Forest Insect and Disease Survey; Ontario, 1968 - NFIS

ANNUAL DISTRICT REPORTS 

FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE SURVEY 

ONTARIO - 1968

LISR,NRY 

LAE:ORATORY 

se5apoRcH 

FOREST 

506 WEST BURNSIDE. ROAD 

VICTORIA, B.G. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INFORMATION REPORTS - INSECT AND DISEASE SURVEYS 

Ontario, 1968 

Foreword, J. E. MacDonald 

Forest Region and District 

A. SOUTHEASTERN FOREST REGION 

Lindsay District, M.J. Thomson* 

Tweed District, F. Livesey 

Kemptville District, M.J. Applejohn 

B. SOUTHWESTERN FOREST REGION 

Lake Simcoe District, R.L. Bowser* 

Lake Erie District, G.T. Atkinson 

Lake Huron District, V. Jansons 

C. SOUTH-CENTRAL FOREST REGION 

North Bay District, L.S. MacLeod* 

Parry Sound District, C.A. Barnes 

Pembroke District, R.A. Trieselmann 

D. CENTRAL FOREST REGION 

Sault Ste. Marie District, H.J. Weir* 

Sudbury District, E.L. Houser 

Chapleau District, W. Ingram 

E. NORTHERN FOREST REGION 

Cochrane District, H.R. Foster* 

Kapuskasing District, J. Baker 

Swastika District, J. Lombard 

F. MIDWESTERN FOREST REGION 

Port Arthur District, K.C, Hall* 

Geraldton District, C.N. Davis 

White River District, K.C. Hall, C.N. Davis 

G. WESTERN FOREST REGION 

Sioux Lookout District, P.E. Buchan* 

Kenora District, J.A. Mason 

Fort Frances District, J. Hook 

Information Report No. Page 

A1..23 

04-83 A8 

o-x-84 A21 

0-X-85 A 32 

B 1-51 

o-x-86 B 9 

0-X-87 B24 

0-X-88 B 39 

C 1-44 

c‘a-89 C9 

04-90 C21 

04,-91 C 30 

D 1..39 

04-92 D 7 

04-93 D 17 

04-94 D 27 

E 1-43 

0-X-95 E 12 

0-X-96 E 23 

E 

F 1-31 

00-X-98 F 8 

F 18 

04-100 F 28 

P 1-29 

04,-101 G 9 

04-102 G 15 

04-103 G 22 

Photographs 

Regional Supervisors *

FOREWORD 

The Forest Insect and Disease Survey maintains a continuing interest in 

improving existing sampling methods and in developing new techniques for 

rating forest pests and appraising damage. In 1968, a new approach for 

evaluating incidence and levels of infection of a number of tree diseases 

was explored. This involved determining degrees of damage in random and 

non-random plots in relation to the basal area of infected stands, the 

ultimate objective being to provide information on the impact of the organisms 

on forest stands in Ontario. Studies daring the winter to test the accuracy 

of the new sampling system will be useful for planning field work in 1969. 

Improvement of insect survey methods in 1968 was largely directed toward 

jack-pine budworm sampling with emphasis on egg population studies. To this 

end, the distribution of egg masses on individual branches and at various 

crown levels of sample trees was investigated as a basis for determining the 

nature and size of samples required to assess population levels. The value 

of these new approaches in disease and insect sampling will be proven with 

use in forthcoming field seasons. 

Marked changes in insect and disease conditions were recorded in large 

areas of the Province in 1968. A sharp increase in population levels of the 

spruce budworm and jack-pine budworm occurred in many parts of Ontario. The 

largest areas of infestation of the spruce budworm were located in the 

Burchell Lake area in the Port Arthur District, in parts of the Chapleau, 

Kapuskasing and Swastika districts and in southeastern Ontario. Localized 

infestations were centered in Parkinson Township in the Sault Ste. Marie 

District and in Fairbanks Township west of Sudbury. Egg surveys in most of 

the above areas except Burchell Lake, indicated that infestations will 

increase in extent in 1969. 

The chemical control operation undertaken by the Ontario Department of 

Lands and Forests against the spruce budworm in the Burchell Lake area 

dominated insect surveys in western Ontario during several periods from May 

until September. Technicians were involved in intensive sampling to delineate 

the area to be treated, to time the spray applications and to assess spruce 

budworm numbers before and after the control operation. 

Infestations of the jack-pine budworm- abated somewhat in the Kenora 

and Fort Frances districts but several years of severe defoliation, particularly 

on rocky sites, caused considerable crown damage. In parts of the 

Sault Ste. Marie and Pembroke districts very severe defoliation of both jack 

pine and red pine was reported. Other insects occurring in particularly 

high numbers in 1968 included the saddled prominent, larch casebearer and 

several species of cedar leaf miners* 

Devastation of elm by Dutch elm disease continued in southern Ontario and 

numerous new centers of infection were found throughout a large part of the 

range of elm in central Ontario. A vector of Dutch elm disease, the smaller 

European elm bark beetle extended its range eastward along the north shore 

of Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River. Hypoxylon canker of poplar proved to 

be a serious problem in many parts of Ontario. Evaluations revealed 

particularly high levels of infection in aspen stands in the Sault Ste. Marie 

and Sudbury districts * Scleroderris canker of pine again caused considerable 

•••2

mortality in young red pine and jack pine plantations in parts of central 

and northeastern Ontario. Fomes root rot usually associated with thinning 

operations, caused varying amounts of mortality in red pine plantations in 

southern Ontario. Four new centers of infection of this disease were found 

in Larose forest in the Kemptville District in 1968. Details on the above 

and other noteworthy insect and disease problems are contained in the report 

that follows. 

J. E. MacDonald

SOUTHEASTERN FOREST REGION 

1968 

INTRODUCTION 

STATUS OF TREE DISEASES (REGIONAL) 

Dutch Elm Disease. . . 0 0 eat, a a* 0 •• •Ceratocystis ulmi A 1 

White Pine Blister Rust. . 0 . • 00••• a a Cronartium ribicola A 2 

A Branch and Stem Canker of Spruce a 0 O• •0 .Cytospora kunzei A 3 

Fames Root Rot . 000000000000000 .Fomes annosus A 3 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar 0 a 0•6 a a a a a Hypoxylon mammatum A 4 

.-r 

Hail Damage. a 000000000 a a a a •4. • 6•0•0 a 00 0110 A 5 

Deterioration and Recent Mortality in Red 

Pine Plantations 0 . . 000 ••000 OOOOOOOOOOOOOO A 5 

Table of Other Noteworthy Diseases •000•00 0@•••00 00 a a A 6 

Page

INTRODUCTION 

Southeastern Forest Region 

The most noteworthy insects in 1968 in the Southeastern Region were the 

spruce budworm, European pine sawfly, and the eastern larch beetle© Marked 

increases in population levels and area of infestations of the spruce budworm 

occurred in Kemptville and Tweed districts and a pocket of new infestation 

was discovered in Lindsay District. The range of the European pine sawfly 

was extended in Tweed and Lindsay districts and the insect was observed more 

commonly in red-pine plantations in Lindsay District than in previous years. 

Unusually heavy infestations of the eastern larch beetle were observed in many 

larch stands in the northern half of Lindsay District. 

Surveys were carried out to determine the status of 29 economically 

important tree diseases. A marked increase in the distribution of Fomes root 

rot was recorded and an increase in the incidence of Dutch elm disease occurred 

throughout the region. The cause of deterioration of red pines in three 25 

to 35-year-old plantations in the Lindsay District remains unknown. 

The field season extended from early May until mid October. During this 

period a total of 622 insect and disease samples were submitted to the 

laboratories. A special survey was carried out to determine the specific 

identification and distribution of a birch leaf miner that was recorded for 

the first time in Canada in the southwestern part of the region in 1967. 

Numerous mass collections of important insects, including one containing more 

than 1,000,000 European pine sawfly larvae, were made for detailed pathological 

investigations. Approximately 200 extension and service calls pertaining to 

forest insects and tree diseases were dealt with. 

Appreciation is again expressed for the co-operation given to technicians 

during the field season by Department of Lands and Forests personnel and 

others. 

M. J. Thomson

Dutch Elm Disease d Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau 

This disease continued to ravage elm stands and roadside trees throughout 

the region. Incidence of attack was generally higher in 1968 than in 1967 

particularly south of a line running east and west between Minden in Lindsay 

District and Prescott in Kemptville District. Trees near Lake Ontario Bay 

of Quinte and St. Lawrence River were most severely attacked. Seventy-two 

per cent of the trees examined in the city of Brockville showed disease 

symptoms (Table 1). Most of the elm trees in several small woodlots in the 

southern parts of Lindsay and Tweed districts were killed by the disease. 

TABLE 1 

Summary of the Occurrence of Dutch Elm Disease Symptoms 

in the Southeastern Region in 1968 

Note Counts were based on examination of 50 trees at each location 

Location 

(township or city) 

Per cent of trees with 

characteristic symptoms 

Lindsay District 

Verulam Twp, 28 

Digby Twp. 28 

Haldimand Twp, 76 

Monmouth Twp. 42 

City of Peterborough 50 

Belmont Twp. 50 

City of Cobourg 44 

Tweed District 

Marmora Twp. 50 

City of Trenton 60 

City of Belleville 

Kennebec Twp. 

42 

22 

Oso Twp, 24 

Kemptville District 

City of Brockville 72 

Town of Gananoque 

3o 

Town of Smiths Falls 14 

City of Ottawa 4 

Kitley Twp. 12 

Finch Twp.

A2 

White Pine Blister Rust, Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fischer 

Records show that white pine blister rust is present and is causing 

considerable damage in virtually all white pine stands in the Southeastern 

Region. 

Surveys in the region in 1968 revealed high and moderate infection 

levels in Tweed and Kemptville districts respectively, and in the Lindsay 

District, either moderate or light infection levels were recorded at all 

sample points (Table 2). Chemical control measures to eradicate Ribes sp., 

the alternate host of white pine blister rust, were carried out by 

Department of Lands and Forests personnel in valuable stands of white pine 

regeneration and in plantations at several points in the Region in 1968. 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of the White Pine Blister Rust 

at Thirteen Points in the Southeastern Region, 1968 

Leoppirrimariasunima 

Location 

township 

Tree height 

in feet 

Incidence 

in er cent 

Level of 

infection 


Hope 15 35.0 Moderate 

II 

Hindon 60 26.0 

Somerville 15 0.0 

II 

Laxton 8 8.0 Light 

Harvey 50 20.0 Moderate 

Darlington 45 10.0 Light 


Raglan 30 10.0 High 

II 

Pittsburgh 9-0 ri, 5 

H 

Lyndoch 25 15.0 

II 

Kaladar 50 5.0 


March 45 7.5 Moderate 

Charlottenburg 12 17.5 

Darling 16 12.5

A 3 

Branch and Stem Canker of Spruce, Cytospora kunzei Sacco 

Although found in all three districts of the region in 1968 0 little 

change was observed in the overall distribution of this disease. 

In the Lindsay District, severe 

plantation in the Orono Nursery in 

trace infection was located in the 

Township. Severe damage was again 

spruce windbreaks in the Frontenac 

Tweed District. 

damage continued in a Norway spruce 

Clarke Township and a new pocket of 

Victoria County Forest in Somerville 

observed on several white and Norway 

and Lennox and Addington counties in the 

In the Kemptville District a single, medium infection persisted in 

white spruce windbreaks in the Howard G. Ferguson Nursery in Oxford Township. 

Light infections also occurred in white spruce plantations in Oxford Township 

and in the Larose Forest in Clarence Township (Table 3)o 

TABLE 3 

Summary of Incidence and Infection of a Spruce Canker Disease 

in the Southeastern Region in 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Tree height 

in feet 

Incidence 

in per cent 

Level of 

infection 


Clarke 30 33 Heavy 

Somerville 15 2 Trace 


Oxford 18 15 Light 

Clarence 45 17.5 Light 

Fomes Root Rot, FORMS annosus (Fr.) Cooke 

A marked extension in the known range of this disease was recorded when 

infection centers were discovered in the Larose Forest, Kemptville District 

in the spring of 1968. This record represented an eastward extension of 

approximately 150 miles. S ubsequent investigations during the summer revealed 

a total of fourteen infection centers in a 300-acre, 30-year-old plantation 

of red, white, and Scots pine which had been selectively thinned between 1958 

and 1962. 

In the Lindsay District where the disease has been present for several 

years two new infection centers were discovered. Severe damage occurred in a 

small mixed red and white pine plantation along Highway 30 in Brighton Township. 

The other infection center causing trace damage was located in the Northumberland

A4 

County Forest in a mixed red, jack and Scots pine plantation. Light mortality 

occurred in pockets of infection previously reported in the Northumberland 

County Forest and in a private plantation in Cartwright Township in Durham 

County. It is interesting to note that the new infection center discovered in 

1968 in the Northumberland County Forest occurred on the edge of an area of 15 

acres that was clear cut in 1966 as an experimental control for the disease. 

Fruiting bodies of the disease and typical damage are shown in the accompanying 

photograph. Quantitative data for the Lindsay District is summarized below 

(Table 4). 

Spread of the disease is effected by airborne spores. Infection centers 

are established when spores come in contact with infection courts such as 

fresh mechanical wounds, windthrow and freshly cut stumps. The fungus then 

spreads from the infection center through root systems and infects nearby 

healthy trees. 

The probability of a plantation becoming infected can be greatly reduced 

by saturating infection courts with a 10 per cent solution (1 lb per gallon) 

of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in water. 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of Fames Root Rot 

in the Lindsay District in 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Tree height 

in feet 

Incidence 

in per cent 

Infection 

level 

Haldimand 50 62.5 Heavy 

Cartwright 30 10.0 Medium 

Haldimand 45 ---- Light 

Brighton 30 68 Heavy 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar, Hypoxylon mammatum (Wahl.) Miller 

Surveys carried out in aspen stands at numerous locations throughout the 

region in 1968 revealed that this pathogen continues to cause considerable 

deterioration and tree mortality in stands of many age and site classes 

(Table 5).

A5 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar 

at Eleven Points in the Southeastern Region, 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Tree height Site 

in feet class 

Incidence 

in er cent 

Infection 

level 


Cardiff 30 17.5 Light 

Haldimand 55 27.5 Moderate 

Glamorgan 30 5.0 Light 

Digby 40 7.5 

BV 

Hindon 50 50 

9 


Elzevir 40 60.0 Heavy 

Radcliffe 40 65.0 Moderate 

Madoc 2 5 50.0 


Clarence 20 7500 Heavy 

Darling 50 30.0 Moderate 

Hawkesbury 25 26.3 

Hail Damage 

Hail storms caused twig damage and partial defoliation of hardwood 

stands in the northeastern part of Haliburton County in Lindsay District. 

Ground surveys in Cardiff and Monmouth townships revealed damage to all 

species of hardwoods in the area, trembling aspen being the most seriously 

affected species. Aerial observation also revealed damage in Bruton and 

Harburn townships north of Cardiff and Monmouth townships. 

Deterioration and Recent Mortality in Red Pine Plantations 

The cause of deterioration and recent mortality of red pine in 25 to 35— 

year-old selectively thinned plantations in Hamilton, Clarke and 

Somerville townships in 1968 was not determined. 

The most severe damage occurred in a small roadside plantation south of 

Bewdely in Hamilton Township where approximately 30 per cent of the trees 

deteriorated through the summer to the extent that both current and old foliage 

was conspicuously discoloured by early fall. Approximately 10 per cent tree 

mortality occurred in this plantation. Similar symptoms of deterioration and 

a small amount of mortality was recorded in a mixed red and white pine planta-

A6 

tion in Clarke T ownship. Only a small number of affected and recently dead, 

trees occurred in Somerville Township. 

Extensive sampling of tree trunks and root systems of dead trees failed 

to reveal a causal agent 2 however 2 a secondary root, rotting fungus 

Fusarium solani (Martius) Appel and Wr. emend Snyd. and Hans. was cultured in 

root samples from two of the three affected areas. Soil sampling revealed a 

heavy clay-loam soil type in Hamilton and Clarke townships and a light sandy 

soil type in Somerville Township. 

Surveys and sampling will be resumed in 1969 to try to determine the 

cause of the damage. 

TABLE 6 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the , Southeastern Region in 1968 

Organism Host Remarks 

Aureobasidium pullulans 

(d By.) Arn. 

Ciborinia whetzelii (Seaver 

Seaver 

Cenangium abietis (Pers.) 

Rehm 

rP,Aus P 

tA 

Pines 

Light damage and mortality to 

nursery stock in Orono Nursery. 

Ornamental Austrian pine in 

Darlington Provincial Park were 

lightly infected. Extensive 

damage to red pine trees on high 

sites in one plantation in 

Victoria County Forest 

Foliage disease found throughout 

the region at trace level 

of infection. Occasional trees 

found moderately infected. 

Disease most common on open and 

fringe regeneration 

Present in samples from a red 

pine plantation in Stanhope Twp. 

Lindsay District. Dieback and 

mortality occurred in this 

plantation. Also found in 

Austrian pine plantation in 

Minden Twp., Lindsay District 

Coleosporium aster= (Diet.) rP 

Syd. 

Cronartium comptoniae Arth. jP 

Trace infections found at 

numerous locations 

Five per cent of trees in a 

natural stand in Torbolton 

T ownship2 Kemptville District 

are infected

A 7 

TABLE 6 (concluded) 

Organism Host(s) Remarks 

Melampsora abietis-canadensis eH 

Ludw. ex Arth. 

Trace level of this rust occurred 

on new-growth twigs in Bathurst 

Township. Infected twigs became 

deformed before dying 

Peridermium sp. ScP Six trace level infections 

occurred in plantations in the 

Tweed and Kemptville districts 

Pollaccia radiosa (Lib,) tA Common throughout the region at 

Bald. & Cif, 

trace and light levels of 

infection 

Pucciniastrum vaccinii (Wint.) eN Found at the trace level through- 

Jorstad 

out Kemptville District on 

hemlock needles

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE LINDSAY DISTRICT 

Page 

Cedar Leaf Miners ° . 0 . . 0 . Argyresthia spp. and 

A 8 

Pulicalvaria thujaella 

Spruce Budworm 0 . 0. 0 0 0 0 . . Choristoneura fumiferana A 8 

Larch Casebearer . 0 0 . •0 . Coleophora laricella A 8 

The Eastern Larch Beetle • 0 0 0 Dendroctenus simplex A 9 

European Spruce Sawfly 0 0 0 . 0 Diprion hercyniae A 9 

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer . 0 0 0 .Eucosma gloriola A 10 

Birch Leaf Miner 0 0 . 0 . . 0 . Fenusa pusilla A 11 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar 0 . 0 0 0 Malacosoma americanum A 11 

A Leaf Miner on White Birch. . . .Messa nana A 11 

Balsam-fir Sawfly. 0 0 0 . 0 0 . .Neodiprion abietis complex A 12 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly 0 • • 0 0 . Neodiprion lecontei A 12 

Jack-pine Sawflies 6 . 0 0 0 0 0 .Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus and A 13 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae 

European Pine Sawfly 0 0 0 0 0 . Pissodes strobi A 14 

Larch Sawfly 0 0 . 0 . 0 . . . 0 Pristiphora erichsonii A 15 

European Pine Shoot Moth 0 00 0 Rhyacionia buoliana A 15 

Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle Scolytus multistriatus A 15 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects 0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 A 16 

M. J. Thomson

A8 

Cedar Leaf Miners, Argyresthia spp. and Pulicalvaria thujaella Kft. 

Population levels of cedar leaf miners decreased markedly in the southern 

part of the District where heavy infestations had persisted for several years. 

Larval mining of the current foliage of eastern white cedar for at least six 

consecutive years previous to 1968 caused severe thinning of tree crowns and 

considerable branch and light tree mortality. Tree and branch mortality was 

more common in stands on shallow sites and in open-grown clumps of cedar. 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) 

Although a decrease in population levels of the spruce budworm occurred 

in Clarke Township, where a light infestation was reported in 1967, appreciable 

increases in the extent and intensity of infestations were recorded elsewhere 

in the District. 

A new medium infestation caused approximately 28 per cent defoliation of 

spruce in two 25 to 35-year-old plantations south of Scugog Lake in Cartwright 

Township. Only small numbers of budworms were found in this area in 1967. 

Larvae were present in beating tray samples at eight widely-separated points 

compared with two points in 1967. 

An egg count in the infestation in Cartwright Township revealed that 

moderate defoliation is likely to recur in 1969. 

Larch Casebearer, Coleophora laricella Hbn. 

Significant increases in numbers of the larch casebearer occurred for 

the second consecutive year in the District (Table 7). 

Unusually high larval populations were recorded in a pocket of tamarack 

near Rice Lake in South Managhan Township, and near Orono in Clarke Township 

where a heavy infestation was reported in a European larch stand in 1967 

(see map). Severe damage caused conspicuous discolouration of the foliage 

in these stands by late May. Quantitative sampling at five points elsewhere 

in the District revealed increases in numbers of casebearers at all but one 

location.

A 9 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in the Lindsay District 1966 to 1968 

Note: Counts were based on examination of four 18-inch branch tips from each 

of four trees at each point. 

Location 

(township) 

Tree 

species 

• d.b.h. of =pit; 

trees in inches 

Av. no. of larvae per 

b n t 

1 1 

-inch 

Asphodel 

tL 

2 

1.0 

14.5 

17.0 

Haldimand 

eL 

8 

0.0 

0.5 

1.0 

South Monaghan tL 6 

asiewrael vOmPesarres 

53.0 

Cardiff tL 4 0.2 4.0 6.7 

Harvey tL 3 2.2 4.5 8.0 

Snowdon tL 3 0.5 1.1 3.0 

Anson tL 3 0.3 1.0 0.6 

The Eastern Larch Beetle, Dendroctonus simplex Lec. 

High populations of this bark beetle caused considerable mortality in 

larch stands throughout Haliburton County and in the northern parts of 

Peterborough and Victoria counties in 1968 (see photograph). Generally, 

mortality was confined to the fringes of larch swamps, but in a few instances 

occurred in stands growing on high dry sites adjacent to swamps. This bark 

beetle is not particularly aggressive and usually only attacks trees weakened 

by other causes. It is probable that drought conditions in 1966 and prolonged 

flooding in 1967 weakened larch stands to the extent that conditions were 

favourable for attack by this beetle. 

European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) 

levels of this sawfly have remained at a low ebb in the Lindsay 

District for at least six years. T his condition continued in 1968 when numbers 

of larvae in quantitative samples averaged less than one per tray at all but one 

sample point (Table 8).

LINDSAY DISTRICT 

- - - - - 

20 10 0 

20 4 0 

LARCH CASEBEARER 

Locations of infestations in 1968 

Legend 

Light infestation 

Medium infestation 

Heavy infestation

A.10 

TABLE 8 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts in the Lindsay District 

1966 to 1968 

Note: Counts were based on the average number of larvae per tray on 15 tray 

samples at each point. 

Location township. 

Tree Av. 

s •ecies 

d.b.h. of sample Av. no. of larvae per tray sample 

trees in inches 1 66 1967 1 68 

Stanhope wS 6 0.3 2.3 0,;2 

41101.110M, 

Glamorgan wS 

5 

1.0 

0.8 

Cardiff wS 

8 

0.6 

2.7 

4.1 

Somerville nS 6 1.2 1.3 0.7 

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer, Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 

Population levels and the distribution of this shoot borer increased in 

1968. Quantitative sampling at five points revealed marked increases in 

numbers of attacks on terminal shoots in white pine and red pine plantations 

in Clarke and Somerville townships (Table 9). Although only small numbers 

occurred elsewhere, the insect was widely distributed in all counties in the 

district. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Eastern Pine Shoot Borer Attacks in the Lindsay District 

in 1967 and 1968 

Notes Counts were based on examination of 100 trees at each point. 

Location 

township 

Tree 

s cies 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees in 

inches 

No. of shoots attacked 

lateral shoots terminal shoots 

1967 1968 1967 1 68 

Clarke wP 2 95 78 20 38 

Somerville WP 1 4 1 6 

CE.2r3 CErlOtgl 

Verulam 

rP 

2 

10 

15 

aaese 

Hope 

rP 

1 

2 

1 

Lutterworth rP 20 3

A 11 

Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) 

Little change occurred in population levels of this insect in 1968. 

Heavy infestations recurred on ornamental birch trees in the Minden area 

and on a shelterbelt near Trenton. A medium infestation caused moderate 

damage to the foliage of understory white birch regeneration in. Glamorgan 

Township. Pockets of light infestation were observed at three widely= 

separated points elsewhere in the district. 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (F.) 

Larval colonies were observed more commonly in the district than in 

1967. However, no appreciable change in population levels occurred except 

in Haldimand Township where a marked increase in numbers was observed on 

roadside host trees (Table 10). 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts 

in the Lindsay District 1966 to 1968 

Location 

to 

wnship 

Tree 

s ec es 

Number of Observed 

66 6 1968 

Harvey cal 36 4 5 

Percy cCh 0 4 2 

Glamorgan cCh 1 3 2 

Lutterworth pCh 0 10 6 

Haldimand cCh 27 

A Leaf Miner on White Birch 

na Klug 

This leaf mining sawfly was first recorded in Canada in 1967 when larvae 

were found in white birch foliage in Hamilton and Haldimand townships, Lindsay 

District. Its identity remained unknown until adults were captured in mid 

May in 1968. 

Surreys carried out in Lindsay and adjoining districts in 1968 revealed a 

marked increase in population levels in Hamilton and Haldimand townships and 

small numbers were observed at widely-separated points in Northumberland, 

Durham and. Peterborough counties (see map). Only trace populations were found 

in the southern parts of the Lake Simcoe and Tweed districts. 

The sawfly, of European origin, feeds on many birch species including 

those native to Ontario. Life history studies carried out through the , 

summer of 1968 showed that damage caused by larval feeding 

early June until about mid-July.

A 12 

Balsam-fir Sawfly, Neodiprion abietis complex 

Although larval colonies of this sawfly were observed more commonly than 

in 1967 in the northern parts of Peterborough and Victoria counties and in. 

Haliburton County, defoliation was negligible except at one point. The top 

third of the crown of balsam fir trees was moderately defoliated in a mixed 

stand north of Balsam Lake in Bexley Township. 

Larval colonies of the late summer population were observed on fringe 

and open-grown balsam fir trees near Tory Hill in the eastern part of 

Haliburton County, 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) 

Small pockets of new infestation of this insect were found in the southern 

part of the district in 1968 (see map). However, a marked decrease in popula 

tion levels occurred generally in the areas where infestations had persisted 

for several years in the northern part of the district° 

Surveys revealed small scattered pockets of heavy infestation in the 

northern part of Peterborough County, a medium infestation in Victoria County 

and light infestations in Haliburton County. Moderate and heavy infestations 

were common in the above counties in 1967. The decrease in population levels 

of the sawfly can be attributed mainly to excellent results obtained by 

chemical control operations in 1967 and 1968. For example, no larval colonies 

could be found at quantitative sample points in Stanhope and Somerville 

townships where trees were heavily infested before control measures were 

carried out in 1967 (Table 11). The effectiveness of the control was 

illustrated by conditions in an adjacent untreated private plantation where 

the numbers of infested trees increased by about 40 per cent compared with 

1967. Biological control in the form of egg parasitism and a nuclear polyhedrosis 

virus disease also contributed to the decrease in populations. 

Light mortality of red pine averaging 12 feet in height occurred in a 

roadside planting near I rondale and in a small plantation south of Gooderham 

where infestations had persisted for several years.

A 13 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts made on Red Pine Trees 

at Five Points in the Lindsay Districts 1967 and 1968 

Note: Counts are based on examination of 100 red pine trees at each point. 

Location 

(township) 

Ay. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

No. of trees 

infested 

1967 1968 

Av. no. of colonies 

per infested tree 

19 7 19 

Stanhope 1 75 0 1.7 0.0 

Lutterworth 2 32 18 1.1 1.0 

Hope 1 2 

CODWDECI 

1.0 

Haldimand 1 27 

.0.7.070 

1.2 

Somerville 1 15 1 1.8 1.0 

1 0 42 0 1.3* 

* No chemical control program 

Jack-pine Sawflies, Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross. 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. 

A marked increase in population levels of N. pratti paradoxicus occurred 

in Northumberland and Peterborough counties in 1968. Moderate to severe 

defoliation of jack-pine trees occurred in a 10-acre plantation and a nearby 

roadside planting two miles north of Trenton in Northumberland County. Pockets 

of heavy infestation were observed in a small jack pine stand on the north 

side of Chandos Lake and in a mixed red pine and jack pine plantation in 

Galway T ownships, Peterborough County. 

Populations of N. pratti banksianae declined for the fifth consecutive 

year to reach an extremely low ebb. Although jack pine plantations and stands 

were examined at many points in the districts only seven larval colonies were 

found. T hese were confined to fringe trees in a plantation in Dalton Township, 

Victoria County. 

European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) 

An extension of the range of this sawfly occurred for the eighth 

consecutive year in Lindsay District. Larval colonies were found on a 

roadside planting near Dunsford northeast of Lindsay , approximately ten 

miles northeast of the boundary established in 1967 (see map )0 

Marked changes in population levels of the sawfly occurred at numerous 

points s including four quantitative sample points (Table 12). For examples 

the numbers of larval colonies decreased at a sample point in a Scots pine 

plantation in Cartwright T ownship but increased neavy infestation levels 

in a Scots pine plantation in Hope Township. Large numbers of larvae migrated 

in search of food in the latter area after denuding many trees of all old 

foliage.


117 tr 

MILES 

RED--HEADED PINE SAWFLY 

Locations of infestations in 1968 

Legend 

Light infestation (1) 


Heavy infestation •

A 14 

The sawfly was observed more commonly in red pine plantations than in 

previous years. Mew infestations were found north of Haydon and south of 

Glamorgan in Durham County and north of Centreton in Northumberland County. 

Moderate to severe defoliation of the 1967 foliage occurred in these areas. 

A variety of chemical insecticides and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus disease 

no doubt played an important role in controlling populations in many plantations 

in 1968. Good control was obtained in many plantations where insecticides 

were applied shortly after egg hatch occurred. Many virus-killed larval 

colonies were observed in two Scots pine Christmas tree plantations in Clarke 

Township and in an untended 25-acre Scots pine plantation in Cartwright 

Township* A quantitative sample in the latter plantation revealed that 59 

colonies of a total of 100 counted had been killed by disease while larvae 

were in the early and mid-instars. Small numbers of virus-killed larvae 

were also found in a new infestation in Hope Township* 

TABLE 12 

Summary of European Pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts 

in the Lindsay District, 1966 to 1968 

Notes 

Counts were based on the examination of 100 trees at each point. 

Location 

(township) 

Tree 

species 

Av. , d.b.h. of sample 

tree in inches 

Av. no. 

1966 

of colonies 

1967 

per tree 


Haldimand 

Hope 

Clarke 

Cartwright 

rP 

ScP 

ScP 

ScP 

1 

2 

2 

2 

21.0 

5.5 

3.6 

1.1 

7.5 

12.5 

0.8 

2.4 

0.1 

1.0 

White--pineWeevil, 

Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

in a Scots pine plantation in Glamorgan Township and in. a mixed white pine 

and red pine plantation in Somerville Township* In the latter township a 

marked increase in intensity was recorded* A quantitative sample revealed 

that the numbers of damaged leaders were more than double that of 196 

(Table 13). No appreciable change in numbers occurred at sample points 

elsewhere in the district* !

A. 15 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil in the Lindsay District 


Note: Counts were based on examination of 100 trees at each location. 

Location Tree Av. d.b.h. of sample Per cent of trees infested 

township species trees in inches 1 66 1•6 68 

Somerville wP 3 24 54 

Glamorgan ScP 1 24 27 

Haldimand wP 1 15 19 

Galway wP 2 9 14 17 

Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) 

A downward trend in population levels of the larch sawfly has occurred 

each year since 1962 reaching a low ebb in the district in 1968. Small 

numbers of larval colonies were observed at ten widely-separated points. In 

each instance the insect was confined to the fringes of tamarack stands or 

to open-grown trees. 

European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) 

Population levels of this insect increased in the southern part of 

the district in 1968. A Scots pine windbreak with trees averaging ten feet 

in height was severely infested in Darlington T ownship east of the city of 

Oshawa. Moderate damage was observed in a Scots pine plantation in the 

southern part of Hamilton T ownship. Light to medium infestations occurred 

on many small highway plantings and windbreaks along the MacDonald-Cartier 

Freeway between the cities of Trenton and Oshawa. Small numbers occurred 

on the fringes of plantations at widely-separated points elsewhere in the 

area. 

Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh.) 

A slight increase in the range of the smaller European Elm bark beetle 

was recorded in 1968. Surveys carried out in September revealed small 

numbers of the insect in elm trees recently destroyed by Dutch elm disease 

near the south end of Pigeon Lake in Peterborough County. This represented 

a spread northward of approximately eight miles from the northern boundary 

established in 1965.


MILES 

la la TO -4a 

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY 

Known distribution in 1967 and 1968 

Legend 

Distribution before 1968 

Extension in distribution 

I/ NI

A 16 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Lindsay District in 1968 

Insect Ho (s) Remarks 

Acleris variana Fern. 

Altica corni Woods 

Anacampsis innocuella Zell. 

Small numbers at four widely 

scattered points 

Do High populations on roadside 

trees at one point in Cramahe 

Township 

tA Small numbers on regeneration 

trembling aspens in Methuen 

Township 

Anoplonyx luteipes Cress. 

Archippus packardianus Fern. 

Archippus strianus Fern. 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch 

Archips fervidana Clem. 

tL 

wS 

wS 

cCh 

r0 

Low population on fringe tamarack 

trees near Fenelon Falls 

Small numbers in a white spruce 

plantation in Cartwright Township 

Low population on open-grown 

white spruce trees in Cardiff 

Township 

Small numbers of colonies widely 

distributed throughout the 

district 

Scattered colonies observed on 

open-grown red oak trees in 

Dalton Township 

Badebecia urticana Hbn. 

Datana integerrima G. & R. 

Datana ministra Dru, 

tA Trace population in Methuen 

Township 

bWaBu Severe defoliation observed on 

black walnut trees at one point 

in Haldimand Township 

wB, Ba Numerous colonies observed on 

open-grown white birch trees in 

Eldon Township. Small numbers of 

colonies at widely scattered 

points elsewhere in the district

A 17 

TABLE 14 (continued) 

nsect 

Host 

e ark 

Dichomeris ligulella Hbn. 

Dioryctria abietivorella Grt. 

Dioryctria reniculella Grt. 

Diprion frutetorum (F.) 

Diprion similis (Hgt.) 

Ectropis crepuscularia Schiff. 

Elaphidionoides parallelus 

Newm. 

Exoteleia dodecella Linn. 

Exoteleia pinifoliella Cham. 

Galerucella cavicollis Lec. 

Heterocampa biundata Wlk. 

Heterocampa guttivitta Wlk. 

r0 

rP 

wS 

ScP 

ScP 

sM 

r0 

ScP 

jP 

rCh 

sM 

This rare insect observed in 

small numbers in the southeastern 

part of the district 

Trace population observed in a 

red pine plantation in Lutterworth 

Township 

Small numbers widely distributed 

throughout the district 

Quantitative sampling at five 

widely scattered points revealed 

law populations at each 

Trace populations confined to 

the southern half of the district 

Trace population observed in the 

northeastern part of Haliburton 

County 

Low populations widely distributed 


Small numbers on roadside plantings 

and in plantations in the 

southern half of the district 

Small numbers of mined needles 

Observed at widely scattered points 

points 

Heavy infestation on scattered 

roadside trees in Emily Township 

Small numbers collected from 

fringe and understory trees in 

Quilford Township 

Small numbers in the northeastern 

part of Haliburton County. (High 

populations capable of causing 

severe defoliation of sugar 

maples)

A 18 


Hydria prunivorata Ferg. 

bCh 

Common on understory and fringe 

trees in Durham and Northumberland 

counties 

Hylurgopinus rufipes Eich, wE 

eretis amicaria H.-S. sM 

High populations in areas where 

dead and dying elms occur 


Trace population in the northeastern 


Hyphantria cunea Dru. 

Lambdina fiscellaria 

fiscellaria Gn. 

W5wE5 

bWa 

bF 

More common than in the previous 

year 

Trace population. in Minden 

Township 

Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. wA s 

Small pocket of heavy infestation 

at one point in Haldimand 

Township 

Lithocolletis hamadryadella 

Clem. 

w0 Heavy infestation in Seymour 

Township and low populations 

elsewhere in the southern half 

of the district 

populifoliella 'Town, 

Monoctenus fulvus Nort. 

tL 

Small numbers on open-grown 

regeneration trembling aspen 

trees in Methuen Township 

populations at widely 

scattered points throughout the 

district 

Nematus latifasciatus Cress. 

Nematus limbatus Cress. 

wig Trace population in Bruton Township 

W Scattered colonies on lakeshore 

and. open-grown willow clumps in 

Belmont Township 

Nephopteryx virgatella Clem. 

Nepytia canosaria Wlk. 

bLo 

bF 

Severe defoliation observed on 

small roadside trees in Ops 

Township south of Lindsay 

Small numbers collected at a 

permanent sample point in 

Somerville Township

A 19 


Insect 

Host 

Remarks 

Nymphalis antiopa L. 

Orthosia hibisci Gn. 

Paleacrita vernata Peck 

Phratora purpurea purpurea 

Brown 

Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

wE,,rE 

rE 

bPo 

wS 

Small numbers of colonies 

observed at widely scattered 

points in the southern half of 

the district 

Trace population in Verulam 

Township 

A pocket of infestation caused 

approximately 20 per cent 

defoliation of roadside trees 

at one point in Durham County 

Although rare on balsam poplar 

trees approximately 10 per cent 

defoliation of this host occurred 

at one point in Galway Township 

Approximately 30 per cent 

defoliation observed on fringe 

trees at one point. Small 

numbers elsewhere in the district 

Pikonema dimockii (Cress.) wS Trade population at widely 

the scattered district points throughout 

Pineus strobi Htg. 

Pissodes approximatus Hopk. 

Plagiodera versicolora Laich. 

rP 

High. population observed. on a 

small number of trees in a 

mixed white and red pine 

plantation 

Trace population in Crainahe 

Township 

Light defoliation observed on. 

lakeshore willow trees in 

Eldon Township 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) 

eke Light defoliation observed. on 

the lower crowns of near nature 

trees in Clarke Townships 

scattered colonies on roadside 

plantings elsewhere in. the 

district

A 20 


Insect Host Remarks 

Profenusa lucifex Ross 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow.) 

r0 heavy infestations caused conspicuous 

discoloration of the foliage 

on host trees in a mixed hardwood 

stand in Hamilton Township 

wB Small numbers observed on 

regeneratiOn white birch trees 

in the northeastern part of 

Haliburton County 

Pulicalvaria piceaella Kft. 

Rhynchaenus rufipes Lec. 

wS 

Trace population observed in 

Verulam Township 

High populations on lakeshore 

trees at one point in Eldon 

Township 

Schizura concinna J. E. Smith bWa 

Trace population in Haldimand 

Township 

Semiothisa bicolorata Fabr. 

Tetralopha expandens 

nephelotella Hlst. 

Toumeyella numismaticum 

P. & M. 

jP 

JP 

Small numbers observed in a jack 

pine plantation in Haldimand 

Township 

Low populatiOns of this leaf 

roller observed on open-grown host 

trees in Bexley Township 

One tree lightly infested in 

Methuen Township 

Zeiraphera canadensis 

Mut. and Free. 

wS Small numbers collected in a white 

spruce plantatiOn near Bobcaygeon 

Zeiraphera fortunana Kft. 

wS 

Light damage caused by this 

insect observed on fringe trees 

in Verulam Township

STATUS OF INSECTS IN TWEED DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm ooe*ooooooo 

Jack-pine Budworm . • •o««oooo 

Larch Casebearer ©•*0«*0*oo 

Nursery Pine Sawfly, * * « * * o o o 

European Spruce Sawfly 000*000 

• °Choristoneura fumiferana A 21 

• • Choristoneura pinus pinus A 22 

o Coleophora laricella A 22 

• Diprion frutetorum A 22 

© Diprion hercyniae A 23 

Basswood Looper« 

•-••ooo***o 

o Erannis tiliaria A 23 

Birch Leaf Miner ••••o«o«oo 

Balsam Fir Sawfly * 000**0000 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly * * * * 0 * • 

Red Pine Sawfly* O»«**«««*o 

A Jack Pine Sawfly o******** 

European Pine Sawfly *0*o0ooo 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly* * * * * 

White Pine Weevil* 000*000** 

Pine Tortoise Scale* 0*0*0*00 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects * 0 

a o Fenusa pusilla A 24 

• Neodiprion abietis complex A 24 

« Neodiprion lecontei A 24 

• Neodiprion nanulus nanulus A 25 

• Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus A 25 

• • Neodiprion sertifer A2.5 

o Pikonema alaskensis A 25 

• Pissodes strobi A 26 

• Toumeyella numismaticum A 26 

0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 & *^0 

F. Livesey

A 21 


The spruce budworm was found in increased numbers on white spruce and 

balsam fir throughout the district. Pockets of heavy infestation occurred 

on both tree species in eastern Renfrew County, especially along the 

Bonnechere River watershed (see map). White -Truce trees were more heavily 

infested than balsam fir at most locations (Table 7). Host trees in small 

woodlots in agricultural areas throughout McNab, Horton, Admaston, Grattan 

and Brougham townships suffered moderate to severe defoliation. An extremely 

heavy infestation occurred on both spruce and balsam along a limestone ridge 

at the south edge of McNab and Bagot townships. 

A Norway spruce plantation in Sand Banks Provincial Park was lightly 

infested. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Defoliation Estimates, Egg Mass Counts 

and Infestation Forecasts for 1969 in the Tweed District 

Location 

Host 

Per cent 

defoliation 

in 1968 

No, of egg 

masses per Infestation 

100 sq. ft. rating in 

of foliage 1968 

Infestation 

forecast 

for 1969 

Admaston Twp. 

L10, Con, X bF 7,4 0 L Nil to L 

L25, Con. II bF 44.7 263 M M 

L8, Con, VIII bF 28.9 0 M Nil to L 

L10, Con, X wS 5,8 7 L L 

125, Con, II wS 61.0 553 H H 

L8, Con, VIII wS 33.1 389 M M 

Brougham Twp. 

bF 0 L L 

McNab Twp. 

Ll, Con. VIII bF 10.3 13 L L 

Li, Con. VIII wS 90.9 400 H 

Hallowell Twp. 

Sand Banks Park #1 nS 6. 1 17 L L 

Sand Banks Park #2 nS 7.3 166 L LM 

Note L, Light; M, Medium; H, Heavy

A 22 

Jack-pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. 

Light infestations were observed in a mixed pine plantation west of 

Eganville and on natural jack pine trees east of Eganville in the 

Bonnechere River valley, Adults: presumably from a small ornamental 

plantation at White Lake: were caught in a light trap in Olden Township, 

Although jack pine is a relatively unimportant tree species in the 

district this insect is of interest because of the heavy infestations in 

bordering areas in the Pembroke District, 

Larch Casebearer , Coleophora laricella Hbn. 

Larch casebearer populations were at a slightly higher level than in 

recent years at four of five permanent sampling locations. The greatest 

increases in numbers occurred in Kaladar and Tudor townships (Table 8). 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in the Tweed District from 1966 to 1968 

Notes Counts were made on sixteen 18-inch branch tips , four from the 

mid-crown of each of four trees. 

Av, d.b.h. of 

sample 

ees in inches 

Av, no, of larvae per 18-inch branch ti. 

Carlow 2 0.7 0.6 1.7 

Cashel 3 3.7 5.1 0.8 

Kaladar 5 1.0 2.3 13.3 

Olden 3 1.1 1.1 3.9 

Tudor 3 1.0 1.1 7.6 

Nursery Pine Sawfly, Diprion frutetorum (F.) 

Population levels remained low on Scots pine trees throughout the 

district except on one small windbreak along Highway 401 between Trenton 

and Belleville where the count increased from two larvae in 1967 to 76 in. 

1968 (Table 9).

I 

TWEED DISTRICT 

McCLLII71 WICKLOW BANGOR I RADCLIFFE 

= 

HERSCHEL MONTEAGLE CAR LOW , RAGLAN 

4-- - 4 

Bancroft > 1 I 

FARADAY rIGANNONI MAYO , I 

, A SHBY DENBIGH 

1 ,-- 

-4- 

, r ,-, 

WOLLASrON , 

Im ER ICK CASHEL Z I 

I Ef Fl NGH AM ABINGER 1 MILLER 

z I - , _ -rt 

I 

_ _ 

;! I 

LAKE 

) 

, CLARENDON 

711D°R ;7RIMS/WORPYI X ,1 BARR 

PALMERSTO 

IAN6LLSEA 

I' 

_,._ T._ 

, 

J 

ELSE V I R I KALADAR ∎ KENNEBEC ! OLDEN OSO 

MAg 

hfa lA-• hiAD OC 

/ 0 DE:Iraro 7m.duc II' 

1 

, Marmara 

J /' 7C7 3;:- - -I- - - '''!-- - - \,I—------.*- 

1 

I . , 0 , 

' --i-- -k 

"!!'!"- Twee: \ .... CO ' 44CA, / ''''' ) , 

RAWili 

)-- !!!' 

SHE FFIELD 

for! 

INT/ NOON HUNGER FORD \ 

1 

,, ,.9„007b,.9,..„0,0 

-7 st,,„ , ,-A- . 

EN IAICI#1.! . , . 1 z 

SIDNEY ` IVENDI NAGA 

F (N,7,GR:w 

f 

B 

/CAMDEN `, - 1,44,,,,,,,, 

yoaol,„ 

1. _..--- / 

------ k.... ( ..,17-,' i,t.;° 

'''''50-gh 1, --4'7,---7=-": sf a\ 

,-,- i. 

00VOM' A'/,y— Sr04,---- ,§‘G 

,--. 

it c'-'7c.;51.— 

0 

—5'-'51'-' 

5WL." 

/-,,,ISO° 

SPRUCE BUDWORM 

Areas and locations where infestations occurred 


Legend 



Heavy infestation 

(I) or 

3 or 

S or 

r 

•

A 23 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Nursery Pine Sawfly Larval Counts on Scots Pine 

in the Tweed District from 1965 to 1968 

Location 

township 

Av. d.b.h. 

sample 


MIC210.Flatt+Dr712.1 

Total no. of larvae 

per 15-tray sample 

16 66 1•6; 1'68 

Elzevir 8 8 4 12 20 

Hallowell 3 16 

Hungerford 3 4 12 11 8 

Sheffield 5 7 4 5 

Sidney 2 16 12 2 76 

Tyendinaga 8 35 53 8 16 


This insect was present in small numbers on white spruce trees throughout 

the district. Counts shown in Table 10 are representative of population 

levels in the district as a whole. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts in Tweed District 

from 1966 to 1968 

Location 

townshi 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample 


,-.2`.!--OEBESEE 

Total no. of larvae per 15-tray sample 

176 1 6 

Faraday lo 3. 3S 

Hungerford lo 3 33 60 

McNab 8 6 27 38 

Oso 7 5 23 14 

Wicklow 5 1 33 18 

Basswood Looper, Erannis tiliaria (Harr.) 

A light infestation comprising approximately 50 square miles was observed 

in Frontenac County west of Opinicon Lake. T he infestation, on a wide variety 

of deciduous hosts, occurred in parts of Bedford, Loughborough, and 

Storrington townships. The insect was present in small numbers throughout the 

rest of the District.

A 24 


Population levels of this miner increased throughout the district. Leaf 

mining was most conspicuous at Baptiste Lake in Herschel Township where 88 per 

cent of the foliage examined was mined. Small open-grown white birch trees 

were heavily infested at scattered points in McClure, W icklow and Carlow 

townships in Hastings County, and in Raglan, Brudenell and Grattan townships 

in Renfrew County, 

Varying degrees of infestation on ornamental trees occurred in urban 

communities throughout the district. 

Balsam Fir Sawfly, Neodiprion abietis complex 

Populations were generally lower than in 1967, but the upper part of 

the crowns of occasional groups of white spruce or balsam fir trees were 

severely defoliated in some areas. This was particularly evident on young 

balsam fir trees in Horton, McNab, Bagot, Admaston and Grattan townships in 

the eastern part of Renfrew County. 


The abrupt decline in population levels throughout the district was 

probably caused by egg hatch failure (see photo), Heavy infestations 

persisted in four plantations in Matawatchan, Denbigh and Faraday townships, 

but two of these plantations were sprayed with insecticides. It is expected 

that this sawfly will be a less serious plantation problem in 1969 than it 

has been in recent years. 

Counts made in the most heavily infested plantations in Matawachan and 

Faraday townships do not reflect the general decline in population levels 

that was observed in the district (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Tweed District 


Notes Counts were made on 100 red pine trees at each location. 

location 

(township) 

Av. height of sample 

trees in feet 

otal number of colonies 

Effingham 12 18 3 

Elzevir 

7 30 62 

Faraday 5 232 

Grattan 7 6 2 

Matawatchan 5 18.1 

McNab 12 10 0 

Olden 6 15 2

A 25 

Red Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl 

A general decline in numbers of this sawfly was evident in the districts 

except in a small red pine plantation near Arnprior where moderate defoliation 

occurred. At Combermere in Radcliffe Township where 30-foot trees had been 

moderately defoliated in 1967, populations declined abruptly. Low populations 

were also observed in plantations and natural stands in Hungerford Rawdon, 

Oso, and Sidney townships. 

A Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Ross 

This sawfly was common wherever jack pine trees were examined in the 

District (Table 12). Small heavy infestations were observed on Department 

of Highways plantings between Arnprior and Renfrew in Renfrew County; on 

semi-mature plantings at the junction of highways 7 and 37 in Hastings 

County; on roadside reproduction south of Denbigh in Abinger Township§ 

on saplings north of Dacre in Grattan Township, and in a small privatelyowned 

plantation north of Kingston in Pittsburgh Township. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Tweed District 

Host tree Av. d.b.h. 

Location and number of sample trees Av. no. of colonies per tree 

(township ) examined in inches 1966 1967 

1.1 Abinger 100 jP 

1 

12.1 1..3 

Elzevir 20 jP 

4 

12.7 4.7 3.3 

Grattan 100 jP 

2 

2.0 


For the third consecutive year a single colony of this potentially 

serious defoliator was collected from underplanted Scots pine in Sand Banks 

Provincial Park in Prince Edward County. The situation in the Belleville 

area remained unchanged, with light infestations persisting on ornamental 

pines in and around the city. A light infestation was discovered in a Scots 

pine plantation at Stirling in Sidney Township, 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawflyp Pikonema alaskensis Roh. 

Extremely heavy infestations recurred innumerous young white spruce 

plantations in the western and central parts of the district. Some privatelyowned 

plantations near Flinton were completely defoliated. The Ontario Department 

of Lands and Forests sprayed large areas of heavy infestation and obtained 

almost complete larval mortality at several locations in Hastings and Lennox= 

Addington counties. Ornamental spruce trees were severely damaged at numerous 

locations in the District.

A 26 

White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck 

A slight increase in numbers of weevilled trees was evident in the 

District. Damaged trees were most numerous near Brewers Mills in Pittsburgh 

Township and west of Arnprior in McNab Township, where 37 and 35 per cent 

respectively of the trees were infested (Table 13). Personnel of the 

Ontario Department of Lands and Forests pruned infested leaders in white 

pine plantations as a control measure. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White Pine Weevil in the Tweed District 


Note: 100 trees were examined at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Per cent of leaders weevilled 

1966 1967 68 

Effingham wP 2 16 10 13 

Hungerford wP 2 12 10 9 

McNab wP 2 3 14 35 

Pittsburgh wP 3 3 38 37 

Radcliffe jP 2 5 1 3 

Pine Tortoise Scale, T oumeyella numismaticum P. & M. 

Pockets of heavy infestation in an eight-acre jack pine plantation in 

Radcliffe Township caused twig mortality and some tree mortality. This 

infestation has now been controlled with an insecticide. Small numbers of 

heavily infested trees were observed at Kaladar in Kaladar Township and near 

Dacre in Grattan Township. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Tweed District 


Host(s) 

Remarks 

Acleris semiannula Rob. 


Acordulecera sp. 

wS,bF 

r0 

Small numbers found near Comber 

mere in Radcliffe Twp. 

Increased in numbers throughout 

district 

Low populations at several 

points in Frontenac County

A 27 


Acronicta retardata 

sM 

Small numbers at several locations 

Alsophila pometaria Harr. 


Deciduous Populations generally declined 

Dogwood Light infestation of dogwood 

flea beetle in Sand Banks 

Provincial park 

Amphipyra pyramidoides Gn. wB,tA 

Anavitrinella pampinaria Gn. eC 

Small numbers in Pittsburgh and 

Olden townships 

Small numbers near Burnstown 

in McNab Twp. 

Anchylopera burgessiana Zell. r0 Light leaf roller infestation 

near Cormac in Brudenell Twp. 

Anisota senatoria J.E. Smith 

b0 One colony only found 

Anomogyna elimata Gn. wS,bF 

Small numbers found at two 

locations 

Anoplonyx luteipes Cress. 


Archips argyrospilus Wlk. 

tL 

r0 

Low population in Kennebec Twp. 

Widespread in very low numbers 

Light infestation at Gull Lake, 

Sheffield Twp. 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch ecCh 

Localized heavy infestations in 

Prince Edward County 

Arge pectoralis (Leach) 

Arge scapularis Klug 

wB Light infestations of birch 

sawfly on open grown trees in 

three townships in Renfrew County 

r0 Low population near Combermere, 

Radcliffe Twp. 

Argyrotaenia juglandana Fern. 

Argyrotaenia quercifoliana 

Fitch 

sHi 

Low leaf roller population near 

Adolphustown, South Fredericksburgh 

Twp. 

Light leaf roller infestation at 

Gull Lake s Sheffield Twp.

A 28 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Biston cognataria Gn. tL Low numbers at several locations 

Brachys aerosus Melsh. sM 

Light miner infestation at 

Forestry Headquarters, White Lake 

Callirhytis operator O.S. 1.0 Very heavy infestation of gall 

insects south of Stirling, 

Sidney Twp. 

Campaea perlata Gn. wB,sM Low numbers in Radcliffe and 

Herschel townships 

Caripeta angustiorata Wlk. wP Low population near Renfrew in 

McNab Twp. 

Catocala relicta Wlk. siPo Found only at Black Lake in 

Olden Twp. 

Cenopis pettitana Rob. Ba Few leaf rollers at Silver Lake 

in Oso Twp. 

Choristoneura conflictana Wlk. siPo Low numbers at Black Lake, Olden 

Twp. 

Choristoneura rosaceana Harr. wB,W, 

siPo 

Cimbex americana Leach tA,wB 

Low numbers at numerous locations 

The giant elm sawfly. Widespread 

in low numbers. 

Coleophora betuIivora MOD. WB -Low populations at two sampling 

locations 

Coleophora pruniella Clem. w13 Rarely found in the district 

Croesia semipurpurana (Kft.) r0 Light leaf miner infestation in 

Sheffield Twp. 

Croesus latitarsus Nort. 

Datana integerrima G. & R. sHi 

Scattered colonies of this sawfly 

occurred in Horton Twp., 

Renfrew County 

The walnut caterpillar was less 

abundant than in 1967 

Datana ministra Dru. 

E,Ba Scattered colonies in Brudenell 

and Lyndoch townships

A 29 


Insect Host Re 


Ennomos subsignarius Hbn. 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. 

wS 

Be , siPo 

wB 

Widespread in low numbers 

Found at two locations 

Low numbers near Calabogie 

Eriophyes fraxiniflora Felt wAs Numerous trees severely damaged 

at scattered locations 

Eucosma gloriola Heinr. ScP,wP Generally low numbers 

Eufidonia notataria Wlk. tL Few larvae near Arden, Kennebec 

twp. 

Eupithecia filmata Pears. 

wS Low population in small plantation 

near Brewers Mills, 

Pittsburgh Twp. 

Eupithecia palpata Pack. wP 

Euthyatira pudens Gn. Dogwood 

Exoteleia dodecella Linn. ScP 

One collection made near town 

of Renfrew 

Found at one location in Camden 

Twp. 

Widespread in low numbers 

Feralia jocosa Gn. wS Low numbers near Actinolite, 

Hungerford Twp. 

Heterocampa biundata Wlk. sM Collected near Denbigh and 

Barrys Bay 

Heterocampa guttivitta Wlk. sM The saddled prominent was found 

in low numbers at three locations. 

Potentially serious 

defoliator, 

Hypagyrtis piniata Pack. 

wS Found near Lavant Station in. 

Palmerston Twp. 

Hyperetis amicaria H.S. sM Collected at five locations in 

the northern part of the 

district 



Haw Widespread in low numbers

A 30 


Insect Host(s Remarks 

Leucanthiza dircella Braun 

Leather- Heavy leaf miner infestations 

wood 

common 

Lithocolletis aceriella Clem. sM Low miner populations at two 

locations 

Lithophane georgii Grt. 

Malacosoma americanum F. 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. 

ecCh Few found near Brewers Mills, 

Pittsburgh Twp. 

Deciduous Populations declined at most 

locations. Heavy infestations 

in eastern Renfrew County 

tA Small light infestation north of 

Renfrew 

Monoctenus fulvus Nort. eC Common throughout the district 

Monoctenus juniperinus MacG. rJ Sawflies found along Hwy. 401 

near Switzerville, Ernestown Twp. 

Monoctenus suffusus (Cress.) J Common in low numbers throughout 

district 

Nadata gibbosa J.E. Smith 

Nematus populi Marl. 


sM One collection submitted from 

Denbigh Twp. 

Ta Scattered colonies near White 

Lake Olden Twp. 

One collection submitted from 

Burnstown McNab Twp. 

Ortholepis pasadamia Dyar wB Few larvae at Opinicon Lake, 

Storrington Twp. 

Orthosia hibisci Gn. tA One collection from White Lakes 

Olden Twp. 

Palthis angulalis Hbn. sM Obtained in beating sample in 

Denbigh Twp. 

Paralobesia piceana Free. tL Low population near Arden, 

Kennebec Twp.. 

Phigalia titea Cram. Deciduous Common on many hosts throughout 

district

A 31 



lost(s) 

Pikonema dimmockii (Cress. wS 

Plagodis alcoolaria Gn. sM 

Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) tL 

Common but in low numbers 

throughout district 


locations 

Larch sawfly rarely seen in 

district 

Pseudexentera cressoniana Clem. r0 Common in low numbers 

Pulicalvaria abietisella Pack. eH Needle miners in low numbers in 

Frontenac County 

Schizura ipomoeae Dbldy. sM Few larvae on shoreline trees 

at Mazinaw Lake s Abinger Twp. 

Sciaphila duplex Wlshm. tA 

Leaf rollers found only at White 

Lake, Olden Twp. 

Semiothisa bisignata Wlk. wP Single collection submitted 

from Horton Twp. near Renfrew 

Sparganothis sulfureana Clem. rP Common in plantation north of 

Combermere hadcliffe Twp. 

Thera juniperata L. Juniper Low populations throughout the 

district 

Trichiosoma triangulum Kby. Po Low population near Black Lake 

Provincial Park 

Trisetacus alborum Keifer wP A mite. Several trees heavily 

infested near Actinolite 

Xylomyges dolosa Grt. 

tA 

Common but in small numbers 

Zale helata Sm. 

Zale minerea norda Sm. 

wP Low numbers found at one location 

in McNab Twp, 

Dogwood Low numbers near Centreville, 

Camden Twp. 

Zanclognatha protumnusalis 

Wlk. 

wS 

Found along Paudash Brook, 

Faraday Twp.

STATUS OF BISECTS IN KEMPTVILLE DISTRICT 

. Page 

Black-headed Budworm • » • « • • • • 

Cedar Leaf Miners* *## s «*0** 

* •Acleris variana A 32 

* Argyresthia thuiella and • • A 32 

Argyresthia freyella 

Spruce Budworm - • • • • • • • • • • • 

* * Choristoneura fumiferana A 32 

larch Casebearer • • • • • » • » • • * • Coleophora laricella _ A 33- 

Nursery Pine Sawfly #**0***# * Diprion frutetorum 

; A 34 

European Spruce Sawfly «•••«.«• * Diprion hercyniae A 34 

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer #•*••• * Eucosma gloriola "A 35 

Birch Leaf Miner ««««®»»*®# * « Fenusa, pusilla A 35 

Native Elm Bark Beetle *#**#•# * Hylurgopinus rufipes .-A 36 

Fall Webworm ^o*********® * Hyphantxla cunea A 36 

Forest Tent Caterpillar * ****** . * Malacosoiaa disstria 

Balsam Fir Sawfly * ********* * •Neodiprion abietis complex 

A 37 

A 37 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly • • » • • • « * 

A Jack Pine Sawfly ********* * 

Spring and Fail Cankerworms* * * * * * 

Neodiprion lecontei 

Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus 

Paleacrita vernata and 

Alsophila pometaria 

A 37 

A 38 

A 38 

White Pine Weevil * • • • • • • • • • * Pissodes strobi A 3$ 

Larch Sawfly * # « * # # # « # » « ® * 

European Elm Bark Beetle #»#«## * 

Pristiphora erichsonii 

Scolytus multistriatus 

-A'39 

A 39 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects .# • 

.j» • • • • • • • • • « • • • • • & J7 

M. J. Applejohn

A 32 

Black-headed Budworm, Acleris variana Fern. 

Light infestations of this insect occurred on eastern hemlock along the 

south side of Rideau Lake in South Burgess Township and on white spruce 

plantings in the Leeds County Forest in South Crosby Township. Small numbers 

of larvae and pupae were found on beating samples at numerous locations. 

Five quantitative sample points were established in 1968 to measure populations 

(Table 7). 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Black-headed Budworm Larval Counts in the Kemptville District 


.1.41..791.5.4.0.741.2CAK. 

Location 

townships) 

Host 

Av. d.b.h. of sample 


Total no. of Larvae 

sample 

South Burgess eH 10 58 

Fitzroy wS 10 21 

East Hawkesbury wS 6 0 

Cambridge wS 6 3 

South Crosby wS 4 39 

Cedar Leaf Miners, Argyresthia thuiella Pack, and Argyresthia freyella Wlshm. 

A general upsurge in population levels of these insects occurred throughout 

the district. Heavy infestations were observed along the Newboyne Road 

in Bastard Township along Highway 2 near Hoople Creek in Williamsburg Township 

and north of Cornwall in Cornwall Township. Small pockets of light and 

medium infestation were noted commonly in Lanark and Leeds counties and in 

the Alexandria area in Glengarry County. 


An appreciable increase in the extent and intensity of spruce budworm 

infestations was recorded in 1968. The heavy infestation which occurred in 

an area of about five square miles in Fitzroy and Huntley townships in 1967 

spread into most spruce and balsam stands in Fitzroy, Torbolton, March, 

Huntley and the northeastern half of Pakenham Township. West of this area, 

a light infestation occurred in most host stands in the townships of 

Lavant, Darling, Lanark, Ramsay, and southwestern Pakenham (see map). 

Small pockets of heavy infestation occurred in Dalhousie, Marlborough, 

Mountain and Clarence townships. Small numbers of larvae were found in all 

stands examined throughout the remainder of the district. Egg sampling 

carried out in the fall and winter of 1968 indicates that heavy infestations 

will persist in 1969. Results of egg counts and defoliation estimates are 

summarized in Table 8.

A 33 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Egg Mass Counts and Defoliation Estimates 

in the Kemptville District in 1967 and 1968 

and Infestation Forecasts for 1969 

Location 

townshi 

Host 

Per cent current Cumulative no. egg masses 

foliage destroyed per 100 sq. ft. of foliage 

1 6 1 68 in 1 68 

Defoliation 

forecast 

for 1 69 

Clarence wS -- 93 495 H 

Clarence wS ....... 3 Nil Nil 

Marlborough wS -- 63 817 H 

Huntley bF 17.2 88 800 H 

Huntley wS -- 81 1450 H 

Fitzroy wS 61.5 93 363 H 

Pakenham wS 91 400 H 

Pakenham bF -- 10 13 L 

Dalhousie bF 3.0 67 675 H 


After remaining at a low level for several years, population levels of 

the larch casebearer increased markedly in 1968 (Table 9). Heavy infestations 

caused severe browning of foliage in Oxford, Goulbourn, Ramsay and Lavant 

townships and medium infestations were noted in Augusta and Edwardsburg 

townships. Numerous light infestations occurred elsewhere in the district. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts in the Kemptville District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips from 

each of four trees at each point. 

Location 

(township 

Av. d.b.h, 

of sample trees 

in inches 

Av. no. of lar 

1 66 1 6 1 68 

Dalhousie 4 3.7 4.1 18.3 

Montague 3 

10.3 8.9 6.3 

Oxford 4 3.4 9.5 37.6 

North Plantagenet 4 3.4 4.5 18.3 

Beckwith 6 4.0 

ciacaCrego5Case.....*

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Areas where infestations occurred in 1968 

Legend 




NIHNi • 

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A 34 

Nursery Pine Sawfly, Diprion frutetorum (F.) 

An increase in numbers of this sawfly was recorded at four of five 

permanent sample points (Table 10). The highest populations occurred in 

Oxford Township where 76 larvae were counted on a 15-tray sample. Small 

numbers of larvae were recovered from beating samples from Scots and mugho 

pine in Oxford Drummond, North Burgess and Clarence townships. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Nursery Pine Sawfly Larval Counts in the Kemptville District 


Location 

townshi 

Av. d.b.h. 

of sample trees Total no, of larvae 

per 15-tray sample 

in inches 1968 

Marlborough 4 40 33 

Oxford 6 15 76 

Winchester 6 3 6 

Beckwith 3 4 15 

Bathurst 3 1 30 


Little change occurred in larval populations of this introduced sawfly 

in 1968. A medium infestation persisted in a white spruce windbreak in 

North Plantagenet Township where 139 larvae were counted in a 15-tray beating 

sample (Table 11). A light infestation recurred on open-grown white spruce 

near Point Fortune in East Hawkesbury Township-, however , the infestation 

reported near Long Sault in Cornwall Township in 1967, disappeared in 1968. 

Larvae were found commonly in small numbers at numerous locations. 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts in the Kemptville District 


Av. d.b.h. 

Location of sample trees Total no, of larvae per 15-tray sample 

(township) in inches 1967 1 68 

Beckwith 10 15 24 

Oxford 5 12 15 

Ramsay 5 20 10 

South Crosby 5 29 36 

North Plantagenet 6 158 139

A 3.5 


Population levels of this insect increased markedly for the second 

consecutive year. Particularly high populations occurred in a Christmas tree 

plantation in Beckwith Township where 940 infested lateral shoots were counted 

on 100 trees compared with 256 infested shoots in 1967. No infested leaders 

were observed at this location because the trees were examined after the 

completion of pruning. A significant increase in the number of attacked 

shoots was also noted in Cambridge Township (Table 12). Small to medium 

numbers of infested shoots were observed in numerous plantations throughout 

the district. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Eastern Pine Shoot Borer Damage in the Kemptville District 


Av. d.b.h. No. leaders No. laterals 

Location of sample trees No. trees infested infested 

townshi. Host in inches examined 1'• 6 1" 68 1 67 1 68 

Matilda wP 2 100 12 4 9 17 

Oxford wP 3 5 3 14 14 

Cambridge rP 2 1 2 12 77 

Beckwith ScP 3 

It 

0 0 256 940 

Marlborough ScP 3 2 24 


Although the area infested by this insect was slightly smaller than in 

1967 heavy infestations persisted for the fifth consecutive year. Severe 

browning of white and wire birch foliage occurred in Prescott , Russell, 

Dundas , Glengarry , Stormont and the Eastern parts of Carleton and Leeds 

counties (see map). A small pocket of heavy infestation along the Fall River 

in South Sherbrook Townshi p declined to medium intensity. Population levels 

in the second generation in August and September were considerably lower 

than the first generation. Quantitative sampling at five locations is 

summarized in Table 13.


0 

2 0 

1 

BIRCH LEAF MINER 

Areas where infestations occurred 


Legend 


Heavy infestation r 11

A 36 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Damage Caused by the First Generation of the Birch Leaf Miner 


Note Counts were based on examination of 100 leaves taken at random from 

three trees at each location. 

Location 

townshi 

Host 

Av, d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Per cent of leaves 

inftM 

16 1'68 

Total no. of mines 

i'6, l'68 

Elizabethtown wB 4 99 100 215 271 

East Hawkesbury wiB 3 92 97 183 203 

Williamsburg wiB 2 91 100 228 310 

Cambridge wiB 3 100 89 237 190 

Oxford wB 3 93 100 218 281 

Native Elm Bark Beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes Eich. 

Light to heavy infestations of this beetle occurred wherever dead or 

weakened elm trees were found in the district. Particularly high populations 

occurred in the southern parts of Elizabethtown and Augusta townships where 

heavy infections of Dutch elm disease provided an abundant source of brood 

material. 

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) 

A moderate increase in numbers of this insect was observed in 1968. Two 

pockets of heavy infestation persisted along the north shore of the St. Lawrence 

River near Prescott in Edwardsburg Township and east of Cornwall in Charlottenburg 

Township. Increased numbers of tents were observed on roadside shrubbery 

and in orchards throughout the district (Table 14). 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Fall Webworm Counts in the Kemptville District in 1967 and 1968 

Location 

•township 

1 6 1 68 

No. of tents per mile of roadside 

Osnabruck 18 24 

Edwardsburg 23 37 

South Gower 3 7 

Walford 5 3 

Fitzroy 3 8 

Cornwall 18 24

A 37 

Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn 

A new pocket of heavy infestation comprising approximately four square 

miles occurred northeast of Hallville in Mountain Township in 1968. Trembling 

and largetooth aspen in this area were completely defoliated. Egg band counts 

made in September revealed an average of thirty-two egg bands per tree, 

indicating that heavy infestations will persist at this location in 1969. 

Two small pockets of heavy infestation which occurred in Cambridge and Clarence 

townships in 1967 declined to light intensity in 1968. Single colonies and 

individual larvae were common in the remainder of the district. 


High populations of this sawfly persisted for the second consecutive 

year. Small pockets of heavy infestation occurred in Fitzroy, Pakenham„ 

March, Torbolton, Lanark and Darling townships. Medium infestations were 

noted in Bathurst, Oxford and Russell townships. Small numbers were observed 

commonly on beating samples throughout the district. 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch.) 

Populations of this sawfly declined abruptly in 1968 (Table 15). Heavy 

infestations which caused severe defoliation in Dalhousie, South Plantagenet, 

South Gower, and Oxford townships in 1967 declined to trace levels in 1968. 

The agent chiefly responsible for this decline was an unidentified egg 

parasite which destroyed in excess of 90 per cent of the eggs. Due to the 

very low populations, results of virus control demonstrations in two large 

plantations were inconclusive. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts on Red Pine 


Location 

townshi 0 

Av. d.b.h. No. of trees examined Av. no, of colonies 

of sample trees in 1968 

14.76_121r_tx_=98 

e 

in inches 

Bathurst 1 100 0.80 0.02 

Dalhousie 2 100 6.10 0.00 

North Elms ley 2 50 0.90 0.00 

Oxford 3 100 10.90 0.06 

South Crosby 2 100 00/0 0.02

k 38 

A Jack Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Roh. 

Heavy infestations persisted on planted jack-pine in Lanark , South Crosby 

and Drummond townships and new, heavy infestations were recorded in Nepean 

North Crosby and Clarence townships. Light to medium infestations occurred. in 

Torbolton, Oxford and Goulbourn townships. Small numbers were observed on 

pitch pine near Ivy Lea. Five quantitative sample points were established in 

1968 to measure larval populations (Table 16). 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Kemptville District in 1968 

Location 

township) 

A . d.b.h. of sample 


v. no. of colonies per tree 

1 68 

Lanark 3 10.0 + 

Nepean 3 6.6 

Oxford 3 0.3 

Torbolton 4 0.1 

Bastard 2 0.9 

Spring and Fall Cankerworms, Paleacrita vernata (Peck) and 


A continued upward trend in population levels of these insects was evident 

in 1968. Open-grown trees and small woodlots were severely defoliated in 

Fitzroy, Pakenham, North Gower and Beckwith townships and moderate defoliation 

was observed in Bathurst, Goulbourn and South Elmsley townships. Small numbers 

of larvae occurred at numerous other locations in the district. Elm and basswood 

were the preferred hosts but other deciduous species were also infested. 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck. 

- - - - 

Populations of the white-pine weevil remained at a high level in 1968. 

Heavy infestation of 12-foot white pine trees occurred in a plantation in 

Dalhousie Township where 49 per cent of the trees examined were infested 

and on white pine reproduction in Fitzroy Township (Table 17). Medium 

infestations were noted on white pine reproduction in Torbolton and Lansdowne 

townships and small numbers of infested trees were common elsewhere in the 

district.

A 39 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine weevil in the Kemptville District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 white pine trees at each 

location. 

Av, d.b.h, 

Location of sample trees Per cent of trees weeviled 

townshi in inches 16 1 68 

Fitzroy 3 36 34 

Bathurst 4 8 15 

Cambridge 2 5 2 

Dalhousie 3 49 49 

Oxford 3 6 U 

Larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. 

A slight increase in numbers of the larch sawfly occurred in 1968. 

Small pockets of medium infestation occurred north of Lanark Road 12 in 

Dalhousie T ownship and west of Highway 29 in Montague Township. A small 

light infestation was noted in Clarence Township and scattered individual 

colonies were observed throughout the district, 

Smaller European Elm Bark Beetles, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsh,) 

This introduced vector of Dutch elm disease extended its range along the 

St, Lawrence Valley from the town of Prescott to a point near Ingleside, 

approximately forty miles southeast of the Ontario-Quebec boundary (see map), 

The insects range also extended north to a point near the town of Athens in 

Rear of Leeds and Escott Township, Throughout the area where a high 

incidence of Dutch-elm-disease occurs S. multistriatus was greatly outnumbered 

by the native elm bark beetle, H. rufipes Eich. 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Kemptville District in 1968 

Insect Hos emarks 

Acrobasis stigmella Dyar 

Aphrophora paralella Say, 

Wa Heavy infestation in walnut 

plantation in Roxborough 

Township 

jP,ScP Common throughout district


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SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE 

Known distribution in 1967 & 1968 

Legend 

Distribution in 1967 

Distribution in 1968

A 40 


Insec Host(s) ,arka 

Archippus packardianus Fern. wS 

Small numbers found commonly 

Arge clavicornis (F.) 

Arge pectoralis (Leach) 

wB 

wiB wB 

Low population near Almonte 

Light infestation Oxford Town 

ship single colonies common 

elsewhere 

Argyrotaenia pinatubana (Kft.) wP 

Heavy infestation in March 

Township 

Brachys aerosus Melsh 

Bucculatrix ainsliella Murt. 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. 

Caliroa sp. 

b0 Light infestation north side 

Hwy. 44 , in Huntley Township 

r0 Light infestation along Hwy. 

401 near Bridge Island. 

Light infestation north of 

Maberley in South Sherbrooke 

Township 

r0 Heavy on ornamentals in the 

town of Almonte 

Caripeta angustiorata Wlk. 

Pitch 

pine 

Common on pitch pine along the 

St. Lawrence River. 

Caripeta divisata Wlk. 

wS Small numbers on beating sample 

from South Burgess Township 

Coleophora ulmifoliella McD. slE -Heavy on small trees near 

Rockport, Front of Escott 

Township 

Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.) 

Corythucha juglandis Fitch 

Corythucha ulmi O. & D. 

sM 

Ba 

wE 

Light infestation in South 

Burgess Township 

Heavy near Fallbrook 

Heavy along highway 7 between 

Perth and Silver Lake. 

Craterocerus quercivorus Roh. wO Medium infestation near Ivy Lea 

Bridge Front of Leeds and 

Lansdowne townships

A41 


Insect Host s Remarks 

Datana integerrima G. & R. 

Datana ministra Drury 

Dioryctria disclusa Heinr. 

Dioryctria reniculella Grote 


Elaphidionoides parallelus Newm. 

Erannis tiliaria Harr. 

Eufidonia notataria Wlk. 


Eupithecia palpata Pack. 

Exoteleia nepheos Free. 

Exoteleia pinifoliella (Cham.) 



Lapara bombycoides Wlk. 

Lecanium sp. 

Wa 

wE 

ScP 

wS 

eH 

biH 

Ba,wE 

eH,wB 

wP 

pitch pine 

pitch pine 

ScP 

bF,eH 

pitch pine 

r0,wAs 

Heavy on ornamentals near Corn= 

wall and Smiths Falls. Light 

elsewhere 

Causing light defoliation to 

trees along Hwy. 17 in 

Gloucester Township 

Light infestation in cones near 

Merrickville, Walford Township 

Light infestation on planted 

trees near Gravel Hill, 

borough Township 

Single collection from South 

Burgess Township 

Light twig-pruner damage near 

Mallorytown Landing 

Small numbers of larvae found 

commonly 

Small numbers on beating samples 

at several locations 

Common on beating samples 

throughout district 

Small _numbers on beating samples 

at two locations 


locations. New distribution 

and host record for the district 

Heavy near Phillipsville, light 

at several other locations 

Small numbers of larvae on beating 

samples at several locations 

Small numbers at Browns Bay Park 

Heavy infestation on red oak, 

Constance Bay area, and on white 

ash plantings along Hwy. 34 

between Vankleek Hill and 

Alexandria.

k42 


Insect Host(s) Remarks 

Lithocolletis aceriella Clem. sM 

Lithocolletis caryaefoliella Clem. w0 

Light infestation on maple 

reproduction near Maberley 

Populations reduced to single 

pocket of heavy infestation in 

Front of Leeds and Lansdowne 

Township 

Marmara sp. wP Heavy infestation along Highway 

17 in March Township 

Messa populifoliella Town. 

Nematus ventralis Say 

cPo 

Heavy infestation on roadside 

planting along Hwy. 16 in 

North Gower Township 

Single colony in North 

Sherbrooke Township 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus 

Schedl 

pitch pine Several colonies on reproduction 

near Brown's Bay Parks St. 

Lawrence River 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. 

Oligonychus ununguis Jac. 

jP 

eH 

Single collection near Lanark 

Heavy on roadside trees west 

of Rideau Ferry 

Paraclemensia acerifoliella sM Light in South Burgess and Rear 

Fitch 

of Leeds and Lansdowne townships 

Pareophora minuta MacG. wAs Light to heavy south of Airier----- 

Petrova comstockiana (Fern,) 

Pulicalvaria carbonaria Free. 

Scolytidae, probably Corthylus 

columbianus Hopkins 

Semiothisa bisignata Wlk. 

pitch pine Light on young trees along St. 

Lawrence River 

common Light infestation along Highway 

juniper 17 in Fitzroy Township 

rM Collected from red maple logs 

in Bastard Township 

ScP Larvae numerous at one location 

on the north shore of Dalhousie 

Lake 

Sparganothis unifasciana Clem. 

wP 

Small numbers in webbed new 

shoots of white pine d Kenyon 

Township

A 43 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Tenthredinidea #3 

Tetralopha robustella Zell, 

Single large colony near 

Almonte 

pitch pine Light infestation on reproduction 

at Browns Bay Park 


Mut. & Free, 

wS 

Light infestation near Gravel 

Hill Roxborough Township 

jP Zelleria haimbachi Busck, Single collection from Bastard 

Township

SOUTH6 STERN FOREST REGION 


INTRODUCTION 

STATUS OF TREE DIS S (Regional 

Page 

Dutch Elm Disease . • • • • • 0 0 0 • • Ceratocystis ulmi B 1 

White Pine Blister Rust . . 0 . • • • • Cronartium ribicola B 1 

Fomes Root Rot • • . . . • 0 • 0 • • • Fomes annosus B 2 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar 0 • . 0 . . Hypoxylon mammatum B 3 

Valsa Canker .. • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • . • Valsa kunzei B 5 

Deterioration of Roadside Maple • . 0 • 0 • ******** • B 5 

Ice Damage • • @ • • 0 • • . • • 0 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • B 5 

Rodent Damage . • . • • • • • • 0 • 0 • . 0 • ***** • • • B 5 

Other Noteworthy Diseases • * • • • 0 • 0 0 0 • • • • • • • • B 6

INTRODUCTION 

Southwestern Region 

The following report, based on field surveys by Forest Research 

Technicians, deals with the status of forest insects and tree diseases. 

Data on insects are presented on a district basis and tree diseases are 

contained in the regional section of the report. 

High populations of the saddled prominent persisted in the region, 

several new infestations being reported in the Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron 

districts. In Lake Erie District high populations of the cottony maple 

scale recurred in the Windsor area. Heavy infestations of the larch 

sawfly, pine root collar weevil, European pine sawfly, cedar leaf miners 

and white pine weevil persisted at numerous locations in the region. 

Infestation intensities of the larch casebearer, black—headed budworm, 

a tortricid on oak and the maple trumpet skeletonizer increased noticeably 

at scattered locations, In contrast, larval populations of the 

spruce budworm, European spruce sawfly, introduced pine sawfly and 

nursery pine sawfly declined considerably. Medium infestations of a 

recently described red pine needle midge and heavy infestations of the 

oak skeletonizer, a periodic pest of oak trees, occurred in the Lake Simcoe 

District, 

A new method was introduced in 1968 for determining the incidence and 

levels of infection of a number of tree diseases. Quantitative data 

collected in the region revealed heavy infections of Dutch elm disease, 

Hypoxylon canker of poplar, white pine blister rust and Fomes root rot. 

New infection centres of the last named disease were discovered in 

Lake Simcoe and Lake Brie districts extending the known distribution eastward 

approximately 10 miles. An ice storm caused notable damage to pine 

trees in a band between London and the Niagara Peninsula. Girdling by 

rodents caused widespread_ mortality in young pine plantations and to a 

variety of deciduous hosts, particularly open—growing sugar maple saplings. 

Deterioration of roadside maple appeared to be less severe than in recent 

years. 

Technicians from Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron districts assisted research 

officers with a termite survey in the Kincardine area and the Lake Erie 

Technician was involved with information officers gathering material for 

the new edition of Native Trees of Canada, 

Special collections of the fall webworm, larch sawfly, yellow—necked 

caterpillar and Argyresthia species were made for specific studies. 

Extension work involving Department of Lands and Forests personnel, plantation 

owners and others again constituted an important part of the technician 

field duties.

Technicians in the region wish to take this opportunity to express 

appreciation for the continued cooperation and assistance extended by 

Department of Lands and Forests personnel in 1968. 

R. L. Bowser

Dutch Elm Disease, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau 

l 

This disease continued to be the most serious and publicized forest 

tree problem in the Southwestern Region in 1968. However, the degree of 

tree mortality was less evident than in recent years because most town. 

ships and municipalities have a programme to remove dead and diseased 

trees. Elm losses were severe in the Lake Erie District and southern 

part of the Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron districts, and tree mortality is 

increasing in the northern part of the region. Incidence and levels of 

infection for 18 municipalities in the region are shown in Table 1. 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of the Dutch Elm Disease 

in 18 Municipalities in the Southwestern Region in 1968 

District Municipality Per cent incidence Level of infection 

Lake Simcoe Oshawa 62 Heavy 

Aurora 76 

DO 

Brampton 98 

ft 

Orangeville 60 

It 

Orillia 

Barrie 

34 

40 

I, 

Lake Huron Kitchener 56 

ft 

Guelph 28 

Vt 

Galt 18 

H 

Chatsworth 16 

It 

Teeswater 16 

It 

Lake Erie London 

It 

92 

Adelaide 100 

ft 

Sarnia 

ft 

60 

St. Catharines 70 

Dunville 

11 

84 

ft 

Fonthill 

36 

Simcoe 82 Ii 


Stands with light to heavy infection were observed throughout the 

region in 1968. The highest incidence occurred in Oro Township in the 

Lake Simcoe District where 27.5 per cent of the trees were diseased. 

The highest incidence recorded in both Lake Erie and Lake Huron districts 

was 10 per cent. Light mortality occurred in Lake Simcoe District. 

Sample plot data is contained in Table 2,

B2 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Incidence and Levels of Infection of White Pine Blister Rust 

in the Southwestern Region in 1968 

District 

(township) 

Host 

Acres 

affected 

Per cent 

incidence 

Level of 

infection 

Per cent 

mortality 

Lake Simcoe 

Mulmur wP 20 4.0 Light 1.0 

E. Gwillimbury WP 12 3.0 n 1.0 

Whitchurch wP 20 4.0 

It 

1.0 

Nottawasaga . wP 100 15.0 Medium 1.5 

Oro wP 50 27.5 Heavy. 2.5 

Albion wP 10 22.5 Medium 5.0 

Lake Erie 

Yarmouth wP 10 0.0 Trace 0.0 

S. Walsingham wP 5 10.0 Medium 0.0 

S. Walsingham wP 10 0.0 Trace 0.0 

Bosanquet wP 10 9.1 - 0.0 

Lake Huron 

Sullivan wP 10 10.0 Light 0.0 

Euphrasia wP 150 7.5 Medium 0.0 

Glenelg wP 100 7.5 

II 

0.0 

Osprey wP 100 10.0 

II 

0.0 

Wilmot wP 100 1.0 Trace 0.0 

Fomes Root Rot, Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. 

Red and jack pine mortality resulting from this root rot continued in • 

both Lake Simcoe and Lake Erie districts in 1968. The disease has not been 

recognized in the Lake Huron District to date. 

The known distribution was extended approximately 10 miles to the east 

in the Lake Simcoe District by the discovery of an infection center in 

Uxbridge Township. Mortality of red pine increased in Flos Township where 

the disease attacked and killed two trees outside a trench dug in 1966 to 

prevent spread of infection. 

In the Lake Erie District mortality continued in red and jack pine 

plantations in South Walsingham Township and in a red pine plantation in 

Charlotteville Township. A new infection center was discovered in a mixed 

plantation of young white and Scots pine in South Walsingham Township where 

2.5 per cent mortality was recorded. 

Thinning of stands without proper stump treatment is a major factor 

contributing to the establishment of root rot.

SOUTHWESTERN REGION 

DISTRICTS 

1 LAKE SIMCOE 

2 LAKE HURON 

3 LAKE ERIE 

DUTCH ELM DISEASE 

Per cent of trees infected in 1968 at sample 

locations in 17 municipalities 

Legend 

Per cent of_ trees infected 

O

p 3 

TABLE 3 

Summary of Incidence and Levels of Infection of Fomes Root Rot 

in the Southwestern Region in 1968 

District 

(township) 

Host 

Per cent 

incidence 

Level of 

infection 

Per cent 

mortality 

Lake Simcoe 

Uxbridge R 2.7 Light 0.0 

Medonte rP 2.5 

ft 

0.0 

Flos rP 12.5 Medium 5.0 

Lake Erie 

S. Walsingham rP 37.5 Heavy 15.0 

S. Walsingham 

wP, ScP 15.0 

Medium 

5.0 

Charlotteville JP 

25.0 

Heavy 

12.5 

Charlotteville rP 12.5 Medium 2.5 

MOO 


Light to heavy levels of infection were recorded in the region in 1968. 

Current mortality, incidence and infection levels are shown in Table 4. 

Several factors which appeared to influence the incidence of the disease 

were poor or excessive drainage, rocky and shallow soils, and mechanical 

damage caused by hail and ice. 

Plots in the Lake Huron District revealed that incidence ranged from 

10 per cent in Osprey Township to 100 per cent in Keppel Township. In the 

Lake Simcoe District the incidence ranged from 12.5 per cent in Mulmur Township 

to 67.5 per cent in East Luther Township. The majority of plots sampled 

revealed a high level of infection. The incidence in the Lake Erie District 

varied from 5 per cent in Maidstone Township to 30 per cent in South Walsingham 

Township. The level of infection at sample points was equally divided between 

light and moderate ratings. No current mortality was observed.

n4 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar 

at 26 Locations in the Southwestern Region in 1968 

Location Tree height Incidence Levels of Per cent 

(township) in feet in per cent infection mortality 

ke Simcoe 

Mulmur 35 12.5 Light 2.0 

E. Luther 30 67.5 Heavy 5.0 

W. Gwillimbury 35 15.0 Heavy 5.0 

Essa 40 62.5 Heavy 10.0 

Medonte 45 42.5 Heavy 2.5 

Essa 35 27.5 Moderate 2.5 

Lake Erie 

S. Walsingham 25 30.0 Moderate 0.0 

S. Walsingham 35 12.5 Moderate 0.0 

Aldborough 25 7.5 Light 0.0 

Raleigh 15 6.4 Light 0.0 

Bosanquet 30 15.0 Moderate 0.0 

N. Cayuga 25 7.0 Light 0.0 

Oneida 20 11.0 Light 0.0 

Houghton 20 13.0 Moderate 0.0 

N. Dorchester 30 15.0 Moderate 0.0 

Howard 35 6.0 Light 0.0 

Romney 30 5.0 Light 0.0 

Maidstone 35 5.0 Light 0.0 

Lake Huron 

Keppel 40 100.0 Heavy 12.0 

Glenelg 35 65.0 Heavy 5.0 

Albemarle 35 68.0 Heavy 7.5 

Lindsay 35 50.0 Heavy 7.5 

Greenock 35 32.0 Heavy 2.5 

Osprey 40 10.0 Light 0.0 

Puslinch 45 20.0 Light 0.0 

Proton 45 25.0 Light 0.0

Valsa Canker, Valsa kunzei Fr. 

B 5 

A high incidence of this disease recurred in white spruce plantations 

at two points in Lake Huron District. Quantitative data collected at the 

infection center near Midhurst in Vespra Township revealed 40 per cent 

incidence and level of infection. Cankers have girdled occasional trees 

causing a noticeable reduction in growth. Although no mortality was 

recorded in 1968, light mortality can be expected in 1969. At Base Borden 

in Essa Township recent pruning in a 40—year old spruce plantation has 

greatly increased the incidence of the disease. 

Deterioration of Roadside Maple 

Deterioration of maple continued to be a problem along most major 

traffic arteries in the region in 1968. Most townships now have a program 

to remove dead and severely infected trees. This is reflected in the lower 

numbers of dead trees counted at most sampling locations. 

In the Lake Simcoe District conditions remained much the same as in 

1967. Maple in the southern part of the district showed the most evidence 

of deterioration. 

In the Lake Huron District incidence of over 90 per cent was recorded 

in Nichol and East Nissouri townships, however, the only mortality recorded 

was four per cent in Eramosa Township. 

A general decline in incidence and mortality was recorded in the 

Lake Erie District. Sugar maple was most seriously affected, however, at 

One location along Welland Road Number 2, 70 per cent of silver maple showed 

symptoms of deterioration. 

Ice Damage 

An area extending from approximately 40 miles west of London to the 

Niagara Peninsula was severely damaged by an ice storm in January, 1968. 

Scots pine suffered the heaviest damage, in most cases having breakage of 

both tops and large lateral branches. White pine was damaged to a lesser 

degree. Light damage occurred on red pine, cedar and deciduous trees. 

Norway spruce and white spruce in the area suffered only minor damage. 

Rodent Damage 

Girdling of pines and deciduous trees resulting in widespread mortality 

was reported in the region in 1968. Of the deciduous species sugar maple 

suffered the highest mortality but cherry, hawthorn, ash and basswood were 

also girdled. 

In the Lake Simcoe District numerous young Scots pine plantings were 

heavily damaged. Three—to—five foot Austrian pine suffered 50 per cent 

mortality in a small plantation in Oro Township.

B 6 

In the Lake Erie District 20 per cent mortality was recorded in a 

three-year-old Scots pine plantation in Willoughby Township. 

A six year-old Scots pine plantation in McGillivray Township suffered severe 

girdling and approximately 10 per cent mortality. 

In the Lake Huron District numerous 4-to 6-foot Scots pine were 

girdled in a plantation in West Garafraxa Township. Light mortality of 

small red pine trees was observed in a plantation in Nassagaweya Township. 

TABLES 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the Southwestern Region in 1968 


Apiosporina collinsii 

(Schw.) Hoehn. 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl) 

ex Fr. Kummer 


(de Bary) Arnaud 

Botryosphaeria quercuum 

Camarosporium robiniae 

(Westd.) Sacc. 

Ciborinia whetzellii 

(Seaver) Seaver 

sP1 Heavy infection on several 

trees in Sunnidale Township 

rP, eC, Occurred commonly in the region 

wAs in 1968. Light mortality 

recurred in Midhurst Forest 

Nursery and in an old infection 

centre in Oro Township 

rP, scP Associated with stem and needle 

mortality in Uxbridge, 

Matchedash and Charlotteville 

townships 

r0 Organism collected on dead 

branches in Nassagaweya 

Township. Second herbarium 

record 

Hon High incidence of branch tip 

mortality in Lake Huron District 

tA Infections were noted in Aspen 

stands ranging from 20 to 500 

acres at several points in 

Lake Simcoe District. Although 

incidence ranged as high as 

100 per cent, level of infection 

did not exceed light 

Coleosporium asterum 

(Diet.) Syd. 

rP, jP 

Trace infections in Eramosa, 

Sullivan, Nottawasaga, 

Tosorontio, S. Walsingham and 

Woodhouse townships

B 7 


Organism 

Host(s) 

Remarks 

Cronartium comptoniae Arth. 

Cryptodiaporthe galericulata 

(Tul.) Wehm. 

Gelasinospora tetrasperma 

Dowding 

Gelatinosporium abietinum Pk. 

Gymnosporangium clavipes 

(Cke. and Pk.) Cke. and Pk. 

Gymnosporangium globosum Farl. 

Gymnosporangium sp. 

Lenzites trabea Pers. ex Fr. 

Peridermium sp. 

Pollaccia radiosa 

(Lib.) Bald. & Cif. 

Polyporus schweinitzii Fr. 

Polyporus tomentosus Fr. 

jP 

Be 

wP 

bF 

sP1, rJ 

rJ 

Haw 

nS 

Scp 

tA 

wS 

wS, nS 

Light infection in 

St. Edmunds Township 

Associated with light to heavy 

branch mortality in Nassagaweya 

Township 

Collected in association 

with Fomes annosus 

Organism associated with 

tree mortality in Osprey 

Township 

Light and moderate infections 

in Sunnidale, S. Colchester 

and Charlotteville townships 

Light infection in S. Colchester 

Township 

Heavy on occasional trees 

in Flos Township 

Found on dead material 

in Dunwich Township 

Heavy and moderate infections 

in Flos and Whitchurch townships-respectively. 

Light 

infections common in 

Lake Simcoe District 

Occurred at widely scattered 

locations in Lake Simcoe 

District. The highest 

incidence recorded was 47.5 

per cent and infection levels 

were generally very low 

One large tree infected in 

shelterbelt at Midhurst nursery 

Associated with stem mortality 

in Vespra, Essa and 

Charlotteville townships

B 



Puccinia convolvuli Cast. 

Bindweed Rust common on this host 

in recent burn area. Second 

herbarium record 

Rhizina undulata Fr. ex Fr. 

Ground 

Collected from ground in 

recent burn area in Vespra 

Township. Not associated 

with tree mortality 

Salt damage 

Sclerophoma pithya 

(Thuem.) Hoehn. 

eC, wS, nS Light to severe foliar damage 

wP, nP occurred along major highways. 

Light tree mortality 

occasionally observed 

wP Organism found on dead 

branch tips in Lake Erie and 

Lake Huron districts 

Sphaeropsis ellisii Sacc. 

ScP 

Associated with mortality 

of 45-foot trees in 

Sunnidale Township. Second 


Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae 

(Pers.) Diet. 

Uncinula salicis (DC.) Wint. 

Winter drying 

pCl 

w, bPo 

wP, Scp 

Associated with branch 

deterioration in Oro Township. 

First herbarium record 

Light to heavy infections 

in small clumps of trees 

Lake Simcoe and-Lake Huron 

districts 

20 to 80 per cent incidence 

of severe damage observed in 

central part of Lake Huron 

District

STATUS OF INSECTS IN LAKE SIMCOE DISTRICT 

BPage 

9 

Black-headed Budworm 

Cedar Leaf Miners 

• • Acleris variana 

Argyresthia aureoargentella 

Argyresthia thuiella and 

Argyresthia freyella 

9 

The Oak Skeletonizer 

Spruce Budworm . 

Jack-pine Budworm • • . • 

Bucculatrix aineliella 

. 0 Choristoneura fumiferana 

. 0 0 Choristoneura pinus pinus 

B 

B 10 

B 10 

Larch Casebearer • o e • • * 

O 

Coleophora.laricella 

B 10 

A Tortricid on Oak 0 

Croesia semipurpurana 

B 11 

Rusty Pine-cone Moth . 

rman Pine Moth . . 

Nursery Pine sawfly. 

European Spruce Sawfly 

0 • Dioryctria disclusa 

0 • • • Dioryctria zimmermani 

• • • • Diprion frutetorum 

• lhprion hercyniae 

B 11 

B 11 

B 12 

B 12 

Introduced Pine Sawfly 

Pine Shoot Moth . 

• . 0 . 0 • Diprion similis 

. • Eucosma gloriola 

B 13 

B 14 

The Saddled Prominent 

Pine Root Collar Weevil 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar . a 

• • o • Heterocampa guttivitta 

. 0 • . 0 &labs radicis 

• • 

Malacosoma americanum 

B 14 

B 15 

B 1 5 

Jack-pine Sawfly . 

European Pine Sawfly 

• Neodiprion pratti banksianae 

• • 0 Neodiprion sertifer 

B 15 

B 16 

White-pine Weevil 0 00 0 • 

Larch Sawfly * • 0* • 

Red-pine Needle Midge • * 0 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects 

Pissodes strobi 

Pri stiphora erichsonii 

Thecodiplosis piniresinosae 

o ********* 

B 17 

B 18 

B 18 

B 19 

R. L. Bowser

B 9 


Medium infestations of this budworm occurred in white spruce plantations 

in E. Garafraxa and Whitchurch townships. Larval counts gave 132 

and 135 larvae per 15-tray sample respectively (Table 6). Small numbers 

of larvae were observed commonly in beating samples from white spruce and 

balsam fir trees at several locations in the district. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Black-headed Budworm Larval Counts in the Lake Simcoe District 


Location 

(township) 

Tree Av. height of Total no. larvae per 15-tray sample 

species trees in feet 1968 

Uxbridge wS 30 22 

E. Garafraxa wS 20 132 

Whitchurch wS 30 135 

Essa wS 45 15 

Nottawasaga wS 45 7 

Essa bF 30 3 

Medonte bF 45• 1 

17.M.19.91197/43. 

Cedar Leaf Miners, Argyresthia aureoargentella Brower 

Argyresthia thuiella Pack, and 

Argyresthia freyella Wlshm. 

High populations of these three leaf miners caused severe defoliation 

in numerous cedar stands in the district. Tree and branch mortality 

increased considerably, particularly in the southeastern part of the district, 

As in 1967, A. thuiella was generally the most prevalent although larvae 

of A. aureoargentella were numerous in one cedar stand examined near 

Brooklin in West Whitby Township. Two other factors contributing to cedar 

decline were winter drying and the lack of foliage, particularly in the 

upper crowns, of trees that had produced heavy cone crops in 1967. 

The Oak Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix ainsliella MUrt. 

This skeletonizer has not been reported in infestation proportions 

in Ontario for several years. In 1968 heavy infestations occurred in red 

oak stands in Uxbridge and Whitchurch townships. High populations were 

also reported in Metro Toronto and Oshawa. At one point in Uxbridge 

Township over 100 moulting pads were counted on one leaf. Small numbers 

of the insect were observed commonly on oak elsewhere in the district,

B 10 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. 

A medium infestation recurred in a private plantation in Essa Township 

where 27 per cent defoliation was recorded. On the basis of egg counts, a 

light infestation will occur in this plantation in 1969. The medium infestation 

in Uxbridge Township declined to light intensity with only 10 per cent 

defoliation compared with 46 per cent in 1967. Continued light infestation 

is forecast for 1969. Defoliation at Midhurst increased from four to 14 

per cent and light damage was recorded in white spruce stands in Oro, 

Whitchurch, Brock and Sunnidale townships. Small numbers of the insect were 

found in beating samples from balsam fir trees in Medonte and Essa townships. 

Jack–pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. 

A medium infestation occurred on jack pine and red pine trees in one 

section of the Baxter Tract in Essa Township and on fringe and open–grown 

jack pine trees in a mixed plantation in Oro Township. Medium infestations 

in Albion and Melancthon townships declined to light intensity and new light 

infestations were recorded in Adjala and Whitchurch townships. The insect 

was found in very small numbers elsewhere in the district. 

Large numbers of adults were noted in the Oro infestation in mid–July. 


Larval populations increased abruptly at three points and were generally 

higher throughout the district than in 1967 (see photograph). A heavy 

infestation caused severe discoloration of 30– to 40–foot European larch 

trees in a plantation east of Aurora in Whitchurch Township where a medium 

infestation had occurred in 1967. At quantitative sample points in Whitchurch 

and Albion townships medium infestations increased to heavy intensity with 

populations more than doubling (Table 7). A medium infestation recurred in 

W. Gwillimbury Township where 41 larvae were counted on two 18–inch branch 

tips. Localized light and medium infestations were observed more commonly 

in European larch and tamarack stands than in 1967.

B 11 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts in the Lake Simcoe District 


Note: Counts were based on examination of four 18-inch branch tips 

from the mid-crown of each of four trees at each location. 

Location 

township 

Tree Av. d.b.h, 

s ecies in inches 

WMMMMigh 

Av. no. larvae per 18-inch branch tip 

1966 1967 1968 

Medonte eL 

Albion 

Whitchurch 

Vespra 

Uxbridge 

5 

5 

6 

6 

8 

2.2 

22.2 

0.9 

111.1,010. 

1.0 

34.4 

17.4 

0.1 

2.0 

5.1 

76.9 

42.1 

0.5 

8.5 

A Tortricid on Oak, Croesia semipurpurana Kft. 

Medium to heavy infestations occurred for the third consecutive year 

in red oak stands in Oro and Vespra townships (see map). The medium 

infestation in Dufferin County forest in Mulmur and Tosorontio townships 

increased to heavy intensity causing up to 100 per cent defoliation of 

localized groups of trees. New heavy infestations were recorded in woodlots 

near Maple in Vaughan Township and in the Thunder Bay area in 

Tiny Township. Moderate defoliation occurred near Balsam in Pickering 

Township. In Uxbridge Township the heavy infestation declined to medium 

intensity. 

Swarms of adults were observed in areas of heavy infestation during 

the second week in July. This defoliator is associated with considerable 

mortality of oak in the northeastern United States and control operations 

have been carried out there. 

Rusty Pine-cone Moth, Dioryctria disclusa Heinr. 

Heavy -cone damage occurred in--red and-jack pine plantations at ----- 

Base Borden for the second consecutive year. In Tiny Township over 50 

per cent cone damage was recorded in a large red pine plantation. Medium 

infestations were noted in Tosorontio, Albion and Mara townships. 

Zimmerman Pine Moth, Dioryctria zimmermani Grt. 

High larval populations caused moderate to heavy damage to the new 

shoots of pole-size red pine trees at several points for the second 

consecutive year (see photograph). At Base Borden shoot damage increased 

from 50 per cent to 70 per cent on numerous fringe and open grown trees. 

Heavy damage was also recorded at Midhurst in Vespra Township, the 

Baxter Tract in Essa Township and in sections of the Dufferin County 

forest in Mulmur and Tosorontio townships. Light damage was noted in 

Whitchurch church, Tiny, Flos and Medonte townships,

B 12 

Nursery Pine Sawfly, Diprion frutetorum F. 

With a few exceptions, larval populations of this sawfly decreased 

generally in the district in 1968. The trend was most marked at a 

sample point in Reach Township where the number of larvae per sample 

decreased from 109 in 1967 to 25 in 1968 (Table 8). 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Nursery Pine Sawfly Larval Counts in the Lake Simcoe District 


Location 

(township) 

Tree 

species 

Av, height of 

trees in feet 

Total no. larvae per 15-tray sample 


Pickering ScP 30 0 46 7 

Reach 

ScP 

30 2 109 25 

Melancthon ScP 30 1 4 11 

Mono ScP 20 2 10 6 

Vespra ScP 45 3 10 1 

Orillia ScP 15 2 23 29 

Oro wP 30 4 2 2 

Markham ScP 30 2 16 1 

European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae Htg. 

Notable decreases in numbers of this insect occurred at four permanent 

sample areas in 1968 (Table 9). In contrast, a total of 74 larvae were 

counted in a 15-mat sample in Uxbridge Township compared with 19 in 1967. 

Elsewhere in the district random sampling revealed from one to six larvae 

per 3' x 3' mat sample.

LAKE SIMCOE DISTRICT 

MILES 

20 10 o to 40 

CROESIA SEMIPURPURANA ON OAK 

Locations where infestations were observed 


Legend 

Medium infestations 3 

Heavy infestations •

B 13 

TABLE 9 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts in the Lake Simcoe District 


41111111111•111111MMIMIllk 

Location 

(township)) 

Tree 

species 

Av. height of 

trees in feet 

Total no. larvae per 15—tray sample 

1966 1967 1968 

Vespra nS 45 3 22 0 

Medonte wS 45 5 62 15 

Mara wS 15 1 18 24 

Nottawasaga wS 45 1 63 10 

Uxbridge wS 30 4 19 74 

Whitchurch wS 30 

IMO 

39 0 

Introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion similis Htg. 

In contrast to 1967 when sharp population increases occurred, this 

insect was found in relatively small numbers in 1968. This trend was 

particularly notable in Scots pine plantings in Pickering , Reach and Mono 

townships and in a white pine plantation in Oro Township (Table 10), 

Records maintained for a number of years show it is not unusual for larval 

populations to fluctuate substantially from year to year. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Introduced Pine Sawfly Larval Counts in the Lake Simcoe District 


Location 

(township) 

Tree 

species 

Av. height of 

trees in feet 

Total no . larvae per 15—tray sample 

1966 1967 1968 

Markham ScP 30 2 22 9 

Pickering ScP 30 7 608 78 

Reach ScP 30 3 243 88 

Melancthon ScP 30 4 43 14 

Mono ScP 20 27 359 47 

Vespra ScP 45 3 10 0 

Oro wP 30 53 167 69 

Orillia ScP 15 2 35 31

B14 

Pine Shoot Moth, Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 

Larval populations of this shoot borer remained virtually the same 

as in 1967. Shoot damage was evident in all plantations examined. In 

younger plantations the number of attacks per tree ranged up to five 

and leader damage did not exceed eight per cent (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Shoot Damage by the White-pine Shoot Borer 

in the Lake Simcoe District in 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Tree 

species 

Av. height Per cent 

of trees of trees 

in feet infested 

Av. no. attacks 

per infested 

tree 

Per cent 

of leaders 

attacked 

Vespra rP 3 69 3 5 

Medonte rP 2 78 3 7 

Uxbridge rP 4 61 2 4 

Adjala wP 6 91 2 5 

W. Gwillimbury wP 10 78 4 6 

Whitchurch ScP 6 100 5 8 

Vespra ScP 6 97 4 

The Saddled Prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta 

Heavy infestations recurred in parts of Oro and Medonte townships in 

1968. New heavy infestations occurred on Beckwith and Christian islands 

in Georgian Bay (see map). Although sugar maple and beech were the preferred 

host trees trembling aspen, white birch and ironwood were severely defoliated 

in some areas. Generally medium infestations with scattered pockets of heavy 

intensity were recorded in Tiny, Whitchurch and Uxbridge townships and a 

light infestation was observed in a woodlot east of Orangeville in Adjala 

Township. 

Starvation caused heavy mortality of mid-to-late instar larvae in 

woodlots where complete defoliation occurred (see photograph). Masses of 

dead larvae were observed commonly on the ground at the base of heavily 

infested trees. 

Pupal counts in three areas of heavy infestation in Oro Township varied 

from an average of 2.2 to 6.8 per square foot of duff. Predation of pupae 

by small mammals approximated 50 per cent in two of the areas examined in 

mid-September. Further surveys in early May to determine the survival rate 

of overwintering pupae will be useful in forecasting infestation intensities 

for 1969. A very low percentage of the pupae were infected and killed by 

Isaria fungus. 

Refoliation of the more vigorous sugar maple trees occurred in areas of 

severe defoliation. However, severely defoliated beech trees did not re 

foliate, Plots have been established in to areas to assess the effect of 

the damage on host stands.

LAKE SIMCOE DISTRICT 

MILES 

2 0 10 O 20 40 

1-4 

SADDLED PROMINENT 

Area and locations where infestations 

were observed in 1968 

Legend 


and •

B 15 

Pine Root-collar Weevil, Hylobius radicis Buch. 

Numerous heavy infestations persisted in Simcoe County causing 

considerable Scots pine tree mortality. In a small plantation near 

Gibson in Tiny Township 60 per cent of the trees were infested. Counts 

in Essa and Flos townships revealed that approximately 20 per cent of 

the trees were infested. 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum F. 

Following a decline for two consecutive years, larval populations 

in 1968 remained virtually the same as in 1967 (Table 12). The heaviest 

infestation was recorded east of Sandford in Scott Township where cherry 

shrubbery was severely defoliated along approximately two miles of 

roadside. Roadside counts showed only minor fluctuations elsewhere in 

the district. 

Summary of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts in Lake Simcoe District 


TABLE 12 

Location 

(township) 

tree 

species 

No. colonies per mile of roadside 

1966 1967 1968 

Sunnidale bCh 14 14 23 

Tiny ecCh 23 26 31 

Medonte bCh 13 11 16 

Baxter ecCh 13 16 11 

Flos bCh 56 31 

Vespra ecCh 11 

37 

8 

Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. 

A small pocket of heavy infestation occurred on scattered jack pine 

trees in a mixed plantation south of Base Borden in Essa Township. Small 

medium infestations were recorded in W. Gwillimbury, Orillia and Mara 

townships. Light damage was observed in Tosorontio and Adjala townships. 

In Melancthon Township the average number of colonies per infested 20- 

foot tree declined from five in 1967 to one in 1968 (Table 13).

B 16 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Jack-pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts in Lake Simcoe District 


Location Av. height of Av. no. colonies per infested tree 

(township) trees in feet 1967 1968 

Melancthon 20 1 

Tosorontio 10 

ONO 1.5 

W Gwillimbury 10 2.0 

European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer Geoff. 

High larval populations caused severe defoliation of 10- to 30-foot 

Scots pine and red pine trees in Tiny, Vespra and Uxbridge townships. 

Approximately 100 acres of unpruned three-to ten-foot Scots pine trees 

were severely defoliated in a plantation near Ballantrae in Whitchurch 

Township. The heavy infestation in a 40-year-old jack pine plantation 

in East Whitby Township declined to medium intensity and a new medium 

infestation occurred near Blackwater in Brock Township. As in 1967 

infestations in Dufferin County were generally light with occasional 

localized pockets of medium intensity. Elsewhere in the district light 

infestations occurred commonly and moderate damage was observed less 

frequently than in 1967 (Table 14). 

In W. Gwillimbury Township where a small Scots pine plantation was 

sprayed with virus in 1967 approximately 30 per cent larval mortality 

occurred as a result of virus carry-over. A virus recovery programme 

was carried out in the plantation by Department of Lands and Forests 

personnel.

B 17 

TABLE 14 

Summary of European Pine Sawfly Colony Counts and Degrees of Infestation 

in the Lake Simcoe District from 1966 to 1968 

Av. height Av. no. colonies Per cent of Degree of 

Location Tree of trees per infested tree trees infested infestation 

(township) species in feet 1966 1967 1968 in 1968 in 1968 

Caledon ScP 

20 3 7 2 

31 L 

Pickering ScP 

15 100+ 16 3 

L 

81 Georgina rP 

7 3 4 3 

M 

Mulmur rP 

19 L 

Orillia ScP 

5o 

L 

Tiny rP 

Albion ScP 

Tosorontio ScP 

Tosorontio rP 

10 2 1 0.2 

12 1 0 1 

5 - 1 

3 

12 5 2 1 

12 2 1 0.5 

67 L 

71 L 

63 L 

47 L 

White-pine Weevil Pissodes strobi Peck. 

A notable increase in leader damage occurred at several points in the 

district in 1968. Heavy damage recurred in white pine plantations in Mara, 

Essa and Orillia townships (Table 15). Fifty-six per cent of the 7-foot 

white pine trees were attacked in a plantation in the Orr Lake Forest 

where moderate damage occurred in 1967. Heavy damage was also recorded 

in a Norway spruce plantation in Oro Township where 53 per cent of the 

leaders were infested. Moderate damage was noted in Mulmur and E. Gwillimbury 

townships, 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White-pine Weevil 


Location 

(township) 

Tree species 

Per cent of trees weevilled 

1966 1967 1968 

Whitchurch wP 26 17 19 

Matchedash wP 1 7 16 

Essa wP 45 55 35 

Orillia WP 45 31 35 

Oro WP 10 4 2 

Whitchurch nS 11 6 3 

Vespra nS 17 16 12 

King wP 19 14 20 

Mara wP 61 74 78

B 18 

Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. 

Severe defoliation of European larch trees recurred in plantations 

in the Orr Lake and Waverley tracts in Medonte and Flos townships 

respectively and in a section of the Base Borden Reservation in 

Tosorontio Township. Seventy-five to 90 per cent defoliation of 50- 

foot trees was also recorded near Tottenham in Tecumseth Township and 

in the vicinity of Ballantrae in Whitchurch Township. Medium infestations 

were noted in Adjala, Oro and Mulmur townships. Light infestations 

were common elsewhere in the district. Data for larch curled tip counts 

is contained in Table 16. 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Curled Shoot Counts and Degrees of Infestation of the Larch Sawfly 


Location Tree Av. d.b.h. Per cent tips curled Degree of infestation 

(township) species in inches 1966 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968 

Oro eL 8 6 22 18 L 

Uxbridge eL 9 100 2 3 H L L 

A Red Pine Needle Midge, Thecodiplosis piniresinosae Kearby 

Populations of this recently described insect were last reported from 

the Lake Simcoe District in 1965 when heavy infestations occurred in five 

townships. In 1968 medium infestations occurred in pole-size red pine 

plantations in Uxbridge and Medonte townships. Forty to 50 per cent of 

the current foliage was killed in some areas. Light damage was recorded 

at several locations, particularly in Oro and Vespra townships.

B 19 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Lake Simcoe District 

TABLE 13 


Host(s) 

Remarks 

Acrobasis 

Acrobasis 

betulella Hlst. 

juglandis LeBar. 

wB Light infestation on young 

shade trees in Essa Township 

Wa. Medium infestation of case– 

bearers on open–grown 10–foot 

trees in Pickering Township 

Acrobasis tricolorella Grt. 

Agonopterix robiniella Pack. 

pch Common on open–grown trees 

in W. Gwillimbury Township 

Lo Heavy infestation in clump 

of open–grown trees in Oro 

Township 

Altica populi Brown 

Aphrophora parallela Say 

Archips argyrospilus 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch. 

Archips fervidanus Clem 

Arge pectoralis Leach 

Argyresthia laricella Kft. 

Argyresthia oreasella Clem. 

Argyresthia pygmaeella Hbn. 


bPo 

ScP, JP, 

rP, wP 

b0 

ecCh 

eL 

ecCh 

wS 

Heavy localized infestations 

in Whit church and Uxbridge 

townships 

Occasional medium and heavy 

infestations. Light infestations 

common 

Common on several open–grown 

trees in Pickering Township 

Heavy in Rama Township. 

Light elsewhere 

Low populations in Oroand 

Tiny townships 

wB Small numbers of colonies 

in Uxbridge Township 

Small numbers in Mara Township 

Common on occasional fringe 

trees in Oro Township 

Leaf rollers common 

in Tiny Township 

Loopers common in beating 

sample in Uxbridge Forest

B 20 


Insect Host( Remarks 

Cecidomyia reeksi Vock. 

jP 

Heavy infestations caused 

approximately 50 per cent 

shoot damage to individual 

trees in Peel, York and the 

southern part of Ontario 

counties and at, scattered 

points in Simcoe County 

Coleophora innotabilis Braun bPo, tA 

Low populations of case 

bearers in Mono and Whitchurch 

townships 

Coleophora pruniella Clem. bCh, pCh Small numbers in Innisfil 

and Pickering townships 

Coleophora ulmifoliella McD. wE Heavy in Whitby Township 

on open—grown trees 

Datana integerrima G. & Wa Caused light, moderate and 

heavy defoliation of 

individual trees in the 

southern part of the district 

Datana ministra Dru. wE, Mo 

Medium and light infestations 

on open grown trees in 

Pickering and Innisfil 

townships respectively 

Depressaria betulella Busck. wB Light to moderate foliar 

township 

damage in Oro and Flos 

Dioryctria reniculella Grt. wS High numbers of larvae found 

feeding in association with 

spruce budworm in Essa and 

Uxbridge townships 

Ectodemia populella Busck. tA, ltA Light and medium infestations 

common in district 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. wB Caused moderate foliar 

damage in Uxbridge, Oro, 

Flos and Tiny townships 

Episimus argutanus Clem. Su Caused moderate foliar damage 

in Pickering and W. Gwillimbury 

townships 

Erannis tiliaria Harr. Ba, WE, sM Common in small numbers

B21 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Exoteleia dodecella Linn. 

ScP 

Larval populations were 

generally higher in 1968. 

Ten per cent bud damage 

occurred commonly in the 

central and southern parts 

of the district. The highest 

count showed 23 per cent bud 

damage in a plantation in 

Pickering Township 

Fenusa pusilla Lep. wB Medium infestations occurred 

on young open grown trees in 

Orillia and Flos townships 

Gonioctena americana Schaef. tA Small light infestations on 

understory trees in Flos and 

Essa townships 

Gypsonoma haimbackiana Kft. bPo Moderate shoot damage in 

small clumps of trees in 

Essa and Mara townships 

Hyphantria cunea Dru. WE, wAs Medium infestations recurred 

in Pickering and Orillia 

townships 

Lithocolletis hamadryadella b0, r0 Caused severe foliar damage 

Clem. 

in Toronto Township and light 

in Flos Township 

Messa nana Klug- wB Light-foliar 

damage-in Uxbridge Township 

Monoctenus fulvus Nort. eC Light infestations common in 

district. Quantitative 

sampling in Medonte, Mara, 

and Tecumseth townships 

revealed 1 , 1.5 and 3.0 

larvae per 3' x 3' mat sample 

respectively 

Monoctenus suffusus (Cress.) J Small numbers in Sunnidale 

and Matchedash townships 

Nematus limbatus Cress.Low populations at three 

W, cPo 

locations

B22 



Nematus tibialis Newm. 

Neodiprion abietis Harr. 

Neodiprion lecontei Fitch 

Neodiprion virginianus Roh. 

Nephopteryx virgatella Clem. 

Nepticula sp. prob. turbidella 

H. - S. 

Nymphalis antiopa 

Host(s) Remarks 

Lo High population in clump 

of open grown trees in 

Oro Township 

bF Generally light infestations 

persisted 

rP Two small pockets of medium 

infestation in 150-acre 

plantation in Vespra Township. 

Light infestation recurred 

in Matchedash Township 

jP Light infestations in Mara 

and Oro townships declined 

to trace population in 1968 

Lo Heavy infestation of leaf 

tiers on shelterbelt trees 

in Pickering Township 

tA, bPo Lights medium and heavy 

infestations common in the 

district 

wE Scattered colonies on a 

variety of deciduous hosts 

in the district 

Pikonema alaskensis Roh. 

wS 

locations 

Small numbers at scattered 

Pristiphora geniculata Htg. 

Mo 

Light to heavy defoliation 

occurred commonly on single 

and small groups of trees 

Profenusa lucifex Ross 

b0 A heavy infestation of this 

leaf miner persisted on 

several trees in Pickering 

Township 


wS 

Light and moderate needle 

damage noted in Mara , Essas, 

W. Gwillimbury and Brock 

townships

13 23 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Semioscopis inornata 

cPo Leaf folders common in windbreak 

in Albion Township 

Semiothisa bisignata 11k. 

Thera juniperata L. 

WP 

J 

Small numbers in beating 

samples at three locations 

Small numbers in Sunnidale 

Township

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE LAKE ERIE DISTRICT 

Page 

Pine Spittlebug . 0 . Aphrophora parallels 

B 24 

Cedar Leaf Miners 0000 000 Argyresthia 

A0 thuiella 

Spruce Budworm 0 . . 0 0 . 0 . 0 Choristoneura fumiferana 

Larch Casebearer SO .0. 00. O• Coleophora laricella 

Walnut Caterpillar 0000.00 0 . Datana integerrima 

Rusty Pine-cone Moth 0 . . . . . . . Dioryctria disclusa 

B 24 

B 24 

B 25 

B 25 

B 26 

Nursery Pine Sawfly •. 0.• 

. 0 0 Diprion frutetorum 

B 26 

European Spruce Sawfly .00000 Diprion hercyniae 

Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer . . . 

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer .0 . . 

Fall Webworm OOOOOOOOOOOO Hyphantria cunea 

A Leaf Miner on Hazel , 0 .. •0•. Lithocolletis hamameliella 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar .0.0 • 0 Malacosoma americanum 

European Pine Sawfly 000 0000. Neodiprion sertifer 

Pitch Nodule Maker 0 . 0. .0 . .0 Petrova albicapitana 

White-pine Weevil . ... ... . .0Pissodes strobi 

B 27 

B 28 

B 28 

B 29 

B 29 

B 29 

B 30 

B 31 

B 31 

Larch Sawfly 000 .0 0.00 

0 0 Pristiphora erichsonii 

B 32 

Cottony Maple Scale . . . . . . o 0 Pulvinaria innumerabilis 

B 33 

European Pine Shoot Moth 

O 0 0 . 0 Rhyacionia buoliana 

B 33 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects 0..000 .000.....0 

B 34 

G. T. Atkinson

A. 

B 24 

Pine Spittlebug, Aphrophora parallela (Say) 

Very little change occurred in the status of this insect in the 

district in 1968. In South Walsingham Township heavy infestations 

recurred on white pine and medium to heavy infestations persisted on 

Scots pine. A small plantation of 7-foot Scots pine in Woodhouse 

Township supported a medium population. The heavy infestations on 

white pine in Charlotteville Township in 1967 subsided to light to 

medium intensities in 1968. Light infestations occurred on white pine 

in a plantation in Malahide Township and at scattered locations in 

Yarmouth Township. 

Cedar Leaf Miners, Argyresthia freyella Wlshm. 

thuiella Pack. 

Heavy infestations of these leaf miners developed on white cedar 

and red juniper in the district in 1968. Defoliation of white cedar was 

heavier than red cedar due to feeding by both species. Only A. freyella 

was found on red juniper. Infestation intensities were equally heavy 

on natural stands and ornamentals. However, damage to ornamentals and 

windbreaks was particularly conspicuous and resulted in many extension 

calls from public and private sources. In most cases these calls were 

received too late to undertake effective control measures in 1968. 

Defoliation of white cedar ranged from severe in the eastern and 

central parts of the district to moderate to severe in the west. Infestations 

were heavy on red juniper in Norfolk and Haldimand counties, medium 

in Essex County and trace to light in the remainder of the district. 


Because balsam fir is a relatively rare tree species in the Lake Erie 

District all collections of spruce budworm were taken from white and Norway 

spruce. The numbers of larvae per collection increased slightly compared 

with 1967. 

- -Light- infestations- were observed on -scattered plantings of Norway 

spruce along the MacDonald-Cartier Freeway in Westminster Township. A 

very light infestation occurred in a small plantation of semi-mature white 

spruce in South Walsingham Township and small numbers of larvae were found 

on Norway spruce in Woodhouse and Adelaide townships.

B 25 


Quantitative and general sampling revealed an increase in numbers 

of this casebearer in 1968, particularly on tamarack in Bosanquet Township 

(Table 6). 

A light to medium infestation occurred on tamarack at Kettle Point 

in Bosanquet Township. Light infestations were observed on European 

larch at the Turkey Point Nursery, at Five Corners in Charlotteville 

Township, in a young plantation along the MacDonald-Cartier Freeway in 

North Dorchester Township and in a semi-mature plantation in Yarmouth 

Township. Low population levels occurred on roadside plantings, 

ornamentals and plantations at scattered locations in the remainder of 

the district. 

ABLE 6 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in the Lake Erie District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips 

from each of four trees at each point. 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Av. d.b.h. 


in inches 

Av, no, of larvae 

per 18-in. branch tip 

1966 1967 1968 

AIM t. 

Bosanquet tL 10 15.3 12.4 24.3 

Charlotteville eL 10 0.5 3.0 3.5 

North Dorchester eL 8 12.5 1.4 1.3 

South Walsingham eL 10 0.9 0.1 0.2 

Yarmouth eL 12 16.4 3.1 5.2 

Walnut Caterpillar, Datana integerrima G. & 

Severe defoliation of open-grown walnut and hickory trees recurred 

in the district in 1968 (see map). Black walnut was the favoured host, 

however, all species of hickory were attacked. 

Severe defoliation of black walnut for two or more consecutive years 

has resulted in heavy twig and branch mortality in the townships of Dunwich, 

McGillivray, South Cayuga and North Tilbury and further mortality is 

expected if severe defoliation persists in 1969. Heavy infestations recurred 

on black walnut in South Walsingham, Charlotteville and Canborough 

townships. Tufts of foliage were produced on severely defoliated black 

walnut trees during the month of September at numerous locations in the 

district.

LAKE ERIE DISTRICT 

Grand Bend 

tosby 

Thedford 

BOSANQUET 

St 

BIDDULP 

Cutan 

SANDYNC 

Ef'e' 

ANDE ,S Ej X 

coxasm, I GOSFIELD N 

- N. 

MALDEN Harr-1 GOSF1ELD 

COLCHESTER 

S 

arcing 

SARN/A 

L A M 

MOORE ENNIS 

Gle,N1coe_-- 

SOMBRA DAWN i E UPHEM r d1:5\N, 

D 

0 

i' — 

Ogden lit ṯ1-e'INII a rds'CW 

CAMDEN 

- NALOBOR UGH 

10Coburg 

ORFOA}D\ odne 

CHATN M ham svi Ile 

HOWARD ighgat 

AICE-- '-i DOVER 

dg 

K N T 

CLAIR 

N II RWICH 

.de 

umseh 

Ienhei 

,Sk Ieir Beach 

affiren.% 400 

elle R ver 

111111P ■111110 TILBURY E 

MAIDSTONe6CHESTE-- 

/0AINEY 

tley 

" 

-ST THOTAS AY inesi. BAYHAM1 BpP1N4.0 

SOUTHWOL.8 YARMOUTH MALAHIDE \ip 

Vienna 410. 

!at* 5'31.0 

*42 *05 ort Rowan 

rt D.ver 

WALNUT CATERPILLAR 

Per cent defoliation at quantitative 

sample locations 

eLc 

Legend 

Defoliation in 1967 and 1968 

1967 

196

B 26 

Defoliation of individual shagbark hickory ranged from 75 to 100 

per cent in Charlotteville and Malahide townships. Medium to heavy 

infestations persisted on hickory in North Cayuga Township. Defoliation 

at sample locations from 1966 to 1968 is summarized in Table 7. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Walnut Caterpillar Defoliation Estimates on Black Walnut 

in Lake Erie District in 1966, 1967 and 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. 


in inches 

No. of trees 

examined 

Estimated per cent defoliation 

1966 1967 1968 

Dunwich 5 10 40 90 100 

Enniskillen 5 10 10 10 85 

McGillivray 5 20 20 95 65 

Mosa 7 20 20 60 40 

S. Cayuga 5 15 0 75 80 

N. Tilbury 7 5 70 90 90 

Wainfleet 6 15 25 50 40 

Windham 5 10 1 40 35 

Rusty Pine-cone Moth, Dioryctria disclusa Heinr. 

Small numbers of this cone moth have been collected at scattered 

locations in the district in recent years. In 1968 light to heavy infestations 

occurred in red and Scots pine cones at many points in the district. 

Heavy infestations occurred in red pine cones in South Walsingham, 

Charlotteville and Windham townships. Scots pine cones in the central and 

eastern parts of the district were heavily attacked, particularly in 

Middleton, Pelham and Wainfleet townships where more than 25 per cent of 

the cones at sample points were infested. -Light to medium infestations 

were observed in Scots and red pine cones in McGillivray, Adelaide and 

Bosanquet townships. 

Nursery Pine Sawfly, Diprion frutetorum Lec. 

No significant change in numbers or distribution of this introduced 

sawfly occurred in the district in 1968. The status of the insect in the 

district is reflected in Table 8.

' • 

B 27 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Nursery Fine Sawfly Larval Counts in Lake Erie District 

in 1966, 1967 and 1968 

Av. d.b.h. 

Total no, of insects 

Location of sample trees Per 15 tray sample 

(township) Host in inches 1966 1967 1968 

Enniskillen scP 5 8 0 4 

Stamford scP 5 3 0 3 

Willoughby scP 5 8 0 1 

McGillivray scP 5 - - 3 

Windham scP 4 - - 1 

S. Walsingham scP 6 - 4 


Population levels of the European spruce sawfly remained low in the 

district in 1968. Numbers declined at sampling points in Adelaide, 

South Walsingham, Woodhouse and Westminster townships. A light to medium 

infestation reported on open-grown Norway spruce in Westminster Township 

in 1967 subsided in 1968. The results of quantitative sampling for three 

years are shown in Table 9. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts in the Lake Erie District 


Location 

(township) 

- •.• • • -..--.- • 

Host 

. - • - . - . 

Av. d.b.h. Total no. of larvae 

of sample trees Per 15 tray sample 

in inches 1966 1967 1968 

Adelaide 

N. Cayuga 

S. Walsingham 

Woodhouse 

Westminster 

N. Dorchester 

wS 5 

wS 5 

wS 11 

nS 14 

nS 4 

nS 3 

2 9 2 

6 7 11 

13 . 25 10 

9 19 1 

51 1 

6

B 28 

Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer, Epinotia aceriella Clem. 

Localized pockets of light to heavy infestation of this common pest 

of maple have been reported in the district in recent years. An increase 

in numbers in 1968 resulted in numerous extension calls from individuals 

concerned about ornamental trees. In Houghton Township several small 

stands of semi-mature red maple and numerous open-grown red and sugar 

maple suffered up to 75 per cent defoliation. Open-grown sugar maple in 

South Walsingham Township was heavily infested. Population levels remained 

low elsewhere in the district and damage was confined to maple understory. 


Damage by this shoot borer was common in the district in 1968. 

White pine was the favourite host, however, Scots pine also supported 

small numbers of the insect at scattered locations in South Walsingham, 

Charlotteville, McGillivray and Willoughby townships. 

A light infestation recurred on white pine in McGillivray Township 

and an increase was recorded in the number of leaders attacked compared 

with 1967 (Table 10). A light infestation on white pine in 1967 in 

Charlotteville Township virtually subsided in 1968. Small numbers were 

observed on white pine in Yarmouth Township and in a mixed Scots-white 

pine plantation in Willoughby Township. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Damage to White Pine by the Eastern Pine Shoot Borer 

in the Lake Erie District in 1967 and 1968 

Note: 100 trees examined at each location. 

No, of infested No, of infested 

Location Av, tree height shoots leaders 

(township) in feet 1967 1968 1967 1968 

Aldborough 8 30 63 1 5 

Charlotteville 10 60 9 2 1 

McGillivray 8 350 137 12 17 

41/430:.

B 29 

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea Dru. 

This common pest of deciduous trees increased in numbers in the 

district in 1968. Host trees included trembling aspen, hickories, elm, 

basswood, mountain ash, wild apple, hawthorn, cherries and occasional 

black walnut. 

Medium to heavy infestations occurred in Lambton and Essex counties. 

Numerous colonies were observed in Haldimand and Norfolk counties, 

particularly on roadside elm in Oneida and Seneca townships and on 

cherry and aspen in Charlotteville Township. Numbers were generally 

low in Lincoln and Welland counties except at one location in Pelham 

Township where cherry and hawthorn trees were heavily infested. 

Heavy infestations reported on Pelee Island in 1966 have declined 

to light-to-medium intensity. Occasional nests of this webworm were 

found commonly in the remainder of the district. 

A Leaf Miner on Witch Hazel, Lithocolletis hamameliella Busck 

This insect was last recorded in the district in Norfolk County in 

1965. Damage to witch hazel was found commonly in 1968. 

A medium infestation was observed on witch hazel understory in 

Middleton Township. Light infestations occurred at numerous locations 

in South Walsingham, Seneca and Mersea townships. Occasional trees were 

lightly damaged at scattered locations in the remainder of the district. 


Population levels of this insect increased to a greater extent in 

1968 than quantitative data shows in Table 11. Host trees included cherry, 

apple and hawthorn. Infestations were usually confined to open-grown or 

roadside reproduction. Feeding by this insect was observed as early as 

April 16. 

A heavy infestation occurred along Con. II of Willoughby Township 

where more than 200 tents were counted in one mile of roadside. High 

numbers persisted in Bosanquet, Zone and West Nissouri townships. A rise 

in population levels occurred in McGillivray, Moulton, South Walsingham 

and Woodhouse townships where numerous light and occasional heavy infestations 

were observed.

B 30 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Counts in Lake Erie District 


Location 

(township) 

Total number of colonies per mile of roadside 

1966 1967 1968 

Bosanquet 200 16 18 

McGillivray 1 0 3 

Moulton 2 0 3 

S. Walsingham 1 2 4 

W. Nissouri 6 9 15 

Woodhouse 4 0 6 

Zone 22 16 23 

Willoughby ®® -- 200 + 


Population levels of this sawfly declined generally in the district in 

1968 (Table 12). Larval mortality caused by a polyhedral virus was found 

in numerous Scots pine plantations in Mosa, South Walsingham, Charlotteville 

and Middleton townships. 

Severe defoliation of red and Scots pine occurred in Willoughby and 

Middleton townships. A heavy infestation reported on red pine in the 

Backus Tract, South Walsingham Township in 1967 declined to medium intensity 

in 1968. Moderate defoliation occurred on individual Scots pine trees along 

the MacDonald-Cartier Freeway in North Dorchester and Westminster townships. 

A medium infestation was observed in a mixed plantation containing jack pine, 

Scots pine and red pine in Pelham Township. Medium infestations reported 

on semi mature red pine in Woodhouse and McGillivray townships in 1967 

declined to light intensity in 1968. Numerous light infestations occurred 

on Scots pine at scattered locations in Woodhouse, Thorold and Malden townships.

B 31 

TABLE 12 


in the Lake Erie District in 1967 and 1968 

Note: Twenty trees were examined at each location in 1967. 

100 trees were examined at each location in 1968. 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Av. height 

in feet 

.71W9116101.01•111.00... 

Av. no, of colonies 

per tree 

Degree of 

infestation 

1967 1968 1967 1968 

Adelaide scP 9 7 0.1 M L 

Euphemia scP 15 0,9 0.6 L L 

McGillivray rP 7 8.0 2.4 H L 

Mosa rP 7 2.0 0.2 L L 

Mosa scP 15 - 0.5 - L 

S. Cayuga scP 15 - 11.0 4.7 H M 

Willoughby scP 15 15.6 7.8 H H 

Pitch Nodule Maker, Petrova albicapitana Busck, 

An obvious increase in numbers of this insect occurred in the district 

in 1968. Severe damage was observed on open-grown jack pine in Houghton 

Township. A medium infestation was recorded on jack pine in a mixed plantation 

in Willoughby Township. Low numbers were observed on a 15-year-old 

jack pine plantation in Pelham Township. In Charlotteville Township three 

of 100 Scots pine trees averaging five feet in height were infested with a 

total of six nodules. 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi Peck 

A slight increase in numbers of the white pine weevil occurred in the 

district in 1968. Light Infestations were observed in South 

Walsingham and McGillivray townships. Low numbers were common in the remainder of 

the district. The status of this insect in the district as a whole is 

reflected by data in Table 13.

B 32 

TABLE 13 

Summary of White—pine Weevil Damage on 100 White Pine Trees at Each Location 


Av. d.b.h. of 

Location sample trees Total number of leaders attacked 

(township) in inches 1967 1968 

Charlotteville 4 0 7 

S. Walsingham 5 0 6 

3. Walsingham 4 7 18 

McGillivray 4 12 

Willoughby 3 4 

Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. 

Larch sawfly population levels showed only minor changes in 1968. 

Sequential sampling revealed an increase of 8 and 11 per cent in the numbers 

of curled tips in Howard and South Walsingham townships respectively (Table 14). 

Infestations increased from medium to heavy intensity on European larch 

in the Norfolk County Forest in South Walsingham Township and at Five Corners 

in Charlotteville Township. Medium to heavy infestations persisted on mature 

Japanese and European larch at the St. Williams Nursery. Severe defoliation 

of European larch was observed in a mixed larch—pine plantation in Yarmouth 

Township. A medium infestation persisted for the fourth consecutive year on 

European larch in the Reynold Tract in Howard Township. A light infestation 

occurred on European larch in North Dorchester Township. Low numbers were 

observed on tamarack in Bosanquet and Caradoc townships. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Curled Shoot Counts and Degrees of Infestation of the Larch. Sawfly 

in the Lake Erie District in 1966, 1967 and 1968 

Av. d.b.h. Per cent of 

Degree of 

Location of sample trees tips curled infestation 

(township) Host in inches 1966 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968 

Howard eL 10 22 20 28 M M M 

S. Walsingham eL 10 28 15 26 M M

TABLE 15 

B 33 

Cottony Maple Scale, Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rath. 

A severe infestation of the cottony maple scale on silver maple in 

South Colchester and Malden townships and in the city of Windsor gave the 

trees an unsightly appearance and caused a copious flow of honey-dew. 

As a result, numerous calls were received from residents of these areas 

concerning control measures. 

Localized infestations persisted in the Windsor area for the second 

consecutive year. Severe infestations recurred at Bellecraft Beach in 

spite of control measures carried out in 1967. However, at Holiday Beach 

Provincial Park a slight decline in numbers occurred in 1968. High 

populations of a Coccinellid predator, Hyperaspis sp., occurred at Holiday 

Beech Park and at most locations examined in the city of Windsor. Natural 

control factors may limit infestations at these locations in 1969. Silver 

maple was the favourite host but some red maple trees were also infested. 

European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana Schiff. 

This introduced shoot borer was found on open-grown, roadside and 

ornamental Scots and red pine and on unpruned plantings at several locations 

in the district in 1968. A medium infestation occurred on red pine in 

Woodhouse Township. Light infestations were recorded on Scots pine in 

North Cayuga, Willoughby and Adelaide townships and on red pine in Willoughby 

Township. Quantitative data contained in Table 15 is indicative of the status 

of the insect in the district in 1968. 

Summary of European Pine Shoot Moth in the Lake Erie District in 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Total no. of infested shoots 

in 100 bud clusters 


Euphemia 

scP 

N. Cayuga scP 

Willoughby 

scP 

Willoughby 

rP 

Woodhouse 

rP 

Mosa 

rP 

Adelaide 

scP 

3 

7 

15 

7 

23 

1 

12

B 34 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected 


giN1101■1.0316•1•071004.1V 

Host(s) 

Remarks 

Acrobasis stigmella Dyar 

Acronicta americana Harr. 

Acronicta interrupta Gn. 

sHi 

Ba 

Haw 

Shoot borers, low numbers 

Brooke Twp. 

Trace, South Walsingham Twp. 

Small numbers Woodhouse Twp. 

Acronicta ovata Grt. r0 

Adelges abietis Linn. nS 

Trace Bosanquet Twp, 

Heavy Woodhouse, N. Dorchester 

twps. 


Ba 

Low numbers Bosan quet Twp. 

Amphipyra pyramidoides Gn. rO, Ba 

Anacamptodes vellivolata Hlst. wP 

Anchylopera burgessiana Zell. wO, rO, 

bCh 

Anchylopera nebeculana Clem. bCh 

Antispila nyssaefoliella Clem. Black gum 

Argyresthia oreasella Clem. ecCh 

Low numbers Bosanquet, Brooke 

twps. 

Trace Bosanquet Twp. 

Medium infestations S. Walsingham, 

Bosanquet twps. 

Trace S. Walsingham Twp. 

Medium infestation one tree 

Charlotteville Twp. 

Common in district 

Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kft. wP Small numbers Bosanquet, 

Yarmouth twps. 

Antheraea polyphemus Cram. Haw Trace Woodhouse Twp. 

Biston cognataria Gn. 

Bomolocha abalienalis Wlk. 

Juneberry Low numbers Charlotteville Twp. 

Trace Woodhouse Twp. 

Brachys aerosus Melsh. rO 

Bucculatrix ainsliella Murt. wB 

Trace Charlotteville Twp. 

Low numbers S. Walsingham, 

Middleton twps. 

Bucculatrix canadensisella 

Cham. 

r0 

Trace N. Cayuga, Middleton twps.

B 35 



Caripeta piniata Pack. 

Catocala blandula Hlst. 

Cecidomyia reeksi Vock. 

Cenopis pettitana Rob. 

Chionaspis furfura Fitch 

wP 

Haw 

jP 

Ba 

bPo 

Low numbers S. Walsingham Twp. 

Low numbers Woodhouse Twp. 

Light infestation S. Walsingham 

Twp. 

Low numbers Brooke Twp. 

Heavy on three small trees 

Charlotteville Twp. 

Choristoneura rosaceana Harr. Ba 

Low numbers Brooke Twp. 

Cinara pinea Mord. 

scP 

Heavy in one plantation Pelham 

Twp. 

Coleophora pruniella Clem. ecCh Common in district 


Ba, E, Haw Light-medium S. Walsingham, 

Woodhouse twps. 

Diapheromera femorata Say wP, scP Found more commonly in 1968 

Dichomeris ligulella Hbn. r0 Common Charlotteville, 

S. Walsingham twps. 

Dioryctria abietivorella Grt. scP 

Dioryctria reniculella Grt, nS, 

Diprion similis Htg. rP 

Ectropis crepuscularia Schiff.1A 

Elaphria versicolor Grt. nS, wS 

Light N. Walsingham Twp. 

Small numbers Adelaide, 



Small numbers S. Walsingham Twp. 

Light infestation S. Walsingham 

Twp. 

Ennomos subsigmarius Hbn. 

r0 Trace S. Walsingham, Middleton 

twps. 

Epicnaptera americana Harr. 

Epinotia timidella Clem. 

Haw 


Medium infestation S. Walsingham, 

Middleton twps.

13 36 


. • • ' • • ' • ' 


Erannis tiliaria Harr. w0 

Eufidonia notataria Wlk, wP 

Eupithecia filmata Pears. wS 

Eupithecia palpata Pack. 

Eupithecia transcanadata Mack. wS 

Euxoa messoria Harr. siM 

Exoteleia dodecella Linn. scP 

Exoteleia nepheos Free. scP 

Gluphisia septentrionalis Wlk. tA 

Halisidota caryae Harr. I, WI, mM 

Low numbers Woodhouse Twp. 

Low numbers McGillivray Twp. 

Low numbers S. Welsingham Twp. 

Light Aldborough, McGillivray 

twps. 

Light Adelaide Twp. 

Heavy defoliation silver maple 

seed bed second year in 

St. Williams Nursery 

Low numbers Caradoc, 



Low numbers Charlotteville Twp. 


Halisidota tessellaris 

J.E. Smith 

Haw, 

Hackberry 

Light Maiden, Woodhouse twps. 

Heterocampa guttivitta Wlk. E 

Hyalophora cecropia Linn. rAsh 

Hyperaspis binotata Say rM 

Ips grandicollis Eich. rP 

Lapara bombycoides Wlk. wP 

Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. tA 

Lithocolletis aceriella Clem. rM 

Lithocolletis celistella Cham. Hackberry 


Trace N. Cayuga Twp. 

Predator of Cottony Maple 

Scale , Malden Twp. 

Heavy one tree S. Walsingham Twp. 

Trace Bosanquet Twp, 

Light Dunwich Twp. 


Trace Malden Twp. 


Clem. 

wO 

Heavy lower crown mature trees, 

city of London

B 37 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Lithocolletis ostryarella 

Cham. 

I 

Low numbers Seneca Twp. 

Lithocolletis Cham. salicifoliella tA 

Low numbers in district 

Neurotoma fasciata. Nort. 


ecCh 

E, W 

Medium attack one tree Woodhouse 

Twp. 

Occasional tree defoliated 

Walpole, S. Walsingham twps. 

Orthosia hibisci Gn. r0 


Orthosia revicta Morr. 

Haw 


Fanthea furcilla Pack. rP 

Trace Dunwich Twp. 

Pheosia rimosa Pack. 

Physokermes piceae Schr. 

1À 

INS 


Light infestation St. Williams 

Nursery 

Pikonema alaskensis Roh. as 

Pityogenes hopkinsi Sw. wP 

Low numbers S. Walsingham, 

Woodhouse twps. 

One tree attacked Charlotteville 

Twp. 


Mo Highway stock infested 

St. Williams Nursery 

Pseudexentera cressoniana Clem. r0 



Schizura leptinoides Grt. 

Semiothisa bisignata 

Semiothisa dispuncta Wlk. 

Semiothisa mimorata Pack. 

nS Low numbers Adelaide. Decline 

in numbers in N. Dorchester 

WI Trace S. Walsingham Twp. 

wP Common in district 

wS Trace S. Walsingham, 

Adelaide twps. 

wP Trace Aldborough Twp.

13 38 


Insect Host (s) Remarks 

Sinea diadema F. wS 

Sphinx chersis Hbn. rAsh 

Spilonota lariciana Heinr. eL 

Tremex columba Linn, 

Zale sp. prob. lineosa (Wlk.) mM 

Zale minerea norda Sm. 

Common on beating samples 

Trace N. Cayuga Twp. 


Adult on recent fire-killed 

tree 

Usually rare severe defoliation 

of Manitoba maple in St. Williams 

Nursery woodlot 

Trace . S. . Walsingham Twp.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE LAKE HURON DISTRICT 

Page 

A Cedar Leaf Miner Argyresthia thuiella 39 

Spruce Budworm • . Choristoneura fumiferana B 39 

Larch Casebearer Coleophora laricella B 39 

Walnut Caterpillar . Datana integerrima B 40 

European Spruce Sawfly . Diprion hercyniae B 41 

Introduced Pine Sawfly . . • Diprion similis B 41 

Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer • Epinotia aceriella B 

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer . Eucosma gloriola B 42 

Jack—pine Needle Miner . . • Exoteleia pinifoliella B 43 

Saddled Prominent Heterocampa guttivitta B 43 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar • • Malacosoma americanum B 44 

European Pine Sawfly Neodiprion sertifer B 44 

White Pine Weevil 0 Pissodes strobi B 45 

Larch Sawfly 0 • Pristiphora erichsonii B 46 

European Pine Shoot Moth 0 Rhyacionia buoliana B 46 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects 46 

V. Jansons

B 39 

A Cedar Leaf Miner, Argyresthia thuiella Pack 

High populations of this leaf miner continued to cause discolouration 

of white cedar throughout the district. However, populations of the leaf 

miners Pulicalvaria thujaella Kft., Argyresthia freyella Wlshm. and 

Argyresthia aureoargentella Brower, found in areas where severe leaf mining 

occurred in recent years, declined to low levels. Considerable branch tip 

mortality continued at several locations in the district s particularly on 

Bruce Peninsula. In addition to the miner , a heavy cone crop in 1967 and 

winter drying in the spring of 1968 contributed to the very noticeable crown 

deterioration. 


Population levels of this insect declined in the northern part of 

Bruce Peninsula. At one sample point in Lindsay Township defoliation of 

white spruce declined from 43 per cent in 1967 to 24 per cent in 1968. 

Infestations in St. Edmunds Township were generally light but larval populations 

increased noticeably at one location. An egg mass survey indicated 

that a medium infestation will recur in Lindsay Township in 1969. 

A considerable increase in larval populations was observed on white 

spruce in the Grey Main Tract where the number of larvae per beating mat 

averaged 1.4 in 1967 compared with 8.8 in 1968. Light infestations 

persisted on white spruce in Macton Tract, Wellesley Township, and in 

Sandy Hill Tract in Woolwich Township. 

Larch Casebearer, Coleophora laricella (Hbn.) 

Following a general population decline in recent years the numbers of 

this insect increased sharply at two locations in the district in 1968. A 

heavy infestation occurred on European larch in the Dornoch Tract in 

Bentinck Township where an average of 54.5 larvae was recorded per 18-inch 

branch tip. A, medium infestation was observed on European larch in the 

Ayton Tract in Normanby Township. Larval populations were mainly concentrated 

on the bottom branches where severe discolouration occurred. Minor _ 

increases were recorded on tamarack at four permanent sample points (Table 6). 

The total number of larvae on 18—inch branch tip samples from European larch 

varied from 7 to 31 at five other sample points.

7 

TABLE 

B 40 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts at Seven Points 

in the Lake Huron District from 1966 to 1968 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips 

at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

Host 



Av. no. larvae er branch ti 

1966197---1964. 

Bentinck eL 2 ft* 

54.5 

Normanby eL 

1.1 

3 22.4 

Bentinck tL 

5 6.1 4.2 

6.3 

Amabel tL 4 13.2 .9 5.8 

S. Dumfries tL 6 3.7 1.7 4.3 

Glenelg tL 5 9.5 6.5 4.8 

Blandford tL 6 6.1 2 .3 3.6 

Walnut Caterpillar, Datana integerrirna G. & R. 

In 1968 a small increase in population levels of this insect was observed 

in the southern part of the district. Severe defoliation of single and small 

groups of black walnut continued for the third consecutive year in Stephen 

and Hay townships, along Highway 24 south of Galt, and in Eramosa Township. 

Light to moderate defoliation occurred on numerous trees north of Kincardine, 

at Innerkip and Bright in Blandford Township,and at several other locations 

in the district. Defoliation estimates are summarized in Table 7. 

Summary of Walnut Caterpillar Defoliation Estimates on Black Walnut 

in the Lake Huron District, 1967 to 1968 

Location 

(township) 

No. of trees examined 

Estimated per cent defoliation 


Hay 6 100 100 

S. Dumfries 3 100 100 

Eramosa 3 90 100 

E. Nissouri 12 80 90 

Kincardine 10 50 

Ancaster 

10 

Oa, 

10 

Blandford 

15 

20 

Blandford 10 40

B 41 


Population levels of this insect increased in permanent sample plots 

in St. Edmunds, Albemarle and Minto townships. A light infestation was 

observed on Norway spruce plantings in the Cummock Tract in Nichol Township 

where a total of 216 larvae were collected on a 15—tray sample. At six 

other sample points populations declined as shown in Table 8. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts Taken from White Spruce Trees 


Location 

(township) 



Total no, or larvae 

per 15—tray sample 

1966 1967 1968 

St. Edmunds 7 147 10 62 

Albemarle 62 6 28 

Puslinch 5 

se=a 12 14 

Minto 6 14 2 13 

E. Wawanosh 7 - 42 7 

Euphrasia 4 33 21 7 

Lindsay 8 -- 16 5 

W. Garafraxa 5 - 18 2 

Woolwich 5 1 0 1 

Introduced Pine Sawfly, Diprion similis (Htg.) 

Populations of this insect remained at a low level as shown in Table 9. 

The highest count occurred in a sample plot in Eramosa Township where 14 

larvae were recorded on a 15—tray beating sample.

B 42 

TABLE 9 

Summary of European Pine Sawfly Counts in the Lake Huron District 


•1700•LMOINOINO,00,071. 


Location Av. d.b.h. of sample per 15-tray sample 

(township) Host trees in inches 1966 1967 1968 

Eramosa 

wP 

3 14 

Woolwich 

wP 

446 45 12 5 

13 Euphrasia 

wP 

5 5 

E. Wawanosh 

wP 

-- 6 

3 

Koppel 

ScP 

7 17 5 

0 

Minto 

wP 

6 3 1 

0 

Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer, Epinotia aceriella Clem. 

An infestation of this insect increased to heavy intensity in a 50-acre 

woodlot in Colborne Township where a medium infestation occurred in a sugar 

maple stand in 1967. Approximately 60 per cent of the leaves were infested 

in a sample from this stand. A new medium infestation occurred in a woodlot 

in Stanley Township where an estimated 30 per cent of the leaves were damaged. 

Populations declined to a low level in a large woodlot in Wilmot Township 

where a light infestation was observed in 1967. Small numbers of infested 

sugar maple leaves were observed at several other locations in the district. 


Populations of this shoot borer declined to a low level in white pine 

plantations in Ashfield, Brant, Nassagaweya, Normanby and Puslinch townships 

Table 10. However, a new medium infestation was observed in a white pine 

plantation in Eramosa Township where 23 leaders were attacked on one hundred 

sample trees. At several other locations in the district the insect occurred 

more commonly than in recent years.

B 43 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Shoot Damage by the Eastern Pine Shoot Borer on White Pine Trees 


Note: Counts were based on examination of one hundred trees 


Average Per cent Total no, of Number of 

height of trees infested leaders 

Location of trees infested shoots infested 

(township) in feet 1968 1966 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968 

Eramosa 10 64 -- 

.1.7.11150 

-- 184 23 

Normanby 6 26 -- 195 37 30 4 

Ashfield 10 

11 

01171.1. 

-- 204 21 

20 3 

Brant 

8 

43 140 64 92 35 4 00 

Puslinch 12 

0 80 16 0 4 4 

Nassagaweya 12 OP fa:. 

41 -- 152 58 15 0 

Jack-pine Needle Miner, Exoteleia pinifoliella (Cham.) 

A sharp decline in population levels of this needle miner occurred in 

jack pine plantations in the Ayton Tract in Normanby Township, and in 

McIntyre Tract in Kinloss Township where heavy infestations were reported 

for two consecutive years. In the Ayton Tract the incidence of mined 

needles declined from 80 per cent in 1967 to 45 per cent in 1968. Small 

numbers of mined needles were observed in jack pine plantations in Sullivan, 

Holland and Euphrasia townships. 

Saddled Prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta Wlk. 

In 1968, infestation of the saddled prominent increased extent 

and intensity in two of the three outbreaks reported in 1967. At Lions Head 

in Eastnor Township the infested area increased from about 200 acres in 

1967 to approximately two square miles in 1968. Defoliation of sugar maple 

in this area ranged from 80 to 100 per cent. New pockets of medium to heavy 

infestation were observed south of Barrow Bay in Eastnor Township and from 

Hope Bay south to Colpoy Bay in Albemarle Township (Map 1). 

Larval populations increased in an extensive mixed stand northeast of 

Wiarton in Keppel Township where sugar maple, beech and white birch were 

severely defoliated. An examination of these infested stands in late 

September revealed that many of the completely defoliated sugar maple trees 

had partly refoliated. 

A sharp decline in numbers of the insect was recorded in a sugar maple 

stand at the Camp Meaford Tank Range in St. Vincent Township where only 25 

per cent defoliation was recorded in 1968 compared with 90 per cent in 1967.

B 44 


Populations of this insect remained at a low level in 1968. Small 

numbers of scattered tents were observed in the central part of the district. 

The highest count, 35 tents per one mile of roadside, was recorded in 

Egremont Township (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Eastern Tent Caterpillar Colony Counts in the Lake Huron District 


Location 

(township) 

Host 

-7/.•149,11n...0 

No, of colonies per mile of roadside 

1966 1967 1968 

Egremont ecCh 32 35 

Brant ecCh 54 16 21 

Arran ecCh 12 13 8 

Amabel * pCh 23 5 9 

Sullivan ecCh 6 7 4 

* Square chain plot 

European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer Geoff. 

Population levels of this insect increased at two locations in the 

district. In 1968 a medium infestation was observed on small Scots pine 

in the Meister Tract in Beverly Township. Defoliation ranged from 60 to 

90 per cent on scattered trees. The second increase occurred on small 

trees in a Scots pine plantation south of Sauble Falls in Amabel Township, 

where defoliation ranged up to 40 per cent. Colony counts were comparable 

to 1967 (Table 12).

LAKE HURON DISTRICT 

MILES 

20 10 0 20 

1--I 

40 


Areas where infestations were observed in 1968 

Legend 

Heavy infestations 

Medium infestations

B 45 

TABLE 12 




Average height Av. no. colonies Per cent of . Degree of 

Location of trees per infested tree trees infested infestation 

(township) in feet 1966 1967 1968 in 1968 in 1968 

11111.1.90 

Amabel 7 

Nassagaweya 6 

Sullivan 12 

Eramosa 6 

Stanley 10 

E. Wawanosh 12 

2.2 

7 2 1.4 

1 2 1.2 

1.0 

2 2 1.0 

14 2 1.0 

85 

33 

28 

84 

16 

4 

Light 

Vt 

It 

if 

9, 

Trace 

White Pine Weevil .. Pissodes strobi Peck. 

No major change in numbers of this insect was observed in the district 

as a whole in 1968. A medium infestation occurred in a small private 

plantation south of Harrison Lake in Sullivan Township where 16 per cent 

of white pine leaders were damaged. The incidence of infested trees declined 

at five permanent sample plots (Table 13). 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Shoot Damage by the White Pine Weevil in Plantations at Five Points 



Location Av. d.b.h. of sample Per cent of trees infested 

(township) trees in inches 1966 1967 1968 

Glenelg 5 40 33 8 

Culross 3 24 8 7 

Kinloss 2 6 2 

Brant 6 2 3 0 

Sullivan 1 1 2

B46 


Populations of the larch sawfly increased at several locations in 

the district. A medium to heavy infestation continued for the second 

consecutive year in the Foulds Tract in S. Dumfries Township where 

defoliation of European larch increased from 30 per cent in 1967 to 

50 per cent in 1968. Population increases also occurred on European 

larch in the Minto Tract in Minto Township, and on tamarack in Albemarle 

Township where light to moderate defoliation was observed on small 

groups of trees. Light defoliation of scattered tamarack trees 

continued at Bells Lake in Holland Township. Small numbers of colonies 

were found at several other locations in the district. 

European Fine Shoot Moth, 

ionia buoliana (Schiff.) 

In 1968 a new medium infestation of this insect was observed on a 

group of roadside Scots pine at the junction of highways 4.01 and 19 in 

West Oxford Township. The number of infested shoots on ten sample trees 

was estimated at 37 per cent. Small numbers of infested shoots occurred 

on red pine in the Sandy Hill Tract in Woolwich Township and on Scots 

pine in a small private plantation at Roseville in North Dumfries 

Township. No shoot moths were observed in the Kiawanis Plantation in 

Keppel Township where 2.3 per cent of the shoots sampled in 1967 were 

infested. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Lake Huron District in 1968 


Acleris variana Fern. wS Light population increase; 

highest count 31 larvae per 15— 

try sample in W. Garafraxa Twp. 

Acrobasis betulella Hlst. w13 

Acronicta ovata Grt. 

Numerous on a group of small trees, 

Erin Twp. 

Small numbers in beating samples 

Adelges abietis Linn. 


Altica ulmi Woods 

nS, wS Heavy on several trees, Beverly 

Twp., small numbers Eramosa Twp. 

siM Small numbers 

wE Pockets of light to moderate leaf 

skeletonizing common in Beverly 

Twp.

E 47 



Anchylopera burgessiana Zell. 

Anisota rubicunda Fabr. 


wO, r0 Light to moderate population on 

numerous trees ; S. Dumfries Twp. 

siM One colony 

ScP ; JP General population increase; 

wP light to medium infestations 

observed in Keppel, Sullivan, 

Amabel, Blenheim and Beverly 

twps. 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch ecCh General population decline; small 

numbers of scattered colonies in 

SaugeenTwp. 

Argo pectoralis Leach 

Campea perlata Gn. 

wB Small numbers of colonies 

at several locations 

W Small numbers 

Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. JP, ScP, A light infestation persisted for 

rP the fourth consecutive year in 

Kiawanis Plantation, Keppel Twp. 

Several lightly infested trees, 

Sullivan Twp. 

Cincticornia pilulae Walsh wO Small numbers 

Coleophora serratella Linn. Haw Small numbers 

Coleophora ulmifoleilla McD. wE Small numbers 

Datana ministra Dru. wE Moderate to severe defoliation of 

scattered young trees along Highway 

97 in E. Zorra and Blandford twps. 

Depressaria betulella Busck. wB Light infestation at one location 

in Erin Twp. 

Dioryctria disclusa Heinr. ScP The number of infested cones 

declined to 26 per cent on a group 

of Scots pine in Amabel Township 

where high incidence of infested 

cones was reported in 1967

B 48 



Dioryctria reniculella Grt. wS 

Small numbers in association 

with spruce budworm 

Diprion frutetorum F. 

ScP, wP 

Population remained at a low 

level; highest count 14 larvae 

per 15—beating tray sample in 

Amabel Twp. 

Ectoedemia populella Busck. tA 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. wB 

Erranis tiliaria Harr. sM, Ba, 

wE 

Eupithecia filmata Pears. wS 

Exoteleia dodecella Linn. ScP 

Small numbers, Beverly Twp. 

Thirty—five per cent of leaves 

infested in an extensive stand 

of young birch in St. Edmunds 

Twp. Light populations at 

several locations on Bruce 

Peninsula and in Collingwood 

Twp. 

Light to medium infestation in 

St. Vincent Twp., defoliation 

confined to understory trees 

Small numbers in beating samples 

Populations low throughout the 

district; 1.6 per cent of buds 

infested at Roseville, N. Dumfires 

Twp. 

Fenusa pusilla Lep. 

wB Light to medium incidence of leaf 

mining in Inverhuron Park, Bruce 

Township, at Red Bay in Albemarle 

Twp. and in Amabel Twp. 

Halisidota caryae Harr. Hi 

Heterarthrus nemoratus Fall. wB 

Hydria prunivorata Ferg. bCh 

Hypagyrtis piniata Pack. wS 

One colony 

Light incidence, St. Edmunds Twp. 

One heavily infested tree, 

Colborne Twp. 

Small numbers in Spruce plots

B 49 


dal0Na9.4.00.0 

Insect Host (s) Remarks 

■069{8.0.{.0WOMIX707,140 

Hyphantria cunea Dru. wE l W 

Populations remained low; 

single scattered colonies in 

Glenelg, W. Garafraxa, and 

Brant twps. 

Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn. 

Lithocolletis caryaefoliella 

Clem. 


Clem. 

tA 

Hi 

r0, w0 

Scale insects numerous on one 

small tree, Puslinch Twp. 

Small numbers at one location, 

S. Dumfries Twp. 

Severe leaf mining throughout 

a five acre white oak plantation 

in Esquesing Township and 

on small scattered groups of 

white and red oak in Oakland 

and S. Dumfries twps. 

Lithocolletis ostryaella Cham. I 

High incidence throughout a large 

woodlot in Burlington Twp., small 

numbers in N. Dumfries Twp, 

Lithocolletis robiniella 

Clem. 



Nematus fulvicrus Prov. 

Nematus salicisodoratus Dyar 

Neodiprion abietis complex 



Schedl. 

b. locust Small numbers E. Zorra Twp. 

Six female and 63 male adult 

moths collected in light trap 

eCe Small numbers in beating 

samples, Belle Lake 

W Scattered colonies 

Several lightly infested trees, 

Kincardine Twp. 

bF Small numbers of colonies at 

Bells Lake, Glenelg Twp. 

rP One colony, Waterloo Twp. 

rP Several colonies on fringe trees, 

Amabel Twp.

B 50 




Roh. 

Nyctoela frigidana Wlk. 


JP 

Colonies more common than in 

1967; highest count 13 colonies 

on 10 sample trees in Hewgill 

Tract, Euphrasia Twp. 

Small numbers 

Heavy infestations of mites on 

small plantings in Peel Twp. 

Ortholepis pasadamia Dyar wB Small numbers 

Parandra brunnea Fab. 

siPo This rare woodborer found in an 

old log, Kincardine Twp. 

Parectopa robiniella C1 

em. b. locust Leaf miners numerous throughout 

a plantation, W. Garafraxa Twp. 

Phyllocolpa sp. 

tA, W Leaf folders common in Holland 

Twp. 


Pikonema dimockii Cress. 

wS 

wS 

Population at a low level 


Small numbers in beating 

samples 

Pleroneura borealis Felt. bF Small numbers 

Prof enusa thomsoni Konow wB Light incidence, St. Edmunds Twp. 

Proleucoptera albella Chain. cPo Small numbers of leaf miners, 


Psilocorsis fletcherella Gibs, tA 

Pulicalvaria abietisella Pack. He 

Pulicalvaria macleodi Free. 

Pulicalvaria piceaella Kft. wS 

Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar 

Small numbers at several widely 

scattered locations 

Light to medium incidence of 

mined needles on a group of trees 

in Puslinch Twp. 

Severe needle mining on numerous 

trees in one row of spruce 

plantings in Rockton Tract, 

Beverly Twp. 

Colonies occur in the southwestern 

section of Kincardine

B 51 



Host (s) 

Remarks 

Rhynchaenus rufipes Lee. 

Sciaphila duplex Wlshm. 

Semiothisa bisignata 

tA 

nS 

Severe leaf mining on several 

clumps, St. Edmunds Twp. 

Light population in the Elora 

Gorge area , Filkington Twp. 

Small numbers 

Spilonota lariciana Heinr. eL 

Symmerista canicosta Francl. wO 

Tetralopha asperatella Clem. sM 

Thera juniperata L. 

Zeiraphera canadensis wS 

Mut. & Free. 

Small numbers common throughout 

the district 

Light population at one locations 


Light population in association 

with maple trumpet skeletonizers 

Colborne Twp. 

Light populations at several 

sampling points 

A medium infestation continued 

for the fourth consecutive year 

on open grown trees in St. Edmunds 

Township where 22 per cent of 

examined shoots were infested at 

one sample point. Small numbers 

of damaged shoots in Sandy Hill 

Tract , Woolwich Twp.

SOUTH—CENTRAL FORE T REGION 


INTRODUCTION 

STATUS OF TREE DIS 

(Regional) 

Page 

Dutch Elm Disease . ... . Ceratocystis ulmi 

Ink Spot of Aspen . . Ciborinia whetzelii 

Sweet—fern Blister Rust . . 0 Cronartium comptoniae 

C1 

C 2 

C 2 

White Pine Blister Rust 

0 . 0 . 0 Cronartium ribicola 

C 3 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar 0 0 . 0 • Hypoxylon mammatum 

Scleroderris Canker of Pine . Scleroderris lagerbergii 

A Needle Blight of White Pine 

Discolouration of White Pine Foliage 0 . 0.0 00000 9 0 

Summary of Miscellaneous Diseases . . 0 . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 

C4 

C 5 

C5 

C5 

C5

INTRODUCTION 

South-central Forest Region 

The following report summarizes the status of insects and tre diseas 

conditions in the North Bay, Pembroke and Parry Sound forest districts. As 

in recent years, tree diseases are dealt with regionally and insects are 

reported on a district basis. 

New methods of evaluating tree disease conditions were initiated in 1968. 

This resulted in the accumulation of more precise information on prevalence 

and damage which are referred to as "incidence" and "infection" levels in this 

report. Emphasis was also placed on obtaining information on a specific group 

of disease organisms. Generally, foliage diseases occurred at relatively low 

levels throughout the region, particularly spruce and jack pine needle rusts. 

White pine blister rust and Hypoxylon canker of poplar caused appreciable 

damage and infection levels of the Dutch elm disease continued to increase. 

Increases in spruce budworm populations were recorded in all districts, 

with pockets of heavy infestation in the southeastern part of the Pembroke 

District. Heavy infestations of the jack-pine budworm occurred at Petawawa 

and in the vicinity of Lake Traverse, Pembroke District; in the Still River 

French River area in Parry Sound District and at several points in the southwestern 

part of the North Bay District. A spectacular infestation of the 

saddled prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta caused severe defoliation of a wide 

variety of deciduous tree species over an extensive area in the Parry Sound 

and Pembroke districts, on the other hand, forest tent caterpillar populations 

declined to trace levels in all districts. Pine sawflies continued to cause 

localized damage at many points through the region. 

A total of 675 insect and disease samples were submitted and over 25 

extension and service calls were answered during the field season. Short 

instruction courses were given to junior forest rangers at 14 camps and ten 

days were spent assisting forest research officers. 

The assistance and co-operation extended by personnel of the Department 

of Lands and Forests is gratefully acknowledged by the writers. 

L. S. MacLeod

C 1 

Dutch Elm Disease, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau 

This disease continued to cause considerable mortality of elm trees in 

all districts of the region. Since the organism has been recorded in the 

region for several years, distribution surveys were confined to areas, in the 

North Bay District where positive samples had not been obtained previously. 

No extension of areas of infection was observed in 1968. 

Quantitative surveys were carried out at 15 locations to assess incidence 

and infection levels of the disease (Table 1). This table contains only 

current incidence and mortality for 1967 and 1968. 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Incidence and Level of Infection of the Dutch Elm Diseas 

at Fifteen Points in the South-central Region in 1968 

731 

Location 

Tree height 

in feet 

Incidence 

in per cent 

Level of infection 

North Bay District 

North Bay 75 12 Moderate 

Sturgeon Falls 80 20 

Verner 60 4 Light 

River Valley 60 2 ft 

Warren 90 16 Moth, ate 

Parry Sound District 

- 

Monck Twp, 

65 

45 

Heavy 

McLean Twp. 

IV 

50 

37 

Sinclair Twp. 65 if 

53 

Chaffey Twp. 60 ft 

45 

Stephenson Twp. 70 

- - - - - - 

Patterson Twp. 40 47 It 

North himsworth Twp. 55 63 if 

Pembroke District 

Pembroke (town) 

60 

90 

Heavy 

Pembroke Twp. 

80 

ft 

34 

Stafford Twp. 70 50 ft

C2 

Ink Spot of Aspen, Ciborinia whetzelii (Seaver) Seaver 

Although this disease was widely distributed throughout the region in 

1968, in most instances levels of infection were low (Table 2). 

In the North Bay District evaluations showed trace levels of infection 

in four sample areas, however, light and moderate infection levels wer 

recorded on trembling aspen reproduction in Thistle and Briggs townships 

where 15 and 30 per cent respectively of the foliage of 40 sample tree 

showed symptoms of the disease . 

In the Parry Sound and Pembroke districts trace levels of infection 

were noted at all sample points. 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Infection Levels of the Ink Spot of Aspen at Nine Point 

in the South-central Region in 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Area affected 

(acres) 

Level of 

infection 


Gillies Limit tA 100 Trace 

Firstbrook 200 

McNish 200 

Briggs 100 Moderate 

Thistle 

I 

100 Light 

Bastedo 200 Trace 


Wilberforce tA 10 Trace 

Airy 


Morrison tA 150 Trac 

Sweet-fern Blister Rust ,, Cronartium comptoniae Arth. 

This stem canker was widely distributed through jack pine stands in th 

North Bay District in 1968. Evaluations made at three locations where the 

disease was abundant are summarized in Table 3. 

Although collected in past year in the Parry Sound and Pembroke district s, 

no serious damage to jack pine trees was noted in 1968.

4 

TABLE 

C 3 

TABLE 3 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of the Sweet Fern Blister Rust 

in the North Bay District 

Location 

(township) 

Area 

Av. height of infected Incidence Level if 

Tree sp. trees in feet (acres) (per cent) infection 

Gillies Limit jP 45 20 47 Hea 

Coleman 50 20 27 

Dana 55 25 55 

VI 

White Pine Blister Rust , Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer 

Varying degrees of branch and stem mortality was caused by this rust in 

white pine stands in the region. High levels of infection were recorded at 

several points in the North Bay District (Table 4). At one location in the 

Parry Sound District 73 per cent of understory trees were infected. Th (=.; 

rust was widely distributed through the Pembroke District , mostly at trace 

levels in 1968. 


at Eight Points in the South-central Region s, 1968 

Location 

Tree height 

in feet 

Incidence 

in per cent 

AR.E.BaR 

Level of 

infection 


McLaren Twp. 80 17 Moderate 

Papineau Lake 80 55 Heavy 

Papineau Twp. 75 42 

Thistle Twp. 80 32 

V! 


French River 75 20 Moderate 

Grundy Lake 60 16 

118 


Bronson Twp. 24 2 Trac 

Petawawa Twp. 20 6 

'P

C4 


This canker of trembling aspen and to a lesser degree of largetooth 

aspen occurs commonly throughout the region. Surveys revealed varying 

degrees of intensity at seven sample points in the North Bay Parry Sound 

and Pembroke districts (Table 5). 

The disease was common in poplar stands throughout the North Bay 

District. Stands evaluated in Fir ,; tbrook and Bastedo townships showed 

incidence of 37 and 70 per cent respectively. However recent mortality 

was light. 

In the Parry Sound District moderate to heavy infection levels were 

recorded in three sample areas and mortality of infected trees in the past 

year was generally low. 

Low to moderate infection levels were recorded at some locations in 

the Pembroke District but no extensive mortality was observed. 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Incidence and Level, of Infection of the Hypoxylon Canker 

of Poplar at Seven Points in the South—central Region, 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Tree height 

in feet 

Incidence in 

per cent 

Level of 

infection 


Firstbrook 45 37 H 

Bastedo 70 70 H 


Franklin 

3 35 H 

Mowat 30 33 H 

Boulter 40 28 H 


Alice 45 7 M 

Fraser 40 3

CS 

Scleroderris Canker of Pine, Scleroderris lagerbergii Gremmen 

Heavy infection of red and jack pine trees persisted in a plantation 

in French Township, North Bay District. Some mortality of fringe trees 

occurred at this location where incidence was 85 per cent in 1968. In the 

Pembroke District no new mortality or symptoms of the organism were observed 

in the sample plots in Alice, Guthrie, Hagarty and Murchison township. The 

pathogen has not been collected in the Parry Sound District, 

A Needle Blight of White Pine 

For the second consecutive year this physiogenic condition caused 

conspicuous discolouration of white pine foliage at many points in the 

Pembroke District. The condition, which injures the semi-mature tissue 

of white pine needles and causes the distal part of the needles to die, 

caused varying degrees of injury in the northern part of Algonquin Park 

and along the Ottawa River between Rolphton and Mattawa, No affected 

trees were observed in the North Bay and Parry Sound districts in 1968. 

Discolouration of White Pine Foliage 

Conspicuous discolouration of white pine foliage was observed at many 

locations in the North Bay District in the spring of 1968. The condition 

was particularly apparent in the Marten River and Timagami areas. Sampling 

of affected trees failed to reveal the presence of disease organisms. 

TABLE 6 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the South-central Region, 19 



Alternaria tenuis Nees 


(d By.) Arn, 

rP, wP 

JP, rM, 

rP, scP 

Commonly associated with diseased 

tissue at two locations in the 

Pembroke District and at one 

-location in the Parry Sound 

District 

Comm n on numerous hosts throughout 

the region 

Birch Dieback yB This condition caused by heavy 

seeding in 1967 was present in 

varying degres at several points 

in Pembroke and North Bay 

districts 

Bothrodiscus pinicola Shear bF Dead twigs common on occasional 

trees near Huntsville, Parry Sound 

District

c6 


9.1CM.11.3.5.73=091, 


Chrysomyxa sp. 

Clavaria sp. 

Cryptodiaporthe salicina 

(Curr.) Wehm. 

Cytospora friesii Sacs. 

Daedalea unicolor (Bull.) 

ex Fr. 

Epicocuum nigrum Link 

Epicocuum sp. 

Erwinia amylovora (Burr) 

Winsl, et al. 

Eutypella parasitica 

Davidson and Lorenz 

Fusarium oxysporum (Sheld) 

Snyder and Hansen 

Fusarium sp. 

bS 

jP 

tA 

bF 

bCh 

tA 

jP 

rM 

tA 

jP 

Trace infection levels in Gillis 

Limits, Barr and Coleman townships, 


Common on forest floor under jack 

pine stands through North Bay 

District 

Light mortality of reproduction 

trembling aspen common at one 

location, Pembroke District 

Light infection on twigs and 

needles at one location, 


Associated with dead stem on this 

host at one location Parry Sound 

District 

Causing depression and swelling 

of stems of this host at one 

location, Parry Sound District 

Common at one location in 

Bonfield Township, North Bay 

District 

Fireblight semen with- areas- of 

severe infection at many locations 

through North Bay District 

Occasional trees cankered in 

Buchanan Twp., Pembroke District 

Common at one location in the 


Light infection on occasional 

trees at one loc tion s, North Bay 

District 

Fusiccocum sp. rM Found at one location in the 

Parry Sound District

C7 



Ganoderma applanatum tA Dead trees lightly infected at 

var. Brownii (Murr.) 

one location , Pembroke District 

Humph. and Le 

Gelasionospora tetrasperma scP Common in Stratton Twp. , Pembroke 

Dowding 

District 

Hericium erinaceus (Bull. r0 Occasional trees lightly infected 

ex Fr.) Pers. 

at one location s, Pembroke District 

Hormodendron Sp. rM Light infection on reproduction 

near Dwight, Parry Sound District 

Meladerma desmazierii (Duby) 

Darker 

Melampsora medusae Thuem. 

tL 

Common in Hagarty Twp • 


Needle rust common on roadside 

trees in Perry and Armour twps. 


Microdiplodia sp. rM 

Light infection at one location 


Micropera sp. 

Haw, 

Hawthorn severely infected at 

several locations near Bracebrigde, 


Phomaceae sp. rM 

Pollaccia saliciperda 

(Allesch. and Tub.) Aix 

Polyporous adustus Willd. lA 

ex Fr. 

Common in Finlayson Twp., 


------- Occasional willow shrubs infected 

thro ugh Pembroke District 

On occasional trees in Buchanan Twp.9 


Polyporous betu nus Bull. 

ex Fr. 

Polyporous biformis Fr. 

wB 

tA 

Common on dead trees Buchanan Twp., 


Common on butte of recently cut 

trees at one location Parry Sound 

District

C 8 


Organism 

1,72,1810MCM 

Host(s) 

Remarks 

Polyporous hirsutus Wulf 

ex Fr. 

Polyporous paragamenus Fr. 

1A 

1A 

These pathogens collected 

commonly through large aspen 

Polyporous pubescens Schum 1A stand in Buchanan Townships 

ex Fr. 

Polyporous versicolor L. 1A Pembroke District 

ex Fr. 

Polyporous volvatus Pk. iP Collected on occasional trees in 

Rolph Twp. , Pembroke District 

Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth. bF 

Rhytisma acerinum (Pers. ex rM 

Saint Amans) Fr. 

Rhytisma salicinum (Pers.) Fr. 

Fringe trees lightly infected at 

one location , Parry Sound 

District 

Low incidence of tar spot at all 

sample locations through the 


Severe infection on numerous 

trees in Bromley Twp., 


Sclerophoma pithyophila 

(Cda.) Hoehn. 

rF , JP 

Common on young trees in Rolph 

and Buchanan Twps., Pembroke 

District and on understory trees 

in Franklin Twp. , Parry Sound 

-District 

Scoleconectria curcurbitula 

(Tode ex Fr.) Booth 

Thronectria balsamea 

(Cke. and Pk.) Seeler 

bF 

Common on seedlings in Wylie Twp, 

Pembroke District and on branches 

of dead trees in Muskoka Twp., 


Light infection at one location, 


Valsa pini (Alb. and Schw.) Fr. scP , bF 

wP 

Occasional branches severely 

infected at one location Stratton 

Twp., Pembroke District and on 

occasional trees at two locations 

Parry Sound District

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE NORTH BAY DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm , 

O « 9 ® 0 

Choristoneura fumiferana 

C. 9 

Jack-pine Budworm 

*» • * « 9 9 • 

Choristoneura pinus pinus 

C 9 

-larch Casebearer © 

» a. 0 # 

Coleophora laricella 

C 10 

Cone Beetles • # # 

• © # • • # « * * • 

Conophthorus coniperda and 

Conophthorus resinosae 

C 1© 

European Spruce Sawfly * • • • # 

Birch Leaf Miner ****•» * • 

American Aspen Leaf Beetle • « # 

Forest Tent Caterpillar

C9 


A pronounced increase in population levels of the spruce budworm was 

evident in 1968. Larvae were numerous on white spruce in Badgerow Township 

where a few trees were lightly infested in 1967. Open-grown and fring 

balsam fir trees were heavily defoliated at two locations in Crerar Township 

and lightly defoliated trees were observed at many locations in the southern 

part of the district (Table 7). Few budworms were found in the northern 

part of the district except at one location in Coleman Township. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Larval Counts Made at Eight Locations 

in the North Bay District, 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

Total no, of larvae per 

15-tray sample,, 

Caldwell wS 20 6 

Springer wS 20 26 

Bastedo wS 10 27 

Ratter bF 4 14 

Crerar 

Badgerow 

bF 

wS 

Papineau wS 6 

Coleman wS 14 

33 

3 

8 

29 

116 

Sequential sampling in Crerar and Badgerow townships in the fall of 1968 

showed 32 and 3 per cent defoliation of balsam fir and white spruce respectively. 

Population forecasts, based on the number of egg masses found in quantitative 

samples indicate that no major increase in population levels will occur in 1969. 


Little change in jack-pine budworm population level e was observed in 196$. 

Small pockets of severe defoliation occurred at many locations in Caldwell, 

MacPherson, Loudon, Falconer , Latchford and Haddo townships in the West Arm 

area of Lake Njpteajrg (see map). Light infestations occurred at several 

points in Dunnet, Casimir, Ratter and Kirkpatrick townships. The ins et was 

found commonly at many other locations through the district but populations 

ware generally low and little defoliation resulted (Table 8).

C 10 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Jack-pine Budworm Larval., Counts Made at Four Points 

in the North Bay District in 1968 

Notes 

Counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch 

tips from each of four jack pine trees at each point. 

ssssssas 

Location Av. d.b.H. of sample 

(township) trees in inches Total number of Larvae 

Caldwell 6 38 

MacPherson 6 43 

Falconer 4 18 

Latchford 4 68 

Larch Casebearer,^^^^^^ laricella Hbn. 

The following summary shows a declining trend in Larch casebearer 

population levels in the district for the period 1966 to 1968. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts at Five Points 

in the North Bay District, 1966-1968 

Notes 

Counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch 

tips from each of four trees at each point. 

Location 

(township) 

Av. j C* 0 d.b.h. of sample 

eeci in inches 

Total 

Larvae 

Mattawan 

Pedley 

Widdifield 

Gillies Limit 

Strathcona 

4 

6 

4 

4 

4 

16 

16 

137 

211 

3JoS>* 'W 

32 

18 

50 

51 

22 

15 

c 

24 

3 

,] 

Cone Beetles, conophthorus coniperda (Schz.) and 

Conophthorus resinosae Hopk. 

Damage caused by these cone beetles was observed at numerous 

1968. High numbers persisted in parts of the townships of strathy 

and Briggs along the Northeast Arm of Lake Timagami and at North Bay 

Bay and West Bay on Lake Nipissing. As in past years, damage was . 

confined to mature and over-mature red and white pine trees.

NORTH BAY DISTRICT 

!LUCKE 

RORKE 

KITTSON COLEMAN 

L.tchr rd 

BRIGSIOCKE 

ILL/ES 

MIT 

It 

LORRAIN 

Balm° 

SOUTH 

LORRAIN 

ARMAGH!D. 

WMGE MERE 

YATES 

Li IL, 

MANTLE 

OLI VE MINE 

21112111 

ANGUS 

HOBBS 

SISK KENNY 

THISTLE 

11112111010OL 

BASTED° 

II "AN MEE j"K° 

MYTH MULOCK FRENCH 

EMU 

BUTLER 

BEAUCAGE 

.44 

SPRINGER 

WIODIFIE ^ MNG AMMWM 

Fails 

JACK-PINE BUDWORM 

MILES 

O 20 40 

Area where infestations 

occurred in 1968 

Legend 

Light infestation

C 11 


Minor fluctuations in population levels of this introduced sawfly have 

been recorded in the district for several years (Table 10). The insect 

was recovered in low numbers from most white spruce stands examined in 1968. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts Made from White Spruce Trees 

at Six Points in the North Bay District from 1966 to 1968 

Location 

(township) 



.21.,*31=2.•11330{10 

Total number of larvae 

per 15—tray sample 

1966 1967 1968 

French 

47 48 99 

Springer 7 51 46 52 

Ratter 7 48 81 32 

MacPherson 28 36 24 

Papineau 8 21 58 79 

Coleman 6 21 49 


Severe mining of the foliage of small white birch trees occurred at 

numerous locations in the district in 1968. Small, open-grown and fringe 

trees were heavily attacked but little damage to trees over 15 feet in 

height was observed. This apparent preference for small trees is reflected 

in the following tabular data (Table 11). Leaves of ornamental birch were 

severely mined at many locations in the city of North Bay.

C 12 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Birch Leaf Miner Larval Counts Made at Four Locations 


Note Counts were based on the examination of 100 white birch leaves 

taken at random from each location. 

Location 

(township) 



Per cent of leaves mined 

Bonfield 2 100 

4 3 

Strathcona 2 40 

4 0 

Badgerow 2 23 

3 6 

Caldwell 2 14 

3 4 

American Aspen Leaf Beetle, Gonioctena americana (Schaef.) 

The heavy infestations of this insect which occurred in the northwestern 

part of the district in 1967 subsided in 1968. Light defoliation of the 

upper crowns of small, fringe trembling aspen trees was observed at many 

points in Coleman, Barr and Firstbrook townships where severe defoliation 

occurred in 1967. Groups of lightly infested trees were also observed in 

Gibbons and Crerar townships near River Valley. 

Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn. 

A remnant of the forest tent caterpillar infestation north of 

Lake Nipissing declined to trace levels in 1968. Although sufficient egg 

bands to indicate that severe defoliation would occur at several locations 

the hatch was not successful and little defoliation resulted. A few colonies 

of the caterpillars were observed in East Ferris Township and single, wandering 

larvae were observed in North Bay. 


Heavy infestations of this sawfly occurred at several locations in 

Calvin, Papineau and Mattawan townships in 1968. In the infested areas the 

upper section of the crown of fifty foot balsam-fir trees was severely 

defoliated. Small, open-grown trees in woodlots in Lauder and Badgerow 

townships were lightly infested. Quantitative sampling was completed at 

four locations before larval colonies merged (Table 12).

C 13 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Balsam-fir Larval Colony Counts at Four Points 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 balsam-fir trees 

at each location 

Location 


(township) trees in inches Total number of colonies 

Papineau 7 56 

Calvin 4 154 

Lauder 3 42 

Mattawan 5 170 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch.) 

Populations of this sawfly declined to trace levels in 1968. Scattered 

colonies were observed on young red pine trees in McLaren Township near 

Marten River and at several points in the former townships of Widdifield and 

West Ferris near North Bay. 

Red-pine Sawfly, Neodi prion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

Little change in population levels of the red-pine sawfly occurred in 

1968. Colonies were found commonly in most stands examined throughout the 

district. Small trees were lightly defoliated at many locations D particularly 

in the southwestern part of the district and on shorelines and islands in 

Lake Nipissing and Lake Timagami (Table 13). 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Red-pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts at Five Points 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 trees at each point. 

Location 

(township) 

Host 



Total number 

of colonies 

Calvin rP 4 11 

MacPherson jP 

3 26 

Loudon jP 3 16 

Haddo jP 3 38 

Joan rP 3 56

C14 


The European pine sawfly was recovered in the district for the first 

time in 1968 when larvae were found on ornamental Mugho pine shipments 

from southern Ontario. Intensive surveys failed to reveal the sawfly 

outside the city of North Bay. 

Swaine Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion swainei (Midd.) 

Heavy infestations of this jack-pine sawfly persisted on several small 

islands in Timagami and Rabbit lakes. Although the areas of infestation 

were small, defoliation was severe at these locations. Scattered colonies 

were observed at several points along the West Arm of Lake Nipissing and in 

woodlots in the vicinity of Lavigne. 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion virginianus complex 

A general increase in population levels of this sawfly occurred in 1968. 

Colonies were found in most jack pine stands examined and small trees were 

lightly defoliated at numerous locations (Table 14). Heavy defoliation of 

small groups of trees was observed in Sisk, Haddo and McLaren townships. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts at Six Points 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 jack pine trees 

at each point. 

Location 

(township) 



Total number of colonies 

Barr 4 11 

Gladman 46 

Sisk 3 24 

Haddo 4 15 

Loudon 3 21 

French 3 46 

White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

The white pine weevil continued to cause considerable damage to white 

pine reproduction in cut-over areas on the Sturgeon, Obabika and Yorston 

river watersheds and at many locations in Papineau, Calvin and Bonfield 

townships. Damage at six locations is shown in Table 15.

C 15 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White Pine Weevil at Six Points 



Location Tree Av. height of sample Per cent of trees 

(township) species trees in feet weevilled in 1968 

Widdifield wP 7 26 

Gillies Limit jP 12 5 

Kirkpatrick wS 5 4 

Seagram wP 4 15 

Clary wP 9 21 

Papineau wP 11 24 


Minor changes in population levels of the larch sawfly occurred in 1968. 

Fringe trees in small stands around North Bay and in Falconer, Loudon and 

Haddo townships were lightly defoliated. Scattered colonies were observed 

in most stands examined but defoliation was negligible in the central and 

northern parts of the district. 

Amber Marked Birch Leaf Miner , Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

This leaf miner was found in most white birch stands in the district in 

1968. Population levels were relatively low as indicated by an average of 

seven per cent of the foliage mined at six sample locations. In most instances 

the leaf miner Lithocolletis betulivora was found in association with 

Profenusa thomsoni, 

Poplar Leaf Roller,Pseudexentera oregonana 

Population levels of this leaf roller continued to decline in 1968. 

Small pockets of light defoliation were observed in the vicinity of Field 

and River Valley and at scattered points in Bonfield , East Ferris and 

Kirkpatrick townships.

C 16 

TABLE 16 

summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the North Bay District 

Organism Host(s) Remark 

Acleris variana Fern. wS, bF Small numbers from Phelps, Sisk, 

Springer, Bastedo and East Ferris 

twps, 

Acrobasis betulella Hlst. 

wB Common at several points in 

MacPherson and Strathcona twps. 

Adelges strobilobius Kalt. bS 

Anacampsis innoculella Zell. 1A 

Heavily infested trees at numerous 

locations 

Common on this host in Joan and 

East Ferris twps. 

Anchylopera burgessiana Wlk. 

r0 Numerous at one point in 

South Lorrain Twp. 

Anchylopera discigerana Wlk. wB, yB 

Common in district in 1968 


jP , scP 

wP , wS 

Numerous at many locations 

Archippus packardianus Fern. wS 

Archippus strianus Fern. wS 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch. Cherry 

Archips fervidanus Clem, 

Argyresthia aureoargentella ewC 

Brower. 

Argyresthia laricella Kft. tL 

Argyrotaenia pinatubana Kft. wP 

Low numbers at widely-separated 

points 

Low numbers at widely-separated 

points 

Heavily infested shrubs at many 

points 

Several colonies in Mattawan Twp. 

Heavy mining of foliage in the 

vicinity of Lake Timagami 

A few infested shoots at each point 

examined 

Low numbers at most locations 

Badbecia urticana Hbn. tA2 wB Small numbers from several points

C 17 



Brachys aerosus Melsh. tA One collection from Springer Twpo 

Bucculatrix canadensisella wB Low numbers at one point in 

Cham. 

Casimir Twp. 

Caripeta divisata Wlk, 

Small numbers from Papineau , French 

and Coleman twps. 

Cecidomyia reeksi Bock. jp Common through the southern part 


Choristoneura rosaceana Harr, wB, Al 

Widely distributed through district 

Coleophora innotabilis Braun 

tA, bPo Low numbers of casebearers in 

central part of district 

Compsolechia niveopulvella 

Chain. 

1A , tA 

Common through district , usually in 

association with other leaf rollers 

Dasineura balsamicola Lintn. 

bF Single and small groups of trees 

heavily infested at many locations 

Depressaria groteella Rob, Ha 


Common through district 

Common in Coleman and Bucke twps0 

and in southwestern part of district 


wB Heavily infested trees at several 

locations 

Eriocraniidae 

Eriophyes populi Nal. 

Eucordylea resinosae Free. 

Exoteleia pinifoliella 

(Cham.) 

wB 

tA 

rP 

jP 

Leaf miners common at several 

points in Haddo and Loudon twps 

Widely distributed in aspen stands 

Numerous on open—grown trees in 

Widdifield and East Ferris twps. 

Groups of lightly infested trees 

in southern part of district 

Fenusa dohrnii (Tischb.) 

Gonioctena notmani (Schaef.) 

Al Common in the northern part 

of district 

Light defoliation of fringe treee 

in Strathy and Best twps.

C 18 


Organism 

Host(s) 

Remarks 

Heterarthrus nemoratus 

(Fall.) 

Hydriomena divisaria Wlk. 


Lithocolletis Cham. salicifoliella 

Malacosoma americanum (F.) 

Malacosoma californicum 

pluviale (Dyar.) 

Meroptera pravella Grt. 

Monoctenus fulvus (Nort.) 



Nematus salicisodoratus Dyar 

Neodprion pratti banksianae 

Roh. 

Nymphalis antiopa Linn. 

Ocnerostoma strobivorum Free. 


Petrova albicapitana Busck. 

wB 

bF wS 

wB, W 

tA 

Ch 

Ch 

tA 

ewC 

tA 

JP 

tA , W 

wP 

wS 

JP 

Mors common than in recent years, 

particularly in the central part 

of district 

Common in samples from plots 

Several colonies along Highway 11 

in Marten River and Tilden Lake 

areas 

Populations very low for several 

years 

Populations declined in 1968. 

Mile roadside counts in East Ferris, 

MacPherson and Springer twps. were 

8 6 and 2 respectively 

Scattered colonies common in 

northwestern part of district 

Low numbers through district 

Small numbers from most cedar 

trees examined 

Occasional colonies at 

widely-separated locations 

Scattered colonies at two points 

Several colonies in Gillies Limit 

and Best twps. 

Five colonies in Bonfield Twp. 

Lightly defoliated trees at several 

locations 

Common at several locations in 

Gillies Limit Twp. 

Severely defoliated ornamentals 

in North Bay 

Varying degrees of infestation 

in most jack pine stands

I .7,e DE M.1,11},fw rff 

C 19 


...... • • . • • • 

Organism Host(*) Remarks 

Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) jP 

Phyllocolpa populi (Marl.) 1A 

Heavily infested trees at widely— 

separated locations 

Lightly infested trees at many 

points through district 


bPo 

Common on this host , particularly 

on small trees in Thistle and 

Sisk twps. 


wS bS Severe defoliation of windbreaks 

near Verner and Hagar 

Pineus pinifoliae Fitch 

wP 

Single trees heavily infested at 

many locations 

Pleroneura borealis Felt 

Priophorus salicivorus Roh. 

bF Bery low levels in 1968 

One collection from Best Twp. 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) Mo Heavily defoliated trees at many 

points. Second generation larvae 

observed in September 

Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

wS,„ bS Observed in varying numbers 

in most stands examined 

Rhyacionia adana Heinr. 

Rhyacionia busckana Heinr. rP, jP Small numbers at many points 

Rhyacionia sonia Miller 

Schizura concinna A. & S. 

Semiothisa dispuncta Talk. 

W Se Fewer colonies observed than 

in recent years 

bF, wS Common at sample stations 

Toumeyella numismaticum 

P. McD. 


Mut. and Free. 

jP 

Single trees and small groups 

of trees heavily infested at 

many points in the district 

Common through the southern part 

of the district

C 20 


Organism 

faIZMII.pelatala* 

Host(s) 

Remarks 

Zellaria haimbachi Busck. 

Zeugophora sp. 

jP 

tA, 1A 

Common at many points and 

numerous in MacPherson, Dunnet, 

Haddo and Caldwell twps. 

Leaf-mining by this species more 

n iceable than in recent years

STATUS OP INSECTS IN THE PARRS SOUND DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm * 0 * 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 Choristoneura fumiferana C 21= 

Jack-pine Budworm 000000000 Choristoneura pinus pinus C 21 

Larch Casebearer 0000000000 Coleophora laricella C 21 

European Spruce Sawfly 000000a Diprion hercyniae C 22 

Birch Leaf Miner o o * * o • * o o « Fenusa pusilla C 22 

Saddled Prominent • o * * * o o o * Heterocampa. guttivitta C 23 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar « « o o • » Malacosoma americanum 

: 0 23 

Forest Tent Caterpillar 000000 Malacosoma disstria 0 23; 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly • o 0 o 0 o * Neodiprion iecontei - C 24 

Red-pine Sawfly 0000000000 Neodiprion nanulus nanulus 0 24; 

White-Pine Weevil « 0 oooooo* Pissodes strobi .0 25 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly 0000 Pikonema alaskensis C 25 

Larch Sawfly ••••••••»o* Pristiphora erichsonii . C 25 

Poplar Leaf Rollers * • 9 0 o o o o Pseudexentera oregonana 0 25 

Sciaphila duplex 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects 0 o * * * o * « 0 o o 0 0 0 0 « * 0 26 

C. A. Barnes

C21 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clan.) 

Intensive surveys from 1960 - 1966 failed to yield any collections of 

this insect in the district. In 1967 the insect was found in small number 

in six widely-separated townships, and in 1968 increases occurred on balsam 

fir and white spruce near Dorset in Sherborne Township and near the French 

and Pickerel rivers in Mowat and Henvey townships. Defoliation at sample 

points in these two areas was eight and ten per cent respectively. 

Close surveillance of the areas where the spruce budworm was found in 

1968 and in other susceptible areas will continue. 


Moderate to heavy infestations of this insect persisted for the third 

consecutive year in the northwest part of the district , covering an area 

of approximately 300 square miles (see map). Severe defoliation for several 

years has caused considerable mortality to the upper crown of jack pine 

throughout this area. On the basis of egg surveys declining population 

levels are forecast for 1969. 

The heavy infestation that occurred in 1967 in a small red pine plantation 

near Highway 69 and the Pakesley road , collapsed in 1968. Light 

infestations not exceeding 10 per cent defoliation, were common in Carling 

and McDougall townships. 

Larch Casebearer , Coleophora laricella Hbn. 

Although larval counts at sample points showed no change in population 

levels on both native and European larch, heavy infestations were observed 

in large pockets of tamarack near Aspdin in Stisted Township and near 

Parry Sound in McDougall Township. Defoliation at these two locations 

approximated 40 to 50 per cent. Small numbers of larvae occurred at many 

points in the remainder of the district. Larval counts are summarized in 

Table 7.

C 22 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts in the Parry Sound District, 

1966-1968 

Note Counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips 

from each of four trees at each location. 

Location Tree Av. no, of larvae per 18-inch branch tip 

(township) species 7r677- 1 67 1968 

Ridout 

Wallbridge 

Stisted 

(Etwell Road) 

Chisholm 

Perry 

eL 

tL 

tL 

tL 

tL 

4.2 

0 .0 

3.5 

0.1 

309 

0.8 

1.2 

0.3 

3.4 

0.6 

11. 

1.3 

0.3 


Population levels of this saafly on white spruce increased at all sample 

points in 1968 compared with 1967 (Table 8). Although larval counts were 

higher at sample points, defoliation of large open-grown host trees was 

negligible. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts Taken on White Spruce Trees 

in the Parry Sound District, 1966-1968 

-Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

smaggsageszte 

Total no . -of larvae per 15-tray sample 

• er 

1 .. 19. 1968 

Perry 7 36 87 97 

McLean 6 13 51 

Ryerson 

7 

37 0 13 

Gurd 8 63 49 62 

Joly 6 29 4 5 

Machar 12 14 8 20 


-7.20,73..1.117.1M1....07161.9.9:36.311:9O 

Many pockets of medium to heavy infestation occurred in the district in 

1968. Severe leaf mining was observed on roadside birch along Highway 11 

near Powassan and along secondary roads in Machar, Boulter and Strong townships. 

In most instances approximately 60 to 70 per cent of the leaf surface was 

affected. Ornamental birch trees were heavily infested in towns and villages 

throughout the district. Light infestations occurred at many locations elsewhere 

in the district.

PARRY SOUND DISTRICT 

CONK EY ,WARDY 

N McKENZ/ E FERRIE 

PATTERSON l) ,I--- 

N 

NORTH 

1--- NIP '' lNG 

Powas an 

SOUrN cm 

PRINGLE 

IUMSWORTN 1 

CURD 

T t Creek t 

so 

• 1 

LAURIER 84ILANTYNE 

CARLING 

FERGUSON 

Sundridg 

NAGERMAN CROFT CHAPMAN ST NG 

Magneta a 

SPENCE 

RYERSON 

Riper 

JOEY 

urks falls 

ARMOUR FROUDFOOT i 

PAXTON 

BUTT 

vA 

tCOWPER 

EY 

N41WPHRY CARDWELL 

CONGER STISTED 

4,11,T.sseau 

FREEMAN 

CHRISTIE MONTE/TN MURRICH 

Illl 

• ') 

• —6 — 

KeEorRnyey 

vi A TT STEPHENSON 8 

"Ire rz. Port Sydney 

Port Carling 

BETHUNE 

—Or- 

APCRANEY 

CHAFFEY SINCLAIR1 "NLA 

Hunts ille I 

ON 

LIV/NGSTON 

OKA DRAPER 

Gray.nhurst 

OAKLEK 


Areas where infestations occurred 


Legend 



Heavy infestation

C 23 

Saddled Prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta 141k. 

Heavy infestations, encompassing an area of approximately 150 square 

miles, were observed on sugar maple, beech and other hardwood species along 

the eastern boundary of the district in 1968 (see map). These infestations 

occurred from Boulter Township in the north to Proudfoot and Bethune town= 

ships in the south, and from the Algonquin Park boundary west to Highway 11. 

Defoliation of host species was approximately 60 to 90 per cent in areas of 

heavy infestation. Scattered pockets of heavy infestation occurred in 

Franklin, McClintock, Boulter and McLean townships, with defoliation 

averaging 50 to 60 per cent. 

Several other insects causing appreciable defoliation were common in 

this infestation, particularly, H. amicaria, P. alcoolaria, N. gibbose and 

A. rubicunda. 


A decline in population levels of this tent-forming insect occurred in 

the district in 1968. The most noteworthy decline occurred in a sample area 

in Harrison Township where the infestation declined to light intensity 

(Table 9). Occasional nests were observed in most townships in Divisions 

83 and 93. 

TABLE 9 


in the Parry Sound District, 1966-1968 

Location 

(township) 

Total no. of rimar nests al a measured mile 

19 * a 19 7 19 8 

McLean 3 11 8 

Brunel 1 1 0 

Stephenson 2 8 

Wood 

4 

41 23 11 

McDougall 22 14 6 

Harrison 164 123 42 


Egg band surveys carried out in the fall of 1967 indicated that a moderate 

to heavy pocket of infestation of this insect would persist in 1968 along the 

Parry Sound-North Bay district boundary in North Himsworth Township. However, 

poor egg hatch and wet and abnormally cold spring weather during the early larval 

period caused a marked decline in population levels. Only a few scattered 

larvae were observed in the district.

100 

C 24 


Heavy infestations of this sawfly persisted for the fifth consecutive 

year in red pine plantations in Ridout and McLean townships. Complete 

defoliation of red pine trees occurred in the Ridout plantation and mortality 

was common in trees six feet in height and over. Scots pine in a small 

plantation near Baysville were moderately defoliated before insecticides 

were used to control the infestation. In McLean Township red pine hedgerow% 

suffered heavy defoliation. 

Isolated pockets of moderate to heavy infestation occurred in six 

town-ships in Division 93 and occasional colonies were observed at scattered 

locations in five townships in Division 83. 

The moderate infestations that had persisted in plantations in Stephenson 

and Gibson townships since 1964, declined to scattered colonies in 1968. 

Approximately 40 to 50 per cent of the trees in these plantations have been 

killed. Counts based on the examination of 100 trees at five sample points 

are summarized in Table 10. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Parry Sound District 


4pwoocannvereva 

Av. height of No. of trees Av. no. of colonies 

Location sample trees infested per infested tree 

(township) in feet 1968 1967 1968 

Ridout 

Perry 

McLean 

Mowat 

Wilson 

10 

30 

20 

15 

18 

28 

37 

7 

8 

3.1 2.7 

1.1 

1.0 

1.5 

1.0 

Red-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

No appreciable change in colony counts occurred at sample points in the 

district in 1968. Although increases in population levels were observed in 

jack pine stands in the northwest part of the district, defoliation only 

approximated 10 per cent. In red pine plantations defoliation was less than 

five per cent. In 1968 counts were based on the examination of 100 red pine 

trees randomly selected in three widely-separated plantations. The results 

are summarized in Table 11.

I 


PATTERSON 1- 

/MOWAT BLAIR 

NORTH 

t M.CONKEY HARDY 

HIMSWO 

' 

(IIENVEY) \ 

• 

--4 — 

j 1 NIPISSING 

Powassan r 1 i 

-;,, ■ 

\ . 

PRINGLE 

'■ WALLBRIDGE ;; BROWN 

; .. gILSON L MILLS "Uri/ ' CHI HOLM 

GURD 

• • 

i HIMSWORTH 

Tr.ut.0 ek 

L 

11-1. 

r'' ') 

Al,'KENZIE qRRISON 

BURTON 

FERRIE • COUNT M HA 

'7', 

P i A 12 R Y S• 0 LI N 

- -- 1- 

;,, ,,,,, MAWANAGA i BUR PEE 

rl.1FERGUSON 

'I CARLING 

'2 

;,, ' 

-i, 

, OWPER 

HAGERMAN 

MTKELLAR 

Sundridg 

CROFT CHAPMAN STR 

Megnetawel 

SPENCE r RYERSON 

DOUGALL • 

• • 11 

Parry S.und Ke 

EY 

CHRISTIE MONTEITH AMIN/RR/CH PER 

• 

▪ — — • -VII - 40- 

vd1.7` 

:49;f: ( PHRr ,,RoCAssR 0 aWt,ELL: STISTED 

CONGER 

CHAR' FEY sm. 

.L...tr 

,--' ei,- 

n: 

- Ii 

FREEMAN 

c..;ii.V A, TT 

't 1 STEPHENSON 

,.,4i HHuntsille . 

2'Vdc/err 

AWN i 

B im. 

MED A -01'Port C er 1 mg .1 4: ji" r , Port Sydney ___.„, I4.. 

N77- .-- 

, 

.00...N. 

DIBSON M A, k ---) 0 K 

-,--4 :ai r 

RIDOUT 

L'!-: (77 AMBrCaA:bNidM 

000 

l '---f- - 

DRAPER 

OANLEY 

4-1;/(aAv nhurst 

00101.,M,CLINTOCK , LIVINGSTONE 

1. 

MILES 

0 20 

ISON 

HYDE 


Areas where defoliation occurred 


Legend 

Light defoliation 

Heavy defoliation


y 

M WAT BLAI 

I 

McCO KEY HARDY 

C 25 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Red-pine Sawfly Colony Counts on Red Pine 

in the Parry Sound District in 1968 

Av, d.b.h. of 

Location sample trees in No. of trees Av. no, of colonies 

(township) inches infested per tree 

McDougall 6 14 1.0 

Franklin 4 2 1.0 

South Himsworth 5 5 1.2 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

Population levels of this insect increased in white and Scots-pine 

plantations in Livingstone, Ridout, Armour and MacKenzie townships and in 

white pine regeneration in Chaffey Township. Most notable increases occurred 

on white pine in Livingstone and Ridout townships, where 29 and 37 per cent 

of the leading shoots of sample trees were infested (Table 12). In 

MacKenzie and Armour townships Scots pine leaders in abandoned Christmas 

tree plantations were heavily infested. White pine regeneration suffered 

severe damage in Chaffey Township where 33 per cent of the leaders were 

Infested, 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil 

in the Parry Sound District in 1968 

Notes 100 trees were examined at each location. 

-Location 

(township) 

Tree spec 

-o 


- 

IWWWWW.MxiAlf 

Livingstone 

Ridout 

chaffey 

Armour 

MacKenzie 

VP 

wP 

wP 

scP 

scP 

29 

37 

33 

26 

24

C 26 


In 1968, population levels of this sawfly increased on native and 

European larch in the north, northwest and central parts of the district, 

but defoliation of host trees did not exceed 20 per cent at any location. 

Occasional colonies were observed in the remainder of the district. 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

White spruce hedgerows and windbreaks were moderately infested by 

this sawfly along Highway 11 in Chaffey Township, near the Brunel Locks 

in Brunel Township and in Chapman, Sherborne and South Himsworth townships. 

Defoliation of new shoots approximated 25 per cent at these 

locations. Severe defoliation of ornamentals was observed in the towns 

of Huntsville and Bracebridge and in the village of Aspdin where 

approximately 80 per cent defoliation of the current years shoots 

occurred. 

Poplar Leaf Rollers, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 


Heavy infestations of Pseudexentera oregonana that had persisted in 

trembling aspen stands for the past five years collapsed in 1968. Meanwhile 

infestations of Sciaphila duplex , increased to medium intensity in 

Henvey, Mowat, Harrison and Burpee townships, and light infestations were 

common in the northern part of the district. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Parry Sound District 


Abbottana clemataria A. & S. moM 

Small numbers 

Acleris variana Fern. eH, bF, wS Common at numerous locations 

through district 

Adelges abietis Linn. wS Heavy on occasional trees 

near Dorset 

Altica populi Brown bPo Light infestation on fringe trees 

near Scotia in Perry Twp. 

Anacampsis innocuella Zell. 1A Common on roadside trees along 

park road in Carling Twp. 

Aphrophora sp. eL Heavy infestations on hedgerow 

and open-growing trees at 

scattered locations in 

Sherborne Twp.

C 27 


Insect Host(s) Remark 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch cCh 

Heavy infestations along high= 

ways and in open fields at many 

points in the district 

Arge pectoralis Leach 

wB Occasional colonies on scattered 

trees near Dorset, Ridout Twp. 

Argyresthia laricella Kft. tL Small numbers observed on 

scattered trees at one location 

in Chapman Twp. 

Cenopis sp. rM, r0 Moderate infestations on fringe 

trees near Port Carling and Dorset 

Choristoneura rosaceana Harr. bF Small numbers 

Compsolechia Cham niveopulvella 

tA Small numbers at one location 

Dasineura balsamicola Lint. bF Common on understory and open 

growing saplings in Pringle and 

Perry twps. 

Dioryctria reniculella Grt. wS Small numbers at one location 

Ectropis crepuscularia Schiff. moM 

Understory trees moderately 

defoliated near Oxtongue Lake, 

Finlayson Twp. 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. tA,, wB Moderate infestations on under- 

-story and fringe trees at 

scattered points in Machar, 

Mowat and Franklin twps. 

Eucordylea resinosae Free. rP Light infestations at widelyseparated 

locations in South 

Himsworth , McDougall, Perry and 

Chaffey twps 

Exoteleia pinifoliella Cham. jP 

Gonioctena americana (Schaef.) tA 

Light to moderate infestation 

common in Monteith , Brunel and 

McDougall twps. 

Moderate defoliation of young 

growth near Dwight, Franklin Twp. 

and near Port Sydney, 

Stephenson Twp.

C 28 




bCh 

Common on occasional trees in 

Sherborne and Oakley twps. 


Al Occasional colonies along roadsides 

in Chaffey and Wood twps. 




eH 

ewC 

Counts low at seven sample 

points 

Light infestations common in 

Machar, Shawanaga, Humphry and 

Laurier twps. 

Nadata gibbosa A. & S. sM 

Small numbers at two locations 


Neodiprion Roh pratti banksianae 

Neodiprion swainei Midd. 

Neurotoma fasciata (Nort.) 

Nymphalis milberti Godt. 

w 

JP 

JP 

cCh 

Nettle 

Colonies common on open-growing 

and roadside willow in Carling, 

Shawanaga and McKellar twps. 

Scattered colonies observed at 

several locations in district 

Low numbers in Mowat Twp. 

Small numbers 

Several colonies near Grundy 

Lake Park 

Ocnerostoma strobivorum Free. wP 

Oligocentria lignicolor Wlk. Be 

Light infestation on hedgerow 

trees near Bracebridge 

Several colonies on understory 

beech near Arrowhead Park, 

Chaffey Twp. 


Mo Light to moderate infestations on 

scattered trees in McDougall, 

Ridout and Shawanaga twps., 

defoliation approximated 20 per 

cent at these locations 

Pulicalvaria piceaella Kft. bF 

Phenacaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) scP 

Small numbers 

Medium infestation near Parry Sound 

lighter than in 1967

C 29 


======,, 


Host(s) 

Remarks 

Rhabdophaga swainei Felt. 

wS 

Common in Chaffey and Stisted 

twps. 

Schizura concinna J. E. Smith tA 

Setoptus jonesi Keifer rP 

Sparganothis sulfureana Clem. wP 

Toumeyella numismaticum jP, scP 

P. & McD. 

Trisetacus alborum Keifer wP 

Bacates quadripes Shim. S1M, rM 

Xylomyges dolosa Grt. 1A 

Zeiraphera destitutana (Walker) wS 

Scattered colonies 

Small numbers in young red pine 

plantations in Rid out McAulay, 

and Franklin twps. 

Small numbers at one location 

Light infestation in Moat 

and Machar twps. 

Severe shoot mortality on 

occasional white pine near 

Bracebridge , McAuley Twp. 

Common at many locations 


in Carling Twp. 


near Grundy Park

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE PEMBROKE DISTRICT 

Black-headed Budworm 

Spruce Budworm 

Jack-pine Budworm • 

o Acleris variana 

Cher 

• Choristoneura pinus 

Page 

C 30 

C 30 

C 31 

Larch Casebearer 

6 


C 34 

Birch Leaf Miner 

Saddled Prominent and a complex 

of Hardwood Defoliators 

Balsam: Fir Sawfly 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly • • 

Red-pine Sawfly 

Jack-pine Sawfly 

Yellow headed Spruce Sawfly 

White-pine Weevil 

Larch Sawfly 

A Red-Pine Needle Midge 


OFenusa pusilla 

C 34 

• Heterocampa guttivitta C 35 

Heterocampa biundata 

Besma endropiaria 

Anisota rubicund/ 

and others 

• Neodiprion abietis complex C 36 

• Neodiprion lecontel C 37 

• Neodiprion nanulus nanulus C 37 

• Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus C 38 

• Pikonema alaskensis C 38 

• Pissodes strobi C 38 

• Pristiphora erichsonii C 39 

o Thecodiplosis piniresinosae C 39 

0 40 

R. A. Trieselma

C 30 


Small to medium numbers of larvae were collected in beating samples at 

many points in the district, usually in association with spruce budworm larvae 

and other shoot insects. Small pockets of light infestation occurred in 

balsam fir and white spruce stands in Bronson, McKay, Westmeath, and Wylie 

townships (Table 7). 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Black-headed Budworm Larval Counts 

in the Pembroke District in 1968 

Av, d.b.h, of 

Location sample trees Total no, of larvae 

(township) Host in inches in 15 beating trays 

Bronson wS 4 25 

McKay wS 6 20 

Westmeath bF 8 22 

Wylie wS 5 11 


The area in which balsam fir and white spruce stands were infested by the 

spruce budworm increased considerably in 1968 to include the eastern half and 

the southwest corner of the district. Heavy infestations were confined to 

woodlots in the agricultural area south and east of Pembroke. Two pockets of 

medium infestation occurred in Wylie and Barron townships. Elsewhere in the 

district small numbers of larvae were collected wherever beating samples were 

taken from balsam fir and white spruce (see map). 

Mass rearings of 1200 larvae from 10 locations revealed that the incidence 

of parasitism was approximately six per cent. Predation by Coccinellids 

(mainly Anatis quindecimpunctata- Oliv. )ambush bugs and carpenter ants was -- 

commonly observed in the field. 

A defoliation and egg mass survey was carried out in November. Foliage 

collections were made at six locations in the infested area. Forecasts for 

1969, based on egg mass counts, are shown in Table 8.

C 31 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Defoliation Survey and Egg Mass Counts 


Per cent 

defoliation 

Location of current Egg mass 

(township)) Host years growth total 

------- 

Bromley wS 

Bromley bF 

Ross wS 

Ross bF 

Westmeath wS 

Westmeath bF 

Cumulative no. 

of egg masses 

per 100 sq. ft. Forecast 

of foliage for 1969 

83 115 1200 Heavy 

83 94 776 Heavy 

80 50 745 Heavy 

71 105 1006 Heavy 

51 76 677 Medium-heavy 

38 31 221 Light-medium 

I2i=0 


An increase in population levels of this insect occurred for the second 

consecutive year. Well-defined areas of heavy infestation were delineated: 

in the Petawawa-Deep River area, near Lake Traverse in parts of Barron, Edgar, 

Niven and White townships, and near Round Lake in Burns and Richards town= 

ships. Light defoliation was observed in most jack pine stands elsewhere in 

the district. 

In the Petawawa-Deep River infestation, larvae were active well in advance 

of shoot elongation, resulting in considerable backfeeding on old foliage and 

complete defoliation of many trees in all size classes. Understory white 

pine and red pine were also heavily infested, probably as a result of larval 

dispersal from overstory jack pine trees. At several locations, many buds as 

well as most of the current and past years ' foliage were destroyed and sane 

tree mortality may be expected in these areas. 

Defoliation in the Lake Traverse and Round Lake infestation was 

moderate to heavy, but complete destruction of the current year n s foliage 

occurred at many points. Occasional dominant pole-sized red pine trees in 

jack pine stands were heavily defoliated. 

Pupal and late instar larval collections were taken at ten locations 

while pupation was in progress, and submitted to the Forest Research Laboratory 

in Sault Ste. Marie to obtain data on parasitism. All specimens on sixteen 

18' branch tips were taken, including late instar larvae, pupae, and empty 

pupal cases from which adults had emerged. The 1458 insects ubmitted yielded 

171 hymenopterous and 63 dipterous parasites. Parasitism ranged from 0 to 

28 per cent and averaged 15 per cent (Table 9).

C 32 

Foliage samples, consisting of one 24-inch branch tip from the midcrown 

of each of six trees, were taken at 22 locations and examined for 

the presence of egg masses and the degree of current defoliation. The 

following criteria were used as a basis for forecasting the severity of 

infestations: 1 to 2 egg masses = light infestation; 3 to 8 egg masses 

medium infestation; 9 or more egg masses = heavy infestation. The e 

mass counts indicate that medium and heavy infestations will continue in 

1969 (Table 10). 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Jack-pine Budworm Parasite Rearings 

from the Pembroke District in 1968 

No. of budworm Parasites reared Per cent 

Township Location larvae reared hym. dip. parasitism 

Buchanan AECL main gate 100 12 2 14 

Landry's Crossing 201 9 9 9 

Burns Basin Depot Road 54 13 2 28 

Edgar Edgar Creek 124 19 7 21 

Pole Peeler 261 34 22 21 

Guthrie Basin Depot Road 11 0 0 0 

Petawawa Duke Plains 100 11 0 11 

Rifle Range 180 18 23 23 

Richards Bonnechere Center 64 8 1 14 

White Horse Stable 363 39 5 12

C 33 

Summary of Jack-pine Budworm Defoliation Survey and Egg Mass Counts 


Note: Based on the examination of six 24" branch tips at each location. 

TABLE 10 

No. of Defoliation 

Township Av. height Av. d.b.h. Basal Per cent egg forecast 

location in feet in inches area defoliation masses . for 1969 

Buchanan 

Sturgeon Lake Plains 



Deluthier Road 

Landry ' s Crossing 

Landry ' s Crossing 

Orange Road 

AECL Main Gate 

55 7.5 110 

45 7.5 90 

5 nil nil 

30 5.5 40 

25 5.5 30 

25 5.5 30 

50 6.5 70 

45 5.0 30 

29 8 Medium * 

61 4 Medium 

1 0 Nil 

68 6 Heavy 

50 13 Heavy 

95 5 Medium 

97 3 Medium 

62 15 Heavy 

Petawawa 

N. of Stewart Crossing 17 2.0 30 77 5 Medium 

Stewart Crossing 65 8.5 110 16 7 Medium 

Lutheran Church 45 6.0 33 93 3 Medium 

Rolph 

Ski Hill Road 38 6.0 80 65 4 Medium 

Golf Course Road 62 9.0 90 58 3 Medium 

Stratton 

Survey Lake Road 

Montgomery Gate 

55 10.0 80 15 3 Medium 

25 4.0 30 8 1 Light 

Edgar 

Pole Peeler - 40 

S/E end of infestation 35 6.0 30 

11 Heavy 

2 Light 

White 

N/W of Lake Traverse 

S. of traffic light 

Horse Stable 

Pembroke Lbr. Co. 

60 8,5 60 

7 

2 Light 

50 9.0 100 77 9 Heavy 

60 9.0 70 64 8 Medium 

22 3.0 40 84 5 Medium 

* Earlier forecasts indicated six or more egg clusters 

would result in severe defoliation.

PEMBROKE DISTRICT 

0 20 


Area and locations where infestations 


Legend 



and


0 2 ,0 


Areas where infestations were 

observed in 1968 

Legend 


Heavy infestation

C 34 


Although population levels declined in 1968, small numbers of larva 

were observed at many points in the district. An ornamental planting of 

European larch in the Town of Deep River was heavily infested. The routine 

use of insecticides against black flies and mosquitoes controlled this 

infestation. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in the Pembroke District 


Note: Based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips 


Av. d.b.h. of 

Location sample trees Av. no. of larvae per 18-inch branch tip 

(township) in inches 1966 1967 1968 

Airy 3 2.90 2.10 0.44 

Bromley 5 1.00 1.20 0.69 

Buchanan 5 2.30 2.00 0.12 

N. Algona 4 1.00 0.90 0.00 

Westmeath 4 0.60 1.10 0.00 


Although population levels were somewhat lower than in 1967 this leaf 

mining sawfly was observed at many points in the district. The ornamental 

varieties of exotic species were more heavily infested than the native trees. 

Individual trees suffered top mortality as a result of several consecutive 

years of heavy infestation. 

12 

Summary of Damage by the Birch Leaf Miner in the Pembroke District 


Note: Based on the examination of a random sample of 100 leaves 

at each location* 

Av. d.b.h. of 

Location sample trees Per cent of leaves mined 

(township) Host in inches 66 1967 1968 

Buchanan 

wB 

47 69 

21 

Hagarty 

wB 

1 

29 59 

11 

S. Algona wB 1 32 48 14 

Sproule wB 3 32 37 27 

Westmeath wB 3 38 46 24

C 35 

Saddled Prominent, Heterocampa guttivitta Wlk. 

Hardwood stands in the western part of the Algonquin Park were infested 

by the saddled prominent and a complex of defoliators. Defoliation was 

variable but was most pronounced on high ground and on the upper parts of 

slopes, where sugar maple and yellow birch predominated. There were numerous 

large areas of severe defoliation (see map). 

Of a number of larval and pupal collections taken, 55 per cent of the 

insects were the saddled prominent. Other common species were 

Heterocampa biundata Anisota rubicunda Fabr., Besma endropiaria 

G. and R., and some loopers not yet identified to genus and species Table 14). 

Four pupal samples taken from the soil in late August are summarized in 

Table 13, 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Pupal Samples Taken from the Soil 

in the Algonquin Park Infestation in 1968 

Notes Samples taken from soil to a depth of approximately 6 inches 

in 1-square-foot sections. 

No. of 

misc. 

Location Sample unit geometri dae 

(township in sq. ft. per sq. ft. 

No. of 

Heterocampa 

guttivitta 

per sq. ft. 

Total no. of pupae 

per sq. ft. 

Butt 10 0 10.9 10.9 

Hunter 10 0.7 8.8 9.5 

Hunter 20 0.7 2.0 2.7 

Devine 20 0.4 1.5 1.9


20 


and a complex of hardwood defoliators 

Legend 



•

C 36 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Insects Collected in the Algonquin Park Infestation 

in 1968, in Order of Incidence 

Note : This table represents the total number of insects 

collected in the infestation. 

SOMMISMOBRIV 

Insect No, of larvae Per cent of total + 

Heterocampa guttivitta 349 55 

Lithocolletis aceriella 67 11 

Geometridae (undetermined spp.) 45 7 

Lithocolletis lucidicostella 27 4 

Besma endropiaria 25 4 

Anisota rubicunda 22 4 

Heterocampa biundata 20 3 

Hyperetis amicaria 19 3 

Plagodis alcoolaria 17 3 

Gracillaria sp. 7 1 

Ectropis crepuscularia 6 1 

Epinotia aceriella 5 1 

Antheraea polyphemus 4 1 

Melanolophia sp. 4 1 

Nadata gibbosa 3 trace 

Abbottana clemataria 2 trace 

Paraclemensia acerifoliella 2 trace 

Acronicta sp. 1 trace 

Papilio glaucus 1 trace 

Total 626 

+ Percentages are calculated to the nearest per cent, 

incidence below 0.5 per cent is designated "trace". 


A further increase in population levels of this sawfly occurred in 1968. 

Numerous clumps of balsam fir of all size classes were infested throughout a 

large part of the district (see map). Defoliation of the upper crowns 

usually of pole-sized balsam fir, was light to moderate. Regeneration and 

saplings generally harboured only small numbers of larvae, and individual 

white spruce trees were lightly infested at scattered locations.

1 

from 

C 37 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly Neodiprion le contei (Fitch) 

Population levels declined considerably in 1968 and only small numbers 

of colonies were observed. Highest population levels were encountered in a 

red pine plantation in Airy Township s, where 42 colonies were counted on 100, 

18-foot trees (Table 15). 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts on 100 Red Pine Trees 

at each Location in the Pembroke District from 1966 to 1968 

ESIREINEMENKINEMMa 

Location 

(township 

alMINEMIECEMIENEMENSWIl 

Av. height of Av. no. of colonies per trees 

trees in feet 1966 1967 1968 

23 Airy 

0.42 

Alice 

5 1.50 0.10 0.00 

Bronson 

11 1.20 0.90 0.09 

Maria 

8 1.20 1.20 0.04 

S. Algona 

5 0.20 0.00 0.00 

Wilberforce 

8 1.10 1.30 0.03 

Red-pine Sawfly, Neodi prion nanulus nanulus Schedl 

High population levels persisted in Ross Township where a stand of 

semi-mature red pine and a young plantation were heavily infested. Individual 

mature and semi-mature red pine trees were heavily infested in Alice s Fraser, 

and Wilberforce townships. Elsewhere in the districts, population levels 

declined. No defoliation was observed in plantations that had been infested 

in Hagarty , Petawawa, and Sherwood townships in recent years (Table 16). 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Red-pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Pembroke District 


Note : Based on the examination of 

100 trees at each location, 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

Host in inches 

Av. no. of colonies per tree 

1966 ----17 1968 

1.80 Fraser 

jP 3 

6.40 0.27 

Ross 

rP 15 

12.10 50+ 50+ 

Westmeath 

rP 4 

18.90 37.50 0.36 

Westmeath 

jP 3 

1.40 6.90 0.21 

Richards 

jP 5 

0.39 

N. Algona 

jP 2 

1.10 0.24


20 

BALSAM FIR SAWFLY 

Locations where defoliation occurred 


Legend 

Light defoliation (1)

C 38 

Jack-pine Sawfly Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus Rose 

Most of the light to medium infestations of this sawfly reported in 

1967 virtually collapsed in 1968. This decline may have occurred partly as 

a result of extremely heavy defoliation of the host trees by the jack-pine 

budworm. A small stand of semi-mature s, open-growing jack pine in 

Buchanan Township was the only sample point in which defoliation occurred 

(Table 17). 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Pembroke District 


Location 

(township) 

Bronson 

Buchanan 

Maria 

Petawawa 

Richards 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 


1966 1967 1968 

6 

6 

6 

4 

6 

0.00 0.10 0.00 

0.00 3.20 0.09 

1.60 4.10 0.00 

1.40 4.10 0.00 

0.00 3.10 0.00 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

The two heavy infestations in white spruce plantations in Buchanan 

and Lyell townships persisted in 1968 , although defoliation was somewhat 

lighter (approximately 50 and 60 per centr, espectively) than in 1967. 

Small numbers of larvae were collected in beating samples at widely-scattered 

points elsewhere in the district. 

White-pine Weevil Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

White-pine weevil damage was observed in plantations and natural stands 

of pine and spruce throughout the district. Population levels of this insect 

tend to fluctuate from year to year as reflected in counts at sample stations 

(Table 18).

C 39 

TABLE 18 

Summary of White Pine Shoot Damage by the White–pine Weevil 

in the Pembroke District from 1966 to 1968 

Location 

(township) 

--- 

Av, height of 

sample trees 

in feet 

No. of trees 

examined 

Per cent trees weevilled 

1966 1967 1968 

Alice 12 100 29 5 12 

Bronson 12 100 16 14 12 

Buchanan 8 100 26 28 14 

Sproule 15 100 16 19 16 

White 11 100 9 10 6 


Population levels of the larch sawfly declined in 1968. Tamarack 

stands in Alice 0 Cameron, Clara Westmeath, and Wilberforce townships 

which were heavily infested in 1967 suffered only light to medium defoliation. 

Small pockets of light infestation occurred in Barron and Wylie 

townships and small numbers of colonies were observed at numerous widely– 

scattered points in the district. 

A Red–pine Needle Midge, Thecodiplosis piniresinosae Kearby 

Infestations of this insect recurred at many locations in the central 

and northern parts of the district. Injury to the current year n s foliage 

was severe at several points in Head, Maria, Stratton, and Wylie townships, 

where over 50 per cent of the needles were killed. Elsewhere in the district 

damage was light to medium (see map). 

The larvae of this minute insect feed inside the needle fascicles in 

late summer and early fall, causing the needles to turn progressively white 

from the tip to the base. The infested needles eventually turn brown and 

absciss. By early spring, there are no signs of injury except for the 

somewhat thin appearance of the previous seasons growth°


2 0 

I 

A CECIDOMYID MIDGE IN RED PINE NEEDLES 

Locations where infestations were observed in 1968 

19-0P-4. 



Heavy infestation •

C40 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Pembroke District 


Host(s) 

Remarks 

Acleris chalybeana Fern. 


Adelges abietis Linn. 

Hazel 

wB 

Moderately infested shrubs 

in Buchanan Twp. 

Moderately infested trees 

in S. Algona Twp. 

Occasional scattered trees in 

S. Algona Twp. heavily infested 

Anchylopera burgessiana Zell. r0 

Low population levels in 

Buchanan Twp. 

Aphrophora parallela (Say) 

jP, rP 

wP, wS 

wP moderately other hosts lightly 

infested in Freswick, Sproule , and 

Peck twps. 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) cal 

High population levels in 

Cameron Twp . , scattered nests 


Archips fervidanus Clem. 

r0 Numerous webs on understory trees 

in Fraser Twp. 


wB 

Occasional larvae in association 

with other defoliators in 

Rolph Twp. 

Brachys aerosus Melsh. sM Common at many points in the 

Buprestis maculativentris Say 1A 

Small numbers of adults on new 

logs in Buchanan Twp. 

Calosoma sp. 

Soil Occasional larvae in Butt Twp., 

probably predacious on pupae of 

Heterocampa guttivitta 

Cecidomyia citrina O.S. 

Ba 

Moderate population levels 

in Westmeath Twp. 

Cenopis acerivorana Mack. rM 

Occasional understory trees 

lightly infested in Buchanan Twp.

c a 



Choristoneura rosaceana Harr. wS, cCh, Low population levels on a wid 

Hazel, variety of hosts at many points 

Aralia sp. in the district 

Coleophora frischella (L.) 

Curculio obtusus Blanch 

Melilotus sp. High population levels at many 


wS Occasional adults in Head Twp. 

Dasyneura balsamicola (Lint.) bF 

Dioryctria reniculella (Grt.) wS 

Lightly infested trees at 

numerous points in the district 

Small numbers of larvae in 

Maria and S. Algona twps. 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) 

wS 

Small numbers of larvae in beat= 

ing samples at many points in 

the district 

Epinotia aceriella Clan. sM 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. wB 

Common in Buchanan and 

Westmeath twps. 

High population levels in Rolph 

and S. Algona twps. 

Eriophyes populi Nal. 

1A, tA 

Occasional galls in Buchanan Twp. 

Eucordylea blastovora McLeod wS 

Eucosma gloriola 

Gonioctena americana Schaef. tA 

Low population levels in 

S. Algona Twp. 

Lightly infested plantations 


Clumps of moderately infested 

trees in 3. Algona and Wilberforce 

twps. 


bCh 

Occasional small trees heavily 

infested in McLaughlin Twp. 

Hylobius radicis Buch. scP 

Small patches of trees infested 

in a plantation in S. Algona Twp 


bF 

Small numbers of larvae in beating 

sample in Westmeath Twp.

C 42 



Ips pini (Say) 


fiscellaria (Gn.) 

Host(s) 

jP 

bF 

Remarks 

Clumps of jack pine infested 

in Stratton Twp. 

Occasional larvae in beating 

samples 

Lecanium sp. rO, I 

Lithocolletis sp. Lo 

Lithocolletis hamadryadella r0 

Clem. 

Lithocolletis ostryarella 

Cham. 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella bPo 

Cham. 

Malacosoma americanum (F.) pCh 

Malacosoma disstria Hbn. No host 

Mesa populifoliella Po 

(Townsend) 

Lightly to moderately infested 

trees in Buchanan and Ross twps. 

Low population levels in plantation 

in Westmeath Twp. 

Lightly infested trees 


Numerous lightly infested trees 

in Buchanan, S. Algona, and 

Westmeath twps. 

Light infestation in Fitzgerald 

Twp. 

Small numbers of tents at many 


Infestation collapsed, no larvae 

observed 

Heavily infested ornamentals in 

Buchanan Twp. 


bF, wS 


beating samples in Buchanan, 

Cameron, Westmeath, and Wylie 

twps. 

Orthosia hibisci Gn. wS 

Parectopa robiniella Clem. Lo 

Petrova albicapitana (Busck) JP 

In beating samples in Maria Twp. 

Moderately infested locust 

plantation in Westmeath Twp. 

Small pocket of heavily infested 

regeneration in Westmeath Twp.

C 43 



Phyllocoptes minutissimus 

Hodgk. 

rM 

Heavily infested understory 

trees in Buchanan Twp. 

Pikonema dimmockii (Cress.) wS 

Pineus similis Gill 


beating samples at widely 

scattered points in the 

district 

High population levels in 

Buchanan and Head twps. 

Pityophthorus rhois Sw. Su Severely infested shrubs in 

Westmeath Twp. 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) Mo 

Pristiphora lena Kinc. wS 

Protoboarmia porcelaria bF, wS 

indicataria Wlk. 

Small numbers of colonies at 

many points in the district 

Small numbers in beating sample 

in Nightingale Twp. 

Occasional larvae in beating 

samples in Cameron and S. Algona 

twps. 

Psilocorsis quercicella r0 Lightly infested regeneration 

Clem. 


Rhabdophaga salicisbatatas 

O.S. 

Sciaphila duplex Wlshm. 1A 

Heavily infested shrubs 


asional Occasional Twp. 

Setoptus jonesi Keifer 

jP, rP 

Of common occurrence at many 

locations 

Tetralopha robustella Zell. rP 

Lightly infested plantation 

grown trees in Buchanan Twp. 

Trichotaphe levisella Fyles 

Trisetacus alborum Keifer 

Aster sp. Low population levels 


Heavily infested seedlings 

in Paxton Twp.

arks 

Rem 

C 44 



Host(s) 

Trishormomyia crataegifolia 

(Felt) 

Haw 

Heavily infested shrubs 

in N. Algona TWp. 

Vasates quadripes Shim. rM 

Heavily infested understory 

trees in Buchanan Twp. 

Xylamyges dolosa Grt. 

Zale duplicata largera Sm. 

1A 

JP 

Occasional larvae in Buchanan 

Twp. 

In beating samples in Fitzgerald 

Twp. 

Zale helata Sm. wP 

Occasional larvae on 

regeneration in Buchanan Twp. 


Mut. & Free. 

Zeiraphera destitutana 

(Walker) 

wS 

wS 

Lightly infested treea 



beating samples in S. Algona 

Twp.

CENTRAL FOREST REGION 


INTRODUCTION 


Page 

Dwarf Mistletoe . . . . 0 . 0 0 . . . Arceuthobium pusillum D 1 

Armillaria Root Rot . 0 * . * 0 . . . Armillaria mellea D 1 

Dutch Elm Disease 0 • • . 0 0 0 • . 0 Ceratocystis ulmi D 2 

Needle Rusts . • 0 . . . • Chrysomyxa ledi D 2 

Chrysomyxa ledicola 

White Pine Blister Rust . . . • 0 0 • Cronartium ribicola D 2 

Crown Deterioration of Birch. 0 . . 0 0 . . 0 0 . 0 0 0 • . . . . . . D 3 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar , . . • • Hypoxylon mammatum D 3 

Scleroderris Canker of Fine , . . . 0 Scleroderris lagerbergii D 4 

Summary of Miscellaneous Diseases s. . 0 . . 0 0 0 0 . 0 . . • . . . D 5

INTRODUCTION 


The most important development in the Central Fore t Region 1968 

was the outbreak of spruce budworm infestations in all three districts, 

Data on this and other noteworthy insects are presented on a district 

basis, whereas important tree diseases are contained in the regional 

section of the report. 

In 1968, the Gogama District ceased to be an administrative unit. 

As a result Foleyet Division was added to the Chapleau District and the 

Gogama Division was added to the Sudbury District. Mr. W. Ingram was trans= 

ferred from Gogama to Chapleau as District Technician and Mr. E. L. Houser 

assumed the duties of District Technician in Sudbury. 

The jack-pine budworm and forest tent caterpillar caused severe 

defoliation in the southern part of the region. The European pine sawfly 

was found in the Sault Ste. Marie District for the first time. A high 

level of infection of a spruce needle rust was observed in Ivanhoe Park 

in the Chapleau District. 

Considerable time was devoted to extension calls and Junior Ranger 

group talks. The valuable assistance extended by the Department of Lands 

and Forests and Industry is gratefully acknowledged. 

H. J. Weir

D 1 

Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium pusillum Peck. 

Witches' brooms caused by this parasite were found commonly throughout 

the Central Region in 1968 (Photograph). 

In the Sault Ste. Marie District levels of infection were high in 

extensive black spruce and white cedar swamps in Ley and Ryan townships in 

the northwestern part of the district (Table 1). An area of heavy infection 

Was observed in a roadside park near Providence Bay on Manitoulin Island in 

the Sudbury District. In the Chapleau District low levels of infection were 

observed at numerous locations. 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Incidence and Levels of Infection of Dwarf Mistletoe 

on Black Spruce in the Central Region in 1968 

Location 

Area affected 

(acres) 

Per cent 

incidence 

level of 

infection 

Sault Ste. Marie District 

Ley Twp. 10 79 Heavy 

Ryan Twp. 10 84 Heavy 

Sudbury District 

Carnarvon Twp. 20 75 Heavy 

Chapleau District 

Twp. 11D 40 5 Light 

Twp. 29 10 2 Tr ce 

Armillaria Root Rot, Armillaria mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) Kummer 

Numerous centres of infection were observed in the region in 1968 In 

Sault Ste. Marie District pockets of trace infection were located on mature 

white birch at Montreal River and on sugar maple on St. Joseph Island. 

Two pockets of severe infection occurred near Bermillion Lake in 

Fairbank Township, Sudbury District. Heavy mortality of mature b: learn fir 

was observed at these locations. 

Trace levels of infection were observed on jack pine at numerous 

locations in Chapleau District.

D2 

Dutch Elm Diseases, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buism.) C. Moreau 

There was little change in the known distribution of thi disease in 

the region in 1968. In the Sault Ste. Marie District incidence was high 

at new centers of infection in Parkinson Township where 87 per cent 

mortality occurred and near SailorsEncampment on St. Joseph Island where 

4 per cent mortality was observed. 

High levels of infection were observed near Mindemoya on Manitoulin 

Island and near the French River in Struthers Township, Sudbury District. 

Needle Rusts Chrysomyxa ledi de Bary and Chrysomyxa ledicola Lagh. 

Little change in levels of infection of these foliar rusts occurred 

in the region in 1968. A high level of infection was observed in 

Ivanhoe Township in the Chapleau District where these rusts have been 

reported at various levels since 19630 Light infection was observed in 

Township 28 and trace levels were recorded in 11G and Rennie townships 

(Table 2)0 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Incidence and Levels of Infection of Spruce Needle Rusts 

in the Central Region in 1968 

Township 

Host(s) 

Area affected 

(acres) 

Per cent 

incidence 

Level of 

infection 


Ivanhoe TwP. bS, wS 5 100 He 

Rennie Twp. 

bS 

10 

4 

Trace 

11G, Twp . 

wS 

20 

7 

Trace 

28 Twp. bS 10 2 Light 

White Pine Blister Rust Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fischer 

This destructive rust was found commonly in the Sault Ste. Marie and 

Sudbury districts in 1968. Medium levels of infection were observed at all 

locations evaluated in the Sault Ste. Marie District (Table 3)o 

Infection levels were medium to high in Lorne , Salter and Allen townships. 

A trace level was observed in D wson Township on Manitoulin Island. 

Little mortality was observed at any of the locations where evaluations were 

made in the region.

D3 

Summary of Incidence and Levels of Infection of White Pine Blister Rust 

in the Central Region in 1968 

Area affected Per cent Level of 

Location (acres) incidence infection 

Sault Ste, Marie District 

Aweres Twp. 

Moderate 

Curtis Twp 5 23 Moderate 

Thessalon Twp. 1 71 Moderate 


Allen Twp. 

Dawson Twp. 

Lorne Twp. 

Salter Twp. 

50 

5o 

20 

30 

35 

Moderate 

Trace 

Heavy 

Heavy 

Crown Deterioration of Birch 

Birch crowns were generally thin in most of the southwestern part of the 

region in 1968. This condition followed heavy cone production in 1966 and 

1967. Branch tip mortality was severe in most yellow birch stands in the 

Sault Ste. Marie District , particularly near Montreal River. Ranger Lak 

and along Highway 129 in Wells and 188 townships. Similar conditions were 

observed in a 160-acre stand near Agnew Lake in Baldwin Township in Sudbury 

District. For additional information on this condition of yellow birch 

refer to Information Report 0-X-79 5, Department of Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie. 

Ontario. 


This disease was found commonly-throughout 

the region. in 1968. 

In the Sault Ste. Marie District, stands with high levels of infection 

were observed in Kirkwood. 149, BanKoughnet and Curtis townships. Low to 

moderate infection levels occurred in Township 188 and Herrick Township 

respectively (Table 4). High levels of infection were observed in Waters, 

Carlyle and J townships in the Sudbury District. 

Evaluations in the Chapleau District showed that levels of infection 

were high in Township 29 and Cochrane Township. medium in Borden and Ram den 

townships and low in McGee and Coppell townships.

D4 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Incidence and Levels of Infection of Hypoxylon Canker 

of Poplar in the Central Region in 1968 

Location 

area affected 

(acres) 

Per cent 

incidence 

Level of 

infection 


Curtis Twp. 95 81 Heavy 

Herrick Twp. 15 48 Light 

Kirkwood Twp. 50 85 Heavy 

BanKoughnet Twp. 15 70 Heavy 

149 Twp. 10 82 Heavy 

188 Twp. 15 60 Moderate 


Carlyle Twp. 50 52 Heavy 

J Twp© 60 35 Heavy 

Waters Twp, 100 45 Heavy 


Borden Twp. 20 21 Moderate 

Cochrane Twp. 10 83 Heavy 

Coppell Twp. 40 -- Light 

McGee Twp. 5 14 Light 

Ramsden Twp. 50 -- Moderate 

29 Twp. 6 75 Heavy 

Scleroderris Canker of Pine, Scleroderris lagerbergii (Lager.) Gremmen 

Little change in distribution of this canker occurred in the region 

in 1968. Areas of heavy infection were recorded in the Kirkwood Management 

Unit in Sault Ste. Marie District and near Flame Lake in Chapleau District. 

An area of moderate infection was observed near Searchmont in Gaudette Township 

, Sault Ste. Marie District (Table 5).

D 5 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Incidence and Levels of Infection of Scleroderris Canker 

on Red Pine in the Central Region in 1968 

Area affected Per cent Level of 

Location (acres) incidence infection 

12.711111...011:92.9. 

(CO 


Gaudette TwP. 5 Moderate 

Kirkwood Twp 6 70 Heavy 


Twp. 8D 2 100 Heavy 

TABLE 6 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the Central Region in 1968 

Organism Host(s) Remark 

Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Diet. 

bS 

Trace level of infection in 

Cosens Twp " Chapleau Distri 

Ciborina whetzelii (Seaver) 

Seaver 

tA Trace level in the Sudbury 

Hybrid Po District on trembling aspen 

and on hybrid poplar on 

Manitoulin Island 

Cronartium comptoniae scP 

Cytospora kunzei Sacc. wS 

Trace level of infection in 

the e stern part of the 


Li t infection in Robinson 

Twp.. Sudbury District 

Davisomycella ampla (Davis) 

Darker 

Isthmiella crepidiformis 

(Darker) Darker 


jP 

bS 

Trace levels of infection near 

Mount Lake Sault Ste. Marie 

District 

Trace level in Moncreiff Twp., 


scP, jP Trace levels in the southeastern 

part of Sudbury District

D 6 


Organism 

Host(s) 

Remarks 

Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) 

Bald. & Cif. 

tA 

Trace levels recorded throughout 

the region 

Polyporus schweinitzii Fr. 

Trace levels in the 


Polyporus tomentosus Fr. jP Trace levels observed at Gordon 

Lake r Sault Ste. Marie District 

Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth bF 

Low levels of infection 

observed throughout the Chapleau 

District and in the northern 

part of Sault Ste. Marie District

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE SAULT STE. MARIE DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm * o o o « • * 

Jack-pine Bud-worm 0 0 0 m 9 # # 

Larch Casebearer «» ® © 

0 & 9 ® & & $ $ 

Birch Leaf Miner , 0 • • © « o » 

Eastern Tent Caterpillar « • * • 

Forest Tent Caterpillar 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly 

Red-pine Sawfly o * * » 

European Pine Sawfly * . 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly 0 * Neodiprion virginianus complex 

White Pine Weevil * 9 « * 

Larch Sawfly ••e*««»««# 


© © © © €> 

* « O 

o o © a o © ® 

o » o s © # 

O o © o e 

o © o o 0 o $ 

o o « 0 » e 

Choristoneura fumiferana 

Choristoneura pinus pinus 


Fenusa pusilla 

Malacosoma americanum 

Malacosoma disstria 

Neodiprion lecontei 


Neodiprion sertifer 

Pissodes strobi 

Pristiphora erichsonii 

• © © e 

D 7 

D 8 

D 9 

D 9 

D 10 

D 10 

D 12 

D 12 

D 13 

D 13 

D 13 

D 14 

D 14 

H. J.Weir

D 7 

Spruce Budworm ,, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) 

A general increase in population levels of this insect occurred in 

the southern part of the district in 1968. Severe defoliation of opengrown 

mature white spruce and balsam fir trees was observed along the 

Little White River road in Parkinson Township (see map). The current 

yeas foliage of both dominant and understory trees was approximately 

75 per cent defoliated in an area of about eight square miles. 

Population levels were generally higher at sample locations than 

in 1967 (Table 7). 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Larval Counts in the Sault Ste. Marie District 


Av. d.b.h. of sample Total no. of larvae 

Location trees in inches Per 20 tray sample 

(township) Host 1967 1968 1967 1968 

Aberdeen Addl. bF 5 5 5 

Hodgins wS 10 1 

Lefroy wS 12 12 57 46 

MacDonald 

Thessalon 

wS 

bF 

10 10 

8 

14 23 

10 

Defoliation and egg density studies were carried out in the fall to 

forecast defoliation for 1969 (Table 8). 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Defoliation and Egg Mass Counts 

in the Sault Ste. Marie District in 1968 

Notes Counts were based on the examination of a full branch 

from the mid crown of six trees at each location 

TABLE 8 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Per cent 

defoliation 

rrammw 

No. of egg masses 

per 100 sq. ft. of 

foliag 

* Probable 

defoliation 

in 1969 

Parkinson 

Parkinson 

169 

WS 

bF 

bF 

74 

16 

4 

571 

164 

0 

H 

H 

Nil - L 

* L - light; H - heavy

D8 

Jack-pine Budworm ; Choristoneura pinus pinusFree. 

Population levels of this insect continued to increase in the eastern 

part of the district in 1968 (see map). Severe defoliation of jack pine 

stands occurred in Eaten ; 1A and Haughton townships. Severe defoliation 

was also observed in a 3300-acre stand of red and jack pine in the Kirkwood 

Management Unit (see photograph), In these areas defoliation varied from 

30 to 93 per cent of the current foliage. Light defoliation of pure jack 

pine stands was observed in 7D, 2E and Parke townships. 

Egg density studies were carried out to forecast defoliation in 1969 

(Table 9). Surveys failed to reveal any natural control agents that could 

significantly reduce jack-pine budworm populations in 1969. A few dead 

larvae recovered from Kirkwood Township contained the fungus 

Beauvaria globulifera. Small numbers of cocoons of the parasite Apanteles sp. 

were found in foliage samples. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Jack-pine Budworm Defoliation and Egg Mass Counts 

in the Sault Ste, Marie District in 1968 and Defoliation Forecasts for 1969 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of one 24-inch branch tip 

from the mid crown of six trees at each location. 

Location 

Per cent 

Host defoliation 

No. of 

egg masses 

*Probable defoliation 

in 1969 

Haughton Twp. 

Lot 9 Con. II jP 86 0 Nil-L 

Lot 10 Con. I jP 30 0 Nil-L 

Kirkwood Twp. 

Lot 2 Con IV jP 35 0 Nil-L 

Lot 2 Con. B rP 35 2 M 

Lot 9 Con. V rP 35 1 L 

Lot 10 Con. IB rP 35 0 Nil-L 

Lot 12 Con. VI jP 85 22 S 

Lot 12 Con. BI rP 60 5 S 

Mount Lake jP 93 21 S 

Mount Lake jP 58 8 S 

Wells Twp. 

Lot 6 Con. V jP 15 Nil-L 

* L - light: m moderate; S severe.


DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 

2 SAULT STE. MARIE 

3 SUDBURY 

MILES 

0 2 0 


Areas and locations where defoliation 

was observed in 1968 

Legend 


Moderate defoliation 

Severe defoliation 

and CD 

and a 



DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 

MILES to 

JACK PINE BUDWORM 

Areas and locations where defoliation was 


Legend 



and 

•

D 9 


Population increases were observed at numerous locations throughout 

the district. Severe defoliation of approximately five acres of mature 

tamarack occurred along Highway 17 in the Garden River Indian Resery 

(see photograph). Low populations were recorded elsewhere in the district 

(Table 10). 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts in the Sault Ste, Marie District 


Note: Counts are based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips 


Location Av. d.b.h. of sample 

(township) trees in inches 

Av. no. of larvae er branch tip 

19 19 7 1968 

Garden River I.R. 10 3.50 4.50 122.18 

Kirkwood 5 3.10 6.00 6.40 

Parke 4 2.10 0.10 0.13 

Ryan 5 0.30 2.80 0.38 

Thessalon 5 

CROW 

6.70 5.81 

Wells 3 4.20 4.65 7.20 


A general decline in population levels of this insect occurred in the 

district in 1968. - Severe leaf damage was observed on ornamental European 

birch trees in the city of Sault Ste. Marie for the second consecutive year 

(Table 11). Bery little discolouration of foliage was apparent in natural 

birch stands. 

TABLE 11 

ummary of Birch Leaf Miner Counts in the Sa 


ie District 

Location 


(township) Host 1761----170 

Cobden 

5G 

3E 

Sault Ste. Marie 

wB 

wB 

wB 

European birch 

55 27 

29 45 

27 9 

1. • 

83

D 10 


A drastic reduction in populations of this insect occurred in 1968. 

For example in 1967 an average of 176 tents per sample location was counted 

compared with 4 tents in 1968 (Table 12). 

TABLE 12 


in the Sault Ste. Marie District in 1967 and 1968 

Location 

No. of tents per mile of roadside 

(township) Host 1967 19 4#: 

Aberdeen ecCh 137 0 

Aberdeen Add'l. ecCh 79 0 

Aberdeen Add'l. wAp 500 + 2 

Cobden ecCh 106 0 

Johnson ecCh 122 15 

Parkinson ecCh 113 10 


Generally infestations of this insect declined in extent and intensity 

in the district in 1968. The Blind River-Elliot Lake infestation remained 

virtually the same as in 1967, except that areas of moderate defoliation were 

observed in most maple and oak stands. The Sylvan Valley-Gordon Lake infestation 

declined in both area and intensity with severe defoliation occurring 

only in pure stands of poplar on ridges. Two small pockets of moderate to 

severe defoliation were observed on St. Joseph Island for the first time in 

the current infestation (see map). 

through-out The parasite, Sarcophaga aldrichi Park. was extremely abundant 

the infestations. Cocoon dissections in the field showed that parasitism 

was again heavy in most areas examined (Table 13).

D11 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Cocoon Mortality 

in the Sault St:. Marie District in 1967 and 1968 

Based on the Dissection of 100 Cocoons at each Location 

Location 

(township) 

Emerged Parasitized 

19 • 7 1968 1967 19 8 

Diseased 


Predatio 


Day 37 9 63 82 0 9 0 0 

Patton 43 6 56 89. 0 5 1 0 

Plummer 6 21 93 69 1 10 0 

Proctor 21 10 78 o 3 1 0 

Striker 8 9 92 84 0 2 0 5 

Egg band surveys in the fall indicate a further reduction in populations 

will occur in the district in 1969 (Table Lo 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Band Counts in 1968 

and Defoliation Forecast for 1969 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.b. 


in inches 

Av. no. of egg 

banks per tree 

1967 19 (0: 

*Infestation forecast 

for 1969 

Aberdeen 8 263 4.0 

Haughton 6 0.7 0.0 Nil 

Jocelyn 3 0.7 009 L 

MacDonald 4 12.0 103 H 

Meredith -6 2003 -0.-0 

Morin 5 6.0 0.0 Nil 

Parkinson 4 2.0 0.3 L 

Plummer 6 66.6 14.6 S 

Proctor 12 128.3 54. S 

Spragge 10 67.7 22.6 S 

Striker 5 54.0 3.3 L 

Thomson 9 39.3 15.6 S 

149 8 3.0 1.6 

* L light; M moderate; S – severe.

D 12 


Little change in population levels of this insect occurred in the 

southern part of the district. Severe defoliation was observed on red 

pine shelterbelts along Highway 17 between Thessalon and Cutler. A 

heavy infestation persisted in young red pine plantings in the 

Garden River Indian Reserve where an average of 1.9 colonies per tree 

was counted at one location (Table 15). Scattered colonies were observed 

along Highways 108 and 639 north of Elliot Lake. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts 


Note: Counts were taken on 100 trees at each location* 

Ave height 

Per cent 

Location of sample trees of trees Av. no. of colonies 

(township) in feet infested per infested tree 

Cobden 6 13 1.0 

Garden River I. R. 3 100 1.9 

Gladstone 8 10 1.0 

Long 10 12 1.0 

Striker 15 50 2.2 


The medium infestation that has persisted in Kirkwood Township since 

1964 declined to low intensity in 1968 (Table 16). A pocket of medium 

infestation in Wells Township virtually disappeared, only one colony being 

observed in the area. A light infestation persisted near Pointe aux Pins__ 

in Parke Township. 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Red-pine Sawfly Colony Counts 


Location 

(township) 

Kirkwood 

Parke 

Wells 

Host 

rP 

jP 

jP 

Total no. of colonies 

per 100 tree sample 

16 

122 

1


DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 

SAULT STE. MARIE 

Areas 

FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR 

where defoliation occurred in 1968 

Legend 


Moderate to severe 

defoliation 


D 13 


The discovery of this serious pest of pine in the city of Sault Ste. 

Marie in 1968 represented a major westward spread in distribution of the 

insect in Ontario (see map and photograph), Moderate defoliation of 

individual ornamental Mugho and Scots pine trees occurred in the eastern 

part of the city. Examination of balled stock at local nurseries showed 

that stock recently obtained from nurseries in infested areas in southern 

Ontario contained larvae of this insect. 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion virginianus c plex 

An increase in population levels of this insect occurred in the 

eastern part of the district (Table 17). Moderate defoliation of road= 

side jack pine trees was observed along Highway 129 near Peshu Lake and 

on Highway 108 between Serpent River and Elliot Lake. Scattered colonies 

were observed in other parts of the district. 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts 


Av. d.b.h. 

Location of sample trees Total no. of colonies 

(township) in inches per 100 trees 

Esten 2 48 

Gras sett 13 

1A 

3 21. 

2E 2 13 

4D 2 16 

5D 2 32 

White Pine Weevil s Pissodes strobi (Peck) 

There was little change in the amount of shoot damage caused by this 

insect in 1968 (Table 18). Heavy infestations persisted in the Garden River 

Indian Reserve , neaL Wharncliffe and near Mississauga Falls. Moderat 

infestations were observed in the Kirkwood Management Unit and in Township 1B 

near Mount Lake. Low populations were observed throughout the remainder of' 

the district.

D 14 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White Pine Weevil 

in the Sault Ste. Marie District in 1967 and 1968 

Location No. of trees Per cent of trees infested 

(township) Host examined 1967 1968 

Cobden wP 100 19 16 

Garden R. I.R. wP 100 23 21 

Kirkwood wP 229 -- 4 

Rose wP 231 12 10 

Wells scP 100 56 55 

1B jP 100 — 12 

Ce=11:M.1.71.0:61•0. 


Little change in population levels of this sawfly was observed in the 

district. Severe defoliation of larch stands occurred in Parkinson, Lewis 

and Eaten townships. Moderate defoliation persisted in Parke and Ryan 

townships. Light defoliation of roadside trees was observed throughout 

the remainder of the district. 

TABLE 19 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Sault Ste. Marie District 



Acleris variana Fern. bF, US Common on beating tray 

samples 

Acrobasis betulella Hulst. European One tree heavily infested in 

birch Sault Ste. Marie 

Amphibolips confluenta Harr. r0 Light infestation near 

Hiawatha Park 

Anisota rubicunda Fabr. rM Moderate defoliation in 

Lefroy Twp. 

Aphrophora parallela Say jP, wP, rP 

Heavy infestation in Kirkwo 

Management Unit , common in 

district


DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 




Legend 


Moderate infestation 

a

15 



tgeetwer.sa=reamssecuerstraceraerareotan• 


Trace infestation near 

Hiawatha Park 

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch ecCh Tents common in district 

Arge pectoralis Leach yB Few colonies in Lefroy Twp. 

Bucculatrix canadensisella wB Light infestation in Montreal 

Cham. 

River area 

Caliroa ceresi Linn. Cherry Moderate infestation in 


Cephalcia marginata Midd. rP Few web spinning sawflies 

in Thomson Twp. 

Conophthorus resinosae Hopk. rP Numerous shoots infested 

in Lewis Twp. 

Croesus latitarsus Nort. yB Few colonies on Tribag Mine Rd. 

Croesia semipurpurana Kft. r0 Heavy infestation in Parke 

and Prince twps. 

Dendroctenus obesus Mann. wS Several dead trees , heavy 

infestation of beetles 

Diprion hercyniae Htg. wS Low populations at sampling 

stations 

Eacles Imperialis-pini rP Few larvae on roadside trees 

Michener in Thomson Twp. 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. European Few larvae on ornamental tree 

birch in Sault Ste. Marie 

Erannis tiliaria Harr. sM Low populations in 

Parkinson Twp. 

Fenusa dohrnii Tischb. Al Common wherever host was examined 

Macrophya punctumalbum L. Privet Few larvae on hedges in 


Nematus erythrogaster Nort. 

Al Low populations on Ranger Lake 

Rd.

D 16 

19 (concluded 


Nematus populi Marl.. 

Hosts) 

to 

Remarks 

Few larvae in Lefroy Twp. 

Neodiprion pratti paradoxicus 

Ross 


jP Few colonies in Aweres and 

Parke twps. 

wS Few larvae on beating tray 

samples 

Phenacaspis pinifoliae Fitch 


Pineus similis Gill. 

jP 

wS , bS 

bS 

Heavy infestation in Parke 

and Tarentorus twps. 

Severe defoliation along 

Highway 17 east from Thessalon 

to Cutler. Light defoliation 

at numerous other locations 

Heavy infestation in Wells 

Plagodis alcoolaria Gn. 

Podosesia syringae Harr. 


Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

Tetralopha expandens Wlk. 

Toumeyella numi aticum 

P. McD. 

yB 

Lilac 

wB 

r0 

jP 

Few colonies on roadside 

trees on Tribag Mine Rd. 

One tree heavily infested 

in Sault Ste. Marie 

Low populations in Parke 

and Prince twps. 

Moderate infestation in 3H 

and 4F twps. 

Common in one stands 

Lefroy Twp. 

Light infestation in Parke Twp.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE SUDBURY DISTRICT 

Page 

Pine Spittlebug Aphrophora parallela D 17 

Spruce Budworm ............ Choristoneura fumiferana D 17 

Jack-pine Budworm Choristoneura pinus pinus D 18 

Larch Casebearer . . o Coleophora laricella D 18 

European Spruce Sawfly ........ Diprion hercyniae D 19 

Forest Tent Caterpillar ........ Malacosoma disstria D 19 

Red-headed Pine Sawfly ........ Neodiprion lecontei D 19 

Red-pine Sawfly and . . . Neodiprion nanulus nanulus D 20 

Black-headed Jack-pine Sawfly . . . . o Neodiprion pratti banksianae D 20 

European Pine Sawfly . . . Neodiprion sertifer D 20 

Swaine Jack-pine Sawfly . . . . . . . . Neodiprion swainei D 21 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly . . . . . . Neodiprion virginianus complex D 21 

White Pine Weevil Pissodes strobi D 22 

Larch Sawfly ............. Pristiphora erichsonii D 22 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects 0..............*•• D 23 

E. L. Houser

D 17 

Pine Spittle Bug, Aphrophora parallela Say 

High populations of this insect have persisted for four consecutive 

years in Scots pine plantations on Manitoulin Island. The most severely 

damaged trees were observed in Gordon s Sandfield , Dawson , and Billings 

townships. Damage was characterized by loss of vigor, browning foliages 

and dried out twigs. Low populations were observed on white and jack 

pine stands in Allen, Struthers, Travers, N and B townships. 


Population levels of the spruce budworm increased sharply in the 

district in 1968. Moderate to severe defoliation was observed at two 

locations, the larger comprising an area of about 17 , 500 acres occurred 

in Fairbank and Creighton townships in Division 70. A smaller pocket of 

about 300 acres was observed in Asquith Township in the eastern part of 

the Gogama Division (see map). Ground surveys showed higher larval 

populations than in 1967 (Table 7). 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Larval Counts in the Sudbury District 



Location Av. d.b.h. of sample per 20 tray sample 

(township) Host trees in inches 1967 1968 

Balfour wS 8 26 131 

Hallam bF 5 4 

Hart wS 10 10 

Nairn bF 6 2 4 

Salter wS 10 10 70 

Defoliation and egg mass surveys carried out at several locations to 

forecast population levels in 1969 are shown in Table 8. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Spruce Budworm Egg and Defoliation Estimates 

for 1969 

Cumulative no. of egg 1969 defoliation 

Location % Defoliation masses/100 sq. ft. of foliage forecast * 

Asquith 35 1440 S 

Fairbank 47.5 435 M 

Hazens 22 40 L 

Kelvin 6 43 L 

Stethan 14 8 

* L - light; M moderate; S - severe

jP 

0.1 

D la 

Jack-pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free 

A further increase in population levels of this insect occurred in 

the district in 1968. A medium infestation persisted on flowering trees 

in a Scots pine plantation in Gordon Township. Pockets of moderately 

defoliated jack pine trees were observed in Allen Township near Hartley 

Bay (Table 9) and a band of light infestation was observed along the 

north shore of the French River (see map). Light infestations were also 

observed in Noble and Hallam townships. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Larval Counts of the Jack Pine Budworm 

in the Sudbury District in 1968 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of four 18–inch branch tips 

from each of four trees at each location 

MEC 

Location 

(township) 

Host 



/1111116•1211ZUM 

Total number 

of larvae per location 

Allen 

Scollard 

jP 

5 

4-6 

44 

28 

Larch Casebearer. Coleophora laricella Hbn. 

This insect declined in numbers throughout the district (Table 10). 

Several heavily defoliated larch trees were observed approximately six 

miles north of Providence Bay in Campbell Township , Manitoulin Island. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Larval Counts of the Larch Casebearer in the Sudbury Di strict 


Notes Counts are based on the examination of four 18 inch branch tips 


Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of sample Av. no. of larvae per 18–in. branch tip 

trees in inches 1966 1967 1968 

Cascaden 4 0.8 7.2 0.1 

Delamere 4 

0.1 0.2 

Dill 5 5.2 1.1 0.1 

Hallam 5 1.5 8.1 0.4


DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 

MILES 

20 




Legend 

Light defoliation and (1) 




• and


DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 




Legend 



(1) and

D 19 


Surveys showed a further decrease in population levels of this 

insect (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts on White Spruce Trees 

in Sudbury District from 1966 to 1968 

Location 

(township) 



Total no. of larvae per 15 tray sample 

1966 1967 1968 

Bigwood 12 160 

cooata 

11 

Billings 10 52 14 5 

Denison 12 10 10 

Hagar 10 48 9 

Hallam 10 31 26 8 

Forest Tent Caterpillar ,, Malacosoma disstria Hbn. 

A considerable increase in population levels of the forest tent 

caterpillar occurred in the southwestern part of the district (see map). 

This represented an extension of the infestation from the southeastern 

part of the Sault Ste. Marie District. Trembling aspen within this area 

of approximately 120 square miles was moderately to severely defoliated@ 

Infestations in Merritt Township and near Mindemoya on Manitoulin Island 

declined in 1968. Egg band surveys carried out in Shedden Township 

averaged 17 egg bands per tree indicating that high populations can occur 

in that area in 1969. 

Red Headed Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch) 

A general decline in the numbers of colonies occurred at sample 

locations (Table 12). Scattered colonies were observed in red pine windbreaks 

along Highway 17 in Victoria and Salter townships. A few colonies 

were also observed in Scots pine plantations in Gordon Township on 

Manitoulin Island. Population levels in a formerly heavily infested re 

pine plantation on Cockburn Island declined to a very low level.

D 20 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Red-headed Pine Sawfly Colony Counts on 100 Red Pine Trees 

at Two Locations in Sudbury District from 1966 to 1968 

Av. height of sample No. of trees Av. no of colonies 

Location trees in feet infested per infested tree 

(township) in 1968 1966 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968 

Burwash 10 30 4 -- 1.9 ' 1.5 

Hallam 11 10 6 2 7.7 3.0 1.0 

Red Pine Sawfly„ Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. and 

Black-headed Jack-pine Sawfly , Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. 

Populations of these two species of sawflies remained low in 1968. 

Light defoliation of jack pine trees was observed at several locations 

throughout the district (see map). N, pratti banksianae was found at all 

quantitative sample points except on Cloche Island (Table 13). Scattered 

colonies of N. nanulus nanulus were observed on both red and jack pine 

trees near Shakwa Lake in B Township. 

TABLE 13 

Colony Counts of Jack and Red Pine Sawflies on 100 Jack Pine Trees 

at Each Location in the Sudbury District in 1968 

Location 

(township) 



Av. no. of colonies per tre 


(31 

Cloche Island 4 .33 

Hanmer 

- -5 

Nairn 7 .06 

Rathburn 6 .09 

European Pine Sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff) 

Intensive surveys carried out in Scots pine plantations on Manitoulin 

Island showed no appreciable change in population levels of this sawfly 

(Table 14). Dead larvae found near West Bay contained only insignificant 

amounts of bacteria. No polyhedral virus was recovered at any location.


DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 

CHAPLE AU 

SAULT STE. MARIE 

SUDBURY 

MILES 

20 


Areas where defoliation occurred in 1968 

Legend 


Moderate to severe 

defoliation 



DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 

MILES 

0 2 0 




Legend 


Moderate infestation

D21 

TABLE 14 

Summary of European Pine Sawfly Colony Counts on Scots Pine 

on Manitoulin Island , Sudbury District , 1967 and 1968 

Av. height of No. of trees Total no. Average no. of 

Location sample trees examined of colonies colonies trees 

(township) in feet 1967 1967 1968 1967 1968 

Billings 6 4350 3156 173 26 .039 .008 

Carnarvon 8 500 872 4 20 .008 .09.4 

Dawson 6 2750 1456 21 42 .008 .029 

Gordon 7 3140 3420 52 83 .016 .024 

Sandfield 7 800 679 16 42 .020 .064 

..179111, 

Swaine Jack-pine Sawfly ,ion swainei Midd. 

A general increase in populations of this sawfly occurred in the district. 

Medium infestations were observed on small islands in Shakwa and Onaping 

lakes. Most of the larger trees in the Onaping infestation have been killed 

by repeated defoliation. Light infestations were observed in Morgan,, 

Jennings and Chester townships (see map). 


No appreciable change in population levels was observed in the district 

in 1968. A heavy infestation in Groves Township persisted for the third 

consecutive year (Table 15). The heavy infestation near Birch Creek on 

Highway 17 declined to a very low level. Low populations were observed at 

scattered locations elsewhere in the district (see map). 

TABLE 15 

Summary Red-headed Jack pine Sawfly Colony Counts in the Sudbury District 


Notes Based on the examination of 100 jack-pine trees at each point. 

Location Av. d.b.h. of sample Av. no, of colonies 

(township) trees in inches per trees 

Burpee 4 0.2 

Burrows 3 2.9 

Groves 3 3.6

D22 


Populations of this insect increased generally in the district in 

1968 with infestations in numerous plantations throughout the central 

and southern part of the district (Table 16). In addition to the 

locations in Table 16, light leader damage was observed on Scots, white 

and jack pine trees in Delamere, Hart, Denison and Burwash townships. 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White Pine Weevil 

in the Sudbury District in 1968 

Note Counts were made on 100 trees at each location. 

Location 

Per cent of trees 

(township) Host infested in 1968 

Baldwin scP 38 

Hallam scP 32 

Hart JP 3 

Merritt jP B 

Norman jP 0 

119 jP 6 

Larch Sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii Htg 

For the past three years population levels of this insect have remained 

low in the district, however a significant increase in numbers occurred in 

1968. Medium infestations were observed in small stands of larch in Baldwin, 

May and Salter townships in the southwestern part of the district, and low 

numbers were observed at scattered locations in the central part of the 

district. Examination of European larch plantations on Cockburn Island in 

-Tate September showed a low incidence of curled tips and little defoliation

I 

SUDBURY DISTRICT 

ROBUN "'DIN 

DALE 

EMERALD 

MARION 

MEAGAN 

MALLARD 

r.co 

Legend 

Red-headed jack-pine sawfly 

Swaines jack-pine sawfly 

Red-pine sawfly 

Black-headed jack-pine sawfly (D 

Red-headed pine sawfly 

CD 

JO 

ma mew 1 BLEWETT 

le 

77 1,9,,,, SHELLEY 

• 

ETERSEY 

AIHLONE 

_d_ 

■ 

EULA 

STOLL 1414E100 

, A y LAMRMAN LEAs, VALIN (i l „,,,,,,, 

DUBLIN °NARDI,. SC0774 E nAINDMAR4 

DU BAR 

COTTON 

SERE.70 ARO GRIGG 

ELLIS 

SELKIRK 

HONEY MARCONI 

t 

ORSE ANERIm 

STRALAK 

ULSTE 

4 

EMO 

RHOD SAW OtELH A\Y KA N 20 :MR° EhT 

nIMENt HUM 

TYRONE 

fRALEC 

IELFER AmoNE, 

I KELLY 

114 108 (1) 

CAPREOL 

DAVIS 

/39 1,71 12S I 120 ACHESONS 107 rRAEI)( 

38 /3/ 174 /19 'BIGELOW VERNON T07TEN 

TRILL 

137 1301 123 118 P PORTER LAYMAN 

Uk SON 

APPLEB 

NAGLE 129 7ENNYSOM Gou, 84 

Vet)t.K,, 

LOUISE 

EOM 

SXEOOEN 41,4 140R- MA 

BEviN HAL/fA l 

SERVOS 

ERR/MAN 

--,,:_. 

--577:-JIIcti::0 

CORTIN". IALIN 

GOSCNEN 4771Er 

SALE 

WALD1E 

COSBY 

' If 

CHANNEL 

, 4 

' ''' Y ( 3 t'-‘ --- q 

S 

LARNEY 

CARLYLE IMAM 

IIMISOLOn 

„----1 –,1( 1116.. en, 

OCIMIIIN f'i,, 

75NOWLAND I 

DAWSON fal ---;16 -r ALLAN LBL8AYN /7 \ 

GoRii ' 

ROBINSON /1-‘ 

at ELL Si"1” 

" 

..) 1 ) 

A aw,,,,t 179-- - '--) -BILLINGS 

MILLS 7. 

, ,/ 1,4( _ _ 

',-/ 

'----,---n 

4, ' ' 

CAMPBELL 

.11.1. 

IU 

---,-,-, „, NARVONS"DnaD: ' ASS76INACI; 

.., 

J--- 

'N--, 

7171KOMMAN 

-1..„ 

MILES 

40 

NEODIPRION SAWFLIES 

Locations where Neodiprion 

sawflies were observed in 

1968

D 23 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Sudbury District 


Host(s) 

Remark 

Acleris gallicolana Clem. 


wS bF 

One observation made 

Jack Twp. 

Found commonly in small 

numbers throughout the 

district 

Acrobasis betulella Hlst. wB 

Adelges strobilobius Kalt. wS 

Anchylopera discigerana Wlk. wB 

Small numbers in Shedden and 

Neelon twps. 

Heavily infected trees at one 

location in McCarthy Twp 

Low numbers in Jennings Twp. 

Anisota rubicunda Fabr. rM Several colonies along 

Highway 17 in Victoria Twp. 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) ecCh, Heavily infested clumps of 

PCh shrubs in Salter 119, 

Bigwood and Bidwell twp 


----Choristoneura conflictana 

Choristoneura rosaceana Harr. 

Croesia semipurpurana (Kft.) 

bF 

Few larvae in beating sample 

in Cosby , Hoskin and Cockburn 

twp. 

Small numbers in Gouin 

Low numbers found in Gouin, 

Cosby and Fairbank twps. 

Few heavily infested trees 

in Shedden Twp. 

Croesus latitarsus Nort. wB 

Light defoliation of undertory 

trees in Burpee Twp., 

Manitoulin Island 

Danaus plexippus (L.) 

Milkweed Numerous larvae in Gordon Twp0, 

Manitoulin Island

D24 


• Insect Host(s) Remarks 

Datana ministra Dru. wB 

Small numbers in Attlee Twp. 

Dioryctria abietivorella Grt. JP Few larvae in Merritt Twp. 


Found in three locations in 

the Gogama Division 

Eacles imperialis pini Michener wP Few larvae found in Bigwood 

Twp. 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. wB„ Po 

Erannis tiliaria (Harr.) and r0, wB 

Phigalia titea Cr. 

Lightly infested trees in 

Burpee, Shedden and B twps. 

A small pocket of severely 

defoliated red oak trees in 

Gordon Twp., Manitoulin 

Island 

Exoteleia pinifoliella Cham. jP This leaf miner found at 

several locations in southern 


Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) wB Occurred commonly in low 

numbers throughout the 

district 

Feralia jocosa Gn. wS Low populations at four 

locations in the Gogama 

Division 

Gonioctena americana Schaef. tA Light defoliation in GouinTwp. 

and other locations in the 

Gogama Division 

Halisidota maculata Harr. tA Low numbers in Victoria Twp. 

Hydriomena divisaria Wlk. wS Small numbers in Salter ,, Dawson,„ 

Cosby and Cockburn twps. 

Hypagyrtis piniata Pack. bF Low numbers in Noble, Nairn 

and B twps. 

Hyphantria cunea Dru. wB,, W Several colonies observed in 

Killarney. Victoria and 

McKim twps.

D 25 



Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria 

Guen. 

wS Larvae found at several 

locations on the western end 

of Manitoulin Island 

Lithocolletis betulivora Clem. wB 

Leaf mining at widely 

scattered locations in Jennings, 

Moncreiff , Valin and Dunbar 

twps. 

Malacosoma americanum (F.) 

PChp 

ecCh 

Moderate population levels in 

Bidwell Twp. where 39 colonies 

were counted along one mile of 

roadside. Low populations at 

seven other locations in 

southern part of the district. 

Malacosoma californicum pluviale pCh 

(Dyar) 


locations in the northern part 




eC 

tA 

Low populations in Roblin Twpo, 

Gogama Division 

Several colonies on understory 

aspen in Moncreiff Twp. 


W Several colonies along lak 

shore , Fairbank Twp. 


(Harr. 

Oligonychus ununguis (Jac.) 

Pamphiliidae 



bF, wS 

bF 

jPo rP, 

wS 

jP 

Scattered colonies in Noble 

and Jack—twps. 

Few trees infested in M ncreiff 

Twp. 

Sawflies found at widely 

scattered locations in southern 

part of district 

Low incidence of pitch nodules 

in Bigwood, N, Scotia and 

Cockburn twps. 

Low populations throughout 

the district

D 26 



Pikonema dimmockii Cress, wS Low populations found at 12 

scattered locations in the 

district 

Pineus similis Gill. wS 

Few individual trees heavily 

infested on Cockburn Island 

Pissodes approximatus Hopk. wS Observed at one location in 

Billings Twp. 


Mo Occurred commonly in the 

northeastern part of district 

Pristiphora lena Kincaid wS Low numbers in Gouin , Cosby 

and Fairbank twps. 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) wB Occurred in low numbers at 

several locations in the 

northern part of district 

Protoboarmia porcelaria 


wS Low populations in Hoskin and 

Denison twps. 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. tA Low populations in Gouin Twp. 

Sciaphila duplex Wlshm. tA Low populations in Gouin Twp. 

Semiothisa signaria dispuncta Wlk. wS Few larvae found in Dawson, 

Hoskin , Cosby and Drury twps, 

TomeyelIa numismaticum P.& MtD. Individual trees infested at 

locations in Bigwood, 

Cherryman and Hallam twps© 

Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. & Free. wS 

Low numbers at one location 

in Capreol Twp. 

Zelleria haimbachi Busck. jP Occurred in low numbers in B, 

Allen , and Appleby twps.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE CHAPLEAU DISTRICT in 1968 

Page 

Birch Sawfly • ••••• # « • 0 

A Gelechiid 0 « « « « « # # « o 

Spruce Budworm •o««««««« 

Jack-pine Budworm • • • • • • # 

Larch Casebearer 00000000 

o • e 

Birch Leaf Miner #•••00*0 Fenusa pusilla 

D 30 

Western Tent Caterpillar 

0 o o 0 o # 0 

Red-pine Sawfly 00000000 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly 0 0 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly # . 

Larch Sawfly 0000000*00 

Mountain Ash Sawfly * 0 

Anber-marked Birch Leaf Miner 

Profenusa thomsoni D 33 

Spruce Bud Midge 

Pine Tip Moth # 

0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

0 0 0 O 0 O O O O 

Arge pectoralis 

D 27 

Chionodes obscurusella 

D 27 

Choristoneura fumiferana D 27 

Choristoneura pinus pinus D 29 


D 30 

Malacosoma californicum pluviale D 31 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus D 32 

Neodiprion virginianus complex D 32 

Pikonema alaskensis D 32 

Pristiphora erichsonii D 32 

Pristiphora geniculata D 33 

Rhabdophaga swainei D 34 

Rhyacionia adana D 34 


0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 © © D 34 

Wayne Ingram

D 27 

Birch Sawfly, Arge pectoralis (Leach) 

Numerous light infestations were observed in the district on opengrown 

white birch regeneration. One area of moderate to heavy defoliation 

was recorded in Ivanhoe Provincial Park in Ivanhoe Township where trees 

up to ten feet in height were stripped of foliage (see photo). The 

affected trees were open grown along a sandy beach in an area of 

approximately ten acres. 

A Gelechiid, Chionodes obscurusella Cham. 

This Gelechiid on Manitoba maple has become well established in the 

town of Chapleau in the past few years. Manitoba maple trees up to 60 feet 

in height have been severely defoliated for the past two years and some 

branch mortality has occurred. Because of damage by this insect and an 

unidentified disease condition numerous trees have been removed as a safety 

measure. To date only Manitoba maple trees have been affected. 


A major increase in the extent and intensity of spruce budworm infestations 

occurred in the district in 1968 (see map). 

The infestation east of Chapleau, comprising about 108 square miles in 

1967, spread northward and eastward into Division 68 to cover an area of 

approximately 320 square miles. Varying degrees of defoliation were recorded 

in a triangular area from Cochrane and Gamey townships north to Copperfield 

Township. Pockets of light to severe defoliation are forecast for this area 

in 1969 (Table 7). To the east moderate defoliation occurred in an area of 

about 700 acres in Ivanhoe Township and a smaller pocket of moderate defoliation 

was recorded in Keith Township. Moderate to severe defoliation is 

forecast for this area in 1969. 

- - 

Host stands in an area of approximately 450 square miles in the northern 

part of the Chapleau District and the southern portion of the Kapuskasing 

District suffered light to heavy defoliation. This infestation extended from 

Nebotik to Belford townships in the Chapleau District through Spruce and 

balsam stands that escaped the last major outbreak. Generally moderate to 

light defoliation was found in the area but pockets of heavy defoliation 

occurred in Kapuskasing, Conking and Amunsden townships. A general build-up 

is expected in this area in 1969 and severe infestations can be expected in 

Wadsworth, Steffanson, Kapuskasing, Conking and Amunsden townships. 

Because of the importance of the insect and the probability of major 

increases in population levels intensive surveys are planned for the 1969 

field season.

M 

D28 

TABLE 7 

A Summary of Egg Cluster Counts, Current Defoliation Tallies 

and Defoliation Forecasts for 1969 in the Chapleau District 

Per cent No. of egg clusters 

Location 

defol. per 100 sq. ft. 

(township) (specific location) in 1968 of foliage 

Forecast 

for 1969 

Amunsden Lot 9 Con. IV 63 298 S 

Barclay Camp grounds 27 118 S 

Borden Lot 8 Con. III 43 250 S 

Chewett Lot 6 Con, II 23 84 M 

Lot 7 Con. I * 24 60 

Cochrane W. bay of Henderson Lake 2 10 L-M 

W. bay of Chapleau River 2 Nil-L 

Lot 5 Con, III 2 Nil-L 

Lot 8 Con. II 2 22 L41 

Lot 9 Con, II * 47 62 M 

Conking Lot 13 Con, IX 33 55 

Lot 2 Con. IV 61 242 S 

Lot 9 Con, VI 13 13 L 

Copperfield Shewabik Lake 22 62 

Dale Lot 5 Con, VII 10 32 L=M 

D'arcy E. bay of Henderson Lake 6 10 L 

Upper end of D'arcy Lake 13 

C.1=3 Nil-L 

S.W. end of Henderson Lake 3 Nil-L 

E. bay of Racine Lake 9 12 L 

W. bay of Racine Lake 19 27 L-M 

Enid S.W. corner of Township 2 N-L 

Foleyet Lot 7 Con. II * 46 135 M-S 

Gallagher Lot 12 Con. V 3 Nil-L 

Lot 12 Con. V * 1 Nil-L 

Horwood Lot 2 Con. III 12 57 

Ivanhoe Lot 14 Con. IX 42 132 

M-S 

Kapuskasing Lot 2 Con. IX 59 25 L-M 

Lot 16 Con. VIII 10 80 

Keith Lot 9 Con. VIII * 25 72 

Lerwick N.W. corner of Township 30 16 L 

Lougheed Long Lake 12 48 

S.E. corner of Township 7 50

CHAPLEAU DISTRICT 

NEBOTI 


DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 

MILES 

0 20 




Legend 




!"' • 

and (1). 

and II 



DISTRICTS 

1 CHAPLEAU 


3 SUDBURY 




Legend 



OD and

141 

D 29 

TA 7 (concluded) 

Location 

(township) 

(specific location) 

Per cent No. of egg clusters 

defol. per 100 sq. ft. 

in 1968 of foliage 

Forecast 

for 1969 

McGee Lot 7 Con. VI 22 60 M 

Lot 1 Con. B 46 722 

Lot 9 Con. II 43 125 

Mont calm Lot 10 Con. III 7 6 L 

Nebotic Lot 2 Con. III 24 10 L 

N.E. corner of Township 10 80 M 

Ossin Ossin Lake 9 35 L-M 

Penhorwo o d Lot 27 Con. I 3 22 L-M 

Lot 26 Con. VI 12 57 M 

Racine N.E. Bay of Racine Lake 7 7 L 

Lot 8 Con. I 2 Nil-L 

Old mill site 11 12 L 

Sadler Robson Lake 21 200 S 

Silk Lot 28 Con. XII 5 54 M 

Steffanson Little Steffanson Lake 25 190 S 

Wadsworth Paul Lake 36 

MS 

Little Paypeeskek River 25 180 S 

Lot 17 Con. V 30 117 M-S 

E. side of Township 30 73 14 

Komak Lake 17 40 L=M 

* Based on regular six branch sample. 

Jack-pine Budworm , Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. 

A general increase in population levels of this insect was recorded in 

the district in 1968. An area of light defoliation was observed near 

Flame Lake in. Township 8D on planted white pine and natural jack-pine trees. 

Low populations were observed in Calais and 11C townships as well as Township 43 

and Township 23 Range 16. Low numbers of moths were obtained in the black 

light trap set up in Panet Township from mid-July to the end of August.

D 30 


An increase in numbers of this insect was observed in the district in 

1968. A pocket of heavy infestation occurred in Chapleau Township and light 

infestations persisted in Hoey and Muskego townships and in Township 29 

(Table 8). Negative results were obtained at sample points in Nimitz Township 

and in Township 9D. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts in the Chapleau District 


Note2 Counts were based on the examination of four 18" branch tips 


Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of sample Average number of larva 

trees in inches per 18' branch tip 

1966 

16 


Muskego Chapleau 

29 

Hoey 

4 

6 

5 

5 

0.6 0 19.7 

0 .4 

11.1.1•■ CaZI■ 

1.5 

3.0 .9 2.8 

Birch Leaf Miners Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) 

An increase in population levels of this insect was noted in the 

district in 1968. First recorded in 1966 , the insect is now well 

established in the southern portion of the district (Table 9). Defoliation 

in a pocket of infestation in Durban Township increased from 58 

per cent in 1966 to 82 per cent in 1968. A heavy infestation was also 

recorded on roadside regeneration in Township 22 Range 17. Numerous 

light infestations were recorded elsewhere in the district and alder as 

well as white birch was infested in Township 11G.

D 31 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Damage Caused by the Birch Leaf Miner in the Chapleau District 


Note: Counts were based on a total of 100 leaves from four branches 

from each of three trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) Host(s) 


trees in feet Percentage of leaves mined 

11G wB 

11G Alder 

Durban wB 

22 Range 17 wB 

32 wB 

12 

5 

12 

20 

8 

21 

a 

82 

32 

9 

Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale Dyar 

A general increase in population levels was noted in the district in 

1968. The highest number of colonies was observed in Chapleau Township 

where five tents per mile of roadside were counted (Table 10). Elsewhere 

in the district occasional tents were observed on roadside pin cherry and 

white birch. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Larval Colony Counts 

in the Chapleau District from 1966 to 1968 

— - - - - 

Location 

- Host(s) 

ANCOMEZE:BE 

Number of tents er mile of roadside 

• -- 1 

8D 

11C 

Chapleau 

Floranna 

Marshall 

Panet 

Silk 

pCh 

pCh 

pCh, wB 

pCh, wB 

pCh 

pCh 

pCh 

3 

1 

6 

1 

12 

0 1 

1 2 

5 

5 4 

3 

3

D 32 

Red-pine Sawfly, Neodi rion nanulus nanulus Schedl 

This insect declined in numbers compared with the past three years° 

One area of very light infestation was observed in Chapleau Township 

where a count of 0.8 colonies per tree was recorded. An overall average 

of 2.2 colonies per tree was recorded in 1967 compared with an average 

of 0.3 colonies per tree in 1968. 


This insect occurred commonly in small numbers in the district in 1968. 

A pocket of heavy defoliation persisted near Woman River in Benton Township 

for the fourth consecutive year. Light infestations were observed at 

numerous locations in the remainder of the district (Table 11). 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts 


Location 

(township) 



Average no. of colonies per tree 

1966 1967 1968 

9D 2 0.3 2.4 0 

Panet 3 0 0.1 0.2 

Wakami 

4 0.2 0.5 0.1 

Brutus 3 0.1 0.1 0.3 

Benton 4 0.6 5.5 5.2 

Ivanhoe 3 0.7 0.3 0,4 

Durban 4■1,1190 

3 1.8 

Halsey Cco 

2 0.8 

28 =MCC. V.DCS) 

4 0.4 

MSISMMIN 

YelIow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

Light to moderate defoliation was observed on individual trees in the 

district in 1968. Severe defoliation persisted on 12-foot trees in the 

Catholic cemetery in Chapleau and on a windbreak in the Chapleau nursery. 


Numerous pockets of defoliation were observed in the district in 1968. 

Heavy defoliation was recorded on roadside trees in the townships of Stover., 

Rennie and Borden and in Township 46. Light to moderate defoliation occurred 

in larch stands along Highway 129 south in townships 10D, 11D, 10E and 9D. 

Light infestations were observed in Muskego, Silk, Horwood and Chewett town= 

ships.

CHAPLEAU DISTRICT 

BM LAND RAMSDEN Try/s0 COLLIN EVA S RAC/NE 

BELFORD MONTCALM FORTUNE 

LOUGHEED OSSIN NOVA STRACH 

oPniumu'l FOLEYET MUSKEGO REEVES 

ALCORN 

WARRf 

CARTY 

IVANHOE 

ERHORWOOD 

25 

:vim DARCY hoGEE CHEWETT 

HELLYER "Gs WRIGNAM 

HARDIMAN 

hilI CXHRANE Nom GAMEY DIANrEEs) sRw0AUyzOE 

CDOPOPRE ELLNEWTON 

IMNAUGHT NALCRO 

IX2 

TOOM5 GREENIAW NIMASHE GARNET 

BENTON 

24 

Es • 'sup: 

23 22 

1XIX 

1111IT 64"1114 

iIC 

MCI 

1111111111 

me me 

22 BL A MEY F AWN 

MGO 

ESTHER OSWAY Hop 

EDITH FINGAL ARBUTUS 

CAREW ALCONA 

HALL JOFFRE 

SMUTS 

7Z IRIS 

es' 

MCPHAIL 

COMOX ETHEL ALTON 

LEAF MINERS ON BIRCH 

Locations where infestations of two leaf miners; 

Profenusa thomsoni (Lonow) and Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) 


Legend 

Light infestation --I 

Medium infestation --4 

Severe infestation --0

D 33 

Mountain Ash Sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata Htg. 

Infestations of this introduced insect were found commonly in the 

district in 1968. Heavy defoliation of roadside trees occurred in 

Cochrane, 11H and Smuts townships and in townships 23 Range 16 and 22 

Range 1$. Moderate defoliation was observed in Halsey Township and 

Township 28. In the remainder of the district light pockets of defoliation 

were common, particularly along Highway 129 south in township; 10D 

and 11D. 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

Population levels declined slightly at sample points in the district 

in 1968. Heavy defoliation was recorded in townships 2$ and 136. Light to 

moderate defoliation occurred at numerous points elsewhere in the district 

(Table 12). 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damage Caused by the Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner to the Foliage 

of White Birch in the Chapleau District in 1968 

Note: Counts were based on a total of 100 leaves from four branches 

from each of three trees at each location, 

Location 

(township) 

Average height of sample 

trees in feet Percentage of leaves mined 

13G 25 62 

2$ 20 57 

Halsey 18 14 

46 20 6 

23 Rge. 17 12 7 

Barclay 15 14 

Silk - 10 9

D 34 

Spruce Bud Midge, Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

This insect occurred commonly in the district in 1968. The highest 

number was counted at a sample point in Sandy Township where 6 per cent 

of the terminal buds were infested (Table 13). Light damage to terminal 

buds was observed at numerous points elsewhere in the district° 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Buds Damaged by the Spruce Bud Midge at Five Points 


Note z Counts were based on the examination of ten branch tips 

from each of ten trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

Tree species 

Per cent of terminal buds infested 

1966 1967 1968 

24 Range XXII bS 5.l 2.8 2.1 

29 bS 3.9 0 2.9 

Sandy bS 6.4 4.7 6.0 

9D bS 5.4 3.8 2.6 

Arbutus bS 1.2 1.0 0 

Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia adana Heinr. 

This insect was found in six seed beds in the Chapleau nursery affecting 

3-0 red pine stock. Approximately 4 per cent of the stock was infested. 

Numerous pupal cells were found at ground level along the stems of red pine 

seedlings in late September and unless some control is exercised the infestation 

will probably recur in 1969. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Chapleau District in 1968 


Host(s) 


Low numbers in beating tray 

samples in Gallagher and 

Borden townships 

Altica corni Woods Do Light infestation in Panet Twp. 

Aphrophora parallela Say jP Light infestation on open— 

grown trees in Borden Twp. 

Archippus strianus Fern. wS Found commonly in the spruce 

budworm infestation around 

Chapleau

D 35 



Host(s) 


tA 

Light infestation in Chapleau 

Twp. 



wB, pCh, Heavy defoliation recorded in 

cCh Ivanhoe Twp. with 140 tents 

Aster per square chain plot 

tL Light defoliation to fring 

trees in Hoey Twp. 

Argyrotaenia tabulana Free. jP Light defoliation to a small 

stand of jack-pine trees in 

Township 11G 

Bucculatrix canadensisella. Cham. wB Moderate infestation on 20 

foot trees in Twp. 9E 

Choristoneura conflictana Wlk. bPo, tA Light infestations in Chapleau 

Twp. and Twp. 32 

Choristoneura rosaceana Harr. bPo Light infe tation in Chapleau 

Twp. 

Clepsis persicana Fitch 

Coleophora innotabilis Braun 

Aster Light infestation in burned 

over area in Twp. 32 

tA Light patches of defoliation 

in Chapleau Twp. and Twp. 32 

Coleophora pruniella Clem. PCh Low numbers on roadside pin 

cherry regeneration in Chapleau 

Twp. 

Compsolechia niveopulvella Cham. tA Light defoliation on aspen 

regeneration in Gallagher Twp. 


jP Light defoliation in Durban 

Twp. and twps. 28 and 29 

Dioryctria reniculella Grt wS, bF 

Found commonly throughout the 

district in beating tray 

samples 

Disonycha alternata W Light defoliation in Ivanhoe 

Twp.

D 36 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Enargia decolor Wlk. tA 

Epinotia criddleana Kft. tA 

Epinotia lindana Fern. Do 

Light infes a 

Chapleau Twp. 

Light defoliation in 

Gallagher Twp. 

Light defoliation to dogwood 

shrubs in Chapleau Twp. 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. tA Lightly defoliated roadside 

regeneration in Gallagher 

Town ship 

Feralia jocosa Gn. bF Low numbers observed in 

beating tray samples in 

Borden Township 

Gonioctena americana Schaaf. tA Observed throughout the 

district but the larvae died 

before any real damage 

occurred (possible late frost) 

Gretchena semialba McD. 

Halisidota maculata Harr. 

Al Found commonly throughout the 

district feeding in terminal 

buds on alder 

Light defoliation along the 

lakeshore in Ivanhoe Twp, 

Hypagyrtis piniata Pack. bF Low numbers observed in beating 

tray samples in Borden Township 

Ips pini. Say jP Poles Heavy infestation in poles 

stored at Devon siding in 


Lithocolletis betulivora Wlshm. wB Light infestation in a logged 

over area in Silk Twp. 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chain. bPo Heavy infestations in Twp. 23 

Rge. 17 and in twps. 23 and 

46. A light infestation in 

McGee Township had 3.2 mines 

per leaf

D 37 


Insect Host (s Remarka 

Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria bF 

Gn. 

Lepyrus alternatus Csy. 

Malacosama disstria Hbn. 

Found commonly in Borden 

Twp. and Twp. 32 

Large weevil found commonly 

on lakeshore shrubs in 

Ivanhoe Twp. 

Examination of material from 

the black-light trap in Fanet 

Twp. revealed that 495 male 

and 6 females were obtained 

between July 15 and August 1. 

Ground checks and aerial 

observations failed to locate 

the source of the moth flight 

Meroptera pravella Grt. tA Found feeding folds vacated 

by Phyllocolpa sp. in Twp. 22 

Range 18 

Messa populifoliella Town. bPo 

Nematus populi Marl. tA 

Neodiprion abietis complex bF 

Neodiprion sp. 

(possible N. Abbotti (Leach) ) jP 

Neodiprion swainel Midd. jP 

Light infestation recorded 

in Chapleau Twp. 

Light defoliation on aspen in 


Light infestation in balsamfir 

plot in Borden Twp. 

Low numbers recorded in 

Ivanhoe Twp. and p. Tw 28 

Light infestation in Durban 

Twp. 

Nepytia canosaria Wlk. bF Low numbers observed in beating 

tray samples in Borden Twp. 

Nycteola cinereana N. and D. bPo Light infestations recorded on 

roadside balsam poplar regeneration 

in Rennie Twp and Twp. 22 

Rge. 17

2 

D 38 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

*1.019.1.1•914.1M 


Pandemis canadana Kft. 


wB 

bPo 

JP 

Light infestations recorded 

on ornamental trees in the 

town of Chapleau 

Light defoliation in Chapleau 

Twp 

Highest numbers occurred in 

Chapleau Twp. where a total of 

sixteen pitch masses was 

recorded on twenty trees 

Phlyctaenia sambucalis Schiff. 

Elder- Light defoliation in Ivy Twp. 

berry 


Pissodes strobi Peck 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. 

bPo, tA 

jP, wP 

tA 

Generally low population levels 

recorded with moderate infestations 

recorded in Ivanhoe Twp. 

and Twp. 22 Rge. 18 

Heaviest weevilling occurred 

near Flame Lake in Twp. 8D 

(18%). Other infestation% 

were recorded in Durban Twp. 

(8%) and Twp. 29 (15%). 

Light infestation (14%) in 

Chapleau Twp. 

Pyrrhia exprimens Wlk. bPo Low numbers collected in 

obtained in black light trap 

in Panet Twp© from Aug. 19 

to Aug. 25 

Rge. 17. Adults 

Rheumaptera subhastata Nolck. 

Sweet- Light infestation in 

gale Ivanhoe Twp. 

Sternochetus lapathi Linn. 

Trichiosoma triangulum Kby. 

W 

Large weevil found commonly 

on lakeshore shrubs in 

Ivanhoe Twp. 

Light infestation on 

ornamental trees in th 

town of Chapleau

D 39 

TAME 14 (concluded) 


Host(s) 

Remarks 

Trichotaphe levisella Fyles 

Zaraea americana Cress. 

Aster Light infestation in burned= 

over area in Typ. 32 

Bush Heavy defoliation to 

honey ornamental trees on Pine 

suckle street in the town of 

Chapleau 

Zeiraphera improbana (Walker) 

tL 

Caused more damage to ]arch 

in Chapleau Twp. than 

C. laricella with a population 

of 19.7 larvae per 18 inch 

branch tip

FOREST REGION 


INTRODUCTION 


Page 

Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe. ... 

Needle Rusts on Spruce . 0.. 

Ink Spot Disease of Poplar 

Sweetfern Blister Rust . 0.. 

White Pine Blister Rust. 0. 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar . 

Leaf Blight on Balsam Poplar . 

A Needle Rust on Tamarack. . 

6.9.0. .Arceuthobium pusillum E 1 

...0. .Chrysomyxa spp. E 

0.... .Ciborina whetzelii E 2 

..0.. .Cronartium comptoniae E 2 

..0.6 .Cronartium ribicola E 3 

O . • • • .Hypoxylon mammatum E 3 

• *00.. ,Linospora tetraspora E 

0006. .Melampsora medusae E 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar . 

A Rust on Balsam Fir . 0... 

Scleroderris Canker of Pine. . 

Frost Damage . • 

Hail Injury. . 0.0 00.400. 

•Pollaccia ele gans E 5 

. .Pucciniastrum epilobii E 5 

.Scleroderris lagerbergii E 6 

• • • • • 00...0004 et E 6 

0 • • • • • 0 • • • 0.00.0 7 

Roadside Damage. 0. .0 000 00 .00 0 . .0. 0. .0 0 ..0 7 

Winter Drying. . O• .0000 0......0. 00.0.0.0 . 7 

Other Noteworthy Diseases Collected. .0 0 0 ...0.,1..0 .. . E,7

INTRODUCTION 

Northern Forest Region 

. This report deals with insect and tree disease conditions in the Northern 

Region in 1968. Tree diseases are presented on a regional basis, and data on 

insects are contained in the district section of the report. New field 

technicians were-assigned to Swastika and Kapuskasing districts, Survey work 

in Division 72, formerly a part of the Gogama District, was carried out in 

1968 by the Cochrane District Technician. 

For the second successive year mild weather in the spring favoured an 

increase in numbers of bud and foliage insects on conifers. Spectacular 

increases in population levels of the spruce budworm occurred along the southern 

part of Kapuskasing District and in the Matachewan area of Swastika District. 

Other insects showing increases in population levels included the yellow-headed 

spruce sawfly, the jack pine sawfly and leaf rollers on trembling aspen. 

A leaf roller on white birch, Gracillaria sp., that occurred in outbreak 

numbers in the Little Long Rapids and Abitibi Canyon areas in 1967 collapsed 

in 1968. New distribution records of the leaf miner, Fenusa pusilla Lep., 

were made in Cochrane and Swastika districts and three collections were taken 

from alder trees in Cochrane District, 

New methods were used in 1968 to determine the incidence and evaluate 

infection levels of foliage diseases, cankers, galls, witches' brooms and 

root rots. The term "incidence" is used in this report to denote the prevalence 

of diseases and infection levels are an expression of damage. 

A leaf spot, Linospora tetraspora G. E. Thompson, increased in 1968 

causing severe browning and premature leaf drop in balsam poplar stands in 

Division 74 in Kapuskasing District. 

Diseases that showed appreciable declines in infection levels or 

incidence in 1968 included Scleroderris lagerber gii (Lager.) Gremmen, 

Pollaccia radiosa(Lib,) Bald. & Melampsora medusae Thuem, and cone 

rusts on balsam fir and white spruce trees. 

Reforestation of burnt over areas, poorly stocked and low-value stands 

with conifers has been stepped up by the Department of Lands and Forests. 

Since conifer plantations often present optimum conditions for tree diseases 

and insects, more time is necessary each year for survey work in these areas. 

Several insects and diseases have caused severe damage in plantations in the 

Cochrane District. Among the more important of these are Scleroderris canker 

of pine, white pine blister rust, sweet fern blister rust, some root diseases, 

yellow-headed spruce sawfly, larch sawfly and white-pine weevil, 

Sincere appreciation is again expressed for the assistance given field 

technicians by timber operators and personnel of the Ontario Department of 

Lands and Forests. 

H. R. Foster

E 1 

Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium pusillum Peck 

The eastern dwarf mistletoe was found in six areas in Kapuskasing District 

and at two locations in the Cochrane District in 1968. Infection levels were 

highest in Idington, Derry and Langermark townships in the Kapuskasing District 

(Table 1). 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe 

on Black Spruce Trees in the Northern Region in 1968 

District 

Location 

(township) 

Total area 

in acres 

Incidence 

in per cent 

Infection 

level 

Cochrane German 20 23 Light 

Kapuskasing Shannon 100 5 Light 

McMillan 300 40 Moderate 

Idington 200 20 High 

Derry 50 100 High 

Langermark 20 90 High 

Gill 20 15 Trace 

Needle Rusts on Spruce, Chrysomyxa spp. 

The needle rusts, Chrysomyxa ledi de Bary and C. ledicola Lagerh. that 

attack both black and white spruce foliage occurred commonly in the region as 

in 1967. A moderate infection occurred in about a 5—acre area in Deloro 

Township south of Timmins in Cochrane District (Table 2). Although incidence 

of these rusts was high in numerous areas, damage levels were generally light.

E2 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of Chrysomyxa spp. on Black and White 

Spruce Trees in the Northern Region in 1968 

District 

Number of 

evaluations 

Tree 

species 

Total area 

affected 

in acres 

Average 

incidence 

in per cent 

Infection 

level 

Cochrane 1 wS. 5 100 Moderate 

2 wS 250 90 Light 

3 wS 160 90 Trace 

5 bS 405 100 Light 

1 bS 5 40 Trace 

Kapuskasing 4 bS 430 + 100 Light 

bS 100+ 40 Trace 

1 wS & bS 25 95 Trace 

Swastika 1 bS 30 100 Light 

1 wS 10 90 Trace 

Ink Spot of Poplar, Ciborina whetzelii (Seaver) Seaver 

Infection levels of the ink spot disease declined for the third 

consecutive year reaching trace to light intensity in Cochrane and Kapuskasing 

districts. Infection levels in Swastika District were moderate in Marquis 

Township and light in Catharine, Mcllroy and Gauthier townships. 

Sweetfern Blister Rust, Cronartium comptoniae Arth. 

High infection levels recurred, in large areas in Cochrane and Swastika 

districts but to date this disease has not been found in Kapuskasing District. 

Heavy infection continued along the Texas Gulf Road north of Timmins and at 

many points along gravel eskers from Nellie Lake south to Lipsett Lake in the 

Cochrane District. High infection levels also occurred in sizable areas in 

Cairo and Michaud townships in Swastika District. A moderate level of 

infection was recorded in Henwood Township in the Swastika District (Table 3).

E 3 

TABLE 3 

Incidence and Infection Levels of Sweet Fern Blister Rust 

on Jack Pine Trees in the Northern Region in 1968 

District 

Location 

townshi 

Area affected 

in acres 

Per cent 

of trees 

attacked 

Level of 

infection 

Cochrane Tisdale 32000 47 High 

Aurora 6400 25 High 

Calvert 100 40 High 

Sheraton 500 40 High 

Mount joy 100 20 Moderate 

Denton 25 10 Moderate 

Sheraton 50 5 Light 

Whitesides 10 5 Light 

Swastika Cairo 2000 40 High 

Michaud 6000 43 High 

Henwood 200 40 Moderate 

Hislop 100 4 Light 

Farr 200 5 Light 

Catharine 200 10 Light 

Burt 80 5 Light 


The white pine blister rust occurred generally at light infection levels 

in stands scattered through the region in 1968. An appraisal in a plot in 

Studholme Township in the Kapuskasing District showed a moderate infection 

level and 27 per cent incidence in a mixed plantation of eastern white pine 

and white spruce. In the Cochrane District light infections occurred in 

forest stands In McArthur, Bartlett and-Keefer townships and on plantation - 

trees in Whitesides and Sheraton townships. 


Evaluations in 1968 showed that this disease is widespread in the 

region and causes more damage than casual observations had indicated before 

plot work was carried out. Surveys revealed that over one-third of the plot 

trees were attacked by the disease and infection levels were generally moderate 

or high (Table 4). The column containing total areas in acres in the following 

table refers to the stands evaluated and comprises only a small fraction of the 

trembling aspen in the region.

E4 

TABLE 4 

Summary by Districts of the Incidence and Infection Levels of Hypoxylon Canker 

of Poplar on Trembling Aspen Trees in the Northern Region in 1968 

District 

Total area 

surveyed 

in acres 

Average 

incidence Number of areas 

of attack in each infection category 

in per cent Nil Moder ate 

Cochrane 1850 46 1 5 

Kapuskasing 4660 34 6 3 

Swastika 380 38 1 4 1 

Leaf Blight on Balsam Poplar, Linospora tetraspora G. E. Thompson 

High infection levels of this blight have persisted since 1964 in the 

Kapuskasing and Cochrane districts occurring generally on young open-grown 

balsam poplar trees. In 1968 the disease increased considerably and attacked 

many stands of trees nearing maturity. Severe browning and early leaf drop 

occurred in the southwestern part of Kapuskasing District and the western part 

of Cochrane District. Pockets of mature and overmature balsam poplar on 

moist sites were also heavily infected at many other points in Kapuskasing 

and Cochrane districts. 

This blight was the only condition found consistently on the leaves of 

balsam poplar trees. An evaluation of the disease in Cargill Township, 

Kapuskasing District, showed 100 per cent incidence and the foliage of 75 

per cent of the trees was severely damaged. 

A Needle Rust on Tamarack, Melampsora medusae Thuem. 

Infection levels of this rust declined from heavy in 1966 to trace 

intensity in 1968 in tamarack stands in Calder and Clute townships in 

Cochrane District. Heavy infection reported on plantation trees in 

Sheraton Township in 1967 declined to light intensity in 1968 (Table 5), 

Elsewhere in C ochrane and adjoining districts only trace levels of infection 

were found. Incidence was high in Sheraton and moderate in Clute and Ogden 

townships.

E 5 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Infection Levels and Incidence of Melampsora medusae on Tamarack 

Trees in the Cochrane District in 1968 

Location 

Township 

Area affected 

in acres 

Incidence 

in per cent 

Infection 

level 

Clute 25 45 Trace 

Ogden 20 40 Trace 

Kendrey 10 20 Trace 

Sheraton 5 100 Light 

Leaf and Twig Blight of Poplar: Pollaccia elegans Serv. 

Infections of this leaf and twig blight have declined since 1965 and 

only trace levels of intensity occurred generally on balsam poplar trees 

in the region in 1968. The incidence of the blight on young open-grown trees 

was high at several points in Cochrane District, but generally was trace to 

absent in stands of larger trees. A high infection recurred on ornamental 

trees in the Town of Iroquois Falls. Several of the severely damaged trees 

were removed in 1968. 

A Rust on Balsam Fir, Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth. 

Infections of this rust that declined from high levels in the Smooth 

Rock Falls area in the Cochrane District and the Rogers Township area in 

Kapuskasing District in 1965 to low levels in 1966, have since declined to 

trace levels in 1968. Although infections have declined to very low levels 

the incidence of the rust has remained high at many points in the region 

(Table 6). 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Infection Levels and Incidence of Pucciniastrum epilobii on Balsam 

Fir Trees in the Northern Region in 1968 

Offlt10171.60.10PINOMMOIMOOMW 

Estimate 

Number of acreage Incidence Infection 

Distric of .lots affected of disease level 

Cochrane 9 2400 High Trace 

Kapuskasing 6 11500 High Trace 

Swastika 5 1000 Moderate Trace

E6 


An appreciable decline of this disease occurred in the region in 1968 and 

fruiting bodies were difficult to find even in areas where high infection levels 

persisted. Infection levels were high in red pine plantations in German, Adams 

and McCart townships in Cochrane District and in Wicksteed Township in 

Kapuskasing District (Table 7). Elsewhere in the region infection levels in 

red pine plantations were greatly reduced as tree growth and vigour increased. 

Moderate infection occurred in jack pine plantations in Wicksteed and Munro 

townships in Kapuskasing and Swastika districts respectively. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of Scleroderris Canker of Pine 

in Red and Jack Pine Plantations in the Northern Region in 1968 

District 

Location 

(township ) 

Total area 

acres 

Tree 

species 

Incidence 

of disease 

in per cent 

Infection 

level 

Cochrane Sheraton 1000 rP 62 Moderate 

McCart 25 rP 30 High 

German 25 rP 85 High 

Dempsay 25 rP 10 Trace 

Adams 25 rP 40 High 

McCart 5 JP 30 Trace 

Kapuskasing Wicksteed 10 rP 64 High 

Wicksteed 10 jP 24 Moderate 

Swastika Munro 40 jP 75 Moderate 

Grenfell 1 rP 5 Trace 

Frost Damage 

Heavy frost on the thirteenth of June caused severe damage in many low— 

lying areas in the central and northern parts of C ochrane and Kapuskasing 

districts. Balsam fir twigs up to three inches in length were killed in 

many areas and almost all the twigs were destroyed on groups of young trees. 

Generally, only the twigs on lower branches of larger trees were affected. 

Severe damage was observed in Haggart, Nesbitt, Dargavel, Heightington, 

Challies, Steele, Adair and Clive townships in C ochrane District and in 

McMillan, Gill, Shearer, Parnell, Gurney and Fauquier townships in 

Kapuskasing District. Damage to black and white spruce trees was generally 

light in the above areas.

E7 

Hail Injury 

Light to high hail damage occurred on plantation jack pine trees in about 

500 acres in Sheraton T ownship in Cochrane District. Almost complete 

stripping of needles of jack pine trees occurred in a small area in the center 

of the plantation. Considerable scarring of the tender bark on new shoots 

occurred on the windward side of the young trees. Damage was less conspicuous 

on older natural jack pine and on six-to ten-year-old white and red pine trees. 

Roadside Damage 

Severe damage to all tree species occurred in a 30-mile stretch of Highway 

66 near Matachewan in Swastika District. Jack pine trees were heavily scorched 

and trembling aspen and balsam poplar lost their foliage in early September. 

Light damage to balsam and jack pine foliage occurred at two locations along 

Highway 101 in the Cochrane District. In all cases considerable drift from 

herbicide sprays occurred. 

Winter Drying 

Moderate tree mortality occurred in a compartment of one-year-old red 

pine seedlings in the Swastika Nursery. The affected compartment was located 

adjacent and parallel to a snow fence whereas compartments farther away from 

the fence were less affected. The foliage of the trees turned red before the 

roots died and winter drying is suspected as the cause of the mortality. 

Light damage occurred in white and red pine plantations in Sheraton, 

German and Whitesides townships in Cochrane District. 

TABLE 8 

Other Noteworthy Diseases Collected in the Northern Region in 1968 

Organism Host Remarks 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) jP 

Kummer 

Chrysomyxa pirolata Wint. wS 

Cladosporium subsessile Ell. tA 

& Barth. 

Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins pCh 

Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. jP 

Observed less commonly than 1967, 

light in plantation in Sheraton 

Township in Cochrane District 

Collected in all districts in 

1967 but scarce in 1968 

Collected in Gurney and McGowan 

townships, Kapuskasing District 

Low incidence in Dowsley Township, 

Kapuskasing District 

Trace infection in three plots 

in Kapuskasing District and light 

in Tisdale Township, Cochrane 

District

E 8 


Organism Host Remarks. 

COMPMMINNOCIMPIMINI 

Coniothyrium faullii Darker 

bF 

Common on old foliage on understory 

tree in Howells Township 

in Kapuskasing District 

Cytospora kunzei Sacc. 

bS Found in Kapuskasing and 

Swastika districts 

Davisomycella ampla Davis jP 

Light infection on a few trees 

in Freele and Tisdale townships, 

Cochrane District 

Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) 

Th. & Syd. 

Epicoccum sp. 

Fomes connatus (Winn.) Gill. 

pCh Found sparingly in Swastika and 

commonly in Cochrane districts 

U Single collections in Fauquier 

Township, Kapuskasing District 

tA One collection in Sulman Township, 


Fomes igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx tA Collected in Sulman Township 


Fomes pini (Thore ex Pers.) Lloyd wS One collection from each district 


Fomes pinicola (Sw. ex Fr.) Cke. wS Found in McMillan Township, 


Gloeosporium coryli (Desm.) Sacc. Collected in McMillan Township 


Gloeosporium quercinum (Westd.) b0 Collected in New Liskeard 

Gymnosporangium cornutum Arth. moAs High infection on some trees in 

ex Kern 

Tisdale and light in Scapa 

townships in Cochrane District 

Helvella infula Schaeff. U Collected in Nicol Township in 

Swastika District 

Isthmiella crepidiformis bS High incidence on old foliage 

(Darker) Darker 

in Gauthier Township, Swastika 

District

E 9 


Organism F os :.marks 

Lenzites saepiaria (Wulf. ex Fr.) wS 

Fr. 

Lirula mirabilis (Darker) Darker bF 

Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad. ex JP 

Hook.) Chev. 

Macrophoma sp. eC 

Melampsora epitea Thuem. 

Collected in Lamplugh Township 

in Swastika District 

Heavy on one tree in Howells 

T ownship in Kapuskasing District 

Medium infection in Munro Township 

in Swastika District 

Heavy infection on a few roadside 

trees in McCoig Township, 


Light to moderate infection at 

many points in the region 

Melampsorella caryphllacearum 

Schroet. 

bF 

Two plots in the region showed 

trace and four others light 

infection levels 

Melanconis alni var. marginalis Al 

(Pk.) Wehm. 

Collected in Harmon Townships, 



jP 

Generally trace infection levels' 

and incidence. Three collections 

from Cochrane and one from 

Swastika districts 

Pestalotia truncata (Lev.) 

Phlebia strigosa zonata (Schw.) 

Lloyd 

eC Collected in Keefer Township in 


tA Light incidence in Matheson 

Township, Cochrane District and 

in Fauquier Township, Kapuskasing 

District 

Phomopsis sp. 

rP 

High infection on a few trees in 

Fauquier Township, Kapuskasing 

District 

Phyllactinia corylea (Pers.) Karst. wB 

Moderate infection in Puskuta 

Township, Kapuskasing District

E 10 


Organism Host(s Remarks 

Pollaccia radiosa (Lib.) Bald. 

& Cif. 

Pollaccia saliciperda (Allesch. 

and Tub.) Arx. 

Light infection in four plots in 

Cochrane District and trace in 10 

other plots in the region 

W Collected in Harley Township, 

Swastika District 

Polyporus abietinus (Dicks. ex F r.) wS,bS 

Collected in Arnold Township, 

Swastika District and in 

McEwing Township, Kapuskasing 

District 

Polyporus tomentosus Fr. 

Puccinia bolleyana Sacc. 

Puccinia cornata Cda. 

wS Collected in Clute Township, 


Elderberry Light at several points in 


Alternate-Light to moderate infection 

leafed levels at several points in 

buckthorn Cochrane District 

Puccinia porphyrogenita Curt. ex Bunchberry Light in Denton Township, 

Thuem. 


Pucciniastrum sp. 

bS Collected in 1967 in Cody and 

Fournier townships in Cochrane 

District 

Rhytisma acernum Pers. ex Fr. rM Moderate -infeetien--in -Evelyn- -- 

Township and light at many other 

points in the region 

Rhytisma punctatum (Pers.) Fr. 


Sarcotrochila balsameae (Davis) 

Korf 

moM, mM Light to medium infection common 

in the region with a pocket of 

high in Mons Township in Kapuskasing 

District 

Light to heavy infection common 

in the region 

bF High infection on old foliage in 

Howells Township, Kapuskasing 

District

Ell 


Organism Host Aemarks 

Sclerophoma pithya (Thuem.) Hoehn. wP 

Sclerophoma pithyophila (Cda.) 

Hoehn. 

Scoleconectria cucurbitula (Tode 

ex. Fr.) Booth 

Scytinostroma sp. 

Trace to moderate infection 

levels in Cochrane District 

eC Light infection in Keefer 

Township, Cochrane District 

jP,rP ,wP High infection on white pine in 

Studholme Township , moderate in 

Sheraton and Whitsides townships 

and light on jack pine trees in 

Wicksteed Township 

Collected in McMillan Township, 


Septoria musiva Pk. 

bPo 

Moderate infection in Hearst 

Township , Swastika District 

Thyronectria balsamea (Cke. & Pk.) bF 

Seeler 

Light infection in Laughton and 

Potter townships in 'ochrane 

District 

Tubercularia vulgaris Tode ex 

Fr. 

Uncinula salicis (DC.) Wint. 

Valsa pini (Alb. and Schw.) Fr. 

Elderberry Three collections from the 

moAs,pCh Swastika District 

W Light infection in Whitney 

Township , Cochrane District, 

light and moderate in Rogers and 

Fauquier townships respectively 


jP,wP,rP Trace to light infections in 

Cochrane and Kapuskasing districts 

Deterioration of Birch 

wB 

White birch trees showed considerable 

improvement in 1968 from the 

serious dieback condition observed 

in 1967 

Fume Damage 

Wind Damage 

All species Fume damage was severe near 

Virginiatown in Swastika District 

All species About 20 square miles of blowdown 

occurred in Griffin Township, 

Kapuskasing District

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE COCHRANE DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm* • • • * ' • « • • • • • Choristoneura fumiferana E 12 

Jack Pine Budworm * « • * Choristoneura pinus pinus E 13 

Larch Casebearer* 0 * « * » • o o * * Coleophora laricella E 13 

A Twig Borer on Jack Fine** * • * * « Conophthorus sp* E 14 

Birch Leaf Miner* o * * * * o * » * • Fenusa pusilla E 14 

Pine Root Weevil* 0 • o * o « * * * * Hylobius warreni E 15 

Western Tent Caterpillar* * • • • * • Malacosoma californicum pluviale E 15 

Balsam-fir Sawfly 0 * * o * * * * * * Neodiprion abietis E 15 

Red Pine Sawfly • * o o • • • • • * • Neodiprion nanulus nanulus E 15 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly • ..«•• Neodiprion virginianus complex E 15 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly * * • *


Light infestations of the spruce budworm occurred at many points in the 

southwestern part of Division 43 (see map). The main area of infestation was 

centered in McKeown, Doyle and Hassard townships with small pockets at 

scattered locations in 16 adjoining townships. The infestation was largely 

in balsam fir but along the western border of the district mature white spruce 

was attacked. Branch samples at 12 locations showed that defoliation of the 

current year's growth ranged from one to 13 per cent on balsam fir, and two to 

14 per cent on white spruce. Egg counts at the above locations indicate that 

infestations will persist at somewhat higher levels in 1969 than in 1968 

(Table 9). 

Although the area involved is about 1000 square miles, extensive cutting 

operations and bush fires over a long period of time have reduced the susceptible 

balsam fir-white spruce content to such an extent that no serious losses should 

result from this spruce budworm attack. Similar forest conditions north of the 

infestation minimizes the danger of extensive spread of infestations into that 

area. relatively small susceptible stands exist in the direction of Night 

Hawk Lake where patches of more mature balsam fir occur. 

Killing frosts that occur frequently in the spring when the shoots of 

balsam fir and white spruce are developing may be responsible for the 

fluctuations in population levels that have marked the history of spruce 

budworm infestations in the Cochrane District. In 1968 severe frosts on June 13 

killed the shoots of balsam fir in many areas in the central and northern parts 

of the district. Larvae were plentiful in early June in K endrey Township before 

the shoots of balsam fir were destroyed by frost, but no mature larvae could 

be found in the area after the loss of shoots. The effect of weather on 

budworm populations in the C ochrane District is an interesting feature of 

forest insect survey observations in the district.

E 13 

TABLE 9 

Defoliation of the Current Year's Growth of Balsam Fir and White Spruce Trees 

in the C ochrane District and Infestation forecasts for 1969 Based on Egg Mass 

Density 

Note: Based on the examination of the foliage on two branches taken from the 

mid crown of each of two trees at each location. 

111■11.01001■110701•M 

WocORKINNI.ONDIONNaO 


Location Tree Per cent per 100 square Forecast 

townshi s ecies defoliation feet of foliage for 1969 

McKeown bF 6 33 LM 

Timmins bF 4 0 N-L 

Sewell* bF 4 0 N-L 

Sewell* wS 14 0 N-L 

Hassard* bF 13 0 N-L 

Enid* wS 2 0 N-L 

Michie bF 1 0 N-L 

Hutt* bF 1 0 N-L 

McBride* bF 6 22 L-M 

Pharand bF 2 0 N-L 

Zavitz* wS 4 3 L 

Semple* bF 8 0 N-L 

N-L . nil to light infestation 

L . light infestation 

LM . light to medium infestation 

* Townships added to Cochrane District in 1968 

Jack Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. 

A medium infestation on scattered trees in Sheraton Township in 1967 

declined to light intensity in 1968. However, scattered pockets of light 

infestation continued on open-grown jack pine trees from Lipsett Lake in 

Timmins Township to Nellie Lake in Calvert. Township. Low numbers of jack 

pine budworm larvae were observed on young plantation trees in T immins and 

Sheraton townships. Counts on 18-inch branch tips in German and Sheraton 

townships averaged 1.4 and 0.6 larvae respectively. 


A light infestation recurred in a tamarack swamp south of Iroquois Falls 

in Calvert Township where the number of larvae per 18-inch branch tip increased 

from 1.3 in 1967 to 2.95 larvae in 1968 (Table 10). Minor increases occurred 

in Clute, Calvert and Mount joy townships and no larvae were found in the Haggart 

Township plot.

NORTHERN FOREST REGION 

DISTRICTS 

1 COCHRANE 

2 KAPUSKASING 

3 SWASTIKA 

KAPUSKASING 

ri 




Legend 


Medium defoliation 


and a) 

MILES 

9 4P 4P

A 14 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts on Tamarack Trees in the C ochrane District 


Av, d.b.h. of 

Location sample trees 

townshi ) in inches 

Clute 4 

Calvert 4 

Mount joy 3 

Carscallen 2 

Average number o larvae per 

18-inch branch tip 

1967 1268 

0.2 0.8 

1.3 3.0 

0.1 0.4 

0.0 0.2 

A Twig Borer on Jack Pine, Conophthorus sp. 

Light infestations of this insect occurred at sample points in Sheraton, 

Tisdale and Robb townships (Table 11). Counts were negative at sample points 

in McKeown and Murpny townships. Damaged twigs were rarely observed elsewhere 

in the district in 1968. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Damage by a Twig Borer on Jack Pine Trees in the Cochrane District 


Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Total number of damaged 

shoots 

1 66 196 168 

No. of leaders 

infested in 


Sheraton 5 2 1 3 0 

Tisdale 

5 - 5 3 II 0 

Murphy 4 2 0 0 0 

Robb 4 15 46 24 0 

McKeown 4 1 2 0 0 

Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pusilla Lep. 

Infestations on ornamental trees in Timmins and South Porcupine declined 

from heavy in 1967 to generally light intensities in 1968. New distribution 

records of this introduced insect in. the Cochrane District in 1968 were 

established by collections from. Pharand, Cody, Timmins, Deloro and Mortimer 

townships.

E 15 

A Root Weevil, Hylobius warreni Wood 

A light infestation of this weevil recurred in a Scots pine provenance 

test plot in German Township. Tree growth in the plot has been poor and small 

numbers of trees have been killed each year since 1965. Observations in 1968 

showed that even trees in poor condition can survive attack by small numbers 

of this root weevil. This insect pupates below ground level in a pitch-sand 

mass formed close to the larval feeding galleries (see photograph). 

Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum ale Dyar 

Pockets of medium infestation occurred in Semple and Sewell townships. 

Light infestations occurred sporadically in Timmins, Michie, Deloro, German, 

Whitney, Calvert and Fournier townships. Colony counts were negative in 

Godfrey, Ogden and Thorneloe townships and low at three other sample stations. 

Balsam-fir Sawfly, Neodiprion abietis Harr. 

Population levels of this sawfly have shown a gradual decline since 1960 

and in 1967 only scattered colonies were observed. A reversal of this trend 

occurred in 1968, when light infestations occurred in Tisdale, Whitney, Hillary, 

Timmins, Fournier and Calder townships. Open-grown and fringe balsam fir 

trees were the favoured hosts but individual white and black spruce trees 

were attacked also. 

Red Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

Populations of this sawfly declined in the district in 1968 to the lowest 

levels since 1962. Light infestations on red pine trees in Kirkland and 

Hillary townships in 1967 declined to trace levels in 1968. Only scattered 

colonies were observed on jack pine trees in Dundonald, Clergue, Calvert, 

Tisdale and Matheson townships. C olony counts on 100 red pine trees in 

Hillary Township and on 100 jack pine trees in Calvert Township totalled 11 

and 21 colonies respectively. 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion virginianus Roh. 

A medium infestation on small trees at the western outskirts of Schumacher 

in 1967 declined to light intensity in 1968. Pockets of light infestation 

occurred more commonly in the southern part of Division 43 and less commonly 

in the central and northern area of the district than in previous years. 

Colony counts at sample stations were comparable to 1967 (Table 12).

E 16 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Counts on Jack Pine Trees in the 

Cochrane District in 1967 and 1968 

Location 

(township) 

• o 

sample trees 

in inches 

0 rees 

examined in 

er cen o 

trees infested 

i68 

ota num er 0 

colonies counted 

1967 

Robb 4 10 80 3 16 

Tisdale 5 10 70 11 12 

Fournier 4 10 50 4 7 

Calvert 5 10 60 11 7 

Calvert 5 100 6 7 

Tisdale 5 100 68 78 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis Roh. 

Infestations were heavy in white spruce plantations at Driftwood River in 

Calder t ownship and medium in Greenwater Lake Park in Colquhoun. Township. Light 

to heavy infestations occurred on ornamental white and black spruce trees in 

Timmins, South Porcupine, Iroquois Falls, Cochrane and Smooth Rock Falls. 

Light infestations were observed commonly on white spruce regeneration along 

roadsides in Division 43. 


A medium infestation occurred in a small white pine plantation in Sheraton 

T ownship. Light infestations occurred on Scots pine in a provenance test plot 

in German Township and on black spruce trees in the Smooth hock Falls area. 

Elsewhere in the district infestation intensities varied from nil to light 

(Table 13). 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White-pine Weevil in the Cochrane District 


TABLE 13 

Av. height of 

Location Tree sample trees Per cent of trees weevilled 

township) species in feet 1967 

Sheraton bS 14 2 0 

Sheraton jp 16 4 3 

Calder wS 9 4 6 

Whitney wS 9 5 8 

Hanna bS 15 2 0 

Dempsay bS 14 0 2

E 17 

Larch Sawfly ,, Pristiphora erichsonii Htg. 

Heavy infestations occurred in a small tamarack plantation in Sheraton 

Township, on small trees at Kamiskotia Lake in Robb Township and on scattered 

trees in German and Calvert townships. Pockets of medium to heavy infestation 

occurred between Little Abitibi Lake and the Quebec border and on regeneration 

in clear-cut areas in Heightington Township. Elsewhere in the district 

infestation intensities were trace to light. 

Mountain-ash Sawfly, Pristiphora culata Htg. 

Little change in population levels of this introduced insect occurred in 

1968. Medium infestations recurred on showy mountain ash in MacIntyre Park 

and on American mountain ash trees in Scapa, Hepburn and Adair townships. A 

second generation late in September caused appreciable defoliation in the area 

north of Abitibi Lake. New distribution records were obtained in Godfrey, 

Robb, Fournier, Steele, Abbotsford, Potter and Dargavel townships. 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner, Profenusa thomsoni Konow 

Infestations of this insect reached outbreak proportions in 1964, 

gradually declined to low intensities by 1967, then increased appreciably in 

numbers in 1968. Heavy infestations occurred on the high ground between Harris 

Lake and Abitibi Canyon. Pockets of light and medium infestation were common 

in the central and northern sections of the district. Although medium 

infestations were observed less commonly in the southern part of the district, 

appreciable increases were recorded at sample points in Tisdale, Hillary and 

Evelyn townships (Table 14). 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Damage caused by the Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner in the Cochrane 

District in 1967 and 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Av. height of 

sample trees 

in feet 

Percent of 

leaves infested 

in 1 68 

Total no. of mines 

per hundred leaves 


Tisdale 20 49 11 83 

Glackmeyer 25 15 16 21 

Timmins 18 8 5 11 

Hillary 20 54 14 110 

Evelyn 25 53 14 90 

Mortimer 30 24 61 64

E 18 

Poplar Leaf Rollers, Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm., Sciaphila duplex 

Wlshm, and others 

Populations of a poplar leaf roller Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. declined 

from medium to trace levels in the Smooth Rock Falls-Cochrane area in Division 

44. However, other leaf rollers increased in numbers in 1968 with the result 

that moderate damage to trembling aspen foliage occurred in the above area and 

at several points in Division 43. The leaf roller Sciaphila duplex Wlshm. which 

has been scarce in the Cochrane District in recent years occurred commonly in 

samples in 1968. Other poplar foliage insects collected in the above areas 

were Choristoneura conflictana Wlk., Compsolechis niveopulvella Cham., 

Xylomyges dolosa Grt. Pandemis canadana Kft., Enargia decolor Wlk., 

Hydriomena furcata Thun. and Ipimorpha pleonectusa Grt. 

Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia adana Heinr. 

Light infestations of this insect occurred on jack pine regeneration along 

roadsides andin cutover areas in divisions 43 and 45, and on red pine trees in 

Kirkland Township. Attacks on leaders of jack pine seedlings in Timmins and 

Sheraton townships has caused stag topping and the development of scrub trees. 

Counts of trees attacked by the pine tip moth were made at four locations along 

the Gibson Lake Road (Table 15). 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Pine Tip Moth Attack on Jack Pine Seedlings in the Cochrane District 

Note: Based on the examination of 100 trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

Mileage 

on Gibson 

Lake Road 

Average height Per cent 

of trees of trees 

in feet attacked 

Sheraton 12 3 7 

Sheraton 14 1/2 3 9 

Timmins 18 2 11 

Timmins 21 2 16 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Cochrane District in 1968 


Host s 

Remarks 


wS,bF 

Low numbers in beating mat samples, 

but found more commonly in 1968 

than in recent years.

E 19 




wB 

Light on a few trees in Laughton 

and Heightington twps. 

Adelges lariciatus Patch 

wS Light on small trees in cutover 

areas in Scapa and Haggart twps. 

Aleyrodidae (white flies) 

bPo 

Light at several points in the 

district 

Altica corn! Woods 

Do Generally light but common in 

the district 



wS 

ecCh 

Low numbers in Pinard and 

Fournier twps. 

Pockets of heavy infestations 

in Clute T ownship but generally 

light in Division 44 

Argyresthia aureoargentella Brower eC 

Light in Hassard, Thorneloe 

and Keefer twps. 


Biston cognataria Gn. 

tL Small numbers of twigs attacked 

in Bristol Twp. 

bPo A few larvae in Homuth Twp. 

Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. wB 

Campaea perlata Gn. bF 

Populations remained at low levels 

A few larvae in Tisdale Twp. 

Caripeta angustiorata Wlk. rP A few larvae 

Cecidomyia reeks! Bock. jP 

Quantitative sampling was 

discontinued in 1968 but 

observations showed light 

population levels at several 

points 

Clepsis persicana Fitch wS A few larvae 

Coleophora betulivora McD. wB 

Coleophora pruniella Clem. wB 

Low numbers on open-grown white 

birch trees 

Very low numbers at several points

E 20 



Dasineura balsamicola Lintn. 

bF 

Remarks 

Light at several points in the 

district 

Datana ministra Dru. mAs 

Dimorphoteryx melanognathus Roh. Al 


One colony, Whitney Twp. 

Scattered larvae in Deloro Twp. 

Populations increased to light 

at 14 points in the district 

Diprion hercyniae Htg. 


wS 

wS 

Populations reduced to low numbers 

A few larvae 

Euura hospes Walsh 

Narrow-leafed W Light galls in Hanna Twp. 

Fenusa dohrnii Tischb. 

Feralia jocosa Gn. 

Galerucella decora (Say) 

Gonioctena americana Schaef. 

Gracillaria invariabilis Braun. 

Gracillaria syringella Fabr. 

Gracillaria sp. 

Gypsonoma fasciolana Clem. 

Lithocolletis betulivora Wlshm. 

Al 

bF 

tA 

pCh 

Lilac 

bPo 

wB 

Light in Tisdale and Bradburn 

twps. 

Single larva at scattered points 

Light in Fournier Twp. 

Light in Hillary, German and 

Michie twps. 

Light at points in Division 43 

Light to heavy in 

Timmins-Porcupine area 

Heavy infestation of leaf rollers 

in 1967 collapsed in 1968 and 

larvae were scarce in the Abitibi 

Canyon-Little Long Rapids area 

A few larvae in Homuth Twp. 

Low numbers at several points 

in the district 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Cham. bPo,tA, 

wB ,W 

General decline in population to 

low levels in 1968 

Macremphytus varianus Nort. 

Do 

Light at many points in the 

district

E 21 





Nematocampa filamentaria Gn. 




Nyctobia limitaria Wlk. 

Ortholepsis pasadamia Dyar 

Orthosia hibisci Gn. 


Papilio glaucus Linn. 

tA 

eC 

bF 

tA 

wS 

wS 

wB 

bF 

bF 

U 

Cast skins of one colony found 

in Tisdale Twp. but no larvae 

found in 1968. Egg band checks 

in the fall were negative. 

Light in Tisdale Twp. 

A few larvae, Tisdale Twp. 

Scattered colonies in the 

district but found more commonly 

in the southern part of 

Division 43 

One colony collected 

A few larvae in Colquhoun Twp. 

One larva collected in 

Colquhoun Twp. 

Small numbers collected 

Single larva collected in mat 

samples 

Single larva in mat samples 

One larva collected 

Pareophora minuta MacG. bAs 

Light in Cody and Pharand twps, 


jP 

Light damage in young jack pine 

plantations in Sheraton and 

Timmins twps. 

Phyllocnistis populiella Cham. 

tA,bPo Low numbers in first generation 

but more numerous in second 

generation 


tA 

Light at many points 

Phyllocolpa sp. bPo Medium to heavy on some young 

open-grown trees

E 22 


nsec 

Hos 

Rema rks 

Phyllocolpa agama (Roh.) 

Pikonema alaskensis Cress. 

Narrow-leafed Heavy on a few trees in Hanna 

willow Twp. 

wS Low numbers in beating mat 

samples 

Pleroneura borealis Felt 

Polia radix Wlk. 

Pristiphora lena Kinc, 

bF 

bPo 

wS 

Light at five sample locations 

One larva collected in Homuth 

Twp. 

Low numbers north of Smooth 

Rock Falls 

Pulicalvaria thujaella Kft. 

Pyrrhia experimens Wlk. 

Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

Rhyacionia busckana Heinr. 

Swammerdamia cuprescens Braun 

Tenthredinidae # 29 


eC Low numbers collected 

bPo A few larvae in Homuth Twp. 

wS,bS Light infestation at several 


jP Light on open-grown trees in 

Division 43 

wB A few larvae collected in Deloro 

Twp. 

bPo Some small colonies in Homuth Twp. 

Light in Tisdale, Stimson, 

Fournier Evelyn and Homuth twps. 


bPo 

Collected from balsam poplar for 

the first time in Cochrane 

District in 1968 

Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis Haw. jP,rP 

A few larvae in Kettle Lakes 

Park and in Sheraton Twp. 

Vespamia pini Kell. 

Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. and 

Free. 

Zeiraphera destitutana (Walker) 

Zeugophora spp. 

wS 

wS 

wS 

tA,bPo 

A few larvae 

Light on open-grown spruce in 

Division 43 

A few larvae collected 

Low number of mines occurred in 

the first generation

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE KAPUSKASING DISTRICT 

Page 

Birch Skeletonizer 000000 ©#0000 Bucculatrix canadensisella E 23 

Spruce Budworm ••«ooooo»o«oo« Choristoneura fumiferana E 23 

Aspen Blotch Miner ^00000000000 Lithocolletis salicifoliella E 24 

Pitch Nodule Moth® 000000000000 Petrova albicapitana E 25 

A Leaf-folding Sawfly on Balsam Poplar * * Phyllocolpa sp. E 25 

A Leaf-folding Sawfly on Trembling Aspen . Phyllocolpa sp. E 25 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly o 0000*00 Pikonema alaskensis E 26 

White-pine Weevil 000000000000 Pissodes strobi E 26 

Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly 00000000 Pleroneura borealis E 27 

Larch Sawfly 000000000000000 Pristiphora erichsonii E 27 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner 000000 Profenusa thomsoni E 28 

Spruce Bud Midge 0000000000000 Rhabdophaga swainei E 28 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected 00000000000000 

E29 

J. A.

E 23 

Birch Skeletonizer, Bucculatrix canadensisella Cham. 

Counts at sample points in 1968 showed a marked increase in numbers of 

this insect over 1967 when all counts were negative (Table 9). A light 

infestation occurred in Studholme Township with trace infestations at six 

other sample points. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Quantitative Counts of the Birch Skeletonizer 

in the Kapuskasing District in 1968 

Note: Based on the examination of 100 leaves taken at random from three white 

birch trees at each location, 

Location 

towns hi p ) 


trees in feet 

Per cent of leaves infested 


Studholme 30 40 

Gill 15 12 

Wicksteed 45 8 

Seaton 15 7 

McMillan 15 1 

Stoddart 30 1 


A marked increase in population levels of this pest occurred along the 

southern boundary of the district. Aerial and ground reconnaissance in the 

latter part of August and during September disclosed four general areas of 

defoliation extending south into the Chapleau District. Accurate delineation 

from the air of areas of defoliation was difficult because of the 

presence of cone spikes of balsam fir, an abundance of cones on white spruce 

and the lack of red foliage, which had been washed off by heavy rainstorms 

in midsummer. 

Areas of light to moderate defoliation occurred in an area of approximately 

100 square miles, including parts of Hook, Hayward, Champlain, Mons, Buchan, 

Lisgar and Watson townships. On the basis of egg counts moderate to severe 

defoliation is forecast in Lisgar Township. Light to moderate defoliation is 

forecast in the other townships named above (Table 10). 

The infested stands generally contain mature white spruce and balsam fir 

except in Buchan and Lisgar townships where scattered over-mature white spruce 

and young co-dominant balsam fir are co-dominant with aspen. 

In the remainder of the district, a light infestation reported in 1967 in 

Gill Township declined to a trace level in 1968. Low populations occurred in 

Arnott, Bourinot, Fergus, Parnell and Harmon townships.

E 24 

The most likely area for spread of this insect from presently infested 

stands in the southern part of the district, would be to the northwest where 

stands of mature white spruce and balsam fir are most common. 

TABLE 10 

Defoliation of the Current Year's Growth of Balsam Fir Trees 

in the Kapuskasing District and Infestation Forecasts 

for 1969 Based on Egg Mass Density 

Location 

(township ) 

No. of 

branch 

samples 

Per cent 

defoliation 


Cumulative no. of 

egg masses per 

100 sq, feet 

Forecast 

for 1969 

Champlain 6 13 181 L-M 

Mons 6 20 364 M 

Mons 2 18 77 L-M 

Buchan 6 21 137 L 

Lis gar 2 28 187 M-H 

L Light; M Medium; .... Heavy 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella (Cham.) 

A decrease in population levels of this insect occurred at all but one 

sample point where counts were made in 1967 (Table 11). In general the 

western part of the district had the highest populations. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Aspen Blotch Miner Counts in the Kapuskasing District 


Note: Based on the examination of 100 leaves taken at random from three 

trembling aspen trees at each location. 

Location 

township 

276mg 


Wicksteed 7 2 10 

O'Brien 12 1 0 

Gurney 9 2 0 

Torrance 8 11 0 

Gill 7 0 0


DISTRICTS 

1 COCHRANE 

2 KAPUSKASING 

3 SWASTIKA 

KAPUSKASING 

COCHRANE 

a) 

ASTIKA 




Legend 




r 

and a) 

MILES 

9 4p

E 25 

Pitch Nodule Moth, Petrova albicapitana (Busck) 

Observations in 1968 revealed that population levels of this insect were 

about the same as in 1967. A heavy infestation persisted in a jack pine 

plantation at Mile 7 on the Gurney road. Branch-tip mortality continued in 

1968. A light infestation was observed on shelterbelt trees in the Spruce 

Falls Nursery, 

A Leaf-folding Sawfly on Balsam Poplar, Phyllocolpa sp. 

Quantitative sampling showed a marked decline in population levels of 

this insect in 1968 (Table 12). Low numbers occurred on open-grown 

regeneration in Seaton, McCrea and McMillan townships. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Leaf-folding Sawfly Counts on Balsam Poplar 

in the Kapuskasing District from 1966 to 1968 

Note Based on the examination of all leaves from one branch on each of 

three trees. 

Total no, of No. of Per cent of 

Location leaves counted leaves curled leaves curled 

townshi 1°66 16 1968 l'66 1°6 1°68 1°66 l'6 l'68 

Fauquier 268 292 388 73 17 0 27.2 5.8 0.0 

McCrea 234 295 113 77 20 2 32.8 6.8 1.7 

McMillan 296 189 100 97 16 1 32.8 8.5 1.0 

Seaton 327 --- 158 94 -- 25 28.7 --- 16.1 

A leaf-folding Sawfly on Trembling Aspen, Phyllocolpa sp. 

Infestations of this insect continued to subside in 1968. Counts were 

negative for the first time since sample plots were established in 1960 

(Table 13).

E 26 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Leaf-folding Sawfly Counts on Trembling Aspen 

in the Kapuskasing District from 1966 to 1968 

Note: Based on the examination of 100 leaves taken at random from three trees 


Location 

(township 

Av. height of sample trees 

in feet 

Per cent of leaves infested 

1 66 1 6 1 68 

Gill 15 12 1 0 

Wicksteed 45 17 1.5 0 

Gurney 45 99 9 0 

Parnell 30 11 2 0 

Torrance 15 7 2 0 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

Population levels of this insect decreased in 1968 compared with 1967. A 

medium to heavy infestation occurred on ornamentals in the town of Kapuskasing. 

Populations were light on roadside and open-grown trees but only trace levels 

occurred in spruce stands in the district. 


Observations and counts indicate a further decline in numbers of this 

insect on white and black spruce trees across the district in 1968. Medium 

population levels were observed in a mixed white spruce and white pine 

plantation in Studholme Township and a white pine plantation. in Wicksteed 

Township. Counts at sample points showed negative results (Table 14).

E 27 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil in the Kapuskasing District 


Note: Based on the examination of 100 trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

Host 

Pe cent . of trees infested 

• • • •• • 

0.: 

• 

Shearer wS 6 6 0 

Kohler bS 13 2 0 

Parnell wS 11 4 Clavet 

7 

bS 

2 Gurney bS 4 4 0 

Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly, Pleroneura borealis , 

Felt 

Compared with 1967, damage by this insect was lower at two quantitative 

sample points and increased slightly at another in 1968 (Table 15). 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Damage by the Balsam Shoot-boring Sawfly in the Kapuskasing District 


Note: Based on the examination of all buds on twenty branch tipsy four from 

each of five trees at each location. 

Location 

(townshi p ) 

- Number of buds infested Per cent of buds infested 

1966 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968 

Shackelton 0 15 

5 0.0 3.5 3.6 

Fergus 0 19 1 0.0 4.8 0.8 

Clavet 0 0 3 0.0 0.0 0.9 


This insect was observed throughout the district in 1968. Population 

levels were about the same as in 1967 with light defoliation in most larch 

stands in the district. Moderate to heavy defoliation occurred on individual 

open-grown trees. The accompanying map shows sample points in 1968.

E 28 

Amber—marked Birch Leaf Miner, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

Quantitative samples showed a slight increase in population levels in 1968 

compared with 1967 (Table 16). Observations from the air and later confirmed 

from the ground revealed a heavy infestation along the Kabinagami River for a 

distance of about ten miles. A second area of heavy infestation comprising 

about forty acres occurred along Highway 11 in Gill Township. 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Damage by the Amber—marked Birch Leaf Miner 

in the Kapuskasing District in 1967 and 1968 

Note Based on the examination of 100 white birch leaves taken at random 

from three trees at each location. 

Location 

Township 

../Mli00•■ 


1967 1261 

Frost 48 92 

Fauquier 65 74 

Casselman 4 0 

Seaton - 2 

Spruce Bud Midge, Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

General observations and quantitative sampling showed that population 

levels of this midge were slightly higher on white spruce and slightly lower 

on black spruce than in 1967 (Table 17). The highest count was made in McCrea 

Township where 6.4 per cent of the buds were infested and the lowest was in 

McMillan where only 1.5 per cent of the buds were infested. A heavy infestation 

was observed in a small black spruce plantation in Gurney Township.

I 

1 

KAPUSKASING DISTRICT 

EMERSO 

8/C NELL BURRELL 

N COCKSHUTT 

SHUEL 

/ 

ULLOY 

SILDNOUA 

GLIILFOYLE HOPKA 

110 

M,C0 AN 

NEELY 

ORRANC 

t 0 

STAUNTO 

ILL A SON 

FLANDERS 

ELGIE I NEWLANDS DOWSLEY 

TEMPLETON EBBS ORKNEY 

CUMMING 

KIWUSicasing 

FAUCILHER CHI 

4 

LIESSARD 

I FARQUHAR 

I . 

r ALsorr SCHOLFIELO ' GAIT . R. A, KERT $ FERGUS ECCLESTONE CARGILL 

SULMAN 

NANSEN 

S AC LETON 

LARK N 

LASCELIES 

WOOLRIC 

PELLET/ER 

)_---L-- — , -T--. 

DOHERTY 

,78#077 OPAZATIKA ROURINOT SHADILY STAPLES 

MACVICAR 

HAYFIELD 

BEATON 

LIPTON 

HA INS WALLS 

MINNIPUKA 

- 

RING GNOMEECH USNAC OSCAR EONCOBA R FERTON 

STRINGER 

GRIFFIN 

GOLIRLAY EINGFORRIOG IRVING MARJORIE LEGGE 

—2,----11----- 

CHAMPLAIN MONS CLOUSTO BUCHAN LISGAR 

A ARO. 

LARCH SAWFLY 

Locations where 

infestations occurred 


Legend 

Light infestations

E 29 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Damage by the Spruce Bud Midge in the Kapuskasing District 


Note: Based on the examination of five branch tips from each of ten trees at 

each location. 

Location 

townshi 

Host 

Per cent of buds infested 

166 16 168 

McCrea wS 3.8 1.3 6.4 

McCrea bS 7.9 10.6 0.6 

Parnell wS 2, 5 1.3 6,4 

Macvicar wS 2, 7 2.0 2.0 

McEwing wS 1.5 0.6 1.6 

McMillan wS 0,0 0.0 1.5 

McMillan bS 2.5 2.0 1.7 

TABLE 18 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Kapuskasing District 

in 1967 



Acleris variana Fern. wS Trace populations in divisions 

75 and 47 

Adelges lariciatus (Patch) wS Trace in Owens and Kohler twps. 

Anomogyna elimata Gn. wS One larva collected in Gill T 

Aphania sp. tA High on one tree in Nansen Twp. 

Archippus packardianus Fern. wS A trace population in Owens Twp. 

Archippus strianus Fern. bF,wS Trace on bF in Shackelton Twp. 

Badebecia urticana Hbn. bPo,tA One collection from Nansen, 

O'Brien and Gurney twps, 

Cecidomyia sp. 

Choristoneura conflictana 

Se High population at one point 

in Frost Twp. 

Light infestations in Stoddart, 

Fergus, and Shearer twps.

E 30 



AseMaa • aeINONC0 


Clepsis persicana Fitch 

Ha 

bPo 

Trace in Casselman Twp. 

One collection each in Gurney 

and Nansen twps. 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. tL 

Compsolechia niveopulvella Cham. tA 

Corythucha pallipes Parsh. wB,A1 

Dasineura balsamicola Lintn. bF 

Depressaria groteella Rob. Ha 

Trace population in Fauquier Twp. 

Low populations in Parnell and 

Shearer twps. 

Light population on one tree in 

Clavet Twp. 

Light infestation in Fauquier 

Twp. 


Dioryctria reniculella Grt. wS A rise in distribution in 1968 

with trace to light population 

levels throughout the district 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) wS Quantitative counts in Gill and 

Eilber twps. were negative. 

Observed in Studholme and O'Brien 

twps. as trace populations 

Ectropis crepuscularia Schiff. Al Trace populations in Studholme 

Twp. 

Enargia infumata Grt. wB High on one open-grown tree in 

Nansen Twp. and trace on a few 

trees in Wicksteed Twp. 

Epinotia albangulana Wlshm. Al Trace populations found in Owens, 

Shearer and Parnell twps. 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. tA,wB Wicksteed, Shearer and Kohler 

twps. had trace populations 

Eriophyes laevis Nalepa Al Trace in Torrance Twp. 

Eupithecia filmata Pears. wS Low populations in Casselman 

and Eilber twps.

E 31 



Host 


Al 

Trace in Parnell, light in Harmon 

and Owens twps. 

Fenusa pusilla Lep. wB 

Feralia jocosa Gn. wS 

Griselda radicana Wlshm. 

Trace populations on ornamentals 

in the town of Kapuskasing 

Trace in Clavet, Casselman and 

Fauquier twps. 


Hydriomena furcata Thun. 


Hylobius sp. 

Lexis bicolor Grt. 

Limenitis archippus Cram. 

Lithocolletis aceriella Clem. 

Lithocolletis betulivora Wlshm. 


Al 

wS 

bS 

wS 

tA 

wB,bPo Stm. 

Found in Shearer Twp. 


Considerable damage occurred in 

a black spruce swamp in 

Stoddart Twp. 

One larva found in Gill Twp. 

One larva found in Kohler Twp. 

Trace in Frost Twp. 

Trace populations in Harmon, 

Puskuta and Sheldon twps. 

Eight collections of adults 

made 

Remi Lake during the month of 

July 

in light trap operated at 


Neodiprion virginianus complex 

wS Trace levels occurred in all 

divisions 

jP Trace population in Studholme, 

Wicksteed, Harmon, Clavet and 

McMillan twps. 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh. jP 

Nepytia canosaria Wlk, bF,wS 

Nycteola frigidana Wlk. wS 

Light on one tree at Kipling Dam 

Collected in Larkin, Fergus, 

Williamson and Casselman twps. 

Light infestation in Opazatika 

Twp.

E 32 



Phlyctaenia sambucalis Schiff. 

Elderberry Light infestation in Fauquier 

Twp. 

Phyllocnistis populiella Cham. tA Trace in Torrance Twp. 

Pikonema dimmockii Cress. 

Pontania proxima (Lep.) 

W 

Trace populations in Gill, Owens 

and O'Brien twps. 

Medium on a few trees in 

Parnell Twp. 

Pristiphora lena Kinc. wS 

Pseudexentera oregonana Wlshm. tA 

Trace in Wicksteed and Nassau 

twps. 

Light infestation in Parnell Twp. 

Psilocorsis sp. bPo Light infestation on a few trees 

in Puskuta Twp. 


Pyrrhia experimens 

Saperda populnea moesta Lec. 


wS 

bPo 

tA 

tA 

Trace on one tree in Parnell Twp. 

Trace in McMillan Twp. 

Trace in Harmon Twp. 

Trace populations were found in 

all divisions 

Stenoma algidella Wlk. 

Telphusa sp. 



Zeiraphera destitutana Walker 

Zeugophora sp. 

bPo Trace in McMillan Twp, 

Al Trace populations in Owens and 

Parnell twps. 

tA Light in Harmon Twp. 

tA Trace populations in Nansen, 

Opazatika and Parnell twps. 

wS Trace in Eilber and Parnell twps. 

tA Light infestation in Frost Twp.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE SWASTIKA DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm. • • Choristoneura fumiferana E 33 

Larch Casebearer.••..•.... • Coleophora laricella E 34 

European Spruce Sawfly. • Diprion hercyniae E 34 

Birch Leaf Miner. Fenusa pusilla E 35 

Aspen Blotch Miner. • . . . Lithocolletis salicifoliella E 35 

Cedar Sawfly...... . . • Monoctenus fulvus E 35 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Neodiprion virginianus complex E 36 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly . . Pikonema alaskensis E 36 

White-pine Weevil Pissodes strobi E 37 

Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii E 37 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner • • . • Profenusa thomsonii E 37 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected • • • • • • . . • E 38 

j, Lombard_

E 33 


An infestation of this major forest pest was observed from the air near 

Matachewan in August, 1968. Subsequently, extensive aerial and ground surveys 

revealed that the total area of infestation comprised approximately 250 square 

miles. Within this area, pockets of medium to heavy infestation covered about 

60 square miles north of Matachewan with the most severe defoliation on mature 

balsam fir on rocky ridges. Light to moderate defoliation occurred in patches 

of residual balsam fir in an area of cutover and burn in the surrounding 130 

square miles. Due to the scarcity of balsam fir and white spruce outside the 

infested area, no, major outbreak of the spruce budworm is anticipated in this 

part of the district. However, particular attention will be given to a high 

hazard area along the south shore of Lake Abitibi adjacent to the Quebec 

boundary where mature stands of balsam fir and white spruce occur. 

Infestations were also found in Tyrrell and Milner townships. Observations 

in these townships revealed that approximately 40 per cent defoliation 

of the current year's growth occurred in the area as a whole. 

Egg surveys undertaken during the summer and fall revealed that a high 

level of hatch occurred. The results indicate that moderate to severe 

defoliation will occur in 1969 in the Indian Reserve Number 72 area and in 

Yarrow Township. Light infestations are expected to occur at other sample 

locations listed in Table 9. 

TABLE 9 

Defoliation of the Current Year's Growth of Balsam–fir and White Spruce Trees 

in the Swastika District and Defoliation Forecasts for 1969 

Based on Egg Mass Density 

Location Tree Per cent 


per 100 sq. ft. Forecast 

(township) species defoliation of foliage for 1969 

Bannockburn bF 4 6.0 L 

Cairo wS 14 0.0 L 

Cairo bF 16 107 L 

Lawson bF 6 0.0 L 

Van Hise bF 8 7.0 L 

Tyrrell bF ' 1 300 L 

Alma bF 12 17.0 L 

Yarrow bF 45 99.0 M 

Powell bF 15 670 - M

E 34 


Population levels of the larch casebearer increased at all sampling 

locations in 1968. A noteworthy example was in Marter Township where the 

average number of larvae per 18-inch branch tip increased from 0.5 in 1967 

to 6.2 in 1968 (Table 10). 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts at Five Points in the Swastika District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips from 

the mid-crown of each of four trees at each point. 

Location 

townshi 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Av. no. of larvae per branch tip 

16 1 68 

Hilliard 5 0.1 4.3 

Hudson 5 0.3 2.8 

Marter 4 0.5 6.2 

Harker 6 1.7 1.0 

Powell 4 2,6 8.3 

European Spruce Sawfly, Diprion hercyniae Htg. 

Population levels of this sawfly were generally lower than in 1967 (Table 

11). A maximum of seven larvae was found in fifteen mat samples at widelydistributed 

sampling locations. No northward extension in distribution was 

Observed in 1968. Defoliation was negligible at all sampling locations. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of European Spruce Sawfly Larval Counts on Nhite Spruce at Four Points 

in the Swastika District from 1966 to 1968 

Av. d.b.h. of Total number of larvae 

Location sample trees per 15-tray sample 

township) in inches 1966 1967 1968 

Bowman 6 43 20 7 

Pacaud 5 23 7 0 

Garrison 8 13 7 5 

Kerns 4 54 45 7


DISTRICTS 

1 COCHRANE 

2 KAPUSKASING 

3 SWASTIKA 



Legend 





MILES 

i) 4P

E 35 

Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pusilla Lep. 

This leaf miner was abundant in some areas of the district, particularly 

on regeneration and on the lower branches of larger trees. Generally, the 

insect was found in low to medium numbers, however, pockets of severe defoliation 

occurred in Bompas, Grenfell, Burt, Eby, McFadden and Lamplugh townships. 

In the first four townships the insect was found usually on every leaf of 

white birch sucker growth with up to five mines per leaf. 

Aspen Blotch Miner, Lithocolletis salicifoliella Cham. 

The decline in population levels Of the aspen blotch miner reported in 

1966 and 1967 continued in 1968 (Table 12). One collection of the insect was 

taken from willow in Evanturel Township. 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Aspen Blotch Miner Counts in the Swastika District from 1966 to 1968 

Note 2 Counts were based on the examination of 100 leaves selected at random 

from three trees at each location. 

Location 

(township) 

Tree 

species 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Total no. mines per 100 leaves 

1966 1967 1968 

Marriott +A 4 15 3 3 

Teck +A 2 7 2 1 

Catharine bPo 2 12 4 0 

Kimberley 4.1k 4 12 8 0 

Cedar Sawfly, Monoctenus fulvus Nort. 

Quantitative sampling showed that the insect increased in numbers after a 

decline in 1967. The most significant increase was in Chown Township where 21 

larvae were collected in 1968 compared with three larvae per sample in 1967.

E 36 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Cedar Sawfly Larval Counts in the Swastika District from 1966 to 1968 

Location 

(township) 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Total no. of larvae per 15-tray sample 

1966 1967 1 

00,91.1101, 

Eby 

2 

41 

5 

0111111•Mi 

Dymond 

2 

5 

13 

Farr 3 6 2 9 

Chown 2 11 3 21 

alp■MOMMIIMI.NIOUMW ■•■••••••■•■ •••••••■• 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly, Neodiprion virginiarus complex 

After a decline in 1967, red-headed jack-pine sawfly numbers increased in 

1968. The heaviest infestation occurred in Chamberlain Township where 8.9 

colonies were counted on small trees (Table 14). Scattered colonies were 

observed at widely-distributed points in the district. 

TABLE 14 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Colony Counts at Seven Locations 


Location 

(township) 

No. of 

trees 

sampled 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 


1966 1967 1968 

Maisonville 10 7 10.2 7.5 1.3 

Teck 10 5 0.8 3.6 4.3 

Munro 1O _1 __kJ_ 0.2 

Chamberlain 10 2 4.6 4.8 8.9 

Brethour 10 4 3.8 1.6 1.5 

Henwood 100 4 ___ --- 11.0 

Gauthier 100 3 ___ --- 13.0 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis Roh. 

Heavy infestations persisted for the fourth consecutive year on roadside 

windbreaks and in small plantations. An examination of 50 trees in a white 

spruce plantation in Harley Township revealed 43 per cent defoliation. About 

sixteen per cent of the defoliation was on old foliage and some trees were 

stripped. Heavy infestations occurred on ornamental trees under three feet 

in height at numerous points.

1 

SWASTIKA DISTRICT 

STOCK 111VPARR 

' 

BOND cm, 

WILK/E COULSON WARDEN MILUGA 

BOWMAN 

BEATT 

thes.n 1110, t al 

COOL 

-,‘ 

MN' UNPLUG 

ISLOP MORD MIC ALM GARRISON PARKER 

WHEW 

OLIO AY 

EGAN 

wcANN PLAYFAIR 

COOK 

BAR 

THACXERA ElU°77 TANNA LL 

AFEvAy 

TOLSTOI 

BUCK 

BE OIT 

MELBA 

8' 8LEV CLIFFORD 8E EV18 

RDICA TERRY ",,,,,Or ,. AR .,0 KATRINE 0,,AR 

Ini ,UNMOR DoMPASMBIT- 

II 

E 1 

■■■• % 

4 

w 

HINCKS ARGYLE BADEN 4,‘Avi HOLM ES EBY II OSTON 

11E.ST 

_ 

_ 

CAIRO FLAVELLE S SLAIN PACIUD THARN SNEAD • 

I S A I N 

IOW I DOON YARROW KIMBERLEY 'rWS" DAVIDSO S YARD • 0 ARTE BAYLY 

G 

A MOND RANKLY MOREL w G w' SmYrN 

FARR . 

C 

TRUAX 

rlt.n ,Eoglehart 

BRIAR ' PACK MITUREL 'NCI" DENSE 

KNIGHT VAN HISS HAULTAI MICKLE TUDHO BRYCE BEAUCHAMNHILLIARD: 

horn loe 

TYRREL , AinNER NICOL LAWSON mai 

LEONARD 

LE, "4 CHARTERS 

tnilifir0 

HARLEY 

/ AIDS e SPEIGHT AULD LII DY HUDSON .YAWN ,owLi 

CASEY 

MAR S 

= X °VAN BREWSTER 

DUFFER/N LECKIE CORLEY GAMBLE 

MILES 

0 2Q 

PINE SAWFLIES 

Locations where three species of pine 

sawflies were observed in 1968. 

Legend 

Red-headed jack-pine sawfly 


Swaine jack-pine sawfly 

C

E 37 


Infestations of the white-pine weevil were generally light in 1968. The 

only exception was in Grenfell Township where a medium infestation occurred 

in a young white pine plantation. No white-pine weevils were found at sample 

plots other than in Grenfell T ownship. The main host was black spruce and 

occasionally jack and white pine were attacked. 

TABLE 15 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White-pine Weevil in the Swastika District 



Location Tree Per cent of leaders infested 

Grenfell w 28 14 20 

Benoit jp 3 3 0 

Currie bS 9 2 0 

Gauthier jP 4 2 0 

McGarry bS 10 5 0 


Population levels of the larch sawfly increased considerably in 1968. This 

was particularly evident in Eby, Powell and Milner townships where individual 

open-grown trees were severely defoliated. An aerial survey of the district 

revealed pockets of medium infestation in Garrison and Banks townships. 

Generally, light defoliation was observed elsewhere in the district. 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner P ofenusa thomsonii Konow._ 

Results at five sample plots showed a moderate increase in population 

levels of this insect in 1968. Nearly 100 per cent of the leaves of white 

birch regeneration at sample points in Stock, Barber, McGarry, Maisonville 

and Eby townships were infested with one or more large mines. Larger trees 

in these townships were lightly attacked.

E 38 

TABLE 16 

Summary of Damage Caused by the Amber—marked Birch Leaf Miner 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of a random sample of 100 leaves 

from three white birch trees at each point. 

Location 

township 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

Total number of mines 

1966 l 6 1 68 

Otto 3 13 1 2 

Arnold 3 14 0 4 

Stock 3 6 3 23 

Playfair 3 15 9 2 

James 5 25 12 12 

TABLE 17 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Swastika District in 1968 


Acilius semisulcatus Aube 


Adelges lariciatus (Patch) 

Anacampsis niveopulvella Cham. 

Anchylopera burgessiana pruni 

Heinr. 

Anomogyna elimata Gn. 

Antheraea polyphemus (Cram.) 

Aphania dextrana McD. 

Archippus strianus Fern. 

—EA 

pCh 

+A 

wS 

One adult collected in Eby Twp. 

Trace populations at widely 

distributed points throughout 

the district in 1968 

Trace population in Benoit Twp. 

Trace numbers in Garrison and 

Benoit twps. 

Low numbers in Munro Twp. 

Trace population in Evanturel 

Tic. 

A few pupae in Eby Twp. 

Light numbers in McGarry Twp. 

Single larva found in Lamplugh 

and McFadden twps.

B 39 



Host s Remarks 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) 


ecCh 

+A. 

The high populations of 1966 and 

1967 declined to trace levels in 


Trace populations in McGarry and 

Garrison twps, 

Bucculatrix ainsliella. Murt. 0 

Low population on ornamental bur 

oak in New Liskeard 

Campaea perlata Gn. 

bF 

Small numbers on mat samples 

Chaitophorus populicolus (Thos.) +A 

Single colony found in Eby Twp. 

Chionaspis furfura Fitch 

wB 

One colony found in Bannockburn 

Twp. 

Choristoneura conflictana Wlk. +A,W 

A few larvae found on beating 

mats 

Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. 

jP 

After an increase in numbers in 

1966 and 1967 ,, population levels 

decreased to trace levels in 1968 


Coleophora pruniella Clem. 

wB Single larva found in McGarry Twp. 

wB Trace numbers in Benoit Twp. 

Dasineura balsamicola (Lintn.) bF 

Light numbers in Farr Eby ., and 

Powell twps. 


Ma,wB Medium population on individual 

trees in Eby and Otto twps. 

Depressaria groteella Rob. 

Dicrodiplosis populi Felt 


Ha 

-1-A 

jP 

Trace numbers in Lamplugh Twp. 

Light population in Eby Twp, 

Single larva on jack pine in 

Grenfell Twp. 

Dioryctria reniculella G wS Trace population in the northern 

half of the district 

Disonycha alternata Ill. 

Heavy infestation in Guibord Twp.

E 40 





jP 

Single larva on beating tray in 

Gross Twp. 

Trace numbers in Nicol and Tyrell 

twps. 

Eriophyes negundi. Hodgk. 

mM Low population in Henwood Twp. 

Eucordylea atrupictella Dietz. 

Eucordylea blastovora McLeod 

wS 

wS 

T race numbers in Harris Twp. 

Trace population in Harris and 

Lamplugh twps. and a low population 

in Bowman Twp. 


Euura perturbans Walsh 

Fenusa dohrnii (Tischb.) 

Feralia jocosa Gn. 

Filatima demissae Keif. 

Gonioctena americana (Schaef.) 

Gypsonoma haimbachiana Kft. 

bF Trace population in Otto Twp, 

W Trace in Barber Twp. 

Al Trace in Carr Twp. 

wS Single larva in beating samples 

in Pacaud and Garrison twps. 

Se Trace in McGarry Twp. 

Light infestation in Benoit Twp. 

+A Trace in Marriott Twp. 


Harpipteryx xylostella Linn. 

W 

Hon 

Two larva found at Kenogami Lake 

Light in Kirkland Lake 


wS,L,bF Found singly on beating mats in 

Milner, Eby and Harker twps. 

Ipimorpha pleonectusa Grt. +A 

Trace in Garrison Twp. 

Ips pini Say 

Lepidosaphes uImi (Linn.) 

jP 

Al 

The pine engraver, unlike 1967, 

was not found to be attacking 

living trees. The insect was 

collected in James Twp, on logs 

that had been stored over winter 

Heavy in McGarry Twp.

E 41 



Host 

1,10.111•111■11■011, 

Limenitis archippus Cram. +A 

Lithocolletis betulivora Wlshm. wB 

Lithocolletis sp. Al 

Malacosoma californicum pluviale ecCh 

Dyar 

Trace in Benoit Twp. 

Two insects collected in Otto Twp. 

Light population in Barber Twp. 

Populations have declined since 

1966. In 1968 the insect reached 

the endemic level. 

Mayetiola rigidae (0.S.) W Trace in Kimberley Twp. 

Mordwilkoja vagabunda Wish +A One collection made in Truax Twp. 

Nematus fulvicrus Prov. W Single colony collected in Eby 

Twp. in 1966 and 1968 

Neodiprion abietis complex bF Larval numbers increased in the 

district in 1968. A light 

population occurred in Lamplugh 

Twp. A few larvae were collected 

on beating mats at five other 

locations in the district 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl jP 

Nycteola frigidana Wlk. 

Populations of red—pine sawfly 

have reduced to trace level in 

1968. Two collections of two 

larvae each were taken in 

Gauthier and Corkill twps. 

Trace numbers found in Playfair 

Twp. 


K9 bPo,+k Medium populations on isolated 

trees in Eby, Teck and Savard 

twps. 

Orgyia antiqua L. W One larva found in Evanturel 

Orthosia hibisci Gn. +A One larva found in Benoit Twp. 

Parorgyia plagiata Wlk. wS Single larva on beating mat in 

Pacaud Twp. 

Pemphigus populi-transversus Riley bPo Heavy infestation on isolated 

trees in Teck Twp.

E42 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Pemphigus populi-venae Fitch 


Phyllocnistis populiella Chain. 


bPo 

JP 

+A 

bPo 

Heavy infestation in James Twp. 

Light throughout district. 

Moderate to severe in Munro Twp, 

Found sparingly on trembling 

aspen regeneration in Eby Twp. 

Moderate population on understory 

balsam poplar in Marter and 

Catharine twps. 

Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) 

No Light defoliation throughout the 

district with severe defoliation 

in Eby, Teck, Grenfell and Label 

twps. 

Pristiphora lena wS 

Prociphilus tessellatus (Fitch) Al 

Found singly on beating tray in 

Harris Twp. 

Heavy infestation in Barber Twp. 



Pyrrhia exprimens Wlk. 

Rhabdophaga strobiloides (0.S.) 

Rhynchaenus rufipes Lec. 

wS,bF 

bPo 

W 

Collected singly on beating trays 

in Eby and Garrison twps. 

Light infestation in Holmes Twp. 

Heavy population in Grenfell and 

Guibord twps. 

Heavy in Eby Twp. 

Saperda populnea mOesta Lec. +A 

Sciaphila duplex Wlshm. +A 

Syngraph alias Ottol. wS 

Trichiocampus irregularis (Dyar) W 

Trishormomya salicisverruca 0.S. 

Widely scattered in McGarry Twp, 

Light infestation in Benoit and 

Garrison twps. 

Found singly in Eby and Marriot 

twps. 

Heavy infestation in Harley and 

Teck twps, 

Light population in Barber Twp. 

on fringe willow

E 43 



Host 

Remarks 


Zeugophora spp. 

+A 

+A,bPo 

Light infestation in Benoit Twp. 

Light population in McGarry, 

Guibord, Harley and Van Hise 

twps.

MIDWESTERN FOREST REGION 


INTRODUCTION 


Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe Arceuthobium pusillum F 1 

Yellow Witches' Broom Chrysomyxa arctosta phyli F 1 

Page 

Needle Rust of Spruce. . 0 

Chrysomyxa ledi 

C. ledicola F 1 

Cone Rust of Spruce Chrysomyxa pirolata F 1 

Ink Spot of Aspen Ciborina whetzelii F 1 

White Pine Blister Rust • • . . .Cronartium ribicola F 2 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar Hypoxylon mammatum F 2 

Stem and Branch Rust of Pine • • • • *. . Peridermium sp. F 3 

Needle Rust. . . .......... . . . Pucciniastrum epilobii F 3 

Scleroderris Canker of Pine. . .... . 6 .Scleroderris lagerbergii F 3 

Bi rch Decline • • 00.606666 6 *O• .06 6 F 4 

Frost Damage . ••• ....... .• 0,66600006600..0* F 4 

Winter Drying of Conifers F 5 

Other Noteworthy Diseases. ........ • . ..• 6000.0* * 6 F 5

INTRODUCTION 

Midwestern Forest Region 

This report deals with the status of forest insects and tree diseases in 

the Midwestern Region in 1968. Tree diseases are dealt with regionally and 

forest insects on a district basis. The work in the White River District was 

carried out jointly by C. Davis and K. Hall but was somewhat curtailed as 

Mr. Davis was new to the Geraldton District and because of the heavy work load 

connected with spruce budworm sampling, in the Port Arthur District. 

A survey highlight in 1968 was the aerial spraying project undertaken 

against the spruce budworm in the Shebandowan Division. Larch sawfly infestations 

were comparable to 1967 except in Geraldton District where defoliation 

increased in most stands. Infestations of two species of birch leaf miners, 

Fenusa pusilla and Profenusa thomsoni persisted in Geraldton and White River 

districts respectively, however, quantitative sampling showed that populations 

were lower than in 1967. White pine weevil population levels fluctuated 

considerably throughout the region. The large aspen tortrix, 

Choristoneura conflictana, occurred in infestation proportions in Port Arthur 

District for the first time since 1958. 

The level of infection of Scleroderris canker of pine, Scleroderris lagerbergii, 

increased in the eastern part of Geraldton District. Stem and gall rusts of 

jack pine occurred commonly in the region, generally at light infection levels 

except along the Dog River road where a high level of incidence persisted on 

trees in a wide range of diameter classes. A decline in incidence and levels 

of infection of needle and cone rusts was evident in all districts. Deterioration 

of birch was more pronounced than in 1967 at numerous locations in the 

region. 

The assistance and cooperation extended by Department of Lands and Forests 

and Woods operating personnel is gratefully acknowledged. 

K. C. Hall

F 1 

Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium pusillum Peck 

This organism is widespread in the region, and is found most frequently on 

hosts growing in low-lying moist areas. The highest level of infection was 

recorded in small pockets of black spruce east of Klotz Lake and in Township 89 

and Cottham in Geraldton District where 30 and 40 per cent incidence respectively 

occurred, In Port Arthur District a moderate level of infection was recorded 

in a 600-acre stand of pole-size hosts in Joynt T ownship. Elsewhere in the 

region trace levels of infection were observed in scattered pockets of black 

spruce. 

Yellow Witches ' Broom, Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli Lagh. 

Witches' brooms caused by this rust occurred commonly at trace levels 

throughout the region in 1968. The only exception noted was in Geraldton District 

where a moderate infection was recorded in a 20-acre stand of white and black 

spruce in Pic Township. A number of small diameter trees were heavily infected 

and supported as many as eight brooms. Light mortality occurred in the area. 

Elsewhere in the region trace levels of infection were observed at scattered 

locations. 

Needle Rust of Spruce, Chrysomyxa ledi de Bary and C. ledicola Lagh. 

The level of infection of these rusts declined sharply in the region in 

1968. In 1967 light infection occurred commonly with scattered pockets of 

moderate and heavy infection in Geraldton and Port Arthur districts. In 1968, 

moderate levels of infection were recorded in a 50-acre white spruce plantation 

in Conacher Township, Port Arthur District, and in 5 acres of small diameter 

black spruce in Township 84, Geraldton District. Elsewhere in the region trace 

levels of infection were observed, 

Cone Rust of Spruce, Chrysomyxa pirolata Wint. 

In 1967 this rust occurred in varying degrees of severity ranging from 

trace levels of infection in the west to high levels of infection in the eastern 

part of the region. The prevalence of the rust in 1967 was due in part to the 

heavy cone crop. In contrast, a sharp decline was noted in 1968 due possibly 

to trees the scarcity of cones. Although extensive sampling of black and white spruce 

was cones carried out were in 1968 no infecfound. 

Ink Spot of Aspen, Ciborina whetzelii (Seaver) Seaver 

This foliage disease was found commonly at varying levels of infection on 

trees of all diameter classes throughout the region. Moderate and severe levels 

of infection were confined, however, to occasional small diameter open-grown 

hosts. The most noteworthy areas of infection occurred in a 600-acre stand of 

10- to 35-foot aspen at Limestone Lake in the Geraldtoh District and in several 

semi-mature stands along the south portion of the Armstrong road area in Port 

Arthur District. In both areas light infection was recorded.

F2 

White pine Blister Rust, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer 

The most severe damage caused by the white pine blister rust in the region 

in 1968 occurred in Geraldton District. A 300-acre white pine plantation in 

Sandra Township where approximately 25 acres were rated heavily infected. 

Light and moderate infection levels were present throughout the remainder of the 

plantation. Severe stem cankering has resulted in light mortality. In the 

Port Arthur District the disease was found at trace levels throughout the range 

of white pine, however, somewhat higher levels of infection occurred in the 

Pigeon River area. 


This disease of aspen was widespread in the region in 1968 on all diameter 

classes, of trees. The highest level of infection was recorded in Township 91 

in the Geraldton District where aspen in a 30-square mile area showed 25.6 

per cent incidence of cankers and 10.3 per cent mortality (Table 1). Moderate 

levels of infection with incidence ranging from 7.7 to 40 per cent occurred in 

Lindsley and Exton townships and around Terrior Lake in Geraldton District and 

in Conmee Township in Port Arthur District. Trace and light infection levels 

were found in numerous stands in White River District. 

TABLE 1 

Summary of Canker Incidence and Tree Mortality of Trembling Aspen 

Caused by Hypoxylon Canker in the Midwestern Region in 1968 

Basal area 

per acre 

Location Diseased Total 

Area 

affected 

Per cent Level of 

incidence infection 

Per cent 

mortality 

(past yr. 

only) 

Geraldton District 

Twp. 91 13 100 30 sq. mi. 25.6 Heavy 10.3 

Ashmore Twp, 12 100 30 acres 5 Light 0 

Lindsley Twp. 15 126 300 ac. 7.7 Moderate 5 

Exton Twp. 10 120 250 ac. 10 Moderate 5 

Terrior Lake 20 

120- -20-- Moderate 

Port. Arthur District 

Conmee Twp. 

18 71 600 ac. 40 Moderate 2.5 

White River District 

Knowles Twp. 8 85 100 ac. 10 Trace 2.5 

Cecile Twp, 18 70 50 ac. 17 Light 2.5 

Hunt Twp. 12 76 50 ac. 7.5 Trace 0

F 3 

Stem and Branch Rust of Pine, Peridermium sp. 

This disease was widespread in the region in 1968. In the Port Arthur 

District a 600-acre stand along the Dog River road was heavily infected with 

numerous galls occurring on all diameter classes of jack pine. At Huronian 

Lake a moderate level of infection was recorded in a 50-acre stand. In the 

Geraldton District moderate infections were observed in a 300-acre stand in 

Exton Township and a 500-acre stand in Fulford T ownship. Throughout the 

remainder of the region most stands contained at least trace levels of infection. 

Although the disease is capable of causing mortality none was observed 

in the region in 1968. 

Needle Rust, Pucciniastrum epilobii Otth. 

Two areas of moderate infection caused by this needle rust were observed 

in the region in 1968. The largest infection center occurred in Matthews 

Township, White River District, where 90 per cent incidence was recorded in a 

100-acre stand. The second area of approximately 10 acres was located on the 

east side of Lac Des Mille Lac in Port Arthur District. In the Geraldton 

District light infection was observed on balsam fir in one large area along 

the Statesman road. Elsewhere in the region the disease could be found in most 

stands generally at trace levels of infection, 


No important change in the distribution of this destructive organism was 

observed in the region in 1968 (Table 2). The level of infection in most 

diseased areas increased only slightly whereas the mortality rate declined. 

In the Geraldton District incidence ranged from 5 to 50 per cent in jack pine 

and red pine plantations (Table 2). In a 50-acre jack pine plantation in the 

Stevens area 50 per cent of the trees were infected and 32 per cent were killed 

in the past year. Fifty per cent incidence was recorded in an 8-acre jack pine 

plantation in the Kowkash area and 10 per cent mortality occurred in the past 

year. A new infection was noted near Wawa in the White River District where 

incidence of 10 per cent was recorded in 15 acres of natural jack pine. No 

new distribution points or change in the status of the disease was observed in 

the Port Arthur District.

F 4 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Canker Incidence and Tree Mortality 

Caused by Scleroderris lagerbergii in the Midwestern Region in 1968 

Location 

Tree 

sp. 

Av, 

height 

Acres 

affected 

Per cent 

incidence 

Level of 

infection 

Per cent 

mortality 

(past yr. 

only) 


Stevens jP 6 50 50 Heavy 32 

Pic Twp. jP 15 200 5 Light 2 

Schreiber jP 7 15 10 Trace 1 

Sandra Twp. jP 10 800 10 Trace 0 

Sandra Twp, jP 10 800 10 Moderate 

Sandra Twp. rP 9 1500 10 Trace 

3 

0 

Sandra Twp, rP 9 500 10 Moderate 5 

Kowkash Twp. jP 8 200 10 Trace 0 

Kowkash Twp, jP 8 10 50 Heavy 10 

Arrowland jP 11 20 5 Light 0 

Goldfield rd, jP 10 15 5 Light 1 


Wawa jP 15 5 10 Trace 0 

Birch Decline 

This condition was widespread in the region in 1968. Levels of damage ranged 

from light to severe and occurred on trees over a wide range of diameter classes. 

The condition was most pronounced in cottage areas along the north shore of 

Lake Superior in Geraldton and Port Arthur districts where sites have been 

thinned. In forested areas varying degrees of damage were observed throughout 

the Geraldton District and the Wolf and Disraeli Lake areas and along the 

Graham road in Port Arthur District. In the White River District light to 

severe crown deterioration occurred commonly on both white and yellow birch in 

the area extending from the southern boundary of the district to Wawa. 

Frost Damage 

Late spring frosts caused light to moderate damage to balsam fir trees 

along the south portion of the Armstrong road area in 1968. Shoot damage was 

severe on small diameter balsam fir reproduction in cutover areas in Cocheram 

Township. Damage to new shoots ranged from 25 to 40 per cent. Larger host 

trees were affected to a lesser degree. Light damage to balsam fir and spruce 

occurred commonly throughout the Geraldton District, No damage was observed in 

the White River District.

F 5 

Winter Drying of Conifers 

A relatively light snowfall in the winter of 1967-68 resulted in considerable 

winter drying throughout the northern part of the Geraldton District. The 

most noticeable damage occurred in a 300-acre plantation of white pine in Sandra 

Township in which all trees showed some browning due to winter drying. 

Ornamental white pine trees at MacLeod Park in Ashmore Township were severely 

discolored. In forested areas, ground hemlock showed some browning. Winter 

drying was not observed in Port Arthur or White River districts. 

TABLE 3 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the Midwestern Region in 1968 

Or anism 

Alternaria tenuis Auct. 

Atopospora betulina (Fr.) 

Petr. 


(d By) Arnaud 

Candida sp. 

Cenangium populneun (Pers.) 

Rehm 

Chrysomyxa sp. 

Host 

tA 

wB 

jP 

pCh 

tA 

wS 

Remarks 

Small number stem cankers, 

Fulford Twp., Geraldton District 

High level of infection on several 

hosts in Twp 70, White River 

District. Light infection on small 

hosts in Walters Twp, Geraldton 

District 

Found affecting one small tree, 

Booth Twp, Geraldton District 

Light infection common on shoreline 

hosts, Michipicoten Is., 


Heavy fruiting on stem of one 

tree Knowles Twp.„ White River 

District 

Geraldton Trace infection, District Ashmore Twp., 

Cronartium comptoniae Arth. 

Elytroderma defbrmans (Weir) 

Darker 

Gymnosporangium cornutum Arth 

ex Kern 

jP 

jP 

Mo 

Occasional branch galls on 

scattered trees in O'Connor Twp. 

plantation, Port Arthur District 

and in Fulford Twp., Geraldton 

District 

Trace level on one tree, Paipoonge 

Twp., Port Arthur District 

Trace to light infection common 

throughout the region

F6 


Organism 

Host 

Remark 

Hypodermella sp. 

Isthmiella (Bifusella) 

crepidiforms (Darker) Darker 

bF 

bS 

Trace level, Squeers Lake, Port 

Arthur District 

Moderate level of infection on 

lower branches of scattered trees, 

Twp. 32, Range 28 / White River 

District 


Lophodermium sp. bF 

Lophodermium piniastri (Schrad rP 

ex Hook.) Chev. 

Mamiania coryli (Batsch ex Fr,) Ha 

Ces den 

Melampsora epitae Thuem. 

Melampsorella caryophyllacearum bF 

Schroet. 

Light to moderate infection, 

Greenwood Lake, Port Arthur District 

Trace infection lower branches, 

Ledger Twp., Geraldton District 

Trace infection on open-grown 

trees Sandra Twp., Geraldton 

District 

Light infection common, McGinnis 

Lake, Port Arthur District 

Trace infection throughout 

Geraldton District and on scattered 

trees Hagey Twp., Port Arthur 

District 

Brooms observed commonly throughout 

Geraldton District and along 

Armstrong and Sibley Penn, roads, 

Port Arthur District 

Nyssopsora clavellosa (Berk) 

Arth, 

Panus rudis Fr. 

Pollaccia elegans Serv. 

Aralia 

bS 

bPo 

Moderate level of infection Hood 

Lake, Port Arthur District 

Trace level in cutover, control 

burned area on Spruce River road, 


Trace level of infection throughout 

region 

Pollaccia radiosa (Lib,) 

Bald & Cif 

tA Found commonly throughout the 

region principally on small 

diameter regeneration 

Polyporus adustus Willd. ex Fr, bS 

Trace infection in cutover area 

Spruce River road, Port Arthur 

District

F 7 


Organism Hosts) Remarks 

Polyporus schweinitzii Fr. bS Found commonly on dead roots 

Batwing Lake and on dead root of 

living trees Kabigon road, Port 

Arthur District 

Polyporus tomentosus Fr. bS One collection in cutover, burned 

and planted area Spruce River road 


Poria obliqua (Pers ex Fr.) wB Trace infection on several trees 

Karst. • in partial cutover area Twp, 90 


Rhytisma punctatum (Pers.) Fr. MoM Trace to light infection common 

throughout region 

Rhytisma salicinum (Pers.) Fr. W Trace infection widespread in 


Sarcotrochila balsamae (Davis) bF Found on dead needles, Hanover 

Korf 

Lake, Geraldton District 

Scoleconectria cucurbitula rP,wP,jP Trace infections observed in 

(Tode ex Fr.) Booth several plantations in Geraldton 

and Port Arthur districts 

Valsa pini (Alb. & Schw.) Fr. jP Common in plantations, Twp ® 76 

and Lukinto Lake, Geraldton 

District

STATUS OP INSECTS IN THE PORT ARTHURDISTRICT 

' Page 

Large Aspen Tortrix » » « • • « • « • • • « Choristoneura conflictana F 8 

Spruce Budworm • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • « Choristoneura fumiferana F 8 

Jack Pine Budworm* »»*«*»»•« + •« »Choristoneura pinus pinus F 14 

larch Casebearer «*«*»«•*»«•*. » Coleophora laricella F 14 

Blotch Miner of Balsam Poplar* • •••»•• »Lithocolletis sp. F 14 

Red Pine Sawfly * ».«*•••••«'»••• * Neodiprion nanulus nanulus F 15 

White Pine Weevil. Pissodes strobi F 15 

Larch Sawfly ............... .Pristiphora erichsonii F 16 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects F 16 

K. 6. Hall

F 8 

Large Aspen Tortrix, Choristoneura conflictana (Wlk.) 

A new infestation of this insect occurred in Conmee Township in 1968* 

Medium populations were found in a 10-acre stand of 4- to 5-inch trembling 

aspen with defoliation ranging from 40 to 70 per cent* The last reported 

occurrence of the insect in infestation proportions was in 1957 and 1958 in 

the Pigeon River area* 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem*), in Northwestern Ontario 

The last widespread outbreak of the spruce budworm in northwestern Ontario 

terminated in 1963. No heavy infestations were detected in this area until 1967 

when defoliation of the current foliage on white spruce and fir ranged from 48 

to 97 per cent. This infestation developed suddenly in an area of 70 square 

miles in the Burchell, Moss, McGinnis and Upper Shebandowan lakes area, some 

50 miles west of the Lakehead. A fall egg survey in 1967 revealed that light 

to severe defoliation could be expected in an area of 200,000 acres in 1968 

(Map 1). 

A much larger area of spruce fir forest type which extends mainly to the 

north and east of Burchell Lake was endangered by the infestation, having 

escaped the two previous outbreaks namely the Nipigon outbreak of the 1940's 

to the east and the Sioux Lookout-Fort Frances outbreak to the west. The 

threat this new infestation posed was brought to the attention of the Ontario 

Department of Lands and Forests during 1967. It was suggested by the Forest 

Research Laboratory, Canada Department of Fisheries & Forestry, Sault Ste* 

Marie that two alternatives lay open to the Province for direct action against 

this infestation} (a) the mounting of a spraying operation in 1968 with the 

objective of suppressing populations sufficiently to "knock out" the relatively 

small infestation before it had a chance to spread; or (b) using aerial spraying 

to protect valuable forest stands in imminent danger of suffering heavy losses 

from further budworm feeding. It was pointed out that if alternative (a) failed 

to work, the second course of action remained open* The provincial department, 

after evaluating the forest resources endangered, decided to undertake an aerial 

spraying operation with the objective of eliminating the infestation by the 

aerial application of chemical insecticide in the spring of 1968* 

Operational control of the project was exercised by the Ontario Department 

of Lands and Forests. The 

and Disease Survey, provided technical guidance in the timing of the sprays, 

and undertook all insect population determinations necessary to define the 

infestation area and assess the effectiveness of the operation* This report, 

which draws heavily on a report by G. M. Howse to the Interdepartmental 

Committee on Forest Spraying, outlines the main features relating to the progress 

of the project and results obtained. 

larval emergence from foliage which was collected in April, 1968 around 

Burchell Lake and then incubated in the Sault Ste. Marie Laboratory, indicated 

no excessive winter mortality* On May 1 field work began for the timing of 

the spray operation and for the establishing of spray boundaries* Larval counts 

were made at 170 locations over a 2-week period by Survey personnel supported 

by special crews at Shebandowan. These made possible the delineation of an 

area in which appreciable populations were known*

F9 

The operational plan called for the application of two organophosphate 

insecticides, Sumithion, at the rate of 6 ounces per acre when the larvae were 

in 3rd or 4th instars, and Phosphamidon to be applied as a second spray at the 

rate of 4 ounces per acre at the peak of 5th instar, Spraying commenced on 

June 5, but owing to continuously poor flying conditions, operations were then 

forced to shut down until June 12 when spraying resumed. All spraying was 

completed by June 20, The areas sprayed are shown in Map 2. 

The objective of this operation made direct assessment impossible because 

all check areas were treated on the final day of spraying. However, pupal 

surveys which were carried out both within and outside the spray area indicated 

very low populations except for a few areas east of Burchell Lake. Also, an 

aerial survey to detect defoliation in sprayed and adjoining areas was flown 

in early July. Four pockets of light to moderate defoliation totalling 1350 

acres and one of moderate to heavy defoliation totalling 1300 acres were mapped 

in the sprayed zone, Map 3. The total of 2650 acres is a relatively small 

area compared with the 40,000 acres of heavy defoliation in 1967 9 or compared 

with the forecast of much more extensive defoliation for 1968 based on egg 

surveys in the fall, of 1967. Also estimates of defoliation showed that 

defoliation in 1968 was much less severe than in 1967. Outside the spray area 

two pockets of light to moderate defoliation were detected, one on the west 

side of Kashabowie Lake, the other along the open Bay Road north of Lac des 

Mille Lacs, 

Finally, egg surveys were conducted in August and early September 1968 

throughout the spray area and adjoining areas in northwestern Ontario. Samples 

were taken from 140 locations, 22 of which coincided with 1967 collection 

locations. Results from these 22 locations — mostly located within the spray 

area — show a dramatic reduction in egg populations from 1967 to 1968 (Table 4), 

The 1968 egg sampling indicated that high overwintering populations were 

confined to some 35,000 acres, located at the heart of the 1967 infestation 

area to the east of Burchell Lake (Table 5).

Kashabowie 

Lake 

• .111■ 

-eeereS.I/4~ 1/11111110, 

01111r1P-- -■11—^wl 

.4W1IIIMMINW- ■•■.01. -- 

'VENNI., S.. 

a=r4=...._■,.. 

aJ • • amar 

AM/ • MI • ~A_ 

_.,ININ•••■•/••■•• 

ANN OOOOOO • 11•41•■■•••. 

• • • • . OOOOOO O' ea/41MM/ W.A. 

IEL ■111IVEME 

r 4111MMIMMIIM 

411111 

••• NVAININL "NMI 

EVE ■•••••'. RI 

WINE • 

YR 11■11111 IMEN/I1 

INIVII• •I=INIEll • %MEW/ 

MEM IIMNI■la MIMI • 

1111Maa.:/ MEMINIA 

Area of severe defoliation, caused by 

1966 generation - detected July, 1967 

Area infested - 1967 fall egg survey

_„;rigat, 

Burchel 

I 1001 

4M:IM 

..O:MMI 

.:MMEM 

.7,,AIMME 

AMbOMOMM MEMO 

.MMI 

OMMO.7.. 

1146..MMI 

■US.F.SSOMO... 

.411, ...W.7:; .. 7 MMMMMM 

MM - ' ahl.[Kt. 

....°- ' -'- 'AIAGMA31. MMMMM 

.... - M OS.. n .4*-ar,* MP.. ,1110 - 4410....A.,.' - A1 

VIIfIffA7.40" JM 

"eilMSMOANIMM 

,MS:-.'Je■OSIM.-.:LMEMS 

"AMP'. .... 

• ,dOMM!diMIVANWAMMOw MMMMM 

dpm,mmOMMEr 

OMNI 

4Mr4M--AM110. 

:Mille Ur . Jr' Aft 

IMMO•MMIM. %/■1,- 0 

IMEML.MMIFJ IOAMMW I 

4 MOMMIMIN.am091MMO1 MMMMMM 

OMMUM AMMINIOMM: MMMMMM 

EMMI&A.^11 

MMIMMOM 

a 

...: MIP=MMMIMMU MMMMMM 

IOU MUMOOMMOBIEMMOMIN 

YJ ne-ZAMMUWA MMMMMM 

NIIION WVAINAMP!. MMMMMM 0 

J•V/MMEMMINISMIMM•MMIIMMIMMIM■Altwll•M'AMMEMEW-1/MMSM 

MMMMM MOMMMEEMMMLW inii, I■ 

'AMMON= 

WAMMIIMME 

WII/7-1•0 rin 

A4■00, 

Shebandowan Lake 

0 

Sumithion - one application 

Sumithion - first application 

Phosphamidon - second application 

Sumithion - two applications altNirit 

KMMIIMOSOC. 

[NM MMMMM C

F 10 

TABLE 4 

Comparison of 1967 and 1968 Egg Cluster Counts 

for Burchell Lake Region 

Location 

Egg clusters 

per 100 sq, feet 

1 6 

Egg clusters 

per 100 sq. feet 

of foliage_ 

l'68 

Burchell Lake 826 97 

McGinnis Lake 725 18 

Upper Shebandowan L. 

293 

34 

Squeers Lake 

136 

58 

Moss Lake 195 28 

Hoof Lake 38 18 

Greenwater L. 39 6 

Huronian L. 0 14 

Haines Twp. 25 3 

HW 11 - 5 mi. 

60 

14 

Shelter Island 

41 

8 

Athelstane L, Rd. 

Drift Lake Rd. 

0 

0 

3 

0 

Hagey Twp. 8 0 

Hood L. 11 15 

Kekekaub L. 7 26 

Plummes L. 3 0 

Greenwood L. 

4 3 

Titmarsh L. 

0 7 

Bolton Bay 

0 

0 

Crayfish L. 3 0 

Blackwell Twp. 0 3

F 11 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Egg Mass Counts Within the Spruce Budworm Spray Zone 

Indicating the Area Where Infestations are Forecast for 1969 

Location - 

Moss Lake 

Upper Shebandowan Lake, dam 

Ross Lake 

Upper Shebandowan Lake , west side 

Upper Shebandowan Lake , north of dam 

Upper Shebandowan Lake, south tip 

Squeers Lake 

Fountain Lake 

Burchell Lake , south east shore 

Burchell Lake 

Burchell Lake 

3 mi. west of Grouse Lake 

3 mi, southeast of Burchell Lake 

Upper Shebandowan Lake , south tip 

No. of egg masses Infestation 

per 100 sq. feet forecast for 

of foliage i969 

28 Light to Medium 

28 

a 

a 

It 

29 

Ii 

34 

tt II II 

42 

44 

58 

66 

83 

125 

137 

202 

222 

302 

Ii n 

it 

Medium to heavy 

111 it It 

Heavy 

Vt 

tt 

In the Fort Frances Districts pre-spray sampling revealed a substantial 

larval population at French Lake and light populations at the west end of 

McKenzie Lake. Both these areas were treated with one application of Sumithion 

(Map 2), Egg mass counts carried out at 22 locations extending from Cache Bay 

in the south to Byers Lake in the north indicated that low populations will 

occur again in 1969. The one exception was in the French Lake area where 

moderate to severe defoliation is forecast. 

Outside of the treated area in Port Arthur District , the numbers of eggs 

remained generally very low with light populations confined to Bedivere, Tilley, 

Kashabowie, Howse, Kekekaub and Ross lakes and at Baril Bay (Table 6). Egg- 

_ counts made in northwestern Ontario other than in the Port Arthur and Fort 

Frances districts were low and no infestations were found. 

In summary, the exact proportions of the striking reduction attributed to 

the spraying operation and to other factors such as unfavourable weather are 

not known owing to the unusual objective of the project. Survey results do 

reveal a dramatically improved spruce budworm situation in the susceptible 

spruce-fir forests west of the Lakehead.

F 12 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Egg Mass Counts in the Port Arthur District 

in 1968 and Infestation Forecasts for 1969 

Location 


per 100 sq. feet Forecast for 

of foliage 1969 

Sackville Township 0 

Hwy 11 (mid Hagey Twp.) 0 

Greenwater Lake, west 0 

Shelter Bay 0 

Whitefish Lake 0 

Boreal road 0 

Heart Lake 0 

Clovenhoof Lake 0 

3 mi. west of Burchell Lake 0 

Crayfish Lake 0 

Drift Lake 0 

N. of Drift Lake 0 

Huronian 0 

Poland 0 

Lac Des Mille Lac Lodge 0 

Lac Des Mille Lac Indian Reserve 0 

Lac Des Mille Lac Pine Point 0 

Lac Des Mille Lac east side 0 

Lac Des Mille Lac Portage Bay 0 

Lac Des Mille Lac Bolton Bay 0 

North of Clay Lake 0 

amines Lake 0 

Nelson Lake 0 

Flower Lake 0 

Marks Lake 0 

Marks Lake road 0 

Blackwell Township 0 

Aldina Township 0 

Aldina Township 

Batwing Lake 2 

Lower Shebandowan Lake south shore 2 

Lac Des Mille Lac, Upsala Twp. 2 

Postans 3 

Swallow Lake 3 

Greenwood Lake 3 

Moss mine 3 

Little Athelstane Lake 3 

East of Savanne Lake 3 

Mabella 3 

Middle Shebandowan Lake, narrows 3 

3 mi. south Moss mine 3 

Nil to light 

It It Pt 

n 11 11 

11 I1 

II 

II It 

11 11 11 

t1 tl 11 

tl 11 It 

11 

tt 

tt 11 

it It 11 

11 II 

11 It 1' 

M ff 

It tt 

It It ' 

11 11 11 

It 11 n 

It 11 11 

• ti 

• It 8 

n 8 

111 

It 

It ft 

tl it tt 

It 11 ft 

tt 

11 n It 

n 

tt It 

• 11 II 

ft n tt

F 


No, of egg masses Infestation 

per 100 sq. ft. Forecast for 

Location of folia e 1 6 

Marks Lake road 

Lower Shebandowan Lake south shore 

Ames Township (Hwy 11) 

Lac Des Mille Lac, Joynt Township 

Lac Des Mille Lac, Inwood road 

Lac Des Mille Lac, Blind Bay 

North of Quetico 

4 mi east of P.A. — F.F. border 

Lac Des Mille Lac, Cushing Lake 

Lac Des Mille Lacy Dam 

Shafton Lake 

Greenwater Lake east 

Bemer Lake 

Savanne Lake 

Kashabowie 

Lac Des Mille Lac, Open Bay 

East of Postans 

Lily Lake 

Titmarsh Lake 

Whitefish Lake east 

Shelter Island 

Middle Shebandowan Lake, south shore 

Lower Shebandowan Lake, south shore 

Sandstone Lake 

Boreal road 

Burchell Lake road, mi 4 

Lower Shebandowan Lake, south shore 

Goldie Township 

Golding Township 

4 mi west of Burchell Lake, Hwy 11 

East of Huronian, Hwy 11 

Lake 

Chief Peter Lake 

Powell Lake 

Middle Shebandowan Lake, south shore 

Hoof Lake 

McGinnis Lake 

Lac Des Mille Lac, Baril Bay 

Tilley Lake 

Bedivere Lake 

Kashabowie Lake 

Howse Lake 

Kekekaub Lake 

4 Nil to light 

H n It 

4 

It 11 II 

4 

m '1 11 

4 

n It 11 

4 

n 

4 ' 

5 " 

11 II 

5 

11 It 11 

5 

11 11 H 

If II n 

5 

6 

II II It 

m m - 

6 

6 

m 11 m 

6 fl '1 II 

6 II m m 

6 If 

" " 

m 11 11 

7 

II II 

7 n 

11 n If 

7 

8 If " 11 

8 II 11 II 

8 

11 '1 H 

8 fl II a 

8 If 11 a 

9 n n n 

10 n If a 

10 It II II 

12 a a II 

12 If ft II 

14 

n n If 

14 

15- 

15 

n 11 It 

If II _At_ 

II If It 

16 

n 

17 

18 Light 

18 

19 

20 

22 It 

23 

23 

26 Light to medium

Defoliation in 1968 

light - moderate a0 

moderate - heavy $ 

Predicted moderate to heavy defoliation in 1969

14 

Jack Pine Budworm, Choristoneura pinus pinus Free. 

No infestations of this destructive insect were found in the district in 

1968. Small numbers were collected at scattered locations along the Graham 

road and north of Lake Shebandowan. Quantitative sampling of egg populations 

at eight locations in the English River area and along the Graham road gave 

negative results except at Graham where very small numbers were found. Intensive 

sampling was carried out in the western part of the district, but no extension 

of the large heavy infestation in the Western Region was observed. 


Population levels remained low at all sample points in the district in 

1968. Minor population increases were recorded at all quantitative sampling 

points except in MacGregor Township where a substantial decrease occurred (Table 

7). 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Counts of the Larch Casebearer in the Port Arthur District in 1968 

Note: Counts are based on the examination of four 18-inch branch tips from 

each of four trees at each location. 

Location 

MacGregor Twp, El 

O'Connor Twp, tL 

Crookes Twp, El 

Sibley Peninsula tL 

Paipoonge Twp. tL 

Aire d.b.h. 


Host in inches 

8 

7 

7 

8 

8 

Av, no, larvae per 18" branch ti 

1966 1967 

6.2 

.l 

l.2 

.2 

.110 .10 L.11 

8.4 

.1 

.2 

.0 

LIIS>claSt.a. 

2.0 

.5 

.3 

100 

Blotch Miner on Balsam Poplar, Lithocolletis sp. 

-Heavy infestations of this-miner on balsam poplar persisted at sample 

points in Division 24, Substantial increases in the percentage of leaves 

infested occurred in Conmee and Oliver townships. The only decrease was noted 

in Neebing Township where 66 per cent mining was recorded compared with 84 per 

cent in 1967. Only minor fluctuations in numbers of mines per leaf occurred at 

sample locations except in Scoble and Oliver townships (Table 8).

F 15 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Leaf Mining by Lithocolletis sp. in the PortArthur District 


Location 

township 


Av. no. mines per leaf 

1966 1'6 168 1 66 l'6 1'68 

Marks 96 90 96 l.9 1.6 1.8 

O'Connor 85 99 98 2.3 6.7 6.2 

Neebing 50 84 66 .6 l.5 1.7 

Scoble 100 100 99 4.4 8.l 3.8 

Conmee 63 68 81 .9 l.0 2.l 

Paipoonge 68 98 95 1.2 3.6 3,9 

Oliver 100 63 98 3.9 .9 3.5 

Red Pine Sawfly, Neodi prion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

Population levels of this sawfly increased at numerous locations in 

Division 24. The heaviest defoliation, ranging from 20 to 70 per cent, occurred 

in small diameter understory jack pine trees in Paipoonge and Neebing townships. 

Defoliation of larger understory trees was light. Elsewhere in the district 

population levels were low. 


Population levels of the white pine weevil fluctuated considerably in the 

district in 1968. The most noteworthy increase was recorded in a white pine 

plantation in Paipoonge T ownship where 14 per cent of the trees were weeviled 

compared with 4 per cent in 1967. In contrast, a decrease in the number of 

weeviled trees occurred on an adjacent Scots pine plantation. In Marks Township 

a six per cent increase in the number of infested trees was recorded in 

a Norway spruce shelterbelt (Table 9). In forested areas population levels 

remained low. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Damage by the White Pine Weevil in Port Arthur District in 1968 

Location 

Host 

Av. d.b.h. 

in inches 

Per cent trees weeviled 

1966 1967 1161 

Paipoonge Township 

Thunder Bay Nursery 

jP 4.5 4 5 5 

Boy Scout Tree Farm wP 3.0 7 4 14 

Boy Scout Tree Farm ScP 4.5 3 12 10 

Boy Scout Tree Farm ScP 3.5 9 22 14 

Marks Township nS 3 19 2 5

F 16 

Larch Sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg,) 

No important change in the status of the larch sawfly was observed in the 

district in 1968. Heavy defoliation, in excess of 40 per cents occurred in most 

larch stands in Soper and McIntyre townships. Along Highway 17 West , medium 

infestations occurred in Upsala and Inwood townships. Light infestations were 

noted along Highway 17, , 11 and the Spruce River and Armstrong roads. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Port Arthur District in 1968 


Acleris variana Fern 


bF Low numbers along Lac Des Mille 

Lac rd. Inwood Twp. 

Adelges lariciatus Patch wS 

Small numbers on open-grown hosts 

in Paipoonge Twp. and at Black 

Sturgeon Lake. Two other species 

of gall insects found in 

association at latter location 

Adelges strobilobius Kalt. 


Calligrapha multipunctata 

bigsbyana Kby. 

wS Recovered in small numbers at 

Black Sturgeon Lake 

Dogwood Moderate populations in upper 

crown of hosts at Birch Beach, 

MacGregor Township. Defoliation 

30 per cent 

Light populations Kashabowie 

River , defoliation 15 per cent 

Cecidcmyia reeksi Bock. jP Light populations on scattered 

open-grown hosts , Thunder Bay 

Nursery 

Compsolechis Cham niveopulvella 

tA 

Medium infestation in several 

stands in Upsala Township 


Dryocoetes affaber Mann. 

Fenusa pusilla IAN 

wS Small numbers on open-grown 

hosts on Sibley Peninsula 

bS Moderate populations recovered 

in trap logss Armstrong road 

wB Light infestation on open hosts 

Stanley, Paipoonge Twp.

F 17 



Host 

Remark 

Gelechiidae 

Gonioctena americana Schaef. 

Gonioctena notmani (Schaef.) 

tA 

Numerous hosts lightly infested 

east of Raith 

Common on Sibley Peninsula, ay. 

defoliation 10 per cent 

Small n umbers collected in Golding 

Twp, 



W Av. 1 colony per tree on open 

planted hosts, Fallis Twp. 

bF Light populations Lac Des Mille 

Lac, Bedivere lakes and Shelter 

Bay road. Reduction in latter 

area in 1968 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae JP 

Roh. 

Neodiprion virginianus complex JP 

Colonies more numerous on all 

diameter size trees, Paipoonge 

Twp. 

Occasional colonies, Kashabowie 

River 

Phyllocolpa sp. W,bPo High populations in O'Connor Twp. 

Moderate populations found in 

Paipoonge Twp. 

Pineus similis Gill 


Pissodes approximatus Hopk. rP 

Pityophthorus sp. rP 

Small numbers of galls caused by 

this species north end Black 

Sturgeon Lake 

Heavy infestation persisted in 

plantation in McTavish Township. 

Light mortality present 

Occurred commonly in roots of 

dead hosts, McTavish Twp. 

Moderate numbers recovered in 

stem of dead hosts, McTavish Twp. 


Mut. & Free, 

mS 

Small numbers recovered on mat 

samples Sibley Peninsula

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE GERALDTON DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm. Choristoneura fumiferana 

F 18 

Larch Casebearer, 


F 18 

Wandering Sawfly Dimorphopteryx melanognathus 

A Birch Leaf Miner. Fenusa pusilla 

Western Tent Caterpillar. Malacosoma californicum pluviale 

F 19 

F 19 

F 19 

Red Pine Sawfly 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly 

Pitch Nodule Maker. 

A Birch Leaf Beetle 


Neodiprion virginianus Complex 

• Petrova albicapitana 

Phratora hudsonia 

F 19 

F 19 

F 20 

F 21 

Leaf-folding Sawflies 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly 

White Pine Weevil . 

Larch Sawfly. 

Phyllocolpa spp, F 21 

Pikonema alaskensis F 21 

• Pissodes strobi 

• Pristiphora erichsonii 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner 

Spruce Bud Gall Midge . 

Profenusa thomsoni 

0 0 Rhabdophaga swainei 

23 

F 25

F 18 


Emphasis on spruce budworm surveys was sparked in 1968 by marked increases 

in population levels of this insect in central and southeastern Ontario. An 

intensive survey was carried out in 1968 to determine spruce budworm populations 

in the Geraldton District. Single larvae were recovered from black spruce in 

Kilkenny Township and from white spruce in Booth Township and at one location 

10 miles east of Longlac. Branch samples were taken from balsam fir trees at 

four locations in the district and examined for spruce budworm egg masses. 

Results indicate that light defoliation will occur in 1969 in the Rossport 

and Limestone Lake areas (Table 4). 

TABLE 4 

Defoliation of the Current Year's Growth of Balsam-fir Trees 

in the Geraldton District and Infestation Forecasts for 1969 

Based on Egg Mass Density 

Location 

Per cent 

defoliation 



of foliage 

Infestation 

forecast for 

1969 

Rossport (Twp. 86) 5 91 Light 

Limestone Lake 5 25 Light 

Surgeon River 

(Colther Twp.) 3 0 Nil 

Longlac 2 0 Nil 


Population levels of the larch casebearer remained low at quantitative 

sample points in 1968 (Table 5). Populations increased slightly in Croll 

Township where a count of l.l larvae per 18-inch branch tip was recorded. 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts in the Geraldton District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 4, 18" branch tips from each of 

4 trees at each location. 

Location Av. d.b.h. of Av. no. larvae per 18" branch tip 

(township) sample trees in inches 1966 1967 1968 

87 6 0.2 0.4 .06 

Croll 6 0.5 0.2 1.l

F 19 

Wandering Sawfly, Dimorphopteryx melanognathus Roh. 

This defoliator was found in small numbers along the north shore of Lake 

Superior in 1968. Low populations were observed on small scattered white birch 

at Rainbow Falls Park in Township 85, in Pic Township and near St. Evens. 

Defoliation did not exceed 5 per cent at any location. 

A Birch Leaf Miner, Fenusa pusilla (Lep.) 

A small infestation of this miner persisted at Orient Bay in 1968. 

Quantitative sampling, however, showed that the numbers of mined leaves declined 

from 72 per cent in 1967 to 28 per cent in 1968. A medium infestation persisted 

on open-grown birch trees in an area of approximately 10 acres and a light 

infestation occurred in the surrounding area. 

Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar) 

Population levels of this insect were low in the district in 1968. 

Quantitative sampling showed the highest numbers in Pic Township where 8 tents 

were found along 1 mile of roadside. Willow, cherry and white birch regeneration 

were common host species. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Counts per Measured Mile of Roadside 

in the Geraldton District in 1968 

Total tents 

Location Host 1968 

Parent Twp. wB 2 

Pagwachuan L. Rd. W 2 

Ashmore Twp. wB 1 

Twp. 87 wB 2 

Pic Twp. pCh 8 

Red Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

Population levels of this sawfly remained low in the district in 1968. The 

highest number of colonies occurred on several young open-grown jack-pine trees 

in Summers Township where an average of 7 colonies per tree caused complete 

defoliation of the old foliage on five trees. Scattered colonies were observed 

in Nakina Township. 


This sawfly was found commonly on open-grown jack pine in the Geraldton, 

Longlac and Nakina divisions in 1968. In McQuesten Township an average of 15 

colonies per tree on 10, 10-foot trees caused complete defoliation (Table 7),

GERALDTON DISTRICT 

Locations where three 

species of pine sawflies 

were observed 


Legend 

Red-headed jack-pine sawfly ---() 


Black-headed jack-pine sawfly -E3 

SCALE 

20 10 0 20 40 

1■1 

I I 

MILES

F 20 

Heavy defoliation was also observed on several 15-foot trees near False Creek. 

No colonies were observed elsewhere in the district. Open-grown trees were 

usually infested but some light defoliation was noted in fully-stocked stands. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Larval Colony Counts of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly 

in the Geraldton District in 1968 

Av. no. of 

Av, d.b.h of sample No, of trees colonies per tree 

Location trees in inches examined 1968 

McQuesten Twp. 4 10 15 

20 mi. E. Longlac 3 4 2 

Ashmore Twp. 2,5 20 1 

Fulford Twp. 5 100 .04 

Phipps Lake 3 100 .04 

Exton Twp. 4.5 100 .03 

Pitch Nodule Maker, Petrova albica pitana Busck 

Population levels of this insect were low at all sample points in 1968 

(Table 8). The highest numbers were recorded near Longlac where quantitative 

sampling revealed 45 new nodules on 100 jack pine trees in a young plantation. 

High populations that occurred in the Beardmore area in the past few years 

declined to endemic levels in 1968. This insect was found predominantly on 

open-grown trees in plantations but low numbers were also noted in well-stocked 

stands. In some areas, especially north of Geraldton, the main stems of trees 

that were weakened by the nodules were broken off by high winds in late summer, 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Nodule Counts of Pitch Nodule Maker in the Geraldton District in 1968 

Note: Counts represent all inhabited nodules on 100 trees. 

Av, d.b.h. of sample trees Total nodules 

Location in inches 1968 

Longlac 1 

Goldfield Rd. 1 

45 

11 

Nakina Twp. 1-l/2 18 

Twp. 84 0.5 2 

Stevens 2 3

tA 

F21 

A Birch Leaf Beetle, Phratora hudsonia Brown 

A light infestation persisted in Township 86. Although populations of this 

comparatively rare leaf beetle remained low, the area of infestation increased 

from several acres in 1967 to five square miles in 1968 extending from Rainbow 

Falls to Rossport Provincial Park . bight defoliation was observed on all white 

birch whereas scattered open-grown trees sustained moderate to heavy defoliation. 

Defoliation generally was confined to the lower branches of host trees. 

Leaf-folding Sawflies, Phyllocolpa spp. 

Populations of this insect declined sharply throughout the district in 

1968. The most noticeable decline was recorded in a sample from trembling 

aspen along the Diversion Channel Road where 74 per cent of the leaves were 

folded in 1967 compared with 10 per cent in 1968 (Table 9). T he highest 

population was observed in Croll Township. These sawflies occurred largely on 

trembling aspen and balsam poplar reproduction. Quantitative samples showed 

that only 20 to 42 per cent of the folds contained larvae. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Leaf Folding Sawfly Counts in the Geraldton District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 leaves at each location. 

Location 

Tree Per cent leaves affected Per cent folds 

species 1967 

168 inhabited 19 68 

Diversion Channel tA 74 10 20 

Chorus Lake 

34 15 33 

Klotz Lake tA 28 3 33 

Taffy Lake bPo 22 4 25 

Pic Twp. tA 19 3 33 

Croll Twp. bPo 

OUP.. 

19 42 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly, Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) - 

High populations of this common pest occurred in scattered pockets of 

small white spruce in Ashmore and Rupert townships and at Klotz Lake. In 

Rupert Township, one 15-foot open-grown tree suffered approximately 40 per 

cent defoliation. Elsewhere in the district light defoliation was common 

and generally confined to ornamental and roadside trees. 

White Pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck.) 

White pine weevil populations increased at most sample points in the 

district in 1968 (Table 10). Quantitative sampling showed the high population 

in a young open-grown white spruce plantation in Kowkash Township where 26 per 

cent of the trees were weeviled (see map). A sharp population increase was

F 22 

noted at Flynn Lake where 1 per cent of the trees in a young roadside plantation 

was weeviled in 1967 compared with 10 per cent in 1968. A heavy infestation was 

observed in Walters Township and medium populations occurred near Stevens and 

on the Goldfield Road. 

Heavy damage caused by this insect was confined to young open-grown plantations. 

A heavy infestation was observed in a natural stand of 18- to 30-foot 

spruce in Walters Township. It is interesting to note that the insect was most 

abundant on spruce trees in the Geraldton District whereas in the Port Arthur 

District pine trees are most commonly infested, 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Damage by the White Pine Weevil in the Geraldton District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 trees at each location, 

Av. height Per cent trees weeviled 

Location Host(s) in feet 1966 1967 1968 

Flynn Lake bS,wS 4 13 1 10 

Stevens bS 7 1 9 9 

Maple Road bS 8 0 2 5 

Booth Twp. bS 7 -- - 3 

Walters Twp. bS 18 -- - 16 

Legault Twp. bS 6 ___ - 2 

Caramat bS 7 — 1 

MI 66 Goldfield Rd. bS 8 -- - 13 

MI 36 Goldfield Rd. bS 8 - 2 

Kowkash Twp. wS 3 _ - 26 


Larch sawfly populations increased throughout the district in 1968. A heavy 

infestation persisted in a 5-acre semi-mature stand of larch in Croll Township 

(see-map). Defoliation increase from about 40 per cent in 1967 to 90 per cent 

in 1968 in this stand, Moderate infestations, with up to 50 per cent defoliation, 

were observed in Ledger, Colther and Croll townships and at Toupee Lake (Table 

11). Elsewhere in the district most stands suffered light defoliation,

F 23 

TABLE 11 

Larch Sawfly Curled Tip Counts in the Geraldton District in 1968 

Notes 

Degree of infestation is based on a sequential sampling system using 

numbers of curled tips 0 

Location 

• 

Av. d.b 

trees 

.h. of sample 

in inches 

Per cent 

curled tips 

Degree of 

infestation 

Croll Twp. 

Ledger Twp. 

Colther Twp. 

Croll Twp. 

Toupee L© 

40 mi. E. Longlac 

Irwin Twp* 

Lindsley Twp.. 

Lindsley Twp. 

Lydia L. 

Errington Twp* 

Twp. 87 

Twp* 81 

Errington Twp. 

1 K 

8.0 

S 0 G 

7.5 

7.0 

5.0 

7.5 

5*5 

5.0 

7.0 

4.0 

6 o 0 

8 o 0 

6 o 0 

29.7 

21.0 

17.0 

16.6 

15.0 

4 . 1 

3.6 

Jo X 

2*9 

2.5 

2.5 

1*7 

1*4 

0 

Severe 

Moderate 

it 

n 

n 

Light 

it 

ft 

ii 

If 

fl 

If 

It 

ft 

Amber-marked 

Birch Leaf Miner, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

Populations of this leaf miner declined at all sample points in 1968 

(Table 12). However, heavy infestations persisted near Caramat and in Ashmore 

Township (see map). Severe browning and early mortality of foliage occurred 

in Ashmore Township where high numbers of larvae per leaf were observed. A 

medium infestation persisted in Daley Township. A heavy infestation near 

Stevens declined sharply in 1968. Severe defoliation was usually confined to 

open-grown or fringe trees but light to moderate damage was noted in some 

forest stands*


Locations where infestations 

were 


Legend 




a• 

• 

SCALE 

20 10 0 20 

.I••■* *mm4 

MILES 

40



were 


Legend 




ao 

• 

SCALE 

20 10 0 20 

MI LES 

40



were 


Legend 




• 

SCALE 

20 10 0 20 

1 

MILES 

40

F 24 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Damage by the Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner 

in the Geraldton District from 1966 to 1968 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of 100 leaves, at each location. 

Location 


1 • 66 

Caramat 26 84 71 

Daley Twp. 38 42 38 

GWaeMa 

Stevens 74 2 

,M1a.M 

Beardmore 12 1 

MMUMO 

Pic Twp. 8 7 

Mtlaan 

Twp. 86 1 

Twp. 85 1 

Mta. 

20 mi. E. Longlac 2 

OMC 

Ashmore Twp. 86 

Spruce Bud Gall Midge, Rhabdophaga swainei Felt 

Populations of this insect increased at all sample points in the district 

(Table 13). The highest population was observed in a black spruce plantation 

on the Goldfield Road where 22 per cent of the terminal buds were infested. 

The largest population increase was noted in Croll T ownship where 16 per cent 

of the terminal buds were infested in 1968 compared with 3.7 per cent in 1967. 

Up to 75 per cent mortality of terminal buds occurred in one small plantation 

in Sandra Township. Heavy infestations were usually confined to open-grown 

hosts. 

TABLE 13 

Summary of Damage by the Spruce Bud Gall Midge in the Geraldton District 


trees. 

Note: Counts were based on the examination of the 

branch tips from each of ten 

Location 

Tree 

s ecies 

Per cent terminal buds infested 

1 66 1 6 1/6a 

Croll Twp. bS 2.0 3.7 16.0 

Goldfield Rd. bS 8.0 8.5 22.0 

Irwin Twp, 

bS 

10.0 

Pic Twp. 

wS 1.3 10.6 

1700 

Twp, 84 bS 7.3 9.8 10.0 

Stevens bS _-= 11.0 

Twp. 82 wS 6.8 7.6 8.0

t

F 26 



Epinotia solandriana Linn* 

Host(s) 

wB,bPo,tA 

Remarks 

High population on wB in Twp. 

Eupithecia sp. 

Euura hospes Walsh 

Euura salicispisum (Walsh) 


Galerucella decora Say 

85, light numbers elsewhere 

tL Low population, Twp, 77 

¥ Small numbers, Terrior Lake 

¥ Low numbers, Ashmore Twp. 

Al Moderate population, Twp. 87, 

elsewhere,light 

Gonioctena americana (Schaef.) 


Herculia devialis Grt. 


tA 

tA 

W 

bS 

W 

Low numbers, Ashmore Twp. 


Small numbers, Coltham Twp. 

Moderate infestation of old 

cones, Conglomerate Lake 

One colony recovered, Coltham 

Twp. 

Ipimorpha pleonectusa Grt. tA 

Lithocolletis salicifoliella Cham. tA 

Mayetiola rigidae O.S. W 

Neodiprion maurus Roh. jP 

Single larvae, Goldfield Road 

High population, 0'Sullivan 

Lake, low populations elsewhere 

Low numbers at several locations 

Single colony, Fulford Twp. 

Neodiprion 

pratti 

Single colonies, Errington and 

Croll twps. 

Nyctobia limitaria Wlk. 

Nymphalis antiopha L. 


Panthea acronyctoides Wlk. 

Papilio glaucus Linn. 

tL,wS 

¥ 

bF 

tL 

Mo 

Low numbers,

F 27 

TABLE 14 (concluded 


Phratora purpurea purpurea Brown 

Pineus similis Gill. 

Pontania salicis-pisum (Thomas) 


Semiothisa sexmaculata Pack. 

tL 

bPo,tA Two colonies, Twp. 86 


Single larva, Coltham Twp. 

Low numbers, Goldfield Rd. 

and Summers Twp. 


Semiothisa. submarmorata Wlk. tL 

Two larvae, Ashmore Twp. 

Syngrapha selecta Wlk. 

bF 

Single larva from each balsam 

plot 

Trichiocampus irregularis Dyar bPo 

Zeiraphera canadensis Mut, and wS 

Free. 

Zeiraphera destitutana (Walker) 

Two colonies, Twp. 86 

Low populations, numerous loca 

tions 

Low numbers, Rupert and Fulford 

tarps. and Twp. 81 

Zeugophora abnormis Leo. 

bPo 

Small numbers, Booth Twp.

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE WHITE RIVER DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm # • »-«•*#.*«• Choristoneura fumiferana F 28 

Larch Casebearer * • * • • • • » • • Coleophora laricella F 28 

Western Tent Caterpillar •••*•• .Malacosoma californicum pluviale F 28 

Bed Pine Sawfly. . . • • • . • » . . »Neodiprion nanulus nanulus F 29 

larch Sawfly • • . . • • » . • . . • .Pristiphora erichsonii F 29 

Mountain Ash Sawfly. • .....*• .Pristiphora geniculata F 29 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner. ... .Profenusa thomsoni F 29 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects *••••••............ f 30 

C. Davis 

K. Hall

F 28 

Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem,) 

Spruce budworm larvae were collected more commonly in the district in 

1968 than in 1967. A small pocket of light infestation was reported along 

Highway 101 in the Kinniwabi River area (Townships 26 and 27 0 Range 23). 

Small numbers of larvae were also collected in the Camp 70 area. Aerial surveys 

of the northeastern section of the district in October failed to reveal any 

areas of defoliation. No egg masses were found on balsam fir branch samples 

from Tatnalle, Gibben and Oba Lakes and from Township 28 0 Range 27 and 

Township 53. This part of the district is of particular interest because 

spruce budworm populations increased in 1968 in two adjacent townships in the 

Chapleau and Kapuskasing districts. Intensive surveys will be carried out in 

spruce budworm host stands in the eastern part of the district in 1969. 


Larch casebearer populations remained at endemic levels at all sample 

points in the district in 1968 (Table 4). The highest number was recorded in 

Township 30 0 Range 26 where a count of .2 larvae per 18-inch branch tip was 

obtained. 

TABLE 4 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Counts in the White River District 


Note: Counts based on 4, 18-inch branch tips from each of 4 trees at each 

location. 

Location 

Av, d.b.h. of sample 


Av. no. larvae per 18-inch branch 

1'66 16 168 

Twp. 29 Rge. 23 5 0 0 0.1 

Twp. 30, Rge. 26 4 0 0.5 0.2 

Pic Twp. 5 0 0 0.1 

Western Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar 

Western tent caterpillar populations declined at most quantitative sampling 

points in 1968 (Table 5). A slight increase was noted in Bryant Township where 

a count of 5 tents per mile of roadside was made in 1968 compared with 3 in 1967. 

No colonies were found at other sample points. The sharpest decline was noted 

along the Camp 70 Road where a negative colony count was obtained in 1968 

compared with 14 in 1967. Willow, cherry and white birch shrubs were common 

host species.

F 29 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Western Tent Caterpillar Counts per Measured Mile of Roadside 

in the White River District from 1966 to 1968 

Location 

Number of tents per mile of roadside 

1966 1967 1968 

Manitouwadge 10 10 0 

Bryant Twp. 5 3 5 

Magone Twp. 7 4 0 

Twp. 71 5 8 0 

Cp. 70 Road 6 14 0 


Populations of this sawfly increased slightly at two sample points in 

1968. Counts made on 10 trees at each location showed that populations 

increased from 1.0 in 1967 to 2.1 colonies per tree in Hunt Township and from 

0.2 to 0.5 in Township 64. Scattered colonies were observed in Township 70. 


Defoliation caused by this insect was generally light throughout the 

district in 1968. Heavy defoliation was noted on small numbers of fringe 

trees in Township 70 and on understory regeneration in Township 32, Range 

27. A medium infestation occurred on a small number of trees near Manitouwadge. 

Mountain-ash Sawfly, Pristiphora geniculata Htg. 

A heavy infestation of the mountain-ash sawfly persisted between Agawa 

Bay and Wawa in the Lake Superior Park. No extension in the range of this 

introduced European pest was observed in this area in 1968. 

Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

Scattered pockets of heavy infestation of this leaf miner persisted 

along Highway 17 West of White River but slight population declines were noted 

at all sample points (Table 6). The most significant decline occurred in 

Bryant Township where 42 per cent of the leaves were mined in 1968 compared 

with 83 per cent in 1967.

F 30 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Damage by the Amber-marked Birch Leaf Miner 

in the White River District in 1967 and 1968 

Note Counts were based on the examination of 100 leaves from 3 trees at 

each location. 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. of sample trees 

in inches 

er cent of leaves mined 

1cLEIE____a_68 

Hunt Twp. 3 84 51 

Bryant Twp. 3 83 42 

Twp. 70 4 83 76 

Twp. 71 3 80 72 

Cecile Twp, 4 92 88 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in White River District in 1968 


Argyresthia pygmaella Hbn. 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. 


Enargia infumata Grt. 

• - - 

W 

tL 

wS 

remarks 

Light populations along 

Mani-touwadge Road 

Small numbers in large size 

hosts, Hawk Lake 

Small numbers on mat samples, 

High Falls Road 

Light populations on understory 

trees, Regan 

Lithocolletis salicifoliefla tA 

Cham. 

Lithocolletis sp. Al 


Light population on open 

regeneration, Hunt Twp. 

Common in several areas in 

Twp. 70 

Occasional colony along Tukanee 

Lake Road, Hunt Twp. 

Neodiprion sp. 

jP 

Av. .4 colonies per trees 

Twp. 70 


jP One colony Pic Twp.

F 31 



Host( 

Remarks 

Pissodes strobi Peck 

wS 

Small numbers, Barbara L. and 

Hunt Twp. 

Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. & Free bS 

Zeiraphera destitutana (Walker) wS 

Zeugophora sp. bPo 

Small numbers, High Falls Road 

Small numbers recovered on mat 

samples, Camp 36 road, Marathon 

Common on regeneration Marion 

Lake and Twp 70

WESTERN FORESTREGION 


INTRODUCTION 


Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe • • • • • • • • « • Arceuthobium pusillum G 1 

Page 

Needle Rusts of Spruce. • •«•

INTRODUCTION 

Western Forest Region 

The following report deals with insect and disease conditions in the 

Western Region in 1968. The jack-pine budworm and forest tent caterpillar 

were again the major insect pests in the region. Larch sawfly populations 

declined in some areas but were comparable to 1967 in the region as a whole. 

A marked decline was noted in jack-pine sawfly populations. Spring cankerworm 

infestations occurred in two of the districts. 

For the 1968 field season emphasis was placed on several of the more 

important tree diseases in the region. A change in the method of evaluating 

incidence and levels of infection of these diseases was initiated in 1968. 

Acknowledged as the first herbarium records for Ontario were the organisms, 

Hydenellum aurantiacum (Batsch ex Fr.) Karst and Phellodon tomentosus (Fr.) 

Banker submitted both from the Sioux Lookout District. 

The Supervisor for the Region was absent from the area from May 13 to 

June 24 to assist with the spruce budworm spray project at Shebandowan. In 

this respect a word of appreciation is due personnel of the Department of 

Lands and Forests and Woods operators for their co-operation and understanding. 

P. E. Buchan

G 1 

Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium pusillum Peck. 

Evaluations carried out at five locations in the region revealed that 

damage caused by this parasitic seed plant generally occurred on trees growing 

on exceedingly moist sites. 

Heavy infections occurred at Stewart Lake and in Temple s Jaffray and 

Devonshire townships in Kenora District. In Sioux Lookout District trace 

levels of infection were observed near Sandbar and Cloven lakes in Ignace 

Division. Damage caused by this disease has been included in reports for 

several years. Through additional surveys carried out in 1968 no new areas 

of serious infection was recorded. 

Needle Rusts of Spruce, Chrysomyxa ledicola Lager. and Chrysomyxa ledi d By. 

These needle rusts on black and white spruce vary in intensity from year 

to year. A further decrease in the level of infection caused by these 

organisms was evident along Highway 599 from Savant to Pickle Lake in 1968. 

Black spruce was the principal host in 1968, but small numbers of infected 

white spruce were observed as well. In Sioux Lookout District an area of 

moderate infection occurred at Cloven Lake. Generally in the region these 

needle rusts could be recorded at the trace level of infection wherever black 

spruce stands occur, in particular on regeneration stems in moderately moist 

sites. 


Various levels of infection caused by this organism are present throughout 

the range of white pine in the Western Forest Region. Ribes species, the 

alternate host of White Pine Blister Rust, can be found throughout the region. 

Damage appraisals were carried out at four locations in 1968. 

A heavy infection occurred on several islands north of the Noden Causeway 

across Rainy Lake in Fort Frances District. At Wasaw Lake and along Sandy Bay 

in Rainy Lake moderate infections were reported. In Kenora District, heavy 

infection was recorded on an island in Andrew Bay, Lake of the Woods. The 

disease was also noted near Blue Lake Park (Table 1).

G2 

TABLE 1 


in the Western Region in 1968 

Location 

Fort Frances District 

Per cent incidence 

.ISPOM.111:120.10, 

Level of infection 

Wasaw Lake 3 

Sandy Bay, Rainy Lake 50 

Rainy Lake north of Causeway 32 H 

Kenora District 

Pipestone Park (Andrew Bay) 80 

Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar, Hypoxylon mammatum Wahl. 

Cankered poplar occurred commonly throughout the region. Little change in 

distribution and only gradual changes in intensity of this disease occurred from 

year to year. Evaluations to determine levels of infection were made at 11 

locations in the region (Table 2). 

An evaluation in Sanford Township in Kenora District revealed heavy 

infection, whereas in Wabigoon Township, and in an area near McIntosh moderate 

levels of infection were recorded. Trace infections were found near Roughrock 

Lake. 

In Fort Frances District evaluations in Roddick and Kingsford townships 

revealed heavy infection levels, and one area in Mather Township was light. 

Moderate infections were recorded along Balmertown Road, and in Pickerel 

Township as well as an area 30 miles north of Pickle Lake in the Sioux Lookout 

District. An area of light infection was found 35 miles north of Dryden.

G3 

TABLE 2 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of the Hypoxylon Canker of Poplar 

on Trembling Aspen, in the Western Region in 1968 

Location 

Basal area 

diseased total 

Per cent 

incidence 

Level of 

infection 

Sioux Lookout District 

Pickle Lake 20 90 20 M 

Balmer Twp, 20 90 25 M 

Pickerel Twp. 15 45 15 M 


Roddick Twp. 33 132 40 

Kingsford Twp. 132 231 55 


Wabigoon Twp. 14 54 40 M 

Sanford Twp, 50 60 62 H 

McIntosh 5 32 20 M 

Eastern Gall Rust, Peridermium sp. 

Peridermium sp. on jack pine was most severe on small trees throughout the 

region (Table 3). Branch mortality in infected areas was relatively high, but 

tree mortality was negligible. 

In Kenora District infection levels were high in a plantation near Dryden, 

and moderate near Blue Lake Park. Surveys in the Fort Frances District 

revealed heavy infection levels near Finlayson and Despair lakes, and moderate 

damage occurred near Mine Centre. Light infection was noted in most of the 

Sioux Lookout District, However, in Vermilion Additional Township, and in 

Block 10 moderate infection occurred.

G 4 

TABLE 3 

Summary of Incidence and Infection Levels of Eastern Gall Rust on Jack Pine 

in the Western Region in 1968 

Per cent 

Level of 

Location incidence infection 


Vermilion Additional Twp. 40 

Block 10 75 


Finlayson Lake 60 H 

Lake Despair 20 

Mine Centre 10 


Blue Lake Park 70 

Dryden 56 

Poplar Leaf and Twig Blight, Pollaccia radiosa (Lib,) Bald. & Cif, 

Pollaccia radiosa, a foliage and twig tip disease s was observed throughout 

the region, usually at light or trace levels of infection. Areas of 

moderate infection occurred near Williams Bay in Sioux Lookout District, and 

in Wabigoon Township in Kenora District. Localized heavy infections not 

conducive to evaluation can be observed on sucker growth trees along roadsides 

and in open areas throughout the region. 

Jack Pine Mortality 

Large numbers of recently killed jack pine were observed in an area of 

approximately 200 square miles in the northwestern corner of Sioux Lookout 

District in 1968. Mortality which occurred in early July was confined to 

high, dry s rocky sites with an exceedingly thin depth of soil. Samples 

submitted from dead trees in the area were infected with Valsa pini 

(Alb. & Schw.) Fr" Scoleconectria cucurbitula (Tode ex Fr,) Booth, and 

Cenangium abietis (Pers) Rehm,

G 5 

TABLE 4 

Other Noteworthy Diseases in the Western Region in 1968 

Organism 

Host(s) 

97:61:24 

Remarks 

Alternaria tenuis Nees 

Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. 

jP 

One of three organisms found in 

a large area of needle drop and 

discolouration 

Trace in Kenora and Sioux Lookout 

districts 

Aureobasidium pullulans (d By.) Arn.jP 

Ciborina whetzelii (Seaver) Seaver tA 

Associated with needle drop and 

discolouration 

Light infection near Madsen 

Sioux Lookout District; this 

tar spot (see photograph) causes 

premature leaf drop 

Cladosporium variable (Cke.) 

De Vries 

bS 

Collected in Dryden Nursery 

Coleosporium asterum (Diet.) Syd. 

rP,jP Observed at trace level in 


Coniophora sp. 

Coniothyrium sp. 

Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.) 

Th. & Syd. 

Diplodia tumefaciens (Shear) 

Zalasky 

Entomosporium maculatum Lev. 

jP 

wS 

cH 

bPo,tA 

No 

Found near Centrefire Lakes 


Seedlings cur1 ,9 twist and turn 

brown; Dryden Nursery 

Collected in Sanford Twpos 


Galls causing branch mortality 

Collected from two locations 

in region 

Epicoccum nigrum Link 

tA Collected in Temple Twp. 

Exidia spiculosa S. F. Gray 

tA 

Collected Dobie Twp. Fort 

Frances District 

Fames igniarius (L. ex Fr.) Kickx tA 

Observed throughout the region

G6 


Organism 

Host s 

Remarks 

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers. ex 

Wallr.) Pat. 

Gymnosporangium clavipes (Cke. & 

Pk.) 

Gymnosporangium cornutum Arth. 

ex Kern 

Hydnellum aurantiacum (Batsch ex 

Fr.) Karst. 

Hydnellum sp. 

Hydnum sp. 

Hypodermella sp. 

Laeticorticium roseum 

(Pers. ex Fr.) Donk 

wS 

Haw 

Mo 

jP 

aL 

bF 

tA 

One tree infected fruiting on 

an old scar 

Trace observed at two locations 

in Kenora District 

Trace levels throughout the 

region 

Collected from ground in Sioux 

Lookout District s first 


Three locations Kenora District 

Collected Carillon Lake, 


Fruiting on needless Southworth 

Twp. 

Fruiting occurred in a dark 

moist location on fallen tree 

Leptosphaeria lycopodina 

(Mont.) Sacc. 

Bristly Fruiting occurred on dead ends 

clubmoss of moss at several locations, 



Organism causing needle cast 

frequently found in Sioux Lookout 

District 

Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad. 

ex Hook.) Chev. 

Lophodermium sp. 

rP 

jP 

Moderate infection occurred on 

Wasaw Lake road, Fort Frances 

District 

This fungus which causes needle 

cast was the only organism found 

on numerous witches ' brooms 

collected throughout the region 

Melampsora epitea Thuem. W Prevalent along Williams Bay 

road , Sioux Lookout District 

Nyssopsora clavellosa (Berk.) Arth. Aralia n. Collected Hooker Lake s Sioux 

Lookout District

G 7 


Organism 

Host s Remarks 

Peniophora polygonia (Pers. ex Fr.) tA 

Bourd,& Galz. 

Light fruiting observed north of 

Pickle Lake 

Pestalotia truncata Lev. 

Peyronellaea sp. 

Phacidium abietis (Dearn.) 

Reid & Cain 

Phellodon tomentosus (Fr.) 

Banker 

Phialophora lignicola 

(Nannf.) Goidanich 

Phlebia strigosozonata (Schw.) 

Lloyd 

Polyporus adustus Willd. ex Fr. 

Polyporus biformis Fr. 

Polyporus pargamenus Fr. 

Poria ferruginosa 

(Schrad ex Fr.) Karst. 

Poria rixosa Karst. 

Poria subacida (Pk.) Sacc. 

Pucciniastrum epilobii. Otth. 

Rhizina inflata (Schaeff.) 

Rhytisma punctatum (Pers.) Fr. 


wS 

wS 

bF 

ground 

tA 

tA 

tA 

aL 

tA 

JP 

JP 

bF 

ground 

mM 

W 

Observed in the Dryden Nursery 

Collected in the Dryden Nursery 

Found on regeneration tree under 

dominant aspen 

First herbarium record 


Brown blotches on leaves 

Temple Twp. 

Fruiting on dead stem, Red Lake 

Collected Wabigoon Twp .0 


Observed in Sanford Twp. 

Collected, Docker Twp, 

One dead tree with numerous 

fruiting bodies 

Collected from dead and downed 

trees 

A large fungus collected from 

underside of downed tree 

Light infection occurred 

throughout the region 

Known distribution, Kenora and 

Sioux Lookout districts 

Trace level McIntosh 

One bush heavily infected in 

Corman Twp.

G 8 



Schizophyllum commune Fr. 

Sclerophoma pithyophila (Cda.) 

Hoehn. 

aL Collected in Sanford Twp. 

bS Dead branch tips, Kenora District 

Scoleconectria cucurbitula 

(Tode ex Fr.) Booth 

wP,rP,P 

Collected in Kenora and Fort 

Frances districts 

Tremella sp. 

bS Found on upper part of stem and 

near ground level 

Tubercularia vulgaris Tode ex Fr. 

rose 

One bush affected, Pickle Lake 

Uromyces fabae (Greve) d By. ex wild 

Cke. 

peach 

Two locations, Kenora District 

Valsa abietis Fr. bF Observed one mile south of Richan

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE SIOUX LOOKOUT DISTRICT 

Page 

Spruce Budworm ©^oso^^^®**® Choristoneura fumiferana G 9 

Jack-pine Budworm* • * 0 • « • • o o o Choristoneura pinus pinus G 9 

A Baric Beetle * •••« 9 *o»«*oe Conophthorus sp. G 10 

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer • • • • • » « Eucosma gloriola G 10 

Pine Sawflies. 

0 • » * * .• » • • • • a Neodiprion nanulus nanulus 


Neodiprion maurus G 11 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly* • . • 0 • Neodiprion virginianus complex G 11 

White-pine Weevil* © • • • « • • • * • Pissodes strobi 6 12 

Larch Sawfly «»« # «««a««»«o Pristiphora erichsonii G 12 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected « * • • * • • «, « • • • « • G 13 

P. E. Buchan

G9 


Low population levels of this insect occurred in the district for the 

eighth consecutive year. Five per cent of the current years foliage was the 

highest damage recorded at sample locations. 

Egg surveys were carried out at five locations in the eastern part of the 

district to forecast defoliation in 1969. They revealed that light defoliation 

will probably occur at two locations (Table 5). 

TABLE 5 

Defoliation of the Current Year's Growth of Balsam-fir Trees 

in the Sioux Lookout District and Infestation Forecasts 

for 1969 Based on Egg Mass Density 

Location 

mal.aae 

Estimated per cent 

1968 defoliation 

4WD. 

No, of egg masses 


of foliage 

Forecast 

for 1'6' 

Gulliver Lake 5 0 Nil 

Pyramid Lake 0 0 Nil 

Old Man Lake 5 9 Light 

Norway Lake 5 16 Light 

Red Paint Lake 2 0 Nil 


In 1967 two pockets of moderate to heavy infestation occurred in the Sioux 

Lookout District (see map). The larger area of infestation occurred west of 

Hudson from Goudie Lake north to Lac Seul and south to Gullwing Lake and the 

district boundary in Stokes Township. The other area was located in MacFie 

Township south of Sandybeach Lake. Very light defoliation occurred in the 

northwest corner of the district. 

Defoliation and egg surveys carried out at four points in late summer are 

summarized in Table 6. The number of egg masses recorded indicate a recurrence 

of moderate infestation in 1969.

G 10 

TABLE 6 

Defoliation of Current Years Growth of Jack-Pine Trees 

in Sioux Lookout District and Infestation Forecasts 

for 1969 Based on the Total Egg Masses Found 

Location 

Per cent 

defoliation 

Total number 

egg masses 

found 

Forecast 

for 1969 

Dryden Pulp & Paper 

Fertilization Plot 46 12 M-S 

1 mile West of Plot 49 9 M 

1 mile East of Plot 50 8 M 

MacFie Twp, 39 11 M-S 

Note: M......Moderate; S...... Severe; M-S......Moderate to Severe 

A Bark Beetle, Conophthorus sp. 

Populations of this beetle continued to cause twig mortality at several 

locations in the district. Light infestations persisted in Revell and Vermilion 

Additional townships where 53 and 29 per cent respectively of the trees were 

infested. Light populations were also present in Echo Township and near 

Centrefire Lake. Elsewhere in the district population levels were low, 


Population levels of this insect increased throughout the district. The 

heaviest damage occurred in Echo and Corman townships (Table 7) where 12 and 

11 per cent respectively of the leaders were affected. 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Eastern Pine Shoot Borer Damage on 100 Jack pine Trees 

at Points in the Sioux Lookout District from 1966 to 1968 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. of 

sample trees 

in inches 

No. of trees attacked No, of shoots attacked 

1966 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968 

Echo Twp. 3 5 0 11 5 0 12 

Corman Twp. 2 17 1 9 17 1 11 

Cathcart Twp, 2 2 0 3 2 0 3 

McIlraith Twp, 2 1 0 7 1 0 7 

Sandbar Lake 2 23 5 9 19 5 9

SIOUX LOOKOUT DISTRICT 

Areas where defoliation occurred 

in 1968

G 11 

Pine Sawflies, Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl., 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roh, Neodi prion maurus Rohwer. 

Populations of these three sawflies remained at approximately the same 

level as in 1967. Defoliation was confined to open-grown or small trees 

along the fringes of stands. Neodiprion nanulus nanulus was again the most 

prevalent of the three species (Table 8). 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Colony Counts of Three Pine Sawflies on 100 Jack-pine Trees 

at Each Location in Sioux Lookout in 1968 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. 

of sample 

trees in 

inches 

Neodiprion 

maurus 

Total no. of colonies 

Neodiprion 

nanulus 

nanulus 

Neodiprion 

pratti 

banksianae 

Notman Lake 2 3 

Split Lake 4 14 1 

Gulliver Lake 2 4 

Drayton Twp, 

3 2 

6 

Pickerel Twp. 

3 1 

3 

Echo Twp. 2 2 2 

Vermilion Additional Twp. 3 1 

Ilsley Twp. 3 1 


Populations of this sawfly continued to decline throughout the district 

in 1968. The decrease was most evident in the area around Sioux Lookout, 

particularly in Drayton and Echo townships and along the Moonlight Falls road 

(Table 9). 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly Larval Colony Counts 

on 100 Jack-pine Trees at Each Location in 1968 

Location 

Average d.b.h. of 

sam le trees in inches 

Total no. of 

colonies observed 

Echo Twp, 2 3 

Drayton Twp. 3 1 

Moonlight Falls 3 1 

Martin Road 2 2

G 12 

White-pine Weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck.) 

This insect was widely distributed, but the severity of attack varied 

considerably throughout the district (Table 10). In McIlraith Township near 

Hudson 12 per cent of jack pine leaders in a plantation were infested, whereas 

in an area near Red Lake one per cent of the leaders were damaged. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Damage by the White-pine Weevil on 100 Jack Pine at Each Point 

in Sioux Lookout District from 1966 to 1968 

Av. height 

Per cent of trees weevilled 

Location in feet 166 196 1 68 

Martin Road (south) 5 6 1 3 

Pickle Lake 5 3 

McIlraith Twp, 

Red Lake 

7 

8 

10 3 12 

1 

Corman Twp, 6 3 5 4 

Echo Twp. 7 1 3 2 

Ignace Twp, 6 15 7 9 

7105,0AMMVAZITMTNR/SON. 


Infestations of this sawfly declined slightly at many points in the Sioux 

Lookout District in 1968. Medium infestations were observed near Ignace and 

Gullwing Lake, in the vicinity of Savant, Sioux Lookout and the Marchington 

River and near Ear Falls on Highway 105 (see map). Pockets of light infestation 

were observed commonly in the southern half of the district. 

Results obtained from the dissection of cocoons collected in the Sioux 

Lookout District for the past three years are shown in Table 11. The highest 

parasitism was caused by a dipterous species, Bessa harveyi (Tns.). This 

parasite and other biological control factors largely regulate population 

levels from year to year.

SIOUX LOOKOUT DISTRICT 

LARCH SAWFLY 



Legend 

Light infestation (1) 

Medium infestation 3 


SCALE 

20 15 10 5 

20 

MILES

G 13 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Larch Sawfly Cocoon Dissections in the Sioux Lookout District 

1965-1967 and the General Infestation Rating for the Following Year 

Cocoon Per cent dead Per cent Infestation 

collection Per cent Per cent unknown sound rating succeeding 

ear arasitism diseased causes cocoons ea 

1965 50 3 15 32 Moderate-Heavy 

1966 54 17 8 21 Moderate-Heavy 

1967 35 31 27 7 Light-Moderate 

TABLE 12 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Sioux Lookout District in 1968 

Insect Host( Remarks 

Acronicta clarescens Gn. 

Cch 

Larva found in beating sample 

Adelges lariciatus (Patch) bS 

Altica ambiens alni Lec, Al 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) rCh 

Chrysomela mainensis mainensis Al 

Bechyne 

Dimorphopteryx melanognathus Roh, wB 

Found while sampling for sawflies 

Small numbers near valora 

Light infestation 10 miles south 

of Martin 

Occurs yearly in small numbers 

A few larvae on fringe trees 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg,) 

Hypagyrtis piniata Pack, 

wS 

bF 

Only a few larvae found near 

Ignace 

Found at permanent sample plot 

in small numbers 

Hyphantria cunea Dru. rCh 

Lambidina fiscellaria fiscellaria wS 

(Gn.) 

Mala osoma disstria Hbn. 

One tent west of Hudson 

Collected when beating for spruce 

sawflies very low populations 

Adults captured in light trap at 

Sioux Lookout

G 14 



Host(s) 

Remarks 

Neodiprion abietis (Harr.) 

bF 

Low populations occurred at 

several points in district 

Nycteola cinereana N. & D. 

bPo This insect occurs in small 

numbers yearly 

Phratora americana canadensis W A few larvae collected at 

Brown 

Pekagoning Lake Ignace Division 


Pikonema dimmockii (Cress.) 

Pineus floccus Patch 

Pineus pinifoliae Fitch 

Pristiphora lena Kinc 

wS 

wS 

bS 

bS 

Low numbers throughout district 

on open-grown trees 

Collected yearly in beating mat 

sample 

This gall forming aphid is common 

to the district 

Occurs frequently in small numbers 

it also forms galls 

Highest numbers found near Big 

Sandy Lake Division 25 

Pyrausta futilalis Led. 

Ground Three colonies White Otter Castle 

plant 

Sparganothis sulfureana Clem. 

rP 

Small number collected Echo 

Tower road

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE KENORA DISTRICT 

Page 

Fall Cankerworm ^^.o©®*®**©* Alsophila pometaria G 15 

Jack-pine Budworm* « a * • * • * * • • Choristoneura pinus pinus G 15 

Aspen Blotch Miner • • © • • • 0 • * o Lithocolletis salicifoliella G 16 

Balsam-fir Sawfly® * • « • 0 • • « 0 * Neodiprion^ abietis complex G 16 

Red-pine Sawfly • •eo«o-tt««o«« ,Neodiprion nanulus nanulus G 1.7 

Red-headed Jack-pine Sawfly© • • « • • Neodiprion virginianus complex G 17 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly • » • » • Pikonema alaskensis , G 17 

White Pine Weevil * 0 • * * * * • • • * Pissodes strobi G 17 

Larch Sawfly * * * * * * » » * * * * » Pristiphora erichsonii G 18 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects o*®®*®®®*******®*®*® G 18 

J. A. Mason

G 15 

Fall Cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria Harr. 

A heavy infestation of the fall cankerworm persisted in the town of 

Dryden for the second year. All deciduous hosts were attacked to some 

extent, but the main host was Manitoba maple. Numerous inquiries were received 

from property owners during July and August, when defoliation was occurring. 


High population levels of this insect recurred throughout most of the 

district. The overall area of moderate to severe defoliation, however, 

decreased slightly. Population levels increased between Vermilion Bay and 

Kenora, and near Camp Robinson on Hwy. 105 (see map). Population levels were 

low in the southeastern and southwestern parts of the district, and north of 

a line from Snowshoe Lake on the Manitoba border southeasterly to Rowell 

Township. 

Beating tray samples taken at twelve sample locations revealed an increase 

in numbers of larvae compared with 1967 (Table 5). Egg mass counts are shown 

in Table 6. 

A chemical control operation was carried out in Rushing River and Blue 

Lake parks in June. The spraying was done before the needles had broken 

their sheaths and seemed to have little effect on the second and third instar 

larvae. 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Jack-pine Budworm Larval Counts in Kenora District in 1968 

Note: Counts were based on the total number of larvae on 15 tray samples 

from the lower branches of five jack-pine trees at each location. 

Av. d.b.h. of sample trees 


Location in inches 1966 1 6 1 68 

Coyle Twp. 5 32 151 112 

Desmond Twp. 6 21 97 113 

Docker Twp. 5 7 39 180 

Hawk Lake 4 62 51 137 

Pellatt Twp. 6 51 63 6 

Kirkup Twp. 8 63 92 246 

Mutrie Twp. 6 4 45 1.11 

Sakwite Lake 6 22 9 

Sanford Twp. 7 3 17 10 

Tustin Twp. 4 73 81 176 

Zealand Twp. 5 1 3 8 

Pelican Twp. 6 4

G 16 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Egg Mass, Pupae Emergence, and Defoliation of the Jack-pine Budworm 

in the Kenora District in 1968 

Note: Counts were based on one 24" branch from each of six trees at each 

location. 

Location 

defoliation 

Total no. 

of e-- masses 

Total no. 

emerged 

Phillips Twp, 5 0 2 

Keewatin 2 0 1 

Rushing River Park 5 2 0 

Docker Twp. 45 6 9 

Hawk Lake 24 2 8 

Zealand Twp. 22 0 0 

Wainwright Twp. 10 0 0 

Hartman Twp. 4 0 0 

Blue Lake Park 8 0 2 

Mutrie Twp. 34 4 24 

119MCNNIZOL, 

Aspen Blotch Miner,, Lithocolletis salicifoliella Cham. 

High population levels of this miner of poplar were observed throughout 

the district wherever small trembling aspen occurred. Larvae were found on 

willow at Rushing River Park, and on balsam poplar in Kirkup Township (see 

photograph). 


Population levels of this insect varied throughout the district. Increases 

in numbers of colonies were noted in Devonshire and Zealand townships, and 

decreases occurred in Forgie, Langton, and Willingdon townships (Table 7).

KENORA DISTRICT 


Areas where defoliation occurred in 1968 

Legend 

Moderate to severe defoliation

G 17 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Balsam-fir Sawfly Larval Colony Counts on Ten Balsam-fir Trees 

in the Kenora District in 1966 , 1967 and 1968 

Location Av. d.b.h. of sample trees 

(township) in inches 


10 tree sample 

1 66 1967 1 68 

Devonshire 3 1.3 0.7 5.0 

Forgie 3 0.7 1.0 0.0 

Langton 4 3.0 1.0 0.0 

Tweedsmuir 4 2.2 1.3 1.3 

Willingdon 4 6.1 3.9 2.5 

17000POZ3 CE,4.a. 

Zealand 4 0,4 

Red pine Sawfly Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. 

The red pine sawfly decreased appreciably in numbers in 1968. Two 

colonies were observed in McMeekin Township and three in Phillips and 

Tweedsmuir townships. Elsewhere in the district negative counts were obtained. 


A marked decrease was noted in population levels of this insect. Larvae 

were collected at two locations. Six and three colonies per tree were counted 

at sample points in Temple and Tweedsmuir townships respectively. 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly , Pikonema alaskensis Roh. 

Light to medium infestations of this insect occurred in Langton, 

Willingdon, Aubrey , Kirkup, Pellatt, Temple, and Van Horne townships. 

Moderate defoliation was observed at numerous locations elsewhere in the 

district. In mid-September one larva was collected west of Eagle River. 

This was possibly a second generation larva. 

White-pine Weevil $ Pissodes strobi Peck 

Counts of this insect in August showed that population levels remained 

relatively constant in most areas (Table 8). However, a decline was noted 

at the Dryden Nursery plot. The trees in this plot have been attacked 

severely for a number of years and are in very poor condition. Hail damage 

at the Dryden High School plot prevented an evaluation in 1968.

G 18 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Leader Damage by the White-pine Weevil in the Kenora District 


Note: All counts are based on a 100 tree sample at each location. 

Av. d.b.h. of sample trees No. of infested leaders 

Location Host in inches 1966 1967 1968 

Dryden Nursery wP 120 82 26 

McMeekin Twp. JP 

13 4 3 

Mutrie Twp. JP 

1 

2 5 7 

Van Horne Twp. wP 1 22 16 - 

Wabigoon Twp. JP 2 27 5 8 

Zealand Twp. JP 1 10 3 2 


A general decline in infestation intensity was noted in 1968. Defoliation 

was light to moderate throughout the district (see map). A collection from 

Wabigoon T ownship was infected with the disease Entomaphthora. 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in the Kenora District 


Host 

Anisota virginiensis (Drury) 0 

Aphrophora parallela (Say.) JP 

Archips cerasivoranus (Fitch) Cch 

Caripeta divisata (Wlk.) bS 

One colony in Pellatt Twp. 

One collection, Wabigoon Twp. 

trace throughout district 

One collection, several nests 

observed in the district 

Three larvae collected in 

Temple Twp. 

Chrysomela crotchi (Brown) to A few beetles found in Kirkup, 

Docker, Langton, Pellatt, and 

Melick twps. 

Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem) bF,wS 6 locations, few larvae on 

beating trays


LARCH SAWFLY 

Locations where infestations occurred in 1968 

Legend 


,CD 

Medium infestation 3


YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY 

Locations where defoliation occurred in 1968 

Legend 

Light defoliation

G 19 


Cimbex americana (Leach) 

Clepsis persicana (Fitch) 

Coleophora betulivora (Ma) 

Ctenucha virginiana (Charp) 

Dicrodiplosis populi (Felt) 

Dioryctria zimmermani (Grote) 

Diprion hercyniae (Htg.) 

Ecpantheria deflorata (Fabr.) 

Elasmostethus cruciatus (Say.) 

Epinotia criddleana (Kft.) 

Hazel 

wB 

wS 

tA 

jP 

wS 

W 

Hazel 

tA 

One larva Docker Twpo 

One larva Southworth Twp 

Collected once near Blue Lake 

Park 

One adult Mutrie Twp. 

Four larvae, Melgund Twp. 

One collection Wabigoon Twp. 

Both first and second generation 

larvae were collected in Van Horne 

and Temple twps. 

One larva ,, Smellie Twp. 

Near McIntosh three adults were 

collected 

Single larva was found in 

Southworth Twp. 

Eupithecia palpata (Pack) jP 

Eupithecia transcanadata (Mack) wS 

Filatima betullae (Clarke) 

Found at one location on Jones Rd, 

Beating tray sample in Aubrey Twp. 

A collection of one larva from 

Forgie Twp. 

Framinghamia helvalis (Walker) 

Graullaria sp. 

tA 

Hazel 

Single larva on beating tray;, 

Melick Twp. 

One colony Redvers Twp. 

Gracillair cuculipenarlla (Hbn.) Ash 

Three pupae Kenricia Road 

west of Kenora 

Hypagyrtis piniata (Pack.) 

Hyphantria cunea (Drury) 

bF 

Hazel 

A single larva in a collection 

on Hwy. 105 

One colony of very small larvae 

were found late in

G 20 



Host 

Remarks 

Lithocolletis hamadryadella 0 

(Clem.) 

Malacosoma disstria (Hbn.) Ash,tA 

Meroptera pravella (Grt.) tA 

Mindarus abietinus (Koch) bF 

Nematus fulvicrus (Prov.) 

Nematus ventralis (Say.) 

Two larvae and one pupa were 

collected in Pellatt Twp. 

Insect at a very low ebb; one 

small colony in Dryden, single 

larva in Redvers and Aubrey twps. 

Two larvae, Melick Twp. 

Very low in Willingdon Twp. 

A few larvae have persisted in 

Dryden Nursery for the past few 

years 

Closely associated with the above 


(Roh.) 

jP 

Numbers remain very low; one 

colony in Aubrey Twp. 

Nepytia canosaria ( 111m.) jP 

Neurotoma inconspicua (Nort.) Cch 

Nycteola cinereana (N & D) bPo 

Nyctobia limitaria bF 

Nymphalis antiopa (L.) 

Papilio glaucus (L.) bPo 

Petrova albacapitana (Busck.) jP 

Phyllocnistis populiella (Cham.) bPo,tA 

One larva north of Kenora on 

Jones Rd. 

Four nests were observed in 

Pellatt Twp., but only three 

larvae were collected 

Found at several locations in 

low numbers throughout the district 

A beating tray sample in 

McMeekin Twp. revealed one larva 

Defoliation on Jones Road, but 

only one colony found 

On Kendall Inlet Road, one larva 

was collected. 

Collected in Mutrie Twp observed 

in very low numbers in several 

locations 

Light to moderate on reproduction 

bPo and tA throughout the district

G 21 



.1■1011013.11kieft 

Host 

Remarks 

Pikonema dimmockii (Cress.) 

Pineus pinifoliae (Fitch) 

Pontania salicispisum (Thomas) 

wS 

bS 

Sampled in low numbers on beating 

trays throughout district 

Eight larvae obtained at 

Sunshine Lake 

Two larvae on open-grown willow 

in Wabigoon Twp. 

Pristiphora lena (Kincaid) 

wS Beating samples in Langton and 

Pellatt twps. and two colonies 

in Aubrey Twp. 

Profenusa lucifex (Ross) 0 

Profenusa thomsoni (Konow. wB 

Rare in this district , one larva 

from Pellatt Twp. 

Collected at trace level in 

Smellie Twp. and south of Minaki 


indicataria (Wlk.) 

Pyrrhia exprimens (Wlk.) 

Rhabdophaga swainei (Felt.) 

Schizura concinna (J.E. Smith) 

Sciaphila duplex (Wlshm.) 

Semiothisa signaria dispuncta 

(Wlk.) 

bF, wS 

wS 

wS 

Hawthorn 

tA 

wS,bS 

Collected in very low numbers in 

Aubrey and McMeekin twps. 

One larva Kendall Inlet Road 

Galls only found 

A small collection of four larvae 

came from Pellatt Twp. 

In Southworth Twp. one larva and 

one pupa were found 

Few larvae were collected in 

Temple Twp. 

Swammerhamia cuprescens (Braun) wS 

Trisetacus grosmanni (Keifer) bF 

Zeiraphera destitutana (Walker) bF 

Very low in district one 

collection from Forgie Twp. 

Nine adults at Luther Village Rd. 

One larva near Luther Village

STATUS OF INSECTS IN THE FORT FRANCES DISTRICT 

Page 

The Fall Cankerworm *®#«ao»0 Alsophila pometaria G 22 

Spruce Budworm © « * « » « « » * o * Choristoneura fumiferana G 22 

Jack-pine Budworm

G 22 

The Fall Cankerworm, Alsophila pometa 'a (Harr.) 

A sharp increase in population levels of this defoliator of broad leaved 

trees occurred in the town of Fort Frances. Severe defoliation of Manitoba 

maple, black ash, basswood, elm and apple trees was observed in early June. 

Similar conditions were evident in public parks and private properties 

surrounding the town. Numerous extension and phone calls were received fran 

property owners concerning control measures. 


Very little change in population levels of this budworm occurred in 1968. 

Isolated pockets of light defoliation were found at six widely-separated 

locations. The pocket of medium infestation in the French Lake Park was sprayed 

with one application of Sumithion at the rate of 6 ounces per acre. A survey 

was Carried out at 22 points along the eastern boundary of the district to 

determine defoliation, and egg densities and forecast defoliation for 1969. 

Results are shown in Table 5. 

TABLE 5 

Summary of Egg Mass Counts in the Fort Frances District in 1968 

and Infestation Forecast for 1969 

Location 

Eva Lake 0 

East end Crooked Pine Lake 0 

West end Crooked Pine Lake 0 

Byer Lake 0 

Nydia Lake 0 

Cache Bay 0 

Mack Lake 0 

Trouser Lake 0 

Cache Lake 0 

West end of McKenzie Lake 0 

Saganagons Lake 2 

Ferguson Lake 4 

McKenzie Lake 6 

Windigoostigan Lake West Hwy. 11 6 

Windigoostigan Hwy. 11 

Little Eva Lake 7 

Quetico Park Olsen's Road 10 

Quetico Park French Lake 61 

2.5 miles south of Cache Lake Road 69 

Quetico Park Hydro Line 110 

Quetico Park Hydro Line 184 

.5 miles east of Pickerel River Hwy. 11 270 


per 100 sq. feet forecast for 

of foliage 1969 

Nil to Light 

n 

• tt 

H 

O 

It It 

IN 

It Ii H 

It 0 

II 

It 0 

It U 0 

It 0 

It It It 

It It It 

It II If 

Medium 

Medium-Heavy 

Heavy

G 23 


The pocket of medium infestation which has persisted in the north-western 

part of the district for the past three years declined to a very low level in 

1968. However, a new pocket of light-to-moderate defoliation was recorded in 

a 50-year-old stand between Redgut Bay and the Seine River in the center of the 

district. Two small pockets of light infestation recurred in Potts and Dance 

townships (see map). A summary of defoliation and egg mass counts taken in the 

new area of infestation appears in Table 6. 

TABLE 6 

Summary of Jack-pine Foliage Check and Defoliation Forecast 

for 1969 in the Fort Frances District 

Defoliation 

forecast under 

No. of 

Total no. Total no, normal 

24 in. Per cent of emerged of egg conditions for 

Location branches defoliation pupae masses 1969 

Hwy. 11 

Pearson's Rd. 

East 

6 43 5 2 Heavy 

of Mine Centre 6 16 5 3 Severe 

Farrington Twp. 6 64 5 7 Severe 


A further westward spread in the distribution of this casebearer occurred 

in 1968. Very low numbers were observed in a larch stand near the village of 

Barwick. This represents a spread of approximately 24 miles from Crozier to 

Dobie Township. A small increase in numbers occurred in Crozier Township 

(Table 7). 

TABLE 7 

Summary of Larch Casebearer Larval Counts in Fort Frances District 


Note: Counts were based on the examination of four 18 inch branch tips 


Location Av. d.b.h. of sample 

townshi trees in inches 19 8 

Crozier 4 025 68 

Dobie 4 .24

FORT FRANCES DISTRICT 

SPOHN PRATT 

SIFTON kw 

R ESERVE 

BLUE E NELLES IPArnill° rAir 




Legend 


■CD 

40


Areas where defoliation 


Legend 

MILES 

0 20 40 

Light to moderate defoliation

G 24 

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer Eucosma gloriola Heinr. 

A decline in population levels of this shoot boring insect at 

two sampling points established in 1962 (Table 8). Small numbers of damaged 

laterals were observed in a 5-acre white pine plantation in Kingsford Township. 

TABLE 8 

Summary of Shoot Damage by the Eastern Pine Shoot Borer 

on 100 Regeneration Jack-pine Trees at Each Location from 1967 to 1968 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. 


in inches 

No. of shoots 

Leaders Laterals 

ged 

1961_19g_ j., .26.2 1.2L>E1 

Total number 

shoots damaged 

Morson 3 5 1 6 1 11 2 

Williamson Lake 3 1 1 8 3 9 4 


A marked decline in the extent of the current forest tent caterpillar 

outbreak occurred for the third consecutive year, aerial and ground surveys 

revealed that moderate-to-severe defoliation of aspen stands prevailed over 

an area of approximately 400 square miles compared with an area of 3000 square 

miles in 1967. The area involved extended from Fort Frances to Kingsford and 

Lash townships west of Rainy Lake (see map). An egg band survey based on the 

examination of three codominant trees at each sample point was carried out at 

14 locations throughout the infested area to forecast population levels in 

1969. Results indicate that light to medium defoliation will occur in the 

area in 1969. However, during the declining years of an outbreaks, larval 

mortality is usually high and forecasts tend to overrate defoliation (Table 9).

G 25 

TABLE 9 

Summary of Forest Tent Caterpillar Egg Band Counts and Infestation Forecast 

for 1969 in the Fort Frances District 

Location 

Av. d.b.h. 


in inches 

No. of egg bands 

from 3 trees at 

each location 

Defoliation forecast 

Dobie Twp. 4 1 Light 

N. West Arm 4 2 Light 

Rainy Lake 6 6 Medium 

Mather Twp. 6 Light 

Miscampbell Twp. 4 Medium 

Crozier Twp. 3 9 Medium 

Roddick Twp. 6 6 Medium 

Woodyatt Twp. 5 Medium 

Devlin Twp. 5 11 Medium 

Burriss Twp. 6 12 Medium 

Lash Twp. 4 6 Medium 

Carpenter Twp. 3 8 Medium 

Dance Twp. 4 10 Medium 

Kingsford Twp. 4 8 Medium 

Western Tent Caterpillar Malacosoma californicum pluviale (Dyar) 

A decrease in population levels of this tent caterpillar occurred in 1968. 

Three tents per mile of roadside to the north of Rainy River was the highest 

count recorded. An unusual form of tent caterpillar with colouration resembling 

both M. lutescens and M. californicum pluviale was collected from gooseberry 

on an island near MacDonald's Inlet in Rainy Lake. Most of the larvae 

submitted were parasitized by Rogas sp. from which only one adult was reared. 

It is hoped that the insect may be found again in 1969 to provide specimens 

for positive identification. 

Yellow-headed Spruce Sawfly Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

In 1968, as in 1967 this sawfly occurred at several points throughout 

the district. Defoliation ranged from 10 to 75 per cent on individual trees 

particularly on roadside white spruce and ornamentals. In the western part 

of the district heavy defoliation was recorded for the second consecutive 

year on a white spruce hedgerow along Highway 11 between Barwick and Rainy 

River. Repeated attacks in this area has caused some host mortality.

1./ 


SPOHN „A" 

tSERVE 

--- 

MORSON 

MATHIEU EB00,.., 

TOVELL 

FF 

DEWART ROWS 

umENAN ,1 S1FTON ramps, POTTS 

1.- 

CLUE BELLES PATTUL101 TAIT MATHER 1t lyi 

Cd■ 

'''S"."741TW 

NADIR 

NNE 

• 

S 

• • 

'TANNER 

ASMUSSEN I, BAKER fREEHTs 

PATAIIL 

SAY 

1611T 

17R0771ERI WEAVER 

rritretWic 

ZṆ Cra 17- :7" 


wry 

Area where defoliation occurred 


Legend 

Moderate to severe defoliation 

,, 'v NI 

MILES 

20 40

G 26 


Light infestations of this weevil recurred for the third consecutive 

year at all sample stations. The heaviest damage was recorded in Griesinger 

Township where eight per cent of the leaders of jack pine were weeviled 

(Table 10). Light damage also was recorded in a 5-acre white pine plantation 

in Kingsford Township, where three per cent of the leaders were killed. 

TABLE 10 

Summary of Leader Mortality by the White-pine Weevil at Four Points 

in the Fort Frances District 


4111118111311I111111111911111111F 

Tree 

Location s ecies 

41131115111E1151/0, 

Av. d.b.h. 

of sample trees Per cent of leaders killed 

in inches 1 6 1968 

Seine River jP 2 4 6 

Griesinger Twp. JP 2 6 8 

Morson Twp. JP 2 3 5 

Highway 11 at 

Pickerel River JP 2 1 3 


For the second consecutive year an increase in population levels of this 

larch defoliator occurred throughout the district. Small pockets of larch 

were severely defoliated in Burriss, Richards, Pratt and Morley townships. 

In the eastern part of the district and in Quetico Park small widely-dispersed 

pockets of light to heavy defoliation were observed during aerial mapping. 

No mortality was observed which could be attributed to defoliation by this 

insect. 

TABLE 11 

Summary of Miscellaneous Insects Collected in Fort Frances District 

sec OS ema 


Agromyza aristata 


ScP 

'Low numbers collected near French 

Lake 

Heavy infestation on elm trees in 

the town of Fort Frances 

Heavy infestation recurred in a 

five acre plantation, Burriss Twp.

Archips cerasivoranus Fitch cH Low numbers observed in the wi 

ern part of the district 

Argyresthia freyella Kft. eC Low population occurred between 

Mine Centre and the Seine River 

Chrysomela mainensis mainensis aL Beetles causing leaf damage on 

Bech. 

the shorelines of Rainy Lake 

Cimbex americanum Leach wB Low numbers collected south of 

Flanders 

Coleophora betulivora McD. wB Low population observed at five 

widely spread locations 

Coleophora pruniella Clem Se Collected at two locations 

Compsolechia niveopuluella Cham. tA Leaf rollers observed in low 

numbers Burditt Lake 

Depressaria betulella Busck. wB Low numbers collected near 

French Lake 

Dimorphopteryx melanognathus vB Trace observed along the 

Roh. 

Seine River 

Dioryctria abietivorella Grt. jP Observed in small numbers along 

the Seine River 

Dioryctria reniculata Grt. wS Low Atikokan population Hwy. 11 east of 

Enargia infumata Grt. wB Low numbers collected at three 

locations 

Epinotia criddleana Kft. tA Light population. of leaf roDer9 

in the Burditt and French Lake 

area 

Epinotia solandriana Linn. wB Found on understory trees at 

French Lake 

Eriophyes padi pL Observed on the fruit of plum 

trees, Wasaw Lake 

Gracillaria syringella F e Lilac Commonly found throughout the 

district


MORSO 4617WIEU 1CROOME 

ssoN COVE DEWART I 

• 

I 

3 

NEL 

T 

sumaim SIFTON 

LEs 

— PATTOLIO 

LARCH SAWFLY 



MILES 

20 

Legend 

Light infestation- 



40

G 28 


43.11.700.1■10"1010111116.MONK 

Insect Ho st Remarks 

Hylurgopinus rufipes (Eichh.) 


Nematus fulvicrus Prov. 


as wE 

W 

Collected from elm blocks and 

logs in Crozier Twp. 

Small numbers observed in the 

western part of the district 

Light defoliation observed in 

Fleming Twp. 

Medium population on open—grown 

hosts in Fleming Crozier and. 

Kingsford twps. 

Neodiprion abietis (Harr.) bF Found in low numbers on beating 

mat at two locations 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl. jP Populations decreased to a very 

low level; highest larval count 

occurred in Sifton Twp. 


Peridroma saucia Hbn. 


tA 

bS 

jP 

One colony collected in Sifton Twp. 

Cutworms causing severe damage to 

tubelings in Fort Frances 

Found in low numbers throughout 

the district 

Philonix gigas Weld. 

Philonix nigra (Gill.) 

b0 Light population in th e town of 

Fort Frances 

b0 Light population in the town of 

Fort Frances 

Pineus pinifoliae Fitch. 

bS 

Damaged buds in the Rainy Lake 

area 

Profenusa canadensis (Marlott.) Haw. 

Heavy infestation in the western 


Profenusa thomsonii Konow 

wB 

Small numbers observed throughout 

the district 

Pulicalvaria thujaella Kft. eC 

Collected between Nine Centre 

and Flanders

G29 


Insect Host s Hemarks 

Sciaphila duplex Wlshm, 

tA ' Light population occurred near 

Burditt Lake

EASTERN LARCH BEETLE, Dendroctonus simplex Lec. 

Larvae and pupae in galleries beneath the 

bark of tamarack. 

Tree mortality in a tamarack stand. 

The dead trees were infested by this 

bark beetle.

PINE TORTOISE SCALE, Toumeyella numismaticum (P.&.M.) 

Typical damage symptoms, discolorat ion, 

distortion of new growth, and an abortive 

needle fascicle.

YELLOW-HEADED SPRUCE SAWFLY, Pikonema alaskensis (Roh.) 

Full-grown larvae 

Severely defoliated spruce tree

BASSWOOD LOOPER, Erannis tiliaria (Harr.) 

Enlargement of a larva. 

Severe defoliation of an elm tree.

SPRUCE BUDWORM, Choristoneura fumiferana 

(Clem.) 

The adult moth. 

Egg masses on balsam 

fir needles. 

The pupa 

The fully grown larva.

Red-headed Pine Sawfly 


Larva 

Unhatched eggs resulting 

from egg parasites 

Colony of larvae

SMALLER EUROPEAN ELM BARK BEETLE, 

Scolytus multistriatus 

(Marsh.) 

The adult beetle 

A pattern of characteristic 

brood galleries in elm

Defoliation of balsam tree

Larch Casebearer 

Coleophora laricella Hbn. 

Severe defoliation of larch stand 


of branches 

Twig showing larvae in 

cases (arrow)

Saddled Prominent 

Heterocampa guttivitta Wlk. 

Severely defoliated stand of sugar maple 

and beech 

Larvae congregating at 

foot of beech tree 

Litter on ground 

showing partial feeding 

by this insect

Zimmerman Pine Moth 

Dioryctria zimmermani Grt. 

Damage to red pine tip 

Larva

CEDAR LEAF MINERS 

Defoliation of cedar tree 

Severe defoliation of white cedar trees

WHITE-PINE WEEVIL, Pissodes strobi Peck 

Adult weevil 

Weevil damage on white spruce 

Full-grown larvae in a terminal shoot 

Pupae in a terminal shoot

LARCH SAWFLY, Pristiphora erichsonii (Htg.) 

A tamarack shoot curled as a result of 

adult oviposition. The curl is caused 

by damage to the growing tissue on one 

side of the tip. 

A colony of the sawfly on 

a tamarack twig. 

Severe defoliation of 

a tamarack stand.

RED-HEADED JACK-PINE SAWFLY, 


Full grown larva 

Defoliation of jack pine trees


Larva in male flowers of jack-pine 

Severe defoliation of jack-pine foliage 

Severe defoliation of red pine foliage

PINE SAWFLY LARVAE 

BLACK-HEADED JACK-PINE SAWFLY, 

Neodiprion pratti banksianae Roll. 

RED-HEADED EUROPEAN A SAWFLY, 

PINE SAWFLY, PINE SAWFLY, Neodiprion pratti 

Neodiprion lecontei Fitch Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) paradoxicus Ross

EUROPEAN PINE SAWFLY, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) 

Rows of light spots on needles in 

the upper center of the photograph 

are egg riches. 

A colony of larvae feeding on 

A Scots pine tree stripped of old foliage 

jack pine. by the sawfly.

SWAINE JACK-PINE SAWFLY s Neodiprion swainei Midd. 

A colony of feeding larvae 

Jack pine tree showing top and branch mortality 

caused by repeated defoliation

JACK-PINE SAWFLIES 

Red-headed jack-pine sawfly, 


Black-headed jack-pine sawfly, 

Neodiprion pratti Banksianae Roh. 

Red-pine sawfly, 

Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl 

Severe defoliation of jack-pine trees

A PINE TIP MOTH, Rhyacionia adana Heinr* 

Pupal cases on 

root collar 

Typical damage to 

current shoots 

Larvae drop from infested tips and move to the 

main - stem where they pupate at the root collar.

BIRCH SAWFLY, Arge pectoralis Leach 

Sawfly larvae feeding on white birch leaf 

Severe defoliation of a white birch tree

A LEAF MINER ON BIRCH, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow) 

Blotch mines on a birch leaf. Larvae 

feed on tissue between the surfaces. 

PITCH NODULE MAKER, Petrova albicapitana (Busck) 

Larva on an opened pitch nodule.

A ROOT WEEVIL, Hylobius warreni Woods 

Pupa cell 

Adult 

Pupa cell opened

Spruce Budworm Spray Operation 

Coniferous stand heavily defoliated 

by spruce budworm, Burchell Lake 

Aircraft applying insecticide to control 

spruce 'budworm Greenwater Lake

Spruce Budworm Spray Operation 

Aircraft used in spraying operation, 

Swallow Lake 

Runways, mixing tanks and insecticide 

used in spraying operation, Swallow Lake

MOUNTAIN-ASH SAWFLY, Pristiphora geniculata (Htg.) 

Colony feeding on a branch of mountain ash. 

Typical defoliation. Usually the main veins 

of the compound leaf only remain.



Young caterpillars emerging from eggs which Caterpillars often congregate on the stems 

surround the twigs of trembling aspen. and bole of the host tree. 

The fully grown caterpillar spins a silken cocoon, usually among leaves (left), changes to a pupa, 

and later gives rise to a moth (right).

ASPEN BLOTCH MINER, Lithocolletis salicifoliella Chamb. 

A blotch' mine dissected to expose a 

larva. 

A blotch mine dissected to expose a pupa.

WIND DAMAGE 

Typical damage caused by a wind storm in Algonquin Park

WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST, 

INK SPOT OF ASPEN, 

Cronartium ribicola 

Ciborinia whetzelii 

J. C. Fischer (Seav.) Seav. 

Mortality of white pine tree caused by rust 

Root Rot of Conifers, Polyporus tomentosus Fr. 

Leaf mortality caused by Ink Spot 

Fruiting body 

Damage to roadside spruce trees

SWEET FERN BLISTER RUST 

Fruiting of sweet fern blister rust 

on living jack pine. 

HYPOXYLON CANKER OF POPLAR 

Hypoxylon canker on trembling aspen.

FROST DAMAGE 

Severe damage to the new shoots of white 

spruce caused by late spring frost

Dwarf Mistletoe:- 

Auceutholium pusillum Pk. 

Witches broom caused 

by mistletoe 

Dwarf mistletoe 

plant (close-up) 

Dwarf mistletoe 

plants on branch

FOMES ROOT ROT, 

Fomes annosus (Fr.) Cke. 

Fruiting body 

Opening in pine plantation caused by root rot

Forest Insect and Disease Survey; Ontario, 1968 - NFIS

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