STUDIES ON THE AGARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. I

STUDIES ON THE AOARICACEAE OF 

HOKKAIDO. I 

By 

Sanshi lMAI 

Introduction 

The most important scientific report of the Japanese Agaricaceae 

was published early in 1860 by M. J. BERKELEY and M. A. CURTIS 

under the title of "Characters of New Fungi, collected in North Pacific 

Exploring Expedition by Charles Wright", in the Proceedings of the 

American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. IV, pp. 110-130. In 

this paper 64 species of the Agaricaceae of Japan were first described. 

Thereafter some fragmental studies of our agarics have been reported 

by J. SCHROETER, N. TANAKA, P. HENNINGS, P. HARlOT, N. 

PATOUILLARD, S. KAWAMURA and others. 

As for the Agaricaceae of Hokkaido no conclusive report has 

been published up to the present time. BERKELEY and CURTIS, however, 

described two new species, Agaricus (Collybia) adianticeps and 

Agaricw; (Galera) japonicw;, collected in Hakodate, in their paper 

mentioned above, and the present writer dealt with several agarics 

collected from various localities in Hokkaido in his papers ever 

published. 

The present studies were first undertaken in 1924 to dwell consistently 

upon the Agaricaceae of Hokkaido, under the directibn 

of Prof. KINGO MIYABE, and then after his retirement, continued 

under the direction of Prof. SEIYA ITO. 

The materials examined in this study were chiefly collected by 

the writer himself, supplemented partly by colleagues in our Institute 

and by other gentlemen in our district. 

The specimens examined are preserved in the Herbarium of 

the Botanical Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial 

University. 

[Jour. Facul. Agr. Hokkaido Imp. Univ. Sapporo, Vol. XLIII, Pt. 1, March, 1938]

4 SANSHI IMAI 

D. Trama floccose, not vesiculose, fleshy or subfleshy; spores purple, 

fuscous or black in mass .................. IVI. Subfam. Agaricoideae. 

1. Pileus fleshy, distinct from the fleshy stipe; lamellae soft, usually 

free from the stipe; fructification with volva or annulus; spores 

purple or fuscous in mass ...................... Tribe Agariceae. 

2. Pileus fleshy, confluent and homogeneous with a fleshy stipe; 

lamellae attached to the stipe, fleshy or subfleshy; fructification with 

an annulus or marginal veil .................. Tribe Stropharieae. 

3. Pileus gelatinous-fleshy, confluent with a fleshy stipe; lamellae 

attached to the stipe, mucilaginous; spores greenish fuscous or 

blackish in mass ............................ Tribe Gomphidieae. 

4. Pileus membranous or fleshy-membranous, confluent with, but in 

the majority heterogenous from the cartilaginous or subfleshy stipe; 

lamellae free or attached, deliquescent or not; spores fuscous- or 

blackish-purple, or black in mass ............... Tribe Coprineae .. 

E. Trama vesiculose, lactiferous or not, fleshy, brittle; spores white" 

yellow or ochraceous in mass .............. V. Subfam. Lactarioideae. 

II. Hymenium spreads over the surface of narrow, obtuse lamellae or folds, or 

nearly smooth surface .................... VI. Subfam. Cantharelloideae. 

Subfam. Amanitoideae IMAI, nom. nov. 

Leucosporae Auct. plur. p. p. 

Trama fioccosa, carnosa, ceracea vel coriacea, non vesiculosa. 

Hymenium superficiem lamellae acris tegit. Sporae in cumulo albae. 

Cetera ut in Familia. 

Tribe Amaniteae SINGER emend. IMAI. 

Volvariees ROZE, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. XXIII, 51 & 111, 1876, p. p. 

Lepiotees ROZE, Ibid. 51 & 111, 1876, p. p. 

Amanitees ROZE, Ibid. 51 & 114, 1876. 

Amanitees R. MAIRE, Rech. CytoI."Tax. 'Basid. 136 & 146, 1902, p. p. 

Amanitees KONR. et'MAUBL. Icon. SeI. Fung. 28 & 30, 1925. 

Lepiotees KONR. et MAUBL. Ibid. 28 & 40, 1925. 

Amaniteae SINGER, Ann. Myc. XXXIV, 352, 1936. 

Lepioteae SINGER, Ibid. 353, 1936. 

Fructificatio volvata Vlel annulata vel volvata annulataque. 

Pileus a stipite discretus separabilisque. Lamellae vulgo liberae. 

molles.

STUDIES ON THE AGARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. 1. 5 

Key to the genera in Tribe Amaniteae. 

1. Fructification with volva and annulus .......................... Amanita. 

2. Fructification with volva, without annulus .................. Amanitopsis. 

3. Fructification with annulus, without volva ...................... Lepiota. 

Amanita (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. emend. ROZE 

Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. XXIII, 51 & 114, 1876. 

Amanita PENS. Syn. Fung. 246, 1801, p. p. 

Agaricus § Amanita FR. Syst. Myc. I, 12, 1821, p. p. 

Amanita QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. 

V, 60 & 65, 1872, p. p. 

Venenarius EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 450, 1909. 

Leucomyces EARLE, Ibid. V, 451, 1909. 

Fructification with volva and annulus. Pileus fleshy, regular, 

distinct from stipe. Stipe central, fleshy. Partial veil remaining as 

a membranous, persistent or rarely fugacious, adnate annulus when 

matured. Universal veil remaining as a membranous, free or adnate 

and persistent, or powdery friable vol va at the base of stipe and 

patches or warts on the pileus when matured. Lamellae free, rarely 

subadnate or subdecurrent by a tooth. Spores white in mass. 

Type species: Agaricus phaUoides FR. 

Key to the sections and species in Hokkaido. 

1. Universal veil forming a large, deep and free cup-shaped volva at the base 

of stipe ............................................... Sect. Volvatae. 

A. Pileus, lamellae and stipe white. 

1. Pileus at first conical then expanded to subumbonate; stipe 

evidently squamulose............................ A. virosa (1) . 

2. Pileus at first semiglobose then expanded to obtuse convex; stipe 

smooth or fibrous ............................... " A. verna (2). 

B. Pileus yellow, orange or scarlet. 

1. Pileus scarlet or orange; lamellae bright y()llow; stipe and annulus 

yellow or bright orange ........................ A. Caesal·ea(3). 

2. Pileus yellow or yellowish brown; lamellae and annulus white; 

stipe white or yellowish and with yellowish brown colored squamules 

.................................... A. subjunquillea(4). 

C. Pileus gray, brown or bluish brown. 

1. Pileus even or very shortly striate ............. A. }Jhalloides(5). 

2. Pileus long striate ........ : ................. A. longistriata(6).

SANSHl IMAl 

Agaricus bulboBu8, vernU8 BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 108, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Amanita verna PERS. Syn. Fung. 250, 1801. 

Agaricu8 vernus DC. FI. Fr. II, 210, 1815. 

Agaricus (Amanita) vernus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 13, 1821. 

Agaricus (Amanita.) virosus var. vernus FR. Epicr. Myc. 4, 1838. 

Agaricus (Amanita) phalloides var. vernus FR. Hymen. Eur. 18, 1874. 

Amanita phalloides var. verna BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 12, pl. 1, f. 7-9, 

1888. 

Anumita bulbosa var. albida SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 681, 1889 . 

• 4manita bisporigera ATKINS. Bot. Gaz. XLI, 348, 1906. 

Amanita phalloides subsp. verna GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 49, 1918- 

VESELY, Ann. Myc. XXXI, 225, pI. 11, f. sinistra, pI. 12-13, 1933. 

Amanita phalloides var. verna REA, Brit. Basid. 98, 1922. 

Solitary or scattered, deadly poisonous. Pileus 4-10 cm. broad, 

semi globose, then convex, finally expanded, obtuse; surface viscid 

when wet, glabrous or slightly streaked on the marginal zone with 

innate fibrils, pure white or scarcely colored with yellowish tint at 

the ctmter, usually without patches of the fragments of volva, even 

on the margin; context white, taste and odour almost none; lamellae 

fre'e, not broad, crowded, subventricose, white, flocculose or fimbriate 

on the edges; stipe 6-15 cm. long, 0.5-1.5 cm. thick, equal or slightly 

tapering upwards, subbulbous at the base, pure white, silky shining, 

subglabrous or subfloccose, uneven, stuffed or nearly hollow; annulus 

ample, apical, white, membranous, thin, reflexed, usually persistent, 

substriate or flocculose above, nearly smooth or flocculose below; 

volva white or yellowish, membranous, ,ensheathing the base of stipe, 

torn at the apical portion, thick below, thinning out toward lobed 

margin, forming an ample deep cup; spores white in mass, hyaline, 

globose or subglobose, 6-10 f1 in diam. 

Hab. on the ground in. woods. Summer to autumn. Ishikari 

(Nopporo) , Iburi (Lake side of Toya, Lake side of Shikotsu), Oshima 

(Onomura) . 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, North America and Australia. 

Jap. name. Shiro-tamagotengutake (IMAI). 

3. Amanita Caesarea (ScoP. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 2 ser. V, 66, 1872; 

Ench. Fung. 2, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 33, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 1, 1879-

STUDIES ON THE AGARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. I. 11 

Agaricus bulbosus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 2, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Amanita viridis PERS. Tent. Disp. Fung. 67, 1797; Syn. Fung. 251, 1801 

(teste FR.). 

Amanita venenosa var. viridis PERS. Traite Champ. 181, 1819. 

Agaricus verrucosus DC. FI. Fr. II, 209, 1815, pro parte. 

Agaricus (Amanita) Phalloides FR. Syst. Myc. I, 13, 1821, prO' maj. parte; 

Epicr. Myc. 4, 1838, pro maj. parte; Hymen. Eur. 18, 1874, pro maj. parte-CKE. 

Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 2, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 850, 1884. 

Agaricus virescens KROMBR. Abbil. Schwamm. IV, 19, pI. 28, f. 1-3, 1836. 

Agaricus viridis KROMBR. Ibid. IX, 22, pI. 69, f. 10-17, 1845. 

Amanita bulbosa GILL. Hymen. Fr. 36, 1874, p. p.-KARST. Hattsv. I, 2, 

1879, p. p.-SCRROET. Pilze Schles. I, 681, 1889, p. p.-SACC. FI. Ital. Crypt., 

Hymen. 57, 1915. 

Vcnena17us phalloidcs MURRILL, Mycologia, IV, 240, 1912; Ibid. V, 74 & 93, 

pI. 87, f. 1, 1913, p. p.; North Amer. Fl. X, 70, 1914, p. p. 

Solitary or scattered, deadly poisonous. Pileus 8-18 cm. broad, 

ovate-campanulate, then convex to expanded, becoming nearly umbonate; 

surface smooth, subviscid when wet, silky shining when dry, 

glabrous or rarely provided with white fragments of volva, olive,brown, 

brown or gray, usually darker at the center, lighter colored 

and even or rarely striatulate on the margin, the pellicle easily 

separable; context white, moderately thick,. taste and odour almost 

none; lamellae free or remote, white, ventricose, broader in front, 

close, entire or slightly wavy on the edges; stipe 10-32 cm. long, 1- 

3 cm. thick, attenuated upward, bulbous at the base, white, smooth 

or besprinkled with small cracks which appear to be small silky floccose-scales, 

stuffed or hollow; annulus white, membranous, thin, 

superior, refiexed,striate above, persistent; volva large, white or 

yellowish, free for half its depth, up to 11 cm. high, 6 cm. wide, 

splitting up into 3-4 limbs, persistent; spoI'les white in mass, hyaline, 

smooth, globose, 9-10.5 Il, with a large central gutta. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Summer to autumn. Ishikari 

(Nopporo, Mt. Teine, S6unbetsu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), China, Asia Minor, Europe 

and North America. 

Jap. name. Tamago-tengutake (KAWAMURA). 

6. Amanita longistriata lMAI, sp. nov. 

Solitaria. Pileo 5-10 cm. lato, conv1exo, dein plano, viscido, subfuligineo 

(drab, buffy-brown or clove-brown), glabro, margine palli-


of the fragments of volva, of which the color is sordid white, light 

brownish or sulphur-yellow, usually entire and not striate on the 

margin; context rather thin, whitish, fragHe, taste and odour none; 

lamellae free, white, dose, minutely serrulate on the edge; stipe 

5-12 cm. long, 5-15 mm. thick, slightly attenuated upward or nearly 

equal, marginately bulbous at the base, yellowish or whitish, with 

sulphur-yellow colored fibrils, silky shining, often besprinkled with 

small sulphur-yellow colored scales on the basal part, solid; annulus 

membranous, sulphur-yellow and smooth above, tomentos,e below, 

superior, rather ample, thickened toward the margin, persistent; volva 

white or sordid white external, sulphur-yellow internal, thick, shallow, 

fragile, obtuse at the edge, evanescent, leaving a distinct groove 

around the base of stipe; spOl1es white in mass, hyaline, globose, 

apiculate, 7.5-10 p . 


(Nopporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Asia Minor, Europe, North 

America and Australia. 

Jap. name. Ko-tamagotengutake (KAWAMURA). 

8. Amanita porphyria (ALB. et SCHW. ex FR.) GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 35, 1874-·QuEL. Ench. Fung. 2, 1886-SACC. Syll. Fung. 

V, 11, 1887; FL ItaL Crypt., Hymen. 54, 1915-KARS,T. Hattsv. I, 2, 1879; FinL 

Basidsv. 38, 1889-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 12, ,pL 3, f. 5-6, 1888-SCHROET. 

Pilze Schles. I, 680, 1889-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 15, 1908-LANGE, Agar. Denm. 

II, 8, 1915-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 308, pL 75, f. 3, pL 76, :t:. 1, 1915-GILBERT, Genre 

Amanita, 54, 1918; Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. XL, 212, pI. 11, 1925-KAUFFM. Agar. 

Mich. 604, pI. 117, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 99, 1922-SART. & MAIRE, Comp. Hym. 

Amanita. 349, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. I, pL 6, 1927-KoNR. & MAUBL. Icon. Sel. 

Fung. I, 34, pI. 3, 1929-VESELY, Ann. Myc. XXXI, 233, 1933. 

[MATSUURA, Fungi, I, 96, 1931-IMAI, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 425, 

1933] 

Amanita porphyria ALB. et SCHW. Cimsp. Fung. Lusat. 142, pL 11, f. 1, 

1805 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Amanita) porphyria FR. Syst. Myc. I, 14, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 4, 

1838; Hymen. Eur. 19, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 849, 1884. 

Agaricus (Amanita) recutitu8 FR. Epicr. Myc. 6, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 19, 

1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 849, 1884. 

Amanita 1'ecutita GILL. Hymen. Fr. 42, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. 3, 1879- 

QUEL. Ench. Fung. 3, 1886-SACC. SyU. Fung, V, 11, 1887-BARLA, Champ. Alp. 

Marit. 13, pI. 8, f. 1-4, 1888-RIeKEN, Blatterp. 309, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 

99, 1922.

14 

SANSHI IMAI 

Amanita porphyria var. recutita QUEL. Fl. Myc. 308, 1888-LANGE, Agar. 

Denm. II, 8, 1915. 

Venenarius p01·phyri'us MURRILL, Mycologia, V, 81, 1913; North Amer. FI. 

X, 70, 1914. 

Amanita porphyria f. recutita VESELY, Ann. Myc. XXXI, 235, 1933. 

Solitary or scattered, poisonous. Pileus 5-8 cm. broad, conical 

or convex, then plane; surface avellaneous to drab or brown, moist 

or dry, subglabrous or flocculose, provided with whitish to avellaneous 

colored cottony patches of the fragments of volva, margin 

slightly incurved and not striate; context white, odour and taste 

almost none; lameHae nearly free, white, broader in front; stipe 9- 

13 cm. long, 6-10 mm. thick, equal or slightly attenuated upward, 

globosely bulbous at the base, whitish to avellaneous, silky above the 

annulus, stuffed or hollow; annulus membranous, drab-gray to sootyblack 

colored, superior, persistent; volva whitish or brownish, subvolvate 

or leaving a groove around the base of stipe; spores white in 

mass, hyaline, globose, 10-12.5 p (in alcohol specimen). 


(Mt. Teine), Kushiro (Mt. Meakan). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Asia Minor, Europe and 

North America. 

Jap. name. Kotengutake (MATSUURA). 

Pilze Schles. I, 679, 1889. 

Sect. Marginatae SCHROET. 

Universal veil usually forming several concentric encircled rings 

on the bulbous base of stipe and numerous warts on the pileus. 

9. Amanita solitaria (BULL. ex FR.) KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 4, 1879-QUEL. Ench. Fung. 3, 1886-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 

15, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen, 51, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 15, pI. 

4, f. 5-8, 1888-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 679, 1889-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 

265, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 72, f. 75-76, 1903-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 

16, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 17, f. 12, 1910-RICKEN, BUitterp. 312, 1915- 

COKER, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. XXXIII, 68, pI. 45-47, 1917-GILBERT, 

Genre Amanita, 89, 1918-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 614, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 

101, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. I, pI. 11, 1927. 

Agaricus solitarius BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 48, 1791 (teste FR.).

16 SANS HI IMAI 

with thick separable, angular, pyramidal, gray, wart-like fragments 

of volva, appendiculate and striate on the margin; context white, 

rather soft, taste and odour pleasant; .lamellae free, decurrent by a 

tooth, white or tinged with cream color, crowded, narrow, often 

fimbriate on the edges; stipe 7-15 cm. long, 1-3cm. thick, nearly 

equal or slightly attenuated upward, base bulbous and fusiformly 

rooted, white or whitish, at first covered with thick; floccose or farinose, 

imbricate large scales, which later become smaller and scattered, 

solid; annulus apical, white then dingy yellowish, pendulous, submembranous, 

striate above, floccose below, often torn, finally disappearing; 

volva white or grayish, at first concentrically arranged 

on the base of the stipe with thIck, pointed, large, friable powdery 

scales, then evanescent; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 9-13 x 

7-9p. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Summer to autumn. Iburi 

(Lake side of Shikotsu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), China, Europe, North 


Jap. name. Uroko-tenguta,ke (IMAI). 

10. Amanita muscaria (L. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Month. 2 ser. V, 67, 1872; 

Ench. Fung. 3, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 39, cum ieone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. 

I, 3, 1879-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 13, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 48, 1915- 

BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 14, 1888-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 680, 1889-MASS. 

Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 262, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 52, f. 52-54, 1903- 

W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 16, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 14, pI. 5, 1910- 

KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 2, .f. 14-18, 1912-RICKEN, Blii.tterp. 311, pI. 79, 

1915-COKER, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. XXXIII, 49, pI. 27-28, 1917- 

GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 81, 1918-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 610, 1918-REA, Brit. 

Basid. 100, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. I, p.l. 8, 1927-VESELY, Ann. Myc. XXXI, 

250, 1933. 

[TANAKA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), III, (50), 1889-SHIRAI, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 

III, (156), 1889; List Jap. Fung. 8, 1905; ed. 2, 43, 1917; ed. 3, 18, 1927-P. 

HENN. Hedw. XXXIX, (156), 1900-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. I, 131, 1904-YASUDA, 

Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXVIII, (476), 1914-UMEMURA, PI. Fujiyama. 365, 1923- 

IMAI, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 425, 1933] 

Agaricus muscarius L. Sp. PI. 1172, 1753 (teste FR.). 

Amanita muscaria PERS. Syn. Fung. 253, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Amanita) muscarius FR. Syst. Myc. I, 16, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 5, 

1838; Hymen. Eur. 20, 1874-BARLA, Champ. Nice, 6, pI. 2, 1859-CKE. Ill. Brit. 

Fung. pI.. 117, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 848, 1884.

18 SANSHI IMAI 

Agaricus (Amanita) pantherinU8 FR. Syst. Myc. I, 16, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

5, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 21, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 847, 1884. 

Amanita umbrina SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 679, 1889. 

[Po HENN. Hedw. XXXIX, (156), 1900-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. I, 131, 

1904] 

Solitary, poisonous. Pileus 5-26 cm. broad, convex, then plane, 

at length slightly depressed at the center; surface cinnamon-buff, 

cinnamon-brown, snuff-brown or bister, paler at the margin, slightly 

viscid when wet, besprinkled with three to many sided or pyramidal, 

easily separable, whitish or yellowish warts, or with whitish patches 

of the fragments of vol va, margin striate or rarely tuberculatestriate; 

context white, taste and odour none; lamellae free, white, 

tapering to both ends, moderately crowded, edge not entire; stipe 

5.5-35 cm. long, 1-3 cm. thick, attenuated upward or nearly equal, 

globosely bulbous at the base, white, then brownish, floccose or 

fibrous-scaly, stuffed or hollow; annulus median or subsuperior, 

membranous, white, then yellowish or brownish, persistent Of somewhat 

fugacious; volva whitish or brownish, forming 1-3 concentric 

encircling rings at the apex of bulbous base pf stipe; spores white in 

mass, hyaline, ellipsoidal, 9-12 x 6.5-9 f-l • 

Hab. on the' ground in woods. Summer to autumn. Ishikari 

(Nopporo, Mt. Kurodake), Kushiro (Mt. Meakan). 

Disir. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe and North America. 

Jap. name. Tengu-tuke (KAWAMURA), Huitorituke (KAWA 

MURA), Hy6-tuke (TANAKA). 

12. Amanita sepiacea lMAI 

Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) , XLVII, 426, 1933. 

Solitary, edibility doubtful. Pileus 6-10 cm. broad, convex then 

plane; surface snuff-brown to mummy-brown, darker at the center, 

subviscid when wet, smooth, besprinkled with grayish or brownish, 

polygonal or pyramidal warts, not striate on the margin; context 

white, fleshy, rather thin, taste and odour none, not changing in color 

when bruised; lamellae scarcely free or somewhat adnate, white, 

tapering to both ends, crowded, edge not entire; stipe 15-18 cm. long, 

1-1.5 cm. thick, attenuated upwards, obovately bulbous at the base, 

up to 3 em. thick at the base, grayish to smoky gray or avellaneousbuff, 

fibrous Of flocculose-squamulose, solid or stuffed; annulus mem-


branous, apical, white arid striate above, drab-color below, persis 

tent; volva forming 1-4 concentric encircling rings on the bulbous 

base of stipe, subpersistent or fugacious, whitish or brownish; spores 

white in mass, hyaline, globose or subglobose, 8-10 p in diam. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. AJutumn. Ishikari (Nopporo). 

Distr. Endemic. 

Jap. name. Tengu-take-modoki (IMAI). 


Sect. Incompletae SCHROET. 

Universal veil forming very fugacious, thin, powdery layer or 

warts on the basel of stipe and on the pileus. 

13. Amanita pulchella lMAI 

Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 427, 1933. 

Solitary or scattered, of doubtful edibility. Pileus 2.5-5 cm. 

broad, convex then plane, finally upturned at the margin; surface 

empire-yellow to apricot-yellow, lighter on the margin, viscid when 

wet, glabrous but besprinkled with egg-yellow powdery patches of 

the fragments of volva, shortly striate at the margin when old; con 

text white, thin, taste and odour none; lamellae free, white, finally 

tinged with yellowish tint, rather crowded, ventricose-fusiform, nar 

row; stipe 8-10 cm. long, 4-7 mm. thick, slightly attenuated upward 

or nearly equal but slightly enlarged at the base, white or white 

with egg-yellow colored powders, stuffed; annulus membranous, 

superior, egg-yellow, persistent; volva egg-yellow colored powdery 

mass, surrounded at the base of the stipe, friable; spores white in 

mass, hyaline, broadly ellipsoidal, 7.5-10 X 5-6 ,u • 

poro) . 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Late summer. Ishikari (Nop 

Distr. Endemic 

Jap. name. Ko-koganetengutake (IMAI). 

14. Amanita flavipes lMAI 

Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 428, 1933.


brownish, floccose, subscaly above the annulus, stuffed then hollow; 

annulus whitish or brownish, membranous, superior; volva powdery, 

sulphur-yellow, becoming brownish, friable; spores white in mass, 

subglobose or subovate, 7.5-11 x 7-9.5 fl. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo, 

Mt. Taisetsu), Kushiro (Akan). • 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe, and North America. 

J ap. name. Zaratsuki-tengutake (SHIRAI). 

Amanita aspera has been confused with the related species, Am. 

spissa, Am. cariosa, Am. rubescens, etc. There is some doubt whether 

FRIES' Agaricus asp'er is to be referred to our fungus. 

16. Amanita rubescens (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Month. 2 ser. V, 69, 1872 

-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 45, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 4, 1879-SACC. Syll. 

Fung. V, 16, 1887-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 17, pI. 5, f. 1-6, 1888-MASS. 

Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 265, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 71, f. 73-74, 1903- 

W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 16, 1908-ROLLAND, Atlas Champ. 17, f. 13 (ut rubens) , 

1910-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 313, pI. 80, f. 1, 1915-COKER, Journ. Elisha Mitchell 

Sci. Soc. XXXIII, 59, pI. 36-38, 1917-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 617, pI. 121, 1918- 

REA, Brit. Basid. 104, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. I, pI. 15, 1927. 

[IMAI, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 426, 1933] 

Agaricus rubens ScoP. FI. Carn. ed. 2, II, 416, 1772 (teste FR.). 

Amanita rubescens PERS. Syn. Fung. 254, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Amanita) rubescens FR. Syst.Myc. I, 18, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 7, 

1838; Hymen. Eur. 23, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 9, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 846, 1884. 

Amanita rubens QUEL. Ench. Fung. 4, 1886-SACC. FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 

44, 1915-GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 116, 1918-V:EsELY, Ann. Myc. XXXI, 240, 

1933, p. p. 

Amanita pustulata SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 678, 1889-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 

313, pI. 80, f. 1, 1915. 

Solitary or scattered, edible. Pileus 6-18 cm. broad, convex, 

then plane, finally upturned at the margin; surface moist, light 

brownish-buff to dingy reddish-brown, darker at the center, provided 

with gray, mealy patches or three to many-sided subpyramidal and 

gray or reddish colored friable warts, even or slightly striatulate on 

the margin; context whitish, turning dull pinkish, thick at the center, 

thin at the margin, no taste and odour; lamellae free or remote, 

white, then spotted with reddish brown, rather close, soft; stipe

22 

SANSHIIMAI 

10-24 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. thick, attenuated upward, obovately bulbous 

(up to 4.5 cm. thick) at the base, reddish-white, turning pinkish, 

dull-pinkish or light reddish-brown, squamulose above the annulus, 

fibrous below, stuffed or solid; annulus membranous, superior, 

whitish, avellaneous or wood-brown, turning to reddish or spotted 

with -reddish brown, striate above, fugacious; volva powdery, gray 

or reddish, fugacious, mostly lacking on carelessly collected specimens; 

spores white in mass, hyaline, broadly ellipsoidal or subglobose. 

7-9 x 5.5-7 fl. 


(Sapporo, Nopporo), Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu), Kushiro (Akan). 



Jap. name. irogawari-tengutake (IMAI) , Gan-take (KAWA 

MURA). 

17. Amanita spissa (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 69, 1872; 

Ench. Fung. 4, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 47, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 

5, 1879-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 17, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 47, 1915- 

BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 17, pI. 5, f. 7-11, 1888-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 

678, 1889-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 266, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 16, 1908 

-ROLLAND, Atlas Champ. 16, f. 9, 1910-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 313, pI. 80, f. 2, 

1915-COKER, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. XXXIII, 53, pI. 30-31, 1917- 

GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 108, 1918-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 620, pI. 124, 1918- 

REA, Brit. Basid. 103, 1922-KoNR. et MAUBL. Icon. Sel. Fung. I, 36, pI. 4, 1924 

-BRES. Icon. Myc. I, pI. 16, 1927-VESELY, Ann. Myc. XXXI, 263, 1933. 

[Po HENN. Hedw. XXXIX, (156), 1900-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. I, 131,. 

1904-SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. 8, 1905; ed. 2, 43, 1917; ed. 3, 18, 1927-IMAI,. 

Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 427,1933] 

Agaricus (Amanita) spissus FR. Epicr. Myc. 9, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 23,. 


Solitary or gregarious, said to be edible. Pileus 4-10 cm. broad,. 

convex, then expanded to nearly plane; surface hair-brown at first, 

then becoming drab, olive-brown or buckthorn-brown, darker at 

the center, paler on the margin, covered with whitish or grayish, 

fugacious floccose or powdery patches or warts of the fragments. 

of volva, usually even or rarely short and faintly striatulate on the 

margin; context white, firm, taste and odour almost none; lamellae 

free but reaching to the stipe by a decurrent line, broad, crowded,.


white, obscurely flocculose on the edge; stipe 7-15 cm. long, 7-16 mm. 

thick, attenuated upward, bulbous at the base, white or grayish, 

pruinose and powdery-scaly above the annulus, nearly fibrous below, 

solid or stuffed; annulus membranous, superior, white or grayish, 

striate above; volva powdery, remaining loose powdery-floccose, gray 

mass, evanescent; spores white in mass, hyaline, broadly ellipsoidal 

or subglobose, 8-10 X 7-9 p, usually with a large central gutta. 


(Sa pporo, N opporo ), Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu). 



Jap. name. Hebi-kinoko (SHIRAI ex P. HENNINGS). 

18. Amanita spissacea lMAI 


Solitary, of doubtful edibility. Pileus 6-10 cm. broad, convex, 

then expanded; surface drab to fuscous, darker at the center, concentrically 

arranged with fuscous or hair-brown colored polygonal 

or pyramidal small powdery or powdery-floccose warts or patches; 

context white, rather thick, comp·act, taste and odour none; lamellae 

remote, white, subcrowded, ventricose, attenuated both ends; stipe 

10-15 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, attenuated upward, obovately bulbous 

at the base, grayish and flocculose-scaly or powdery-scaly above the 

annulus, hair-brown colored powdery scaly below the annulus but it 

appears to be concolorously fibrous just above the bulb, solid; annulus 

membranous, superior, whitish and striate above, grayishwhite 

and floccose below, margin hair-brown; volva powdery, hairbrown, 

forming 1-3 concentric encircling rings on the bulb of the 

stipe, evanescent; spores white in mass, hyaline, globose, 7-8 fl, 

apiculate. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo). 


Jap. name. Hebikinoko-modoki (IMAI).

STUDIES ON THE AGARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. I. 

Sect. Volvatae GILBERT 

Amanita § Amanitopsis § Volvatae GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 136, 1918. 

Amanitopsis sect. Volvatae IMAI, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 428, 1933. 

Universal veil usually forming a large, deep, fre,e and membranous 

volva at the base of stipe. 

1. Amanitopsis vaginata (BULL. ex FR.) ROZE 

Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. XXIII, 111, 1876; in KARST. Hattsv. J, 6, 1879, p. p. 

SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 21, 1887, p. p.; Fl. Ital. Crypt.,. Hymen. 62, 1915, p. p. 

BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 18, 1888, p. p.-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 256, 1893, 

p. p.-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 74, f. 77, 1903, p. p.-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 

18, 1908, p. p.-MURRILL, Mycologia, I, 85, pI. 7, f. 5, 1909, p. p.-KAWAMURA, 

Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 3, f. 14-17, 1912-COKER, Journ. Elisha, Mitchell Sci. Soc. 

XXXIII, 6, pI. 3, 1917, p. p.-GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 136, 1918, p. p.-KAUFFM. 

Agar. Mich. 623, 1918, p. p.-REA, Brit. Basid. 92, 1922. 

[SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. 8, 1905; ed. 2, 45, 1917; ed. 3, 19, 1927-UMEMURA, 

PI. Fujiyama. 365, 1923-MATSUURA & KANADA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. 

III, 119, 1931-IMAI, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 429, 1933] 

Agaricus plumbeu8 SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 37, pI. 85-86, 1774 

(teste FR.). 

Agaricus vaginatus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 98, 1791, p. p. (teste FR.). 

Amanita livida PERS. Syn. Fung. 247, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Amanita) vaginatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 14, 1821, p. p.; Epicr. 

Myc. 11, 1838, p. p.; Hymen. Eur. 27, 1874, p. p.-BARLA, Champ. Nice, 9, pI. 5, 

f. 1-10, 1859, p. p.-CORDA, Champ. Fr. II, 12, pI. 5, 1870, p. p.-CKE. Ill. Brit. 

Fung. pI. 12, excl. f. dext. 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 842" 1884. 

Amanita vaginata QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 

2 ser. V, 66, 1872, p. p.; Ench. Fung. 5, 1886, p. p.-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 50, cum 

icone, 1874, p. p.-ROLLAND, Atlas Champ. 18, f. 14, 1910, p. p.-RICKEN, Blatterp. 

306, 1915-VESELY, Ann. Myc. XXXI, 274, 1933, p. p. 

Amanitopsis plumbea SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 676, 1889, p. p. 

[YASUDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXX, (27), 1916] 

Agaricus (Amanitopsis) vaginatus CKE. Handb. Austr. Fung. 4, 1892. 

Vaginata vaginata MURRILL, Mycologia, III, 80, 1911, p. p. 

Vaginata plumbea MURRILL, Ibid. V, 82, 1913, p. p.; North Amer. Fl. X, 65, 

1914, p. p. 

Amanita vaginata subsp. plumbea KONR. et MAUBL. Icon. Sel. Fung. I, 33, 

1924. 

Solitary or scattered, edible. Pileus 5-8 em. broad, campanulate 

or subglobose, expanded to subplane or subumbonate, at length the 

margin upturned; surface gray, avellaneous or wood-brown, lighter 

25


thin, taste and odour none; lamellae free, white, equally attenuated 

toward both ends, ventricose, rather crowded, very scarcely serrulate 

on the edges; stipe 7-15 cm. long, 5-10 mm. thick, attenuated upward, 

not bulbous at the base, powdery-squamulose, scales subconcolorous 

or paler, white and stuffed within; volva membranous, concolorous 

with the stipe or white with yellowish or orangish colored small dots, 

ensheathing the base, large, ample, up to 4-5 cm. long, persistent; 

spores white in mass, hyaline, globose, 12-14 fl, with a large, central 

gutta or granular contents. 


(Mt. Taisetsu, Nopporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe and North America. 

Jap. name. Kabairo-tsurutake (KAWAMURA). 

:t Amanitopsis albida (FR.) IMAI 


Agaricus (Amanita) vaginatus a piIeo albida FR. Syst. Myc. I, 14, 1821. 

Agaricus (Amanita) vaginatus var. albida FR. Epicr. Myc. 11, 1838. 

Agaricus (Amanita) vaginatus b) tot a alba FR. Hymen. Eur. 27, 1874. 

Amanita vaginata var. alba GILL. Hymen. Fr. 51, 1874-GILBERT, Genre 

Amanita, 142, 1918. 

Amanita vaginata subsp. plumbea var. alba KONR. et MAUBL. Icon. Sel. 

Fung. I, 33, 1924. 

Solitary or scattered, edible. Pileus 5-10 cm. broad, campanulate, 

then convex to plane or slightly umbonate; surface white, besprinkled 

with white or grayish colored patches of volva, striate on 

the margin; context white, thin, taste and odour none; lamellae free, 

white, broader in front, moderately crowded; stipe 10-18 cm. long, 

8-12 mm. thick, slightly attenuated upward or nearly equal, not 

bulbous at the base, concolorous; volva membranous, large, free, 

white or grayish, persistent; spores white in mass, hyaline, 10- 

12.5 ,u, with a large central gutta. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Late summer to autumn. Ishikari 

(Sounbetsu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe and North America. 

Jap. name. Yukitsurutake (IMAI). 

Amanita nivalis GREV. has been treated by many as a white form 

of Amanitopsis vaginata, but REA has described that the spores of 

Amanitopsis ni1!alis (GREV.) REA are oblong eIlipsoidal, 11-12 x 9 fl,


5. Amanitopsis agglutinata (BERK. et CURT.) SACCo 

Syll. Fung. V, 23, 1887-COKER, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 

XXXIII, 11, pI. 6, 1917. 

[IMAZEKI, App. Mushr. Sci. I, 40, f. 1, 1935] 

Agaricus agglutinatus BERK. et CURT. in HOOKERS Journ. Bot. I, 97, 1849. 

Agaricus volvatus PK. 24 Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 59, 1872. 

Agaricus soleatus HOWE, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, V, 42, 1874. 

Amanitopsis volvata SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 23, 1887-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 

622, 1918. 

Vaginata agglutinata O. K. Rev. Gen. PI. III, 539, 1898-MuRRILL, Mycologia, 

V, 83, & 94, pI. B6 f 87, f. 2, 1913; North Amer. Fl. X, 66, 1914. 

Solitary or scattered, said to be poisonous. Pileus 2-8 cm. broad, 

hemispherical, then expanded to plane; surface dull-white or yellowish, 

rarely reddish-brown at the center, besprinkled with whitish or 

brownish-red colored powders or floccose-scales, and sometimes with 

large patches of the volva, dry; context soft, white or light creamy, 

on drying or when bruised becoming rosy, taste and odour none; 

lamellae free, crowded, broad, white, on drying or when bruised becoming 

rosy or brownish; stipe 6-14 cm. long, 5-10 mm. thick, equal 

or attenuated upward, enlarged at the base, white, cover,ed with 

small white, brownish or reddish, flocculent scales or patches, stuffed 

or solid; volva large, ample, volvate, persistent, firm, white or 

brownish, more or less lobed; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 

smooth, 8-11 x 5-6 p. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Mt. Sapporo), 

Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), China, Europe and North 

America. 

Jap. name. Fukuro-tsurutake (IMAZEKI). 

6. Amanitopsis clarisquamosa IMAI 

Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) , XLVII, 430, 1933. 

Solitary or scattered, of doubtful edibility. Pileus 4-6 cm. broad, 

hemispherical or convex, then plane; surface dry, dull-white, yellowish, 

brownish, pale pinkish cinnamon or vinaceous-cinnamon, silky 

fibrous and even at the center, margin white, slightly striatulate and 

covered with large, fibrous 'scales which are colored a buff-pink or 

onion-skin-pink color; context whitish or pinkish, fleshy, taste and


odour none; lamellae free, white, crowded, rounded behind, broad, 

broader in front, ventricose; stipe 6-10 cm. long, 8-12 mm. thick, 

slightly attenuated upward, whitish or brownish, densely covered by 

powdery-floccose scales or shaggy above the vol va, scales co1ored 

with buff-pink or congo-pink, stuffed or solid; volva large, membranous, 

up to 4.5 cm. high, 2.5 cm. thick, persistent, firm or soft, 

ensheathing the base of stipe, about three-fourths of the length free, 

lobed at the apex, brownish or whitish; spores white in mass, hyaline, 

ellipsoidal-oblong or subcylindrical, 10-15 X 5-6 {.1, smooth, granular 

in contents. 



Jap. name. Shiro-uroko-tsurutake (IMAI). 

The spores of this fungus are longer than those of the preceding 

species, Am. agglutinata, and the pileus is more scaly. But COKER'S 

fungus of A. agglutinata is closely allied to this fungus. The two may 

be a single species but our fungus is a more scaly form. 

Some European authors consider that A. agglutinata is identical 

with Amanitopsis baccata (FR.) SACCo If BRESADOLA'S fungus is the 

true A. baccata, the figure suggests that it is a different species from 

ours. 

7. Amanitopsis avellaneosquamosa IMAI 


Solitary or scattered, edibility doubtful. Pileus 5-10 cm. broad, 

convex to plane, at length depressed at the center; surface dry, 

covered with light pinkish-buff to aveHaneous colored, easily separable 

scales, densely coalescent at the center, striate on the margin; context 

white, thick, fleshy, taste and odour none; lamellae white, then 

tinged with yellowish color, free or remote, edge slightly wavy, 

moderately crowded, broader in front, nearly ventricose; stipe 9- 

17 cm. long, 6-20 mm. thick, equal or attenuated upward, scaly, subconcolorous 

or slightly paler, somewhat powdery floccose, hollow or 

stuffed; volva membranous, large, ensheathing the base of stjpe, 

about two-thirds free above, up to 5 cm. long and 4 cm. thick, whitish 

or dull-pinkish, persistent; spores white in mass, hyaline, ellipsoidal, 

9-10.5 x 5-6 fl .


Hab. on the ground in woods. Late summer . Ishikari (N opporo) 

. • 


Jap. name. Akuiro-uroko-tsurutake (IMAI). 

Sect. Amanitellae (EARLE) GILBERT 

Amanitella (ut gen.) EARLE, 1. c. 1909. 

Amanita § Amanitopsis § Amanitellae GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 156, 1918. 

Amanitopsis sect. Pulveratae IMAI, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XLVII, 430, 1933. 

Universal veil forming a powdery, adnate, but friable volva 0n 

the bulbous base of stip,e, and breaking up into squamules on the 

pileus. 

8. Amanitopsis farinosa (SCHW.) ATKINS. 

Mushrooms, 76, f. 78, 1900-COKER, Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 

XXXIII, 14, pI. 7, 1917-GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 156, 1918. 


Amanita farinosa SCHW. Schr. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, I, 79, 1822. 

Agaricus (Amanita) farinosus FR. Epicr. Myc. 11, 1838. 

Amanitella farinosa EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 449, 1909. 

Vaginata farinosa MURRILL, Mycologia, IV, 3, pI. 56, f. 5, 1912; North 

Amer. FI. X, 67, 1914. 

Solitary or scattered, edibility doubtful. Pileus 3-5.5 cm. broad, 

subglobose, then convex, at length becoming plane and slightly depressed 

at the center; surface dry, densely covered with drab-colored 

powders, darker colored and hairy squamulose at the center, paler 

and striate on the margin; context white, fleshy, thin, taste and odour 

none; lamella,e free or remote, white, rounded behind, rather distant; 

stipe 4-7 cm. long, 5-6 mm. thick, nearly equal, bulbous at the 

base, reaching to 1 cm. or more in thickness, very rarely not bulbous, 

white or whitish, tinged with grayish or yellowish color, somewhat 

pruinose, fleshy, fragile, solid or nearly hollow; volva powdery, drabcolored, 

evanescent; spores white in mass, hyaline, globose, 6-7.5.u. 

Hab. on the grassy ground in woods, especially under conifers. 

Summer to autumn. Ishikari (N opporo), Iburi (Lake side of 

Shikotsu) . 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), China, North America. 

Jap. name. Hime-kona-kaburi-tsurutake (IMAI).

32 

1872. 

SANSHI IMAI 

Lepiota (PERS. ex FR.) QuEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 60 & 70, 

Agaricus § Lepiota PERS. Syn. Fung. 257, 1801, p. p. 

Agaricus § Lepiota FR. Syst. Myc. I, 19, 1821. 

Leucocoprinus PAT. Bull. Soc. Myc: Fr. IV, 26, 1888. 

Cystoderma FAYOD, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 7 ser. IX, 350, 1889. 

Fusispom FAYOD, Ibid. 351, 1889. 

Mastocephalus BATT. ex O. K. Rev. Gen. PI. II, 859, 1891. 

Limacella EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 447, 1909. 

Fructification with partial veil remaining later as an· annulus, 

and usually with very fugacious. unIversal veil when young. Pileus 

fleshy, regular, distinct from the fleshy stipe. Stipe central, fleshy. 

Universal veil very fugacious. Partial veil remaining as an annulus. 

Lamellae free or rarely slightly attached. Spores white in mass. 

Type species: Agaricus (Lepriota) procerus ScoP. ex FR. 

Key to the subgenera, sections and species in Hokkaido. 

I. Pileus dry, squarrose, squamulose, fibrillose or pruinose; lamellae usually 

free. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Subgen .. Eulepiota. 

A. Pileus large with large scales; annulus large, movable, persistent, 

distinct from the universal veil... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Procerae. 

1. Pileus with prominent umbo; context white, unchanging in color; 

stipe usually with snake-like marking.......... L. procera (1). 

2. Pileus not distinctly umbonate; context becoming reddish on exposure; 

stipe without snake-like marking ....... L. rhacodes(2). 

B. Pileus squamulose; annulus distinct, fixed, homogeneous with universal 

veil which clothes the stipe. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Clypeolariae. 

1. Spores large, subcylindrical, subfusiform or turbinate. 

a. Pileus covered with small, rigid, apiculate, fuscous, deciduous 

warts; annulus rather large; stipe robust .................. . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L. acutesquamosa (3) . 

b. Pileus covered with yellow or brownish dense felt which later 

breaks up into floccose, torn patches or innate squamules, appendiculate 

at the margin ................ L. clypeolaria(4). 

c. Pileus covered with cinnamon or reddish-brown small scales 

in concentric order......................... L. cristata (5) . 

2. Spores not elongated, but ellipsoidal. 

a. Stipe abruptly bulbous; pileus covered with reddish-brown 

scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L. subamaniti/ormis (6) . 

b. Stipe not bulbous; pileus covered with reddish-brown, small 

scales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L. helveola (7) .


C. Pileus pruinose, fibrillose or pulverulent, rarely glabrous ........... . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Pruinosae. 

1. Fructification large, 5-13 cm. in width of pileus; pileus white or 

sordid, subglabrous; stipe hollow ................. L. naucina(8). 

2. Fructification small, slender; pileus salmon, then whitish, powdery • 

............................................. L. seminuda(9). 

II. Pileus dry, granulose or verrucose, lamellae slightly attached to the stipe 

or nearly free .... , .................... , .......... Subgen. Cystoderma. 

A. Spores ellipsoidal. 

1. Pileus vinaceous-cinnamon, densely covered with warm-sepia, 

colored sharply pointed warts..... . . . . . . . . . .. L. granulosa (10) • 

2. Pileus ochraceous, densely covered with minute warts or granules .. 

.......................................... L. amianthina(11)., 

B. Spores long, bone-shaped; pileus olivaceous-black, densely covered with 

sman warts.............................. L. ossaei/ormispora (12). 

III. Pileus dry, membranous, thin, farinaceous or fibrillose-squamulose, plicate- 

·sulcate ....................................... " Subgen. Leucocoprinus., 

A. Pileus white, yellowish or brownish, caespitose or gregarious ........ . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L. cepaestipes (13) • 

B. Pileus sulphur-yello,w, lemon-yellow or deep yellow. 

1. Stipe rather short and bulbous at the base ......... L. lutea (14)_ 

2. Stipe slender, attenuated upward but not bulbous at the base. ' .... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , L. pseudolicmophora (15) . 

IV. Pileus viscid ....................................... Subgen. Limacella. 

A. Pileus tawny to orangish ........................ L. subglischra(16).' 

Subgen. Eulepiota LANGE emend. lMAI 

Lepiota § Eulcpiota LANGE Agar. Denm. II, 19, 1915, pro max. parte. 

Pileus dry, squarrose, squamulose, fibrillose or pruinos'e. Lamellae 

usually free from the stipe. 

Sect. Procerae FR. 

Epicr. Myc. 12, 1838 (ut Proceri). 

Pileus large, with large scales; annulus large, movable, persistent, 

distinct from the universal veil. 

1. Lepiota procera (SCOP. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emiul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 70, 1872; 

Eneh. Fung. 5, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 56, eum ieone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 

7, 1879-SACC. Syl1. Fung. V, 27, 1887; FI. ItaI. Crypt., Hymen. 74, 1915-


Fung. V, 29, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 70, 1915-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. 

I, 675, 1889-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 22, pI. 9, f. 1-5, 1889-MoRGAN, Journ. 

Myc. XIII, 8, 1907-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 20, 1908-MuRRILL, North Amer. FI. 

X, 64, 1914-LANGE, Agar. Denm. II, 23, 1915-RICKEN, BHitterp. 317, pI. 84, 

f. 1, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 65, 1922. 

Agaricus rhacodes VITT. Fung. Mang. 158, pI. 20, 1835-FR. Epicr. Myc. 

13, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 29, 1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 92, pI. 3, f. 6, 1860eKE. 

Ill. Brit. Fung. I, pI. 22, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 841, 1884. 

Solitary or gregarious, edible. Pileus 7-14 cm. broad, .globose 

then ftatt€ned or depressed; surface dry, smooth and brown when 

young, becoming very coarsely scaly, except at the center, from the 

breaking up of the pellicle; context white, reddening on exposure 

to the air, especially in the stipe and the disc, odour and taste pleasant; 

lamellae free or remote, white, lanceolate, ventricose, crowded; 

stipe 7-20 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, equal or attenuated upward, 

strongly bulbous at the base, white, faintly reddening, smooth, hollow; 

annulus white or brownish, fixed, becoming movab},e, edge thick, 

double and fimbriate; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 9-12 x 6-7,u. 

Hab. on the ground under trees, especially in coniferous woods. 

Autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo). 


Jap. name. Karakasatake-modoki (n. n.). 

Sect. Clypeolariae FR. 

Epicr. Myc. 14, 1838 (ut Clypeolarii). 

Pileus squamulose; annulus distinct, fixed, homogeneous with 

universal veil which clothes the stipe. 

3. Lepiota acutesquamosa (WEINM.) GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 60, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 9, 1879-SACC. Syll. 

Fung V, 34, 1887-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 24, pI. 12, f. 4-7, 1889-MASS. 

Erit. Fung. FI. III, 236, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 21, 1908--RoLLAND, Atlas 

Champ. 20, f. 20, 1910-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 11, f. 8-10, 1914- 

KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 6B3, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 67, 1922. 

[SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. ed. 2, 319,1917; ed. 3, 185, 1927] 

Amanita aspera PERS. Syn. Fung. 256, 1801.


Agaricus (Lep'iota) clypcolarius FR. Syst. Mye. I, 21, 1821; Epier. Mye. 

15, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 32, 1874-WINT. Die PiIze, I, 839, 1884. 

Lepiota magnispoj'a MURRILL, Mycologia, IV, 237, 1912. 

Scattered or solitary, edible. Pileus 3-7 cm. broad, campanulate, 

then convex and flattened, obtuse or umbonate; surface floccosescaly, 

white or yellowish beneath the pellicle,· which is thin, at first 

continuous and yellowish, ochraceous or rufous, soon broken up into 

floccose torn patches except in the center and drawn apart into small 

scales, often appendiculate with the remains of the annulus at the 

margin; context white, thin, floccose, taste and odour pleasant; 

lamellae free, white or yellowish, rather crowded, soft, minutely 

serrulate on the edge, rather broad; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 3-8 mm. 

thick, equal or slightly enlarged at the base, concolorous, conspicuously 

floccose;-.squamulose below the annulus, silky at the apex, 

hollow; annulus floccose, concolorous, fugacious; spores white in 

mass, subfusiform or elongated-ellipsoidal, smooth, hyaline, 11-15·x 

4-6 ft. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Summer to autumn. Iburi (Lake 

side of Shikotsu), Kitami (Oketo forest). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe, North America and 

Australia (?) . 

Jap. name. Wata-karakasatake (n. n.). 

5. Lepiota cristata (BOLT. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Month. 2 ser. V, 72, 1872; 

Ench. Fung. 6, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 61, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 10, 1879- 

SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 39, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 77, 1915-SCHROET. 

Pilze Schles. I, 673, 1889-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 27, pI. 14, f. 1-4, 1889- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 242, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 81, f. 83, 1903 

-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 23, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas ChaIrl\Il. 20, f. 19, 1910- 

RICKEN, Blatterp. 322, pI. 84, f. 3, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 641, pI. 131, 

1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 71, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. I, pI. 34, 1927: 

[Po HENN. Hedw. XXXIX, (156), 1900-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. I, 150, 1904 

-SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. 47, 1905; ed. 2, 319, 1917; ed. 3, 186, 1927] 

Agaricus conspurcatus WILLD. Prodr. Fl. Berl. 382, 1787 (teste MORG.). 

Agaricus cristatus BOLT. Hist. Fung. Halif. I, 7, 1788 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus subantiquatus BATSCH, Elench. Fung. II, 59, 1789 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Lepiota) cristatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 22, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 15, 

1838; Hymen. Eur. 32, 1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 94, pI. 3, f. 7, 1860-CKE. 

Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 29, 1883-WINT. Die PiIze, I, 839, 1884.


Agaricus spherosporus KROMBH. Abbild. Schwamm. IV, 10, pI. 24, f. 19-23, 

1836. 

Agaricus laevis KROMBH. Ibid. 16, pI. 26, f. 16-17, 1936. 

Agaricus (Lepiota) naucinus FR. Epicr. Myc. 16, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 34, 

1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 15, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 838, 1884. 

Agaricus (Annularia) laevis FR. Hymen. Eur. 184, 1874. 

Agaricus (Lepiota) naucinoides PK. 29 Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 66, 

1876. 

Lepiota pudica QUEL. Ench. Fung. 7, 1886. 

Lepiota naucinoides MORG. Journ. Myc. XIII, 10, 1907. 

Solitary or gregarious, edible. Pileus 5-13' cm. broad, conical 

or subglobose, then convex, at length slightly depressed in the center; 

surface white, sometimes light drab or yellowish, smooth, rarely 

cracked at the center, pruinose; context fleshy, thick, white, taste 

and odour mild; lamellae free or remote, close, white, gradually 

'changing to pinkish, pinkish-brown when dried; stipe 8-15 cm. long, 

7.5-17 mm. thick, almost equal, but enlarged at the base, white" 

pinkish brown when dried, silky shining, smooth, glabrous, hollow; 

annulus white, superior, narrow, somewhat thick, persistent, often 

fugacious; spores white or slightly pinkish in mass, obovate-ellip 

Boidal or rarely oblong, hyaline or faintly pinkish, 7-12.5 (rarely 

up to 18) x 4.5-7.5 p, mostly 9-10 x 6 f1 • 

Hab. on the ground in pastures, fields, roadsides, etc. Summer 

to autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo). 


Jap. name. Shiro-karakasatake (IMAI). 

9. Lepiota seminuda (LASCH) GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 71, 1874-QUEL. Ench. Fung. 8, 1886-SACC. Syll. Fung. 

V, 50, 1887; FI. Itai. Crypt., Hymen. 88, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 31, 

1888-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 252, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 25, 1908- 

MURRILL, North Amer. FI. X, 48, 1914-RICKEN, BUitterp. 324, 1915-REA, 

Brit. Basid. 78, 1922. 

Agaricus seminudus LASCH, Linnaea, III, 157, 1828-FR. Epicr. Myc. 18, 

1838; Hymen. Eur. 38, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 19, f. a, 1883-WINT. Die 

Pilze, I, 835, 1884. 

Gregarious. Pileus 1-2.5 cm.· broad, hemiglobose or conical, 

then umbonate; surface dry, pulverulent, salmon-buff or onion-skinpink 

in young stage, then turning to whitish, darker at the center,


margin slightly incurved and connected with the stipe by a onionskin-pink 

colored membranous, but fugacious veil; veil subviscid and 

fugacious, not forming an annulus; context white, fleshy on the 

center, taste and odour none; lamellae white, free, rounded and 

broader behind, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded; stipe 2.5-3.5 cm. long, 

.1.5-2 mm. thick, equal, white· or pinkish above, light-russet-vinaceous 

to sorghum-brown below, slightly pruinose, subelastic, rigid, subcartilaginous, 

hollow; spores white in mass, oblong or ellipsoidal, 

.4;5-5 x 2.5 p, hyaline, with 1-4 small guttae. 

Hab. on the humus ground in woods or under trees. Summer 

to autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo). 


Jap. name. Hime-kona.-karakasatake (n. n.). 

Subgen. Cvstoderma (FAYOD) lMAI, nom. nov. 

A.garicus § Lepiota § Granulosae FR. Hymen. Eur. 35, 1874. 

Cystoderma (ut gen.) FAYOD. I. e. 1889. 

Pileus granulosus vel verrucosus. Lamellae a stipite leviter adhaerentes. 

10. Lepiota granulosa (BATSCH ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soe. D'EmuI. Month. 2 ser. V, 73, 1872, 

p. p.-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 71, eum ieone, 1874, p. p.-KARST. Hattsv. I, 14, '1879- 

SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 47, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 84, 1915-SCHROET. 

Pilze Sehles. I, 672, 1889-BARDA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 30, pI. 16, f. 5-8, 1889 

-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 248, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 24, 1908-LANGE, 

Agar. Denm. II, 29, 1915-RICKEN, BUitterp. 327, pI. 81, f. 3, 1915-KAUFFM. 

Agar. Mich. 638, 191&-REA, Brit. Basid. 75, 1922. 

Agaricus granulosus BATSCH, Eleneh. Fung. I, 79, 1783 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Lepiota) granulo8u8 PERS. Syn. Fung. 264, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Lepiota) granulo8us FR. Syst. Myc. I, 24, 1821, p. p.; Epier. 

Mye. 17, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 36, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 18, 1883-WINT. 

Die Pilze, I, 837, 1884. 

Gregarious or solitary, edible. Pileus 2.5-3.5 cm. broad, conical, 

then expanded to umbonate; surface dry, vinaceous-cinnamon. 

densely covered with warm-sepia colored sharply pointed warts, the 

warts longer and dense on the center, margin incurved at first; context 

thin, whitish, odour disagre.eable, taste slightly bitter; lamellae

42 

SANSHI IMAI 

nearly free or adnexed, white then yellowish, moderately crowded; 

stipe 3.5-5 cm. long, 3-7 mm. thick, attenuated upward, concolorous, 

densely covered, below the annulus, with warts like those of the 

pileus and longitudinally sulcate in 2 to 4 lines, dry, brown-fibrillose 

above the annulus, hollow; annulus subsuperior, torn asunder into 

small pieces, subpendulous, subpersistent, concolorous with the warts; 

veil subeoncolorous with warts, subpersistent; spores white in mass, 

ellipsoidal, smooth, 4-5.5 x 2.3-3.5 }t. 

Hab. on the ground in woods or under trees. Summer to 

autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo). 


Jap. name. Hime-onitake (n. n.). 

11. Lepiota amianthina (ScoP. ex FR.) KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 15, 1879-QUEL. Ench. Fung. 7, 1886-SACC. Syll. Fung. 

V, 48, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 84, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 30, 

pI. 16, f. 9-11, 1889-SCHROET. PiIze Schles. 1, 672, 1889-MASS. Brit. Fung. 

FI. III, 249, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 25, 1908-MuRRILL, North Amer. 

FI. X, 45, 1914, p. p.-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 327, pI. 81, f. 4, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 

75, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. I, pI. 37, 1927. 

Agaricus amianthinus Scop: Fl. Carn. ed. 2, II, 434, 1772 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Lepiota) granulo8us FR. Syst. Myc. I, 24, 1821, p. p. 

Agaricus (Lepiota) granulosus var. amianthinus FR. Epicr. Myc. 18, 1838. 

Agaricus (Lepiota) amianthinus FR. Hymen. Eur. 37, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. 

Fung. pI. 213, f. 2, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 836, 1884. 

Solitary or scattered, edible'. Pileus 2-5 em. broad, convex, then 

expanded to gibbous or subumbonate; surface dry, ochraceous, darker 

at the center, pulverulent or granulose, radiately rugulose; context 

yellowish or yellow, rather thick, odour none; lameUae adnexed, 

white, then yellowish,crowded; stipe 2-6 cm. long, 3-5 mm. thick, 

slightly attenuated upward or nearly equal, whitish or yellowish and 

glabrous above the annulus, densely covered with ochraceous squamules 

below the annulus, hollow; annulus concolorous, squamulose 

on the outside, median; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 6-8 x 3- 

4 It, smooth, hyaline; eystidia absent. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Mt. Kurodake) 

. 


Jap. name. Shiwa-karakasatake (n. n.).


12. Lepiota ossaeiformispora lMAI, sp. nov. 

Gregaria. Pileo 2-3 cm. lato, conico dein umbonato, sicco, olivaceo-nigro, 

dense squamuloso, margine pallidiore; carne alba, tenui, 

. sapore nullo, odore foetido; lamellis subliberis, albidis dein subflavescentibus, 

confertis; stipite 4-7 cm. longo, 3-4 mm. crasso, subequali, 

albido vel olivaceo-griseo, fibrilloso vel squamuloso, cavo; annulo inferno, 

tomentoso, olivaceo-nigro-squamuloso; sporis in cumulo albis, 

ossaeiformibus, levibus, hyalinis, 10-12 x 3-4 p. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo). 


Jap. name. Hime-ao-onitake (n. n.). 

The present fungus is an intermediate form between Lepiota 

Grangei (EYRE) LANGE and L. pseudojelina LANGE. They, however, 

are distinct from one another. 

Subgen. Leucocoprinus (PAT.) KONR. et MAUBL. 

Icon. Sel. Fung. I, 41, 1924. 

Leucocoprinus (ut gen.) PAT. 1. c. 1888. 

Pileus dry, membranous, thin, farinaceous or fibrillose-squamulose, 

plicate-sulcate on the margin. 

13. Lepiota cepaestipes (Sow. ex FR.) QUEL. 



SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 43, 1887; Fl. !tal. Crypt., Hymen. 69, 1915-SCHROET. 

Pilze Schles. I, 673, 1889-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 29, pI. 15, f. 7-11, 1889- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 246, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 24, 1908-RICKEN, 

Bliitterp. 320, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 640, pI. 130, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 

74, 1922. 

Agaricus cretaceus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 374, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus cepaestipes Sow. EngI. Fung. pl. 2, 1797 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus Copr.? cepaestipes PERS. Syn. Fung. 416, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Vaginata) cepaestipes FR. Syst. Myc. I, 280, 1821. 

Agaricus (Lepiota) cepaestipes FR. Epicr. Myc. 17, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

35, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. I, pI. 5 (p. p.) & 942, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 

837, 1884. 

Lepiota mammae/ormis UNDERW. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, XXIV, 82, 1897. 

Lepiota cretacea MORGAN, Journ. Myc. XIII, 3, 1907-MuRRILL, North 

Amer. Fl. X, 49, 1914.

44 SANSHIIMAI 

Gregarious or caespitose, edible. Pileus 2-5 cm. broad, at first 

subovoid with an obtuse apex, then campanulate and expanded to 

. umbonate; surface dry, white, yellowish or brownish, darker at the 

'center, fibrillose or with densely floccose, fugacious scales and 

powders, plicat,e-sulcate on the margin; context thin, white, taste 

and odour none; lamellae free, white or whitish, narrow, crowded; 

'stipe 5-8 cm. long, 4-6 mm. thick, attenuated upward, bulbous at the 

base, white, covered with fugacious, delicate flocci, hollow; annulus 

white, membranous, thin, fixed, inferior, persistent; spores white in 

mass, ellipsoidal, 7.5-9 x 4-5 fJ" with a central gutta, smooth. 

Hab. on humus ground under trees or in woods. Summer to 

autumI1. Ishikari (Sapporo). 

Distr. Japa!l (Hokkaido), Europe, North America and Australia. 

Jap. name. Kinu-karakasatake (n. n.). 

14. Lepiota lutea [BOLT.] GODFRIN, 

Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. XIII, 33, 1897-GuEGUEN, Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 

XXIV, 121, 1908-REA, Brit. Basid. 74, 1922-KoNR. et MAUBL. Icon. SeI. Fung. 

pI. 15, 1930-LANGE, Fl. Agar. Dan. I, 37, pI. 14, f. G, 1935. 

AgaTicus luteus BOLT. Hist. Fung. Halif. I, pI. 50, 1788 (teste FR.). 

AgaTicus cepaestipes var. lutea PERS. Syn. Fung. 416, 1801-FR. Hymen. 

Eur. 35, 1874. 

AgaTicus flammula ALB. et SCHW. Consp. Lusat. 149, 1805-KICKX, Fl. 

. Crypt. Flandr. II, 133, 1867 (teste FR.). 

AgaTicus flos sulphuris SCHNIZEL. apud STURM, Deuts. Fl. III, fasc. 31, 1, 

pI. 1, 1851 (teste FR.). 

Lepiota flammula GILL. Hymen.' Fr. 63, cum icone, 1874. 

Lepiota cepaestipes var. lutea QUEL. Ench. Fung. 7, 18S6-SACC. Syll. 

Fung. V, 44, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 70, 1915. 

AgaTicus cepaestipes Auct. p. p. 

Lepiota cepaestipes Auct. p. p. 

Gregarious, caespitose or solitary. Pileus 1-3 cm. or more broad, 

at first conical, then campanulate, finally subumbonate; surface dry, 

sulphur-yellow to deep yellow, covered with concolorous minute 

granular fugadous flocci, long plicate-sulcate on the margin; context 

thin, membranous, concolorous, taste none, odour none or somewhat 

disagreeable; lamellae free, slightly paler or subconcolorous, 

rather narrow, rather crowded; stipe 4-8 cm. or more long, 2-4 mm. 

thick, attenuated upward, bulbous at the base, concolorous, powdery,


apex smooth; annulus membranous, apical, concolorous; spores white 

in mass, ovoid, smooth, 8-10 x 6-7.5!1. 

Hab. on cocoanut fibre of orchid bed in greenhouse. Summer 

to autumn, or all seasons. Ishikari (Sapporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, Ceylon? 

Jap. name. Kogane-kinukarakasatake (n. n.). 

15. Lepiota pseudo.licmophora REA 

Brit. Basid. 74, 1922. 

Lepiota licmophora (non B. et BR., SACC., nee PETCH) KAWAMURA, Ill. 

Ja.p. Fung . .pI. 4, f. 20-23, 1912. 

[SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. ed. 2, 319, 1917; ed. 3, 186, 1927] 

Solitary or gregarious. Pileus 2-4 cm. broad, conical, then campanulate, 

finally plane or slightly depllessed, membranous, very thin; 

surface lemon-yellow, deep yellow or sometimes yellowish, radially 

plicate-sulcate nearly to the center, disc smooth, crests of the ridges 

of su1cations clothed with concolorous or darker colored flocci, margin 

crenate; lamellae remote, narrow, concolorous or slightly paler, distant; 

stipe 4-8 cm. or more long, 2-3 mm. thick, attenuated upward, 

concolorous, subglabrous or slightly furfuraceous, tomentose at the 

base, hollow; annulus median, subconcolorous, fugacious; spores 

white in mass, broadly ellipsoidal, 10-12.5 x 7.5-10 fl. 

Hab. on the ground among the grass under trees or in hot 

houses. Summer. Teshio (Yakishiri IsI.). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe (England). 

Jap. name. Kitsune-no-hanagasa (KAWAMURA). 

Subgen. Limacella (EARLE) IMAI, nom. nov. 

Limacella (ut gen.) EARLE, 1. e. 1909. 

Amanita § Limacella GILBERT, Genre Amanita, 158, 1918. 

Pileus stipesque udo viscidus. 

16. Lepiota subglischra IMAI, sp. nov. 

Solitaria. Pileo 2.5-3.5 cm. lato, subumbonato dein expanso, 

umbonato, udo viscossissimo, flavido vel pallide aurantiaco, margine 

pallido, levi, glabro, cute· facile separabili; velo viscido, concolori; 

carne grisea, carnosa, odore saporeque nullo; lamellis liberis, flavi-

46 

SANSHI IMAI 

duIis, confertis, 3 mm. latis; stipite 3.5-5.5 cm. longo, 3-5 mm. crasso, 

subaequali vel sursum liviter attenuato, supra annulam sicco albido, 

infra annul am cute viscida flavidula tecto, solido vel farcto; sporis 

in cumulo albis, globosis vel subglobosis, 3-4.5.u. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Late summer. Ishikari (Sapporo) 

. 


Jap. name. Numeri-karakasatake (n. n.). 

The present fungus is closely allied to Lepiota glischra MORG., 

from which it is distinguished by the brighter colored umbonate 

pileus. However, it may be only a form of this American species, 

and requires further critical studies on the relation between them. 

Tribe Armillarieae lMAI, nom. nov. 

Fructificatio juvenile vol universali fugacissime veloque partiali 

subpersistente tecto. Pileus cum stipite carnosi confluentus et 

homogeneus. Lamellae moUes, carnosae,· cum stipite adhaerentes. 

Sporae in cumulo albae. 

Key to the genera. 

1. Partial veil usually remaining as a subpersistent or persistent membranous 

annulus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Armillaria. 

2. Partial veil remaining as an arachnoidal, fugacious annulus on the stipe 

and as a submembranous veil on the margin of pileus ........... Cortinellus 

Armillaria (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emu!. Montb. 2 ser. V, 60 & 74, 

1872. 

Agaricus § Armillaria FR. Syst. Myc. I, 26, 1821. 

Armillaria § Armillariella KARST. Hattsv. I, xii, 1879, p. p. 

Armillariella KARST. Finl. Basidsv. 45, 1889, p. p. 

Gyrophila § Armillaria QUEL. Ench. Fung. 9, 1886. 

Mucidula PAT. Hymen. Eur. 95, 1887. 

Oudemansiella SPEG. emend. v. HORN. Sitzungsb. Kaiser!. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 

CXVII, Aht. I, 1007, 1908; Ibid. CXIX, Aht. 1, 885, 1910, p. p. 

Chamaemyces BATT. ex EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 446. 1909. 

Polymyces BATT. ex EARLE, Ibid. 447, 1909. 

Sphaerocephalus BATT. ex EARLE, Ibid. 447, 1909. 

Calathelasma LOVEJ. Bot. Gaz. L, 383, 1910.


Fructification with an annulus. Pileus fleshy, regular, confluent 

and homogeneous with the fleshy stipe. Stipe central or rarely excentric, 

fleshy. Partial veil remaining as a membranous, persistent 

or rarely fugacious, adnate annulus when matured. Universal veil 

very fugacious. Lamellae attached to the stipe, fleshy, soft. Spores 

white in mass. 

Type species: Aga,ricus (Armillaria) robustus AJ.. et S. ex FR. 

Key to the subgenera and species in Hokkaido. 

1. Stipe fleshy. 

A. Lamellae sinuato-adnexed .................... Subgen. VerarmiUaria. 

1. Fructification brown, large; stipe usually enlarged toward the base . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. A. Matsutake (1). 

2. Fructification brown, medium in size; stipe usually attenuated at 

the base ........................................ A. caligata(2). 

B. Lamellae attenuated behind, decurrent .......... Subgen. Armillariella. 

1. Growing on wood. 

a. Stipe central; pileus honey-yellow to reddish or dark brown ... 

............................................. A. mellea(3). 

b. Stipe €xcentric; pileus white to avellaneous or yellowish; spores 

cylindrical oblong ...........................• 4. corticata(4). 

c. Stipe almost lateral; pileus variable in color; spores globose ... 

........................................... A. japonica(S). 

2. . Growing on the ground; pileus whitish, yellowish or brownish; stipe 

ventricose .................................... A. ventricosa(6). 

II. Stipe subcartilaginous external, rigid .................. Subgen. Mucidula. 

A. Pileus white to yellowish, viscid when wet ............. A. ?nucida(7). 

Subgen. Verarmillaria lMAI, nom. nov. 

Agaricus § Armilla?·ia § Tricholomata annulata FR. Epicr. Myc. 20, 1838. 

Stipes carnosus. Lamellae sinuato-adnexae. 

1. Armillaria Matsutake S. ITO et lMAI 

Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXXIX, 327, 1925-ZELLER & TOGASHI, Mycologia, 

XXVI, 545, cum 3 fig. 1934. 

[SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. ed. 3, 23, 1927-MATSUURA & KANADA, Trans. 

Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 118, 1931] 

Agaricus (Armillaria) edodes (non BERK.) SCHROET. Gartenfl. XXXV, 135, 

1886.


Agaricus caussettus var. guttatus BARLA, Champ. Nice, 17, pI. 10, 1859. 

Agaricus (Armillaria) caligatu8 FR. Hymen. Eur. 41, 1874-CKE. & QUEL. 

Clavis Hymen. 7, 1878. 

'lGyrophila (Armillaria) ruia QUEL. Ench. Fung. 9, 1886. 

Tricholoma caligatum RICKEN, Bliitterp. 331, 1915. 

Solitary or gregarious, edible. Pileus 4-10 em. broad, convex 

then expanded; surface brown or chestnut-brown, covered with appressed, 

denticulate, darker squamules on the disc, margin paler and 

floccosely squamulose with white appendiculate veil; context white, 

firm, rather thick, odour not strong, taste mild or slightly bitterish; 

lamellae sinuate or adnexed with a decurrent tooth, white, crowded; 

stipe 5-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, nearly equal, but attenuated at 

the base, white and mealy above the annulus, concolorous and floccosely 

squamulose below the annulus, solid; annulus membranous, 

superior, white on the upper surface, concolorous and squamulose 

on the under surface, rather narrow; spores white in mass, short 

ellipsoidal or spherical-ovoid, 5-7 x 4-5 fl, smooth. 

Hab. on the ground in coniferous woods. Autumn. Kushiro 

(Mt. Meakan). 


Jap. name. Matsutake-modoki (KAWAMURA). 

Subgen. Armillariella KARST. 

1. c. 1879. 

Agaricus § Armillaria § Clitocybe annulatae FR. Epicr. Myc. 22, 1838. 

Stipe fleshy. Lamellae attenuate behind, decurrent. 

3. Armillaria mellea (VAHL ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Month. 2 ser. V, 75, 1872- 

GILL. Hymen. Fr. 83, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 21, 1879-SACC. Syll. 

Fung. V, 80, 1887; ,FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 94, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. 

Marit. 38, pI. 21, 22, 1888-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 668, 1889-MAss. Brit. 

Fung. Fl. III, 223, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 83, f. 85, 1903-W. G. SM. 

Brit. Basid. 30, 1908-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 6, f. 24-25, 1913-KAUFFM. 

Agar. Mich. 653, pI. 138-140, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 108, 1922. 

[Po RENN. Hedw. XXXIX, (156), 1900-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. I, 131, 1904 

-SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. 9, 1905; ed. 2, 51, 1917; ed. 3,23, 1927-KAWAMURA, 

Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXIII, (166), f. 1, 1909] 

Agaricus putridus ScoP. FI. Carn. ed. 2, II, 420, 1772 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus melleus VAHL, FI. Dan. pI. 1013, 1792 (teste FR.).

STUDIES ON THE AGARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. 1. 

Agaricus dimidiatus SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 57, pI. 233, 1774. 

Agaricus dryinus PERS. Syn. Fung. 478, 180l. 

Agaricus (Pleurotus) corticatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 179, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

129, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 166, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 290, 1883-WINT. 

Die Pilze, I, 739, 1884. 

A.gU1°icus (Pleurotus) dryinu8 FR. Ibid. I, 180, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 129, 1838; 

Hymen. Eur. 167, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 226, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 739, 1884. 

Pleu1'otus corticatus QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. 

Montb. 2 ser. V, 111, 1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 339, 1874-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 

339, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 317, 1915-MASS: Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 364, 

1893-RICKEN, BHitterp. 446, pI. 112, f. 5, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 441, 1922- 

LANGE, Agar. Denm. VIII, 25, 1830. 

Pleurotus dryinus QUEL .. Ibid. 111, 1872; Ench. Fung. 146, 1886-GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 340, 1874-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 340, 1887-ATKINS. Mushrooms, 

ed. 2, 105, f. 109-110, 1903-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 445, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 442, 

1922. 

Pleurotus corticatus var. tephrotrichus GILL. Hymen. Fr. 340, 1874-SACC. 

Syll. Fung. V, 340, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 318, 1915-BRES. Icon. Myc. 

VI, pI. 277, 1928. 

Armillaria corticata var. tephrotricha KARST. Hattsv. I, 23, 1879. 

Armillaria dryina KARST. Ibid. 23, 1879-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 654, 1918. 

Armillaria dimidiata SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 667, 1889. 

Pleurotus dimidiatus MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. X, 35, 1914-SACC. Fl. 

Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 318, 1915. 

Pleurotus corticatus var. Albertinii REA, Brit. Basid. 441, 1922. 

Solitary or caespitose, edible. Pileus 5-20 cm. broad, convex, 

then expanded, obtuse or depressed, dimidiate to subcircular; surface 

dry, dull-white or grayish-white, sometimes tinged with yellowish 

color, finely flocculose at first, then the pellicle breaks up into scalelike 

areas or densely covered with gray or brownish-gray colored 

floccose scales, margin involute and appendiculate at first, then floccose; 

context white, thick, firm, odour slightly farinaceous, taste mild; 

lamellae deeply decurrent, anastomosing on the stipe, subdistant, 

white, then becoming yellowish, edge entire or slightly waved, rather 

broad; stipeexcentric or nearly lateral, 2-12 cm. long, 1-3 cm. thick, 

subequal, radicate, stout, white or tinged with yellowish color, 

tomentose or floccose, firm, solid; annulus white, silky-floccose, 

moderateJy thick, soon becoming inconspicuous; spores white in mass, 

cylindrical-oblong, slightly curved and apiculate, 9-14 x 3.5-5 p . 

Hab. on wood in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Jozankei). 

51


Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Siberia, Europe, North America & 

Australia. 

Jap. name. Tsuba-hiratake (n. n.). 

5. ATmillaTia japonica (KAWAMURA) IMAI, comb. nov. 

Pleurotus noctilucens (non LEV.) INOKO, Mitteil. Mcd. Fac. KaiserI. Jap. 

Univ. Tokyo, I, 210, 1889. 

Pleurotus japonicus KAWAMURA; Journ. CoIl. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, XXXV, 

(3), 2, pI. 1-2, 1915; Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 18, f. 17-19, 1925. 

[KAWAMURA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXIV, (278), 1910-YASUDA, Bot. Mag. 

(Tokyo), XXVIII, (356), 1914-SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. cd. 2, 467, 1917; cd. 8, 

285, 1927-MATSUURA & KANADA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 116, 1931] 

Caespitosely imbricate or gregarious, luminous, poisonous. 

Pileus 6-23 em. broad, at first exoentric; then almost lateral, at first 

sphaerical, then hemisphaerical or reniform, at first convex, then 

expanded to plane or slightly depressed; surfa·oe' variable in color, 

when young orange-cinnamon and with ligulate squamules on the 

center and with fibrous squamules on the margin, then becoming 

somewhat paler, at length tinged with dark brown or dark purple 

colored spots. and floccose-scaly which are distinct in th8! basal or 

central part and become smaller and less conspicuous toward the 

margin; context at first yellowish, then whitish, with a blackish tint 

at the stipe, thick, up to 2 cm. thick, taste none', odour at first none 

then somewhat foetid; lamellae yellow at first then whitish, broad, 

up to 2 cm. broad, at first long decurrent, at length sinuato-decurrent, 

adnato-decurrent or decurrent, often forked near the stipe and all 

ending abruptly in a line of the remnant of the partial veil in the 

upper part of stipe, or sometimes extending far down on the stipe 

in a line-like prominence, subdistant or somewhat crowded; stipe up 

to 2.5 cm. long and 3 cm. or more thick, at first excentric, then 

almost lateral, short, stout, firm, tough; annulus conspicuous when 

young, narrow thick membranous, remaining as a raised ring at the 

end of lamellae; spores white in mass or slightly ting'led lilac, globose, 

13-17 fJ , smooth. 

Hab. on dead beech and maple-trunks in woods. Autumn. 

Oshima (Onomura), Iburi (Oshamambe), Ishikari (Mt. Soronuma). 


Jap. name. Tsukiyo-take (KAWAMURA), Kumabera (KAWA 

MURA). 

•


6. Armillaria ventricosa PK. 

Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, XXXIV, 104, 1907-MuRRILL, North Amer. 

FI. X, 37, 1914-PATTERS. & CHARL. Mushrooms Comm. Fung. 12, pI. 9, 1915. 

[KAWAMURA, Jap. Fung. no. 190, 1929-MATSUURA & KANADA, Trans. 

Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 119, 1931J 

Lentinu8 ventricOsu8 PR. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, XXIII, 414, 1896. 

Armilla;ria gigantea YASUDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXXII, (204), 1918, 

nom. seminud.; Ibid. XXXVI, 90, cum icone, 1922. 

[SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. ed. 3, 23, 1927J 

Solitary or gregarious, edible,. Pileus 8-20 cm. or more "broad, 

convex, then expanded, obtuse; surface whitish, yellowish or brownish, 

sometimes brown in the center, smooth, slightly viscid when wet, 

glabrous or slightly silky fibrous, especially on the margin, shining 

when dry, margin incurved and with white floccose veil when young; 

context white, fleshy, firm, taste mild, odour slight; lamellae long 

decurrent, white or yellowish, narrow, close, often forked; stipe 19- 

21 cm. or more long, 2-4 cm. thick, attenuated upward and downward, 

ventricose, subconcolorous, glabrous or slightly scaly or with 

drab-brown colored small patch-like scales just below the annulus, 

white and fibrous above the annulus, solid; annulus white or rarely 

faintly colored with yellow on the under surface, floccosely membranous, 

superior, subpersistent; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 

smooth, 9-11 X 5-6 p . 

Hab. on the ground in coniferous woods. Late summer to 

autumn. Ishikari (Mt. Soranuma), Kitami (Oketo forest), Kushiro 

(Akan). 

Distr. Japan (South Saghalien, Hokkaido, Honshu), North 

America. 

Jap. name. Momitake (KAWAMURA), Sendai-samatsu (YASUDA). 

Subgen. Mucidula (PAT.) IMAI, nom. nov. 

Agaricus § Armillaria § ColZybiae annulatae FR. Epicr. Myc. 24, 1838. 

Mucidula (ut gen.) PAT. 1. c. 1887. 

Chamaerruyces BATT. in EARLE, I. c. 1909. 

Oudemansiella SPEG. emend. v. HOHN. 1. c. 1910, p. p. 

Stipes extus subcartilaginus. 

7. Armillaria mucida (SCHRAD. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 2 ser. V, 75, 1872- 

GILL. Hymen. Fr. 77, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 24, 1879-SACC. Syll.

56 SANSHIIMAI 

Cortinellus Shiitake P. HENN. Not. Konigl. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin, II, 385, 

1899; in ENGLERS Bot. Jahrb. XXVIII, 270, 1901-SHIRAI, in MATSUM. & MIYOS. 

Crypt. Jap. Icon. Ill. III, pI. 46, 1900-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 10, f. 1-4, 

1914. 

[KUSANO, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XIV, (225), 1900-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. 

1,137, 1904-SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. 26, 1905; ed. 2, 177, 1917-UMEMURA, Bot. 

Mag. (Tokyo), XXVI, (152), 1912; PI. Fujiyama. 366, 1923-MATSUURA & 

KANADA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 118" 1931] 

Tricholoma Shiitake RAMSB. Handb. Larger Brit. Fung. 73, 1923. 

Shitaker cortinellus LLOYD, Myc. Notes, No. 71, 1266, 1924. 

Cortinellus Berkeleyanus S. ITO et IMAI, Journ. Soc. Agr. Forest. Sapporo, 

XVII, 161, 1925; Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXXIX, 326, pl. 6, 1925. 

[SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. ed. 3, 104, 1927] 

Gregarious, edible. Pileus 4-20 cm. or more broad, convex, then 

plane, sometime,s slightly depressed at the center, margin incurved 

at first, at length upturned; surface light brown or blackish brown, 

darker at the center, with dark colored scales, often provided with 

irrgeular, more or l'ess reticulated deep fissures, whitish or light buff 

colored tomentose on the margin in young stage, in maturity the 

remnant of veil present on the peripheral part, about 5 mm. apart 

from the margin; context white, often becoming brownish, thick, 

fleshy, taste pleasant, odour slight but becoming very strong with 

drying; lamellae fleshy, white, but occasionally becoming blackish 

brown on old or wounded portions, rather broad, edge entire or 

slightly wavy, moderately crowded, generally sinuate; stipe 3-10 cm. 

long, 8-20 mm. thick, equal or slightly attenuated downward, rarely 

bulbous at the base, generally central, but often becoming excentric 

by the position of substratum, whitish or dull yellowish, fibrous externally, 

in young stage covered with woolly tomentum of the remnant 

of the annulus, often with partial fissures transversally, solid, 

fibrous within; annulus woolly, conspicuous when young, then evanescent, 

not membranous; veil conspicuous in young stage; spores white 

in mass, ellipsoidal, smooth, 5-7 x 3.5-4.u; cystidia present on the 

edge of lamella, broadly clavate or capitate, 9-14.u wide, colourless, 

contents granular. 

Hab. on the trunks of various kinds of trees. Late spring to 

autumn. All over the Island of Hokkaido. 

Distr. Japan and China. 

Jap. name. Shiitake (BERKELEY). 

The present writer, in cooperation with Prof. ITO, detected and 

reported in 1925 that the scie1J.tific name of "Shiitake" should be

.. 

58 SANSHIIMAI 

attachment to the stipe, narrow, thin, crowded, edge sulphur-yellow 

colored flocculose and minutely serrulate; stipe 5-14 cm. long, 5- 

30 mm. thick, attenuated upward or subequal, curved, often excentric, 

light yellow or yellow, besprinkled with concolorous minute tomentose 

scales or subglabrous, yellow and hollow within; spores white 

in mass, globose, subglobose or subellipsoidal, 5-8 x 4-7 fl, smooth. 

Hab. on dead wood in woods. Autumn. Oshima (Onomura), 

Ishikari (NoPPQro, Sapporo), Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu), Kushiro 

(Lake side of Akan). 



Jap. name. Sarnatsumodoki (KAWAMURA). 

3. C01'tinellus decorus (FR.) KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 25, 1879-MuRRILL, North Amer. Fl. X, 33, 1914. 

Agaricus fiavovirens FR. Obs. Myc. I, 25, 1815 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) decorus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 108, 1821. 

Agaricus (Pleurotus) decorus FR. Epicr. Myc. 130, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

168, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 739, 1884. 

Agaricus (Tricholoma) multipunctus PK. 25 Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 73, 

1873. 

Clitocybe decora GILL. Hymen. Fr. 171, 1874-KAuFFM. Agar. Mich. 724, 

1918. 

Tricholoma decorum QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. 11 Suppl. 3, 1882-KARST. 

Finl. Basidsv. 52, 1889-REA, Brit. Basid. 219, 1922. 

Gyrophila decora QUEL. Ench. Fung. 11, 1886. 

Tricholoma multipunctum SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 96, 1887. 

Pleurotus decorus SACCo Syl1. Fung. V, 342, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 

320, 1915-A. L. SM. & REA, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. II, 128, pl. 10, 1905-RICKEN, 

Bliitterp. 448, 1915. 

Gregarious, subcaespitose or solitary, edible. Pileus 3-6 cm. or 

more broad, convex, then expanded, depressed at the oenter, rather 

strongly incurved at the margin; surface moist, yellow, sometimes 

tinged with brownish or olivaceous colors, covered with dense, innate, 

fibrillose, minute, blackish or brownish scales, disc usually 

darker; context yellowish, rather thin, odour mild, taste mild or 

bitterish; lamellae adnate with a decurrent tooth or adnate, yellow, 

not change in color, crowded; stipe 3-6.5 cm. long, 4-7 mm. thick, 

equal or slightly enlarged toward the base, subconcolorous, then 

darker at the base, innately silky fibrillose, hollow; spores white in 

mass, broadly ellipsoidal, 5-6 x 4-5 fl.

60 

SANSHI IMAI 

SACCo Syl1. Fung. v, 99, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 120, 1915-MASS. Brit. 

Fung. Flo III, 190, 1893-RoLLAND, Atlas ·Champ. 26, f. 36, 1910-RICKEN, 

Bliitterp. 336, pI. 89, f. 1, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 692, 1918-REA, Brit. 

Basid. 221, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. II, pI. 71, 1927. 

Gyrophila (Tricholoma) columbetta QUEL. Ench. Fung. 12, 1886. 

Gregarious or solitary, edible. Pileus 3-10 cm. broad, convex, 

then expanded, subumbonate or plane, obtuse; surface pure white, 

rarely tinged with grayish or mouse-color, satiny-shining, dry, 

glabrous at first, then silky fibrillose or innately scaly, margin at 

first incurved and tomentose; context white, rather thin, taste and 

odour mild; lamellae sinuate or almost free, white, not changing in 

color, close, rather broad, often waved and transversely split at the 

edge; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 7-15 mm. thick, equal or unequal, not 

bulbous at the base, white, shining, fibrous. externally or fibrilloselystriate, 

often longitudinally cracked, sometimes besprinkled with a 

remnant of a veil, solid; spores white in mass, subovate or broadly 

ellipsoidal, 6-7 x 4-5 flo • 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (N opporo) . 


Jap. name. Shiro-ke-shimeji (n. n.). 

6. Cortinellus squarrulosus (BRES.) IMAI, comb. nov. 

Tricholoma squarrulosum BRES. Fung. Trid. II, 47, pI. 152, 1898; Icon. Myc. 

II, pI. 80, 1927-SACC. Syll. Fung. XVI, 21, 1902; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 128, 

1915-A. L. SM. & REA, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. II, 62, pI. 4, f. 1, 1904-W. G. 

SM. Brit. Basid. 36, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 25, f. 34, 1910-REA, Brit. 

Basid. 225, 1922. 

Solitary or scattered, edible. Pileus 4-8 cm. hroad, convex, then 

expanded, subumbonate; surface dry, whitish or yellowish in the 

ground color, besprinkled with numerous, blackish squamules, that 

become fuscous ov,er the surface of pileus, squamules adhere with 

each other and are dense on the center, that give black color, margin 

floccose scaly and paler in color; context whitish or grayish, odour 

and taste none; lamellae almost free, white, 5-6 mm. broad, crowded; 

stipe 4-10 cm. long, 6-10 mm. thick, gradually enlarged toward the 

base, and subbulbous at the base, up to 1.5 cm. thick, concolorous, 

covered with blackish or fuscous, rather fibrous squamules, stuffed 

or slightly hollow; spores white in mass, pip-shaped or ellipsoidal, 

7-9 x 4-5 flo, with a large central gutta.



Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe. 

Jap. name. Kuroge-shimeji (n. n.). 

7. Cortinellus terreus (SCHAEFF. ex FR.) KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 29, 1879. 

Agaricus terreus SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 28, pl. 64, 1774 (teste 

FR.)-SOW. Engl. Fung. pI. 76, 1797 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus argyraceu8 BULL. Champ. Fr. pl. 423, f. 1, pI. 513, f. 2, 1791 (teste 

FR.). 

Agaricus (Tricholoma) terreu8 FR. Epicr. Myc. 34, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 57, 

1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 821, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 662, 1889. 

Tricholoma terreum QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. 

Month. 2 ser. V, 79, 1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 100, cum icone, 1874-SACC. Syll. 

Fung. V, 104, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 129, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. 

Marit. 49, pI. 36, f. 1-13, 1890-MAss. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 195, 1893-RICKEN, 

Bliitterp. 339, pI. 92, f. 4, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 696, pI. 149, 1918-REA, 

Brit. Basid. 223, 1922-BREs. Icon. Myc. II, pI. 7.5, 1927-LANGE, Agar. Denm. 

IX, 21, 1933. 

Cortinellus multiformis MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. X, 34, 1914. 

Gregarious or subcaespitose, edible. Pileus 3-8 cm. broad, convex-campanulate, 

then expanded to umbonate; surface dry, gray, 

grayish-brown or fuscous, black at the center, innately fibrillose to 

fibrillose-squamulose, not striate; context white, tinged with gray 

near pellicle, rather thin, odour farinaceous, taste mild; lamellae 

emarginate or adnexed, crowded, rather broad, white, then grayish; 

stipe 4-8 cm.long, 7-15 mm. thick, equal, white, whitish or gray, fioccos 

ely fibrillose, apex white and pruinose, solid or fibrous-stuffed; 

spores white in mass, broadly ellipsoidal, 5-6 x 4-5 f1-, smooth. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Late summer to autumn. Iburi 

(Lake side of Shikotsu). 


Jap. name. Kuma-shimeji (n. n.). 

8. Cortinellus vaccinus (SCHAEFF. ex FR.) ROZE 

Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. XXIII, 113, 1876-KARST. Hattsv. I, 28, 1879- 

SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 667, 1889-MuRRILL, North Amer. FI. X, 35, 1914 . 

• Agaricus vaccinus SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 13, pI. 25, 1774-PERS. 

Syn. Fung. 293, 1801. 

Agaricus (Tricholoma) vaccinus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 42, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

33, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 56, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 60, 1883-WINT. Die 

Pilze, I, 822, 1884.

62 

SANSHI IMAI 

Agaricus (Tricholorna) inoderrneu8 FR. Monogr. Hymen. Suec. I, 66, 1857; 

Hymen. Eur. 57, 1874. 

Tricholorna vaccinurn QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. 

Montb. 2 ser. V, 79, 1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 97, cum icone, 1874-SACC. Sy1I. 

Fung. V, 102, 1887; Flo Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 127, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. 

III, 191, 1893-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 23, f. 28, 1910-RlCKEN, BHitterp. 340, 

pI. 90, f. 4, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 693, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 222, 1922 

-BRES. Icon. Myc. II, pI. 73, 1927, 

GY7'ophila (Tricholorna) vaccina QUEL. Ench. Fung. 12, 1886. 

Tricholorna inoderrneurn SACCo Sy11. Fung, V, 103, 1887. 

Gregarious, edible. Pileus 3-8 cm. broad, conical to campanulate, 

then expanded to umbonate; surface dry, cinnamon-rufous to dark 

reddish brown, lighter toward the margin, densely covered with adpressed 

fibrillose scales, disc adpressedly fibrillose, margin at first 

involute and light ochraceous-salmon colored woolly tomentose; context 

rather thin except the disc, at first white, becoming tinged with 

rufous hues when bruised, taste mild or astringentish, odour faint; 

lameilae adnate then sinuate, somewhat distant, pallid or yellowigh, 

then rufescent in age or when bruised; stipe 5-8 cm. long, 6-15 mm. 

thick,equal or subequal, somewhat irregular, thickened and fusiformly 

attenuated at the base, fibrillose, white or whitish and mealy 

above, reddish-brown below, rufescent when bruised, stuffed at first, 

then hollow; spores white in mass, subglobose or broadly ellipsoidal, 

6-8 x 4-6 fl, usually with a central gutta. 

Hab. on the ground in woods, especially of conifers. Autumn. 

Oshima (Onomura), Ishikari (J6zankei, Nopporo), Kushiro (Lake 

side of Akan). 


Jap. name. Kuda-akage-shimeji (n. n.). 

9. Cortinellus imbricatus (FR.) KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 27, 1879. 

Agaricus (Tricholorna) irnb1'icatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 42, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

33,1838; Hymen. Eur. 56, 1874-BERK. Outlo Brit. Fung. 99, pl.,4, f. 3, 1860- 

CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 199, 1883-WlNT. Die Pilze, I, 822, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze 

Sch1es. I, 662, 1889. 

Tricholoma irnbricaturn QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. 

Montb. 2 ser. V, 79, 1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 99, cum icone, 1874-SACC. Sy11. 

Fung. V, 101, 1887; Flo Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 127, 1915-RICKEN, B1atterp. 341, 

pI. 90, f. 1, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 693, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 222, 1922 

-BRES. Icon. Myc. II, pI. 72, 1927.


mass, ellipsoidal or subobovate, 6.5-8.5 x 5 f1" with a large central 

gutta. 

Hab. on the ground in woods, especially under conifers. 

Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo). 


Jap. name. Hida-hoteitake (IMAI). 

Tribe Trichotomateae lMAI, nom. nov. 

Tricholomees KONR. et MAUBL. Icon. Sel. Fung. 29 & 297, 1924-35, p. p. 

Fructificatio juvenile veIis universali partialique fugacissimis 

raro tecta vel nulla. Pileus cum stipite carnosi confluentus et homogeneus. 

Lamellae moUes, carnosae, cum stipite adhaerentes. Sporae in 

cumulo albae vel raro leviter incarnatae. " 

Kev to the genera. 

I. Lamellae not becoming white powdery when dried. 

1. Lamellae sinuate, emarginate or adnexed ................ Tricholoma. 

2. Lamellae decurrent, adnato-decurrent by a tooth ............ Clitocybe. 

II. Lamellae becoming white powdery when dried, adnexed or decurrent ...... . 

Laccaria. 

Tricholoma (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D' Ernul. Month. 2 ser. V, 61 & 

76, 1872. 

Agarictts § Tricholoma FR. Syst. Myc. I, 36, 1821. 

Gyrophila § Tricholoma QUEL. Ench. Fung. 10, 1886. 

Melaleuca PAT. Hymen. Eur. 96, 1887. 

Melanoleuca PAT. Tax. Hymen. 159, 1900. 

Glutinaster EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 433, 1909. 

MicTomphale MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 307, 1916, p. p. 

Fructification without volva and annulus. Pileus fleshy, regular, 

confluent and homogeneous with the fleshy stipe. Stipe central, 

fleshy. Universal veil adnate, very fugacious. Lamellae fleshy, 

sinuate, emarginate or adnexed, rarely varying to adnate, rarely 

separable from the context of pileus. Spores white in mass or rarely 

sordid white. 

Type species: Agaricus (Tricholoma) equestris L. ex FR. 

•

• 


Key to the subgenera, sections and species in Hokkaido. 

1. Stipe usually central, fibrous-fleshy; pileus fibrillose, dry, or more or less 

viscid, not hygrophanous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Subgen. Eutricholoma. 

A. Pileus more or less viscid, innate fibrillose or squamulose ............ . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Limacina. 

1. Lamellae not changing color. 

a. Pileus yellowish, sulphur-olive or olivaceous, smooth or subsquamose; 

lamellae bright yellow. . . . . . . . . . .. T. equestre (1) . 

b. Pileus light yellow, streaked with innate fuscous fibrils; 

lamellae whitish, slightly tinged with yellow .. T. sejunctum(2). 

2. Lamellae changing color, generally with reddish spots. 

a. Pileus brown or chestnut, streaked with innate fibrils; growing 

in coniferous woods .................... T. albobrunneum(3). 

b. Pileus bay-brown or rufescent, granulate or guttato-spotted; 

growing in coniferous woods ............ T. pessundatum(4). 

3. Lamellae changing color, from purplish to brownish ............. . 

· .................................... " T. porphyrophillum(5). 

B. Pileus puncta to-granulate or broken up into glabrous squamules when 

dry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Rigida. 

1. Lamellae white or pallid, not -spotted; pileus blackish, ·rigid ......• 

......................................... T. cartilagineum(6). 

C. Pileus fleshy, soft, fragile, spotted or rivulose .......... Sect. Guttata. 

1. Vernal; pileus whitish, ochraceous or yellowish; stipe glabrous, 

usually enlarged at the base; lamellae whitish .. T. gambo8um(7). 

2. Occurs in summer to autumn; pileus whitish; stipe fuscousverrucose. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. T. vM'rucipes ( 8) . 

D. Pileus tenaceous, glabrous, even; lamellae sinuate, adnexed or subdecurrent; 

fructification often caespitose ............ Sect. Aggregata. 

1. Pileus whitish, grayish or blackish, white pruinose .......... , ... . 

· ........................................ , T. conglobatum(9). 

2. Pileus blackish, usually tigrinous, white pruinose ........ -........ . 

· ... " ...........................•... '.' . . . .. T. humo8um(10). 

II. Stipe usually central, more or less subcartilaginous; pileus hygrophanous; 

spores white in mass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Subgen. Melaleuca. 

A. Fructification usually large; pileus sayal-brown; stipe whitish, striate . 

.......................................... T. grammopodium(ll). 

B. Fructification usually medium size; pileus fuliginous or avellaneous; 

stipe white .................................... T. melaleucum(12). 

In. Stipe usually central; pileus usually dry; spores slightly tinged with rose 

hue in mass or whitish ........................ " Subgen. Rhodopaxillus. 

A. Fructification usually large; pileus somewhat violaceous, soon fading 

to tan-color or whitish i. lamellae violaceous soon fading; stipe usually 

subbulbous at the base ........................ , T. personatum (13). 

B. Fructification usually of medium size, violaceous, then fading; lamellae 

blue or pale-lilac, then fading ....................... T. nudum(14) •


IV. Stipe usually excentric or subcentral, truncigenous; pileus dry or moist, 

glabrous; spores white in mass .................... Subgen. Micromphale. 

1. Pileus glabrous, whitish, grayish, yellowish or brownish, often marbled 

with rounded livid spots .......................... T. ulmarium(15). 

Subgen. Eutricholoma LANGE emend. IMAI 

Tricholoma § Eutricholoma LANGE Agar. Denm. IX, 8, 1933, p. p. 

Pileus fibrillosus, siccus vel viscidus, non hygrophanus. Stipes 

fibrilloso-carnosus. Sporae in cumulo albae. 

Sect. Limacina (FR.) IMAI, nom. nov. 

Agaricus § Tricholoma § Tricholomata limacina FR. Syst. Myc. I, 36, 1821. 

Pileus viscid us, innato-fibriIlosus vel squamulosus. 

1. Tricholoma equestre (L. ex FR.) QUEL. 


GILL. Hymen. Fr. 94, cum icone, 1874-KARsT. Hattsv. I, 30, 1879-SACC. Syll. 

Fung. V, 87, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 113, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. 

Marit. 41, pI. 24, f. 1-12, 1890-MAss. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 177, 1893-W. G. SM. 

Brit. Basid. 32, 1908-MuRRILL, Mycologia, I, 2, pI. 1, f. 3, 1909-RoLLAND, Atlas 

Champ. 22, f. 24, 1910-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 7, f. 26-28, 1913-RICKEN, 

Blatterp. 335, pl. 90, f. 3, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 682, 1918-REA, Brit. 

Basid. 215, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. II, pI. 53, 1927-LANGE, Agar. Denm. IX, 16, 

1933. 

[SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. ed. 2, 665, 1917; ed. 3, 397, 1927-UMEMURA, PI. 

Fujiyama. 371, 1923-MATSUURA & KANADA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 

117, 1931] 

Agaricus equest1'is ·L. Sp. PI. 1173, 1753 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus aureus SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 19, pI. 41, 1774 (teste 

FR.). 

Agaricus (Gymnopus) fiavovirens PERS. Syn. Fung. 319, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Ag.aricus (Tricholoma) equestris FR. Elench. Fung. 1,6, 1828; Epicr. Myc. 

26, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 48, 1874-BElRK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 97, pI. 4, f. 2, 1860 

-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 72, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 829, 1884-SCHROET. 


Gyrophila (Tricholoma) equestris QUEL. Ench. Fung. 10, 1886. 

Melanoleuca equestris MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. X, 24, 1914. 

Gregarious or subcaespitose, edible. Pileus 5-10 cm. broad, convex, 

then expanded to subumbonate; surface viscid when wet, pale 

yellow or lemon-yellow, besprinkled with reddish or fuscous squamules


7. Tricholoma gambosum (FR.) GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 116, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 45, 1879-SACC. 

Syll. Fung. V, 120, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 141, 1915-BARLA, Champ. 

Alp. Marit. 54, pl. 41, f. 1-7, 1890-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 208, 1893-W. G. 

SM. Brit. Basid. 40, 1908-REA, Brit. Basid. 232, 1922-LANGE, Agar. Denm. 

IX, 28, 1933. 

[KAWAMURA, Jap. Fung. no. 237, 1929] 

Agaricus Georgii L. Sp. PI. 1173, 1753. 

Agaricus mouceron BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 142, 1791. 

Agaricus graveolens Sow. EngI. Fung. pI. 281, 1803 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Tricholoma) gambosu8 FR. Syst. Myc. I, 50, 1821; Epier. Myc. 

43, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 66, 1874-BERK. Out!. Brit. Fung. 104, pI. 4, f. 5, 1860 

-CKE. Handh. Brit. Fung. I, 31, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 63, 1883-WINT. Die 

Pilze, I, 814, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 659, 1889. 

Agaricus (Tricholoma) Georgii FR. Epicr. Myc. 43, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 


Agaricus (Tricholoma) albellus FR. Epier. Myc. 43, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 67, 


Tricholoma Georgii QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. 

Month. 2 sere V, 81, 1872-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 120, 1887-BARLA, Champ. Alp. 

Marit. 55, pl. 41, f. 8-11, 1890-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 25, f. 35, 1910-RICKEN, 

Bliitterp. 350, pI. 95, f. 2, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 232, 1922. 

Tricholoma albellum QUEL. Ibid. 81, 1872-KARST. Hattsv. I, 45, 1879-SACC. 

Syll. Fung. V, 121, 1887; FI. ItaI. Crypt., Hymen. 142, 1915-BARLA, Champ. 

Alp. Marit. 55, pI. 41, f. 12-17, 1890-REA, Brit. Basid. 233, 1922. 

Gyrophila (Tricholoma) Georgii QUEL. Ench. Fung. 15, 1886. 

Tricholoma Mouceron SACCo FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 140, 1915. 

Gregarious or caespitose, edible. Pileus 4-12 cm. broad, hemispaerical, 

then convex to gibbous or nearly plane; surface white, 

whitish-gray, yellowish, yellowish-gray or ochraceous, undulate, 

smooth, subglabrous or subfloccose, margin incurved and subtomentose 

at first or almost naked; context white, thick, firm, odour 

farinaceous, taste mild; lamellae sinuate, white, then faintly yellowish, 

3-6 mm. wide, ventricose, crowded; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. 

thick, equal but enlarged at the base, white, then faintly yellowish, 

silky-fibrillose, apex white flocculose, solid; Spores white in mass, 

subellipsoidal, 5-6 x 3-4 ft . 

Hab. on the ground in woods or under trees. Early summer. 

Ishikari (Sapporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), China, Europe. 

Jap. name. YuMwari (KAWAMURA).


Agaricus conglobatus VITT. Fung. Mang. 349, 1835-FR. Epicr. Myc. 46, 

1838; Hymen. Eur. 69, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 814, 1884-SCHROET. PUze 

Schles. I, 660, 1889. 

Clitocybe conglobata BRES. Fung. Trid. I, 27, pI. 32, 1883-SACC. FI. Ital. 

Crypt., Hymen. 181, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 279, 1922-LANGE, Agar. Denm. 

VIII, 59, 1930. 

Tricholoma Shimeji KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 13, f. 8-10, 1915. 

Caespitose or gregarious, edible. Pileus 5-10 cm. broad, convex, 

then expanded, plane or slightly depressed; surface at first drab, 

olive-brown or blackish, then fading to avellaneous or drab at the 

center, paler on the margin, smooth, dry, but nearly viscid or hygrophanous 

in rainy weather, margin at first involute, thin and white 

pruinose, finally irregular and lobed; context white, fleshy, fragile, 

then tough, taste mild, odour faint; lamellae sinuate or adnate, sometimes 

with a decurrent tooth, whitish, then cream colored, crowded,. 

narrow; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, equal or thickened toward 

the base, at first conspicuously bulbous, often connate at the 

tuberous base, white or grayish, floccosely pulverulent, then smooth, 

solid; spores white in mass, globose, slightly rough, 4-6 f-l • 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Teinemura). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe, North America and 

Siberia. 

Jap. name. Shimeji (KAWAMURA). 

10. Tricholoma humosum (FR.) IMAI, comb. nov. 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) humosus FR. Epicr. Myc. 66, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 92, 

1874. 

Clitocybe humosus QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 

2 ser. V, 87, 1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 163, 1874-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 162, 1887. 

Caespitose or gregarious, edible. Pileus 3-10 cm. broad, convex 

then plane, gibbous, sometimes slightly umbonate, either circinate 

and regular or flexuose and undulate; surface light drab or drab to 

chaetura-drah when young, then discolered to drab or nearly cinnamon-buff 

at the center, often with powdery appearance to the naked 

eye, but under lens slightly silky adpressedly villose, margin shortly 

striate and grayish powdery but under lens it is silky adpressedly 

villose; context white, not blackening when touched or bruised, odour 

subfarinaceous or almost none, taste mild, firm, subcartilaginous;

74 

SANSHIIMAI 

lamellae adnexed, sinuate or decurrent, white, crowded, thin, rather 

narrow; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. thick, equal or slightly enlarged 

or rarely slightly attenuated at the base, whitish or smokygray, 

nearly fibrous, apex white and pruinose, often whitish furfuraceous 

all over the' surface, subcartilaginous, firm, solid; spores 

white in mass, globose, smooth, 6-7 ft • 

Hab. on humus ground in woods or under trees or rarely on 

roadsides. Summer to autumn. Ishikad (Sapporo). 


Jap. name. Usuzumi-shimeji (n. n.). 

The identification of this fungus has been confused becaus,e of 

the related species. BRESADOLA formerly considered the present 

species as identical with Agaricus conglobatus VITT. and later with 

Ag. cinemscens BULL. KONRAD and MAUBLANC treated it as a 

synonym of Ag. aggregatus SCHAEFF. The specimens at hand answer 

very wen to the description given by FRIES, except that they have a 

larger pileus. 

Subgen. Melaleuca (PAT.) IMAI, nom. nov. 

Melaleuca (ut gen.) PAT. 1. c. 1887. 

Melanoleuca (ut gen.) PAT 1. c. 1900. 

Pileus hygrophanus. Stipes leviter subcartilaginus. Sporae 

albae, verruculosae. 

11. Tricholoma grammopodium (BULL. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Month. 2 ser. V, 83, 1872 

-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 129, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 51, 1879-SAcc. Syll. Fung. 

V, 133, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 154, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. Marit. 

60, pI. 46, f. 1-7, 1890-RICKEN, BHitterp. 354, pI. 96, f. 3, 1915-REA, Brit. 

Basid. 239, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. III, pI. 124, 1927-LANGE, Agar. Denm. IX, 

32, 1933. 

Agaricus grarnrnopodius BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 548, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) grammopodiu8 FR. Syst. Myc. I, 93, 182,I-BERK. in 

SMITH, Brit. FI. V, (2), 37, 1836. 

Agm'icus (Tricholoma) gram.mopodius FR. Epicr. Myc. 50, 1838; Hymen. 

Eur. 74, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 810, 1884. 

Gyrophila (Tricholoma) grummopodia QUEL. Ench. Fung. 17, 1886. 

Solitary or gregarious, edible. Pileus 7-15 cm. broad, campanulate, 

then convex, at length flattened, obtusely umbonate; surface


smooth, moist, pellicle separable, sayal-brown, darker (veronabrown) 

at the center, margin incurved at first; context whitish, 

thick, spongy, taste none, odour farinaceous or mouldy; lamellae 

adnate with a decurrent tooth, adnexed or sinuate, whitish, then becoming 

brownish, very crowded, broad, edge wavy or denticulate, 

often branched behind; stipe 7-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, equal, but 

enlarged or subbulbous at the base, whitish, longitudinally striate 

with bister or brownish fibrils, elastic, firm, stuffed; spores white in 

mass, broadly ellipsoidal, verruculose, 7-8 x 5-6 p. 



Jap. name. O-zara.mi-no-shimeji (n. n.). 

12. Tricholoma melaleucum (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emulo Month. 2 ser. V, 83, 1872- 


Fung. V, 134, 1887; Flo Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 155, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. 

Marit. 60, pI. 46, f. 8-15, 1890-MASS. Brit. Fung. Flo III, 218, 1893-W. G. SM. 

Brit. Basid. 43, 1908-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 355, pI. 93, f. 4, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. 

Mich. 713, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 239, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. III, pI. 125, 1927 

-LANGE, Agar. Denm. IX, 32, 1933. 

[Po HENN. in ENGLERS Bot. Jahrh. XXXII, 41, 1903-MATSUM. Ind. PI. 

Jap. I, 177, 1904-SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. 100, 1905; ed. 2, 665, 1917; ed. 3, 397, 

1927] 

Agaricus melaZeucus PERS. Syn. Fung. 355, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agar'icus (Clitocybe) melaleucus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 114, 1821. 

Agaricus (Tricholoma) melaleucus FR. Epicr. Myc. 51, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

74, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 119, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 809, 1884- 

SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 658, 1889. 

Gyrophila (Tricholoma) melaleuca QUEL. Ench. Fung. 17, 1886. 

Solitary or scattered, edible. Pileus 3-10 cm. broad, convex, 

then expanded, umbonate or nearly plane, depressed around the small 

umbo; surface hygrophanous, fuliginous when moist, fading (avellaneous) 

when dry, disc slightly darker, glabrous, margin incurved 

when young, usually entire; context white, thin, soft, odour very 

slightly farinaceous, taste mild; lamellae emarginate-adnexed, white, 

then tinged with yellowish tint, very crowded, rather narrow, waved 

on edge; stipe 4-10 cm. long, 4-10 mm. thick, cylindrical, equal, but 

usually subbulbous at the base, white and furfuraceous above, fuliginously 

fibrillose below, darker at the base, slightly fading when dry, 

•


tinged with light violet color, compact, then spongy, thick, taste mild, 

odour not strong; lamellae sinuate or broadly adnexed, violaceous, 

then light grayish violet, crowded; stipe 7-10 cm.· long, 1.5-3 cm . 

. thick, nearly equal, bulbous at the base, whitish, tinged with light 

violet color, covered with evanescent fibrils, solid; spores white or 

faintly drab colored, ellipsoidal, mostly ventricose, 6-9 x 4.5-6 fl, 

mostly 9 x 4.5 p . 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo, 

Nopporo), Kushiro (Mt. Meakan), Kitami (Oketo forest), Oshima 

(Ono-mura) . 

Distr. Japan (HI)kkaido, Honshu), Siberia, Europe, North 


Jap. name. O-murasaki-shimeji (KAWAMURA). 

14. Tricholoma nudum (BULL. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 82, 1872- 

GILL. HYplen. Fr. 120, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 50, 1879-SACC. Syll. 

Fung. V, 131, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 148, 1915-MAss. Brit. Fung. Fl. 

III, 216, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 43, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 24, f. 

31, 1910-RICKEN, BliiUerp. 352, pI. 95, f. 4, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 709, 

1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 237, 1922-LANGE, Agar. Denm. IX, 30, 1933. 

Agaricus nudus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 439, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Tricholorna) nudus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 52, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 48, 

1838; Hymen. Eur. 72, 1874-BERK. Out!. Brit. Fung. 105, pI. 4, f. 7, 1860- 

KICKX, Fl. Crypt. Flandr. II, 141, 1867-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 810, 1884-SCHROET. 

Pilze Schles. I, 658, 1889-CKE. Handb. Austr. Fung. 13, 1892. 

Lepista nuda CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 192, 1871. 

Rhodopaxillus 'Wudus R. MAIRE, Ann. Myc. XI, 338, 1913. 

Gregarious, s.ubcaespitose or solitary, edible. PUeus 3.5-8 cm. 

broad, convex, then expanded to plane, sometimes depressed at the 

center; surface glabrous, even, moist, entirely purplish violaceous, 

soon discoloring to pale vinaceous-brown or dingy rose-color, margin 

incurved; conte:ct soft, thin, tinged with violet, becoming whitish 

when dry, odour and taste mild; lamellae truncated-adnate or 

rounded, then subdecurrent and slightly sinuate, crowded, narrow, 

violaceous or subconcolorous, becoming paler when dry; stipe 4- 

8 cm. long, 5-10 mm. thick, equal or slightly enlarged at the base, 

violaceous or subconcolorous, discoloring when dry or in age,. subglabrous 

below, silky-pruinose above, subelastic, solid; spores sordid 

flesh-color in mass, ellipsoidal, verruculose, 6-8 x 3-5 fl.

80 SANSHIIMAI 

2. Pileus attenuated from a fleshy disc toward the margin, at length 

infundibuliform or deeply umbilicate; lamellae long decurrent ..... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Infundibuliformes. 

a. Pileus medium in size, brownish or tan color ................ . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . " C. infundibuliformis (5). 

b. Medium in size; entirely white .................. C. catina (6). 

B. Pileus fleshy membranous, truly hygrophanous, thin, depressed, then 

cup-shaped ................................... " Sect. Cyathiformes. 

1. Pileus 2-7 cm. broad, fuscous-ci'nereous or dark bister; spores 7- 

10 X 4.5-6!" ............................... C. cyathiformis (7). 

2. Pileus 2.5-4 cm. broad, light-drab to haircbrown; spores 5 X 2.5 !I. •• 

................................................. C. fallax(8). 

II. Lamellae rather easily separable from the pileus .......... Subgen. Lepista. 

A. Large in size, without umbo, white or yellowish ....... C. gigantea (9). 

B. Medium in size, with a slight obtuse umbo, whitish or yellowish ....... . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. C. extenuata (10 ) .. 

Subgen. Euclitocybe IMAI, subgen. nov. 

Lamellae ab hymenophoro non facile secedentes. 

Epicr. Myc. 55, 1838. 

Sect. Disciformes FR. 

Pileus fleshy, convex then plane or depre,ssed, regular, obtuse. 

Lamellae at first adnate or regularly adnato-decurrent. 

1. Clitocybe nebularis (BATSCH ex FR.) QUEL. 



Fung. V, 142, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 170, 1915-BARLA, Champ. Alp. 

Marit. 63, pI. 48, f. 1-9, 1892-MAss. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 405, 1893-W. G. SM. 

Brit. Basid. 46, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 29, f. 47, 1910-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 

375, pI. 103, f. 1, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 725, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 269, 

1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. III, pI. 133, 1928-LANGE, Agar. Denm. VIII, 43, 1930. 

Agaricus pileolarius BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 400, 1788 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus nebularis BATSCH, Elench. Fung. II, 25, f. 193, 1789 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus mollis BOLT. Hist. Fung. HaEf. I, 63, 1795 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) nebularis FR. Syst. Myc. I, 86, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

55, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 79, 1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 107, 1860-CKE. 

Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 35, 1871; Ill. Brit. Furrg. pI. 79, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 806, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 657, 1889. 

Omphalia nebularis QUEL. Ench. Fung. 20, 1886. 

Clitocybe pileolaria MURRILL, Mycologia, VII, 268, 1915.


Gregarious or solitary, edible. Pileus 4.5-15 cm. broad, conical, 

convex, then nearly plane, at length depressed at the center, margin 

incurved when youpg, at length upturned; surface drab, gray or 

rarely whitish, dry, commonly pruinose, margin lighter; context 

fleshy, white, rather compact, thick, odour and taste pleasant; 

lamellae decurrent, white or rarely cream-colored, close, rather narrow; 

stipe 6-8 cm. long, 8-22 mm. thick, equal or attenuated upward, 

enlarged at the base, white or gray, grayish floccosely striate; context 

white, solid, fibrous, elastic, nearly spongy; spores white in 

mass, ellipsoidal, 6-9 x 4.5-6 p, mostly 7.5 x 4.5 p, smooth. 

Hab. on the ground in woods, among fallen leaves. Autumn. 

Ishikari (Sapporo, Nopporo), Kushiro (Lake side of Akan), Kitami 

(Oketo-forest) . 


America. 

Jap. name. Haiiroshimeji (IMAI). 

Forma alba (LANGE) IMAI, comb. nov. 

Clitocybe nebularis var. alba LANGE, Agar. Denm. VIII, 43, 1930. 

Pileo albo; cetera ut in Specio. 

Hab. on the ground in woods, among fallen leaves. Arutumn. 

Kushiro (Lake side of Panketo). 


J ap. name. Shiro-no-haiiroshimeji (n. n.). 

2. Clitocybe clavipes (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem: Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 85, 

1872-GILt. Hymen. Fr. 155, cum icone, 1874-KARsT. Hattsv. I, 57, 1879- 

SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 143, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 171, 1915-MASS. Brit. 

Fung. FI. II, 405, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 47, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas 

Champ. 29, f. 45, 1910-RICKEN, Blatterp. 375, pI. 103, f. 3, 1915-MuRRILL, 

North Amer. Fl. IX, 410, 1916-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 726, 1918-REA, Brit. 

Basid. 269, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. III, pI. 135, 1928-LANGE, Agar. Denm. VIII, 

46, 1930. 

Agaricus (Gymnopus) clavipes PERS. Syn. Fung. 353, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) clavipes FR. Syst. Myc. I, 86, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 56, 

1838; Hymen. Eur. 79, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 80, 1883-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 805, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 656, 1889.

82 SANSHIIMAI 

Agaricus carnosior PK. 23 Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Cab. 76, 1872 (teste 

MURR.). 

Omphalia clavipes QUEL. Ench. Fung. 20, 1886. 

Clitocybe carnosior SACCo SylI. Fung. V, 146, 1887. 

Gregarious, solitary or rarely subcaespitose, edible. Pileus 2.5- 

7 cm. broad, convex, then plane, almost obconic, rarely umbonate, 

obtuse; surface grayish-brown or sooty-brown, sometimes darker at 

the center, dry, glabrous, even, margin thin, strongly incurved at 

first; context white, soft, thick at the center, taste and odour 

agreeable; lamellae deeply decurrent, white, sometimes yellowish, 

subdistant, flaccid, broad at the middle; stipe 3-6 cm. long, 6-10 mm. 

thick, attenuated upward, largely thickened or subbulbous at the base 

and up to 2 cm. thick, subconcolorous or paler, glabrous or slightly 

fibrillose, soft, ,elastic, solid; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, smooth, 

5.5-7.5 X 3.5-5,u. 


Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, North America. 

Jap. name. Hotei-shimeji (n. n.). 

3. Clitocybe aurantiaca (WULF. ex FR.) STUDER 

Hedw. XXXIX, (7), 1900-REA, Brit. Basid. 273, 1922. 

Agaricus aurantiacus WULF. in JACQ. Miscell. Austr. II, 101, pI. 14, f. il, 

1781 (teste FR.). 

Cantharellus aurantiacus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 318, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 365, 1838; 

Monogr. Hymen. Suec. II, 206, 1863; Hymen. Eur. 455, 1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. 

Fung. 215, pI. 14, f. 1, 1860-CORDA, Champ. Fr. II, 129, pI. 32, f. 2, 1870- 

CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 227, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 110,4, 1883; Hanah. 

Austr. Fung. 80, 1892-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 352, cum icone, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 523, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 483, 1887-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 511, 1888 

-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 320, cum fig., 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 129, 

f. 127-128, 1903-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 53, f. 117, 1910-RICKEN, BIiitterp. 

4, pI. 2, f. 2, 1915-K,wFFM. Agar. Mich. 40, 1918-BRES. Icon. Myc. X, pI. 473, 

1929. 

Agaricus alectorolophoides SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 46, pI. 206, 

1774 (teste FR.). 

Merulius aurantiacus PERS. Syn. Fung. 488, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Merulius nigripes PERS. Ibid. 489, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus subcantharellus Sow. Eng!. Fung. pI. 413, 1803 (teste FR.). 

Cantharellus Rat'enelii BERK. et CURT. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2 ser. XII, 

425, 1853. . 

Chanterel alectrolophoides MURRILL, North Amer. FI. IX, 169, 1910.


Gregarious, edible (after American authors). Pileus 2-9 cm. 

broad, convex, then plane, depressed, at length subinfundibuliform; 

surface orange-ochraceous to brownish-orange, sometimes paler, subtomentose, 

margin incurved and at length undulated; context soft, 

yellowish or ochraceous, thin, odour and taste mild; lamellae decm'rent, 

bright orange or paler, rather regularly 3 to 5 times dichotomously 

branched, blunt at the edge, rather narrow, crowded; stipe 

4-7 cm. long, 5-10 mm. thick, nearly equal or slightly attenuated upward, 

pale orange to ochraceous or brownish, fibrous or minutely 

tomentose, stuffed, sometimes hollow; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 

smooth, 5-7 X 3-5!1 . 

Hab. on the ground in woods or under trees. Late summer 

to autumn. Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu), Ishikari (Nopporo, Mt. 

Kurodake), Kushiro (Mt. Meakan), Kitami (Notoro forest, Oketo 

forest), Tokachi (Mt. Nupkaushinupuri). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido) Europe, North America, Australia, 

Siberia and Asia Minor. 

Jap. name. Hiroha-anzutake (n. n.). 

A form occurs with yellowish white pileus and stipe, but we have 

not collected a white form which FRIES has noted. Many European 

authors have regarded it as poisonous or suspected, but KAUFFMAN, 

PECK, McILVAIN and others have eaten it without bad results. 

4. Clitocybe cerussata (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 2 ser. V, 86, 1872 

-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 151, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 64, 1879-SACC. 

SylI. Fung. V, 154, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 167, 1915-BARLA, Champ. 

Alp. Marit. 67, pI. 51, f. 24-28, 1892-MAss. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 413, 1893-W. 

G. SM. Brit. Basid. 49, 1908-REA, Brit. Basid. 275, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. III, 

pI. 142, 1928. 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) cerussatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 92, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

61, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 86, 1874-PERS. Myc. Eur. III, 119, 1822-BERK. Outl. 

Brit. Fung. 108, 1860-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 122, 1883-SCHROET. Pilze 

Schles. I, 654, 1889. 

Caespitose or gregarious, edible. Pileus 4-8 cm. broad, convex 

or subcampanulate, then expanded, obtuse or gibbous, at length 

slightly depressed; surface white, with a white-lead appearance, at 

first floccoso-fibrillose, then subglabrous, margin involute, villous, 

often sublobate or undulate; context white, mild, inodorous; lamellae

88 

SANSHIIMAI 

umbo; surface white or tinged tan or clay, silky flocculose, minutely 

adpresso-squamulose, often guttate, margin strongly involute and 

pubescent at first, then spreading and becoming almost smooth, at 

length revolute and sulcate, often splitting; context relatively thin, 

soft, fleshy, white; odour and taste mild; lamellae long decurrent, 

subdecurrent or adnato-decurrent, very crowded, narrow, whitish, 

then tan-color, somewhat furcaiJe and anastomosing, easily separable 

from the -pileus; sti-pe rather short and stout, 2-7 cm. or more long, 

2-5 cm. thick, equal, smooth or minutely pubescent, whitish, subconcolorous 

or slightly darker and longitudinally striate when old, 

solid; spores white in mass, eUipsoidal, 8-10 x 5-6 !1 , rough. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Late summer to autumn. Ishikari 

(Sapporo, Nopporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe, North America. 

Jap. name. O-itchO-tak.e '(T. ITO). 

10. Clitocybe extenuata (FR.) IMAI, comb. nov. 

Paxillus extenuatus FR. Epicr. Myc. 316, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 402, 1874- 

SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 985, 1887-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 6, 1893-RICKEN, 

Blil.tterp. 93, pI. 27, f. 2, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 549, 1922. 

Lepista extenuata KARST. Hattsv. I, 480, 1879. 

?Clitocybe piceina PK. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, XXXI, 178, 1904-KAUFFM. 

Agar. Mich. 720, pI. 154, 1918. 

?Melanoleuca albissima MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. X, 8, 1914. 

Gregarious, caespitose or solitary, edible. Pileus 3-11 cm. broad, 

convex, subumbonate· or gibbous, then plane with a slightly obtuse 

umbo; surface whitish or yellowish, the center darker and colored 

buff-yellow, dry, smooth, subglabrous, margin involute, pubescent, 

rigid-fragile, obscurely striate when matul'1ed; context white, compact 

or rather spongy-fleshy, thick, taste mild, odour not strong; lamellae 

emarginate with a long decurrent tooth or decurrent, decurrent lines 

or ridges running down the stipe and anastomosing, separable from 

the trama of pileus andsiipe, transvers1ely split in edge, whitish or 

slightly yellowish, close, rather narrow, thin, tough, edge entire or 

waved especially near the stipe; stipe 6-11 cm. long, 8-18 mm. thick, 

nearly equal, or slightly attenuated upward and swollen at the base, 

slightly rooting, whitish or yellowish, paler than the pileus, fibrous, 

obscurely pruinose at the apex, often tomentose at the base, stout, 

solid, firm, elastic, slightly spongy; spores white in mass, broadly 

ellipsoidal, 6-8 x 4-6 !1, rough.

90 SANSHI 1M AI 

Syll. Fung. v, 197, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 206, 1915-BARLA, Champ. 

Alp. Marit. 79, pI. 64, f. 1-10, 1892, p. p.-RICKEN, BUitterp. 382, pI. 100, f. 2, 

1915, p. p.-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 747, 1918-BRES. Icon. Myc. IV, pI. 187, f. 1, 

1928. 

[SHIRAI, List Jap. Fung. 22, 1905; ed. 2, 145, 1917;' ed. 3, 86, 1927- 

MATSUURA & KANADA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 117, 1931] 

Camarophyllu8 laccatu8 KARST. Hattsv. I, 231, 1879, p. p. 

Russuliopsis laccata SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 622, 1889. 

Gregarious or solitary, edible. Pileus 2:....5 cm. or more broad, 

convex, then plane, more or less umbilicato-depressed; surface hygrophanous, 

salmon-buff, salmon, apricot-buff, vinaceous-pink or buffpink 

in color, becoming pale when dry, glabrous, furfuraceous or 

minutely squamulose, sometimes silky, margin even or undulatocrisped 

and irregularly shaped; context concolorous, somewhat thin, 

firm in the stipe, taste mild; lamellae adnate, adnexed, subsinuate 

or adnate with a decurrent tooth, rather broad, thick, subdistant, 

flesh-colored, then white mealy; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 5-10 mm. thick, 

nearly equal, straight or flexuous, concolorous, fibrous, firm, stuffed; 

spores white in mass, globose, 8-9 J1, echinulate. 


autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo, Nopporo, Mt. Taisetsu, Mt. Teine), 

Tokachi (Lake side of Shikaribetsu), Kushiro (Lake side of Kutcharo, 

Lake side of Akan, Mt. Meakan, Mt. Oakan), Iburi (Lake side of 

Shikotsu), Kitami (Oketo forest). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), China, Asia Minor, Europe, 

North America, Australia. 

Jap. name. Kitsune-take (KAWAMURA). 

Forma minuta IMAI, form. nov. 

Gregaria. Pileo 5-10 mm. lato, astriato vel vix striatulo; stipite 

25-35 mm. longo, 1-2 mm. crasso, basi leviter incrassato; cetera ut 

in Specio. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Summer. Ishikari (N opporo) . 


Jap. name. Hime-kitsune:take (n. n.). 

The present form closely resembles RussuUopsis laccata, rosella, 

pusilla SCHROET. from which it may be distinguished by the smaller 

size of fructification, as well as by the· almost astriate pileus. The 

fungus is also similar to La,ccaria tortilis (FR.) BOUD. in the smaller


size of fructification, but it is distinguishable in the almost astriate 

pileus and by the quadri-spored basidium. 

2. Laccaria amethytea [BULL.] MURRILL 

North Amer. Fl. X, 1, 1914. 

Agaricus amethystinus BOLT. Hist. Fung. HaIif. pI. 63, 1788 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus amethysteus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 198, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Collybia amethystina QUEL. Fl. Myc. 238, 1888. 

Russuliopsis laccata f. amethystina SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 623, 1889. 

Clitocybe amethystea SACCo Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 206, 1915. 

Agaricus laccatus var. amethystinus Auct. plur. 

Clitocybe laccctta var. amethystina Auct. plur. 

Laccaria laccata var. amethystina Auct. plur. 

[KAWAMURA, Jap. Fung. no. 28, 1929-MATSUURA & KANADA, Trans. 

Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 117, 1931] 

Solitary or gregarious, edible. Pileus 1.5-3 cm. broad, broadly 

convex, umbilicate or depressed at the center; surface hygrophanous, 

carnes-brown, Hay's brown or dark purple-drab when moist, grayish 

when dry, unpolished, pellicle often breaking up into mealy squamules 

or sometimes silky, sometimes undulato-crisped and irregularly 

shaped and slightly striate at the margin; context concolorous, s0l!lewhat 

thin, firm; lamellae adnate or decurrent, dark state-purple, 

color more persistent than in the pileus, subdistant; stipe 3-7 cm. 

long, 2-5 mm. thick, equal, flexuous, concolorous or slightly paler 

than the lamellae, hollow; spores white in mass, globose, 7.5-10 f1, 

verruculose. 


autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo, Nopporo, Mt. Teine). 


America. 

Jap. name. Uramurasaki (KAWAMURA). 

3. Laccaria murina IMAI, sp. nov. 

Gregaria. Pileo 1-1.5 cm. lato, convexo vel hemigloboso, dein 

expanso, plano, udo et juvenile fuligineo, sicco murino vel subavellaneo, 

leviter velutinullo, margine primo involuto, udo striatulo 

sicco laevi; carne murina; lameUis adnatis, griseis, demum albopruinosis, 

distantibus, crassis; stipite 1.5-2.5 cm. longo, 1.5-2.5 mm. 

crasso, aequali vel sursum leviter attenuato, subconcolori vel leviter

92 

SANSHIIMAI 

pallidiori, striatulo, deorsum albo-villoso; sporis in cumulo alb is, 

globosis, 7.5-10 f1, verruculosis. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Summer. Ishikari (Nopporo). 


Jap. name. Ginko-take (n. n.). 

The present fungus is easily distinguished from other species 

in this genus by the color of fructification. 

Tribe Pleuroteae IMAI, nom. nov. 

Pleurot.ees KONR. et MAUBL. Icon. SeI. Fung. 29, 1924. 

Fructificatio sine vel 0, plerumque epixyla. Stipes excentricus, 

lateralis vel null us. Lamellae adnexae, adnatae vel decurrentes. 

Pleurotus (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 2 ser. V, 111, 1872, 

p.p. 

Crepidopu8 S. F. GRAY, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. I, 616, 1821-MuRRILL, North 

Am. Fl. IX, 304, 1916. 

Agaricus § Pleurotus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 178, 1821, p. p. 

Phyllotus KARST. Hattsv. I, xiv, 1879. 

Calathinus QUEL. Ench. Fung. 46, 1886. 

Geopetalum PAT. Hymen. Eur. 127, 1887, p. p. 

Geopetalum MURRILL, North Amer. FI. IX, 298, 1916. 

Fructification without universal and partial veils. Pileus fleshy 

or submembranous, regular or irregular. Stipe excentric, lateral or 

wanting. Lamellae adnexed, adnate, decurrent or radiating from 

a central or lateral point. Spores white in mass, rarely tinged with 

yellowish or lilac hues. 

Type species: Agaricus ostreatus JACQ. ex FR. 

Key to the subgenera and species in Hokkaido. 

I. Stipe excentric or lateral; lamellae decurrent .......... Subgen. Concharia. 

A. Stipe usually distinct and branched; pileus whitish, yellowish, yellow 

or brownish, usually glabrous .................... P. cornucopiae(1). 

B. Stipe usually distinct but short, often caespitose-imbricate; pileus white, 

whitish-gray or brownish, usually glabrous ....•..... P. ostreatus (2).

94 SANSHl lMAl 

Hab. on the trunk of decidlJous trees, especially Ulmus. Summer 

to autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo, Nopporo, Sounbetsu), Kushiro 

(Lake side of Akan), Kitami (Oketo), Teshio (Otoineppu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe, North America, 

China, Siberia, Asia Minor. 

Jap. name. Nire-take (SAKAMOTO ex IMAr) , Tamogi-take 

(IMAl), Himehira-take (UMEMURA). 

2. Pleurotus ostreatus (JACQ. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 2 ser. V, 112, 

1872; Ench. Fung. 148, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 346, cum ieone, 1874-SACC. 

Syllo Fung. V, 355, 1887; Flo Italo Crypt., Hymen. 332, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. 

Flo III, 371, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 104, f. 107, 1903-W. G. SM. Brit. 

Basid. 93, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 44, f. 93, 1910-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. 

Fung. pI. 8, f. 1-2, 1913-RICKEN, BUitterp. 450, pI. 112, f. 1, 1915-KAUFFM. 

Agar. Mieh. 663, pI. 142, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 445, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. 

VI, pI. 290, 1928-LANGE, Agar. Denm. VIII, 25, 1930. 

[Po HENN. Hedw. XXXIX, (156), 1900-SHIRAI, in MATSUM. & MIYOS. 

Crypt. Jap. Icon. Ill. I, pI. 3, 1900; List Jap. Fung. 71, 1905; ed. 2, 467, 1917; 

ed. 3, 286, 1927-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. I, 162, 1904-YAsuDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 

XXVIII, (389), 1914-NAKAJI, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXX, (102), 1916-UME 

MURA, PI. Fujiyama. 370, 1923-MATsuuRA & KANADA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. 

Sci. III, 116, 1931] 

Agaricus ostreatus JACQ. Flo Austr. III, pI. 288, 1775 (teste FR.)-PERS. 

Syn. Fung. 477, 1801-Sow. Englo Fung. pI. 241, 1803. 

Crepidopus ostreatus S. F. GRAY, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. I, 616, 1821-MuRRILL, 

North Amer. Flo IX, 304, 1916. 

Agaricus (Pleurotus) ostreatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 182, 1821; Epier. Myc. 

133, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 173, 1874-BERK. in SMITH, Engl. Flo V, (2), 71, 1836; 

Outi. Brit. Fung. 135, 1860-RABENH. Deutschi. Crypt. Flo I, 516, 1844-KICKX, 

FI. Crypt. Flandr. II, 158, 1867-CORDA, Champ. Fr. II, 80, 1870-CKE. Handb. 

Brit. Fung. I, 48, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 195, 1883; Handb. Austr. Fung. 31, 


Clitocybe ostreatus KARST. Hattsv. I, 87, 1879. 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) ostreatus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 649, 1889. 

Crepidopus subsapidus MURRILL, Mycologia, IV, 216, 1912. 

Caespitosely imbricate, edible. Pileus 5-15 cm. or more broad, 

ex centric or sublateral, conchate, subdimidiate to elongated, convex 

or depressed; surface moist, silky to glabrous, white, whitish or 

avellaneous to snuff-brown, (usually when young almost black, soon 

becoming pale, fuscous-cinereous, passing into yellow when old), 

margin thin, even, sometimes subrimose; context white, rather thin,


III. Fructification without veil, thin, watery, succulent; pileus fragile, viscid 

when wet, shining when dry, rarely fioccosely squamulose: .............. . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Subgen. Hygrocybe. 

A. Lamellae adnato-decurrent or deeply decurrent ..................... . 

. . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Adanato-decurrentes. 

1. Pileus smooth, viscid. 

a. Pileus lemon-yellow or waxy-yellow; lamellae yellow ........ . 

......................................... H. ceraceus(15). 

b. Pileus blood-red or bright scarlet and becoming yellow ....... . 

......................................... H., coccineus(16). 

2. Pileus more or less squamulose, dry. 

a. Pileus scarlet or vermilion; lamellae yellow.. H. miniatus (17) . 

B. Lamellae adnexed or emarginate, somewhat separating .............. . 

. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . .. Sect. Emarginato-subliberae. 

1. Pileus scarlet, yellow, sulphur-greenish; pileus and stipe becoming 

black ......................................... H. conicus(18). 

1. c. 1838. 

Subgen. Limacium FR. 

Universal veil viscid, with occasionally a floccose partial one, 

which is annular, or marginal. Stipe clothed with scales or more 

frequently rough with dots above. Pileus viscid, fleshy. Lamellae 

adnato-decurrent. 

1. Hygrophorus chrysodon [BATSCH] FR. 

Epicr. Myc. 320, 1838; Monogr. Hym. Suec. II, 123, 1863; Hymen. 

Eur. 405, 1874-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 197, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. 

I, 195, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 885, 1888-QUEL, Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in 

Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 2 ser. V, 185, 1872; Ench. Fung. 48, 1886-GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 178, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 216, 1879-WINT. Die Pilze, 

T, 571, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 387, 1887; Fl. ltal. Crypt., Hymen. 340, 1915- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 353, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 111, fig. 115, 

1903-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 256, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 32, f. 54, 1910- 

KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 178, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 291, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. 

VII, pI. 301, 1928. 

[KAWAMURA, Jap. Fungi, no. 45, 1929] 

Agaricus Mugnaius SCOP. FI. Carn. ed. 2, II, 429, 1772 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus chrysodon! BATSCH, Elench. Fung. Cont. II, 79, f. 212, 1789 (teste 

FR.). 

Agaricus (Limacium) chrysodon FR. Syst. Myc. I, 32, 1821. 

Limacium chrysodon SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 531, 1889-RICKEN, BHitterp. 

15, pI. 6, f. 4, 1915-LANGE, Agar. Denm. V, 16, 1923. 

Hygrophorus mugnaius MURRILL, North Amer. FI. IX, 391, 1916.


the base; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 5-10 mm. thick, subequal or slightly 

attenuated or fusiform at the base, white, often becoming dingy with 

age, viscid, shining-spotted when dry, rough at the spex with dots 

in the form of squamules, persistently stuffed or becoming hollow; 

spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 6-8 x 4-5 ft, smooth. 

Hab. on the ground in woods, especially in frondose woods. 

Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, North America, Africa, Asia 

Minor, Siberia. 

Jap. name. Shiro-numeri-kasa (n. n.). 

3. Hygrophorus Cossus [Sow.] FR. 

Epicr. Myc. 321, 1838; Monogr. Hymen. Suec. II, 124, 1863; Hymen. 

Eur. 406, 1874-BERK. Out1. Brit. Fung. 197, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 

196, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 887, 1888-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I,' in Mem. 

Soc. D'EmuI. Month. 2 ser. V, 185, 1872; Ench. Fung. 49, 1886-GILL. Hymen. 

Fr. 179, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 217, 1879-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 570, 

1884-SACC. SylI. Fung. V, 389, 1887; FI. ltaI. Crypt., Hymen. 341, 1915-MASS. 

Brit. Fung. FI. II, 354, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 257, 190B-RoLLAND, 

Atlas Champ. 32, f. 55, I9l0-REA, Brit. Basid. 292, I922-BRES. Icon. Myc. 

VII, pI. 304, 1928. 

Agaricus C08SUS Sow. EngI. Fung. pl. 121, 1799 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Limacium) eburneus var. b. FR. Syst. Myc. I, 33, 1821. 

Agaricus (Limaciwrn) Cossus BERK. in SMITH, EngI. FI. V, (2), 13, 1836. 

Limacium COS8uln RICKEN, BIatterp. 16, 1915-LANGE, Agar. Denm. V, 16, 

1923. 

Gregarious or solitary. Pileus 4-8 cm. broad, convex, then plane, 

subumbonate or depressed; surface very viscid, ivory-yellow, marguerite-yellow 

or pale-olive-buff, disc darker and colored with darkolive-buff 

or buffy-brown or only slightly darker, margin naked; 

context white, then yellowish or yellow, taste mild, odour strong; 

lamellae, subdecurrent or subadnate, distant, white, then slightly 

yellowish, thick, connected by veins; stipe 6-12 cm. long, 6-12 mm. 

thick, equal but attenuated at the base, whitish, then yellowish or 

subconcolorous, viscid, furfuraceous and granular at the apex, stuffed, 

then hollow; spores white in mass, broadly ellipsoidal, 7-9 x 5-6!t. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (N opporo) , 

Ibud (Lake side of Shikotsu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, Africa. 

Jap. name. Kusa-numeri-kasa (n. n.).

102 

SANS HI IMAI 

4. Hygrophorus erubescens FR. 


Eur. 407, 1874-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 

ser. V, 186, pI. 11, f. 1, 1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 181, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 

219, 1879-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 569, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 390, 1887-CKE. 

Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 888, 1888-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 355, 1893-W. G. SM. 

Brit. Basid. 257, 190B-REA, Brit. Basid. 293, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. VII, pI. 

306, 1928. 

Agaricus rubescens PERS. Disp. Meth. Fung. 21, 1797; Syn. Fung. 366. 

1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Limacium) erubescens FR. Syst. Myc. I, 32, 1821. 

Limacium rubescens SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 531, 1889. 

Limacium erubescens RICKEN, Blatterp. 10, pI. 4, f. 2, 1915. 

Hygrophorus rubescens SACCo Fl. !tal. Crypt., Hymen. 342, 1915. 

Gregarious or solitary, edible. Pileus 5-10 cm. broad, gibbous, 

then convex-plane, at length slightly upturned at the margin; surface 

slightly viscid, whitish, spotted or colored with orange-vinaceous or 

ocher-red, glabrous, naked at the margin; context yellowish, taste 

bitterish, then sometimes slightly acrid; lamellae slightly decurrent, 

white, spotted or tinged with pinkish-vinaceous or orange-vinaceous, 

somewhat distant; stipe 5-15 cm. long, 8-15 mm. thick, nearly equal, 

whitish, stained or spotted concolorous]y, slightly fibrous external, 

solid; spores white in m'ass, ellipsoidal, 7.5-10 x 5-6 !1 . 

Hab. on the ground in woods, especially in coniferous woods. 

Autumn. Ishikari (Toyohira), Oshima «()nomura). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe" North America, 

Africa, Siberia. 

Jap. name. O-sakura-shimeji (n. n.). 

5. Hygrophorus capreolarius (KALCHBR.) SACCo 

Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 342, 1915-BRES. Icon. Myc. VII, pI. 307, 1928. 

Hygrophorus erubescens var. capreola1'ius KALCHBR. Icon. Hymen. Hung. 

35, pl. 18, f. 3, 1874-FR. Hymen. Eur. 407, 1874-SACC. SyU. Fung. V, 391, 

1887. 

Hygrophorus erubescens subsp. cap1'eolariuB WI NT. Die Pilze, I, 569, 1884. 

Gr,egarious or solitary. Pileus 3-5 cm. broad, convex then expanded 

to umbonate, at length slightly upturned at the margin; sur.face 

dry, densely covered with ochre-red colored small punctations 

which lie close together at the center, but at the margin they become


pale, fuse and become pale-ochre-red; context subconcolorous or paler, 

odour farinaceous; lamellae long decurrent, distant, nearly concolorous 

to the pileus, rigid, thick, somewhat veinly conjugated; stipe 

3-6 cm. long, 5-12 mm. thick, nearly equal, concolorous, slightly 

fibrillose-subreticulated, subsquamulose at the apex, white tomentose 

at the base, solid; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, minutely rough, 

6-10 X 4-5 f1 (majority 7.5 x 5 f1 ). 


Distr. Japan (Hakkaido), Europe. 

Jap. name. Ko-sakura-shimeji (n. n.). 

Macroscopic features of the present fungus coincide well with 

those of H. capreolarius which was described by BRESADOLA in his 

Iconographia Mycologica, but the spores are minutely rough. 

6. Hygrophorus pudorinus FR. 

Epiicr. Myc. 322, 1838; Monogr. Hymen. Suec. II, 126, 1863; Hymen. 

Eur. 407, 1874-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emui. Montb. 2 ser. 

V, 186, 1872; Ench. Fung. 49, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 181, cum icone, 1874- 

KARST. Hattsv. I, 219, 1879-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 569, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. 

V, 391, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 343, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 356, 

1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 258, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 33, f. 58, 1910 

-MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 393, 1916-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 186, 1918- 

REA, Brit. Basid. 294, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. VII, pI. 308, 1928. 

Agaricus (Limacium) pudorinus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 33, 1821. 

Limacium pudori1tum RICKEN, BHitterp. 10, pI. 4, f. 3, 1915. 

Gregarious or scattered, edible. Pileus 5-10 cm. broad, convex, 

then expanded to nearly plane, obtuse; surfac'e viscid when wet, 

bright reddish flesh color (pale ochraceous-buff to pale ochraceoussalmon), 

deeper (avellaneous, wood-brown or buffy-brown) at the 

center, glabrous, even, margin at first involute and minutely downy; 

context white or tinged flesh color especially under the pellicle, thick, 

compact, taste mild, odour of resin of coniferous leaves and rather 

disagreeable; lamellae adnato-decurrent at first, then slightly decurrent, 

distant, whitish at first, then tinged flesh-color, thick, often. 

crisped; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, equal or attenuated downward; 

white or flesh color, viscid when wet, apex sometimes contracted, 

white and rough with floccose granules, but usually flesh 

coloured and floccose fibrillose or glabr,escent below, stout, compact, 

solid; spores white in mass, cylindric-ellipsoidal, smooth, 6-9 x 4-5 f1 •


Hab. on the ground in woods, especially coniferous woods 

(Abies). Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo). 


Jap. name. Fuki-sakura-shimeji (n. n.). 

7. Hygrophorus lucorus KALCHBR • 

• 

Icon. Hymen. Hung. 35, pI. 19, f. 4, 1874-FR. Hymen. Eur. 409, 1874- 

WINT. Die Pilze, I, 567, 1884-QUEL. Ench. Fung. 50, 1886-SACC. Syll. Fung. 

V, 394, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 346, 1915-RICKEN, Blatterp. 13, pI. 5, 

f. 3, 1915-BREs. Icon. Myc. VII, pI. 314, 1928. 

Gregarious, edible. Pileus 3-6 cm. broad, coni co-convex, then 

expanded and slightly depressed around the little umbo; surface 

glabrous or adpressed silky fibrillose, viscid, yellow, paler at the 

margin; context white, but yellowish under the pellicle, odour and 

taste none; lamella'e adnato-decurrent, distant or sub distant, whitish 

or yellowish; stipe 3-7 cm. long, 5-:-10 mm. thick, equal, white above, 

yellowish or yellow below, enclosed by viscid fibrous veil, solid; spores 

white in mass, ellipsoidal, 9-11 x 5-6 ,u. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Oshima (6nomura). 


Jap. name. Ki-numeri-kasa (n. n.). 

8. Hygrophorus arbustivus FR. 


Eur. 408, 1874-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 196, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 896, 

f. A, 1888-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 

186, 1872; Ench. Fung. 49, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 182, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. 

I, 220, 1879-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 568, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 493, 1887; 

FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 344, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 357, 1893-W. G. 

SM. Brit. Basid. 258, 1908-REA, Brit. Basid. 294, 1922-BREs. Icon. Myc. VII, 

pI. 309, 1928. 

Limacium arbustivum RICKEN, BUitterp. 12, 1915. 

Gregarious or caespitose, edible. Pileus 2-5 cm. broad, convex 

or subumbonate, then expanded to plane or slightly upturned at the 

margin but disc with a little umbo; surface v,ery viscid when wet, 

disc liver-brown or chestnut-brown, margin paler, slightly darker 

when young, disc with somewhat velvety appearance, margin with 

innate fibrils; context tinged with reddish brown, odour' none, taste


Agaricus virgineus WULF. in JACQ. Misc. Austr. II, 10-4, pI. 15, f. 1, 1781 

(teste FR.)-SOW. EngI. Fung. pI. 32, 1797-PERS. Syn. Fung. 456, 1801. 

Agaricus ericeus BULL. Champ. Fr. pl. 188, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) virgineus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 100, 1821, p. p. 

Camarophyllus virgineus KARST. Hattsv. I, 225, 1879-MuRRILL, North 

Amer. Fl. IX, 386, 1916-LANGE, Agar. Denm. V, 19, 1923. 

Hygrophorus ericeus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 529, 1889. 

Gregarious or solitary, edible. Pileus 1.5-5 cm. broad, convex, 

then plane, obtuse, subumbonate, finally depressed at the. center; 

surface white, moist or dry, often cracked into areolate-rimose when 

moist, floccose and becoming yellowish when dry; context white, taste 

and odour pleasant; lamellae decurrent, distant, white, rather thick; 

stipe 3-5 cm. long, 5-12 mm. thick, attenuated downward, white, 

glabrous or pruinose, dry,· solid or stuffed; spores white in mass, 

ellipsoidal, smooth, 6-8 x 4-5 fl. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Oshima (6nomura), 


Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe, North & South 

America, Africa, Australia. 

Jap. name. Otonw-no-kasa (n. n.). 

12. Hygrophorus niveus [SCOP.J FR. 


Eur. 414, 1874-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 199, 1860-KICKX, FI. Crypt. Flandr. 

II, 197, 1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 199, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 900, 

f. A, 1888-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 

189, 1872; Ench. Fung. 51, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 186, 1874-WINT. Die 

Pilze, I, 563, 1884-SAcc. Syll. Fung. V, 403, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 354, 

1915-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 529, 1889-MAss. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 347, 1893- 

W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 261, 1908-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 191, 1918-REA, Brit. 

Basid. 300, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. VII, pI. 329, 1928. 

Aga1'icus niveus ScoP. FI. Carn. ed. 2, II, 430, 1772 (teste FR.). 

Aga1'icus (Clitocybe) virgineus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 100, 1821, p. p. 

Camarophyllus niveus KARST. Hattsv. I, 232, 1879-LANGE, Agar. Denm. 

V, 19, 1923. 

Hydrocybe nivea MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 377, 1916. 

Gregarious, edible. Pileus 1-3 cm. broad, convex or campanulate, 

then expanded to umbilicate; surface viscid, snow-white, 

glabrous, striatulate when wet; context white, thin, odour none, taste 

mild; lamellae decurrent, white, distant, narrow, thin, subvenose;


broad, connected by veins; stipe 5-9 cm. long, 5-10 mm. thick, nearly 

equal or slightly attenuated upward, concolorous, becoming yellow, 

paler at the base, oft,en compressed and furrowed, undulate-uneven, 

fibrous or glabrous, stuffed then hollow; spores white in mass, broadly 

ellipsoidal, smooth, 6-10 x 4-6 f-l • 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Kushiro (Mt. Meakan). Autumn. 

Disk Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe, North America, 

Australia. 

Jap. name. Beni-yamatake (n. n.). 

17. HygrophoTuS miniatus FR. 


Eur. 418, 1874-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 201, 1860-KICKX, Flo Crypt.Flandr. 

II, 198, 1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 202, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 921, 

f. A, 1888; Handb. Austr. Fung. 76, 1892-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. 

Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 191, 1872; Ench. Fung. 53, 1886-GILL. Hymen. 

Fr. 194, cum icone, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 560, 1884-SAcc. Syll. Fung. V, 413, 

1887-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 336, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 264, 1908- 

MURRILL, Mycologia, II, 163, pI. 27, f. 9, 1910-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. 

pI. 1, f. 27-29, 1912-RrcKEN; BHitterp. 24, pI. 8, f. 9, 1915-KAuFFM. Agar. 

Mich. 195, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 305, 1922-BREs. Icon. Myc. VII, pI. 337, f. 

2, 1928. 


1904] 

Agaricus fiammeus ScoP. Flo Carn. ed. 2, II, 443, 1772 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) miniatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 105, 1821. 

Hydrocybe ntiniata KARST. Hattsv. I, 234, 1879-LANGE, Agar. Denm. V, 

27, 1923. 

Hygrophorus fiammans SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 528, 1889. 

Hydrocybe fiammea MURRILL, North Amer. Flo IX, 381, 1916. 

Gregarious or subeaespitose, edible. Pileus 0.5-3 cm. or more 

broad, convex, then expanded to plane, at length umbilicate; surface 

slightly viscid when wet, vermilion, rarely yellow, then becoming 

pale and opaque, minutely tomentose, at length minutely squamulose, 

sometimes glabrous, even, fragile; context yellow, thin, odour and 

taste mild; lamellae adnate or very slightly decurrent, yellow or 

orange-red, at length paler, distant or subdistant, thickish; stipe 2- 

7 cm. long, 2-5 mm. thick, equal, concolorous or slightly paler, 

glabrous, shining, stuffed, then hollow; spores white in mass, broadly 

ellipsoidal, 6-9 x 4-6 f-l •

112 

SANSHI IMAI 


(Matsuyama) . 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe, India, North 

America, Australia. 

Jap. name. Akanuma-benitake (SHIRAI, ex P. HENN.). 

Sect. Emarginato-subliberae LANGE 

Agar. Denm. V, 22, 1923. 

Lamellae emarginato-subliberate. 

18. Hygrophorus conic us [SCOP.] FR. 


Eur. 419, 1874-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 202, 1860-KICKX, Fl. Crypt. Flandr. 

II, 198, 1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 203, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pl. 908, 

1888; Handb. Austr. Fung. 76, 1892-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. 

D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 192, 1872; Ench. Fung. 53, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 

192, cum icone, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 559, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 418, 

1887, Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 366, 1915-MAss. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 339, 1893- 

SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 526, 1889-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 265, 1908-MuRRILL, 

Mycologia, II, 162, pI. 27, f. 8, 1910-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 33, f. 57, 1910- 

KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 4, f. 18-19, 1912-RICKEN, BHitterp. 21, pl. 8, f. 

4, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 200, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 307, 1922. 


1904-UMEMURA, Pl. Fujiyama. 367, 1923-MATSUURA & KANADA, Trans. Tottori 

Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 113, 1931] 

Agaricus conicus ScoP. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, II, 443, 1772 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) conicus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 103, 1821. 

Hydrocybe conica KARST. Hattsv. I, 236, 1879-MuRRILL, North Amer. Fl. 

IX, 379, 1916-LANGE, Agar. Denm. V, 24, 1923. 

Godfrinia conica R. MAIRE, Rech. Cyt. Tax. Basid. 117, 1902. 

Gregarious or solitary, edible. Pileus 2-5 cm. broad, campanulate, 

conical, usually acute, not fully expanded; surface viscid when 

wet, some shade of red or yellow, at times tinged with green, almost 

always turning black on drying or in age, margin often splittingexpanded 

or lobed; context concolorous, very thin, becoming black 

when bruised or old; lamellae almost free, pallid to sulphur-yellow, 

sometimes reddish at the base, becoming black, ventricose, thin, 

rather crowded to somewhat distant; stipe 3-10 cm. long, 3-7 mm .. 

thick, equal or slightly enlarged toward the base, terete, concolorous 

or citron to golden-yellow, becoming black, straight or twisted, fibriI-

116 SANSHIIMAI 

or on much decayed wood, while on the fungus growing on less 

decayed wood, it is not observed usually. The latter form may be 

mistaken for as Collybia retigera BRES. from which it is distinguished 

by the larger spores. 

2. Collybia platyphyUa (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 93, 1872 


Syll. Fung. V, 203, 1887-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 121, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, 

ed. 2, 93, 1903-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 60, 1908-RICKEN, BUitterp. 406, 

pI. 107, f. 1, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 767, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 328, 1922. 

Agaricus gra.mmocephalus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 594, 1793 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus platyphyllu8 PERS. Obs. Myc. I, 47, 1796 (teste FR.); Syn. Fung. 

362, 1801. 

Agaricu8 repens FR. Obs. Myc. I, 14, 1815. 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) platyphyllu8 FR. Syst. Myc. I, 117, 1821. 

Agaricus (Collybia) platyphyllu8 FR. Epicr. Myc. 82, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

110, 1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 114, 1860-KICKX, Fl. Crypt. Flandr. II, 146, 

1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 54, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 128, 1883-WINT. 

Die Pilze, I, 782, 1884. 

CoUybia grammocephala QUEL. Ench. Fung. 27, 1886-SACC. Fl. Ital. Crypt., 

Hymen. 229, 1915-BREs. Icon. Myc. IV, pI. 191, 1928. 

Agaricu8 (Collybia) grammocephalus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 648, 1889. 

Gymnopus platyphyllus MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 367, 1916. 

Solitary or gregarious, edible. Pileus 7-14 cm. broad, papillateconvex 

or convex, then plane; surface dry, moist in wet, grayish 

brown to blackish, streated with dark brown fibrils, oenter darker, 

margin incurved at first; context thin, fragile, whitish; lamellae 

adnate or slightly sinuate, obliquely truncate behind, white, broad, 

distant, soft, edge wavy or subs·errate and tinged with dark-brown 

color; stipe 8-10 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. equal, whitish, grayish, silky, 

apex somewhat pruinose, fibrillosely striate, often striated sulcate, 

stout, base blunt and. attached to white mycelial strands, peliicle 

cartilaginous, fibrous-fleshy, stuffed or hollow; spores white in mass, 

broadly ellipsoidal, 7.5-10 x 6-7.5 f.l • 

Hab. on or around decayed wood in woods. Early summer to 

autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo, Nopporo, Mt. Tengu), Kushiro (Mt. 

Meakan), Kuriles (Kunashiri Is.). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), China, Siberia, Asia Minor, 

Europe, North America. 

Jap. name. Hirohida-take (KAWAMURA).


3. Collybi'a lacerata (LASCH) GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 310, 1874-QUEL. Ench. Fung. 33, 1886-SACC. Syli. Fung. 

V, 247, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 214, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 149, 

1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 68, 1908--RICKEN, Bliitterp. 405, 1915-REA, Brit. 

Basid. 341, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. V, pI. 217, 1928. 

Agaricus' (Collybia) laceratus LASCH, in FR. Epicr. Myc. 97, 1838; Hymen. 

Eur. 127, 1874-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 120, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 

62, 1871; Handb. Austr. -Fung. 21, 1892. 

?Agaricus familia PK. 23 Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Cab. 79, 1872. 

?Agaricus oculus PK. Ibid. 84, 1872. 

?Agaricus abundans PK. 29 Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 38, 1878. 

?Collybia familia SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 241, 1887-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 

757, pI. 163, 1918. 

?Collybia abundans SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 241, 1887-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 

764, pI. 166, 1918. 

?Omphalia oculus SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 336, 1887. _ 

?Gymnopus familia MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 365, 1916. 

?Gymnopus oculus MURRILL, Ibid. 367, 1916. 

Caespitose or densely gregarious, edible. Pileus 2-5 cm. broad, 

. convex, then plane, depress,ed at the center; surface smoky-gray, 

light-smoky-gray or avellaneous, usually darker at the center, innatefibrillose, 

often splitting or striate or fimbriately torn at the margin, 

somewhat moist; context thin, grayish white; lamellae adnate, subcrowded, 

rather narrow, often veiny, white or grayish-white; stipe 

3-8 cm. long, 3-5 mm. thick, subequal or slightly attenuated upward, 

subconcolorous or paler than the pileus, subglabrous or fibrillosely 

striate, but floccose-pruinose at the apex and white tomentose at the 

base, often curved and contorted, easily splitting, hollow; spores 

white in mass, globose, or subglobose, 4-5 II . 

Hab. on decaying wood, especially on coniferous wood in woods. 

Ishikari (Nopporo, J6zankei, Mt. Kurodake), Kushiro (Lake side of 

Akan) , Kitami (Oketo forest). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Asia Minor, Europe, North 

America?, Australia. 

Jap. name. Hime-hirohidatake (n. n.) . 

FRIES described the lamellae of this fungus as "distantibus", and 

many other authors have also ascribed distant lamellae to this fungus. 

But BRESADOLA has described them "subconfertae", RICKEN "fast 

gedrangt" and REA "somewhat crowded or distant". The specimens 

at hand have subcrowded lamellae. To judge from the descriptions 

PECK'S fungi cited above probably belong here.


4. Collybia maculata (ALB. et SCHW. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. 2 SuppI., in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Month. 2 ser. V, 341, 

1873; Ench. Fung. 28, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 315, cum icone, 1874-KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 144, 1879-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 207, 1887; Flo Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 

233, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 123, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 60, 1908 

RICKEN, BHitterp. 410, pI. 107, f. 3, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 768, 1918-REA, 

Brit. Basid. 330, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. IV, pI. 194, 1928. 

Agaricus carnosus CURT. 1"1. Lond. Fasc. 5, pI. 71, 1777-1787-Sow. Engl. 

Fung. pI. 246, 1803 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus maculatus ALB. et SCHW. Consp. Fung. Lus. 186, 1805 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Tricholoma) 'maculatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 45, 1821. 

Agaricus (Collybia) maculatus FR. Epicr. Myc. 84, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 112, 

1874-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 115, 1860-KICKX, Flo Crypt. Flandr. II, 147, 

1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 55, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 142, 1883-WINT. 

Die Pilze, I, 781, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 647, 1889. 

Gymnopus carnosus MURRILL, North Amer. Flo IX, 358, 1916. 

Gregarious, edible. Pileus 5-10 cm. broad, convex, then expanded 

to nearly plane; surface white or whitish, then spotted or 

stained with reddish color, usually becoming wholly yellowish, brownish 

or rufescent when matured, smooth, glabrous, margin thin involute 

at first; context white, thick, firm, with farinaceous odour 

and mild taste; lamellae adnexed or emarginate-free, white, whitish 

or yellowish, often spotted with reddish color, narrow, very crowded, 

denticulate on the- edge; stipe 6-12cm. long, 6-15 mm. thick, some- 

'what equal or slightly attenuated upward and downward from the 

portion at ground level, praemorsely radicate, often curved at 

the base, white, spotted with reddish color, striate, often contorted, 

stout, firm, cartilaginous, hollow; spores white or pale flesh color in 

mass, subglobose, sometimes slightly apiculate at one end, 4-6!1. 

Hab. on the ground or on much decayed wood in woods. 

Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo), Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu), Tokachi 

(Lake side of Shikaribetsu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Siberia, Asia Minor, Europe, 

North America. 

Jap. name. Aka-aza-take (n. n.). 

5. Collybia butyracea (BULL. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Month. 2 ser. V, 93, 1872; 


SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 209, 1887; Flo Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 233, 1915-MASS. Brit. 

Fung. Fl. III, 125, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 61, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas

STUDIES ON THE AGARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. I. 1] 9 

Champ. 47, f. 99, 1910-RICKEN, Blatterp. 408, pI. 107, f. 2, 1915-KAUFFM. 

Agar. Mich. 753, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 331, 1922-BREs. Icon. Myc. IV, pI. 

200, 1928. 

Agaricus btdyraceus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 572, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) butyraceus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 121, 1821-BERK. in 

SMITH, Eng!. Fl. V, (2), 46, 1836 . 

. Agaricus (Collybia) butyraceus FR. Epicr. Myc. 84, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

113, 1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 115, 1860-KICKX, Fl. Crypt. Flandr. II, 

147, 1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 55, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 143, 1883; 

Handb. Austr. Fung. 18, 1892-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 780, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze 

Schles. I, 646, 1889. 

[YASUDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXIII, (402), 1909] 

Gregarious or solitary, edible. Pileus 3-6 cm. broad, convex, 

then nearly plane or umbonate, sometimes with irrregularly elevated 

margin, obtuse; surface glabrous, subhygrophanous, varying in color, 

commonly some shade of bay-red or tan-color (bay-brown-rufous, 

then becoming yellowish, ochraceous or whitish) ; context thinr white, 

slightly fleshy, tough, taste and odour none; lamellae adnexed or 

almost free, white or whitish, narrow, crowded; stipe 2-8 cm. long, 

4-8 mm. thick, attenuated upward, enlarged at the base, sometimes 

subbulbous at the base, up to 2 cm. thick, glabrous, yellowish, 

brownish or rufescent, commonly concolorous, striate, cartilaginous, 

hollow; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 6-9 x 3.5-4.5 p. 

Hab. on the ground in woods, especially under conifers. 

Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo), Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Siberia, Europe, North 

America, Africa. 

Jap. name. Ese-orimiki (n. n.), Orimiki (YASUDA). 

Epicr. Myc. 86, 1838. 

Sect. Vestipedes FR. 

Stipe slender, equal, fistulose or medullate, even, velvety, floccose 

or pruinose. 

6. Collybia velutipes (CURT. ex FR.) QUEL .. 


-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 318, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 147, 1879-SAcc. 

Syll. Fung. V, 212, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 235, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. 

Fl. III, 127, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 92, f. 95, 1903-W. G. SM. Brit. 

Basid. 62, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 48, f. 103, 1910-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. 

Fung. pI. 10, f. 5-6, 1914-RICKEN, Blatterp. 415, pI. 108, f. 5, 1915-KAUFFM.

120 

SANSRI IMAI 

Agar. Mich. 769, pI. 168, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 332, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. 

V, pI. 201, 1928. 

[Po RENN. ENGLERS Bot. Jarb. XXXII, 41, 1903-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. 

I, 137, 1904-UMEMURA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXVIII, (358), 1914; PI. Fujiyama. 

366, 1923--YASUDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXXV, (270), 1921-MATSUU. & 

KANADA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 117, 1931] 

Agaricus velutipes CURT. Fl. Lond. pI. 70, 1778 (teste FR.)-SOW. Eng!. 

Fung. pI. 384, f. 3, 1803. 

Agaricus nigripes BULL. Champ. Fr. pl. 344, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) velutipes FR. Syst. Myc. I, 119, 1821-BERK. in 

SMITH, Eng!. Fl. V, (2), 44, 1836. 

Agaricus (Collybia) velutipes FR. Epicr. Myc. 86, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 115, 

. 1874-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 116, 1860-KICKX, Fl. Crypt. Flandr. II, 148, 

1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 55, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 184, f. A, 1883; 

Handb. Austr. Fung. 19, 1892-WINT. Die PUze, I, 779, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze 

Schles. I, 646, 1889. 

Pleurotus 1'elutipes QUEL. Ench. Fung. 147, 1886. 

G-gmnopus' velutipes MURRILL, North Amer. FI. IX, 361, 1916. 

Caespitose, gregarious or rarely solitary, edible. Pileus 2.5- 

10 cm. broad, convex, then plane; surface smooth, viscid when wet, 

fulvous, tawny, rarely ochraceous-orange or orange to' cream or 

cream-buff, margin paler, slightly incurved at first, later upturned 

or wavy and slightly striate; context whitish or yellowish, rather 

thick at the center, watery, soft, taste mild, odour agreeable; lamellae 

whitish or yellowish, adnexed or sinuate-adnexed, broader and 

rounded behind, rather distant; stipe 3.5-12 cm. long, 3-15 mm. thick, 

equal or slightly attenuated upward, lemon-yellow, then umber to 

bister, lighter colored or yellowish above, with dense velvety hairs, 

€specially at the base, cartilaginous, tough, hollow or nearly stuffed; 

spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, hyaline, smooth, 6.5-7.5 x 3.5-4 p. 

Hab. on rotting wood and at the base of trunks of various 

frondose tre'es. Nearly all seasons. Oshima (C>nomura), Iburi 

(Tomakomai, Chitose, Lake side of Shikotsu), Ishikari (Sapporo, 

Nopporo), Tokachi (Lake side of Shikaribetsu), Kitami (Oketo 

forest). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu),. China, Siberia, Asia Minor, 

Europe, North America, Africa, Australia. 

Jap. name. Enoki-lake (KAWAMURA). 

Epicr. Myc. 90, 1838. 

Sect. Laevipedes FR.

122 

SANSHI IMAI 

Marasmius esculentus var. stolonifer KARST. Ibid. 103, 1889. 

Collybia conigena BRES. Fung. Trid. II, 86, pI. 198, f. 2, 1900; Icon. Myc. V, 

pI. 210, f. 2, 1928-RrcKEN, Bliitterp. 413, pI. 109, f. 3, 1915-BREBIN, Bull. Soc. 

Myc. Fr. XLII, 125, 1926. 


Solitary, gregarious or subeaespitose, edible. Pileus 1-2.5 em. 

broad, at first conico-campanulate or convex, then plane or subumbonate; 

surface glabrous, variable in color, whitish, ochraceous to 

fuscous, usually darker at the center; context white, very thin on the 

margin, taste and odour almost none; lamellae sinuato-adnexed or 

rounded-adnexed, white, then discolored, crowded; stipe 2-6 cm. or 

more long, 2-3 mm. thick, equal, whitish, ochraceous to clay color or 

subconcolorous, white-pruinose above, base long-rooted and tomentosely 

fibrillose; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 5-7.5 x 3-4.5 fl; 

cystidia ventrieosely fusiform or obovately clavate, capitately thickened 

or pointed at the apices, thick-walled. 

Hab. on buried cones of conifers in woods. Late-spring to s'ummer 

(or to autumn?). Ishikari (Sapporo). 


Australia. 

Jap. name. Matsukasa-shimeji (YASUDA), Matsukasa-tsuetake 

(KAWAMURA) . 

8. Collybia acervata (FR.) GILL. 


Syll. Fung. V, 234, 1887; FI. ItaI. Crypt., Hymen. 225, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. 

FI. III, 140, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 65, 1908-RrcKEN, Bliitterp. 412, 1915 

-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 759, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 337, 1922-BRES. Icon. 

Myc. V, pI. 211, 1928. 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) acervatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 122, 1821. 

Agaricus (Collybia) acervatus FR. Epicr. Myc. 92, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 122, 

1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 119, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 58, 1871; 

III. Brit. Fung. pI. 267, 1883-WrNT. Die Pilze, I, 773, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze 

Schles. I, 643, 1889. 

Collybia erythropus var. acervata QUEL. Ench. Fung. 31, 1886. 

Gymnopus acervatus MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 362, 1916. 

Densely caespitose, edible. Pileus 2-6 em. broad, convex, then 

plane, obtuse; surface pinkish-cinnamon to vinaceous-tawny when 

wet, paler or whitish when dry, glabrous, hygrophanous, margin involute 

at first, then flattened and scarcely striatulate when wet; con-


t,ext thin, pallid, reddish in the stipe; lamellae adnexed or free, 

whitish or tinged with flesh-color, narrow, linear, plane, very crowded; 

stipe 4-8 cm. long, 2-5 mm. thick, subequal or slightly attenuated upward, 

rarely compressed, slender, rigid, glabrous, smooth, reddish, 

reddish-brown, often whitish at the apex, especially when young, 

commonly with a white mycelial tomentum at the base, hollow; spores 

white in mass, ellipsoidal, 6-8 x 2.5-4 fl . 

Hab. on the ground among fallen leaves or on decaying wood 

in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo), Tokachi (Lake side of 

Shikaribetsu) . 


Jap. name. Kabu-beni-cha (n. n.). 

Mycena (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Month. 2 ser. V, 61 & 

102, 1872. 

Prunulus S. F. GRAY, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. I, 630, 1821-EARLE, Bull. N. Y. 

Bot. Gard. V, 427, 1909-MuRRILL, North Amer. F1. IX, 319, 1916. 

Agaricus § Mycena FR. Syst. My!!. I, 140, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 99, 1838; 

Hymen. Eur. 129, 1874. 

Mycenula KARST. Medd. Soc. Faun. F1. Fenn. XVI, 89, 1889. 

Insitica EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 425, 1909. 

Basidopus EARLE, Ibid. V, 426, 1909. 

Col/opus EARLE, Ibid. V, 426, 1909. 

Galactopus EARLE, Ibid. 426, 1909-MuRRILL, North Amer. F1. IX, 318, 

1916. 

Stereopodium EARLE, Ibid. V, 426, 1909. 

Linopodium EARLE, Ibid. V, 427, 1909. 

Fructification without volva and annulus. Pileus fleshy or 

membranous, regular, margin straight, never incurved. Stipe central,cartilaginous, 

usually slender. Lamellae adnate, adnexed or 

sinuato-adnate with a decurrent tooth, white or rarely bright colored, 

sometimes changing to gray or reddish. Spores white in mass. 

Type species: Agaricus galericulatus ScoP. ex FR. 

Key to the sections and species in Hokkaido. 

I. Stipe juiceless, not dilated into a disc at the base. 

A. Lamellae unicolorous, not changing color; Pileus pure colored, bright, 

not fuscous, nor cinereous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Adonideae.


1. Pileus rose-red, rose-purple, violet, lilac or whitish .... M. pura (1). 

B. Lamellae changing color, from white to gray or reddish, commonly at 

length connected by veins; pileus not hygrophanous; generally lignicolous 

and' caespitose; stipe strigose and rooted at the base ......... . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Rigidipedes. 

1. Pileus pale grayish to grayish-brown, long striate; stipe smooth ... 

. • . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . • • .. . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . •. M. galericulata(2). 

2. Pileus drab, grayish or whitish, striate; stipe longitudinally striate . 

•••••.•...........•..•.....•....•..........• M. polygramma(3). 

C. Lamellae changing color, paler at the edges, distant; pileus not hygrophanous, 

fuscous or rarely orange; stipe filiform, flaccid, rooting, dry; 

solitary, terrestrial or muscigenous ................................ . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Filipedes. 

1. Pileus orange or vermilion ......................... M. acicula(4). 

D. Lamellae changing color, at length decurrent with a tooth; pileus and 

stipe glutinous or viscid .......................... Sect. Glutinipedes. 

1. Pileus whitish or grayish. 

a. Lamellae white, usually not becoming reddish in age ......... . 

.................................•...... M. epipterygia(5). 

b. Lamellae white, then becoming flesh-colored or spotted with 

reddish-brown ............. " . . . . .. .. . . . . . . .. M. viscosa (6). 

2. Pileus yellow .................................. M. citrinella(7). 

II. Stipe and lamellae exuding a milky, usually colored juice when broken .... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Sect. Lactipedes. 

A. Juice blood-red colored .......................... M. haematopus(8). 

B. Juice orange-chrome colored......................... M. crocata (9). 

Sect. Adonideae FR: 

Epicr. Myc. 101, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 133, 1874. 

Stipe juiceless, base not dilated into a disc; lamellae unicolorous, 

not changing color; pUeus pure-colored, bright, n'ot becoming fuscous, 

not cinereous; fructification simple, terrestrial. 

1. Mycena pura (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 


Ench. Fung. 34, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 282, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 

100, 1879-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 256, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 259, 1915- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 113, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, .95, f. 97, 1903 

-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 72, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 52, f. 113, 1910- 

RIeKEN, BHltterp. 432, pI. 110, f. 2, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 794, 1918-REA, 

Brit. Basid. 377, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. V, pI. 226, 1928.


Agaricus rose us BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 507, 1791 (teste FR.)-SOW. EngI. 

Fung. pI. 72, 1797-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 637, 1889. 

Agaricus purus PERS. Tent. Disp. Fung. 21, 1797; Syn. Fung. 339, 1801 

(teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Mycena) purus FR. Syst. Myc. T, 151, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 102, 

1838; Hymen Eur. 133, 1874-BERK. in SMITH, Eng!. Fl. V, (2),60, 1836; OutI. 

Brit. Fung. 122, 1860-KICKX, Fl. Crypt. Flandr. II, 152, 1867-CKE. Handb. 

Brit. Fung. I, 65, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 157, 1883; Handb. Austr. Fung. 22, 


Prunulus purus MURRILL, North Amer. FI. IX, 332, 1916. 

Solitary or gregarious, edible. Pileus 2-5 cm. or more broad, 

campanulate or convex, then expanded, at length nearly plane or 

umbonate; surface smooth, glabrous, varying in color, rosy-red, rosepurple, 

violet, lilac, or whitish, margin striatulate and finally sometimes 

upturned; context thin, white, odour somewhat of radish; 

lamellae adnate or sinuate, sometimes wavy and crenate on the edge, 

venoso-connected, rather broad, subdistant to crowded, varying from 

white to shades of rose or violet, sometimes white on edges; stipe 

5-8 cm. or more long, 2-7 mm. thick, equal or slightly attenuated 

upward when large, often compressed and twisted, smooth, polished, 

sometimes silky flocculose, concolorous or darker or paler, somewhat 

villous at the base, firm, hollow; spores white in mass, eUipsoidaloblong, 

6-8 x 3-4 f1 • 


(Nopporo, Sapporo, Mt. Kurodake), Oshima (Qnomura), Iburi (Lake 

side of Shikotsu), Kushiro (Lake side of Akan) , Kitami (Oketo 

forest). . 


America, Australia, Africa. 

Jap. name. Sakura-take (n. n.). 

Sect. Rigidipedes FR. 


Stipe firm, rigid, somewhat tough, juiceless, somewhat strigose 

and rooted at the bas·e; lamellae changing color, from white to gray 

or reddish, commonly at length connected by veins; pileus not hygrophanous; 

generally lignicolous and caespitose.


G. SM. Brit. Basid. 75, 1908-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 438, pI. 111, f. 7, 1915- 


V, 237, 1928. 

[KAWAMURA, Jap. Fung. no. '89, 1,,929] 

Agaricus polygrammus BULL. Champ. Fr. pl. 395, 1791 (teste FR.)-Sow. 

Engl. Fung. pI. 222, 1799-PERS. Syn. Fung. 377, 180!. 

Agari9us (Mycena) polygrammus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 146, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

107, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 139, 1874-BERK. in SMITH, Engl. FL V, (2), 58, 1836; 

Outl. Brit. Fung. 124, 1860-KICKX, FI. Crypt. Flandr. II, 153, 1867-CKE. 

Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 68, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 223, f. B, 1883-WINT. Die 

Pilze, I, 761, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 641, 1889. 

Gregarious, ca·espitose or solitary. Pileus 2-5 cm. broad, campanulate 

or conico-campanulate, subumbonate; surface dry, drab, 

grayish or whitish, glabrous, rarely pruinose, striate, margin white 

when young, sulcate-striate and often toothed; context white, thin; 

lamellae narrowly adnate or nearly fre·e, not uncinate, ascending or 

arcuate, broader in the middle, subdistant, white with a faint flush 

of pink, edge even; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 2-4 mm. thick, equal or 

slightly attenuated upward, concolorous, longitudinally striate 

throughout or at the apex, sometimes twisted, straight or flexuous, 

cartilaginous, firm and rigid but fragile, glabrous, shining, strigoserooted 

at the base, hollow; spores white in mass, broadly ellipsoidal, 

8-10 x 6-8 f..t, smooth; cystidia fusiform-acuminate or flask-shaped 

with a prolonged apex. 

Hab. on decaying logs or wood in woods. Summer to autumn. 

Ishikari (Nopporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Siberia, Europe, North 

America, Asia Minor. 

Jap. name. Ashi-naga-tuke (KAWAMURA). 

Sect. Filipedes FR. 


Stipe filiform, scarcely 2 mm. thick (and not more), flaccid, somewhat 

tough, rooting, dry, juiceless, commonly very long in proportion 

to the pileus; lamellae changing color, paler at the 'edge, distant; 

fructification very slender, tense and straight, terrestrial, muscigenous, 

inodorous, solitary (not caespitose) ; pileus fuscous or rarely 

orange, becoming somewhat pale, not hygrophanous.


Agaricu8 epiptM'ygiu8 SCOP. Fl. Carn. ed. 2, II, 455, 1772-PERS. Syn. 

Fung. 382, 1801 (excl. var. y). 

Agaricu8 nutans Sow. Engl. Fung. pl. 92, 1797. 

Prunulu8 epipte1'ygiu8 MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 335, 1916. 

Agaricu8 (Mycena) epipterygiu8 Auct. plur. p. p. 

Mycena epipteryyia Auct. plur. p. p. 

Gregarious or caespitose. Pileus 1-3 cm. broad, conico-ovate, 

then- campanulate or subhemispherical, at length subumbonate; surface 

hygrophanous, covered with a viscid separable pellicle, at first 

whitish, grayish or yellow, becoming whitish when dried, striate, 

margin often denticulate; context white, not changing to reddish in 

age, very thin; taste and odour almost none; lamellae adnate with a 

decurrent tooth, straight or slightly arcuate, subdistant, rather broad, 

white at first, grayish in age, edge almost entire; stipe, 5-10 cm. long, 

1-2 mm. thick, fistulose, equal, straight or flexuous, sometimes twisted 

or compressed, rooted, glabrous, viscid, citron-yellow or pale citroncolor, 

sometimes cinereous, pallid or whitish, white fibrillose at the 

base; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, smooth, 8-11 x 4-5 f1; cystidia 

none. 

Hab. on the ground among fallen leaves in woods. Autumn. 

Ishikari (Nopporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, North America, Asia Minor, 

Siberia, Australia. 

Jap. name. Name-ashi-take (n. n.). 

6. Mycena viscosa (SECR.) R. MAIRE 

Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. XXVI, 162, f. 1B, 1910-RICKEN, Bllitterp. 419, 

1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 396, 1922. 

Agaricu8 (Mycena) epipterygiu8 FR. Syst. Myc. I, 155, 1821, p. p. 

Agaricu8 alcalinu8 var. vi8co8us SECR. Mycogr. Suisse, II, 312, 1833. 

Agaricu8 epipteryyiu8 Auct. plur. p. p .. 

Mycena epipterygia Auct. plur. p. p. 

Gregarious or caespitose. Pileus 1-3 cm. broad, conical or campanulate, 

then expanded; surface hygrophanous, whitish, grayish, 

then drab, finally reddish-brown, especially darker at the center, long 

remaining whitish at the margin, long striate, covered with a easily 

separable viscid pellicle; context whitish, becoming reddish-brown 

with age, thin, membranous, odour farinac'8ous; lamellae adnate, 

with a decurrent tooth, then grayish or flesh color, rarely spotted 

with reddish-brown, subdistant to subcrowded; stipe 4-10 cm. long,

130 

SANSHI IMAI 

1-3 mm. thick, equal, citron-yellow, sulphur yellow or golden yellow, 

viscid, whit,e fibrillose at the base, hollow; spores white in mass, 

broadly ellipsoidal, smooth, 8-10 x 6-8 f1; cystidia numerous, capitate, 

45-55 x 16-18 ,u • 

Hab. on or around rotten stumps of coniferous wood or among 

fallen leaves in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo, Jozankei, Mt. 

Kurodake), Kushiro (Mt. Meakan), Kitami (Oketo forest). • 


Jap. name. Akaha.-nameashitake (n. n.). 

7. Mycena citrinella (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 108, 

1872; Ench. Fung. 40, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 258, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 

120, 1879-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 296, 1887-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 84, 1893- 

W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 80, 1908-RIeKEN, Blatterp. 419, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 

397, 1922. 

Agaricus tenellus BATSCH, Elench.Fung. Cont. I, 103, pI. 18, f. 88, 1786 

(teste FR.). 

Agaricus citrinellus PERS. Icon. Desc. II, 44, pI. 11, f. 3, 1800; Syn. Fung. 

384, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Mycena) citrinellus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 155, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

116, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 150, 1874-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 74, 1871-WINT. 


Mycena tenella SACCo PI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 245, 1915. 

Solitary or in small clusters. Pileus 5-15 mm. broad, campanulate 

or conical-campanulate, then expanded to hemispherical or convex; 

surface picric-yellow at first, then becoming paler and nearly 

whitish, viscid, striate on the margin; context white, thin; lamellae 

subdecurrent, white, distant, rather broad; stipe 4-9 cm. long, 0.8- 

1;2 mm. thick, subequal, fistulose, concolorous, viscid, white fibrillose 

at the base; spores white in mass, oblong or ellipsoidal, 7.5-10 x 4- 

5 fl . 

Hab. on the ground among fallen leaves in woods. Summer 

to autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo, Mt. Teine, Mt. Kurodake), Iburi 

(Lake side of Shikotsu), Kushiro (Lake side of Akan) , Tokachi 

(Lake side of Shikaribetsu), Kitami (Oketo forest). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe. 

Jap. name. Ki-nameashitake (n. n.).


Sect. Lactipedes FR. 


Stipe and lamellae exuding a milky, usually colored juice when 

broken; stipe dry, rooting. 

8. Mycena haematopus (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 


Ench. Fung. 39, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 260, cum icone, 1874--KARST. Hattsv. 

I, 117, 1879-SACC. SylI. Fung. V, 291, 1887; FI. ltaI. Crypt., Hymen. 253, 1915- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 90, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 98, f. 102, 1903- 

W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 79, 1908-RrcKEN, BIatterp. 421, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. 

Mich. 783, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 394, 1922-BRES, Icon. Myc. V, pI. 247, f. 2, 

1928. 


Agaricus haema.topus PERS. Obs. Myc. II, 56, 1799; Syn. Fung. 379, 1801 

(teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Mycena) haematopu8 Fa. Obs. Myc. I, 33, 1815; Syst. Myc. I, 

149, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 114, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 148, 1874--CKE. Handb. Brit. 

Fung. I, 72, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 162, 1883; Handb. Austr. Fung. 24, 1892- 

WrNT. Die Pilze, I, 754, 1884-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 633, 1889. 

Galactopus haematopu8 EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 426, 1909- 

MURRILL, North Amer. FI. IX, 319, 1916. 

Gregarious, subcaespitose or solitary,. exuding blood-like juice 

from every wounded part. Pileus 1.5-4.5 cm. broad, conical, then 

eampanulate; surface whitish to dark reddish color with a purplish 

tinge, smooth, dry, margin slightly striate' and with denticulate veil; 

eontext subfleshy, thin, taste and odour none; lamellae white, then 

flesh color or vinaceous, adnate with a small decurrent tooth, subdistant; 

stipe 9-11 cm. long, 2-3 mm. thick, slightly attenuated upward, 

subconcolorous, smooth, but white-downy at the base, hollow, 

rigid, cartilaginous; spores white in mass, ellipsoidal, 9-11 x 5.5- 

6.5 fl . 

. Hab. on humus soil or much decayed wood in woods. Summer 

to autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo, Mt. Teine, Sapporo, Ml. Kurodake), 

Oshima (Onomura), Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu), Kushiro (Lake 

side of Akan, Mt. Meakan). 


Australia. 

Jap. name. Chishio-take (IMAI, KAWAMURA).


OutI. Brit. Fung. 133, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 81, 1871-WINT. Die 

Pilze, I, 742, 1884. 

Omphalina campanella QUEL. Ench: Fung. 45, 1886. 

Omphalia /ragilis SACCo FI. ltal. Crypt., Hymen. 297, 1915. 

Omphalopsis campanella MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 313, 1916. 

Caespitose or gregarious. Pileus 8-20 mm. broad, campanulate 

or convex, then umbilicate or subinfundibuliform; surface yellowferruginous, 

dull orange-yellow or tinged reddish, glabrous, striate, 

hygrophanous; context concolorous, thin, membranous, taste and 

odour none; lamellae adnate-decurrent to deeply decurrent, yellowishwhite, 

somewhat crowded to subdistant, prominently connected by 

veins; stipe 1-3 em. long, 0.5-2 mm. thick, equal, fistulose, at first 

yellow above and date-brown below, at length date-brown at all, 

glabrous, rigid, polished, base whitish or yellowish hairy; spores 

white in mass, ellipsoidal, smooth, 6-7.5 x 3-3.5 p. 

Hab. on decorticated rotten coniferous wood in woods. Summer 

to autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo). 


North Almerica. 

Jap. name. Hime-kabairo-take (MATSUURA & KANADA). 

3. Omphalia umbratilis (FR.) GILL. 


Syll. Fung. V, 330, 1887; FI. ItaI. Crypt., Hymen. 298, 1915-MAss. Brit. 

Fung. FI. II, 399, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 88, 1908---RICKEN, BHitterp. 

399, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 824, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 432, 1922-BRES. 

Icon. Myc. VI, pI. 267, f. 1, 1928-CEIJ, Rev. Cent. Eur. Sp. Omphalia-Mycena, 

II, 68, 1929. 

Agaricus (Mycena) umbratilis FR. Syst. Myc. I, 157, 1821. 

Agaricus (Omphuliu) umbrutilis FR. Epicr. Myc. 127, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 


Omphalina umbratilis QUEL. Ench. Fung. 45, 1886. 

Gregarious or solitary. Pileus 1-3 cm. broad, subcampanulate 

to convex, then convex-umbilicate; surface glabrous, hygrophanous, 

black-fuscous or umber-fuscous when moist, hoary when dry, margin 

striatulate; context concolorous, odour and taste none; lamellae 

adnate-decurrent, crowded, becoming fuscous-white, broad; stipe 2- 

5 cm. long, about 2 mm. thick, equal, stuffed, glabrous, subconcolorous; 

spores white in mass, long-ellipsoidal, 7-9 x 4-5 p.

136 

SANSHI IMAI 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Mt. Kurodake) 

. 


Jap. name. Ko-kuro-sakazuki-take (n. n.). 

MarasmiusFR. 

Gen. Hymen. 9, 1836; Epicr. Myc. 372, 1838. 

Androsaceus PAT. Hymen. Eur. 105, 1887. 

Marasmius § Eumarasmius KARST. Finl. Basidsv. 96, 1889. 

Mycetinis EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 414, 1909. 

Collybiopsis EARLE, Ibid. V, 415, 1909. 

Scorteus EARLE, Ibid. V, 415, 1909. 

Fructification without volva and annulus, usually reviving with 

moisture, not putrescent. PHeus subfieshy, subcoriaceous or coriaceous, 

usually membranous, regular or resupinate; margin incurved 

or not. Stipe central or wanting, cartilaginous or horny. Lamellae 

adnate, adnexed, decurrent or free, pliant, rather tough. Spores 

white in mass. 

Type species: Agaricus androsaceus LINN. ex FR. 

Key to the sections, subsections and species in Hokkaido. 

I. Pileus fleshy-tough, at length subcoriaceous, sulcate or corrugate, at first 

involute at the margin; stipe subcartilaginous............ Sect. Collybiae. 

A. Stipe solid or stuffed to hollow, externally villose ...... Subsect. Scortei. 

1. Stipe pubescent with white villous down; pileus pinkish-buff, 

smooth ....................................... llf. confl,uens(l). 

2. Stipe nearly smooth or slightly villous-pubescent; pileus reddishbrown, 

becoming yellowish-buff................... M. orcadcs (2) . 

II. Pileus submembranous, at first straight and adpressed to the stipe at the 

margin; stipe coriaceous ................................. Sect. Mycenae. 

A. Stipe rigid, rooting or dilated at the base .......... Subsect. Chordales. 

1. Stipe glabrous, shining, blackish-brown; pileus ochraceous or cinnamon, 

radiate-sulcate; lamellae few, very distant ..... M. siccus (3). 

B. Stipe filiform, flaccid, inserted at the base; pileus soon becoming plane 

or umbilicate; epiphyllous......................... Subsect. Rotulae. 

1. Stipe glabrous, shining; lamellae attached to a collor free from the 

stipe. 

a. Pileus white or whitish; stipe shining, blackish-brown ........ . 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. lVI. rotula (4) ; 

b. Pileus pale-rufous; stipe shining-black...... M. graminum (5) .

138 

SANSHI IMAI 

very narrow and crowded, whitish, then slightly discolored; stipe 4- 

12 cm. long, 1.5-4 mm. thick, equal or slightly enlarged at the base, 

often compressed, concolorous or light chestnut-brown, pubescent with 

white villous down, confluent at the base, hollow; spores white in 

mass, ellipsoidal, about 7 x 3.5 p • 

Hab. among fallen leaves, mostly in deciduous woods. Summer 

to autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo), Iburi (Lake side of Shikotsu). 


America. 

Jap. name. Ama-take (KAWAMURA). 

2. MaTasmius oTeades [BOLT.] FR. 

Epicr. Myc. 375, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 467, 1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. 

Fung. 219, pi. 14, f. 5, 1860-KICKX, FI. Crypt. Flandr. II, 210, 1867-CKE. 

Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 233, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 1118, 1890-QUEL. Champ. 

Jura Vosg. I" in Mem. Soc. D'Emui. Month. 2 ser. \11, 219, 1872; Ench. Fung. 142, 

1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 368, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 166, 1879- 

WI NT. Die Pilze, I, 512, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 510, 1887-MASS. Brit. Fung. 

FI. III, 156, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 131, f. 129, 1903-W. G. SM. Brit. 

Basid. 301, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 50, f. 107, 1910-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 

75, pI. 24, f. 5, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 61, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 519, 

1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. X, pi. 490, 1929. 

Agaricus ca1'yophyllaeus SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 33, pI. 77, 1774 

(teste FR.). 

Agaricus oreades BOLT. Hist. Fung. Halif. pI. 151, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus pratensis Sow. EngI. Fung. pI. 247, 1803 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitocybe) oreades FR. Syst. Myc. I, 127, 1821-BERK. in SMITH, 

EngI. FI. V, (2), 48, 1836. 

Marasmius caryophylleus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 561, 1889-MuRRILL, 

North Amer. FI. IX, 271, 1915-SACC. FI. ItaI. Crypt., Hymen. 472, 1915. 

Scorteus oreades EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 415, 1909. 

Gregarious, usually forming a fairy ring or arc, edible. Pileus 

2-6 cm. broad, convex, obtuse or broadly umbonate; surface hygrophanous, 

reddish brown when young or wet, fading to yellowish fleshcolor 

or yellowish buff or rarely whitish when dry, glabrous, margin 

at first involute, even or substriate when wet; context pallid or paleochraceous, 

rather thick at the disk, somewhat tough, odour and taste 

agreeable; lamellae fr,ee or rounded behind, whitish or pale y,ellowish, 

broad, distant; stipe 4-8 cm. long, 2-5 mm. tIiick, equal, very tough, 

whitish, slightly villous-pubescent or nearly smooth, solid; spores 

white in mass, ellipsoidal, 7-9 x 4-5 p, smooth.


Hab. on rotting fallen leav·es in woods. Summer to autumn. 

Ishikari (N opporo ) . 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), North America. 

Jap. name. Harigane-ochibatake (KAWAMURA). 

Epicr. Myc. 384, 1838. 

Subsect. Rotulae FR. 

Stipe filiform, flaccid, inserted at the base. Pileus soon becoming 

somewhat plane or umbilicate. Growing on leaves. 

4. Marasmius rotula [ScoP.] FR. 

Epicr. Myc. 385, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 477, 1874--:BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 

222, pI. 14, f. 7, 1860-KICKX, Flo Crypt. Flandr. II, 211, 1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. 

Fung. I, 238, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 1129, f. A, 1890; Handb. Austr. Fung. 86, 

1892-QuEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D' Ernul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 223, 

1872; Ench. Fung. 145, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 363, cum icone, 1874-KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 176, 1879-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 505, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 541, 

1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 482, 1915-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 558, 1889- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. III, 168, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 305, 1908-RoLLAND, 

Atlas Champ. 50, f. 109, 1910-MuRRILL, North Amer. Flo IX, 282, 1915-RICKEN, 

Bliitterp. 80, pI. 25, f. 10, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 78, 1918-BREs. Icon. Myc. 

XI, pI. 502, f. 1, 1929. 

Agaricus rotula ScoP. Flo Carn. ed. 2, II, 456, 1772 (teste FR.)-SOW. Engl. 

Fung. pI. 95, 1797-PERs. Syn. Fung. 467, 1801. 

Agaricus androsaceus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 64 & 569, f. 3, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus nigripes SCHRAD. Spic. Flo Germ. 129, 1794 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Collybia) Rotula FR. Syst. Myc. I, 136, 1821. 

Androsaeeus rotula PAT. Hymen. Eur. 105, 1887-REA, Brit. Basid. 531, 

1922. 

Gregarious or solitary. Pileus 2-5 mm. or more broad, convex, 

umbilicate, membranous; surface white or whitish, becoming brownish 

when dry, plicate, not polished, margin undulato-crenate; lamellae 

attached to a collar free from the stipe, white or whitish, becoming 

yellowish when dry, few, broad, distant; stipe 1-5 cm. long, filiform, 

fistulose, equal, blackish-brown, smooth, horny, shining; spores white 

in mass, ovate-oblong or lanceolate-fusiform, acutely attenuated at one 

end, 6-9 x 3-4 ,u • 

Hab. on fallen leaves, twigs in woods. Summer to autumn. 

Ishikari (N opporo ) .


Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Asia Minor, Siberia, Europe, 

North America, Africa, Australia. 

Jap. name. Shiro-hime-hOraitake (n. n.). 

5. Marasmius graminum (LIBERT) BERK. et BR. 

in BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 222, pI. 14, f. 8, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. 

Fung. I, 239, 1871-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. T, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 

ser. V, 223, 1872; Ench. Fung. 145, 1886-FR. Hymen. Eur. 477, 1874-GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 363, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 176, 1879-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 504, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 542, 1887; Fl. ItaI. Crypt., Hymen. 481, 1915 

:"-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 557, 1889-MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. III, 169, 1893-W. 

G. SM. Brit. Basid. 305, 1908-RICKEN, Bllltterp. 80, pI. 25, f. 9, 1915-MuRRILL, 

North Amer. Fl. IX, 283, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 79, 1918. 

[YASUDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXIX, (169), 1915J 

Agaricus graminum LIBERT, Pl. Crypt. Ard. Exs. no. 119, 1832. 

Androsaceus graminum PAT. Hymen. Eur. 105, 1887-REA, Brit. Basid. 

531, 1922. 

Gregarious. Pileus 2-5 mm. or more broad, convex to plane, 

umbonate; surface pale rufous, paler at the furrows, brown at the 

umbo, sulcate; lamellae attached to a collar free from the stipe, 

whitish or cream-colored, few, subventricose, distant; stipe 1-4 cm. 

long, capillary, shining-black, whitish at the apex, glabrous; spores 

white in mass, ellipsoidal, 8-10 x 4-5 fl . 

Hab. on leaves and culms of grass'es. Summer to autumn. 



Jap. name. Hime-hOrai-take (YASUDA). 

Tribe Lentineae IMAI, nom. nov. 

Fructificatio carnoso-coriacea, coriacea vel lignea, lenta, revivescens, 

persistens, velata vel avelata. Stipes praesens vel nullus. 

Lamellae acie dentatae, integerrimae, obtusae crispaeque, vel longitudinaliter 

fissae. Sporae in cumulo albae vel sordide albae.


2. Pileus coarsely tomentose on the base, glabrous and even on the 

margin, pinkish-cinnamon or pale reddish brown ... , L. ursinus (5) . 

B. Fructification small, subsessile or sessile; pileus glabrous, fawn colored. 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L. fiabelliformis (6). 

Hymen. Eur. 481, 1874. 

Sect. Mesopodes FR. 

Pileus nearly entire; stipe distinct. 

Ibid. 481, 1874. 

Subsect. Lepidei FR. 

Pileus scaly, more or less manifestly veiled. 

1. Lentinus lepideus FR. 

Syst. Orb. Veg. I, 78, 1825; Epicr. Myc. 390, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 481, 

1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 225, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 242, 1871; 

Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 1140, 1890; Handb. Austr. Fung. 91, 1892-QUEL. Champ. Jura 

Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Month. 2 ser. V, 225, 1872; Ench. Fung. 150, 1886 

-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 381, cum icone, 1874-KARsT. Hattsv. I, 245, 1879-WINT. 

Die Pilze, I, 501, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 581, 1887-MAss. Brit. Fung. FI. 

II, 313, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 309, 1908-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. 

pI. 10, f. 13-15, 1914-RICKEN, BHitterp. 83, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 53, 

pI. 6, 1918-HARPER, Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts & L€tt. XX, 371, pI. 14, 16, 

17, 1921-REA, Brit. Basid. 537, 1922. 

[KAWAMURA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXIII, (356), 1909-MATSUURA & 

KANADA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 114, 1931] 

Agaricus squamosus SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 15, pI. 29-30, 1774 

(teste FR.). 

Agaricus lepideu8 FR. Obs. Myc. I, 21, 1815; Syst. Myc. I, 176, 1821. 

Lentinus sujJrutescens FR. Syst. Orb. Veg. I, 78, 1825; Epicr. Myc. 393, 

1838 (teste MURRILL). 

Lentinus squwmosus QUEL. FI. Myc. 328, 1888-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 

556, 1889-SACC. FI. ItaI. Crypt., Hymen. 495, 1915-BRES. Icon. Myc. XI, pI. 510, 

1929. . 

Lentinus magnus PK. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, XXIII, 413, 1896 (teste 

MURRILL). 

Leniinu8 spretus PK. 105 Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 24, 1906 (teste MURRILL). 

Lentodium squamosum MURRILL, Mycologia, III, 27, 1911; North Amer. Fl. 

IX, 296, 1915. 

Solitary or caespitose, edible. Pileus 5-15 cm. broad, convex, 

then expanded to nearly plane, sometimes slightly depressed in the 

center and sometimes umbonate; surface white or pale-ochraceous, 

the pellicle cracking and usually forming brownish, spot-like scales, 

which are sometimes almost black, dry; context white, thick, fleshy to


tough, compact, hard when dry, with agreeable odour; lamellae 

sinuate or sinuato-decurrent, subdistant, broad, transversely lacerate 

and dentate-serrate on the edges, white, then yellowish; stipe 2-8 cm. 

long, 10-15 mm. thick, subequal, often pointed and rooted at the base, 

concolorous, blackish at the base, fibrillose-squamosre, solid, sometimes 

excentric; annulus fixed, white, often disappearing; spores white in 

mass, long-oblong or subcylindric, smooth, 10-15 x 4-5 fl • 

Hab. on structural timbers or living or rotting trunks, especially 

of coniferous trees. Summer to autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo), 

Kuriles (Matsuwa Is.). 


Siberia, Asia Minor, Australia. 

Jap. name. Matsu-6ji (KAWAMURA). 

Hymen. Eur. 482, 1874. 

Pileus villose or pulverulent. 

Subsect. Pulverulenti FR. 

2. Lentinus pulverulentus [SCOP.] FR. 

Epicr. Myc. 391, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 483, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 500, 

1884-QUEL. Ench. Fung. 151, 1886-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 588, 1887-MASS. Brit. 

Fung. Fl. II, 314, 1893-REA Brit. Basid. 538, 1922. 

Agaricus pulverulentus ScoP. Flo Carn. ed. 2, II, 434, 1772 (teste FR.). 

Subcaespitose. Pileus 3.5-6 cm. broad, convex, then plane; surface 

mikado-brown and mealy with white powders when young, then 

becoming warm-buff and with tawny colored slender radial lines on 

the center and paler with mealy powders on the margin, margin incurved 

at first, then upturned, paler, having white villi; context white, 

fleshy, pliant, taste and odour pleasant; lamellae long decurrent, 

whitish or pallid, rather distant, s,errate on the edge, broad; stipe 4- 

6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick, attenuated downward or subequal, paler 

than the pileus, pulverulently tomentose, stuffed; spores white in 

mass, long elliptical or subcylindrical-elliptic, smooth, 6-10 x 2.5-3 f1. • 

Hab. on structural timbers or dead wood of conifers. Spring 

to summer. Ishikari (Sapporo, Mt. Teine), Kitami (Naetaro). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, ?North America. 

Jap. name. Namiha-take, (n. n.).


Hymen. Eur. 483, 1874. 

Pileus glabrous. 

Subsect. Cochleati FR. 

3. Lentinus cochleatus [PERS.] FR. 

SYst. Orb. Veg. I, 78, 1825; Epicr. Myc. 394, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 484, 

1874-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 226, pI. 19, f. 4, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 

242, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pl. 1142, f. A, 1890; Handb. Austr. Fung. 93, 1892- 

QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 225, 1872; 

Ench. Fung. 150, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 381, cum icone, 1874-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 498, 1884-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 594, 1887; F!. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 489, 1915- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 315, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 310, 190B-RICKEN, 

BUitterp. 86, pI. 26, f. 1, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 55, 1918-HARPER, Trans. 

Wisc. Acad. Sci. Arts & Lett. XX, 379, pI. 23, 1921-REA, Brit. Basid. 539, 1922 

-BRES. Icon. Myc. XI, pI. 513, 1929. 

Agaricus cornucopioides BOLT. Hist. Fung. Half. 8, pI. 8, 1788 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus cochleatus PERS. Disp. Fung. 22, 1797; Syn. Fung. 450, 1801 

(teste FR.); Myc. Eur. III, 51, 1828. 

Agaricus confiuens Sow. Eng!. Fung. pi. 168, 1799 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Omphalia) cochleatus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 177, 1821. 

Lentinellus cochleatus KARST. Hattsv. I, 247, 1879. 

Lentinus cornucopioides SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 555, 1889. 

LentineUus cornucopioides MURRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 295, 1915. 

Caespitose and imbricate. Pileus 3-9 cm. broad, irregular, very 

unequal, ear-shaped, spathulate, nearly plane or depressed at the 

center and cyathiform or infundibuliform-umbilicate; surface glabrous, 

light-ochraceous-buff, light pinkish-cinnamon or pinkish-cinnamon 

to mikado-brown, paler when dry, somewhat lobed or contorted; 

context whitish or subconcolorous, odour anise, taste mild; lamellae 

decurrent, close, whitish tinged with flesh color, edge serrulate, thin; 

stipe 2-8 cm. long, 5-15 mm. thick, excentric, sublateral or central, 

branched, confluent at the base, deeply sulcate, glabrous, firm, solid, 

concolorous or slightly darker; spores white in mass, subglobose, 

smooth, 3-5 f-l • 

Hab. on or about old stumps or buried wood in woods. Summer 

to autumn. Ishikari (Nopporo, Mt. Kurodake). 



Jap. name. Mimi-namihatake (n. n.).


Panellus stipticus KARST. Hattsv. I, 96, 1879-MuRRILL, North Amer. Fl. 

IX, 244, 1915. 

Lentinus stipticus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 554, 1889. 

[YASUDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXX, 395, 1916] 

Panus semipetiolatus SACCo Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 498, 1915. 

Gregarious, caespitose, densely imbricated, said to be poisonous. 

Pileus 1-2 cm. broad, convex, reniform; surface dry, variable in 

color, pinkish-buff to cinnamon, margin incurved, rarely undulate, 

pellicle broken up into mealy granules; context thin, elastic, yellowish, 

taste very astringent; lamellae ochraceous or cinnamon, becoming 

darker when dry, very narrow, crowded, thin, ending determinately, 

connected by veins; stipe 2-4 mm. long, 2-4 mm. thick, 

lateral, dilated upward, flattened, ascending, pruinose, grayish or 

paler then the lamellae, coriaceous, solid; cystidia present on the 

edge of lamellae, lanceolate, about 30-50 x 2.5-3.5 f1; spores white 

in mass, ellipsoidal, about 5 x 2.5 f1 • 

Hab. on the rotten bark of various kinds of trees in woods. 

Summer to autumn. Oshima (Onomura), Iburi (Chitose, Lake side 

of Shikotsu), Ishikari (Sapporo, Nopporo, J6zankei, Mt. Kurodake), 

Kushiro (Lake side of Akan, Mt. Meakan), Kitami (Oketo forest). 


North America, Australia. 

Jap. name. Wasabi-take (KAWAMURA), Hime-Kawaki-take (YA 

SUDA) . 

Trogia FR. 

Genera Hymen. 10, 1836, p. p.; Epicr. Myc. 402, 1838, p. p.; Hymen. 

Eur. 491, 1874. 

Plicatura PK. 24 Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Mus. 75, 1872-MuRRILL, North 

Amer. Fl. IX, 163, 1910, p. p.-REA, Brit. Basid. 625, 1922. 

Fructification without universal and partial veils, spongycoriaceous 

or coriaceous, reviving with moisture, sessile or substipitate. 

Pileus soft, faccid, dimidiate. Lamellae obtusely veined, 

fold-like, lamella-like in front, crisped and branched behind, fertile 

on the edge; spores white in mass. 

Type species: Cantharellus crispus [PERS.] FR.

152 

SANSHIIMAI 

Schizophyllum FR. 

Obs. Myc. I, 103, 1815; Syst. Myc. I, 5 & 330, 1821. 

Schizonia PERS. Myc. Eur. III, 14, 1828. 

Hyponevris PAUL. ex EARLE, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 411, 1909. 

Fructification without universal and partial veils, coriaceous, 

reviving with moisture, sessile or substipitate. Pileus resupinate, 

sessile or lateral. Lamellae radiating from a central point, becoming 

longitudinally split and revolute at the edge. Spores white in mass. 

Type species: SchizophyUum commune FR. 

Schizophyllum commune FR. 

Obs. Myc. I, 103, 1915; Syst. Myc. I, 330, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 403, 1838; 

Hymen. Eur. 492, 1874-BERK. in SMITH, EngI. FI. V, (2), 130, 1836; OutI. 

Brit. Fung. 228, 1860-KICKX, FI. Crypt. Flandr. II, 213, 1867-CKE. Handb. 

Brit. Fung. I, 247, f. 60, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 1114, f. B, 1890; Handb. Austr. 

Fung. 100, 1892-QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 2 

ser. V, 228, 1872; Ench. Fung. 154, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 375, cum icone, 

1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 245, 1879-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 493, 1884-SACC. Syll. 

Fung. V, 655, 1887-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 302, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 

314, f. 71, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 49, f. 105, 1910-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. 

Fung. pI. 15, f. 4-7, 1915-RICKEN, Bllitterp. 90, pI. 26, f. 6, 1915-KAuFFM. 

Agar. Mich. 43, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 452, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. XI, pI. 522, 

1922-LINDER, Amer. Journ. Bot. XX, 555, pI. 33, f. 6, pI. 34, f. 1, pI. 35, f. 1-6, 

1933. 

[OKUBO, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), II, (1), 188B-LLOYD, Myc. Writ. III, Letter, 

No. 38, p. 10, 1911; Ibid. No. 42, p. 13, 16, 1912; Ibid. No. 63, p. 7, 1916; Ibid. 

No. 65, p. 6, 1917-UMEMURA, PI. Fujiyama. 372, 1923-MATsUURA & KANADA, 

Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. III, 114, 1931] 

Agaricus alneus L. Sp. PI. 1176, 1753 (teste FR.). 

Schizonia vulgaris PERS. Myc. Eur. III, 14, 1828. 

Schizophyllum alneum SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 553, 1889-SACC. Fl. ItaI. 

Crypt., Hymen. 511, 1915-MuRRILL, North Amer. Fl. IX, 237, 1915. 

[Po HENN. ENGLERS Bot. Jahrb. XXVIII, 270, 1901; Ibid. XXXII, 40, 1903 

-MATSUM. Ind. PI. Jap. I, 172, 1904-UMEMURA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXVI, 

(153), 1912-YAsuDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXVI, (20), 1912-NAKAJI, Bot. Mag. 

(Tokyo), XXX, (102), 1916-SAWADA, Descr. Cat. Formosan Fung. I, 515, 1919] 

Gregarious, caespitose, imbricated. Pileus 1-3 cm. broad and 

long, flabelliform or suborbicular or often much lobed, sessile by the 

narrowed base, often pendulous; surface whitish, grayish or brownish, 

very hairy, tomentose or strigose, reviving with moisture; context 

very arid, whitish or brownish; lamellae radiating from the point


of attachment of the pileus, longitudinally splitting and revolute at 

edge, narrow, whitish, grayish, or brownish, hirsute on the abhymenial 

side; spores white in mass, cylindrical and obliquely apiculate, 

4-7 x 1.5-2 ,u. 

Hab. on dead wood of various kinds of trees and stems of herbs. 

All seasons. Common in our district. 

Distr. Cosmopolitan in the temperate regions. 

J ap. name. Suehiro-take (OKUBO), 

Subfam. Volvarioideae lMAI, nom. nov. 

Hyporhodii FR. Epicr. Myc. 138, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 182, 1874. 

Rhodospo1"i QUEL. Ench. Fung. 54, 1886. 

Rhodosporae SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 656, 1887. 

Trama fioccosa, carnosa, mollis, non vesiculosa. Hymenium 

superficiem lamellae acris tegit. Sporae in cumulo rosae vel roseorubiginosae, 

in plurimis angulosae. 

Tribe Volvarieae lMAI, nom. nov. 

Volvariees ROZE, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. XXIII, 51 & 111, 1876, p. p. 

Pluteinees ROZE, Ibid. 51 & 111, 1876, p. p. 

Pluteides FAYOD, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 7 ser. IX, 363, 1889. 

Volvariees KONUAD et MAUBL. Icon. Sel. Fung. 28 & 51, 1925. 

Fructificatio juvenile volo universali partialiv08 clausa vel nulla. 

Pileus a stipite discretus separabilisque. Lamellae vulgo liberae. 

Key to the genera in: Tribe Volvarieae. 

1. Fructification V'rith volva and without annulus....... . . . . . . . . . .. Volvaria. 

2. Fructification without annulus and vol va........................ Pluteus. 

V olvaria (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 62 & 114, 

1872. 

Volvarius ROUSSEL, FI. Calvados, ed. 2, 59, 1806.


Agaricus (Volvaria) bombycinus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 277, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

138,1838; Hymen. Eur. 182, 1874-BERK. in SMITH, Engl. FI. V. (2),104,1836; 

OutI. Brit. Fung. 139, pI. 7, f. 1, 1860-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. Fl.. I, 512, 1844- 

BARLA, Champ. Nice, 50, pI. 25, f. 1-5, 1859-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 84, 

1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 293, 1886; Handb. Austr. Fung. 37, 1892-WINT. Die 

Pilze, I, 730, 1884. 

Volvario1Jsis bombycina MURRILL, Mycologia, III, 281, 1911; North Amer. 

Fl. X, 143, 1917. 

Volvaria bombycina var. Maxima PILAT, Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. XLVIII, 293, 

pI. 30-31, 1932. 

Solitary. Pileus 10-23 cm. or more broad, globose, then campanulate, 

finally nearly umbonate; surface dry, white, d·ensely 

covered with white or yellowish silky-fibrous hairs, disc rarely becoming 

smooth and darker, often provided with patches of the volva; 

context white, becoming yellowish, taste and. odour none; lamellae 

free or remote, white at first, then pinkish, broad, crowded, ventricose, 

waved at the edge; stipe 10-20 cm. long, 8-20 mm. thick, attenuated 

upward, bulbous at the base, usually curved, white, silky-fibrous; 

volva large, persistent, white or whitish at first, then discolored to 

yellowish or brownish,. ensheathing the base of stipe, membranous, 

lax, torn irregularly at the top, up to 10 cm. long; spores pink in 

mass, broadly ellipsoidal, 7.5-9 x 6-6.5 f1.. 

Hab. on dead wood or bark of living trees. Summer to autumn. 


Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Bonin Islands), Europe, North 

America, Australia, Africa, Siberia, Asia Minor. 

Jap. name. Kinu-o-fukuro-take (IMAI). 

PILAT reported a gigantic variety from Asia Minor whose pileus 

is 25 cm. broad. It was growing on Abies BornmueUeriana MATTF. 

Our gigantic specimen was 23 cm. in width of the pileus and growing 

on the bark of living Ulmus japonica SARG. 

2. Volvaria volvacea (BULL. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Ench. Fung. 54, 1886-SACC. Syl!. Fung. V, 657, 1887; Flo Ital. Crypt., 

Hymen. 517, 1915-SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 621, 1889-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. 

II, 293, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 98, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 56, f. 

122, 1910-RICKEN, BHitterp. 273, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 94, 1922. 


Agaricus volvaceus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 262, 1791 (teste FR.)-SOW. 

EngI. Fung. pI. 1, 1797. 

Amanita virgata PERS. Syn. Fung. 249, 1801 (teste FR.).


Solitary. Pileus 6-8 cm. broad, globose, then campanulate, at 

length plane; surface whitish, grayish or drab, glabrous, viscid when 

wet, context white, taste and odour none; lamellae free, white, becoming 

pinkish or yellowish, attenuated to both ends, moderately 

crowded; stipe 10-12 cm. long, 8-20 mm. thick, equal or slightly 

attenuated upward, subbulbous at the base, white, covered with white 

powdery small scales, solid; volva large, white, membranous, edge 

deeply free and torn irregularly; spores pink in mass, ellipsoidal, 

13.5-15.5 x 7-8.5 fl. 



Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, North America, Australia. 

Jap. name. Shiro-fukuro-take (IMAI). 

4. Volvaria gloiocephala (DC. ex FR.) GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 387, 1874-QUEL. Ench. Fung. 54, 1886-8ACC. 8yli. Fung. 

V, 662, 1887; FI. Itai. Crypt., Hymen. 514, 1915-MAss. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 295, 

1893-W. G. 8111. Brit. Basid. 98, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 57, f. 124, 1910- 

RICKEN, BUitterp. 272, pI. 70, f. 2, 1915-KAuFFM. Agar. Mich. 529, 1918-REA, 

Brit. Basid. 95, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. XI, pI. 529, 1929. 


Agaricus gloiocephalus DC. FI. Fr. VI, 52, 1815 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Volvaria) gloiocephalus FR. 8yst. Myc. I, 278, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

140, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 183, 1874-BARLA, Champ. Nice, 52, pI. 26, f. 1-8, 1859- 

CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 86, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 298, 1886-WINT. Die 

Pilze, I, 729, 1884. 

Volvariopsis gloiocephala MURRILL, North Amer. FI. X, 144, 1917. 

Solitary. Pileus 7.5-12.5 cm. broad, campanulate, then expanded, 

becoming plane with a little umbo; surface slightly viscid, smooth, 

cinereous, densely covered with dark brown streaked ad pressed fibrils, 

margin short striate; context fleshy, soft, silky-spongy, whit.e, thick, 

but very thin at the margin, taste and odour none; lamellae free, 

white at first, then flesh color, ventricose, crowded, slightly serrulate 

at the edge; stipe 10-16 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. thick, attenuated upward, 

subbulbous at the base, white, smooth and subglabrous at first, then 

villose and discolored, solid; volva membranous, rather thin, not 

large, white or yellowish, persistent, irregularly torn, ensheathing 

the base of stipe, villous outside; spores pink in mass, ellipsoidal, 

. 10-14 x 6-8 Jl •


1. Pluteus cervinus (SCHAEFF. ex FR.) QUEL. 


Ench. Fung. 55, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 393, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. 

1,252, 1879-SAcc. Syll. Fung. V, 665, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 525, 1915- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 284, 1893-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 138, f. 135, 

1903-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 100, f. 23, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 57, f. 

125, 1910-RICKEN, BUitterp. 276, pI. 71, f. 1, 1915-MuRRILL, North Amer. FI. 

X, 134, 1917-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 537, pI. 103, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 56, 

1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. XI, pI. 534, 1929. 

Agaricus ce?'vinus SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 6, pI. 10, 1774 (teste 

FR.). 

Agaricus lividus BULL. Champ. Fr. pI. 382, 1787 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus latus BOLT. Hist. Fung. Halif. 2, pI. 2, 1788 (teste FR.)-SOW. 

Engl. Fung. pI. 108, 1797. 

Agaricus pluteus PERS. Syn. Fung. 357, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitopilus) Pluteus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 199, 1821-BERK. in SMITH, 

Engl. FI. V, (2), 79, 1836. 

Agaricus (Pluteus) cervinus FR. Epicr. Myc. 140, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 185, 

1874-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. FI. I, 511, 1844-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 141, 1860 

-KICKX, FI. Crypt. Flandr. II, 161, 1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I; 87, 1871; 

Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 301, 1886; Handb. Austr. Fung. 38, 1892-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 

728, 1884. 

Rhodosporus (Pluteus) cervinus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 620, 1889. 

Solitary, edible. Pileus 5-9 cm. broad, campanulate to nearly 

plane; surface avellaneous to subfuliginous, darker at the center, 

nearly smooth or with radiating fibrils or minute scales, slightly viscid 

when wet; context white, rather thin, soft, no taste; lamellae free, 

white at first, then pinkish or flesh colored, rounded behind, broad, 

crowded; stipe 6-12 cm. long, 6-12 mm. thick, equal, subbulbous at 

the base, white above, concolorous at the base, subglabrous, context 

white, solid, brittle; spores salmon-colored in mass, broadly ellipsoidal, 

smooth, 6.5-7.5 x 5-6 p. 

Hab. on the ground or on much decayed wood in woods. Summer 

to autumn. lshikari (Sapporo, Mt. Teine, Mt. Moiwa, J6zankei, 

Nopporo, S6unbetsu), Iburi (Chitose, Lake side of Shikotsu), Oshima 

(Unomura), Kushiro (Lake side of Akan) , Kitami (Oketo forest). 



Jap. name. Shikatake (IMAI). 

2. Pluteus salicinus (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. in I, Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Montb. 2 ser. V, 115, 

1872; Ench. Fung. 55, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 393, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 254,


1879-SACC. SyU. Fung. v, 668, 1887-MASS. Brit. Fung. Flo II, 286, 1893-W. 

G. SM. Brit. Basid. 101, 1908-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 280, pI. 70, f. 5, 1915-KAUFFM. 

Agar. Mich. 539, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 59, 1922. 

Agaricus salicinus PERS. Icon. Deser. Fung. I, 9, .1798; Syn. Fung. 344, 

1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Leptonia) salicinus FR. Syst. Mye. I, 202, 1821. 

Agaricus (Pluteus) salicinus FR. Epier. Mye. 141, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 186, 

1874-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. Fl. I, 511, 1844-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 727, 1884eKE. 

Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 1169, f. A, 1891. 

Rhodospo1'US (Pluteus) salicinus SCHROET. Pilze Sehles. I, 620, 1889. 

Solitary or in small clusters. Pileus 2-5 cm. broad, convex to 

expanded, broadly umbonate; surface- bluish-gray, then cinereous or 

smoky-umber, darker at the disc, pruinose-velvety, (sometimes floccose-rugulose), 

disc flocculose, margin subglabrous and slightly 

striate; context white, tinged with green; lamellae free, rather close, 

white at first, then flesh-colored, edge concolorous; stipe 2-5 cm. long, 

2-6 mm. thick, nearly equal, often enlarged at the base, usually curved, 

whitish at first, soon or then becoming white-azure-blue, shining, 

fragile, stuffed; spores flesh-colored in mass, broadly ellipsoidal, 

smooth, 7.5-9 x 5-7 #; cystidia fusoid, hyaline, 2-4-prolonged at the 

apex, stout. 

Hab. on decaying deciduous wood in woods. Summer. Ishikari 

(Nopporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, North Almerica. 

Jap. name. Birodo-benihidatake (n. n.). 

Our fungus may be a form of this species, because the pileus is' 

pruinose-velvety and not flocculos-e-rugulose which has been stated by 

many authors. It, however, is identical in habit with the typical 

species in all other respects. 

3. Pluteus macrosporus IMAI, sp. nov. 

Solitarius. Pileo circa 8 cm. lato, subconico, dein umbonato, sicco, 

levi, sericeo-fibrilloso, albido v·el disco fumoso, margine albo, integri 

vel leviter sulcato; carne albida, molli, crassa; lamellis liberis, primo 

albis, dein roseis, distantibus, acie leviter serrulatis; stipite' usque ad 

15 cm. longo, 1 cm. cral?SO, sursum attenuato, albido, supra floccoso, 

subtus fibroso vel floccoso, solido; sporis in cumulo roseis, ellipsoideis, 

levibus, 13.75-15.5 x 8-10 f1 • 


Distr. Endemic.


Jap. name. Skiro-benihidatake (n. n.). 

The present fungus somewhat resembles P. cervinus f. albus 

from which it is easily distinguished by the larger spores. 

4. Pluteus pellitus (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ: Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Month. 2 ser. V, 115, pI. 5, 

f. 4, 1872; Ench. Fung. 56, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 392, cum icone, 1874- 

KARST. Hattsv. I, 255, 1879-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 668, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., 

Hymen. 522, 1915-MAss. Brit. Fung. FL II, 287, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 

101, 1908-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 277, pI. 71, f. 2, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 59, 1922- 

BRES. Icon. Myc. XI, pI. 536, 1929. 

Agaricus pellitus PERS. Syn. Fung. 366, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricu8 (Clitopilu8) pellitu8 FR. Syst. Myc. I, 198, 1821. 

Agaricu8 (Pluteus) pellitus FR. Epicr. Myc. 141, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 187, 

1874-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. Fl. I, 511, 1844-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 727, 1884- 

CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 597, 1886. 

Rhodosporus (Pluteus) pellitus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 619, 1889. 

Solitary. Pileus 2-5 cm. or more broad, convex, then expanded 

to plane or subumbonate; surface smooth, somewhat dry or somewhat 

viscid, white, at length becomes slightly dingy, perhaps because of the 

spores, with separable silky shining pellicle; context white, soft, odour 

faint, taste none'; lamellae free, 8 mm. broad, rather long remain 

white, then flesh color, crowded, rather rounded or broader behind, 

ventricose; stipe 4-12 cm. long, 4-8 mm. thick, slightly attenuated 

upward, slightly enlarged at the base, often curved, white, silky 

shining, subfloccose, striate (not smooth nor glabrous), fragile, solid; 

spores flesh-colored in mass, broadly ellipsoidal, smooth, 6-8 x 4.5- 

5.5 tt; cystidia fusoid, apex 2-3-corniculate. 

Hab. on trunk of Ulmus. Late summer to autumn. Ishikari 


Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Asia Minor,Europe. 

Jap. name. Hana-yome-take (n. n.). 

Sect. Pruinosi lMAI, nom. nov. 

Pileus atomato-pruinosus, subpulverulentus. 

5. Pluteus nanus (PERS. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg.l, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Month.,2 ser. V, 116, 1872; 

Ench. Fung. 56, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 394, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 256, 1879



Jap. name. Hotei-benihida-take (n. n.). 

The present species is allied to P. nanus from which it is easily 

distinguished by the even pileus and bulbous stipe. From P. selnibulbosus 

(LASCH) GILL. the fungus is easily distinguishable by the 

darker pileus. 

Pileus nudus, glabrus. 

Sect. Nudi IMAI, nom. nov. 

7. Pluteus leoninus (SCHAEFF. ex FR.) QUEL. 


Ench. Fung. 56, 1886-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 396, cum icone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. 

1,257, 1879-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 675, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 530, 1915- 

MASS. Brit. Fung. Fl. II, 290, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 102, 1908-RlCKEN, 

BHitterp. 278, pI. 71, f. 5, 1915-MuRRILL, North Amer. Fl. X, 132, 1917- 


XI, pI. 541, 1929. 

Agaricus leoninus SCHAEFF. Fung. Bavar. IV, Ind. 21, pI. 48, 1774-PERS. 

Icon. Descr. Fung. 22, pI. 7, f. 3-4, 1798; Syn. Fung. 337, 1801 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Clitopilus) leoninus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 199, 1821-BERK. in 

SMITH, Engl. Fl. V, (2), 78, 1836. 

Agaricus (Pluteus) leoninus FR. Epicr. Myc. 142, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 188, 

1874-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. FI. I, 510, 1844-BERK. OutI. Brit. Fung. 142, pl. 7, 

f. 4, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 88, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 421, 1886- 

WINT. Die Pilze, I, 726, 1884. 

Rhodosporus (Pluteus) leoninus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 619, 1889. 

Gregarious or caespitose. Pileus 2-7 cm. broad, campanulate 

or conical, then expanded, subumbonate, nearly plane; surface y,ellow, 

lemon-yellow, crimson-orange or vermilion, brighter in the younger 

stage, glabrous, nearly moist, scarcely striate on the margin at 

maturity.; context, thin, fragile, whitish or yellowish, reddish under 

the pellicle in the vermilion specimen; lamellae free, white, then fleshcolor, 

margin often light yellow, crowded, ventricose; stipe 3.5-7.5 cm. 

long, 3-10 mm. thick, equal or slightly attenuated upward, rarely 

compressed, whitish, light yellow, often nearly vermilion at the base, 

fragile, glabrous or fibrillose, longitudinally silky-striatulate, solid; 

spores flesh color in mass, subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal, 5- 

7 x 5-6 fJ, smooth.


Hab. on decayed wood of deciduous trees. Autumn. Ishikari 

(Sapporo) . 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Asia Minor, Europe, North America. 

Jap. name. Beni-hida-take (n. n.). 

8. Pluteus phlebophorus (DITM. ex FR.) GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 397, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 257, 1879-QUEL. Ench. Fung. 

56, 1886-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 676, 1887; Fl. ltaI. Crypt., Hymen. 529, 1915- 

MAss. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 291, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 102, 1908-RICKEN, 

BUitterp. 280, pI. 71, f. 6, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 61, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. XI, 

pI. 545, 1929. 

Agaricus phlebophorus DITM. in STURM, Deut. FI. III, 31, pI. 15, 1813. 

Agaricus (Clitopilus) phlebophorus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 200, 1821-BERK. in 

SMITH, Engl. Fl. V, (2), 79, 1836. 

Agaricus (Pluteus) phlebophorus FR. Epicr. Myc. 142, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

188, 1874-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. FI. I, 510, 1844-BERK. Out!. Brit. Fung. 142, 

1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 89, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 422, f. A, 1886- 

WINT. Die Pilze, I, 725, 1884. 

Solitary. Pileus 3-5 cm. broad, convex or subheinispherical, 

then expanded, subumbonate; surface umber, then dark-cinnamon, 

glabrous, wrinkled with black veins, center nearly even; context 

whitish, odour and taste none, fragile; lamellae free, crowded, ventricose, 

rather broad, white, then flesh color; stipe 3-6 cm. long, 4-5 mm. 

thick, subcylindrical, slightly enlarged below, sometimes incurved, 

white, glabrous, silky-shining, fistulose below; spores flesh color in 

mass, subglobose or broadly ellipsoidal, 6-7 fL or 6-8 x 6-7 fL, smooth. 

Hab. on rotten wood i!l woods. Summer. Ishikari (Nopporo). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu), Europe. 

Jap. name. Ko-shiwa-beni-hidatake (n. n.). 

Tribe Entolomateae IMAI, nom. nov. 

Entolom6es KONRAD et MAUBL. Icon. Sel. Fung. 28 & 207, 1924-35, p. p. 

Velum nullum distinctum. Pileus a stipite carnosi confluentus 

homogeneusque. Lamellae moUes, stipite adhaerentes. Sporae in 

cumulo rosae.


Epicr. Myc. 143, 1838. 

Sect. Genuina FR. 

Pileus glabrous, moist or viscid, not hygrophanous, nor innatofloccose 

or squamulose. 

1. Entoloma lividum (BULL. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Month. 2 ser. V, 116, pI. 6, 

f. 1, 1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 401, eum ieone, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. 1,258, 1879- 

SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 680, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 535, 1915-MASS. Brit. 

Fung. FI. II, 268, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 103, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 

58, f. 127, 1910-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 284, pI. 72, f. 2, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 

548, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 243, 1922. 

Agaricu8 lividu8 BULL. Champ. Fr. pl. 382, 1791 (teste FR.). 

Agaricus (Entolorna) lividu8 FR. Monogr. Hymen. Suec. I, 269, 1857; 

Hymen. Eur. 189, 1874-CKE. Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 311, 1886-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 725, 1884. 

Rhodophyllu8 (Entoloma) lividu8 QUEL. Ench. Fung. 57, 1886-LANGE, 

Agar. Denm. IV, 29, 1921. 

Hyporhodiu8 (Entoloma) lividu8 SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 617, 1889. 

Solitary or gr,egarious, said to be poisonous. Pileus 5-16 cm. 

broad, convex then plane, somewhat gibbous; surface smooth, 

glabrous, silky shining, nearly avellaneous, slightly viscid when wet; 

context white, rather thin, brittle, odour farinaceous, taste mild; 

lamellae adnexed, rounded behind, somewhat free, white, then flesh 

color, attenuated in front, up to 13 mm. wide, distant; stipe 8-13 cm. 

long, 8-30 mm. thick, equal, shining white, apex faintly pruinose, 

slightly striate, nearly elastic, sometimes sulcate; spores pink in 

mass, globose or ellipsoidal, angular, 7.5-10 x 7.5 fl. 



Jap. name. Nise-shimeji (KAWAMURA). 

2. Entoloma prunuloides (FR.) QUEL. 

Cham,p. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Month. 2 ser. V, 117, 

1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 400, cum icone, 1874-KARS,T. Hattsv. I, 259, 1879- 

SACCo Syll. Fung. V, 680, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 536, 1915-MASS. Brit.


squamulose; context white, purplish under pellide, thin; lamellae 

sinuate, whitish then tinged with pink, moderately crowded; stipe 

3.5-6 cm. long, 2-4 mm. thick, equal or slightly enlarg,ed at the base, 

paler than the pileus (rhodonite-pink), nearly whitish at both ends, 

powdery-squamulose, hollow; spores pink in mass, angular, obovate 

or subellipsoidal, 8.5-10 x 6.5-7.5 p. 

Rab. on humus ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo) 

. 

Distr. Japan (Rokkaido), North America. 

Jap. name. Ko-murasaki-ippon (n. n.). 

Sect. Nolanidea . FR . 

Epicr. Myc. 146, 1838. 

Pileus thin, hygrophanous, rather silky when dry, often irregular 

and repand. 

6. Entoloma clypeatum (L. ex FR.) QUEL. 



Syll. Fung. V, 694, 1887; Flo ItaI. Crypt., Hymen. 541, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. 

Flo II, 278, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 107, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas Champ. 58, 

f. 129, 1910-RICKEN, BHi.tterp. 287, pI. ,73, f. 1, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 552, 

1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 249, 1922-BREs. Icon. Myc. XII, pI. 558, 1929. 

[MATSUURA, Trans. Tottori Soc. Agr. Sci. IV, 96, 1932] 

Agaricu8 clypeatu8 L. Sp. Pl. 1174, 1753 (teste FR.).' 

Agaricu8 (Entoloma) clypeatu8 FR. Epicr. Myc. 146, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

194, 1874-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. Fl. I, 509, 1844-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 144, 

pI. 7, f. 6, 1860-KICKX, Fl. Crypt. Flandr. II, 162, 1867-CKE. Handb. Brit. 

Fung. I, 93, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 319, 1886-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 721, 1884. 

Rhodophyllu8 (Entoloma) clypeatu8 QUEL. Ench. Fung. 59, 1886--LANGE, 

Agar. Denm. IV, 30, 1921. 

Hyporhodiu8 (Entoloma) clypeatu8 SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 616, 1889. 

Gregarious or caespitose, edible. Pileus 2-10 cm. broad, convex, 

then umbonate; surface snuff-brown or drab color, usually streaked 

with fine ashy colored lines at the periphery, or irregularly variegated 

or spotted with ashy and hair-brown color on the center, 

glabrous, slightly viscid when wet, hygrophanous, margin spreading,


sometimes shortly striate; context white, rather thin, taste mild, 

odour mealy; lamellae obtusely adnate or sinuate, white, then dingyflesh 

color, broad, subdistant; Stipe 3-11 cm. long, 4-20 mm. thick, 

equal or slightly.thickened at the base, pallid or white, becoming 

grayish, with grey fibrils, fragile, stuffed or hollow; spores pink in 

mass, subglobose, coarsely warted or angular, 7.5-11 fl or 7.5-11 x 

7-10 fl. 

Hab. on the' ground among the grass in woods or under trees. 

Spring. Ishikari (Sapporo, Nopporo). 


Jap. name. Shimeji-modoki (MATSUURA). 

7. Entoloma rhodopolium (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 246, 1872 


SylJ. Fung. V, 694, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 540, 1915-MAss. Brit. Fung. 

Flo II, 279, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 107, 1908-RoLLAND, Atlas ChamJp. 58, 

f. 128, 1910-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 287, pI. 73, f. 2, 1915-MuRRILL, North Amer. 

Fl. X, 122, 1917-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 553, pI. 105, 1918-REA, Brit. Basid. 

250, 1922-KAWAMURA, Ill. Jap. Fung. pI. 18, f. 6-8, 1925-BRES. Icon. Myc. 

XII, pI. 560, 1929. 

Aga.ricu8 (Clitopilu8) rhodopoliu8 FR. Syst. Myc. I, 197, 1821. 

Agaricu8 (Entoloma) rhodopoliu8 FR. Epicr. Myc. 147, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

195, 1874-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. Flo I, 509, 1844-BERK. Out!. Brit. Fung. 145, 

1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 94, 1871; 111. Brit. Fung. pI. 342, 1886-WINT. 

Die Pilze, I, 721, 1884. 

Rhodophyllu8 (Entoloma.) rhodopoliu8 QUEL. Ench. Fung. 59, 1886-LANGE, 

Agar. Denm. IV, 30, 1921. 

Hyporhodiu8 (Entoloma) hydrogrammu8 SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 616, 

1889. 

Solitary. Pileus 3-8 cm. broad, campanulate, then expanded and 

subumbonate or gibbous, at length somewhat plane, and sometimes 

depressed; surface avellaneous to fuscous, becoming pale, isabellinelivid, 

silky-shining when dry, fibrillose when young, then smooth, 

hygrophanous, margin incurved, undulate when large specimen, sometimes 

lobed; context white, dark under the pellicle, taste mild, odour 

mealy; lamellae adnexed, then separating, somewhat sinuate, white, 

then rose color, rather narrow, distant; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 0.5- 

1.5 cm. thick, equal or attenuated upward, slightly striate, apex white-


pruinose, white or whitish, hollow; spores pink in mass, subglobose 

or globose, angular, 8-9 x 7-8 fl or 7-9 fl . 


Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Asia Minor, Europe, North America. 

Jap. name. Kusa-urabenitake (KAWAMURA). 

8. , Entoloma nidorosum (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'EmuI. Month. 2 ser. V, 119, 

1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 402, 1874-KARST. Hattsv. I, 268, 1879-SACC. Syll. 

Fung. V, 697, 1887; Fl. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 541, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. 

II, 282, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 108, 1908-RICKEN, Bliitterp. 287, 1915- 

REA, Brit. Basid. 251, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. XII, pI. 563, 1929. 

Agaricu8 (Entoloma) nidoro8u8 FR. Epicr. Myc. 148, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

196, 1874-BERIL Out!. Brit. Fung. 145, 1860-CRE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 95, 

1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 321, 1886-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 720, 1884. 

Rhodophyllu8 (Entoloma) nidoro8u8 QUEL. Ench. Fung. 59, 1886-LANGE, 

Agar. Denm. IV, 31, 1921. 

Solitary. Pileus 3-6 cm. broad, convex, then expanded, at length 

often concave, and irregularly sl).aped, rimose; surface fawncinereous, 

liVId, hygrophanous, silky shining when dry; context white, 

odour strong, taste mild; lamellae emarginate-free, pallid, then fleshcolor, 

distant, sometimes undulate-flexuous; stipe 5-10 cm. long, 3- 

10 mm. thick, equal or attenuated upward, whitish, glabrous, whitepruinose 

at the apex; spores pink in mass, angular, subglobose, 8- 

10 x 7-9 fl. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Late summer to autumn. Kitami 

(Oketo forest). 


Jap. name. Ko-kusaurabenitake (n. n.). 

Clitopilus (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Month. 2 ser. V, 62 & 

120, 1872. 

Pleuropu8 REUSSEL, Fl. Calvados, ed. 2, 67, 1806-MuRRILL, North Am. 

Fl. X, 102, 1917.


Agaricus § Clitopilus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 10 & 194, 1821, p. p.; Ep!cr. Myc. 

148, 1838. 

Rhodosporus § Clitopilus SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 618, 1889. 

Hexajuga FAYOD, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 7 ser. IX, 389, 1889. 

Fructification without volva and annulus. Pileus fleshy, regular 

or irregular. Stipe central or rarely subexcentric, fleshy. Lamellae 

decurrent. Spores pink in mass. 

Type species: Agaricus prunulus SCOP. ex FR. 

1. Clitopilus caespitosus PK. 

41 Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Mus. 65, 1888-KAuFFM. Agar. Mich. 570, 

pI. . 112-113, 1918. 

Pleuropus caespitosus MURRILL, North Amer. FI. X, 104, 1917. 

Caespitose, edible. Pileus 2.5-10 cm. broad, at first convex, soon 

expanded and plane, finally depressed at the oenter; surface glabrous, 

whitish to grayish when young, then becoming watery-dingy-white 

when wet, dull whitish to pale tan and silky shining when dry, even, 

margin at first incurved, often recurved and split in age; context 

white to pallid, thin, somewhat firm, but brittle, fragile, taste mild, 

odour slightly fragrant;. lamellae adnate-decurrent or sinuate-decurrent, 

thin, very crowded, whitish, then dingy-pale fleshy-color, edge 

sometimes minutely crenulate; stipe 2.5-7 cm. long, 3-8 mm. thick, 

equal or attenuated upward, rarely downward, silky-fibrillose, scurfy 

at apex, pallid, stuffed, fragile in age, easily splitting; spores sordid 

white with a pink tinge in mass (very pale pink), short oblong, 

smooth, 6 x 4 p . 

Hab. on the ground under trees. Late summer to autumn. 


Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), North America. 

Jap. name. Kabu-urabenitake (n. n.). 

2. Clitopilus abortivus (BERK. et CURT.) SACCo 

Syll. Fung. V, 701, 1887-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 564, pI. 111, 1918. 

Agaricus (Clitopilus) abortivus BERK. et CURT. Ann. Mag. Nat. Rist. 3 ser. 

IV, 289, 1859. 

Pleuropus abortivus MURRILL, Mycologia, III, 280, 1911; Ibid. IV, 6, pI. 56, 

f. 12, 1912; North Amer. FI. X, 108, 1917.


Solitary, gregarious or subcaespitose, usually growing with an 

imperfectly developed subglobose, whitish, sterile mass of mycelium, 

edible. Pileus 3-10 cm. broad, convex, then nearly plane to subdepressed, 

regular or irregular; surfac·e dry, at first covered with 

a delicate silky tomentum, glabrescent, gray or grayish-brown (lightdrab), 

dull, becoming isabelline, margin even; context white, odour 

and taste farinaceous; lamellae decurrent or adnate with a decurrent 

tooth, thin, crowded, whitish or pale grayish, changing to rosy or 

salmon-color, rather narrow; stipe 3-9 cm. long, 4-10 mm. thick, subequal, 

subconcolorous or paler than the pileus, slightly flocculose, 

sometimes fibrous-striate, solid; spores salmon-pink in mass, elongated 

angular, irregular, 8-10 x 5-7 p . 

Hab. on the ground or old prostrate trunks of trees in woods 

and open places. Autumn. Ishikari (N opporo), Iburi (Chi tose, 

Lake side of Shikotsu). 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), North America. 

Jap. name. Tama-urabenitake (n. n.). 

Vellum nullum distinctum. 

supinatus. Lamellae moUes. 

rubiginosae. 

Tribe Claudopeae IMAI, nom. nov. 

Pileus excenticus, lateralis vel re 

Sporae in cumulo rosae vel roseo- 

Claudopus (W. G. SM.) GILL. 

Hymen. Fr. 426, 1874. 

Agaricus § Claudopus W. G. SM. in SEEM. Journ. Bot. VIII, 215, 1870. 

Dochmiopus PAT. Hymen. Eur. 113, 1887. 

Octojuga FAYOD, Ann. Sei. Nat., ;Sot. 7 ser. IX, 390, 1889. 

Fructification without universal and partial veils. Pileus fleshy, 

excentric, lateral or resupinate. Stipe excentric, lateral or wanting. 

Lamellae radiating from a central point or decurrent. Spores pink 

in mass. 

Type species: Agaricus variabilis PERS. ex FR.


Claudopus nidulans (PERS. ex FR.) KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 288, 1879-ATKINS. Mushrooms, ed. 2, 149, f. 144, 1903- 

MURRILL, North Amer. FI. X, 79, 1917-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 591, pI. 115, 1918. 

Agaricus nidulans PERS. Icon. Descr. Fung. 19, pI. 6, f. 4, 1798; Syn. Fung. 

482, 1801 (teste FR.). 

[YASUDA, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), XXIX, (263), 1915] 

Agaricus (Pleurotus) nidulans FR. Syst. Myc. I, 189, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

138,1838; Hymen. Eur. 178, 1874-RABENH. Deut. Krypt. FI. I, 514, 1844-WINT. 


Pleurotus nidulans GILL. Hymen. Fr. 384, 1874-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 375, 

1887; FI. Itai. Crypt., Hymen. 311, 1915-RICKEN, BHitterp. 455, pI. 112, f. 6, 

1915. 

Crepidotus nidulans QUEL .. Ench. Fung. 108, 1886-REA, Brit. Basid. 454, 

1922. 

Panus nidulans PILAT, Mykologia, VII, 90, 1930-MALKOV. Ann. Myc. 

XXX, 44, f. 13-16, 1932. 

Gregarious or caespitose, sometimes imbricate, edible. Pileus 

2-9 cm .. broad, 1.5-5 cm. long, shelving, sessile or narrowed behind 

into a short stem-like base, nearly orbicular, dimidiate or reniform; 

surface coarsely hairy or tomentose, warm-buff, antimony-yellow or 

ochraceous-buff in color, margin inrolled, even or lobed and orange 

colored and more distinctly and long tomentose; context yellowish, 

becoming whitish when dry, rather thick, soft, odour pleasant; 

lamellae decurrent, light-ochraceous-buff, crowded, narrow; stipe 

short or lacking, stipe or attached base tomentose next to the lamellae 

beneath; spores pink in mass, elongated, slightly curved, 5-6 x 2.5- 

3.5/1 . 

Hab. on decayed or dead wood of various trees in woods or 

gardens, etc. Summer to autumn. Ishikari (Sapporo, J6zankei). 


Jap. name. Ki-hiratake (YASUDA). 

Tribe Leptonieae IMAI, nom. nov. 

Vellum nullum distinctum. Pileus cum stipite cartilagine confluentus 

sed a stipite heterogenus. Lamellae cum stipite adhaerentes 

vel liberae. Sporae in cumulo rosae.

STUDIES ON THE ACARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. I. 175 

Key to the genera. 

I. Lamellae adnate or sinuate-adnate. 

1. Margin of pileus at first incurved or exceeding the lamellae ......... . 

...................................................••... Leptoni(J;. 

2. Margin of pileus straight, at first adpressed to the stipe .......... , . " 

......................................................... Nolanea. 

1872. 

Leptonia (FR.) QUEL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emu!. Montb. 2 ser. V, 62 & 121, 

Agaricus § Leptonia FR. Syst. Myc. I, 201, 1821. 

Rhodophyllus § Leptonia QUEL. Ench. Fung. 59, 1886. 

Hyporhodius § Leptonia SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 614, 1889. 

Leptoniella EARLE, Bull.' N. Y. Bot. Gard. V, 424, 1909. 

Fructification without universal and partial veils. Pileus slightly 

fleshy, regular, incurved at the margin. Stipe central, cartilaginous. 

Lamellae adnate, sinuato-adnate or adnexed. Spores pink in mass. 

Type species: Agaricus anatinus· LASCH. 

Key to the species in Hokkaido. 

I. Stipe not white nor yellow. 

1. Pileus blackish-blue, velvety-floccose; lamellae at first white; stipe dark 

blue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L. lampropus (1). 

2. Pileus and stipe pale umber, almost glabrous; lamellae at first white ... 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. L. umbrinella(2). 

II. Stipe white; pileus whitish or slightly ochraceous ......... , L. sericella (3). 

1. Leptonia lampropus (FR.) QUEL. 



Syl!. Fung. V, 707, 1887; FI. Ital. Crypt., Hymen. 557, 1915 (ut lampropoda) 

MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 251, 1893 (ut lampropoda)-W. G. SM. Brit. Basid. 

112, 1908-RICKEN, BIatterp. 293, pl. 73, f. 7, 1915-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 574, 

1918 (ut lampropoda)-REA, Brit. Basid. 344, 1922-BRES. Icon. Myc. XII, pl. 

570, f. 1, 1929 (ut lampropoda). 

Agaricus (Leptonia) lampropus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 203, 1821; Epicr. Myc. 

152, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 202, 1874-BERK. Outl. Brit. Fung. 146, 1860-CKE. 

Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 99, 1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 331, 1886-WINT. Die Pilze, 

I, 715, 1884.


Rhodophyllu8 (Leptoniu) .lumprOpU8 QUEL. Ench. Fung. 60, 1886-LANGE, 

Agar. Denm. IV, 33, 1921. 

Hyporhodiu8 (Leptoniu) lumpropu8 SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 615, 1889. 

Gregarious or solitary. Pileus 1-3 cm. broad, convex, then plane, 

subumbilicate or depressed, not papilate; surface mouse-color or steelblue, 

then fuliginous-gray, silky-flocculose, then becoming fuscoussquamulose, 

squamules dense in center, never striate, sometimes 

rimose, margin inflexed then raised; context at first bJuish-black, then 

gray to white, subhygrophanous, thin, odour and taste none; lamellae 

adnate, readily separating, then free, subdistant, broad, ventricose, 

white, then flesh-color, edge entire and coneolorous; stipe 2.5-5 cm. 

long, 2-4 mm. thick, equal or attenuated upward, azure,.blue at first, 

becoming fuscous, commonly steel-blue-violaceous, glabrous, even, 

white floccose at the ba&e, elastic, firm, stuffed then hollow; spores 

rosy in mass, variable in size, ellipsoidal, angular, 9-13 x 6-8/1. 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (N opporo) , 

Kushiro (Lake side of Akan). 


Australia. 

Jap. name. Ao-e-no-momiuratake (n. n.). 

2. Leptonia umbrinella lMAI, sp. nov. 

Solitaria. Pileo 1.5-5 em. lato, convexo, demum leviter depresso, 

·glabro, sicco, pallide umbrino, centro obscuriore, non striato, margine 

primo inflexo; carne' tenera, cinerea, odore nullo; lamellis adnexis vel 

sinuatis, confertis, primo albidis, dein incarnatis; stipite 3-7 cm. 

longo, 2-4 mm. crasso, aequali vel basi leviter incrassato, subconcolori 

vel pallidiori, sericeo-fibrilloso, saepe flexuoso, cavo; sporis in cumulo 

roseis, angularibus, e11ipsoideis vel oblongis, 10-12.5 x 7-10.u . 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Ishikari (Mt. Kurodake). 


Jap. name. Cha-momiuratake (n. n.). 

The present fungus is somewhat allied to L. solstitialis (FR.) 

GILL. and Eccilia polita(FR.) QUEL., but it is easily distinguished 

from the former species by the non-papillate pileus, and from the 

latter by the non-striate pileus and less attached lamellae.

STUDIES ON THE ACARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. I. 177 

3. Leptonia sericella (FR.) BARBIER. 

Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. XXVII, 178, 1911-RICKEN, BIatterp. 289, pI. 73, 

f. 4, 1915-REA, Brit. Basid. 346, 1922. . 

Agaricus (Clitopilus) sericellus FR. Syst. Myc. I, 196, 1821-BERK. in 

SMITH, Engl. FI. V, (2), 76, 1836. 

Agaricus (Entoloma) scricellus FR. Epicr. Myc. 146, 1838; Hymen. Eur. 

194, 1874-BERK. Outlo Brit. Fung. 144, 1860-CKE. Handb. Brit. Fung. I, 93, 

1871; Ill. Brit. Fung. pI. 307, 1886-WINT. Die Pilze, I, 722, 1884. 

Entoloma sericellum QUEL. Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. 

Montb. 2 ser. V, 118, pl. 5, f. 5, 1872-GILL. Hymen. Fr. 405, 1874-KARST. 

Hattsv. I, 264, 1879-SACC. Syll. Fung. V, 691, 1887; Flo Italo Crypt., Hymen. 

537, 1915-MASS. Brit. Fung. FI. II, 277, 1893-W. G. SM. Brit .. Basid. 106, 

1908-KAUFFM. Agar. Mich. 550, 1918-BRES. Icon. Myc. XII, pI. 557, 1929. 

Rhodophyllus (Leptonia) sericellus QUEL. Ench. Fung. 61, 1886-LANGE, 

Agar. Denm. IV, 34, 1921. . 

Gregarious. Pileus 1.5-3 cm. broad, convex, then plane, obtuse, 

at length depressed, often unequal; surface white or becoming yellowish-white, 

silky shining or minutely squamulose, margin inflexed, 

floccose; context white, thin, inodourous; lamellae at first adnate, 

slightly decurrent by a tooth, then separating and somewhat sinuate, 

rather distant, broad, white then flesh-colored; stipe 2-5 em. long, 

2-3 mm. thick, equal, cylindrical, shining, white, then becoming pale, 

subwaxy, fibrillose, at length somewhat polished, pellucit'i, subfistulose; 

spores flesh color in mass, angular, variabl,e in shape and size, 

9-10 f.t in diam. or 9-11 X 6-8 f.t • 

Hab. on the ground in woods. Autumn. Iburi (Lake side of 

Shikotsu) . 

Distr. Japan (Hokkaido), Europe, North America. 

Jap. name. Kinu-momiuratake (n. n.). 

Nolanea (FR.) QUElL. 

Champ. Jura Vosg. I, in Mem. Soc. D'Emul. Montb. 2 ser. V, 62 & 122, 

1872. 

Agaricus § Nolanea FR. Syst. Myc. I, 204, 1821. 

Rhodophyllus § N olanea QUEL. Ench. Fung. 63, 1886. 

Hyporhodius § Nolanea SCHROET. Pilze Schles. I, 613, 1889.

PLATE I

Explanation of Plate I 

Fig. 1. Amanita Caesarea (ScoP. ex FR.) QUElL. 

Fig. 2. Amanita subjunquillea IMAI. 

Fig. 3. Amanita phalloides (FR.) QUElL. 

Fig. 4. Amanita mappa (BATSCH ex FR.) QUElL. 

Fig. 5. Amanita pantherina (DC. ex FR.) QUElL. 

Fig. 6. Amanita spissacea IMAI. 

Fig. 7. Amanitopsis vaginata (BULL. ex FR.) ROZE. 

Fig. 8. Amanitopsis clarisquamosa IMAI. 

Fig. 9. Lepiota pro cera (ScoP. ex FR.) QUElL. 

Fig. 10. Lepiota subamanitiformis IMAI. 

Fig. 11. Armillaria Matsutake S. ITO et IMAI. 

(from Notoro forest in Hokkaido)

1 

[.Jour. Facul. Agr., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., 'Vol. XL!.] Plate I.

PLATE II

Explanation of Plate II 

Fig. 1. Armillaria ventricosa PK. 

Fig. 2. Armillaria mellea (VAHL ex FR.) QUEL. 

Fig. 3. Cortinellus bulbiger (ALB. et SCHW. ex FR.) GILL. 

Fig. 4. Tricholoma equestre (L. ex FR.) QUEL. 

Fig. 5. Tricholoma porphyrophyllum IMAI. 

Fig. 6. Tricholoma humosum (FR.) IMAI. 

Fig. 7. Tricholoma personat1tm (FR.) QUEL. 

Fig. 8. Tricholoma ulmarium (BULL. ex FR.) KARST. 

Fig. 9. Clitocybe extenuata (FR.) IMAI. 

Fig. 10. Armillaria ja,ponica (KAWAMURA) IMAI.

[Jour. Facu1. Agr., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Vol. XLI.] Plate

PLATE III

[Jour. Facul. Agr., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Vol. XLL] Plate III.

STUDIES ON THE AGARICACEAE OF HOKKAIDO. I

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