval Counts 


Av. height of 

sample trees 

in feet 

No. of new buds 

examined 

Per cent buds infested 

1962 1963 l6 1965 

McLean 24 227 

1.4 17.0 0.0 

Chaffey 35 289 15.9 0.6 7.8 0.3 

MacKenzie 30 327 6.9 1.1 8.1 3.3 

Ferguson 25 296 10.8 2.9 7.1 0.1 

Joly 22 311 7.3 1.6 5.8 0.0 

Franklin 45 296 6.1 0.4 13.7 0.8 

Laurier 35 301 2L0 3.0 11.3 0.8 

Wilson 35 360 15.6 0.0 6.0 1.0 

10.8 

Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. 

Population levels of this sawfly have declined since 1962. However, a medium 

infestation has persisted in a small 10 acre stand of larch near Byng Inlet in 

Wallbridge Township. Defoliation approximated 20 per cent at this location. 

Elsewhere, light infestations were observed on occasional trees at several locations. 

Defoliation did not exceed 10 per cent.

C 22 

Mountain-ash Sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata Htg. 

Pockets of light infestation of this insect persisted on groups of mountain ash 

throughout the district, and were most numerous in Gurd, McClintock, Wood, Perry, 

McAulay, McDougall, Shawanaga, and Wallbridge townships. Defoliation did not exceed 

15 per cent. 

A Poplar Leaf Roller, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

Most of the heavy infestations that have occurred in the district since 1963 

declined in intensity in 1965. Heavy infestations persisted in the northwest part 

of the district where defoliation of trembling aspen ranged from 50 per cent to 

90 per cent. In the remainder of the district infestations declined to light and 

moderate intensity and defoliation ranged from 10 to 40 per cent. 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Parry Sound District 




wS, eH 

Small numbers of insects at 


wS, tL Heavy infestations of this 

needle gall on numerous trees 

through the district. 

Adelges sp. wS Common on scattered trees near 

Marshes Falls 

Altica populi Brown bPo Common on several trees at 

one location in Perry Twp. 

Anchylopera subaequana Zell. Moderate infestation of leaf 

rollers near Port Carmen in 

Chapman Twp. 

Aphrophora parallela Say scP Moderate infestations on white 

pine near Katrine in Armour 

Twp. and on jack pine near 

Vankoughnet in Oakley Twp. 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch pCh, cCh Cherry ugly-nest caterpillar 

at a very low level in the 

district. 

Arge sp. 

Al Few colonies of this sawfly 

observed in the district. 

Argyresthia laricella Kft. tL Light infestations of this 

twig borer common in Chapman 

and Stephenson twps. 

Caripeta divisata Wlk. wS, bF Small numbers of' larvae in 

beating samples at each 

location. 

Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. wS, bF Collected on beating tray 

in small numbers. 

Coleophora sp. wB Collected in small numbers 

at one location near the 

French River.

C 23 





Epinotia solandriana Linn. 

Eupithecia filmata Pears. 

Eupithecia sp. 

Fenusa dorhnii (Tischb.) 



bF 

wB, tA 

eH, bF 

bF, eH, wS 

Hydriomena divisaria Wlk. ,S, bF 


Ips pini Say 

Lambdina fiscellaria 

fiscellaria Gn. 

Nematus erythrogaster Nort. 

Neodiprion nigroscutum Midd. rP 

Al 

wB 

tA 

Al 

wP 

eH, bF 

Operophtera bruceata Hist. sM, I, tA 

shrubs 

Petrova albicapitana (Busck.) 

Phenacaspis pinifoliae Fitch jP, scP 

Phyllocolpa sp. tA 

Phyllocoptes aceris-crumena Rly. sM 


Al 

jP 

wS 

Needle gall common on most 

balsam fir through district. 

Moderate infestations on 

white birch and trembling 

aspen near French and 

Pickerel rivers. 

Common in beating samples at 

several locations. 

Common on beating tray at 

several locations through 

district. 

Moderate infestation of this 

leaf miner near Hekkla in 

Cardwell Twp. 

Heavy infestations of this 

leaf miner on small white 

birch in Machar, Mowat, and 

Burpee twps. 

Several small colonies of 

this leaf beetle at two 

locations. 

Small numbers of this 

looper at all locations. 

At the lowest level since 

1959, only one colony 

collected in 1965. 

Common in logs and stumps 

near Ravenscliffe in Chaffey 

Twp. 

Counts in all sample plots 

at a very low level. 

Only one colony of this 

sawfly collected in the 

district. 

Small numbers of this sawfly 

observed near Trout Creek. 

Light infestations common 

in Findlayson, Sinclair, and 

Livingstone twps. 

Small numbers of pitch nodule 

makers at three locations. 

Heavy scaledamage to Scots 

and jack pine trees near Parry 

Sound. 

Population levels increased 

at several locations in the 

district. 

Severe gall damage to leaves 

of sugar maple at several 

locations. 

Light infestations of this 

sawfly common at three 

locations.



Pineus coloradensis Gill. 

Pityokteines sparsus Leo. 


Prociphilus t flatus (Fitch) 



Saperda moesta Lee. 

thisa dispuncta 

Sparganothis acerivorana MacK. 

Thera procteri Brower 


Vasates quadripes Shim 


rP 

This aphid common on a few 

scattered trees near Pakesley. 

bF 

Bark beetles common in fir 

logs at two locations. 

Bark beetles common in spruce 

logs at two locations. 

Al Woolly aphid on alder common 

through the district. 

wB 

Small numbers of this leaf 

mining sawfly on birch at 

one location. 

wS Low populations recorded at 

all sample points in 1965. 

tA Poplar borer common on small 

trees near airport in Joly 

Twp. 

wS, bF These loopers found commonly 

on beating tray at several 

locations. 

sM Leaf rollers common on sugar 

maple trees along Peninsula 

Road in Medora Twp, 

Juniper Common on juniper along 

Highway 103 in Gibson and 

Freeman twps. 

jP Light infestation of tortoise 

scale near French and Pickerel 

rivers. 

siM This leaf gall common on this 

host through district. 

wS 

Moderate infestations of this 

new shoot insect at two 

locations.

CENTRAL FOREST REGION 


STATUS OF INSECTS (REGIONAL) 

White Pine Weevil . 

Larch Sawfly 

Mountain Ash Sawfly ...... 


Page 

Pis, sodes strobi (Peck) 

D 

Pristiphora erichsonii 014. .. .. 6 D 2 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) D 2 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. D 2 

STATUS OF TREE DISEASES (REGIONAL) 


Spruce Needle Rusts 

Ink Spot Disease of Poplar .*....* 

A needle Rust on Pine 

Sweetfern Blister Rust ..... 


A Stem Canker on Popular . 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Aspen 

Dieback of Red Pine 

Frost Injury 

Winte- Drying 

Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism) C. Moreau 

Chrysomyxa ledi de Bary and 

Chrysomyxa ledicola Lagerh 

Ciborinia whetzelii (Seay .) Seav, 

Coleosporium asterum (Deit.) Syd 

Cronartium comptoniae Arth. 

Hypoxylon 

Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer .. . 

p 

ruinatum (Klotsch) Cke. 

Pollaccia Scleroderris radiosa Lib.) Bald. & Cif 6 

. ...... • •• . 

• • *0 

• • • • 

"Bunched Top" Condition of Nursery stock 

••••••••••... 

Diseases and Organisms of Forest Flora **** ....•••••• ** •••• 

D 5 

D 5 

D 6 

D G 

D 

D 

D 

D 7 

• 7 

7 

D 


INTRODUCTION 

Central Region 

The following report deals with the status of forest insects and tree diseases 

in the Central Forest Region in 1965. Major insect problems that are common to all 

five districts as well as all disease conditions are presented on a regional basis 

and other data on a district basis. 

In 1965 D. Ropke and D. C. Constable assumed responsibility for the work of 

the Forest Insect and Disease Survey in the Chapleau and White River districts 

respectively. 

Below normal temperatures and above average precipitation characterized the 

1965 season. Late frosts which occurred in late May and early June for the second 

consecutive year damaged the new shoots of balsam fir and white spruce trees and 

the foliage of some deciduous species. 

Major increases in the extent and intensity of forest tent caterpillar infestations 

were observed in the Sault Ste. Marie District while smaller increases occurred 

in the Sudbury District. Increases in numbers in the Chapleau and White River 

districts suggest the beginning of what could develop into extensive infestations in 

these districts. The discovery of the European pine sawfly on Manitoulin Island 

in the Sudbury District is a significant development in the spread of this introduced 

pest in Ontario. The mountain-ash sawfly extended its range in the Chapleau 

and Gogama districts. Infestations of birch skeletonizer subsided in the southern 

part of the region but persisted in northern areas. Unusually widespread damage 

by a weevil, Hylobius sp. was observed on jack pine in the Chapleau District, 

and a rare weevil, Pissodes similis Hopk. was found for the first time on balsam 

fir in Canada in the White River District. 

Forest pathology surveys revealed the presence of Dutch elm disease on 

Manitoulin Island and at Spanish in the Sudbury District extending the previously 

known range from the western boundary of the North Bay District almost to the 

eastern boundary of the Sault Ste. Marie District. 

Short courses of instruction on insects and diseases were given to junior 

forest rangers at 24 camps in the region. Other extension work involving plantation 

owners, woods companies, and conservation schools constituted an important 

part of the field work in 1965. 

Appreciation is again expressed for co-operation given to technicians by 

woods companies, Department of Lands and Forests personnel and others. 

H. G. McPhee

TABLE 1 

D 


This weevil is a constant deterent to the production of well-formed trees in 

plantations and in regeneration stands in open areas. White pine, jack pine and Scots 

pine are the preferred hosts, but occasionally heavy attacks occur on red pine, white 

spruce and black spruce. The intensity of attack varies considerably between stands, 

but unlike defoliators which tend toward cyclic abundance, damage by the weevil 

persists at much the same levels from year to year. 

Damage appraisals carried out in representative stands in 1965 (Table 1) indicate 

a general increase in the degree of attack on jack pine and white pine, whereas 

a decline occurred on red pine in Sault Ste. Marie and Chapleau districts. The 

incidence of damaged leaders in Scots pine plantations increased at one location in 

the Sudbury District and were similar to 1964 in other locations in Sudbury, Sault 

Ste. Marie, and Gogama districts. 

The results of the survey shown in Table 1 provide a general assessment of the 

status of the insect in the region; more detailed information for specific locations 

is available on request. 

District 

Summary of Damage by the White Pine Weevil 

in the Central Region in 1965 

Host 

s ecies 

No. of 

sample 

areas 

Av. no. of trees 

examined per 

sam le 

Range in 

percentage 

of trees 

weevilled 

General index 

in per cent 

196 196 

Sault Ste. Marie wP 9 200 3-14 4 7 

jP 4 100 7-16 6 10 

scP 2 100 13-38 26 25 

rP 1 100 6 27 6 

Sudbury jP 5 100 0-8 2 3 

scP 1 100 22 10 22 

• Chapleau wP 1 200 24 2 24 

rP 2 200 0-1 4 1 

P 12 100 2-17 7 6 

Gogama wP 1 100 8 - 8 

jP 10 100 0-19 6 7 

scP 1 100 1 2 1 

bS 2 100 2-4 5 3 

White River jP 1 100 12 3 •12 

bS 1 100 9 14 9 

wS 2 100 9-16 7 12

D2 


Few changes occurred in the status of this insect in 1965. Clumps and small 

pockets of tamarack were lightly infested at many locations in the Central Region, 

mainly on open-grown and fringe trees. 

Population levels in the southern parts of Divisions 65 and 66 in the Sault Ste. 

Marie District increased and caused severe defoliation in several small stands in 

Bright, Jocelyn, Plummer, and Thessalon townships. In the Sudbury District, a large 

pocket of medium infestation persisted in the Spanish River Reserve south of Massey, 

and a small pocket, of severe defoliation occurred in Township A. Small larch trees 

were moderately and severely defoliated at scattered locations in the district. 

Severely infested reproduction, mainly along roadsides, was observed in Smuts 

and 12H townships in the Chapleau District and at various points in the White River 

District. Population levels declined sharply in the Gogama District where light to 

moderate defoliation of small larch trees was observed at a few widely-scattered 

points. 

Sequential sampling yielded negative results except in the White River District 

where 2 per cent of the shoots were curled by oviposition at a sample point in 

Township 73. 

Mountain Ash Sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) 

Population levels of this sawfly showed little change in the Central Region in 

1965, except in the Gogama District where a noteworthy increase in population levels 

occurred, and in the Chapleau District where an extension in the distribution of the 

insect was reported. The insect has not become established to date in the White 

River District. 

In the Chapleau District, defoliation ranged from 10 per cent in Borden Township 

to 80 per cent on lakeshore trees in MaPhail Township. The insect's range was 

extended approximately 6 miles westward and forty miles northward from that previously 

recorded. 

In the Gogama District the insect's range was extended west and north along 

Highway 101. Infestations were mainly light, however, some pockets of medium to 

heavy infestations were observed at widely-scattered locations. 

There was little change in the status of this insect in the Sudbury District. 

Population levels were generally high through the western part of the district with 

defoliation varying from light to severe on scattered trees. The insect was abundant 

at a few locations in the northern part of the district but was rarely found in the 

eastern half of the district. 

Severe defoliation of host trees occurred commonly in the Sault Ste. Marie District 

except in the north part of Division 30 where light to moderate feeding was observed. 


Forest tent caterpillar population levels continued to increase in 1965, particularly 

in the southern part of th region where substantial increases in the extent 

and intensity of infestations occurred.

D3 

• 

The greatest expansion occurred in the Sault Ste. Marie District where heavy 

infestation reported in the Blind River area in 1964, comprising about 75 square miles, 

enlarged to approximately 425 square miles in a band running east and west from 

Wakewekobi Lake to Proctor Township. Population levels reached infestation proportions 

in the remainder of the North Channel area east of Sault Ste. Marie resulting in a 

100 square mile area of moderate to severe defoliation centred around McCarrol 's Lake, 

bordered by an area of light infestation totalling 900 square miles (see map). 

In Sudbury District, three small infestations near Sudbury coalesced to form a 

large area of moderate to severe defoliation surrounding the city. The heavy infestation 

in the French River area spread eastward through Scollard Township into 

Parry Sound District and northward along the district boundary to Appleby Township. 

A new heavy infestation occurred just south of Espanola in Merritt Township where 

host stands were severely defoliated over an area of about 10 square miles. The area 

of moderate to severe defoliation in the district totalled 570 square miles. Light 

defoliation of poplar stands recurred outside heavily infested areas throughout the 

southeastern part of the district and an isolated pocket of light infestation was 

found near the western boundary of the district in Shedden Township. 

In Chapleau District, a pocket of light infestation was discovered near the .own 

of Chapleau and the insect was present in small numbers in Fanet and 9E townships. 

Records show that parasitism usually increases with age of infestation. However, 

dissections of cocoons revealed marked declines in parasitism in the Sudbury District. 

In contrast, parasitism increased at sample points in the Sault Ste. Marie District 

(Table 2). With the successful moth emergence that occurred in the Sudbury District 

in 1965 compared with 1964 one would expect a comparable increase in numbers of 

egg bands. However, oviposition declined at sample points. Light trap records from 

surrounding districts indicate a higher ratio of male moths than females compared 

with previous years which may explain in part the decline in numbers of egg bands. 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Cocoon Mortality in the Central Region 

in 1964 and 1965 Based on the Dissection of One-hundred Cocoons 

at Each Location 

Location 

Unsuccessful 

(township by Emerged Parasitized Disease Predation emergence 

district) 1964 1965 1964 1965 1964 1965 1964 1965 1964 1965 

Sudbury 

Bigwood 25 50 75 45 0 0 0 5 0 0 

Graham 25 34 74 65 0 0 0 0 1 1 

Rayside 37 68 63 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Dill 31 61 69 37 0 0 0 2 0 0 

Merritt - 49 - 50 - 0 - 1 - 0 

' 

Sault Ste. Marie 

Scarfe 45 49 40 48 10 2 0 .1 0 0 

Cobden 55 40 42 57 3 3 0 0 0 0 

Meredith - 49 - 45 5 - 1 0 

Johnson - 41 - 58 - 1 - 0 0 

Patton - 34 - 54 - 4 - 8 - 0 

149 - 50 - 40 10 - 0 0 

Proctor - 70 - 29 1 , - 0 0

" 

" 

" 

" 

" 

D4 

A summary of egg surveys shown in the following table fails to indicate any 

major extension in infestations in 1966 but increases in intensity of most infestations 

are expected. This will result in the mass migration of caterpillars from 

defoliated stands to neighbouring areas, notably in Cobden and Scarfe townships. 

TABLE 3 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Band Counts 

in the Central Region in 1965 

Location 

(township by Tree 

district) species 

Av. d.b.h. of 


Average no, of egg 

bands per tree Forecast 

1964 1965 1966 

for 

Sudbury 

Graham tA 5 39 15 Heavy 

Bigwood tA 4 66 62 

Dill tA 4 30 42 

Merritt tA 3 - 37 

Cox tA ..,.. 5 2 15 

Burwash tA 5 1 1.7 Light 

Shedden tA 5 - 1 

Foster tA 5 - 0.3 

Curtin tA 6 - 1.3 

129 tA 7 - 

" 

1.7 

Vf 

Louise tA 6 

" 

Dryden tA 5 - 

" 

Hanmer tA 5 - 0.6 

Sault Ste. Marie 

Cobden tA 6 - 106 Heavy 

Scarfe tA 5 29 131 

Proctor tA 5 - 34 

Johnson r0 4 - 67 

IV 

Day r0 4 12 

Meredith sM 4 1 

18 " 

" 

Tarbutt Addt ' l tA 5 2 

" 

Patton tA 5 2 17 

Plummer tA 6 - 1 Light 

Gladstone tA 6 1 4 Medium 

Kirkwood tA 5 - 3 

Chapleau 

Chapleau 

tA 5 1.6 Light


1 WHITE RIVER 

2 CHAPLEAU 

3 GOGAMA 

4 SAULT STE MARIE 

5 SUDBURY 


MILES 

0 20 40 



Legend 

Light defoliation or OD 


Points where insects were found in 

small numbers 

1/1/1/1I 

Oh 

0


1 WHITE RIVER 

2 CHAPLEAU 

3 GOGAMA 

4 SAULT STE. MARIE 

5 SUDBURY 

MOUNTAIN ASH SAWFLY 

Distribution shown in biennial intervals 


MILES 

0 20 40 

I I I 

Legend 

Up to 1959 

Up to 1961 

Up to 1963 

Up to 1965 

r 

V AP 

• • •.• • • • ••.• • • • •• 

r 4,..

D 5 


Central Region 

Dutch Elm Disease, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau 

Detection of this destructive disease of elm at three locations in the Sudbury 

District in 1965 represents a significant extension in distribution. Culturing of 

samples from suspect elm trees revealed the presence of the disease at Manitowaning 

and Mindemoya on Manitoulin Island and at Spanish near the western boundary of the 

district. In each instance only one or two trees were infected. 

The disease was introduced to North America from Europe about 1930. It was not 

discovered in Canada until 1944 when it was found in Quebec. Since that time infection 

has spread through eastern and southwestern Ontario causing high mortality 

of elms (see photograph). In 1964, the disease spread northward into North Bay 

District and was recorded almost to the eastern boundary of the Sudbury District. 

The disease is spread by elm bark beetles which breed in dead or dying elms 

in conjunction with the saprophytic stage of the fungus; emerging contaminated beetles 

move to healthy trees to feed and in the process infect them. 

Spruce Needle Rusts, Chrysomyxa ledi de Bary and C. ledicola Lagerh. 

White and black spruce trees infected with these foliar diseases were observed 

at numerous locations in the Central Region. The incidence of the disease varied 

Very little from the past year. However, the degree of severity was generally 

lighter. 

Slight increases in incidence and severity were recorded in the Sudbury District. 

But centers of severe infection were limited to small clumps of trees at a few 

locations. 

Incidence of the diseases at the plot in Ivanhoe Township, Gogama District, 

which was 100 per cent in 1964, remained unchanged. The severity at this location, 

however, declined from high in 1964 to low in 1965. The white spruce in this area 

has been attacked for three consecutive years, with annually varying degrees of 

severity, the heaviest attack occurring in 1964. 

Small numbers of lightly infested white spruce and black spruce trees were 

observed at various points in Chapleau and White River districts. Infected trees 

were most prevalent in Jasper and Brutus townships in the Chapleau District and on 

the camp 70 road in the White River District. 

Ink Spot Disease of Poplar, Ciborinia whetzelii (Sea y .) Seay. 

While this disease was observed in most trembling aspen stands throughout the 

Central Region, it declined in incidence and severity compared with 1964. Pole 

sized trees were more susceptible than other size classes. 

Pockets of heavy infection persisted in Cobden, Esten, Patton, an Scarfe 

townships in Sault Ste. Marie District, and in Joffre and Stover townships in 

Chapleau District. In the Gogama District, two large areas of heavy infection 

persisted in Enid, Montcalm and Strachan townships in Division 68, and in Beulah, 

Blewett, and Browning townships in Division 72 (see photograph).

Many pockets of light to medium infection were observed in the remainder of 

the region. 

D 6 

A Needle Rust on Pine, Coleosporium asterum (Deit.) Syd. 

The incidence of this foliar rust was comparable to 1964. One relatively large 

pocket of infection, approximately 300 acres in extent, occurred on young jack pine 

trees in Lloyd Township, Chapleau District where 44 per cent of the trees were 

infected. Small pockets of infection were observed in young plantations and on red 

and jack pine regeneration in the Gogama, Sudbury, and Sault Ste. Marie districts. 

Sweetfern Blister Rust, Cronartium comptoniae Arth. 

Little change in incidence and s rity of this rust occurred in 1965. However, 

the disease was discovered at several i4ew locations. Three new centres of light 

to medium infection were observed in mature jack pine stands in the Gogama District. 

In the Sudbury District, 34 per cent of the stems of young jack pine were infected 

in a scarified and seeded area in Moncrieff Township. About 10 per cent of the 

seedlings in a small nursery at Espanola were attacked. One new centre of infection 

occurred in Durban Township in the Chapleau District where the incidence was 7 per 

cent in jack pine regeneration. 


The status of this disease remained unchanged in the Region. As in 1964p 

infected trees occurred in most stands containing white pine. Medium infections 

persisted in the southern part of the Sault Ste. Marie District and at three points 

in the Gogama District where the incidence at sample points varied from 19 to 29 

per cent and 33 to 41 per cent respectively. Infected trees were observed frequently 

in the southern part of the Sudbury District, particularly in the North Channel 

and French River areas (see photograph). 

Hypoxylon Canker on Poplar, Hypoxylon pruinatum (Klotsche) Cke. 

Stem cankers caused by this fungous disease occurred commonly in poplar stands 

throughout the region. Trees of all size classes were susceptible to infection 

regardless of site quality and the incidence of mortality varied widely between 

stands (see photograph). 

No significant change was noted in the levels of disease incidence and severity 

in two sample plots which were established in each district in 1964. 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Aspen, Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) Bald. & Cif. 

Trembling aspen regeneration, sucker growth, and occasionally small pole-size 

trees on roadsides and cut-over areas, were again commonly attacked by this fungus. 

However, the incidence and severity of infection were lower than in 1964. Regeneration 

tion on poor sites and near roads was more frequently and more severely affected. 

Pockets of severe infection were observed in Township 43, Cochrane and Margaret 

townships in the Chapleau District and in Pearkes Township in the White River District. 

Several clumps of severely infected trembling aspen occurred in the Sudbury District. 

In the Gogama District many small centeri of severe infection were observed in the 

central part of Division 68.

D 7 

In the remainder of the region numerous pockets of light to moderate infection 

were observed. 

Dieback of Red Pine, Scleroderris lagerbergii Gremmen 

This organism which causes branch killing, stem cankering and eventual mortality 

of young red pine has caused serious damage in the Kirkwood Management Unit and 

parts of the Searchmont Unit. Infected trees were also fond in jack and Scots pine 

stands in these areas. Mortality of young red pine, particularly new plantings has 

occurred for the past ten years. The severity and distribution of the disease has 

increased annually. Mortality of lower branches occurred throughout older plantations 

in the unit and severe losses have occurred in recent plantings. 

In 1965 heavy losses of 3-0 red pine planting stock occurred in the Kirkwood 

Forest Nursery as a result of the disease. Examination in the autumn showed a high 

incidence of infection in 2-0 and 1-0 red pine stock. 

The northern pine weevil, Pissodes approximatus Hopk. is closely associated with 

the disease. Trees which are weakened by the disease are used by the weevil as brood 

sites, thereby hastening the death of the trees. 

A sanitation program to remove infected trees and lower branches was initiated 

by the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests in these units in 1965. 

Frost Injury 

Frost injury occurred in late May and early June at several points in the region. 

Balsam fir and white spruce were most commonly affected in the Sault Ste. Marie and 

Sudbury districts, while black spruce was also damaged in White River, Chapleau, and 

Gogama districts, Damage occurred in small pockets principally on young trees in 

low-lying areas, and on fringe or open-growing trees (see photographs). 

Winter Drying 

This type of injury was generally less prevalent in 1965 than in recent years. 

Small pockets of needle browning were observed in plantations and natural regeneration 

of white pine, red pine or Scots pine at widely-scattered locations throughout 

the region. A 20-acre white pine plantation near Flame Lake in Township 8D of the 

Chapleau District suffered severe browning of foliage. 

"Bunched Top" Condition of Nursery Stock 

The incidence of the "bunched top" condition in the Gogama Nursery declined 

sharply. In 1964, the percentage of damaged seedlings at 12 count locations in the 

1-0 jack pine and red pine beds ranged from 9 to 28, whereas in 1965 only occasional 

seedlings were affected at the same points. Jack pine stock of the same age class 

appeared to be free from injury.

Da 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the Central Region in 1965 

r anism Host Remarks 

Apiosporina collinsii (Schw.) Poehn. Se Pockets of heavy infection 

were observed in Chapleau 

and Sudbury districts, the 

fungus was also recorded in 

White River and Gogama 

districts. 

Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Kummer jP, scP, rP Occasional mortality in 

plantations and natural 

reproduction throughout 

the central region, no 

significant change in the 

status of this disease 

occurred in 1965. 

Chrysomyxa pirolata Wint. wS This rust infected cones at 

2 locations in the White 


Peridermuim sp. jP, scP Hosts of all sizes and age 

classes attacked in small 

pockets of light infection 

in the Gogama District. 

Cytospora sp. aMo, W Common on mountain ash in 

the Chapleau District; 

foliage withers and roadside 

shrubs die back, 

light infection of willow in Magore 

Twp., White River District. 

Dermea balsamea (Pk.) Sea y. bF Extensive flagging and twig 

mortality of roadside trees 

along Michipicoten Harbour 

Road, White River District. 

Occasional mortality in Benneweis 

Twp., Gogama District. 

Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) Theiss. eCh, pCh Black Knot of Cherry commonly 

Syd. found throughout the central 

region causing twig and 

branch mortality of prunus 

spp. 

Gloeosporium sp. pCh, Mo, Se, tA Pathogen associated with 

leaf and twig blight at 

scattered points in the 

White River District. 

Gymno sporangium aurantiacum Chev. aMo Light fruiting on foliage, 

Ivanhoe Twp., Gogama 

District.

D 9 

Noteworthy Diseases, (continued) 

Organism Host 

(1{11212P 0 I. 

Remarks 

Hypodermella ampla (J. J. Davis) 

Dearn. 

Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad. ex Fr.) jP 

Chev. 

Marssonina populi (Lib.) Magn. tA 

Melampsora sp. 

Melampsora medusae Thum. tL 

Melampsorella caryophyllacearum bF 

Schroet. 

Nothophacidium abietinellum (Dearn.) bF 

Reid & Cain 

Peridermium sp. scP, 

Phomopsis plantanoidis (Cooke) Died. sM 


:JP 

bPo 

tA 

Pockets of light to medium 

infection in Chapleau, 

Gogama, Sault Ste. Marie, 

and Sudbury districts. 

Light infection in White 

River and Chapleau districts. 

Heavy infection in northern 

part of the Gogama District. 

Willow in the White River, 

Chapleau , and Sudbury 

districts infected in all 

degrees of severity; fruiting 

was also observed on single 

tA leaves at 2 points in 

the western part of the 

Chapleau District. 

Light fruiting on foliage 

in Hunt and Bryant twps., 


Witches' brooms throughout 

the White River and Sault 

Ste. Marie districts were 

associated with this rust. 

Varying degrees of infection 

by this fungus at several 

points in the White River 

and Chapleau districts. 

Common along the North 

Channel, Sault Ste. Marie 

District, in association 

with stands of red oak. 

Roadside reproduction in 

DeGaulle Twp. , Chapleau 

District displayed extensive 

flagging and twig mortality 

resulting from the galls 

of this pathogen. 

Canker on regeneration in 

decadent sM stands in the 

northern part of Division 30, 

Sault Ste. Marie District. 

Light to medium infections 

of regeneration at numerous 

locations throughout the 

central region.

D 

Noteworthy Diseases, (continued) 


Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth. bF Light infections at 

scattered points in White 

River, Sault Ste. Marie, 

Chapleau, and Gogama 

districts. 

Rehmiellopsis balsamea Waterman bF 

Occasional balsam fir 

severely infected at 

several locations in 

Division 72, Gogama 

District. 

Rhytisma punctatum Pers. ex Fr. moM Recorded at several 

locations in White River 

and Gogama districts 

with a heavy infection 

in Brackin Twp., Chapleau 

District. 

Rhytisma salicinum Pers. ex Fr. W Heavy in Twp. G, Sudbury 

District, light at one 

location in the White 


Septoria musiva Pk. bPo Severe spotting and 

browning of foliage at 

two locations in the 


Taphrina cerasi (Fckl.) Sadeb. pCh Witches' brooms very 

common in clumps of roadside 

pin cherry up to 

4" d.b.h. in White River 

and Chapleau districts. 

White Pine Needle Blight wP Small pockets or single 

trees infested along the 

North Channel, Sault Ste, 

Marie District.

Diseases and Organisms of Forest Flora 

Organism 

Host(sl__ Remarks 

Exobasidium vaccinii Wor. 

Nyssopsora clavellosa (Berk.) Arth, Aralia 

Phragmidium sp. 

Phragmidium rubi-odorati Diet. 

Puccinia asteris Dully 

Puccinia bolleyana Sacc. 

Puccinia caricina D. C. 

Puccinia dioicae P. Magn. 

Puccinia coronata Cda. 

Blueberry 

Wild Rose 

Rubus 

Aster 

Elderberry 

Ribes 

Aster 

Buckthorn 

Puccinia porphyrogenita Curt. ex. Bunchberry 

Thum. 

Puccinia mesomajalis Berk. Clintonia 

& Curt. ex Pk. 

Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Dem. 

Puccinia violae (Schum.) D. C. 

Pucciniastrum potentillae 

Anemone 

Viola 

Cinquefoil 

Found at two locations in the 

Chapleau District in mature 

stands of trembling aspen or 

jack pine. 

Sporulating on foliage at 

several locations in White 

River and Chapleau districts;. 

mostly on fresh sites of 

trembling aspen. 

Foliage rust observed at 

widely scattered locations 

in White River and Chapleau 

districts, mostly shad 

suppressed s pecimens affected 

and on a variety of sites. 

Host infected in Hunt Twp., 


Occasional in White River, 

Chapleau, and Gogama districts 

on trembling aspen sites. 

Several pockets of heavy 

infection reported from 

Gogama District. 

Common in moist habitats, 

Chapleau District. 

Common wherever host is 

present, Chapleau District. 

Bright orange fruiting 

pustules on foliage of 

lakeshore and fringe alderleaf 

buckthorn; Gogama and 

Chapleau districts. 

Heavy infection at Rumsey's 

plantation, White River 

District. 

Occasional in White River 

and Chapleau districts, mainly 

in trembling aspen working 

groups. 

In association with Septoria 

anemones in mature jack pine 

stands, Chapleau District. 

Profuse fruiting on forest 

floor violet on good trembling 

aspen sites, Chapleau District. 

Wherever host occurs in 

mature jack pine stands in 

the Chapleau District.

D 12 

Diseases and. Organisms of Forest Flora 


Pucciniastrum pyrolae Shinleaf Fruiting on lower surface 

of leaves Fawn Twp., 

Chapleau District, on a 

variety of sites from fresh 

trembling aspen to dry 

jack pine. 

Pucciniastrum vaccinii Blueberry Collected in trembling aspen 

group, Chapleau District. 

Septoria anemones 

Anemone In association with Puccinia 

recondita in mature jack pine 

stand, Chapleau District. 

Tranzschelia anemones Anemone 

Collected at Rumsey°s plantation 

White River District, 

commonly found in early spring 

in jack pine stands, Chapleau 

District. 

Typhula sp. Bearberry New record, good jack pine 

site, Chapleau District, 

profuse fruiting on lower 

surface of leaves.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE SAULT STE. MARIE DISTRICT 

Green-striped Mapleworm 

Tortricid on Oak •• 



White Pine Shoot Borer 

Aspen Blotch Miner 


Western Tent Caterpillar 




Bruce Spanworm 

Pine Bark Aphid 

Leaf Rollers on Aspen 

Northern Pine Weevil. 

Anisota rubicunda (Fabr.) 


Coleophora laricella Hbn. 


Page 

1) 13 

D 13 

D 15 

D 14 

Eucosma gloriola Heinr. D 15 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. D 15 

Malacosoma americanum F, 1) 15 

Malacosoma pluviale Dyer D 16 

Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) D 16 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedi. D 17 

Neodiprion virginianus complex D 17 

Operophtera bruceata (Hulst.) D 17 

Pineus strobi (Htg.) 1) 17 

Pseudexentera sp. D 17 

Pissodes approximatus Hopk. D 17 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected D 18 

H. G. McPhee

Green-striped Mapleworm, Anisota rubicunda (Fabr.) 

D 

An aerial survey of Division 30 in June, disclosed what appeared to be decadent 

sugar maple in an area comprising approximately 10 acres in Township 31, Range XVIII 

near Buckshot Lake. Observations and sampling carried out in July and August revealed 

that the buds failed to burst in the spring but no insects or tree diseases that were 

considered responsible for the condition were found. Examination of cambial layers 

and crowns of the trees produced equally inconclusive results. 

further check of the area on September 10, however, revealed a heavy infestation 

of the green-striped mapleworm on foliage that had flushed during the summer. 

High populations of the insect apparently had occurred the previous year, since old 

pupal cases were found in the topsoil and litter. 

This infestation is of particular interest because of its location, namely, at 

the northern limit of the range of sugar maple and in a stand with a northern exposure. 

Detection in earlier years was hampered by inaccessability of the area and 

late larval development. Larvae were still feeding on September 10, and would have 

required at least an additional week to complete their development. The foliage of 

sugar maple had changed color in this area about September 3. In previous infestations 

in the southern part of the district, the larvae were active in July and 

August. 

The incidence of disease was very high in larval populations. A mass collection 

of 200 larvae was reared at the Laboratory to determine the extent of natural controls. 

Although no parasites were obtained, 94 per cent of the larvae died from disease 

during rearing. 

Although the cambium of the trunk of most trees was living most twigs in the 

crown were dead. It is probable therefore that this defoliation will be partially 

responsible for the mortality of sugar maple trees growing near the climatic limit 

of its range (see photograph). Surveys to assess host deterioration will continue 

in 1966. 

A Tortricid on Oak, Croesia semipurpurana Kft. 

Infestations were reduced to small scattered pockets in red oak stands in parts 

of Prince, Tarbutt Additional, and the City of Sault Ste, Marie. The probability 

of this decline was evidenced by a high incidence of larval mortality in 1964. Small 

groups of red oak trees were moderately defoliated along the Lake Huron shoreline 

' on Indian Reservation No. 12 near Thessalon. 


No significant change in population levels of this insect occurred in 1965. 

Numbers have been low for several years with slight fluctuations at sample points 

(Table 5)

D 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Larval Counts of the Larch Casebearer at Five Points 

in the Sault Ste. Marie District from 1963 to 1965 

Note: Counts were based on the examination 

sample trees at each point. 

of four 18-inch branch tips from four 

Location Av. d.b.h. of sample 

townshi trees in inches 

Av. no. of larvae er 18-inch branch ti 

1 6 1 6 1965 

Kirkwood 5 1.80 1.25 2.60 

Wells 3 2.00 1.15 2.25 

Parke 4 1.10 1.80 1.30 

Ryan 5 0.45 0.04 0.50 

Garden River I.R. 5 2.15 3.60 3.40 


Little change in the numbers or range of this insect has occurred in the past 

ten years. Larvae are found commonly in a narrow band approximately two townships 

in depth along the North Channel. Occasional larvae have been collected further 

inland, but generally the insect has not extended its range beyond this area. The 

sawfly favours the fringes of white spruce and black spruce stands or open-grown 

trees. Two generations occur annually, the first in late June or early July and 

a second in September. A wide range in development in the second generation results 

in many larvae failing to reach the prepupal stage before being killed by autumn 

frosts. Biotic control factors and the failure of a high percentage of second 

generation larvae to complete development have combined to keep populations at a 

low level (Table 6). 

TABLE 6 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts on White Spruce Trees 

in the Sault Ste. Marie District in September 1964 and 1965 




Av, no. larvae er tray sample 


Bright 

Wells 

Kirkwood 

Garden River I. R. 

22 0.5 0.40 

9 2.0 0.10 

20 0.4 1.50 

5 1.8 1.10

D 5 

White Pine Shoot Borer s Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 

A general decline in numbers of this insect was evident in 1965 (Table 7). 

Infested shoots were observed commonly in red pine and jack pine plantations, while 

attacks on Scots and white pine were rarely found. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Damage by the White Pine Shoot Borer in the 

Sault Ste. Marie District in 1964 and 1965 

Location Host 

township species 

Av. height of No. infested trees per No. infested leaders 

sample trees per 100-tree sample per_ 100-tree 

in feet 16 1'6 1964 1965 

Haughton jP 7 38 11 

Parkinson 

34 9 

(Bell's jP 8 38 19 36 16 

Falls) 

Parkinson 

(Constance jP 9 26 31 26 28 

Lake) 

Bridgland jP 6 34 7 33 7 

Aspen Blotch Miner s Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. 

Small pockets of heavy infestation persisted on the fringe of young stands and 

in regeneration in recently clear cut areas. An exceptionally heavy infestation 

occurred on young aspen understory in a high-pruned and thinned red pine plantation 

in Kirkwood Township. The percentage of mined leaves in ten samples from representative 

infestations ranged from 61 to 92 per cent and averaged 83 compared with 

73 per cent in 1964. 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar , Maosoma americanum F. 

Sharp increases in the numbers of this insect occurred in 1965. Medium to 

heavy infestations prevailed in a narrow band along the North Channel from Echo Bay 

east to the Serpent River (Table 8). 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts at Eight Points 

in the Sault Ste. Marie District in 1964 and 1965 

(township) 

Sample Unit 

No. of tents 


Cobden 1 mile of roadside 

C77:7 

38 

Scarfe 32 

" 

Thompson 4 17 

" 

Spragge 13 21 

Gould square chain plot 9 13 

Plummer 

1 mile of roadside 11 

16 

Rose 

" 

18 

23 

Wells 

Of 

11 19

D 16 

Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma pluviale Dyar. 

A general upward trend in population levels continued in 1965 (Table 10). Small 

pockets of medium to heavy infestation occurred in 4E, 5E, 6E, and Gaudette townships. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts at Seven Points 

in the Sault Ste. Marie District in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

township 

No. o tents 

1 6 

er mile of roadside 

3D 9 7 

5E 11 13 

4E 13 16 

6E 8 11 

4D 20 

Gaudette 22 15 

Rose 16 14 


A further increase in area and intensity of infestations of this sawfly occurred 

in 1965 (Table 11). Small pockets of heavy infestation occurred on red pine plantings 

in the three-to six-foot height class in the townships of Gladstone, Bright, Day, 

Thessalon, Bridgland, and Plummer. Red pine shelterbelts up to 15 feet in height 

at several points along Highway 17 between Desbarats and Cutler were severely defoliated. 

A new heavy infestation occurred on a young red pine plantation in the 

Garden River Indian Reserve. Chemical control measures were applied in this area 

by the Department of Indian Affairs with satisfactory results. Moderate to severe 

defoliation of individual trees occurred where feeding had advanced before application 

of insecticide, however, in general, serious defoliation in the stand was 

averted in 1965. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts and Defoliation 

Estimate at Six Points in the Sault Ste. Marie District in 1965 

Av. ht. of 

Location Host sample trees 

township species in feet 

Percentage 

of trees 

infested 

Av. no. 

colonies 

per infested 

tree 

Per cent 

defoliation 

of infested 

trees 

Gladstone rP 7 72 12 75 

Thompson rP 13 68 21 80 

Cobden rP 15 47 27 90 

Bridgland jP 10 5 1.3 5 

Bright rP 5 67 4.6 50 

Garden River 

I. R. rP 5 83 5 

* Defoliation incomplete due to spraying

D 17 


Increases in the numbers of this sawfly were recor dd in the Kirkwood Management 

Unit in 1963 and 1964. A medium infestation occurred in lots 10 to 12 in Concessions 

V and VI in Kirkwood Township in 1965. The infested stand was a 30-year-old red pine 

plantation, which had been thinned and high pruned, leaving an average crown length 

of twenty feet. An average of 25 larval colonies per tree in the stand caused 

moderate defoliation. Larval colonies were found very commonly on red pine and 

jack pine trees throughout the remainder of the Unit. 


Pockets of infestation which occurred in townships 4F and 5F in 1964 declined 

sharply and only scattered colonies were found in these areas in 1965. A general 

increase in numbers was evident through the south part of the district, and was 

particularly marked in Gaudette, Bridgland, and Curtis townships. 

Bruce Spanworm, Operophtera bruceata (Hulst.) 

Severe defoliation of sugar maple occurred on hilltops and ridges in the 

townships of Kincaid, Ryan, Palmer, 26, 27 0 and 28 Range XII and XIII. The defoliation 

was first observed during aerial surveys on June 18. Ground checks were 

carried out on June 21 but by this time larvae had completed feeding. Adults which 

emerged from pupae collected from the soil and duff in the infested area confirmed 

that O. bruceata had caused the defoliation. 

Pine Bark Aphid, Pineus strobi (Htg.) 

This aphid occurred in very small numbers in white pine stands in the Kirkwood 

Management Unit where heavy infestations had persisted between 1962 and 1964. 

Chemical control measures undertaken in 1964 (Information Report, Forest Insect and 

Disease Survey, Sault Ste. Marie District 1964) in the more heavily infested stands, 

were no doubt largely responsible for the sharp decline. 

Leaf Rollers on Aspen, Pseudexentera sp. 

Small pockets of medium to heavy defoliation occurred in aspen stands in the 

south half of Divisions 36, 65, and 66. Larvae were observed commonly on fringe 

and open-grown trees throughout the remainder of the district. A complex of 

species was involved, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. being the predominant species. 


High populations of this weevil on red pine in the Kirkwood and Searchmont 

Management Units are associated with the fungus Scleroderris lagerbergii Gremmen. 

Young trees which have been weakened by the disease provide attractive brood sites 

and the weevil damage hastens the death of infected trees.

D 18 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Sault Ste. Marie District 


Hosttql__ 

Remarks 

Adelges abietis Linn, wS 


Adelges strobilobius Kalt. 


Archips cerasivoranus Fitch ecCh 

Antheraea polyphemus Cram. Se, rM 

wS 

bS 

wB 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. wB 

Calosoma frigidum Kby. Ground 

Choristoneura pinus Free. scP, jP 


Dioryctria zimmermani Grt. 

Eacles imperialis pini Mitchener 

Eucosma tocullionana Heinr. and 

other cone insects 




Gonioctena americana (Schaeff,) 

bF 

jP 

rP, wP 

wP cones 

bF, wS 

wB 

Al 

tA 

Small pockets heavy on under 

story in twps. 2F and 4F. 

Small pockets heavy on under 

story in twps. 2F and 4F. 

Small pockets heavy infestation 

in Parkinson Twp. 

Light infestation on open-grown 

clumps of trees in Garden River 

I. R. 

Clumps medium to heavy infestation 

on old field type along 

North Channel. 

Unusually high population on 5' 

acre area, Jocelyn Twp. 

One pocket heavy infestation 

along Lake Superior in Ley and 

Kars twps. 

Very numerous in forest tent 

caterpillar and Bruce spanworm 

infestation. Predaceous insect. 

Larvae collected occasionally 

St. Joseph's Island. Unusually 

heavy adult moth flight in city 

of Sault Ste. Marie. 

Small pockets of infestation 

understory trees, North Channel 

area. 

Larvae collected from lower 

stems of partially windthrown 

trees in Searchmont Unit. 

Larvae unusually numerous on 

highway shelterbelts in Thompson 

Twp. 

Cone crop heavily infested in 

area along North Channel. 

Larvae found very frequently in 

beating samples. 

Heavy infestations on ornamental 

or open-grown young trees. 

Light infestations on trees 

along streams in south part of 

the district. 

Moderate defoliation in small 

pockets on fringe regeneration 

in Kirkwood Management Unit.

D 19 




Lambdina fiscellaria 

fiscellaria Gn. 

Melissopus latiferreanus Wlshm. 

Monoctenus fulvus (Mort.) 





Phyllocolpa sp. 


Pineus floccus Patch 

Pineus similis Gill. 

Rhabdophaga strobiloides (Walsh) 




Schizura concinna A. & S. 


wE, Al, 

ecCh, wB 

eC, wS, bF 

Beech 

eC 

bF, wS 

jP 

wP 

wE, W 

to 

wB 

bS 

wS 

wS, bS 

rP 

JP 

W, wAp, wB 

jP 

Colonies found more frequently 

than in past two years. One 

small pocket light infestation 

in Curtis Twp. 

Larvae collected frequently in 

beating samples. 

Beech nut crop heavily infested 

in south part Jocelyn Twp. 

First survey record. 

Slight increase in population 

levels on St. Joseph's Island. 

Sharp decline in 1965. Insects 

very scarce. 

Decline in Haughton Twp. 

Larvae generally scarce in 

district. 

Small pockets light infestation 

in Gaudette and Haughton 

tps. 

Occurred more frequently than 

in past years. 

Small pockets of light to 

medium infestation on young 

fringe trees. 

Lowest level in recent years. 

Occasional leaf mines observed. 

Pockets of heavy infestation 

on understory in Gaudette Twp. 

Pockets of heavy infestation on 

understory in 2F and 4F twps. 

Heavy infestation at Tenby Bay, 

Jocelyn Twp. 

Population level low; occasional 

infested buds observed. 

Two small pockets of infestation 

Meredith Twp. 35 per cent 

trees infested Jocelyn Twp. 46 

per cent infested. 

Light infestations Haughton and 

Bridgland tps. 

Larval colonies found very 

frequently in Johnson, Thessalon, 

and Twp. 175. 

Population decline to very low 

level; larvae collected infrequently.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE SUDBURY DISTRICT 




Waite Pine Shoot Borer 

Miner Birch Leaf 










Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly 

Poplar Leaf Roller 

European Pine Shoot Moth 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects.... 

Choristoneura pinus Free. D 20 

Diprion Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) D 20 

hercyniae (Htg.) D 20 

Eucosma gloriola Heinr. D 21 

Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) D 21 


Malacosoma americanum (F.) D 21 

Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar) D 22 

Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) D 22 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. D 23 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. D 23 

Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) D 24 


Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) D 24 

Pleroneura borealis Felt D 24 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. D 25 

Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) D 25 

D 25 

J. R. McPhee


D 

A sharp increase in population levels of this insect occurred in 1965. Pockets 

of medium infestation were observed in jack pine stands on Cloche Island and in Nairn 

Township. Light infestations were recorded in Rathbun, Aylmer, Harmer, Moncreiff, 

and Hart townships. Small numbers of larvae were found in most of the jack pine 

stands examined in the district. 


Population levels of this insect were similar to those reported in the past 

three years except in Hallam Township where sampling revealed a small increase in 

numbers (Table 5). 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Larval Counts of the Larch Casebearer 

in the Sudbury District from 1963 to 1965 

Note: Counts are based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips from four 

trees at each location. 

Location Av. d.b.h. or trees AV. no. or larvae per is-inch branch 

(township) in inches in 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Dill 4 3.0 4.1 4.0 

Hallam 4 3.0 2.5 5.5 

Cascaden 3 1.0 3.0 0.5 

Delamere 3 0.8 0.5 0.7 


Surveys revealed declines in population levels of this insect in the western 

and central parts of the district in 1965. In contrast, numbers were much higher at 

sample points in the eastern part of the district and on Manitoulin Island than in 

1964 (Table 6). Although occasional larvae have been found in the northern half of 

the district in recent years, numbers have been consistently lower than further 

south. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts in September 

on White Spruce Trees in Sudbury District 


(township) in inches in 1965 

Total no. of larvae per 15-tray sample 

1963 1964 1965 

Hallam 8 25 15 3 

Billings 6 52 10 28 

Salter 8 23 17 4 

Denison 6 9 7 5 

Balfour 10 10 13 7 

Bigwood 8 12 140 205 

Hagar 5 16 4 50

D 21 


Population trends of this shoot-boring insect varied in 1965. For example, a 

marked decline in jack pine leader damage was evident at two sample points whereas 

increases occurred in others (Table 7). Shoot damage was generally light and 

mainly confined to jack pine. However, a few red pine trees in Burwash Township 

and small white pine trees in Hoskin Township were infected. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Terminal Shoot Damage by the White Pine Shoot Borer 

in Sudbury District from 1963 to 1965 

Note: 100 jack pine trees were examined at each location 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b,h, of trees 

in inches in 1965 

Per cen of leaders infested 

1963 1964 1965 

Merritt 2 10 8 13 

Hart 2 26 4 0 

119 3 14 2 6 

Norman 2 11 23 4 

Aylmer 2 0 1 


High population levels of this leaf miner persisted on open-grown white birch 

regeneration in several areas in 1965. Pockets of severe leaf damage recurred in 

the Sudbury area, along Highway 69 from Sudbury to the French River, along the 

Killarney Highway and in the Spanish River Reserve south, of Massey. Clumps of 

light-to-medium infestation occurred at several other locations in the southern part 

of the district. In the northern part of the district light leaf mining was observed 

only on small open-grown trees at a few points. 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella Cham. 

A marked decline in infestations of this leaf miner was observed in 1965. Only 

scattered groups of trembling aspen trees were heavily infested where extensive areas 

of heavy infestation had persisted for four consecutive years. Numerous pockets 

of light infestation occurred elsewhere in the northern part of the district. The 

insect was rarely found in the southern part of the district. 

Parasitism was extremely high in areas where heavy infestation persisted. 

Examination of pupae revealed that more than 90 per cent of the insects had been 

parasitized. A high degree of parasitism in 1964 was probably responsible for the 

decline in 1965. 


A further increase in population levels of this insect occurred in the southern 

part of the district except op Cloche and Manitoulin islands where infestations 

declined compared with 1964. The highest numbers of colonies were counted in Bigwood

Township in Division 70 and on islands in the North Channel south of Massey and 

Spanish (Table 7). As in 1964, the insect was most abundant near forest tent 

caterpillar infestations. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts on Host Shrubs 

in Sudbury District in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

Host 

V■11.11.11011.2.11.M1* 

am 1° Unit 

No. of colonies per sampling unit 

l6 l9 

65 

Bigwood Twp. pCh Sq, chain plot 27 40 

Bidwell Twp. cCh one mile of roadside 46 20 

Appleby Twp. pCh it PI " " 

10 24 

Hallam Twp. cCh 

" " " " 

16 10 

North Channel Ribes Sq. chain plot 

CISSI 

40 

so 

Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar) 

This insect increased in abundance in the northeastern part of the district in 

1965. Tents were more numerous than in 1964 on pin cherry and small white birch 

along roadsides through the Poupore Lumber Company Limits north of Wanapitei Lake 

and in the Capreol area. The sharp decline in the number of colonies at a sample 

point in G Township probably resulted from road-widening operations that destroyed 

a large proportion of the host species (Table 8). 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts in Sudbury 


Location 

No. of colonies per sampling unit 

unit 1964 1965 

Telfer 1 mile of roadside 5 10 

Capreol 1 mile of roadside 0 6 

G 1 mile of roadside 8 2 


Little change in the status of this sawfly was observed compared with 1964. 

Clumps of heavy infestation recurred in a 75-acre red pine plantation on Cockburn 

Island, in windbreaks along Highway 17 near Webbwood and in a 2-acre plantation in 

the Spanish River Reserve south of Massey. Defoliation approximated 75 to 100 

per cent on infested trees ranging from 2-to--8 feet in height. Scattered trees 

that were stripped of foliage in these areas in 1964 died in 1965. Elsewhere in 

the district single larval colonies occurred on red pine at several widely-separated 

points. Counts of larval colonies are summarized in Table 9.

D 

TABU. 9 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts on Red Pine 

in Sudbury District in 1964 and 1965 

No. of trees 

Av. height 

of trees in 

No. of trees 

infested 

Av, no. of colonies 


Location examined feet in 1 6 196 16. 1964 1965 

Cockburn Island 100 4 50 50 2 3 

Hallam Township 10 8 8 10 5 8 

Spanish River Reserve 50 4 25 37 2 2.7 

Salter Township 100 3 3 0 1 0 

Red Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

A further increase in abundance of this insect occurred in most of the district 

in 1965. Light infestations persisted in jack pine stands on Cloche Island, in 

Nairn, Rathbun, and Hanmer townships and in parts of a red pine plantation at Nairn. 

Light-to-moderate defoliation of scattered red pine trees was observed at several 

points in the northwestern part of the district and northeast of Wanapitei Lake in 

Norman and Parkin townships. Elsewhere in the district pockets of light defoliation 

occurred more frequently than in 1964 (see map). 

The most noteworthy increase in numbers occurred on Cloche Island where 90 per 

cent of the larval colonies examined were N. nanulus nanulus Schedl, compared with 

about 50 per cent in 1964 (see account on N. pratti banksianae Roh.) 


This sawfly occurred on jack pine in many parts of the district as shown on the 

accompanying map. Pockets of moderate to severe defoliation of exposed trees persisted 

along lakeshores and roads in the K.V.P. West Branch Spanish River Limits 

and in the Onaping and Wanapitei lake areas. However, defoliation inside stands 

was negligible. Elsewhere in the district pockets of light infestation or scattered 

larval colonies occurred commonly. 

As in recent years, two other sawfly species, N. nanulus nanulus and N. pratti 

paradoxicus were generally found in association with N. pratti banksianae. A 

summary of larval colony counts shown in Table 10 includes all three species. 

TABLE 10 

Colony Counts of Jack Pine Sawflies on Ten Jack Pine Trees 

at Each of Five Locations in Sudbury District 

From 1962 to 1965 

Location 

Av, d.b.h. of trees Ày0 no, of colonies per tree 

in inches in 1965 1962 1963 1964 1965 

Hanmer Township 4 15 25 3.0 2.4 

Nairn " 8 5.5 5.2 6.0 6.0 

Rathbun 4 2.4 1.0 0.3 0.8 

Cloche Island 4 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.5 

Shakwa Lake 6 5.5 6.0 3.5 3.8

European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) 

D 

This sawfly was accidently introduced to North America from Europe at least 

40 years ago. It was found near Windsor in 1939 and gradually spread northeastward 

across southern. Ontario, and northward to the Bruce Peninsula. The discovery of 

the insect on Manitoulin Island in 1965 represented the first known distribution 

record in northern Ontario. 

Heavy infestations occurred in two Scots pine Christmas tree plantations. 

These were located in Dawson Township on the western end of the island where 40 

per cent of the trees in a 10-acre plantation were infested and in a 10-acre 

plantation near Mindemoya in Carnarvon Township where 95 per cent of the trees were 

infested. Defoliation of infested trees was generally moderate-to-severe, particularly 

on the fringes of the plantations (see photograph). 

Records show that the favoured hosts of this sawfly in Ontario are Scots and 

red pine. However, scattered jack pine growing adjacent to these species have 

been severely defoliated in southwestern Ontario. A further northward spread of 

infestations would establish the insect in extensive merchantable stands of jack 

pine. Although it is not known whether it would reach infestation proportions in 

such stands, this possibility is a matter of grave concern. Therefore it is expected 

that the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests and the Canada Department of Forestry 

co-operatively will attempt the containment of this sawfly on Manitoulin Island in 

1966, through biological and chemical control. At time of writing final arrangements 

are 


A general increase in population levels of this sawfly occurred on jack pine 

in the district in 1965. An unusually heavy infestation persisted in a small plantation 

in Burpee Township on Manitoulin Island where an average of 28.5 colonies per 

tree was counted on 10 trees averaging 20 feet in height New pockets of heavy 

infestation occurred near Burnt Island and on a windbreak along Highway 17 near 

Webbwood where 6.5 colonies per tree were counted on 10 trees averaging 15 feet in 

height. In the remainder of the district colonies were observed more frequently 

than in recent years. 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis Roh. 

Population levels remained about the same as in 1964. moderate-to-severe 

defoliation. of small scattered white spruce trees occurred in plantations on' 

Cockburn Island, in Burpee Township on Manitoulin Island, and in Merritt and 

Burwash townships. Elsewhere in the district, individual white and black spruce 

trees along roads and lakeshores and in old fields suffered light to severe 

defoliation. 


In accord with the biennial occurrence of this insect, population levels were 

much lower in the district than in 1964. Thus, counts of damaged shoots were 

negative at all but two sample points (Table 11).

SUDBURY DISTRICT 

MULL mar°. 

®, 

&MKS SIEUZY 

isITZ:=GTZGEIM 

1215121:11=1:32:: 

1111111=21=11E1115=1:: 

1111111=1:1=112112 .:;s1rMan 

11111 1:1021MIZNe-Mil 

- 21111:=Z=M1=151= 

LICIEC22121111=i0rig 

Alf 

0r1111172121111MVOT-74:11111 

MZEICIF 

EiRcumusraz= 

Av .Hztorfry,:, com=1:3 

MS.ItZgagzo- 

40, 

MILES 

0 20 40 

RED PINE SAWFLY 

Locations where pockets of infestation 


Legend 

Light infestation (1)

SUDBURY DISTRICT 

as 

STILL ELLS 

SAE& 

12[1:11:1=1=1: 

nonmatillan 

goffewargromancrean 

gum 

0 MIT=MIPMENCI 

El 6AMIZMPE12310 

®0 

commamastowligommo 

oulaszcznimmtimmita 

=5112740111:121== 

15.-mrmcm= 

ems= 

4ge71 

SWIGS MILEY • 

4"; " m 07smilleira=r 

N 

0 

1111111k 

MILES 

4r 

BLACK—HEADED JACK PINE SAWFLY 

Locations where pockets of infestation 


Legend 


Heavy infestation •

TABLE 11 

Summary of Balsam-fir Shoot-boring Sawfly Counts 

in Sudbury District from 1963.to 1965 

Location 

township 

Av, d.b.h. of trees 

in inches in 16 

Per cent of shoots mined 

l6 196 196 

Bigwood 3 1.0 24.5 0.0 

Secord 2 1.9 5.3 0.0 

Salter 3 0.0 1.7 0.0 

Hallam 

3 0.5 13.7 4.0 

Moncreiff 3 7.0 11.5 0.9 

A. 4 1.8 2.4 0.0 

1117. 

Mills 3 5.6 0.0 

Poplar Leaf Roller, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

This leaf roller was abundant for the fourth consecutive year, particularly in 

the southern half of the district where moderate-to-severe defoliation occurred at 

many points. The heaviest infestations occurred in Hallam, Secord, and Balfour 

townships where up to 90 per cent defoliation was observed. In the northern part 

of the district and on Manitoulin Island infestations were generally light. 

European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) 

The heavy infestation reported in a small red pine plantation in Mills Township 

on Manitoulin Island for the past three years declined to light intensity in 1965 

and the insect occurred in small numbers in Burpee Township. A heavy infestation 

persisted in a larger red pine plantation on Cockburn Island for the fourth consecutive 

year. The insect has not been found elsewhere in the district. 

TABLE 12 


in Sudbury District 


Acrobasis betulella Hlst. 


Adelges lariciatus Patch 


Anisota rubicunda Fabr. 

Anomoea laticlavia Frost 


Host ) 

wB 

wS 

ecCh 

bS 

sM 

cCh 

Remarks 

Light infestation in Rayside Twp. 

Moderate to severe damage on 

small groups of trees. 

Light infestation on scattered 

trees. 

Pocket of light infestation in 

Attlee Twp. 

One colony found on Cockburn 

Island. 

Light defoliation of shrubs in 

Burpee Twp. 

Clumps of heavy infestation in 

Victoria and Baldwin twps.

D 26 



Host 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. wB 



bF, wS 

bF 

Datana ministra Dru. wB, Ap 

Dioryctria abietivorella Grt. wS 

Disonycha alternata Ill. 

Epinotia cruciana Linn. 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. wB 


Exoteleia pinifoliella Cham. 

Fen sa dohrnii (Tischb.) 

Gonioctena americana Schaef. 




Leucanthiza dircella Braun 


tA 

jP 

Al 

tA 

I 

E 

Leatherwood 


Nematus spp. tA 


Hybrid Po 


bF 

Neodiprion maurus Rohwer 


Ross 

eC 

iP 

iP 

Infestations virtually disappeared, 

light skeletonizing at Sudbury 

and Onaping Lake. 

Found in small numbers. 

Pockets of light infestation on 

reproduction. 

Single colonies. 

Light infestation in cones on 

scattered trees. 

Severe defoliation of shrubs in 

Laura Twp. 

Heavy infestation on shrubs in 

Servos Twp. 

Individual or small groups of 

trees suffered light to severe 

damage. 

Pockets of heavy infestation in 

Moncrieff and Graham twps. 

Pockets of light needle mining. 

Light leaf mining at scattered 

points. 


of aspen reproduction in Twp. 

131, scattered colonies at 

other locations. 

Heavy infestation on scattered 

trees in Tehkummah and Allan 

twps; light in Burwash Twp. 

One tree heavily infested in 

Assiginack Twp. 

Single colonies in Hallam Twp. 

and on Cockburn Island. 

Severe leaf mining on understory 

shrubs on Cockburn Island. 

Found only on Manitoulin Island 

Where sampling in Billings and 

Robinson twps. showed totals of 

5 and 16 larvae respectively on 

15 beating mat samples at each 

point. 

One colony found in Jennings Twp. 

See Phyllocolpa spp. 

One colony found in Burpee Twp. 

Infestation on Manitoulin Island 

virtually disappeared, only 

one colony found. 

One colony found in Burpee Twp. 

Scattered colonies found in 

association with N. nanulus nanulus 

and N. pratti banksianae.

D 27 



Neodiprion swainei Midd. 

Nycteola frigidana Wlk. 

Nymphalis antiopa Linn. W, tA, E 

Operophtera bruceata Hlst. sM, r0 , I 

Pikonema dimmockii (Cress.) wS 

Phyllocolpa spp. (leaf-folding tA 

sawfly) 




Sternochaetus lapathi (Linn.) 

jP 

wB 

Pseudexentera cressoniana Clem. r0 

Pterocomma populifoliae (Fitch) 

tA 

Recurvaria thujaella Kft. eC 





Trisetacus alborum Keifer 

wS, bS 

jP, scP 

jP 

Po, Ch, W, Ap 

W 

jP 

rP, wP 

Light infestation persisted on 

small island in Onaping Lake 

where average of 6 colonies 

per tree counted on 10 trees 

averaging 3 inches d.b.h. 

Clumps of heavy infestation at 

several points. 

Scattered colonies at widely 

separated points. 


on Great Duck Island. 

Small numbers found in beating 

map samples. 

Medium-to-heavy infestation on 

clumps of trembling aspen reproduction 

on Manitoulin Island. 

Pockets of light infestation at 

many other points. 

Severe damage on one tree in 

Burpee Twp., scarcely found 

elsewhere. 

Light leaf mining observed 

frequently throughout the 

district. 


trees in Secord Twp., light in 

Struthers Twp. 


pockets of reproduction in the 

Wanapitei Lake area. 

Light leaf mining at scattered 

locations. 

Infested buds found in small 

numbers at numerous points, 

counts of damaged buds negative 

t sample points. 

ght infestation in small scP 

plantation in Delamere Twp., 

average of 4.5 infested shoots 

per tree counted on 10 trees 

averaging 3 ft. in height. 

Sharp declines in population 

levels, only small numbers 

found. 

Scattered colonies observed. 

Severe damage to scattered 

shrubs in McKim and Secord 

twps. 

Single trees heavily infested 

in Cascaden and Cosby twps. 

Occasional trees heavily 

infested in Servos Twp.

D 28 



Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana Ratz. wS 


ir 

Clumps of open-grown trees 

heavily infested in Cosby and 

Balfour twps. and on Manitoulin 

Island. 

Pockets of light infestation at 

several points.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE CHAPLEAU DISTRICT 

Page 

Birch Skeletonizer Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. D 29 

Larch Casebearer Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) D 29 

A Scolytid Beetle of Jack Pine .. Conophthorus sp. D 29 

American Poplar Leaf Beetle Gonioctena americana (Schaeff.) D 29 

Aspen Blotch Miner Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. D 29 

Western Tent Caterpillar Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar) D 31 

Red-pine Sawfly Neodiprion nanulus nanulus (Schedl.) D 31 

Black-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Neodiprion pratti banksianae (Roh.) D 32 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Neodiprion virginianus complex D 32 

A Leaf Folding Sawfly Phyllocolpa sp. D 33 

Balsam Shoot boring Sawfly Pleroneura borealis Felt. D 33 

Alder Woolly Aphid Prociphilus tesselatus (Fitch) D 33 

Amber marked Birch Leaf Miner Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) D 34 

A Leaf Roller on Aspen Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. D 34 

Pine Tip Moth Rhyacionia adana Heinrich D 34 

Pine Tortoise Scale Toumyella numismaticum P. & M. D 34 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected D 35 

Deter Ropke

D 29 

Birch Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. 

The outbreak of the birch skeletonizer which was widespread in 1963 and 1964 

declined in extent in 1965. Pockets of heavy infestation were observed in Peters 

and Cosens townships along Highway 101 and in Benton Township near the Wakami. River. 

Understory birch was most seriously defoliated at these locations. Medium infestations 

occurred on white birch stands in Leeson and Brackin townships near Misnaibi 

Lake. 

Larch Casebearer, Coleophora laricella .) 

Numbers of this casebearer increased in 1965. In Chapleau Township a count of 

12.5 larvae per 18 inch branch tip in one stand of mature tamarack was the highest 

recorded in recent years. 

The parasite Agathis pumila (Ratz.) killed 31 per cent of the larvae in a 

sample from this area. The insect occurred in small numbers in Hoey Township and 

northeast of Little Wakami Lake in Township 10A. 

A Scolytid Beetle of Jack Pine, Conophthorus sp. 

High numbers of this twig borer occurred in 1963 but declined sharply in 1964. 

A further reduction in numbers was evident in 1965 (Table 5). 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Damage by Conophthorus sp. on Jack Pine Trees 

in the Chapleau District from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

(township) 

Av. height 

in feet 

Total no. of dama:ed shoots on ten trees 

196 1964 1965 

Panet 17 56 37 5 

28 16 81 19 13 

11B 21 161 14 0 

12F 17 243 27 2 

Halsey 16 251 37 8 

11G 15 - 20 0 

American Poplar Leaf Beetle, Gonioctena americana (Schaeff.) 

Little change in numbers was observed. The favoured host was trembling aspen 

reproduction adjacent to mature stands. Moderate defoliation occurred at the north 

end of D'Arcy Lake in D'Arcy Township and eight foot reproduction on a silty lowlying 

clearing in Borden Township was completely defoliated by this gregarious 

feeder. 

Occasionally reproduction in well-stocked mature stands of trembling aspen 

supported high numbers of larvae but damage was confined to suppressed growth. 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. 

Heavy infestations of aspen blotch miner have persisted on trembling aspen

D 30 

reproduction in the district since 1.959. Conspicuous discolouration of the foliage 

was observed at numerous locations in the central and southern parts of the district 

particularly in Chewett, Cochrane, Chapleau, 12F, 9E, Joffre, and Margaret townships. 

Small numbers were observed in. the remainder of the district. 

One hundred leaves were examined at each of nine sampling stations to determine 

the degree of infestation and the number of mines per infested leaf. The results 

are summarized in. Table 6. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Aspen Blotch Miner Counts in the Chapleau District 


Note Counts location. were based on examination of 100 leaves from three trees at each 

Cochrane 6 16 84 

12F 90 96 93 

Manning 8 6 4 

Fawn 97 14 

Osway 81 67 

14 

9D – – 27 

10C 5 19 51 

Halsey 64 

Stover 6 

0,06 0.19 2.62 

9.32 4.71 2.59 

0.09 0.06 0.04 

6.81 0.15 0.15 

10.17 2.82 0,15 

0.34 

0.05 0.42 1.16 

2.41 

0.08 

All mines in each sample were examined to assess larval mortality and moth 

emergence. In most cases no more than 4 per cent, of the miners reached the adult 

stage. The results of the a- are shown in Table 7. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of First Instar Larval Mortality and Adult Emergence 

of the Aspen Blotch Miner in the Chapleau District 



Total 

no, of mines *No, of dead first 

n sample a larvae No, of emerged adults 

Cochrane 262 77 0 

12F 259 51 10 

Manning 

11 0 

Osway 15 0 

9D 34 8 0 

100 116 4 

Halsey 241 31 3 

Stover 8 4 0 

Mines up to 3 

diameter.

D 31 


Quantitative samples in the district revealed a decline in population levels 

of about 40 per cent. Pin cherry was the preferred host but some white birch and 

willow were infested (see photograph). Fluctuations in numbers of this caterpillar 

are shown in Table 8. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Larval Colony Counts per Measured Mile 


Location 

township. 

Number of tents per mile of roadside 

196 196 196 

Manning 13 9 5 

*L 12 8 2 

Panet 6 6 5 

8D 7 21 4 

Chewett 34 12 5 

Blarney 16 0 5 

Floranna 32 26 

*Site disturbed by roadbuilding operations in late 1964. 

Red—pine Sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus (Schedl.) 

Little change in numbers of this insect has occurred in recent years (Table 9). 

Larvae were collected commonly in the central part of the district, particularly 

along the Chapleau River within 15 miles of Highway 101 (see map). The medium 

infestation that occurred on red pine around Biscotasing Lake in 1964 subsided in 

1965. 

The insect was found almost exclusively on jack pine, the most abundant pine 

species in the Chapleau District. However, single colonies occurred on fringe red 

pine trees in Arden and D townships. Defoliation was light throughout the district. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Red—pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts 


Location 

(township) 

Host 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Av. no, of colonies per tree 

1963 1964 1962 

Panet jP 8 0.2 0.1 2.1 

Chapleau jP 2 0.3 0.1 1. 5 

McPhail rP 2 1.4 

Gallagher jP 8 0 0 0 .6

D 32 

Black-headed Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti banksianae (Roh.) 

Two centres of infestation were observed in 1965. The upper crowns of jack 

pine trees in the Mozhabong Lake area were severely defoliated for the fourth consecutive 

year and a light infestation persisted along the Chapleau River in D'Arcy 

Township. Scattered colonies were observed in several townships in the southern part 


The preferred hosts were jack pine trees along river banks and on rocky, exposed 

sites. 


Larval colonies of this sawfly were commonly collected at 18 locations south 

of a line running from the settlement of Missanabie in the northwestern part of 

the district to Brutus Township on the Wrong Lake Road (see map). Observations in 

the district as a whole indicated that an increase in population levels occurred 

in 1965. However, the number of colonies recorded at permanent sampling stations 

declined (Table 10). 

In a small area near the Wakami River jack pine reproduction was stripped of 

old foliage and pockets of light infestation occurred at the north end of Biscotasing 

Lake in Smuts Township. Individual trees were severely defoliated in the 

central part of the district notably in Chapleau and 13G townships. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts 


Note: Ten trees having a d.b.h. of 1" to 3" were examined at each location. 

46 0.1 0. 4 0.2 

Brutus 0.3 

Panet 0.1 0 0 

28 0.2 0 0 

12F 0 0.6 0 

11D 0. 1 0 0 

11G 0.2 

Wakami 1.7 0.8 

4WD 

9E 1.0 

Margaret DUD VDD 

1.8

CHAPLEAU DISTRICT 

MILDRED 

24 I 23 

ril 

PfaRS I 35 

e pe- - r _ 

; MP" mew I 

PINE SAWFLIES 

4012111111=1:1 

mzoi 

Locations where four species of pine sawflies 


=In= 

ESTHER 

EDITH 

ZIP 

araMia 

171111111211M e 

WIMIZELCIM 

CORTEZ 

1121111112 

GLADWIN111111111p 

ETHEL 

DURBAN ALTON ATHLONE 

DEN//E 

Legend 

Red-pine sawfly 

Red-headed jack-pine sawfly 

Black-headed jack-pine sawfly 

Swaine jack-pine sawfly 

e 

• 

(1) 

4:1 

MILES 

0 20 4,0

A Leaf Folding Sawfly, Phyllocolpa Sp 

Population levels of these sawflies increased in the district in 1965. Opengrown 

trembling aspen near Ramsay Creek in Arbutus Township and reproduction at the 

Spanish River Dam on Biscotasing Lake were heavily infested. Counts at most sample 

stations have shown an Upward trend since 1963 when numbers of the insect were 

extremely low in the district (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Leaf Folding Sawfly Counts in the Chapleau District 


Note: Counts were based on examination of 100 leaves from three trees at each 

location. 

Location 

(township) 

Per cent of leaves folded 

1963 1964 1965 

10C 0 1 1 

Osway 0 1 3 

Fawn 1 

Manning 0 1 1 

Stover 0 1 5 

Halsey 0 0 7 

9D 0 2 4 

Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly, Pleroneura borealis Felt. 

This insect is normally abundant in alternate years. The decline for 1965 is 

shown in Table 12. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damage by the Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly 


Per cent of shoots 

Location Av. d.b.h. of sample No. of shoots 

infested 

(township) trees in inches examined 1963 1964 1965 

Borden 3 349 6.7 3.5 0.2 

32 2 369 4.3 '10.4 0 

12F 2 486 10.7 0.6 

Alder Woolly Aphid, Prociphilus tesselatus (Fitch) 

The waxy white secretions covering large colonies of aphids make this insect 

one of the most conspicuous. Heavy infestations were observed in the Flame Lake 

area of BE iand BD townships and near Memoir Lake in 11B Township. Medium infestations 

occurred at Zeph Lake in Blarney Township and along Angus Creek in Fawn 

Township. Growth infested by these sucking insects usually dies.

D 34 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

Little change in numbers of this leaf miner occurred in the district in 1965 

(Table 13). Medium infestations were noted in pockets of suppressed white birch 

in Brackin and Barclay townships in the northern part of the district. 

Location 

township) 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Damage to White Birch Foliage in the Chapleau District 


Av. height of sample 

trees in feet 


1963 1964 1965 

Leeson 13 3 1 2 

Garnet 16 3 1 0 

Nimitz 14 2 1 1 

8E 15 2 0 0 

A Leaf Roller on Aspen, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

Roadside reproduction and fringe trees in Division 29 were moderately infested 

by this leaf roller. High numbers of larvae were observed near Ramsay Creek in 

Arbutus Township. In Division 69 areas of light infestation were centered around 

Five Mile Lake in 11E Township, near Little Wenebegon Lake in 11C Township and at 

Horton Lake in Township 9E. 

Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia adana Heinrich 

A recent problem which developed in the Department of Lands and Forests' 

nursery in Chapleau was traced to this moth. Larvae were first collected in the 

district in 1959 and under forest conditions population levels remain low. An 

abundance of even-aged red pine in the seedbeds of the nursery provided a good 

environment for the insect and it became a serious pest in red pine seedbeds. 

Seven and one-half per cent of seedlings in fully-stocked seedbeds c taining 

3-0 red pine were infested. Seedbeds with 15 per cent and 10 per cent stocking 

suffered seedling damage of 21 per cent and 30 per cent respectively. 

After a period of feeding on tissue of the old foliage, the larvae attack the 

new shoots, and the buds are killed. Adventitious buds formed before autumn lack 

terminals and poorly formed seedlings result. After larval feeding the insect 

attaches itself to the root collar and spins a cocoon. A check of 100 infested 

seedlings in seedbeds with 10 per cent stocking in late summer revealed 172 

infested shoots and 159 cocoons attached to the root collars (see photograph). 

Damage to seedlings in adjacent fully-stocked jack pine seed beds was light. 

Pine Tortoise Scale, Toumyella numismaticum P. & M, 

This scale insect showed a significant increase in population levels in 1965. 

In Chapleau Township and Township 29 trees up to 5 inches d.b.h. were severely

D 35' 

attacked and a large area of jack pine regeneration up to two inches d.b.h. in 

Chewett Township was lightly infested. 

Groups of jack pine were heavily infested at numerous locations in the central 

part of the district and Division 29 (see photograph). Considerable twig mortality 

occurred at Kennedy Lake in Halsey Township and in McNaught, 11G, 11B, 9D, Smuts, 

and Jasper townships. 


in the Chapleau District in 1965 


Acleris variana (Fern.) wS Numbers have declined to a point 

where only occasional larvae 

were collected on beating tray 

samples. 

Adelges lariciatus (Patch) wS Gall aphids commonly found in 

small numbers throughout the 

district. 

Altica corni Woods Dogwood Heavy infestation along the 

Chapleau River. 

Aphrophora parallela (Say) jP Jack-pine reproduction on 

shallow sites lightly infested 

at Biscotasing Lake. 

Biston cognataria (Guen.) W Several larvae of this large 

looper collected in Brutus Twp. 

Byrrhus sp. rP Numerous pupae of this pill - 

beetle collected in 3-0 red pine 

nursery beds. 

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) bF, wS Numbers of the spruce budworm 

increased throughout the district 

although only small numbers of 

larvae were collected in beating 

samples at widely separated 

locations. 

Choristoneura pinus Free. jP Low numbers in Arden Twp. 

Chrysomela mainensis mainensis Al Light infestation on partially 

Behyne shaded alder associated with 

black ash in Twp. 46. 

Cimbex americana Leach 

Adults reported flying at high 

altitudes around 11G tower. 

Cinara strobi (Fitch) wP Heavy infestation of aphids in 

white pine plantation at Flame 

Lake and on reproduction along 

Highway 129 in Twp. 8D. 

Corythucha sp. bPo Regeneration in Twp. 28 heavily 

infested with lace bugs. 

Dasyneura balsamicola (Lintn.) bF Severe frost in the spring of 

1964 reduced numbers considerably, 

one light infestation occurred 

in Twp. D.

D 36 



Dichelonyx sp. 

Dimorphopteryx pinguis (Nort.) 

Epinotia corylana. McD. 



Eriophyes betulae Steb. 

Eriophyes populi N. 


Gracillaria cuculipennella (Hbn.) 

Gretchena semialba McD. 

Lithocolletis sp. 

Mindarus abietinus Koch 





tA, Al, W, Great numbers of metallic 

wB green leaf chafers everywhere 

in the district. 

wB This sawfly was present in 

small numbers wherever the 

host occurred. 

Al Heavy infestation on alder cones 

in Smuts Twp. 

W 

Heavy infestation in 11C Twp., 

few larvae at Prairie Bee L. in 

Cosens Twp. 

wB Light infestations were observed 

throughout Division 29, few 

larvae were collected in 

Cochrane Twp. in the, central 

part of the district. 

tA Light infestation of gall mites 

in McPhail Twp. 

tA Light infestations of gall 

mites in Arbutus, Hoey„ 8E, 

and Chewett twps. 

wS, bF Frequently found on beating 

mats in 12E, 32, and 11B twps. 

bAs Heavy infestation of leaf rollers 

in Cochrane Twp. along the 

Chapleau River. 

Al Light infestation in Wakami 

Twp., low numbers in 11C, 9C, 

and Smuts twps. 

bPo, W Light infestation of blotch 

miners on willow adjacent to 

trembling aspen heavily 

infested with Lithocolletis 

salicifoliella Chamb. 

bF Light balsam twig aphid. 

infestations in 12E and 

Wangoon twps. 

eC Lakeshore cedar infested, by 

the cedar sawfly at Biscotasing 

W 

Lake. 

Heavy sawfly infestation in 

Joffre Twp. 

bF Very low population levels of 

the balsam fir sawfly, occasional 

larvae found at two locations. 

jP Numerous colonies feeding on 

exposed jack pine at Biscotasing 

Lake in Smuts Twp. (see map).

D37 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Norma dietziana Kft. 

Nymphalis antiopa (L. 

Petrova albicapitana (Busck) 

Physokermes piceae Schr. 

Pikonema alaskensis Roh. 

Pristiphora lena Kincaid 

Pyrrhia exprimens Wlk. 


Mountain 

Holly 

tA, wB, W 

jP 

bS 

wS 

bPo 

wS, bS 

High numbers of leaf rollers 

where host is found around 

Biscotasing Lake. 

Extensive defoliation of single 

trembling aspen in Lloyd and 

8D twps., occasional larvae in 

McPhail, Arden, and Brutus twps. 

Few larvae of the pitch nodule 

maker observed at 5 locations 

in Division 69. 

Bud scales infested suppressed 

spruce in Biscotasi Twp. 

Collected throughout the 

district, moderate defoliation 

on 1 inch reproduction in 

Brutus Twp, 

Light defoliation of fringe 

wS in D ' Arcy Twp. 

New terminal shoots of 

reproduction in 28 and Barclay 

twps. heavily infested. 

Pockets of light infestation 

at Biscotasing, very low numbers 

elsewhere in the district.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE GOGAMA DISTRICT 


Birch Sawfly 

Birch Leaf Skeletonizer,. 

An Aphid on Jack-pine 

A Bark Beetle in Jack-pine Twigs 



American Poplar Leaf Beetle 

A Leaf Folder on Alder 

A Bud Miner on Alder 

Fall Webworm 

Aspen Blotch Miner. 





Leaf-folding Sawflies on Poplars & Willows 

Balsam-fir Shoot Sawfly 

Alder Woolly Aphid. 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner .• 

A Leaf Roller on Trembling Aspen. 



Arge sp. 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. 

Cinara canatra H. & B. 

Conophthorus sp. 


Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 


Gracillaria alnivorella Cham. 

Gretchena semialba McD. 

Page 

D 38 

P 38 

D 38 

D 39 

D 39 

D 39 

D 40 

40 

D 41 

D 41 

Hyphantria cunea Dru. D 41 



Neodiprion abietis complex D 44 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. D 44 


Phyllocolpa spp. D 45 

Pleroneura borealis Felt D 46 

Prociphilus tesselatus (Fitch) D 46 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) D 46 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. D 47 

D48 

R. A. Trieselmann

D 38 

Ugly-nest Caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) 

Lightly infested clumps of choke-cherry, mainly along roadsides and lakeshores, 

were observed at many locations in the district. Occasional colonies occurred on 

pin-cherry and willow at widely scattered points. Population levels increased 

slightly at sample locations (Table 5). 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Ugly-nest Caterpillar Colony Counts 

in the Gogama District from 1962 to 1965 

Location 

No. of colonies per square chain plot 

(township) Host 1962 1963 1964 1965 

Gouin W - 6 2 2 

Groves pCh 0 1 0 1 

Ivanhoe cCh - 7 3 4 

Jack cCh 36 5 1 4 

Kelvin cCh 17 2 0 2 

Birch Sawfly, Arge sp., formerly Arge pectoralis (Leach) 

Population levels of this insect were lower than in 1964. Several pockets of 

light infestation occurred in parts of Burrows, Kelvin, Kemp, and Maid townships. 

Scattered groups of white birch were lightly infested at a few locations in the 

northeastern part of Cabot and Togo townships. Occasional colonies were observed in 

Ivanhoe and Pinogami townships near the shore of Ivanhoe Lake in Division 68. 


Infestations declined generally to light intensity in 1965. However, moderate 

to severe defoliation occurred on small pockets of white birch at numerous locations 

in Kenogaming, Lemoine, Montcalm, and Silk townships in Division 68, and in Groves, 

Natal, and Togo townships in Division 72 (see map). 

Light to moderate skeletonizing of the foliage of occasional clumps of alder, 

hazel, and yellow birch occurred at points where white birch was heavily infested 

(Table 6). 

Location 

(township) 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Birch Skeletonizer Larval Counts at Ten Locations 

in the Gogama District in 1964 and 1965 

Host 

D.b.h. of sample 


Per cent leaves Av. no. of larvae 

infested 

per leaf 

1964 1965 1964 1965 

Cabot wB 2 100 71 5.9 1.9 

Horwood wB 3 98 17 2.7 1.3 

Ivanhoe wB 3 61 29 3.1 1.1 

MacMurchy wB 3 96 78 2.7 2.1 

Middleboro wB 6 94 12 1,7 1.2 

Middleboro yB 12 1 - 1.1 

Montcalm wB 7 100 16 3.7 1.1 

Pinogami wB 7 74 21 1.9 1.1 

Silk wB 1 84 11 2.7 1.6 

Sothman wB 1 100 27 11,2 1.4

GOGAMA DISTRICT 

J 

DERRE sawasm AMUNDSEN DAVIN 

WADSWORTH 

&ILFORD 

FORTUNE 

LER CK 

KIRKWALL 

.APUSKAS 

MERCED 

OSSIN 

NOVA 

STRAIN 

EMD 

LLOYD SONAR SNERLOCK 

°Whoa. 

LIME' 

COPPERFIELD 

LINCOLN 

Murdock 

SEWELL 

MUSKEGO Reeves 

A 

g 

A 

Mcbride 

2111:211 

HAZEN 

maw '2121 4 

FORUM Soul" MONER SEMPLE Hutt 

Sothman 

NURSEY 

Halliday 

BURROW KEMP MOND 

KELVIN 

• 

CSURCIIILL 

Miramichi 

upap.CONNAUENT 

Beemer ENGLISH ZAVITZ 

MILES 

20 

marlGARIBALDI 

ASQUITH Fawcett 

SNEARD 

Ogilvie 

EN ESSI MOFFAT 

AMYOT 

Browning 

RRESEUF BLEWETT beulah 

Hodgetts 

UNWIN 

BIRCH SKELETONIZER 

Townships in which pockets of 

medium and heavy infestation 


Legend 


Heavy infestation tion 

a 

•

D39 

An Aphid on Jack-pine, Cinara canatra H. & B. 

A light infestation of this aphid was observed north of Cabot Lake in Cabot 

Township, Division 72. Ninety-two per cent of regeneration and planted jack pine 

averaging three feet in height were infested in an area of nearly 100 acres. Each 

of the stems of the infested trees supported one large colony of approximately 150 

aphids. 

A Bark Beetle in Jack-pine Twigs, Conophthorus sp. 

Population levels increased somewhat and damage, mainly on regeneration and 

small trees, was more widespread than in 1964. Areas of light infestation occurred 

in Benneweis, Champagne, Jack, Noble, Vrooman, and Westbrook townships in Division 

72 and in Horwood Township in Division 68. Groups of lightly infested jack pine 

were observed at numerous points (Table 7). 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Jack-pine Shoot Damage by Cono phthorus sp. 


Location 

No. of 

trees Av. d.b.h. Av, height 

No. of 

infested 

trees 

No. of 

infested 

shoots 

No. of 

infested 

leaders 

township) examined in inches in feet 1964 1965 1964 1965 1964 1965 

Benneweis 100 1/2 6 2 7 6 41 0 0 

Garvey 100 2 12 5 8 12 53 0 0 

Horwood 50 2 11 1 5 4 29 0 0 

Jack 100 4 15 7 14 21 69 1 1 

Vrooman 50 2 11 2 6 3 22 0 0 

Westbrook 100 3 13 19 36 64 189 1 0 


Population levels of the European spruce sawfly declined Small numbers of 

larvae occurred on black spruce and white spruce at a few widely-scattered locations 

in Division 72. The decline in numbers was reflected in quantitative sampling 

(Table 8). 

TABLE 8 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts in September 


Av, d.b.h. of 

Total no, of larvae 

Location sample trees per 15-tray sample 

(township) Host in inches 1962 1963 1964 1965 

Benneweis wS 10 3 1 7 0 

Jack bS 4 5 1 4 1 

Jack wS 10 12 9 14 0 

Noble wS 12 27 6 0 3 

Stetham wS 17 6 4 5 0

D 40 


Pockets of light to medium infestation on small jack pine trees persisted in 

Garvey, Vrooman, and Westbrook townships in Division 72. Fewer leaders were killed 

than in recent years (Table 9). No infested lateral shoots were observed. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of White-pine Shoot Borer Damage on Jack Pine 


Av. d.b.h. of Av. height 

No. of infested 

Location sample trees sample trees per l00-tree sample 

townshi in inches in feet 1963 1964 1965 

Garvey 2-1/2 13 19 14 11 

Vrooman 1 7 1 2 1 

Westbrook l-1/2 9 14 9 6 

American Poplar Leaf Beetle, Gonioctena americana (Schaeff.) 

Areas of light and medium infestation of this insect were observed in a large 

part of the Gogama District. Pockets of moderate to severe defoliation occurred at 

many points, particularly in the eastern parts of Divisions 68 and 72. The American 

poplar leaf beetle was associated with a leaf roller, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

at numerous locations in Division 72 (see Table 10 and map). 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Estimates of Leaf Damage on Trembling Aspen Caused 

by the American Poplar Leaf Beetle at Twelve Locations 

in the Gogama District in 1965 

Location 

township) 



Per cent 

defoliation 

Degree of 

infestation 

Clumps 

Pockets 

Areas 

*Garvey 2 5 L A 

*Groves 1/2 15 L P 

Horwood 1/2 15 L A 

Ivanhoe 1 40 M A 

Montcalm 2 10 L A 

Noble 1 15 L C 

Noble 2 70 H P 

Penhorwood 1/2 10 L P 

*Regan 1 10 L P 

*Regan 8 20 M P 

*Westbrook 2 20 M A 

* Gonioctena americana and Pseudexentera oregonana occurring in association at these 

locations.


C 

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sus 1 

LER CK 

KIRK 

el... ! OWN 

NOVA STRA7f 

/WV 

LLOYD 

SONAR 

UPSETT 

MAW 

INRUSH 

ZAWTZ 

MOWN 

SIMPLE 

HUTT 

NOWAY 

WMW NALLIDAY 

BURROWS 

KEMP 

MOND 

ce 

NATAL 

WWWW 

MNAMIGYI 

FAWCETT 

MILES 

t I 

20 

S. 

MOFFAT AMYOT 

Me" 

RAMO RLEWETT MILAN NOOGETIS UNWIN 

TWO DEFOLIATORS ON TREMBLING ASPEN, 

Gonioctena americana (Schaeff.) and 


Townships in which infestations were 

observed in 1965 

G. americana 

P. oregonana 

Both G. americana and P. oregonana 

•

D41 

A Leaf Roller on Alder, Gracillaria alnivorella Cham. 

Small pockets of light infestation of this leaf roller on alder were observed 

at several locations in the central and eastern parts of Division 72. Population 

levels were somewhat lower than in recent years, the percentage of rolled leaves 

ranging from four to nine, compared with 27 to 29 per cent at two locations in 

1964. Green alder, which occurs less commonly in the Gogama District than speckled 

alder was the preferred host plant. 

A Bud-miner on Alder, Gretchena semialba McD. 

A considerable increase in population levels of this bud-miner occurred on 

alder in 1965. Pockets of light to moderate infestation occurred in Benneweis, 

Mattagami, and Noble townships in Division 72, and in Carty and Silk townships in 

Division 68. Approximately 20 per cent of the terminal buds of green alder and 

speckled alder were damaged at these points. Numerous clumps of lightly infested 

alder were observed throughout the remainder of the district. Only small numbers 

of larvae were observed in 1964. 

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea Dru. 

A further decline in population levels of this webworm occurred in 1965. 

Small numbers of colonies were observed in Coppell, Ivanhoe, Silk, and Whigham 

townships in Division 68, and in Jack and Noble townships in Division 72. Larval 

development was erratic, possible due to unsettled weather conditions during the 

season, and newly-hatched colonies were observed from early in July to the end 

of August (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Fall Webworm Colony Counts in the Gogama District 


Location 

Number of colonies 

township) Host Sampling unit 1963 1964 1965 

Gouin pCh 1 mile roadside 2 0 

Groves Al 1 mile roadside 5 1 0 

Ivanhoe cCh 1 square chain 4 

Jack pCh, 1 square chain 4 3 2 

Jack Al ' 1 mile roadside 2 0 0 

Noble pCh, wB 1 mile roadside 3 2 2 

Silk pCh, W 1 mile roadside 7 9 2 

Whigham pCh, wB 1 mile roadside 8

D 42 


Despite a noticeable decline in population levels, a large area of light to 

heavy infestation persisted in approximately 50 townships in the central part of 

the district. Considerable leaf damage was observed on trembling aspen regeneration 

and small trees on exposed sites at many locations (Table 12). Only occasional 

infested leaves were found in the eastern part of Division 72 (see map). 

The results of foliage sampling at ten locations in 1964 and 1965 are summarized 

in Table 13. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Leaf Damage Caused by the Aspen Blotch Miner 


Based on Samples of 100 Leaves 

at 13 Typal Locations 

Location Per cent leaves No. of mines per Av. no. of 

(township) infested infested leaf per leaf 

1 6 196 1 6 1964 1965 

Carter 58 47 3.1 1.5 1.80 .72 

Champagne 22 18 1.1 1.4 .25 .31 

Coppell 91 12 4.1 1.3 3.71 .16 

Garibaldi* 3 1 1.0 1.0 .03 .01 

Hellyer 82 73 3.9 4.2 3.20 3.05 

Invergarry 57 79 1.6 2.1 .92 1.69 

Lemoine 94 78 2.2 4.9 2.11 3.82 

Mattagami* 6 2 1.1 1.3 .06 .03 

Mont calm 49 41 1.6 1.4 .78 .57 

Oates 64 16 1.5 2.3 .97 .36 

Pinogami 82 48 6.0 2.1 4.90 1.03 

St. Louis 43- 35 1.4 1.5 .58 .54 

Silk 67 67 2.0 3.5 1.36 2.32 

* Based on 1,000 leaves to insure greater accuracy.


.1 

C (JERRE 

STEFANSSON MWMUN 

OMNI 

LER CK 

WIMMLL 

LLOYD 

SONAR 

DEEMER 

ENGLISH 

ZAVITZ 

IRONER 

SEMPLE 

NUTT 

NURSEY 

"THAN NAUMY 

UMW 

KEMP 

MONO 

CABOT 

KELVIN 

NATAL 

0 

I 

MILES 

20 

4, 

WMMW ammimomm 

NIPAMIOW 

40, 

ASQUITH 

SHEARS 

FA CL7T 

MILVX 

MOFFAT 

AMYOT BROWNING 

BEULAH HOOGE77S 

UNW1N 

ASPEN BLOTCH MINER 

Townships in which infestations 


Legend 




•

D 43 

Summary of Larval Mortality and Adult Emergence of the Aspen 

Blotch Miner Based on the Examination of 100 

Infested Leaves at Each Location 

in the Gogama District 


Location 

(township) 

No. of 

Parasitism 

mines 

examined 

Early 

instar 

Late 

instar Fungus 

Canni. 

balism 

Predation 

Emergence 

Unknown* 

64 65 64 65 64 65 64 65 64 65 64 65 64 65 64 65 

Carter 325 171 249 125 12 10 2 0 8 19 18 7 9 5 27 5 

Coppell 398 133 176 62 57 44 3 5 30 8 17 5 29 3 86 6 

Hellyer 388 405 105 187 152 125 3 12 11 50 24 10 27 1 66 20 

Invergarry 169 214 108 163 31 20 9 2 6 12 2 2 8 6 5 9 

Lemoine 234 460 43 161 116 213 6 8 16 56 25 7 26 11 2 4 

Mattagami 104 118 46 54 15 20 0 0 0 7 3 5 2 18 38 14 

Oates 146 178 12 113 53 21 5 2 6 25 9 1 19 9 42 7 

Pinogami 603 194 98 109 243 31 12 3 54 32 13 3 181 13 2 3 

St. Louis 157 142 65 69 33 37 5 0 1 9 10 1 20 16 23 10 

Silk 201 319 59 105 60 132 7 8 13 53 7 11 35 7 20 3 

Total 2725 2334 961 1148 772 653 52 40 145 271 128 52 356 89 311 81 

* 97 per cent of these refer to failure to complete the first instar. 


Lightly to moderately infested shrubbery along roadsides and in clearings, occurred 

at numerous locations in the district. The preferred host was pin-cherry, but 

occasional trembling aspen, white birch regeneration and willow were infested. 

TABLE Changes in population levels at sample stations are shown in Table 14. 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts 


14 

Location 

township 

Host 

No. of colonies per 1 measured mile 

of roadside 

1962 1963 1964 1965 

Kelvin 1 12 17 8 

Mattagami pCh, W 3 2 8 3 

Noble pCh 3 11 18 2 

Roblin pCh 17 19 14 11 

Silk pCh - 11 22 18 

Togo pCh 2 5 11 4

D 44 


A decline in population levels of this sawfly occurred in 1965. Groups of 

pole-size white spruce were lightly infested in Jack and Zavitz townships in 

Division 72 and small numbers of larvae were collected from scattered trees at 

numerous points elsewhere in the district. Defoliation of balsam fir, black spruce, 

and white spruce was negligible at all locations (Table 15). 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Balsam Fir Sawfly Larval Counts 


Av. d.b.h, of 


Location sample trees per 15-tray sample 

township) Host in inches 1962 1963 1964 1965 

Benneweis wS 11 0 4 9 0 

Jack wS 13 0 3 6 1 

Jack bF 6 - 5 12 11 

St. Louis bS 3 0 2 3 2 


Population levels of the red-pine sawfly declined in 1965. Groups of jack pine 

and red pine trees were lightly infested at several locations in the district. 

Defoliation was negligible at all sample points (Table 16). 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Red-pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Gogama District 


Location 

township) 

Host 


Av. d.b.h. of sample per 10-tree sample 

trees in inches 1964 

Foleyet 

rP 

Hodgetts siP 

Invergarry 

jP 

Ivanhoe 

rP 

Jack 

jP 

Mattagami 

rP 

Noble 

jP 

4 

7.2 

1.1 

4 .3 

.5 

.2 

6 .3 .1 

6 .2 

6 .2 0 

2 .7 0 

6 4.6 2.2 .4

D 45 


This insect occurred in larger numbers and at more locations than in recent 

years. Small pockets of light infestation were observed in many stands of small 

jack pine (see photograph). In Ivanhoe Township larvae were also collected from 

red pine, an exceedingly unusual host, adjacent to an infested stand of jack pine 

(Table 17). 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts 


Location 

(township) 

Host 

Av. d.b.h, of sample 


Av. no. of colonies per 

each of ten trees 

Degree of 

infestation 

Benneweis jP 2 1.l L 

Chester jP 3 .7 L 

Foleyet jP 2 1.1 L 

Groves jP 2 4.7 L 

Ivanhoe jP 2 3.4 L 

Ivanhoe rP 2 .4 L 

Jack jP 4 1.3 L 

Silk jP 1/4 1.5 L 

Leaf-folding Sawflies on Poplars and Willow, Phyllocolpa spp. formerly Nematus 

spp. 

Greatly increased population levels of this sawfly caused light to severe leaf 

damage at numerous points in the district. The principal host was trembling aspen 

but balsam poplar and willow were also attacked. A small stand of pole-size 

trembling aspen in Groves Township and scattered clumps of trembling aspen regeneration 

in Biggs and Unwin townships were moderately to severely damaged. Small 

pockets of light infestation, mainly on exposed sites on rocky points, lakeshores, 

and small islands were observed at many other locations in the district (Table 18). 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Leaf-folding Sawfly Counts at Ten Locations 


Note: Counts are based on the examination of 100 leaves taken at random from each 

of three trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

Host 


trees in feet 


folded 

Av. no. of folds 

per leaf 

Biggs tA 8 59 l.2 

Groves tA 16 74 1.4 

Ivanhoe* bPo 8 9 1.1 

Ivanhoe* tA 12 7 1.2 

Ivanhoe* W 5 3 1,0 

Pinogami bPo 6 19 1.1 

St. Louis tA 14 19 1.2 

Silk* bPo 7 9 1.2 

Silk* tA 9 12 1.1 

Unwin tA 8 68 1.4 

* taken in the same stand.

D 46 

Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly, Pleroneura borealis Felt. 

Population levels of this insect increased sharply compared with 1964 when only 

small numbers of larvae survived low temperatures which coincided with the opening 

of balsam fir buds. Small pockets of balsam fir regeneration and pole-size trees 

were lightly to moderately damaged at many locations in the district, principally 

in Division 72 (Table 19). 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Balsam-fir Shoot Damage Caused by the Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly 


Location D.b.h. of sample Percentage of 

(township) trees in inches Exposure shoots bored 

Foleyet 2 part.shaded 32 

Groves 1 part. shaded 2 

Jack 6 open 

MacBride 1 part. shaded 

Middleboro 2 shaded 8 

Noble 2 part. shaded 13 

Alder Woolly Aphid, Prociphilus tesselatus (Fitch) 

Large pockets of heavy infestation of this aphid recurred at numerous points in 

the central and north-central parts of Division 72. Clumps of lightly to heavily 

infested alder could be seen at many locations throughout the district. Population 

levels were somewhat lower than in 1964. No visible damage resulted on currently 

infested branches and stems but numerous alder which had been infested for several 

consecutive years showed severe branch and stem mortality in 1965. 


Small pockets of lightly to moderately defoliated white birch were observed at 

several widely-scattered locations in the district. Foliar damage occurred mainly 

on suppressed trees and shaded branches and rarely on open-grown trees. Lightly 

infested white birch were noted at numerous locations (Table 20).

D47 

TABLE 20 

Summary of Damage Caused by e Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner 

to the Foliage o White Birch in the 

Gogama District in 1965 

Location Av, d.b.h, of sample 

townshi trees in inches 

Per cent leaves 

infested 

Total no. 

of mines 

Av, no, of mines 

per infested leaf 

Biggs 1-1/2 21 23 1.2 

Groves 3 6 10 1.7 

Invergarry 1/4 2 3 1.3 

Ivanhoe 2 1 1 1.0 

Jack 4 64 166 2.6 

Noble 1-1/2 2 2 1.1 

ro- 

Northrup 7 4 

2.1 

Togo (understory) 2 26 2.1 

Togo (overstory) 2 1 1.l 

A Leaf Roller on Trembling Aspen, Pseudexentera oregonana W1 

Two areas of light to medium infestation of this insect occurred in the southeastern 

parts of Divisions 68 and 72. Lightly infested clumps of trembling aspen 

were observed in many stands in the remainder of the district. This insect was 

closely associated with the American poplar leaf beetle at numerous locations in 

Division 72. Only occasional pockets of light infestation were reported in 1964 

(see map following page 40 and Table 21). 

TABLE 21 

Summary of Estimates of Leaf Damage Caused by the Leaf Roller, 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm., on Trembling Aspen 


Location 

(township) 



Per cent 

defoliation 

Degree of 

infestation 

Clumps 

Pockets 

Areas 

Garvey* 2 15 L A 

Groves 2 10 L P 

Horwood* 1/2 5 L A 

MacMurchy 2 25 A 

Penhorwood* 1/2 5 L A 

Regan* 8 10 L A 

Regan* 1 20 A 

Sheard* 1 35 A 

Westbrook* 2 20 A 

Whigham* 4 5 L A 

occurred in association with the American poplar leaf beetle at these locations.

D 48 

TABLE 22 




Acleris calignosana Wlk. 

Altica ambiens alni Harr. 



Argyresthia pygmaella Hbn. 

Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. 

Corythucha elegans Drake 

Croesus latitarsus Nort. 


Epinotia cruceana Linn. 

Galerucella cavicollis Lec.. 

Gonioctena notmani (Schaeff.) 

Gracillaria invariabilis Braun. 

Hemichroa crocea (Four.) 


Host 

Al 

Al 

wS 

bS 

W 

bF, wS 

tL 

Al, wB, 

Mo, W 

Al, wB 

pCh 

W 

pCh 

Al, wB 

eC 

Remarks 

Lightly infested clumps of alder 

at various locations in the 

district. 

Infestations in the district 

collapsed, only occasional 

larvae observed at several points. 

Very lightly infested trees in 

Foleyet and Mattagami twps. 

Small pockets of moderately 

infested trees in Chester Twp. 

Clumps of severely infested willow 

in Groves Twp. 

Small numbers of larvae found at 

widely scattered locations in 

the district. 

Lightly infested clumps of pole 

size tamarack in St. Louis Twp. 

(2.7 larvae per 16" branch tip). 

Numerous clumps and small pockets. 

of shrubs throughout the district 

were moderately to severely 

infested by lace bugs and showed 

conspicuous browning of foliage 

by late July. 

Occasional colonies on wB in 

Noble Twp., moderately infested 

clumps of alder in Middleboro Twp. 

Lightly to severely infested 

clumps of willow in Foleyet, 

Ivanhoe, and Togo twps. 

Low and moderate population levels 

in Horwood and Penhorwood, 

respectively. 

Large pocket of light infestation 

in Silk Twp. 

Lightly infested clumps of willows 

in Invergarry Twp. 

Numerous clumps of lightly infested 

pin-cherry at widely 


Occasional colonies in Carty and 

Ivanhoe twps. 

Small numbers of cedar sawfly 

larvae in beating samples at 

various sample points.


D 49 


Host 

Remarks 


Nycteola cinereana N. & D. 


Phlyctaenia tertialis (Gwen.) 



Pikonema dimockii (Cress,) 




Toumeyella numismaticum P. & McD, 

tA 

bPo 

tA 

bS, wS 

bS, wS 

wP 

bS, wS 

jP 

Clumps and small pockets of 

lightly infested regeneration and 

small pole size trees at many 

points in the district. 

Small pocket of light infestation 

persisted in Ivanhoe Twp. 

One large pocket of moderate 

infestation in Horwood Twp., 

lightly infested clumps of willow 

in Penhorwood Twp, 

Lightly to moderately infested 

clumps of red elderberry at 

several locations. 

Occasional colonies at many 

locations in the district. 

Small numbers of larvae in beating 

samples at scattered points. 

Small numbers of larvae in beating 

samples at several points. 

Severely infested scattered trees 

in Ivanhoe Twp. 

23 per cent of white pine in a 

plantation in Burrows Twp. 

lightly infested. 

1,2 per cent of black spruce buds 

and .7 per cent of white spruce 

buds infested in Jack Twp. 

Two small pockets of light to 

medium infestation in Invergarry 

and Jack twps.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE WHITE RIVER DISTRICT 

Page 

Black-headed Budworm 

Cherry Ugly-nest Caterpillar 







Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner 

Spruce Bud Gall Midge 

Yellow-headed spruce Sawfly 

Pitch Nodule Maker 

A Bark-weevil in Witches' Broom 


Acleris variana (Fern.) 50 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) Y.% 50 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. 50 

Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) D 51 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Cham. D 51 


Neodiprion virginianus complex D 5g 

Pleroneura borealis Felt I) 53 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) D 53 


D 

Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) D 34 

Petrova albicapitana Busck. D 44 

Pissodes similis Hopk. D 54 

D 56 

D. C. Constable

D 50 


Black-headed Budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.) 

Population levels of the black-headed budworm were low for the third consecutive 

year. Quantitative sampling results from white and black spruce seemed to portray 

the general status of the insect throughout the district (Table 5). 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Black-headed Budworm Larval Counts 

in White River District from 1960 to 1965 

Note: Counts were based on the total number of larvae from 20 tray samples, two 

from each of ten trees (4 to 8 inches d.b.h.) 

Location 

Counts in 

townshi. Host 160 l61 19621963 1964 1965 

74 wS 2 21 20 8 11 2 

32 Range 27 bS 1 1 2 1 1 0 

29 Range 23 wS - 42 11 0 . 0 0- 

30 Range 23 bS - 40 35 14 0 1 

Ugly-nest Caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) 

A heavy infestation of the ugly-nest caterpillar persisted for the fourth consecutive 

year in the vicinity of the Michipicoten Gun Club. An increase in the 

number of tents occurred at a sample station in Township 29 Range 23 compared with 

1964 (Table 6). This insect was observed in small numbers elsewhere in the district. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Ugly-nest Caterpillar Colony Counts in the White River 


(township) 

Location 

29 Range 23 

74 

30 Range 23 

29 Range 23 

Number of tents observed 

Sample unit 1962 1963 1964 1965 

1 square chain 57 1 0 0 

1 mile roadside 77 18 1 0 

1 mile roadside 200 410 470 435 

1 square chain 0 23 45 56 


A new area of heavy infestation of this insect was observed south of Strickland 

Lake in Strickland Township in 1965 where white birch foliage in an area of approximately 

10 square miles was severely skeletonized. The heavy infestation that had 

persisted for several years in five townships east of White Lake declined to moderate 

intensity. A light infestation occurred in Fire sand River area near Wawa, and along 

Manitowik Lake Road where heavy infestations were reported in 1964.

D 51 

Larch casebearer, coleophora laricella (Hbn.) 

Population numbers of casebearers in the district increased from 1961 to 1964. 

However, in 1965, larval counts at all five sample points showed a marked decline 

compared with 1964 (Table 7). 

A mass collection of casebearer larvae submitted from Hunt Township for rearing 

revealed 24 per cent parasitism by gathis pumila (Ratz.). 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Larch casebearer Larval counts in White River District 


Note: counts were based on the number of larvae from four 18-inch branch tips 

from each of four trees at each location. 

Location 

township 

Av. d.b.h. in 

inches 

Av. no. of larvae per branch tip 

l 62 196 196 1965 

Leslie 4 0.3 0.6 1.0 0.2 

71 4 3.4 3.5 7.1 1.8 

29 Range 23 5 1.7 0.9 1.1 0.3 

30 Range 26 4 2.7 4.8 12.5 8.8 

Pic 5 3.0 12.5 14.5 0.6 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella chain. 

Population levels of this leaf miner showed little change with counts of 

damaged leaves being only slightly higher at all sample points (Table 8). 

A light infestation occurred at Tukanee Lake in Hunt Township where about 15 

per cent of the foliage of aspen reproduction was mined. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Aspen Blotch Miner counts in White River District 


Note counts were based on examination of 100 leaves from three trees at each 

location. 

Location Av. d.b.h. in Per cent of leaves mined 

township) inches 1964 1965 

Barbara Lake 4 0 1 

Mi 0.2 cp. 70 rd. 3 0 1 

Mikano 

4 0 

30 Range 23 3 2 1 

Hunt (Population Sign) 2 1 2 

Hunt (Tukanee Lake) 2 15

D 52 


Numbers of western tent caterpillar colonies decreased from an average of 13 

per mile of roadside in 1962 to 4.5 in 1965 (Table 9). Very few tents were observed 


TABLE 9 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Counts per Measured Mile 

of Roadside in White River District 

Location 

(township) 

Number of tents er mile of roadside 

1962 1963 1964 1965 

Mi 18 Manitouwadge rd. 14 10 16 

Bryant 12 8 6 5 

Magone 9 6 6 0 

Township 71 14 12 5 

Mi 7 Cp. 70 rd. 0.P.c. 16 17 8 4 

District Average 13 10.6 8.8 4.5 


A notable decline in numbers of this sawfly was observed. Colony counts were 

generally low in sample plots, the highest being in Rumsey's plantation where an 

average of 1.5 colonies per tree was recorded on 20 trees (Table 10). 

An average of 14 colonies per tree was counted on three moderately-to-severely 

defoliated jack pine trees in Township 70. Scattered colonies were observed elsewhere 


TABLE 10 

Summary of Larval Colony counts of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly 

in White River District from 1963 to 1965 

Location Av. d.b.h. No of trees Av, no. of colonies per tree 

township. 

in inches examined 16 6 1965 

Hunt 4-7 20 0.6 0.8 .15 

Pearkes 4-7 10 0.3 0.4 0.10 

Township 70 2-5 20 1.6 2.2 0.33 

Township 64 5-7 20 1.9 2.3 0.50 

Rumsey's 

Plantation 1-2 20 3.2 1.2 l.45 

Township 71 2-3 10 0,0 1.4 0.0

D 53 


Population levels of this shoot-boring sawfly declined sharply (Table 11). 

Quantitative sampling over a period of years has shown that low numbers occur in 

alternate years. Late spring frosts in 1965 killed a high percentage of balsam 

fir buds and was probably a contributing factor in low populations which occurred. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly counts in White River District 

in 1963 to 1965 

Note: counts were based on the examination of 20 branch tips four from each of 

five trees at each location. 

Location Av, d,b,h, No, of shoots examined Per cent shoots infested 

(township) in inches 196 196. 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Mi 10,9 

Manitouwadge Rd. 4 460 351 480 3,9 13.1 0 

Township 70 4 510 378 462 2.5 12.2 0 

Township 32 

Range 28 2 626 578 578 2,1 6.6 0 


Heavy infestations of this insect occurred in tree townships (Table 12). 

Defoliation was most severe in mature stands of white birch at the north end of 

Esnagi Lake in cudney Township where 83 per cent of the leaves in one sample were 

mined. Elsewhere in the district population levels were light to medium. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damage by the Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner 

in White River District in 1965 

Note: counts were based on examination of 100 leaves from three trees at each 

location. 

Location 

township 

Av, d.b.h, 

in inches 


l'6 

Esnagi Lake 2-4 83 

Township 32 Range 28 2-4 80 


Pearkes 2-3 33 

Hunt 2-3 15-30 


Township 28 Range 24 2-3 3-8 

Tedder 2-4 5

D 54 

Spruce Bud Gall Midge, Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

Population levels of this insect increased at three of four sampling stations 

(Table 13). The highest count of infested buds was observed on immature black spruce 

in Township 70. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Spruce Bud Midge Counts in White River District 

in 1964 to 1965 

Note: Counts were based on examination of 50 branch tips, five from each of ten 


Location 

(township) Host 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

No. of shoots 

examined in 


Per cent 

buds 

1964 

of terminal 

infested 


74 wS 4 187 140 3.2 3.5 

70 bS 4 170 156 2.3 7.0 

32 Range 27 bS 2 161 153 1.2 3.9 

29 Range 23 wS 4 196 142 5.1 2.0 


Pockets of light defoliation occurred on black and white spruce reproduction at 

Mobert and Regan in Township 71. Small pockets of light to medium infestation were 

observed in Hunt Township and scattered trees were severely defoliated in Pic 

Township. Larvae were found in small numbers in beating mat samples throughout the 

district. 

Pitch Nodule Maker, Petrova albicapitana Busck. 

A sharp increase in population levels of this insect occurred south of Camp 

70 in the Ontario Paper Company limits in the northwestern part of the district. 

Infestations were heavy in this area and at one point 75 per cent of the jack pine 

reproduction bore pitch blisters (see photograph). 

Although branch killing frequently results from attacks by the pitch nodule 

maker, there are no records of extensive tree mortality. 

A Bark-weevil, Pissodes similis Hopk. in Witches' Broom 

In 1965, Dr. S. G. Smith requested the collection of witches' broom on balsam 

fir caused by the rust Melampsorella caryopyllacearum Schroet. to check on the 

possible presence of this weevil. On June 15, a witches' broom was collected from 

Township 28 Range 27, and submitted for examination. A new distribution record 

of this species resulted from examination and in all probability the first in 

Canada from balsam fir.

D 55 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects collected in White River District 


Insect Hosts Remarks 


Anoplonyx luteipes (cress.) 

clepsis persicana (Fitch) 

Croesus latitarus (Nort.) 


Diprion hercyniae Htg. 

Epinotia cruciana (Linn.) 

Epinotia solandriana (Linn.) 


Euura resinicola (Marlett) 



Gracillaria syringella F. 

Grapholitha prunivora Walsh 

Holcocera immaculella McD. 

wS 

tL 

W, bF, to 

wB 

wS, bF 

wS 

tA wB, Al, 

tA 

W 

Al 

tA 

Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Gn. bF 

Laspeyresia youngana Kft. wS 


Meroptera pravella Grt. 

Neodiprion abietis complex Harr. 


Lilac 

pch 

jP 

to 

bS, wS, 

bF 

jP 

Small numbers found in Bryant 

Twp. 

Found commonly in Bryant, Mikano, 

Hunt, and Twp. 64. 

Small numbers found at scattered 

points. 

Scattered patches of defoliated 

trees observed. One small 

pocket in Pic Twp. 

Twenty-nine larvae found in 

witches' broom on bF. 

Two larvae and one cocoon found 

in Twp. 70. 

Few of this leaf roller found. 

Nine pockets of light infestation. 

Found commonly along shoreline 

of Hobon Lake. 

Leaf galls found commonly in 

Pearkes Twp. 

Found in small numbers on 

scattered clumps of alder. 

Scattered pockets of very light 

defoliation in Twp. 29 Range 

23 and Hunt Twp. 

Lilac leaf miner found commonly 

on ornamental trees in White 

River and Wawa. 

Found commonly in black knot of 

cherry. 

Fifty per cent of flowers infested 

in Bryant Twp., light 


One hemlock looper found in 

beating tray sample. 

Larvae found mining new cones in 

Gertrude Twp. 

Only one larva found (Hunt 

Twp.). 

Pyralids found in association 

with Tetralopha aplastella Hlst. 

Thirty-one larvae found in 

beating tray samples. 

Single colonies of red pine 

sawfly in Twp. 74, Twp. 29 

Range 23 and Hunt Twp.

D 56 


,1111/01••■••■•■ 




Pikonema dimmockii (cress.) 

Pissodes approximates Hopk. 


Rhabdophaga brassicoides (Walsh) 

Tetralopha aplastella Hlst. 

Trichiosoma triangulum Kby. 

Zale sp. (prob. minerea) Gn. 

W 

tA 

bS, wS 

rP 

tA 

W 

tA 

bAs, Se, 

wB 

wB 

Light infestations found on 

willow at scattered points. 

Light skeletonizing in Pearkes 

Twp. 

Fourteen larvae found in beating 

tray samples. 

Less than 2 per cent mortality 

in Rumsey's plantation. 

Leaf rollers found commonly in 

the district. 

Numerous cabbage galls observed 


Numerous webbed leaves found in 

the district. 

Small numbers of larvae found 

in beating tray samples. 

Twenty-eight larvae found in 

beating tray samples in Gertrude 

Twp.

NORTHERN FOREST REGION 


INTRODUCTION 


Page 

Ink Spot Disease of Poplar 

Sweetfern Blister Rust 


Leaf Blight 

k Needle Rust on Tamarack 

A Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar 

A Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar 

A Rust on Alderleaf Buckthorn 

A Rust on Balsam Fir 

Dieback of Red Pine 

ciborinia whetzelii (Seav.) 

Seav. 

cronartium comptoniae Arth. 

cronartium ribicola J. C. 

Fischer 

Linospora tetraspora G. E. 

Thompson 




and Cif. 

Puccinia coronata Cda. 

Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth. 

Scleroderris lagerbergii 

Gremmen 

l 

E 1 

E 1 

E 2 

E 2 

E 2 

3 

3 

3 

3, 

Frost Damage E 4 

Winter Drying of conifers E 4 

Other Noteworthy Diseases collected E 4 

STATUS OF INSEcTS (District)

INTRODUCTION 

Northern Forest Region 

This report summarizes insect and tree disease conditions in the Northern Region 

for 1965. Sections of the report dealing with tree diseases are presented on a 

regional basis , whereas data on insects are contained in the district sections. 

Severe frosts after the inception of tree growth and insect development in 1963 

and 1964 reduced populations of bud miners , leaf rollers and other early insects , and 

probably prevented an increase in population levels of the forest tent caterpillar 

in the cochrane and Swastika districts. However , heavy infestations of the forest 

tent caterpillar occurred in three small areas of the Kapuskasing District in 1965. 

Infestations of the birch skeletonizer and the amber-marked birch leaf miner, 

the only insects reaching outbreak proportions in 1964 , declined in the region as 

a whole in 1965. Extensions in the distribution of the larch casebearer in Swastika 

and Cochrane districts and the mountain ash sawfly in the Cochrane District were 

observed. Insects recorded for the first time in the region were a borer in the 

new shoots of white birch in the Swastika District s, the introduced birch leaf miner 

on white birch in the Cochrane District , Warren ' s collar weevil in Cochrane and 

Kapuskasing districts , and a new leaf-feeding beetle on wild rose. 

The ink spot disease caused moderate-to-severe damage to trembling aspen foliage 

in extensive areas of the region. First herbarium records included , Coryneum 

septosporioides (C. negundinis) Sacc & Syd. on Manitoba maple in the Cochrane Districts 

Scleroderris lagerbergii Gremmen on red pine seedlings , and Melampsoridium betulinum 

(Fr.) Kleb. on white birch in the Swastika District. 

Balsam fir mortality continued as a major problem in the Guilfoyle area of the 

Ka skasing District but the number of trees which died in 1965 was much lower than 

in recent years. Considerable balsam fir mortality was observed also in swampy areas 

north of Iroquois Falls in the Cochrane District. 

An interesting development in the economics of forest products in the Northern 

Region has been the increased use of poplar by plywood factories and pulpwood mills. 

As a result the utilization of overmature trembling aspen and balsam poplar emphasized 

the importance of decays and heart rots to the plywood industry. 

Sincere appreciation is again expressed for the assistance given to field 

technicians by timber operators and personnel of the Department of Lands and Forests. 

H. R. Foster

E l 


Ink Spot Disease of Poplar, Ciborinia whetzelii (Sea v.) Seav. 

Infection levels of this disease increased in the Northern Region for the 

second consecutive year. A. large area of medium-to-heavy infection recurred in 

Divisions 39, 42, the northern part of Division 63 in the Swastika District, in a 

large part of Division 43 and in a narrowing band across Division 44 to Homuth 

Township in the Cochrane District (see map). A second large area of medium-t heavy 

infection in the Kapuskasing District extended from Owens and Cumming ,.townships to 

the western part of Division 74 and the southern part of Division 47. sewhere in 

the region and south of a line joining Neely and Clive townships infection levels 

were light (see photograph). 

Sweetfern Blister Rust, Cronartium comptoniae Arth. 

Heavy infections of this rust recurred along the Bigwater Lake Road north of 

Timmins in the Cochrane District and along the eastern border of Division 43 from 

Nellie Lake to Sheraton Township. Light-to-heavy infections recurred in 11 townships 

in the Swastika District. New areas of light infection were found in Thorneloe 

and Clifford townships in the Cochrane and Swastika districts respectively. The 

rust was collected from its alternate host,sweet fern, in Macklem and Tisdale townships 

in the Cochrane District, and in Gross Township, Swastika District. 

A plot was established in jack pine regeneration in Sheraton Township to determine 

the effects of this rust on young trees. Fifty trees 12 to 15 inches in height were 

tagged and the fruiting area was measured in relation to the circumference of the 

stems. One effect of the attack by the rust was shown in measurements of tree leader 

growth. The average leader length on infected trees was four inches compared with 

10 inches on check trees. 


This disease was found at most locations where white pine occurs in the Swastika 

District (see photograph). The highest incidence was again recorded in Grenfell 

Township where 16 per cent of the sample trees were infected (Table 1). Light 

infections occurred in eight other townships in the Swastika District, in Sheraton 

and McArthur townships in the Cochrane District, and in the Spruce Falls Nursery in 

the Kapuskasing District. 

TABLE 1 

Incidence of White Pine Blister Rust in the 

Swastika District in 1965 

Location 

(township) 


in inches 

Number of trees Per cent of trees 

examined infected 

Tyrrell 3 50 12 

Grenfell 2 50 16 

Milner 8 50 8 

Arnold 2 100 2 

Harris 6 50 8 

Dunmore 6 50 6

E2 

Leaf Blight, Linospora tetraspora G. E. Thompson 

This leaf blight of balsam poplar occurred commonly in the region. Heavy 

infections were recorded in Harker and Teck townships in the Swastika District; 

Homuth, Tisdale, and Mount joy townships in the Cochrane District, and in Casselman, 

Frost, Usnac, Ecclestone, and Fintry townships in the Kapuskasing District. Infection 

of this organism caused darkening of the foliage of young balsam poplar at many point 


A Needle Rust on Tamarack, Melampsora medusae Thum. 

Infection levels of this rust on tamarack increased in 1965. Medium to heavy 

infections occurred in Clute, Calder, Lamarche, Calvert, and Ogden townships in the 

Cochrane District, and in Holloway, Harker, Milner, Holmes, Bond, and Lee townships 

in the Swastika District. Elsewhere in. cochrane and Swastika districts, and in the 

Casselman and Fauquier areas of Kapuskasing District infections were light. 

The highest levels of infection occurred on young vigorous tamarack on abandoned 

farmlands, and on regeneration in swamps. However, the rust was collected from trees 

of all sizes regardless of soil or moisture conditions. 

A Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar, Pollaccia elegans Serv. 

An increase in the incidence of tip blight on balsam poplar occurred in the 

Cochrane and Swastika districts and heavy infections recurred in the Kapuskasing 

District. Light infections at several points in the Cochrane District in 1964 

increased to heavy intensity in 1965. In the Swastika District, an increase in 

infection levels occurred in the townships of Yarrow, Evantural, Pacaud, McVittie, 

and Benoit, while light infections were observed elsewhere in the district (Table 2). 

In the Kapuskasing District the incidence of infection was over 50 per cent wherever 

balsam poplar regeneration was examined. A collection of the ascigerous stage, 

Venturia populina (Vuill.) Fabric., was obtained in the Cochrane District. 

TABLE 2 

Severity of Pollaccia elegans Infections on Balsam Poplar Trees 

in the Swastika District in 1965 

Location 

(township) 

No. of shoots 

in sample 


infected 

Severity of 

infection 

McVittie 50 24 Heavy 

Pacaud 50 28 Heavy 

Benoit 100 15 Medium 

Evantural 100 39 Heavy 

Yarrow 50 12 Medium

NORTHERN FOREST REGION 

DISTRICTS 

1 COCHRANE 

2 KAPUSKASING 

3 SWASTIKA 

 

MILES 

INK SPOT DISEASE OF POPLAR 

Areas in which infections 


Legend 

Light infection 

Medium-to-heavy infection 

t 

•••••••••••••• 

• • • • • • • 

• • • • • • • 

201."4 

:!4■7*., A

e 

ample 

s 

in 

E 3 

A Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar, Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) Bald. and cif. 

An increase in the incidence of this twig blight on trembling aspen regeneration 

was observed throughout the Northern Region. Medium to heavy infections were reported 

in the Cochrane and Kapuskasing districts. The highest infection levels in the 

Cochrane District occurred in the townships of Homuth, Clergue, Clute, and Robb. In 

the Kapuskasing District, heavy infections were recorded in Casselman, Ecclestone, 

Fauquier, and Teetzel townships. In the Swastika District, the disease was widespread 

and usually occurred at the light-to-medium infection level. However, 

heavy infections occurred in Sheba, Grenfell, and Evantural townships (Table 3). 

TABLE 3 

Severity of Pollaccia radiosa Infections on Trembling Aspen 

Trees in the Swastika District in 1965 

Location 

township. 

Number of shoots 


infected 

Severity of 

infection 

Sheba 50 38 Heavy 

Grenfell 100 27 Heavy 

Evantural 50 64 Heavy 

Lee 50 16 Medium 

Garrison 50 24 Medium 

A Rust on Alderleaf Buckthorn, Puccinia coronata Cda. 

Infections of a foliar rust on alderleaf buckthorn increased in both incidence 

and severity in the Cochrane District. Heavy infections occurred in cutover areas 

in black spruce swamps in Mann, Hanna, Little, and Tully to ships. Light infections 

occurred elsewhere in the Cochrane District, and in Skead Township in the Swastika 

District. 

A Rust on Balsam Fir, Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth 

An increase in the incidence and severity of this rust occurred in the 

Kapuskasing District and in the Smooth Rock Falls area in the Cochrane Distri 

The highest infection levels in the Cochrane District were found along the Abitibi 

Road south of Smooth Rock Falls where more than 50 per cent of the needles of host 

trees were infected in 1965 compared with one per cent in 1964. Severe infections 

occurred throughout the Kapuskasing District. At one location in Rodgers Township 

70 per cent of the needles were infected. Conspicuous discoloration of the 

foliage occurred in areas of heavy infection. All age classes of balsam fir tree 

were attacked. 

Dieback of Red Pine, Scleroderris lagerbergii Gremmen 

Severe infections of this disease organism occurred on 2-2 and 3-0 red pine 

planting stock in the Swastika Nursery. Heavy mortality of trees occurred in three 

compartments. 

The disease first becomes apparent in early spring when buds fail to burst and

E4 

the foliage turns a dull grayish green colour. The bark and needles strip off easily 

leaving a slimy yellowish green stem. Later the foliage turns yellow and finally 

brown as the tree dies. The fruiting bodies can be most readily detected by the 

purple sporulation that occurs in early spring. 

Further surveys will be carried out during 1966 to determine the distribution 

and extent of damage in existing plantations and the Swastika Nursery. 

Frost Damage 

Generally, frost damage was high in the Kapuskasing District but diminished in 

severity eastward in Cochrane and Swastika districts. Severe frost damage to new 

shoots of balsam fir and white spruce occurred at four locations in the Kapuskasing 

District. At one location in Gurney Township total mortality of new shoots was 

reported on 75 per cent of the balsam fir trees up to 12 feet in height. About 

five per cent of the new shoots of white spruce trees were damaged at this location. 

Ferns were damaged in small pockets as late as July 12 along the Gurney Road in the 

Kapuskasing District. 

Winter Drying of Conifers 

Damage to conifers by winter drying occurred in varying degrees across the 

region. In the Kapuskasing District white spruce plantations were damaged at two 

locations (30 per cent and 20 per cent of the trees at sample locations in Sankey 

and Studholme townships respectively). Damage in the Cochrane District was confined 

to a few red and white pine plantations. 

TABLE 4 

Other Noteworthy Diseases Collected in the Northern Region 


Organism - Host(s) Remarks 

,52132..opesea= 

Apiosporina collinsii (Schw.) Se Common in Cochrane and Swastika 

Hoehn. districts. 

Armillaria mellea (Fr..) Kummer bS, wS, Light tree mortality occurred at 

pCh several points in all districts. 

Bifusella crepidiformis Darker bS Light-to-heavy infections at 

numerous locations in the Swastika 

District. 

Ceratosystis minor (Hedge.) Hunt. jP Blue stain in ambrosia beetle 

tunnels, Frost Township, 


Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Diet bS Light in Thomas Township, Cochrane 

District. 

Chrysomyxa ledi deBary wS, bS Heavy infection in Gurney Township. 

Light-to-medium in McMillan 

and Fenton townships of Kapuskasing 

District, in the Smooth Rock 

Falls area of Cochrane District, 

and in Milner Township, Swastika 

District.

Hypoxylon pruinatum 

Lachnella agassizii 

Lachnellula suecica 

Lophodermium nitens 

E5 


Organism Host(s) Re arks 


Chrysomyxa pirolata Wint. 

Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins 

Coccomyces tumidus (Fr.) DeN. 

Coleosporium asterum (Deit.) Syd. 

Coryneum negundinis Berk. & Curt. mM 

Cryptodiaporthe densissima (Ell.) 

Wehm. 

cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. 

Cytospora friesii Sacc. bF 

Daldinia concentrica (Bolt.) Ces. wB 

& de Not. 

Dermea balsamea (Pk.) Seav, bF 

Dibotryon morbosum (Schw,) Theiss. pCh, 

& Syd. ecCh 

Fames ignarius (L. ex Fr.) Gill. tA, wB 

Gloeosporium spp. 

Hymenochaete agglutinans Ell. 


Dearn, 

Se 

jP 

(Klotsche) cke. tA 

(Berk. & curt.) bF 

Seav, 

(de By. ex Fuchel) scP 

Nannf. 

Darker wP 

bS Heavy at points north of Smooth 

Rock Falls, Cochrane District and 

in Rodgers Township, Kapuskasing 

District. 

collect in Mabee Township, 

Cochrane District, 

pCh, ecCh Light-to-heavy throughout the 

region. 

Light at several points in the 

cochrane District and in Studholme 

Township, Kapuskasing 

District. 

Heavy at several points in Cochrane 

and Kapuskasing districts. 

Collected at South Porcupine 

(possible first Canadian record). 

r0 Heavy on ornamentals at Chariton, 

Swastika District. 

tA, W, Light at many points in the region, 

sPo, bAs, 

bPo 

w; wB 

Ha s moM, 

wB 

jP 

Collected from dead host in Studholme 

Township, Kapuskasing District. 

collected in Rodgers Township in 

the Kapuskasing District. 

Light infection in Whitesides 

Township, Cochrane District. 

Found commonly in the region. 

Observed on mature and weakened 

trees in Swastika and cochrane 

districts. 

Heavy infections in Lee Township, 

Swastika District and light in 

Shearer and Rodgers townships, 


Common in understory and cutover 

areas in the Cochrane District. 

Heavy in Morrisette and Bannockburn 

townships, Swastika District and 

light in Freele and Tisdale townships 

of cochrane District. 

Common throughout the region. 

Light in Tisdale Township, 

Cochrane District. 

Collected in Kettle Lakes Park. 

Light in Whitesides Township in 

the cochrane District.

E: 6 


Organism 

Remarks 

Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad. jP Heavy on a few trees in the 

ex Fr.) Chev. 


Marssonina populi (Lib.) Sacc. 

Heavy on trees growing on poor 

sites in Shaw and Whitesides 

townships of Cochrane District. 

Melampsoridium betulinum (Fr.) wB Light in Speight Township, 

Kleb. 

Swastika District, First Ontario 

record on white birch. 

Melampsora spp. W, t A Light-to-heavy infections 

throughout the region. 

Melampsorella caryophyllacearum bF Yellow witches' broom damage 

Schroet. common in the region. 

Monolinia amelanchieris (Reade) Se Light infections in Fauquier 

Hony. 

Township , Kapuskasing District. 

Mycosphaerella colorata (Pk.), Sheep Medium at several points in the 

Earle. laurel Cochrane District. 

Mycosphaerella gaultheriae (Cke. Winter- Light at several points in the 

& Ell.) House green Cochrane District. 

Nectria galligena Bres. stM 

Medium infection in Minks 

Township, Swastika District. 


Reid & Cain 

Nyssopsora clavellosa (Berk.) Arth. 

Common in the Swastika District. 

Arena sp. Medium in Gurney Township, 

Clintonia KapuskasIng District, and_ light 

sp. in Thomas Township , cochrane 

District. 

Peridermium sp. jP Light at points in Divisions 43 

and 45 in the Cochrane District, 

and in Kimberly Township, 

Swastika District. 

Phragmidium sp. Wild Heavy in Clavet and Wickstead 

rose 

townships, Kapuskasing District, 

and light at many points in the 


Phoma sp. bF Heavy at single locations in 

the Swastika and Kapuskasing 

districts. 

Pollaccia saliciperda (All. & Tub.) 

Symptoms prevalent in Teck and 

v. Arx Lee townships, Swastika District. 

Poria oblique (Pers. ex Fr.) wB Noted at several locations in 

the Cochrane District. 

Puccinia asteris Duby Aster Common in the region. 

Puccinia bolleyana Sacc. 

Puccinia caricina (Schum.), Schroet. 

Puccinia dioicae Magn. 

Elderberry Noted at several points in the 

Cochrane and Swastika districts. 

Ribes sp. Heavy in Garrison Township and 

light at several points elsewhere 


Goldenrod Collected in Teetzil Township, 

Kapuskasing District and in 

Terry Township , Swastika District.

E 7 


Puccinia malvacearum Bert. ex Mont. Hollyhock Collected in South Porcupine, 

Puccinia mesomajalis Berk. & Curt. Clintonia Heavy infections in Teetzel Townex 

Pk. sp. ship, Kapuskasing District and 

light in the cochrane District. 

Puccinia porphyrogenita Curt. 

bF Single collection from Cochrane 

ex Thum. 

District, 

Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. Thali- Heavy infection in Hilliard Townctrum 

ship, Swastika District, 

sp. 

Pucciniastrum sp. bF Single collections of infected 

cones from each district. 

Rehmiellopsis balsamea Waterman bF Light damage in Division 43, 

cochrane District. 

Rhytisma acerinum Pers. ex Fr. rM, moM Heavy in Knight Township, 

Swastika District and light elsewhere 


Rhytisma punctatum Pers. ex Fr. moM Found commonly in the region. 

Rhytisma salicinum Pers. ex Fr. 

Medium-to-heavy infections at 

many points in the region. 

Sarcotrochila balsameae (Davis) bF 

Heavy at one location in Otto 

Korf 

Township, Swastika District. 

Septotinia populiperda Water. & tA Light in Macklem Township, Coch- 

Cash. rane District. 

Thyronectria balsamea (Cke. & Pk.) bF 

Light on a few trees in Whitesides 

Seav. Township, Cochrane District. 

Tranzchelia pruni-spinosae (Pers.) pCh Light on one tree in Godfrey 

Township, Cochrane District. 

Tubercularia vulgaris Tode. ex Fr. scP Medium in the Spruce Falls Nursery. 

Uncinula salicis (DC. ex Merat) Wint. bPo, W Heavy in Gauthier Township, 

Swastika District and light at 

points in the Cochrane District. 

Fume Injury All Considerable damage to all tree 

species species near Virginiatown, Swastika 

District. 

White pine needle blight wP Heavy on a few small trees in 

McArthur Township, Cochrane District.

E 8 

Cham. 

Gall Aphids on Spruce 


A Pitch Midge 


Jack-pine Budworm' 


A Twig Borer on Jack Pine 

European Spruce Sawfly.. 

Birch Leaf Miner......... 

American Aspen Beetle 

A Weevil on Scots Pine 


STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE COcHRANE DISTRICT 





Leaf-folding Sawflies 



Larch Sawfly 



A Poplar Leaf Miner 

Spruce Bud Midge 

Pine Tip Moth 

Wood Wasps 

Pine Tortoise Scale • • • 

Poplar Leaf-mining Beetles 

Bark Beetles 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects collected 

Adelges spp. E 

Bucculatrix canadensisella 

Page 

cecidomyia reeksi Vock. E a 

choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) E 9 

choristoneura pinus Free E 9 

coleophora laricella nu. 

conophthorus sp. 


Fenusa pusilla Lep. 

Gonioctena americana (Scheer.) 

Hylobius sp. 


Chain. 


Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar) 



Phyllocolpa spp. 



Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) 


Profenusa thomsoni. (Konow) 



Rhyacionia adana Heinrich 

Siricidae 

Toumeyella numismaticum (Pettit 

and McD.) 

Zeugophora spp. 

9 

9 

E 10 

E 10 

E 10 

E 10 

E 11 

E 11 

12 

E 13 

E 13 

E 13 

E 14 

E 15 

E 16 

E 16 

E 16 

E 16 

E 17 

E 17 

17 

E 17 

E 17 

E 17 

E 18 

H. R. Foster

E 8 


Gall Aphids on Spruce, Adelges spp. 

Several gall aphids on spruce increased considerably in numbers in the district 

in 1965. The pineapple gall aphid, Adelges lariciatus (Patch), which occurred only 

in small numbers in the past, was abundant in 1965 on open-grown white spruce trees 

in Division 44. The number of galls was particularly high on a few ornamental trees 

in the Town of Cochrane. Population levels of the eastern spruce gall aphid, 

Adelges abietis L., were high on Norway spruce near Iroquois Falls. An introduced 

species, Adelges strobilobius Kalt., occurred in appreciable numbers on black spruce 

trees in the southern part of Division 43, 

Birch Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella cham. 

Infestations of the birch skeletonizer that occurred in the district in 1964 

declined generally to light intensity. Light infestations persisted in most of the 

district south of a line from Abitibi Lake to Homuth Township. Within this area 

pockets of medium infestation were observed along lakeshores and in a few farm 

woodlots. 

Sharp declines in larval numbers were observed at several points in Division 

43 following the leaf-mining stage of the insect. Larval development was retarded 

by the cold wet summer and some were found in the second moult on September 10. 

Larval counts at sample points were lower than in 1964 (Table 5.) 

Table 5 

Summary of Larval counts of the Birch Skeletonizer on White Birch Foliage in. 

the cochrane District in 1964 and 1965. 

Note: Based on the examination of four leaves taken at cardinal points from each 

of five trees at each location. 

Location 

Date checked Total no. of larvae per leaf 

(township) 


1964 1965 1964 1965 

Mortimer Sept. 1 211 128 11 6 

Calder Sept, 3 156 108 8 5 

Glackmeyer Sept, 3 91 52 5 3 

Ogden Sept. 8 113 102 6 5 

Hillary Sept. 8 57 46 3 2 

Macklem Sept. 9 106 22 5 1 

Average number of larvae 

A Pitch Midge, cecidomyia reeksi Vock. 

Populations of this insect have remained at a low level since 1962. No infested 

shoots were found in sample plots in Denton, Stimson, and Hepburn townships and 

minor increases in numbers of infested shoots occurred at four other sample points 

(Table 6).

E 9 

Table 6 

Summary of Pitch Midge Larval counts on Jack Pine in the cochrane District from 1963 

to 1965. 

Location 

v . o 

sample trees 

examined in 

No. shoots sof 

Per cent of shoots infested 

(township) in feet 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Robb 30 181 1.3 0.0 2.2 

Murphy 23 193 4.0 0.6 11.0 

German 17 211 1.6 0.0 0.9 

calvert 17 188 2.3 0.0 1.1 

Spruce Budworm, choristoneura fumiferana (clem.) 

Low populations of the spruce budworm occurred on open-grown white spruce trees 

at Departure Lake in Haggart Township, in a small area in Timmins Township and on 

balsam fir trees in Kendrey and Haggart townships. collections of a few larvae were 

made at six other locations in the district. 

Jack-pine Budworm, choristoneura pinus Free. 

Small numbers of larvae were collected from Iroquois Falls to Lipsett Lake in 

the eastern part of Division 43. Appreciable numbers occurred on open-grown jack 

pine trees in calvert and Timmins townships. A total of eight collections was made 

in 1965 compared with one collection during the three previous years. 

Larch casebearer, coleophora laricella Hbn. 

This insect was first collected in the cochrane District in 1960. Surveys 

between 1961 and 1964 failed to extend its distribution beyond the South Porcupine 

area. In 1965 small numbers of larvae were found in calvert, Lamarche, and Fournier 

townships representing a considerable extension in the known range of the insect in 

the district. 

A Twig Borer on Jack Pine, Conophthorus sp. 

Light infestations of this insect occurred commonly on open-grown jack pine trees 

in Division 43. Except in Homuth Township, the insect was observed less frequently 

in Division 44 than in 1964. counts of damaged twigs increased appreciably in Robb 

and Tisdale townships and decreased in Murphy and McKeown townships (Table 7). 

Table 7 

Summary of Damage by a Twig Borer on Twenty Jack-pine Trees in the cochrane District 

in 1964 and 1965. 

Av, d.b.h. of Total number of 

Location sample trees damaged shoots 

(township) in inches 1964 

• 

Sheraton ' 9 

Tisdale 5 28 41 

Murphy 13 8 

0 

Robb 3 15 

58 

McKeown 3 21 

10 

umber o infested 

leaders 

0 000

E 10 


This sawfly has occurred commonly in small numbers on black and white spruce in 

the district since 1960. The insect occurred frequently in beating mat samples during 

the first generation in 1965, particularly in the cochrane-Smooth Rock Falls area. 

Quantitative samples produced lower numbers of larvae in 1964 than in 1963 and 1965 

(Table 8). 

Table 8 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval counts Made in cochrane District from 1963 

to 1965. 

Note: counts are based on the total number of larvae found on 15 tray samples at 

each point. 

Location 

(township) 

Leitch 

Hanna 

Teefy 

Tisdale 

Calder 

ee Av. .b.h. of Total number of larvae 

species sample trees sample point 

sampled in inches. 1963 1964 

wS 5 9 4 4 

bS 3 3 0 1 

wS 5 2 0 1 

wS 6 5 0 17 

wS 8 25 1 4 

Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pusilla Lep. 

This European insect has slowly spread across the settled areas of Swastika 

District since it was first collected in 1961. It was collected for the first time 

in Cochrane District in 1965 when a heavy infestation was found on two ornamental 

white birch trees in the Town of Timmins. This leaf miner generally infests 

open-grown white birch and does little damage in forest stands. 

American Aspen Bettle, Gonioctena americana (Schaef.) 

Pockets of medium infestation occurred in the townships of Hillary, Keefer, and 

Whitesides in the southwestern corner of Division 43. Light infestations were 

observed elsewhere in Division 43 and at a few points in Division 44. Regeneration 

and pole-size trembling aspen trees were the favoured hosts but a light infestation 

was observed on large aspen trees near Smooth Rock Falls. 

A Weevil on Scots Pine, Hylobius sp. 

A species of root collar weevil killed 23 Scots pine trees in a 1956 provenance 

test plot in the Kettle Lake Park area and two trees in a nearby 1954 plantation. 

Larvae of the weevil were tentatively identified as Hylobius warreni Wood. The 

weevil showed little preference for any of the five strains of Scots pine in the 

test plot (Table 9).

E 11 

Table 9 

Summary of Weevil Attack on Five Strains of Scots Pine in a 1956 Provenance Test in 

the Kettle Lakes Park in 1965. 

Number of trees 

Per cent 

Scots pine Total number of infested by of trees 

strain trees examined weevil infested 

Adirondacks 13 3.0 

Norfolk 175 5 3.0 

Austria 261 1 0.3 

Belgium 269 3 1.0 

Denmark 326 10 3.3 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella cham. 

High populations of this insect recurred in Denton and Hillary townships in 

the southern part of Division 43 and north of Smooth Rock Falls in Homuth Township. 

Low populations were observed on young trembling aspen at many points in the district 

and at a few locations on balsam poplar (Table 10), Several collections were made 

from willow. 

Table 10 

Summary of Aspen Blotch Miner Counts in the cochrane District from 1963 to 1965. 

Note: Based on the examination of 100 leaves taken at random from the mid point of 

three 15-foot trees at each point. 

Location 

(township) 

Tree 

species 

Number of mines per 100 leaves 

1963 1964 ,1965 

Dempsay tA 9 0 5 

Mount joy tA. 5 2 1 

Haggart tA 49 4 11 

Brower tA 8 0 3 

bPo 1 0 3 

tA 

8 

0 

bPo 

6 

Murphy 

4 

0 

1 

clute tA 6 1 2 

bPo 8 5 12 


A decline in numbers of the forest tent caterpillar occurred in the district.. 

Light infestations in German, Whitney, and Tisdale townships in 1964 subsided in 1965.. 

Single larva were collected at five locations in the district. Severe frosts during 

the larval period in both 1963 and 1964, and parasitism in 1964 were important control 

factors.. No egg bands were found in the district in the fall.

E 12 

Egg bands of the forest tent caterpillar were collected on May sixth and set up 

for hatching tests at the South Porcupine Headquarters. Suitable hatching weather 

prevailed until May 13 when severe frost occurred. Hatching was sporadic and only 

five per cent of the eggs hatched by the end of May. Records of day-to-day hatching 

of 10 egg bands are shown in Table 11. 

Table 11 

Summary of Forest Tent caterpillar Hatch from Ten Egg Bands in the cochrane District 


Number of larvae hatched from egg bands 

Date of hatch 1 2 3 I 5 6 7 10 

May 12 - - 24 

1144,7,, 


Heavy infestations of this insect occurred on a few balsam fir trees in Adanac 

Township and light infestations were observed in the adjoining townships of Webster 

and Homuth. Light infestations occurred on white spruce and balsam fir trees at 

the western outskirts of South Porcupine. Elsewhere in the district only scattered 

colonies of this sawfly were collected from balsam fir, white and black spruce trees. 


This insect occurred more commonly in Division 43 than in recent years. 

Population levels increased at sample locations in Tisdale Township, and decreased 

in Fournier Township (Table 13). Heavy rainfall and cold weather delayed 

development of the insect and mid-instar larvae were collected as late as September. 

Table 13 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Counts on Ten Jack-pine Trees in the 

cochrane District from 1963 to 1965. 

Location 

(township) 

Robb 

Tisdale 

Fournier 

Calvert 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches. 

3 

5 

2 

5 

No, of trees 

infested in 


2 

Total number of colonies 

1963 on ten trees 


• 9 12 

16 6 16 

2 16 2 

5 

Leaf-folding Sawflies, Phyllocolpa spp. 

Several species of leaf-folding sawflies formerly identified as Nematus spp. 

were regrouped in 1965 into the genus Phyllocolpa. High populations occurred on 

trembling aspen understory in Bartlett and Keefer townships. Elsewhere in the 

district population levels were low. Larval counts were negative at six locations 

in 1964 but averaged two larvae per 100 leaves in 1963 and 1965 (Table 14). 

Table 14 

Summary of Leaf-folding Sawfly counts on Trembling Aspen in the cochrane District 


Note: Based on the examination of 100 leaves taken at random from three trees at 

each point. 

Brower 2 2 0 2 

Murphy 2 2 0 3

E14 

TABLE. 14 (continued) 

Location v. d.b.h, of sample be of folds on one hundred leave 

town hi trees in feet 1 1 6 1 . 6 1 6 

Haggart 2 1 0 5 

Dempsay 2 3 0 0 

Clute 2 1 0 2 

Mount joy 3 0 0 1 

Medium to heavy infestations of a leaf-folding sawfly on balsam poplar persisted 

in farm areas around Cochrane and in cutover areas in Division 43. Light to medium 

infestations occurred at many other points in the district. 

High populations of a third species, Phyllocolpa sp. near agamus occurred on 

narrow-leafed willow in Hanna Township, 


heavy infestation of the white-pine weevil persisted on white spruce trees 

on an abandoned farm in Whitney Township. A medium infestation occurred on second 

growth jack pine trees in Sheraton Township. Light infestations were observed on 

white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and Scots pine at many other points in the 

district. Minor increases in numbers of weevilled leaders occurred at six sample 

points (Table 15). 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Trees Weevilled at Sample Points in the Cochrane District 


Location 

(township) 

The 

species 


trees in feet 

Per cen of trees weevilled 


Sheraton bS 12 1 4 

jP 12 1 12 

Calder wS 7 4 7 

Whitney wS 10 18 27 

Hanna bS 10 0 2 

Homuth bS 14 3 5 

Dempsay bS 11 0 3 

Tallies of white-pine weevil attacks were made in eleven strains of Scots pine 

in a provenance test plot in German Township (Table 16). Several interesting finding 

resulted from the survey. Susceptibility to weevil attack varied from no attack on 

the Adirondack strain to 39 per cent on the West Baltic and Cevennes strain. Equally 

interesting was the ability of some strains to recover from severe adult weevil feeding 

and by smothering the young larvae with pitch. The highest percentage of successful 

weevil attack occurred in the slow-growing strains in most in tances. Further studies 

will be carried out in 1966.

E, 15 

Table 16 

Summary of White-pine Weevil Attack on Eleven Strains of Scots Pine in German Township 

Note: Growth rate . based on the average length of 10 representative leaders for each 

strain. 

Origin 

of seed 

No. of trees 

examined in 


a verage 

leader 

growth 

in inches 

Per cent 

of trees 

attacked 

Per cent of infested 

leaders 

Killed 

Survived 

Auvergne 60 6 23 78 22 

Haute Loire 5 

77 

17 77 23 

:Finland 83 5 11 11 89 

South Finland 63 5 19 75 25 

cevennes 126 5 39 61 39 

Adirondack 92 7 0 0 0 

East Baltic 172 9 25 23 77 

Sweden 102 9 15 7 93 

West Europe 162 10 15 58 42 

Lower Austria 93 11 27 32 68 

West Baltic 144 12 39 16 84 


Population levels of this primitive sawfly were considerably reduced, however, 

small numbers of trees were heavily infested at several points in the district 

(Table 17). 

Table 17 

Summary of Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly Counts in the cochrane District from 1963 to 1965 

Note: Based on the examination of all buds on four branch tips from each of five trees 

at each point. 

Av.. ht. of 

No. of shoots 

Location sample trees examined Per cent of shoots infested 

(township) in feet in 1965 19 3 19 

Haggart 26 379 .5 4.4 0.0 

Thorneloe 12 386 0.0 12.0 0.0 

Calder 28 385 3.9 7.3 4.6 

Timmins 26 389 1. 4.2 3.7 

Pharand 21 376 4 11.1 2.8


Infestations declined to low intensity in the southern part of the district& 

However, a heavy infestation occurred in a cutover area in Heightington Township 

and medium infestations persisted along the Ontario Northland Railway from Moose 

River Crossing to Moosonee. Elsewhere in the district infestations were light 

and generally restricted to single or groups of tamarack trees. Tree mortality 

was light in a few scattered stands in the district. Few trees were infested 

by the eastern larch beetle. 


The distribution of this introduced sawfly increased in the district occurring 

at 17 locations in 1965 compared with five in 1964 (see map). The most northerly 

records of the insect were in Adanac and Heightington townships in Divisions 44 and 45 

respectively. Population levels were low. 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Hiner, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

Population levels of this leaf miner were considerably lower than in 1964 elder 

areas of infestation in the district. Infestations in Frederickhouse, Night Hawk 

Ice Chest, Waddington, Porcupine, and Abitibi lake areas declined from medium in 

1964 to low intensity in 1965 (Table 18). Light to medium populations persisted 

in more recently infested areas northwest of Cochrane and Smooth Pock Falls. 

Table 18 

Summary of Damage by Profenusa thomsoni on White Birch Foliage in the Cochrane 

District in 1964 and 1965. 

Per cent Av. ht. of of Total number of 

Location 

(township) 

Glackmeyer 

Tisdale 

Timmins 

Hillary 

Evelyn 

Mortimer 

sample trees 

in feet 

12 

22 

20 

18 

22 

25 

leaves mined mines 

1964 1965 1964 1963 

33 9 145 12 

12 10 24 14 

23 3 75 11 

10 5 22 

34 5 98 

40 11 103 

A Poplar Leaf Roller, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm 

A heavy infestation of this leaf roller recurred in the Jowett Lake area in 

Clute Township where trembling aspen trees in all size classes were attacked. A 

medium infestation occurred on understory trembling aspen in the Calder Township. 

Light infestations were observed. at many points in Division 44 and at a few locations 

in Division 43 and 45.

E 17 

Spruce Bud Midge Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

Population levels of this insect were extremely low in 1964 and 1965. Quantitative 

samples at six locations produced negative results and the insect was difficult 

to find at plots in Hanna and Matheson townships. High parasitism was observed 

in the field and a collection of infested buds from Calder showed 41 per cent 

parasitism. 

Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia adana Heinrich 

A light infestation of the pine tip moth has persisted on red pine regeneration 

in Kirkland Township since 1960. In 1965 the insect was found for the first time 

on small jack pine trees in the district. Light infestations occurred along bush 

roads in Dempsey, Stimson, and Freele townships. Population levels were high in 

Freele Township where 10 larvae were collected from one 12-inch jack pine tree. 

Small numbers of larvae were observed in a jack pine plantation in Sheraton Township. 

Cocoons of this insect are formed in niches cut into the tree root just below the 

surface of the soil (see photograph). 

Wood Wasps, Siricidae 

Population levels of wood wasps were low in the Cochrane District in 1965. 

However, material containing siricids was collected from balsam fir trees in Evelyn 

Township and from white spruce and jack pine trees in Keefer Township. Blue horntail 

adults, Sirex juvencus (L.), emerged from the jack pine logs. Subsequent cellections 

were made to obtain parasites for M. A. Stillwell of the Fredericton Insect Laboratory. 

As many as nine wood wasp adults emerged per square foot of bark surface but no 

parasites were recovered. 

Pine Tortoise Scale, Toumeyella numismaticum (Pettit and McD.) 

Heavy infestations of this insect occurred on several strains of Scots pine 

in provenance test plots at Kettle Lakes Park. Light infestations were obser V 

on scattered jack pine trees in the vicinity of the Kamiskotia Mine in Robb Township 

and along roadsides in Shaw and Denton townships. 

Poplar Leaf-mining Beetles, Zeugophora spp. 

Populations of these minute beetles declined to trace levels in 1964. Although 

adults and mines were scarce during the first generagion in 1965 appreciable numbers 

of mines were observed in late summer during the second generation. Light infestations 

occurred on trembling aspen in the vicinity of Schumacher and at Gibson 

Lake in Macklem Township and on balsam poplar in Homuth Township. 

Bark Beetles 

Collections of bark beetles were made to determine their distribution in the 

district and to build up reference collections. Seven species of bark beetles were 

collected from various host trees and identified by Dr. J. B. Thomas of the Forest 

Insect Laboratory at Sault Ste. Marie (Table 19)

COCHRANE DISTRICT 

di rm" 

42EVA 

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MOIR 

MEI 



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SEIM I 

MMII® OTIAWAY crammmammem 

EMM OMMMagMEttorg 

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MIUMMOMMEM'Eftw-4 

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MMECTIMMV 

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MCMIL=2MM 

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E 18 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Bark Beetle Collections in the Cochrane District 


Insect Species Ho e Location collected 

(township) 

Dendroctonus piceaperda Hopk. wS Tully 

Dryocoetes autographus (Ratz.) wS Tully 

Ips borealis Sw. wS Tully 

Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw. wP Whitesides 

Pityokteines sparsus Lee. bF Evelyn 

Pityophthorus sp. jp Pharand 

Polygraphus rufipennis Kby. wS Tully 

TABLE 20 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Cochrane District 





Aleyrodidae (white flies) 


Anchylopera burgessiana Zell. 

Anoplonyx canadensis Htgn. 

Aphrophora parallela (Say) 



Argo sp. (formerly pectoralis 

Corythucha sp. 

• Dasyneura balsamicola Lintn. 




Epinotia sp. 


Euura hospes (Walsh) 


Host(s) 

wS , bF 

wS 

bP0, W 

Do 

jP 

ecCh 

tL 

wB 

wB 

bF 

wB 

wS 

W 

Al 

W 

W 

Al 

Remarks 

Light in a small stand in Pyne 

Township. 

Light in the Laughton and 

Heightington townships. 

Light in German Township. 

Light wherever dogwood found in 

the district. 

Light at many points. 

Light at points in Division 44. 

Light at points along eastern 

border of Division 43. 

Light in the Clute and Leitch 

townships. 

Light on a few trees in elute 

Township. 

Few colonies in Macklem Township, 

poor hatch observed in Godfrey 

Township. 

Heavy at points in Division 43. 

Medium in Dundonald and light 

at several other points. 

Low numbers at many points. 

Light in Tisdale Township. 

Light in the Denton Township. 

Heavy in alder catkins at several 

points in the district. 

Light at a few points west of 

Cochrane. 

Heavy on a few trees in the Timmins 

and South Porcupine areas. 

Light in Bradburn Township.

S 

E. 19 


Galerucella cavicollis Lec. 

Galerucella decora Say 

Galerucella sp. near tuberculate 



Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria ( 

Lepidosaph ulmi (Linn.)„ 

Melangromyza schineri (Gir.) 






Phratura purpurea purpurea. Brown 

Phyllocnistis populiella Chem. 


Pineus floccus Patch 

Pineus sinus Gill. 

Rhynchaenus rufipes Lec. 

Sarrothripus cinereana (N. and D.). 

Syneta extorris borealis Brown 

Tenthredinidae # S 37 


pCh 

tA 

Lilac 

Al 

bF 

Al, moM 

tA 

eC 

jP 

jP 

tA 

tA 

wS 

wS 

bPo 

bF 

tA 

bF 

rP 

Medium in the Fournier and 

Dempsey townships and light at 

many other points. 

Population levels reduced from 

heavy in 1964 to light in sr 

south of Smooth Rock Falls. 

Light in Fournier Twp. 

Heavy on ornamentals in Timmins. 

Increased to light at a few 

points. 

Trace populations in the Abitibi 

Lake area. 

Generally light in Division 43. 

Light at several points. 

Light in the Tisdale Township. 

Medium on a few trees in McArthur 

Township and light at several other 

points in Division 43. 

few colonies in Dundonald and 

Mount joy townships. 

Light on a few trees in Dundonald 

Township. 

Light at many points in the district. 

Light in Dundonald Township. 

Low populations at many points. 

Light in Colquhoun Township s a few 

larvae found, at several locations 

in the second generation. 

Light in Geikie Township. 

Light in Evelyn Township. 

Heavy on shiny willow at South 

Porcupine. 

Light on small open-grown tree . 

eased to low numbers in 1965. 

Light in the Tisdale , Mortimer, 

Fournier, and Homuth township. 

Collected in Haggart Township.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE KAPUSKASING DISTRICT 


Pineapple Gall Aphid 

White Flies 

Ugly-nest Caterpillar. 




A Looper on Conifer. 

Pine Root Weevil 


Forest Tent Caterpillar. 




A Leaf-folding Sawfly on Balsam Poplar ..... 

A Leaf-folding Sawfly on Trembling Aspen . . 


Northern Pine Weevil • 



Larch Sawfly 


Poplar Leaf-roller 


Bark Beetles 


Page 

Acleris variana Fern. B 20 

Adelges lariciatus Patch . ... ....E 20 

Aleyrodidae E 20 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch)......E 20 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. E 20 

Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) .. .E 21 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) 21 

Eupithecia filmata Pears. .E 21 

Hylobius warreni (Wood) ....... 22 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Cham. E 22 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. .E 22 

Neodiprion abietes complex B 24 

Neodiprion virginianus complex....E 24 

Petrova albicapitana (Busck) 24 

Phyllocolpa sp. E 25 

Phyllocolpa sp. 26 

Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) ...... J3 27 

Pissodes approximatus Hopk. .0 ... .E 27 

Pissodes strobi (Peck) .E 27 

Pleroneura borealis Felt E 28 

Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.)...E 29 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) E 29 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. E 30 

Rhabdophaga swainei Felt ..E 30 

.E 30 

E 31 

G. T. Atkinson

E 20 

Black-headed Budworm, Acleris variana Fern. 

Little change in the status of this insect occurred in the district in 1965. 

Light infestations occurred on white spruce in Gill Township in 1961 and 1962 and 

then subsided. In 1965 light infestations were observed on white spruce in Gill, 

Way, and Fenton townships. One collection was obtained from black spruce in 

Wicksteed Township. Beating mat samples from the remainder of the district revealed 

very low population levels. 

Pineapple Gall Aphid, Adelges lariciatus Patch 

Heavy infestations occurred on white spruce in Way and Fauquier townships and 

on black spruce in O'Brien Township. A medium infestation was observed on white 

spruce in Gill Township and large numbers of galls in the Kapuskasing-Remi Lake 

area gave white spruce trees an unsightly appearance. Light infestations were 

observed in the remainder of the district. This represented an increase in numbers 

over 1964. 

White Flies, Aleyrodidae 

An undertermined species of white fly, similar in appearance to the common 

greenhouse pest, was collected at two different locations from roadside willow 

trees. Nymphs feeding on the underside of the leaves caused a discolouration that 

also appeared on the upper leaf surface, 

Two small areas of light infestation occurred in Fauquier Township and one 

collection was made in Township 138. 

Ugly-nest caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) 

A historical review of the ugly-nest caterpillar infestations in the 

Kapuskasing District discloses that the last heavy infestation occurred in 

1959 1965 a pocket of infestation was observed on eastern choke cherry in Wicksteed 

Township where quantitative sampling indicated a population of five nests per 

square chain. 


Little change in population levels of this insect occurred at sample stations 

compared with 1964. A summary of quantitative sampling at seven locations shows 

that the average number of larvae on 175 leaves was 1.9 in 1964 and 1.6 in 1965 

(Table 5). However, heavy infestations were found in Fauquier, O'Brien, and 

Hansen townships and medium infestations occurred in Wicksteed, Ecclestone, Usnac, 

and Opazatika townships. In the remainder of the district infestations were light.

" 

E21 

TABLE 5 

summary of Larval counts of the Birth Skeletonizer on White Birch 

Foliage in the Kapuskasing District in 1964 and 1965 

Total No. of larvae Av. No, of larvae 

Location Date per 25 leaves per leaf 

(township) 1964 1965 1964 1965 1964 1965 

Seaton Aug. 20 Aug, 31 46 37 l.8 1.5 

Wicksteed " 29 " 29 62 71 2.5 2.8 

0'Brien 

" 31 " 31 76 85 3.0 3.4 

Stoddart 

McMillan 

Sept. 4 Sept. 3 16 

12 

0.6 0.5 

i 

" 

4 

i 

" 3 16 

15 

0.6 

0.6 

" 

3 

Gill 

4 

23 16 0.9 0.6 

Studholme " " 3 

4 106 47 4.2 1.9 

Larch casebearer, coleophora laricella (Hbn.) 

The first record of the larch casebearer in Kapuskasing District was recorded 

in Fauquier Township in 1961 but intensive searching since that time has produced 

no extension of distribution. Quantitative sampling in Fauquier Township over the 

past four years revealed a gradual increase in numbers. The average number of larvae 

per 18-inch branch tip increased from 0.4 in 1962 to 5.8 in 1965. 

A mass collection of pupae taken from Fauquier in the early summer of 1965 

revealed that 83.3 per cent of the larvae were parasitized by the introduced parasite 

A athis pumila (Rata.). The closest point at which this parasite was released was 

380 miles south of Fauquier, 


The European spruce sawfly was collected for the first time in the district in 

1961. In 1965 more larvae were collected in beating mat samples than in past years 

but few were found elsewhere in the district, 

A Looper on Conifer, Eupithecia filmata Pears. 

This looper is found commonly from coast to coast in canada but 1965 marked 

the first year that large numbers of collections have been recorded in the Kapuskasing 

District. The predominant host in canada is white spruce (canada Department of 

Forestry, Volume 3, Forest Lepidoptera of Canada, Recorded by the Forest Insect Survey), 

but in the Kapuskasing District the insect was found in about equal numbers on white 

spruce and balsam fir and less commonly on black spruce. Light infestations occurred 

on white spruce in Way Township aid on balsam fir in Rogers Township. Small numbers 

were collected on beating mat samples from the remainder of the district.

E 22 

A Root Weevil, Hylobius warreni (Wood) 

Positive identification of this root weevil was obtained in the Kapuskasing 

District in 1965. Two Scots pine trees with discoloured foliage were examined at 

the Spruce Falls Nursery at Moonbeam. Adult root weevils were located in pitch 

impregnated tunnels in the soil surrounding the root collar. 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella cham. 

The results of quantitative sampling reflected the rise in population levels 

of this insect that occurred in 1965 (Table 6). Roadside and open-grown trembling 

aspenregenerationwere most commonly infested. Heavy infestations were observed in 

0'Brien, Gurney and Torrance townships. Light infestations occurred in Rogers and 

Nansen townships and in Township 138. The insect was collected from willow at two 

locations in Fauquier Township. Small numbers were found on trembling aspen 

regeneration in the remainder of the district. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Aspen Blotch Miner counts Based on the Examination of 100 

Leaves Taken at Random from Three Trembling-aspen Trees at Each Location 

Av. height Per cent of 

Total No, of mines 

Location of trees leaves mined 

per 100 leaves 

(township) in feet 1963 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Wicksteed 

9 

20 0 3 

23 0 3 

O'Brien 

12 

24 

14 6 

27 

8 

Gurney 15 16 1 6 18 1 6 

Torrance 10 0 3 7 0 3 8 

Gill 12 30 1 2 33 1 3 

Forest Tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn. 

The last forest tent caterpillar outbreak in the Kapuskasing District occurred 

from 1948 to 1954. 

A small area of defoliation was reported in Bicknell Township in 1964 by 

A. Baxter, Department of Lands and Forests and subsequent ground checks in the spring 

of 1965 produced small numbers of 1964 egg bands. Defoliation was severe in this 

area in 1965 and moderate to severe defoliation occurred in the adjoining townships 

of Boyce, Burrell, Shuel and Mulloy. Immediately north of Rogers Township poplar 

stands in an area approximately 30 square miles were severely defoliated. A small 

pocket of heavy infestation was observed in Foch Township.

A light trap was set up at Remi Lake in 1961 in Fauquier Township to capture 

moths. Since the trap is situated about 100 miles east of the heavy infestation, 

the number of moths captured reflects local populations rather than those in the 

western part of the district. The results of five years use of the light trap are 


23 

TABLE 7 

Synopsis of Light Trap Results in the Kapuskasing District from 


Year 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 

No. of moths 1 1 13 8 

Five mass collections of cocoons were dissected from Burrell Township and on 

the periphery of the infestation centred in Township 138. The results show an 

unusually low degree of successful moth emergence, Table 8. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of cocoon Dissection Results in the Kapuskasing District 


Location 

(township) 

Emerged Diseased 

Per cent of cocoons 

Predation Parasitized Unsuc.Emerg, 

Doubtful 

Burrel 8 4 0 88 0 0 

138 (North) 8 3 5 81 0 2 

138 (East) 17 2 25 54 2 0 

138 (South) 4 4 16 74 1 0 

138 (West) 6 6 6 82 0 0 

Egg band counts made in the two remote areas of infestation to forecast 

defoliation (Table 9) revealed high numbers of eggs and severe defoliation of aspen 

stands is expected in 1966. 

TABLE 9 

Infestation Forecasts for the Kapuskasing District for 1966 

Location No. of trees Av. Ave height Av. No, of egg Defoliation 

(township examined d,b,h. in feet bands per tree forecast 

138 3 10 78 23 Severe 

Bicknell 3 14 30 28 Severe

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E 24 


Population levels of this insect have remained low in the district since 1953. 

A slight increase in numbers occurred in 1965 although defoliation was very light. 

Small pockets of light infestation were recorded in Rogers and Nansen townships and 

in Township 138. Small numbers were found in the remainder of the district. 

collections were made in equal numbers from balsam fir and white spruce and fewer 

from black spruce. 


A review of past records shows that minor fluctuations in the population levels 

of this sawfly have occurred in the district since 1954. Small numbers of colonies 

were observed in Gurney and McMillan townships in 1965, 

Weather retarded the development of this insect and collections of mid-instar 

larvae were found as late as September 15. Three colonies of larvae moved to a tree 

equipped with a funnel trap dropped from the foliage and died in the trap. On the 

basis of this experiment only low numbers of larvae reached maturity in the district 


The results of quantitative sampling are shown in Table 10. 

colony counts of the Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly on Ten Jack-pine 

Trees at each Location in the Kapuskasing District in 

1964 and 1965 

TABLE 10 

Location Av. d.b.h. No. of infested trees Av. No. of colonies per tree 

(township) in inches 1964 1965 1964 1965 

clavet 

10 0 2,0 0.0 

McMillan 3 1 3 0.2 0.3 

Wicksteed 14 6 0 1.3 0.0 

Gurney 3 8 1.4 0.4 

Gill 3 3 0 0.6 0.0 

Pitch Nodule Maker, Petrova albicapitana (Busck) 

No appreciable change in population levels of this insect has occurred in the 

district in recent years. Past records show that light infestations occurred at 

scattered points in 1959. Only small numbers were observed between 1960 and 1964 

but in 1965 nodules formed by the insect were abundant in a small jack pine 

plantation in Fenton Township (Table 11). Elsewhere in the district numbers remained 

low.

E 25 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Damage by the Pitch Nodule Maker in the Kapuskasing 


Location Av. d,b,h. No, of trees 

(township) in inches examined 

of 

nodules per tree 

Fenton 2 50 30 0.6 

Gurney 3 10 0.1 

Gill 25 1 0.04 

McMillan 100 1 0.01 

A Leaf folding Sawfly on Balsam Poplar, Phyllocolpa sp. 

Medium to heavy infestations of this leaf-folding sawfly recurred on balsam 

poplar regeneration. Infestations were generally confined to trees up to 15 feet 

in height but small numbers were found on the lower crown of larger trees. 

Scattered medium to heavy infestations were found in all divisions and light 

infestations occurred in Fauquier and Studholme townships. 

A slight increase in the incidence of leaf folds over 1964 occurred at 

sample locations (Table 12). 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damage to Balsam Poplar Foliage in the Kapuskasing 


Av height No. o o, o 

Location or trees leaves per tree folded leaves 

(township) in feet 1964 1965 1964 1965 

Fauquier 6 276 305 63 

Mccrea 6 340 286 93 

McMillan 7 407 423 115 

Seaton 6 283 323 72 

en o eaves 

folded 


73 22,8 23. 8 

87 27,3 30.4 

127 28,2 30.0 

87 25.4 26,9 

A comparison of larval survival between 1964 and 1965 showed that slightly 

over 14 per cent more larvae reached maturity in 1964 than in 1965. A total of 217 

folded' leaves in 1964 had an average of 25.7 per cent survival and in 1965 a total 

of 256 folded leaves showed an average survival rate of 39.8 per cent, 

Larval survival in 1965 is summarized in Table 13,

E 26 

TABLE 13 

Survival of Phyllocolpa sp. in Leaf-folds of Balsam Poplar 

in the Kapuskasing District in 1965 

Note: Samples were collected from mid-July to mid-August at different locations 

and are list chronologically. 

Location 

(township) 

Total no. 

of folds 

examined 

Eggs 

unhatched 

Eggs 

parasitized 

Per cent of fold 

No feeding 

scars 

with 

Feeding 

scars but 

no larvae 

Feeding 

scars and No 

larvae egg 

Nansen 60 1.7 16.7 15.0 18.3 40.0 8.3 

Gurney 55 1.8 7.3 14.6 30.9 38,2 7.3 

Torrance 58 3.4 304 0.0 - 25.9 65.5 1.7 

#138 59 0.0 10.1 5.1 35.6 30.5 3.4 

Fauquier 24 0.0 0.0 4.2 62.5 25.0 0.0 

Nine doubtful folds were recorded in the sample from #138 Township and two from 

Fauquier Township. 

A Leaf-folding Sawfly on Trembling Aspen, Phyllocolpa sp. 

A marked increase in population levels of this leaf-folding sawfly occurred 

in the district in 1965. Heavy infestations were recorded in Rogers Township and 

in Township #138. The light infestation that occurred in McCoig Township in 1964 

increased to medium intensity in 1965 and medium infestations also developed in 

Nansen and Studholme townships. Light infestations were recorded in the townships 

of Burrell, Clavet, Parnell and Williamson. Small numbers were found in the remainder 


The results of quantitative sampling shown in Table 14 reveals an increase in 

population levels at all six sample locations. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Leaf-folding Sawfly Counts Based on the Examination of 100 Leaves 

Taken at Random From Three Trembling Aspen Trees at Each Location 

Total no. of leaves 

Location Av. height infested Total no, of folds per 100 leaves 

(township) in feet 1964 165 1964 19q 

Gill 12 1 5 1 8 

Wicksteed 9 0 9 0 12 

Gurney 15 0 3 0 3 

O'Brien 12 4 9 4 11 

Parnell 12 1 8 1 9 

Torrance 10 1 2 1 2

E27 

The examination of 71 leaf folds from three locations revealed an average of 

22.9 per cent larval survival (Table 15). 

TABLE 15 

Survival of Phyllocolpa sp, in Leaf-folds of Trembling Aspen in the 

Kapuskasing District in 1965 

Per cent of folds with 

Total No. 

Location of folds Dead Eggs No Feeding but Feeding No eggs 

(township) examined Eggs parasitized feeding no larva and larvae laid 

Gurney 21 0.0 0.0 23.8 38.0 23.8 14.3 

Torrance 34 2,9 0,0 0.0 61.7 32.4 2.9 

# 138 16 0.0 6.3 25.0 37.5 12.5 18.7 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonemaalaskensis (Roh.) 

An increase in numbers of this insect occurred in 1965. A heavy infestation 

was observed in open-grown white spruce trees along the Algoma central Railway in 

Way Township where 50 per cent defoliation was recorded, Light infestations were 

found on white and black spruce in Rogers Township and a light infestation occurred 

on white spruce in Fenton Township • Small numbers were found in the remainder of the 

district. 

This sawfly was collected from June 28 until September 15. Larvae collected 

late in the season appeared darker in colour than in earlier collections. 


The presence of the northern pine weevil in the Kapuskasing District was 

confirmed by collections in 1965. This weevil was collected from the lower stems 

of three small white-pine trees in Wicksteed Township and from the lower stems of 

two 7-foot Scots pine trees in the Spruce Falls Nursery. 


Very little change occurred in the incidence of weevilling in the Kapuskasing 

District as a whole in 1965. A heavy infestation was recorded in a 9-year-old 

white pine plantation in Wicksteed Township. Eighteen per cent of 50 red pine trees 

examined in the Spruce Falls Nursery at Moonbeam were infested. Light infestations 

occurred on white spruce in Studholme and Gurney townships and on jack pine in Lisgar 

Township. A decline in numbers of infested trees occurred in four of five sample 

plots (Table 16).

E, 28 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil on 100 Trees at 

Each Location in the Kapuskasing District in 1964 and 1965 

Location Av. height Total No. of infested trees 

(township) Host infeet 1964 1965 

Pearce bS 10 

18 6 

8 

Shearer wS 

4 3 

Kohler bS --!, 15 

6 7 

18 Parnell bS 15 

2 

2clavet b8 15 

2 

Thirty per cent of the trees in a mixed plantation in Fauquier Township containing 

40 per cent Scots pine and 20 per cent each of white spruce, jack pine and white pine 

were attacked. The incidence of attack on each tree species is shown in Table 17. 

TABLE 17 

Assessment of Damage by the White-pine Weevil in a Mixed 

Plantation in Fauquier Township in 1964 and 1965 


Small numbers of larvae of this primitive shoot-boring sawfly were found at 

one location in Williamson Township and in Fauquier and 0 'Brien townships, The 

results of quantitative sampling at three locations substantiate the biennial 

occurrence of this insect (Table 18), 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly Larval counts in the Kapuskasing District 


Note: counts were based on the examination of all buds on four branch tips from 

each of five balsam fir trees at each location. 

Location Total No, of buds 

(township) 1964 1965 

Shackleton 0 

Fergus 215 303 

clavet 190 307 

No. of i 

1964 

12 

10 

d buds Per cent of buds infest ed 

1965 1964 


0 

0 5.6 0.0 

0 5.3 0,0

E 29 


A decline in numbers of this sawfly has occurred in the district since 1960. 

Many stands of tamarack that presented a sparse appearance during years of severe 

defoliation produced vigorous growth and a normal complement of foliage in 1965. 

Little defoliation of pole-size to mature stands occurred in 1965 but small 

open-grown and roadside trees were moderately defoliated in the townships of Way, 

casselman, Fenton, O'Brien and McMillan. Occasional colonies were found at scattered 

locations in the remainder of the district. 

Mortality of early instar larvae has been observed throughout the district for 

several consecutive years. The larvae feed very lightly on approximately 8 inches 

of the branch tip and then disappear. To date no causal agent for this apparent 

mortality has been found. 


Very little change in population levels of the amber-marked birch leaf miner 

occurred in 1965. Heavy infestations persisted in Fauquier, Wicksteed, Shearer 

and Usnac townships. Medium infestations occurred in Nansen and casselman townships 

and light infestations were found in Township 138 and in Seaton, Gill, Fintry, 

McMillan and Opazatika townships. Populations were low in the remainder of the 

district. 

A comparison of sampling results in 1964 and 1965 shows that although the 

average number of leaves infested at all sample points was identical in the two 

years, the average number of mines per leaf dropped from 3.0 in 1964 to 2.7 in 1965. 

Minor fluctuations in numbers of the insect at quantitative sampling points are 


TABLE 19 

Summary of Damage by the Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner on 100 White Birch 

Leaves at Each Location in the Kapuskasing District in 1964 and 1965 

Location 

(township) 

No. of leaves affected 


Total No. of mines 


Wicksteed 3 45 127 133 

Fauquier 41 35 113 97 

casselman 12 23 16 41 

Seaton 3 6 8 

Shearer 27 147 93 

Infestations spread slightly north and west in 1965 (see Map), On the northwestern 

edge of the infestation the insect occurred on the foliage of the lower crown 

but in older infestations the Whole crown of hosttrees was infested.

E 30 

Poplar Leaf-roller, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm, 

A marked increase in numbers of this leaf roller occurred throughout the 

district in 1965. Areas of medium-to-heavy infestation are shown on the 

accompanying map. A light-to-medium infestation was observed in Fenton Township 

and light infestations were recorded in the adjoining townships of Fauquier, 

Teetzel and Gurney. Leaf rolls were found at scattered locations in the remainder 

of the district (see photograph). 


The spruce bud gall midge was found in small numbers throughout the district. 

No infested buds were found at four of five sampling stations. A count of 0.47 

infested buds was obtained from black spruce in McCrea Township but none were found 

on 100 white spruce trees examined at the same location. 

Parasites have been abundant in collections from the district in recent years. 

For example, collections in 1963, 1964 and 1965 revealed 57, 100 and 60 per cent 

parasitism respectively. 

Bark Beetles 

Surveys were carried out to determine the species of bark beetles present in 

the district (Table 20). 

TABLE 20 

Summary of Bark Beetle collections in the Kapuskasing District in 1965 

No. of 

Location 

Insect Host(s) collections (town ship) 

Ips perroti Sw. 

Orthotomicus al4044WEich. 

Pityokteines sparsus Leo. 

Pityophthorus sp. 


jP 

scP; wP 

bF 

scP; wP 

bS 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

Studholme 

Wicksteed; Fauquier 

McMillan 

Wicksteed 

Shannon

E31 

TABLE 21 


in Kapuskasing District in 1965 

Host a Remarks 

Acleris celiana Rob. 

Altica tombacina shoemakeri 

Schaeffer 

Argyresthia oreasella Clem. 

Campaea perlata Gn. 


Dioryctria abietivorella Grt. 

Ectropis crepuscularia Schiff. 

Briophes fraxiniflora Felt. 


Filatima betullae Clarke 

Galerucella (decora type) sp. 

-Galerucella decora Say 

Galerucella.(tuberculata type) sp. 

Gonioctena americana (Schaaf.) 

Gonioctena notmani (Schaaf.) 


Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria 

-Pegohylemia anthracina Czermy. 

Pikonema ckii Cress. 

Tenthredin dae #11 


Tetrastichus strobilus Burks 

Trisetacus grosmani Keifer 

.Zeugophora sp. 

wB Light in Fauquier Township. 

Wild rose New Kapuskasing record. 

Se, ecCh Small numbers at scattered locations. 

wB, bF, More common in 1965. 

bS 

wS Low populations. 

jP, wP, Found commonly throughout the 

rP, scP district, 

wS, bF, Common on beating mat samples. 

eC 

bAs Heavy throughout the district. 

Al Medium to heavy throughout the 

district. 

wB, Al Collected commonly, 

tA, bPo Unusual hosts. 

Common in the district. 

tA, bPo Unusual host. 

tA Heavier than past years. 

Severe defoliation by adults in 

Clavet Twp. 

wB Low populations. 

bF Heavier than past years. 

bF Heavy in Gurney Township. 

wS Slight increase in numbers. 

Found commonly in 1965. 

bPo, tA Numbers declined in 1965. 

bF First Kapuskasing record. 

bF First Kapuskasing record. 

bPo A slight increase in numbers.


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MILES 

)0 40 

A LEAF MINER ON BIRcH, 


Progress of known distribution boundaries 

at two year intervals from 


1961 

1963 


Legend


CLAY, 

DOWNER I MERCER CROSS 

I 1 I 

FRANCES NIAWATRA r4sr MoEW/N646LANG 

ELGIE INEWLANDS Down., 

MILES 

)0 40 A LEAF ROLLER ON ASPEN, 


Areas where defoliation occurred 


Legend 

Moderate to severe defoliation.....

STATUS OF INSEcTS IN THE SWASTIKA DISTRIcT 

Page 






Aspen Blot ch Miner 


Western Tent caterpillar 






Larch Sawfly 

Mountain Ash Sawfly 




Bark Beetles 


Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) E 32 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. E 32 

Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) E 33 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) E 33 

Fenusa pusilla Lep. E 34 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. E 34 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. E 34 

Malacosoma pluviale Dyer E 35 

Neodiprion virginianus complex E 35 

Petrova albicapitana (Busck.) E 36 

Pikonema alaskensis Roh. E 36 

Pissodes strobi Peck E 37 

Pleroneura borealis Felt. E 37 

Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) E 38 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) E 38 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) E 38 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. E 39 

Rhabdophaga swainei Felt. E 39 

E 39 

Collected.......,..... E 40 

M. J. Applejohn

E32 

Ugly-nest Caterpillar, Archips cerasiporanus : (Fitch.) 

Population levels of this defoliator increased in the district in 1965. The 

largest numbers occurred near Hanbury cemetery in Harley Township where 287 tents 

were counted in a square chain plot (Table 5). Heavy infestations also occurred 

in Armstrong, and Eby Townships and medium infestations were observed in old fields 

near Bourkes in Benoit Township and in Kearns Township. Small numbers of tents 

were observed at numerous other locations in the district. 

TABLE 5 

Summary Ugly-nest caterpillar colony Counts in the Swastika 


Location 

(township) 

Sample 

Av, tree height 

in feet 

Number of tents 

per sample unit 

1963 1964 1965 

Eby 

Pacaud 

Armstrong 

Kearns 

Harley 

square chain plot 



one mile of roadside 


5 5 0 62 

4 5 0 12 

8 3e 23 47 

4 8 7 19 

4 5 51 287 

Birch Skeletonizer. Bucculatrix Chamb, 

A significant decline in numbers of this insect was recorded (Table 6). The 

heavy infestations reported in most of Divisions 39 and 42 in 1964 declined to 

medium intensity in eleven townships in the northeast corner of Division 39. Light 

infestations interspersed with small pockets of medium infestation persisted elsewhere 

in Division 39 and in most of Divisions 42 and 63. (map). 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Larval Counts of the Birch Skeletonizer on White Birch Foliage at Seven 

Locations in the Swastika District in 1964 and 1965 

Notes Based on examination of five leaves from each of five trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

db.h. 

in inches 



Av. no. of larvae per leaf 


.rtoromoomprommoo. 

Lamplugh 3 272 90 10.2 3.6 

Yarrow 3 201 10 8.0 0.4 

Cairo 6 151 56 6.0 2.2 

Black 3 102 61 4.0 2.4 

Walker 4 228 34 9.1 1.3 

Beauchamp 3 52 0 2.0 0.0 

Marriot 3 315 104 12.6 4.0

E 33 

Larch casebearer. Coleo phora laricella (Hbn.) 

An increase in population levels of the larch casebearer occurred in the 

district for the fourth consecutive year. The largest numbers were observed 

east of Matheson in Harker Township, where quantitive sampling revealed an 

average of 12.9 larvae per 18-inch branch tip (Table 7). Infestations were 

recorded for the first time in Montrose, Harker, and Holloway townships. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Larch casebearer Larval Counts in the Swastika District from 1962 to 1965. 

Notes Counts were based on examination of sixteen 18-inch branch tips from each 

location. 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Av. no. of larvae per branch tip 

1962 1963 1964 1965 

Marte r 4 0.01 0.31 0.56 3.01 

Gauthier 5 1.00 0.37 0.93 7.40 

Powell 4 0.50 0.25 0.75 8.74 

Harley 4 0.00 0.50 1.30 2.50 

Hudson 6 7.45 13.80 8.13 

Harker 7 12.91 

European Spruce Sawfly Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) 

Quantitive sampling revealed minor increases in population levels of this insect 

near New Liskeard in Dymond Township and south of Matheson in Bowman Township (Table 8). 

Although intensive surveys were carried out, only very small numbers of larvae were 

found elsewhere in the district. 

• TABLE 8 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval counts made in the Swastika District from 


Location 

(township) 

Tree 

Species 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Total no. of larvae per 15-mat sample 

1963 1964 1965 

Bowman 

Pacaud 

Dymond 

Eby 

Garrison 

Eby 

w 

w S 

w S 

b S 

w S 

w S 

5 7 13 21 

3 11 17 11 

3 2 5 13 

4 3 2 5 

7 6 9 10 

4 11 11

SWASTIKA DISTRICT 

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0 20 

BIRcH SKELETONIZER 



Legend 

Light with pockets of 

medium infestations 

Medium infestation

E 34 

Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pusilla Lep. 

Since first collected in the District in 1961 this pest of white birch has 

increased greatly in numbers and distribution. In 1965 a further northward 

extension in its range was recorded when a pocket of light infestation was found 

near the Ghost River in Harker Township. In the southern part of the district 

heavy infestations occurred on reproduction, and on the lower branches of larger 

trees in Harris, Teck, Eby, and Dymond townships. A new pocket of heavy infestation 

was observed north of Kenogami Lake in Grenfell Township. Low populations occurred 

at several other locations in the southern part of the district. 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella chamb. 

A small heavy infestation of this blotch miner occurred on trembling aspen in 

Dunmore Township. Medium infestations were recorded on clumps of balsam poplar and 

willow in Barber and Dack townships. Generally low populations were observed in 

the remainder of the district. Light damage was recorded at five permanent sampling 

stations (Table 9). 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Damage caused by the Aspen Blotch Miner in the Swastika District from 


Notes Counts were based on examination of 100 leaves taken from three trembling 

aspen trees at each location. 

Location Av. tree height Percent of leaves mined Total no. of mines 

(township) in feet 1963 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Teck 18 10 0 0 18 0 0 

Playfair 15 31 0 5 40 p 5 

Walker 20 30 23 15 42 31 17 

Kimberly 15 43 40 29 72 59 31 

Marriot 15 16 25 31 50 40 31 


A decline in numbers of this insect occurred in the northern part of the Swastika 

District. No larvae were found in Stock, Taylor, and Bowman townships where small 

light infestations occurred in 1964. However, light defoliation of individual trees 

was observed in seven townships in the New Liskeard area. Egg band counts at four 

locations in the district indicate that only light infestations will occur in 1966. 

(Table 10).

E 35 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Band Counts Made in the Swastika District 

in 1965 and Infestation Forecasts for 1966 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of sample trees AV, no. of egg 

in inches 

bands per tree 

Forecast for 

1966 

Eby 5 0.0 Nil 

Harley 4 1.0 Light 

Harris 4 0.3 Nil 

casey 5 0.0 Nil 

Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma pluviale Dyar 

Heavy infestations of this insect occurred in Walker, Lee, and McEvoy townships. 

Small pockets of new infestation were noted in Hearst and McGarry townships. Quantitative 

sampling showed substantial increases in numbers of tents at four of five 

sampling stations (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Colony counts in the Swastika District from 


Location 

(township) 

Tree 

Species 

Sample Unit 

No.of tents per sample unit 

1963 1964 1965 

Munro Benoit 

Warden 

Argyle 

McEvoy 

p.a. square chain plot 

p.ch. square chain plot 

p.ch. w B one mile of roadside 

p.Ch. one mile of roadside 

p.Ch. one mile of roadside 

17 20 17 

10 23 30 

12 25 

12 16 

9 13 27 

esims•01.1alar 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Neodiprion virginianus complex 

Numbers of this sawfly increased generally with highest counts being recorded 

in chamberlain and Brethour townships (Table 12). Defoliation ranged from 5 to 15 

per cent at most locations where the insect was: found.

E 36 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts Made on Ten Trees in the 

Swastika District from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

No. of trees infested 

1963 1964 1965 


1963 1964 1965 

Playfair 3 2 5 3 0.5 0.8 0.5 

Eby 3 5 3 5 0.5 0.6 0.9 

Maisonville 4 10 10 1.5 1.6 

Teck 2 1 9 2 0.1 1.1 0.3 

Munro 4 5 4 0.6 0.6 

Chamberlain 2 10 1.7 

Brethour 4 10 2.1 

Pitch Nodule Maker, Petrova albicapitana (Buck) 

Numbers of second-year nodules present on pole-sized jack pine trees have been 

counted at six locations for many years. Little change has been evident from year 

to year and the difference between counts in 1964 and 1965 was no exception (Table 13). 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Damage by the Pitch Nodule Maker in the Swastika District in 1964 and 1965 

Location Av. no. of nodules per tree Location Av. no. of nodules per tree 

(township) 1964 - 1965 (township) 1964 1965 

Flavelle 0.9 00 Gauthier 2.7 0.8 

McCann 1.4 1.1 McEvoy 1.3 1.0 

Mc Vittie 0.7 1.2 Michaud 2.0 0.9 


alaskensis Rah. 

Severe defoliation and light mortality of small black spruce trees were caused 

by this insect in plantations in Harley and Henwood townships (See photograph). 

Heavy infestations were also observed in Eby, Dack, Maisonville, and Teck townships. 

Medium-to-heavy infestations occurred on open-grown white and black spruce along 

Highway 65 between New Liskeard and Elk Lake and south of Englehart in Evantural 

Township. Light defoliation was observed at numerous other locations in the district.

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes 

Peck. 

E 37 

Only minor changes in population levels of this insect were detected. L 

heavy infestation occurred near chimenis in McGarry Township where 36 per cent 

of the leaders of sample trees were infested (Table 14). Light-to-moderate 

damage was observed on jack pine reproduction in Argyle and Nordica townships 

and on white pine and black spruce plantings in Bryce Township. Light damage 

occurred in a Lands and Forests red pine provenance test plot in Ingram Township. 

TABLE, 14 

Summary of White-pine Weevil Damage in the Swastika District from 1963 to 1965 

Location Tree No. of trees Percent of trees infested 

(township) Species examined 1963 1964 1965 

Gauthier jP 100 7 8 6 

Grenfell wP 50 22 26 14 

Munro hS 50 — 10 12 

Benoit .113 100 1 6 5 

Nordica JP 100 2 5 12 

McGarry bS 50 — 10 36 

Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly, Pleroneura, borealis Felt. 

Due to a 2 year life cycle, low numbers similar to 1963 were found in 1965 

(Table 15). Small numbers of larvae were observed in Bernhardt, Otto, and Farr 

townships and at two locations in Eby Township. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Damage by the Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly in the Swastika District from 


Note: counts were based on examination of eight 18 inch balsam fir branch tips 

from each location. 

Location 

(township) 

No. of buds 

examined 1965 

No. of buds infested 

1963 1964 1965 

Per cent of buds infested 

1963 1964 1965 

Bernhardt 212 0 5 6 0.0 1.7 . 

Benoit 227 0 57 0 0.0 27.0 0.0 

Eby 219 9 41 11 4.5 17.7 5.0 

Marquis 260 3 40 0 1.5 18.3 0.0 

Farr 251 0 33 4 0.0 16.5 1.5

E 38 


Populations of this sawfly have been declining since 1961. The only exception 

to this trend in 1965 was in a mature tamarack stand in Milner Township where 

sequential sampling revealed that 16.6 per cent of the current years shoots were 

curled. Although small numbers of colonies were observed in most tamarack stands, 

appreciable defoliation was confined largely to individual trees. 


High population levels of this insect persisted in the district. A heavy 

infestation recurred at Four Acre Point on Kenogami Lake in Eby Township for the 

fourth consecutive year. Heavy infestations also occurred in Dufferin, Melba, 

and Nicol townships. Medium infestations were noted along the Raven Lake Road 

in McGarry Township, along the Labyrinth Lake Road in McGarry and Ossian townships, 

and in the Englehart Management Unit in Gross Township. An infestation near 

Boston Creek in Boston Township declined from heavy intensity in 1964 to medium 

intensity in 1965. 


Substantially reduced numbers of miners prevailed on white birch foliage for 

the second consecutive year (Table 16). One pocket of heavy infestation occurred 

near Davis Lake in Tolstoi Township and three small infestations were observed in 

Arnold, Thackery, and Morrisette townships. 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Damage Caused by the Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner in the Swastika District 


Note Counts were based on examination of 100 leaves from three white birch trees 

at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

No, of leaves infested 

1963 1964 1965 

Total no. of 

mines in 1965 

Av, no. of mines per 

infested leaf in 1965 

1.2 

1.2 

1.5 

Playf air 40 31 27 35 

James 60 53 22 30 1 

Stock 43 30 16 21 

Arnold 75 70 40 51 

Van Hise 28 35 15 18 

Clifford 53 58 18 25 1.3 

Otto 56 30 47

E 39 

A Poplar Leaf Roller Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm 

Heavy infestations of this leaf roller persisted for the fourth consecutive 

year in Armstrong, Harley, and Dymond townships and in - the western part of Hilliard 

Township. In casey and Harris townships infestation declined to light intensity 

and damage to the foliage of aspen stands was much lighter than in 1964. A small 

pocket of light infestation occurred in Hudson Township. Small numbers of this 

insect were observed at many other locations in the district. 

Spruce Bud Gall Midge, Rhabdophaga swainei Felt. 

Population of this insect remained at a low level in the district as shown 

in Table 17. 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Damage caused by the Spruce Bud Gall Midge in the Swastika District 


Location 

(township) 

Tree 

Species 

No. of shoots 

Infested in 1965 

Percent of shoots infested 

1963 1964 1965 

Garrison wS 0 0.0 5.5 0.0 

Lebel wS 9 1.7 2.9 4.4 

Dymond wS 0 6.0 0.9 0.0 

Otto wS 1 2.4 1.6 0.9 

Eby bS 5 494 3.5 2.6 

Eby wS 8 9.3 3.1 

Bark Beetles 

In 1964 and 1965 intensive surveys were carried out to determine the distribution 

of bark beetles in the district. The results of these surveys are summarized in 

Table 18 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Bark Beetle Collections Made in the Swastika District in 1964 and 1965 


conophthorus coniperda Sw.. 


Dryocetes affaber Mann. 


Ips borealis Sw. 

s chagnoni Sw. 

Ips perturbatus Eich. 

Ips pin! Say. 


Phloesinus canadensis Sw. 


Pityogenes plagiatus (Lec.) 



Host(s) 

wP 

tL 

wS 

wE 

wS 

jP 

wS 

jP, wS 

wP, bS 

jP 

ec 

wP 

bS 

bF 

wS 

Locations (townships) 

Dufferin 

Eby, Took 

Skead 

Kearns, Casey, Dymond, Harley 

Skead 

Bernhardt 

Corkill, Skead, Eby, Rattray 

Bernhardt, Melba, Grenfell, McEvoy, 

charters, Lawson, Corkin, Arnold, 

Holloway 

Melba 

Hinks 

Tyrrell 

Black 

Gross 

Rattray, Grenfell

E 40 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Swastika District in 1965 


Acleris variana (Fern.) 

Acronicta sperata Grt. 




Anoplonyx luteipes (Ores.) 

Apion simile Kirby 

wS, nS 

caliroa sp. r0: wB 

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) wS 

Cinara strobi (Fitch) 

Dioryctria abietivorella Grt, 

Epinotia corylana McD 


Epinotia transmissana Wlk. 

Eriophyes populi Nal 

Eupithesia filmata Pears 

Gonioctena americana Schaef. 

Gonioctena notmani (Schaef.) 

Gracillaria invariabilis Braun 


Halisidota maculata Harr. 


Se 

wS 

Do 

tL 

tL 

wB 

wP 

wB, bF 

Al 

wB 

wB, dwB 

tA 

wS 

tA 

w 

pCh 

bA, lilac 

Al : W, bPo 

bPo, Al, W 

Light infestations in Boston, 

Ingram and Pacaud townships. 

Light infestation in Grenfell 

Township. 

Small-to-large numbers at 

numerous locations. 

Heavy infestations in Otto and Tack 

townships. 

Medium infestation near old 

Tyranite Mine. 

Medium numbers in Blain and Benoit 

townships. 

Light infestations in Eby and 

McGarry townships. 

Two large collections reared. 

Low numbers of spruce budworm at 

two locations. 

Heavy infestation in Tyrrell 

Township. 

Heavy infestations in Bernhardt 

and Arnold townships. 

Heavy infestations in catkins at 


Light infestation in Hudson Township. 

Small-to-large numbers in Munro, 

Stock and Taylor townships. 

Heavy infestations at several 

locations. 

Large numbers in Boston Township. 

Heavy infestations at three locations. 

Heavy infestation in Lee Township. 

Low populations at several locations. 

Common on lilac in the district. 

common in the district. 

Medium numbers in Armstrong Township, 

1400 larvae sent to Belleville lab 

for shipment to the U.S.S.R.

E 


Host(s) 

Remarks 

Lithocolletis aceriella clem, 

Lithocolletis betulivora Wlshm 

Melaphis rhois (Fitch) 

Nematus hyalinus Nort. 

Nematus limbatus cress. 



Neodiprion nanulus nanulus 

(Schedl.) 


Nymphalis antiopa Linn 

moM 

wB, Ha 

Su 

W 

tA, W 

wS, bF 

jP, rP 

jP 

cPo, tA, 

W 

Paratetranychus ununguis (Jac.) blue S 

wS 


Phlyctaenia tertialis Gn 

Pikonema dimockii (cress.) 

blue S 

El 

Pissodes approximatus Hopk. rP 

Pristiphora lena Kinkaid wS 

Prociphilus tessellatus (Fitch.) Al 

Pyrrhia umbra exprimens Wlk. 

wS, bS 

tA, bPo 

Recurvaria piceaella Kft.. wS, nS 

Recurvaria sp. wB 

Rhyacionia frustrana comst, 

Rhynchaenus rufipes Lec. 

Telphusa sp. 

jP 

W 

dw. B 

Light infestation in Knight 

Township 

Small numbers in Knight and McGarr 

townships. 

Medium numbers in Brethour 

Township. 


in casey township. 

Heavy infestations throughout the 

district. 

Single colonies at numerous 

locations. 

Low populations at several locations. 

Light at several locations 

Light infestation at Banks Lake, 

Ave. of 1.2 colonies per tree. 

Single colonies at numerous 



at New Liskeard and one location 

in the town of Swastika. 

Heavy infestation in New Liskeard. 

High population in Eby Township. 

Common on beating matt samples. 

Light mortality to red-pine plantings 

at three locations. 

Low numbers in Milner Township. 

Heavy infestations at numerous 

locations. 

Large numbers at two locations. 

Light infestations at three 

locations. 

Light infestation of Recurvaria sp. 

new to survey in Lee Township. 

Heavy infestation near Belle Vallee. 

Large numbers in Eby Township. 

Large numbers in Munro Township. 

y

E 42 


Host(s) 

Remarks 


Toumeyella numismaticum P,McD 

Vasates quadripes Shim. 

tA 

Low populations at numerous 

locations. 

jP High populations in Willet, 

Beauchamp, and Hudson townships. 

rM, siM Heavy infestations in Milner and 

Dack townships. 

Zeiraphera fortunana Kft. nS Light infestation near Tomstown 

Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana Ratz. wS 

Zeuophora sp. 

tA, bPo 

Heavy infestation at Hanbury 

Cemetary. 

Heavy infestations in Teck Township, 

light-to-medium infestations at 

numerous other locations.

MIDWESTERN FOREST REGION 



Page 

Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg) F 1 

Shoestring Root Rot 

A Needle Rust of Spruce 



Ink Spot of Aspen 

A Needle Rust 

Black Knot of Cherry 

A Leaf Rust of Mountain Ash 

A Needle Cast of Conifers. 

Eastern Gall Rust 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar 


Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) ex (Fr.) F 1 

Chrysomyxa arctostaphili Diet. F 1 

Chrysomyxa ledi de Bary F 1 

Chrysomyxa ledicola Lagerh. F 1 

Ciborinia whetzelii (Seay.) F 1 

Coleosporium asterum (Diet) Syd. F 2 

Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) Theiss F 2 

and Syd. 

Gymnosporangium sp. 

F2 

Hypodermella ampla (J. J. Davis) F2 

Peridermium sp. F 3 

Pollaccia elegans Serv. F 3 

Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) Bald & F4 

Cif. 

Frost Injury . F 4 

Snow Damage •• •• F 4 

Other Noteworthy Diseases ..... . . .... F 5 


INTRODUCTION 

Midwestern Forest Region 

The following report contains the status of forest insects and tree diseases 

in the Midwestern Region in 1965. The results of surveys on the larch sawfly and 

tree diseases are presented on a regional basis while the status of other insects 

are dealt with in the district sections of the report. 

The forest tent caterpillar infestation in the Port Arthur District increased 

in extent with the area of heavy defoliation of aspen comprising approximately 

5,000 square miles. Forecasts for 1966 indicate that heavy infestations will 

continue and spread into the southwestern portion of the region. Light infestations 

are expected to occur in the MacDiarmid area and the Lake Nipigon Islands. Population 

levels of the larch sawfly increased and light infestations were observed 

at numerous locations. An abrupt collapse of birch leaf skeletonizer infestations 

was noted after three consecutive years of high populations. Infection caused by 

needle rust was severe on white and black spruce in two areas and a general increase 

in the incidence of the organism occurred elsewhere in the region. 

The program for sampling insects on balsam fir, bark beetle surveys and spore 

trap exposures for the detection of Fomes annosus were continued in 1965. The 

recovery in 1964 of Fomes annosus spores in two areas of the region far remote from 

known centres of infection was a noteworthy development. 

Short courses of instruction on forest insects and tree diseases were given 

at junior forest ranger stations throughout the region. considerable extension and 

service work was carried out for companies and private owners involving insect and 

disease problems in stands, plantations and ornamental trees. 

The valuable assistance given by Woods Operators and Department of Lands and 

Forests personnel is gratefully acknowledged. 

K. C. Hall

F 1 

STATUS OF INSEcTS 


An increase in population levels was observed in the region. Pockets of light 

to moderate infestation occurred east of Longlac and in the central portion of 

Geraldton District, and along Highway 17 West, along the Atikokan road and in the 

Black Sturgeon area of the Port Arthur District (see map). Defoliation in these 

areas ranged from 10 to 30 per cent and in most instances was confined to the upper 

third of the crowns of infested trees. Heavy defoliation of isolated small roadside 

tamarack trees was observed at Pays Plat, and along the Armstrong and Auden roads 

and in the Lac Du Mille Lac area. Elsewhere in the region colonies of insects 

occurred more frequently, however, defoliation did not exceed 10 per cent. 


Shoestring Root Rot, Armillaria mellea (Uhl.) ex (Fr.) Kummer 

The incidence of this organism increased in young fire origin jack pine stands 

in Irwin and Sandra townships, Geraldton District. In the past three years the 

incidence has been increasing gradually and in 1965 dead trees were seen in small 

widely-scattered groups. A count in a 1/20 acre sample plot in one stand along 

Sturgeon River road showed 4 per cent mortality. In a hail-damaged sample plot in 

Errington Township 8 per cent of trees were killed by this disease. 

Needle Rust of Spruce, chrysomyxa arctostaphili Diet 

Severe infections of this rust were observed in two areas in the region in 1965. 

The largest area affected occurred in Township 82, Geraldton District, where severe 

browning of current year's needles of white spruce was common on trees in all diameter 

classes in a 50-acre stand. In Port Arthur District, pronounced discoloration of 

small diameter black spruce was prevalent in one stand in Trewartha Township. Although 

the incidence was high on adjacent larger diameter spruce trees less discoloration 

occurred. 

Needle Rust of Spruce, chrysomyxa ledi de Bary 

For the second consecutive year the incidence of this rust increased in the 

region. In 1965 high levels of incidence and severity were noted 5 miles west of 

Huronian on Highway 11 where severe discoloration occurred in several stands of small 

diameter black spruce. Elsewhere in the Port Arthur District, light infections of 

spruce were found from Raith to the Sioux Lookout District boundary. In the Geraldton 

District medium infection occurred commonly in balsam fir stands. 

Needle Rust of Spruce, Chrysomyxa ledicola Lagerh. 

This foliar rust caused light discoloration of white spruce trees at Black 

Sturgeon Lake in the Port Arthur District. The incidence and severity of the disease 

were low and confined to open-grown trees in one stand. 

Ink Spot of Aspen, ciborinia whetzelii (Sea y .) Seay. 

The incidence of this disease fluctuated in the region in 1965 declining in the 

Geraldton District and increasing in the Port Arthur District. The highest incidence 

occurred in scattered stands of aspen along the Armstrong, Devon, Spruce River and Dog 

Lake roads and along Highway 61 in Port Arthur District and in Fulford Township in 

Geraldton District. Although 70 to 100 per cent of the leaves were infected, the 

severity of infection in most areas was light. A light degree of infection was 

widespread elsewhere in Port Arthur District but, in Geraldton District, the disease

F2 

was found only in scattered clumps of small diameter fringe aspen in Fulford and 

Rupert townships, south of caramat and along the Goldfield Road (See photograph). 

A Needle Rust of Pine, coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. 

In 1964, high incidence and severity of this rust occurred in jack pine 

plantations in Sandra Township, Geraldton District, and in O'connor Township of the 

Port Arthur District. In 1965, incidence declined to a low level in these areas. 

However, pockets of light infection persisted for the second consecutive year along 

the Atikokan road in Port Arthur District. The diseased needles were confined to 

lower branches of small diameter trees. 

Black Knot of cherry, Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) Theiss. & Syd. 

Varying degrees of infection of this disease occurred in the region in 1965. 

A high level of incidence was recorded in Pic, 78, Legault and Vivian townships in 

Geraldton District and in Hole and Nipigon townships and on Sibley Peninsula in the 

Port Arthur District. Pockets of light infection were common at numerous other 

locations in the region. 

A Leal Rust of Mountain Ash, Gymnosporangium sp. 

In the Geraldton District, heavy infection of mountain ash by this rust persisted 

for the fourth consecutive year in Pic Township and townships 79 and 87. Light 

infection was observed commonly elsewhere in the district. In Port Arthur District, a 

high incidence of Gymnosporangium sp. occurred on serviceberry one mile west of Raith 

in Golding Township. At other sample points the incidence and severity were low and 

occurred principally on mountain ash. 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Infection of Mountain Ash caused by Gymnosporangium sp. in 

the Midwestern Region in 1964 and 196 

Location 

Per cent of leaflets infected 


Township 79 100 

Township 87 78 100 

Pic Tp. 64 36 

Kopka Lake 2 1 

Needle Cast of Jack Pine, Hypodermella ampla (J. J. Davis) 

Severe infection by this organism caused browning of the foliage on the lower 

crowns of the trees in a young jack pine stand in Eva Township, Geraldton District. 

A count in a one-twentieth acre sample plot showed that 28 per cent of trees were 

affected. The incidence of this disease was generally low in the region as a whole 

in 1965.

MIDWESTERN FOREST REGION 

DISTRICTS 

1 PORT ARTHUR 

2 GERALDTON 

MILES 

0 20 40 


of the larch sawfly were observed 


Legend 



a)

F 3 

Eastern Gall Rust, Peridermium sp. 

No important change in the status of this rust occurred in the region in 1965. 

The highest incidence was again recorded in Stirling Township where 75 per cent of 

the trees were infected. At other sample points the degree of infection was comparable 

to 1964 (Table 2). In Gorham Township and at Black Sturgeon Lake only scattered trees 

were infected; however, a moderate number of infections per tree was noted. 

TABLE 2 

comparison of Incidence of Infection of Peridermium sp. in Jack-Pine 

Plots in the Midwestern Region, 1964 and 1965 

Location 

Tree 

s ecies 

Av., 

d.b.h. 

Incidence of Infection 


Severity 

Stirling Tp. jP 6 72 75 moderate 

English River jP 3 33 38 low 

Ames Tp, jP 3 36 36 low 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar, Pollaccia elegans Serv. 

High levels of incidence and severity of this disease occurred on regeneration 

balsam poplar at Batwig Lake in Div. 34. Elsewhere in the Port Arthur District the 

incidence was comparable to 1964 but the severity of infection was considerably 

lighter (Table 3). In Geraldton District, pockets of light balsam poplar twig 

mortality were observed in Exton Township. 

TABLE 3 

Severity of Pollaccia elegans Infections on Balsam Poplar in the Port 

Arthur District in 1964 and 1965 

Location Av. No. of Damaged tips per tree Severity 


MacGregor Tp. 1408 2.7 low 

Marks Tp. 8.6 3.1 low 

Black Sturgeon Lake 1.8 1.1 low 

Pine Portage 1.0 1.3 low 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar, Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) Bald. 

In 1964 this disease occurred commonly on small aspen throughout the region. 

In 1965 the incidence declined to a low level except at Gull River, Port Arthur 

District where incidence and severity was high (Table 4).

F4 

TABLE 4 

Severity of Pollaccia radiosa Infections on Aspen in the Midwestern Region 


arart..111.11.03maso.,mer. 

Location 

No. of trees 

in sample 

Incidence of infection 


Severity 

,sameamlwai 

Spruce River road 5o 100 8 law 

Dog River road 5o 100 18 low 

Gull River 100 100 92 high 

Sibley Peninsula 50 100 50 low 

Houck Tp. 50 7 low 

Frost Injury 

Late spring frosts caused widespread damage to new shoots of balsam fir throughout 

the central and northern parts of Geraldton District in 1965. The most severe damage 

occurred on open-grown balsam fir regeneration in Rupert and Legault townships and at 

Lukinto and MacLeod Lakes where 80 to 90 per cent loss of new shoots was recorded on 

scattered trees (See photograph). The following table shows the percentage of damage 

at sample points. 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Frost Damage to current Years Growth of Balsam fir and White 

Spruce in 1965 

ee S amp o trees er cent o 

Location species d.b.h. tre es affected shoots damaged 

Rupert Tp. bF 3 10 10 42 

MacLeod Lake bF 14 6 6 42 

Lukinto Lake bF 1 10 10 38 

Onaman River bF 10 10 21 

Lemay Road wS 4 32 

Snow Damage 

During the winter of 1964-1965 numerous jack pine trees were bent over by snow 

at several locations in the Geraldton District. The damage was most severe in dense 

stands affecting trees in the 1- to 3-inch diameter classes east of Lukinto Lake and 

in Exton and O'Meara townships. Small numbers of bent-over trees were observed along 

Highway 625 at MacKay Lake and at mileage 123 along the Canadian National Railway east 

of Nakina. The affected trees remained bent-over during the summer months. 

Light to moderate breakage of the twigs in the upper crown of jack pine trees 

occurred in young stands in Errington, Lindsley and Exton townships and through the 

Marathon Boy Scout Tree Farm in Pic Township.

F 5 

TABLE 6 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the 

Midwestern Region in 1965 

Organism 

Host(s) 

Remarksks 

Aureobasidium pullulans (deBary) ScP 

Arnaud 

Bifusella crepidiformis Darker bS 


cladosporium sp. wB 

Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins 

Cronartium comandrae Peck 

Cryptomyces pteridis (Rob.) ex 

(Fr.) Rehm. 

Cryptospora betulae Tul. 

Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) 

Fr. 

Diaporthe tessella (Pers.) Rehm. 

Diatrypella betulina (Pk.) Wehm. wB 

Fomes igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Gill. tA 

bS 

ecch 

jP 

Bracken 

wB 

W,tA,pCh 

Glocosporium sp. wB,W1bAs 

Kabatia lonicerae (Harkn.) Hoehn. 

lonic era 

Mamiania coryli (Fr.) ces. & de Not. Hazel 


tL 

Heavy infection on two trees, 

MacGregor Tp., P. Arthur 

District. 

Severe browning of old foliage 

on a small clump of shaded trees 

in Lindsley Tp., Geraldton Distr. 

Very low incidence on cones in 

Maccomber Tp. 

Light infection on several large 

trees. 

Generally light infection along 

Armstrong rd.; high severity on 

scattered trees 1 mile E. of 

English River, P. Arthur District. 

Very light infection of this rust 

persisted at the Thunder Bay 

Nursery.. 

Affecting a few plants in Pardee 

Tp., P. Arthur District. 

collected on dead branches along 

Armstrong road. 

Common on dead willow branches in 

hail damaged area in Errington Tp. 

and on numerous small aspen at 

LeMay road, Geraldton District. 

Found on open grown willow at one 

location in Fallis Tp., P. Arthur 

District. 

High incidence of branch mortality 

on scattered shrubs in Pic Tp. 

Found on one dead tree top. 

Stem cankers common on large trees 

through Blacksand Park, Geraldton 

Distr. 

Light infections in Marks and 

Blake tps., P. Arthur Distr. and 

in Legault Tp., Geraldton Distr. 

High incidence at Black Sturgeon 

Lake, P. Arthur District. 

Common in Black Sturgeon L. area; 

one small collection from Orient 

Bay, Geraldton Distr. 

Very light infection on several 

hosts in Nipigon Tp., P. Arthur 

Distr., and at Polly Lake, 

Geraldton Distr.

F 6 


Organism 

Host(s) 

Remarks 

Melampsora sp. 

Melampsoridium betulinum (Fr.) Kleb. 

Melanconis aini var. marginalis 

Melanconium sp. 

Dwarf 

birch 

Al 


Reid & Cain 


Puccinia asteris Duby 

Puccinia coronata cda. 

Puccinia linkii Klotzsch. 

Puccinia mesomajalis Berk. & curt. 

ex Pk. 

Puccinia porphyrogenita curt. ex 

Thum. 

Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Deem. 

Puccinia waldsteiniae curt. ex Pk. 

Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth 

Pucciniastrum potentillae Korn. 


wB,W 

Aralia 

Aster 

Rhamnus sp. 

Viburnum 

clintonia 

borealis 

cornus 

canadensis 

Anemone 

Waldsteinia 

fragaroides 

bF, 

fireweed 

Potentilla 

tridentata 

Low incidence at scattered 

locations in P. Arthur Distr. 

Found on several small trees in 

Stedman Tp., P. Arthur District. 

First records for Northern Ont. 

collected on scattered dead 

branches. 

Found on dead parts of birch in 

Oliver Tp., P. Arthur Distr., and at 

three widely scattered locations 

in Geraldton Distr. 

Occurred on lower branches at 

numerous locations along Armstrong 

road, P. Arthur Distr. and in Ashmore 

Tp., Geraldton Distr. 

High incidence and severity at 

Marie Louise Lake; widely 

distributed through P. Arthur 

District. 

Low incidence; widely distributed. 

Heavy incidence on shoreline 

shrubs at Owl Lake, light at two 

other collection points, Geraldton 

District. 

Common at scattered locations in 

Devon and Gorham tps., P. Arthur 

Distr.; one collection from Tp. 

81, Geraldton Distr. 

Low incidence widely distributed. 

Patches of infected plants on 

Geikie Island, Lake Nipigon. 

Collected in Errington Tp. 

Small collection from Errington 

Tp. 

Pockets of light needle rust 

common throughout the central and 

northern portions of Geraldton 

District and on Sibley Peninsula, 

P. Arthur District. Found on 

alternate host in Lindsley Tp. 

collected in Tp. 86, Geraldton 

District; possible alternate stage 

of Pucciniastrum sp. on fir cones. 

Rare throughout the region.

Or anism 

F 7 


Host 

Remarks 

Sarcotrochila balsameae (Davis) 

Korf 

Taphrina caerulescens (Mont. & 

Desm,) Tul. 

Taphrina sp. 

Thyronectria balsamea (Cke, & Pk.) 

Seay. 

Tubercularia vulgaris Tode. ex Fr. 

Valsa leucostoma Pers. ex Fr. 

Venturia sp. 

bF 

0 

pCh 

bF 

Se 

Mo 

Bog 

Rosemary 

High severity on one tree, Shelter 

Bay road, P. Arthur District. 

Moderate severity on open grown 

planted trees, Middle Falls, P. 

Arthur District. 

Light incidence of infection 

through Pic Twp. and the Castlebar 

Lake area, Geraldton District. 

Organism found on dead portion of 

a tree. 

Present on dead branches in Tp. 

87. 

Found on dead branches at Killala 

Lake. 

One collection west of Huronian 

on Atikokan road, P. Arthur District,

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE 

,PORT ARTHUR DISTRICT 

Page 

Ugly-nest Caterpillar.......... .....,...... 

Birch Leaf 

Spruce Budworm ......,........,Ismooso.,•• 

Larch Casebearer...... 200a OOOOOOOO 0,0.00000 

A Bark Beetle of the 

European Spruce Sawfly ......... ............ 

Poplar Leaf Beetle s....emo • ze000*e•.•oeso 

Birch Leaf Roller.... 0090,0 OOOOOO 0,200000000 

Aspen Blotch 

Blotch Miner on Balsam Poplar.. 2.0*00 OOOOOO 

Western Tent Caterpillar.... o OOOOOO oo•o•••• 

Forest Tent Caterpillar.................... 

Balsam-fir Sawfly. ......................... 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly.... ............ 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly. .......... OOOOO 

White Pine Weevil .......................... 

Woolly Alder Aphid 


Spruce Bud Gall Midge....... O OOOOOOOO 

Spruce Bud Moth 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects.... 

Archips, cerasivorana Fitch F 8 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. F 8 

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) F 8 

Coleophora laricella (Hbn) F 8 

Conophthorus sp F 9 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) F 9 

Gonioctena americana (Schaeff.) F 9 

Gracillaria sp. F 9 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb• F 9 

Lithocolletis sp. F 9 

Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar) F 11 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. F 11 

Neodiprion abietis complex F 14 

Neodiprion virginianus complex F 14 

Pikonema alaskensis Roh F 15 

Pissodes strobi Peck F 15 

Prociphilus tessellatus (Fitch) F 15 


F 15 


F 15 

Zeiraphera ratzeburgiana Ratz F 16 

43000003/00 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO F 17 

K. C. Hall

F 8 


Ugly-nest caterpillar, Archips cerasivorana Fitch 

The light infestation of this caterpillar which has persisted for several 

years along the Twin City Crossroads in Paipoonge Township increased to heavy 

intensity in 1965. Forty colonies per mile of roadside was recorded at this 

location compared with seven in 1964. At sample points in MacGregor and O'connor 

townships counts averaged 2 and 4 colonies per mile, respectively. 

Birch Leaf Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. 

In 1962 high populations of this insect built up in an area of 400 square 

miles along the Nipigon River in the Port Arthur District. The outbreak increased 

in extent and intensity in 1963 and by 1964 heavy infestation extended north to 

Kaiashk Bay and cheeseman Lake comprising an area of approximately 1200 square 

miles. An abrupt reversal of this trend occurred in 1965 when populations declined 

to endemic levels. 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (clem.) 

The most recent outbreak of this economically important insect occurred in the 

southwestern part of the district commencing in 1957. The peak period of infestation 

was reached in 1961 when severe defoliation was mapped in an area of approximately 

600 square miles. Since 1962 a gradual declining trend has occurred until in 1965 

only a small residual population was present at Plummes Lake. Severe defoliation for 

several years by the insect has resulted in light to moderate mortality of balsam fir 

extending from Ross and Plummes lakes to the U.S. border. Aerial surveys in 1965 

failed to show any increase or further expansion of mortality beyond this area. 

Elsewhere in the district very small numbers of spruce budworm larvae were collected 

on mat samples. 

Larch casebearer, Coleophora laricella (an.) 

No important change in the status of this insect was observed in 1965. Minor 

declines in population levels were recorded at all sample points except in MacGregor 

Township and on Sibley Peninsula where larval densities were somewhat higher than in 

1964 (Table 7). No new distribution records were established as a result of detection 

surveys made in 1965. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Larch casebearer counts on Tamarack Trees in the Port Arthur 


Location 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Av. number of larvae per 18" branch tip 

1963 1964 1965 

Paipoonge Tp. 6 2.2 .06 0 

MacGregor Tp. 3.6 4.0 5.4 

O'connor Tp. 6 1.0 .7 .1 

Crookes Tp. 4 3.4 4.6 1.9 

Tp. 92 3 1.4 .2 

Lyon Tp. 5 1.2 .4 

Sibley Peninsula 5 1.2 1.6

4. 

" 

F 9 

A Bark Beetle of the Genera conophthorus sp. 

One small pocket of moderate infestation of this beetle occurred in Upsala 

Township in 1965. Populations were confined to jack pine windbreaks and averaged 

2.9 infested shoots per tree. Elsewhere in the district populations were low. 


Population levels of this insect were low at all sample points, the largest 

numbers being recovered in Paipoonge Township (Table 8). This sawfly is an 

important pest in the Atlantic provinces but no serious outbreaks have occurred 

in Ontario. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Collections of the European Spruce Sawfly in the Port Arthur 


Location 

(township) 

No, of mat 

samples 

No. of insects 

collected 

Date 

sampled 

O'connor 20 

July 7 

Stirling 20 1 12 

Paipoonge 30 32 

17 

Haines 5 1 21 

Devon 5 3 fl 26 

Poplar Leaf Beetle, Gonioctena americana (Schaeff.) 

Five new pockets of heavy infestation occurred in the Dog Lake area in 1965, 

the infested areas varying in size from 1/2 acre to 2 acres. Defoliation in the 1- 

to 5-inch diameter class ranged from 60 to 90 per cent, whereas defoliation of 10 to 

50 per cent occurred commonly on smaller aspen trees. Moderate numbers of colonies 

were observed on small roadside hosts at various locations along the Armstrong road. 

Birch Leaf Roller, Gracillaria sp. 

A heavy infestation of this roller persisted on large white birch trees at 

Plumes Lake. Populations declined to endemic levels along the Burchell Lake road 

and near Huronian where light to moderate infestations occurred in 1964. Small 

numbers of the insect were observed in the remainder of the district. 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella chamb. 

The moderate infestation of this miner reported in the Lac Du Mille Lac area 

in 1964 declined to light intensity in 1965. New light infestations occurred at 

numerous locations along the Atikokan road and in the Shelter Bay area. Infestations 

were confined to small diameter roadside aspen trees. 

Blotch Miner on Balsam Poplar, Lithocolletis sp. 

Pockets of light to heavy infestation of this miner persisted on balsam poplar 

trees at numerous locations in Division 24. Heavy infestations were observed at

F 10 

scattered locations in O'Connor, Oliver, Scoble, conmee and Paipoonge townships. 

Quantitative counts at sample points in the latter three areas were similar to 

1964 but in O'Connor Township an upward trend in larval populations and the 

percentage of leaves mined was recorded (Table 9). Moderate infestations continued 

in Marks Township and a decline from heavy to moderate intensity was recorded in 

McIntyre Township. Light infestations persisted in Neebing Township. 

A substantial increase in adult emergence occurred at all sample points in 

1965 (Table 10). An assessment of larval mortality revealed that parasitism ranging 

from 5 to 22 per cent constituted the major control factor. Predation was generally 

low except in Neebing and Marks townships where 13 and 33 per cent respectively was 

recorded. Mortality from unknown causes averaged nine per cent at each sample point. 

TABLE 9 

comparison of Counts of Lithocolletis sp. in the Port Arthur District in 


Note: 100 leaves examined at each location 

Location 

(township) 


mined 

Av, no. of mines 

per affected leaf 

Av. no. of mines 

per leaf 

1964 19• 1964 1965 1964 1965 

Marks 40 54 1.1 1.3 .4 .6 

O'Connor 60 98 1.5 3.9 .9 3.8 

Neebing 14 15 l.1 1.0 .1 .1 

Scoble 82 79 1.8 1.7 1.4 l.4 

Conmee 67 61 l.4 1.5 .9 1.0 

Paipoonge 100 96 4.5 3.9 4.5 3.7 

Oliver 89 67 2.5 1.4 2.4 1.0 

McIntyre 86 55 1.4 1.3 1.2 .7 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Adult Emergence and Larval Mortality of Lithocolletis sp. in the 

Port Arthur District in 1964 and 1965 

Note: 100 leaves examined at each location 

Location 

(township) 

Per cent of mines showing 

adult emergence 


Per cent total larval 

mortality 


Marks 37 41 63 59 

O'connor 46 84 54 16 

Neebing 5o 67 50 33 

Scoble 54 70 46 30 

conmee 69 73 31 27 

Paipoonge 61 67 39 33 

Oliver 58 70 42 30 

McIntyre 44 67 56 33

11 


Although population levels of this caterpillar were low in the district 

in 1965, slight increases were recorded at three sample points (Table 11). The 

highest colony count was obtained in MacGregor Township where the number of 

colonies increased from 4 to 6 along one mile of roadside. The light infestation 

reported in Paipoonge Township in 1964 virtually subsided in 1965. Winter ploughing 

damaged roadside hosts and probably contributed to the decline. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of colony counts of the Western Tent Caterpillar in the Port Arthur 


Location 

(township) 

MacGregor 

McIntyre 

Paipoonge 

Paipoonge 

Sampling 

unit 

1 mile of roadside 

" 

a 

1 square chain 

Number of tents per sampling unit 

1963 1964 1965 

6 4 6 

2 1 3 

16 4 

1 3 

3:9"010■211...10.716.1. 


A marked spread of heavy infestation of the forest tent caterpillar occurred in 

the Port Arthur District. Severe defoliation of aspen stands occurred in an area of 

approximately 5,000 square miles compared with 600 square miles in 1964. This 

enlargement in the area of infestation had been forecast on the basis of egg surveys 

in 1964. 

The main body of heavy infestation extended from Mac Lake on the Fort Frances 

border northeasterly to Kaiashk Bay on Lake Nipigon thence west to Uneven Lake on 

the Sioux Lookout District boundary. Small isolated pockets of heavy infestation 

occurred along the south shore of Obonga Lake, at chief Bay and on the west side of 

Black Sturgeon Lake (see map). Defoliation ranging from 75 to 95 per cent occurred 

in most aspen stands throughout these areas. To the east a band of light infestation 

extended from McIntyre Bay on Lake Nipigon to Eayrs Lake. 

Surveys at numerous locations in the infestation revealed that the degree of 

egg hatch was generally high (Table 12). However at Golding and Nipigon and at Black 

Sturgeon Lake a prolonged period of low temperatures in the spring resulted in poor 

larval survival. 

Detailed examination of unhatched eggs showed that parasitism was low and that 

only 2.3 to 8.5 per cent of the eggs were sterile. The main reason for hatch failure 

was therefore due to the inability of the larvae to emerge. The only area of 

extremely low hatch was located in one stand in Pyramid Township where the absence 

of a protective covering of spumaline (foamy brown substance) on the egg masses may 

have been significant.

PORT ARTHUR DISTRICT 



Legend 


Heavy infestation.....

12 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Per cent of Forest Tent caterpillar Egg Hatch in the Port Arthur 

District 

Note: Ten egg masses examined at each location 

Location Av. number of Per cent of Degree of 

eggs per band eggs hatched defoliation 

Upsala Tp. 220 77.9 Severe 

Fort Frances-Port 

Arthur border 223 80.9 Severe 

Trewartha Tp. 188 75.4 Severe 

Pyramid Tp. 196 4.6 Very light 

Lac Du Mille Lac 233 66.4 Severe 

Trewartha Tp. 195 82.7 Severe 

Golding Tp. 198 78.5 Light 

Black Sturgeon Lake 199 88.1 Light 

Nipigon Tp. 234 87.7 Nil 

cool summer temperatures retarded larval and cocoon development. As a result, 

moth emergence occurred two to three weeks later than normal. Following moth 

emergence, 100 cocoons from each of eleven widely-separated areas were examined to 

assess natural control factors (Table 13). Results showed that parasitism ranged 

from 21 to 44 per cent and that control by other agents (disease, predation, etc.) 

was low. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Forest Tent caterpillar Cocoon Dissections in the Port Arthur 

District 

Note: One hundred cocoons examined at each location 

Location 

Parasitism 

Per cent mortality 

Predation Disease 

Unknown 

Per cent 

Successful 

emergence 

Burchell Lake 28 1 1 5 65 

Kabitotikwai Lake 32 3 1 5 6o 

Fort Frances-Port 

Arthur border 31 0 3 7 59 

Holinshead Lake 24 3 1 6 66 

Poshkokagan Lake 21 0 0 3 

Trewartha Tp. 44 5 2 4 

45 

Pyramid Tp. 31 1 3 5 60 

Lac Du Mille Lac 33 0 4 5 58 

Upsala Tp. 25 1 1 6 67 

3 miles east of Fort 

Frances border 30 2 9 5 54 

Black Sturgeon Lake 34 19 1 1 45

Although no major moth flights were observed in urban areas in 1965, a 

substantial increase of adult moths was recorded in a light trap at Black Sturgeon 

Lake (Table 14). The most significant result of the trapping was the sharp increase 

in numbers of female moths captured (5998 in 1965 compared with 288)4 in 1964). 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Recovery of Forest Tent caterpillar Adults from One Light Trap 

at Black Sturgeon Lake from 1961 to 1965 

Year 

Males 

Adults recovered 

Females 

Total 

1961 262 0 262 

1962 2031 11 2042 

1963 18248 29 18277 

1964 10876 2884 13760 

1965 38440 5998 44438 

The sharp increase in the ratio of female to male moths was probably responsible 

for the marked increase in numbers of egg masses that occurred at numerous locations 

in the district (Table 15). On the basis of egg mass counts population levels of 

larvae will greatly increase in 1966 throughout the area of 1965 infestation. Egg 

counts also indicate that heavy infestation will spread into the southwestern part of 

the district. Light infestation is forecast for the Dog Lake and eastern Shebandowan 

areas (See photograph). 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Band Counts and Infestation Forecasts 

for 1966 in the Port Arthur District 

Location Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Av. no. of egg bands per tree 


Forecast 

for 1966 

VOIY.1.••■•••■•0. 

Upsala Tp. 12 - 295 Severe 

North of Buck Lake 14 - 257 Severe 

Kabitotikwia Lake 10 - 227 Severe 

Pyramid Tp. 9 144 185 Severe 

30 miles N, Dog River road 5 - 153 Severe 

Lac Du Mille Lac 8 33 115 Severe 

Fort Frances-Port Arthur border 6 15 99 Severe 

Upsala Tp. 5 - 68 Severe 

12 miles east of Fort Frances 

border (Atikokan rd.) 5 5 61 Severe 

Burchell Lake 7 6 59 Severe 

Muskeg Lake 6 5 55 Severe 

Trewartha Tp. 4 28 47 Severe 

Holinshead Lake 9 - 42 Severe 

Inwood Tp. 5 - 40 Severe 

Poshkokagan Lake 7 7 37 Severe 

colliver Tp. 5 - 36 Severe 

Titmarsh Lake 5 - 32 Severe 

Athelstane Lake road 5 28 Severe

F 14 

TABLE 15 (cont'd.) 

Summary of Forest Tent caterpillar Egg Band Counts and Infestation Forecasts 

for 1966 in the Port Arthur District 

Location 

of egg bands per tree Forecast 

in inches 1964 1965 for 1966 

Lac Du Mille Lac 5 10 26 Severe 

Black Sturgeon Lake (L F) 4 25 Severe 

Pyramid Tp. 4 18 Severe 

Saganagons Lake 4 12 Severe 

Golding Tp. 4 5 10 Severe 

Black Sturgeon Lake (south) 8 69 7 Moderate 

Mileage 55 Spruce River rd. 6 6 5 Moderate 

Batwing Lake (Boreal rd.) 5 .3 5 Moderate 

Black Sturgeon Lake (Dam) 4 3 2 Moderate 

Mileage 45 Spruce River rd. 7 22 2 Light 

Fouler Tp. (Hawkeye Lake) 4 5 2 Light 

Soper Tp. 5 2 Light 

Blackwell Tp. 4 1 1 Light 

McMaster Tp. 4 1 1 Light 

Canthook Lake 5 1 Light 

Goldie Pp. 4 .3 1 Light 

Gorham Tp. (Trout Lake) 4 2 1 Light 

Ware Tp. (Kam River) 4 1 Light 

Fowler Pp. (Dog Lake) 5 

OW 

1 Light 

conmee Tp. 4 1 Light 

MacGregor Tp. 4 0 0 Nil 

Purdom Tp. 9 0 Nil 

Mileage 25 Spruce River rd. 11 0 Nil 

Mileage 35 Spruce River rd. 6 16 0 Nil 

Glen Tp. 6 14 0 Nil 

Sandstone Lake 5 Nil 

Paipoonge Tp. 4 0 0 Nil 


A general increase in numbers of larval colonies of this sawfly was observed in 

1965. The highest populations occurred on balsam fir in Blackwell Township and at 

Black Sturgeon Lake where the number of colonies per tree averaged .5 and 1 

respectively. The highest count (2.5 per tree) was recorded on several hosts in 

Inwood Township. In O'connor, Marks and Gillies townships small numbers were 

collected on white spruce trees. 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion virinianus complex 

One small pocket of medium-to-heavy infestation of this sawfly occurred on 

open-grown jack-pine trees at the Department of Highways headquarters on the 

Atikokan road. An average of seven colonies per tree was recorded and defoliation 

ranged from 40 to 75 per cent. Elsewhere in the district population levels were 

low.

F 15 


Medium to heavy infestations of this sawfly persisted at numerous locations 

in Division 24 in 1965. The highest populations were observed in Dorion and Blake 

townships where from 40 to 60 per cent defoliation occurred commonly on small 

white spruce trees. Moderate defoliation, not in excess of 25 per cent, was 

observed at numerous other sample points in the division. Elsewhere in the district 

small numbers of larvae were recovered primarily on mat samples. 

White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck. 

No important change in the status of this weevil was observed in 1965. 

Generally damage was light at most sample points and counts of infested leaders were 

similar to 1964 (Table 16). This weevil is widely distributed in the district. 

Location 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White Pine Weevil in the Port Arthur 


Tree 

species 

Av, 

d.b.h. 

Number of 

trees examined 


1963 1964 1965 

Thunder Bay Nursery wP 2 696 6 .7 9 

(Paipoonge Tp.) jP 3-4 183 9 3 6 

jP 1-2 272 10 8 

Boy Scout Tree Farm wP 2 155 4 8 9 

(Paipoonge Tp.) ScP 3-4 709 9 6 

ScP 1-2 343 13 12 

Woolly Alder Aphid, Prociphilus tessellatus (Fitch) 

Pockets of heavy infestation of this aphid occurred commonly in Gorham, Ware, 

Blackwell, Conacher and Blake townships. Low populations were observed at scattered 

locations from Raith to English River on Highway 17. Colonies of the aphid are 

readily observed as large woolly masses on the trunk or branches of alder trees. 


Population levels of this miner were low at all sample points in the district. 

New distribution records were established for the insect when small numbers of 

mined leaves were collected in the Dog River area, along the Armstrong road and west 

of Whitefish Lake. 


Population levels of this insect remained low in the district in 1965. At 

sample points in Joynt, Goldie, 92 and Paipoonge townships a decline in the number 

of infested buds was recorded (Table 17).

F 16 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Damage by the Spruce Bud Gall Midge in the Port Arthur District 


Location 

Tree 

Per cent of te rminal 

buds infested 

(townshi 

species 


Joynt 

bS 1.1 

Goldie bS 1.0 

92 bS 1,9 

MacGregor wS 1.1 

Paipoonge wS 2.4 


in the Port Arthur District 

Location 

Av, no. of insects per 18" branch tip 

(townshi ) 

19.2 1963 19 19 

0'Connor 

11.2 1.1 .3 .5 

MacGregor 8.4 4.1 4.7 4.1 

Paipoonge .3 3.5 7.7 4.4 

Marks - - 1.1 1.0 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects collected in the Port Arthur District in 1965 

Host(s) 

Remarks 

wB 

Small numbers at Canthook and 

Sandstone Lakes 

Acleris minuta cinderella (Riley) Leather leaf Light to moderate populations 5 

miles west of Huronian Lake 

wS,bF Small numbers recovered on mat 

samples at numerous locations 

0 Light populations along Harthstone 

road 

wS Low populations at scattered 

locations in Division 24

--- 


F 17 

TABLE 19, Port Arthur District 

Host 

Remarks 


Altica tombacina shoemakeri Mann. 

chrysomela crotchi Brown 

Dimorphopteryx pinguis (Nort) 

Dioryctria, reniculella Grt. 

Eupithecia filmata Pears 


Fenusa pusilla ( p.) 

Hyphantria cunea Dru 

Lambdina fiscellaria Gn. 

Macremphytus intermedius (Dyar) 

Macremphytus varianus (Nort.) 

Nematus fulvicrus Prov. 


Nematus sp. (Phyllocolpa sp.) 



Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedls 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh 

Nepytia canosaria Wlk. 

Neuroteras umbilicatus Bass 

Neurotoma inconspicua (Nort.) 

wS 

Wildrose 

to 

wB 

wS 

wS 

Al 

wB 

Al, W 

bF 

tA 

jP jP, rP 

jP 

bF 

0 

ecCh 

Collected in small numbers in two 

plantations. 

Small numbers on Atikokan road 

Commonly in small numbers in 

western part of district. 

One colony, Booth Township. 

Very small numbers, Hagey Township. 

Recovered on mat samples, Hagey 

Tp. 

Light to moderate infestation in 

Scoble, MacGregor, Paipoonge, 

and Stirling townships. 

Light infestation in Lakehead 

cities and one location in 

Paipoonge Tp. No new distribution 

points in 1965. 

Few colonies in Paipoonge, Scoble 

and O'Connor townships. 

Recovered in small numbers in the 

western part of district. More 

common in 1965 than in previous 

years. 

Heavy populations at scattered 

locations in the Sandstone and 

Canthook lakes area. Defoliation 

from 50 to 80 per cent on some 

hosts. 

Small numbers, MacGregor Township. 

Average 1.7 colonies per tree at 

one location in Fallis Tp. 

Average 2.4 colonies per tree, 

Fallis Tp. Elsewhere small numbers 

usually confined to open-grown 

hosts. 

Small numbers Division 24. 

Few colonies, Conmee Tp. Defoliation 

5 per cent. 

Small numbers, Upsala Tp. 

Scattered colonies on open-grown 

host in Inwood, Upsala, and Fowler 

townships. Av. one colony per 

tree at Burchell Lake. 

Few colonies, Hagey Tp. 

Small numbers at numerous locations. 

Light populations along Harthstone 

road. 

Low populations, Joynt Tp.

F18. 

TABLE 19, Port Arthur District 

Insect Host(s), Remarks 



Nymphalis antiopa Linn 

Phlyctaenia tertialis Gn. 

Phratora americana canadensis 



Pristiphora cadma (W. & R.) 


Sternochetus lapathi (Linn) 

Trichiocampus irregularis (Dyar) 

Trichiosoma triangulum Kby. 

bPo 

Small numbers found in association 

with Pyrrhia umbra exprimens on 

Sibley Peninsula and Boreal road. 

Small numbers, Blackwell Tp. 

tA Marked population decline in 

1965. Found commonly in 1964. 

Elderberry Moderate populations at Oliver 

W 

Lake, defoliation 10 per cent. 

Twenty per cent of leaves 

skeletonized at one location in 

MacGregor Township. 

W, tA common in Hagey Township. Small 

numbers elsewhere. 

wS Recovered in small numbers at 


wB One colony, Black Sturgeon Lake. 

W 

Very low populations. 

W Small numbers in Division 24. 

W 

Light populations, Hagey Township, 

defoliation 10 per cent. 

Small numbers, Division 24.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE GERALDTON DISTRICT 

Page 




Aspen Leaf Beetle 

American Poplar Leaf Beetle 



A Leaf-folding Sawfly 

White-pine-Weevil 

Woolly. Alder Aphid 

Amber-marked Birch Lea Miner 


Bark Beetles 


Bucculatrix canadensisella 

Chamb. F 19 

Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) F 19 

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) F 19 

Chrysomela crotchi Brown F 20 

Gonioctena americana (Schaeff) F 20 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. F 20 

Malacosoma pluviale (Dyer) F 20 

Phyllocolpa spp. F 21 

Pissodes strobi (Peck) F 21 

Prociphilus tesselatus (Fitch) F 22 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) F 22 

Rhabdophaga swainei Felt F 22 

Scolytidae F 23 

F 24. 

V. Jansons

F 19 



Heavy infestations reported in the central part of the district in 1964 collapsed 

in 1965. This outbreak originated south of Lake Nipigon in 1962 and by 1964 pockets 

of white birch were heavily infested from the central part of the district to the 

Kapuskasing boundary. Since defoliation occurs in late summer after the growth of 

host trees is completed no permanent damage results. Because of below normal temperatures 

in 1964, larval development was retarded and the feeding was incompleted 

when the leaves were shed in September. Larval mortality that resulted probably 

contributed to the collapse of the outbreak in 1965. 

Larch Casebearer, coleophora laricella (Hbn.) 

A further decline in population levels of this insect occurred at three quantitative 

sample points along Lake Superior in 1965 (Table 8). Three new distribution 

points were recorded in the central part of the district representing a five-to 

ten-mile east and westward spread from the initial collection point at Kenogamisis 

Dam road in Croll Township. Small numbers of larvae were found in Oakes Township 

two miles west of Longlac, at Eldees road and Highway 11 Junction in croll Township, 

and Pipeline road in Ashmore Township. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts in the Geraldton 


Note: counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips from each 

of four trees at each location. 

Location 

townshi 



Av, no. of larvae er branch tip 

1963 16 196 

Pic 5 10.9 4.6 • 0.8 

87 5 2.1 3,8 0.5 

81 4 1.8 0.0 0.0 

Croll 6 0.0 0.4 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (clem.) 

In recent years heavy balsam fir mortality was observed in the southern part 

of the district. Most of the mortality is occurring among trees that have survived 

severe defoliation during the spruce budworm outbreak which originated in the 

Nipigon-Pays Plat area in 1952. By 1961 this infestation had extended north to 

Chorus and Steel lakes and eastward to Ruffle Lake, Budworm populations declined 

sharply in 1962 and have remained at an extremely low level since 1963. Examination 

of balsam fir trees has shown that mortality ranged upwards to 91 per cent.

F20 

Aspen Leaf Beetle, Chrysomela crotchi Brown 

Populations of this insect declined to very low levels in 1965. In 1964 

pockets of light to moderate defoliation of small aspen were recorded in the 

district in Rupert Township and scattered colonies were observed in Nakina, Exton, 

Walters, and Lindsley townships. 

American Poplar Leaf Beetle, Gonioctena americana (Schaeff) 

A light infestation of this insect occurred for the third consecutive year on 

fringe trees in a young trembling aspen stand at Hillsport. However, the numbers 

of colonies declined from an average of 8.4 per sample tree in 1964 to 4.7 colonies 

per tree in 1965. A light infestation was observed two miles west of Nakina where 

an average of 1.6 colonies per tree was recorded on roadside aspen reproduction. 


In 1965 a light infestation of this insect (see photograph) was observed in 

Blacksand Park in Kilkenny Township where several overstory aspen trees were lightly 

defoliated. In June hatched egg bands were found at five locations on islands in 

Lake Nipigon. Although 89 per cent of the eggs had hatched, early instar larvae 

may have succumbed because of low temperatures in May. Egg band counts made in the 

fall of 1965 indicate that pockets of light to medium infestation will occur on 

islands in Lake Nipigon and in the MacDiarmid area (Table 9). 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Forest Tent caterpillar Egg Band counts and Infestation 

Forecasts for 1966 in the Geraldton District 

Location 



Av. no. of egg bands 

per tree in 16 

Forecast 

for 1'66 

Murchison Island 7 5.5 Moderate 

Bell Island 5 4.0 Light 

Macoun Islands 17 3.0 Light 

Geikie Island 6 0 Nil 

MacDiarmid 6 0.3 Light 

Blacksand Park 7 0.3 Light 

Lake Helen 7 0.3 Light 


A decline in the number of tents made by this insect occurred in the district 

(Table 10). Seven colonies were found on shrubs along one mile of roadside at 

White Sand Lake in Township 85 and single colonies were observed at scattered points 

along camp 81 road and at chorus Lake.

F 2:L 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Western Tent caterpillar Colony Counts in the 

Geraldton District from 1963 to 1965 

Location Host s Sam le unit 

Total no. of tents 

16 196 16 

White Sand Lake pch, wB One mile of roadside - - 7 

Irwin Township wB, pch, Se " - 16 5 

" " " 

Hillsport pch - 13 3 

Pamela Lake pch One square chain plot - - 3 

Stevens pch - 4 1 

" " 'I 

Polly Lake 2 1 0 

" ": 

Marathon pch 3 1 1 

A Leaf-folding Sawfly, Phyllocolpa spp. 

Population levels of this insect (formerly known as Nematus sp.) have gradually 

increased since 1963. An increase in numbers occurred at Klotz Lake (Table 11) and 

new pockets of light infestation were observed at Taffy and MacLeod lakes. Small 

numbers occurred on balsam poplar reproduction along Pagwachuan Lake road, on small 

aspen around Killala Lake, in the Goldfield road area and in Ashmore Township. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Leaf-folding Sawfly counts in the Geraldton District 


Note: Counts are based on examination of 100 leaves at random from three trees at 


Location 

Tree 

s ecies 

Av. no. of folds er leaf 

1 6 1 6 

Klotz Lake 

Taffy Lake 

MacLeod Lake 

tA 

bPo 

tA 

.09 

6711. 

.38 

.23 

.19 


Incidence of weevilling declined for the first time since 1962, and was lower 

than in recent years in the Stevens-caramat area and in Rupert Township (Table 12). 

Damage was confined to young open-grown black and white spruce except at one 

location south of Stevens where a light infestation was observed on small jack pine 

trees. Few trees were infested elsewhere in the district.

F 22 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil in the Geraldton District 


Note: One hundred open-grown trees were examined at each location. 

Location 

Tree 

_ species 

Av. height of 

trees in feet 


1963 1964 1965 

Legault Twp, bS 6 

■•■■ 

16 11 

Rupert Twp. bS 8 9 6 

Maple Rd. bS 6 6 8 4 

Stevens bS 6 5 7 4 

Mccomber Twp. bS 8 4 7 4 

creelman creek bS 6 4 7 2 

Peterson Creek bS, wS 4 4 3 2 

Stevens jP 3 3 3 1 

Fairloch Lake bS 8 1 3 0 

Woolly Alder Aphid, Prociphilus tesselatus (Fitch) 

A considerable increase in numbers of this insect occurred in the district. In 

1964 the aphids were abundant in the Auden road area. In 1965 pockets of alder were 

heavily infested throughout most of the district. The dense colonies were concentrated 

on the current shoots and caused light discolouration of the foliage. 


Infestations of this leaf miner declined in intensity in the Longlac infestation 

and at Pays Plat (Table 13). Small numbers were found for the first time in Ashmore 

Township and north of Lake Helen in Ledger Township. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Damage by the Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner in the 


Notes Counts are based on the examination of 100 white birch leaves at each location. 

Location 

No. of mined leaves 

1963 964 1965 

Av. no. of mines per leaf 


1963 

Longlac 91 7o 43 4.59 2.64 1.26 

Pays Plat 38 26 6 .68 .47 .08 

Caramat 0 0 2 0 0 .02 


Population levels of this insect were similar to those reported in 1964 (Table 

14) with the highest numbers of infested buds being observed on small scattered black 

spruce along Highway 17 and in the area south of Caramat.

1' 23 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Damage by the Spruce Bud Gall Midge in the 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of five branch tips from each of 

ten trees. 

Location 

Tree 

species 

Av, d.b.h. 

in inches 

No. of. 

shoots 

examined 

Per cent of terminal 

buds infested 

196 1 6 1965 

Terrace Bay bS 1 171 5.0 8.0 7.3 

Rainbow Falls wS 2 164 10.3 2.0 0.7 

Beardmore bS 1 152 1.8 1.3 0.6 

Pic Twp. wS 1 159 2.8 1.2 0.7 

Flynn Lake bS 1 149 0.8 0 0 

Croll Twp. bS 1 153 0.6 0 1.3 

Cp. 81 Rd. bS 2 156 0 0 0.7 

Bark Beetles, Scolytidae 

In 1964 and 1965 an intensive bark beetle survey was carried out to determine 

the distribution of different species in Ontario. Bark beetles usually attack and 

breed in various parts of dead and dying trees, windfalls, slash and freshly-cut 

logs. The species collected in the district in 1965 are listed in Table 15. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Bark Beetles collected in the Geraldton District 


S ecies 

Dendroctonus obesus Mann. 


Dryacoetes affaber Mann 

Ips borealis Sw 

Ips perturbatus Eich. 

Ips pini Say 


Orthotomicus latidens (Lec.) 

Phloeasinus canadensis Sw. 

Pitiogenes plagiatus (Lee.) 

Host 

wS 

tL 

wS 

wS 

wS 

jP 

jP, bS 

bS 

wS, eCe 

jP 

Remarks 

Collected in a windfall, Twp. 88. 

common in dead trees in the 

castlebar Lake area; not found 

in the western part of the 

district. 

Township 88. 

Freshly cut tree, Burrows Lake. 

Freshly cut tree. 

In freshly cut trees and stumps 

east of Longlac. 

Freshly cut stumps, Longlac. 

Rare species in Ontario, found 

in croll Twp. 

In dead trees, Kilkenny Twp. 

Dead tree, south of Stevens.

F 24 


..10200,a00•08.1.6200ae.ska 

Species Host ( ) Remarks 

r••••••••••••■•• 

Pitiokteines spar BUS Lec. 

Pityophthorus sp. 


Scolytus piceae Sw. 

Trypodendron lineatum (Oliver) 

bF 

jP, rP, 

bS 

bS, wS 

bS 

wS, rP 

Collected in spruce budworm killed 

tree, Chorus Lake. 

Common in dead trees. 

In lower trunk of a windfall, 

Ashmore Township. 

Dead tree top, Houck Twp. 

In wood of a freshly cut red 

pine at Orient Bay and in a 

windfall in Twp. 88. 

IftIMINI■0.15.11■00.111116.1.1190 

TABLE 16 

Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Geraldton District 






Ancylis mediofasciana Clem. 

Anoplonyx canadensis Hgt. 


Badebecia urticana Hbn. 

Chrysomela mainensis mainensis 

Bechyne 

Clepsis persicana Fitch 

Compsolechia niveopulvella Chamb 

conophthorus sp. 

croesus latitarsus Nort. 

Host 

wS, bF 

wS 

Do 

Se 

tL 

Se 

wB 

Al 

bF, wB 

tA 

jP 

Al, wB 

Remark 

Small numbers in beating samples 


Found in spruce plots. 

Light defoliation of share shrubs 

at Chipman Lake. 

Small numbers of leaf tiers in 

Vincent Twp. and along LeMay road. 

Av. of one larva per beating tray 

in Colter Twp. 

Eight colonies in a sq. chain 

plot east of Longlac; general 

population decline in the district. 

One lightly infested tree. 

Light leaf skeletonizing on 

several shrubs at Castlebar Lake; 

first record for the district. 

Small numbers at widely scattered 

collection points. 

Light leaf roller activity at 

Postagoni Lake. 

Number of infested shoots declined 

from 29 in 1964 to 13 shoots in 

1965 on sample trees in Twp. 91; 

no damage observed elsewhere in 

the district. 

Numerous early instar colonies on 

a clump of alders on Murchison 

Island; single colonies at other 

collection points.

tA 


F 25 


Host 

Remarks 

Depressaria heracliana Linn. 




Epinotia momonana Kft. 


Epinotia corylana McD. 


Fenusa dohrnii Tischb. 

Galerucella decora Say 

Gonioctena notmani (Schaeff.) 

Gracillaria invariabilis Braun 

Hemichroa crocea (Four) 


(Guen) 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. 

Macremphytus varianus (Nort.) 




Neodiprion compar (Leach) 


Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl 

Neodiprion nigroscutum Midd. 

Milkweed 

wB 

wS 

wS 

Al 

Al 

wS, bS, 

bF 

Al 

pCh 

Al 

bF, Al 

tA 

Do 

eCe 

bF, wS 

jP 

jP 

jP 

jP 

common on this host at Wawong 

Lake, Esnagami Twp. 

Light defoliation of small 

birch in Rainbow Falls Park; 

small numbers of larvae in 87 

and Pic twps. 

Small numbers at widely-scattered 

points. 

One larva in beating samples in 

Pic Twp. 

Endemic populations through the 

area south of caramat. 

Light leaf roller populations 

north of Postagoni Lake. 

Staminate catkins lightly infested 


In beating samples at widelyseparated 


Light to moderate leaf miner 

infestation on fringe alders in 

twps 87 and Kilkenny, also south 

of Beardmore. 

Light infestation at Turkey Lake, 

Colter Twp.; populations declined 

at chorus Lake. 

Light defoliation of roadside 

willows in Davies Twp. 

Small numbers of leaf rollers 

on scattered trees. 

Colonies at widely-scattered 

points. 

Small numbers 

Populations extremely low throughout 

the district. 

Several heavily infested shore 

shrubs at WildgooseLake; light 

populations at three other 

sampling points. 

Sm 11 numbers in beating samples. 

Solitary colonies at widelydistributed 

points. 

Collected in beating samples. 

Two larvae in beating samples, 

first collection since 1956. 

Two colonies at Klotz Lake. 

Scattered colonies. 

Two larvae in Twp. 91; uncommon 

insect.

26 




Nycteola frigidana W1 . 


Pareophora minuta (MacG.) 


Phratora americana canadensis Brown 





Pineus strobi (Hgt.) 

Pissodes similis Hopk. 

Pristiphora cadma W. & R. 



jP 

bPo 

bPo 

bAs 

jP 

wS 

wS 

wS 

wP 

bF 

wB 

wS 

tA 

One colony in Twp. 90. 

In 1965 populations declined to 

low levels at all locations 

where infestations were reported 

in 1964, 

Light populations on scattered 

trees in the McKay and Klotz Lake 

areas, and in Ruper Twp. 

General population decline. 

Light defoliation at one location 

in Houck Twp. 

Small numbers of pitch nodules 

on young trees at two collection 

points. 

Light populations on scattered 

shrubs in Twp. 87. 

Light leaf skeletonizing on 

shore shrubs at Lake Helen. 

Light population on one tree in 

Nakina Twp; small numbers at 

other widely-scattered sampling 

paints. 

Highest ay . of 1.1 larvae per 

mat sample in Twp. 88. 

Light twig gall infestation on 

several scattered trees in Pic 

Twp. 

Heavy pine bark aphid populations 

on small frost injured trees in 

white pine plantings in Sandra 

Twp. 

One adult was found in a witches* 

broom submitted to the laboratory 

for examination from the Owl Lake 

area. This, and a collection 

from the White River District 

are the first records of this 

bark weevil in Canada. 

One colony of sawflies found in 

Vivian Twp.; first district 

records. 

Solitary colony in Rupert Twp.; 

uncommon insect. 

Pockets of light leaf roller 

activity in aspen stands through 

Sandra and Eva twps. ; in the 

Diversion channel area and at 

Postagoni Lake.

V 27 



Phyrria umbra exprimens Wlk. 

Rhabdophaga strobiloides (Walsh) 

Sciaphila duplex Wlshm. 

Sternochetus lapathi (Lin.) 

Tenthredinidae #12 

Trichiocampus irregularis (Dyar) 


bPo 

tA 

wS 

General population decline; 

pockets of light new shoot defoliation 

in Summers Twp, at 

Goldfield road and at Pamela Lake 

Small numbers of leaf galls in 

Colter Twp. 

Found in association with other 

leaf rollers. 

One collection from Eva Twp.; new 

distribution point for the district 

Numerous colonies on a clump of 

willows at Killala Lake road and 

on one tree in Ledger Twp. 

Two colonies at widely-separated 


Eight per cent of current shoots 

infested on ten sample trees in 

Pic Twp.

WESTERN REGION 


STATUS OF INSECTS (REGIONAL) 

Forest Tent Caterpillar Malacosoma disstria Hbn. 

Page 

G1 


Foliage Rust of Spruce 

Ink Spot Disease of Poplar 

Hypoxylon canker of Poplar 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Aspens 

Foliage Rust of Balsam F4 

Drought Injury of Jack Pine 

Frost Injury 

Winter Drying of Conifers 

Other Noteworthy Diseases 

Chrysomyxa ledi de Bary G 6 

Ciborina whetzelii (Seav.) Seay. G 6 

Hypoxylon pruinatum (Klotsche) Cke.G 6 


& Cif. G 7 

Pucciniastrum epilobi Otth. G 8 

G 9 

G 10 

G 10 

G 10 


INTRODUcTION 

Western Forest Region 

This report summarizes forest insect, and, tree disease conditions in the Western 

Forest Region in 1965. Tree diseases and the forest tent caterpillar are written on 

a regional basis, whereas information on the status of other insects is dealt with 

in the district sections of the report. 

The 1965 field season was unusually cool with far above average rainfall 

throughout the region. Late spring frosts caused moderate damage to the new growth 

of most coniferous species at numerous locations, but otherwise surveys revealed 

little change in incidence and intensity of diseases. Needle rusts on conifers 

were observed commonly in the region and ground surveys in the Lake of the Woods 

area, where deterioration of coniferous stands occurred in 1964, revealed a marked 

increase in tree mortality. 

An increase in the extent of forest tent caterpillar infestations occurred for 

the sixth consecutive year and larch sawfly infestations increased in intensity 

and a further extension in the known distribution of European spruce sawfly, Diprion 

hercyniae Htg. and a leaf miner on birch, Profenusa thomsonii Konow was recorded. 

However, population levels of the spruce budworm and jack-pine sawflies continued 

to decline. 

In co-operation with the Department of Lands and Forests and at the request of 

the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company, short courses of instruction on forest insects 

and tree diseases were given to high school students by technicians in their 

respective districts. Numerous extension and service calls resulting from forest 

insect and tree disease problems were received from property owners, industry and 

the Department of Lands and Forests. 

The Forest Research Technicians in the Western Region gratefully acknowledge 

the interest and assistance of Provincial Departments and forest industries. 

P. E. Buchan

G 1 


An increase in the extent of the current forest tent caterpillar outbreak 

occurred for the sixth consecutive year. Aerial and ground surveys revealed that 

trembling aspen stands were severely defoliated in an area approximating 29,700 

square miles (Map 1). The most noteworthy increase was in Quetico Park in Fort 

Frances District where an estimated 1,500 square miles of new heavy infestation 

occurred. In the Fort Frances District rather extensive heavy infestations have 

persisted since 1962 and in the Kenora District since 1961. It is interesting to 

note that the northern periphery of the current outbreak and the outbreak that 

occurred from 1948 to 1953 virtually coincided. To the north of this area sufficient 

egg bands have been present each year to result in heavy infestations but these 

have failed to materialize. The most plausible explanation for this anomaly is that 

weather extremes create a northern barrier beyond which the insect cannot survive in 

large numbers. Evidence of this was observed along the northern periphery of the 

outbreak in 1965. During May weather conditions were cool and damp, with a mean 

temperature of approximately 49 and a range of 26 to 75 F. Precipitation totalled 

three and one-half inches including one and one-half inches of snow. Considerable 

larval mortality occurred near Red Lake and of 134 egg bands on ten trees examined 

in Baird Township only 11 colonies developed. 

Examination of egg bands in the field revealed that the average number of eggs 

laid per band in 1965 was lower than in previous years, particularly in older areas 

of infestation in Sioux Lookout and Kenora districts. Mortality in the egg stage 

resulted mainly from sterility and the inability of larvae to emerge. Parasitism 

was slightly higher than in previous years (Table 1). 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Per cent of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Hatch 

at 15 Points in the Western Forest Region in 1965 

Per cent egg mortality 

Av. no. Per cent caused by 

of eggs of eggs Para- Unsuccess. Sterile Degree of 

Location. er band hatched site eme --en e es 

Sioux Lookout District 

Block 10 170 92 2 1 5 H 

Norway Lake 166 67 6 25 2 Fl 

Baird Twp. 194 89 1 5 5 H 

Ear Falls 199 89 1 7 3 H 

Gorman Twp. #1 140 5 0 60 35 H 

Gorman #2 181 22 1 76 6 H 

Ignace 133 64 2 26 8 H 

Vermilion Add. 178 88 2 7 3 H 

Ilsey Twp. 150 84 1 13 2 H 

Savant Rd. 200 1 - 90 9

G2 


Per cent egg mortality 

Av. no. Per cent caused by 

of eggs of eggs Para- Unsuccess. Sterile Degree of 

Location er band hatched site emer:ence e s infestatioi 

Fort Frances Dis ri ct 

Atikokan 255 88 1 6 5 H 

N.E. Bay Rainy Lake 192 70 1 12 17 H 

Redgut Bay Rainy 

Lake 184 87 2 6 5 

Kenora District 

Dyment 135 69 8 19 4 H 

Macintosh 179 71 0 11 18 H 

Despite the abundance of forest tent caterpillar larvae in the early instars, 

very few insects reached the pupal stage in areas where heavy infestations have 

occurred for four to five consecutive years. This resulted in part from a spectacular 

polyhedral virus epizootic. Almost total mortality of forest tent caterpillar 

larvae occurred in the third to fourth instars near Sioux Lookout and Redditt. 

Thousands of dead larvae were massed in the upper portion of tree trunks and branches 

but few were found on the understory. In contrast, near English River where the 

larval population was infected with a virus in the fourth and fifth instars, the 

majority of the dead insects were found adhering to the undergrowth. 

Parasitism was the most important control factor in the cocoon stage but the 

incidence of disease also increased compared with previous years. To assess these 

control factos and their effect on moth emergence large numbers of cocoons were 

examined at 26 points in the region (Table 2). 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Forest Tent caterpillar cocoon Dissection 

in the Western Region in 1965 

Location 

Per cent 

parasitized 

196 196 

Per cent 

diseased 

1 6 196 

Per cent 

emerged 

1964 196 5 


Skey Twp. - 56 17 27 

Savant Lake _ 63 17 20 

Wapikaimaski Lake - 56 6 38 

Harris Bay Sturgeon 

Lake _ 56 - 20 - 24 

Baird Twp. - 81 - 8 - 11

WESTERN FOREST REGION 

1 SIOUX LOOKOUT 

2 KENORA 

3 FORT FRANCES 

FOREST TENT cATERPILLAR 

MILES 

0 20 40 

I- I 



Legend 



Nop

4 

196 

G 3 


Location 

Per cent 


Per cent 

diseased 


Per cent 

emerged 



Pakwash Lake 

Ear Falls 

Block 10 

Ilsley Twp. 

41 

53 

49 

37 

73 

70 

78 

69 

2 

1 

5 

4 

9 

19 

15 

4 

57 

44 

57 

60 

18 

11 

15 

27 


Sand Lake 

Southworth Twp. 

Aubrey Twp. 

Mutrie Twp. 

Zealand Twp. 

Willingdon Twp. 

Redditt Twp. 

Satterly Twp. 

Upper Manitou Lake 

Canyon Lake 

MacNicol Twp. 

51 

19 

24 

41 

38 

26 

61 

19 

48 

27 

- 

58 

36 

22 

59 

31 

19 

74 

27 

41 

24 

38 

21 

14 

17 

13 

20 

17 

28 

14 

29 

9 

- 

-' 

29 

21 

30 

18 

20 

20 

17 

33 

27 

26 

47 

28 

65 

58 

56 

42 

57 

11 

67 

22 

63 

- 

13 

53 

48 23 

23 

48 

60 

9 

39 

31 

50 

15 

Fort Frances District 

Redgut Bay 

Quetico Lake 

Jackfish Lake 

Atikokan 

Northwest Bay 

Rainy Lake 

Northeast Bay 

Rainy Lake 

54 

37 

53 

65 

60 

70 

68 

72 

66 

70 

6 

2 

5 

4 

36 

61 

39 

30 

40 

30 

32 

28 

34 

30 

- • 

mortality undifferentiated 

ferentiated. as to parasitism and disease. 

Moth populations have been measured by light trapping each July since 1960. 

Results show that adult populations were highest in 1962 and 1963 and declined in 

1964 and 1965 (Table 3). The percentage of female moths captured in the four years 

from 1962 to 1965 were 30 26, 11 and 5 respectively. Therefore the decrease in 

numbers of egg bands can be explained partially by the lower numbers of female moths

G 4 

TABLE 3 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Adults Captured in Light Traps 

Over a Six Year Period at Two Points in the Western Region 

No. of adults ca tured 

Location 1960 1'61 1 2 1 6 1'6 196 

Vermilion Bay 262 1324 545 491 263 

Sioux Lookout 37 1252 1988 4527 1961 211 

Egg band counts made at 52 widely-separated points in the region indicate that 

light to severe defoliation will occur in 1966 and will be most severe in Fort Frances 

District. In all but one of the areas sampled in Sioux Lookout and Kenora districts 

a marked decline in numbers of egg bands per tree was recorded. Past experience 

reveals that a general decline in egg counts after several years of heavy infestation 

usually heralds the termination of an outbreak. Experience also shows that 

although population levels based on egg counts near the termination of an outbreak 

appear to be sufficiently high to cause considerable damage, larval mortality during 

the early instars results in less damage than anticipated. It will be interesting 

to note whether these observations will be borne out in Sioux Lookout and Kenora 

districts in 1966 (Table 4). 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Forest Tent caterpillar Egg Band counts and Infestation 

Forecasts for 1966 in the Western Region 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Av, no. egg bands 

per tree 

1'6 196 l6 

Forecast for 

1 • 66 


Ilsley Twp, 

4 34 17 

2 Light 

Block 10 

4 27 48 4 Moderate 

Uchi Road 3 7 38 2 Light - 

Baird Twp. 3 5 70 1 Light 

Valora Road 4 22 33 2 Light 

Gorman Twp. 4 10 14 4 Moderate 

Norway Lake 4 83 90 11 Severe 

McAree Twp. 4 17 12 3 Moderate 

Sturgeon Lake 5 46 17 3 Moderate 

Wapesi Lake 4 5 7 2 Light 

Raggedwood Lake 4 4 8 1 Light 

Savant Lake 4 15 12 4 Moderate 

Highstone Lake 3 - - 3 Moderate 

Otatakan Lake 3 1 Light 

Vermilion Add, Twp. 4 6 Severe

G 5 

TABU 4 (continued) 

Av. no. egg bands 

Av. d.b.h. per tree Forecast for 

Location in inches 1 6 1 6 1 6 1966 


Southworth Twp. 3 26 29 3 Moderate 

Slaterly Twp, 4 75 .14 1 Light 

Zealand Twp. 4 33 36 11 Severe 

Mutrie Twp. 3 66 8 6 Severe 

Tustin Twp, 3 14 20 2 Light 

Canyon Lake 4 71 27 13 Severe 

Sand Lake 3 31 23 9 Severe 

Lemay Twp. 5 16 23 10 Severe 

Willingdon Twp. 3 36 31 3 Moderate 

Work Twp. 4 41 12 5 Moderate 

Minaki 4 109 49 7 Severe 

Upper Manitou Lake 5 87 32 4 Moderate 

Perrault Lake 4 31 19 6 Severe 

Bay Is. (Lake of the 

Woods) 5 0 

Godson Twp. 3 

Redditt Twp, 3 

Camp Robinson 3 

Ewart Twp. 4 

Atikwa Lake 3 

Sabaskong Bay 4 


10 13 Severe 

10 6 Severe 

48 2 Litt 

- 6 Severe 

- 8 Severe 

- 5 Moderate 

9 Severe 

Northeast Bay Rainy Lake - 19 31 Severe 

18 

Sandpoint Is. ... 7 17 Severe 

Kingsford Twp, - 1 8 Severe 

claxton Twp. 

2 15 3 Moderate 

Eltrut Lake 

8 8 8 Severe 

Little Turtle Lake 24 19 3 Moderate 

McCrosson Twp. 2 3 5 Moderate 

Dobie Twp. 

- - 1 Light 

Robinson Lake - - 4 Moderate 

*East District Boundary 

53 Severe 

*Quetico Lake 

23 Severe 

*Atikokan 

33 Severe 

*Kairaskons Lake 

19 Severe 

*Manion Lake 

27 Severe 

*Redgut Bay Rainy Lake 

23 Severe 

11 

*Northwest Bay " 23 Severe 

*Eye Lake 

37 Severe 

Only onetree sampled at each point.

G 6 

A Foliage Rust of Spruce, chrysomyxa ledi denary 

A marked increase in the incidence of this disease occurred throughout the 

region particularly on black spruce. Severe rusting of the current year's foliage 

was observed in Drayton Township near Sioux Lookout and in Ignace Township near 

Ignace in the Sioux Lookout District, in stands along Highway 17 in Ewart and Mac- 

Nicol townships and at Mileage 29 on the Jones Road in the Kenora District; in 

Sifton Township north of Stratton and near Williamson Lake north of Atikokan in the 

Fort Frances District (Table 6). 

TABLE 6 

Incidence of Infected Spruce Shoots at Nine Points 

in the Western Region 

Note: Counts are based on shoots from ten 18-inch branch tips from five sample 

trees at each point. 

Location 

Tree 

S.. 

Av. 

d.b.h. 

No. trees 

infected 

No. available 

shoots 

Per cent 

infected 

Degree of 

infection 


Drayton Twp. bS 2 5 423 86.2 Heavy 

Bamaji Lake bS 3 5 212 52.3 Moderate 

Gulliver Lake wS 4 5 337 15.7 Light 

Young Lake wS 3 5 295 12.2 Light 

Pickle Lake bS 3 5 332 51.6 Moderate 

Ignace Twp. bS 1 5 342 100 Heavy 


Williamson Lake bS 2 5 520 94.6 Heavy 

Sifton Twp. bS 1 5 387 83.4 Heavy 

Kingsford Twp. wS 1 5 264 16.2 Light 

Ink Spot Disease of Poplar, ciborina whetzelii (Seav.) Seav. 

This foliage disease caused browning of foliage on trembling aspen trees along 

the Ignace-Pickle Lake road 10 miles south of Rat Rapids on Lake St. Joseph (see 

photograph). Light infection was observed at one point elsewhere in Sioux Lookout 

District, at three points in the Kenora District and at one point in the Fort Frances 

District. 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar, Hypoxylon pruinatum (Klotsche) Cke. 

This pathogen was found in most aspen stands throughout the region and was most 

prevalent in stands on poor sites (see photograph). Examination of permanent sample 

plots at ten points showed that light tree mortality occurred in one sample plot 

in. the Sioux Lookout District and in four plots in the Fort Frances District. No 

change occurred in the status of the disease at sample plots in the Kenora District 

(Table 7).

G 7 

Summary of New Infection of Hypoxylon Canker and Mortality 

in Sample Plots in Trembling Aspen Stands in 1965 

Av. d.b.h. 

Location in inches 

Sioux. Lookout 

Site 

quality 

Per cent 

Per cent 

incidence incidence Total per cent 

new infection new mortality mortality 

196 1965 1965 

Red Lake 6 Fair 0 2 25 

Ear Falls 6 Good 0 0 0 


Caribou Falls 5 Fair 0 0 0 

Sioux Narrows 4 Fair 0 0 0 

Kekekwa Lake 5 Good 0 0 0 


Redgut Bay 

Rainy Lake 4 Good 0 1 4 

Northeast Bay 

Rainy Lake 6 Poor C 6 11 

Northwest Bay 

Rainy Lake 4 Fair 4 5 9 

Eltrut Lake 5 Fair 2 3 6 

Kingsford Twp. 3 Good 0 0 1 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Aspens, Pollaccia radiosa (Leb.) Bald. & cif. 

This leaf and twig blight was common on trembling aspen regeneration in the 

region, Quantitative sampling showed that infection was heavy in the Sioux Lookout 

District, moderate in the Kenora District, and from light to moderate in the Fort 

Frances District (Table 8).

G 8 

TABLE 8 

Incidence of Twig Blight Injury on Regeneration Aspen 

in the Western Region, 1965 

Note: Counts are based on examination of available shoots on the top 3-foot 

section of the crown on each of ten trembling aspen trees at each point. 

Location 

Av. 

d.b.h. 

No. trees 

infected 

No. available 

shoots 

Per cent 

infected 

Degree of 

infection 


Block 10 1 10 160 80 Heavy 

Baird Twp. 1 10 149 81 Heavy 

Ignace Twp. 1 10 175 90 Heavy 

Cathcart Twp. 1 10 130 77 Heavy 


Wabigoon Twp. 1 9 195 38 Moderate 

Hawk Lake 2 10 181 41 Moderate 

Jones Rd. 1 7 176 25 Moderate 

Forgie Twp. 1 8 244 33 Moderate 

Van Horne Twp. 1 8 191 38 Moderate 


Basswood Lake 1 2 103 2 Light 

Blue Twp. 1 7 228 4 Light 

Morson Twp, 1 10 238 24 Moderate 

Richardson Twp. 1 10 217 31 Moderate 

Field observations and sampling showed that the incidence of infection was most 

common on open-growing and roadside regeneration trees. 

Foliage Rust on Balsam-fir, Pucciniastrum epilobi Otth. 

Little change in the status of this foliage disease occurred in the region. 

Heavy infection of fringe trees was recorded in Pickerel Township south of Sioux 

Lookout (Table 9). Light infection was observed at four widely-scattered points 

elsewhere in the Sioux Lookout District, at one point in the Kenora District and 

A four points in the Fort Frances District.

G 9 

Incidence of Infected Shoots at Six Points 

in the Western Region 

Note z Counts are based on examination of all available shoots on ten 18-inch 

branch tips, two from each of five trees at each point. 

Location 

Av. 

d.b.h. 

No. trees 

infected 

No. available 

shoots 

Per cent Degree of 

infected infection * 


. 

Pickerel Twp. 

4 5 409 56.9 

Jordan Twp. 3 5 404 12.3 

Baird Twp. 3 5 151 17.2 

Savant Road 4 5 379 10.2 

Uchi Road 3 5 306 7.1 


Potts Twp. 

4 3 198 11.2 

H heavy, L light. 

Drought Injury of Jack-pine 

In 1964 considerable deterioration and mortality of jack pine and to a lesser 

degree other conifers occurred in an area of approximately 1,200 square miles on 

islands and along shorelines of Lake-of-the-Woods. The causal agent was identified 

as drought. 

Examination of jack pine in three permanent sample plots established in 1964 

showed that considerable mortality occurred in 1965 in stands growing on high 

shallow sites but was less severe in stands growing in fair to good sites (Table 10). 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Jack-pine Mortality at Three Points Where Deterioration 

Attributed to Drought Occurred in the Western Region 


Location 

No. of 

trees 

examined 

Av. d.b.h. 

Approx. age 

Per cent stem 

mortality 

1964___1965 

Total per cent 

mortality 

Peninsula 

Aulneau 

. nsula* 223 3.8 25-30 19.6 2.6 22.2 

Lake-of-the-Woods Sabaskong Bay Bay 95 6.2 60-70 39.9 11.5 51.4 

(Lake of the Woods) 

Woods) 

Morson Twp, 171 2.3 20-25 35.6 11.6 47.2 

. _ 

* Fair site

G 10 

Although a sharp decline in numbers of trees dying can be expected in succeding 

years, some additional mortality can be expected to occur in trees showing severe 

deterioration in 1965. 

Frost Injury 

Frost in late May caused light to moderate injury to the new shoots of balsamfir 

and spruce at widely-scattered points in the region (see photograph). 

The heaviest shoot mortality occurred in Baird and Dewan townships in the Sioux 

Lookout District. Quantitative samples from black spruce and balsam fir in Baird 

Township and on balsam-fir in Dewan Township showed 12, 20 and 3 per cent shoot 

mortality respectively. Light damage occurred on exposed trees at widely-scattered 

points elsewhere in the Sioux Lookout District, in the north-central part of the 

Kenora District and throughout the Fort Frances District. 

Winter Drying of conifers 

Severe winter conditions caused damage to small diameter trees in pine plantations 

in Kenora and Fort Frances districts. Extensive damage occurred in mixed 

red, white and jack pine plantations in Zealand and Willingdon townships and in a 

mixed red and white pine plantation in Van Horne Township in the Kenora District. 

Counts in each plantation showed that approximately 50 per cent of the trees were 

damaged above the snow line. 

In the Fort Frances District, 85 per cent of the trees in a Scots pine plantation 

in Miscampbell Township were damaged. Light damage was also recorded in a 

red pine plantation in Woodyatt Township. 

TABLE 11 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the Western Region in 1965 

Organism 

Apiosporinia collinsii (Schw.) 

Hoehn. 

Armillaria mellea (Fr.) Kummer 

Aureabasidium pullulans (deBary) 

Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Diet. 



Host 

Sask 

bF 

tL 

bS 

wS, bS 

bS 

Remarks 

Low incidence recorded near Waldhof 


Single tree infected near Sioux 

Lookout 

Light infection of this fungus on 

cones at Valora-Division 19. 

Small clump of trees infected at 

Knox Lake, Division 26. 

Needle rust very common in all 

districts. Severe infection occurred 

near Triangle Lake in Division 

18. 

Surveys at sevel locations in the 

region resulted in negative counts 

at four points, and 11, 9, and 

2 per cent infection Jones, Hawk 

Lake, and Forgie Township respectively.

G 11 


Organism 

Coleosporium asterum (Deit.) Syd. 

Cronartium commandre Peck. 

Cryptosporella paucispora (Pk.) 

Berl. & Vogl. 

Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.) Fr. 

Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) 

Theiss. & Syd. 

Fumes ignarius (L. ex Fr.) Gill. 

Gnmonia setaceae (Pers.) Ces. & 

deNot 

Gymnosporangium sp. 


Dea rn. 

Lenzites saepiaria (Wulf.) 

Linospora tetraspora Thompson 

Marssonina populi ( Lit) Sacc. 


Melampsorella caryophyllacearum 

Schroet. 

Monilinia seaveri (Rehm.) Hon. 

Nothophacidium abietinellum 

(Dearn.) Reid & Cain 


Pezicula ocellata (Pers.) Seay. 

Host fl Remarks 

jP, aster Light infections common throughout 

region. 

jP Found only in Wabigoon Township, 

Kenora District. 

Al Collected from small pocket of 

light infection in Mutrie Township, 


tA, bPo, W Observed at two locations in both 

Kenora and Fort Frances districts. 

ecCh, pCh Moderate incidence in Division 

21 near Kenora. A marked 

increase occurred at Finlayson 

Lake, Fort Frances District. 

tA Individual trees infected 

throughout the region, particularly 

in mature and overmature 

aspen stands. 

wB Four trees infected at Rat Rapids, 

Albany Lake in Sioux Lookout 

District. 

aMo Foliage rust common throughout 

the three districts in the 

region. 

jP Single collection submitted from 

Eagle Lake (Canoe Narrows) in 

Division 18. 

bS Observed on individual host 

tree in decadent condition, Eagle 

Lake, Division 18. 

bPo common throughout Sioux Lookout 

and Kenora districts. 

tA Light infection of this leaf spot 

disease in Pickerel Township- 

Division 25. 

tL Needle rust infection recorded 

in Burris Twp.-Division 22. 

bF Two collections submitted from 

areas of light infection in the 


ecCh Wilting of new shoots and leaves 

observed near Rainy River. 

bF Single tree severely attacked at 

Dobie Lake in Division 32. 

Aralia Observed most frequently in the 

Sioux Lookout District. 

tA Moderate infection of roadside 

aspen in Bridges Township-Division 

18.

Pezicula populi (Thompson) Seav. 

Pollacia elegans Serv. 

Polyporus perennis (L.) Fr. 

Puccinia asteris Duby. 

Puccinia hieracii (Roehling) 

Martius 

Puccinia mesomajalis Berk. & 

curt ex Pk 


Septoria alni Saec. 

Septoria musiva Pk. 

Taphrina flava Farl. 

bPo 

bPo 

Ground 

Aralia 

Fall 

dandelion 

Clintonia 

Al 

bPo 

wB 

Fruiting bodies on branches and 

twigs. Low incidence near Kenora. 

Small clumps of light infection 

were common throughout the region. 

Fruit bodies plentiful near 

Barrel Lake Falls - Division 19. 

Rust common in all districts. 

Submitted from Jordon Twp. Sioux 

Lookout District. 

Light infection recorded at 

Sesegenaga Lake in the Sioux 

Lookout District. 

collected in all districts. 

Leaf blight observed at 

Gulliver Lake in Division 25. 

Moderate infection of this shoot 

blight near Richan north of 

Dryden. 

Single tree lightly infected at 

Mile 37, Valora.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE SIOUX LOOKOUT DISTRICT 

Black-headed Budworm Acleris variana (Fern,) G 13 

Birch Leaf Skeletonizer Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. G G 13 

A Bark Beetle Conophthorus sp. G 13 

European Spruce Sawfly Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) G 14 

White-pine Shoot Borer .. Eucosma gloriola Heinr. G 14 

Hemlock Looper Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Gn. G 15 

Western Tent Caterpillar Malacosoma pluviale Dyar G 16 

A Jack-pine Sawfly Neodiprion maurus Rohwer. G 16 

Red Pine Sawfly Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. G 17 

Black-headed Jack Pine Sawfly Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. G 17 

Red-headed Jack Pine Sawfly Neodiprion virginianus complex G 17 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly Pikonema alaskensis Roh. G 18 

Green-headed Spruce Sawfly Pikonema dimmockii Cress. G 19 

White Pine Weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) G 19 

Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. G 20 

Spruce Bud Gall Midge Rhabdophaga swainei Felt G 20 

Pine Tortoise Scale. Toumeyella numismaticum P. & M. G 20 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected G 20 

Page

wS 

G 13 

Black-headed Budworm, Acleris variana (Fern.) 

Population levels of this insect were lower at permanent sample locations in 

1965 than in 1964 (Table 11). A small pocket of medium to heavy infestation occurred 

on black spruce trees approximately 10 miles south of Highway 17 on the Norway Lake 

Road. The insect occurred in 40 samples from June 9 to August 10 averaging five 

larvae per collection. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Black-headed Budworm Larval counts on 15 Mat Samples 

from 18 Points in the Sioux Lookout District 


Location 

Tree 

s ecies 

Av. d.b.h. in 

inches in 196 


196 1964 196 

Vermilion Add. Twp. bS 3 42 24 11 

Eaid Lake bS 2 23 65 13 

Raven Lake bS 4 11 2 

Sowden Lake wS 4 12 11 1 

Drayton Twp. wS 4 13 17 8 

Highway 105 bS 3 118 26 3 

Uchi Road 

3 7 21 4 

Scotch Lake wS 2 1 16 2 

Block 10 bS 3 67 136 19 

Lomond Twp. wS 5 18 5 

Ilsley Twp. bS 2 20 6 

Pickerel Twp. wS 3 17 3 

White Otter Lake wS 3 26 11 

Highway 105 wS 2 30 3 

Split Lake bF 4 7 3 

Dewan Twp, 

bF 

4 

6 

6 

Dien Lake 

bF 

3 

2 

3 

Norway Lake bS 4 5 71 

Birch Leaf Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella Chamb. 

Following three years of moderate to severe defoliation of extensive stands of 

white birch, this insect virtually disappeared in 1965. In 1962 severe browning of 

foliage was observed near Lake St. Joseph and the Albany River. By 1964 infestations 

had spread southward in a salient to encompass McCrea, DeLessups, and Highstone lakes. 

Two outbreaks of this insect have occurred in the past ten years, originating in 

1956 and in 1962. 

A Bark Beetle of Jack Pine, Conophthorus sp. 

Light infestations were common. The only consistent trends in numbers at 

sample stations occurred in Rivell and Vermilion Additional townships where an 

increase has been recorded for two years (Table 12).

G 14 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damage caused by Conophthorus Sp. on 50 Jack Pine Trees 

at Each Sampling Point in the Sioux Lookout District 


No. of trees 

Total no, of d aged 

Av, d,b,h. 

attacked 

shoots 

Location in inches 1963 1964 1965 1963 1964 1965 

Revell Twp. 3 3 16 19 12 23 29 

Vermilion Add. Twp. 4 5 5 9 4 5 11 

Highway 105 2 - 3 3 3 5 

Wenasaga Road 4 - 14 3 20 3 

Martin Road 2 4 1 0 4 1 0 

Echo Twp. 3 7 2 0 8 2 0 

Sandbar Lake 2 - - 1 1 

Valora 3 2 2 


This insect was recorded for the first time in the district in 1964. In 1965 

small numbers of larvae were found at four locations in Division 19 representing a 

northward extension in distribution of approximately 50 miles (Table 13). 

TABLE 13 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval counts Made - on White 

Spruce Trees in the Sioux Lookout District in 1965 

Location 



Total no, of larvae 

er 1 tra 

White Otter Lake 4 4 

Raleigh Falls 3 4 

Sowden Lake 3 4 

Norway Lake 3 4* 

* only one tree sampled 


Damage by this insect was-somewhat lighter than in recent years (Table 14). 

Jack pine regeneration near Sandbar Lake north of Ignace and in Mcllraith Township 

were most heavily infested. To date this insect has been found only on jack pine 

in the Sioux Lookout District (see photograph).

G 15 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Terminal and Lateral Shoot Damage by the White Pine Shoot 

Borer on 50 Jack-pine Trees at Each Point 

in the Sioux Lookout District in 1965 

Location 

No, of trees 

Av, d.b.h. attacked 

in inches 1 6 196 

No, of shoots attacked 

Laterals Leaders 

196 196 16 196 

corman Twp. 2 6 1 1 0 6 1 

Echo Twp, 

2 

28 

6 14 2 24 4 

McIlraith Twp. 

1 

32 14 

9 8 

27 9 

Vermilion Add, Twp. 1 

23 

7 

2 1 

22 6 

Valora 

3 

10 

0 

0 0 

10 

Sandbar Lake 1 11 23 3 8 9 18 

centrefire Lake 1 6 1 6 

Hemlock Looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Gn. 

This insect was more prevalent on balsam fir and spruces than for many years. 

counts were highest at sample stations in Dewan and Gour townships in Ignace Division 

(Table 15) but the insect could be collected with ease in most fir and spruce stands 

in the district. The insect was collected as far north as Zionz Lake near the 51st 

parallel (see photograph). 

Location 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Hemlock Looper Larval counts 


Tree 

s ecies 

Av. d.b.h. in 

inches in 196 

Total no, of larvae per 

15-mat sample 

1 6 196 

Uchi Road wS 3 1 1 

Drayton Twp. wS 4 2 3 

Sowden Lake wS 4 8 6 

Pickerel Twp. wS 3 7 3 

Dien Lake bF 3 4 8 

Norway Lake Road bF 4 9 8 

Echo Twp. wS 4 3 2 

Dewan Twp. bF 4 14 24 

Alcona Road bF 3 - 1 

McAree Twp. bF 3 _ 2 

Pickerel Twp. bF 3 _ 3 

Sturgeon Lake wS 5 _ 6 

Ilsley Twp. wS 3 15 

Gour Twp. bF 4 21. 

Cathcart Twp. bF 4 11 

Bell Lake bS 4 - 2

G 16 

Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma ale Dyar 

An appreciable increase in numbers of this insect occurred along an access road 

north of Sioux Lookout. However, in Vermilion Additional Township where the numbers 

of colonies had increased for three consecutive years, a considerable decline occurred 

Other changes in population levels are shown in Table 16. 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Larval colony counts of Western Tent caterpillar 


No, of tents er mile of roadside 

Location 1962 . .1963 1964 1965 

Drayton Twp. 4 3 2 3 

Mi 33 Valora Rd. 3 3 2 7 

Vermilion Add. 7 10 34 22 

Deception Bay Rd. 2 6 11 25 

Echo Twp. 5 17 9 2 

Baird Twp. 1 6 2 

Mi 38 Valora Rd. 11 10 3 

A Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodi rion maurus Rohwer. 

This insect occurred more commonly than for some years. The highest colony 

count was obtained in a sample plot in Pickerel Township (Table 17). 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Neodiprion maurus Rohwer. colony counts on 10 Jack Fine 

Trees at Each Location in the Sioux Lookout District 


Av, d.b.h. of trees Total no, of colonies counted 

Location in inches in 1965 196 1965 

Jordan Twp. 3 5 1 

Ilsley Twp. 4 3 6 

Dewan 4 7 2 

Drayton Twp. 3 2 

Moonlight Falls 4 1 

Hirway Lake Rd. 3 2 

Pickerel Twp, 

3 

1/ 

Revell Twp. 

4 

2 

Kathryn Lake 2 2 

Vermilion Add. Twp. 3 5

G 17 


Population levels of this insect were highest since 1954 when nine colonies per 

tree were recorded near Sioux Lookout. Quantitative sampling revealed that the 

highest number of colonies occurred in Dewan Township Division 19 (Table 18). 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Red Pine Sawfly colony counts on 10 Jack Pine Trees 

at Each Location in the Sioux Lookout District in 1965 

Av, d.b.h of trees 

Location in inches Total no. of colonies found 

Vermilion Add, Twp. 3 2 


Dewan Twp. 3 6 

Martin Road 2 2 

Raven Lake 3 1 

Pickerel Twp. 3 2 

Black-headed Jack Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. 

Appreciable numbers were collected for the first time in several years (Table 

19). colonies were found commonly from Sioux Lookout to Ignace, the highest number 

occurring in Pickerel Township (see photograph). 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Black-headed Jack Pine Sawfly Colony Counts on 10 Jack 

Pine Trees at Each Location in the Sioux Lookout District 


Location 


in inches Total no of colonies found 



Pickerel Twp, 3 5 

Hanna Lake 3 2 

Frog Rapids 3 1 

Kathryn Lake 2 3 

Red-headed Jack Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion virginianus complex 

Little change on population levels of this insect has occurred for several 

years. Moderate to heavy infestations occurred on jack pine regeneration in Divisions 

19, 25, and 32. The highest numbers of colonies were found near Medcalf Lake south 

of Lake St. Joseph and in Pickerel Township south of Sioux Lookout (Table 20).

G 18 

Small numbers of Neodiprion nigroscutum Midd. were associated with Neodiprion 

virginianus complex larval colonies in Pickerel Township, 

TABLE 20 

Summary of Redheaded Jack Pine Sawfly colony counts on 10 Jack 

Pine Trees at Each Location in the Sioux Lookout District 


Location 


in inches in 1 6 

Total no. of colonies found 

1962 1963 1964 1965 

Jordan Twp. 2 2 8 13 2 

Moonlight Falls 4 0 3 17 2 

Wenasaga Road 4 2 2 11 3 

Drayton Twp. 3 16 15 17 12 

Pickerel Twp. 3 26 69 

Martin Road 2 1 6 13 23 

Raven Lake 4 3 3 6 2 

Echo Twp. 2 19 

Medcalf Lake 3 71 


Population levels of this sawfly changed only slightly with highest numbers 

occurring on white spruce (Table 21). Although this insect is capable of severely 

defoliating open-grown trees (see photograph) it has not been found in high numbers 

in the district for several years. 

TABLE 21 

Summary of Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts 

in the Sioux Lookout District from 1963 to 1965 

a ion 

Tree 

• ecies 



Total no. of larvae found 

1963 1964 1•6-' 

Vermilion Add. Twp. bS 4 3 3 4 

Eaid Lake bS 3 2 4 0 


McAree wS 4 '7 7 

White Otter Lake wS 4 4 1 

Scotch Lake wS 3 18 5 

Highway 105 bS 3 3 1 

Ilsley Twp. bS 3 17 3 

Ear Falls wS 4 7 

Sturgeon Lake 

wS 

5 

3

G 19 

Green-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema dimmockii cress. 

Generally, population levels of this insect approximated those of recent years. 

The highest number of larvae in a single collection was recorded at White Otter Lake 

south of Ignace (Table 22). 

TABLE 22 

Summary of Green-headed Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts on 15 Mat 

Samples from Each Point in the Sioux Lookout District 


Location 

Tree 

s ecies 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Total no, larvae found 

196 1964 196 

Block 10 bS 4 2 1 8 

Wenasaga Road wS 3 5 6 12 


McAree Twp, 

%4S 

4 

6 14 

14 

Upper Scotch Lake wS 

2 

15 

10 

Highway 105 wS 2 7 13 

White Otter Lake wS 3 23 

Pickerel Twp. 

wS 

3 

7 

Haggart Lake 

bS 

2 

5 

Webb Twp. wS 4 7 

Cairns Lake bS 3 1 

Jordan Twp. wS 3 2 

White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck 

Generally, the incidence of weevilled jack pine trees was similar to 1964. The 

highest number of damaged leaders was found on jack pine reproduction near Ignace. 

Counts based on examination of 50 trees at each sample location are summarized in 

Table 23. 

TABU, 23 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil at 8 Points 


ation 

Av, height 

in feet 



Echo Twp. 8 1 2 

Norway Lake Road 8 4 2 

Valora 14 6 6 

Ignace 6 5 10 

Gorman Twp. 6 2 2 


McIlraith Twp. 7 8 

Centerfire Lake 6 4

G 20 


An increase in population levels of this insect occurred in most of the 

half of the district. Pockets of medium to heavy infestation were found along 

Highway 17, east and west of Ignace, near Sioux Lookout and southeast of Sturgeon 

Lake, Division 19. 

Since the decline of high populations in 1951 pockets of medium to heavy infestation 

occurred sporadically in 1953, 1957 and 1959. The upward trend in population 

levels in. 1965 represented the most significant change in the status of the insect 

In recent years 

spruce Bud Gall Midge, Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

Populations of this insect have remained at a low level since 1962. The highest 

percentage of infested buds occurred in Hodgson Township west of Ignace (Table 24). 

TABLE 24 

Summary of counts of Terminal Buds Infested by the Spruce Bud 

Gall Midge on Black Spruce in the Sioux Lookout 


ocation 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

No. of shoots 

examined in 50 

branch ti .s 

Per cent terminal buds infested 

196 1964 196c 

Osaquan Twp. 3 137 1.3 1.4 2.1 

Hodgson Twp. 3 125 4.0 

Echo Twp. 3 147 1.3 

Corman Twp. 4 133 1.5 

ignace 2 168 1.8 

Baird Twp. 4 122 2.4 

Pine Tortoise Scale, Toumeyella numismatic= P. & M. 

This insect was found at several locations in 1965. The highest numbers occurred 

on second growth jack pine 15 miles west of Ignace. An outbreak of the insect in 

1955 and 1956 caused considerable mortality in jack pine stands 25 miles south east 

of Sturgeon Lake Division 19. 

TABLE 25 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects collected 

in the Sioux Lookout District 

Acleris logiana Linn. 



Archippus strianus Fern. 


Badebecia urticana Hbn. 

wB 

wB 

bF, bS 

bF, bS 

1T 

Mountain 

maple 

Low populations near Ignace. 

Scarce throughout district. 

Recurs yearly. 

Low populations. 

Populations remain low. 

Found yearly in low numbers 

throughout district.


G21 

TABU, 25 (continued) 

Host 

Remarks 

Cecidomyia occelaris O.S. 

Choristoneura fumiferana clem. 

choristoneura rosaceana Harr. 

chrysomela mainensis mainensis 

Bechne. 

Cimbex americana Leach. 


Dimorphopterx pinguis (Nort.) 


Epinotia corylana McD. 




Ips pini Say. 

Monochamus scutellatus Say. 

Phyllocolpa sp. 



Neodiprion abbotti cress. 

Neodiprion nigroscutum Midd. 

rM 

bS, wS, 

bF 

wS, Al 

Al 

bF 

wB 

bS 

Al 

wS, bF, 

bS 

wS, bS, 

bF 

bPo, tA 

jP 

tA 

bF, bS 

jP 

jP 

Leaf galls noticeable along 

Norway Lake road. 

Found more frequently than in 

past few years. 

Found in beating samples. 

Leaf skeletonizing very light 

Kirkness Lake. 

Found in low numbers each year. 

Found from June 19 to Sept. 27 


Heaviest in Drayton Twp. 

Recurs yearly. The collection 

from Kapikik Lake contained 

most larvae found. 

Individual larva collected. 

Wherever found appeared in 

moderate numbers. 

Quantitative mat samples from 

points revealed low numbers 

throughout. 

Highest number of collections 

ever made in district; quantitative 

data showed no more than 

2 insects per 15 mats. 

Two colonies found in northern 

part of the district. 

Found throughout the district. 

Heavy mortality to fringe trees 

at two points in the district. 

Highest number observed at Moar 

Lake. 

Three colonies found at Bamaji 

Lake. 

As previously reported it is 

occurring further east. Highest 

number found 10 miles east of 

Ignace. 

Occurred in 1958 at Nungesser 

Lake, in 1960 near Ignace and in 

1965 near Sioux Lookout, each time 

as single colonies. 

Most plentiful 21 miles south of 

Sioux Lookout, associated with 

N. virginianus complex.

G 22 


Nepytia canosaria Wlk. 

Nyctobia limitaria Wlk. 



Orthosia hibisci Gn. 

Orthotomicus caelatus Eichh. 

Papilio glaucus Linn. 

Pityogenes plagiatus (Lee.) 




Protoboarmia porcelaria 

indicataria Wlk. 

Semiothisa dispuncta Wlk. 

Sparganothis acerivoeana MacK. 

Sparganothis sulfereana clem. 

Trisetacus grosmanni Keifer. 

wS , bF, 

bS 

bF 

bPo 

wB s A1, W 

bS 

bPo 

jP 

wS, jP 

wS , bS 

wB 

bF 

bF 

Mountain 

maple 

jP 

bF 

One collection made in 1963 as 

compared to 15 collections in 

1965. Ten quantitative samples 

showed an average of approximately 

4 larvae per 15-mat sample. 

Small numbers of larvae found at 

each point. 

Found from July 16 to Sept. 16. 

Occurs yearly in small numbers. 

Small numbers taken in beating 

samples. 

Bark beetles found in stems from 

roadway clearing. 

Occurs yearly in small numbers. 

Blow down trees lightly infested. 

Found in clearing for cabins. 

An increase in number of 

collections occurred in 1965. 

Highest number of larvae found at 

Knox Lake. 

Found at headwaters of Albany 

River in 1965; heaviest near 

Sioux Lookout. 

Low populations near Sioux Lookout. 

Active from mid July to end 

September. Highest numbers taken 

near Ignace. 

Small numbers of these leaf 

tiers found. 

Populations low 10 miles north 

of Ignace. 

Single collection of 20 adults 

taken in Dewan Twp.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE KENORA DISTRICT 

Page 


Cherry Ugly-nest Caterpillar 


Aspen Leaf Beetle 



Fall Webworm 





Swaine ' s Jack-pine Sawfly 


Poplar Serpentine Leaf Miner 

White Pine Weevil 

Larch Sawfly 

Pine Tortoise Scale 

Bark Beetles 


Acleris variana Fern. G 23 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch.) G 23 

Choristoneura pinus Free. G 23 

Chrysomela crotchi Brown G 23 

Diprion hercyniae Htg. G 24 

Eucosma loriola Heinr. G 24 

Hyphantria cunea (Drury) G 24 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. G 25 

Malacosoma pluviale Dyar G 25 

Neodiprion abietis complex G 26 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. G 26 

Neodiprion swainei (Midd.) G 26 

Neodiprion virginianus complex G 26 

Phyllocnistis populiella Chamb. G 27 

Pissodes strobi Peck. G 27 

Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. G 28 

Toumeyella numismaticum P. MoD. G 28 

*Oil" ... G 28 

... .. G 29 

G. G. Jackson

G 23 

Black-headed Budworm, Acleris variana Fern. 

The declining trend in population levels of this insect noted from 1962 to 

1964 continued in 1965. The heavy infestation that occurred at Kaoskauta Lake in 

1964 declined to light intensity in 1965. Endemic numbers were found in beating 

samples at scattered points throughout all divisions in the district. 

Cherry Ugly-nest Caterpillar, Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch.) 

In 1965, population levels of this caterpillar declined to its lowest ebb since 

1961 (Table 11). Only one or two colonies were observed at four of the seven permanent 

sample stations with negative counts occurring at the three remaining sample 

points. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Cherry Ugly-nest Caterpillar Colony counts 

in the Kenora District from 1961 to 1965 

Location 

(township) 

No. of colonies per mile of roadside 

1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 

Haycock 7 5 0 1 0 

Jaffray 4 2 0 7 2 

Mutrie 2 3 4 1 0 

Pellatt 6 4 0 3 2 

Forgie 5 5 4 1 0 

Boys 2 0 7 2 1 

Langton 7 4 6 1 1 


Population levels of this insect showed a marked increase compared with 1964. 

Medium infestations persisted at Atikwa and Upper Lawrence lakes approximating 120 

square miles in area. A new area of medium infestation comprising approximately 

20 square miles occurred between Eagle River and Waldhof in Mutrie Township. In 

this area, open-grown and fringe trees were most severely defoliated. Generally, 

the numbers of larvae collected in beating samples were higher than in previous 

years (see photograph). 

Aspen Leaf Beetle, chrysomela crotchi Brown 

A noteworthy decrease in population levels of this insect occurred in 1965. 

Major areas of infestation recorded at Nestor Falls, Sioux Narrows, Kenora, Minaki, 

Macintosh, and Dryden in 1964, subsided to light intensity in 1965. All diameter 

classes of trembling aspen were moderately defoliated, particularly along shorelines 

and in open-grown stands. At four locations, numerous small clumps of willow and 

alder were lightly infested. High populations of this insect have caused much 

concern and discomfort among tourists and camp operators throughout the district 

as the adult beetles congregate in mass numbers on shorelines where copulation 

occurs.

G 24 

European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae Htg. 

No significant change in population levels of this introduced sawfly occurred in 

1965 (Table 12). However, the distribution of this species has changed considerably 

since it was first collected near Minaki and Sioux Narrows in the western part of 

the district in 1961. In 1964 and 1965 the distribution boundaries were extended 

approximately 100 miles to the east and southeast where light infestations now occur 

at Sunshine Lake and in Docker Township. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts Made On White Spruce 

in the Kenora District in 1964 and 1965 

Av. no. of larvae per 

Av. d.b.h. 

15-mat sample 

Location in inches 16 196 

Sunshine Lake (Div. 18) 3 2.8 2.6 

Docker Twp. (Div. 18) 3 1.4 1.6 

Bruin Lake (Div. 21) 4 2.0 


There was no significant change in the status of this insect in 1965. Population 

levels highest in the central and eastern part of the district. Medium 

infestations persisted at four permanent sample stations (Table 13). This borer 

mines the terminal and lateral shoots of white, Scots, red, and jack pine in Ontario, 

but is most commonly found in jack pine in the Kenora District. 

• TABLE 13 

Summary of Terminal and Lateral Shoot Damage by the White Pine 

Shoot Borer on Jack Pine Trees in the Kenora District 


No. of No, of trees No. of shoots attacked 

Av, d.b.h, trees infested Terminal Laterals 

Location in inches examined l6 196 l'6 196 196 16 

Willingdon Twp. 3 50 7 11 13 12 9 14 

Smellie Twp, 2 100 27 24 18 16 11 9 

Langton Twp. 3 50 21 19 9 13 14 15 

Eagle Lake 

(canoe Narrows) 3 100 42 46 41 37 19 16 

(1.1.0211M10.111.190 


Populations of this caterpillar have continued to decline since 1958. An 

extremely sharp decrease in numbers of colonies occurred at Bay Island in Lake of 

the Woods where only three colonies were counted in a square chain plot in 1965

DISTRICT OF KENORA 

JAcK PINE BUDWORM 

0 

1 

MILES 

20 4 0 

Areas within which defoliation 


Legend 




• 

sa)

1964 

G 25 

compared with 139 colonies in 1964 (Table 14). Counts were negative at four of the 

eight sample stations in 1965. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Fall Webworm Colony Counts in the Kenora District 


No. of colonies er mile of roadside 

Location 1962 1963 


MacNicol Twp. 4 14 3 1 

Colenso Twp. 2 6 1 0 

Langton Twp. 1 8 2 0 

Tweedsmuir Twp. 5 32 7 3 

Mutrie Twp. 1 5 1 0 

Canyon Lake 3 7 2 0 

Zizania Lake 2 1 

Bay Island (Sq. chain Plot) 139 3 


Population levels of this leaf miner were relatively low for the second consecutive 

year. Light infestations occurred on trembling aspen and large-toothed aspen 

regeneration in Desmond, Willingdon, Langton, and Bridges townships. Competition 

resulting from heavy defoliation by the forest tent caterpillar throughout the greater 

part of the district was probably responsible for the low numbers of this leaf miner. 

Western Tent caterpillar, Malacosoma pluviale Dyar. 

Population levels of this insect were comparable to 1964, except in one sample 

point in Mutrie Township where a three-fold increase in the number of colonies 

occurred (Table 15). Field observations indicated that larval parasitism occurred 

frequently and a polyhedral virus disease was extremely noticeable near Camp 

Robinson in Division 18 and at mileage 39 on the Jones Road in Division 20. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Western Tent caterpillar colony Counts at Thirteen 

Locations in the Kenora District from 1963 to 1965 

Location 

Camp Robinson Road 

MacNicol Twp. 

Ewart Twp. 

Mutrie Twp. 

Docker Twp. 

Desmond Twp. 

Work Twp. 

Willingdon Twp. 

Lemay Twp. 

McMeeken Twp. 

Jaffray Twp. (Jones 

Rd.) 

Forgie Twp. 

Melick Twp. 

Host s 

pch 

pCh 

pCh 

pch, wB 

pCh, W 

pch, W 

pCh, W 

pch, W 

pch 

W, pCh 

W, wB 

W, pCh 

No. of colonies per mile of roadside 

1963. 1964 1965 

34 63 61 

43 44 47 

19 27 29 

14 29 87 

9 16 14 

11 19 32 

13 18 18 

2 20 22 

16 23 19 

18 17 15 

17 22 19 

21 22 25 

10 32 37

G 26 


A decline in population levels occurred for the second consecutive year. The 

heavy infestation recorded at Shoal Lake from 1961 to 1963 has completely disappeared. 

Single colonies were observed at two widely-separated points in the district and 

small numbers of larvae were found in beating mat samples. 


A slight increase in the numbers of colonies of this insect occurred at permanent 

sample stations compared with 1964 (Table 16). The insect was observed most commonly 

in the southwestern and central parts of the district. 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Red Pine Sawfly Larval colony Counts on Ten Trees 

at Five Locations in the Kenora District 


Location 

Av, d.b.h. 

in inches 

Av. no. of colonies er tree 

1'6 16 

Upper Lawrence Lake 3 0.6 1.8 

Nestor Falls 4 1.1 2.7 

colenso Twp. 2 0.1 1.1 

Docker Twp. 3 1.2 1.4 

Tustin Twp. 3 0.8 1.2 

Swaine's Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion swainei (Midd.) 

No significant change in the status of this jack-pine sawfly occurred in 1965. 

Light infestations have persisted at Sabaskong Bay and Rabbit Point in Lake of the 

Woods since 1961. In the same general area scattered colonies were observed on the 

Aulneau Peninsula and north of Nestor Falls on Highway 72. Survey records reveal 

that the distribution of this insect in the Kenora District is restricted to the 

Lake of the Woods area. 


No appreciable change in the status of this insect occurred in the district in 

1965 (Table 17). Colonies were observed most commonly in the central parts of the 

district but were rarely found in the northern portion. Small groups of open-grown 

jack pine regeneration were moderately defoliated in MacNicol, Work, and Desmond 

townships and on shoreline trees at Ord Lake. Several hundred cocoons were exposed 

at three widely-separated points in the district to determine the distribution of 

the parasite, Pleolophus basizonus (Gram.) which was released at Hawk Lake in 1940.

G 27 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Larval Colony counts on Ten 

Jack-pine Trees at Each Location in the Kenora District 


Location 

Av. no. of colonies .er tree 

196 196 

Zealand Twp. 1.7 

Melgund Twp. 0.8 

Eye Lake 2.6 

Ord Lake 0.6 

Mando Camp 208 1.8 

Miles Bay (Lake of the Woods) 0.3 0.5 

Redvers Twp. 0.1 1.1 

MacNicol Twp. 1.6 7.1 

Kirkup Twp. 0.9 1.4 

Van Horne Twp. 3.3 2.8 

Work Twp, 0.8 1.6 

Docker Twp. 0.8 1.9 

Wabigoon Twp. 0.4 0.0 

Rugby Twp. 2.6 2.l 

Tustin Twp. 0.8 2.2 

Mutrie Twp. 1.4 1.1 

Poplar Serpentine Leaf Miner, Phyllocnistis populiella chamb. 

First records of light infestation of this insect were established at two 

locations in the district in 1965. This interesting insect mines the foliage of 

trembling aspen and balsam poplar and is usually observed in extremely low numbers 

on regeneration. However, in 1965, two pockets of light infestation involving 

approximately 20 per cent of the leaves in a small clump of balsam poplar occurred 

at Macintosh in Division 18 and near Dyment in Melgund Township. The insect 

occurred more commonly throughout the district in 1965 than in previous years. 

White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck. 

Light infestations of this weevil persisted for the fourth consecutive year. 

Damage was most prevalent in white and jack pine and white spruce plantations, but 

small open-grown trees were also attacked at widely-separated points throughout 

the district (Table 18).

G 28 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White Pine Weevil 

in the Kenora District from 1962 to 1965 

Location 

Host 

No. of trees 

examined 

Per cent of 

trees weevilled 

1962 1963 1964 19 

Van Horne Twp. wP 100 11 10 18 14 

Redditt Twp. (1) wP 50 3 4 7 9 

Redditt Twp. (2) jP 50 2 2 7 6 

Willingdon Twp. jP 100 3 5 9 11 

Colenso Twp. jP 100 14 17 15 

Wabigoon Bridge jP 100 14 16 

Redvers Twp. (1) wP 50 3 4 

Redvers Twp. (2) jP 50 0 6 


A marked increase in the extent and intensity of infestations of this insect 

occurred in 1965. Small pockets of heavy infestation were recorded in the townships 

of Marie, Aubrey, Colenso, Bridges, Docker, Jaffrey, Ewart, and Haycock, along the 

Clearwater River and at Ord Lake. One hundred per cent defoliation occurred in a 

small group of tamarack trees near Sioux Narrows in Division 21. Medium infestations 

occurred at Bruin Lake in MacNicol Township, along the Shoal Lake Road south of 

Highway 17 and in Southworth, Melgund, Langton, and Redvers townships. Small groups 

of tamarack trees were lightly defoliated elsewhere in the district. 

Pine Tortoise Scale, Toumeyella numismaticum P. McD, 

Tortoise scale numbers increased over previous years. A pocket of heavy 

infestation occurred in a Department of Lands and Forests plantation at Bell Lake 

in Temple Township. Jack pine trees in the 2-to-4 inch diameter class were most 

severely attacked. Medium infestations were observed at Jake Lake in Wabigoon 

Township and in Van Horne, Smellie, Docker, and Bridges townships. Light infestations 

were noted at numerous other locations in the central and eastern parts of the 

district (see photograph). 

Bark Beetles 

A survey has been carried out since 1963 to determine the species of bark beetles 

attacking conifers in the district (Table 19). Samples were submitted from logs, 

slash, pulpwood, and living trees. The heaviest concentration of beetles occurred 

in the Lake of the Woods area where jack pine stands have been severely damaged by 

drought.

G 29 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Bark Beetles collected in the Kenora District 


Name of Bark Beetle Host No. of locations Year 

Crypturgus borealis Sw. bS 2 1 9 6 4 

Gnathotrichus materiarius Fitch. scP 1 1963 

Ips grandicollis Eich. bS 1 1965 

Ips perroti Sw. jP 1 1965 

Ips perturbatius Eich. bS 2 1963 

Ips pini Say jP , scP 12 1963-1965 

Orthotomicus caelatus Eich. jP 1 1965 

Orthotomicus latidens Lec. bS 1 1965 

Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw. wP 1 1965 

Pityogenes plagiatus (Lec.) 

scP, jP, rP 3 


bF 

4 

Polygraphus rufipennis Kby. bS 1 1965 

Scolytus piceae Sw, bS 3 1963 

19631965 

1963-1965 

TABLE 20 


in the Kenora District 

Insect Host 0 Remarks 

Acrobasis rubrifasciella Pack. 

Acronicta dactylina Grt. 


Anoplodera mutabilis Newm. 



Al 

Al 

jP) wS 

tA 

Arge clavicornis (F.) 

Argyresthia pygmaeella Hbn. 

Biston cognataria Gn. bPo, W, 

Al , pCh 

Bucculatrix canadensisella cham. wB 

tL 

Calligrapha ignota Brown 

wB 

carynota stupida Wlk. wB 

cecidomyia reeksi Vock. jP 

jP 

common on roadside trees at 

Gordon Lake and camp 208 Road. 

Low numbers on Bay Island in 

Lake of the Woods. 

Low numbers on each host. 

Adult borers observed in trunk 

of single tree. 

Light infestation of this sawfly 

in Sanford Twp. 

Small pocket of medium infestation 

on regeneration trees in 

Mutrie Township. 

Observed in Southworth Twp. 

Leaf tiers in small numbers. 

Single larva observed at each 

location. 

Light infestation on Splitrock 

Island in Lake of the Woods. 

Adults observed at each location. 

Leaf hoppers common on trees 

examined. 

Light infestation in Docker 

Township.

G 30 


Insect Host RE arks 

Choristoneura fumiferana (clem.) wS, bF 

Chrysomela mainensis mainensis Al 

Bechyne 

Colocasia propinquilinea Grt. 

Croesus latitarsus Nort. wB 

Datana ministra Dru. wB W 

Dioryctria abietivorella Grt. bS 

Elaphria versicolor Grt. wS 

Epicnaptera americanum Harr. 

bPo , W 


tA 



bF 

wS 


bS, wS, 

bF 

Galerucella decora Say W. 


Gracillaria invariabilis Braun. pCh 


bAs 

tA 

Griselda radicana Wlshm. wS 



Al, W 

Hydria undulata Linn. 1tA 

Ichthyura inclusa Hbn. tA 

Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Gn. bF 

Lapara bombycoides Wlk. rP 

Monochamus scutellatus (Say.) 

Mulsantina hudsonica csy. 

Al 

Nadata gibbosa A. & S. wB 

Neacanthocinus pusillus (Kb y. rP 

Nematocampa filament aria Gn. 

Nematus erythrogaster Nort. 

bS, rP, 

jP , wP 

bF 

bF 

Al 

Small numbers obtained in beating 

samples. 

Light infestation of this leaf 

beetle at Kaiashkomin Lake. 

Observed in low numbers on Gooseneck 

Island in Lake of the Woods. 

Small clump of trees lightly defoliated 


Low numbers on roadside shrubs. 

One larva from each point. 

Low numbers at Peganeis Lake. 

First record since 1961. 

caused deformed growth of aspen 

regeneration. 

Loopers common at each location. 

Lightly infested trees near Hawk 

Lake. 

Observed in all divisions. 

Low population levels on roadside 

trees. 

Medium infestation in a small 

clump of trees at Stewart Lake. 

Leaf rollers common near Ord Lake. 

Numerous on shoreline black ash on 

the Wabigoon River. 

collected in small numbers near 

Flavus Lake. 

Skeletonized leaves observed at 

each point. 

Moderate defoliation by this 

sawfly common on shoreline and 

roadside trees. 

Lightly infested trees. 

Low numbers in Sanford Twp. 

Low numbers only. 

Six trees attacked in Phillips Township. 

common throughout district on 

decadent host trees. 

Predators commn near Bruin Lake 

Portage. 

Endemic numbers at Triangle Lake 


Woodborers in small numbers Mutrie 

Township. 

Submitted from large collection of 

witches° brooms in Aubrey Township. 

Sawfly larvae in low numbers.

G 31 


Insect Host 

It arks 


Nemoria mimosaria Gn. 

b0 , wB 

Neodiprion maurus Roh. jP 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. jP 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. jP 

Nepytia canosaria Wlk. bF 

Neurotoma inconspicua (Nort. ) 

ch 

Nycteola cinearana N. & D. bPo 


W 

Nyctobia limitaria Wlk. 

bF 

Orthosia hibisci Gn. wB 

Orthosia revicta Morr. 

bF 

Paralobesia rhoifructana Kft. Sumac 

Petrova gemistrigulana Kft. rP 

Physokermes piceae Schr. wS 


wS, bS 


wS, bS 


wP 

Pogonocherus penicillatus Lec. bS 

Prionoxystus robinae Peck. 

tA 


bS 

Rhabdophaga swainei Felt. wS, bS 

Rhagium inquisitor (L.) 

rP 

Rhyaciona frustrana Comst. 

jP 

Semiothisa dispuncta Wlk. wS, bS, 

bF, 

Sparganothis sulfureana clem. jP 

Symmerista leucitys Francl. 

b0 

Numerous small clumps of light 

infestation on roadsidewillow 

shrubs. 

Individual larva at each location. 

Clumps of light infestation at each 

point. 

Light infestation at Upper Lawrence 

Lake. 

Light defoliation at each location. 

Small numbers only. 

Single colony in Godson Township. 

Medium infestation on roadside 

regeneration. 

Moderate numbers of this leaf tier. 

Loopers common on trees examined. 

Trace populations at North Narrow 

Lake in Desmond Twp. 

Lightly infested trees at each point. 

Light infestation of this rarely 

found insect on Gooseneck Island in 

Lake of the Woods. 

First record of this insect in the 


Trees moderately infested by this 

scale insect. 

Open-grown host trees heavily attacked 


Moderate defoliation on spruces at 

numerous points. 

Common on ornamental trees in the 

Dryden area. 

Bark beetle adults in low numbers 

at North Narrow Lake. 

Wood borer adult numerous in decadent 

host tree. 

Low numbers at Silver Lake Division 

20. 

Bud miners very scarce throughout 

the district. 

cerambycid larvae common in Lands & 

Forests plantation in McGeorge Twp. 

Submitted from one location. 

Light infestation at eight widelyseparated 

points. 

Low numbers in Mutrie and Docker 

townships. 

Low numbers in Lake of the Woods 

area.

Tetralopha aplastella Clem. 

Tetralopha expandens Wlk. 

Tetralopha robustella Zell. 

Tetropium cinnamopterum Kby. 

Xylomges dolosa Grt. 


ltA, tA 

b0 

jP 

rP 

bPo, tA 

jP 

Light infestation at two locations. 

Low numbers of larvae at two points. 

Larvae in nests surrounding cones 

common in Redditt Township. 

Woodborers common on decadent trees 

in Mutrie Township. 

Leaf miners common throughout the 

district. 

Common on jack pine regeneration near 

Waldhof.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE FORT FRANCES DISTRICT 

Page 





Hemlock Looper 



Swain Jack-pine Sawfly 


Yellow-headed Spruce Saw-fly. 

White pine Weevil 

Larch Sawfly 


Pine Tortoise Scale 


Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. G 33 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. G 34 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) G 34 

Eucosma gloriola Heinr. G 34 


(Gn.) G 35 

Neodiprion abietis complex G 35 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. G 35 

Neodiprion swainei (Midd.) G 36 

Neodiprion virginianus complex G 36 

Pikonema alaskensis (Rah.) G 37 

Pissodes strobi (Peck) G 37 

Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) G 38 

Rhabdophaga swainei Felt G 38 

Toumeyella numismaticum P. & McD. G 39 

Collected G 39 

M. J. Thomson

G 33 

Spruce Budworm, choristoneura fumiferana clem. 

Although an increase in numbers of this insect occurred at three points in the 

southern part of Quetico Park population levels generally were low in the district 

New pockets of light infestation were found at Basswood Lake on the International 

Border and at Trout Lake south of Dawson Portage. Examination of balsam-fir foliage 

at four sample points in this area showed an increase in defoliation at one location 

at Lac La Croix (Table 11). Small numbers of larvae were collected at only two 

points elsewhere in the district. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Defoliation of Balsam-fir by the Spruce Budworm 

in Fort Frances District from 1961 to 1965 

Per cent defoliation 

Location 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 

cache Bay . Saganaga Lake 87 26 9 7 2 

French Lake 33 12 4 3 2 

Lac La Croix 14 5 6 2 8 

Beaverhouse Lake 23 26 4 2 1 

Basswood Lake - - - 3 

Trout Lake - - - - 5 

Based on egg mass sampling, endemic populations will occur in 1966 (Table 12). 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Egg Mass Counts in Fort Frances District 


Av. no. egg masses per 100 

s.. ft. of foliate 

Cache Bay, Saganaga Lake 265 867 256 0 0 

French Lake 567 197 0 0 0 

Lac La croix 76 25 33 0 1 

Beaverhouse Lake 77 232 0 0 0 

Basswood Lake 0 

Trout Lake 0 

Mortality of balsam-fir resulting from defoliation by the spruce budworm 

occurred in sample plots in Quetico Park for the fifth consecutive year. Cumulative 

mortality in these plots is summarized in Table 13.

G 34 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Balsam-fir Mortality Caused by the Spruce Budworm 

in Fort Frances District, 1961 to 1965 

Location 

Sturgeon Narrows 

Sturgeon Lake 

Cache Bay 

Saganga Lake 

Size of 

plot 

in acres 

.20 

Per cent Cumulative per cent 

defoliation mortality by volume 

1 •61 1 62 1.. 1 6 1'6 1961 1962 1963 196 196 

57 15 2 0 0 23.2 46.3 58.1 66.3 71.5 

87 26 9 7 2 11.1 36.4 68.0 75.5 86.0 


Populations of this casebearer have remained at a low level since first discovered 

in the district in 1961, but an increase in distribution has been recorded each 

year. In 1965 casebearers were found in Morson Township, 30 miles northwest of the 

most westerly collection point in 1964. To date no casebearers have been found east 

of Rainy Lake. Quantitative sampling was carried out at five points in Division 22 

(Table 14). 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval counts in Fort Frances District 


Note: Counts are based on examination of sixteen 18-inch branch tips, four from 

each of four trees at each point. 

Location 

(township 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Av. no. of larvae per 

18-inch branch tip 

196 196 

Potts Miscampbell 

Dobie 

Crozier 

Morley 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1.0 

0.2 

0.1 

0.6 

0.1 

0.6 

0.6 

0.1 

0.2 


Populations of this spruce defoliator were at a low ebb in 1965. Although 

two generations occur each year in the district and host trees were examined at 

many points during both generations, a total of only nine larvae were found. 


A marked decline in population levels of this shoot borer occurred in Morson 

and Kingsford townships in Division 22 and near Williamson Lake north of Atikokan

G 35 

where varying degrees of infestation were observed on jack pine regeneration in 

1964. Quantitative sampling results are shwn in Table 15. No damage was observed 

in Kingsford Township in 1965. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Shoot Damage by the White-pine Shoot Borer 

on 100 Regeneration Jack-pine Trees 

at Each of Two Points in 1965 

cation 

No. of shoots damaged 

Av. d.b.h. Leaders Laterals 

in inches 1965 1964 196 

Total number 

shoots damaged 

1964 1.6 

Morson Township 2 41 19 111 58 152 77 

Williamson Lake 2 1 2 3 

Hemlock Looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Gn.) 

An upward trend in population levels of this looper was detected in 1965 (see 

photograph). In recent years only small numbers of larvae were collected from 

balsam-fir , spruce s and eastern cedar at widely scattered points. In 1965 a light 

infestation occurred on fringe balsam-fir trees along Highway 11, east of the 

French River and larvae were collected more commonly than in 1964 in beating samples 



A further decline in numbers of this sawfly occurred in the district as a 

whole. One small pocket of heavy infestation was found on a clump of open-grown 

black spruce trees in Pratt Township. Single colonies were observed at widelyscattered 

points elsewhere in the district. Black and white spruce wire the 

preferred hosts, only one colony being found on balsam in Morley Township. 


Smaller numbers of colonies of this insect occurred at sample points than in 

1964 (Table 16). Single colonies were observed on jack pine trees at five locations 

elsewhere in the district.

G 36 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Red-pine Sawfly Colony Counts at Four Points 

in the Fort Frances District in 1964 and 1965 

Note: counts are based on examination of ten red-pine trees at each sample point. 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

No, of trees infested Av, no, of colonies per tree 

19 64_ 196 196 _ 16 

Basswood Lake 8 1 1 0.4 0.l 

Lac La Croix 4 4 1 1.5 0.1 

Winkle Lake 6 4 3 0.9 0.7 

Russell Lake 4 6 0 0.8 0,0 

Swaine Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion swainei (Midd.) 

New light infestations occurred on shoreline trees at Brule Narrows, Rainy Lake 

and in a stand of jack pine regeneration on a high rocky site in Morson Township. 

Only small numbers of colonies were found at Rocky Islet Bay, Rainy Lake where a 

clump of light-to-moderate infestation was recorded in 1964 and along shorelines 

in the Lake Despair-Jackfish Lake area. Colony counts at quantitative sample points 

are summarized in Table 17. 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Swaine Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the 

Fort Frances District in 1964 and 1965 

Note Counts are based on examination of ten jack pine trees at each point. 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

No, trees Av, no, colonies per tree 

infested 1964 1965 

Jackfish Lake 5 2 0.2 0.6 

Footprint Lake 6 0 0.3 0.0 

Bad Vermilion Lake 4 0 0.3 0.0 

Morson Township 4 10 4.1 


Generally, population levels of this sawfly were similar to 1964. A heavy 

infestation recurred in a mixed jack and red pine plantation at the French Lake Road 

on Highway 11. New heavy infestations were found on clumps of regeneration along 

the highway between the Nym Lake road and the east boundary of the district. Small 

pocket of medium infestation were observed on clumps of open-grown jack pine trees 

in Devlin and Richardson townships west of Fort Frances. Small numbers of trees 

were lightly infested at widely-scattered points elsewhere in the district. Colony 

counts are summarized in Table 18.

G 37 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Colony counts 

in the Fort Frances District, 1961 to 1965 

Location 

No, of trees 

led 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Av. no. colonies per tree 

1961 1962 196 1964 1965 

Richardson Twp. 

Menary Twp, 

Dobie Twp. 

Morley Twp, 

Kaiarskons Lake 

Manitou Sound 

Rainy Lake 

Highway 11 and French 

Lake Road 

5 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

5 

4 

3 

4 

3 

6 

2 

0.2 

0.2 

4.0 

0.2 

9.4 

2.1 

1.4 

0.4 

0,3 

0.7 

5.6 

0.3 

0.1 

0.1 

0.1 

0.2 

6.1 


The status of this defoliator remained unchanged. Small open-grown white 

spruce trees were heavily infested at Basswood Lake, at the entrance to Quetico Park 

from Highway 11 , and in Lash Township in Division 22. Light defoliation was observed 

at Turtle, Bad Vermilion, Little Ottertail, and Findlayson lakes. Small numbers 

of larvae were found in beating samples at 17 widely-scattered points elsewhere in 

the district. 


As in 1964, small numbers of white pine and jack pine trees were weevilled in 

plantations and regeneration areas (Table 19). Elsewhere open-grown and roadside 

trees were most commonly attacked. 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Leader Mortality by the White-pine Weevil 

at Four Points in Fort Frances District 

Note: Counts are based on examination of 100 trees at each point. 

Tree species Av. d.b.h. Per cent of leaders killed 

cation in inches 16 16 16 

Morson Twp. jP 1 6 6 2 

Miscampbell Twp, wP 1 4 8 4 

Williamson Lake jP 2 9 0 

Pickerel River at 

Highway 11 jP 1 5 7

G 38 


Populations of the larch sawfly have been present in the Fort Frances District 

for at least two decades. Survey records show that medium infestations of this 

insect occurred in the district in 1946 and heavy infestations prevailed from 1947 

to 1955. Following this period, population levels declined in the district as a 

whole, reaching a low ebb in 1964. 

In 1965 a spectacular increase in infestation intensity was recorded with 

pockets of heavy infestation occurring in Potts, Sifton, and Nelles townships and 

near Rocky Islet Bay, Rainy Lake in Division 22 and at Foresburg, crystal, Niobe, 

and Jackfish lakes in Division 38. Light-to-moderate infestations were observed 

in scattered clumps of larch throughout the remainder of the district. 

Defoliation ranged from approximately 10 per cent in many areas to nearly 90 

per cent at Crystal Lake, east of Atikokan (see photograph). 

One hundred sawfly cocoons from the Crystal Lake infestation were submitted 

to the Forest Insect Laboratory to determine the incidence of insect parasitism in 

this stage. The results of cocoon dissection will be contained in the 1966 report. 


No appreciable change in the frequency of damaged buds has occurred in the 

past five years. Only small numbers of infested buds were found at five quantitative 

sample points and at numerous locations elsewhere in the district in 1965 (Table 

20). 

TABLE 20 

Summary of Counts of Terminal Buds Infested by the Spruce Bud 

Gall Midge in Fort Frances District 1961 to 1965 

Note: Counts are based on examination of 50 branch tips, five from each of ten 


Tree 

Location s ecies 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

No. of buds 

examined 196 

Per cent of buds infested 

l61 1962 1963 1964 1 6 

Menary Twp. wS 4 141 _ - - - 1 

Sifton Twp. bS 1 134 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2 

Factor Lake wS 4 137 2.3 0.0 0.0 1.4 12 

Hwy. 11 at 

east district 

boundary wS 3 147 2.3 2.7 1.3 0.0 1

G 39 

Pine Tortoise Scale, Toumeyella numismaticum P. & McD. 

Populations of this insect were at a low ebb between 1962 and 1964. However, 

in 1965 high populations were found on a jack pine hedgerow in the town of Atikokan 

and on Mugho pines at French Lake (see photograph). Light infestations were 

observed on jack pine trees along shorelines of Greytrout and Eye lakes north of 

Atikokan. 

TABLE 21 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects collected in Fort Frances District 



Acleris variana Fern. wS, bS, bF Found commonly in Division 38 

but scarce in Division 22. 

Anisota virginiensis (Drury) b0 Infestation reported on shore 

of Lake-of-the-Woods in 1962 has 

declined to a low ebb in 1965. 

Aphrophora parallela (Say) jP, scP More common than in previous four 

years. 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) cch, pCh Colonies common on roadside trees 

in northern part of Division 

22. 

Datana ministra Dru. Juneberry At low ebb in 1965 when compared 

with two previous years. 

Hemichroa crocea (Four.) wB, Al White birch on an island in Nym 

Lake heavily infested; scattered 

colonies on alders in Division 

22. 

Hyphantria cunea Dru. Al, W Scattered tents along Highway 

11 east of the Nym Lake road. 

Itoplectis conquisitor Say. rP A parasite of forest tent 

caterpillar; numerous at 

Quetico Lake. 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. tA. Population at low ebb; small 

numbers found at Saganagons Lake. 

Malacosoma pluviale (Dyar) pch Scattered colonies along roadsides 

north of Atikokan. 

Monoctenus fulvus (Nort.) eC Small numbers in the north part 

of Division 22. 

Neodiprion maurus Rohwer jP More common than in past several 

years. 

Neodiprion nigroscutum (Midd.) jP Numerous colonies at widely 

scattered points. 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae (Roh.) jP This common sawfly at very low 

ebb. 

Petrova albicapitana Busck. jP More common and widespread than 

in previous years. 

Pikonema dimmockii (Cress.) wS, bS More common in beating samples.


G 40 


Host 

Remarks 

Profenusa canadensis (Marlatt) 


Haw 

wB 

Roadside trees heavily infested 

in crozier Township. 

Very small number found although 

extensive surveys carried out.

WHITE GRUBS, Phyllophaga spp. 

Severe defoliation of an. ash tree by white grub 

adults 

Damage to the roots of seedlings by white grub 

larvae 

White grub taken from the ground

SUGAR MAPLE BORER 

Glycobius speciosus (Say) 

Feeding gallery of the borer 

Feeding gallery on the opposite side of tree

GREEN-STRIPED MAPLEWORM, 

Anisota rubicunda (F.) 

Larvae 

Defoliation of sugar maple trees 

Adult

LARCH CASEBEARER, Coleophora laricella Hbn. 

Severe damage to foliage in a tamarack 

stand. 

Cases on a branch resembling old needles.

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, 


Severe defoliation of aspen trees 

Aerial view showing extensive severe defoliation

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, Malacosoma disstria Hbn. 

Newly-hatched larvae on an egg band. An inactive colony of larvae on 

trembling aspen. 

Cocoon in rolled leaves. A male moth.

JACK-PINE SAWFLY, 

Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross 

Severely defoliated jack pine trees 

Full grown iarva

CEDAR LEAF MINERS 

Defoliation of cedar tree 

Severe defoliation of white cedar trees

EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR, 


FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, 


Larva 

Larva 

Feeding colonies of eastern tent caterpillar on cherry bushes, 

with severe defoliation of aspen trees in the background

RED-PINE SAWFLY, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl 

Larva 

Severe defoliation of 25' red-pine trees

LARCH SAWFLY, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) 

A tamarack shoot curled as a result of 

adult oviposition. The curl is caused 

A colony of the sawfly on a tamarack 

twig. 

Severe defoliation of a tamarack stand.

WHITE-PINE SHOOT BORER^ Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 

Infested shoot showing frass-filled 

tunnel 

infested shoot showing stunted needles 

on the left; normal shoot on the right 

Deformed crown of jack 

pine tree

PINE TORTOISE SCALE, Toumeyella numismaticum (P,&.M @. ) 

Scales on a jack pine twig and black sooty 

fungus growing on honey dew dropped by them. 

A PINE MITE, Trisetacus pini (Nal.) 

Typical damage symptoms, discoloration, 

distortion of new growth, and an abortive 

needle fascicle.

HEMLOCK LOOPER, 

Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria (Guen.) 

Defoliation of balsam fir 

Larva

JACK-PINE BUDWORM, Choristoneura pinus 

Free. 

Egg clusters. 

Larva among male flowers of jack pine. Severe current defoliation of jack pine.

YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY, Pikonema alaskensis (Roh..) 

Full-grown larvae 

Severely defoliated spruce tree

A PINE TIP MOTH s Rhyacionia adana Heinr. 

On the left, a normal red pine tree; on the right, a tree showing 

infested shoots and earthen pupal cells at the root collar.

POPLAR LEAF-ROLLER, 


Leaf rolls on trembling aspen 

Damage to roadside trees

PINE ROOT COLLAR WEEVIL, Hylobius radicis Buch. 

Larva 

Infested red-pine are commonly 

wind-thrown 

Typical damage of root collar 

Cross section of root collar 

showing repeated attacks

ELM BARK BEETLES 

Brood gallery of smaller European elm bark beetle, 

Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) 

Brood galleries of native elm bark beetle, 

Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichh.)

Deterioration of roadside sugar maple 

Stand of white elm showing damage and tree mortality 

caused by Dutch elm disease Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism) 

C. Moreau

SWEET PERN BLISTER RUST 

Fruiting of sweet fern blister rust on 

living jack pine 

HYPOXYLON CANKER OF POPLAR 

Hypoxylon canker on trembling aspen

FOMES ROOT ROT, 

Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. 

Fruiting body 

Opening in pine plantation caused by root rot

WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST, 

Cronartium ribicola 

J. C. Fischer 

INK SPOT OF ASPEN, 

Ciborinia whetzelii 

(Seav.) Seav. 

Mortality of white pine tree caused by rust 

Root Rot of Conifers, Polyporus tomentosus Fr. 

Leaf mortality caused by Ink Spot 

Fruiting body 

Damage to roadside spruce trees

Frost damage 

Wind damage in hardwood forest Haliburton County

Forest Insect and Disease Survey; Ontario, 1965 - NFIS

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