A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species

A Nomenclatural Study of 

Armillaria and 

Armillariella species 

(Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) 

by 

Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. 

Synopsis Fungorum 8 

Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway





by 

Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr.

Printed in Eko-trykk A/S, Førde, Norway 

Printing date: 1. August 1995 

ISBN 82-90724-14-4 

ISSN 0802-4966





by 

Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. 

Synopsis Fungorum 8 

Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway

6 

Authors address: 

Center for Forest Mycology Research 

Forest Products Laboratory 

United States Department of Agriculture 

Forest Service 

One Gifford Pinchot Dr. 

Madison, WI 53705 USA 

ABSTRACT 

Once a taxonomic refugium for nearly any white-spored agaric with an annulus and 

attached gills, the concept of the genus Armillaria has been clarified with the 

neotypification of Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer and its acceptance as type 

species of Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude. Due to recognition of different type species over 

the years and an extremely variable generic concept, at least 274 species and varieties 

have been placed in Armillaria (or in Armillariella Karst., its obligate synonym). Only 

about forty species belong in the genus Armillaria sensu stricto, while the rest can be 

placed in forty-three other modem genera. 

This study is based on original descriptions in the literature, as well as studies of type 

specimens and generic and species concepts by other authors. This publication consists 

of an alphabetical listing of all epithets used in Armillaria or Armillariella, with their 

basionyms, currently accepted names, and other obligate and facultative synonyms. We 

propose the new combinations: 

Armillaria affinis (Singer) Volk & Burdsall 

Armillaria cumerunensis (Henn.) Volk & Burdsall 

Armillaria tigrensis (Singer) Volk & Burdsall 

Armillaria viridiflava (Singer) Volk & Burdsall 

Amanita subcaligata (A.H. Smith & P.M. Rea) A.H. Smith ex Tulloss in Volk & 

Burds. 

Nomenclatural problems with Tricholoma subannulatum (Batsch) Ricken (1914) vs. 

Tricholoma subannulatum (Peck) Zeller (1922) are also discussed. 

Key Words: Armillaria, Armillariella, nomenclature, Tricholomataceae 

Fungiflora - Armillaria

CONTENTS 

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 

Literature cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 

Alphabetical listing of epithets in Armillaria and 

Amillariella and their current dispositions . . . . . . . . . . .24 

Fungiflora - Armillaria 

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8 

The delimitation, application and typification of the "genus" Armillaria has 

been controversial for more than 170 years. Fries (1819) introduced the name as 

Agarcus tribus Armillaria, and later treated it in the Systema Mycologicum 

(Fries, 1821). In subsequent publications, Fries was uncertain as to which species 

to include, or even whether to consider Armillaria as a tribe. In 1825, Fries 

abandoned the tribe Armillaria, placing most of the species in the tribe Lepiota of 

Agaricus. In 1838, Fries again recognized the tribe Armillaria of Agaricus, 

including 24 species. However, in 1854 and 1857 Fries again abandoned tribe 

Armillaria and distributed the species in tribes Tricholoma and Clitocybe and 

stated that "[...if the subgenera of Agaricus were to be recognized as distinct 

genera, Armillaria would be totally dissolved and distributed among other 

genera.] " (translation TJV). Nevertheless, in 1874 Fries again recognized the 

tribe Armillaria, including 30 species, even after several authors had accepted 

Armillaria as a distinct genus. Singer (1949) stated that "This genus Armillaria 

was one of the most notoriously artificial genera of the Agaricales in the older 

classification." 

Generic typification 

For many years modem authors assumed that Quélet (1872) was the first to 

assign generic rank to Armillaria; for example, it was listed as "Armillaria (Fr.) 

Quél. " in Singer’s first edition of "Agaricales in Modem Taxonomy" (Singer, 

1949). However two earlier authors had accepted Armillaria of Fries at the 

generic level, namely Staude (1857) and Kummer (1871). In the second (and 

subsequent) editions of "Agaricales in Modem Taxonomy," Singer (1962) 

accepted "Armillaria Kummer" as correct, but Donk (1962) argued for 

"Armillaria (Fr.) Staude. " The fact that Staude (1857) did not actually transfer 

any species epithets to Armillaria or make any combinations in Armillaria has 

been used as a reason to reject the validity of the 1857 status of the generic name 

(Singer 1962, 1986). Nomenclatural problems and confusion have arisen out of 

the variously accepted validations of Armillaria at the generic level and the interrelated 

typifications of the names. For details on the nomenclatural arguments 

about the genus we refer to Donk (1962), Singer (1962, 1986), Herink (1973), 

and Watling, Kile and Gregory (1982). We accept the arguments forwarded by 

Walting et al. (1982) that Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude is valid and that Armillaria 

mellea (VahhFr.) Kummer [ = Agaricus melleus Vahl ] is the type species for 

the genus. 

The genus Armillariella (Karst.) Karst. (Karsten 1881) was used for these 

fungi for many years by a significant number of authors. Karsten (1879) probably 

did not know of Staude’s (1857) or Quélet’s (1872) publications when he made 

several new combinations in "Armillaria Fr. " and also erected the subgenus 


Armillariella. Later, Karsten (1881) raised Armillariella to generic rank and 

transferred several species there, with the type species presumably being 

Armillariella mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Karsten. The genus Armillariella gained wide 

acceptance in Europe (Patouillard, 1887; Kühner and Romagnesi, 1953, and 

others) and to some extent in the Americas (e.g. Singer 1949, 1962, 1986; 

Pomerleau 1980; Baroni 1981). With the almost universal acceptance of Aguricus 

melleus Vahl as the type species of Armillaria among agaricologists and 

pathologists (Watling et al. 1982), Armillariella Karsten has become an obligate 

synonym (typonym, nomenclatural synonym) of Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude, 

because both are based on the same type species (Greuter 1988: International 

Code of Botanical Nomenclature [ICBN] Art. 14.4). During the height of 

acceptance of the genus Armillariella, Herink (1973) had already recognized the 

problems with using Armillariella for these fungi and made many new 

combinations in the genus Armillaria. Another typonym of Armillaria is 

Polymyce Earle (1909). Rhizomorpha Roth (1791), based on vegetative 

rhizomorphs of these fungi is apparently a name for the anamorph of Armillaria 

(Dank 1962), although it is not possible at this time to correlate species of 

Rhizomopha with particular Armillaria species. Although Rhizomorpha is 

apparently an older name for the anamorph of the genus, it may not be used for 

the teleomorph (ICBN Art. 59.1). 

Singer (1962, 1986) rejected the validity of Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude and 

accepted Armillaria Kummer (1871), contending that Kummer intended to erect a 

new genus. However, as Donk (1962) and Watling et al. (1982) have stated, a 

careful reading of Kummer’s introductory material indicates that he intended to 

"...[ follow Fries as much as possible]" (translation Donk 1962). Armillaria 

Kummer, as recognized by Singer (with type species Agaricus luteovirens Alb. & 

Schw.:Fr.), consisted of a genus of mycorrhizal species with amyloid spores and 

a divergent lamellar trama. Accepting Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude left the taxon 

recognized by Singer nameless until Pouzar (1957) erected the genus Floccularia 

to accommodate Agaricus luteovirens Alb. & Schw.:Fr., as pointed out by 

Redhead (1987) and Bon (1990). It should be noted here that the Armillaria vs. 

Armillariella controversy involved only what the names of the genera should be 

and not the circumscription of the generic concepts. 

Thus the modem concept of the genus Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude includes 

tricholomatoid Basidiomycotina with basidiomata usually emerging from black 

rhizmorphs, with adnate to decurrent gills bearing basidia with pale, nonamyloid, 

non-dextrinoid basidiospores. The nutritional status is saprophytic to 

parasitic (wood decay or root rot fungi) and generally not mycorrhizal. The 

genus is placed by most authors in the Tricholomataceae Roze (1876) although 


9

10 

Roze himself included Armillaria in the Armillariaceae Roze (1876), as accepted 

by Jülich (1981), who also included Tricholomopsis Singer. 

Historic variability in the generic concept of Armillaria 

Several authors have made combinations in Armillaria. Not knowing of 

Kummer’s (1871) work, Quélet (1872) made the combination Armillaria mellea 

(Vahl:Fr.) Quél., and the species was cited this way for many years until 

Kummer’s earlier paper was rediscovered. Gillet (1874) also made many new 

combinations and proposed several new species in Armillaria, but his work was 

largely ignored and apparently unavailable to many researchers for many years. 

There are no extant Gillet type specimens, so his new species are best considered 

nomina ambigua (Marxmüller, 1992). Saccardo (1887, 1891, 1895) accepted into 

the genus Armillaria most species that Fries placed in tribe Armillaria at various 

times, transcribing Fries’ descriptions, usually verbatim, into his Sylloge 

Fungorum. 

Before the acceptance of nutritional status as a character for consideration in 

delimiting genera of the Agaricales, the major distinction between Armillaria and 

Tricholoma, for many authors, was the presence of an annulus in Armillaria. 

However, Quélet (1872) did not consider the annuls to be an important character 

at the generic level and moved several species of Armillaria into the genus 

Tricholoma. Ricken (1914, 1915) also moved many Armillaria species to 

Tricholoma. Ricken contended that Armillaria had no good grounds for existence 

and distributed the species among other genera. Notably, he removed the presentday 

type species, making the combination "Clitocybe mellea (Fr.) Ricken." 

Lange (1915) also discarded Armillaria as a genus, distributing the species among 

other genera, moving the type species to " Lepiota mellea (Fr.) Lange." Lange 

(1935) later accepted Armillaria as a genus. 

In North America, Peck (1874, 1878, 1892, 1893, 1897, 1900, 1909) 

described a large number of species and varieties in Armillaria from the eastern 

United States. Murrill (1914) listed 14 species in Armillaria in North America, 

including only three of Peck’s species. Kauffman (1918) included 6 species in the 

Agaricaceae of Michigan, but stated that there were "twelve additional species 

possible in the eastern United States. " In his monograph of the genus Armillaria 

in the United States, Kauffman (1923) included thirty species in his key, plus ten 

as extralimital. Murrill (1912, 1914, 1943, 1944, 1945) described many new 

Armillaria species from Florida, none of which belong in Armillaria as presently 

conceived. Many of these belong in the genera Limacella, Ripartitella, and 

Tricholoma. 


Emel’s concept of Armillaria 

Emel’s (1921) thesis on Armillaria poses some interesting nomenclatural 

problems. Although this was a thesis, the names contained in it are validly 

published (ICBN Art. 29.1), because the thesis was "offered in exchange," at 

least to Harvard University (FH), where it was received March 1922, according 

to the stamp on the overleaf of the thesis. To ensure its availability, photocopies 

of Emel’s entire thesis have been sent to DAOM (Ottawa, Ontario), NY (New 

York Botanical Garden) BPI (National Fungus Collection, Beltsville MD) and 

WTI (University of Washington Botany Dept.). We know of no other copies, but 

assume there is a copy at Université de Strasbourg in France, where Emel earned 

his degree. 

Emel promoted the idea that the genus Armillaria was artificial and should 

be abandoned, that it consisted of species better placed in Tricholoma, Collybia, 

Clitocybe, and Pleurotus. He even went so far as to erect or accept four sections, 

one in each of these genera, for the anuulate species of Armillaria. But nowhere 

does he say Armillaria is rejected. In fact, he described a new species, 

Armillaria gilvidula Emel. His key, although qualified, is a key to the genus 

Armillaria, and all the species are named in the key as Armillaria species. 

The final section of his thesis could be interpreted as moving the species into 

other genera. This section could also be interpreted as "alternative classification," 

allowed before 1953 (ICBN Art. 34.2), as was the case in some of Murrill’s 

publications (e.g. Murrill 1913, 1914). However, a strict translation and 

interpretation of the French (S. Redhead, Y. Dalpé, and M. Lefebvre, DAOM, 

Pers. Comm.) reveals that Emel apparently lacked the conviction to actually do 

away with the genus Armillaria and thought the species "[. . . should be placed at 

some future time]" (" a ranger dans" ; future tense) into these other genera, and 

did not actually intend to place them in these other genera. Therefore these 

names are not validly published, since ICBN Art. 34.1 says, "A name is not 

validly published (a) when it is not accepted by the author in the original 

publication;. . . . " Furthermore, Art. 34.1 (b) states, "A name is not validly 

published....(b) when it is merely proposed in anticipation of the future 

acceptance of the group concerned, or of a particular circumscription, position, 

or rank of the group...." The names in these other genera should be considered 

provisional combinations and are not validly published. In the following 

nomenclatural treatment, these invalidly published combinations are listed under 

the appropriate epithet and are labeled as invalid. Fortunately for nomenclatural 

purposes, none of the combinations that might be interpreted as new (if 

"alternative classification" were to be accepted) creates nomenclatural problems 

of which we are aware, since none of these generic placements are currently accepted. 


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Another consequence of Emel’s apparent acceptance of the genus Armillaria 

is that Emel’s combinations in Armillaria [ e.g. Armillaria tabescens (Swp.) 

Emel, Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Emel, Armillaria gymnopodia (Bull.) Emel, and 

Armillaria deroda (Schulz.) Emel ] are valid, although A. gymnopodia is now 

considered a synonym of A. tabescens, and A. derodus is probably a Pleurotus 

species. 

Other concepts of Armillaria 

Several authors have moved large numbers of species into the genus 

Armillaria, based on various interpretations of the limits of the genus. Kauffman 

(1923) moved many species now considered to be in the genus Cystoderma to 

Armillaria because of their superficial resemblance to members of the Armillaria 

mellea complex. Singer (1949) moved several Hygrophorus species to 

Armillariella, but Healer and Smith (1963) remarked that all of these species 

belong in Hygrophorus as they accepted it in their monograph of that genus. 

Locquin (1952), who considered the amyloid-spored Armillaria luteovirens as the 

type of Armillaria, moved many Lepidella species to Armillaria; Bas (1969), in 

his monograph of Amanita section Lepidella, accepted a broader concept of 

Amanita to include Lepidella, which we accept here. 

The species that have at one time been placed in Armillaria or Armillariella 

now belong in a total of forty-four genera (Table 1). In addition to the 

Tricholoma and Floccularia species included in Armillaria until relatively 

recently, it is interesting to note that some of these (Agrocybe, Inocybe, 

Gymnopilus, Flammulaster, Stropharia and Psathyrella) are genera characterized 

by brown basidiospores. 

The Biological Species Concept in Armillaria 

At the same time that the changes in the circumscription of the genus 

Armillaria resulted in the expulsion of many species from the genus, the 

morphologically and ecologically diverse Armillaria mellea was being split up 

into several species based on incompatibility (mating) reactions and capabilities. 

This has led to the widespread acceptance of the Biological Species concept in 

Armillaria. 

Until the late 1970’s Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer was considered 

by most researchers to be a pleiomorphic species with a wide host range and 

distribution. The pathology literature on A. mellea was extremely confusing. The 

fungus was considered by different researchers to be either a virulent pathogen or 

an opportunistic pathogen, and its host range was one of the broadest known for 


fungi (Raabe, 1962; Farr et al., 1989). Velenovský (1920, 1927, 1939, 1947) 

recognized these differences and described several new species of Armillaria 

from Central Europe, long before a biological species concept was accepted. 

Herink (1973) recognized most of Velenovský’s species and also made many new 

combinations in Armillaria based on geographically and morphologically distinct 

species described by other authors. Some of Velenovský’s names have been 

linked with present-day biological species (Termorshuizen and Arnolds, 1987; 

Marxmüller 1992). Velenovský’s Armillaria type specimens are extant and have 

been studied by Antonín (1986,1990). 

Because of the difficulty with studying the basidiomata using traditional 

characters, other methods of study were employed. Hintikka (1973) developed a 

technique that allowed determination of mating (incompatibility) types in 

Armillaria based on culture morphology of single spored (haploid) pairings. 

Using a modification of this method, Korhonen (1978) distinguished five 

European Biological Species (EBS). Anderson and Ullrich (1979) demonstrated 

that what had been considered as Armillaria mellea in North America was 

actually 10 genetically isolated biological species (North American Biological 

Species or NABS). To distinguish these from EBS A through E, they were 

designated with Roman numerals (I through X). Anderson, Korhonen, and 

Ullrich (1980) demonstrated the genetic compatibility of four EBS with certain 

NABS. Only Armillaria borealis Marxmüller & Korhonen (EBS A) was found to 

be genetically isolated from (i.e. incompatible with) all the NABS, while a 

number of NABS were unique to North America. Anderson (1986) determined 

that two of the NABS delimited in 1979 were superfluous. However, by this 

time another, apparently rare, biological species, NABS XI had been recognized 

by Morrison et al. (1985). In a search for names for these biological species, 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds (1987) have studied the literature and many of the 

type specimens or paintings of species that have been considered part of the 

Armillaria mellea complex from Europe. In other words, they studied specimens 

and names that researchers have listed over the years as being synonymous with 

Amillaria mellea sensu lato. Their conclusion was that most of the older names 

could not be applied to modem-day biological species with certainty, especially in 

those cases where there was no extant type specimen. 

All of the EBS and most of the NABS have now been given names [Table 2. 

See also Bérubé and Dessureault (1988, 1989)]. NABS IX is in the process of 

being named (Volk and Burdsall, in preparation) and NABS X and XI have yet to 

be described. In addition, there are a number of enigmatic collections of 

Armillaria (with cultures) from North America that cannot be placed in any of 

the known biological species. Thus it is possible, if not likely, that there are 


13

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additional unnamed species of Armillaria in North America and on other 

continents. 

Even before the advent of the biological species concept in Europe and 

North America, workers had described what we now know to be true Armillaria 

species from other continents; Spegazzini (1889, 1899) and Rick (1906, 1907, 

1920, 1937, 1961) described several new species or varieties of Armillaria from 

South America, and Singer (1956, 1969, 1970, 1989) described several species of 

Armillariella from South and Central America. Berkeley and Curtis (1869) 

described several new species from Cuba. Hennings (1895), Patouillard (1895), 

Petch (1909) and Beeli (1927) described species or varieties from Africa. 

Berkeley described a large number of species from the Indian subcontinent (1850) 

and Ceylon (1847), which were later treated by Chandra and Watling (1982). 

The species we presently accept in the genus Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude as 

circumscribed by Watling et al. (1982) are found in Table 2. Some of these 

species (Kile & Watling 1983, 1988; Cha et al., 1994), have been tested against 

EBS or NABS have been found to be distinct biological species. In this work we 

maintain in Armillaria those species that have not been tested against known 

biological species until conclusive testing can be accomplished. It is possible that 

some of these names will be reduced to synonymy once this testing is done. 

Objectives and Methods of this work 

The purpose of this work was to bring together all of the nomenclatural 

literature on past and present members of the genus Armillaria as a prelude to a 

formal monograph of the genus. Since this is a nomenclatural study, we have 

relied on the reading of original descriptions, as well as subsequent studies of 

types and concepts by other authors to determine the correct placement of the 

taxa. We have seen all publications listed herein, except where noted. 

The format of this publication is as follows: each epithet that has been used 

in combination with Armillaria or Armillariella or as a variety of an Armillaria or 

Armillariella species is treated separately, with its combination in Armillaria 

listed first. If no combination was made in Armillaria then the Armillariella 

combination is listed first. Epithets are listed in alphabetical order; if an epithet 

has been used by a different author with a different basionym, the epithet is listed 

more than once and separate paragraphs are devoted to each name. The 

basionym is listed next; if the basionym is the same as the Armillaria or 

Armillariella name in the first line under the epithet, the basionym is not 

repeated. This is followed by the accepted name. If it is not clear from the 

literature what the accepted name should be this line is left blank. Known 


synonyms then follow; obligate synonyms are preceded by " h " (equivalent sign) 

and facultative synonyms are preceded by " = " (equal sign). Later authors who 

accepted a particular placement of a species are listed in the same paragraph, 

preceded by fide, "according to," and the reference (e.g., = Floccularia 

luteovirens (Alb. & Schw.:Fr.) Pouz., Pouzar 1957, C - 

eská Mykol. 11:49; fide 

Singer 1962, Agaricales in Modem Taxonomy p.304). If the accepted name 

cannot be determined (e.g. if the name has fallen into disuse or if the concept of 

the species is unclear or controversial) a short explanation follows. Each name is 

followed by a complete reference to its place of publication. These references are 

not repeated in the "Literature Cited" section, which includes only those 

publications cited in this introduction. Each taxon or epithet mentioned in this 

work that was never combined in Armillaria, but is a synonym of an Amillaria 

or Armillariella species, is listed by epithet, followed by the Armillaria or 

Armillariella specific epithet under which it may be found in this publication. 

Abbreviations of authorities follow Kirk and Ansell (1992). Abbreviations of 

herbaria are as in Holmgren et al. (1990). The International Code of Botanical 

Nomenclature (Greuter, 1988) is abbreviated ICBN, while IF represents the 

Index of Fungi and IFP represents the Index of Fungi, Petrak’s Lists (both from 

CAB International). IUFRO represents the Proceedings of Conferences on Root 

and Butt Rot, sponsored by the International Union of Forestry Research 

Organizations. EBS stands for European Biological Species (Korhonen, 1978; 

Anderson, Korhonen, & Ullrich, 1980) and NABS stands for North American 

Biological Species (Anderson & Ullrich, 1979; Anderson, Korhonen, & Ullrich, 

1980; Anderson, 1986; Morrison, Chu, & Johnson, 1985; Watling, Kile & 

Burdsall, 1991). 

We hope that this publication will serve to clarify the concept of Amillaria 

and its species and serve as a model for nomenclatural studies of other genera. 


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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: 

We are especially grateful to Scott A. Redhead (DAOM, Ottawa, Canada) 

for help with some of the more difficult taxonomic placements and extensive 

comments on the manuscript. We thank David F. Farr, David M. Rizzo, and 

Cindy R. Bergman for review of all or parts of the manuscript. We thank Kristen 

M. Shanks, Roy Watling, Rod Tulloss, Partha Bannerjee, James F. Kimbrough, 

Dennis Desjardin, Donald Pfister, Vladimír Antonín, Walter J. Sundberg, and 

Clark Ovrebo for information on placement of specific taxa; Yolande Dalpé, 

Louise Lefebvre, Scott Redhead, Diane Derouen, Carol Clausen and Hisashi 

Saito for help with translations; and Scott Redhead, Rita Rentmeester, Jean 

Cargill, Judy Roger, Roz Lowen, and Amy Y. Rossman for helping to fmd some 

of the more difficult references. 


Table 1. Current genera of species once placed in Armillaria 

or Armillariella 


17

Table 2. Species presently accepted in the genus Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude, with known distributions. Some of these 

species names may be reduced to synonymy once cultural and mating studies are done. Designations for North American 

Biological Species (NABS, Anderson & Ullrich, 1979) and European Biological Species (EBS; Korhonen, 1978) are 

included.

NABS X and NABS XI are presently undescribed and unnamed. Armillaria fulgens (Cooke & Massee) Sacc. [Australia], 

Armillaria saviczii (Singer) Herink [Byelorussia], Armillaria umbilicata (Pat.) Sacc. & Syd. [Guadeloupe] are true 

members of the genus Armillaria, but have not been found or studied since their original description, despite extensive 

collecting in the areas from which they were described. Armillaria solidipes Peck, from Colorado, is also a true Armillaria 

species, but whether it is conspecific with any other Armillaria species is unknown.

20 

LITERATURE CITED 



21

22 



23

24 

Alphabetical listing of epithets in Armillaria and 

Armillariella and their current dispositions 

adelpha 

Armillaria adelpha (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:84 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) adelphus Berk., Berkeley 1850, Decades of 

Fungi XXV to XXX no. 251 in Hooker’s J. Bot. 2:47 

accepted name: Because of the controversy surrounding this name and the 

apparent two type specimens, and the synonymy of this name with a brown 

spored species by Emel, this name is best considered a nomen dubium 

= Stropharia aeruginosa (M. A. Curtis) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:1013; fide Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.74 

= Armillaria omnituens (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:84; 

fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:16; however, fide Chandra and Watling 

1981, Kavaka 10:65, they are not synonyms. The discrepancy apparently arises 

over which specimen should be considered the type. 

adnatifolia 

Armillaria adnatifolia (Peck) Kauffman, Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 

2:60 

basionym: Lepiota adnatifolia Peck, Peck 1902, NY State Museum Report of the 

State Botanist 1901, NY State Museum Bulletin 271:947 

accepted name: h Cystoderma adnatifolium (Peck) Harmaja, Harmaja 1974, 

Karstenia 14:122 

h Cystoderma granulosum (Batsch:Fr.) Fayod var. adnatifolia A.H. Smith & 

Singer, Smith and Singer 1944 (1945), Proc. Mich. Acad. Sci. 30: 90; fide 

Miller and Farr 1975, Bib. Mycol. 44:59 

affinis 

Armillariella afinis Singer, Singer 1989, Fieldiana 21:12 

basionym: Armillariella afinis Singer, Singer 1989, Fieldiana 21:12 

accepted name: h Armillaria afinis (Singer) Volk & Burdsall, comb. nov. 

The description and photos indicate that this is a true Armillaria species. Cultural 

and mating studies will have to be done to determine its affinities to other 

Armillaria species. 


africana 

Armillaria mellea (Vahk:Fr.) P.Kumm. subsp. africana Mohammed, Guillaumin, 

Botton, & Intini, Mohammed et al. 1994, IUFRO 8:408 

accepted name: nomen nudum, ICBN Art. 36.1, no Latin diagnosis. 

Mohammed et al. 1994, loc. cit., have proposed this name for a groups of 

African homothallic isolates resembling Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. 

sensu stricto, q.v.. 

alachuana 

Armillaria alachuana Murrill, Murrill 1938, Mimeographed Contr. Herb. U. of 

Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. p. 12; invalidly published ICBN Art. 29.1 

accepted name: = Ripartitella sp. 

nomen nudum, fide Singer 1946, Lloydia 9:128, name not validly published 

(ICBN Art. 29.1) Specimen at FLAS indicated as the type by Murrill examined 

by us, Murrill wrote the name "A. squamosidisca Murr. " on the label of the type 

collection, so this is likely to be the same as that species, placed in synonymy 

with Ripartitella brasiliensis (Speg.) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:452 

alachuana 

Armillariella alachuana (Murrill) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:216 

basionym: Clitocybe alachuana Murrill, Murrill 1944, Proc. Fl. Acad. Sci. 

7:107 

accepted name: = Rhodocybe mundulata (Lasch) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), 

Lilloa 22:609; fide Bigelow 1985, Beih. Nova Hedw. 81: 425; fide Baroni 1981, 

Beih. Nova Hedw. 67:99; see Baroni 1981, loc. cit., for list of other synonyms 

h Lulesia alachuana (Murrill) Singer, Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:17 

NOT Armillaria alachuana Murrill, Murrill 1938, Mim. Contr. Herb. U. of Fla. 

Agr. Exp. Sta. p. 12, q.v.; note that Murrill used the epithet alachuana many 

times in naming species. 

alba 

Armillaria luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Sacc. f. alba A.H. Smith, Smith 

1947, Mycologia 39: 625 

accepted name: h Floccularia luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Pouzar f. alba 

(A.H. Smith) Pilat, Pilat 1969, C - 

eská Mykol. 23:13 


25

26 

alba 

Armillaria albolanaripes G.F. Atk. f. alba Mitchel & A.H. Smith, Mitchel & 

A.H. Smith 1976, Mycotaxon 4 (2): 527 

accepted name: 

If this is a true form of this species, it belongs in the genus Flocuclaria. 

alba 

Armillaria stmminea (Krombholz) P.Kumm. var. americana Mitchel & A.H. 

Smith f. alba (A.H. Smith) Mitchel & Smith, Mitchel & A.H. Smith 1976, 

Mycotazon 4 (2): 527 

basionym: Armillaria luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Sacc. f. alba A.H. 

Smith, Smith 1947, Mycologia 39:625 

accepted name: h Floccularia straminea (Krombh.) Pouzar var. americana 

(Mitchel & Smith) Ron f. alba (Mitchel & A.H. Smith) Bon, Bon 1990, 

Documents Mycologiques 20 (no. 79): 57 

h Armillaria luteovirens f. alba A.H. Smith, Smith 1947, Mycologia 39:625; 

fide Mitchel and Smith 1976, Mycotaxon 4 (2): 527 

h Floccularia luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Pouzar f. alba (A.H. Smith) 

Pilát, Pilát 1969, C - 

eská Mylcol. 23:13; fide Mitchel and Smith 1976, Mycotaxon 

4 (2): 527 

albertinii, Pleurotus SEE lepiota, pleurotoides 

albida 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. albida Peck, Peck 1892, NY State 

Museum Report St. Bot. 44: 134 

basionym: Armillaria mellea Vahl var. albida Peck, Peck 1892, loc. cit. 


Peck’s description indicates only that it is a "white or whitish form of Armillaria 

mellea" s.l.; fide Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V Bmé. Vyznamenaná 

Rádem Prace BRNO p. 33, this probably represents an albino form of A. mellea 

s.1. 

albolanaripes 

Armillaria albolanaripes G.F. Atk., Atkinson 1908, Annales Mycologici 6:54 

accepted name: h Floccularia albolanaripes (G.F. Atk.) Redhead, Redhead 

1987, Canad. J. Bot. 65:1556 

h Floccularia albolanaripes (G.F. Atk.) Walting & S.P. Abraham, Walting and 

S.P. Abraham 1992, Int’l. J. Lichenol. and Mycol. 5(3):155, superfluous comb. 


albo-sericea 

Armillaria ah-sericea (Brig.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:77 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) albo-sericeus Brig., Briganti and Briganti 1851 

(1852), Neap. t.4, f.1-2 


= Calocybe constricta (Fr.) Kühner ex Singer, Singer (1961) 1962, Sydowia 

15:47; fide Bigeard and Guillemin (1909) Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de 

France p. 72 [as "Armillaria constricta (Fr.) Gillet," q.v] 

fide Fries 1863, Monogr. II p. 330, this taxon is "inter A. scruposum & 

constrictum medius"; Briganti 1851, loc. cit., describes and illustrates this taxon 

with a tuberous base, unlike an Armillaria. The proper disposition of this species 

is not known. 

album, Tricholoma SEE appendiculata 


27

28 

alphitophylla 

Armillaria alphitophylla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. 

Flora 10(1):39; see Murrill 1939, p. 31 

basionym: Agaricus (Mycena) alphitophyllus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Berkeley and 

Curtis 1858, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4:112 

accepted name: = Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Höhn., Höhnel 1909, Sitz.ber. 

Akad. Wiss. Wien 118:276; fide Singer 1945, Mycologia 37:436; fide 

Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:152 

h Mycena alphitophylla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:305 

h Chamaemyces alphitophyllus (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill, Murrill 1911, 

Mycologia 3:91 

h Oudemansiella alphitophylla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Boedijn, Boedijn 1940, 

Bull. Jard. bot. Buitenz., Sér. III, xvi, p. 398; fide IF 1:27 

h Collybia alphitophylla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) S.Ito & S.Imai, Ito and Imai 

1939, Trans. Sopporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 16:15. Original not seen, cited by Petrak 

1936-1939, p.23 

h Collybia mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Bicken f. alphitophylla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) 

Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.76, published as a provisional 

combination, invalid ICBN Art. 34.1(b) 

= Agaricus (Amanita) cubensis Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Berkeley and Curtis 1869, 

J. Linn. Soc. 10:282; fide Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:39; fide Emel 1921, 

Le genre Armillaria p.56; fide Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:150 

= Agaricus (Mycena) leucoconis Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Berkeley and Curtis, 

1858, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4:113 [ h Mycena leucoconis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) 

Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:273]; fide Murrill 1914, N. Amer. 

Flora 10:39; fide Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.56 

= Armillaria cheimonophylla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc. q.v.; fide Singer 

1945, Mycologia 37:436; fide Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.56 

ambiguus, Agaricus SEE ramentacea 

ambrosii 

Armillaria ambrosii Bres., Bresadola 1883, Fungi Tridentini 1:27 

accepted name: h Cystoderma ambrosii (Bres.) Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. 

Mycol. Berlin 41:170 [ Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti, p. 253, 

incorrectly attributes the combination to Smith & Singer] 

h Tricholoma ambrosii (Bres.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpi1ze p. 330 


ameghinoi 

Armillaria ameghinoi Speg., Spegazzini 1899, Anales de1 Museo National de 

Buenos Aires 6:97; Spegazzini indicates this taxon as "Armillaria ?" 

accepted name: h Amanita ameghinoi (Speg.) Singer, Singer 1952, Sydowia 6 

(5/6):344; fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:358 

americana 

Armillaria straminea (Krombh.) P.Kumm. var. americana Mitchel & A.H. Smith 

f. americana Mitchelk A.H. Smith, Mitchel and A.H. Smith 1976, Mycotaxon 

4(2):522 

accepted name: h Floccularia straminea (Krombh.) Pouzar var. americana 

(Mitchel & A.H. Smith) Bon, Bon 1990, Documents Mycologiques 20 (no. 79): 

57 

If A. straminea (q.v.) is accepted as a synonym of A. luteovirens, this taxon 

should be Floccularia luteovirens var. americana f. americana; see discussion 

under straminea. 

amianthina 

Armillaria amianthina (Scop.:Fr.) Kauffman, Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. 

Sci. 2:60 

basionym: Agaricus amianthinus Scop., Scopoli 1772, Flora Carniolica Plantas 

Camiolae Indigenas II 434 

accepted name: h Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop.:Fr.) Fayod, Fayod 1889, 

Prodrome, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII 9:351 

NOT Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop. :Fr.) Fayod var. longisporum Kühner, 

Kühner 1969, Bull. mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 38(6):184 [= Crystoderma jasonis 

(Cooke & Massee) Harmaja, Harmaja 1978, Karstenia 18(l): 291 

h Lepiota amianthinum (Scop.:Fr.) Wünsche, Wünsche 1877, Die Pilze p. 205; 

fide Dank 1960, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 5:80 

h Lepiota amianthinum (Scop.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p. 327, 

superfluous comb. 

annularius, Agaricus SEE mellea 


29

30 

apalosclerus 

Armillaria apalosclerus (Berk.) A. Chandra & Watling, Chandra and Watling 

1981, Kavaka 10:65 

basionym: Agaricus (Pleurotus) apalosclerius Berk., Berkeley 1850, Hook. J. 

Bot. & Kew Gdn. Miscellany 2:82 

accepted name: = Oudemanriella canarii (Jungh.) Höhn., Höhnel 1909, Sitzber. 

Akad. Wiss. Wien 118:276; fide Singer 1945, Mycologia 37:436; fide 

Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:152 

h Pleurotus hapalosclerus (Berk.) Sacc. ( h apalosclerus Berk), Saccardo 1887, 

Sylloge Fungorum 5:351 

fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:65, this species is exannulate and 

near Armillaria tabescens and A. ectypa. note numerous spelling changes in the 

epithet. 

appendiculuta 

Armillaria appendiculata Peck, Peck 1897, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 24:140 


fide Peck 1897, loc. cit., "suggestive of Tricholoma album" but with a veil. 

Mycorrhizal fungus, not an Armillaria. Its proper disposition is not known. 

aquatica, Clitocybe SEE tabescens 

arenicola 

Armillaria arenicola Murrill, Murrill 1912, Mycologia 4:212 

accepted name: = Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead, Redhead 1984, 

Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 256; fide Redhead 1984, loc. cit. 

h Tricholoma murrillianum Singer, Singer 1942, Lloydia 5: 113; nomen novum 

for Armillaria arenicola Murrill, Murrill 1912, loc. cit. 

NOT Tricholoma arenicola (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1913, Mycologia 5:223 

[ = Melanoleuca arenicola Murrill, Murrill 1913, Mycologia 5:214, alternative 

name in same publication; = Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken, q.v.; fide Ovrebo, 

1980, Ph.D. thesis Univ. of Toronto, p. 177 ] 

argentina 

Armillaria argentina Speg., Spegazzini 1899, Anales de1 Museo Nacional de 

Buenos Aires 6:99 


No further information is available about this species. Spegazzini’s description 

suggests a mycorrhizal species, not an Armillaria. 


armeniaca 

Armillariella armeniaca (Montagne) Raithelh., Raithelhuber 1990, Metrodiana 

18(1-2): 37 [ as "(Mont. ss. Rick)" ] 

basionym: Agaricus armeniacus Montagne, Montagne 1856, CENT. VII:22. 

Original not seen, cited by Raithelhuber 1990, loc. cit. 


Raithelhuber’s description indicates no annulus, hyphae with clamps. If an 

Armillaria its closest relative would be A. tabescens, but this species is probably 

not an Armillaria. 

asprata 

Armillaria asprata (Berk.) Petch, Petch 1910, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gdn. Peradeniya 

4:386 

basionym: Agaricus (Lepiota) aspratus Berk., Berkeley 1847, Hook. Lond. Jour. 

Bot. 6:481; Petch 1910, loc. cit., cites basionym as "Agaricus (Armillaria) 

aspratus Berk., " as do Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:80 

accepted name: = Cyptotrama asprata (Berk.) Redhead & Ginns, Redhead and 

Ginns 1979, Can. J. Bot. 58:732; fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:65 

h Lepiota asprata (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:48 

= Xerula chryopepla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Singer, Singer 1953, Lilloa 

26:156; fide Redhead and Ginns 1977, loc. cit. 

= Armillaria carneogelatinosa Rick, Rick 1920, Brot. Ser. Bot. 18(2): 52; fide 

Redhead and Ginns 1977, loc. cit. 

atkinsoniana 

Armillaria atkinsoniana (Coker) Locq., Locquin 1952, Bull. trimest. Soc. Mycol. 

France 68: 167. no description or indication of new sp. or comb. 

basionym: Amanita atkinsoniana Coker, Coker 1917, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. 

Soc. 33:84 

accepted name: = Amanita atkinsoniana Coker, Coker 1917, J. Elisha Mitch. 

Scient. Soc. 33:84 pls. 58-59; fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:427 

h Lepidella atkinsoniana (Coker) E.J. Gilbert & Kühner, Gilbert and Kühner 

1928, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 44:151 


31

32 

aurantia 

Armillaria aurantia (Schaeff.:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Champ. Jura Vosques I in 

Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:231 

basionym: Agaricus aurantius Schaeff., Schaeffer 1762 t.37 (not seen); 

redescribed by Schaeffer 1774, Fungi qui.. Bavaria t. 32 and Schaeffer 1780, 

Fung. qui... Bavaria t. 37 . 

accepted name: h Tricholoma aurantium (Schaeff.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, 

Die Blätterpilze p.332 

h Agaricus (Tricholoma) aurantius Schaeff.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Mycol. I: 39 

h Melanoleuca aurantia (Schaeff.:Fr.) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 

10:23 

= Agaricus (Tricholoma) peckii Howe, Howe 1875, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 6:66; 

fide Kauffmau 1918, Agaricaceae of Michigan p.651; fide Murrill 1914, loc. cit. 

australis 

Armillaria australis Murrill, Murrill 1945, J. Fl. Acad. Sci. 8(2):175 

accepted name: = Ripartitella sp. We examined the type of this species from 

FLAS. The spores are ornamented, non-amyloid and it appears to be a 

Ripartitella sp. 

NOT Armillaria colossa (Fr.) Boud. var. australis Cleland, Cleland 1927, No. 6 

No. 457, Trans. Proc. Royal Soc. S. Australia 51:299, q. v. 

NOT Tricholoma australe (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1944 (1945), Lloydia 7:327 

[= Melanoleuca australis Murrill, loc. cit. p. 306, alternative name in same 

publication] 

NOT Clitocybe australis Murrill, Murrill 1944 (1945), Lloydia 7:327 

[= Clitocybe gibba (Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, Führ. Pilzkunde p. 123; fide 

Bigelow 1985, Beih. Nova Hedw. 81:291] 

Note that Murrill used this epithet for a large number of taxa. 

australis 

Armillaria colossa (Fr.) Boud. var. australis Cleland, Cleland 1927, Trans. Proc. 

Royal Soc. S. Australia 51:299 

basionym: Armillaria colossa (Fr.) Boud. var. australis Cleland, Cleland 1927, 

loc. cit. 

accepted name: = Tricholoma coarctatum (Cooke & Massee) Sacc., Saccardo 

1891, Sylloge Fungorum 9: 13 ( h Agaricus (Tricholoma) coarctatus Cooke & 

Massee 1889, Grev. 18:2); fide Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:227 (as var. 

australiensis); fide Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:77 


azalearum 

Armillariella azalearum (Murrill) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:216 

basionym: Clitocybe azalearum Murrill, Murrill 1942, Llyodia 5:137 

accepted name: h Rhodocybe azalearum (Murrill) T.J. Baroni, Baroni 1981, 

Beih. Nov. Hedwigia 67: 44; fide Bigelow 1985, Beih. Nova Hedw. 81:425 

NOT Cortinellus azalearum Murrill, Murrill 1942, Lloydia 5:137 [ h Tricholoma 

azalearum (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1942, Lloydia 5:156, alternative name in 

same publication]; Note that Murrill used the epithet azalearum in many 

different genera 

badicephala 

Armillaria badicephala Zeller, Zeller 1935, Mycologia 27:459 


Zeller 1935, loc. cit., describes it as "near Tricholoma subpessundatum Murr." 

suggesting a placement in Tricholoma; "with the general appearance of a 

Tricholoma", fide Hotson 1940, Mycologia 32: 786. It is apparently not a species 

of Armillaria. 

baccata, Amanita SEE beillii 

batschii, Tricholoma SEE subannulata, fracticia 

beillii 

Armillaria beillii (Beauseign.) Locq., Locquin 1952, Bull. trimest. Soc. Mycol. 

France 68:167. no description or indication of new sp. or comb. 

basionym: Lepidella beillii Beauseign., Beauseigneur 1926, Bull. Soc. Mycol. 

France XLII p.465 


fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:285-379, not an Armillaria, "probably an ecological 

form of Amanita baccata, maybe a clamped form of Amanita gracilor" 

borealis 

Armillaria borealis Marxmüller & Korhonen, Marxmüller and Korhonen 1982, 

Bull. Soc. Myco. Fr. 98(1):122 

accepted name: h Armillaria borealis Marxmüller & Korhonen, Marxmüller 

and Korhonen 1982, loc. cit. 

Korhonen species A (EBS A) 


33

34 

boryana 

Armillaria boryana (Berk. & Mont.) Murrill, Murrill 1939, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 

66:31 

basionym: Agaricus (Collybia) boryanus Berk. & Mont., Berkeley & Montagne 

1849, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. sér. 3, 11:235; basionym cited in "Cent. VI n.61 & 

Mont. Syll. Crypt n. 346" in Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:240 

accepted name: h Lentinula boryana (Berk. & Mont.) Pegler, Pegler 1975, 

Kavaka 3:19; fide Pegler 1983, World Monogr. Lentinus p. 224 

h Collybia boryana (Berk. & Mont.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:240, as "(Bory. & Mont.) Sacc." 

h Lentinus boryanus (Berk. & Mont.) Singer, Singer 1955, Sydowia Ann. 

Mycol. 9: 379 

h Gymnopus boryanus (Berk. & Mont.) Murrill, Murrill 1916, N. Amer. Flora 

9:74 

= Lentinus cubensis Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Berkeley and Curtis 1869, J. Linn. 

Soc. 10:302; fide Pegler 1983, loc. cit. 

= Armillaria raphanica Murrill, Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35: 422 q.v. 

brasiliensis, Ripartitella SEE alachuana, floridana, rhagadiosa, and 

squamosidisca 

bresadolae 

Armillaria bresadolae Rick, Rick 1907, Broteria 6(2):71 

accepted name: = Lepiota crassor Singer, Singer 1953, Lilloa 26:64, nomen 

novum for Rick’s species since Lepiota bresadolae (Rick) Singer would be invalid 

as a later homonym of Lepiota bresadolae (Schulzer), Sacc. 1887, see below. 

h Amanita bresadolae (Rick) Rick, Rick 1937, Lilloa 1:308 

NOT Lepiota bresadolae (Schulzer) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:33; [ h Agaricus (Lepiota) bresadolue Schulzer, Schulzer 1885, Hedwigia 

24: 132]; note that Schulzer used the epithet bresadolae for many different species 

NOT Agaricus (Amanita) bresadolae Schulzer, Schulzer 1885, Hedwigia 24: 132 

NOT Tricholoma bresadolae Clémençon, Clémençon 1977, Nova Hedwigia 28 

(1):32 [ = nomen novum for Tricholoma murinaceum Bull. sensu Bresadola 

1927; = Tricholoma bresadolianum Clémençon, Clémençon 1977, Documents 

Mycologiques 7 (27-28): 54; see IF 4:486 ] 


uchi 

Amillaria bruchi Speg., Spegazzini 1925 (1926), Bol. Acad. Nat. Cienc. 

Córdoba, 28:276 

accepted name: nomen ambiguum; fide Singer 1952, Sydowia 6:345; fide Bas 

1969, Persoonia 5:285-379, not an Armillaria 

NOT Agaricus bruchi Speg., Spegazzini 1925 (1926), Bol. Acad. Nat. de Cienc. 

Córdoba 28:327 

brunneus, Agaricus SEE spongiosa 

bulbiger 

Armillaria bulbigera (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, Führ. 

Pilz. p.135 

basionym: Agaricus bulbiger Alb. & Schwein., Albertini and Schweinitz 1805, 

Conspectus Fungorum p. 150 

accepted name: h Leucocortinarius bulbiger (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Singer, 

Singer 1945, Lilloa 8: 141, see this reference for other synonyms. 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) bulbiger Alb. & Schwein.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc.I 

p.27 

h Tricholoma bulbigerum (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p.331 [ as "(Schwein.) Ricken" ] 

h Cortinarius bulbiger (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Lange, Lange 1933, Dansk Bot. 

Ark. 8(7): 6 [ as "(Fr.) Lange" ] 

h Cortinellus bulbiger (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Pat., Patouillard --reference not 

found, cited in Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:67 


35

36 

bulbosa 

Armillaria bulbosa Velenovský, Velenovský 1927, Mykologia (Praha) 4:116 [ as 

"(Barla) Velen. " ] 

basionym: Armillaria bulbosa Velenovský, Velenovský 1927, Mykologia (Praha) 

4:116 { nomen novum based on Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. 

bulbosa Barla, Barla 1887, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 3:143 (nom. rej. ICBN 

Art. 64.1, later homonym of Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. bulbosa 

P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandanviska halföns 

Hattsvampar p.21, q.v.) } 

accepted name: = Armillaria cepistipes Velen., Velenovský 1920, C - eské 

Houby, Dil II:283; fide Marxmüller 1992, Mywtaxon 44:270, Armillaria mellea 

(Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. bulbosa Barla, q.v. is probably identical with 

Armillaria cepistipes Velen. based on the habitat, occurrence under conifers, and 

examination of Barla’s type specimen and color plate. Armillaria cepistipes 

Velen. 1920 is an older name than Armillaria bulbosa Velen. 1927. See 

additional discussion under gallica. 

h Armillariella bulbosa (Velen.) Romagn., Romagnesi 1973, Bull. trimest. Soc. 

Mycol. France 89 (2): 199 [ as "(Barla) Romagn., " treated here as a 

bibliographic error]; fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:270, this name has 

been misapplied, and the species described and collected by Romagnesi is 

identical to Armillaria gallica Marxmüller & Romagn., Marxmüller & 

Romagnesi 1987, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 103:152. 

h Armillaria bulbosa (Barla) Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1983, Trans. 

Brit. Mycol. Soc. 81 (1): 131, superfluous comb. 

= Armillaria lutea sensu Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:108; 

fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:270 

NOT Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumtn. var. bulbosa P.Karst., Karsten 

1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p.21; this 

name has priority over Barla’s, q.v. 

NOT Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. bulbosa Peck, Peck 1893, NY 

State Mus. Rept. 46: 133, q.v.; illegitimate as later homonym of both Barla’s and 

Karsten’s names (ICBN ART. 64.1) 

If the name Armillaria bulbosa were to be used, it would have to be cited as 

"Armillaria bulbosa Velen. " (ICBN Art. 72), since Barla’s name is illegitimate as 

a later homonym of Karsten’s 1879 name. (ICBN Art. 64.1). 


ulbosa 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. bulbosa P.Karst., Karsten 1879, 

Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p.21 


This taxon has not been addressed since Karsten’s description. It is a nomen 

dubium. 

bulbosa 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. bulbosa Peck, Peck 1893, NY State 

Mus. Rept. 46:133 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. It is illegitimate (ICBN 

Art. 64.1) as a later homonym of both Barla’s and Karsten’s Armillaria mellea 

var. bulbosa. q.v. 

butryaceus, Agaricus SEE spongiosa 

canarii, Oudemansiella SEE alphitophylla, apalosclerus, cheimonophylla, 

favacea, mucida, and platensis 

caeruleo-viridis 

Armillaria caeruleo-viridis (Brig.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:77 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) caeruleo-viridis Brig., Briganti 1837 (1839), 

Jun. Neap. p. 9 t.3. f.1-2, Comes F. Napoli p.9 


doubtful whether an Armillaria species, fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, 

Mycotaxon 30: 105 

caespitosus, Lentinus (also Agaricus, Pleurotus, Monadelphus) SEE tabescens 

californicum, Tricholoma SEE subannulatum 


37

38 

caligata 

Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 79 

basionym: Agaricus caligatus Viv., Viviani 1834, Funghi d’Italia I t.35 

accepted name: h Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p.331; Sometimes incorrectly cited as "Tricholoma caligatum 

(Viv.:Fr.) Ricken" 

h Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Bres., cited in Lindau and Ulbrich 1928, 

Kryptogamenflora für Anfänger p. 351. We were unable to find this combination 

in any of Bresadola’s works. 

h Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Maire, Maire 1933, Publ. Junta Cienc. Nat. 

Barcelona, Treb. Mus. Cienc. Nat. Barcelona XV nr. 2 p.80, original not seen, 

cited in IFP 1932-35, p. 238, superfluous comb. 

h Armillaria caligata (Xv.) Sacc.., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:75, 

superfhous comb. 

NOT Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Gillet sensu Hariot & Pat., Hariot and 

Patouillard 1902, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8:132; fide Scott Redhead (Pers. Comm.) 

this is a misapplied name, as Hariot and Patouillard apparently based their 

description on a matsutake purchased in the market; = Armillaria matsutake 

S.Ito & S.Imai,q.v., fide Ito and Imai 1925, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39:327, who cited 

this as "Armillaria caligata Har. & Pat.," as did Kytövuori 1988 (1989), 

Karstenia 28(2):69. Thus the synonymy of T.matsutake with T.caligatum is based 

on a misapplication of the name T.caligatum. 

fide Bon 1984, Encyclopedia Mycologique 36: 275; fide Riva 1988, Fungi 

Europaei: Tricholoma p. 400, Tricholoma matsutake q.v. is the same as 

T.caligatum, but the basis for the synonymy as proposed by these authors is not 

known. 

calvescens 

Armillaria calvescens Bérubé & Dessur., Bérubé and Dessurealt 1989, Mycologia 

81(2):220 

accepted name: h Armillaria calvescens Bérubé & Dessur., Bérubé and 

Dessurealt 1989, loc. cit. 

North American Biological Species III 


calyptrata 

Armillaria calyptrata (Lindbl.) P.Karst., Karsten, 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och 

den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p.23 

basionym: Agaricus (Pleurotus) calyptratus Lindbl., Lindblad in Fries 1857, 

Monograph. I p. 238 

accepted name: h Pleurotus calyptratus (Lindbl.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, 

Sylloge Fungorum 5: 341 

The description indicates a subsessile basidioma with laterally attached stipe. It is 

likely a Pleurotus species. 

camerunsis 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. camerunensis Henn., Hennings 1895, 

Fungi Camerun. I in Engl. Jahrb. 22: 107 

basionym: Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. camerunensis Henn., 

Hennings 1895, loc. cit. 

accepted name: h Armillaria camerunensis (Henn.) Volk & Burdsall, comb. 

nov. Mohammed et al. 1989, IUFRO 7:447-457 provide preliminary evidence 

that this is a distinct species of Armillaria. We maintain it here as a separate 

until definitive mating and cultural studies can be done. Since this name is being 

used we provide a validly published combination. 

fide Roy Walting (Pers. Comm.) possibly = Armillaria fuscipes Petch, q.v. 

h Armillariella camerunensis (Henn.) Singer, Singer 1986, Agaricales in 

Modem Tax. p. 263 

carcharius 

Armillaria carcharia (Pers.) Kauffman, Kauffman 1924, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 

4:317 [ mis-cited as "(Fr.) Kauffman", bibliographic error ] 

basionym: Agaricus carcharias Pers., Persoon 1797, Disp. Meth. Fung. 16 p. 

18 

accepted name: h Cystoderma carcharios (Pers.) Fayod, Fayod 1889, 

Prodrome, Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. VII 9:351; note spelling change to -os; fide Singer 

1961, Persoonia 2: 13 

h Lepiota carcharias (Pers.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och 

den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p. 14 [ as "(Pers.) Fr.," but Fries 1874, 

Hym. Eur. p. 36, treated this as "Agaricus (Lepiota) carcharias" ] 

h Lepiota carcharias (Pers.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p. 327, 


h Lepiota granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) Quél. var. carcharias (Pers.) Gillet, Gillet 

1874, Les Hym. p. 71 

= Armillaria pinetorum Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 79; fide Bresadola 

1920, Ann. Mycol. 18:65 


39

40 

carneogelatinosa 

Armillaria carneogelatinosa Rick, Rick 1920, Brot. Ser. Bot. 18(2): 52 

accepted name: = Cyptotrama asprata (Berk.) Redhead & Ginns, Redhead and 

Ginns 1979, Can. J. Bot. 58:732 

casimiri 

Armillaria casimiri Velen., Velenovský 1920, C - 

eské Houby, Dil II:283. 

accepted name: nomen dubium, fide Antonín 1990, Acta Mus Moraviae Sci. 

Nat. 75: 129 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:105, suggest this species may 

be synonymous with Catathelasma imperiale (Fr.) Singer because of double 

anuulus; fide Antonín 1990, Acta Mus Moraviae Sci. Nat. 75: 130 (who studied 

the type) it is not C. imperiale. 

castulifera 

Armillariella castulifera Romagn., Romagnesi 1978, Bull. trimest. Mycol. Soc. 

Fr. 94 (2): 100 

accepted name: h Leucocortinarius castulifer (Romagn.) Romagn., Romagnesi 

1980, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 96 (2):150 

causetta 

Armillaria causetta (Barla) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.27., 

published as a provisional combination, invalid, ICBN Art. 34.1(b) 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) causetta Barla, Barla 1859, Champ. Nice. p. 16 

t. 9 & 10 f. 4-7 

accepted name: = Tricholoma robustum (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 

1914, Die Blätterpilze p.332; fide Kytövuori 1988 (1989), Karstenia 28(2):69; 

fide Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti (as T.robustrum) 

h Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken var. causetta (Barla) Bon, Bon 1976, 

Documents Mycologique 6:273 

= Armillaria rufa Quél., Quélet 1881, Jura Suppl. 10, in C.R. Ass. Fr. Av. Sci. 

9:661; fide Quélet 1881, loc. cit. ; but see discussion under focalis 


cepistipes 

Armillaria cepistipes Velen., Velenovský 1920, C - 

eské Houby, Dil II:283 

accepted name: h Armillaria cepistipes Velen., Velenovský 1920, loc. cit. ; fide 

Antonin 1986, C - 

eské Mykol. 40(1):38 

= Armillaria cepistipes Vel. f. pseudobulbosa Romagn. & Marxmüller, 

Romagnesi and Marxmüller 1983, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 99(3):310; fide 

Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:269 (form designations abandoned, forms 

intergrade) 

= Armillaria mellea (VahhFr.) P.Kumm. var. bulbosa Barla, Barla 1887, Bull. 

Soc. Mycol. France 3:143; fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:270-- see 

discussion under bulbosa. 

Korhonen Species B (EBS B), partially compatible with North American 

Biological Species X and XI 

fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:269-270, cepistipes should be the accepted 

spelling of this name-- orthographic variants include cepaestipes and cepestipes 

cerasi 

Armillaria cerasi Vel., Velenovský 1920, C - 


accepted name: = Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. q.v.; fide Antonín 

1990, Acta Mus Moraviae Sci. Nat. 75:130; fide Termomhuizen and Arnolds 

1987, Mycotaxon 30: 105-106, "possibly A.mellea" 

cheimonophylla 

Armillaria cheimonophylla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:86 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) cheimonophyllus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, 

Berkeley and Curtis 1869, J. Linn. Soc. 10:284 


Akad. Wiss.Wien 118:276; fide Singer 1945, Mycologia 37:437; fide Pegler 

1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:152 

h Mucidula cheimonophylla (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Pat., Patouillard 1899, Bull. 

Soc. Mycol. France 15:192 

Armillaria mellea (VahLFr.) P.Kumm. var. chlorina Rick, Rick 1906, Blotéria 

5:24 

accepted name: = Armillaria puiggarii Speg., Spegazzini 1889, Bol. Acad. 

Nat. Cienc. Córdoba 11: 384; fide Singer 1952, Sydowia 6:344; fide Singer 

1953, Lilloa 26:66; fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:7 


41

42 

chrysopepla, Xerula SEE asprata 

chryosophylha 

Armillariella chryosophylla (Fr.) Singer, Singer 1943, Annales Mycol.(Berlin) 

41:20 

basionyam: Agaricus (Omphalia) chrysophyllus Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Mycol. 

1:167 

accepted name: h Chrysomphalina chrysophylla (Fr.) Clémençon, Clémençon 

1982, Zeit. Mykol. 48:203; fide Norvel, Redhead and Ammirati 1994, 

Mycotaxon 50:390. 

h Gerronema chrysophyllum (Fr.) Singer, Singer 1959, Mycologia 51:380 

h Omphalia chrysophylla (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p.296 

h Omphalina chrysophylla (Fr.) Murrill, Murrill 1916, N. Amer. Flora 9: 346 

= Clitocybe luteophylla Bigelow & Healer, Bigelow and Healer 1960, J. Elisha 

Mitchell Sci. Soc. 76: 160, nomen novum for Agaricus chrysophyllus non 

Clitocybe chrysophylla Hruby, Hruby 1930, Hedwigia 70: 243. 

cinereoconia 

Armillaria cinereoconia (G.F. Atk.) Locq., Locquin 1952, Bull. trimest. Soc. 

Mycol. France 68:167. no description or indication of new sp. or comb. 

basionym: Amanita cinereoconia G.F. Atk., Atkinson 1909, Ann. Mycol. 

(Berlin) 7:366 

accepted name: h Amanita cinereoconia G.F. Atk., Atkinson 1909, loc. cit. ; 

fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5463 

cingulata 

Armillaria cingulata (Almfelt in Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Quélet Champ. Jura 

Vosques I in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:74 

basionym: Agaricus (Lepiota) cingulatus Almfelt in Fr., Fries 1830, Linnaea 

5:507 tab. 10 [Eclogae Fungorum p. 5071 

accepted name: h Tricholoma cingulatum (Fr.) Jacobasch, Jacobasch 1892, 

Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brand. 33:59 

= Armillaria ramentaceu ss. Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 78; fide Bon 1984, 

Encyclopédia Mycologique 36: 155; fide Riva 1988, Fungi Europaei: Tricholoma 

p. 244 [as "Tricholoma ramentaceum sensu Gillet" ] 


cinnabarina 

Armillaria cinnabarina (Alb. & Schwein.) Kauffman, Kauffman 1923, Pap. 

Mich. Acad. Sci. 2:60 

basionym: Agaricus granulosus Batsch var. cinnabarinus Alb. & Schwein., 

Albertini and Schweinitz 1805, Conspectus Fungorum p. 147 

accepted name: = Cystoderma terreii (Berk. & Broome) Harmaja, Harmaja 

1978, Karstenia 18:29-30 

h Agaricus (Lepiota) cinnabarinus Alb. & Schwein. ex Fr., Fries 1874, Hym. 

Eur. p.36. Fries did not mention this species until 1874 and should not be 

included as an authority for combinations. 

h Cystoderma cinnabarinum (Alb. & Schwein.) Fayod, Fayod 1889, Prodrome, 

Ann. SC. Nat. Bot. VII 9:351 

h Agaricus granulosus cinnabarinus Secr., Secretan 1833, Mycogr. Suisse 1:60; 

nomen invalidum, Secretan names not accepted, ICBN Art. 23.6(c) Ex. 10 

h Lepiota cinnabarina (Alb. & Schwein.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze 

p. 327 [ cited as "Schwein." instead of "Alb. & Schwein." ] 

h Lepiota granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) Quél. var. cinnabarina (Alb. & Schwein.) 

Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 71 

citri 

Armillaria citri (Inzenga) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:83 

basionym: Agaricus citri Inzenga, Inzenga 1865, Funghi. Sic. I p.33 t.3 f.1 

(cited as "Agaricus (Armillaria) citri Inzenga" by Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p. 460) 

accepted name: = Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm., q.v.; fide 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:106. 

h Collybia mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Emel f. citri (Inzenga) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre 

Armillaria p.76, published as a provisional combination, invalid, ICBN Art. 

34.1(b) 

fide Singer 1951, Sydowia 5:445-475, studied type and believed it belonged to 

Armillariella mellea s.1. 

clavuligera 

Armillariella clavuligera Singer, Singer 1951, Lilloa 25:70 

accepted name: h Gerronema clavuligera (Singer) Singer, Singer 1961 (1962), 

Sydowia 15:50 

coarctatum, Tricholoma SEE australis 


43

44 

codinae 

Armillaria codinae (Maire) Locq., Locquin 1952, Bull. trimest. Soc. Mycol. 


basionym: Lepidella codinae Maire, Maire 1933, Fungi Catal. I. in Mus. Barcin. 

Scient. nat. Op. (bot.2) 15: 85 pl. I 

accepted name: h Amanita codinae (Maire) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 

22: 388; fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:352 

colossa 

Armillaria colossa (Fr.) Boudier, Boudier 1900, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 16:18 

basionym: Agaricus (Tricholoma) colossus Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p. 38, 

Monogr. p. 15 

accepted name: h Tricholoma colossum (Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Quélet 

Champ. Jura Vosques I in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:76 

h Tricholoma colossum (Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p.333, 


= Tricholoma guernisaci Crouan in Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 95, q.v.; 

fide Bigeard and Guillemin (1909) Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de France 

p. 71 

compressipes 

Armillariella compressipes (Murrill) Singer, Singer 1942, Lloydia 5: 103 

basionym: 

Singer 1942, Lloydia 5:103, cited as the basionym "Clitocybe compressipes 

Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:19." This taxon does not exist. 

However, on that page, Murrill treated Melanoleuca compressipes Murrill [ h 

Tricholoma compressipes (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1914, Mycologia 6:269 ]. 

Murrill 1916, N. Amer. Flora 9:47, accepted Clitocybe compressipes (Peck) 

Sacc. q.v.; This should be treated as a bibliographic error (ICBN Art. 33.2 

Ex.4), Singer apparently intended "Melanoleuca compressipes Murrill" as the 

basionym for his combination. 


Singer 1942, Lloydia 5: 103 description indicates affinity with A. tabescens and 

A.nigropunctata, which Singer considered exannulate species of Armillariella. 

The true disposition of this taxon is not known. 

NOT Agaricus (Clitocybe) compressipes Peck, Peck 1880, NY State Mus. Rept. 

State Botanist 33:18 [ h Clitocybe compressipes (Peck) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, 

Sylloge Fungorum 5: 184; fide Bigelow 1982 Beih. Nov. Hedw. 72: 137; h 

Clitocybula compressipes (Peck) Raithelh., Raithelhuber 1979, Metrodiana 8:29, 

h Pseudomphalina compressipes (Peck) Singer, Singer 1962, Agaricales ed 2 p. 

287] 


congregatus, Agaricus SEE ostoyae 

constricta 

Armillaria constricta (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 78 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) constrictus Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 1: 28 

accepted name: h Calocybe constricta (Fr.) Kühner in Singer, Singer 1961 

(1962), Sydowia 15:47; fide Watling et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease p. 6 

h Lyophyllum constrictum (Fr.) Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:100 

h Calocybe constricta (Fr.) Kühner ex Bon & Courtec., Bon & Courtecuisse 

1986, Documents Mycologiques 16 (62) :66, superfluous comb. 

h Armillaria constricta (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:77, 


h Tricholoma constrictum (Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p.329 

h Tricholoma constrictum (Fr.) Lange, Lange 1933, Dansk. Bot. Ark. 8 (3): 28; 

IF 5: 316, superfIuous comb. 

h Tricholomella constricta (Fr.) Zerova, Zerova 1974, Atlas Grib. Ukr. 84, and 

Zerova 1979, Vizn. Grib. Ukr. 5 (2):178 (nomen nudum, ICBN Art. 36.1; in 

both references the genus name was published without a Latin diagnosis) 

h Tricholomella constricta (Fr.) Zerova ex Kalaméés, Zerova ex Kalaméés 

1992, Persoonia 14(4) :446 

contorticystis 

Armillaria contorticystis A.H. Smith, Smith 1979, Beih. Sydowia 8:370 


Not an Armillaria, a mycorrhizal fungus. Smith described the spores as being 

"not amyloid, or very weakly so (possibly)" 

corticata 

Armillaria corticata (Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 

Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p.22 

basionym: Agaricus (Pleurotus) corticatus Fr., Fries 1815, Obs. I. p. 92 

accepted name: = Pleurotus dryinus (Pers.:Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, 

Führ. PiIz. p.135; fide Atkinson 1900, Stud. Amer. Fungi.; fide Kauffman 1918, 

Agar. p.655 

h Agaricus (Pleurotus) corticatus Fr.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I p. 179 

h Armillariella corticata (Fr.) PKarst., Karsten 1881, Hymenomycetes 

Fennicae p.4 

h Pleurotus corticatus (Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, Führ. Pilz. p.104 

h Pleurotus corticatus (Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Champ. Jura Vosques I in 

Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:111, superfluous comb. 


45

46 

crassor, Lepiota SEE bresadokae 

crouanii 

Armillaria crouanii de Guern., deGuernisac in Gillet 1874, Les Hymenomycetes 

p.80 


h Clitocybe crouani (deGuern.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.75, 

published as a provisional combination, invalid, ICBN Art. 34.1(h) 

Mycorrhizal fungus, not an Amillaria. No further information is available 

regarding this taxon. 

cubensis, Agaricus SEE alphitophylla 

cubensis, Lentinus SEE boryana 

dactyliophora 

Armillaria dactyliophora (Lév.) Beeli, Beeli 1927, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belg. 

59: 110 

basionym: Lentinus dactyliophorus Lév., Léveillé 1844, Champ. Exot. Ann. Sci. 

Nat., Bot. sév. 3, 2:174 

accepted name: = Lentinus sajor-caju (Fr.) Fr., Fries 1838, Epicrisis p. 393; 

fide Pegler 1983, World Monogr. Lentinus p. 81 

cumulatus, Agaricus SEE mellea 

darjeelingensis 

Armillariella darjeelingensis Sarwal & Locq., Sarwal and Locquin 1983, Compte 

rendus du 108e Congres national des Societes savantes, Grenoble 1983 Section 

des Sciences 1; Sciences de la terre 2:196 


According to the description, this fungus is a mycorrhizal former and does not 

belong in the genus Armillaria. Its proper placement is unknown. 


dasypepla 

Armillaria dasypepla (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:78 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) dasypeplus Berk., Berkeley 1847, Decades of 

Fungi no. 145, Land J. Bot. 6:482 

accepted name: nomen dubium, not an Armillaria; fide Chandra and Watling 

1981, Kavaka 10:81 

Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.74 spells this "Armillaria Dasypila (Berck.) 

Sacc., p.78," citing the correct page in Sylloge Fungorum. Treated as an 

orthographic error. 

dasypila 

Armillaria Dasypila (Berk.) Sacc. [as "(Berck.) Sacc." ], Saccardo 1889, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:78, as cited by Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.74. 

Emel apparently meant to cite Armillaria dasypepla (Berk) Sacc., q.v. Treated 

here as an orthographic variant of Armillaria dasypepla, as no taxon with the 

epithet dasypila exists in Sylloge Fungorum. 

deceptiva 

Armillariella deceptiva (A.H. Smith & Hesler) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 

22:216 

basionym: Hygrophorus deceptivus A.H. Smith & Hesler, Smith and Hesler 

1942, Lloydia 5:45 

accepted name: h Hygrophorus deceptivus A.H. Smith & Hesler, Smith and 

Hesler 1942, loc. cit. ; fide Hesler and Smith 1963, North American species of 

Hygrophorus p. 174 


47

48 

decorosa 

Armillaria decorosa (Peck) A.H. Smith & M.B. Walters, Smith and Walters 

1947, Mycologia 39:622 

basionym: Agaricus (Tricholoma) decorosus Peck, Peck 1873, Bull. Buff. Soc. 

Sc. Nat. 1:42 

accepted name: This species will be placed in the genus Leucopholiota by O.K. 

Miller, Volk, & Bessette in a future publication; Leucopholiota is not a validly 

published genus. 

h Floccularia decorosa (Peck) Bon & Courtec., Bon and Courtecuisse 1987, 

Documents Mycologiques 18(69):38. 

h Tricholoma decorosum (Peck) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5: 111 

h Tricholoma decorosum (Peck) Farl., Farlow 1929, Icones Farlowiae p. 19 

pl. 17, superfluous comb. 

h Cortinellus decorosus (Peck) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10: 32 

h Tricholomopsis decorosa (Peck) Singer, Singer 1943, Mycologia 35:152 

Remarks: Romagnesi 1980, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 96:145, erected the 

subgenus Leucopholiota of Armillaria ss. Fries (Armillariella P.Karst) to 

accommodate this species, which causes a wood decay and has amyloid spores. 

dehiscens 

Armillaria dehiscens (Viv.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:76 

basionym: Agaricus dehiscens Viv., Viviani 1834, Funghi d’Italia p.60 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. 

delicata 

Armillaria delicata (Fr.) Boud., Boudier 1904, Icones Mycologicae t. 1 pl. 23 

No. 574, text publ. 1911 in Icones Mycologicae 4: 12 

basionym: Agaricus (Lepiota) delicatus Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I: 20 

accepted name: h Limacella delicata (Fr.) Earle, Earle 1909, Bull. NY Bot. 

Garden 5:447 

h Lepiota delicata (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 73 

h Lepiota delicata (Fr.) Lindau and Ulbrich, Lindau and Ulbrich 1928, 

Kryptogamenflora für Anfänger 1:355, superfluous comb. 

h Armillaria delicata (Fr.) Bigeard & Guillemin, Bigcard & Guillemin 1913, 

Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de France 2: 34, superfluous comb. 


denigrata 

Armillaria denigrata (Pers.:Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 82 

basionym: Agaricus denigratus Pers., Persoon 1801, Synopsis Methodica 

Fungorum no. 16 p. 267 

accepted name: = Agrocybe erebia (Fr.) Fayod ex Konrad & Maubl., in Konrad 

and Maublanc, 1948, Les Agaricales, Encyclopédia Mycologique 14:160; fide 

Watling et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease p. 6; fide P.M. Rea 1922 Brit. 

Basidiomycetae p. 100; fide Watling et al. 1982, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 

78:272; fide Gilbert 1928, Bull. Mycol. Soc. Fr. 44:166 ( as Pholiota erebia) 

= Agrocybe erebia (Fr.) Kühner, Kühner 1953, Flora Analytique des 

Champignons Supériuers p.342.) superfluous and illegitimate combination, no 

basionym or citation as required beginning Jan 1953 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) denigratus Pers.:Fr., Fries 1821, p. 30 

h Agrocybe denigrata (Pers.:Fr.) Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:21 

h Armillaria denigrata (Pers.:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:81, superfluous comb. 

h Clitocybe denigrata (Pers.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p. 363 

densifolia 

Armillariella densifolia Singer in Singer & Digilio, Singer 1951 (1953), Lilloa 

25:72 

accepted name: h Lulesia densifolia (Singer) Singer, Singer 1970, Flora 

Neotropica 3: 16 

derodus 

Armillaria deroda (Schulzer) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.74 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) derodus Schulzer, Schulzer 1878, Myc. Beit. 

Wien; Champ de Sclavonie sp. no 67, p.112. 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. From the description it 

is likely a Pleurotus species. 


49

50 

dichupella 

Armillaria dichupella (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:83 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) dicupellus Berk., Berkeley 1850, Hook. J. Bot. 

Kew Gdn. Misc. 2:45 


fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:67, this is probably identical with 

Armillaria vara (Berk) Sacc.,q.v., which they considered a nomen dubium in the 

same publication p. 76 

fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3: 16, this is a synonym of Armillaria 

omnituens (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:84 

note spelling differences in epithet. 

dimidiata 

Armillaria dimidiata (Schaeff.) J.Schröt. in E.Cohn, Cohn 1889, Kryptogamen- 

Flora von Schliesen 3 (1):667 

basionym: Agaricus dimidiatus Schaeff., Schaeffer 1774, Fung. qui... Bavaria 

4:57 nr. 121; Schaeffer 1774 cites Schaeffer 1770, Fung. qui... Bavaria v. 3 t. 

233, but this is only a drawing of the species, without a binomial. 

accepted name: = Pleurotus dryinus (Pers.:Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, 

Führ. Pilz. p. 135; fide Bigeard and Guillemin 1909, Flore des Champignons 

Supérieurs de France p. 154; fide Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:340; fide 

Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:35; Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 1:180 under 

A.dryinus lists as a synonym "A.dimidiat. Schaeff t.233 (non bene.)" 

h Pleurotus dimidiatus (Schaeff.) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:35 

distans 

Armillaria distans (Pat.) Sacc. & Syd., Saccardo and Sydow 1899, Sylloge 


basionym: Armillariella distans Pat., Patouillard 1895, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 

11:85 


From the description, this species has a very small basidiome (0.5-1.5 cm 

diameter pileus, 3 cm long 6 mm wide stipe) and decurrent gills. In addition the 

drawing does not look like an Armillaria. No further information is available 

regarding this taxon. 


ditopa 

Armillariella ditopa Singer, Singer 1950, Schweiz. Zeits. Pilz. 28: 191 

accepted name: h Arthrosporella ditopa (Singer) Singer, Singer 1970, Flora 

Neotropica 3:17 

Singer 1962 Agaricales in Modem Taxonomy p. 257 says "with clavarioid 

conidial carpophores, otherwise much like a Clitocybe (except for clampless 

hyphae)" 

dryina 

Armillaria dryina (Pers.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 


basionym: Agaricus dryinus Pers., Persoon 1801, Synopsis Methodica Fungorum 

p. 478 nr. 427; Persoon cites Schaeffer t.233, but Schaeffer 1744 did not name 

the fungus, only numbered it 

accepted name: h Pleurotus dryinus (Pers.:Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, 

Führ. Pilz. p.135 

h Agaricus (Pleurotus) dryinus Pers.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I p. 180 

h Armillariella dryina (Pers.) P.Karst., Karsten 1881, Hymenomycetes Fennicae 

p.4 

= Armillaria dimidiata (Schaeff.) J.Schröt. in E.Cohn, Cohn 1889, 

Kryptogamen-Flora von Schliesen 3 (1):667 q.v. 

= Armillaria corticata (Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 

Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p.22 q.v. 

dulciolens, Tricholoma SEE occidentalis 

duplictia 

Armillaria duplicata (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:83 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) duplicatus Berk., Berkeley 1850, Hooker’s J. 

Bot. 2:45 

accepted name: h Armillaria duplicata (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:83; fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:68; fide Singer 

1970, Flora Neotropica 3: 16, this is a synonym of Armillaria omnituens (Berk.) 

Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:84 


51

52 

echinocephala 

Armillaria echinocephala (Vittad.) Locq., Locquin 1952, Bull. trimest. Soc. 

Mycol. France 68167. no description or indication of new sp. or comb. 

basionym: Agaricus (Amanita) echinocephalus Vittad., Vittadini 1835, Descr. 

Funghi Mang. 346 

accepted name: = Amanita solitaria (Bull.:Fr.) Mérat, Mérat 1836, Nouv. Fl. 

Envir. Paris 4e Ed. I: 121; fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:394--see Bas for other 

synonyms 

h Amanita echinocephala (Vittad.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Champ. Jura Vosques I 

in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5: 321 

h Lepidella echinocephala (Vittad.) E.J. Gilbert, Gilbert 1925, Bull. Mycol. 

Soc. France 41:1925 

h Lepiota echinocephala (Vittad.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p.69 

h Amanita solitaria (Bull.:Fr.) Mérat var. echinocephala (Vittad.) Costantin & 

Dufour, Costantin and Dufour 1891, Nouvelle Flore des Champignons ed. 1 

(Paris, France: P.Dupont) p.3 

ectypa 

Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p. 59 

basionym: Agaricus (Clitocybe) ectypus Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc 1:108 

accepted name: h Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre 

Armillaria p. 59 

h Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Lamoure, Lamoure 1965, C.R. Hebd. Séanc, Acad. 

Sci. Paris 260: 4562, superflorus comb. 

h Armillaria ectypa (Fr.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

d e - 

lska V 

Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p. 44, superfluous comb. 

h Armillariella ectypa (Fr.) Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. (Berlin) 41:20 

h Clitocybe ectypa (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 172 

h Clitocybe ectypa (Fr.) Bigeard and Guillemin, Bigeard and Guillemin 1909, 

Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de France p. 120, superfluous comb. 

h Collybia ectypa (Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1888, Flore Mycologique p. 236 

Type not available from UPS. Until definitive cultural and mating studies are 

accomplished on this bog-inhabiting exannulate species, we must consider this as 

a separate species from Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel, q.v. 


edodes 

Armillaria edodes (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:79 

basionym: Agaricus edodes Berk., Berkeley 1878, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16:50 

accepted name: h Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Pegler 1975, Kavaka 3:20; 

fide Pegler 1983, World Monogr. Lentinus p. 232; see Pegler for other 

synonyms. 

h Lentinus edodes (Rerk.) Singer, Singer 1933, Mycologia 33:451 

NOT Armillaria edodes ss. J.Schröt. non Berk. h Cortinellus edodes (J.Schröt. 

non Berk.) Henn., Hennings 1900 [ as "(Berk.) P. Henn." ] ; nomen rej. fide 

Imai 1938, J. Fan. Agr., Hokkaido Imperial University 43:57-- Hennings 

“erroneously used [shiitake’s] name for ‘matsutake’ owing to the misidentification 

by Schröter putting too much weight on the incomplete brief diagnosis of 

Berkeley without examining the type specimen.. . " 

elaeodes 

Amillariella sparrei Singer var. elaeodes Singer, Singer 1969, Beih. Nov. 

Hedw. 29:45 


No further information is available regarding this taxon, but from the description 

this taxon probably belongs in Armillaria. Whether it is contaxic with any other 

Armillaria is unknown. 

elegans 

Armillaria elegans Beeli, Beeli 1927, Bull. Soc. R. Belgique 59:111 

accepted name: h Cystoderma elegans (Beeli) Thoen, Thoen 1969, Bull. Jard. 

Bot. Belg. 39:188; fide Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:383; 

fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:69, this is a Cystoderma sp. 

NOT Clitocybe (Armillariella) elegans R.Heim, Heim 1963, Revue de Mycologie 

28(2):94, q.v. 


53

54 

elegans 

Armillariella elegans (R.Heim) J.B.Taylor, Hawkins & McLaren, Taylor et al. 

1974, Orchard New Zealand 47 (2):56, invalid combination, (ICBN Art. 33.2, 

no basionym cited) 

basionym: Clitocybe (Armillariella) elegans R.Heim, Heim 1963, Revue de 

Mycologie 28(2):94 

accepted name: h Armillaria heimii Pegler, Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 

6:92; nomen novum for this species since Armillaria elegans Beeli 1927 q.v. has 

nomenclatural priority. 

= Armillaria fuscipes Petch, q.v.; fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 

10:69; fide Kile and Watling 1988, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 91: 311; fide 

Watling et al., 1992, Armillaria Root Disease p.5, but fide Kile et al. 1994, 

IUFRO 8:419 these are separate species; We are maintaining Armillaria heimii 

Pegler as a separate species until cultural and mating studies can be done with 

Armillaria fuscipes Petch. 

epigoea 

Armillaria epigoea Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les. Hym. p. 75 

accepted name: = Oudemansiella laqueata (Fr.) C.L. Alessio, Alessio 1985, 

Micol. Ital. 14(1):19; fide Bigeard and Guillemin 1909, Flore des Champignons 

Supérieurs de France p. 73. 

erebia, Agrocybe SEE denigrata 

eurhiza 

Armillaria eurrhiza (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:85 (as A. 

eurhiza) 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) eurrhizus Berk., Berkeley 1847, Land. J. Bot. 

6:483 

accepted name: h Termitomyces eurrhizus (Berk.) R.Heim, Heim 1942, Arch. 

Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. VI, 18:140; fide Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:290; 

fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:80; see Pegler 1977, loc. cit. for list 

of other synonyms. 


evanescens 

Armillaria evanescens (Lovejoy) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:37 

basionym: Catathelasma evanescens Lovejoy, Lovejoy 1910, Bot. Gazette 

50:384 

accepted name: h Catathelasma evanescens Lovejoy, Lovejoy 1910, loc. cit. 

= Catathelasma macrospora (Peck) Singer, Singer 1940, Rev. Mycol. 5:9; fide 

Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 61 [as "Armillaria macrospora" ] ; 

however, we prefer to maintain these as separate species for the time being, until 

type specimens can be examined together. 

exannulata 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. exannulata Peck, Peck 1893, no 

indication of new var. or comb. NY State Mus. Rept. State Botanist 46:134 

accepted name: = Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel q.v.; fide Singer 1970, 

Flora Neotropica 3:13; fide Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - de - lska V Brné 

Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p. 32"probably identical to Armillaria 

socialis" 

exannulata 

Armillaria mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Quél. var. exannulata Cleland & Cheel, Cleland 

and Cheel 1919, Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. S. Australia 43:266 


probably belongs in the genus Oudemansiella, with O. mucida, q.v. 

favacea 

Armillaria mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Quél. var. favacea Rick, Rick 1937, Lilloa 

1:316; see Rick 1961 


Akad. Wiss. Wien 118:276; fide Singer 1953, Lilloa 26:67, Rick’s variety is 

a polyporoid-favoloid form of this species; fide Singer 1945, Mycologia 37:436 

fellea 

Armillaria fellea (Hongo) Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1983, Trans. Brit. 

Mycol. Soc. 81 (1): 131 

basionym: Armillariella fellea Hongo, Hongo 1976, Rept. Tottori Mycol. Inst. 

14:97 

accepted name: h Armillaria fellea (Hongo) Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 

1983, loc. cit. 


55

56 

fici 

Armillaria fici (Bernard) Bigeard & Guillemin, Bigeard and Guillemin 1913, 

Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de France 2: 32 

basionym: Omphalia fici Bernard, Bernard 1882, Champignons de LaRochelle, 

original not seen. 


From the description this appears to be a Pleurotus species. 

flava 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. flava Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. 

p. 84 

accepted name: nomen dubium; No further information is available regarding 

this taxon. There is no available type specimen and the description is too vague 

to be certain of which taxon is represented. 

floridana 

Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Saw. var. floridana Murrill, Murrill 1945, J. Fl. 

Acad. Sci. 8(2):176 


We examined the type specimen, along with Murrill’s associated notes and 

Murrill’s correspondence with A.H. Smith, which reveals that this taxon is 

mycorrhizal and not an Armillaria species. Both researchers considered this a 

smaller-spored southern variety of Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Ricken, q.v. [as 

"Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Saw. "] 

floridana 

Armillaria floridana Murrill, Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35:422 

accepted name: h Limacella floridana (Murrill) H.V. Smith, H.V. Smith 1944 

(1945), Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 30: 134 

NOT Tricholoma floridanum (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1944 (1945), Lloydia 

7:327 [= Melanoleuca floridana Murrill, loc. cit. p.306, alternative name in same 

publication] 

NOT Lentodium floridanum Murrill, Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35: 426 [ h 

Lentinus floridanus (Murrill) Murrill, alternative name in same publication], 

Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35: 426; = Ripartitella brasiliensis (Speg.) Singer, 

Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:452]; fide Pegler 1983, World Monogr. Lentinus 

p.235 

Note that Murrill used the epithet floridana in many other genera. 


focalis 

Armillaria focalis (Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 

Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p. 18 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) focalis Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p. 20; Hym. 

Eur. p.40 (based on Sphaerocephalus rufus Battara, Battara 1755, t. 8 F, but 

Battara names are not accepted. ICBN Art.23.6(c) Ex. 10) 

accepted name: h Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p. 332 

= Armillaria zelleri Stuntz & A.H. Smith, Smith 1949, Mush. in their Natural 

Habitats p. 351; fide Clark Ovrebo (Pers. Comm) and Ovrebo 1980, A 

taxonomic study of the genus Tricholoma (Agaricales) in the Great Lakes region, 

Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, p. 177. see discussion under zelleri. 

= Tricholoma arenicola (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1912, Mycologia 4:223 

[= Melanoleuca arenicola Murrill, Murrill 1912, Mycologia 4:214, alternative 

name in same publication ]; fide Ovrebo, 1980, Ph.D. thesis Univ. of Toronto, 

p. 177; NOT Armillaria arenicola Murrill, Murrill 1912, Mycologia 4:212, q.v. 

= Armillaria rufa Quél., Quélet 1881, Jura Suppl. 10, in C.R. Ass. Fr. Av. Sci. 

9:661; fide Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p. 332; fide Lindau and Ulbrich 1928, 

Kryptogamenflora für Anfänger p. 351; fide Riva 1988, Fungi Europaei: 

Tricholoma p. 403. 

fomosana 

Armillaria matsutake S.Ito & S.Imai var. formosana Sawada, Sawada 1931, 

Descript. Cat. Formosa Fungi V in Dept Agricult. Gor. Res. Inst. Formosa 

Rept. nr. 51 p. 90 [ as "A.matsudake" ] 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. If it is a true variety of 

Tricholoma matsutake, q.v., it belongs in the genus Tricholoma. 


57

58 

fracida 

Armillaria fracida (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 77 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) fracidus Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p. 25; [based 

on Chamaemyces odoratus Battara, Battara 1755, t.7 E, but Battara names not 

accepted, see ICBN art.23.6(c) Ex. 10; fide Donk 1962 Beih. Nova Hedwigia 

5:48, Fries 1838, loc. cit., cited this species as the basis for his species, but 

never saw the species himself; fide Donk 1962 loc. cit. this is a nomen novum 

for Agaricus mucidus sensu Secr.] 

accepted name: h Chaemaemyces fracidus (Fr.) Donk, Donk 1962, Beih. Nova 

Hedw. 5:48 

h Collybia mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Ricken f. fracida (Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le 

genre Armillaria p.76, published as a provisional combination, invalid, ICBN 

Art. 34.1(b) 

h Armillaria fracida (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:54, 


= Lepiota irrorata Quél., Quélet 1882, C.r. Ass. Franc. Av. Sci. 11:387, q.v.; 

fide Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti; fide Donk 1962 Beih. Nova 

Hedwigia 5:48 

fracticia 

Armillaria fracticia (Britzelm.) Sacc., Saccardo 1895, Sylloge Fungorum 21:22 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) fracticus Britzelm., Britzelmayr 1893; Hym. 

Südbayrn tab 111 fig. 568 

accepted name: = Tricholoma subannulatum (Batsch) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p.333; fide Gulden 1992, Nordic Macromycetes 2: 186.; fide Kreisel 

1984, Feddes. Repert. 95 (9-10): 700; fide Stangl and Bresinsky, 1967, Zeits. 

Pilz. 33:33; see discussion under subannulatum. 

h Tricholoma fracticum (Britzelm.) H. Kreisel, Kreisel 1984, Feddes. Repert. 

95 (9-10): 700 

= Tricholoma batschii Gulden, Gulden 1969, Musseronflora Slekten. Tricholoma 

(Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer sensu lato (Agaricales) Oslo-Bergen-Tromse; see discussion 

under subannulatum 

NOT Tricholoma subannulatum (Murrill) Keller, Keller 1922, Mycologia 19: 

187; see discussion under subannulatum. 


fulgens 

Armillaria fulgens (Cooke & Massee) Sacc., Saccardo 1891, Sylloge Fungorum 

9:12 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) fulgens Cooke & Massee, Cooke & Massee 

1889, Grev. 18:2 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. Described from 

Australia, but Kile and Watling 1983, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 81:129-140, do 

not treat this species. 

fumosa 

Armillaria fumosa Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1983, Trans. Brit. Mycol. 

Soc. 81 (1): 129 

accepted name: h Armillaria fumosa Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1983, 

loc. cit. 

furnacea, Limacella SEE irreperta, megalopus, and scruposa 

fusca 

Armillaria fusca Mitchel & A.H. Smith, Mitchel and Smith 1976, Mycotaxon 4 

(2): 527 

accepted name: h Flocculuria fusca (Mitchel & A.H. Smith) Bon, Bon 1990, 

Documents Mycologiques 20 (79): 57 

fuscipes 

Armillaria fuscipes Petch, Petch 1909, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gdn. Peradeniya 4:299 

accepted name: h Armillaria fuscipes Petch, Petch 1909, loc. cit. 

= Armillaria heimii Pegler, Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6: 92; fide 

Watling et al., 1992, Armillaria Root Disease p.5, but see comments under 

A.heimii 

h Armillariella fuscipes (Petch) Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:20 

fide R. Watling (Pers. Comm.) A.fuscipes is possibly the same as Armillaria 

mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. camerunsis Henn., Hennings 1895, Fungi 

camerun. I in Engl. Jahrb. 22: 107, but we prefer to maintain them as separate 

species until cultural and mating studies can be done. See additional discussion 

under camerunensis. 

fuscopallidus, Agaricus SEE mellea 


59

60 

gallica 

Armillaria gallica Marxmüller & Romagn., Marxmüller and Romagnesi 1987, 

Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 103:152 

accepted name: h Armillaria gallica Marxmüller & Romagn., Marxmüller and 

Romagnesi 1987, loc. cit. ; fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:272, Armillaria 

gallica Marxmüller & Romagn. is the only name that can unequivocally be 

assigned to European Biological Species E and NABS VII. See Marxmüller 1992, 

Mycotaxon 44:270-272 for an extensive discussion of this problem. 

= Armillaria bulbosa sensu Romagnesi; fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 

44:270, this name has been misapplied, and the species described and collected 

by Romagnesi is identical to Armillaria gallica Marxmüller & Romagn., 

Marxmüller & Romagnesi 1987, loc. cit. 

= Agaricus melleus Vahl sensu Bolton 1791, History Fung. Halifax plate 141; 

fide Watling et al. 1982 Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 78:271-285, this is a nonyellow 

form of A.gallica [ as "A.bulbosa sensu Romagnesi" q.v.] 

Korhonen Species E (EBS E), North American Biological Species VII 

Armillaria lutea Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 83, is a name adopted for EBS 

E and NABS VII by Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30: 108; fide 

Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:270, it is unclear which Armillaria species is 

represented by Gillet’s description and Armillaria lutea should be considered a 

nomen ambiguum. See also discussion under lutea. 

gemina 

Armillaria gemina Bérubé & Dessur., Bérubé & Dessurealt 1989, Mycologia 

81(2):217 

accepted name: h Armillaria gemina Bérubé & Dessur., Bérubé & Dessurealt 

1989, loc. cit. 

North American Biological Species II 

gibba, Clitocybe SEE australis 

gigantea 

Armillaria gigantea Yasuda, Yasuda 1918, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 32:204 in Japanese; 

redescribed in Yasuda 1922, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 36:90 

acsepted name: = Catathelasma ventricosa (Peck) Singer, Singer 1940, Rev. 

Mycologic 5:9; fide Imai 1938, Jour. Fac. Agric. Hokkaido Univ 43:53 


gigantea 

Armillariella mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Karst. f. gigantea Wichanský, Wichanský 

1963, C.C.H. mykol. Sborn. 40:71 



gilvidula 

Armillaria gilvidula Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p. 25. 


h Tricholoma gilvidulum (Emel) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.75, 


From the description, this does not appear to be an Armillaria because of its 

spherical spores and half-free lamellae. Emel placed it in the group of Armillaria 

species now in Tricholoma, i.e. with T. robustum, T. caligatum, etc. at the end 

of the same work in which he described the species as new. No further 

information is available regarding this taxon. 

glabra 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. glabra Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. 

p. 84 

accepted name: nomen dubium. There is no available type specimen and the 

description is too vague to be certain of which taxon is represented. Herink 1973, 

Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p. 32, 

indicates that Gillet’s description probably represents one or more of the other 

taxa in which scales, fibrils etc. have been washed off by rain. 

glaucescens 

Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Sacc. var. glaucescens A.H. Smith, Smith 1979, Beih. 

Sydowia 8:372 


A mycorrhizal former, unlike Armillaria species, not a wood rotter. If this is a 

true variety of Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Ricken, q.v., it belongs in the genus 

Tricholoma 


61

62 

glioderma 

Armillaria glioderma (Fr.) Quél., Quél. 1875, Quél. Champ. Jura Vosques I in 


basionym: Agaricus (Lepiota) gliodermus Fr., Fries 1852, Fr. Vet. Ac. 

Förhandl. p. ?? (blank in Monogr.!); Original not seen, cited in Fries 1857, 

Monogr. I p. 15 not orig descr. 

accepted name: h Limacella glioderma (Fr.) Maire, R. Maire 1924, Bull. Soc. 

Mycol. France 40 (4): 294. 

fide H.V. Smith 1944 (1945), Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 30:143, the combination is 

Limacella glioderma (Fr.) Earle, Earle 1909, Bull. NY Bot. Garden 5447; but 

Earle did not make this combination. 

h Armillaria glioderma (Fr.) Lange, Lange 1935, Flora Agaricina Danica I:41, 


h Lepiota glioderma (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 73 

h Lepiota glioderma (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:70, 


= Armillaria graveolens Murrill, Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35:422; fide H.V. 

Smith 1944 (1945), Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 30:143; see this reference for other 

synonyms. 

goliath 

Armillaria goliath (Fr.) S.Lundell & Nannf., Lundell and Nannfeldt 1949, Fungi 

Exsiccati Suec. nr. 1706 

basionym: Agaricus (Tricholoma) focalis Fr. var. goliath Fr., Fries 1854, Mon. 

Armill. Suec. p.4 

accepted name: = Tricholoma nauseosum (A.Blytt) Kytöv., Kytövuori 1988 

(1989), Karstenia 28(2):69; fide Kytövuori 1988 (1989) loc. cit. 

h Armillaria focalis (Fr.) P.Karst. var. goliath (Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, 

Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p. 19 

h Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken var. goliath (Fr.) Bon, Bon 1976, Documents 

Mycologique 6:273 

= Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken var. pseudocaligatum Bon, Bon 1984, 

Encyclopédia Mycologique 36: 274; fide Kytövuori 1988 (1989), Karstenia 

28(2):69 

gracilor, Amanita SEE beillii 


granosa 

Armillaria granosa (Morgan) Kauffman, Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 

2:60 

basionym: Agaricus granosus Morgan, Morgan 1883, J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 

Hist. 6:63 

accepted name: h Cystoderma granosum (Morgan) A.H. Smith & Singer, 

Smith and Singer 1944 (1945), Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 30: 118 

h Lepiota granosa (Morgan) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:48 

granulosa 

Armillaria granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) Kauffman, Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. 

Sci. 2:60 

basionym: Agaricus granulosus Batsch, Batsch 1783, Elenchus Fungorum p.79 

accepted name: h Cystoderma granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) Fayod, Fayod 1889, 

Prodrome, Amt. SC. Nat. Bot. VII 9:351 

h Agaricus granulosus Batsch:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 1:24 

h Lepiota granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Champ. Jura Vosques I in 


h Lepiota granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) McIlvaine & Macadam, McIlvaine and 

Macadam 1900, One-thousand American fungi p.49, superfluous comb. 

h Lepiota granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p. 327, 


NOT Armillaria granulosa Velen., Velenovský 1947, Novitates Mycol. 4: 57, 

q.v. 

granulosa 

Armillaria granulosa Velen., Velenovský 1947, Novitates Mycol. 4: 57; 

illegitimate ICBN Art. 64.1, later homonym of Armillaria granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) 

Kauffman q.v. 

accepted name: = Cystoderma terreii (Berk. & Broome) Harmaja, Harmaja 

1978, Karstenia 18:29-30 [= Cystoderma cinnabarinum (Alb. & Schwein.) 

Fayod, q.v.]; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:107; fide 

Antonín 1990, Acta Mus Moraviae Sci. Nat. 75:130 

NOT Armillaria granulosa (Batsch:Fr.) Kauffman, Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. 

Acad. Sci. 2:60, q.v. 


63

64 

granulosoides 

Armillaria granulosoides Zeller, Zeller 1933, Mycologia 25:377 

accepted name: probably a Cystoderma (see below) 

h Lepiota granulosoides (Zeller) Zeller, Zeller 1933, Mycologia 25:377 

Zeller 1933, loc. cit., says "with close affinities to A.granulosa Fr. ", so this 

species probably belongs in the genus Cystoderma with that species. 

graveolens 

Armillaria graveolens Murrill, Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35:422 

accepted name: = Limacella glioderma (Fr.) Maire, Maire 1924, Bull. Soc. 

Mycol. France 40 (4): 294; fide H.V. Smith 1944 (1945), Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 

30:143 

griseofusca 

Armillaria griseofusca (DC:Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les. Hym. p.82 

basionym: Agaricus griseofuscus DC, deCandolle 1815, Flore Francais 6:52 

accepted name: nomen dubium fide Watling et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease 

p. 6; = Armillaria mori (Paulet:Fr.) Sacc. q.v.; fide Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola 

Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p. 42 

h Agaricus griseofuscus DC:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Mycol. I p. 29 

h Armillaria griseofusca (DC:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 


h Armillaria griseofusca (DC:Fr.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola 

Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p. 42, superfluous 

comb. 

griseomellea 

Armillaria griseomellea (Singer) Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1983, Trans. 

Brit. Mycol. Soc. 81 (1):131 

basionym: Armillariella griseomellea Singer, Singer 1969, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 

29:40 

accepted name: h Armillaria griseomellea (Singer) Kile & Watling, Kile and 

Watling 1983, loc. cit. 


guernisaci 

Armillaria guernisaci (Crouan in Gillet) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Amillaria 

p.35 

basionym: Tricholoma guernisaci Crouan in Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 95 


Probably belongs in the genus Tricholoma; fide Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria 

p.35 this species is closely related to Tricholoma colossum, q.v.; fide Bigeard and 

Guillemin (1909) Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de France p. 71, this 

species is identical to Tricholoma colossum (Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Quélet 

Champ. Jura Vosques I in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:76 [as "Armillaria 

colossa (Fr.) Boud.," q.v.] 

guttata 

Armillaria causetta (Barla) Emel var. guttata (Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre 

Armillaria p.27. 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) guttatus Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I p. 27 

accepted name: = Limacella lenticularis (Lasch) Maire, Maire 1924, Bull. Soc. 

Mycol. France 40: 294; fide H.V. Smith 1944 (1945), Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 

30: 140, this combination is indicated as "Limacella lenticularis (Lasch) Earle," 

Earle 1909, Bull. NY Bot. Garden 5:447, but Earle did not make this 

combination. 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) guttatus Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I p. 27 

h Limacella guttata (Fr.) Konrad & Maubl., Konrad and Maublanc 1924, Icones 

Selectae fungorum I pl. 9. See also the epithet causetta above. 

h Lepiota guttata (Pem.:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1876 (1877), Bull. Soc. Mycol. 

France 23:325 

gymnopodia 

Armillaria gymnopodia (Bull.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.52 

basionym: Agaricus gymnopodius Bull., Bulliard 1809, t. 601 f. I 

accepted name: = Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre 

Armillaria p.50; fide Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.52; fide Bresadola 1900, 

Fungi Tridentini II fast. 14 p. 251. 

h Clitocybe gymnopodia (Bull.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les. Hym. p. 162 


65

66 

haematites 

Armillaria haematites (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:77 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) haematites Berk. & Broome, Berkeley & 

Broome 1878, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 5, 1:18 

accepted name: h Cystoderma haematites (Berk. & Broome) Kühner & Maire, 

Kühner & Maire 1924, Icones selectae fungorum v. 3 pl. 237; fide Wasser 1979, 

Fungorum rariorum icones coloratae 10; fide Walter J. Sundberg, SIU, Pers. 

Comm. 

h Lepiota haematites (Berk. & Broome) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze 

p. 328 ; Ricken cites this as "Berk.--Bres.", but Bresadola left this species in 

Armillaria (Bresadola 1892, Fungi Tridentini 2: tab. 107) 

h Lepiota haematites (Berk. & Broome) Pearson & Dennis, Pearson and Dennis 

1948, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 31:149, superthtous comb. 

fide Kauffman 1924, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 4:317, this is Armillaria haematites 

(Berk.) Bres., but Saccardo’s (1887) combination was earlier than Bresadola’s 

(1892) 

hapalosclerus, Pleurotus SEE apalosclerus 

heimii 

Armillaria heimii Pegler, Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 6:92 

accepted name: = Armillaria heimii Pegler, Pegler 1977, loc. cit.; fide Kile et 

al. 1994, IUFRO 8:419 

h nomen novum for Clitocybe elegans R.Heim, Heim 1963, Rev. Mycol. 28:94 

q.v., since Armillaria elegans Beeli 1927, q.v., has nomenclatural priority. 

= Armillaria fuscipes Petch, Petch 1909, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gdn. Peradeniya 

4:299; fide Kile and Watling 1988, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 91: 311; fide 

Watling et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease p. 5; however, we maintain these 

as separate species until cultural and mating studies can be done with the two 

species. see also Kile et al. 1994, IUFRO 8:419 

hinnulea 

Armillaria hinnulea Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1983, Trans. Brit. Mycol. 

Soc. 81 (1): 131 

accepted name: h Armillaria hinnulea Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1983, 

loc. cit. 


horrens 

Armillaria horrens (Berk.) Sacc, Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:82 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) horrens Berk., Berkeley 1850, Hook. J. Bot. 

Kew Gdn. Misc. 2:44 

accepted name: nomen rej. fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:70, 

single specimen too badly preserved 

hymenocephala 

Armillariella hymenocephala (A.H. Smith & Hesler) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), 

Lilloa 22:217 

basionym: Hygrophorus hymenocephalus A.H. Smith & Hesler, Smith and 

Hesler 1940, J. Elisha. Mitch. Soc. 56:311 

accepted name: h Hygrophorus hymenocephalus A.H. Smith & Hesler., Smith 

and Hesler 1940, J. Elisha. Mitch. Soc. 56:311; fide Hesler and Smith 1963, 

North American Species of Hygrophorus p. 103 

h Camarophyllus hymenocephalus (A.H. Smith & Hesler) M.Lange, Lange 

1950, Friesia 4: l-2 

h Hygrotrama hymenocephalum (A.H. Smith & Hesler) Singer, Singer 1959, 

Sydowia 12:222 


67

68 

imperialis 

Armillaria imperialis (Fr. in Lund) Quél., Quélet 1872, Quél. Champ. Jura 


basionym: Agaricus imperialis Fr. in Lund, Lund 1846, Conspectus Hymen. 

Holmiam p. 5 

accepted name: h Catathelasma imperialis (Fr.) Singer, Singer 1940, Rev. 

Mycol. 5:10 

h Biannularia imperialis (Fr. in Lund) G. Beck, Beck 1922, Pilz- und 

Kräuterfreund 5:231 

h Armillaria imperialis (Fr. in Lund) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, superfluous comb. 

h Clitocybe imperialis (Fr. in Lund) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze 

p.361 

h Armillariella imperialis (Fr. in Lund) P.Karst., Karsten 1893, Kritisk 

Öfversigt af Finlands Basidsvampar Tillägg II, 2virg p.4 

h Armillaria imperialis (Fr. in Lund) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Hattsv. I p.20, 


h Mastoleucomyces imperialis (Fr. in Lund) O. Kuntze, Kuntze 1891, Rev. 

Gen. 2:861 

= Armillaria nobilis Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:38; fide 

Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 2:59 

imperialis 

Armillaria imperialis Peck, cited in Hay 1907, Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New 

Brunswick 5:115 as "A.imperialis (?) Peck" ; no ind. of new sp. or comb; 

basionym: 

accepted name: nomen dubium. Taxon does not exist-- Peck never proposed this 

species, fide Partha Bannerjee (NY State Museum, pers. comm.) 

impolitus, Agaricus SEE rhacophora 

inflata 

Armillaria inflata Velen., Velenovský 1920, C ∨ 


accepted name: nomen ambiguum fide Marxmüller 1992 Mycotaxon 44:271; 

nomen ambiguum fide Antonín 1990, Acta Mus Moraviae Sci. Nat. 75:130 


inodora 

Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Gillet var. inodora A.H. Smith, Smith 1934, Pap. 



mycorrhizal, not an Armillaria; If this is a true variety of the species, it belongs 

in the genus Tricholoma. 

irreperta 

Armillaria irreperta Bernard, Bernard 1919, Annales Soc. Hist. Nat. La 

Rochelle, 1919, suppl. 

accepted name: = Limacella furnacea (Letell.) E.J. Gilbert, La Spore Champ. 

p, 96; fide Gilbert 1928, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 44:165 

irrorata 

Armillaria irrorata (Quél.) Lange, Lange 1935, Flora Agaricina Danica I:41 

basionym: Lepiota irrorata Quél., Quélet 1882, C.r. Ass. Franc. Av. Sci. 

11:387 

accepted name: = Chaemaemyces fracidus (Fr.) Donk, Donk 1962, Beih. Nova 

Hedw. 5: 48; fide Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti p. 239; fide Singer 

1986, Agaricales p. 502. 

h Drosella irrorata (Quél.) Kühner & Maire, Kühner & Maire 1934, Bull 

trimest. Soc. Mycol. France 50:15 

h Lepiotella irrorata (Quél.) Singer [ as "(Fr.) Gilb." ], Singer 1936, Ann. 

Mycol. Berlin 34:338. 

japonica 

Armillaria japonica (Kawam.) S.Imai, Imai 1938, Jour. Fac. Agric Hokkaido 

Univ XLIII p. 52 

basionym: Pleurotus japonicus Kawam., Kawamura 1915, Jour. Sci. Coll. 

Tokyo Imp. Univ. Vol. 35 (3):2 

accepted name: h Lampteromyces japonicus (Kawam.) Singer, Singer 1947, 

Mycologia 39: 79. 


69

70 

jasonis 

Armillaria jasonis (Cooke & Massee) Sacc., Saccardo 1891, Sylloge Fungorum 

9: 12 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) jasonis Cooke & Massee, Cooke & Massee 

1887, Grev. 16:77 

accepted name: h Cystoderma jasonis (Cooke & Massee) Harmaja, Harmaja 

1978, Karstenia 18(l): 29 

= Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop.:Fr.) Fayod var. longisporum Kühner ex 

Kühner; fide Harmaja 1978, Harmaja 1978, Bull. Soc. Linn. Lyon 38:185 

javanica 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. javanica Henn., Hennings 1899, 

Monsunia I:20 


According to Hennings’ description this is a small form of A.mellea s.1. No 

further information is available regarding this taxon. 

jezoensis 

Armillaria jezoensis Cha & Igarashi, in Cha, Sung and Igarashi 1994, 

Mycoscience 35: 42 

accepted name: h Armillaria jezoensis Cha & Igarashi, in Cha, Sung and 

Igarashi 1994, loc. cit. 

kuraiana 

Armillaria kuraiana Pilát, Pilát 1933 (1934), Bull. trimest Soc. Mycol. France 

49:279 


Pilát 1933, lot. cit. says related to "Armillaria robusta", but lamellae serrated 

like a Lentinus, type specimen sterile. 

Description indicates affinities with Tricholoma or Lentinus, not an Armillaria. 


laqueata 

Armillaria laqueata (Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 


basionym: h Agaricus (Armillaria) laqueatus Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p.24 

[ based on Leucomyces pileolodeorsum luxuriante Battara, Battara 1755 t. 10 C, 

but Battara names are not accepted. ICBN Art.23.6(c) Ex. 10] 

accepted name: h Oudemansiella laqueata (Fr.) Alessio, Alessio 1985, Micol. 

Ital. 14(1):19; fide IF 5:443, unaccepted basionym cited, but treated as 

bibliographic error, ICBN Art. 33.2 

h Collybia laqueata Fr. ex Quél., Quélet 1886, Enchiridion 1886: 27, not seen: 

as cited in Alessio loc. cit. 

h Collybia laqueata (Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1915, Die Blätterpilze p.401, 


h Armillaria laqueata (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:85, 


laricina 

Armillaria laricina (Bolton:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:81 

basionym: Agaricus luricinus Bolton, Bolton 1788, History Fung. Halifax t.19 

accepted name: nomen ambiguum fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, 

Mycotaxon 30: 108. They say the plate looks like abnormal, misshapen 

basidiocarps, and it is unclear which taxon is represented; fide Emel 1921, Le 

genre Armillaria p. 47, Bolton’s plate represents a monstrosity of Armillaria 

mellea s.1. 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) laricinus Bolton:Fr., Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p. 44 

h Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. laricina (Bolton) Barla, Barla 

1887, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 2:143 

h Armillaria mellea (VahhFr.) P.Kumm. var. luricina (Bolton) W.G. Smith, 

Smith 1908, Synopsis British Basidiomycetes p. 30, superfluous comb. 

h Collybia mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Emel f. laricina (Bolton:Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le 


Art. 34.1(b) 


71

72 

laschi 

Amillaria laschi (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 82 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) laschii Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p. 22 

accepted name: h Clitocybe laschii (Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze 

p.362 ; fide Fries 1838, loc. cit., this species has "affinities to Agaricus nebularis 

and A. geotropus," both of which are now considered members of the genus 

Clitocybe. C.laschii was not treated by Bigelow (1982, 1985). 

h Armillaria laschi (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:79, 


Note spelling change in number of i’s 

Fries 1838, Epicr p. 22 apparently described this species from material sent to 

him by Lasch. 

lenticularis, Limacella SEE guttatus 

lepideus, Neolentinus (or Lentinus) SEE rhagadiosa 

lepiota 

Armillaria lepiota (Alb. & Schwein.) J.Schröt. in E.Cohn, Cohn 1889, 

Kryptogamen-Flora von Schliesen 3 (1):667 

basionym: Agaricus (Pleurotus) lepiota Alb. & Schwein., Albertini and 

Schweinitz 1805, Conspectns Fungorum p. 229 


= Agaricus Pleurotus L.; fide J.Schröt. in E.Cohn 1889, loc. cit. 

= Pleurotus albertinii (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:340; fide 

Saccardo 1887, loc. cit.; fide J.Schröt. in Cohn 1889, loc. cit. (as Agaricus 

albertinii Fr.) 


limonea 

Armillaria limonea (G.Stev.) Boesew., Boesewinkel 1977, N.Z. J. agric. Res. 20 

(4): 585 

basionym: Armillariella limonea G.Siev., Stevenson 1964, Kew Bull. 19(1):13 

accepted name: h Armillaria limonea (G.Stev.) Boesew., Boesewinkel 1977, 

loc. cit. 

longisporium, Cystoderma amianthinum var. SEE amianthinum, jasonis 


lutea 

Armillaria lutea Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 83 

accepted name: nomen ambiguum fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:272, 

there is no type specimen and the taxon described could represent a number of 

Armillaria species; In addition, Bigeard and Guillemin 1909, Flore des 

Champignons Supérieurs de France p. 72 considered Armillaria lutea Gillet a 

synonym of Armillaria luteovirens, q.v.. Since they probably were acquainted 

with the tradition of Gillet’s name, this provides further reason for considering 

this a nomen ambiguum. 

h Armillariella mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Karst. var. lutea (Gillet) Konrad & Maubl., 

Konrad and Maublanc 1933, Icones Selectae Fungorum pl. 279; Konrad and 

Maublanc 1933, loc. cit., cite both Agaricus annularius luteus Secr. (Secretan 

1833, Mycogr. Suisse 1:50) and Armillaria lutea Gillet (mis-cited as Gillet 1878, 

Champ. Fr. p. 88) as synonyms. In any case, the fungus pictured by Konrad and 

Maublanc, loc. cit. appears to match very well with Armillaria mellea sensu 

stricto. 

NOT Agaricus annularius luteus Secr., Secretan 1833, Mycogr. Suisse 1:50; 

Gillet 1874, loc. cit., did not mention Secretan’s species, but later (1884, loc. 

cit.) cited Secretan as the authority for the epithet lutea. see below. 

NOT Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. lutea (Secr.) Gillet, Gillet 

1884, Tableaux Anal. des Hym. p. 13; note that Gillet did not consider Armillaria 

lutea as a separate species in this publication; in Gillet’s key this variety has a 

yellow veil while the typical form has a white veil. 

Curiously, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria, did not mention Armillaria lutea 

Gillet, although he cited, described, and accepted most of Gillet’s other species in 

Armillaria. 

luteobubalina 

Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kile, in Podger, Kile, Watling and Fryer 

1978, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 71 (1): 79 

accepted name: h Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kile, in Podger, Kile, 

Watling and Fryer 1978, loc. cit. 


73

74 

luteovirens 

Armillaria luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:75 

basionym: Agaricus (Gymnopodes) luteovirens Alb. & Schwein., Albertini and 

Schweinitz 1805, Conspectus Fungorum p. 168 (as luteo-virens) 

accepted name: h Floccularia luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Pouzar, 

Pouzar 1957, C - 

eská Mykol. 11: 49; fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:567 

h Agaricus (Tricholoma) luteovirens Alb. & Schwein.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. 

Mycol. I: 41 

= Agaricus stramineus Krombh., Krombholz 1836, Naturget. Abb. Schwämme 

Taf. 25, Bild 8-14, p. 12-13; fide Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:75 

h Gyrophila luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1887, C.R. Ass. 

Fr. Av. Sci. 15(2):484 

h Amanita luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Moser in Gams, Gams 1955, Kl. 

Kryptogfl. IIb 2. Aufl., 128 (not validly published), fide Bar 1969, Persoonia 

5:567 

h Cortinellus luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, 

Finlands och den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p. 26 

= Armillaria lutea Gillet, sensu Bigeard and Guillemin 1909, Flore des 

Champignons Supérieurs de France p. 72. see discussion under lutea 

h Tricholoma luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p.330 (later homonym of Tricholoma luteovirens Gillet, Gillet 1874, 

Les Hym. p. 110, q.v.) 

NOT Tricholoma luteovirens Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hymen. p. 110 

Remarks: This species is commonly cited as "Armillaria luteovirens (Alb. & 

Schwein.:Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874" (e.g. Singer 1962, Agaricales p. 304; 

Chandra 1989, Elsevier’s Dictionary of Edible Mushrooms p. 16) but this 

combination was never made by Gillet; he described Tricholoma luteovirens 

Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 110, with no reference to Fries’s species, 

although other Friesian species are indicated on that page. 

lutinicola 

Armillaria lutinicola (Lasch) Sacc. & Trotter, Saccardo and Trotter 1912, Sylloge 

Fungorum 21: 864 

basionym: Agaricus lutinicolus Lasch, Lasch 1853, Kl. Herb. Viv. Myc. nr. 

1707, Flora 1855, p.200. Klotzsch 1853-4-5 TL-2:570 


Saccardo and Trotter 1912, loc. cit. cite this in their Appendix as "? Armillaria 

lutinicola Lasch" --No further information is available regarding this taxon. 


macrorhiza 

Armillaria macrorhiza (Sacc.) Jacobasch, Jacobasch 1896, Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. 

Brand. 38:LXI 

basionym: Tricholoma macrorhizum Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:105, treated as nomen novum; based on Agaricus macrorhizus Lasch, see 

below; see discussion in Bon 1985, Documents Mycologique 15:42. 

accepted name: h Porpoloma macrorhizum (Sacc.) Bon, Bon 1990, Documents 

Mycologiques 20 (78):38 [ as "(Lasch --> Sacc.) Bon" ] 

h Agaricus macrorhizus Lasch, Lasch 1828, Linnaea 3: 396 nr. 240. Illegitimate 

ICBN Art. 64.1, later homonym of Agaricus macrorhizus Pers., Persoon 1796, 

Obs. Myc. 1:47 

h Agaricus macrorhizus Lasch ex. Fr., Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p.58, illegitimate 

ICBN Art. 64.1, later homonym of Agaricus macrorhizus Pers. Persoon 1796, 

Obs. Myc. 1:47 

h Leucopaxillus macrorhizus (Sacc.) Sacconi & Lazzari, Sacconi and Lazzari 

1980, Boll. Gruppo mic. ‘G.Bresadola’ Trento 23:(5-6) 114. original not seen. 

cited in IF 5:488. [ cited as "(Lasch) Sacconi and Lazzari," treated as 

bibliographic error ] 

h Leucopaxillus macrorhizus (Sacc.) Bon, Bon 1985, Documents Mycologiques 


basionym often cited as "Tricholoma macrorhizum (Lasch) Fr. ," a taxon that does 

not exist, treated as a bibliographic error; see discussion in Bon 1985, 

Documents Mycologique 15:42. 

macrospora 

Armillaria macrospora Peck, Peck 1900, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27:610 

accepted name: h Catathelasma macrospora (Peck) Singer, Singer 1940, Rev. 

Mycol. 5:9; We examined the type specimen from FH and concur with Singer’s 

combination. 

h Armillariella macrospora (Peck) T.J. Baroni, Baroni 1981, Mycologia 73:187 

= Catathelasma evanescens Lovejoy, Lovejoy 1910, Bot. Gazette 50:384; fide 

Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 2: 61; however, we prefer to maintain 

these as separate species for the time being, until type specimens can be 

examined together. 


75

76 

magnivelaris 

Armillaria magnivelaris (Peck) Murrill, Murrill 1912, Mycologia 4:212 

basionym: Agaricus magnivelaris Peck, Peck 1878, Rept. NY State Museum 

29:66 (nomen novum for Agaricus ponderosus Peck 1874, Report NY State 

Museum 26:50) 

accepted name: h Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead, Redhead 1984, 

Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 256 ; see also A.ponderosa below for other 

synonyms. See Redhead 1984, loc. cit., for discussion of this name. 

h Armillaria magnivelaris (Peck) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:37, 


h Tricholoma ponderosum (Sacc.) Singer, [as "(Peck) Singer", bibliographical 

error], Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:227; fide Redhead 1984, loc. cit. 

We examined an isotype of Agaricus magnivelaris Peck at OSC, Corvallis 

Oregon and concur with Redhead 1984, loc. cit. 

major 

Armillaria robusta (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Gillet var. major Sacc., Saccardo 

1887, Sylloge Fungorum 575 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. If this is a true variety 

of this species, it belongs in the genus Tricholoma 

matsutake 

Armillaria matsutake S.Ito & S.Imai, Ito & Imai 1925, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39:327 

accepted name: h Tricholoma matsutake (S.Ito & S.Imai) Singer, Singer 1943, 

Ann. Mycol. 41:77 

= Tricholoma nauseosum (A.Blytt) Kytöv., Kytövuori 1988 (1989), Karstenia 

28(2):69. fide Kytövuori, loc. cit. ; see notes under A.nauseosum. We question 

synonymizing these species as proposed by Kytövuori until type specimens of 

both species can be compared. If these two species are found to be conspecific, 

we would suggest that Tricholoma matsutake be conserved over Tricholoma 

nauseosum 

= Agaricus (Armillaria) edodes sensu J.Schröt. See discussion under edodes 

= Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Gillet sensu Hariot & Pat., Hariot and Patouillard 

1902, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8:132; fide Kytövuori 1988 (1989), Karstenia 

28(2):69, where this species is mis-cited as "Armillaria caligata Har. & Pat." 

see caligata for additional discussion; fide Bon 1984, Encyclopedia Mycologique 

36: 275; fide Riva 1988, Fungi Europaei: Tricholoma p. 400, Tricholoma 

caligatum (Viv.) Ricken is the same species, but the basis for the synonymy as 

proposed by these authors is not known. 


maxima 

Armillaria mellea (VahkFr.) P.Kumm. var. maxima (Fr.) Barla, Barla 1887, 

Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 2:143 

basionym: Agaricus (Clitocybe) maximus Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p.67 

accepted name: = Clitocybe maxima (Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, Führ. 

Pilzkunde p. 123; fide Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska V Brné. 

Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p. 32 

megalopus 

Armillaria megalopus Bres., Bresadola 1881, Fungi Trid. 1:43 t. XLVII 

accepted name: = Limacella furnacea (Letell.) E.J. Gilbert, La Spore Champ. 

p. 96; fide Nonis 1986, Micol. Ital. 15:43 

h Limacella megalopus (Bres.) Maire, Maire 1924, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 

40:293 [as "Limacella megalopoda" ] 

h Collybia megalopus (Bres.) Ricken, Ricken 1915, Die Blätterpilze p.400; 

Petrak 1922-28 p. 477 


77

78 

mellea 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, Führ. Pilz. p. 135 

basionym: Agaricus melleus Vahl, Vahl 1787, Flora Danica 6:9, tab. 1013 

accepted name: h Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, loc. 

cit. (see Watling et al., 1982, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 78:271-285) 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) melleus VahkFr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I 30 

h Armillariella mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1881, Hymenomycetes 

Fennicae p.4 [earlier accepted by Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 

Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p.21 as "Armillaria mellea (Vahl) Fr." ] 

h Clitocybe mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p. 362 

h Lepiota mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Lange, Lange 1915, Dansk. Bot. Arkiv 2:31 

h Omphalia mellea (Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1886, Emichiridion: 20 

h Collybia mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.76, 


Korhonen species D (EBS D), North American Biological Species VI 

Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 1:30, also listed the following names as synonyms 

of Agaricus (Armillaria) melleus; these names were treated extensively by 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:101-116, in their search for 

useable epithets for European Biological Species of Armillaria: 

= Agaricus annularius Bull., Bulliard 1788, Historie Champ. France p. 626 t. 

377, Gillet (1874, Les Hym. p. 84) considered this to be a synonym of A.mellea 

sensu lato; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:104, the three 

plates cited as Agaricus annularius by Bulliard represent at least two species of 

Armillaria and possibly a Pholiota. In any case, this name cannot be used 

because it is a later homonym of Agaricus annularius Schaeff., Schaeffer 1762 

now considered a synonym of Suillus luteus (L.:Fr.) Gray; fide Petersen, 1977, 

Mycotaxon 6:127-166 

= Agaricus congregatus Bolton, Bolton 1792, see ostoyae 

= Agaricus cumulutus With., Withering 1796, Arr. Brit. Plants ed. 3 vol. 4 

p. 164; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:106, this "is a 

superfluous name, since Withering quoted Bulliard plate 377 (A.annularius) and 

Bolton plate 140 (A. congregatus), reducing his name to a synonym. " It is clearly 

an Armillaria species, but its exact identity is unknown. 

= Agaricus furcopallidus Bolton, Bolton 1789, History of funguses growing 

about Halifax 3:136; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:107, 

this is a member of the A.mellea aggregate, but the identity of this species is 

uncertain. 

= Agaricus obscurus Schaeff., Schaeffer 1774, q.v. 

= Agaricus occultans Batsch, Batsch 1783, Elenchus Fungorum p.55; fide 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30: 111, this is a superfluous name 

since Batsch cited Agaricus obscurus Schaeff. (q.v.) as a synonym. 


= Agaricus pistillaris Batsch, Batsch 1783, Elenchus Fungorum p.55; fide 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30: 111, this is probably not an 

Armillaria, but the description is too short and vague to be sure. 

= Agaricus polymyces Pers., Persoon 1797, q.v. also see ostoyae 

= Agaricus stipitis Sowerby, Sowerby 1797, Coloured Figures of English Fungi 

1, based on Agaricus stipitis With., Withering 1796, Arr. Brit. Plants ed. 3 vol. 

4 p.191; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:113, the 

description is "too incomplete to identify the species of Armillaria," and the 

"author apparently intended to include the entire A. mellea complex. " In any case 

the name is superfluous because of Withering’s references to A.fuscopallidus, A. 

melleus, A.obscurus, and A.elasticus. 

Note: Streinz 1861, Fungal Nomenclator p. 68-69 also listed forty synonyms for 

Agaricus melleus Vahl, many of which have never been treated in modern times. 

melleo-rubens 

Armillaria melleo-rubens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:81 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) melleorubens Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Berkeley & 

Curtis 1869, J. Linn. Soc. 10:283 

accepted name: h Armillaria melleo-rubens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., 

Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:81. Type examined. This species is a 

member of the genus Armillaria, but it is not known whether it is conspecific 

with any other Armillaria species. 

= Armillaria putrida (Scop.) Murrill; fide Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 

10(1):39; see discussion under this epithet 

h Armillariella melleorubens (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Singer, Singer 1973, Beih. 

Sydowia 7:17 

fide Pegler 1987, Kew Bull. 42(3):523, this is "probably identical with Armillaria 

puiggarii", but until definitive culture and mating studies are done, we must 

consider these as separate species. 

microspila, Lepiota SEE ompnera 


79

80 

microspora 

Armillariella microspora (A.H. Smith & Hesler) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), 

Lilloa 22:216. no description or indication of new sp. or comb. 

basionym: Hygrophorus microsporus A.H. Smith & Healer, Smith and Healer 

1942, Lloydia 5:11 

accepted name: = Hygrophorus microspora A.H. Smith & Hesler, Smith and 

Hesler 1942, Lloydia 5:11; fide Hesler and Smith 1963, North American Species 

of Hygrophorus p. 89 

h Hygrotrama microsporum (A.H. Smith & Hesler) Singer, Singer 1958 (1959), 

Sydowia 12:223 

millus 

Armillaria millus (Sowerby:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:81 

basionym: Agaricus millus Sowerby, Sowerby 1799, Coloured figures of English 

fungi p. 78 t.184 

accepted name: nomen dubium, fide Termomhuizen and Arnolds 1987, 

Mycotaxon 30: 109. 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) millus Sowerby:Fr., Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p.44 

h Tricholoma millum (Sowerby:Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria 

p.75, published as a provisional combination, invalid, ICBN Art. 34.1(b) 

minor 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. minor Barla, Barla 1887, Bull. 

Mycol. Soc. France 3:143 

accepted name: h Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm., q.v.; fide 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:109, it is a small form of A. 

mellea; fide Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná 

Rádem Prace BRNO p. 33 it is a small form of "some Armillaria species." 

minor 

Armillaria robusta (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Gillet var. minor (Krombh.) P.Karst., 

Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar 

p.19 

basionym: Agaricus robustus Alb. & Schwein.:Fr. var. minor Krombh., 

Krombholz 1831, t. 25 f. 15-20 


No further information is available regarding this tazon. If this is a true variety 

of the species it belongs in the genus Tricholoma. 


minor 

Agaricus (Armillaria) melleus Vahl:Fr. var. minor Berk., Berkeley 1878, J. 

Linnean Soc. 16:38 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. A formal combination 

has not been made in the genus Armillaria. 

minuta 

Armillariella minuta Singer & Digilio in Singer, Singer 1954, Sydowia 8: 106 

accepted name: h Rickenella minuta (Singer & Digilio) Raithelh., Raithelhuber 

1980, Metrodiana 9 (2):48 

h Rickenella minuta (Singer & Digilio) Raithelh., Raithelhuber 1977, Hongos 

Argentinos (Buenos Aires) 2:23; fide IF 4:574 invalid comb., ICBN Art. 33, no 

full reference to basionym. 

h Rickenella minuta (Singer & Digilio) Raithelh., Raithelhuber 1983, 

Metrodiana Sonderheft 2:11, indicated as comb. nov. but a superfluous comb. 

monadelpha 

Armillaria monadelpha (Morgan) Guillaumin & Mohammed, in Kile et al. 1994, 

IUFRO 8:414 (Illegitimate comb. ICBN Art. 33.2, no basionym cited) 

basionym: Agaricus monadelphus Morgan, Morgan 1883, J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. 

Hist. 6:69 

accepted name: = Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel q.v.; fide Singer 1970, 

Flora Neotropica 3: 13 

h Clitocybe monadelpha (Morgan) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:164; see tabescens for additional synonyms. 

Kile et al. 1994, IUFRO 8:414 have proposed the name Armillaria monadelpha 

(Morgan) Guillaumin & Mohammed (q.v.) for the North American form of 

Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel, q.v. The combination is illegitimate (ICBN 

Art. 33.2, no basionym cited). Moreover, Darmono, Burdsall, and Volk, 1993, 

Sydowia 44: 115, provide evidence that European and North American forms of 

A. tabescens are compatible, forming clamp connections in matings of 

monobasidiosporous progeny, subsequently producing fertile basidiomata and are 

conspecific. If new information is found that indicates the North American 

species is different, Lentinus caespitosus Berk., Berkeley 1847, Lond. J. Bot. 

6:317 (type from Ohio) may be an older name; fide Pegler 1983, World 

Monogr. Lentinus, p. 224., who examined the type, Lentinus caespitosus Berk. is 

identical with A. tabescens 


81

82 

montagnei 

Armillaria montagnei (Singer) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska V 

Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p. 41 

basionym: Armillariella montagnei Singer, Singer 1956, Lloydia 19:182 

accepted name: h Armillaria montagnei (Singer) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká 

Skola Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.41 

h Armillaria montagnei (Singer) Kile & Watling, Kile & Watling 1983, Trans. 

Brit. Mycol. Soc. 81(1):131, superfluous comb. 

see also discussion by Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:109-110 

mori 

Armillaria mori (Paulet: Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 77 

basionym: Hypophyllum mori Paulet, Paulet 1812, Champ p.300, t. 144 

accepted name: = Armillaria griseofusca (DC:Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les. 

Hym. p.82; fide Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná 

Rádem Prace BRNO p. 42 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) morio Paulet:Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p.23 

h Armillaria mori (Paulet: Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:81, 


h Clitocybe mori (Paulet:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p.363 

h Collybia mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Emel f. mori (Paulet:Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le 


Art. 34.1(b) 


mucida 

Armillaria mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Quél. Champ. Jura Vosques 

I in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:75 

basionym: Agaricus mucidus Schrad., Schrader 1794, Spicilegium Fl. Germ. 

p.116. 

accepted name: h Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Höhn., Höhnel 1909, 

Sitz.-ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 118:276; fide Singer 1961, Persoonia 2: 162; fide 

Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti p. 162; fide Watling et al. 1991, 

Armillaria Root Disease p. 6 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) mucidus Schrad.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Mycol. 1:188 ; 

1874, Hym. Eur. p. 46 

h Armillaria mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:85 

h Collybia mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1888, Flore Mycologique p.238 

h Collybia mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1915, Die Blätterpilze p.401, 

superfIuous comb. 

= Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Höhn. sensu Rick 1937, Lilloa 1:316; fide 

Singer 1953, Lilloa 26:67 

multicolor 

Armillaria multicolor Sacc, Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:84. 

basionym: Armillaria multicolor Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:84; 

treated as a nomen novum for Agaricus (Armillaria) multicolorus Berk., Berkeley 

1850, Hooker’s J. Bot. 2:46; illegitimate (ICBN Art. 64.1) as a later homonym 

of Agaricus multicolor Pers. q.v. 

accepted name: nomen rej. fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:70-although 

this name is rejected in the text of this paper, it is nonetheless included 

in their key in the same paper; fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3: 16, this is a 

synonym of Armillaria omnituens (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:84 

NOT Agaricus multicolor Pers., Persoon 1801, Syn. p.350 [ = Agaricus 

(Tricholoma) multicolor Pers.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 1:48] 

mundulata, Rhodocybe see alachuana 


83

84 

muscicola 

Armillaria muscicola Cleland, Cleland 1927, Trans. Proc. Royal Soc. S. 

Australia 51:299 


The description (small size and association with moss, not trees or wood) 

indicates that this species does not likely belong in the genus Armillaria. 

nabsnona 

Armillaria nabsnona Volk & Burdsall ined. 

accepted name: h Armillaria nabsnona Volk & Burdsall ined. 

North American Biological Species IX. We have specimens with cultures that 

are compatible with tester strains of NABS IX (Anderson & Ullrich 1979). This 

species will be described in a subsequent publication. 

nana 

Armillaria nana (Singer) Locq., Locquin 1952, Bull. trimest. Soc. Mycol. France 

68: 167. no description or indication of new sp. or comb. 

basionym: Amanita (Lepidella) nana Singer, Singer 1941, Notul. syst. sect. 

crypt. Inst. bot. Komarovii Acad. Sci. URSS 5: 85 

accepted name: h Amanita nana Singer, Singer 1941, Notul. syst. sect. crypt. 

Inst. bot. Komarovii Acad. Sci. URSS 5: 85. original not seen; fide Bas 1969, 

Persoonia 5: 368 

nardosmia 

Armillaria nardosmia (Ellis) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:86 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) nardosmius Ellis, Ellis 1876, Bull. Torrey Bot. 

Club 6(14):75 


h Armillaria caligata (Xv.) Gillet f. nardosmia (Ellis) A.H. Smith, Smith 1934, 

Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 19:206 

h Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Gillet var. nardosmia (Ellis) A.H. Smith, Smith 

1979, Beih. Sydowia 8:375 

Mycorrhizal fungus, not in the genus Armillaria. 


nauseosa 

Armillaria nauseosa A.Blytt, Blytt 1905, Norg. Hymen. Vid. Selsk. Skrift. 6:22 

accepted name: h Tricholoma nauseosum (A.Blytt) Kytöv., Kytövuori 1988 

(1989), Karstenia 28(2):69 

h Tricholoma caligatum (Xv.) Ricken var. nauseosum (A.Blytt) Bon, Bon 1990, 

Documents Mycologiques 20: 38 

= Tricholoma matsutake (S.Ito & S.Imai) Singer, q.v.; fide Kytövuori 1988 

(1989), Karstenia 28(2):69. We question synonymizing these species as proposed 

by Kytövuori until type specimens of both species can be compared. If these two 

species are found to be conspecific, we would suggest that Tricholoma matsutake 

be conserved over Tricholoma nauseosum. see additional discussion under 

matsutake. 

neuhauserii 

Armillaria neuhauserii (Schulzer) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:85 

basionym: Agaricus ? neuhauserii Schulzer, Schulzer 1884?, Verhandl Hermann; 

original not seen, cited in Saccardo 1887, loc. cit.. We are unsure of the genus 

of the basionym 


fide Saccardo 1887, loc. cit., this species is "near A.mucida and A. fracida" so it 

probably belongs with those species in the genus Oudemansiella. 

nigrescens 

Armillaria nigrescens Kawam., Kawamura 1954, Icones of Japanese Fungi 

4:462; fide IF 2:337, not validly published ICBN Art. 36.1, no Latin diagnosis. 

accepted name: = Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus (Fr.) Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p. 

324; fide Imazeki and Hongo 1957, Coloured illustrations of fungi of Japan p. 12. 

Translation by Hisashi Saito (Pers. Comm.) 

h Tricholoma nigrescens (Kawam.) S.Ito, Ito 1959, Mycological Flora of Japan 

2 (5): 137 

nigritula 

Armillaria nigritula P.D. Orton, Orton 1980, Notes Roy. Bot. Gdn. Edinburgh 

38(3):316 


"near A.mellea, but with strong smell (of cats or flowering currant) with minor 

spore differences." Roy Watling (Pers. Comm.) has examined specimens and 

believes this is identical with Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm.. 


85

86 

nigropunctata 

Armillaria nigropunctata (Fr.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska 

V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.44 [ cited as "(Secr.) Herink," 

treated here as a bibliographic error 1; fide IF 5:869 this must be treated as a 

nomen novum, and Armillaria nigropunctata Herink is a nomen invalidum as new 

species, ICBN Art. 36.1, no Latin description. 

basionym: Agaricus (Clitocybe) nigropunctatus Fr., Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p. 

107; based on Agaricus nigro-punctatus Secr., Secretan 1833, Mycogr. Suisse p. 

433, nr. 1046, a nomen invalidum, Secretan names not accepted, ICBN Art. 

23.6(c) Ex. 10 


The correct placement of this taxon is not known. The name (as Clitocybe 

nigropunctata) is listed but not treated by Bigelow (1982, 1985). 

h Armillariella nigropunctata (Fr.) Singer, Singer 1943, Annales Mycol. 41:19; 

[ cited as "(Secr.) Singer," treated here as a bibliographic error ] 

h Clitocybe nigropunctata (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 173 

nobilis 

Armillaria nobilis Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:38 

accepted name: = Catathelasma imperialis (Fr.) Singer, Singer 1940, Rev. 

Mycol. 5: 10; fide Pomerleau 1980, Flore des champignons au Québec p. 308; 

fide Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 2:59 

novae-zealandiae 

Armillaria novae-zealandiae (G.Stev.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola 

Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 


basionym: Armillariella novae-zealandae G.Stev., Stevenson 1964, Kew Bull. 

19: 14 

accepted name: h Armillaria novae-zealundiae (G.Stev.) Herink, Herink 1973, 

loc. cit. 

h Armillaria novae-zealandiae (G.Stev.) Boesew., Boesewinkel 1977, N.Z. J. 

Agric. Res. 20 (4): 585, superfluous comb. 


obscura 

Armillaria obscura (Schaeff.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska V 

Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.42 

basionym: Agaricus obscurus Schaeff., Schaeffer 1762, Fungi qui. . . . Bavaria: t. 

32 

accepted name: nomen ambiguum, fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44: 269; 

fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30: 111; fide Termorshuizen 

1984, Rept. Agr. Univ. Wageningen: 1-103; fide Watling 1987, Notes Roy. Bot. 

Gdn. Edinburgh 44: 116-117 

h Armillaria obscura (Schaeff.) Bon, Bon 1985, Documents Mycologique 

15(60):38, superfluous comb. 

NOT Armillariella obscura (Pers.) Romagn., Romagnesi 1970, Bull. trimest. 

Soc. Mycol. France 86 (1): 262 q.v. 

NOT Armillaria mellea (VahkFr.) P.Kumm. var. obscura Gillet, Gillet 1874, 

Lea Hym. p. 84 q.v. 

Secretan (1833, Mycog. Suisse. p.47) was the first post-Friesian author to use the 

name Agaricus obscurus. However, Secretan cited both Agaricus obscurus 

Persoon and Agaricus obscurus Schaeff. in his description, resulting in confusion 

over the identity of the name. This is no longer a problem since the 

nomenclatund starting point [ ICBN Art. 13.1(d) ] was moved back to 1753. 

See Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44: 269, for an extended discussion of this 

epithet. 

obscura 

Armillariella obscura (Gillet) Romagn., Romagnesi 1970, Bull. trimest. Soc. 

Mycol. France 86 (1): 262; cited as "(Pers. ex Secr.) Romagn.," treated as a 

bibliographic error. 

basionym: Inocybe obscura Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 515; treated as a 

nomen novum for Agaricus obscurus Pers., Persoon 1801, Synopsis Methodica 

Fungorum no. 163, p. 347, which is illegitimate (ICBN Art. 64.1) as a later 

homonym of Agaricus obscure Schaeff., q.v. 

accepted name: h Inocybe obscura Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 515; fide 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30: 110-111 [ as "(Pers. ex Secr.) 

Gillet" ] 

NOT Armillaria obscura (Schaeff.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola 

Zeme ∨ 

de ∨ 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.42, q.v. 


87

88 

obscura 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. obscura Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les 

Hym. p. 84 

accepted name: nomen dubium; No further information is available regarding 

this taxon. There is no available type specimen and the description is too vague 

to be certain of which taxon is represented; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 

1987, Mycotaxon 30: 110 

NOT Armillariella obscura (Gillet) Romagn., Romagnesi 1970, Bull. trimest. 

Soc. Mycol. France 86 (1): 262, q.v. 

NOT Armillaria obscura (Schaeff.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola 

Zeme - 

de - 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.42, q.v. 

occidentalis 

Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Gillet var. occidentalis A.H. Smith, Smith 1979, Beih. 

Sydowia. Ann. Mycol. 8: 373 


If this is a true variety of the species, it belongs in the genus Tricholoma; 

In his description of Tricholoma dulciolens Kytöv., Kytövuori 1988 (1989), 

Karstenia 28:73-75, says his new species "greatly resembles" this species and 

implies it may be identical to Armillaria caligata (Viv.) Gillet var. occidentalis 

A.H. Smith, q.v., but he "thought it beat to describe the European material as a 

new species.. ." and indicated that further study of these two species is needed. 

ochrolaniatus, Agaricus SEE ramentacea 

occultans, Agaricus SEE mellea 


odorata 

Armillaria odorata (Cool) Zerov in Zerov & Peresipkin, Zerov & Peresipkin 

1979, Viznachnik Gribiv Ukraini [Guide to the fungi of the Ukraine] 5, 

Basidiomycetes (2):288; invalid comb. no full reference given. ICBN Art. 33 

basionym: Lepiota odorata Cool, Cool 1918, Mededeel. v. de nederlandische 

mycologisch. Vereeniging IX: 47 

accepted name: h Squamanita odorata (Cool) Bas, Bas 1965, Persoonia 3(3): 

342; fide Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti p.254; fide Redhead et al. 

1994, Canad. J. Bot. 72:1817 

h Squamanita odorata (Cool) Imbach, Imbach 1946, PilzfIora Luzern p.83; 

invalid as a nomen provisiorum fide Bas 1965, Persoonia 3(3): 342 

h Tricholoma odoratum (Cool) Konrad & Maubl., Konrad and Maublanc 1949, 

Les Agaricales (Encyclopédie Mycologique 14) p. 346 

NOT Tricholoma odoratum Konrad & Maubl. sensu Pears. (Trans. Brit. Mycol. 

Soc. 35:99, 1952) = Squamanita pearsonii Bas, Bas 1965, Persoonia 3(3): 345; 

fide Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti p. 254 

olearia 

Armillariella olearia (DC:Fr.) Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:19 

basionym: Agaricus olearius DC, deCandolle 1815, Flora Francaise 6:44 

accepted name: h Omphalotus olearius (DC:Fr.) Singer, Singer 1946, Pap. 


h Agaricus (Crepidotus) olearius DC:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 1:273 

h Agaricus (Pleurotus) olearius DC:Fr., Fries 1874, Epicr. p.170 

See Singer 1962, Agaricales p. 226 and Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:75 

for list of other synonyms. 

It is not clear whether Singer intended to make this combination in Armillariella, 

but he uses "A.olearia" on the page following his discussion of Fayod’s genus 

Omphalotus and its relationship with Clitocybe olearia and Armillariella. Pegler 

1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:75, agrees that Singer made this combination. 

olida 

Armillaria olida Thiers & Sundb., Thiers & Sundberg 1976, Madroño 23 (8): 

451 


Not an Armillaria. Should be placed in Tricholoma, near T.saponaceum, but 

combination will be formally made later (K. Shanks and D. Desjardin, Pers. 

Comm.) 


89

90 

olivacea 

Armillaria olivacea (Rick) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V 

Brné Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.43 

basionym: Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. olivacea Rick, Rick 

1937, Broteria 5:24; nomen nudum, no Latin diagnosis. invalid ICBN Art. 36.1 

accepted name: nomen invalidum, fide IF 5:869, ICBN Art. 36.1, based on 

Rick’s name, a nomen nudum. 

h Armillariella puiggarii (Speg.) Singer f. olivacea (Rick) Singer, Singer 1953, 

Lilloa 26: 132 

h Armillariella olivacea (Rick) Singer, Singer 1956, Lloydia 19:180 

olivaceoalbus, Hygrophorus SEE nigrescens 

olivaceo-fusca 

Armillaria mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Quél. var. olivaceo-fusca (Horn.) Sacc., 

Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:85 

basionym: Agaricus olivaceo-fuscus Horn., Hornemann 1808, Fl. Dan. t. 1372 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. If this is a true variety 

of the species it belongs in the genus Oudemansiella. 

omnituens 

Armillaria omnituens (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:84 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) omnituens Berk., Berkeley 1850, Hooker’s J. 

Bot. 2:46 

accepted name: h Armillaria omnituens (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:84 

h Armillariella omnituens (Berk.) Singer, Singer (1961) 1962, Sydowia 15:49; 

fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:16 several of Berkeley’s species are 

synonyms of A.omnituens: SEE epitheta adelpha, dichupella, duplicata, 

multicolor, and vara for discussion of each of these cases. 

ompnera 

Armillaria ompnera (Berk. & Broome) Sacc, Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:86 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) ompnerus Berk. & Broome, Berkeley and 

Broome 1871, J. Linn. Soc. 11:514 

accepted name: = Lepiota microspila (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1891, Sylloge 

Fungorum 9:10; fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:80 


ostoyae 

Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V 


basionym: h Armillariella ostoyae Romagn., Romagnesi 1970, Bull. trimest. 

Soc. Mycol. France 86(l) :265 

accepted name: h Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká 

Skola Zeme - 

de - 


= Armillariella polymyces (Pers.) Singer & Clémençon, Singer & Clémençon 

1972, Nova Hedwigia 23: 31l; fide Marxmüller 1992 Mycotaxon 44:269; fide 

Watling et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease p.5 [ as "(Secr.) Sing. & Clem." ] 

= Armillaria montagnei var. umbrinobrunnea Singer, Singer 1956, Lloydia 19: 

183 q.v. [ as "Amontagnei Singer var. umbrinolutea Singer," q.v.]; fide Watling 

et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease p.5 

= Agaricus congregatus Bolton, Bolton 1791, History Fung. Halifax plate 140; 

fide Watling et al. 1982; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 

30:106 this name is superfluous and cannot be used for this fungus because 

Bolton referred to "annularius Bulliard, 377", (= Amellea sensu lato) reducing 

Bolton’s name to a synonym of that species q.v. 

Korhonen Species C (EBS C), North American Biological Species I. 

Note: Armillaria obscura (Schaeff.) Herink, is another name that has been used 

for this biological species, but this is a nomen ambiguum, fide Marxmüller 1992 

Mycotaxon 44:269; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30: 111. 

See additional discussion under obscura 

pallidula 

Armillaria pallidula Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1988, Trans. Brit. Mycol. 

Soc. 91:307 

accepted name: h Armillaria pallidula Kile & Watling, Kile and Watling 1988, 

loc. cit. 

parasitica, Clitocybe SEE tabescens 

paupertina 

Armillariella paupertina (A.H. Smith & Hesler) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), 

Lilloa 22:216 

basionym: Hygrophorus paupertinus A.H. Smith & Hesler, Smith and Hesler 

1942, Lloydia 5:13 

accepted name: h Hygrophorus paupertinus A.H. Smith & Hesler, Smith and 

Hesler 1942, Llyodia 5:13; fide Hesler and Smith 1963, North American Species 

of Hgrophorus p. 84 


91

92 

pearsonii, Squamanita SEE odorata 

peckii , Agaricus (Tricholoma) SEE aurantia 

pelliculata 

Armillaria pelliculata Beeli, Beeli 1927, Bull. Soc. R. Belgique 59:111 

accepted name: h Armillaria pelliculata Beeli, Beeli 1927, loc. cit.; fide 

Mohammed et al. 1989, IUFRO 7:448 

h Armillaria pelliculosa Beeli, cited in IFP 1922-28, p. 15. Orthographic variant 

of the same name. 

phoenecia 

Armillaria phoenecia (Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 

Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p. 18 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) phoeniceus Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p.20 

accepted name: h Tricholoma phoenecium (Fr.) Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. 

Mycol. 41:77 

h Armillaria phoenicea (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:73, 


piluliformis 

Armillaria piluliformis (Bull.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 80 

basionym: Agaricus piluliformis Bull., Bulliard 1809, pl. 112; nomen superfluum 

fide Petersen 1977, Mycotaxon 6: 127-166, 6:78-126 

accepted name: h Psathyrella piluliformis (Bull.) P.D. Orton, P.D. Orton 

1969, Notes Royal Bot. Gdn. Edinburgh 29 (1): 116 

h Agaricus (Hypholoma) piluliformis Bull. ex Fr., Fries 1857, Monogr. Hym. 

Sueciae p. 428 

h Agaricus (Lepiota) piluliformis Bull. ex Mérat, Mérat 1834, Nouv. Fl. Envir. 

Paris 3e Ed. I: 100 

h Hypholoma piluliforme (Bull.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 

5:1040 

pinetorum 

Armillaria pinetorum Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 79 

accepted name: = Lepiota carcharias (Pers.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p. 327; fide Bresadola 1920, Ann. Mycol. 18:65 

h Tricholoma pinetorum (Gillet) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.75, 



piopparello 

Agaricus (Armillaria) piopparello Viv., Viviani 1834, Funghi d’Italia p.6 t.6 


= Agaricus (Armillaria) vivianii Fr., Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p.45, apparently a 

nomen novum for this species. Fries cites A. piopparello Viviani with his 

description, reducing A. vivianii to a synonym. This species was never formally 

placed in Armillaria or Armillariella. Its proper disposition is unknown. 

pistillaris, Agaricus SEE mellea 

pitkinensis 

Armillaria pitkinensis Mitchel A.H. Smith, Mitchel and Smith 1976, 

Mycotaxon 4 (2): 530 

accepted name: h Floccularia pitkinensis (Mitchel & A.H. Smith) Bon, Bon 

1990, Documents Mycologiques 20 (no. 79): 57 

platensis 

Armillaria platensis Speg., Spegazzini 1899, Anales de1 Museo National de 


basionym: Armillaria platensis Speg., Spegazzini 1899, loc. cit. 

accepted name: Leucoagaricus sp. ("probably"); fide Singer 1952, Sydowia 

6:345 

NOT Agaricus platensis Speg., Spegazzini 1925 (1926), Bol. de la Academia 

National de Ciencias Córdoba 28:329 [ h Oudemansiella platensis (Speg.) Rick, 

Rick 1907, Brotéria 6:76; = Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) v. Höhn; fide 

Pegler 1977, Kew Bull. addit. ser. 6:149] 

NOT Leucoagaricus platensis (Speg.) Raithelh., Raithelhuber 1987, Flora 

Mycologica Argentina Hongos I (Stuttgart: Mycosur.):298 ( h Lepiota platensis 

Speg.); fide IF 5:836 published by Baithelhuber 1987 loc. cit., as "(Speg.) 

Desm. & Wright comb. ined." 


93

94 

pleurotoides 

Armillaria pleurotoides (Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och 

den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p. 22 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) pleurotoides Fr., Fries 1863, Monogr. Suisse I 

no. 11c, p.286 


h Pleurotus pleurotoides (Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1915, Die Blätterpilze p.446; fide 

Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.41 

h Armillaria pleurotoides (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:82, 


= Pleurotus albertinii (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:340; fide 

Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p. 40 

Painting in Lucand 1880, Figures Peintes de Champignons de la France t. 25-77, 

does not appear to be an Armillaria. It looks like a Limacella or Lepiota. No 

further information is available regarding this taxon. 

pleurotus, Agaricus SEE lepiota 

polymyces 

Armillariella polymyces (Pers.) Singer & Clémençon, Singer and Clémençon 

1972, Nova Hedwigia 23: 311 

basionym: Agaricus polymyces Pers., Persoon 1797, Disp. Methodicae 

Fungorum p. 19 

accepted name: = Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, q.v.; fide Watling et 

al., 1991, Armillaria Root Disease p.6; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, 

Mycotaxon 30: 112, Agaricus polymyces Pers. is a superfluous name because of 

all the synonyms listed in the description by Persoon. Termorshuizen and 

Arnolds 1987, loc. cit., also state that Singer and Clémençon 1972, Nova 

Hedwigia 23: 311 "adopted this name for a fungus obviously identical with 

Armillaria ostoyae. " 

h Lepiota polymyces (Pers.) Gray, Gray 1821, Natural Arrangements of British 

Plants 1:603 

NOT Agaricus (Lepiota) polymices Secr., Secretan 1833, Mycographie Suisse 

146, illegitimate ICBN Art. 64.1 later homonym of Agaricus polymyces Pers., 

q.v. 


ponderosa 

Armillaria ponderosa Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:78 

basionym: Armillaria ponderosa Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:78; 

treated as nomen novum for Agaricus (Armillaria) ponderosus Peck, Peck 1874, 

Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci. 1:42, illegitimate name, ICBN Art. 64.1, later 

homonym of Agaricus ponderosus Pers., Persoon 1828, Myc. Eur. 3: 116; fide 

Redhead 1984, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 25:6] 

accepted name: = Tricholoma magnivelare (Peck) Redhead, Redhead 1984, 

Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 25:6; see extensive discussion of this name in Redhead 

1984, loc. cit. 

h Tricholoma ponderosum (Sacc.) Singer, [as "(Peck) Singer", bibliographical 

error], Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:227 

see Smith 1979, Beih. Sydowia 8:368-377, for list of other synonyms 

praecox 

Armillaria praecox Velen., Velenovský 1920, C - 


accepted name: nomen ambiguum fide Marxmüller 1992 Mycotaxon 44:271; fide 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:112; fide Antonín 1990, Acta 

Mus Moraviae Sci. Nat. 75:130 

h Armillariella praecox (Velen.) Singer, Singer 1976, Kew Bull. 31 (3): 433 

procera 

Armillaria procera Speg., Spegazzini 1889, Bol. Acad. Nat. Cienc. Córdoba 11: 

385 

accepted name: h Armillaria procera Speg., Spegazzini 1889, loc. cit. 

h Armillariella procera (Speg.) Singer, Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:11 

see also Saccardo 1891, Sylloge Fungorum 9:12 

NOT Armillaria procera Speg. sensu Rick [ = Pleurotus rickii Bres., Bresadola 

1920, Ann. Mycol. 18: 27] fide Singer (1952) 1953, Sydowia 6:344 

= Armillariella puiggarii (Speg.) Singer, q.v.; fide Singer 1952 (1953), Sydowia 

6:344, but after further study Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:11 considered 

A.procera and A.puiggarii as separate species. 

pseudobulbosa 

Armillaria cepistipes Velen. f. pseudobulbosa Romagn. & Marxmüller 1983, 

Romagnesi and Marxmüller 1983, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 99(3):310 

accepted name: = Armillaria cepistipes Velen.; form designations abandoned 

see Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:269, because of intergradations between 

forms. 


95

96 

puellula, Clitocybe SEE verrucipes 

puiggarii 

Armillaria puiggarii Speg., Spegazzini 1889, Bol. Acad. Nat. Cienc. Córdoba 

11:384 

accepted name: h Armillaria puiggarii Speg., Spegazzini 1889, Bol. Acad. 

Nat. Cienc. Códoba 11: 384 

h Armillariella puiggarii (Speg.) Singer, Singer 1950 (1951), Lilloa 23: 171 this 

reference indicates comb. nov, but same combination was mentioned by Singer 

1949 (1951), Lilloa 22: 216, although there is no description there 

= Armillaria procera Speg., q.v.; fide Singer 1952 (1953), Sydowia 6:344, but 

after further study Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3: 11 considered A.procera and 

A.puiggarii as separate species. 

pulveracea 

Armillaria pulveracea (Peck) Kauffman, Kauffman 1924, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 

4:317 

basionym: Lepiota pulveracea Peck, Peck 1901, NY State Mus Rept. 54: 144 


fide Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:45, this is a synonym of Cystoderma 

amianthinum (Swp.:Fr.) Fayod, q.v. [as "Lepiota amianthina (Scop.) Quél" ], 

but Murrill listed a number of species here as synonyms now considered to be 

different species of Cystoderma, fide Harmaja 1974, Karstenia 14: 122; fide Peck 

1901, loc. cit., this species is "related to Lepiota granulosa (Batsch) Ricken" 

q.v.; We agree it probably belongs in the genus Cystoderma with that species. 

pulvinatus, Agaricus SEE spongiosa 

pusillomyces 

Armillaria pusillomyces (Peck) Kauffman, Kauffman, cited in Miller and Farr 

1975, Bib. Mycologica 44:31; cited in Graham, 1944, Mushrooms of the Great 

Lakes Region p. 174; We were unable to find the combination Armillaria 

pusillomyces (Peck) Kauffman in any of Kauffman’s publications. 

basionym: Agaricus (Lepiota) pusillomyces Peck, Peck 1876, NY State Mus 

Rept. 28:48 

accepted name: = Cyscolepiota pusillomyces (Peck) Redhead, Redhead 1987, 

Canad J. Bot. 65(8): 1555 

h Lepiota pusillomyces (Peck) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:48 


putrida 

Armillaria putrida (Scop.) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10(l):39 

basionym: Agaricus putridus Scop., Scopoli 1772, Flora Carniolica Plantas 

Camiolae Indigenas 2:420 

accepted name: nomen ambiguum, fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, 

Mycotaxon 30: 112, who say description is "too vague to be sure" which species 

is represented 

= Armillaria mellea sensu lato; fide A.H. Smith 1949, Mushrooms in their 

Natural Habitats p.348 

= Armillaria solidipes Peck, Peck 1900, q.v.; fide Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 

10(l):39 

= Agaricus (Armillaria) melleorubens Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Berkeley and Curtis 

1868, J. Linn. Soc. 10:283; fide Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10(l):39 

radicata 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. radicata Peck, Peck 1892, NY State 

Mus Rept. 44:38 



radicata 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. radicata McIlvaine & Macadam. 

McIlvaine and Macadam 1900, p. 56 

accepted name: nomen invalidum, ICBN Art. 64.1, later homonym of Armillaria 

mellea Vahl var. radicata Peck, Peck 1892, NY State Mus Rept. 44:38; fide 

Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace 

BRNO p. 33, this is a radicating form of A.mellea s.1. 

Although McIlvaine and Macadam knew of Peck’s other varieties (e.g. var. 

exannulata) and cited them, they did not list Peck as authority for this variety, 

and it must be assumed they intended to publish a new variety. 


97

98 

ramentacea 

Armillaria ramentacea (Bull.:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Quélet Champ. Jura 


basionym: Agaricus ramentaceus Bull., Bulliard 1812, Champ. p.640 t. 595 fig 

3 

accepted name: h Tricholoma ramentaceum (Bull.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, 

Die Blätterpilze p.338 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) ramentaceus Bull.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I p. 21 

h Armillaria ramentacea (Bull.:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 


= Agaricus ambiguus Lasch, Lasch 1828, Linnaea 3 n.36; fide Saccardo 1887, 


= Agaricus (Lepiota) ochrolaniatus Secr., Secretau 1833, Mycog. Suisse. nr. 47; 

nomen invalidum Secretan names not accepted, ICBN Art. 23.6(c) Ex. 10; fide 

Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:76 

NOT Agaricus ramentaceus sensu Britzelm., Britzelmayr 1891, Hym. Südbayern 

nr. 402 [ = Tricholoma cingulatum (Ft.) Jacobasch q.v.; fide Stangl and 

Bresinsky, 1967, Zeits. Pilz. 33:34] 

NOT Armillaria ramentacea sensu Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 78 [ = Tricholoma 

cingulatum (Fr.) Jacobasch q.v.; fide Bon 1984, Encyclopedia Mycologique 36: 

155; fide Riva 1988, Fungi Europaei: Tricholoma p. 2441 

NOT Tricholoma ramentaceum sensu Romagn., Romagnesi 1937, original not 

seen ( h Tricholoma romagnesii Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:82) 

NOT Agaricus rumentaceus Krombh., Krombholz 1836, Naturget. Abb. 

Schwämme Taf. 25, f. 21-25 [ = Cystoderma carcharios (Pers.) Fayod, q.v.; 

fide Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p. 36 [ as "Agaricus carcharias" ]; fide Saccardo 

1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:46 [ as "Lepiota carcharias" ] 

raphanica 

Armillaria raphanica Murrill, Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35: 422 

accepted name: = Lentinula boryana (Berk. & Mont.) Pegler, Pegler 1975, 

Kavaka 3:19; fide Singer 1946, Lloydia 9:124 (as Lentinus cubensis Berk. & 

M.A. Curtis, Berkeley and Curtis 1869, J. Linn. Soc. 10:302, a later name for 

this species, fide Pegler 1983, World Monogr. Lentinus p.228) 


hacophora 

Armillaria rhacophora (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:78 

basionym: Agaricus (Tricholoma) rhacophorus Berk. & Broome, Berkeley and 

Broome 1871, J. Linn. Soc. 11:514 


fide Berkeley and Broom 1871, loc. cit., this species is "allied to A.impolitus" 

now considered a synonym of Tricholoma sulphurescens Bres., so this species 

probably belongs in the genus Tricholoma 

rhagadiosa 

Armillaria rhagadiosa (Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1873, Champ. Jura Vosques 

supplement 2, in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard 5: 338 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) rhagadiosus Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Mycol. I p. 

30 

accepted name: = Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.:Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, Redhead 

and Ginns 1985, Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 26:357; fide Watling et al., 1991 

Armillaria Root Disease p. 6 (as Lentinus lepideus) 

h Armillaria rhagadiosa (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:80, 


h Clitocybe rhagadiosa (Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p.363, nr. 

1076 (as rhagodiosa) 

h Collybia mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Emel ssp. rhagadiosa (Fr.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le 


Art. 34.1(b) 

NOT Armillaria rhagadiosa sensu Rick 1920, Broteria Ser. Bot. 18(2):52; fide 

Singer 1953, Lilloa 26:57, the species called this name by Rick is Ripartitella 

brasiliensis (Speg.) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:452 

rhizopoda, Armillaria SEE rhizopus 

rhizopus 

Armillaria rhizopus (Cooke) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:79 [as 

"Armillaria rhizopoda" ] 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) rhizopus Cooke, Cooke 1886, Grev. 14:89 


fide Cooke 1886, loc. cit., this species has a "pileus 1-2 in., stem 2-3 in. long 

and 1/4 in. thick, and is mostly attached to roots of grasses, sedges, etc." Its 

small size and habitat indicate this is not likely a true Armillaria species. Its 

proper disposition is unknown. 


99

100 

rhodomala 

Armillaria rhodomala (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:78 

basionym: Agaricus rhodomalus Berk. & Broome, Berkeley and Broome 1871, 

J. Linn. Soc. 11:514 

accepted name: = Gymnopilus sp.; fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 

10:81 

rhombosporum 

Armillaria rhombosponun (G.F. Atk.) Kauffman, Kauffman 1924, Pap. Mich. 

Acad. Sci. 4:317 

basionym: Lepiota rhombospora G.F. Atk., Atkinson 1918, Proc. Am. Phil. 

Soc. 57:356 

accepted name: h Flammulaster rhombosporus (G.F. Atk.) Watling, Watling 

1967, Notes Roy. Bot. Gdn. Edinburgh 28: 67; fide Scott Redhead (Pers. 

Comm.) 

h Flammulaster carpophilus (Fr.) Earle var. rhombosporus (G.F. Atk.) 

Vellinga, Vellinga 1986, Persoonia 13:10 

h Cystoderma rhombosporum (G.F. Atk.) A.H. Smith & Singer, Smith and 

Singer (1944) 1945, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 30: 99 

h Phaeomarasmius rhombosporus (G.F. Atk.) Malloch & Redhead, Malloch and 

Redhead 1979, Fungi Canadense 142 

h Naucoria rhombospora (G.F. Atk.) J. Favre, Favre 1948. Mat. Fl. Crypt. 

Suisse X, 3: 144 

h Flocculina rhombosporum (G.F. Atk.) P.D. Orton, Orton 1960. Trans. Brit. 

Mycol. Soc. 43:175 

rickenii 

Armillaria rickenii Bohus, Bohus 1970, Botanikai Kozlemenyck 57(1):16 

accepted name: h Floccularia rickenii (Bohus) Wasser ex Bon, Bon 1990, 

Documents Mycologiques 20 (no. 79): 57 

h Floccularia rickenii (Bohus) Wasser, Wasser 1974, Nov. Syst. vyssh Rast 

1974: 167; fide IF 5:83, this species not validly published, no full name of author 

and orig. publication of basionym (Wasser cited the page munbers incorrectly) 

= Tricholoma luteovirens ss. Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p. 330; fide Moser 

1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti p. 150 

Wasser’s name has also been transliterated as Vasser. 


ioussetii 

Armillariella rioussetii Josserand, Josserand 1977, Kew Bull. 31(3):525. 


From the description this appears to be mycorrhizal, not an Armillaria species. 

roblinensis 

Armillaria roblinensis Velen., Velenovský 1939, Novitates Mycol. p. 78 

accepted name: = Armillaria cepistipes Velen., Velenovský 1920, C - 

eske 

Houby, Dil II:283; fide Antonín 1990, Acta Mus Moraviae Sci. Nat. 75: 131; 

but fide Marxmüller 1992, Mycotaxon 44:271 this is a nomen ambiguum 

roborosa 

Armillaria roborosa (Britzelm.) Sacc. & Syd., Saccardo and Sydow 1899, 


basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) roborosus Britzelm., Britzelmayr 1895, Hymen. 

Kunde p.1 f.658 

accepted name: = Tricholoma caligatum (Viv.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, q.v.; fide 

Stangl and Bresinsky, 1967, Zeits. Pilz. 33:33 

robusta 

Armillaria robusta (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 81 

basionym: Agaricus robustus Alb. & Schwein., Albertini and Schweinitz 1805, 

Conspectus Fungorum no. 415 p. 147 

accepted name: h Tricholoma robustum (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 

1914, Die Blätterpilze p.332; fide Watling et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease 

p.6; although Ricken had a different concept of the species than Albertini & 

Schweinitz (see below), this combination in Tricholoma is valid. 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) robustus Alb. & Schwein.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I 

p. 26 

h Armillaria robusta (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:74, superfluous comb. 

h Armillaria robusta (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1875, Quél. Jura 

Champ. Jura Vosques suppl. III, in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard, 5:433, 


Note: Tricholoma robustum sensu Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p.332 is 

the same as Tricholoma subannulatum (Batsch) Ricken non Peck, q.v.; fide 

Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:75; fide Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and 

Boleti p. 123 

romagnesii, Tricholoma SEE ramentacea 


101

102 

rufa 

Armillaria rufa Quél., Quélet 1881, Jura Suppl. 10, in C.R. Ass. Fr. Av. Sci. 

9:661. 

basionym: Armillaria rufa Quél., Quélet 1881, Jura Suppl. 10, in C.R. Ass. Fr. 

Av. Sci. 9661 [based on a fungus described by Battara, the identity of which 

Quélet did not indicate, although it is probably Sphaerocephalus rufus Battara, 

Battara 1755 t. 8 F, but in any case Battara names are not accepted. ICBN 

Art.23.6(c) Ex. 10 ] 

accepted name: = Tricholoma focale (Ft.) Ricken, q.v.; fide Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p. 332; fide Lindau and Ulbrich 1928, Kryptogamenflora für 

Anfänger p. 351; fide Riva 1988, Fungi Europaei: Tricholoma p. 403; 

Sphaerocephalus rufus Battara, Battara 1755 t. 8 F is also cited by Fries 1838, 

Epicr. p. 20, as a synonym of Agaricus focalis Fr. 

= Agaricus (Armillaria) causetta Barla, Barla 1859, Champ. Nice. p. 16 t. 9 & 

10 f. 4-7; fide Quélet 1881, loc. cit. 

h Tricholoma rufum (Quél.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.75, 


rugoso-reticulata 

Armillaria rugoso-reticulata (FLorinser) Zeller, Zeller 1933, Mycologia 25:378 

basionym: Agaricus (Lepiota) rugoso-reticulatus F.Lorinser, Lorinser 1879, 

Oest. Bot. Zeitschrift 29:23 

accepted name: h Cystoderma rugosoreticulatum (F.Lorinser) Wasser, Wasser 

1978, Ukr. bot. Zh. 35(5): 518 

h Cystoderma amianthinum (Scop.:Fr.) Fayod var. typicum f. rugosoreticulatum 

(FLorinser) A.H. Smith & Singer, Smith and Singer 1944 (1945), Pap. Mich. 

Acad. Sci. 30: 110 

Wasser’s name has also been transliterated as Vasser. 

sajor-caju, Lentinus SEE dactyliophora 

saltensis 

Armillaria saltensis Speg., Spegazzini 1899, Anales de1 Museo National de 


accepted name: nomen dubium fide Singer 1952, Sydowia 6:345, no extant type, 

not an Armillaria species 


saviczii 

Armillaria saviczii (Singer) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V 


basionym: Armillariella saviczii Singer, Singer 1938, Bot. Mater. ( Not. Sys. 

Sect. Crypt. Inst. Acad. Scient. URSS), vol 4 fasc 10-12: p.6 (not seen, 

redescribed in Singer 1956, Lloydia 19(3):178) 


fide Romagnesi and Marxmüller 1983, Bull. Mycol. Soc. France 99:301-324, this 

may be identical to Armillaria cepistipes f. pseudobulbosa q.v.; fide 

Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30:113, this "may very well not fit 

into one of Korhonen’s species, if it belongs to A.mellea agg. at all" 

schreieri 

Armillaria schreieri (Maire & Konrad) Zerov in Zerov & Peresipkin, Zerov & 

Peresipkin 1979, Viznachnik Gribiv Ukraini [Guide to the fungi of the Ukraine] 

5, Basidiomycetes (2):288; invalid comb., no full reference to basionym given. 

ICBN Art. 33 

basionym: h Squamanita schreieri Imbach ex Imbach, Imbach 1946, Mitt. 

Naturf. Ges. Luzern 16:83 

accepted name: h Squamanita schreieri Imbach ex Imbach, Imbach 1946, loc. 

cit.; fide Singer 1962, Agaricales p. 242 

Imbach 1942, Schweiz. Zeits. Pilzk. 20: 130,152, had earlier mentioned this 

species as "Squamamanita schreieri Imbach," but this genus name is not validly 

published since it is a nomen nudum [no Latin description, invalid ICBN Art. 

36.11 However Imbach’s (1942) epithet should be treated as a "protonym" for 

Imbach’s (1946) later epithet. (ICBN Art. 68.1). There is some controversy 

surrounding the authority citation for this name, which is often cited as 

"Squamanita schreieri Imbach," Imbach 1946, Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Luzern 16:83; 

e.g. fide Bas 1965, Persoonia 3:337; fide Redhead et al. 1994, Canad. J. Bot. 

72: 1817. 

h Tricholoma schreieri Maire & Konrad, Maire 1945, Bulletin Soc. Hist. 

Naturelle de 1’Afrique du Nord 36: 27. This name is legitimate and validly 

published, but the epithet may only be used in the genus Tricholoma. Maire and 

Konrad (1945) did not mention Imbach’s 1942 description, and we assume they 

did not know of it. All these authors named the species after Schreier, who had 

illustrated the species as Tricholoma X (Schreier 1938, Schweiz. Zeits. 

Pilzkunde, 7:97-100). 


103

104 

scruposa 

Armillaria scruposa (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 81 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) scruposus Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p.22 

accepted name: = Limacella furnacea (Letell.) E.J. Gilbert, Gilbert, La Spore 

Champ. p. 96; fide Gilbert 1928, Bull. Mycol. Soc. Fr. 44:165 

sinapina 

Armillaria sinapina Bérubé & Dessur., Bérubé & Dessurealt 1988, Can. J. Bot. 

66:2030 

accepted name: h Armillaria sinapina Bérubé & Dessur., Bérubé & Dessurealt 

1988, loc. cit. 

North American Biological Species V 

singula 

Armillaria singula Cha & Igarashi, in Cha, Sung, and Igarashi 1994, 

Mycoscience 35:45 

accepted name: h Armillaria singula Cha & Igarashi, in Cha, Sung, and 

Igarashi 1994, loc. cit. 

singularis 

Armillariella singularis (Höhn.) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 22:216 

basionym: Aeruginospora singularis Höhn., Höhnel 1908, Frag. zur Mykol. 

nr. 172 p. 1011 

accepted name: h Camarophyllus singularis (Höhn.) Singer, Singer 1973, Beih. 

Sydowia 7:3 


socialis 

Armillaria socialis (DC: Fr.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V 


basionym: Agaricus socialis DC, deCandolle 1815, Flora Francais 6:48 


Watling et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease p. 5, adopted this name for a 

European exannulate species of Armillaria. Because of the confusion surrounding 

the exact identity of deCandolle’s species and the fact that Fries considered it at 

different times in two tribes (Flammula and Collybia) characterized by different 

spore colors, it is best considered a nomen dubium. 

h Agaricus (Flammula) socialis DC:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 1:251. Fries 

placed this species in Ser. Cortinarius ("sporid. ferruginea" p.10), tribe 

Flammula with Agaricus alnicola, A. flavidus, A. ilicinus, and A. astragalinus, 

all now considered members of the genus Pholiota. 

h Clitocybe socialis (DC:Fr.) Bigeard & Guillemin, Bigeard and Guillemin 

1913, Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de France p. 83. Invalid ICBN Art. 

64.1, later homonym of Clitocybe socialis (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 

159 

= Armillaria tabescens (Swp.) Emel, q.v.; Agaricus socialis DC was considered 

a synonym of Agaricus tabescens Scop. by Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p. 111. In any 

case Scopoli’s (1772) epithet is older than DeCandolle’s (1815). 

NOT Agaricus (Clitocybe) socialis Fr., Fries 1867, Icon. t.49 f.2; see also Hym. 

Eur. p. 83, p. 111 . Illegitimate ICBN Art. 64.1 --later homonym of Agaricus 

socialis DC 1815, q.v. and Agaricus socialis DC:Fr., Fries 1821 loc. cit. 

[ h Clitocybe socialis (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 159, h Clitocybe 

socialis (Fr.) P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandanviska 

halföns Hattsvampar p. 61, superfluous comb.] 


105

106 

solidipes 

Armillaria solidipes Peck, Peck 1900, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 27(12):611 

accepted name: h Armillaria solidipes Peck, Peck 1900, loc. cit. We examined 

the type specimen, FH, this is a true Armillaria species, but it is not known 

whether it is conspecific with any other Armillaria species. 

= Armillaria putrida (Scop.) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10(1):39, 

fide Murrill 1914, loc. cit. ; fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 

30: 113, A.putrida is a nomen ambiguum 

h Armillariella solidipes (Peck) T.J. Baroni, Baroni 1981, Mycologia 73(1):186 

NOT Agaricus solidipes Peck, Peck 1904, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 31:180 

NOT Lepiota solidipes Peck, Peck 1899, Bull. N.Y. State Mus. 5:647 

[ h Limacella solidipes (Peck) H.V. Smith, H.V. Smith 1944 (1945), Pap. Mich. 

Acad. Sci. 30: 142 ] 

solitaria, Amanita SEE echinocephala and strobiliformis 

sparrei 

Armillaria sparrei (Singer) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V 


basionym: Armillariella sparrei Singer, Singer 1956, Lloydia 19: 183 

accepted name: h Armillaria sparrei (Singer) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká 

Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.43; fide Garrido 

1985, Index Agaricalium Chilensium, Bib. Mycologica 99124 

h Armillaria sparrei (Singer) Kile & Watling, Kile & Watling 1983, Trans. 

Brit. Mycol. Soc. 81(1):136, superfluous comb. 


spongiosa 

Armillaria spongiosa P.Karst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 

Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p. 23. 

basionym: Armillaria spongiosa P.Karst., Karsten 1879, loc. cit., treated as a 

nomen novum (Karsten cited this species as "Armillaria spongiosa (Fr.) 

P.Karst.," but his basionym, presumably Agaricus (Pleurotus) spongiosus Fr., is 

illegitimate. see below) 

accepted name: h Pleurotus spongiosus (P.Karst.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, 

Sylloge Fungorum 5:340, [as "(Fr.) Sacc. " ] 

h Agaricus (Pleurotus) spongiosus Fr., Fries 1838, Epicr. p. 130, is presumably 

a nomen novum for the cited species Lasch nr. 548, (in Linnaea 1829), which is 

Agaricus pulvinatus Pers., Persoon 1801, Syn. Meth. Fung. p. 370. The new 

name, Agaricus spongiosus Fr.. is illegitimate (ICBN Art. 64.1) as a later 

homonym of Agaricus spongiosus Withering 1796? Arr. p. 200, (cited in Fries 

1821, Syst. Myc. 1:212 as a synonym for Agaricus brunneus Fr.; We have seen 

a redescription of Agaricus spongiosus in Withering’s fifth edition 1812 p. 235) 

Fries’ 1838 name is also a synonym of Agaricus spongiosus Schumach., 

Schumacher 1803, Enumeratio Plantarum p. 311 (cited in Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 

1:121 as a synonym for Agaricus butyraceus Fr.) 

squamea 

Armillaria squamea Barla, Barla 1887, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 3:139 

accepted name: = Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken, q.v.; fide Riva 1988, Fungi 

Europaei: Tricholoma p. 403 

h Collybia mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Emel f. squamea (Barla) Emel, Emel 1921, Le 


Art. 34.1(b) 

Not an Armillaria; according to Barla’s description, this taxon has a relationship 

with Armillaria robusta and A. causetta, now considered to be in Tricholoma, 

and with A. imperialis, now in Catathelasma 

squamosa 

Armillaria squamosa Massee, Massee 1908, Bull. Bot. Gard. Kew 1:1908 p. 2. 

accepted name: h Amanita squamosa (Massee) Comer & Bas, Comer and Bas 

1962, Persoonia 2(3):262 


107

108 

squamosidisca 

Armillaria squamosidisca (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1944, Mycologia 36: 122 

basionym: Marasmius squamosidiscus Murrill, Murrill 1940, Bull. Torr. Bot. 

Club 67: 151 

accepted name: = Ripartitella brusiliensis (Speg.) Singer, Singer 1949 (1951), 

Lilloa 22:452; fide Pegler 1983, World Monogr. Lentinus p. 235 

= Lentodium floridanum Murrill, Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35:426; fide Murrill 

1944, Mycologia 36:122; fide Singer 1946, Lloydia 9: 128 [ h Lentinus floridanus 

(Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1943, Mycologia 35:433, alternative name in same 

publication] 

h Ripartitella squamosidisca (Murrill) Singer, Singer 1946, Lloydia 9: 128 ; fide 

Hongo 1977, Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo 10:35 

sterilis 

Armillaria edodes (Berk.) Sacc. forma sterilis Iwade, Iwade 1944, Bull. Tokyo. 

Univ. For. 33: 56 

accepted name: h Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Pegler 1975, Kavaka 3:20 

h Cortinellus edodes (Berk.) Sawada forma sterilis Iwade, 1944, Bull. Tokyo. 

Univ. For. 33:56 [alternative name on the same page] 

stipitis, Agaricus SEE mellea 

straminea 

Armillaria straminea (Krombh.) P.Kumm., Kummer 1871, Führ. Pilz. p.134 

basionym: Agaricus stramineus Krombh., Krombholz 1836, Naturget. Abb. 

Schwämme Taf. 25, Bild 8-14, p. 12-13 

accepted name: = Floccularia luteovirens (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Pouzar, 

Pouzar 1957, C - 

eská Mykol. 11:49; fide Singer 1962, Agaricales in Modem 

Taxonomy p.304; fide Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:75 

h Floccularia straminea (Krombh.) Pouzar, Pouzar 1957, C - 

eská Mykol. 11:50 

There is some controversy over whether F.luteovirens truly represents the same 

tazon described by Krombholz, although most authors have placed them in 

synonymy. 


stobiliformis 

Amilluria strobiliformis (Paulet ex Vittad.) Locq., Locquin 1952, Bull. trimest. 

Soc. Mycol. France 68:167. no description or indication of new sp. or comb. 

basionym: Hypophyllum strobilifome Paulet, Paulet 1812-35, Iconogr. Champ. 

pl. 162 fig 1 [generic name not validly published fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:519] 

accepted name: h Amanita strobiliformis (Paulet ex Vittad.) Bertillon, Bertillon 

1866 (1869 according to title page), in Dechambre. Diet. Encycl. Sci. médic. I 

3:499; fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:519 

h Agaricus strobilifomis Paulet ex Vittad., Vittadini 1832, Descr. Funghi 

Manger. p.59 p1.2 

h Amanita strobiliformis (Paulet ex Vittad.) Quél., Quélet 1872, Champ. Jura 

Vosques I in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:68, superfluous comb. 

h Amanita solitaria (Bull.:Fr.) Mérat var. strobiliformis (Paulet ex Vittad.) 

Costantin & Dufour, Costantin and Dufour 189 1, Nouvelle Flore des 

Champignons ed. 1 (Paris, France: P.Dupont) p.3; fide Bas 1969 Persoonia 

5:519, this is a misapplied name. 


109

110 

subannulata 

Armillaria subannulata (Batsch) Quél., Quélet 1875, p. 541; plate I t.4; p. 549 

basionym: Agaricus subannulatus Batach, Batsch 1783, Elenchus Fungorum p.76 

accepted name: h Tricholoma subannulatum (Batsch) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p.333; this name was published and accepted by Ricken 1914, loc. 

cit., and has nomenclatural priority over Tricholoma subannulatum (Murrill) 

Zeller, Zeller 1922, q.v. 

h Tricholoma subannulatum (Batsch) Bres., Bresadola 1927, Icon. Mycol. 2: 

Tab 63.) superfluous comb. 

h Tricholoma subannulatum (Batsch) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria 


h Tricholoma albo-brunneum (Pers.) Ricken var. subannulata (Batsch) Lucand, 

Lucand 1880, Figures Peintes de Champignons de la France, fig. 35-353 

= Tricholoma fracticum (Britzelm.) Kreissel, Kreisel 1984, Feddes. Repert. 95 

(9-10): 700; fide Gulden 1992, Nordic Macromycetes 2: 186. 

= Tricholoma batschii Gulden, Gulden 1969, Musseronflora Slekten. Tricholoma 

(Fr. ex Fr.) Kummer sensu lato (Agaricales) Oslo-Bergen-Tromse; nomen novum 

for this species when Tricholoma subannulatum (Peck) Zeller, 1922, was thought 

to have nomenclatural priority over Tricholoma subannulatum (Batach) Bres., 

1927 

= Tricholoma robustum (Alb. & Schwein.:Fr.) Ricken, ss. Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p.332; fide Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:75; fide Moser 

1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti p. 123 

NOT Armillaria subannulata Peck, Peck 1909, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 36:330, 

q.v. [ h Tricholoma subannulatum (Murrill) Zeller, Zeller 1922, q.v.] 


subannulata 

Armillaria subannulata Peck, Peck 1909, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 36:330. 

Illegitimate name ICBN Art. 64.1. later homonym of Armillaria subannulata 

(Batsch) Quél., q.v. 

basionym: Armillaria subannulata Peck, Peck 1909, lot. cit. 


Kristen M. Shanks (Duke Univ., Pers. Comm.) has studied the type specimens of 

Armillaria subannulata Peck and Tricholoma californicum (Murrill) Murrill 

[Murrill 1913, Mycologia 5:223] These two species are synonyms fide Murrill 

1914, N. Amer. Flora 10: 30. Both belong in the genus Tricholoma, but the type 

specimens are in such poor condition that it is not possible to determine if these 

species are conspecific. If conspecific, Tricholoma californicum would be the 

correct name for this species, since it is the earliest available epithet in 

Tricholoma. If the two type specimens represent different species Armillaria 

subannulata Peck would need a new name in Tricholoma, because Tricholoma 

subannulatum (Batsch) Ricken (1914) has priority over Tricholoma subannulatum 

(Murrill) Zeller, Zeller 1922, q.v. 

h Melanoleuca subannulata Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10:30; 

treated as a nomen novum for Armillaria subannulata Peck, q.v., an illegitimate 

name; see Murrill 1914, loc. cit. for other synonyms 

h Tricholoma subannulatum (Murrill) Zeller, Zeller 1922, Mycologia 19: 187; 

Petrak 1922-28 p. 674, Illegitimate ICBN Art. 64.1, later homonym of 

Tricholoma subannulatum (Batsch) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p.333, 

q.v. 

NOT Armillaria subannulata (Batsch) Quél., Quélet 1875, p. 541; plate I t.4; p. 

549, q.v. 


111

112 

subcaligata 

Armillaria subcaligata A.H. Smith & P.M. Rea, Smith and Rea 1944, Mycologia 

36:128 

basionym: Armillaria subcaligata A.H. Smith & P.M. Rea, Smith and Rea 

1944, Mycologia 36:128 

accepted name: h Amanita subcaligata (A.H. Smith & P.M. Rea) A.H. Smith 

ex Tulloss, comb. nov. Rod Tulloss (Pers. Comm.) has examined the type of this 

species and believes it belongs in the genus Amanita. He has agreed to publish 

the new combination here. A formal redescription of the species will be published 

later (Tulloss, Pers. Comm.). Smith made the combination in an unfinished and 

unpublished manuscript on Amanita, currently being revised by Tulloss; This 

fulfills the tenets of ICBN Recommendation 50A.2, and thus "the word ‘ex’ 

should be used in citations to connect the names of the two authors. " 

h Floccularia subcaligata (A.H. Smith & P.M. Rea) Bon, Bon 1991, 

Documents Mycologiques 21 (no. 81) :55 

h Amanita subcaligata (A.H. Smith & P.M. Rea) A.H. Smith; Smith made this 

combination in an unfinished and unpublished manuscript, and thus is not validly 

published; fide Smith 1979, Beih. Sydowia 8:375, this taxon probably belongs in 

the genus Amanita but formal combination not made. 

subcava 

Armillaria subcava (Schumach.:Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 76 

basionym: Agaricus subcava Schumach., Schumacher 1803, Enumeratio 

Plantarum p.262; redescribed by Schumacher 1825, Fl. Dan. t. 1843 

accepted name: not known; fide Watling et al. Armillaria Root Disease p.6, 

probably a Limacella ; fide Scott Redhead, Pers. Comm., almost certainly not a 

Limacella 

h Agaricus (Armillaria) subcavus Schumach.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. 1 p. 

28 

h Armillaria subcava (Schumach.:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, superfluous comb. 

h Clitocybe subcava (Schumach.:Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze 

p.363; nr. 1077 

h Armillaria subconcava "Schum.-Ricken", as cited by Kauffman 1923, Pap. 

Mich. Acad. Sci. 2:59. Orthographic error in epithet by Kauffman. 

subconcava, Armillaria SEE subcava 


subcinerescens 

Armillaria subcinerescens Rick, Rick 1961, Iheringa Sér. Bot. 8:307 


NOT Tricholoma subcinerescens Rick, Rick 1937, Lilloa 1:313 

Rick makes no mention of this species having an annulus. No further information 

is available regarding this taxon. 

subdehiscens 

Armillaria subdehiscens (Britzelm.) Sacc., Saccardo 1895, Sylloge Fungorum 

11:8 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) subdehiscens Britzelm., Britzelmayr 1891, 

Hym. Südbayr. VII pl. 1 f.325,422 

accepted name: = Tricholoma aurantium (Schaeff.:Fr.) Ricken, q.v.; fide 

Stangl and Bresinsky 1967, Zeits. Pilz. 33:33 

subimperialis 

Armillaria subimperialis (Britzelm.) Sacc., Saccardo 1895, Sylloge Fungorum 

11:7 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) subimperialis Britzelm., Britzelmayr 1891, 

Hym. Südbayr. IX p.2 f.138469 

accepted name: = Catathelasma imperiale (Fr.) Singer q.v.; fide Stangl and 

Bresinsky, 1967, Zeits. Pilz. 33:33 

subpessundatum, Tricholoma SEE badicephala 

sulfurea 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. sulfurea (Weinm.) PKarst., Karsten 

1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p.22 

basionym: ?Agaricus melleus var. sulfureus Weinm., Weimnann 1836, Hymeno 

& Gasteromycetes hucusque in imperio Rossico observanti. Saint-Pétersbourg. -original 

not seen, cited in Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och den 

Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p.22; cited in Bigeard and Guillemin 1909, p. 

69; cited in P.M. Rea 1922, Brit. Basidiomycetae p. 109. We are unsure of the 

basionym for this species. 


fide Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace 

BRNO p. 33, this is a yellow-gilled form of Amellea s.1. 

sulphurescens, Tricholoma SEE rhacophora 


113

114 

tabescens 

Armillaria tabescens (Swp.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria Fr., sa 

suppression de la systématiqué bot. Thése. Université de Strasbourg, p. 50. 

basionym: Agaricus tabescens Scop., Scopoli 1772, Flora Camiolica Plantas 

Camiolae Indigenas no. 1537, p.446. [ As the basis for his species, Scopoli cited 

Haller 1753, Enumeratio plantarum horti regii et agri., but this work is pre- 

Linnean (see Fuchs, 1963, Taxon 12:205) and the names in it are invalid (ICBN 

Art. 13. Id); fide Donald Pfister, Pers. Comm. ] 

accepted name: h Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Emel, Emel 1921, loc. cit. This 

combination is legitimate and validly published (see introduction to this paper). 

[ Although this is sometimes cited as "Armillaria tabescens (Scop.:Fr.) Emel," 

Fries should not be cited as validating Scopoli’s name because the date for valid 

publication is 1753 (ICBN Art. 13.ld). Moreover, Fries did not mention 

Agaricus tabescens until Fries 1838, Epicrisis p. 33.1 

h Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Dennis, Orton & Hora, Dennis Orton & Hora 

1960, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. suppl. p. 18. Although Dennis et al. did not 

claim to be making a new combination, the species has been cited with them as 

the authorities for the combination. However, their combination is superfluous. 

h Agaricus (Tricholoma) tabescens Scop. ex Fr., Fries 1838, Epicrisis p. 33. 

h Agaricus (Collybia) tabescens Scop. ex Fr., Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p. 111 

h Armillariella tabescens (Scop.) Singer, Singer 1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:19 

h Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Bres., Bresadola 1900, Fungi Tridentini 2:84; fide 

Ricken 1914, Die Blätterpilze p.383; fide Dennis, Orton, & Hora 1960 Trans. 

Brit. Mycol. Soc. supplement 1960, the new combination was made by Bresadola 

in 1928, but this reference is incorrect 

h Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Boud., Boudier 1904, Iwnes Mycologicae t. 1 pl. 

61, text Icones Mycologicae t.4 p. 31, superfluous comb. 

h Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. tabescens (Scowp.) P.M. Rea & 

Ramsb., Rea and Ramsbottom 1917, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 5:352 

h Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. tabescens (Scop.) P.M. Rea, Rea 

1922, Brit. Basidiomycet., p. 110, superfluous combination 

h Collybia mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Emel ssp. tabescens (Scop.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le 


Art. 34.1(b) 

= Armillaria socialis (DC) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V 

Brné. Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.44 [ as "(DC:Fr.) Herink" ] sensu 

Watling et al., 1991, Armillaria Root Disease p. 5; fide Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. 

p. 111, but see discussion under socialis. 

= Lentinus caespitosus Berk., Berkeley 1868, Lond. Jour. Bot. 6:317; fide 

Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3: 13; fide Pegler 1983, World Monogr. Lentinus 

p. 224. [ h Agaricus caespitosus (Berk.) Berk. & M.A. Curtis, h Pleurotus 

caespitosus (Berk.) Sacc., h Monadelphus caespitosus (Berk.) Murrill ] 


= Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. exannulata Peck, Peck 1893, NY 

State Mus. Rept. State Botanist 46: 134; fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:13 

= Clitocybe aquatica Banning in Peck, Peck 1892, Ann. Rept. NY State Mus. 

44: 180; fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3: 13; fide Bigelow 1985, Beih. Nov. 

Hedw. 81:425 

= Clitocybe parasitica Wilcox, Wilcox 1901, Bull. Oklahoma Exp. Sta. 49: 18; 

fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:13 

= Armillaria gymnopodia (Bull.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.52; 

fide Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p.52; fide Bresadola 1900, Fungi Tridentini 

II fasc. 14 p. 251. 

= Agaricus monadelphus Morgan, Morgan 1883, J. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. 

6:69; fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3: 13; See additional discussion under 

monadelpha. 

terreii, Cystoderma SEE cinnabarina, granulosa 

tigrensis 

Armillariella tigrensis (Singer) Raithelh., Raithelhuber 1983, Metrodiana 

Sonderheft 2:3 

basionym: Armillariella puiggarii (Speg.) Singer subsp. tigrensis Singer, Singer 

1970, Flora Neotropica Monogr. 3:8 

accepted name: h Armillaria tigrensis (Singer) Volk & Burdsall comb. nov. ; 

Until cultures are obtained and studied this must be considered a separate species 

of Armillaria. We interpret the description as a true Armillaria species and 

provide the appropriate new combination. 

tumescens 

Armillaria tumescens (Viv.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:80 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) tumescens Viv., Viviani 1834, Funghi d’Italia t. 

31 p. 35-36 


Description and picture do not appear to be a true Armillaria, annulate, pale 

orange to buff gills; fide Saccardo 1887, loc. cit., "habitus Tricholomatis" 


115

116 

tympanitica 

Armillaria tympanitica (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge 

Fungorum 5:86 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) tympaniticus Berk. & M.A. Curtis, Berkeley 

and Curtis 1858, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. Boston 4:111 (also cited as N. Pac. 

exp. n.4) 


Berkeley and Curtis 1858, loc. cit., indicate that taxon is "allied to A.mucidus" 

q.v. now placed in Oudemansiella; No further information is available regarding 

this taxon. 

umbilicata 

Armillaria umbilicata (Pat.) Sacc. & Syd., Saccardo and Sydow 1902, Sylloge 


basionym: Armillariella umbilicata Pat., Patouillard 1899, Bull. Soc. Mycol. 

France 15:191 


No further information is available regarding this taxon. Patouillard’s description 

suggests this is a true Armillaria with affinities to Armillaria melleo-rubens 

(Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc. q.v. Its true disposition is not known. 

umbonata 

Armillaria umbonata (Sumst.) Murrill, Murrill 1914, N. Amer. Flora 10(l):38 

basionym: Vaginata umbonata Sumst., Sumstine 1914, Mycologia 6:35 

accepted name: h Squamanita umbonata (Sumst.) Bas, Bas 1965, Persoonia 

3:33; fide Redhead et al. 1994, Canad. J. Bot. 72:1817 

umbrinobrunnea 

Armillariella montagnei Singer var. umbrinobrunnea Singer, Singer 1956, 

Lloydia 19:183 

accepted name: = Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká 

Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V Brné Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p.42; fide 

Garrido, 1985, Index Agaricalium Chilensium, Bib. Mycologica 99:23 [as "A. 

obscura" ]; fide Watling et al., 1991, Armillaria Root Disease, p.5, (as var. 

umbrinolutea Singer, see below) 

h Armillariella montagnei Singer var. umbrinolutea Singer, cited in Watling et 

al. 1991, see below. 


umbrinolutea 

Armillariella montagnei Singer var. umbrinolutea Singer, cited in Watling et al. 

1991, Armillaria root disease p.5 as a synonym of Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) 

Herink. This taxon does not exist. It is an orthographic variant of 

Armillariella montagnei Singer var. umbrinobrunnea Singer, Singer 1956, 

Lloydia 19:183 

basionym: none 

accepted name: = Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, q.v.; fide Watling et 

al., 1991, Armillaria Root Disease, p.5 

vagans 

Armillaria vagans (Fr.) Gillet, Gillet 1874, Les Hym. p. 82 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) vagans Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I p. 29 

(based on Fungus vagus alter Battara, Battara 1755 t.8 C D E; but Battara names 

are not accepted. ICBN Art.23.6(c) Ex. 10) 

accepted name: nomen dubium fide Watling et al. 1991, Armillaria Root Disease 

p. 6 

vara 

Armillaria vara (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:83 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) varus Berk., Berkeley 1850, Hooker’s J. Bot. 

2:45 nr. 246 

accepted name: nomen dubium fide Chandra and Watling 1981, Kavaka 10:76; 

fide Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:16, this is a synonym of Armillaria 

omnituens (Berk.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:84 

ventricosa 

Armillaria ventricosa (Peck) Peck, Peck 1907, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 34:104 

basionym: Lentinus ventricosus Peck, Peck 1896, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 23:414 

accepted name: h Catathelasma ventricosa (Peck) Singer, Singer 1940, Rev. 

Mycologie 5:9 

h Biannularia ventricosa (Peck) Pomerleau, Pomerleau 1980, Naturaliste Ca. 

107: 303 

h Biannularia ventricosa (Peck) Pomerl., Pomerleau 1980, Flore des Champ. 

Québec p. 308 nomen invalidum, ICBN Art. 33.2, basionym and reference not 

cited 


117

118 

verrucipes 

Armillaria verrucipes Fr. in Quél., Quélet 1872, Champ. Jura Vosques I in 


basionym: Armillaria verrucipes Fr. in Quél., Quélet 1872, Champ. Jura 

Vosques I in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:317 (cited in Fries 1874, Hym. 

Eur. p. 43, as "Quél. Jura p. 304 t.11 f. 1") 

accepted name: h Melanoleuca verrucipes (Fr. in Quél.) Singer, Singer 1935, 

Etude systématique de Melanoleuca d’Europe; original not seen, cited in Singer 

1943, Ann. Mycol. 41:52; fide Pomerleau 1980, Flore des Champ. Québec p. 

304; fide Moser 1983, Keys to Agarics and Boleti p. 147 

h Armillaria verrucipes (Fr. in Quél.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 


h Tricholoma verrucipes (Fr. in Quél.) Costantin & Dufour, Costantin & 

Dufour 1891, Nouvelle Flores Champignons, p. 13 

h Tricholoma verrucipes (Fr. in Quél.) Bres., Bresadola 1892, Fungi Tridentini 

2:5 no. 137, superfluous comb. 

h Tricholoma verrucipes (Fr. in Quél.) Bigeard & Guillemin, Bigeard and 

Guillemin 1909, Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de France p. 83, superfluous 

comb. 

h Clitocybe verrucipes (Fr. in Quél.) Emel, Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria 


= Clitocybe puellula (P.Karst.) PKarst., Karsten 1879, Rysslands, Finlands och 

den Skandanviska halföns Hattsvampar p. 65; fide Singer 1949 (1951), Lilloa 

22:249; fide Emel 1921, Le genre Armillaria p. 37; fide Bigeard and Guillemin 

1913, Flore des Champignons Supérieurs de France v. 2 p. 53 

versicolor 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. versicolor (With.:Fr.) W.G. Smith, 

Smith 1908, Synopsis British Basidiomycetes p.30 

basionym: Agaricus versicolor With., Withering 1812, Systematic arrangement 

of British Plants 4: 197. We have seen Withering’s species characterization in the 

Fifth edition of this work (1812); however, the fungus was likely initially 

described in one of the earlier editions in 1776, 1792, 1796, or 1801. 

accepted name: h Stropharia versicolor (With.:Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, 

Sylloge Fungorum 5: 1013 

h Agaricus (Stropharia) versicolor With.:Fr., Fries 1821, Syst. Myc. I p. 286 

This was cited in Rea 1922, Brit. Basidiomycetae p. 109, as "Armillaria mellea 

var. versicolor With. "; fide Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - 

de - 

lska V Brné. 

Vyznamenaná Rádem Prace BRNO p. 33, this is a "questionable" taxon. 


virginea 

Armillaria virginea Rick, Rick 1961, Iheringa Sér. Bot. 8:307 


Rick describes this species as "In horto ad terrum stercoratum" ---In a park on 

manured soil. The small spores ( 5-7 x 4µm) along with the habitat indicate this 

is probably not an Armillaria. No further information is available regarding this 

taxon. 

viridi-flava 

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P.Kumm. var. viridi-flava Barla, Barla 1887, Bull. 

Soc. Mycol. France 3:143 


fide Termorshuizen and Arnolds 1987, Mycotaxon 30: 113, Barla’s plate suggest 

A.mellea S.S. "except for strongly squamulose pileus" 

viridiflava 

Armillariella viridiflava Singer, Singer 1989, Fieldiana 21:12 

basionym: Armillariella viridiflava Singer, Singer 1989, Fieldiana 21:12 

accepted name: h Armillaria viridiflava (Singer) Volk & Burdsall, comb. nov. 

According to the description, this is a true species of Armillaria. Further testing 

of cultural and mating characteristics may reveal affinities to known species. fide 

Singer 1989, loc. cit., this may be same as A. mellea var. viridi-flava Barla q.v., 

but did not cite Barla’s taxon as the basionym. Rather, he described this- as a new 

species. 

viscidipes 

Armillaria viscidipes Peck, Peck 1892, NY State Museum Rept. State Botanist 

44: 128 


Thiers & Sundberg 1976, Madroño 23 (8): 451, believe that this species is 

closely related to "Armillaria ponderosa"; Kauffman 1923, Pap. Mich. Acad. 

Sci. 2:62 described the spores as "delicately rough-punctate" ; from all 

description appears to be a mycorrhizal fungus, not an Armillaria; specimen at 

OSC (Corvallis Oregon) identified by Kauffman (1925, Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 5: 

115-148) as Armillaria viscidipes Peck is not an Armillaria. This species probably 

belongs in the genus Tricholoma. 


119

120 

vittadinii 

Armillaria vittadinii (Moretti) Locq., Locquin 1952, Bull. trimest. Soc. Mycol. 


basionym: Agaricus vittadinii Moretti, Moretti 1826, in G. Fis. Chim. Stor. nat. 

Med. Arti Pavia Dec 2 9:66 original not seen-- cited in Bas 1969, Persoonia 

5:349; Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:41, cites this as Botanico Italiano t.1 

accepted name: h Amanita vittadini (Moretti) Vittad., Vittadini 1826, Tent. 

Mycol. s. Amanita Ill 31 pl. I; fide Bas 1969, Persoonia 5:349 

h Lepiota vittadini (Moretti) Quél., Quélet 1873, Quél. Champ. Jura Vosques I 

in Mém. Soc. Emul. Montbéliard II 5:338 

h Amanita vittadini (Moretti:Fr.) Quél., Quélet 1877 (1878), Bull. Soc. Mycol. 

France 24:317 

vivianii 

Armillaria vivianii (Fr.) Sacc., Saccardo 1887, Sylloge Fungorum 5:82 

basionym: Agaricus (Armillaria) vivianii Fr., Fries 1874, Hym. Eur. p.45 


= Agaricus (Armillaria) piopparello Viv., Viviani 1834, Funghi d’Italia p.6 t.6 

No further information is available regarding this taxon. Its proper disposition is 

unknown. Agaricus (Armillaria) vivianii Fr. is apparently a nomen novum for this 

species. Fries 1874, loc. cit., cites A. piopparello Viviani in his description, 

reducing this name to a synonym. 

watsonii 

Armillariella watsonii (Murrill) Singer, Singer (1949) 1951, Lilloa 22:216 

basionym: Monadelphus watsonii Murrill, Murrill 1944 (1945), Proc. Fl. Acad. 

Sci. 7:111 

accepted name: nomen dubium. The type specimen of this species has been lost 

(fide James F. Kimbrough FLAS, Pers. Comm.); treated as an Armillariella by 

Bigelow 1985, Beih. Nova Hedw. 81:430 

h Clitocybe watsonii (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1944 (1945), Proc. Fl. Acad. 

Sci. 7: 127, alternative name in same publication 

NOT Tricholoma watsonii (Murrill) Murrill, Murrill 1944 (1945), Proc. Fl. 

Acad. Sci. 7:127 [ h Melanoleuca watsonii Murrill, Murrill 1944 (1945), loc. 

cit. p. 111, alternative name in same publication ] 


xantha 

Armillariella sparrei Singer var. xantha Singer, Singer 1969, Beih. Nova 

Hedwigia 29:45 



yungensis 

Armillaria yungensis (Singer) Herink, Herink 1973, Vysoká Skola Zeme - de - lska V 


basionym: Armillariella yungensis Singer, Singer 1970, Flora Neotropica 3:12 

accepted name: h Armillaria yungensis (Singer) Herink, Herink 1973, loc. cit. 

From the description, this species apparently belongs in Armillaria, but whether 

it is conspecific with any other Armillaria species is unknown. 

zelleri 

Armillaria zelleri Stuntz & A.H. Smith, Smith 1949, Mushrooms in their Natural 

Habitats p. 351 

accepted name: = Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken, Ricken 1914, Die 

Blätterpilze p. 332; fide Clark Ovrebo, Pers. Comm.; fide Ovrebo 1973, 

Taxonomy of the genus Tricholoma in the Pacific Northwest. M.S. Thesis, 

University of Idaho, Moscow, ID; fide Clark Ovrebo 1980, A taxonomic study of 

the genus Tricholoma (Agaricales) in the Great Lakes region, Ph.D. thesis, 

University of Toronto, p. 177; fide Roy Watling (Pers. Comm.) 

h Tricholoma zelleri (Stuntz & A.H. Smith) Ovrebo & Tylutki, Ovrebo and 

Tylutki 1975, Mycologia 67:80 

121

A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species

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