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DELVE IN 

YOUR COMMO 

AMIGA — 

The detailed story 

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Kong la Masters) 

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JUNE 1986 

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IEVENTS 

16/PLII 

141"g" 

'Compete in the six 

thrilling events - 

Biathlon, Bobsled, Ski- 

Jump, Slalom, Down 

Hill and Speed Skating. 

The events start with open- 

ing ceremony accompanied 

by thrilling music. One to four 

players can select the country 

they wish to represent. The events 

with some of the most stunning graphics 

seen on C16/PLUS 4 provide a perfect back 

drop as the chase for medals progresses. 

TURBO LOAD ensures that you don't get a 

chance to cool down between the events. 

A QUALITY GAME 

FOR C16 AND PLUS 4 OWNERS E 7 . 9 5 

Trade Enquiries: 

C16-PLUS 4 CENTRE, ANCO SOFTWARE, 

85, TILE KILN LANE, BEXLEY, KENT, U.K. 

Telephone: 0322 92513/8 

Mail Order: Payment by Cheque, P.O., VISA or ACCESS 

24 Hour Credit Card Service: 0322 522631

JUNE 1986 

VOLUME 2 

NUMBER 9 

Editor: 

Stuart Cooke 

Assistant Editor: 

Marie Curry 

Advertisement Manager 

John McGarry 

Advertisement Copy 

Control: 

Laura Champion 

Group Editor: 

Dave Bradshaw 

Group Managing 

Editor: 

Wendy Palmer 

Managing Director: 

Peter Welham 

Origination: 

Ebony Typesetting 

Design: 

Argus Design 

Editorial & Advertisement Office 

No 1 Golden Square, 

London W1R 3A8 

Telephone 

. 

Telex: 8811896 

0Your 1 -Commodore 4 incorporating 

3Your 7 64 is a monthly magazine 

0appearing 6 on the first Friday of 

each month. 

2 6 

Distribution by: Argus Press 

Sales & Distribution Ltd. 12-18 

Paul Street, London EC2A 4JS. 

Printed by: Alabaster Passmore 

& Sons Ltd, Tovil, Maidstone, 

Kent. 

Subscription rates upon 

application to Your 

Commodore Subscriptions 

Department, Infonet Ltd, Times 

House, 179 The Marlowes, 

Hemel Hempstead, Herts. HP1 

1813. 

The contents of this publication 

including all articles, designs, 

plans, drawings and programs 

and all copyright and other 

intellectual property rights 

therein belong to Argut 

Specialist Publications Limited. 

All rights conferred by the Law 

of Copyright and other 

intellectual property rights and 

by virtue of international 

copyright conventions are 

specifically reserved to Argus 

Specialist Publications Limited 

and any reproduction requires 

the prior written consent of the 

Company. 1986 Argus 

Specialist Publications Limited 

• Chip Chat 1 0 

Eric Doyle begins a new series on chips, 

• Amiga - the Detailed Story 1 4 

We show you what the Amiga can do. 

• 3 into 1 3 1 

Utility special — Stuart Cooke reveals all. 

• Reader's Survery 4 5 

How you can help us to help you. 

• Data, Time and Memory 5 8 

Hints on memory to save you minutes. 

• Stateside News 7 0 

The US computer scene. 

• Business on a Budget 8 0 

Low price utilities from Argus Press Software, 

• In Print 8 2 

Hardware review - the Ibico 

ikAlt SERIES 111 

• Top Draw 5 2 

Graphics tricks from Allen Webb. 

• Welcome to the Machine 5 4 

Another part in our machine code training program. 

• Froggy 6 2 

Add more touches to our arcade game 

• Language Lab-C 6 4 

Part one of an in-depth look at C. 

• Programming the C-16 7 1 

Yet deeper into the complexities of the C-16, 

• Programming the 1541 7 5 

Inside your disk drive. 

• Club 128 

A special offer for Your Commodore readers. 

REGULAROM 

it 

, 

• Data Statements 4 

• US Gold Competition 8 

• Sense of Adventure 2 6 

• Action Replay 3 4 

• Software for Sale 4 0 

• Sprite Ideas 4 1 

• Listings 4 4 

• Game of the Month 5 0 

• Teacher's Pet 5 6 

• Scratch Pad 6 0 

• Communications Corner 6 8 

• Program Submissions 7 8 

MPETITION 

• Database 64 

Type in our C64 Database. 

1 6 

• Professional Packaging 

Smarten up your tape collection. 

• Better Matrix 6 6 

Power for your MPS 

• Budget 64 8 3 

Get your finances under control. 

88 

29

Soft in the Head 

SHOPPING FOR SOFTWARE? LOOK NO 

further than these pages. This month it 

seems as if there's never been a wider 

choice of program available and you have 

to congratulate the software houses in the 

ingenuity of their staff. 

Ariolasoft info 

Ariolasoft is making headlines and movies 

this month. Did you ever think that you 

could play at being Steven Spielberg 

with the aid of your C64? Movie Maker 

allows you to do just that. You can create 

your own animated pictures with the aid 

of this program. You probably won't 

make as much money as the great 

directors but you should have some fun. 

Claims for the program include: 

mixing text and graphics, creating tracks 

of up to 30 frame each, and combining six 

of these in a single animated sequence. 

There are also hundreds of built in 

pictures, ready for use plus the power to 

create your own. There are numerous 

animated greetings cards and a music and 

sound library. You can videotape your 

efforts and bore your friends with them - 

if you feel that way inclined. 

It's on twin disks and costs E16.95. 

Two other newies from this Covent 

Garden based house- they've just moved 

- are Starship Andromeda and 

Panzadrome. 

The latter is a futuristic war game set 

on a robot inhabited island. The Robots 

are tanks and hostile, of course, and you 

must build a better one in order to defeat 

them. Look out for mines and mortars. 

Panzadrome costs f8.95 and is a 

product of the programming and design 

skills of the Ramjam Corporation. 

Starship Andromeda sees you battling 

the evil tyrant Alana, who wears a crystal 

around her neck which just happens to be 

the security key to the great computer 

which controls the galaxy. A tough 

situation - especially since the only thing 

that will free the crystal is a Proton lance. 

Get the lance and get the crystal. Easy, 

huh? 

The program includes 12 arcade/ 

strategy games and 10.000 locations. It's 

also E9.95. 

Not content with these launches, 

Ariolasoft is entering the Amiga software 

market with a collection of Electronic 

Arts' utilities. 

Deluxepaint is an incredible graphics 

program which allows the beginner to 

explore the Amiga's capabilities whilst 

giving the more experienced user an 

excellent tool. Features include tools to 

create lines, curves, shapes and textures. 

There's also split screen zoom enlarging 

and colour cycling to create animation. 

DeluxePrint is a sister program with 15 

formats for easy customisation of print 

outs - in colour or black and white. The 

formats include greetings cards, business 

cards, stationary, calendars, letterheads, 

• • sters and many more. 

A6 Amiga range from Ariolasoft 

Ariolasoll, Electronic Arts and the Amiga

DeluxeVideo brings another 

dimension to computing. Make video 

slide shows, animation, business presentations. 

Find out about wipes, fades, and 

dissolves. Also compression of images, 

control of the foreground and background 

and much more. 

Ariolasoft's Ashley Gray said: "The 

Deluxe series of Amiga programs are the 

most powerful, integrated, creative tools 

ever released for a personal computer." 

Maybe you should try them when 

you've saved up for your Amiga? 

Activision — Out of Time? 

WANTED - DEAD OR ALIVE! SAM 

Harlow, that's you, a marked man. Your 

past has caught up with you, punk. 

They're out to get your - but you don't 

know who they are. Check your files, Sam, 

you need to prevent your own murder, 

and it's one of those bums who you've put 

away behind bars during your auspicious 

career. 

Interested? Activision's latest 

adventure - Borrowed Time - puts you in 

the position of both hunter and prey. 

There are 20 serious suspects who are out 

of your blood. Track the murderer down 

before it's too late. 

Perils including getting shot at, 

burned, anaesthetised, beaten up, strung 

up, sentenced to life imprisonment, 

bopped on the head, ripped to pieces by 

mad dogs etc. 

If you've got £14.99 and want to die 

horribly then you know how to spend it. 

And the Rest 

IF YOU'RE AN AVID WATCHER OF NOEL 

Edmond's ridiculous Late Late Breakfast 

Show, then you'll know the background 

to Mr Puniverse. Now Mastertronic has 

jumped on the bandwagon yet again to 

bring you Big Mac - 2 which features the 

character immortalised in this hilarious TV 

spoof. It's on the C-16 and is in the £1.99 

range of course. 

Halley's Comet fever has now hit the 

software industry with a release from 

Firebird to mark the approach of the 

space probe Giotto to the heart of the 

comet. 

It's one of those games in which, once 

again, you play the part of an intrepid 

spaceman coming to the aird of the entire 

human race. This time the danger involves 

germ bags from the comet which are 

threatening the health of the world. 

The game has three phases starting 

with the launch, followed by controlling 

the ship's computer in its flight to the 

comet (the spaceman is in suspended 

animation at this point), and finally the 

destruction of the germbags so that they 

won't reproduce and infect the globe. 

f 7.95 on the CM, and available now. 

Rino Software is taking the bull by the 

horns in its decision to call a spade a spade 

- or more accurately a shoot 'em up a 

shoot 'em up. 

Gone are the days when zappy games 

had zappy names. Rino's new release is 

for the CM, priced at £2.99 and is 

unabashedly entitled Shoot 'Em Up. 

Generally Speaking 

IN THIS HIGHLY TECHNOLOGICAL BUSiness, 

the Japanese are still the people 

who are often first with the newest ideas. 

Now Cumana has brought another 

Japanese invention to this country in the 

form of the Astron IC card. 

Physically, the card resembles a credit 

card but contains integrated circuitry 

which enables it to be used as a solid state 

memory device. It has a 38 pin connector 

which plugs into a cheap (about E2) socket 

and does not need a magnetic or laser 

reader. 

There are four different types of card: 

ROM, Masked ROM, EPROM and RAM. 

The Astron integrated Circuit Card 

5 

AMMO MIN 

• sioet tam gams 

• see the t o t e h r l a l 

News 

Cumana claims that they are totally 

reliable and durable and are unaffected 

by electromagnetic/electrostatic conditions, 

extreme temperatures, humidity 

and minor scratches. It is also an added 

protection against software piracy. 

Adaptors for the cards will be available 

for the CM and C128. 

Cumana has proposed a host of 

applications for the new card: Memory 

for telecommunication devices; identification 

for security keys, bank accounts, 

computer input and cashless shopping; 

speech for vending machines, language 

labs, measuring and sensing warning 

devices; instructions for robots and other 

automated equipment; personal identity; 

applications and ROM software; portable 

memory for hand held micros, 

programmable printers, process control, 

alarm systems. And this is only the tip of 

the iceberg. Look out for them.

Mike Mahoney and Tony Crowther 

After an absence of two years, Games 

programmer Tony Crowther has returned 

to Alligata software and as you can see 

from the picture he seems to be having 

quite a good time there already. 

Because of this new arrangement 

Alligata is promising some exciting 

releases in the near future. 

If you've bought an A'n'F game 

recently or in the past then a new service 

is being offered to you by the company to 

help you out with any problems which 

you may have run into. 

A new mail order and queries line has 

been established which will provide a 24 

hour service. The number is Rochdale (0706) 

341111. There's also been an announcement 

from A'n'F that a new arcade 

adventure is in the pipeline at the 

moment. We'll bring you more news on 

that as soon as we have it. 

A company called Mupados has come 

up with an original idea. It has launched a 

software/audio cassette. It combines 

theme tunes in 'full, fantastic stereo' 

dance mix from some popular games - 

namely Rambo, Neverending Story, 

Ghostbusters, Crazy Comets and Hypersports 

- with a database called Softwhere? 

which should help you organise a 

reference system for your programs, 

games, or record collection. 

The idea behind it is apparently to 

combine the purely functional with pure 

entertainment. Whether the punters will 

think this worthwhile is another question 

but at 14.99 from W H Smiths it may be 

worth a shot. 

On Line 

MICRONET USERS HAVE RALLIED 

round and forked out to make the lives of 

some disabled young people a lot easier. 

A user called Jon Bye, who became 

non-vocal as the result of an accident 

several years ago, let Micronet know, via 

mailbox, that communications services 

had made an incredible difference to his 

life. 

His comments created a lot of interest 

amongst other users. John lives at Hatchford 

Park School in Guildford and an 

appeal put up on Micronet to raise f 300 

for 10 other non-vocal residents was 

greeted with a fantastic response. 

Not only did members donate over 

1350 in 24 hours, but also Keith Rose of 

Modem House offered all the required 

modems free. 

Rick Wakeman tackles Commodore's Music System 

*Ales' •?'" 

Hard Lines 

COMMODORE 128 OWNERS WHO 

have had trouble finding a suitable 

monitor for their computer (other than 

Commodore's own product) could find 

that Cascade has come to their aid. 

The RGBI output of the 128 is incompatible 

with the majority of monitors on the 

market. Commodore's 1901 monitor is 

expensive and peoplewho already own a 

Microvitec probably feel that this is a high 

price to pay. 

Cascade has come up with an interface 

which provides a full RGB 80 column 

display via the RGB TTI input. Microvitec 

1431 dual mode monitor can now provide 

full 40 column composite video and 80 

column RGB with simple switching 

between modes, thus allowing full use of 

the 128's three operating modes. 

At 119.95 it could be a worthwhile 

investment. 

Musical computer owners will be 

tempted by Commodore's new Complete 

Music System. It costs 1330 including a 

C64 and the Music Expansion system 

priced at 1149.99 for those who already 

own a C64 or C128, contains everything 

needed to produce music which is 

normally only possible on expensive synthesisers. 

Or so Commodore claims. 

Launched at the Ideal Home Exhibition 

the products should be in your local 

shop now. 

COMAIOD 

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Enter the world of Avenger, a Ninja warrior 

Of unparalleled skills and deadly powers, as 

he battles the forces of evil in defence Of his 

faith and protection of the weak. 

Be calm and stay silent as the outstanding 

animation and unrivalled combat routines 

take you to levels Of aCtlOn yOu'd never have 

thought possible. 

Experience the stunning effects of triple 

scrolling action as you master the techniques 

of Hand to Hand combat, Pole Fighting and 

the skills of the Samuri Sword_ 

And when you believe you've succeeded In 

overcoming all the odds, the next in this 

thrilling seties of adventures will beckon you 

forward to a further challenge of death. 

Spectru imstrad CBM c 28 

tremIlh Craphics Software Limited, Alpha House, 10 Carver Street, Shetabbilan. Tel: 0742-753423 

ft 

Alit 

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- 11111111=111111111 

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- 411•1111111=111 

[be yours irc47.1 enter otial 

SINCE KUNG FU IS AN EVER POPULAR 

topic for computer games, we've decided 

to give you the chance to win your own 

copy of US Gold's excellent Kung Fu 

master. 

We've got 50 copies for the readers 

who pick out the differences between the 

two cartoons and get their names picked 

out of the bag first. 

What are you wailing for? 

How to Enter 

Study the two cartoons. There are several 

differences between them. Mark the 

differences clearly on the picture 

attached to the entry coupon. Fill in the 

coupon and send it off to US Gold 

Competition, Your Commodore. 1 

Golden Square, London W1 R 3AB. Write 

the number of differences you found on 

the back of your envelope. 

The Rules 

Entries will not be accepted from 

employees of Argus Specialist 

Publications or US Gold. This restriction 

applies to employee's families and agents 

of the company. 

The How to Enter section forms part of 

the rules. The editor's decision is final and 

no correspondence will be entered into. 

Entry Coupon 

Name 

Address 

p o s t code 

Number of differences found 

Send your entry to: US Gold Competition, Your Commodore, 1 Golden 

Square, London W1R 3AB. Closing date: Friday 27 June1986. Write clearly and 

don't forget to put the number of differences on the back of your envelope.

300,000 pages of information on the huge 

P R E S T E L Prestel database 

PRESTEL is a trademark of British Telecommunkations 

die?/0 

0,4401tAA 

- 

r 

fi"0 

Micmnet 800 

800 

8 Herbal Hill, London EC1R 5E1 

Telephone: 01-278 3143 

FREE Electronic Mail International 

Telex 1 0 National Chatlines (Interactive 

Bulletin Boards) 70,000 users across the 

UK Teleshopping Multi-User 

Interactive Strategy Games 

Instant computer news Hardware and 

software reviews Technical features 

Hints and tips On-line business advice 

and features 

FREE and discounted quality software to 

download direct to your micro-24 hours a 

day 

for just 20p a day 

To: Micronet 800, 8 Herbal Hill, London EC1 

Please send me a brochure on Micronet 800 

Name 

Address 

T e l e p h o n e No 

Age M i c r o 

v-com 618 6 1

In the first of a new 

series, Eric Doyle 

introduces you to the 

secret of your 

Commodore's 

memory. 

WE ALL TAKE THE CHIPS INside 

our computers for granted 

but a greater understanding of 

them can lead to better 

programs. Over the next few 

months I hope to clarify the Another difference is that 

function of each chip and to ROM is a permanent, nonreveal 

the inner workings and volatile store which cannot be 

hidden secrets of the Comma- erased by turning the power on 

dare range of computers: the and off but RAM is volatile and 

Vic 20, C64, C-16, Plus/4 and its contents disappear when 

C126. t h e computer is switched off. 

The heart of any computer ROM is where the Basic 

is the central processor and the operating system is stored and 

most common application of at power up it reserves certain 

the computer is to run Basic parts of RAM for storing the 

programs so this is where our transient values generated as its 

Odyssey will begin, r o u t i n e s are executed. 

The microprocessor in 

Commodore micros is a one of 

several derivatives of the 

Motorola 6500 series microchip. 

This processor is the 

number cruncher inside which 

are the registers that assist in all 

of the computer's mathematical 

operations. Diagram 1 

shows the basic architecture of 

all 6500 range microprocessors. 

As far as the processor is 

concerned the whole of the 

computer memory is an extension 

of itself from which 

numerical values can be loaded 

(read) or sent (written). 

A good way of imagining 

memory is as a large, pigeon 

hole internal mailing system. 

Each box represents a byte of 

memory and can contain a 

value from zero to 255. Don't 

worry if you don't know how 

computers deal with numbers 

larger than 255, all will become 

clear later. 

Memory comes in two 

varieties Read Only Memory 

(ROM) and Random Access 

Memory (RAM). As the name 

implies ROM can only be read 

from but RAM can either be 

read from or written to if it is 

necessary to change its value. 

For example variables defined 

by a Basic program must be 

stored in RAM for two reasons. 

Firstly, because it must have a 

value written to it to start with 

and, secondly, because that 

value may change later on in 

the program. 

Processing 

Load and run Listing 1 to see 

how the processor operates. 

The program counter tells 

the processor where the 

current instruction is located in 

RAM/ROM memory. When 

commanded to execute a piece 

of machine code, the current 

value of the program counter is 

stored in a special reserved 

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area of RAM memory (the 

processor stack area) and the 

internal stack pointer is adjusted 

to point to the next free 

location in the stack. The start 

address of the new machine 

code routine is then placed 

into the counter. This value is 

then loaded into the address 

buffer which directs the data 

bus to the correct location. 

The data bus copies the 

information found in the given 

location and carries this back to 

the processor which is expecting 

a machine code operator. 

When this is evaluated in the 

instruction decoder it determines 

whether an operand or 

two will follow. Depending on 

the type of operator, any 

operands are evaluated and 

stored in the X or Y register or 

in the accumulator, 

If the operator is a finite 

address the address buffer is 

given this value and the data 

bus reacts accordingly. If the 

value is an offset address, the 

finite address has the value of 

the X or Y register added to it 

and this value is passed to the 

address buffer. 

All mathematical work is 

performed in the ALL,' which 

can access all of the registers 

which merely act as passive 

stores for transient values. 

The instruction decoder 

determines whether the data 

bus is reading or writing its 

encoded information and 

which internal register 

provides or accepts the 

information. 

When an RTS command is 

detected the last value to be 

stored on the stack is read into 

the program counter and the 

processor continues from 

where it was before it was 

asked to execute the routine. 

I have said that the processor 

only responds to machine 

code routines so how does it 

respond to Basic?

Down to Basics 

When the computer is 

switched on the program 

counter automatically loads 

the value it fi nds at VFW, 

which causes the processor to 

run the ROM machine code 

routine for power reset. This 

organises the memory ready 

for Basic and ends by printing 

READY on the screen_ The 

routine then loops around 

until kravho3rd input is 

After typing in or loading a 

program, the command RUN 

brings the Basic execution 

system into operation. To 

understand how this works we 

have to look at the way a 

program is stored in memory. 

Now enter Listing 2 to reveal 

the structure of a line of Basic. 

The program PEEKs the 

program storage area and 

writes the actual contents of 

the memory locations to the 

screen. The first screenful of 

information shows the first 

three lines. Notice how all the 

lines end with a zero byte 

which causes the operating 

system to start a new line when 

LISTing to the screen or a 

printer. 

The first four bytes of information 

have been coloured to 

highlight their special significance. 

The yellow pair of bytes 

gives the line number. Their 

actual value can be revealed in 

the following way: 

i) Write down the first of the 

two bytes and then write the 

second byte after it (e.g. 2C 

01 becomes 012C). 

ii) This is the hexadecimal 

value of the line number_ To 

convert it to decimal multiply 

the first figure by 4096, 

the second by 256, third by 

16 and the fourth by one_ 

Then add the new values 

together. e.g. (0'4096) + 

(1*256)+(2*161+(12*1)=300) 

Remember that A=10. B=-11 

etc_ 

The cyan coloured figures 

also reveal a two byte number 

in the same way but this 

number indicates the memory 

location at which the next line 

starts. These bytes are called 

the line link and they help the 

operating system to fi nd a 

particular line quickly when 

GOTO and GOSUB are 

executed or when DATA is 

being READ in. In other words 

the line links always point to 

the first byte of the next line 

link. 

After these first four bytes 

the details of the Basic instructions 

follow_ To make sense of 

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140 RON(HOME) (DOWN)(DOWN)(D 

OWN)(DOWN)(DOWN)(DOWN)(DOWN) 

(DOWN)(DOWN)(DOWNI(DOWN)(DOW 

N)(DOWN)(DOWN)(DOWN)(DOWN)" 

150 D8S(1)=" (OFF) (RVS) 

:D8S(2)." (OFF) (RVS) 1 

:08 $(3)1 

0 160 81$a"(DOWN)(LEFT)(LEFT)( 

OFF) ( O(RVS)":808. 

1T) 

F(LEFT) 

(DOWN) F 170 ) O$(1)."41$40$40$ 

( 180 LD$(2)." E F 4800.83480$ 

R190 

0$(3)= 

+80P81$ 

V1 

S(OFF) 

) ( R V S 

" ) " 4 . 8 

0 1 

400 IFMal THEN Sa4096:POKE36 

879,8:CN:7 

410 IFN.2THENS.4608:POKE3687 

9 

1420 

IFM=3THENSa7168:LIST0,1: 

8LIST4,1 

: 

430 IFM=4THENS:2048:P0KE5328 

C0,0:P0KE53281,0 

N 

440 REM 

a 

450 IFMa5THENS.4096:LIST0,1: 

7 

LIST4,1 

460 RETURN:REM 

• 

200 REWI(LEFT)(0P)t(LEFT)( 

UP11(LEFT)(UP)':ROSa 

. (UP) (LEFT) (LEFT)(UP) (LEFT)(UP) IL 

EFT)) (LEFT)" 

210 FOROIT06:RES(P)REWES 

(A-1) 

220 IF4=3THENRE1(3):RES(3).0 

I(LEFT)(UP) ':REI(0)=RES(0)0 

(LEFT) (UP)' 

230 RE;(0):RES(01401:NEXT 

240 FORA.ITO6IRES(A).RW(DO 

WN)(DOWN)(DOWN)(DOWN)(RGHT)" 

413+RES(A)+"(LEFT14-1 

1250 

RECO) aRS0 (DOWN) (DOWN)( 

:NEXT DOWN) (DOWN) (RGHT) 

1 

4CPRES(0 

260 MS(1)2 

1P) 

(LEFT11(UP)(LEFT)r- 

(---J(UP) 

1al4----1(DOWN)(LEFT) 

'- 

(LEFT) :11$(2) 1270 MI(0). 

I 1)(DOWN)(DOWN)(DOWN)(LEFT) 

( U 

(LE 

1 FTHLEFT) r 

" 280 0FORO0T02:MS(A).R0"(UP) 1 

0(UP)(UP)".fLEFTS(ACI,7) 0 " 

H:NEXT 4 D 

O290 MS(A) 8.17:FOROITO6 

W 

, N 

3))+"(DOON)"+RIGHTS(ACS,14) 

0310 

IFA=2THENBa16 

0 320 NEXT 

A330 

FORAa1T03:ACS(A)=LEFTI(A 

CCS(A),LEN(ACS(A))-ABS(INT(1- 

S 

4/01)1):NEXT 

( 340 MDOLEFTS(RS,14W(R6HT) 

(RGHT)":RO$2 

A 

YASOCW-1(DOWN)(LEFT)" 

1 

) 

350 1(DOWN) FORAa1T06:DPS.DPW01:NE 

. 

XTIABSOAPDPS+DPS:DPSaYAOD 

(LEFT)': 

L 

PS:YAS.ABS 

E 

360 ABS=LEFTS(RS,8)+ADS:DPS: 

F 

LEFTS(14,11)+DPSO(LEFT)-J": 

TWiSam(HOME)(DOONPOAS 

S370 

STS=LEFTS(AC41,91.04" 

( 380 

R390 

REMIt1113$1:11 MAIN PROS 

S 1811t311181. 

, 

B 

- 

3 

1 

1 

11 

Memory 

this note tht the green figures 

are tokenised keywords. Yes, a 

word like PRINT is converted 

into a single figure when the 

line is encoded but a variable 

such as SB would occupy two 

bytes corresponding to the 

CHR$ (or ASCII) values for 

each letter. 

Another point worthy of 

note is that arithmetic 

operators have a value which is 

at variance with their ASCII 

values. When words such as 

PRINT or arithmetic signs are 

used within quotes they are not 

given their special status and 

are just evaluated as normal 

ASCII characters. 

Slow Motion 

Now back to the question of 

how a program RUNs. 

First of all the operating 

system causes the processor to 

check if there is a program in 

memory. If the first two bytes of 

user RAM have a value then the 

system assumes a program is in 

residence. These two bytes are 

assumed to be a line link and 

are stored away for reference. 

The whole line up to the link 

location is copied into a special 

area of memory for analysis. 

This is the Basic buffer. Similarly 

the line number bytes are 

stowed away elsewhere in 

RAM. 

After the line number the 

system expects to fi nd a 

command of some sort. Evaluation 

of the token value representing 

the command 

(reserved word) is found by 

storing the value in the 

processor's accumulator and 

ornparing this value with a list 

of values stored in Basic ROM. 

It no match is found the line is 

scanned in the buffer by 

sequentially loading each byte 

into the accumulator to see if 

there is an equals sign. The 

system is also comparing the 

accumulator's value with the 

token values of various 

punctuation marks or looking 

for the end-of-line zero byte. If 

one of these is found instead of 

the equals sign an error is 

signaled_ 

When such an error is indicated 

a SYNTAX ERROR IN LINE 

message is printed on the 

screen by loading each letter 

into the accumulator and 

moving it into screen display 

RAM. Next, the line number 

stored in RAM is dragged out, 

converted into a decimal value 

and printed after the message. 

If the system has detected a

variable being created it checks 

the syntax of the variable name. 

Then an area of RAM is used to 

store the value along with the 

variable name. 

If a reserved word has been 

found the position of the token 

value in the ROM list 

determines where the program 

jumps to in the Basic ROM to 

verify the correct syntax of any 

characters which follow the 

word until a colon or zero byte 

is discovered, For example, if 

the line was PRINT "HELLO", 

the PRINT token would be 99 

Hex, The system would then 

expect a variable name, a 

quotation mark, a colon or a 

zero. In this case it finds a 

space. which is ignored, followed 

by a quotation mark. 

The system then takes the 

ASCII code from between the 

quotes one by one. The ASCII is 

converted into a screen POKE 

value and this places the letters 

which spell HELLO on the next 

available screen location. 

When the end of a line is 

found the line link is retrieved 

from memory and the next line 

link is stored along with the 

new line number. The line is 

then copied into the Basic 

buffer and the line is scanned 

and interpreted as before. 

This process continues until 

there are no more lines left or 

an END or STOP command is 

located. 

Obviously with all this 

memory movement, evaluation 

and syntax checking going 

on the program runs a lot more 

slowly than a pure machine 

code program written 

specifically to create the same 

effect but it should be remembered 

that all programs are 

executed by the microprocessor 

in machine code, Basic is 

only a figment of the ROM's 

memory. When a language 

such as Logo or Pascal is loaded 

the Basic ROM is switched out 

in favour of the new machine 

code routines which interpret 

the syntax of the new language. 

Any language on a 

computer is a language of 

convenience rather like 

Margaret Thatcher and 

President Mitterand discussing 

policies through the medium 

of an interpreter. As we all 

know this not only lengthens 

the time taken for the 

discussion but can also lead to 

misunderstandings unless 

great care is taken. 

Next month we shall see 

how the processor helps to 

store numerical and string 

variables. 

400 FORL=1T04:60SU8690:PRINT 

RES(11):60SU81150:NEXT:REM LD 

907:LDA1120 

410 FORBL=7T00 STEP-I:YRS."( 

LEFT)-':RESTORE:BLS=RIGHTS( 

STRS(BL),I) 

420 IF8L=6THENXX=0:PA=3 

430 IFBL=5THENPA=0 

440 FORL=0102:605U8690:PR:NT 

RES(01):60SU81150:NEXT:REM SY 

A 0800,Y 

450 60SUB710ta="(R6H1)(R6HT 

)0a+BLS 

460 P0S=ACS(6) 

,0 "+CS:60SUB1190 

(LEFT)(LEFT) 

470 READW:606U81150:PRINTRES 

(0) 

480 PRINTMS(2):POS=MDP'080" 

+BLI:60SUB1190 

490 CS= 

1439313532 

20 (RVS) 1 

"+MI0 , 500 TS="(HOME)10804RISHTI(S 

S("13 81.12+1,2) 

TROL),1)4"(0001N)(LEFT)(LEF 

19133 :606U811 

THLEFTI(LEFT)(LEFT)a+RISHTS 

(51S,BL4.3) 

510 PRINT4BS:PO3=AES(4)+"20" 

:60SUB1190 

520 60SUB1000:PRIN 

-SUB10001READCS:60SUB1120 

RES(0):60 

530 PRINTa(HOMEHDOWN) 

540 P0S=1:606U81190 

550 PRINT"(HOME) (DOWNI(DOWN) 

POISHTS(ACS,BL+2);" 

560 609U8690:PRINTRES(I):605 

UB1150 

570 YPS="1(DOWN)(LEFT) 1(DOWN 

)(LEFT)1(DOWN)(LEFT)(LEFT)-- 

1•:60SUB710 

580 CS="0 

1,1):IFEL=0THENC$ 

+RIGHT 590 0 READW:60SUB1150:PR!NTRES 

S(STRII -1" (0) 

(BL-1) 600 FORIAT01:605U8690:PRINT 

RES(W):60SUB11601NEXT 

610 IFBL=OTHENREADAS,AS:XX=5 

014=7:60T0630 

620 READCS,0:606U81160 

630 606UB960:PRINTDPS:FORD=0 

TOXX310:NEXTIPRINTRES(0):NEX 

TBL 

640 60SU8690:PRINTRES(W):60S 

UB1150 

650 PRINT"(HOME)(DOWN)(DOON) 

(DONN)(DONN)(R6HT) (RGHT)READ 

Ya:XX=250 

660 POW(HOME)(DOWN)(DOWN)( 

DOWNI(DOWN)(DOWN)(R6HT)(R6HT 

I 1 

: 

6 

0 

6 

U 

12 

670 PRINTa(CLR)" 

680 END 

690 60SU81060:60SUB1100:READ 

CS:60SUE11120:FOROOT01:60SUB 

990:NEXT:READC$01 

700 RETURN 

710 PRINTYWYPS:6OSUB960:RE 

TURN 

720 PRINTIOBOO (C64) ______ 

730 PRINT' I 

I 

740 . PRINT" ISYS491521 HRVS) 

Y RES (OFF)I" 

750 PRINT" 

760 PRINT' 1 

1 a 

I I 

770 PRINT' 1 I HRVS) 

X RES (OFF)la 

780 PRINT' 

a 

1 

770 PRINT" 1 

1' 

I I 

800 PRINT" 1 

ACC (OFF)1 

I IERVS) 

810 PRINT' L(RVS) 

---- 

(OFF 820 PRINT" HRVS)SCREEN(OFF 

I RRVS) C000 (OFF)! 

830 PRINT' HRVSIP 

RDSRAM(OFF)I° 

840 PRINT' __ 1111VS)C 

OUNTER(OFF)1" 

850 PRINT" I 1 

a 

860 PRINT" 1 1 I 

la 

870 PRINT' (RVS) (OFF) 

----ERVS)ADDRESSIOFFI" 

880 PRINT' 

a 

890 PRINT' (RVS) (OFF)____ 

900 PRINT' (RYS) DATA(OFF)I 

RRVS) DECODER (OFF)1 

910 PRINT' (RVS) BUS(OFFII 

920 PRINT" (RVS) (OFF) (R 

VS) (OFF) (RVS) (OFF) 

(RVS) (OFF)" 

930 PRINT (RVS) (OFF) (R 

VS) (OFF) (RVS) (OFF) 

(RVS) (OFF)" 

940 RETURN 

950 REM 11111 DELAY 

960 FORDOTOXX:NEXT 

970 RETURN 

980 REM IS1: DATA BUS 

990 FOR 8=1T03:60T01010 

Memory 

1000 FOR B=3TOISTEP-1 

1010 PRINTRW(R6HTI(RVS) 

CB) 1 

1020 0 FORC=1102:PRINT"(RSHT)( 

RVS)18$(8)D8S(B)D8S(B)140(8 

):NEXT 

1030 605U89601NEXT 

1040 RETURN 

1050 REM MI PC VALUE 

1060 READPS 

1070 POS=ACS(3)+ 

+":60SUB11901PRINTN(RVS)" 

6 

(LEFT) PDS "+PS 

1080 PRINT/ISM:RETURN 

1090 REM 1111 MEMLOC 

1100 605U8960:PRINTMDSPS:RET 

URN 

1110 REM 3111 MEMCONT 

1120 POSOID14."(DOON)(R6HT)1 

M60901190 4. 

1130 PRINTMS(0):RETURN 

1140 REM MI DECODER 

1150 IFOITHENPRINTACS(10" 

1160 P0S=ACS(11)43:60SU81190 

1170 PRINTRECOMETURN 

1180 REM Mt FLASH 

1190 FORA=OTOPAIPRINT"(RVS)" 

P01"(0FFIN:60SUB960:PRINTPOS 

:609U0960:NEXT:RETURN 

1200 REM litt DATA 

1210 DATA0004,99,"STA 0 

11,0005,00, 

8,2 , 1 

1220 00', DATA2,20 

1230 2,C0 DATAC007,88,1EY " , 

1,6 06,0 

1240 8,0 DATAC008,10,BPL,14009, 

FA,"(R6HT)(R6HTIORSHTI(R6HT) 

SFA 

1004'0 

,1 1250 DATA000A,60,"RTS a, 

1 

"(R 1260 DATACPU DEMONSTRATION," 

6HT :2 

HOW I(R - SOW 

6HT !" 

tD0WNiCr.4. ) 0 

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Al ( D120 

1.7 RA 

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: A

The event every Commodore 

user is waiting for . . 

& 

147 

o 

0 

n 

/ 

n 

Champagne Suite and 

Exhibition Centre, Novotel, 

Hammersmith, London W6 

t 

- 

See the Amiga Village 

with its continuous 

demonstrations of the 

first wave of software 

n 

for the sensational 

machine 

Tickets-f3 (Adults), 

/2 (Children under 

16). Special mtes for 

group bookings (over 

10 in a party). 

SHOW HOTLINE: 

061-456 8835 

or write to: 

Seventh Official 

Commodore Show 

Tickets, 

Europa House, 

68 Chester Road, 

Hazel Grove, 

Stockport SK7 51W 

o11 

c 

l2 m Music Expansion System for 

6 

1 

Organised by 

Database Exhibitions 

featuring the UK launch 

of the fabulous Amiga 

Saturday 

1 Ma0 

y 

10am-6pm 

This is YOUR chance to see the very latest 

developments for the ENTIRE Commodore range 

Visit the 100-seat Show 

Theatre, where non-stop 

events will be held including 

music from top groups 

How to get there: 

Novotel London is right by the A4/M4 and is only two minutes from 

Hammersmith underground station (for the West End. City and 

aimort). For those bringing their own car, there is a large 

underground car park at the hotel. 

1111•110•1111•1•1•111111•111••••111•• OE IN MIIMINIE1 

111 

1111 

111 

Come to the show and 

enter the FREE DRAW 

1 

7 

111111111111ERE • 

M1 cootAtateltdow 

I 71 N 4 N % 

e The Commodore 128 

1 Compendium (Commodore 

1 St 7128k, 

cassette and four pieces 

PRIZE c of software worth UN_ 

t 

o h 

i the Commodore 64 or 128 (5 

m11C1 

ooctave 

keyboard, sound 

Al] you need to do is to cut this coupon out and 

hand it in at the door when you arrive. 

Name 

Address 

1 

PRIZE expander and sound studio 

m lsoftware) 

worth i:150. 

Tel No 

d 

IbmoonmolomenumnimmoommommomminimmmYdl 

o 

i 

d d

the insides of the 

Commodore Amiga. 

Whenever the word 'Amiga' is 

mentioned, someone will have 

something to say about Commodore's 

wonder-baby. At first all that was said was 

how wonderful this machine was, and 

how it would take the world by storm; 

gradually, however, people saw the Atari 

520ST, at less than half the price — and 

started wondering. 

I have owned an Amiga for nearly six 

months now, and in that time I think it is 

safe to say that I have formed a very 

personal view about a machine which, if 

used to its potential, can really show the 

true power of a personal computer. 

What makes the Amiga so different 

from all the other personal computers is 

its sheer versatility. Being a true multitasking 

machine means that it can do 

almost as many things as you want 

simultaneously, enabling you to jump 

from one task to another with the 

knowledge that all the other tasks will 

continue. 

Hardware 

To successfully explain the Amiga you 

must really split the hardware into 

different sections; specifi cation, 

workbench, graphics, sound, and 

peripherals. Although this cannot cover 

everything to do with the Amiga, it should 

give you a valuable insight into this 

machine. 

Specification 

The specification given here is of the 

American Amiga, when launched in 

Europe it will probably come with two 

disk drives and 512K as standard. 

Basically the components of the Amiga 

are: 

Motorola MC 68000 16/32 bit main 

processor. 

256K bytes of internal RAM, expandable 

to 512K, 

256K bytes of ROM containing a realtime, 

multi-tasking, operating system with 

sound, graphics and animation routines. 

Built in 3" double sided disk drive. 

Expansion port for up to 3 external disk 

drives with either 3 

1 

sided. 

/ Fully programmable serial port. 

Fully programmable parallel port. 

Two 2 button mechanical mouse. 

Two ' o9 r pin D 5type y controller ports. 

4Detached 

89-key keyboard with numeric 

" keypad, , 10 function keys and cursor 

section. 

d o u b l 

Ports for analog or digital RGB output, as 

e 

well as composite video. 

Left and right stereo audio output ports. 

Expansion connector that allows you to 

add RAM, hard disks, or other 

peripherals. 

Workbench 

At present, to start up an Amiga system, 

you must first insert a disk that loads the 

operating system into write-protected 

RAM. Although this does take time, it 

means that in the future, when new 

versions are released, you will not have to 

mess about switching chips around. 

Having done this you will be requested to 

insert what is called a Workbench disk. 

This is the program that makes the Amiga 

so easy to use, and enables a complete 

beginner to start harnessing the 

machine's power. 

Once in the Workbench, most people 

will immediately recognise the 

Macintosh-esque windows and icons, 

however this time they are in colour! 

Workbench is provided for two real 

reasons; firstly it lets you control the 

computer's functions via a mouse, and 

secondly it lets each individual owner 

customise his Amiga. Using a program 

called Preferences, you can choose the 

colour of text, the colour of the 

background, how sensite you want the 

mouse to be, and also redefine the cursor 

which indicates the mouse position. On 

the more technical side, Preferences 

allows you to set baud rates, and redefine 

the bit images required for your printer. 

The Workbench screen, when 

operated, displays one large window, 

within which are a variety of draws, On 

selecting a draw with the mouse, a new 

window will appear, giving you another 

selection of Icons to choose from. Icons 

can best be described as small pictures 

which appear on the screen representing; 

tools, projects, disks, draws and the 

Trashcan. Windows let you see the 

contents of projects, drawers, disks, and 

the Trashcan. Windows can be altered 

both in size and position. 

On the current version of the 

Workbench disk (v1.1) there are four 

draws — Demos, Utilities, System and

the detailed stor 

Empty. Demos are three different 

programs which show well how efficient a 

multi-tasker, the Amiga really is, Utilities 

gives you an on-screen calculator and 

notepad, a la Mac, and System prod uces a 

disk copier. The Empty draw allows you to 

create a personal file for the Workbench 

disk. 

To make the most of the system, it is 

preferable to create your own 

Workbench disk to suit the type of 

application you will be running, I, for 

instance, would rather use the keyboard 

than the mouse, and have my Workbench 

set up accordingly. 

Graphics 

If one feature makes the Amiga stand out 

in a crowd more than any other it has to be 

the graphics. What makes this, and the 

sound, so outstanding are the three 

dedicated chips designed by Jay Miner, 

founder of Amiga. These chips, 

affectionately called AGN US, DENISE, 

and PAULA, effectively allow the main 

CPU to do other things while they take on 

specific roles, such as controlling graphics 

and sound. 

In exact terms, the Amiga has four 

resolutions; 320 * 200, 320 * 400,640 • 200, 

and 640 • 400. However, the two modes 

that involve the use of 400 vertical pixels 

are more difficult to control as it requires 

a special feature called Interlacing. This 

allows the programmer to utilise the 

unused spaces to double the vertical 

resolution. 

In each different mode you also have 

different amounts of available colours. In 

total the Amiga has a palette of 4096 

colours, and in low-resolution you can 

put up to 32 different colours onscreen at 

once. However, the higher resolution 

modes have correspondingly less 

available colours. One clever trick that 

can be used in certain situations however 

is called HAM (Hold And Modify). This 

method allows all 4096 colours to be 

displayed on screen simultaneously, 

while only sacrificing 48K. By producing 

this quality of colour resolution you can 

produce pictures of a standard as yet 

unsurpassed on a personal computer. 

One word that will be recognisable to 

almost all of you is sprites. The Amiga can 

cope with up to eight sprites on screen at 

once, each of which can be as tall as is 

required, although only 16 pixels across. 

For animation purposes the Amiga also 

has something called a Blitter (Block 

Image Transferrer), and although this is by 

no means limited to graphics, it can be 

used to move large amounts of graphics 

data around the screen at amazing 

speeds, creating some outstanding 

effects. 

It is features such as the colour palette, 

as well as the Blitter, that make it obvious 

what potential the Amiga has as a graphics 

machine. 

Sound 

To complement the Amiga's graphics, it 

comes with a dazzling potential for sound 

generation. Controlled by the Paula chip, 

it can produce stereo output through the 

left and right external sockets, and 

without too much difficulty, can produce 

sounds to rival some more expensive 

synthesisers. 

The Amiga provide5 the user with four 

separate sound channels, each of which 

can be used to carry a wide range of 

sounds, they do not have to be 

monophonic. By using digital sounds 

and envelopes, the Amiga is quite capable 

of producing sounds which have been 

sampled, and then converted to the 

correct format, only to reproduce them 

perfectly later. 

As well as producing excellent quality 

sound, the standard Amiga can produce 

quite breathtaking speech, simply by 

using simple commands, thus narrating 

software packages are no longer a thing of 

the past! 

Peripherals 

If you want a machine that will grow as a 

system, then the Amiga certainly has the 

potential. With its plethora of ports (I), it 

should be possible to interface almost 

anything to this machine, with the right 

software, 

Printers are well provided for in the 

Preferences program, with most popular 

makes such as Epson, Diablo, 

Commodore, and others all having 

software already written to take 

advantage of the graphics, 

Modems too are easy to rig up, with a 

totally programmable serial port, it should 

just be a question of plug in and go. I am 

currently running a 1200 baud modem 

with no troubles. 

Conclusion 

Although I have only managed to touch 

the surface of what the Amiga is really 

capable of, it is clear to me that, lilt is 

marketed properly, this machine could 

succeed by creating a market, rather than 

fitting in as a run of the mill PC,that would 

be a real shame!

Gareth Thomas brings 

The Mic Loader 

MICROFILE64 IS A COMPLETE 

database creation and 

management system for the 

C64. It consists of a suite of 

three programs, the fi rst 

IISE 

program is mainly a machine 

code loader but it also carries 

out 'once only' operations such 

as setting up the SID and VIC 

chips etc. for the main pro- 

PROGRAM: MF64.M/C 

0 REMESPC2IISSIIIIUMISIII 

2020 DATA 51,240,45,201,4, 

240,8,201,5,240,1235 

2030 DATA 4,201,6,208,9,133, 

grams, and then auto-runs the 

254,169,1,133,1118 

management program. The 

management program consists 

of shell-metzner sorting routines, 

a very powerful data 

10 REM IE8PC21MICROFILE64 

N/CCSPC2A 

20 REM ItSPC6NER1.0ESPC7II 

2040 DATA 203,76,72,235,165, 

214,201,1,208,7,1382 

2050 DATA 169,2,133,214,76, 

search and edit system and a 30 REM I ICI 1985 ETHOMAS 72,235,201,23,208,1333 

unique data access method for 

tape and disk. The third 

program is the format program, 

this allows the user to design a 

complete screen layout for the 

input of data using any of the 

available colours, rvs video, 

graphics characters and even 

the fullscreen editing facilities 

of the 64. Then by using a sprite 

cursor and an overlayed popup 

menu, it defi nes the 

40 REM 

50 : 

60 REM LOCK INTO CHARACTER 

SET 2 

70 PRINT CHRSII4ICHRSI8) 

80 REM BLACK SCREEN 

90 POKE 53280,0:POKE 53281,0 

100 

120 PRINT 

2060 DATA 249,169,22,133,214, 

76,72,235,169,127,1466 

2070 DATA 141„220,96,120, 

169,67,141,143,2,1099 

2080 DATA 169,202,141,144,2, 

88,96,120,169,72,1203 

2090 DATA 141,143,2,169,235, 

141,144,2,88,96,1161 

2100 DATA 169,185,32,210,255, 

32,228,255,240,251,1857 

parameters affecting each of 

the fields i.e. length. datatype, 

input position and name. 

The mic is placed above 

Basic in the 4K block at SC000 

from $CA43 to SCAC5. So 

taking no Basic memory. The 

m/c is wedged between the 

stored screen definition which 

is split into two; the screen 

memory from $C000 and the 

colour 'memory from SCCO5 

1 (WHITE,RVSON,DOWNfl 

(CLEAR LOADING DATA 

PTA8II2 

130 051779:LNa2000 

I" 140 READ 8:IF 8.(256 THEN POK 

E A,8:12T+804+1:6OTO 140 

150 IF T2B THEN Tt0:00L144.10 

:SOTO 140 

160 IF B2999 THEN 190 

180 PRINT TA819) 

. ERROR IN LINE 

2110 DATA 170,76,206,202,165, 

251,197,252,240,241,2000 

2120 DATA 230,251,169,157,32, 

210,255,138,32,210,1684 

2130 DATA 255,169,185,32,210, 

255,138,96,133,254,1727 

2140 DATA 201,133,240,249, 

201,134,240,245,201,135, 

1979 

2150 DATA 240,241,201,13,240, 

using mic routines the screen 

can be stored and recalled 

instantly for updating the file. 

Being stored in this block 

means that over 28.5K is free for 

EDOWN3DAT 

190 POKE 1 650,128:S1)254272 

A IVC253248 LN:STOP 

200 REM SET UP SID AND VIC 

CHIPS 

237,201,20,208,21,1622 

2160 DATA 165,251,240,197, 

198,251,198,251,169,29, 

1949 

data. This is allocated to 200 210 FOR LtSD TO 50+24 2170 DATA 32,210,255,169,20, 

records of up to nine fields 

each one being allowed a maximum 

length of 255 characters 

this number of records could 

easily be altered up to two or 

three times more and although 

the maximum field length is 255 

this would probably never be 

used and is set at this to impose 

no constraints on the user. 

Since string storage is dynamic, 

the field length could be set to 

this and it would not 

immediately be allocated 255 

bytes. Details on how to extend 

the program will be given later 

in the documentation). 

The leader itself stores 5 

m/c routines. They are: 

1. Interrupt driven routine 

($CAA8 - CB43): To control the 

:POKE L,OINEXT 

220 POKE SD+24 

1230 

POKE SP5,64:POKE SI:14.6,64 

15 240 POKE SP2,64:POKE SD+3,2 

250 POKE SD,21POKE SD+1,20 

260 POKE 2040 

270 1 POKE VC4.21,0:POKE VC+1,58 

13:POKE 

280 POKE VC4.39,1 

V290 REM C , AUTO-RUN 2 4 MAIN PROBRAM 

310 POKE 631,1311POKE 198,1 

NEW 

320 

330 REM NC DATA 

2000 DATA 165,203,170,173, 

141,2,201,1,240,9,138,1443 

2010 DATA 201,45,240,54,201, 

47,240,50,138,201,1417 

32,210,255,76,182,1441 

2180 DATA 202,201,32,48,176, 

201,95,16,172,165,1308 

2190 DATA 253,201,1,208,16, 

138,201,32,240,170,1460 

2200 DATA 201,65,48,157,201, 

91,16,153,76,182,1190 

2210 DATA 202,201,2,208,33, 

138,201,43,240,150,1418 

2220 DATA 201,47,240,146,201, 

42,240,142,201,45,1505 

2230 DATA 240,138,138,201,46, 

240,133,201,48,48,1433 

2240 DATA 14,201,58,16,10,76, 

182,202,201,3,963 

2250 DATA 240,236,76,182,202, 

you your own type-in 

C64 Database. 

16 

Basic input routine and use the 

full cursor editing. This has 

three purposes: to stop the 

cursor scrolling the screen by 

denying it access to the top and 

bottom lines; de-activate the 

colon and comma keys while 

allowing their shifted, controlled 

and CBM functions to 

be registered: allows the 

INPUT routine to be exited by 

pressing function keys as well 

as RETURN. 

2. Input routine (SCAM - 

SCB43): This routine simulates 

the Basic input routine but 

improves on it by adding: the 

ability to preset the maximum 

number of characters to be 

entered; allowing only certain 

data to be entered which can 

be preset and can be of four 

types - alphanumeric, digit. 

numeric or for any other 

numeric data being entered it 

is possible to specify a particular 

amount i.e. less than„ 

greater than or between. 

3. Cursor. AT(SCB46 - SCB72): 

this simulates the PRINT AT 

command found in many other 

Basics. It uses the kernal PLOT 

routine at SHFCland a few Basic 

ROM calls to allow parameter 

passing of the row and column 

positions from the SYS call. 

4. Screen sdlore (SCB73 - 

SCBBB): This stores a copy of 

the screen layout defined by 

the format program (except for 

the top and bottom rows). It 

stores the screen memory at 

$CCO5, the colour memory at 

SC000. 

5. Screen recall (SCBBC - 

SCC04): This recalls a copy of 

the screen stored by the 

routine above. 

If you wish to use the system 

on disk then the three 

programs must be saved under 

the fi lenames MF64.M/C, 

MF64. MAIN and MF64. FORM 

in order to maintain the compatibility 

with the routines 

used in the main arid format 

programs. Also certain lines 

need to be altered in the 

machine code loader so that 

the main program is auto-run 

correctly, this is shown below. 

Type in the following lines, 

with the m/c loader in 

memory:

76,173,202,32,121,1540 145,251,177,20,145,163, 

IDOWN2P:INPUPIRIEHT,SEl 

2260 DATA 0,32,253,174,32, 1770 

PROGRAM: MF64.MAIN 

NTER FILENAME.."04 

138,173,32,247,183,1264 2370 DATA 200,192,152,208, 

175 IF F4="sOR LEN(F4))16 TH 

2270 DATA 165,20,201,40,144, 243,96,169,40,133,251,1684 

0 REM $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 

EN 170 

3,32,72,178,72,927 

1 REM ICSPCEMICROFILE64 

2380 DATA 169,4,133,252,169, 

176 IF FWENTHEN PRINT' 

2280 DATA 32,253,174,32,138, 

ESPC431 

5,133,253,169,204,1491 

ICLEARI":60TO 100 

173,32,247,183,165,1429 2390 DATA 133,254,167,133 

3 REM CSPC2]MAINISPC2l 

190 PRINT 

2290 DATA 20,201,25,176,237, 

PROGRAMISPCM 

1 20,169,192,133,21,1224 

. :ON VAL(64)60SUB 1000, 

170,104,168,24,32,1157 2400 DATA 169,40,133,163,169, 

4 REM $ (C)1986 B.THOMAS 3 

CCLEAR 1110,1200,1300,1400 

2300 DATA 240,255,96,169,5, 

5 REM 111111311111:11MIS 

216,133,164,160„1347 

I° 1PRINPICLEARPI6OTO 100 

133,251,169,204,133,1655 

6 1 

2410 DATA 177,253,145,251, 

200 : 

2310 DATA 252,169,40,133,253, 

15 1 

177,20,145,163,200,208, 

900 REM OUTPUT FILE TO DISK 

169,4,133,254,169,1576 1739 

17 PRINT'ICLEAR,00WN4,WHITE 1000 OPEN 15,8,15,"10° 

2320 DATA 40,133,20,169,216, 2420 DATA 245,230,252,230, 

uTAB(9)'441ISPC,SM,SI,SC, :OPEN 2,8,2, 

133,21,167„133,1034 254,230,21,230,164,166, 

SR,SO,SF,SI,SL,SEl64 Ill' 

1:GOSUB 

1350:IF EI•63 THEN 

2330 DATA 163,169,192,133, 2022 

:PRINT TAMPEDOWN2, 

01"44.0, 

1000 

164,160„177,253,145,1556 2430 DATA 252 

GREENIVER4.2(C)1986ISPC, 1005 6,0* IF El THEN RETURN 

2340 DATA 251,177,20,145,163, 1 177,253,145,251,177,1925 

SEARETHESPC,STMOMAS 1010 60SUB 1600:CLOSE 15 

200,208,245,230,252,1891 

224,7,20 

2440 DATA 20,145,163,200,192, 20 PRINT TABOPEDOWN3 :RETURN 

2350 DATA 230,254,230,21,230, 

I YELLOW,SPC 

8,231, 152,208,243,96,1419 

1020 

164,166,254,224,7,1780 2450 DATA 797 

RYSON, 1SE,SYl 

IST,SOl ISC,SO,SN, 1030 REM INPUT FILE FROM DISK 

2360 DATA 208,231,177,253, 

• SA,SN,SYI 

ST,SI,SN,SU,SE,SPCl" 1110 OPEN 15,8,15, 

(SK IAT=52038:WAIT 198,1:RC21 1 :OPEN 2,8,2, 

25 

310 PRINT' (WO (DOWN) MINH_ you've typed this in, the next I 

10' 1:60SUB 

1350:IF El THEN RE 

°ADIDAS 00 "064. PIAIN•CHRS( step is to design the screen 

26 REM MAIN LOOP TURN 01 

30 GOSUB 9500:IF 1108 THEN CLR 

34) ',8 

1120 

1 

GOSUB 1700:CLOSE 15 

A cursor will start flashing 108 

14 

44-0,601 

:RETURN 

320 POKE631,13:POKE632,13 near the top left, you can move 

35 ON ii+1 GOSH 6000,100,30 

1PO 330 PRINT '(DOWN) (DOWN) (DOWN it anywhere on the screen 

1130 

" 

1 1800,2500,3100,3500,8000, 1140 REM OUTPUT FILE TO TAPE 

KE1 1 tDOWN)RUCHOPIE) 

4490,5825 

98, 1 ; :NEN 

of the C64. Care should be 

1200 OPEN 2,1,1,F1160SUB 1600 

40 IF 09 AND RF.0 THEN CLR :RETURN 

2 

u s i n 

taken though, since use of the 

The Format Program insert can cause the whole :RC1 

g 

1210 

l 

screen to move down a line 

50 6070 30 

t 1220 REM INPUT FILE FROM TAPE 

aThe 

format h program can be run which can mess up your design. 

55 

e by selecting option eight of the Apart from colon and comma 

1300 OPEN 2,1,0,F4160SUB 1700 

y 

fmain menu u of microfile64 (this keys which cause the awful 56 REM DATA I/O S/R :RETURN 

o 

lis discussed l fully in the section "?Extra ignored" message, all 100 PRINT TAB:12)'[SD,SA,ST, 1310 

udealing 

e d 

with 

i 

the mai 

SA] (61)/CSOl ISM,SE,SN, 1320 REM READ DISK ERROR STA 

tn 

program). 

t 

o 

i 

t hThe n 

e r format program including graphics, also colour Stir:PRINT TAB(12)'ICT131 

transfers data to the main and reverse can be used in the 

TUS 

_c 

g 

h a r a c t e r s 

1:PRINT 

TABi9PIDOWNll - 

program by saving the data as a usual way. All this means that 

1350 INPUT415,EI,M4 

a 

ffile r 

called 

e 

u "FORMAT" n 

which pretty nifty displays can be ISPC,SUAVE TO DISK. :IF EI(20 THEN EIO:RETURN 

acan c be c 

t loaded c 

i 

e into p the t main designed if time and care is 120 PRINT TAB(9)'IDOWN)2 - 

1370 PRINT TAB(6) 

a 

oprogram b 

n 

lagain s 

e by using option taken. 

(SPC,SIJOAD FROM DISK.' 1 RVSON,SPC,SEISK ERROR 

eight. The screen data is not I n the design screen mode, :PRINT TAB(9) 

actually saved since this could the top line shows the user the 

CDOWN, ISPC,00WN2r:PRINT TAB(5) 

1 

only be lost if the computer is job for each of the function 

ISPC,SEAVE TO TAPE. El'- 914:60SUB 9800 

switched off as it is stored keys; Fl (Exit) allows you to 140 PRINT (DOWN)3 TAB(9) 1380 IF E1063 THEN CLOSE 2 

above Basic. The transferring of start designing the database 1 -ESPC,SUOAD 

FROM TAPE.' 

:CLOSE 151WAIT 198,1 

data has to be carried out this again from the beginning if you (DOWNl4 :PRINT TAB(9) 

:RETURN 

way since no CHAIN command made a mistake; F3 (Clear) will 

- . CSPC,SE1XIT.CDOWN31 

exists in CBM Basic to control clear the screen to allow you to 

1390 REM IF FILE EXITS CONFI 

150 60SUB CDOWNl5 5800:IF 6401"OR 6 

variable storage when a new start designing the screen 

RM SAVE 

program is loaded in. l a y o u t again without having to 

0"5 - 

1400 PRINT'EDOWN2l'ISRPTO 

When the program is run, go back to the beginning; F5 160 1IF 

648 

REPLACE OR '[SC] 

you are asked how many fields (Next) skips to the next process 1170 

TH PRINT'ICLEAR,DOWN,RIGHT, 'TO CHANGE FILENAME F 

you will need from one to nine of defining the fields and 5"THEN EN SENTER '(SE]' TO EXIT 

(this maximum of nine could recalls a previously defined 

be increased easily if necessary. screen, this is useful if you wish 

R 1E 

T 

The method is described later). to redesign the parameters for program U 5R 

Nis 

more complex, this you reach this section, the first 

A field is an individual data the database without having to is where 0 the parameters thing to notice is the fast 

item within a record, for design the screen layout again_ affecting each field are de- flashing cursor in the top left - 

example, if you wished to On ce you've fi nished fi ned. This is in four steps. First move this cursor to where you 

design a layout for a club designing your screen, press the input position, secondly wish each field to be input in 

membership booking system RETURN. The new screen will the field datatype, thirdly the turn, pressing RETURN to store 

you might need four fields; be stored instantly, wiping over input length and last of all the the position. In the top right of 

name, address, telephone and any previous definition_ n a m e of the field, this is the screen the number of the 

membership number, After T h e next part of the repeated for each field, When fi eld currently being defined is 

17

displayed. If we take the 

example of the club membership 

system, then the display 

might look something like this: 

Club Membership System 

Name - 

Address - 

Tel. no - 

Membership no. - 

Then, to define the input position 

for 'Name', you might 

move the cursor to the column 

next to the dash after *Name' 

and then store the position by 

pressing RETURN. 

After the input position has 

been set an overlayed menu 

will come down (if you've just 

typed the program in it's not a 

bug). This is where you select 

the type of data the field will 

hold, there are four types; 

alphabetic, numeric, digit and 

other. These options are on the 

menu plus another five, The 

extra ones are used to limit the 

values of data entered and all 

conform to the rules for 

'DIGIT' data; 

1 ALPHABETIC - alphabetic 

characters only 

2 NUMERIC - 0 to 9 plus+,-,/,* 

and point 

3 DIGIT - 0 to 9 only 

4 ANYTHING - any keyboard 

character 

5 BETWEEN between but NOT 

equal to two numbers 

6 < than 

7 > than 

8 < than or = to 

9 > than or = to 

To select datatype move the 

blue cursor with the up/down 

cursor key to the required type 

and press RETURN. If you 

select any datatype above four 

then you will be asked to input 

the relevant values.which must 

be conformed to, in the 

window at the bottom of the 

menu. If you have made a 

mistake in selecting the input 

position, pressing 'E' will return 

back to this part without updating 

the field pointer to the 

next field, so that you may redefine. 

The third parameter to 

define is the length_ After the 

datatype menu has disappeared, 

a cross cursor will 

appear next to the position you 

defined for the input, with a 

reverse video representation of 

the field number in the exact 

location. Holding down any 

key will move the cursor which 

will leave a trail of dots behind 

it, each representing one 

1410 GET GS:IF 6$2"R"THEN 14 

50 

1420 IF ESOPCITHEN 1410 

1430 60SU8 1500:IF FWE'THE 

N EI.IIRETURN 

1440 CLOSE 2:CLOSE 15:RETURN 

1441 REM SCRATCH OLD FILE 

1450 PRINT115, 

1 :CLOSE 2:CLOSE 15:RETURN 

50: 1451 

11530 

REM SAVE FILES 

41 1535 REM BET DATATYPE 

1600 GOSS 9800:PRINT 

1 RI6HT,SF1ORMAT OR DATA' 

1601 1DOWN2, GET 6$:1F 6$.1"THEN 16 

30 

1602 IF 6$0 

11603 

REM SAVE FORMAT 

F"THEN 1609 PRINT02,FO:PRINT#2,7 

11610 6FOR 06.0 1TO 

6 

:FOR H.0 TO FD 

:IF 8$(6,10."THEN 8$16, 

H1." 

1615 PRINT12,86(6,H1INEXT 

:NEXT 

1620 REM SAYE SCREEN LAYOUT 

1621 SC.49152:C0.52229 

:FOR I.SC TO SC+919 

IPRINT62,CHRSCPEEK(I)1CHR 

CPEEK1C0.11-SC)1i 

1622 NEXT:CLOSE 2:RETURN 

1623 t 

1624 REM SAVE DATA 

1630 PRINT12,1":PRINT42,RC 

1631 FOR 6=1 TO RC-1 

:FOR H=0 TO FD 

1PRINT112,AC4,6::NEXT:NEXT 

:CLOSE 2:RETURN 

1632 

1633 REM INPUT FILES 

1700 IF RF THEN 1720 

1701 REM SAYE FORMAT 

1709 INPUT02,FD:INPUT112,MI 

1711 IF MSOINTHEN PRINT' 

1DOWN3,RIGHTZI ESHATA 

TYPE MISMATCH I I" 

:WAIT 198,1:CLOSE 2:RETURN 

1712 HSU 9980:FOR 6.0 TO 6 

:FOR H.0 TO FD 

:INPUT12,11$(6,H::NEXT:NEXT 

1715 REM INPUT SCREEN LAYOUT 

1716 SC=491521C0.52229 

:FOR I.SC TO SC+919 

:BET112,ACIF A$ 

01 .CHRS(0) 

1717 THEN POKE I,ASCCACIGET02,A$ 

A:IF AS."THEN l AS=CHRS(0) 

1718 POKE CO+I-SC,ASCCAI: 

INEXT:RF.1:CLOSE 2:RETURN 

1719 REM INPUT DATA 

1720 INPUT112,M$ 

18 

1721 IF MS(PD"THEN PRINT' 

EDOWN3,SPC11 ICSDI 

ATA TYPE MISMATCHI t" 

:WAIT 198,1:RC=1:CLOSE 2 

:RETURN 

1722 INPUT#2,RC:FOR 621 TO R 

C-11FOR H.0 TO FD 

:INPUT#2 

1:CLOSE 

2:RETURN 

1723 

ACH, 

1724 

61:NEXT: 

REM UPDATE S/R 

1800 

NEXT 

PRINTIELEARP:EF.0 

:IF RC.200 THEN SYS AT,6, 

12:PRINT"CSN10 MORE ROOM 

FOR DATA':WAIT 198,1 

:RETURN 

1810 PRINT'1HOME,C7,RVSON, 

SPC,WHITUF1-1SEHIEC7, 

SPC2,WHITE1F3-ISR1EDOEC7, 

SPC2,WHITE1F5-1SCEMORY 

(07)11SR1ECORPSTRURC1" 

CSPC31':SYS 52156 

1820 FOR 1.0 TO FD:60SUB 2000 

:IF P.133 THEN RETURN 

1825 IF A$(1,RC). 

11RC1.":60TO 

1850 

THEN 1826 REM REMOVE EXTRA SPACES 

1830 C0.01FOR 1.0 TO-1 STEP 0 

:CO.004.11T.:RIGHTI(A$11, 

RC:,C010" "11NEXTICO2C0-1 

1840 AS(I,RC1.LEFTICAI1I,RC1, 

LENCAS:1,R01-00/ 

1850 NEXT:RC.RC4.1:60TO 1810 

1860 1 

1870 REM MAIN INPUT S/R 

1880 REM SET UP ZERO-PAGE 

LOCATIONS FOR M/C INPUT 

2000 Y.VAL(8$10,M 

1 X2VAL (8$ (10 ) 

:SYS AT,X-3,Y-61POKE 231 

:POKE 1 252,VAL(6$(3,1)1 

2010 0POKE 

253,VAL(LEFTS:13114, 

1/0)) 

2011 REM PRINT CURSOR AND 

SET INPUT POSITION 

2020 PRINT"1CO,UPP 

:SYS AT,X-2,Y-6:It."" 

:FOR T.0 TO 1 STEP 0 

:SYS 51885:P=PEEK(254) 

IF EF THEN 2035 

2021 IF P2135 THEN 60SU8 9800 

:GOSH 2400:NEXT 

2025 IF P.I34 AND I THEN I$. 

1$.0 ":60SUB 2420:T=1:NEXT 

:60TO 2000 

2030 IF P.133 THEN T.IINEXT 

:RETURN 

2031 REM DELETE CHARS 

2035 IF P.20 THEN IS.LEFTSCI 

$,PEEK(25111:NEXT 

character. This gives a visual 

representation of the fi eld 

length, but on the bottom line 

is a count of the number of 

characters. The cursor may be 

moved until either a length of 

255 is reached, or another 

character is encountered in 

front of the cursor. RETURN 

sets the length and DEL allows 

you to move back the cursor. 

The final part of this section 

of the program is typing in the 

field name. You will be 

prompted to do this on the 

bottom line after defining the 

length. All the processes discussed 

then have to be 

repeated for each field. As in 

the previous section for 

defining the screen layout, in 

this section the function keys 

have certain uses. They are; Fl 

(Exit) returns back to the 

beginning of the program; F3 

(Clear) homes the cursor and 

resets the field count to one; F5 

(Back) allows you to go back 

and redefine the previous field 

if you made a mistake. 

When you have finished 

defining the database the 

program will ask if you wish to 

save the data to tape or disk. If 

you choose tape remember to 

take note of the tape count. 

You must also wind the tape 

back to the position of the main 

program so that it can be autorun 

(of course on disk this is 

automatic). 

Management or Main 

Program 

When the main program has 

auto-run, press any key to exit 

the intro screen so that you are 

then presented with the main 

menu. In the top right of the 

screen is printed the number of 

empty records remaining i.e. 

how many more records can be 

input. Laid out below this are 

the 10 main functions of the 

management program which 

can be accessed by pressing 

zero to nine, When the 

program is fi rst run only 

options one and eight can be 

selected since no data is 

present and also there is no 

'format' where it can be held. 

The formatting can be done 

using option eight, which will 

be described later, or option 

one can be used to lead in a 

format or any data. 

To describe how to use the 

program ril go through each 

option in turn: 

1 — Press this yields yet 

another menu with five more 

options all of which are really

self-explanatory. When any of 

these are selected you will be 

asked to supply a filename. This 

must be no longer than 16 

characters. Typing 'E' will exit 

to the main menu. Before 

describing other parts of DATA 

I/O, I must first describe the 

unusual method in which the 

program handles data files_ 

Files can be loaded/saved in 

one of two forms either 

program data, i.e. the actual 

records of data or the format 

data. The format data takes a 

while to load/save even with 

disk since it is itself split into 

two halves. Firstly, the format 

parameters are saved i.e. field 

length, name etc, and then the 

screen layout data which takes 

the time to load. Saving the 

data as two separate files may 

sound strange but it creates a 

very fl exible system. For 

example, if you select load 

from tape and a format is 

already present (if not then 

program automatically 

assumes you wish to load a 

format), firstly, you will be 

prompted to enter the type of 

file to be loaded: "Format or 

data?". This means that if you 

select data you can load in 

different sets of data for the 

same format, so it is possible to 

create many data files from one 

format fi le so overcoming 

memory limitations. If you 

select format and load a new 

format then the data present 

will be erased and new data file 

must be loaded. 

If you try to load a file which 

is data but you select format 

when prompted the computer 

will give an error message after 

reading the fi le header and 

return to the menu. 

Note 

The data I/O option cannot be 

used to load a transfer file from 

the format program. Option 

eight must be used for this. 

The next, option two, is 

print fi le. I have left this 

unwritten since I have no 

printer and also there are many 

different types, but provision 

has been made for a subroutine. 

If pressed the menu 

will just be listed again. My 

suggestion is to place the 

subroutine starting at line 4200 

which means the third line 

number (30) in the ON... 

GOSUB at line 35 must be 

altered. To help you the sir at 

4005 will list all the records 

found by a search. Also look at 

the view option. Finally, the 

C64/C128 

2040 IF P013 THEN ISEISI.CHR 

S(P):NEXT 

2041 REM CHECK FOR EDIT FLAB 

2610 PRINT 

1 ON VAL(BCGOSUB 2620, 

CCLEAR 3000,3093,2890 

array B$ holds the format data 

and B$ 'fi eld number two) 

contains the name of each field 

and records are held by AS in 

2045 IF EF AND 6$0"0"THEN 

EI1NEXT:RETURN 

r :PRINT'ICLEAR,WHITEr 

:IF RC>1 THEN 2500 

the form A$ (field number, 

record number). 

2050 AS(I,RC)EISIIF LEFTS(BS 

(40),1)0"3"THEN PRINT C 

HRS(20):RETURN 

2060 

2615 SYS AT,8,101PRINT" 

IRVSON,SPC,S1110 RECORDS 

REMAININS 1 

:WAIT : 198,1:RETURN 

The third option Updateallows 

the updating of the file 

i.e. typing in new records. 

When pressed, the layout you 

designed using the format 

2070 REM CHECK IF INPUT IS 

IN RANH 

2300 VL.VAL(AS(I,RC)) 

:KS.MIDS(BS(4,1),2 

2620 6OSUB SYS AT,10,8:INPUPUR) 

ECORD 9 8NO.";ER:IF 0 ER KSE"B"ANDO/LVA1ORi 

KS.">= 

UB 1 9800:NEXT 

2360 AND ASII,RNEISIPRINT CHRS( 

CSF3ORWARDIC7,SPC,WHITE, 

SC-CSAJLTEREC7,SPC,WHITE, 

SD)-ESD3ELIC7,SPC,WHITE, 

SE)-ISENITEC7,SPC,HOMEr 

:GOSUB 3420 

2631 IF SWA'THEN 2640 

2635 IF SWEITHEN RETURN 

2636 SOSUB 2830:IF RC>1 THEN 

POKE 198,11POKE 631,60 

;SOTO 2630 

hand corner,a number displays 

the current record being typed 

in, as usual the function keys 

have been used which are also 

displayed on the top line they 

are: (Exit) will exit back to the 

main menu, this will not update 

the record counter and any 

data that was typed for the 

current record will be last: F3 

(REDO) this allows the user to 

retype the previous field, while 

VL< 20):RETURN 

2370YA1 

2380 THE REM FREE BYTES ROUTINE 

2400 N PSESTRUFRE(0))+ 

1 BYTES B 

FREMLNELEN(PS) 

O 

;FOR PEI TO LW 

S:POKE 

19904.P,ASCNIDCPS, 

P,11) 

2410 POKE 562624,1:NEXT 

2637 RETURN 

2640 SOSUB 98001PRINTs[NOME, 

RVSON,C7,SPC5,WHITE,SPC, 

SUELECT DATA AND PRESS 

ESPC,SR,SE,ST,SU,SR,SN, 

SPC,C7,SPC43 

2650 6SYS 

AT,0,241PRINT 

1 RVSON,SPC,SHITE,SU) 

(C7, SE CURSOR KEY TO MOVE UP/ 

deleting any data that has been 

typed on the current field; FS 

(Memory) displays on the 

bottom line the number of free 

bytes remaining, this may take 

a few seconds and is due to 

FRE(0) and not to my program. 

The number will remain on the 

bottom line until any key is 

pressed. 

The fourth option - Edit- is 

:POKE 198,01WAIT 198,1 

:FOR P.1 TO LW 

:POKE 19904,32:NEXT 

:RETURN 

2415 1 

2416 REM REDO S/R 

DOWN(C7,6PC,WHITE,SEHSE1 

XITIC7,SPC,HOME) 

2655 DEO:606UB 2980 

2660 SET GS:IF StePTHEN 26 

30 

2680 IF DetUPPTHEN GOSUB 

probably the most complex in 

the program but has some very 

powerful function. When 

pressed you are presented with 

another menu. Again I will go 

through these options in order 

starting with Edit. After 

2420 AS(I,RC)EISIDEI:ERERC 

160SUB 2970:PRINT L$11E1-1 

:DEI:50SUB 2970:PRINT LS 

:RETURN 

2985:D4-1:IF DO-1 THEN 

GOSUB 2980 

2690 IF DO THEN D.FD 

:SOSUB 2980 

selecting this and entering the 

number of the record you wish 

to edit, once entered, the 

screen will display the record, 

and the bottom line will list the 

2430 1 

2440 REM EDIT SIR 


1 STI ISM,SE,SN,SUP 

ESEpSD ;PRINT TAB(13) 

I SPRINT 1 TABI8) 

SI, 1ISPC,SUDIT 

(C19r RECORDS. 

2530 (DOWN11 

PRINT TAB(8) 

1 --ESPC,SEEARCH 

& REPLACE 

2700 IF 6WEDOWN3 

'THEN SOSUB 2985:114+1 

:IF DOF0+1 THEN GOSUB 29 

80 

2710 IF D>F1) THEN 2635 

2720 IF 61OCHRS(13)THEN 2660 

2730 GOSUB 9800:PRINT"EHOME, 

RVSON,C7,SPC4,WHITE,SPC, 

SEELECT EDIT OPTIONkey 

function. The top right 

shows the record currently 

being displayed using the 

inequality keys ( ). You can 

look at other records going 

backwards/forwards and when 

you have definitely found the 

record you wish to edit, 

pressing 'D' will delete the 

whole record, 'E' will exit back 

to the menu or 'A' will allow 

[DOWN]2 . 

1-ISPC,SEEARCH 

& DELETE. 

2550 1PRINT 

TABIEIEDOWN)4 

P-[SPC,SELOCK 

DELETE.' 

R:PRINT 

TAMPIDOWN]5 - 

ISPC11,C7,SPC4I° 

2740 SYS AT,0,24:PRINTqC7, 

RYSON,SPC2,WHITE,SPC,S0)- 

CSOIYERWRITE[SPC,C7,5P02, 

WHITE,SPC,SONSUELETE 

you to alter it. Selecting 'A' 

changes the prompts on the 

bottom and top lines and also 

turns the data in the first field to 

inverse video. Using the cursor 

up/down key, you can select 

IESPC,SENIT.CDOWN31 

2590 NSOSUB 

5800:IF SWPOR 

T 

6S>"5"THEN 2590 

2600 

T 

IF 611. 

1 

A 

5 

B 

1 

( 

THEN 

B 

R 

) 

E T U 

CSPC,C7,SPC,WHITE,SPC,SE 

-ISEHIT[SPC,C7,SPC2,HOME) 

2750 SET SS:IF SWEITHEN SO 

19 

the field to alter when you have 

it, pressing RETURN will 

change the prompts again for 

the third and final time asking 

you to select the 'Edit option', 

D will delete all the data in the

field or '0' will allow you to 

overwrite new data into it. If 

you made a mistake selecting 

thefield,Ewill let you exit back 

to choose another field. 

Next on the EDIT menu is 

SEARCH and REPLACE.Thisisa 

very powerful feature using 

fully all the SEARCH routines in 

the program. After selecting 

the field you wish to search, 

type in the search data. The 

String must be prefixed with 

character to indicate which 

type of search is to be done. 

The sixdifferenttypesarelisted 

at the top of the screen (for 

information on these see the 

documentation on for the 

search option). 

If scan string is used it can 

be made to insert data in a 

number of records e.g. to insert 

a middle name into MARK 

ANTHONY you would type; 

Search data ?@ANTHONY 

Replace data?ANDREW 

ANTHONY 

The name ANDREW would 

then be inserted at every 

occurrence of this name, but 

be careful since the routine 

searches for the fi rst 

occurrence of the string within 

a field, Le. if you wanted to 

insert my middle name DANIEL 

into GARETH THOMAS you 

could not use the shortened 

version e.g. 

Search data?@TH 

Replace data?DANIEL TH 

since the result would be 

GAREDANIEL TH THOMAS 

because TH occurs twice in my 

name, instead you would have 

to type the whole e.g. 

Search data?gTHOMAS 

Replace data?DANIEL THOMAS 

Search and Delete is similar 

in operation and replace. If you 

select any of the search options 

apart from '@' scan string the 

whole fi eld will be deleted. 

Using scan string can enable 

you to delete from inside a 

string e.g. to delete my middle 

name; 

Search data? @ DANIEL 

Note the space before DANIEL, 

since otherwise the result 

would be CARETHTHOMAS 

because the new string is 

reassembled around the 

position of the old one and 

their are two spaces around the 

old one. 

SUB 4400:60TO 2640 

2760 REM DELETE FIELD 

HOMEPIGOSUB 9800 

2906 GET 68:IF 68= 

2770 IF 6$N 

1 ER)N":GOSUB 4400 

DITHEN 160TO 2640 

A2780 S IF ( 6$0 D 

2781 

, 1 REM OVERWRITE FIELD-CAL 

0 L INPUT S/R WITH EDIT FLA 

1 6 SET SAVE MAIN VARIABL 

THEN ES 

2790 2 7GOSUB 5 29701ECACIRCNER 

0 1120160SUB 2000 

2800 IF ISN"THEN AS(D,ER)N 

1 

2810 RCNEC:GOSUB 4400 

:60TO 2640 

1 TURN 

N2907 

IF 610 

1 12910 

PRINPECLEARY 

THEN Y :SYS AT,9,14:PRINT R E 

1 1ESPC,SD,SE,SL,SE,ST,SI,SN, 

THEN 8SG,SPC3$ 

8 

22911 9REM 0MOVE 

RECORDS DOWN 

6 TO DELETE BLOCK 

2920 FOR 0N07+1 TO RC-1 

FOR FNO TO FD 

:Al(F,OF-1+(0-0T))=AliF,DI 

!NEXT:NEXT 

2930 RENRC-M-OFWIRETURN 

2940 1 

2830 SYS AT,0,24:PRINT 2950 REM DELETE DATA ON SCRE 

1 RVSON,SPC6,WHITE,SPC3,SU 

EC7, RE YOU SURE7ESPC4,C7, 

EN FOR OVERWRITE 

2970 LIN":FOR LN1 TO LENCAS 

SPC12,HOME1 

2840 GET GIF 6$N 

1 TURN 

N2860 

IF 6$0 

1 12870 

SYS AT,0,24:PRINT'EC7 

THEN Y1 

RYSON,SPC8,WHITE,SPC5,SU 

R E 

1 ELETING DATA.. ESPC4,C7 

THEN 1SPC4,HOME/ 

22871 8REM 4MOVE 

RECORDS ABOVE 

0 

DELETED ONE DOWN 

2880 FOR CNER TO RC 

:FOR FNO TO FD 

:A1(F,C)NAliF,C41/1NEXT 

INEXTIRCNRC-IRETURN 

2881 

2882 REM BLOCK DELETE S/R 

iD,ERHILSNLO"INEXT 

:GOSUB 2995:PRINT L$ 

:RETURN 

2975 

2976 REM S/R TO HIGHLIGHT 

CURRENT FIELD TO EDIT 

2980 GOSUB 29951PRINT 

1 'AS(D,ER)IRETURN 

ERVSON1 

2985 USUB 2995:PRINT A$(D 

1 

2890 SYS AT,5,6:INPUT'ESDI 

ELETE FROM- 

1:IF 

DF(1 OR DFAC-2 THEN 

0F 2890 

2895 ERNDF:M$N 

1 SPC9,WHITE,SPC,SURE YOU 

ERYSON,C7 SUREEY/WESPC,C7,SPC10, 

1 

HOMEMGOSUB 9800 

:60SUB 4390 

2896 EET GSIIF 6$N 

1 .N"ECLEARY:60TO 2890 

N2897 

IF 5$0 

1 12900 

PRINT 

THEN Y"THEN 

1 1SYS AT,5,101INPUTIESD1 

P R 

2ECLEAR ELETE 8 9 6 

Y :IF DT(NDF OR DI)RC-1 THE 

N 2900 

2902 ERNDT:SOSUB 9800 

:GOSUB 4390 

2903 GET GS:IF ESNWTHEN PR 

INT 

2904 1IF 

6$0 

12905 

EC SYS AT,0,24:PRINT 

Y1 

ERVSON,C7,SPC,WHITE,SPC, 

LE 

1 SD10 ARYOU 

WISH THE DELETE 

THEN 1TO 

60 AHEAD 

2 191 

0 

3 00 ESPC,C7,S 

TO PC, 

2 

ER):RETURN 

3040 ITSNLEFTWS,1) 

:LNNLECSSI-IISSNRIGHTItS 

$,LN1:GOSUB 3599 

3050 IF CPS:"THEN 3000 

3060 PRINT TABEIOPEDOWN2,S111 

EPLACING—ESPC,DOWN31 

1FOR DN1 TO LENICPSI 

IPNASCiMIDS(CPS,D,1)) 

3070 IF IT$0 

1 PINIS:GOTO 3092 

83075 

REM CHECK LENGTH OF STR 

1 ING DOES NOT EXCEED FIELD 

THEN 

LENGTH 

A3000 lIF i LENiAS(SI, S I 

, P1)-LPLENtIWNVALE8$0, 

SIHTHEN 3091 


1 ESPC,SS1TRIN6 TOO LONG 

EUMI IN?' 1 1 

2990 SYS AT,0,24:PRINT"EC7, 

1 RVSON,SPC,WHITEWI-ESDI 

ELETEESPC,C7,SPC,WHITE, 

SPC1F3-ESONERWRITESPC, 

C7,SPC,WHITE,SPC)F5-[SE) 

XIT(SPC,C7,SPC2,HOME) 

:GOTO 1 3092 

3091 ACSI,P)NLEFICASiSI,P/ 

1GOS 

PS-IMPRIGHTSEASESI 

UB 

ILENiAS(S1 

9 8 

3092 N, 1NEXTIGOSUB 

0 0 98001RETURN 

3093 P))- EFNIIISNO6OSUB 4350 

(PS-1+1.Ni 

IINPUT 

I1IELD 

N0.(-1 TO EXIWOI 

EDOW :IF SIN-1 THEN RETURN 

3094 N2 IF 5I(1 OR SI)FD+1 THEN 

I 

3093 

3095 RIGHT SINSI-1:INPUT 

1 2,SF] RIGHT2,SEEARCH DATA 

EDOWN2, 1:IF 

SIN"THEN 3093 

3096 0$ ITSNLEFTS(9,1) 

:LNNLEN(SS)-119NRIGHTSiS 

2991 REM CURSOR SET SIR 

2995 SYS ATM:L(13(1,0)1-3, 

YAL(BC0 

2996 I 1 

2997 D)-61RE REM SEARCH & REPLACE 

TURN 

S/11 

3000 EFN ISNO:GOSUB 4350 

:INPUT 

1IELD 

WO.(-1 TO EXIT)"01 

EDOW :IF SIN-1 THEN RETURN 

3010 N,RIG IF SI(1 OR SI>F0+1 THEN 

HT2,S 

3000 

3020 

N 

SSN"ISINSI-1 

:SYS AT,2,16:INPUT 

1EARCH 

DATA 

ESS1 1:IF 

Ste 

3025 0$ 1SYS 

AT,2,18:PRINT 

1 THEN EPLACE DATA 

ESRI 371 :SYS 0AT,15,18:POKE 

251,0 

3026 01XN181Y REM 0CALL 

INPUT ROUTINE 

224 TO MAKE SURE DATA CONFOR 

MS TO FIELD TYPE 

3030 POKE 252,VAL(B$(3,61)) 

:POKE 253,VAL(LEFTSEBS(4, 

SII,1))00SU8 2020 

3031 REM CALL SEARCH SiR 

20 

$,LN)00SUB 3599 

:IF CP$ 

3097 01 PRINT TAB(9)IEDOWN2, 

RVSON,SPC,SIDELETING— 

THEN 

3':FOR 0 ON1 9 TO LENiCPSI 

3:PNASCEMIDS(CPS,D,1)) 

3098 IF IT$0 

1 P/N":NEXTIRETURN 

13099 

ASiSI,P/NLEFTS(ACSI,PI 

1o 

PS-1)4111MACSI,PI,PPLN, 

THEN LENCASiSI,P I:NEXTIRETURN 

3100 A tPRINPECLEAR,WHITE, i S I 

, 

DOWN3,RIGHT2,SP3RESSO 

:PRINT TABE5PIDOWN211 

-ESPC,ST10 VIEW A RECORD. 

3101 PRINT TA8(3) 

1 -ESPC,S110 VIEW ALL RECO 

EDOWN2I2 

RDS. 

13 

-ESPC,SENIT. 

3102 :PRI GET GS:IF 6S= 

1 NT 20 

23103 

TA IF 6$ 

10 

3104 Bi5 IF 6$0 

THEN 33105 

1 I 

PRINT 3 1 

1 

1 

THEN CCLEAR 1 ED 

R1THEN OW E T 

U3 N2] R1 0N 

2

3106 SYS AT,4,8:INPUTICSR1 

ECORD NMIER:IF ER(1 OR 

EURC-1 THEN 3106 

3108 MOTIVSON,C7,SPC7, 

WHITE,SPC,SPIRESS A KEY 

TO EXITISPC,C7,SPC11, 

HOME1 

3109 1WAIT 

198,1:GOTO 3100 

3120 160SU PRINT'ECLEAR,DOWN4, 

B RI5HT4,SA,SN,SY,SPC,SK,SE 

4SY,5PC1TO 3 9 SCROLL 1 

01BEPTO 

EXIDOWN21 

3150 SYS AT,6,10:INPUT 

. ECORD NO.(-1 TO EXIT)'ISP 

(SR) :IF SPs-1 THEN RETURN 

3160 IF SP(' OR SP)RC-1 THEN 

3150 

3165 REM DISPLAY FILES BY 

SCROLLING 

3170 PRINT'ECLEAR] 

3220 FOR PsSP TO RC-1 

:PRINT'UNSON,SPC,SR1 

ECORD 11FOR S1120 TO FD 

'PRINT 88(2,SR)' 

I "ACSR,P) 

3230 GET 6$:1F GWE'THEN 31 

00 

3240 NEXT: PRINT' 

- - -ESPC,UP21 

3260 WAIT 198,1tNEXT 

:WAIT 197,64:POKE 198,0 

:WAIT 198,1:6010 3100 

3400 SYS AT,7,31INPUMSR1 

ECORD NMIERIIF ER(1 OR 

EURC-1 THEN 3400 

3415 Mits'IC7,RVSON,SPC4, 

WHITE,SPC(-1SEACK1SPC, 

C7,SPC2,WHITE,SPC))-(SF1 

ORWARD(SPC,C7,SPC2,WHITE, 

SPC,SE)-1SE3X1T1SPC,C7, 

SPC4,HOME1 

3416 REM S/R TO DISPLAY RECO 

RDS WITHOUT SCROLLING USI 

N6 SCREEN LAYOUT 

3420 FOR Ts0 TO 1 STEP 0 

1PRINT'EHOME,C7,RVSON, 

SPC2 

1CSPC29P 

3430 SR1E 60SUB 4400 

3450 

COR 

GET 6$:1F 60 

0 

D 

D'OR 6$. 

POR 

i 

1:RETURN 

S 

6 3470 

T 

PTHE $ IF 

R 

8 5$0yTHEN ° 3480 

3475 C 

N ERsER-1:IF E 

1 ERs0 THEN ER 

R 

. •RC-1 

P 

3478 '1:N NEXT 

3480 EXT IF 6$0 

13490 

ERsER4.1:IF ERaRC THEN E 

. Ral 

1 

THEN 

3 4 5 

0 

3495 NEXT 

3496 i 

3497 REM SEARCH 6/R 

3500 EFs01PRINTIECLEAR1' 

:SOSUB 4350:PRINTIEDOWN, 

RIGHT3,GREEN,SEATER IN 

FORM 

1ELERVSON,SS,RVSOFF1 

11 

EARCHTYPE1RVSON,SD,RVSOFF1 

RV 

ATA SO 

3505 N, PRINT'IDOWN,RIGHT, 

YELLOWYESEY 

SF 

TO EXIT 

(SC) 

,R 

1 YIEW(DOWN2) 

VS 

3510 T 

OF 

SO":POKE 198,0 

O :INPUT S$11F SWE 

F1 

C. 

PO: RETURN 

3520 LTHEN 

IF SW I 

0 E 

ICPW.":60TO 3500 

C"THEN 

3525 

A 

IF SlierAND CP$0"THE 

I SR N PRINT*ICLEARr 

a 

0 ' 

:605U8 4005 

3526 IF S$s"OR LEN(S$)(3 TH 

1 

EN 3500 

S 

3530 SIS.LEFTS(9,1) 

V 

ilF SI$C1 

r 

STRWD+11,1)THEN 1 

3500 

3535 

T 

OR SIEVAL1SICISIsSI-1 

O 

SIOR 1606U8 359815010 3500 

3536 IGHT 1 

3537 li( REM MAIN S/R 

3598 ITOMIDS(9,2,1) 

tOOLEN:9)-21SWERIEHTS(6 

$,LN) 

3599 IF ITS0*!"AND ITSOlt" 

AND IT$0 

. ND ITS()">"AND ITC)" 

1"AND (UP-ARROWTHEN RETURN 

3600 I IF T EF S THEN 0 PRINT'ECLEARI 

1'1SYS 

AT,0,8 

3601 ( PRINT " A TAB(5)sIDOWN,SS) 

EARCHIN6., 

3602 IF IS.0 THEN IN 

:60SUB 380016010 3621 

3610 60SUB 3810 

3621 IF CPSONNTHEN 3630 

3625 60SUB 9800:PRINT TAB(5) 

'IUP11 SERVSON,SPC,SN10 

DATA FOUNDESPCOVSOFFA 

1':60SUB 3900 

3626 IF IS THEN CPPCN$ 

3627 RETURN 

3630 114LENICPC:PRINT TAM 

)'1UP1'STRCIM1 

1 FOUND't6OSUB 9800 

3640 RECOR GOSU8 39001RE1URN 

3700 DS 1 

3710 REM SEARCH SUBROUTINES 

3720 REM DIRECT COMPARISON 

3781 IF ITSe!'AND SS.A$(61 

$ WHEN CPS.CPOCHRS(6) 

C64/C1213 

For both edit related 

3782 IF ITSO[UP 

searches it should be noted 

- 'AND SWACSI, 

ARRON] 6)THEN CPOCPOCHRS(6) 

3783 IF ITWOAND SOACSI, 

6)THEN CPS.CPOCHRS(6) 

that the first occurrence of the 

string is used and also that the 

whole of !the fi le will be 

searched for the necessary data 

even if one alteration is made. 

3784 IF ITS."”AND SCA$(S1, 

6)THEN CPS•CPS+CHRS(6) 

The fi nal EDIT option is 

Block Delete. This allows you to 

3785 NEXT:RETURN 

delete large chunks of records 

3786 1 

3787 REM WILDCARD 

3790 IF LEFTS(ACSI,6), 

quickly, just enter the numbers 

of the first and last records to 

be deleted and the program 

will do the rest. 

0).SITHEN CPW=CPS+CHRS(6) Now back to the main 

3795 NEXT:RETURN 

3796 REM SEARCH STRIN6 

3797 FOR Sal TO LEN(ACSI, 

60-L01 

menu. Next is the view option 

file. This is very simple, you can 

either view one record (this 

uses the format layout) or you 

can select a record to start from 

3798 IF SW.MIDUAS(91,6),S 

1 LN)THEN CPS.CPS+CHRS(6) 

3799 NEXT:NEXT:RETURN 

3800 CPS.":FOR 6.1 TO RC-1 

:60TO 3820 

3810 CNS.CPW:CPS.' 

:FOR Tail TO LEN:CNS) 

IGEASC(MIDS(CNS,T,1)) 

and scroll the whole file. If you 

wish to view all the records, 

holding down a key will cause 

them to scroll down the screen. 

If you release the key the 

records will pause. Pressing 'E' 

will exit back to the start. 

Sixth on the main menu is 

the Search option. To make it as 

fast and easy as possible 

information is entered about 

3820 IF ITS."S'THEN 3790 the field and search type in one 

3830 IF ITS 

string e.g. to search field three 

03840 

IF ITS."("OR 11. 

1"THEN 1 ITte(UP-ARROW] 

3) 'OR 7 ITS."!"THEN 9 3781 

comparing directly and 

searching for LONDON you 

would enter; 

71 

3900 FOR Nil TO 1000:NEXT 

0R:RETURN 

3905 1 

3910 REM DISPLAY RECORDS FOU 

ND 


. RVSON,SP,SR,SE,SS2] (BA, 

[DONN2, SN,SY] 1SK,SE,SY1 E51,901 

:MON DON 

The computer will then tell 

you how many records it finds 

but it will not display them. 

Instead the screen is set to its 

original form and you are 

prompted for more data. The 

next search done will not 

ISS,ST,SA,SR,ST,RYSOFF1' search all the records but it will 

:WAIT 198,1:PRINPECLEAR1 search only these found by the 

4005 FOR Ds1 TO LEN1CPC previous search, this means 

:PEASNMID$(CP$,D,1)) 

4010 PRINT 

1 ECORD 'P:FOR Slis0 TO FD 

CRYSON :PRINT B$(2,SR)" 

,SPC,SRI 1 "AUSR,P):GET 6$ 

OF 8WEITNEN RETURN 

4040 NEXTIPRINT° 

that you can continually search 

a decreasing number of 

records using different search 

formats and so narrowing 

down the records to the few 

you are looking for. This is a 

very powerful feature if used 

properly. Suppose a fi le was 

created of names and 

addresses of people for a tennis 

WM. - 48PC 

club, you might need to search 

INAIT I198 

4050 1WAIT 

UP21 197,641WAIT 198,1 

11NEX !RETURN 1 

4060 

T 

t 

4070 REM SEARCH INTRO SIR 

for all the people living in 

BATH who play singles and 

have a name beginning with A. 

Let's suppose that field one is 

Name, two is Address and three 

is type of player. You would 

4350 PRINT*1CLEAR,RVSON]l 

MVSOFFIWILDCARDISPC, 

RVSONflERYSOFFICOMPARE 

enter 2@BATH (need to scan 

all of the address for the string 

BATH) 

DIRECTLYESPC 1* 

CRYSOFFNCAN I PRIM 

3!SINGLES 

RVSON11 

a rid then enter 'v' to view.

4360 PRINT"IRISHT,RVSON3( 

AM 

YOU WISH TO SAYE DATAIY/ 8250 REM MAIN MENU 

CRYSOFF1LESS THANISPC 

4600 GOSUB 4735:IF 8$2"TITHE 

QPIN'THEN 6060 9500 PRININCLEARYTA8(8)" 

1RVSONDIRYSOFF3SREATER N 4700 

6050 IF QSWY"THEN 6030 ENHITE,SM,SI,SC,SR,S0,8F, 

THANISPC,RYSON,UP-ARROW, 4610 SET GS:SYS 41,I7,11 6055 PRINPICLEAR3 SI,SL,SE364(SPC,SM,SA,SI, 

RVSOFF3NOT EQUAL TOIDOWN1" :PRINT GS:IF EIS 6060 1 SYS 64738 

SN) ESM,SE,SN,SU,SPC1 

:60SUB 5000:RETURN 

700 0 

:60SUB 6070 : 1 0 0 

"201-RCIFREEI:PRINT TAUB 

4370 REM RECORD IN SCREEN 4615 TITHEN IF 6t2 

7830 REM SORESPC21S/R 

1 

FORMAT 

4630 1 4PRINT'ICLEAR,0OWN21 

8000 PRINT"ECLEAR1 

9520 1PRINT 

TABIWI -ISPC,SD1 

4385 REM 6 AND 25 SPACES E LOAPCHRSI3414F64.FORMsC 1 :SOSUB 5000 

EATAESPC,S11/B01." 

4390 PRINT'ICLEAR,RVSON,C7, 1 HRS(34)°,8 

8010 INPUT 

C:PRINT 

TABI8)'EDOWN32 - 

SPC6,SRECORD- THEN 4650 6POKE 

631,131POKE 632,13 1 WHICH FIELD(-1 TO EXIT)'; TISPC,SPAINT 

FILE.' 

1ISPC251 

R :POKE :PRINT'IDOWN41RUNIHOMEI'l 

E T 

IDOWN2, SF 

2:PRINT 

TABI8)'IDOWN33 - 

4400 STRSIER1 

1SYS 

521561FOR 020 TO FD U 1RNEW 9N8 , 2 

SEORT 8020 IF SF•-1 THEN RETURN 1ISPC,SUPDATE 

FILE. 

1:SYS 

AT 

4700 PRINT 

B8030 IF YSRI 

OR SF)F0+1 THEN 9550 1PRINT 

TAB(8)'IDOWN34 

IVALCBS(0,D11-6 

. IND TO FORMAT PROGRAM t PRINT 

-ISPC,SE3DIT FILE.' 

VAL( :PRINT ASCD,ER):NEXT IDOWN2, PRESSISPC,RYSON,SR,SE,ST, 8040 1PRINT 

TAB(9)'IDOWN411 :PRINT TAB(8) 

4410 BS(1 SYS AT,0,241PRINT M$ RI5HT, SU,SR,SNI 

CUP2 IESPC,RVSON,SPC,SS,SO,SR, ISPC,SVIEW 1 FILE.' 

0))-3 

:RETURN 

911 4720 WAIT 197,11POKE 631,131 ST,SI,SN,SS,SPC,RYSOFF 

MBOT 

CDOWN35 

:PRINT TAB(8) 

4420 

, 

1 

:POKE 198,11NEW 

1SPC38 O 1 

-1 

ISPC,SEEARCH FILE. 

4430 REM FORMAT S/R 

4730 t 

8050 18IF 

08$(1,SF)2 

9580 CDOWN36 

PRINT TAB(8)'EDOWN37 

4440 REM EITHER LOADS FORMAT 4735 PRINT TABO4)IDOWN2,ST3 18060 

:N2 1 

: 

0 

--ISPC,SEORT 

FILE.' 

DATA CREATED BY FORMAT APE ORISPC,S01ISKIT/0)? 2"THEN 8070 RC- REM ALPHABETIC SORT :PRINT TAB(8) 

PROSRAM 

4736 6ET SS:SYS 41,22,11 88100 2IISF M2INT(N/21:FOR 0 0 A2-1 TO ISPC,SF1ORMAT 1 DATABASE.' 

4450 REM OR AUTO-RUNS FORMAT :PRINT 6$11F 6$0 

2SF 0 STEP 0:FOR J21 TO 11-M CDOWN18 

:PRINT TAB(8) 

PROSRAM 

1SOIDIAND 

6$01 

-1 

:FOR HEJ TO 0 STEP-M:LOOM -1 

ISPC 

4490 AT252038:SYS AT,6,4 4737 PAND 1RETURN 

6 

:K20 

9605 (DOWN39 

I PRINT TABIBPIDOWN10 

IPRINT'ESP1RESS 'EP TO 4740 THEN REM B/R TO PRINT FIELDS 8110 IF ASISF,HDAS(SF, -SNIE 

-ISPC,SE3XIT PROSRAM. 

EXIT 

5000 4FOR 7 620 3 TO 6 FO 

L)THEN FOR Y20 TO FD W BONNE 

4495 SYS AT,4,81PRINNSP1 :PRINT SWILEFT1. IZSEACY,H11ACY,H) 9620 DSOSUB A 5800:IF 6S( 

ROGRAM 0RESPC,SD3ATA(P/0)? INEXTHRETURN 

1 

L)IASIY,L12ZSINEXTIK 

2 

1 T 

6S)"9"THEN 

A 

9620 

4500 SET BS:SYS AT,25,8 50108$(2,6) 

8120 2ASIY, 

OK:NEXT:NEXT:M2INT(M/2) 09R 9650 

. 

OVALISS1:IF RF20 AND W 

:PRINT GS:IF 6$2 5020 REM S/R TO FLASH PROMPT H10000):NEXTI60SUB 

9E00 01 AND WOO AND 1108 THE 

600 1 

5800 PRINT TAB(11)1UP,SP,SR, :RETURN 

N 9620 

4505 P"THEN IF 021 

SE,SS21 IST,S01 ISS,SE,SL, 8130 : 

9655 IF RF AND 1128 THEN 9620 

1 4:RETURN 

SE,SC,STP:FOR D21 TO 65 8140 REM NUMERIC SORT 9660 IFIRF AND RC211AND W03 

THEN 4510 IF 6$0"DITHEN 4500 :SET 6S:IF 6$0"THEN RET 8200 M=INTIN12):FOR A2-1 TO AND WO1 AND 1109 THEN 9 

R4520 CGOSUB 2 14735:IF 

6$0*T URN 

0 STEP OIFOR J21 TO N-M 620 

1 EN 4531 

5810 NEXT:PRINT TAB(11) :FOR H2J TO 0 STEP-M:1.20M 9670 PRINT'ECLEARPIRETURN 

TH 4521 PRINT'EDOWN2,RISHT,SW1 1 RYSON,SP,SR,SE,S521 EST, 11(20 

9680 

IND TO FORMAT DATA 11 PRES EUP, SO) ISS,SE,SL 8210 IF VAL(ASI9F1 

9690 REM BEEP S/R 

SISPC,RVSON,SR,SE,ST,SU, I:FOR 

D21 TO 65:SET GS HOUALIAS(SF 9800 POKE 54276,65 

SR,SNr:WAIT 197,1 

SE :IF 6$0"THEN RETURN 8220 oFOR 

Y20 TO F8INRACY,H) :FOR DE2I TO 1501NEXT 

:OPEN 2,1,0,IFORMAT" 5820 I NEXT:SOTO 5800 

L)1THEN IASIY,H1•AS(Y,L) 

:POKE 54276,0:RETURN 

:SOTO 4550 

5821 

8:AS(Y,L)2ZS:NEXTIK2H 9810 t 

SC,ST1' 

2 3 0 

4531 IF SWE'THEN RC21 5822 REM NEW DATA S/R 8230 H2K:NEXT:NEXT:M2INT(M/2) 9820 REM SIR TO REORSANISE 

:RETURN 

5825 SYS AT,2,511NPUTNISO3 :42000):NEXT:60SU8 9800 

ARRAYS TO MAXIMIZE MEMOIR 

4536 REM OPEN FILE TO DISK ATA OR DATA t DEFINITIONS :RETURN 

Y STORAGE 

4540 OPEN 15,8,15,'I0' 

IISD3/ESFWISS 

8240 1 

7980 DIM AS(FD,200):RC 

2 

:OPEN 2,8,2, 

:IF GSWPAND SSOINTHE 

:Al252038:RETURN 

N 

1 1 

1160SUB 

13501IF El THEN RE N 5825 

1 

FORMAT, 

TURN 

5830 SYS AT,8,10:INPUTISA3 

4545 S,R REM INPUT DATA 

RE YOU SUREIISMISNWIQS 

4550 . INPUTS2,F0:60SUB 9980 :IF QSN'THEN RETURN 

FOR 520 TO 6IFOR H20 TO 5840 IF Q$0 

ISPC41: 

FB:INPUT112,B$(6,H)INEXT 15850 

IF DePTHEN RF20 

PROSRAM: MF64.FORM 30 REM SVER1.2IC11985 EI.THOM 

INEXT:RF21 

Y"THEN 5860 RNIRETURN 

ASS 

4570 IF BerTHEN CLOSE 2 56000 8SYS 3AT,8,51INPUT 0 

0 REMESPC2AttitlIttISISItti 40 REM $1111108188111118111 

:RETURN 

1 YOU SUREILSY3/I8N31":0$ HMO 

1st 

4580 CLOSE 151CLOSE 2:RETURN ISCRE :IF Q$24"THEN RETURN 10 REM SISPC61MICROFILE64 64 : 

4590 1 

6020 IF 0$0 

ISPO531 

65 REM SET UP SPRITE CURSOR 

4595 REM AUTO-RUN MAIN PROSR 16030 

SYS A1,3,9:INPUT 20 REM SESPC41FORMAT PROSRAM 

Y"THEN 1 

6ISD10 0 0 0

• 

C84/C128 

70 AT.52038:V.53248 220 SYS 52083:PRINTsIHOME 370 POKE 55296+PS,255:RETURN CM,SPC315,CSPC,SBETWEEN 

:FOR La832 TO 896:POKE L,0 

:NEXT:FOR L.832 TO 854 ST 

EP 3:POKE 1455INEXT 

80 REM SET SPRITE POINTERS 

1 RVSON,SPC,WHITEFI-(SE] 

C7, XITN7,SPC3,WHITEIF3-ESCI 

LEAREC7,SPC3,WHITE3F5-ES93 

ACKIC711ISPC,SEIELD 1 

380 

390 REM OVERLAY MENU 

:REM THE _ IN NEXT LINE 

IS ECO243 

(SPCII,CG3 

480 SYS ATp6,15:PRINTIERVSON, 

CN,SPC336.

630 SYS AT,0,24:PRINT"[GREEM, 

SPC3,SCUMBER OF CHARACTE 

RS = 1[SPC12,HOMEr 

:POKE 2023,32 

640 CM:P5*1020PS 

:POKE PS 

P9,I1POKE 4 650,128 

650 FOR . T.0 TO 1 STEP 0 

:SET 1,43: 6$:1F GO"THEN NEXT 

660 POKE IF GS.CHR$(13)THEN B113, 

1/=STRUCO):505U9 

5 4 

720:T=1 

INEXT:60SUB 

2 7 

1190:RETURN 

670 IF 

3 

GOCHR$(20)AND 

+ 

CO>1 

HEN CO.00-1:POKE PX0,43 

:POKE PS+C0 

680 4, IF PEEK(PS‹041)032 OR 

C0.255 1,32:6010 OR PX0=1983 THEN 

7 

NEXT 

1 0 

690 POKE PS+CO 

3 :POKE PPCO 

46:C0=C0+1 

:POKE 3 54272+PK0,1 

710 SYS 43 AT,25,24:PRINT STRIU 

COPISPC2,HOMEMNEXT 

720 EF=1:12$=" 

870 8$140/1"313":RETURN 

880 XP.19:SYS AT,8,20 

1PRINTIESUESS THAN?" 

:SYS AT,18,20:60SUB 960 

:14(5,1).1$ 

890 B$14,11= 

900 1 XP:22:SYS AT,8,20 

3< :PRINT"[SUREATER THAN?' 

1 :SYS AT,21,20:GOSUB 960 

:RETURN :13$(5,1)=1$ 

910 11$(40)="3> 

1920 

XP.23:SYS AT,13 

:RETURN 

1 :PRINT"( THAN OR :TO?' 

20:SYS 

A1,22,20:6OSUE 960 

:8115,11=1$ 

930 13$(4,11="3(. 

1940 

XP.23:SYS AT,8,2a 

:RETURN :PRINT') THEN OR =TO?' 

:SYS AT,22,20:GOSUB 960 

03$15,11=18 

950 8$14,11= 

1955 

REM GRAPHICS CHAR IS CBM 

3>e:RETUR 

0 [CRP] 

960 N PRINT'ECO,UPY 

1 1PRINT"[YELLOW,SF] 

:SYS AT,XP,YP:1$."" 

:SYS IELD AT 

:FOR 1.0 TO I STEP 0 

1 . (SPC16,HOME)" 

:SYS 51885:P.PEEKI254/ 

730 0,24 POKE STR251,01POKE 

252,24 970 IF P.20 THEN 1$.LEFT$(1$, 

:POKE CI 253,4SYS AT,13,24 PEEK12511)1NEXT 

+11" HIP=14:YP.24:60SU9 960 980 IF P(>13 THEN 1$.10CHR$ 

740 NIF 

1$."THEN 720 

IP1:NEXT 

750 AS=ASCIIEtIF A AS>64 AND 990 RETURN 

A5(91 M THEN IOCHRWS4.128 1000 : 

) E / 

1010 REM TRANSFER FORMAT TO 

760 B$12,11=1$:SYS 4 

AT,0,24 MAIN PRO& 

. :PRINT 

1020 PRINT"[CLEAR)' 

R1 

CURSOR TO INPUT POS & :SYS AT,5,3:PRINT'(SP] 

11C7,R 

PRESSESPC,WHITE,SR,SE,ST, RESS 'R' TO RE-RUN 

SU,SR,SN,HOMEI 

6VSON, 

1023 SYS AT,3,6:PRINT'EWHITE, 

770 POKE 1SMAYE 

2023,160 

HAVE TOESPC,STIAPE OR 

:POKE 1 56295,190:RETURN ESPC,SMISKIT/DP 

780 POKE 7 T,CL:RETURN 1029 GET a:SYS AT,29,6 

790 1 

$ 

:PRINT 6$ 

800 REM 

( 

SET UP VARS FOR M/C 1031 1IF 

G$="T"THEN PRINT' 

INPUT 

1 

1DOW (DOWN,RIGHT3,SP)RESESPC, 

810 K$411$(4,1]:POKE 

$ 

251,0 N2] RVSON,SR1SE,ST,SU,SR,SN, 

:POKE 252,61POKE 253,3 RVSOFF,SPC)T0 SAVE" 

:YP.20 , 

L 

:WAIT 197,1:OPEN 2,1,1, 

820 ON ASC[10)-52 50SUB 830, I 

880,900,920,940:RETURN 

E 

1035 FIF 

6O 

830 XP.21 N 

11040 

OIF 

G$WPTHEN 1029 

840 SYS C AT,8,20:PRINT'ESL1 R1050 

RPRINT 

TA13151 

OWER I LIMIT 

1 M 

, IGOSUB $ 960:8$15,11=1$ 1060 THEN [DOWN3,SS] 

AOPEN 

15,8,15, 

":SYS :POKE 1 251,0 

1R 

:OPEN TU 

2,8,2,40 

850 SYS A- T 4T,8,20:PRINT"[SO 

, 

10' N IFORMAT " 

PPER 210 LIMIPESPC11,RVSON, 

, 2 

1070 I: 

PRINTI2,FD:FOR 8.0 TO 6 

CWISYS 

0) 

AT,20,20 

:FOR S,11 G 

1.0 TO FD 

;GOSH 960:81(6,1).1$ 1O 

IF 8$(6,14)=""THEN B$18, 

860 IF VAL18$(6,11)(VALIB$I5, HI=" 

IOTHEN 840 

T 

1080 

O 

PRINT112,[4(5,H):NEXT 

1 

2 

0 

7 

0 

:NEXT 

1090 IF 6l="0"THEN CLOSE 15 

1100 CLOSE 2 

1110 IF GO"T'THEN POKE 198,0 

;GPO 1140 

1120 PRINT"[CLEAR,00WN2] 

/0R(6$)= 

1EF5P1) 

1230 [F1PAN REM ANY 4 DIRECTIONS 

1240 D IF GWERIGHTI G 

'AND $ < X(336 . " THEN X=X4.8 

1250 IF 68="[LEFT] 

LOAD 

'AND X>24 THEN X=X-8 

HR$(34)",8 

1 

1260 IF G$."[DOWN] 

6CHR 

:POKE 631,13 'AND Y(232 THEN Y=08 

1130 1POKE $134 POKE 632,13:PRINT' 1270 IF Gle[UPPAND Y>58 TH 

11"MF [DOWNCRUNEHOMErpNEW 9 8 , 2 

1140 64.M PRINT"[CLEARI" 

EN Y.Y-8 

1280 REM CONTROL SPRITEI MSB 

AIN. :SYS AT,2,61PRINT*ESCIND 

0 

TO MAIN PROGRAM & PRESS 

1290 IF X)255 THEN POKE 016, 

1:F.11POKE V,X-255 

[SPC,RVSON,SR,SE,ST,SU :POKE 01,Y:NEXT:RETURN 

SN,DOWN2] 1 

1150 SR, GET 6$:1F G$OCHR$(13/T 

HEN 1150 

1300 IF F THEN FeO 

:POKE 016,0 

1310 8 

1160 POKE 198,1:POKE 631,131 

NEW 

1170 1 

1320 REM FLASH SPRITE 

1330 POKE V,X:PCKE 01,Y;NEXT 

:RETURN 

1180 REM MAKE SOUND 1340 FOR W.0 TO 40:6ET 6$ 

1190 POKE 54276,65 :IF 6$0"THEN RETURN 

:FOR DE=I TO 150:NEXT 1350 NEXT:POKE 021,0 

:POKE 54276,0:RETURN 

1200 

1210 REM SPRITE MOVE ROUTINE 

1360 FOR W=0 TO 40:6E1 G$ 

:IF 6$0"THEN POKE 021,1 

:RETURN 

1220 FOR T=0 TO-1 STEP 0 1370 NEXT:POKE 021,1 

;SNUB 1340:T=16OCHR$113 :GOTO 1340

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•

Runecaster delves once more 

into the secrets of 

adventuring. 

AS WE WATCH MANY SOFTWARE 

houses striving to improve the graphics 

which now illustrate most adventures, it is 

interesting to talk to the actual players of 

these modern-day marvels. 

Whilst nearly everyone agrees that 

swiftly drawn, colourful graphics can 

always enhance the appearance of an adventure. 

most of the players I have spoken 

to recently, also go on to say that unless 

the pictures have some relevance to the 

game play, then the contents - either 

descriptive text and/or good puzzles - is 

what really matters. 

Following this is usually a discussion 

on the attributes of the latest parsei 

These too seem to become more complex 

as time goes by, with longer and longer 

sentences being understood and 

actioned with astounding accuracy. But 

do many players use these wonderworkers? 

Most, it seems, tend to use the 

least possible number of words and 

letters. The exception occurs when 

repeating a set series of commands to get 

to a previously attained position. 

Interesting ain't it? Who are we all 

trying to kid? Probably the only people to 

gain from all this are the promoters of 

programs - you have to admit it sounds 

better if you are advertising an all-singing, 

all-dancing program. Then there is the 

newcomer to adventures. It certainly 

provides something to look at while trying 

desperately to think about what to do 

next! 

Let us know what you think. And give 

us some examples of what you like listed 

in the order of preference. Whilst 

thinking about it, try playing a text only 

adventure like The Secret of St Brides. 

Back to School 

St Brides is a real location and a real 

school. Girls pay money to stay there but it 

is no ordinary school. It is as though time 

was stopped 50 years ago. The scenario is 

straight out of those storybooks our 

parents used to read, although this 

adventure takes things a step further. 

You play the part of a recently joined 

'pupil', puzzled by the apparently total 

belief of all the others, that the time is 1929 

and not 1986. Your self-determined quest 

is to find out The Secret of St Brides. 

The program has been around for 

some time for the Spectrum but has only 

recently been produced for the C64, It is a 

Quill-based game and is not easy! There is 

plenty of descriptive text and lots of things 

to find. The problem is working out what 

to do with them. 

There are two approaches to the game 

- the basic one of tracking down what is 

91ti 

s 

s 

t 

o 

e 

v 

g 

i 

t 

e 

1 

t 

s 

kommomE64 

going on and also an additional one to 

find the Amulet, If you can find it and let 

St Brides know, the school will award you 

an 'A' Level in Adventuring. 

The vocabulary is fairly extensive and 

the problems met along the way are 

devious - the instructions suggest that 

they may all be solved by logic, inventiveness 

and a little homework. All I can say is 

that I must have missed some of the 

lessons where they explained this 

homework. I'm stuck! 

A neat touch is the option to save a 

game position to either disk or tape the 

program is on tape). It is not an expensive 

program but it will keep you frustrated for 

hours. Try it and see, then let me know 

what to do with the cat basket! 

26 

Come Home Mike Hammer 

Thr latest detective adventure to hit the 

C64 is from US Gold's All American 

Adventure series. It's entitled Masquerade. 

This is a fairly middle of the road 

program without unusual features to 

make it remarkable. It is only available on 

disk, from which the graphics aee called 

up each time they are needed and take 

about eight seconds to appear. 

The pictures are clear and colourful 

and are in a semi-cartoon style that comes 

across well. There are three modes of 

presentation - text only, all graphics 

shown, and a neat variation called up by 

the command 'MIXED'. This will display 

text only but a null 'RETURN' flips the 

display into 'all graphics' until the next 

null 'RETURN'. 

You play the part of a private-eye on 

the trail of a Mr Big in the crime world. 

The accent is on observation and you 

must not expect to see everything 

immediately at fi rst glance. Various 

messages and descriptions are not 

repeated so have your notebook handy! 

There is a time element to your play, as 

the initial locations will explode into thin 

air, 75 minutes (not real time!) after you 

start out on your investigations. This could 

be 'crucial as you must intercept a 

telephone message before this happens! 

The command interpreter is the basic 

VERB/NOUN input and the vocabulary 

does not appear to be very large. The first 

five letters of most commands must be 

given for them to be actioned. This is very 

important since the response to anything 

it does not recognise is "SORRY CAN'T 

DO THAT RIGHT NOW". Fortunately this 

does not apply to direction commands 

(N,S,E,W) and things like inventory (I) and 

look (L). 

The general style is reminiscent of 

Mindshadow (which is now available on 

cassette) but does not have quite the same 

polish exhibited by Activision's game, It 

should prove an ample challenge to the 

detective brigade and although not 

excessively difficult, is probably not to be 

recommended to the novice adventurer. 

•

Diabolical 

I always knew that I had a strong tendency 

towards the more active type of 

adventure games - Halls of Death, The 

Valley, Exodus: Ultima ill and more 

recently the reconstituted Temple of 

Apshai Trilogy - but I never thought that I 

would suffer a program that crashed so 

many times, that I lost count. 

Just browsing through the shelves of a 

software emporium not so far from home 

base, I came across Telengard produced 

by Eclipse Software for The Avalon Hill 

Game Company. I thought I remembered 

seeing this advertised in some American 

magazines but could not remember it 

being pushed at all in this Country, so, at 

f7.95, I gave it a try. 

There have been many attempts to 

reproduce Dungeons and Dragons style 

games on computers. Some have been 

reasonably successful, some have been 

pretty ghastly. Telengard, I find horribly 

addictive, but it is true to the main aim of a 

D & D type of scenario. 

Telengard is a graphics adventure in 

which the main aim is to gain experience 

and find treasure whilst fighting off all the 

nasties that hinder your progress. The 

graphics are reasonable and the tension 

mounts from the first few moves to the last 

moments of life. 

You start at the bottom of stairs that 

lead up to a congenial inn. So far so good. 

All around you is a maze of passages. 

These you must explore to find treasure, 

gems, gold, silver, even refuse! You start 

out with sword, shield and armour, all of a 

pretty mediocre brand, because if you 

search diligently you can fi nd better 

quality items, indicated by such as "A+7 

SWORD". 

All of this is very much par for the 

D & D course, even the opening determination 

of your characteristics is very 

sensible. You see a series of random 

numbers allocated for your character's 

attributes - strength, intelligence, 

wisdom, constitution, dexterity and 

charisma. 

These series of numbers will continually 

be updated until you press 

'RETURN' to signify your acceptance of 

the present batch. This may sound as 

though you can cheat to get the character 

you want, but in practice, all this means is 

that you can sway the result by concentrating 

on one or two characteristics - you 

are not likely to see an 'all 18s' series very 

often! You may also choose your 

character's name. 

The instruction booklet firmly recommends 

that you choose a character with a 

sound constitution! Heed the advice well, 

it's based on knowledge, of the game. A 

character's 'hit points' are initially equal 

to its constitution. As these are whittled 

away each time you are hit by a monster, 

the larger the starting value the better. 

Lost 'hit points' may be regained by a 

restful night's zizz at an inn, Unfor- 

tunately, it is not often possible to return 

alive to said inn in time to recuperate! 

Although you start beneath an inn, this 

is by no means the only inn to be found - 

there are lots of them. Thank the gods for 

small mercies! On arriving at an inn, any 

gold you have with you is banked safely 

away and your experience credited with 

the amount of gold with which you 

arrived. 

All valuable treasure - gems, silver etc. 

- is converted to the gold standard for this 

calculation. Neither does it matter which 

inn you decide to visit, they are all linked 

by 'computer-inn'. a fantasy world 

version of Barclay's Bank! 

TELENGARD 

CO M M O DO RE 64 

1 

, 

5 

f 

• 

As your experience increases, certain 

values trigger a change in your 'hit points', 

this means that you can take more punishment 

and can venture further into 

Telengard in search of more dangerous 

monsters and greater loot. 

Amongst the maze of rooms and 

caverns which you explore will be found 

numerous stairways that reach down into 

the depths of Telengard - travel that way 

at your peril! It is quite dangerous enough 

for even the Level three adventurer to 

travel far from the initial position, let 

alone look for further trouble down 

below! 

Not only will your level be 

incremented by your increase in experience 

but also your ability to cast spells 

will increase. Initially you only have the 

skill to cast level one spells, and only one 

of those between visits to rest and 

recuperate at one of the thoughtfully 

provided alehouses. 

Magical spells are divided into six 

levels of relative power. Each spell level 

has six distinct spells. Characters at.experience 

Level one or two, have only the 

27 

Adventures 

six spells at level one at their disposal. As 

characters gain levels of experience the 

use of higher level (and therefore more 

powerful) spells becomes possible. 

Every three levels of experience 

gained, permits the use of the next higher 

level of spells. Spells are of roughly two 

types - 'combat' spells and 'duration' 

spells. The former are active offensive 

spells such as 'magic missile', lightening 

bolt* or 'fireball'. The latter allow you to 

cure wounds, search for traps or pass 

through walls etc 

All commands are given via the 

keyboard as single key inputs and, except 

in the novice's training exercise (entered 

by calling your character Demo!), action 

takes place in 'real time', so you have to 

have your wits about you, There is in fact 

plenty of lime to take the appropriate 

action - but it does not seem like it when 

you first start! 

Commands are divided into two types 

- 'action' and 'encounter', There are nine 

of the first type and they are very easy to 

remember. 'H' for help will tell you what 

they are! The 'encounter' commands are 

'E'vade, 'C'ast (a spell) and to picl. 

up something you will be prompted to 

press 'RETURN'. Movement is controlled 

by the four keys W,XS,A (NSEW), U and 

D. 

There are 20 different types of 

monsters roaming around Telerigard. 

Most of them are hideously opposed to 

your continuing existence! A very small 

proporticn meet you with the greeting 

that they - 

like taken two ways to start with, initially 

y 

thought 

o u 

they 

r 

were going to eat me but, 

they actually help you, perhaps curing 

b 

you 

o 

of all 

d 

wounds or maybe giving you a 

y powerful " . weapon. 

T The hmonsters 

have a similar system to 

ayou and t your experience, so they have a 

c 

different level, this level and their rank 

(Gnoll, lowest - Dragon highest), deter- 

a 

mines how many experience points you 

n gain in defeating them. It also determines 

bhow 

difficult they are to defeat! Although 

eyou 

may be only on the first level, a 

surprising number of powerful creatures 

appear right from the start. 

When I first came up against a level 60 

Giant, I thought there must have been a 

glitch in the program but then I found the 

instruction booklet hints at level 76! As 

befits a game of this type, some of the 

monsters have quite nasty habits - several 

drain your energy and knock you down a 

level of experience. Dragon fire is not 

much fun either! 

There are a number of 'features' such 

as stairways, pits, altars etc. which remain 

at the same locations - if you can find 

them again. Fountains seem to crop up 

quite often. The water from these varies in 

colour as does its properties when drunk. 

Some colours are benefi cial, and, 

surprise. surprise, some are not! 

There are potions to heal and also 

those to increase your strength. Various

artefacts found have 'plus' factors. Careful 

that you don't inadvertently press 

'RETURN' to pick up an item which has a 

smaller 'plus' factor than the one you 

already have. Its very easy to do in the heat 

of the moment! Sadly, you will have lost 

the one you were carrying. 

I have found items up to 'plus 8' but I 

suspect that there are more powerful 

creations deeper down. One of the most 

useful is a 'Ring of Regeneration', this aids 

the recovery of your hit points by its 'plus 

factor' with each step you take, a definite 

necessity for exploration below level two. 

There are also the useful 'Scrolls of 

Rescue' - you may pick up several of 

these. Using one will take you back to 

your original place of entry to Telengard 

(under that inn), but there is a cost, any 

gold you have with you is lost on the way. 

This is sometimes a fair price to pay if you 

have been teleported to an unknown 

corner of the underworld. 

Characters may be saved on a separate 

cassette and I would recommend doing 

this immediately you enter the game - 

especially if you have taken any time in 

trying to get the character's attributes to 

your liking! 

The instruction booklet burbles on 

about being able to load dead characters 

if their name begins with SV - I think this 

must be a throw back to a disk based 

predecessor, as I died with monotonous 

regularity and had no trouble time- 

• 

shifting my character to a 'save' before he 

died! 

I hope I have whetted a few appetites 

of the more adventurous amongst you 

with what has gone before perhaps now is 

the time to look at the other side of 

Telengard. 

For a start, it cannot be in the true spirit 

of the dedicated D & D game. Why? 

Because I do not think you could stay alive 

for long enough to ever get anywhere 

without 'saving' your character to tape at 

very frequent intervals. I was prepared to 

accept this as part of the 'overall battle', 

others may not be so sanguine about it. 

There are other problems you have to 

overcome too. And not part of the game 

either! I have never had a program crash 

so often before. It loaded perfectly and 

within the first few moments crashed with 

a SYNTAX ERROR IN LINE XXXX. 

Sometimes RUN got it going again, only to 

crash once more with a syntax error in a 

different line! 

Once past the first few minutes, things 

were OK until I 'saved' a character. Most 

times this went perfectly but there were 

many occasions when the program 

crashed after a successful 'save' and the 

main program had to be loaded from 

scratch (about four minutes). 

The program as you must have 

guessed from the above is written in Basic 

and of course is a little slow to re-draw 

your character's surroundings as you 

Tr1 • ' I ; 

7 

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move location. But it is not that slow, if it 

was, I do not think I could have become so 

involved, In this day and age it is surprising 

that the present version was not 

compiled. One must surely ask -why not? 

Neither does the keyboard buffer get 

cleared, so you have to watch that you do 

not type in ahead of yourself or you will 

find you have not picked up that '+8 

Armour! 

For all these genuine criticisms, I have 

to admit I enjoyed the game enormously., 

quite addictive in fact, and that's 

something, for someone who plays as 

many adventures as I do. But then I'm a 

simple barbarian at heart. 

I do not think that Eclipse Software still 

exists - it was an 'imprint' for Longmans 

(the publishers) but the program is still for 

sale. The cost is not high, so if you are a 

frustrated 'dungeon dweller' why not 

have a try - I really would like to hear what 

you think of it. 

If you cannot find it in your local shops 

you can get it direct from: Customer 

Services Dept, Longmans Group Ltd, 4th 

Avenue, Pinnacles, Harlow, Essex CM19 

5AA. The price is £7.95 plus 75p post and 

packing. Mine may have been a rogue 

copy, but if yours crashes like mine just 

consider it as part of the adventure, and 

please do not complain - you have been 

warned! 

5 

9 

bite Out of 

Disk Prices! 

How to get your DoSoftwrare 

Please send cashwheque'PO with order 

for last despan hiSAE lush fur full de la ils 

i. 

Send off thy. tot 

DoSoft (De pt YC), 2 Cla kincsor Ave , 

Blackpool, FY2 OEE 

1.2 LIE it Postage order includes included Blank Eurog Disks. sadd s eW) era 7s 

5. add aor l SO for Airmail. or 43.50 if corder 

include, Blank Disks 

°Soft 

You'll Do it Better 

%kith DoSoft

1 

lain Murray provides al 

program to smarten 

up your cassette 

library. 

This program allows the u5er to 

produce neat inlay cards for 

cassette tape boxes for music 

tapes or computer data tapes 

using a Commodore 1520 

Printer/Plotter. It uses many of 

the features of the 1520 

including the four character 

sizes, four colours, and vertical 

text for the spine of the inlay. 

The program requests input 

of the tape number, a title for 

the tape and for each side, and 

the option to list up to 10 items 

on the index of each side of the 

tape. If any input is made 

incorrectly, then pressing 

1 

op 

13 

rn 

rn 

c.n 

U 

) 

S 

. 

3 

3 

I 

d 

1 

V 

3 

S 

S 

E2 N- BACH 

T 

RETURN on its own at the next 

input will cause a jump back to 

the previous prompt. The 

plotter will then produce the 

required inlay card. 

The plotter draws an outline 

for cutting out and folding the 

card. The tape number and title 

are then printed, followed by 

the title and index for each 

side. The tape number and title 

are then printed on the spine. 

The character size is set automatically 

depending on the 

length of the titles required. 

Finally, the tape title and side 

titles are printed on the back 

flap (though if the tape title and 

side titles are the same, then 

only one will appear). On completion 

of the card, the option 

to print another is given. 

Control characters in the 

text are detailed in preceding 

REM statements, but these 

REM statements need not be 

typed in. 

CLASSICAL PIECES 

- BEETHOVEN 

PIANO SONATA Re 'PATHETIGUE' 

PIANO SONATA 014 . 

NOOHLt8HT. 

PIANO SONATA •73 .APPASSIONATA 

. 

PIANO CONCERTO AS . 

ENFERON 

FYIIPHENY L SI MOVEMENT 

ETTIPhISNY AS ATH MOUEMENT 

. s i c 

M O V E M 

.1.ITT1E. FUGUE IN 8 MINOR 

BRANCENBURG CONCERTO AI 

AIR FROM CRCHESTRAL SUIT .3 

JESU JOY OF nAws DESIRING 

TOCCATA AND FLU& IN O NtNOR 

TIC ART OF FUGUE CSFLECTIONS) 

SINFONIA TO CANTATA .29 

SHHEP rwr SAFELY GRAZE 

064 + 1520 

FROGRA1 

1 

10 REM 1 TAPE INLAY MAKER 80 TN$1 

20 REM 

1 

1 BY IAIN MURAY 

:TN8INTWAL(TNS)1 

1; CO) 1986 1 01:IF 

BI6!":60TO 

TN)99 THEN 

70 

PRINT 'TOO 

30 REM 1 FOR YOUR COMODOR 

INLAY E 1INPU 

85 

90 PRINT 

IF INS" 

"EDOWNESIVE 

THEN 70 

TAPE 

35 6A1."(SPC551" 

NAME 1 mi 

40 DIM ES(2,15) 

MAK 50 

60 PRINT 

POKE 53280,6:POKE 

'EOLEAR,NHITE,DONN3, 

53281,6 

T 10 TNSK":INPUT INS 

ER RIEHT13,RVSON,SPUTAPE INS I 

:IF 

"(DOWN)TOO 

LEN(INS)25 

LONE!' 

THEN PRIN 

70 PRINT 

INLAY MAKERESPC,RVSOF1 105 

:60TO 90 

1 10 NL.2:IF 

IF MO" THEN 70 

1DO 

1NUMBER 

1 NL.1 

LEN(TNS)>12 THEN 

29 WN3 

HIV

1 

120 Ill 

130 PRINT IDOON2lGIVE SDP; 

WTITLE : 

140 T$111 

01 IF LEN1T$1111)42 THEN PR 

:1NPUT INT 'CDOON1100 LONE' 

T $ 160TO 130 

340 PRINT11,"D",469,-505 

:REM 16010 BOTTOM 

350 PRINT11,4 

1 :REM $ BOTTOM LINE 

,0 360 PRINT81,4",76,-505 

1 1REM t 6010 SPINE 1 

-505 370 PRINT81 

1 :REM I SPINE 1 

4",76,0 380 PRINT81,W 

1 :REM I GOTO SPINE 2 

139 390 PRINT81 

1 :REM I SPINE 2 

01",139 

400 PRINT01 

1 1410 

PRINT$3,3:REM 1 10 CHARS 

-505 4420 

PRINT114:REM t LINE FEED 

1430 

PRINT12 

:REM 1440 

NMOSTRCTN):IF 

$ 

TN21 OR 

LEN111(2)1)21 THEN TOO 

240 PRINT "CDOWN6,RI5HT101 

PRESSISPC,RVSON,SPC1SPACE 

(SPC,RVSOFF,SPC1TO PRINT° 

250 GET AtlIF AtOCHR$1131 I 

HEN 255 

251 IF NE1200 THEN 1.2 

tJuNE(2):6OTO 200 

252 1.2:6OTO 150 

255 IF A$0' THEN 250 

260 PRINT 1 

11)00 C C U " 

3,RI5 270 PRINT "CRI6H114 

HT14, 1 PRINTINSESPC2,S-1" 

CAl S-,5PC2l 280 PRINT 'ERIGHT14,C21 

E C X 3 

, 

530 PRINT11,9" 

540 PRINT113,11:REM $ 40/80 

CHARS 

550 IF 11:1 THEN PRINT84," 

ESPCI3r01 

560 1IF 

TOO THEN PRINT84,' 

- I9PC271"11: 

570 PRINTO3,01REM "r1$1 6 

1 90 - 

11 - 6 

580 1111I/ IF NE(t)0 THEN 625 

590 PRINTI2,0:REM 1 BLACK 

600 FOR J.I TO NEM 

610 PRINT84, 

1620 

NEXT J 

1SPC28PIE 

625 PRINT84:PRINT841PRINTI4 

11(1,J) 630 NEXT 1 

640 M8.1101(NE11)4E(2)11+(2 

011TO111.0160 

650 SPO 

1 :PS$ 

TAPP 660 0PRINTI3,2:REM 

8 20 CHARS 

670 +STR PR1NT$2,3:REM 4TN 1 RED 

$1TN/ 680 $ PRINT844 

1 ) 1:HOLEFTCGA$,C2122) 

+ 

900 

LC 

IF T1111/rat THEN 990 

E910 F2PRINT82,2sREN 

I GREEN 

920 FOR 121 TO 122E21 

T 1 

$ I2 

B 2A 

1 

- 

L 

E 

N 

How 

( 

it Works 

T 

10-60 set up and title 

70-85 $ 

input tape number 

90-120 ( 

input tape name 

130-235 2 

input side titles and index entries 

240 ready for output 

) 

, 290 set up printer 

280 , 320-390 ) 

draw card outline 

310 400-450 ) 

print tape number 

460-500 

1 

print tape title 

510-560 print side and title 

570-630 print index 

640-730 print tape number on spine 

740-800 print tape title on spine 

810-890 print tape title on back flap 

900-1040 print side titles on back flap 

1050-1060 close file 

1070-1110 request repeat or end 

290 OPEN 1 4 

690 1 PRINT$1, 

1 :OPEN 2,6,210PEN 3,6,3 

610PE :OPEN 44,6,4 

1 

11 700 FOR 1.1 TO LEN(SP8) 

N 300 PRINT82,0:REM BLACK 1710 

PRINT81,1":PRINT81,4 

1 310 , PRINT$44,01REN 6 

$ UPRIGHT 1PRINT111, 

1 0 

1320 

PRINT11, 

1 1330 

PRINT81,"D',469 

11";REM 1 1REM TOP LINE 

1 0 

H O M E 

41 , 720 1PRINT84,'ESPC41 

1 1 

730 

, 8 

NEXT 1 I 

1 

1 

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( 

30 

990 PRINT83,1:REM 8 40 CHARS 

1000 PRINT$2,1:REM t BLUE 

1010 FOR 1.1 TO 26 

1020 PRINT84, 

1 MIDI(F8,1,1) 

1SPC43 1030 PRINTI1,'M 

1 11040 

NEXT I 

1060 PRINT114:PRINT841PRINT84 

tPRINT$4:PRINT14:PRINT14 

:PRINTO4 

1070 PRINT 'IDOWN3,RIGHT123 

PRINTING COMPLETE' 

1080 PRINT "IDOWN3ANOTHER 

INLAY CARD MN/ ?" 

1090 GET At:1F Ater THEN C 

LR:SOTO 30 

1100 IF A$04" THEN 1090 

1110 END

Stuart Cooke puts Ariolasoft's 

I 

H 

o 

m 

e 

p 

a 

k 

t 

o 

w 

o 

r 

k 

IF, LIKE ME, YOU USE A COMPUTER FOR 

a lot of your work it is very important that 

it gives quick access to everything that you 

wish to do. For example you may do a lot 

of wordprocessing and require access to a 

database or a spreadsheet occasionally. 

No problem, I hear you say, buy one of 

each program. This is a great idea, but one 

major thing is being forgotten, time. 

The C64 and its disk drive are not 

exactly well known for their speed, in fact 

most people moan about the lack of it. A 

typical wordprocessor will take about five 

minutes to load, a database around the 

same. Now the problem becomes 

apparent. If you need to do a lot of 

swapping between programs then a lot of 

time is wasted loading them all in, defeating 

the whole point of having a 

. computer around in the first place. Why 

use a database when a card index box is a 

lot quicker? 

Obviously, if all of the programs that 

you require are available on one disk, a lot 

of time can be saved in exchanging disks 

etc. This is exactly what Ariolasoft has 

done with one of its latest releases, 

Homepak. A wordprocessor, database, 

and communications program are all 

available on one disk. 

It is also possible to go one step 

further. Wouldn't it be great if all of the 

programs that you needed to use 

regularly could all be in the computer's 

memory at the same time? Press a couple 

of keys and the program needed would 

burst into life ready to obey your every 

command. Team-Mate, a program that 

looks extremely similar to the 3+1 

software that is found on a Plus/4, offers 

just this facility. With Team-Mate up to 

three programs can be in memory at any 

one time. The programs are a Wordprocessor, 

a Database and a Spreadsheet. 

As an added bonus a graphics package, 

for drawing graphs, pie charts etc. is also 

present on the software disk. 

Homepak 

A5 previously mentioned this suite of 

programs goes some way to solving some 

of the speed problems of the CM as all of 

the programs are on one disk. However 

they are all quite slow in loading and a 

great deal of disk swapping is necessary if 

you need to use the other programs. 

Each of the available programs are 

extremely well presented and easy to use 

- the 61 page manual makes sure of that - 

and have facilities that you would 

probably only expect to see on individual 

pieces of software costing as much as this 

complete package. 

The manual, even though it is very 

good, can only be described as microscopic, 

It has been reduced so that it will 

fit inside ihe standard disk box that the 

programs come in. Get a magnifying glass 

if you are going to be reading a lot of it at 

once, you'll probably need it. 

Each of the programs are dealt with in 

turn. Screen shots are used to give you a 

general idea of what you should see on 

the screen when certain menus are 

accessed. And a handy crib sheet at the 

end of each program's documentation 

gives a handy reminder of the keys 

needed to operate the software. I must 

admit that I fail to see the relevance of a 

very large section of the manual (seven 

pages) being given over to an explanation 

31 

of how to use the telecommunications 

software with Compuserve and the Commodore 

Information Service, these are 

American software services. Come on 

Ariolasoft, you've gone to the trouble of 

printing your name on the front of the 

manual, why not alter the last section so 

that it refers to a British system such as one 

of the many bulletin boards available or 

even Telecom Gold. I wouldn't have 

thought that too many people would be 

phoning America so that they can follow 

your instructions. 

Hometext - yes you've guessed it -the 

wordprocessor, has some extremely 

interesting features. All of the available 

commands are selected from 'pull down 

menus' that are controlled by the 

function keys. This means that when you 

press the relevant key a menu, for 

example the printer format menu, will 

appear on the screen on top of your text, 

replacing the text underneath when you 

have finished using the menu. This is great 

as you never have to memorise any of the 

commands, such as those for headers or 

setting margins, as they can all be called 

up on screen. There is one slight gripe 

here however. A reminder could have 

been put on the editing screen so that you

could see at a glance what function key 

brought up which menu, it's frustrating to 

go through them all every time you want 

to do something. I suppose if you were 

really bothered you could always stick a 

bit of paper over your function keys. 

When you have finished typing your 

latest novel you can have a look at what 

the page layout looks like with the view 

function, This 'draws a picture of every 

page with each letter being represented 

by a dot. This does come in very useful 

when things need to be positioned 

correctly, it may even help you to spot 

your mistakes in the layout. 

Of course all of the normal printer 

facilities such as underlining and spacing 

are catered for, though headers and 

footers are dealt with in a strange way. Not 

only do you have to tell I lometext where a 

heading starts you must also tell it where 

the heading finishes. This means that it is 

possible to have headers that run over 

more than one line of the paper when 

printed. I must admit this did leave me a 

little confused at first as I didn't tell the 

program where my header finished the 

first time that I tried to use this function. 

The view option showed that something 

was amiss and I was able to correct the 

problem before I sent the document to 

the printer, I told you that view was 

handy. 

Homefind - the database is a little 

strange. In case you have never used a 

database I should explain how you would 

normally use one. Your computer is 

treated as an electronic card index box. 

You would set up a series of fields into 

which you should enter information. You 

can then ask the computer to find specific 

information from what it has stored on 

disk. An example of a layout for a database 

may be: 

NAME 

ADDRESS 

TELEPHONE 

You can no doubt see where the 

similarity to the old card-index comes in. 

Well, Hometind is totally different Yes, it 

is still used for information storage and 

retrieval but there is no fixed format as to 

what can be entered into the system. For 

example a few entries to the database may 

be: 

Fred's Birthday's August 23rd 

jim's Birthday's June 5th 

Fred's Address's 123 Main Street 

As you can see you almost talk to the 

computer, and any information can be 

stored. Once the information has been 

stored you can ask questions such as: 

What's Fred's Address? 

And the answer will appear as if by magic. 

There is no provision within the 

program for getting printouts of specific 

information though it is possible to keep a 

printed copy of any 'conversations 

. you that have with the computer. And of 

course information can be stored on disk 

for later inclusion in the wordprocessor. 

Personally, I find this structure for a 

database very restricting, I can't see any 

way that you could use the program to run 

a mailing list or store information about a 

record collection. Even so the program is 

very clever and great fun to use. No dou bt 

many people will love the 'friendliness' of 

the program and use it for just those 

things that I said I couldn't see a way of 

doing. 

IP 

Hometerm I consider to be one of the 

most important things about this 

program. Modems are becoming cheaper 

all of the time and more and more people 

are becoming interested in communicating 

via computer. Before I go any 

further it is worth stressing that this 

program is a terminal emulation program 

which can be used to access bulletin 

boards and systems such as Telecom Gold. 

It is not a Viewdata type system and 

cannot be used with systems such as 

Prestel or Compunet. 

With Hometerm and an RS232 modem 

it is possible to talk to your friends who 

have this software and modems, swap 

programs with each other and talk to each 

other via your computer keyboard. Many 

of the bulletin boards now have Commodore 

sections on them so you can ask 

questions to other people who use the 

system etc. In fact the day of the electronic 

office is here. One person can write 

an article using Hometext. Send it to 

someone else via Hometerm and they can 

then print it out using Hometext 

For the more technical bods out there 

the following data formats are catered for, 

ASCII, CBM (commodore characters), 

Vidtex and the very popular )(modem. 

32 

One handy facility that the program 

has is that of Macros. It is possible to set up 

a file that holds information such as your 

name, and your password. These macros 

can then be used to send the information 

required to the computer saving you a lot 

of typing if you access a particular system a 

lot. 

Not much more can be said about 

these packages. They are all very good 

and would be worth a look at if the asking 

price was just for one of them. As I have 

said I found Homefind a little limiting but 

no doubt others will love it. All of the 

programs are well presented and easy to 

use. If you need any of the programs then 

the package is well worth the price even 

though some of the 'polish' may be 

missing that its more expensive, 

individual program, competitors have, 

All in one 

The other package mentioned is Team- 

Mate. What makes this program stand out 

from the rest is the fact that it is possible to 

have all of the programs in memory at any 

one time. Obviously, this means that you 

are limited to how much space is available 

at once for a specific task. Team-Mate gets 

around this in a very clever way, It allows 

you to choose, upon loading the software, 

exactly what you want in memory. Below 

is the menu presented when you load the 

software: 

(1) Desktop (3 prgs) 

(2) Plus Graph (1 prg) 

(3) Write File (2 prgs) 

(4) Home Office (2 prgs) 

(5) Utilities

1 

Dealing with each option in term. 

Desktop comprises of a Wordprocessor. 

Spread sheet and file manager (database) 

all of which are loaded into memory at the 

same time and very easy to switch 

between. 

Plus Graph is a stand alone business 

graphics program that is used to display 

information from either the spreadsheet 

or entered by hand. 

Write fi le comprises of the wordprocessor 

and the file manager both now 

with a help facility. 

Horne Office is Wordprocessor plus 

help and a spreadsheet plus help. 

Utilities are such things as 'Format 

Disk' and 'Rename File'. 

As can be seen from the above 

breakdown quite a number of differing 

tastes are catered for. My personal 

favourite is Writefile. This allows me to 

have a database at my fingertips with 

information such as company addresses 

and telephone numbers, and access to a 

fairly decent wordprocessor at the same 

time. Up until now the only that this has 

been possible was to have two C64s on my 

desk. 

As I have previously mentioned the 

software is very similar to that found in the 

Commodore Plu5/4 computer. The layout 

of the programs and the instructions for 

use are very similar, i.e. the same. For this 

reason the software will probably get the 

same stick that the Plus/4 did when it 

arrived on the market, 'only 99 lines in the 

wordprocessor and other such 

comments abounded when that beastie 

hit the streets. Granted that the software 

does have its limitations but in my eyes 

these are more than adequately 

overcome due to the software's 

convenience. 

As with the Plus/4 only 99 lines of text 

can be entered into the wordprocessor. 

This doesn't sound too many but when 

you realise that a line is 80 characters a 

quick calculation will show that around 

1000 words can be entered before you run 

out of room. T 

his the standard i s letter that you wish to write. 

mAll of o the r e usual commands are present in 

t 

the 

h 

wordprocessor, 

a 

such as line spacing 

and margins. There are however some 

n notable omissions, such as the lack of 

eheaders n and o footers. An interesting way of 

uovercoming g h this problem is given in the 

fmanual, obut 

more of this later. 

r Obviously the wordprocessor is not as 

sophisticated as many of its competitors. 

There are no fancy menus or icons in this 

program. Don't forget that you do have 

the Help function in the expanded 

versions which soon solves this problem. 

It is remarkably easy to transfer data 

from both the spreadsheet and database 

into the wordprocessor. In fact the only 

way to print information from the 

database is via the wordprocessor. It is 

even possible to select certain fields for 

printing, this makes the program very 

good for addressing letters or printing 

labels. It is this facility that allows you to 

add headers to articles, Simply leave room 

at the top of every page for the header 

when you print your text. Then set up 

your header as a database file, then put 

33 

C64 

your paper back in the printer and tell the 

program to print the information in the 

database at the top of every piece of 

paper, clever huh! 

As with Homepak a preview function 

is also available within the wordprocessor 

(this function is not present in Desktop) 

this prints out the text to the screen as it 

will appear on the printer. The 40 columns 

of the screen act as a window over the 

larger BO columns of the text. 

The database or file manager is more 

of what I would call a real database. 

Before you use the program you must set 

up a specific format for all entries, such as 

the one given earlier in this article. 

Information is then entered as requested 

by the program and stored on a disk for 

retrival at a later date. Again no fancy 

icons or prompts in this program and it is a 

little awkward to use in places. But it does 

its job and is very handy. 

Commands available allow the user to 

move to specified records, search for a 

specific piece of information, review 

records, update records and even copy 

records. It is possible to sort records using 

a specified field, it is even possible to do a 

sort on disk with up to three fields. 

The expanded file manager, available 

from write fi le but without the wordprocessor 

present, offers even more 

facilities for the more advanced user. 

Examples of added commands are 

'makekeyfield' and 'showkey' which 

make a specified field the main field in a 

record, speeding up all searching and 

sorting and print the contents of the key 

field respectively. 

The Spreadsheet is not exceptionally 

large, 50 rows by 17 columns. This means 

that it is not suitable for use in a large 

business but is great for working out 

budgets or totalling expenses. Don't 

forget you can even get the wordprocessor 

to print out a letter taking 

information from the spreadsheet making 

printing bills very easy. In fact one very 

nice touch is the ability to have half of the 

screen displaying the contents of the 

wordprocessor and the other half the 

spreadsheet. This makes it very easy for 

you to see exactly what you are doing. 

The manual for the suite of programs is 

written in such a way that even a beginner 

could get started without too much 

difficulty. All aspects of the programs are 

dealt with via little examples, for instance 

the section on the spread sheet shows 

how you could set up a budget sheet 

showing all the money that you have 

spent or saved. 

Team-mate can only be described as 

the program that a lot of C64 owners have 

been waiting for. OK, so it has its limitations 

but there are ways to get around 

these. The fact that the programs you are 

going to need can be loaded into memory 

just the once and that data can be stored 

on one disk is superb. Load in the 

programs in the morning and that's it. 

Everything is at your finger tips. Now I've 

started using the programs I wouldn't be 

without them.

::i-ACTION REP L A N 

ir 

PSI 5 TRADING Co. 

US Gold it4.9; Disk atamai n a 

t 'Jf 

? ancel Rank Accel. I. 

1 • .1. 

nknown 

Requested u u r r e n t 

Evasive—Course= A Stopped--Course= A 

Speed = 1 S p e e d = 0 

ID Course-Description RFT(' PS K DIS ETA 

A Shortest Path 

8 Medtun Port 

380 04 

C MediuN Starboard 

328 

D Full Port 

372 

E Full Starboard 

348 

HAVING WATCHED COUNTless 

episodes of Star Trek, I 

always thought that Captain 

Kirk had things very easy 

commanding a space ship. 

Especially if you have a reliable 

crew to carry out your every 

order quickly and efficiently. 

Psi 5 Trading Co., from US Gold 

seemed to be just the game I 

needed to prove my point. All I 

had to do was to select a 

suitable crew to enable me to 

deliver a cargo to some remote 

outpost of the universe and 

collect a handsome bonus. 

One hour into the game and I 

was a total wreck. My crew 

were tearing their hair out in 

despair and countermanding 

my orders, looters were 

stealing my cargo willy-nilly 

and I no longer knew whether I 

was coming or going. 

Your first decisions are 

involved with crew selection 

and the success of your mission 

TOM THUMB 

Anicog C-16, PI 

Tom 16 

b9 tido Gertz 

(c) Kingsort 

H I -So 

Sopre 

Extra 

could well be put into jeopardy 

straight away if you get it 

wrong. There are five positions 

to be filled in the scanning, 

weapons, navigation, engineering 

and repair departments 

with six candidates for each 

job. A screen illustrating the 

candidates is displayed - they 

may be humanoids, aliens or 

vaccdroids and you can call up 

details of each applicant before 

making your selection. From 

these resumes, you can learn 

about a character's qualifications, 

education, experience, 

strengths and weaknesses. For 

example, you may learn that 

whilst someone knows their 

job inside out, they fall to 

pieces under pressure, whilst a 

rival might be a loner and a 

poor communicator but won't 

bat an eyelid when the ship is 

under heavy attack. 

Having agonised over your 

recruitment, it is on to the 

m000 0 

20000 

kIng.o 

ft 

Kesis 

Lives fl 

• 

mission itself. The screen 

depicts your communication 

console with your current view 

displayed top left and the 

appropriate crew member top 

right. The bottom half of the 

screen gives various status 

reports whilst the central bars 

contain assorted indicators for 

you to monitor and a menu of 

your current choices. 

Your initial menu allows 

you to read all the pending 

messages or contact a specific 

department. If you don't keep 

in touch with sections regularly, 

they will go off and do 

their own thing. Most of your 

decisions involve what the 

Americans call prioritizing - 

working out which orders take 

precedence. Is it more 

important to get the ship 

travelling at full speed or 

should you divert some power 

into defensive shields? Which 

items should be repaired first? 

Strangely, every department 

thinks that they should have 

priority. As things get worse, so 

the animated pictures of the 

crew show their feelings - 

totally laid back or gibbering 

wrecks. To give some idea of 

what you have to control, here 

is a quick look at the five 

departments and their various 

tasks. 

The scanning department is 

in charge of the radars and will 

try and identify and track other 

spacecraft. In time, they can 

determine whether a craft is 

friend or foe, lock on to it and 

recommend which weapon is 

best to use against it. 

to find the treasure that was 

buried with him. 

Evidently you know where 

the treasure is. at least the 

instructions say that you do, 

but in order to gain access to 

the treasure you must collect a 

number of keys that are 

scattered around no fewer 

than 178 screens. Yes, that's 

right, somehow Anirog has 

managed to get a 178 different 

screens into the C-16. 

You would expect that the 

screens would be very small in 

order to fit so many into the 

game. Well, they aren't. 

Tom always stays in the 

same position on the screen. 

YOU, TAKING ON THE PART Thumb, have entered the tomb Whenever he moves around it 

of that childhood hero Tom of the Pharoah Manilo in order is the background that scrolls 

" a 

V 

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g 

R 

Originality PI ay abailv Graphics 

9 

ALL 

VanatFor 

Mmay 

Once an enemy ha% been 

identified, the weapons section 

can attack it with missiles, 

blasters, cannons and thermos. 

By analysing various statistics, 

you can assess how efficient 

your crew is with each weapon 

type. 

The navigation section will 

estimate the time of arrival at 

your destination and show you 

the risk involved with various 

routes. You can change speed 

and take evasive action if 

necessary. 

All sections of the ship have 

various power requirements 

and allocating that power is the 

responsibility of the engineering 

department. 

It will not be long before 

your ship suffers damage and it 

is necessary to request the 

services of the repair section. 

Items can be operable (at a 

higher power cost), repairable 

or destroyed. There are several 

droids at your disposal and 

again, you will need to decide 

what needs to be done, who's 

available to do it and how long 

it will take. 

Control of the game is very 

simple via either joystick or 

keyboard - it is just the decisions 

that are difficult. There is 

so much going on, that it will 

take some considerable time to 

get the hang of things. 

Graphically, the game is 

stunning so you can always sit 

back and watch as your ship is 

destroyed around you. A 

highly original and thoroughly 

excellent game. 

G.R.H. 

bringing new sections of the 

playing area into view. An 

excellent bit of programming 

when you consider how simple 

many C-16 & Plus/4 games are. 

Tom's journey around the 

tomb is hindered by all sorts of 

nasties. There are guards 

moving their spears up and 

down which Tom must jump 

over - just like the arcade game 

Hunchback - monsters, 

spiders, snakes and collapsing 

floors. Tom certainly has his 

work cut out, even the flowers 

and plants scattered around are 

out to get him. 

If you fancy a little adventuring 

then why not buy a copy 

and give Tom a hand? 

S.C.

ACTION REP L A 

PHANTOMS OF THE ASTEROID 

Masterironic i 1.99 C64 

0000385 0002876 P. ERTURtS 0001 

'ammo 

HELPLESSLY FLOATING Around 

the eerie tunnels inside 

MUGSY'S REVE 

Melbourne House 

M ONE 'ft 

by weird looking bug e‘ pc! 

monsters whose immai e 

qualities allow them to pass 

through roc k and appear when 

you are least expecting it. 

You, a lone astronaut, are 

armed only with a pathetic 

laser gun which Itic kily has an 

inexhaustible power supply. 

Ghastly music pings in your 

ears as you boost yourself 

through the male of caves with 

the aid of your trusty jet pack. 

Suddenly. you hit a laser 

force field and death comes 

quit kly as your whole being is 

pulverised and you disappear 

in a puff of sulphurous 

bubbles. 

a great hunk ot rock in the sky Then comes the tedious bit. 

you are inert ilessly assaulted Since you are a normal homo 

SPUO SHOtAD GO 'ROUND 

T t w o NA NAG 

OAT'S A JOICE BOSS! 

MAYBE WE 511011t0 HIRE 

SONE MORE BOY5,_MUGSY. 

CAN GET HOLO OF TWO AT 

OA MOST, SO NOW MANY 

oft VA HANNA HIRE, 0,10R 

2? 

17 GRAND BARRELS: 

AS THE NIGHT CLOSED IN. my hands tumbled with 

blac k as a Mt( k I inn dream. cellophane and loaded 

BONGO 

C-16, Plus/4 

- 

1 

the 

the 

THIS VARIATION OF A PLAT- our hero trying to rescue a 

form anti ladders game finds damsel in distress. Before the 

Mugsy file in the sleepy blue 

4.11. 

glow of the monitor. Colours 

flashed and I was transported 

back to the heady, dry days of 

1917. As Mugsy blinked under 

the unaccustomed daylight 

outside the stammer, the Feds 

welt'tamping, down on liquor. 

Through half-closed eyes the 

Boss dreamed of empire as my 

spirit slipped easily into his 

mind. 

First we got the boys 

together and made a deal with 

the Canadian hoods across the 

Parallel. All the gin joints had 

been driven underground like 

worms in a drought and easy 

pickings were the harvest, All 

we needed were the boom. 

the speakeasies. the dames and 

damsel can be rescued Bongo 

must collect 10 sparkling jewels 

(flashing dots) from around the 

screen. 

Travel around the playing 

area is via a number of slides, 

trampolines. ladders and teleportation 

chambers. Of course, 

movement around the 

platforms isn't easy as the everpresent 

baddie is out to stop 

wcr. 

As well as collecting the 

jewels. Bongo can also get 

himself extra points by 

gathering the letters that are 

'loafing around the screen. 

Ok, so there's nothing original 

so far. Even so I he game has 

some interesting aspects. For a 

Originality Playability Graphics 

sapien p O S S C 

, , , o n l y 

o n e 

% -;•••1" 

ahae For 

life and must wait for the Game 

Over screen to conclude 

several dischordant bars of 

'music' before you can send 

another unfortunate spacer to 

certain death. 

The green force fields aren't 

too bad since they disappear 

every few seconds and you can 

nip through. Apparently there 

is away to deactivate the blue 

and purple ones but I never 

lived long enough to find out 

how to do it. 

This is definitely one of 

Mastertronic's better offerings. 

Spend fl .99 and die as many 

times as you like. 

M.C. 

the dough. 

New Year brings resolutions, 

mine is to kick the rotgut 

for the duration and show a 

profit. I've hired the Pixel 

Brothers to record the high 

points in full colour. They even 

came up with a slick cartoon of 

'Chalk' McHugh getting his 

card marked down the Pool 

Hall. I'll show it each New Year 

as a warning to any other 

creeps till they get bored with 

the message. Life is still as dull 

as the shine on felt spats. Even 

the shoot-outs are rituals of 

emptiness. Everything is the 

greyness behind a rainbow, a 

pig in a poke. 

J.G. 

start all of the characters are 

extremely large and well 

defined, the colour facilities of 

the C-16 and Plus/4 being used 

io their full. This certainly 

makes a change from being 

chased around a screen by a 

single colour, one-characterhigh 

monster. 

Secondly. Bongo comes 

complete with a built-in screen 

designer. Once you get fed up 

of running around the screens 

provided you have the option 

of designing your own. 

Well done, Anirogl A 

program that all games-playing 

C-16 and Plus/4 owners should 

not be without. 

S.C.

ACTION R E Fs L A 

DR WHO AND THE MINES OF TERROR 

Micropower (64 

"I 

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p. 

CLOSELY GUARDED COPYrights 

had to be skirted around 

in the production of this game, 

based around television's most 

successful science fiction 

series. The BBC seem pleased 

to be associated with the 

product but I suspect that the 

series' creator decided that it 

was against the national 

interest to tarry with Micropower. 

No doubt royalty fees 

lie at the heart of this situation. 

The result is reflected in the 

appearance of, dare I say it. 

Dalek-like creatures called 

Controllers who guard the 

TIRU machine which the 

Doctor must disable before the 

fabric of the time-space continuum 

is torn to shreds. 

The TIRU (Time Instant 

Replay Unit) is a temporal 

editing suite. An instant in time 

can be recorded, edited and 

replaced for good or evil 

sur soses by the use of this 

COMMANDO 

Elite C-16, Plus/4 E7.95 

COMMANDO ON THE C64 

was exstremely popular, it was 

machine. It is therefore the real 

time equivalent of our humble 

VHS video system_ The source 

of its power lies in rods of 

Heatonite crystal which is only 

found in sufficient quantity on 

the planet Rijar. For obvious 

reasons this is where the TRU 

has been built and it is now 

controlled by the Doctor's 

arch-enemy, the Master. 

The pre-publicity claims 

that the game starts with the 

familiar Dr Who theme. Well, if 

this is true then rm a toreador. 

Maybe, there were more 

copyright - problems but 

judging by the voicing of the 

existing tune it appears that we 

haven't missed much. I strongly 

advise that you play this game 

with the volume turned off_ 

The good old Police Box 

Tardis gradually materialises at 

the start of the game and out 

pops the Doctor and his new 

assistant Spinx. the robotic cat. 

i his white feline is an amazing 

invention of the Time Lords 

and it can wander at will 

through the ensuing unobserved 

by all except the 

Doctor. It is a secret weapon in 

every sense of the word and if 

lost it will be impossible for the 

good Doctor to complete his 

mission to destroy the TIRU 

and recover the plans_ 

Splinx can be programmed 

to perform a range of tasks as 

long as it does not involve 

climbing! Whether it suffers 

from vertigo or not is not 

explained but the only way to 

persuade it to go up a ladder is 

to force the Doctor to carry it. It 

is nonetheless a very useful 

beast which can be sent to 

recover any item whith is near 

one of the markers which the 

Doctor can throw around the 

place. 

Ii is not long before Splinx's 

assistance is necessary. After a 

short exploratory walk around 

the Heatonite mine a dinosaurlike 

creature, a Madrag, will be 

encountered. Normally this 

will first be in the form of 

Madrag eggs which hatch 

spontaneously as soon as a 

suitable food source comes 

near. Guess Who is suitable! 

The eggs are also jealously 

guarded by mother Madrag 

and this is a useful key to the 

solution of the first of many 

problems which must be faced. 

The documentation with 

the game is superb. an area in 

which Micropower usually 

excells_ Apart from the usual 

loading and playing instruc- 

I would be very easy to expect 

that a conversion of the game 

by the same company would be 

of the same high quality. Well it 

isn't. The only similarity 

between this and the C64 

version is the fact that you 

control a Commando who is 

under heavy enemy fire. 

In this version of the game 

the screens are static. Before 

you can get on to the next level 

you have to clear the screen of 

enemy personnel. 

The first level places your 

commando under heavy 

enemy fi re from enemy 

trerxhes. I said heavy and I 

mean it, if you so much as 

lull ot scrolling screens and pause for a second you will 

excellent sound effects. It probably lose a life, There is a 

4. 

1 

Playability Gra phics Va lue 

) 

For 

Money 

) 

tions the pack also includes a 

sealed solution to the Madrag 

problem, a detailed breakdown 

of the main elements of 

the game, a map of part of the 

mining complex and a printout 

of the major objects 

encountered in the game. The 

final card in the pack is vital 

because it gives the code used 

to recover the memory capsule 

containing the TIRU plans_ By 

far the greatest challenge is an 

encounter with a controller_ 

They are fast and persistent in 

their pursuit of an enemy. As 

long as they can see which way 

you went they will give chase. 

Fortunately, they cannot climb 

ladders or move off the grid 

floor which supplied their 

power. 

The Doctor regenerates 

each time he is killed. This 

means that he returns to the 

TAR DIS or the last Cryogenic 

Sleep Chamber (CSC) that he 

passed. All of the objects which 

have been found and tucked 

away in his copious pockets will 

be retained but he will always 

have to relocate Splinx. The 

CSCs have a second, important 

purpose. By standing next to 

one of these the game can be 

saved until another day. 

Graphically. the game is 

quite pleasant. the casual lope 

of the Doctor is particularly 

impressive. The challenges are 

difficult but logical and, apart 

from the nagging music. I 

wholeheartedly recommend 

this game. 

I.G. 

simple trick to this scr een that 

enables you to get through it 

quickly. Dodge all of the 

enemy bullets and get behind 

the trenches in which the men 

hide. 

In the second screen our 

commando finds himself in • 

front of a bridge guarded by 

the enemy_ This is about as 

much as I can tell you. As soon 

as this screen opens, missiles 

and bullets are winging their 

way towards you, you don't 

stand a chance. 

In my mind the only 

commando that should tackle 

this game is one with a death 

wish_ 

S. 

C 

.

1 

ACTION Ft EP L A 0 

DEFENSE MENU 

3-4-4 Off(NSJ 

4-2-6 coiruisi 

4-3-4 DEEENSJ 

7-1-3 DEFENSJ 

RETURN TO PEA 

THIR I Y SIX. TWENTY FOUR. 

Thirty six. Hup! Hupt Yes, after 

considerable delays, Ocean's 

Superbowl has finally arrived 

amidst considerable razzamatazz 

and waving of pompoms. 

Most of the delays were due to 

various gameplay problems 

(scores of over 100 points were 

being recorded) but these have 

now been sorted out. 

Fans of American Football 

will know that despite initial 

appearances, there is actually a 

great deal of skill involved in 

the game, organising tactics 

and running to predetermined 

patterns. Ocean has managed 

to pack a lot of detail into this 

game although some patriotic 

prejudice is displayed with a 

reference to real football in the 

instructions! For people who 

know nothing at all about this 

thrilling game, there isan audio 

tape included in the package 

which gives you a quick run 

down on the rules, terms and 

basic tactics. This works very 

well and is a lot better than the 

normal 12 page booklet that 

you usually get. 

The screen is divided into 

two main sections. On the right 

is an overhead view of the 

playing area. This depicts the 

starting positions of the move 

that you want to try and 

execute and then follows the 

move through once the ball has 

been snapped. You control 

one previously determined 

player although it is possible to 

change this during the course 

of the play if you are fast 

enough. Eleven men On each 

side running in 22 different 

directions takes quite a bit of 

getting used to! 

The left hand side of the 

screen serves two functions. As 

a purely decorative part of the 

game, an action replay of the 

previous play appears on the 

giant screen. This shows the 

players running, throwing, 

tackling and catching the ball 

and is nicely animated 

although it tends to get a bit 

repetitive after a while (you can 

stop the display with a quick 

press of the fire button). 

The nitty gritty part of the 

game -deciding on your tactics 

is determined through a series 

of menus. Starting with the 

offense, an initial menu gives 

you the chance to try a long or 

short pass, a rushing play or a 

special play (fi eld goal 

attempts, punts and goal line 

rushes). These choices lead 

into sub-menus giving you a 

choice of starting formations 

with such esoteric names as 

shotgun and split red. Selecting 

"view next frame" from the 

menu allows you to watch the 

players moving to their 

designated positions - a very 

useful option that gives you 

some understanding of the 

theory behind the manoeuvres. 

You can also change which 

player you want to receive the 

ball once 'the move has started. 

When you are happy with 

your choices, the "play games" 

option allows your opponent 

(or the computer) to decide on 

their defensive strategy. As 

soon as that is ready, the move 

is ready to be executed. The 

center snaps the ball back to 

the quarterback whilst the 

other players start to move 

upfield according to your 

instructions. A quick press of 

l 

i 

t 

7 , G-7 

Otialinality 

the lire button moves the 

cursor around the eligible 

receivers starting with the one 

that you previously designated. 

As your finger is removed from 

the button, so the ball is thrown 

and the receiver comes under 

joystick control. He must then 

move to where he thinks the 

ball is going to land as he 

endeavours to catch it. 

Instead of passing the ball, 

the offense may try to kick it, 

either attempting to score a 

field goal or simply punting to 

relieve their lines. Keeping the 

fire button pressed brings up a 

power scale showing the 

percentage of the maximum 

kick currently chosen. It is 

tempting to go for full range 

every time but this is wrong as 

the accuracy of a kick 

decreases with power. 

The defense is somewhat 

more complicated to organise. 

Apart from choosing your 

initial formation from 3-4-4, 4- 

3-4, 4-2-5 and 7-1-3, you must 

also decide who is going to 

mark whom, which players are 

going to go for the opponent 

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holding the ball and which 

offensive players will remain 

unmarked. Again, you can 

decide which player you wish 

to control in the ensuing move 

(number 73 William 'The 

Fridge Perry is likely to be a 

popular choice). 

Superbowl is the best 

American Football game seen 

to date. Based on this January's 

game in which the Chicago 

Bears thrashed the New 

England Patriots 46-10, it is an 

extremely credible situation. 

Devotees of the game need 

look no further. For people 

who know absolutely nothing 

about the game, why not try 

your hand before the new 

season starts on Channel 4. 

C.R.H. 

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ARCHON II: ADEPT 

Ariolasoft 

E12.95, joystick required, C64 

2 

: 

- 

A 

C 

T 

I ARCHON WAS ONE OF THE 

most original strategy games 

ever 

O 

written, justifi ably 

winning several awards. Now 

Electronic Arts has released a 

sequel on the Ariolasoft label. 

Archon 

N 

II. Adept sees you 

taking sides in an epic struggle 

between the Master of Order 

and the Mistress of Chaos in a 

game 

R 

featuring both strategy 

and arcade elements. 

The strategy takes place on 

a screen featuring the four 

concentric 

E 

rings representing 

the classical elements of Earth 

Water, Air and Fire. In addition, 

there are two neutral squares 

which 

P 

represent the void and 

the home squares for each side 

- the Fortress of Order and the 

Temple of Chaos. 

L 

The aim of the game is to 

occupy six power points. Two 

of these are the void squares 

and the other four are the 

outer corners of the elemental 

bands, 

A 

These four rotate in turn 

from band to band. You can 

also win by the total annihilation 

of the opposition's forces. 

You start the game with four 

adepts - one in each element. 

Each turn, they can either move 

or cast a spell providing that 

you have sufficient energy to 

carry out your choice. There 

are seven spells to choose from 

but the one that you will use 

more than any other is 

summon". This is used to 

bring another piece on the 

board. 

The other spells available to 

you are: heal one of your 

pieces, weaken an opponent's 

piece, imprison an enemy, 

release one of your own 

imprisoned pieces, banish a 

hostile enemy or something 

called apocalypse which is a 

final battle used to put your 

adversary out of his misery. 

Casting spells costs varying 

amounts of energy depending 

on its potency. How much 

energy you have at your 

disposal depends on how many 

power points you occupy. 

There are two types of 

pieces that can be summoned, 

demons and elementals, Both 

sides have the same demons at 

their disposal - juggernauts, 

wraiths, gorgons and chimera 

whilst their elementals are 

different. Order can call on the 

services of a giant, kraken, 

thunderbird and salamander, 

representing earth, water, air 

and fi re whilst Chaos has a 

behemoth, siren, itrit and 

firebird available to him. 

All these characters have 

different strengths and weaknesses 

when it comes to 

combat. Sirens for example just 

have to sing and the opposition 

starts to die. Salamanders hurl 

fireballs, gorgons paralyse 

whilst wraiths get stronger as 

you get weaker - they are also 

invisible most of the time and 

'so make extremely formidable 

opponents. Not quite as bad as 

a juggernaut though which is 

best described as pure energy 

on wheels. It just steamrollers 

opposition out of the way. 

Combat occurs when two 

Originality Graphics Vaasa For 

Money 

2 s 1 0 

. , N 

, (c21 

. 

. 

. 

. 

. 

L 

pieces want to occupy the same 

square. The scene switches to 

the battleground where you 

must make instant decisions as 

you ltry to probe the opposition's 

weaknesses and utilise 

your own strengths to their 

best advantage. Each piece's 

strength is displayed as an 

energy bar down the side of the 

screen. This reduces for each 

successful wound infl icted. 

When the bar reaches zero, the 

icon dies leaving the victor in 

sole possession of the disputed 

square. 

As might be expected, 

pieces fight best when in their 

home element e.g. krakens in 

the water band. After you have 

fired your thunderbolt or 

whatever, it takes time before 

you are allowed to fire your 

next. This time interval varies 

from piece to piece and the 

computer lets you know with a 

ping - high or low depending 

0011P0111 

on which side you're on. The 

battle ground has a number of 

barriers w•hich must be dodged 

round or used strategically. The 

different elements have 

differing effects on missiles and 

icons. For example, fi re 

wounds an icon but leaves 

missiles untouched whilst earth 

destroys missiles and slows 

icons. 

Control of the game is 

entirely via a joystick. Spells are 

selected from a menu whilst 

movement is achieved by 

moving a square shaped 

cursor. Moving round the 

combat screen is straightforward. 

Aiming a missile 

involves pressing the fi re 

button and moving the joystick 

in the desired direction. 

Adepts can move their missiles 

whilst in flight a useful trick to 

know. 

Archon II features a wide 

range of options to choose 

from: Which side you play, 

number of players and their 

skill levels. Be warned though. 

the computer plays a very 

mean game and you are likely 

to be thrashed in your first few 

games. I would strongly 

recommend that you watch the 

demonstration games a few 

times so that you can get some 

idea of the strategies and tactics 

required. 

Archon II is an excellent 

strategy game and one that will 

take you a lifetime to master - 

then you can play with the 

other side and learn a totally 

new set of tactics. Whilst it 

doesn't quite reach the exalted 

standards set by the original, 

that is no real criticism and the 

game can be unreservedly 

recommended. 

GYM.

THE Fl 

THE FIRST OUTSIDE OPERATING 

SYSTEM FOR TKE CBM 64 * 

UTILITY 

OF THE YEAR 

1985 ,--- 

NEW FINAL 

CARTRIDGE 

INCLUDING 

FREEZER 

This new operating system built in a cartridge 

does not use any memory and is always there. 

Compatible with 98% of all programs. 

DISK TURBO - 6 times faster loading • 

is times faster saving. 

TAPE TURBO - 10 times faster, even 

with files • normal Commodore 

commands compatible with standard 

turbo's. 

ADVANCED CENTRONICS INTER- 

FACE - compatible with all the wellknown 

centronics printers and Commodore 

printer programs. Prints all the 

Commodore graphics and control codes 

(important for listings) 

SCREEN DUMP FACILITIES - of low 

res a n d multicolour screens!! 

Prints full page with 12 shades of grey 

for multicolour pictures even from games 

and programs like Doodle, Koala pad, 

Printshop etc. Searches automaticly for 

the memory-address of the Picture. 

Special version available for the CBM 

801 and 803 printers. 

24K EXTRA RAM FOR BASIC- 

PROGRAMS AVAILABLE: TwLi new 

commands _Memory read", „Memory 

write". They move 192 bytes with 

machinelanguage-speed anywhere in the 

64K Ram of the CBM 64. Can be used 

with strings and variables 

BASIC 4.0 COMMANDS - like Dload. 

Dsave, Dappend, Catalog. etc. 

BASIC TOOLKIT - with Auto, Renurn 

(incl. (3oto and Gosub). Find, Help, Old, 

etc. 

• works with C128 in the 64 mode. 

AL CARTRIDGE 

Original multicolour full page screen 

dump print Out 

PREPROGRAMMED FUNCTION 

KEYS: - Run. Load, Save. Catalog, Disk 

commands, List !removes all listprotections). 

KEYBOARD EXTRA'S - Allows you to 

delete part of a line; stop and continues 

listings: move cursor to lower lefthand 

corner Pokes and Syscalls in Hex. Typcommand 

operates your printer as a 

typewriter 

Cl.HAPUTE1-4 

COMFORTABLE EXTENDED MI_ 

MONITOR: - with relocated load 

scrolling up and down. Bankswitching, 

etc. - does not reside in memory. 

RESET SWITCH: - resets to monitor; 

resets with old, resets to Hi-res printing; 

resets every protected program. 

ON/OFF SWITCH - we hope you never 

need that one 

FREEZER: 

Stops and continues almost every 

program and allows you to make a total 

back up to disk or tape automatically. 

Specs: Creates one file on disk or tape. 

Packs the program. 

Freezes 4 to 6 times faster than 

dedicated freezers. 

Menu driven. 

Freezer options include: 

full page printing 

fore- and background colour changes 

reverse printing 

jumps to monitor or reset 

Training mode: 

kills sprite collision detection. 

14 Days money 

back guarantee 

if you are 1 2 Months repladissatisfied_ 

c e m e n t guarantee 

U.K. ORDERS Available by the wellknown 

Commodore Dealers or directly from 

H & P Computers 

9 Hornbeemwalk 

Witham Essex CM8 2 SZ England d. 

Telephone: 0376 - 51 14 

71 

. 

copyright and registered trademark H&P computers 

Wolph•mtsbucht 236 30E13 folV Rotterdam F11etheriandy ray 01031 - 10231982 Tellit• 213401 a intx nt

Save your fingers a lot of 

work with our new software 

[service. 

IT'S THREE O'CLOCK IN THE MORNING. 

You sit at the computer keyboard having 

Just finished a marathon typing session 

entering one of the superb programs 

from Your Commodore. Your fingers 

reach for the keyboard and press the 

letters R. U and Ni. You sit back 

expet tautly and...nothing happens. 

Well. I'm sure that we have all had 

problem before now. When it does 

happen it's a matter of spending hours 

searching through the program for any 

typing mistakes. No matter how long you 

look or how many people help you, you 

can usually guarantee that at least one 

little bug slips through unnoticed. 

Here, at YOUT Commodore, we pride 

ourselves on the quality ot listing that we 

print. Unfortunately, this usually means 

that they are also very long, thus taking 

longer to type in and leaving more room 

for errors. All of the listings in Your 

Commodore are taken straight from a 

printout of working programs, it is 

therefore very unusual for errors to 

appear in the magazine. 

Because of the length of our programs 

we do get a large number of requests from 

readers who would like us to put specific 

E 

P 

1 

1 

r/A 

programs on tape or disk for them. 

Obviously this is very time consuming and 

means that we can't spend as much time 

working on the magazine as we would 

like. 

We are therefore proud to announce 

the start of the Your Commodore Software 

Service'. Most of the programs from 

each issue of the magazine will now be 

available on a single cassette for a price of 

just €4.00. We will not be making disks 

available since they would have to be a lot 

more expensive and more difficult to 

post. This shouldn't cause you any 

L 

ARGUS SPECIALIST PUBLICATIONS LTD 

I A l l cheques/postal orders should be made payable to: 

-E 

A 

I would like to order the following cassettes: (please tick box) 

S 

E 

UTILITY SPECIAL YCMA862 E4.00 

C 

1O 

M 

P 

L 

E 

APRIL '86 

MAY '86 

JUNIE'86 

YCAPR86 E4.00 

YCMAY86 £4.00 

YCJUNlit) 1 UN I I 

T I enclose a cheque/postal order for f 

E 

I 

N 

B 

L 

NAME 

ADDRESS 

O POSTCODE 

C All orders should be sent to:- 

K YOUR COMMODORE SOFTWARE, READERS SERVICES, ARGUS SPECIALIST PUBLICATIONS, 

C WOLSEY HOUSE, WOLSEY ROAD, HEMEL HEMPSTEAD, HERTFORDSHIRE HP2 LISS. 

A 

P 

I 

T 

A 

L 

S 

Please allow at least 28 days for delivery. 

problems though as none of the programs 

will be protected and it will be a simple 

matter to save the programs to disk 

yourselves. 

All programs on the cassette will be 

saved using a tape turbo routine. 

However, we cannot guarantee that all 

programs will work correctly with this 

turbo routine present We therefore 

recommend that betore you use any of 

the programs you make a copy of the 

programs on your own cassette or disk 

and use this version of the program not 

the original. 

)RDER

lin 1111 EOM EIMIIIM M E M III • EN 

• 

When you are designing a game one of the longest jobs is de- 

. 

in. 

M.. 

• • . .1 

. . . 11 signing the sprites. If you are good at art then fine, if not your 

. 11 • • • • 1 •••• next monster will probably end up looking like a square box 

. 

• K•• 10 • • • I ••I•1 •IMI with legs, 

OM ES N M U S • •1 • Now, Your Commodore comes to the rescue once again 

. • • • • • • • • 

II II • 1 1 

••• 

EI••• • • • • • • with Sprite Ideas. If you have designed any sprites for games 

S • E• • mom • •No • and you don't mind other people seeing your masterworks 

UO 

M MEE E M I EMU lollim... then why not send them into us. Each month we will be offering 

•II SU U•.0U U U 1. CIO for the best entries. 

U• 

• • IUUUU •UU • • ••••• • Your sprites can be anything at all (within reason), if you've 

U• 

• • 1111 USUSU UUU MS MU• • • 

OM 

• • 

• designed a series of animated characters then send in the lot. 

. •• 

ME • 

• •. . •• We'd love to have a look at them. 

U• 

• 111 O H•III 

• rat.. 

ME 

I . r 

ME IMI So, next timeyou areafter anOgreto put in your newgame, 

MOM • MOO have a look in this section of the magazine and you may find 

U• 

OM • • M 

. 

• •••II 

just what you are looking for. 

0 • • NOMMEN • II 

U 

. 

This U month's sprites are from Aman Khan from Hayes, Middlesex. 

. 

. 

. 

• 

. 

S 

• 

m 

U 

• 

U 

r 

U 

U 

U 

U 

U 

U 

U 

I 

.."4•40. 

• . . . . . . . 

• • • • • • • • .• „ 

• 

IPS • • • • 

11•••• 

- 

• • • • 

1 

•••• ....... 

• • • 

••••• 

... .4. 

•• 

••• . . 

4 

. . . 41 

, 

•• •1 • 4 4 4 fl 

, 

4 

4" 1 4 0 fl 

11 

- 

4 fl 

•• •. • • • 

•••• • 

••• 

1 

11” 

0 

” 

- 

•••• 

' • 0 . 0 . . 

• 1F• • • • • • 

• • • • • • • • • • • 

"Iltntv, 

5 POKE53251.0:POKE53280.0:PRINT"ICLR)"IREM SETS UP SCREEN COLOURS AND CLEARS SCR 

EEN 

10 FORA...0T01407READQ:P0KE12288.A.0:NEXT:REM POKES DATA INTO 12288 ONWARDS. 

20 REM ONCE DATA HAS BEEN READ IN ONCE TYPE 'RUN 1200 TO RUN THE PROGRAM AGAIN 

100 REM FRAME ONE...SPRITE ONE 

105 DATA0,0,10.0.3.105.0.63,213.0.253.85.3.255.117.3,255.245.15,2 

55 110 DATA213.21.255.85.85.117.85.85.253.85.87.255.85,31.255.85.23. 

. 255,213,5,255 

120 DATA85.1.127.85.1.125.85.0.93.214.0.21.90.0.1.106.0.0.10. 

245 0130 REM FRAME ONE.. SPRITE TWO 

135 DATA160.0.0,213.192.0.93.252.0,125.127.0.85.255.192.87,255.192.8 

. 

7140 

DATA85.215.252.85.85.124.87,245.127.95.253,95,95,255.255,8 

23 

.255.2 150 7 DATA220,85.127.80.85.127.64.85.93.64.85.85.0,153.84.0.170.64.0.160.0.0.0 

. 

40 .25 200 REM FRAME T W O 

255 205 

5, - DATA0.0.10.0.1.93.0.21.85,0,245,87,3.213.85.3.221,85.15.253.85,63.245.8 

5 

252.85. 

SPRITE 

255 O N E

210 DATA63.245.85.255.85.85.117.85,85.253.85.87.63.85.85,63.213.85.15,213.85 

220 DATA3.85.85.3.117.85.0.85.85.0.21.106.0.1.170.0.0.10.0 

230 REM FRAME TWO...SPRITE TWO 

235 DATA160.0.0.107.192.0.223.252.0,223.255.0.95.255,192,255,255.192.127.255 

240 DATA240.93.127.252.85,87.252.127.87.255.255.255,255.255.253.247.255.253.244 

250 OATAl27,245.212,127.245.80.95.245.64.87.213.64.85,213.0.89.84.0.170.64.0 

260 DATA192.0.0.0 

300 REM FRAME THREE...SPRITE ONE 

305 DATA0.0.10.0.3.126.0.21.223.0.87.223.1.85.95.1.85.255.13.85.127.61.85.93 

310 OATA53.85.85.245.85.127.213.85,255.213.87.255.53.85.255.61.65.255.15.85.127 

320 DATA3.85.95.3.85.137.0.117,85.0.21.105.0.1.170.0.0.10.0 

330 REM FRAME THREE...SPRITE TWO 

335 DATA160.0.0.149.64.0.255.252.0.255,255.0.255.255.192,127.255.192.253.255 

340 DATA240.255.255.252.87,255.252.87,255.255,255.255.255.255.255,255.253.253 

350 DATA252.253,125.116,245.117.80,245.85.64.213.85.64.213.85.0.85.84.0.153.6 

360 DATA0,160.0.0.0 

400 REM FRAME FOUR...SPRITE ONE 

405 DATA0.0.10.0.3.235.0.55.255.0.247,255.•.87.255.1.255.223.5.127.253.21.93 

410 DATAl27.21,85.87.85.127.87.85,255.255.87.255.247.21,255.245.21.255,213.5 

420 DATAl27.213.1.127.85.1.93.85.0.93.85.0.21,90,0.2.170.0.0.10.0 

430 REM FRAME FOUR...SPRITE TWO 

435 DATA160.0.0.235.192.0.255.252.0.255.255.0.255.255.192.255.255.192.255.255 

440 DATA240.255,255.244.255.255.244.255.255.85.255.253.85.255.245.85,253,245.84 

450 DATAl25.93.84.117.85.240,85.117.192.85.87.192.85.87.0,85.84.0.169.64.0.160 

460 0ATA0.0.0 

500 REM FRAME FIVE...SPRITE ONE 

505 DATA0.0.10.0.3.254.0.63.255.0.255.255,3,247.255.3.255.127.13.127,255.21.87 

510 DATA255.63.87.255.255.255.255.255.247,255,255,245.253.63.213.245.63.213.117 

520 DATA15.85.85.3.85.85.1.85.85.0.85.85.0.21,85.0.1.106.0.0.10.0 

530 REM FRAME FIVE.. SPRITE TWO 

535 DATA160.0.0.171.192.0.255.252.0.255.255.0.255.255.192.255.255.192.255.253 

540 DATA208.255.253.84.255.245.212.255.87.213.253,85.85.245,85.85.245.117.84,93 

550 DATA85.84.85.95.112.117.127.192.85.95.192.85,95.0.165.84.0.170.64.0.160.0.0 

560 DATA° 

600 REM FRAME SIX...SPRITE ONE 

605 DATA0.0.10.0.3.235.0.63,255.0.255.255.3.255.255.3.127,255.5.255.255.21.255 

610 DATA255.63.255.255.255,255.255.255.127.255.255.95,125.61,93.125.53,85.87.5 

620 DATA85,85.1.85.93.1.85.85.0.85.85.0.21.90.0.1.170.0.0.10.0 

630 REM FRAME SIX.. .SPRITE TWO 

635 DATA160.0.0.175.192.0.255.244.0.255.245.0.255.253,64.255.255,192.255,247.80 

640 DATA255.85.87.253.117.87.213.245,85.85.85.85.85.85.85.117,85.84.85.85.84.95 

650 DATA93,80.127.255.64.127.255.64.95.221.0.85,84.0.170,64.0.160.0.0.0 

700 REM FRAME SEVEN...SPRITE ONE 

705 DATA0.0.10.0.3.254.0.63.255.0.255.255.3.255.255.3.255.255.15,255.255.63.25-t 

710 OATA255.63,255.253.255.255.213.127,255.85,95,125.85.29.125.117,21,87.85,5 

720 OATA85.95,1.93.127.1.85.127.0.85.95.0.21,85.0.1.106.0.0.10.0 

730 REM FRAME SEVEN.. SPRITE TWO 

735 DATA160.0.0.233.64.0.253.84.0.253.87.0.255.87.192.255.223.192.247.87.240.85 

740 DATA85.124.117.85.124.245.85.93.85.85.95.85.85.127.85.85.124.85,85.92.93.85 

750 DATA80.255.85,64.255.93.64.221.117.0.85.84.0.169.64,0,160.0.0.0 

800 REM FRAME EIGHT.,. SPRITE ONE 

805 DAT10.0.10.0.3.234.0.63.253.0.255.253.3.255.255.3.2551255.15.255.247,63.25t 

810 DATA85.63.253.117.255.213.245.255.85,85.253,85.85.61.117.85.23.87.117.5.127 

820 DATA253.1.127.253,1.95.117.0.85.135.0.21.86.0.2.170.0.0.10.0 

830 REM FRAME EIGHT...SPRITE TWO 

835 DATA160.0.0.170.64.0.85.84.0.87.247.0.95.255.192.215.255.192.85,127.240.85 

840 DATAl27.252.85.127.252,85.95,245,85.87,85.85.87.245.65.95.252.85,95.252.85 

850 DATA87.240.117.87.192.213.85.192.85.85.0.149.84.0.169.64.0.160.0.0.0 

900 REM FRAME NINE...SPRITE ONE 

905 DATA0.0.10.0.1.106.0.61.85.0.253.87.3.255,95.3.255.215.15,247.85.63.85.85 

910 DATA61,85.85.213.85,85,85.85.85.85.85.85.23.117.85.63,253.85.15.253.117.3 

920 DATA117.213.1.85.85.0.85,85.0.21.105.0.1.170.0.0.10.0 

930 REM FRAME NINE.. .SPRITE TWO 

935 DATA160,0.0.85.64.0.85,124.0.247,253.0.255.255.64.255.255,192.127.255.240 

940 OATAl27.255.212.127.255.84.95.245.85,87.85.85,87,253.85.127.255.84.95.255 

950 DATA84.95.253.80.87.245.64.87.213.64.85.221.0.101.84.0.169.64.0.160.0.0.0 

1000 REM FRAME TEN.. .SPRITE ONE 

1005 DATA0,0.10.0.1,85.0.21.85.0.87.247.3.95.255.3.215.255.7.85.127.21.85,127 

1010 DATA53.85.127.245.85,95.85.85.87.85.85.87.53.85.127.61.85,95.13.117.95.1 

1020 DATA213.87.1.85.87.0.85.85.0.21.89.0.1.170.0.0.10.0 

1030 REM FRAME TEN...SPRITE TWO 

1035 DATA160.0.0.149.64.0.127.212.0.253.85.0.255.117.64.255.245.64.255.245.80 

1040 DATA255.213.92.255,85.84.245.85,85.85.85.85.253.85.95,255.85.124,255.85 

1050 DATAl24.253.85.80.245.85.64.213.85.64.221.85.0.85.84.0.105.64.0.160.0.0.0 

1100 REM FRAME ELEVEN., SPRITE ONE 

1105 DATA0.0.10.0.1.85.0.21.127.0.247.253.3.255.255.3.255.255.5.127.255.21.127 

1110 DATA255.21.127.255.85.95.245.85.87.85.85.95.245,21.127.255.21.95.255.5.95 

1120 DATA253.1.87.245.1.87.213.0.135.221.0.21.85.0.1.106.0.0.10.0 

1130 REM FRAME ELEVEN...SPRITE TWO 

1135 DATA160.0.0.105.64.0.213.220.0.85.125.0.117.85.192.245.87.192.245.87.240 

1140 11ATA213.85,212,85,85.84.85.87.245.85.95.253.85.95.255,85.87.252.85.85.252 

1150 DATA85.85.112.85.85.64.85.85,64,85.85.0.165.84.0.170.64.0.160.0.0.0.0 

1200 REM THIS SETS UP THE PARAMETERS, 

1205 V-53248:POKEV-0-21.3;POKEV-1-39.1.:POKEV-1-40.1!PRINT-ICLRHYEL)":P0KE53281.0:POKE 

53280.7 

1210 POKEV4-23.3:POKEV4-28.3:P0KEV-0-37.6:POKEV-38.5 

1220 POKEV.170:P0KEV42.194:PONEV4-1.125:POKEV03,125 

1230 A.•192 

1235 REM THIS PART SPINS THE PLANET. 

1240 POKE2040.A:P0KE2041,A41 

1250 F O R B 

-0 1260 00T01240 • 

T 

0 1 2 5 

•NEXMAA 

-1- 

2 : 1 F A - 2 1

Listings will be much easier to 

enter with our new system. 

COMMODORE LISTINGS ARE RATHER 

well known for the horrible little black 

blobs that always abound. Unfortunately 

the graphics characters which are used to 

represent graphic and control characters 

do not reproduce very well and they are 

also difficult to find on the Commodore 

keyboard 

In future all control and graphics 

commands will be replaced by a mnemonic 

within square brackets. This mnemonic is 

not typed out as printed in the magazine 

but rather the corresponding key or keys 

on the keyboard are pressed. For example 

[RIGHT] means press the cursor right key, 

you do not type in [RIGHT]. All of the 

keywords, what keys to press and how 

they are shown on the screen are shown 

below 

Any character that is accessed by pressing 

shift and a letter will be printed as 

(Sletter]. 

[SA] shift and A 

[St] shift and + 

Any chdracter that is accessed by 

pressing the Commodore key and a letter 

will be printed as [Cletter] 

CA] Commodore and A 

C+j Commodore and + 

[Clj Commodore and 1 

Mnemonic Symbol what to press 

[RIGHT] 

[LEFT] 

[UP] 

[DOWN] 

[H] 

IF21 

(151 

[F41 

• M O 

MOM • 

OMOM 

•m 4 8 0 

moo mEM 

moo • • 8 

MOM • E M 

MOM MOM 

OM. M O 

MEMO 

left/right 

Mt left/ri 

ght 

Shif 

t cl o wn 

& 

u 

pup/down 

ti 

shift & fl 

f3 

shift 8,e 13 

If any characters are repeated the 

mnemonic will be followed by a number. 

This number is how many times you 

should enter the character. Any number 

of spaces over one will also be 

epresented in this form 

RIGHT10] press cursor right 10 times 

C+10] press Commodore and + 10 

imes 

SPC10] Press the space bar 10 times 


IF5j 

[F6] 

IF131 

[CLEAR] 

[HOME] 

IRVSON] 

[RVSOFF] 

MOMS 

IMMO 

mums 

DOOM 

MOO• 

.008 

MO 

MO 

mai 

OM 

OM 

OM 

• • E 

• • 

MO M O 

MOM 800 

010M• 

MMOOMSOS 

MM•M • 

f5 

shift & 15 

17 

shift & 17 

shift & CLR 

/HOME 

CLR/HONit 

CTRL & 9 

CTRL & 0 

Any other characters should be easily 

recognisable for example CTRL-N means 

press CTRL and N and LEFT-ARROW 

means press the left arrow. 

Any number of mnemonics can be 

enclosed in brackets for example 

[SA10,SPC10,SA10] 

means type 10 shift A's 10 spaces and 

another 10 shift A's. 


[BLACK] 

[WHITE] 

[RED] 

[CYAN] 

[PURPLE] 

[GREEN] 

[BLUE] 

[YELLOW] 

MOOS 

•OMM 

O• 

••118110 

•M • EMM 

•m MEMO 

m• mMEM 

MO MOOM 

CTRL & 1 

CTRL & 2 

CTRL & 3 

CTRL & 4 

CTRL & 5 

CTRL & 6 

CTRL & 7 

CTRL & 8

THE CREATOR SERIES 

Now you can let your mind go in a 

crescendo of creativity. You may think 

you are unable to program, you may 

know nothing about computing but now 

YOU are able to write stunning original 

machine code programs. ARCADE 

ARCADE CREATOR 

CREATOR, the first release in the 

CREATOR SERIES, allows you to 

program your own arcade games in the 

language you know best - English. 

If you prefer the complex mind 

stretching world of the strategy 

program, then the second in the series, 

BATTLE CREATOR, is for you. Using 

simple commands you can devise your 

own brain buster, without busting your 

own brain in the process. 

For the budding musician, the third in 

the series, MUSIC CREATOR, helps you 

to compose your own melodies and 

rhythms. 

The Arg u s Pre ss So f t w a re Gro u p L t d 

Liberty Ho u se . 2 2 2 Re g e n t St re e t , L o n d o n WiR 7(!43 

Telephone 01-439 0 6 6 6 

Music Creator - CBM64 T H E C R E A M E R S E R I E S Arcade/Battle Creator - 

UNLEASHES THE POWER OF YOUR IMAGINATION C 8 M 6 4 , Spectrum & Ams

READER'S 

45

1. Would you please tick the box against 

the statement which best describes how 

much of Your Commodore you normally 

read or look through: 

Read or look through most or nearly all 

the articles/features 0 

Read or look through some of the 

articles/features 

Just read or look through the occasional 

article/feature 0 

2. With regard to the advertisements in 

Your Commodore, do you: 

Read or look through most or nearly all of 

the advertisements? 0 

Read or look through some of the 

advertisements? 0 

Just read or look through the occasional 

advertisement? 0 

Very rarely/never look at the 

advertisments? 0 

3. Thinking specifically about the advertising 

content of Your Commodore, 

would you please rate the two main types 

of advertising matter - Display and 

Classified - in terms of usefulness (please 

tick one against each type): 

Display Classified 

Very useful 0 

Useful 0 0 

Not very useful 0 0 

Not at all useful 0 

4. Have you ever ordered or bought 

equipment/products after reading an 

advertisement in Your Commodore? 

Regularly 

Occasionally 

Never 0 

If the answer to Question 4 is yes, what 

was the last item you purchased in this 

wray and what was its value? 

5. Does anyone else read your copy of 

Your Commodore? 

No 

1 or 2 

3 or 4 0 

More than 4 0 

6. Do you keep your copies of Your 

Commodore for: 

One month? 0 

Three months? 0 

Six months? 

A year or more? 

11 KEPT, PLEASE ANSWER THE NEXT 

QUESTION. 

7. How often do you refer to back issues of 

Your Commodore? 

Once a week or more often 0 

About once a month 0 

Once every three months 0 

Less often 0 

Never refer to back issues 0 

ff. What magaiines other than Your 

Commodore's competitors do you read? 

9. What Daily newspaper do you regularly 

read? 

Daily Mail 

Daily Express 

Daily Mirror 

The Sun 

Ioday 

The Guardian 

The Times 

0 

The Daily Telegraph 

Financial Times 

10. What Sunday newspaper do 

regularly read? 

Sunday Times 

Sunday Telegraph 

The Observer 

Sunday Express 

Mail on Sunday 

News of the World 

Sunday People 

17. Do you use your computer for the following: 

13. Do you own one of the following disk 

drives? 

1541 0 

1551 0 

1570 0 

1571 

Original programmings All the time More than half the time Sometimes Never 

Typing in games listings 

Typing in utility listings 

Playing games 

Educational uses 

Business uses 

you 

11. Name the three television 

programmes you view most regularly. 

12. Which computer(s) do you 

C16 

Plus/4 

C64 

C128 

Vic 20 

PET 

Spectrum 

Amstrad 

BBC 

Electron 

Atari 

own? 

14. Do you own any of the following 

printers? 

Commodore printer 

Epson-compatible printer 

Other 0 

15. Do you own any of the following 

peripherals? 

Joystick 0 

Lightpen 

Mouse 0 

Graphics pad 

O 16. How long have you had a Commodore 

• computer? 

O Less than three months 

O Three to six months 

O Seven months to one year 

O One year to two years 

O Over two years

18. Who else uses your computer? 

Nobody 

Spouse 

Parent 

Children 

Friends 

Other 

19. How much do you estimate you have 

spent in total in the last 12 months on your 

computing activities? 

0- £50 

f51-100 

El 01-200 

1201-500 

1 1500-11000 

11000-1500 

11500-2000 

Over 12000 

20. How much do you expect to spend on 

hardware over the next year? 

0-150 

151-1100 

1101-200 

a 

1201-1500 

Over 1500 

0-150 

151-1100 

1101-f 200 

1201-1300 

1301-1500 

0 

0 

0 

21. How much do you normally spend in a 

12-month period on the following types 

of software? 

22. Do software reviews influence your 

buying? 

Yes 

No 

23. Do Software Charts influence your 

buying? 

Yes 

No 

24. Please tick the box which best 

describes you: 

New reader (within the last 3 months) 0 

Established reader 0 

Occasional reader 

25. Were you previously a regular reader 

of Your 64? 

Yes 0 

No 0 

a 


of Your Commodore before we 

incorporated Your 64? Yes 

No 0 


of BOTH Your Commodore and Your 64? 

Yes 0 

No 

28. Since we incorporated Your 64, do you 

think that Your Commodore is: 

Better 

Same 0 

Worse 

PLEASE STATE WHY 

29. What do you think about the balance 

of articles in Your Commodore? 

About 

More right 

New 0 a 

Programming articles 0 0 

Software reviews 0 0 

Hardware reviews 0 0 

Book reviews 0 a 

Games to type in 0 0 

Utilities to type in D 0 

Business page 0 0 

Adventure column 0 0 

Letters 0 0 

Competitions 0 a 

What else would you like to see in Your 

Cornmodore? 

Games Business Software Educational Software Utilities 

Less 

0 

30. Which listings do you type in? 

All Some None 

Games 0 a 

Utilities 0 a 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

31. Which other computer magazines do 

you regularly buy? 

Commodore Horizons a 

Commodore User 0 

Commodore Computing International 0 

Zzapp 64 

0 

Compute 

a 

Your Computer 

Popular Computing Weekly 

0 

Personal Computer World 

Other 

32. Are you aware of Your Commodore's 

scheduled publication date? 

Yes 0 

No 

33. If you answered yes to Question 32, do 

you attempt to purchase the magazine on 

that day? 

Yes 

No 0 

34. Do you normally obtain your copy by: 

Casual purchase 

Newsagent home delivery a 

Newsagent shop collection a 

Subscription 0 

IS. If you do not obtain your copy be 

subscription, is it due to one of the 

following? 

Subscription too expensive 0 

Good availability through local 

newsagent 

Not every issue is required 0 

Have subscribed previously but lapsed 

36. If you do not subscribe, from which 

type of newsagent do you most often 

obtain your copy? 

High Street shop 0 

Estate shop 0 

Travel Point 0 

Corner shop 

37. Are you a member of a computer club? 

Yes 

No 0 

If yes, please give details 

PERSONAL DETAILS 

38. Please tick the box which represents 

the annual total of your NET income (i.e, 

after tax, National Insurance, pension 

contributions, etc): 

From 111690+ 0 

From 19350 to 111680 

From 17480 to 19340 

From 15980 to 17470 

From 14780 to 15970 0 

Name 

Address 

Marital status 

Sex 

Age 

Occupation 

Number of children 

0 

O 

0 

0 

We would like to thank you very much for 

your help. The information will be 

regarded as confidential and will be used 

solely for the purpose of the survey.

Postage 

will be 

paid by 

licensee 

r 

B 

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TUCK INTO A 

THIRD FOLD 

Do not affix Postage Stamps if posted in 

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Licence No. WC 3970 

Your Commodore 

Argus Specialist Publications Limited 

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SECOND FOLD 

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176 OiSC 0 0 9 0 

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MPS aot (New). • • • 129.00 

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"INSTANT CREDIT" 

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48 Junction Road, Archway, London N19 5RD 

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VISA

1 

1 

Gordon Hamlett explores the 

complexities of US Gold's 

Ultima IV. 

SINCE THE MENACE OF EXODUS WAS 

destroyed, Lord British is looking for 

someone to improve the quality of life 

throughout the land of Britannia. This involves 

finding or achieving something 

called Avatar about which. everybody hds 

heard and nobody appears to know 

an 

How you came to be volunteered for 

this quest is an interesting story. Whilst 

walking in the countryside, you see a 

bright light and hear d strange noise. From 

then on, things get curiouser and 

curiouser and you are inexorably lured by 

some music into a gipsy caravan. There, an 

old woman asks you some questions 

based on honour, valour, justice and 

other virtues. Depending on your 

answers, your character is assessed and 

your profession determined. This may be 

one of eight types including fighter, 

mage, druid and ranger. 

The land of Britannia is a large and 

varied place. There are eight major towns, 

each one specialising in one of the eighth 

professions. , The people inside are 

friendly and you will need to talk to everyone 

you meet, trying to glean useful 

scraps of information. There are castles 

and villages to be explored too- if you can 

find them. Outside of the towns, the land 

is more hostile- wandering bands of orcs, 

rogues, trolls and two-headed ettins etc. 

roam the countryside intent on trying to 

kill you. The land itself can also be hostile 

- marshes give off poisonous gases that 

can rapidly deplete your strength 

although there are healers in several of 

the towns who will cure you - for a price_ 

There are dungeons to be discovered 

and explored, and shrines to be sought 

out. Travel is usually on foot although you 

may be able to beg. steal or borrow horses 

to speed up your journey. You will certainly 

need a ship to visit the islands, not 

all of which are on your map and you will 

have to learn how to use the moongates 

efficiently. There is also rumoured to be a 

balloon or something similar hidden 

away. 

As you travel the land and talk to the 

people, you can try and persuade them to 

CAJ 

Me 

n1 

0 

HE SAYSt 

THOU ART DOING 

VERY WELL INDEED 

ON THE PATH TO 

AVATARHOOD! 

STRIVE YE TO 

ACHIEVE THE 

ILEVATION IS ALL 

EIGHT VIRTUES! 

uHAT ELSE 

- 

! 

C 

Thou ar sworn o op o a ord 4 o 

p a r t a t e s in the forbidden torture of 

prisoners, lach nisht their cries of 

Pdin re('ct% thee. Dolt thou A) Show 

ComPassion by rgportins the deedst or 

8) Honor thy oath aria ignore the deeds 

1

join your party. Up to seven others can 

join - one from each of the other profession 

types - paladin, bard, tinker and 

shepherd being the others. Some will only 

join you when you prove yourself worthy 

to a certain degree. Experience points are 

awarded for killing an enemy. Visit Lord 

British and he will promote you when you 

have gained sufficient points. 

Magic plays a crucial part in the game. 

There are 26 spelk to be mastered but 

before you can think about casting one, 

you need to know the ingredients and mix 

them in their correct proportions. There 

are six main ingredients that can be 

bought at any good herb shop but all the 

powerful spells require mandrake or 

nightshade which are not so easily come 

by. The spells range in power from simple 

ones, such as healing wounds or casting a 

magical light, through fireballs and 

assorted protections to kill and jinx - a 

jolly little trick that causes your 

opponents to attack themselves instead of 

you. Everybody except fighters and shepherds 

has some magical ability although 

how much depends on your job and 

experience level. 

There is a lot of fighting to be done if 

you are to attain your quest. Combat takes 

place on a variety of tactical displays and 

you can move, attack or cast spells for 

each of your characters in turn. How the 

battle goes depends on what weapons 

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and armour your party owns and how you 

deploy your forces. The use of slings and 

bows, especially by the members at the 

back of your party is recommended. The 

monsters - over 20 different types - fight 

intelligently and will run away if hard 

pressed leaving behind a treasure chest, 

although this is frequently trapped as you 

try to open it. 

So what of the quest itself? The first 

part involves attaining a partial Avatarhood 

in the eight virtues- honour, valour, 

humility, sacrifice, honesty. compassion. 

justice and spirituality. The seer 

Hawkwind keeps you informed as to your 

progress and should be visited frequently. 

At the appropriate time, you have to go 

and meditate at a shrine - provided that 

you have found the correct rune to gain 

you admission and have learned the 

apposite mantra to chant. Only then will 

you be granted a vision. Apart from that, 

you will need to fi nd some coloured 

stones - I found the red one on the eight 

level of Dungeon Destard. After that, I 

don't know apart from the fact that there 

will be some final conflict in a place 

known only as the Abyss. 

Other things to look out for are secret 

passages (which abound in castles and 

dungeons) and the guild where you will 

need to purchase magical keys and gems 

(very useful for mapping dungeons). A 

sextant will also be an essential purchase- 

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if you can find someone to sell you one. 

Above all, you gain information and write 

everything down. The amount of work 

and expense that you have to put into 

gaining even the smallest clue is 

phenomenal. 

The display is in three main boxes. A 

large map displays your current position 

(line of sight vision only). The top right 

hand box displays the statistics for you and 

your party whilst the bottom box is used 

for command entry and as a general 

information box. Everything in the game 

is controlled by single keystroke 

commands apart from conversations 

which usually only require a single word. 

The game comes beautifully packaged 

with two large books, a map and a 

reference card. 

Ultima IV is a superb game and streets 

ahead of any of its rivals. To date. I have 

played it for well over 60 hours and still 

feel that I have only scratched the surface 

of it. If you only buy one game this year, 

make sure it's Ultima IV. 

To 

Ultima IV — C64 

US Gold: Unit 10, The Parkway Industrial 

Lstate, Heneage St, Birmingham R7 47Y 

Price: 09.95 - two disks 

Commodore 64 

Only you can save Europe from 

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25 Cannonball 

Dog Nett 

Battle 

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II I ve sive Action 21 Sitting Target 

12. Noughts I t 28 Sra•ah the 

Crosses 

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13 Bogglas 29 Space Ship 

14 Pontoon 30 Je 

15. Ski Jump 31 Phew 

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34. Ghosts 

35 &de mi s 

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32 Planets 

35 Bla ck Hole 

39 Dynamite 

40 Do Your Sums 

41 De rby Dash 

42 Space Search 

43 Universe 

44. Rate 

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A

kllen Webb explores] 1— draws the dot 

[the complexities of ] 

2 — flips the dot i.e.sets it if it's 

clear, clears it if it's set 

C O L O U R specifiesthecolour 

Imedium-res l c h agraphics.1 n g of e the dot. the Values colour. of A zero value to 15 of 

16 leaves the colour unaltered. 

2) Lines 

Everyone rabbits on about high SYS 51715,X1,Y1,X2,Y2,MODE, 

resolution graphics and how COLOUR 

they can be used for brilliant X1,Y1,X2,Y2 are the coeffects 

and works of art. I am ordinates at the ends of the 

equally guilty having in the past lines. 

discussed their use (January 

3) Area manipulation 

issue). For some applications, SYS 5 1 7 1 8,XC,YC,WI,HI, 

however it may be possible to COLOUR,MODE,[CHARACsettle 

for a lower resulution TER] 

systern. X C , Y C specify the position of 

The C64, in common with the top left hand corner of the 

most other micros, has a area. 

resident set of standard WI is the width of the area. 

characters. Amongst these are HI is the height of the area. 

a number which represent COLOUR acts in the same way 

squares one quarter the size of as the previous commands. 

a normal character, These MODE has the effects: 

squares can be used to plot 0 — EOR's the area i,e, changes 

lines or dots. Using this system it to reverse field. Repeating 

you can achieve a resolution of the command restores the 

80 points across and 50 points area, 

up. Whilst you may not 1 — fills the area with the 

consider this too much of an character specified. 

idea, I recently saw two superb CHARACTER is only 

pictures drawn in this required if MODE equals one. 

resolution. This emphasises A syntax error is generated if it 

that artistic ability can is omitted when MODE=1 or if 

overcome system limitations, it is added when MODE-0. The 

Remember, also, that Jeff character value is the POKE 

Minter's excellent Psychedelia value so that a value of 32 erases 

uses this sort of resolution. t h e area and a value of one fills 

The routines given here the area with the letter A. 

give complete control over thee This command acts on a 40 

drawing of lines and dots and by 25 resolution and, as before, 

the manipulation of screen out of range values are 

areas. i g n o r e d . 

The commands have the 

I've included a simple 

following syntax: demonstration which shows 

1) Dots s o m e ways of using these 

SYS 51 71 2,XP.YP, MODE, commands. The fi rst uses 

COLOUR s h a d e s of grey and dotted lines 

XP,YP are the co-ordinates of 

to give a-3D effect. The second 

the dot. i s just pretty and uses the area 

MODE decides how the dot is command to [OR the pattern. 

drawn: 

(1 — erases the dot 

MODE has the following Both the dot and line 

effects: c o m m a n d s use the 80 by 50 

0 — erases the line, r e s o l u t i o n with the origin in 

1 — draws-the line, t h e bottom left corner of the 

2 — flips the line, s c r e e n . All out of range values 

3 — draws a dotted line. a r e ignored. 

COLOUR is the same as for the 

dot command. 

I PROERAN: LOW RES LOADER 

2000 FOR L.0 TO 56:CX.0 

:FOR D.0 TO 15:READ A 

:CX.CX4:POKE 51712+0164. 

FYI:NEXT D 

2010 READ A:IF AOCX THEN PR 

INPERROR IN LINEN: 

2040+1L810):STOP 

2020 NEXT L:END 

2040 DATA 76,9,202,76,99,204, 

76,193,204,32 

1135,3,32,1697 

2050 12,203,141, 

DATA 12,203,141,134 

1 32,12,203,141,136,3 

3, 1240,6,169,1638 

2060 201,2, DATA 1,56,237,136,3,141 

1 136,3,32,12,203,141,137,3, 

72,152,1465 

2070 DATA 72,138,72,169,0, 

141,132,3,141,133,3,133 

92 52 

2080 1DATA 

133,251,201,50,144, 

173 3 

, 1201,80,144,3,2046 

2090 134 7DATA 

76,247,202,169,49, 

, 656,229,251,133,251,78,135, 

3,1 , 3,46 

2100 699 21 

DATA 70,251,46,133,3,6, 

4133, 

251,6,251,6,251,165,251,6, 

73,20 

251,38,1985 

2110 

, 61 DATA 252,6,251,38,252, 

24,101,251,133,251,133, 

2 

253,165,252,109,136,2607 

0 

2120 DATA 2,133,252,174,133, 

2 

3,169,1,141,133,3,224,0, 

, 

240,6,14,1628 

1 

7 

3 

, 

52 I 

2130 DATA 133,3,202,144,246, 

172 

221,252,202,240,2543 

9 

2140 135 DATA 8,232,224,16,144, 

, 246,76,247,202,173,136,3, 

3,1 201,1,240,20,2169 

2150 77, DATA 201,2,240,8,138,13 

1 251 133,3,24,170,144,21,138, 

, 

77,133,3,1448 

2160 

162 

DATA 24,170,144,13,173, 

,0, 

133,3,73,255,141,133,3, 

138,45,133,3,1584 

2170 DATA 170,189,252,202, 

172,135,3,145,251,56,169, 

216,237,136,2,141,2476 

2180 DATA 138,3,165,251,133, 

253,24,165,252,109,138,3, 

133,254,173,137,2331 

2190 DATA 3,201,16,240,2,145, 

253,104,104,168,104,96,32 

126,123,97,1814 

2200 DATA 124,226,255,236 

1 108,127 

1254,160,32 

2210 98 1DATA 

138 

1 1253,174,32 

165,20,96,72,152,72,138, 

173,32,2 252,225 ,280? 72,169,1,141,1871 

47,183, 

2220 ,251, DATA 136,3,173,139,3, 

201,80,144,3 

1173,140,3,201,1924 

2230 76,247 DATA 80,144,3,76,247, 

1202,173,141,3,201,50,144, 

202, 3,76,247,202,1992 

2240 DATA 173,142,3,201,50, 

144,3,76,247,202,173,140, 

3,56,237,139,1989 

2250 DATA 3,141,143,3,173,

1 

142,3,56,237,141,3,141, 

144,3,169,1,1503 

2260 DATA 141,145,3,141,146, 

3,173,144,3,16,10,160,255, 

140,145,3,1628 

2270 DATA 73,255,24,105,1, 

141,147,3,173,143,3,16,10, 

160,255,141,1650 

2280 DATA 146,3,73,255,24, 

105,1,141,148,3,173,148,3, 

56,237,147,1663 

2290 DATA 3,141,149,3,16,35, 

169,255,141,150,3,169,0, 

141,151,3,1529 

2300 DATA 173,147,3,141,152, 

3,173,148,3,141,153,3,173, 

144,3,48,1608 

2310 DATA 5,169,1,141,150,3, 

76,217,203,169,0,141,150, 

3,169,255,1852 

2320 DATA 141,151,3,173,148, 

3 

1153,3,173,1708 

2330 1DATA 

143,3,48,5,169,1, 

4141,151,3,173,152,3,141, 

1154,3,56,1346 

2340 , DATA 237,153,3,141,155, 

1 

5 

2 

PROGRAM: , LOW RES DEMO 

3 

, 

1 POKE 53281,11 

2 C1.121C2.15 

1 

10 SA.51712 

7 

20 PRINT 

3 

CHRS(147) 

21 FOR , X.0 TO 49 

22 SYS 

1 

SA+3,11,0,X,20,3,02 

23 SYS 

4 

SA+3,X,49,X,29,3,C2 

25 NEXT 7 

26 FOR , X.50 TO 60 

27 SYS 3 503,1,0,X,49,2,C2 

, :NEXT 

28 FOR 1 X.61 TO 79 

29 SYS 4 SA4.34,0,X,49,241 

1:NEXT 

30 SYS , SA+3,61,0,61,49,0,C2 

35 Y1.01Y2.49:DX.49 

:FOR X.0 TO 19 

40 SYS SA4.3,X,Y1,X,Y2,1,C2 

50 SYS SA+3,X+DX,Y1,X+DX,Y2, 

142 

60 Y1=Y141:Y28Y2-1:DX4X-2 

:NEXT 

70 FOR X.8 TO 11 

80 SYS 9+3,1,0,X,49,0,0 

90 SYS SA+3,X,12,X,37,1,C1 

3,173,153,3,141,156,3,78, 

152,3,173,1727 

2350 DATA 153,3,56,237 

0 141,157,3,173,139,3,141, 

152,3, 135,3,173,1672 

2360 DATA 141,3,141,134,3, 

173,158,1,201,3,208,5,173, 

136,3,73,1558 

2370 DATA 255,141,136,3,32, 

46,202,173,157,3,16,30,24, 

109,156,3,1486 

2380 DATA 141,157,3,173,139, 

3,24,109,151,3,141,139,3, 

173,141,3,1503 

2390 DATA 24,109,150,3,141, 

141 

1155,3,141,157,1685 

2400 3,7 DATA 3,173,139,3,24,109, 

6,8 146,3 

24,109,1333 5,2 1 

2410 04, 141 DATA 145,3,141,141,3, 

206,154,3,48,3,76,249,203, 

56, 1 

237 139,3 104,170,104,1753 

2420 

, DATA 168,104,96,32,12, 

203,141,139,3,32,12,203, 

173,1 

41,3, 141,141,3,32,1462 

2430 DATA 12,203,141,140,3, 

120 SYS SA+3,X,0,X,11,3,C2 

125 SYS SA.#3,X,39,X,49,3,C2 

:NEXT 

130 FOR X.40 TO 47 

140 SYS SA4.3,X,0,X,49,0,0 

150 SYS SA1.3,X,10,X,39,1,C1 

160 SYS SA+3,X,0,X,9,3,02 

165 SYS SA+3,X,41,X,49,3,02 

170 NEXT 

175 FOR D.1 TO 1000:NEXT 

:POKE 53281,0:PRINT' 

[BLACK,CLEAR) 

180 PRINT'ECLEARY 

. 

190 FOR A.0 TO 216TEP.1 

200 XL.40+COS(A)S39 

:YL.25+SIN(A):24 

210 SYS SA+3,39,24,XL,YL,I,C 

:C.C+1 

220 NEXT 

230 FOR D.1 TO 1000:NEXT 

240 FOR 1.1 TO 30 

IXO.RND(1)820:YO.RND(1)810 

:1118RND(1)140:HIERND(1)125 

250 SYS SA+640,Y0,11I,H1,16,0 

:NEXT 

260 FOR Y.0 TO 39 

270 SYS SA+6,0,Y,39,1,16,0 

:NEXT:GOTO 240 

32,12,203,141,142,3,32,12, 

203,141,158,1578 

2440 DATA 3,201,2,240,13,201, 

3,240,9,169,1,56,237,158, 

3,141,1677 

2450 DATA 158,3,32,12,203, 

141,137,3,173,139,3,205, 

140,3,144,11,1507 

2460 DATA 72,173,140,3,141, 

139,3,104,141,140,3,173, 

141,3,205,142,1723 

2470 DATA 3,144,11,72,173, 

142,3,141,141,3,104,141, 

142,3,76,24,1323 

2480 DATA 203,32,12,203,141, 

139,3 

132,12,203,1512 

2490 32,12 DATA 141,148,3,32,12, 

203 , 

1203,1 

141 

2500 141 41,14 1DATA 

12,203,141,138,3 

1 , 240,6,32,12,203,141,158,3, 

1,3, 137 

147 , 24,24,173,1513 

2510 , 3,3 DATA 139,3,109,148,3, 

3,3 201,41,144,1,96,24,173, 

2,1 

2,1 390 141,3,109,147,1482 

2520 2,2 DATA 3,201,26,144,1,96, 

03, 

53 

v 

- 

VAMP' 

A 

z 

I 

rillWAWAr 

Graphics 

173,148,3,240,238,173,147, 

3,240,233,2069 

2530 DATA 173,147,3,109,141, 

3,141,147,3,32,85,205,160, 

0,173,138,1660 

2540 DATA 3,208,18,177,251, 

73,128,145,251,173,137,3, 

201,16,240,19,2043 

2550 DATA 145,253,76,67,205, 

173,158,3,145,251,173,137, 

3,201,16,240,2246 

2560 DATA 2,145,253,200,204, 

148,3,2011,213,238,141,3, 

173,141,3,205,2280 

2570 DATA 147,3,208,197,96, 

169,0,133,251,133,252,172, 

141,3,240,16,2161 

2580 DATA 24,165,251,105,40, 

133,251,165,252,105,0,133, 

252,136,208,240,2460 

2590 DATA 24,165,251,109,139, 

3,133,251,165,252,105,0, 

72,109,136,2,1916 

2600 DATA 133,252,104,24,105, 

216,133,254,165,251,133, 

253,96,255,21,255,2650 

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r 10 ASSEMBLE 100, I 

100 REM *- 

i-110 

REM LDA i19 

n120 

REM JSR SFED2 

LAST MONTH WL STARTED TO 

look at the various ways of movinv 

data about. Whilst we 

concentrated on the screen, 

the principles apply equally to 

movement of data anywhere. I 

hope you found the homework 

easy. With the material we 

covered last time, you should 

be able to come up with two or 

three solutions to each 

First. I wanted a routine to 

put a row of stars along the top 

of the screen. Here is one 

$C000 

130 REM WY £0 

140 REM WA [42 

150 REM .LOOP: JSR SEEM 

160 RLM INY 

170 REM CPY E40 

180 REM BNE LOOP 

190 REM RTS 

200 REM 

This uses the print character 

routine in ROM to print 

asterisks to the screen at the 

current cursor position. Lines 

110 and 120 print HOME 

(CHRS(19)). I used this method 

since there is no need to worry 

about updating the colour 

matrix. Those of you with old 

ROM 64s will no doubt be 

aware that when you set the 

cursor colour, the colour 

matrix is not updated. That 

means that if you move data 

direct to the screen memory, 

you will not necessarily get the 

colours you want. New ROM 

64s have had this fixed. 

1he second problem asked 

you to print the character set 

on the screen. Here is my 

solution: 

10 ASSEMBLE 100,1 

100 REM •=SC000 

WELCOME TO THE 

110 REM LDY EO 

120 REM .LOOP: TYA 

130 REM STA E0400, Y 

140 REM IDA fl 

150 REM STA $D800, Y 

160 REM INY 

170 REM BNE LOOP 

180 REM !US 

190 REM 1 

In this routine, I have used 

simple indexing to put 

characters at the start of the 

screen memory. Since I don't 

want to change the address 

indexed, indirect indexing is 

unnecessary. There are 256 

characters with POKE values 

ranging from /ero to 255. I use 

this fact in line 120 by using the 

Y register to update the 

character to be POKEd. Lines 

140 and 150 take care of the 

colour matrix for old ROM 

routines. The Basic equivalent 

to this routine is: 

10 FOR I = 0 to 255 

20 POKE 1024+1, I 

30 POKE 55296,1 

40 NEXT I 

Line 170 acts in a slightly 

different way to the looping 

we've used previously, but I'll 

cover that shortly. 

There is one more 

addressing mode which you 

should be aware of. This is an 

infrequently used mode called 

Pre-Indexed Indirect Addressing. 

This mode uses the X 

register to look for an address 

in a table and act on the 

address. The mnemonic for this 

mode has the form: 

(address,X) 

where address is a zero page 

location. Here are some 

examples: 

LDA (SFB,X) 

STA (SSAA,X) 

IN operation takes a little 

understanding, but here is 

what it does. Imagine that you 

have a table of 16 bit addresses 

stored as a table in zero page 

starting at SAA. 

$AA low byte address 1 

SAB high byte address 1 

SAC low byte address 2 

SAD high byte address 2 

SAE low byte address 3 

SAT high byte address 3 

and so on... 

Amon& 

It X contains the value zero, 

the instruction IDA (SAA•X) 

does the following: 

1) Adds the contents of X (i.e. 

zero) to the address IAA to give 

SAA. 

2) the accumulator is loaded by 

the contents of the address 

held in the resulting byte pair 

IAA and SAB. 

Similarly, if X contains two, 

then the accumulator will be 

loaded with the contents of the 

address pointed at by SAE,SAE. 

This is not an addressing 

mode that you will use often, 

but it's worth knowing about, 

in case you have a need for it 

one day. 

Last month, I introduced 

the use of conditional 

branchng. At that time, it was 

simply to allow us to make 

progress and I made no 

attempt to discuss it at length. It 

is now necessary to look at it in 

some depth. 

In the microprocessor is a 

register called the Status 

Register. This eight bit register 

is used to hold seven flags, each 

using one bit. The flags held are 

as follows: 

i) The Carry Flag (C) 

This fl ag is used to carry 

information on which 

arithmetic operations are 

performed. If, for example., two 

numbers are added to give a 

result greater than 256, the 

carry flag is set so that you can 

take appropriate action. We'll 

discuss this when I deal with 16 

bit arithmetic. 

ii) The Overflow Flag (V) 

Only the first seven bits are 

used for holding data, the 

eighth being a sign bit. Hence 

only numbers in the range +127 

to -127 are used. If an 

operation attempts to store 

greater than +127, then the 

overflow flag is set. Again,we'll 

discuss at a later date. 

iii) The Negative Flag (N) 

This is set if an operation results 

in a negative answer. 

iv) The Decimal Flag (0) 

This is set if you wish to work in 

decimal (BCD) mode. 

vi) The Interrupt Flag (I) 

Set if an interrupt is in progress. 

vii) The Zero Flag (l) 

Set if an arithmetic operation 

gives a zero result. 

The branch instructions test 

the status of a flag and act 

accordingly. The instructions 

provided are: 

BCS — branch if carry flag is set 

BCC — branch if carry flag is 

clear 

BEC? — branch if zero flag is set 

BNE — branch if zero flag is 

clear 

BMI — branch if negative flag is 

set 

BPL branch if negative flag is 

clear 

BVC branch if overflow flag 

is clear 

BVS branch if overflow flag is 

set 

You will generally use these 

instructions directly after an 

arithmetic operation. [he most 

usual are: 

CMP — this compares the 

accumulator to data or the 

contents of a location. 

CPY — compares the Y register 

to data. 

CPX — X analogue to CPY,

These three instructions 

perform a non-destructive 

comparison by subtracting the 

data from the register and 

updating the status fl ag 

accordingly depending on 

whether the result is zero, 

positive or negative. 

Register = Data — set carry 

flag 

Register = Data — set zero 

flag 

Negative register is changed by 

the sign bit. 

So to detect various results, you 

use: 

Register = data — use BCS, 

e.g. 

CMP £4 

BCS LOOP 

branches of LOOP if 

accumulator holds four or 

more. 

Register data — use BCC, 

e.g. 

CPY flO 

BCC LOOP 

branches to LOOP if Y register 

holds less than 10. 

Register data — use BEQ. e.g. 

CPX £6 

BEQ LOOP 

branches if X register holds six. 

Register data — use BNE. 

e.g. 

CMP f 3 

BNE LOOP 

branches if accumulator does 

not hold three. 

If you now look back at last 

month's examples you will see 

how these tests are used. 

Arithmetic instructions such as 

INY,INX,INC,DEY,DEX,DEC 

change the negative and zero 

flags depending on the result. 

(INC and DEC increment and 

decrement a memory location 

by one.) 

My answer to question two 

from last month's homework 

uses this effect, Line 160 

increments the counter. When 

it reaches 255, adding one 

more will result in zero, Since 

this signifies that we have 

finished, I use BEQ in line 170 to 

detect this situation. 

Now we've collected 

together the basic tools, let's 

start writing some decent 

routines. In the last part, we 

discussed the use of NOP 

instructions to create delays. To 

achieve more substantial 

pauses we need to use more 

complex routines. Here is a 

simple delay routine: 

100 ASSEMBLE 110.1 

110 REM *=$C000 

120 REM LDX f$10 

130 REM .1.00P1: LDY 1$10 

140 REM 100P2: DEY 

150 REM BNE 1.00P2 

160 REM DEX 

170 REM BNE LOOP1 

180 REM RTS 

This routine uses a pair of 

nested loops to wait a short 

lime. The values loaded into 

the X and Y registers in lines 120 

and 130 decide the delay. Lines 

140 and 150 count down the Y 

register to zero. This process is 

then repeated the number of 

times in the X register. The 

Basic equivalent of this routine 

would be a pair of nested loops 

such as: 

FOR X=0 TO 10: 1 OR Y=0 TO 

10: NEXT Y„X 

An alternative method is to 

call the routine at SEEB3. This 

routine generates a one 

millisecond delay. 

Let's use this delay routine 

to generate a synapse tweaking 

pattern. Consider the routine: 

100 ASSEMBLE 110,1 

110 REM *=$C000 

120 REM LDA 16 

130 REM STA 998 

140 REM IDA E4 

150 REM STA 999 

160 REM .LOOP: INC $D020 

170 REM INC 1000 

180 REM JSR DELAY 

190 REM JSR $FIE1 

200 REM BEQ FINISH 

210 REM IMP LOOP 

220 REM .FINISH: RTS 

230 REM .DELAY: LDX 998 

240 REM 100P2: LDY 999 

250 REM 100P1: DEY 


270 REM DEX 


290 REM RTS 

300 REM I 

You'll immediately recognise 

lines 250 onwards as being 

our delay routine. The delay 

55 

parameters are held in 

locations 998 and 999 rather 

than being loaded as direct 

values. The line 120 to 150 set 

up the delay parameters. The 

core of the routine is lines 160 

to 210. It is an infinite loop 

which changes the colour of 

the border, delays a bit and 

then loops back. The 

subroutine call in line 19 tests 

the RUN/STOP key. If this key 

is pressed, then the Z flag is set. 

Line 200 checks this and stops if 

the flag is set. Try messing 

about with the delay values and 

see the effect. If you use a bit of 

care and possibly the odd NOP 

to fine tune it, you may be able 

to get some starionary 

coloured bands in the border. 

The next, and last example, 

is a little more useful: 

100 ASSEMBLE 110.1 

110 REM *=$C000 

120 REM LDA OA° 

130 REM STA 998 

140 REM LDA 

150 REM STA 999 

160 REM 1 DY [0 

170 REM 100P3: LDA £42 

180 REM STA $0400,Y 

190 REM IDA El 

1 

0210 

REM TYA • 

0 220 REM ISR DELAY 

R230 

REM TM 

E 

240 REM LDA £32 

250 REM STA $0400.Y 

M 

260 REM TVA 

S 

270 REM JSR DELAY 

T280 

REM TAY 

A 290 REM LDA TABLE,Y 

$ 300 REM BEQ FINISH 

D310 

REM STA $0400,Y 

8320 

REM TYA 

0330 

REM ISR DELAY 

0340 

REM JAY 

, 350 REM INY 

C64 

simulates a device rather like 

the "vidiprinter" used on the 

Saturday afternoon football 

results service on TV. A 

message is slowly printed 

across the screen with a 

flashing asterisk cursor. The 

routine is quite simple. 

Line 160 zeros the Y register 

which will act as our counter. 

Lines 170 and 180 print an 

asterisk in the top left hand 

corner of the screen. Lines 190 

and 200 update the colour 

matrix for you folks with old 

ROM machines. The next three 

lines force a delay. The TYA and 

TAY either side of the call to the 

delay loop save the contents of 

the Y register since it is used in 

the delay. Lines 240 and 250 

erase the asterisk with a space 

and we wait a while longer. 

Finally, lines 290 and 310 take a 

letter from the table and put it 

on the screen. Line 300 checks 

for a zero value in the table. 

This is used to mark the end of 

the table so that the routine 

stops at the end of the message. 

Line 350 increments the 

counter and provided that we 

dont go over a value of 255, 

line 3611 sends us back for the 

next character, 

I realise that I'm spending a 

lot of time explaining how the 

routines work. As we progress. 

I will make briefer comments 

since you should soon be able 

to suss things out for 

yourselves. 

OK, homework time, First, I 

want a routine which will fill 

the entire screen with a 

specified character. I don't 

expect the best solution but 

I've told you enough for a 

crude but effective routine. 

Secondly, I want a routine 

which will more a block of data 

from the top line of the screen 

to, say, the 20th line. A single 

line of data will suffice but you 

can easily move u to 256 bytes. 

This sort of routine is 

frequently used in a range of 

situations. 


Y 

370 REM .FINISH: RTS 

380 REM .TABLE: E13:25,15,21, 

18,32,3,15,13,13,15,4,15,18,5,0 

390 REM DELAY: LDX 998 

400 REM 100P2: LDY 999 

410 REM ,LOOM: DEY 


430 REM DEX 

Finally, how about • a routine 

440 REM BNE LOOP?. 

which will scroll the top line of 

450 REM RTS 

the screen one step to the right 

460 REM I 

with the leftmost character 

replaced with a space? 

Again the delay routine Next month we'll explore 

uses two locations to hold the eight and 16 unsigned 

parameters. This routine arithmetic,

• 

available educational 

software. 

The supply of new educational software 

seems to have dried up, so I decided to 

look around the local shops to see what 

was on offer. The answer seems to be, very 

little. The reasons for this could be 

threefold: 

1. My hometown is poor for shops selling 

software. 

2. The storeowners are very cautious 

about stocking educational software. 

3. There may genuinely be little software. 

I suspect that notwithstanding the 

claims of the value of computers for 

education, the reality is that education is 

poor business. Much more money can be 

made by selling games. The majority of 

games only require good programming 

whilst educational material requires 

detailed teaching knowledge as well as 

programming ability. These rather 

disappointing facts of life were only too 

evident at the last PCW show where a 

number of exhibitors stated that they 

were no longer interested in educational 

software since it had no future. This is all 

rather sad since quite a lot of the 

important pre-school spade work can be 

carried Out with computer assistance with 

the software acting as a type of expert 

system (parents aren't always teachers). 

For the older children, software can be 

used to provide revision material and to 

support conventional didactic methods. 

Whilst rummaging through the shops, 

however, I did see an interesting item. 

Not a new product, this is a triple pack of 

Hill MacGibbon software for a touch less 

than the original price of one. Hill 

MacGibbon is an interesting company in 

that it has produced software for most of 

the popular computers. In some of these 

packages there has been collaboration 

with well known companies such as 

Collins and Pan. 

In light of this, this is a good time to 

take a look at which packages are 

available for the C64. The triple pack 

contains Ballooning, Car Journey and 

Secret Agent. Between them they provide 

quite a comprehensive package, each 

coming with a colour booklet dealing 

with diverse aspects of the topic and ideas 

for further work. 

Ballooning 

The title is self explanatory. The booklet 

deals with the historical aspects of 

mono 

ballooning and then goes on to look at the 

Hindenburg disaster and how a hot air 

balloon works, The ability to read and use 

a map is very important when flying a 

balloon and this topic is also covered. The 

software provides a balloon simulator 

with controls showing your 

s(it's 

a hot air balloon), rate of climb and 

altitude, 

atmospheric temperature. 

f u e l 

Using the 

information given on the instruments, 

you must guide the balloon over varying 

terrain. In this way, ballooning covers 

aspects such as physics, map-reading, 

mathematics and geography. 

Car Journey 

This would appear to be a misnomer since 

the software involves the operation of a 

light haulage business. In it you must run 

the firm and keep it financially viable. This 

is done by judiciously securing contracts 

to move goods from point to point and 

selecting the optimum routes. You get 

bonuses or penalties depending on 

whether to keep to the time limits. 

Naturally, you must attempt to choose 

• contracts which end up at the starting 

points of other contracts. It doesn't pay to 

run an empty truck 1 Different size 

vehicles are available to suit different size 

consignments. 

The accompanying booklet deals with 

aspects of the car, how it works and its 

history. It also covers the history of roads 

and transport and the motorway system. A 

nice touch is an extract from Toad of Toad 

Hall describing Toad's discovery of the 

joys of motoring. The pack covers 

reading, mathematics, geography and 

mechanics. 

Special Agent 

This package puts you in the shoes of a 

budding James Bond searching Europe 

for the dastardly enemy agent who's gaily 

killing off your operatives. The game 

centres around a map of Europe showing 

the major cities. From time to time 

intelligence reports flash up at the foot of 

the screen. Some of these are in code 

presenting additional problems. You 

must act on the received information and 

travel from city to city. You must choose 

your trains and planes from timetables. 

As usual, the booklet covers subjects 

connected with the central theme. You 

are introduced to the elements of 

56 

as 

cryptography, the capital cities of Europe 

and a little information on real life spies is 

given. It covers geography, reading, 

lateral thought and some mathematics. 

Hill MacGibbon also offers a number 

of packages covering more specific 

subjects. Teaching the mechanics of 

reading isn't that much of a problem 

since children generally soon grasp the 

form of words. What is more difficult to 

grasp and contributes most to the 

subtleties of English is punctuation. 

Punctuation Pete is a program intended to 

help in this area. The child is presented 

with a graded piece of text which has had 

all punctuation and capital letters 

removed. The child must read the text and 

attempt to punctuate it so that the 

meaning is clear. When he feels that all is 

finished, the program marks the result 

showing any mistakes. Surprisingly, 

finding the correct punctuation is quite 

tricky. 

Technically, the program is slick with 

large legible text and the use of an 

animated man as the cursor. I highly 

recommend it. 

The last two programs are for the 

younger child. First, there is Picture 

Builder. As the name suggests, this 

program allows the manipulation of basic 

shapes such as squares, circles and 

triangles for the creation of pictures. The 

shapes can be stretched, shrunk, rotated 

and painted to give the required effect. 

Multicolour mode is used to allow up to 

four colours. For those of you with 

printers, there is a hard copy facility — 

nicely done and easy to use. 

Finally, we have Run Rabbit Run. This 

is a simple game played on a matrix of 

squares, rather like a board game. You 

must guide a number of rabbits to their 

homes and away from the hungry fox. The 

game tells you how many squares your 

rabbits may jump on each move. These 

jumps must be distributed between the 

rabbits. There are bushes in which the 

rabbits can hide, if the fox isn't there first. 

The game ends when all rabbits are home 

or have been eaten. 

This game is quite tough and forces the 

child to use a little logic, lateral thought 

and some counting skills. 

The impressive features about Hill 

MacGibbon software are that a high 

standard of programming is used and 

there is a decent level of content. Unlike 

some educational material, there is 

evidence of real teaching input. 

Touchline 

Collins Soft/Hill MacGibbon: 7 Grafton 

St, London WU 31A Tel: 01 493 7070. 

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P Green brings you 

some hints on saying 

time and memory. 

TIME AND MEMORY CAN BE 

wasted when a Basic program 

contains a lot of numerical data 

statements. This article 

suggests ways in which you can 

save both, even on programs 

copied from magazines. 

The Facts and Figures 

If you have a lot of numerical 

data to be stored, there is a 

fairly quick and easy way to 

save time and memory. Save 

the block of memory straight 

on to the disk or tape and get 

the Basic program to load this 

data straight into memory 

instead of POKEing it in. 

Time is saved by this 

method because when you use 

data statements within a 

program, you must first load 

the data in Basic form and then 

run the program to POKE the 

data into memory. This takes 12 

seconds for the first half of the 

operation and six for the 

second half for each 1K of 

memory when using a disk 

drive. Alternatively, to transfer 

the data straight into memory 

from disk takes only five seconds 

for each 1K of memory. Of 

course, the saving is much 

greater- if you are using tape 

since tape loading is a much 

more lengthy process. 

Memory can be saved, both 

in the computer and on the 

disk or tape. In the computer, 

1K of directly entered data, of 

course, takes up just 1K of 

memory. On the disk or tape, it 

takes up just over 1K of storage 

space. On the disk, this is five 

blocks. In the case of Basic data 

statements, besides occupying 

the 1K of memory once the 

program has been run, the 

Basic data also takes up 

memory - just under 3K. Altogether 

this method actually 

uses just under 4K of memory. 

On the disk or tape, it takes up 

well over 3K of storage space - 

that is, 15 blocks on the disk. 

Saving the Data 

So, firstly, how can we save a 

block of memory? And 

secondly, how can we get our 

Basic program to load it again? 

DATA, TIME 

°MEMORY 

This can be done in two 

ways. You can use a machine 

code monitor to save an area of 

memory. To do this you will 

have to get the start address of 

the block of memory that you 

wish to save and then calculate 

the end address and add one. 

Your machine code 

monitor, of course, must not 

occupy the same area as the 

memory which you wish to 

save. 

The procedure should be as 

follows; 

1. Load and run the Basic 

program. or at least the part 

which POKEs the data into 

memory. 

2. New the Basic program and 

load the machine code 

monitor. 

3. On most machine code 

monitors, the instructions to 

save a block of memory is 

something like: 

S "file name",C000,C200,08 

This will save the block of 

memory from $C000 (the start 

address) to SC1U (the end 

address) on a disk drive with 

the device number of 8 or 08 

hex (01 for tape) with a 

filename "SPRITES 

-choose 

the filename although 

. you ( do Y not o uactually 

need one 

for files saved on tape). 

4. You may need to save more 

than one block of data, for 

instance, a block of character 

data at 12288 and a block of 

machine code data at 49152. All 

you need to do for this is to 

repeat instruction three for the 

new block of data, bearing in 

mind that for disks you will 

need a different filename. 

Another and possibly easier 

method is to alter certain 

pointers in the zero page of 

memory so that you fool the 

computer into thinking that the 

block that you wish to save is a 

Basic program. The locations to 

note are 43 to 46 inclusive. 

Locations 43 and 44 are the low 

and high bytes of the start of 

Basic which are normally one 

and eight respectively. 

(256 

Basic 4 area). Locations 45 and 46 

are '8+1 the low and high bytes of 

the start of variables which is 

= 

normally the end of the Basic 

2program 0 Plus one. 

4 9 The procedure is as follows: 

= 1. Calculate the start and end of 

sthe tblock 

of memory which 

a 

you 

r 

wish to save, not forgetting 

to add one to the end. 

t 

2. Calculate the high and low 

obytes 

from these figures in 

f decimal. 

n3. 

Run the Basic program. or 

o 

the section of it that POKEs the 

data into memory. 

r4. 

In direct mode, POKE in 

mthese 

figures into locations 43 

ato 

46. 

l5. 

Save the block of memory by 

typing in SAVE "filename",13.1 

or SAVE "filename",1,1 

6. Repeat this for other blocks 

of memory if necessary. 

58 

The Basic Loader 

Now that you have saved your 

block of memory, how do you 

get your program to load it 

again automatically? There are 

two ways in which you can do 

this. The first is to write a short 

machine code routine to load 

the blocks of memory. The 

second is to add one or more 

lines to the beginning of your 

Basic program. The machine 

code method requires an 

understanding of how the 

KERNAL load routine works 

and would take too long to 

describe here. Instead, I will 

concentrate on describing the 

Basic method. 

It is actually very easy to get 

your Basic program to do the 

loading for you. The most 

important thing to remember is 

that once the first block of 

memory has been loaded, the 

program will start again from 

the beginning and if you do not 

do something to prevent it, the 

same block will be loaded 

again and again. 

The first thing to do is save a 

copy of the full program, data 

statements and all, in case 

sornthing goes wrong, and 

keep it safe. Next, remove the 

data statements and the READ- 

POKE routine and any error 

traps, and save the program 

again. 

The first line of the program 

can be used to load the block of 

memory by using a line such as: 

10 X=X+1 IFX=1THENLOAD 

"filename",8,1 

This filename is the same as 

the one you used to save the 

block of memory. If a tape is 

used, then first change the 

eight to a one, and then, don't 

use a filename. The figure one 

after the eight or one is required 

so that the block of 

memory goes back to whence 

it came. 

If there is more than one 

block of memory to load, 

another line needs to be 

added, as follows: 

20 IF X=2THENLOAD" 2nd 

filename",8,1 etc. 

or, in the case of tape, the first 

line can become: 

10 X=X+1 IFX 3THENLOAD" 

",1,1 

Do not use a filename. This 

will load the first two blocks of 

memory found on the tape. 

The way in which the loader 

works, is as follows: 

1. When the program is run, 

X=0. 

2. Al line 1, X becomes 1 and 

the first load takes place. 

3. After the load, the program 

starts again at line 10 but the 

variable X is still 1. Therefore X 

becomes 2 and since this is not 

equal to 1, the program 

continues to the next line. 

4. This will go on until all the 

blocks of memory have been 

loaded and the rest of the 

program can continue.

FONT 

Evelyn Mills looks at a new 

product from Impex. 

THE FONT FACTORY (FF) IS APTI.N 

named and works hard for you, doing 

overtime at your request! 

Firstly the requirements are a disk 

drive, printer and word processor. The 

printer should, for preference. be the 

Commodore Vic 1525/MPS 801 although 

directions are given for using a printer 

interface emulating the MPS 801 or 803. It 

is claimed that FF will work with most 

word processors with open sequential 

files and I have used Easyscript throughout 

with no problems; however it would 

be worthwhile doing a double-check with 

the distributors before purchase if you 

have another word processor as some do 

not link up. 

Noticeably there is no manual 

supplied with FF; instead the program 

gets to work right away printing out full 

instructions using the directions given. 

The resulting 16 page manual is in two 

parts - one for Font Factory and one for 

Signwriter 64. Both are very well written 

and the full concepts of the programs are 

easily understood - no hidden complaints 

here! 

Before using FF ,create a file document 

with your word processor and save this to 

disk. There is no necessity to use the 

commands of your processor other than 

direct typing mode. However and this is 

most important - your MUST enter • ii fni' 

at the beginning followed by (return). 

Should you wish to use a different font in 

the middle of your document, insert a 

new ' Oln2 header, followed by (return). 

FF has eight in-built fonts with which to 

play around. 

Having saved your file to disk, load FF 

and let it take over. Initially I suggest that 

you use option three to print your 

document (there are plenty of screen 

instructions to help you along), Essentially 

FF will ask you to define your first font by 

selection from a list of eight; this will then 

be processed for you. The second font 

style will then be requested and FF gets 

back to work. When you have defined the 

number of fonts in your document, a 

simple (return) will exit you to the next 

option. If you select the parameters given 

on the screen (a good idea initially) insert 

your document when told to do so and FF 

will print your letter in the fonts selected. 

very simple indeed and very effective. 

There are eight in built fonts including 

Micro, Bold. Roman, Gothic and, most 

important of all, the Descender. The latter 

gives you 'true type face' of a high quality 

as its name implies. 

FF is full of options using normal or 

double width letters and has a very 

comprehensive list of embedded 

commands for centering, setting line 

width, left and right margins, optional 

page numbering and line spacing. All 

these commands are speedily screen 

controlled, Fonts may also be changed 

within your document (did I say 

versatile?). 

More to come. You may define your 

own fonts, if desired, or edit existing ones. 

The whole process is extremely easy to 

use and 15 fonts may then be accessed at 

any one time within your document, 

including the in built fonts. Instructions 

are clear, concise and readily handled. 

In effect you can create an entire 

character set or change characters from 

an existing set; if you do not like the A in 

Gothic font then change it! If you want to 

design the Greek alphabet - do it! 

FF also has a signi.vriter program which 

may be loaded independently. Here again 

instructions are readily handled, when 

complemented with the manual. This 

functions independently of a word 

processor. character widths are Normal. 

Skinny or Double width and the output 

has two options; one selects print 

according to the printing characters in 

your slogan while the other selects solid 

line printing (note - the word cat in 

normal width prints a banner around two 

feet long!) F5 will stop the printer if you 

have been too enthusiastic. 

As in FF, fonts may be changed and 

stored on disk. There is one Standard fon 

,in signwriter. 

I see no problems in this program. 

consider it excellent value for money and 

doubt if you will be disappointed with its 

performance. 

A really professional tool, agreeahly 

prices and certainly "user friendly" 

59 

Review

1111=1111Eskil 

11 

11 

1 

0 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

11 

to add to 

This month we are pleased to 

print three short utility 

programs. The First of these 

comes from Steven Freeman 

from Orpington and is a list 

utility. 

How often have you tried to 

list a program on the screen of 

your C64 only to have the line 

that you want scroll off the top 

of the screen before you can 

read it? OK so you can slow this 

listing down with the CTRL key 

but the program still scrolls. 

Steven's handy routine alters 

the speed of the LIST command 

by changing the list vectors so 

that it jumps to a short machine 

code routine in spare memory 

(locations 679 to 702). Line 30 of 

the Basic loader contains the 

POKE that alters the speed of 

the list, you can change this if 

required. The other controls 

are: 

CI To pause the listing 

13 To slow down the listing 

For all of those people who 

have stored machine code 

prOgrams on tape only to 

forget where they load in 

memory, Mr K Peppin from 

Little Neston has provided an 

extremely handy Tape Header 

Reader program. The routine is 

very handy for locating a 

machine code program and 

giving its length. 

This routine is reliant on a 

machine code call to the Kemal 

ROM which searches for any 

header to a program. The 

information is then stored in 

PROGRAM: CATALOG 

5 REM PROGRAM FOR THE PLUS/4 

10 SO 

115 

PRINTSI 

(CL 20 PRINT:READX:FORI=1TOX:READAS:PRINT" "AS:NEXTI 

R) 25 PRINT"(DOWN1WHICH PROGRAM ?":PRINMDOWN)ENTER THE PROGRAM NUMBER":INPUTA 

(RV 30 IFA(IORAnTHEN25 

S)1 35 POKE0,7 

RED 40 PRINTCW(DOWNHDOWN)PRESS THE FAST FORWARD BUTTON":PRINT"(DOWN)THEN PRESS ANY KEY' 

) 45 POKE239,0 

$ 

50 IFPEEK(239)=0THEN50 

t 

55 IFPEEK(64784).255T4EN40 

i 

60 PRINT(DOWN)PLEASE WAIT FOR PROGRAM TO BE FOUND" 

M 

65 POKE0,151TIS= 

A 

170 

IFTI/60(8THEN70 

S 

000000:8(A-1)10 

75 POKE0,7 

80 PRINT"(CLR)":PRINISS:PRINT"(DOWN)lDONWRESS THE STOP BUTTON ON THE CASSETTE' 

T 

85 1/0L6:SOUND1,850,20:FORT=1T090:NEXTT:SOUND1,800,20 

E 

90 IF PEEK(64784)E2551HEN100 

R 

95 GOTO 90 

T100 

PRINTSS:PUNT"(DOWN)YOU ARE NOW READY TO 1 

A:PRINP1DOWN)LOAD/ 

105 RESTORE:FORI=1T001:NEXTT:READAS:NEXT 

PSAYE 

110 PRINTAIpPOKE0,15 

E 115 POKE239,0 

P120 

DATA 10:REM NUMBER OF PROGRAMS 

R125 

DATA"PROGRAM 1 

O130 


G135 

DATA"PROGRAM 

R140 

DATAIROGRAM 4 

A145 

DATA 

M 1150 


CPROGR 

155 DATA 

AAM 

1160 

DATA"PROBRAM 8 

T5 

PROGR 165 DATA"PROGRAM 9 

AAM 

170 DATA"PROGIRAM 10 

L7 

O 

G 

60 

U 

E 

1

the cassette buffer, address 

828-1019, where it can be easily 

used 

The fi nal routine in this 

monthrs Scratchpad is a very 

handy cassette tape catalogue 

system from N V Newen from 

Oxford_ The object of the 

program is to allow easy access 

to either programs or 

subroutines stored on a master 

cassette. 

The program as it stands will 

store 10 sections of approx 8K 

in length on a C60 cassette but 

this could quite easily be 

changed to suit individual 

requirements. if you use the C- 

16/Plus/4 fast tape routine 

from our Feb '86 issue about 10 

programs of 25K can be saved. 

The data can be altered to suit 

the names of your programs. 

Don't forget to put the 

program number at the start of 

each line as it is this that you 

will have to press to access that 

file. 

IPROGRAM: LIST 

10 REM 'SLOW LIST'ESPMSTEVEN FREMAN 1986 

20 REM EF1] . PAUSE : EF3] . SLOW DOWN. 

30 POKE 251,248 : REM SPED OF LIST 

40 

NEXT 

FOR 

CODE 

CODE=0 TO 2:READ MC:CS.CS+MC:POKE 679+CODE,mC: 

45 IF C903262 THEN PRINNATA ERROW:END 

50 POKE 774,167:POKE 775,2 

60 DATA 72,165,197,201,4 

70 DATA 208,8,165,251,133,162,165,162 

180 

DATA 48,252 

240,250,201,1 

1!PROGRAM: 

TAPE HEADER[ 

104,76,26 20 

10 PRINT'ECLEAR]":POKE 

SOSUB 270 

53280,0:POKE 53281,0 

,167 30 PRINTIDOWN6,RISHTEINSERT TAPE AND PRES A KEY.' 

COMMODORE 64 

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59 THE MARLES, EXMOUTH, 

DEVON EX8 4NE 

40 SET Alt IF AS."THEN 40 

50 PRINT 

60 SYS 63276 

. 70 PRINT"(CLEARr 

80 SOSUB 270 

ICLEAR 90 POKE 646,141PRINPEDOWN2,RISHT1PROGRAM NAME:"; 

10 POKE 646,2:FOR A.833 TO 848 

P 

120 

10 PRINT 

PRINT 

CHRUPEEK(A)0NEXT 

130 1.(PEEK(830)$2561+PEEK:829) 

140 Y.(PEEK(832)1256)+PEEK(831) 

150 POKE 646,141PRINT"CDOWN2,RIGHUSTART ADDRESS:': 

160 POKE 646,2:PRINT X 

170 POKE 646,14:PRINT'IDOWN2,RISHT1END ADDRESS:"; 

180 POKE 646,2:PRINT 

190 POKE 646,14:PRINP[DOWN2,RI6HTHEN6TH:"; 

20 POKE 646,2:PRINT Y-X;:POKE 646,14:PRINTIYTES." 

210 PRINTIDOWN2,RISHUTYPEI'l:POKE 646,2 

20 IF PEEK:8281=1 THEN PRINT 

230 IF PEEK:828)=3 THEN PRINT "[RIGHT]MACHINE CODE" 

6240 

POKE 646,14:PRINT"[DOWN2,RISHT12]PRESS ANY KEY' 

250 SET AS:IF AS.'"THEN 250 

260 tRIEHTHASICI 

SOTO 10 

270 PRINP(RIGHT10)TAPE HEADER READER' 

280 PRINT'EDOWN,RIGHTIMY° 

290 

30 

PRINT"IDOWN,RIEHT13K.PEPPIN 

RETURN 

1985' 

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ADFORD m D4 BOY (027410384290 

Trpt7pGle 

7 

C 

E 

S 

I 

N

iparyl Bowers shows 1 

you how to kill the 

WELCOME BACK TO THE 

saga of the Frog. This month we 

will be adding the routine 

which controls the status panel 

at the bottom of the screen, 

and the routine which kills the 

Frog. Although the latter will 

not function until the checking 

routines are added in the next 

issue. 

Info 

The routine begins by printing 

the value of LIVES on to the 

status panel. ONLY indicates 

whether the frog is dead or 

alive and if dead (ONLY = 1) 

then we exit from the routine. 

The next four instructions 

print the values in FOOD and 

FOOD+1 and the following 

seven use the X register as an 

index to point to the five digits 

of MURES and SCORE and to 

place them correctly on the 

screen. 

One of the features of the 

game is that it becomes more 

difficult as you progress, and 

this is achieved by increasing 

the speed of the BIRD and the 

FLY. Their speed is increased by 

a small amount every time 

another 100 points is scored. 

The next two lines store the 

current digit in the 100 column 

of the score into NXTHLJN. The 

code which carries out the 

increase in speed appears later 

i n the routine. 

Lines 10010 to 10100 

decrease the two byte delay 

METDEL and METDEL2 to 

check whether another metre 

has passed. If not then we jump 

to FOD, which simply returns 

from the routine. 

The next eight lines use the 

X register as an index to 

int rease the METRES value. If 

the digit being increased 

reaches nine-plus-one in 

value, (i.e. 10), then that digit is 

set to zero, and the next 

highest digit is increased. 

Mt ISPD contains the value 

which is placed hack into 

1430 TABMOV MORD MOVE I , MOVE 4, 11OVE1, MOVE5, MOVE6, MOVE2 

1520 JSR PLAYER 10210 

10220 OK23 

10230 

1 

1560 JSR INFO 10240 LDA METSPD 

10250 STA METDEL2 

9790 

10260 

10270 

1 

DEC FOOD+1 

9800 

9810 INFO 

1 10280 

10290 

LDA FOOD+1 

CMP 1 

9820 

9830 

9840 

1 10300 

10310 

10320 

1LINE 

SUR 

0'- LDA 1 

STA 1 F000+1 

9850 LOA LIVES 10330 9' DEC FOOD 

9860 

9870 

9880 

9890 

9900 NOTONLY 

9910 

STA $0769 

LDA ONLY 

BE O NOTONLY 

RTS 

10340 

10350 

10360 

10370 

10380 

10390 

LDA FOOD 

CMP l'0'-1 

BNE SCOR 

LDA tl 

STA DED 

9920 

9930 

9940 

LDA FOOD 

STA $0789 

LDA F0004.1 

10400 

10410 SCOR 

10420 

1 

9950 

9960 

9970 

9980 100P23 

9990 

10000 

10010 

10020 

STA $078A 

1 

LOX 14 

LDA METERS, X 

STA $07560 

LDA SCDRE,X 

STA $07A6 

DEX 1 

10430 

10440 LOOP25 

10450 

10460 

10470 

10480 

10490 

10500 

LOX 14 

INC SCORE,X 

LDA SCORE,X 

CMP $ 

1BNE 

0K24 

9LDA 

4 

13 

STA SCORE,X 

DEX 4.1 0' 

10030 BPL X L00P23 10510 8PL LOOP25 

10040 10520 RTS 

10050 LDA SCORE+2 10530 

10060 STA NXTHUN 10540 OK24 

10070 DEC KETDEL 10550 LDA SCORE+2 

10080 BNE FOD 10560 CMP NXTHUN 

10090 DEC METDEL2 10570 RE NOINC 

10100 BNE FOD 10580 DEC FLYSPD 

10110 LOX 14 10590 DEC BRDSPD 

10120 LOOP24 INC METERS,X 10600 NOINC 

10130 LDA METERS,X 10610 LDY 111 

10140 CMP $'9'+1 10620 LDA BRDSPD 

10150 BNE 0K23 10630 BNE 0K33 

10160 LDA $'0' 10640 STY BRDSPD 

10170 STA METERS,X 10650 OK33 

10180 DEX 10660 LDA FLYSPD 

10190 BPL L00P24 10670 BNE OK34 

10200 RTS Joao STY FLYSPD

10690 OK34 11280 LOP •'9 

10700 FOP 

10710 

10720 

10730 

10740 

10750 

10760 DEAD 

10770 1 

11290 

11300 

11310 

11320 

11330 

11340 

11350 

11360 

SIP 1 FOOD 

SIP FOOD+1 

LOP 10 

SIP DED 

LDA 11$FF 

SIP FLYXL0 

SIP BRDXLO 

LDA *I 

10780 

10790 

10800 

10810 

101320 0EADED 

10830 

101340 

10850 

LOP DED 

BNE DEADED 

RTS 

LDX 1217 

STX $07F9 

1NX 

SIX 107F8 

11370 

11380 

11390 

11400 L00P32 

11410 

11420 

11430 

11440 

SIP FLYXHI 

SIP BRDXHI 

LOX t3 

LDA FRENCH2, X 

SIP FRENCH,X 

DEX 

BPL L00P32 

10860 LDY STASE 11450 

10870 LOA JUMPTYPE 11460 RTS 

10880 BNE 9I13 11470 

101390 

10900 BACK 

10910 

LOP XTAB1,Y 

SEC 

SBC 148 

11480 

11490 

11500 

1 

1 

10920 SIP 10002 11510 

10930 

10940 BM 

10950 

10960 

JPIP YPOS 

LDA ITABIB,Y 

09 BACK 

11520 

11530 

11540 

11550 WAIT2 

10970 YPOS 

10980 

10990 

11000 

11010 

11020 

11030 

11040 

11050 

11060 

11070 

11080 

11090 

11100 

11110 

11120 

11130 

11140 

11150 

11160 

11170 

11180 

11190 

11200 

11210 

11220 

11230 

11240 

LDA 0158 

SIP $0001 

SIP 10003 

LOP #13 

SIP $0020 

SIP $0021 

; 

; 

1 

SEI 

LDA IFININT&235 

SIP $0314 

LDA 11FININT/256 

SIP $0315 

DEC LIVES 

JSR WAIT2 

LOP 01 

SIP ONLY 

JSR INFO 

LOP 10 

SIP ONLY 

JSR WAIT3 

LOP LIVES 

CHP #'0' 

BEO FINAL 

LOP SHANDLE11255 

11560 

11570 L00P29 

11580 

11590 

11600 

11610 

11620 

11630 WAIT3 

11640 

11650 LOOP30 

11660 

11670 

11680 

11690 

11700 

11710 BIGSY 

11720 

11730 

11740 LOOP28 

11750 

11760 

11770 

11780 

11790 NOTDEAD 

11800 FINAL 

11820 

11830 

LDA 15 

JSR 11156Y 

SEC 

SBC 11 

BNE L00P29 

RIB 

LDA #10 

JSR BIER 

SEC 

SBC 11 

BNE LOOP30 

RTS 

LOX ilIFF 

LDY t$FF 

DEY 

ENE L00P28 

DEX 

BNE 100P28 

RTS 

JSR WAIT3 

1 

JSR INIT 

RTS 

11250 

11260 

11270 

SIP $0314 

LDA tHANDLE/256 

SIP $0315 

11840 

11850 FINISH 

11860 

1 

.END 

63 

METDEL2, so by changing this 

value (line 1360) you can adfust 

the distance that must be 

travelled before the value of 

METRES is increased. 

The same principle used for 

increasing the metres is used 

next to decrease FOOD and 

increase SCORE, 

Which brings us to 0K24, If 

the value of NXTHLIN is 

different to the current value of 

SCORE+2, then it is time to 

decrease the delays which 

control the speeds of the BIRD 

and FLY, BRDSPD and FLSPD. 

Finally they are checked to 

ensure that their values have 

not decreased too far. 

Dead 

This routine prints the dead 

frog and decreases the value of 

LIVES. 

I he first step is to check 

whether the variable DED has 

been set by the collision 

routines which we will add next 

issue. 

Lines 10820 to 10850 set up 

the sprite definitions to point 

to the correct sprites for a dead 

frog. 10860 to 11010 simply ;et 

up the correct X and Y coordinates 

of the frog he would 

look pretty silly hovering in 

mid air!). Next the colours are 

set up in lines 11020 to 11040. 

Now the interesting bit! 

Remember the interrupt 

handling routine, 'HANDLE' 

that we added in the second 

article? Well, unless we stop 

this from being called, the dead 

frog will continue moving 

(actually the background 

would move, not the frog), 

To stop this from happening, 

we point the interrupt 

vector at $0314 and $0315 to the 

end of the routine, thus 

executing no code. 

The rest of this section is 

simple to follow, and does this: 

Decrease Lives, pause, reprint 

status panel, pause, set up 

interrupts, refill FOOD. re-set 

Bird and Fly positions, re-set 

Cycle position, 

The last pieces of code from 

line 11500 onwards, are simply 

delay loops used by the 

previous routine, 

Next issue - collisions!

INEMEMENEIREIREENEEMENEENEEMENEMEMEEMENNEEMEMEEN E N E M E N • 

....••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••0••••••••••• 

11 

•NEE M O W , 

E• •E• I • •••EN' R E N E I ' E F Ago. I • • INE' V W mob III - 

o. MEE 

A I r M 

E 

E 

M 

E 

U A 1111 1 1 1 MENE• E N I•F A IM' ••ME• — 

1•EN• 1 1 1U1 •1 E 1 , 1 A, 'MI k I RE 11 E N INF A. 11 E l • ____11111E• 

lNEON mm•N m I I I N. I I M Y II 111, IE I l k MN' I IlmENEE 

NENE I mom II 1116 E L I L A l atom lb. . 11 • E E 

•EMEEMBEIBINMEoubmillEmillEimmillodEbiniEdEb•MENIEEMEnumEnNommEllEN 

• NEMENEMENEENE•ENEEMEMEME•E•ENEEMENE•••1111MEMEENEENEEMENEMEN 

11 1 1 

This month David Janda 

1 1 1 

F begins a look at C — a very 

I E 

LE 

M 

vPlanguage. 

• 

' 

e 

9 

r1 

1 

sC 

1 IS AN APPLICATIONS LANGUAGE. 

That 

aN 

is, it's used by programmers to write a 

variety 

E 

of programs such as text editors, 

tprogramming 

utilities and such like. It is 

also N the 'flavour of the day' in the micro 

iworld. 

E Partly because of the popularity of 

lthe 

UNIX operating system (of which C is 

the language) and partly because of other 

e features such as its compactness, portability 

and speed of execution. 

p The good thing about C is that it is a 

rlanguage 

for programmers. Many 

programming languages get designed by 

ocommittee, 

but not C. C has gained its 

gpopularity 

not because of any hype or 

backing from a government (as the USA 

rhas 

backed ADA), but because programmers 

LIKE C. 

a So what is C, what can you do with it, 

and m how good is it? 

mWhy 

C? 

i 

C has many virtues. It is a modern 

nlanguage 

which incorporates modern 

control g features. It is also a compact 

language; C can be installed on small 

micros - such as the 64 - and the code that 

it produces is compact and fast. Another 

benefit of C is that it is portable. We have 

all heard claim that this or that language is 

portable, only to discover that a major rewrite 

is necessary before a program can 

be run on a different system. But with C it 

really is portable between different 

computers. If any changes to the source 

code are necessary, it usually means 

altering a few lines in a 'header* file which 

can accompany the main program. 

For those of you who are interested in 

the 'real' world of programming, it is 

worth noting that C is the programming 

language of the UNIX operating system. 

UNIX is already an accepted operating 

system in the PC world, and the EEC have 

• E N 

• N 

E 

N 

E•EN••• 

•E•NE 

• • 

• 

E, 

M EI RNE EINNEN. I 

E l l i •EL IME•IMIET ,,,A, 111E 

MENEM M • MIEN, A 1•1 - 

• 

N1 w• MENEM 

• 

•1 

1 1MEMO' 1 a INI - . ' f f 

• 

•1 A-EINE• -• 

1 E mE o No 

, M I ImMI IR-...11‘ w AUN 

MENNEN EM 

E • I• F • a • t 11 AMEMEEMb. a l l I N 

M 

• E 1•ENEMENENNEINEIN•MEEMiinEENEENEEENE•millEEN I1 

r 1 M E E M E N 

E 

• 

I' • 

•ENEMENEEMEN•ENEMENEENE•••NNEENEORIEE•E 

I 

E E 

M 

I n E I • • 

N 

IEI E 

E 

submitted E 

I 

M to the compiler, which, C Power V2.4 by Pro 

providing E 

N 

N their are no errors, will compile 

the 

• 

E program into machine code and store - 

Software Ltd 

it 

E 

M 

E 

as a file which is called the object code. Line 

The I steps in developing a C program To the best of my knowledge., thec power 

are N 

M a Ebit 

more complex than what was package is the only C compiler available 

mentioned E 

M above, but it should give you a in the UK so far. By the time you read this a 

rough 

E 

N idea. 

cheaper package called Super C should 

be available from First Software. The 

C M 

EBASICS 

E 

reason for this longer-than-normal 

E 

M 

review is to give you an idea of what the 

E • 

E 

package offers and is capable of, as it is not 

Here is a small C program: 

the cheapest available! 

1) N# 

include

1 

has got a very compatible package with C 

Power, but of course, there are some 

differences. 

In brief, the omissions from standard C 

are: no bit fi eld manipulation; static 

pointers may not be initialised except for 

character points initialised with strings; 

certain operators under certain conditions 

will not work unless the expressions 

are parenthesised. Most of these 

omissions are not serious, and can be got 

round quite easily. 

The following table lists the size, in 

bytes of all data types supported by the 

compiler: 

Type S i z e 

char 1 

short 2 

int 2 

long 2 

unsigned 2 

float 5 

double 5 

pointer 2 

Looking at the table, you can see that 

types short, int and long are the same, as 

are float and double. This practice is not 

uncommon in micro implementations of 

C. but is a strange one. For a package of 

this price I would have expected to see 

long and double supported. 

The library supplied with the C Power 

compiler is quite standard. However, it 

would have been a good idea to include 

functions dependent on the 64, such as 

some sound and graphics functions. 

Documentation 

The user manual is supplied as sheets of 

paper which is stapled near the top. 

Punch holes enable the manual to be 

fitted into a ring binder, which is a good 

suggestion as my copy started to fall to bits 

after a short while. The manual itself 

makes no attempt to teach or introduce 

the user to C - that's left to the tutorial 

book. Instead the manual provides 

information on the implementation of C 

Power and descriptions of the editor, 

compiler, linker and so on. One section 

lists the functions provided with the 

library that is part of the package. The 

majority of functions are listed with name, 

number, order and types the function 

takes, description of the function and an 

example. A good idea this, as it will enable 

the user who wishes to port C source 

from another machine, to check up on 

functions to see if they are compatible. 

The book 'C Primer Plus' by Waite, 

Praia & Martin (Sams, $19.95, ISBN 0-672- 

22090-3) is supplied with the C Power 

package. Quite simply it is the best 

language tutorial book I have ever read! 

This hefty tome (531 pages) takes the 

reader from the concept of programming 

right up to detailed discussion on C I/O. 

What's more, it is well written in a friendly 

(and amusing) manner with plenty of illustrations, 

summary pages and so on. Even 

if you don't intend to get the C Power 

package get this book! 

C Power in Use 

TABLE 1 — COMMANDS SUPPORTED BY THE SHELL 

list work disk directory 

Is l i s t system disk directory 

rm scratch file from work disk 

my rename file on work disk 

pr l i s t contents of a file on work disk 

disk send command string to work disk 

The user manual suggests that the system 

disk should be backed up. To do this, the 

shell, editor, syntax checker, linker and so 

on should be copied on to one disk. 

Another disk should be used to copy the 

flip side of the system disk; this contains 

the Stdlib.1 and Syslib.1 function libraries. 

load load, but not run, command from work or system disk 

work show or set device and drive numbers 

sys a s above but for system disk 

ed l o a d and run editor 

ced load and run syntax checker 

cc compile C source 

link r u n linker 

NOTE: All the commands are followed by 

arguments such as fi le names, drive or 

device numbers. 

65 

Programming 

The compiler itself is copy protected (not 

very well though) so once working copies 

are made, three disks should be at hand: 

One containing the shell etc; another the 

libraries; and the third being the master 

disk. 

The SHELL is the first program that is 

run when using C Power. SHELL itself is a 

mini-command interpreter. It supports 

command line arguments and I/O redirection 

along with the compiler and 

other programs that are designed to work 

under it. The nearest comparison would 

be Basic's screen editor, which can be 

used to develop, edit and run programs as 

well as issue I/O commands (such as disk 

directory, opening fi les etc). The 

command available from the Shell are 

listed in Table 1. 

Entering some C source code first 

requires the editor to be loaded and run. 

This is simple done by entering 'ed' 

(optionally followed by a file name if an 

existing file is to be amended). The editor 

is a very comprehensive bit of code that 

provides numerous commands for 

moving about the text buffer. Once the 

code is written it can then be saved to 

disk. A syntax checker is also provided 

which does what its name suggests - 

checks the syntax of a C source file. The 

program is listed as it is being checked, 

and will stop if an error in syntax is found. 

If this is the case, a couple of key presses 

and you are back into the editor at the 

place where the error was found. Needless 

to say that the editor, syntax checker 

and all the other Shell commands are 

written in C! 

The next stage is to invoke the compiler 

by entering cc filename. This loads 

and runs the compiler which produces an 

object code file. 

The first stage is to load and run the 

linker. This will produce a runable file and 

three options are available. First it is 

possible to produce a C program that will 

run under the Shell (just like the Shell 

commands). It is also possible to specify a 

starting address, this means that the C 

program will have to be loaded and a SYS 

call made to the starting address. The third 

option is to produce a file that starts at the 

start of Basic. 

Summary 

Without a doubt C Power is a very powerful 

package. It is quite feasible that it can 

be used to develop commercial 

programs, and its numerous features give 

the user a great deal of flexibility. 

The only drawback with C Power is its 

price. It's a very expensive package, and I 

would have expected such things as more 

C64 dependent functions, long integers 

and double precision floating point. 

Having said that, its pros far outweigh 

the cons, and I would recommend the C 

Power package to the novice as well as the 

professional.

William Fong adds a 

little more power to 

your MN 

Simply type it in as you 

would any other program and 

SAVE it. When you RUN it, any 

typing errors in the data will be 

found and the line of the error 

given. Correct any offending 

lines and run again until the 

program runs without any 

errors. Do not attempt to use 

the program before 411 errors 

have been found or you could 

cause your machine to crash. 

Once the program is in 

memory you can get rid of the 

loader by typing NEW, Then 

type SYS 49152 to initialise 

better matrix. A 3D title/menu 

page should be displayed 

showing you the simple 

controls that are needed to use 

the program. 

Trying It Out 

When everything is working 

type in the short program in 

Figure 2. Now press function 

key 3, which will give a blue 

border, and RUN the program. 

Not very nice is it? 

Now press function key 1, 

which will give a cyan border, 

and RUN the program again. 

This time the letters will have 

descenders. 

Better matrix should therefore 

give a better appearance 

to many of your printouts. 

However, as each wordprocessor 

is different it is 

impossible to say whether it 

will work with them loaded 

into your machine. At the 

moment better matrix sits at 

memory location $C000 (49152) 

so it will definitely not work 

with progrms that use this area 

of memory. 

THE COMMODORE MPS 801 

is an extremely popular printer 

because of its cheap price. If 

you are only after the 

occasional computer listing 

then it is quite adequate. A 

problem arises however if you 

wish to use the MPS 801 to 

produce quality text output as 

none of the lower case letters 

have descenders. This means 

that a letter '1' would simply sit 

on the same line as a letter 'a'. 

This makes it very difficult to 

read large amounts of text. 

If you want to enter the 

wonderul world of word- 

BETTER 

MATRIX 

processing and are thinking of 

trading in your MPS 801 and 

purchasing a more expensive 

printer then wan a minute. 

Before you take any money out 

of your depleted bank account 

take a look at Better Matrix. 

So how does it help? Well 

Better Matrix uses a similar 

method of printing as the more 

expensive near letter quality 

(NLQ) printers. First one part of 

the letter is printed then the 

printer goes back over the 

letter and adds the missing 

parts of the letter to the page. 

By implementing this on the 

MPS 801 we can obtain an 

acceptable print resolution of 

14 dots by 16 dots. Obviously 

this does not improve the 

definition of the character, as 

proper NLQ does, but it does 

allow you to print characters 

with descenders. Take a look at 

Figure 1 which shows the 

normal printout of the MPS 801 

compared to that of the newer 

matrix. 

However, printing in this 

manner does have a disadvantage. 

As the printer has to go 

over each line of text more 

than once it takes a tot longer 

to print out any text, this is not 

only common to the MPS 801 

but all NLQ printer suffer in the 

same way. On the MPS 801 the 

speed is reduced from SO 

characters per second to 20 

characters per second. 

Getting It In 

Better matrix is quite short and 

the program is all in machin 

code but is presented here in 

the form of a Basic loader. 

PROGRAM; BETTER MATRIX 

2000 FOR L=0 TO 98:CX=0 

FOR D=0 TO 15:READ A 

:CX=CX+A:POKE 49152414164, 

A:NEXT D 

2010 READ A:1F AOCX THEN PR! 

NT 

120401.(LIIMSTOP 

2020 ENEXT 

L:60T0 4000 

2040 RDATA 

120,169,192,141,21, 

R3,169,73,141,21,3,88,169,6, 

O141,33,1489 

2050 R DATA 208,141,32,208,162, 

I 

0,189,246,194,32,210,255, 

232,224,255,208,2796 

N 

2060 DATA 245,162,0,189,245, 

L 

195,32,211,255,232,224,255, 

I 

208,245,162,0,2859 

2070 

N 

DATA 189,244,196,32,210, 

E 

255,232,224,255,208,245, 

' 

162,0,189,243,197,3081 

208e : DATA 32,210,255,232,224, 

43,208,245,96,165,203,201, 

4,208,18,169,2513 

2090 DATA 119,141,38,3,169, 

192,141,39,3,169,3,141.32, 

208,76,49,1523 

2100 DATA 234,201,5,208,15, 

169,202,141,38,3,169,241, 

141,39,3,169,1978 

2110 DATA 6,141,32,208,76,49, 

234,72,165,154,201,3,240,5, 

144,3,1733 

2120 DATA 76,135,192,104,76, 

202,241,104,141,100,194,72, 

138,72,152,72,2071 

2130 DATA 173,100,194,201,80, 

208,3,76,6,191,201,81.206, 

3,76,12,1835 

2140 DATA 193,201,71,208,3,76, 

58,193,201,74,208,3,76,84, 

193,201,2043 

2150 DATA 89,208,3,76,110,193, 

201,70,206,3,76,136,173, 

201,13,208,1988 

2160 DATA 3,76,36,194,201,65, 

208,3,76,162,193,201,67, 

206,3,76,1772 

2170 DATA 188,193,201,69,208, 

3,76,214,193,201,82,208,3, 

76,240,193,2348 

21130 DATA 201,87,208,3,76,10, 

194,201,32,144,19,201,145, 

240,15,201,1977 

2190 DATA 146,240,11,174,99, 

194,169,32,157,245,194,238, 

99,194,104,168.7.464 

2200 DATA 104,170,104,76,221, 

237,160,7,185,101,194,32, 

221,237,185,109.2343 

2710 DATA 194,174,99,194,157, 

245,194,238,99,194,136,16, 

235,76,93,194,2538 

2220 DATA 160,7,185,117,194, 

32,221,237,185,125,194,174, 

99,194,157,2451,2526 

2230 DATA 194,238,99,194,136, 

16,235,76,93,194,160,7,185, 

133,194,32,2186 

2240 DATA 221,237,185,141,194, 

174,99,194,157,245,194,238, 

99,194,136,16,2724 

2250 DATA 235,76,93,194,160,7, 

185,149,194,32,221,237,185, 

157,194,174,2493 

2260 DATA 99,194,157,245,194,

E, 

5, 

239;79,194,126,16,225,76, 

93,194,160,7,2227 

2270 DATA 195,165,194,32,221, 

237,185,173,194,174,99,194, 

157,245,194,238,2887 

2280 DATA 99,194,136,16,235, 

76,93,194,160,7,185,181, 

194,32,221,237,2260 

2290 DATA 185,199,194,174,99, 

194,157,245,194,239,99.194, 

136,16,235,76,2625 

:700 DATA in,194,10,7,:eE, 

197,194,22,221,227,195,237, 

194,174,99,194,2607 

2310 DATA 157,245,194,238,99, 

194,126,16,225,76,92,194, 

160,7,105,205,2434 

2120 DATA 194,32,221,237,185. 

237,194,174,79,194,157,245, 

194,279,99,194,2894 

::30 DATA 1:6,16,235,76,93, 

194,160,7,185,213,194,32, 

221,237,185,227,2421 

2340 DATA 194,174,99,194,157, 

245,194,238,99,194,136,16, 

235,76,97,194,2538 

:350 DATA 160,7,185,221,194, 

32,221,237,185,237,194,174, 

99,194,157,245,2742 

:10 DATA 194,238,99,194,136, 

16,235,76,93,194,160,7,185, 

229,194,32,2282 

2370 DATA 221,237,195,237,194, 

174,99,194,157,245,194,238. 

99,194,136,16.2820 

2380 DATA 235,76,97.194,169,8, 

22,221,227,169,17,32,221, 

237,169,15,2121 

2390 DATA 32,221,237,173,99, 

194,240,17,206,99,194,162, 

255,222.189,245,2795 

2400 DATA 194,32,221,237,236, 

99,194,208,244,169,8,32, 

221,237,169,13,2514 

2410 DATA 32,221,237,169,15, 

32,221,237,169,0,141,99, 

194,104,168,104,2143 

2420 DATA 170,104,96,0,0,15, 

128,184,196,196,169,252,8, 

15,128,128,1788 

2430 DATA 128,128,128,143,8, 

15,128,132,246,196,196,184, 

8,15,128,132,1917 

2440 DATA 143,128,128,128,8, 

15,128,248,164,196,196,184, 

8,15,128,125,19E2 

2450 DATA 126,136,136,132,8, 

15,128,132,253,128,128,128, 

8,15,128,128,1739 

Cede + MPS 801 

2460 DATA 1:S.126,136,122,5, 72,51: 

195,195,195,195,195,195, 

15,128,252,192,192,188,128. 2660 DATA 

195,195,195,195,175,3120 

8,15,128,135,1928 

22,32,194,144,166,152,166, 2860 DATA 189,144,32,166,152, 

2470 DATA 136,136,122.128,8, 166,166,166,1576 

166,166,13,32,18,166,32, 

15,128,126,196,176,248,192, 2670 DATA 166,166,166,166,166, 166,32,166,32,1672 

8,15,128,128,1970 

13,159,18,194,72.40,67,41, 2870 DATA 166,32,166,32,166, 

24130 DATA 128,128,143,128,8, 32,41,57,1522 

166,144,32,166,32,166,166, 

15,128,192.188,196,196,184, 2680 DATA 56.54,72.158,176, 166,166.166,166.2098 

8,15,128,200,1985 

1 

2880 DATA 166,32,166,166,22, 

2490 DATA 196,196,196,184,8, 9195,195.195,195,195,2621 

166,32,166,166,32,166,166, 

15,128,200,212,212,212,184, 

8,15,128,136,2270 

2500 DATA 132,132,248,132,8, 

15,128,188,192,184,192,198, 

8,15,128,128,2018 

2510 DATA 12E1,128,128,128,8,0, 

147,152,32,18,166,166,166, 

166,166,166,1865 

2520 DATA 166,166,166,166,166, 

166.166,166,166,166,166, 

166,166,166,166,166,2656 

2530 DATA 166,166,166,166,166, 

166,166,166,166,166,166, 

166,166,166,166,13,2503 

2540 DATA 159,18,176,195,195, 

195,195,195,195,195,195, 

195,195,195,195,195,2898 

2550 DATA 195,195,195,195,195, 

195,195,195,195,195,195, 

195,1 

2560 9DATA 

166,166,166,166,166, 

5,174 166,166,166066,13,159,18, 

, 194,32,66,69.2045 

2570 152,1 DATA 84,84,6 

9 66,30 65,94,82,73,98,32,79,78.32, 

,82,32,77, 

27 

7/,',118 

25e0 DATA 8033,45.56,48.49. 

2690 5DATA 

195,195,195,195.1 32,166,152,166,1972 

9 , 195,195,195.195,195,174. 2890 DATA 166,13,32,18,166,32. 

5. 1152,32,32,32,166,253e 

166,166,32,166,166,32,166, 

2700 9DATA 

13.18,159,173.1K, 32,32,32,1417 

5 

195,195,195,195,195,195, 2900 DATA 144,32,166,32,32,32, 

, 

195,195,195,159,194,2665 32,166,32,32,166,166,32,32, 

2 

166,166,1428 

1 

7 

9 

85,67,84,73,79,78.83,32,32, 2910 DATA 32,166,166,32,166, 

1 22,1077 

166,32.166,152,166,166,12, 

5 

0 2720 DATA 32,32,32.22,32.194, 32,18,166,32,1671 

. 

D 152,22,166,166,166,13,22, 2920 DATA 166,166,32,166,166, 

1 

A 144.2,156,:40° 

32,166,32,166,166,166,166. 

9 

T2720 

DATA 32,166,166,166,72, 166,166,166,32,2120 

5 

A 

166.22,166.32,158.194.162, 2930 DATA 166,166,166,166,32, 

1 

3 

167,163,163,163,2125 166,166,32,166,32,166,166, 

2740 1DATA 

162.163.162.163,163, 32,166,166,32,1986 

2 

9 

, 

163,163,163,161,22,32,32, 2948 DATA 166,166,166,13,32, 

532,72.32,32,1691 

18,166,32,166,166,166,166. 

7 

2750 , DATA 194,144:Z2,32,152. 186,32,166,32,1819 

3 

132,:66.1:,32=42,166.72. 

2950 DATA 166,166,166,166,32, 

, 

9166,166,166,1667 

32,32,32,166,166,166,166, 

7 

2760 5DATA 

22,166.72,166,32. 166,32,32,166,1852 

8 

, 158,194,22.70.05,78,67.84, 2960 DATA 166,166,32,32,166, 

. 73.79,78,1426 

166,32,32,32,166,166,13,32, 

82770 

DATA 32,75,69,89.32,9, 18,166,166,1551 

7 32.58,32,79,78,22,194.144, 2970 DATA 166,166,166,166,166, 

, 22,166,1193 

166,166,166,166,166,166, 

32,194,144,166,152.166,166. 82780 

DATA 152,166,166.12.22, 166,166,166,166,166,2656 

166,166,166,1879 

4 152,18,166,22.32,32.166,32, 

2590 DATA 166,166.166,166,12. , 32.32,166,138 

159,18,194,163,163,163,16:, 82798 

9DATA 

32,158,194,32,32,32. 

162,163.162,163,252 2 22,32,32,32,3232.22.32, 

2600 DATA 163,162,163,163,162, , 22,800 

163,163,163.163,163,162, 2800 DATA 32,32,32,32,32,32, 

2990 DATA 166,166,166,166,166, 

166,166,166,166,166,166, 

166,166,166,166,166,2656 

2990 DATA 166,166,166,13,32, 

18,166,166,166,166,166,166, 

166,166,166,166,2221 

162,162,163,163,163,2608 32,32,194,144,32,32,152,32. 3000 DATA 166,166,166,166,166, 

2610 DATA 163,167.194,144,166. 166,13,1021 

166,166,166,166,166,166, 

152,166,166,166,166,166, 28:0 DATA 32,152,18,166,166, 166,166,166,166,166,2656 

166,166,166,166,13,2489 166,166.166,166,166,166. 3010 DATA 166,166,166,166,166, 

2620 DATA 159,18,194,32037,92, 166,166,158,194.32,2246 166,166,166,166,166,166,17, 

73,84.84,69,78,32,66,89,22, 

22,1211 

2820 DATA 70,85,78,67,84,72. 

79,79,32,75,69,99,32,51,32, 

17.158,13,0,2031 

3020 DATA 253,254,253,254,253, 

2630 DATA 87,73,76,76.73,65, 58,10E2 

254,253,254,253,254,253, 

77,32,70,7 

9144.166,1392 

2640 , DATA 152,166,166,166.166, 

78,71,32,1 

166,166,166.166.166.17.159, 

94, 19,194,32,32,20 

2650 9DATA 

32,72,32.32,22,32, 

2830 DATA 37. 

7 166,166,42,166.166,13,32, 

9,70,70. 152,18,166,1786 

194,144, 

2840 DATA 32.32,32,166,32.32, 

32,166.32,158,173.195,195, 

195,195,195,1862 

254,252,254,253,254,4056 

4000 PRINT 'ECLEAR,00WN3, 

RI6HT61BETTER NATRIX NOW 

IN NE1ORY" 

4010 PRINT "EDOWN2,SPC61TYPE 

SYS 49152 TO ACTIVATE." 

422,32,32,32,72.32,22.32,72, 

2850 DATA 195,195,195,195.195. 

• 

67

COMMUNICATION 

you've never heard of 

tr= 

bu [want to know how to get on I 

ile [one — read on. David Janda 1 

tin 

!shows you how.1 

b 

o 

a 

rI 

HAVE BEEN ACCUSED OF DOMINATing 

Communication Corner with 

dM'Net/CNET 

blurb. Well, as promised, 

here is ta refreshing) change. This month 

s 

the subject is bulletin boards. 

o A bulletin board (BB from now on) can 

best be compared to a community bulle- 

r tin board. A BB is usually run by a hobbiest 

yin 

his/her own spare time on a home 

micro with disk drive and auto-answer 

omodem. 

A BB will allow one user at a time 

to browse through the files stored on the 

u board. These can include messages from 

j other users, general information, specialists 

info, you name it you can put in on a 

u 

s 

t 

I3B. 

Compared to Micronet or Cornpunet 

I.1 knew I would mention them 

sometime!) BBs are not technically brilliant, 

but they are by no means crude. 

One of the best things about using What's There? 

different BB's (board-walking) is that they 

are not bureaucratic, official or run by 

money makers - and that makes a 

difference! 

What Type? 

The UK currently has over 200 BBs that 

operate at regular times, and the number 

is growing. There are basically two types 

of BB from which to choose. First there is 

the traditional scrolling type of BB. To 

access this, you will need terminal 

emulation (often referred to as dumb 

1 

terminal) software. Most comms packs 

include this type of facility. In case you are 

a Viewdata (Prestel) user who does not 

have this type of package, Dialsoft on 

page 600617160a at 0,50 should get you 

going. Compunet users can purchase TTY 

which is at 114007 for £4.99. 

This type of software does not give you 

any colour or graphics, but enables you to 

log on to most types of BB. 

The second type of BB operates on 

Viewdata (Prestel-like) standards. This 

type of board presents information with 

colour and low-res graphics in a page 

format. Micronet-Prestel subscribers will 

not need to buy any additional software, 

but Compunet subscribers will need the 

free Viewdata proggy at 2020. Again, as 

with the dumb terminal software, most 

comms software has a Viewdata mode. 

Which Modem? 

Most of the BBs are run at 300 baud. This 

means that you'll need a modem such as 

the Voyager 7, Nightingale or Multi 

modem from Miracle Technology. All 

three modems will also allow you to 

access boards at 1200/75 Prestel and 

scrolling formats. CBM modem owners 

need not feel hard done by. Many boards 

now allow access at 1200/75 baud, and 

some even operate at 1200/1200. 

Each BB has its own unique character. But 

most have an E-Mail (Electronic Mail) 

option that enables you to send and 

receive messages. These messages can be 

private, i.e. to another user, or be posted 

on the general board for everyone to see. 

Other features on BBs typically include 

free downloadable software. Downloading 

is done in several ways. but by far 

the most popular is the X-Modem format, 

so check to see if your comms package has 

this option, Another common feature to 

be found on BBs are the SIGs - Special 

Interest Groups, These are areas which 

contain information on one particular 

subject such as a micro, comms, politics or 

whatever. 

There are many other features to be 

found on BBs. Some even have on-line 

adventures that you can play. 

When using a BB, it's worth 

remembering that the service which you 

are using is two-way. That is, it's up to you, 

the user, to help supply the board with 

information. Have you got any software 

(of your own)? Then why not upload it for 

everyone to use. How about asking the 

System Operator (SYSOP) to set up an SIG 

dedicated to Commodore machines if 

there is not one there already? 

The List 

Opposite is a very small selection of BBs 

that are currently in operation. All the 

boards listed operate on a 24 hour basis. 

V/Data means that you will need Prestel 

type software to access the board.1200-75 

means that you need scrolling type software 

and a modem, such as the one from 

CBM, to access the service. Finally, 300 

means 300-300 baud access which needs 

scrolling software. CBM modem users will 

NOT be able to access this type of board. 

All the boards listed have a section 

which contains phone numbers for other 

boards. Have fun! 

What About the 64? 

To the best of my knowledge, there are 

only three bulletin boards which are run 

on the Commodore 64, One is in 

Aberdeen, one in Dublin and the third in 

Denmark! No doubt there are quite a 

few in the good ole U$ of Reagan which 

shall check out next month. I also understand 

that there is some public domain 

(free) BB software knocking about in 

Ireland which I shall also track down. As 

you can see below, running a Bulletin 

Board on a C-64 is perfectly feasible. 

COMMUNICATION 

68

i Communications 

CORNER 

R 

Name 

Telephone KateS a 

BABS 1 

0394 276306 3 0 t 0 

Brixton ITec 

01 735 6153 V/Data e 

s 

Cardif ITec 

0222 464 725 V/Data 

C-View 

0702 546373 V/Data 

EBBS Swansea 

0792 203953 3 0 0 

Gnome at Home 

01 888 8894 V/Data 

01 985 3322 V/Data 

Hackney BB 

0752 364059 3 0 0 

Haunting Thunder 

050 638526 3 0 0 

Livingston BBs 

London BB 

01 455 6607 300/12-75 

1 London Underground 

01 863 0198 300/1200-75 

Mactel 

01 341 1719 3 0 0 

Mailbox-SO iliverpool) 

051 428 8924 300/1200-75 

Metrotel 

01 941 4285 V/Data 

Norview 

0604 20441 V / D a t a 

IBM Blandford 

0258 54494 3 0 0 

TRBS London 

01 348 9400 300/1200-75/1200- 

1 1 

2 G-General messages 

Below is a printout of part of a session 

00 

on SBBS Aberdeen which is on 24 hrs a 

H-Help with this section 

P-Pen-pal messages 

day, at 300 baud on 0224 781919, eight bits 

S-Sysop messages to/from 

no parity. SBBS is run on a C128 with a 1541 

disk drive. The 24K of software was written 1-Goto Main Menu (1) 

by Noel Gadd°, the Sysop using the Blitz 2-Goto Main Menu (2) 

Basic compiler, not bad eh! 

?-Print this menu again 

The time is 04:33:15 One moment loading. 

SPACE BAR=pause/resume, CTRL X=quit 

SBBS Main Menu (1) 

B-News/Bulletin Board info 

G-Goodbye/Log 

-H-Help 

with this section 

off M-Messaging Area 

Li-User log 

Y-Yell for SYSOP 

2-Goto Main Menu (2) 

?-Print this menu again 

or ? for menu :m 

G,H,P,S,Y,1,2 

or ? for menu :g 

The time is 04:33:55 One moment loadin 

SPACE BAR=pause/resume• CTRL X=quit 

SBBS General messages 

C-Check Mail 

D-Delete a message from file 

H-Help with this section 

M-Message catagories 

Q-Quick scan of messages 

R-Read message(s) 

S-Send message 

1-Main Menu (1) 

2-Main Menu (2) 

The time is 04:33:35 One moment loading. 

SPACE BAR=pauseiresume, CTRL X=quit C,D,H,M,Q,R,S,Y,1,2 

or ? for menu :r 

One moment loading 

SBBS Messaging menu 

CORNER 

First message E 1 Last messge 34 

Messge number: 1Froml-Rol =Exit 

?:34-34 

One moment loading. 

Message 34 Egenerall section. 

MESSAGE TO :ALL 

MESSAGE FROM :FERGUS MCDONALD 

SUBJECT :ANOTHER CBM BBS!! 

DATE :THURSDAY 20/ 2/86 

USER IS A :NON MEMBER. 

Hi folks! I have set up a BBS in Dublin. 

Ireland, running on a Commodore 

64 with W52000 and 2 disk drives. I am a 

heavy CBM fan. The BBS software (by 

me) is called SIBBS. It is an 

interpreter - no menus! And it is all in 

machine code. Give it a ring and you 

will see. It is QUITE different. It is 

refreshing to see another BBS running 

on a Commodore 64. Also, what does 

All think of the new SFID 1001 CBM disk 

drive with 1MB per disk?? Anyway, 

the board (run by moi for the Irish 

Amateur Computer Club) is called the 

IACCBBS, and ring Dublin 903341 (24 

Hours) on 8 bits, no par, 1 stop. 300 

g• Baud 

or ? for menu :1 

One moment loading 

Last but not Least 

Well that's it for another month. I shall be 

reviewing at least two moderns and some 

comms packages. Finally, a special 

mention to Richard James (CNET R812) 

•,vho wanted his name to appear in THE 

magazine in THE column. Null said! Don't 

forget to drop me a line on Compunet ID 

WANDA or Prestel 919992677.

Lewis They gives you the 

[update from across the 

Atlantic. 

LLILt ff ILI 

Vit 

HAS THIS BEEN FOR COMMODORF the 

"winter of discontent, or just a winter of 

the big freeze? In the US programs like 

Freeze Frame from Cardco, and lsepic 

from Starpoint Software, seem to reflect 

in their names the low point reached by 

Commodore's stock. By midwinter it had 

dived to its lowest level ever of six, down 

from an all time high of SO on the NY Stock 

Exchange. 

Is this great company on its way out? 

How can a company that has sold over 

four million units of the C64 be in such 

trouble? Even this past Christmas it is 

rumoured that 60% of the sales were of 

the old reliable, that the C128 was so 

sluggish that an artificial shortage in the 

C64 was created by holding back supplies 

of them in the east coast, Other guesses 

were that the C64 was - 

warehoused" 

order to raise its price and/or to re- 

iintroduce n it in a new case with some fancy 

new touches. The above rumours, 

incidently, are through the courtesy of 

Felix Riveria who writes in what is perhaps 

the outstanding computer support group 

publication in the US. "The New York 

Commodore Exchange Network News" is 

published monthly in newspaper format. 

To subscribe, write Brian A Glover, Editor, 

420 Clinton Avenue 5F, Brooklyn, NY 

11238 USA. Its cost in the US $12.00 a year. 

Cheap, cheap, cheap. 

My contact with user groups was 

greatly expanded by attendance at the 

1986 West Coast Commodore Association 

"Commodore Show II" this February in 

San Francisco. At least a dozen groups 

were represented. Leading the field was 

the grand daddy of them all, The Toronto 

Pet Users Group, followed by such US 

giants as the Oregon based US 

Commodore Users Group, P.O. Box 2310, 

Roseburg, Oregon 97470 USA, and the 

above mentioned NYC conglomerate. No 

less than nine smaller California groups 

were listed in the show catalogue. 

What's a BIG West Coast computer 

show like? Jammed packed with people 

and programs! The people were a little 

older on the average than those I've seen 

attending the shows at Earls Court or the 

International Commodore Show in 

London last year. But they were definitely 

not like the three-piece suit, business 

types that I ran into in San Francisco at an 

IBM compatible software show that was 

being held at the same time. 

Now for the programs which I 

mentioned earlier. Freeze Frame by 

CARDCO. Inc., 300 S Topeka, Wichita, KS 

67202 will quietly sit inside your 

computer, totally transparent to any other 

programs you may wish to load and use. 

Then when you want to make a screen 

dump, you call it with two keystrokes and 

voila!, the frame is frozen and sent to your 

printer. You then continue to run 

whatever you may have as your main 

program. 

Don't confuse two different programs 

coming from the US both called Snapshot. 

One is a utility from COMPUTE!s Gazette 

magazine written in machine language 

which can store whatever you have on the 

TEXT screen (up to 53 screens) and then 

retrieve it for display or for printing. The 

other is a cartridge named Snapshot 64 

which comes from those fine people at 

CSM Software., Inc.. P.O. Box 563, Crown 

Point., Indiana 46307 who developed the 

best of the 1541 Disk Drive Alignment 

Programs (buy the Version 2.0 at $44.95 

plus shipping). 

Snapshot 64 is touted as the "ultimate" 

backup utility since you are able to "stop 

most any program after the protection 

check and then resume.. .totally 

bypassing the protection check." Price on 

this utility is $49.95 plus shipping costs. 

Remember the exciting advertisements 

from Starpoint Software of Gazelle. 

CA 960347? They announced a utility 

called STARDOS which would do everything 

(even makes great coffee). Well, 

they were blocked from releasing it by a 

lawsuit slapped on them by SKYLES 

Electric Works, 231E South Whisman 

Road, Mountain View, CA94041. Skyles 

says that is was too much like their cart- 

70 

News 

ridge 1541 FLASH (i59.95 - on sale, plus 

$15.00 UK shipping charge) which was 

developed by the same computer expert. 

Starpoint is delivering one of the 

bargains of the year. They are marketing a 

256K RAM board for the Amiga functionally 

identical to the Commodore 1050 

RAM board for £99.95 + $6.00 shipping 

outside the USA. 

Isepic, which is also a Starpoint 

product at $64.95, is a combination hardware 

and software package that closes this 

little survey of new utilities. It "deprotects" 

by capturing and saving the 

protected program as it runs in the 64's 

memory. "This 'snapshot' [so help me, 

they advertise this one as a "snapshot", 

tool becomes accessible to the user for 

complete inspection and alteration." The 

quotation is from Starpoint's 

advertisement. 

The midnight modem madness 

continues. Commodore associated 

QUANTUM LINK is giving away a 300 

baud autodial modem if you subscribe for 

four months at $9,95 monthly. Viewtron 

charges you only $49.95 for a 300 baud 

Volks 6420 by Anchor Automation. They 

throw in a first hour on Viewtron for free. 

Playnet gets a bit tricky in its combination 

offer of a magazine subscription to 

AHOY, a Playnet membership kit and a 

modem if you subscribe to Playnet for 

three months and pay a fi rst time 

memherchin fey. nt V1E1 qS 

The thaw has certainly come to Amiga. 

Hardware prices are falling and software is 

flowing from the developers like warmed 

up maple syrup. The Electronic Arts 

Deluxe Paint program begins to really 

show what this amazing machine can do 

in presenting visual ideas. What's more it 

integrates with the Deluxe Graphics, 

Music and Printing modules of the same 

company. The games have arrived too. 

Flight Simulator from Sublogic, Napoleon 

at Waterloo by Krentek Software, Skyfox 

and a re-issue of the Software Golden 

Oldies, i.e. Pong, Eliza, Adventure and 

Life from EA are available now. 

The C128 is less fortunate in the 

issuance of new programs designed 

especially for it. True, some very fine old 

programs are being updated such as 

Vizawrite and SuperScript. And now that 

Commodore has issued a new version of 

CP/M for the 128, which really works this 

time, all those wonderful old CP/M 

business programs are there for the 

taking. 

may be including a mention of the PC 

10 in upcoming columns if the announcement 

by a PR (that's Public Relations in US 

english) man for X-PRESS Information 

Services is true. Commodore is going to 

try and hit the business world with a wire 

service which is compatible with IBM 

machines. They'll distribute the PC 10 in 

the US to clients who want the service 

compatible with IBM and may even offer 

a free Plus/4 to the less fluent businesses 

who want to try their service. This will all 

be tied in with QuantumLink to give a 

truly total service as well as find a use for 

all those great (and unsold) PLUS/4's.

Joe Nicholson 

continues his look at 

the C-16. This month 

— clocks and timers. 

IN THIS ARTICLE I SHALL ATtempt 

to explain some of the 

techniques involved in timing, 

interrupts and so on. I shall start 

with the keyboard interrupt as 

this is the easiest to explain. 

Every 1/50th of a second the 

computer interrupts its normal 

processing to execute a 'service 

routine'. This updates the clock 

and reads the keyboard, 

putting any new keys pressed 

into the keyboard buffer. It 

then resumes processing. The 

address contained in bytes 

$0314 and $0315 are the low and 

high bytes of the indirect 

values for the location of the 

interrupt. These values can be 

redirected in order to make the 

C-16 jump to your own 

machine code routine. This 

method was used in the play 

routine and the synthesiser 

article explained last month. 

After the user routine has been 

completed the program can 

then jump back into the service 

routine to update the counter 

etc. Alternatively it is possible 

to jump straight back into 

processing. 

The interrupt is normally 

on. The machine code instruction 

SEI turns the interrupt off 

and CLI will turn it on again. 

The following routine will set 

the interrupt vector: 

SEI interrupt off 

IDA low byte 

STA $0314 

LDA high byte 

STA $0315 

CLI interrupt on 

RTS return 

Similarly to restore the original 

interrupt: 

SEI 

WA SOE 

STA $0314 

LDA SCE 

STA $0315 

CLI 

RTS 

Note that most of the programming 

associated with 

interrupts has to be done in 

machine code for speed, for 

instance it is not possible to 

disable the interrupts from 

Basic. At the end of the user 

interrupt routine use the 

instruction MAP SCEOE to return 

Cl 5 

PROGRAMMING 

THE 

to the service routine. To jump 

back from the user routine to 

continue processing, ignoring 

the C-16's service routine, use 

the instruction jMP SFCB6 (IRQ 

exit). I won't include a demonstration 

of this type as the play 

command published in the 

December 1985 article on 

sound, and the sound synthesiser 

article published last 

month serve as fi tting 

demonstrations. 

Internal Timers 

There are three internal 16 bit 

timers in the C-16. The timers 

operate at a frequency of 885 

KHz on our PAL system 

machines. It therefore takes on 

0.0741 seconds to count all the 

way from 65535 to zero. Timer 

# 1 has the facility of being able 

to activate an interrupt upon 

reaching zero. Each timer is 

arranged as two eight bit 

registers in memory, using the 

normal protocol of high byte 

(i.e. multiples of 256) last, 

preceded by the low byte 

(remainder 0-255), 

The registers are arranged 

in memory as follows: 

SFFOO Timer I:11 low byte 

$F f 

-SFF02 

Timer # 2 low byte 

01 SFF03 Timer ft 2 high byte 

SFE04 Timer # 3 low byte 

T 

SFF05 Timer# 3 high byte 

iTo 

set a timer simply load the 

mtimer's 

registers with the 

estarting 

value; it will then count 

r 

down to zero. As the timer will 

# 

obviously have to be set in two 

parts, (one POKE or STA for the 

1 low byte and one for the high 

hbyte) 

there should therefore be 

ia 

delay of no greater than 125 

gus 

between writing the low 

h byte and the high byte, otherwise 

the timer will start to 

bcount 

down and therefore to 

ybe 

set incorrectly. 

t To eliminate this problem, 

16 

interrupt to occur between 

writing the low byte and the 

high byte) 

LDA low byte of start time 

STA Low byte of timer 

LDA high byte of start time 

STA high byte of timer 

CLI turn the interrupts back on 

RTS return 

The Timers and 

Interrupts 

Timer tt 1 is a more sophisticated 

timer than timers # 2 and 

ft 3. When this timer is written 

to, it sets the timer to that value 

as expected, but also sets the 

'timer tri reload registers' to 

that value. The timer then 

counts down to zero, at which 

point an interrupt is generated 

if bit three of the interrupt 

mask flag is set. Bit three of the 

interrupt status register is then 

set. The timer is then reset to 

the reload value, and the 

counter carries on decrementing 

until it reaches zero 

when another interrupt is 

generated etc. 

Timer tt 1 is potentially a 

very useful timer allowing 

periodic interrupts of specified 

delay length, for instance 

timers are used to generate 

accurate inter bit delays in a fast 

tape loading system which is 

under development. 

Timer #2 and timer # 3 are 

simpler timers. These timers go 

back to 65535 after they have 

reached zero, instead of being 

reset to a reload value. They 

still have the ability to generate 

interrupts when they reach 

zero however. To turn interrupt 

for timer # 2 off/on, set/ 

reset bit six of the interrupt 

mask register. When the interrupt 

takes place, bit six of the 

interrupt status register is set 

high. 

The Interrupt Mask 

etherefore, 

the timer registers 

should be set in machine code The interrupts are turned on 

using the following type of 

routine: 

and off by setting/resetting bits 

on a register called the 

SEI disable interrupts. (we 

don't want a keyboard 

interrupt mask at SFIOA or 

decimal 65290. Bits one to 

71 

seven control the tollov 

, Bit 1 raster interrupt 

,ing: Bit 2 light pen 

Bit 3 timer 1 interrupt 



Bit 7 interrupt request 

Setting a bit high on the mask 

byte will enable the appropriate 

interrupt. Bit 2 light pen? 

There is no connection for a 

light pen on the edge connector, 

but there may be on the 

joystick port. 

The Interrupt Status 

Register 

This byte (at SFF09 or 65289 

decimal) records which 

interrupt has interrupted. It is 

important for the interrupt 

service routine to know just 

which interrupt has been used 

so that it knows how to act. The 

arrangement of bits in this 

register is the same as the 

interrupt mask register (e.g. Bit 

four is the timer # 3 interrupt 

bit). Strangely, to set a bit 'on' 

in this register, write that bit 

with a zero. Similarly write the 

bit with a one to reset that bit. 

Any interrupts from the C-16 

are recorded by the C-16 

setting the appropriate bit of 

this register. 

Timer Interrupts 

It is interesting to note that the 

three timer interrupts can still 

be used even when the raster 

and interrupt requests have 

been disabled with the SEI 

command. This is the 

technique used in the saving 

and loading of programs in the 

C-16. The routine at $E364, for 

instance (Figure 1) is used 

before loading/saving a block/ 

header in the C-16. The routine 

at $E378, shown in Figure 2, is 

the opposite of the routine of 

$E364 and is used after loading/ 

saving a block/header. 

However it is not always 

necessary to perform timing 

exercises using the method

described above, thanks to a 

very useful ROM routine at 

$E2EA. If quite accurate time 

delays are all that are required, 

the routine at $E2EA can be 

used. Calling this routine will 

generate a delay of 1/50th 

second. This routine is used to 

generate delays in the 

saying/loading routine, e.g. 

the 3/5 second between 

printing SAVING or LOADING 

and turning the screen off on 

saving/loading is: 

LDX $1E 

JSR $E2EA 

DEX 

BNE 4:L1 

CCI 

Note that as the routine at 

$E2EA turns the interrupts off 

to get better timing, the CCI 

command is used to re-enable 

them if you want them on 

again. 

The Clock 

The registers $0312 and $0313 

are the low and high byte 

pointers for the 'update clock' 

routine which is called every 

1/50th second by the C-16's 

service routine. This is usually 

set to $CE42 but can be redirected 

to go to a user routine. 

Figure 3 shows the assembly 

text for a clock which displays 

its time continuously in the top 

right hand corner of the 

screen. It also has an alarm with 

sound and a facility to iump to a 

machine code routine upon 

the event of an alarm. The 

clock redirects the pointer 

$0312 and $0313 (786 and 787) to 

a new service routine stored at 

$0660. The whole machine 

(ode program is 308 bytes long 

and resides between $0600 and 

$0728, a free area of memory in 

the C-16. To type this in use the 

C-16 Assembler published in 

the June 1985 copy of Your 

Commodore. Alternatively 

Figure 4 shows the code for this 

program in data statements 

with a machine code loader at 

10000 to POKE the bytes in. The 

time and the alarm time can all 

be set with Basic commands. 

The routine is stored at $0600 

(1536 decimal). 

Description of Clock 

Program 

Lines 10120-10220 initialise the 

routines own variables. 

Lines 10300-10380 turn off the 

clock by relocating the 

'update clock' routine to its 

original value. 

Lines 10500-10580 turn on 

clock; diverts 'update clock 

routine' to new service routine. 

Lines 10600-10700 set time. To 

set the time, type: 5YS1577,12: 

43:23. The latter three numbers 

are the time in hours, minutes 

and seconds. The system for 

scanning the line used in this 

subroutine will be explained in 

a later article on extending the 

Basic. Line 10690 then turns the 

clock on. 

Lines 10800-10910 set the alarm. 

This works in the same way as 

the 'set time' routine. It is 

located at $103D (4157 

decimal), so SYS1601,12:43:23 

sets the alarm and initialises it 

so that it sounds for 30 seconds 

when the alarm time is 

reached. 

Lines 11000-11990 - clock 

service routine. 

Lines 11000-11990 count each 

1/50th second jumping to 

$CE%2 if the next second has 

not been reached. 

Lines 11200-11340 update 

seconds. 


minutes. 


hours, switching back to 

00:00:00 after it reaches 

23:59:59. 

Line 11700 calls the routine 

which handles the alarm sound 

it it is on. 

Line 11710 calls the r •utine to 

print the time on the screen. 

Lines 11800-11860 check to see 

if the alarm time has been 

reached by comparing the time 

($D1-$DB) and the alarm time 

($D9$F0) byte by byte. 

Lines 11900-11990 the alarm has 

been reached. Line 11910 calls 

the alarm sound subroutine 

which starts the alarm sound if 

it is required. 

Lines 11950-11980 call a 

machine code routine whose 

address is stored in bytes 5E2 

and $E3, if $E8 is set. 

Lines 12000-12200 - Alarm 

routine. This handles the 30 

second bleeping alarm if it is 

on. 

Lines 1 21 0 5-1 2 20 0 are 

concerned with marking the 

bleeping. 

Lines 12500-12680 initialise 

alarm sound. If an alarm has 

been reached and the register 

$E4 is 0 to signify that the 

alarm sound is enabled, an 

alarm sound is generated in 

voice 2. 

Lines 12550-12570 set the 

duration to 30 seconds. 

Lines 12580-12610, set the 

frequency. 

Lines 12620-12650 'on' voice 2. 

Lines 12660-12670 select 29 

bleeps. 

Lines 13000-13150 Print time. 

This prints the time in the top 

right hand corner of the screen 

if $E9 is ---' O. 

Lines 13050-13090 set up the 

colour for the text. This is 

initially set to 16 (black) but can 

be set to other colours by 

POKEing address $ET 

Lines 13100-13150 print the 

characters of the time on the 

screen. 

PROEIRAM 1 CLOCK CODE 

10000 A=1536:DO:B=0:FORC.1TO 

16:READDtIFD=-1THENPRINTIK. 

.stEND 

10010 8:841POKEA,Dt4:011NE 

XTIREADD 

10020 IFOORTNENPRINT 

1RROR 

IN LINEN;PEEK(63)+2564P 

EEK(64):END:ELSELOOP 

DATA E 

20000 DATA 169,1,133,225,169 

06,133,231,169,0,133,229,13 

3,232,96,120, 2189 

20010 DATA 169,66,141,18,3,1 

69,206,141,19,3,88,96,120,16 

9,96,141, 1645 

20020 DATA 18,3,169,6,141,19 

,3,88,96,162,0,32,115,4,149, 

209, 1214 

20030 DATA 232,138,201,8,208 

,245,32,28,6,32,115,4,169 

1133,208, 

1759 

0, 20040 DATA 96,162,0,32,115,4 

,149,217,232,138,201,8,208,2 

45,169,1, 1977 

20050 DATA 133,228,32,115,4, 

96,255,0,255,0,255,0,255,0,2 

55 

120060 

DATA 230,208,165,208,2 

0, 01,50,240,3,76,66,206,162,48 

1060,58,169, 

2250 

820070 

DATA 0,133,208,230,216 

8,196,216,208,56,134,216,230, 

3 

PROGRAM CLOCK TEXT 

10 60T0900 

100 E.0:11:0:14:E4." 

110 DWIDS(A4,A,1):IFD$440 

RD42 

61 112 IFDWOORE=2THENES=E44 

ORD 41E22160T0140 

4."T 

HEN 

72 

RET 

URN 

Figure 5 shows a list of all 

the system variables used in the 

p rog ram. 

Note that the machine code 

jump routine cannot last for 

any longer than 1/50th second. 

At the end of the routine a 

JMPSCE42 should be used to 

exit the routine. 

In conclusion, to use the 

clock, first of all initialise by 

typing in 5YS1536. 

To set the time: 5Y51577, 

12:23:36 

To set the alarm: SYS1601, 

07:35:26 

To turn off the clock: SYS1551 

215,165,215,201, 2839 

20080 DATA 54,208,46,134,215 

1 

2213,230,212,165, 

2709 

320090 

DATA 212,201,54,208,28 

0034,212,230,210,201,52,208, 

, 10,196,210,208, 2574 

2 

20100 DATA 16,134,210,230,20 

19,208,10,165,209,201,50,208, 

3 

4,134,210,134, 2332 

20110 DATA 20942001 

, 

17,7062,0081,208,213,216,20 

0 

6,320 8,13,202, 1921 

6 

20120 DATA 208,247,32,234,6, 

, 

165,232,240,3,108,226,0,76,6 

2 

6,206,165, 2214 

1 

20130 DATA 229,240,22,198,22 

3 

9,165,229,41,1,240,2 

, 

1133,230,173, 

2333 

2 

169,32, 20140 DATA 17,255,41,159,5,2 

030,141,17,255,96069,226,201 

80,240,0, 

2054 

, 20150 DATA 169,8,141,255,4,1 

341,253,4,169,2,141,16,255,16 

87,240,141, 

2108 

, 20160 DATA 15,255,173,17,255 

1,41,144,9,40,141,17,255,169, 

329,133,229, 

1922 

420170 

DATA 96,165,225,201,0, 

, 240,20,162,8,165,231,157,31, 

8,202,208, 2119 

20180 DATA 250,162,8,181,208 

057,31,12,202,208,248,96,0, 

0,0,0, 1763,-1 

113 IFDWP4NDDW5"THEN130 

114 IFDWOORDS.4 

1115 

IFDWPTHENI.1:EOT0140 

THEN140 

120 E=1:RETURN 

130 IFIN0THEN11(8110)0A1.(D4 

)1ELSESm(8416)+DEC1B) 

140 001160TO110 

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1 8 

63000 DATAIND 

• 

74 

• Commodore inn computer 

• 128D coreputer • 19001.1 

• Commodore 128 • 1570 

C 

m 

, 

c 

o 

m 

m 

o 

d 

o 

r 

• Commodore 1571 del t drive 

• Commodore 128 computer 

is certainly the best vrordprocesttor we've yet soon on any 

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e makes maximum use of the speed, memory and 80-Column 

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with a 30,000 word disk dicbontey, massive 55K teat area. proportonol printer support 

plus built-In NIO fonts for CBMIEpson type printers, eaay 

-lull 

function caeulator. 'newspaper style' cattewee, mall merge._ and much, much more! 

te 

- FANTASTIC SUMMER SAVINGS ON ALL VIZA PRODUCTS! 

uSo ! p u l l - d o w n ' 

m• litzaWrIte e n 'Classic u s 121 . "az' E76 it. • VizaStar 128 'puss C96 .5 

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• VIzaWrite 64 icarIndge) (see f 69 as • VizaStar 64 XL4 

• VizaWrde CBM PC £ £269.00 

• SupeeScripi 80966296.702 1115.00 

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• &low:Deice 00e662e5.700 2230.00 

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Are yeu a two- 

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Then why not let 

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WANT IT TOMORROW??? 

Prices Include VAT and POSTAGE 

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Order by poel or phone, using 

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day tat CLASS post Product data 

avertable on request, or phone for 

advice It In doubt ' R E F A391 

11 you're as Impressed as we are with the new Commodore 128 

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£479 Commodore 1570 disc &we 

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LAKESIDE HOUSE, KINGSTON HILL, SURREY. KT2 7CIT. 

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1 year guarantee on all Commodore products Prices subject to availablity VAT Included. 

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The Anatomy of the 128 

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TEL D1-546-7255

Bill Bremner begins a series 

designed to help you get the 

most out of your disk drive. 

BEFORE I TRY TO EXPLAIN HOW THE 

1541 Disk Drive works, let us discover 

what brought about its unique design and 

unravel some of its peculiarities. 

Most modern computers employ an 

all-singing all-dancing (albeit expensive) 

Floppy Disk Controller or FDCtoconnect 

up to a disk drive. A software package 

called a Disk Filing System (DES) or Disk 

Operating System (DOS) is then loaded 

into RAM or plugged in as ROM and 

manages the controller, to perform such 

tasks as formatting, reading, and writing. 

Of course, the more complex the DFS or 

DOS required, the more space is taken up 

inside the computer (the BBC micro uses 

the plug in ROM method, Apple and Atari 

both load their software into RAM). There 

are quite a few advantages in using this 

type of system: fast loading and saving, 

and a variety of increasingly complicated 

and fashionable drives. However, the 

restraint on memory usage restricts the 

6522 VIA 

FROM 

AND\ 

SERIAL BUS 

INTERFACE CE 

( COM PU I Ey 

T 

O 

16K ROM 

6522 VIA 

DISK 

CONTROLLER 

INTERFACE 

1 5 et 1 

PROGRAMMING 

THE 

6502 

CPU 

DATA BUS 

2K RAM 

02 

ADDRESS BUS 

Figure 1 

(NOT TO SCALE) 

WRITE 

LOGIC 

ADDRESS 

DECODER 

b. C. d. e. g• h. m . n. a. P• 

HEADER BLOCK 

Figure 2: 

75 

DATA BLOCK 

TO AND 

FROM 

DISK 

NEXT 

SECTOR

versatility of supporting software, data 

storage is, on the whole, less efficient, and 

incompatability problems often arise with 

third party and tape software. 

The 1541 Disk Drive evolved from the 

1540. which was designed for the Vic-20, 

and, because of the limited amount of 

memory in the Vic, Commodore had to 

find a way around a memory based DOS. 

So was born the 1540, an intelligent serialbus 

device which controlled all its own 

formatting, reading and writing, as well as 

intricate sequential and random-access 

file handling. Unfortunately, it was serial 

(sl000www), not parallel (fast), and it had 

quite a few bugs (it sometimes thought it 

was a dual drive), but, after all, anything 

was better than tape. When the 64 arrived 

on the home computer scene, it was 

decided a new disk drive should follow 

with it, but as the Vic was still selling, the 

new drive would have to be compatible 

with that too. So was born the 1541, still 

slow, still with bugs, but relatively cheap, 

quite efficient, and pretty reliable. 

Because the drive is intelligent, and 

thus sell-supporting, there is no need for 

either disk controller or dedicated disk 

software inside the 64. The control unit 

inside the 1541 is a 6502 based computer 

much like the Vic or 64, with RAM, ROM 

and Interface chips. This means that at the 

end of your serial lead is a fast storage 

device, which, with a little understanding, 

can be programmed much the same as the 

host computer it is attached to. 

Inside the 1541 

If you are prepared to open up the 1541 

you will find relatively little inside that 

looks like a computer. The circuit board, 

sitting atop the mains transformer and the 

drive mechanism, contains the control 

electronics at the front end, and the actual 

computer circuitry at the back. This is 

much more Spartan than the Vic or 64 

boards, as it needs neither audio nor 

visual related chips. Two 6522 Versatile 

Interface Adaptors handle serial bus 

communication and control the drive 

mechanism, as well as supplying timing 

and interrupt facilities for the processor. 

The Disk Operating System software is 

held in two 8K ROM chips,and 2K of RAM 

not only provides the necessary 

workspace for the 6502, but is also used as 

buffer storage, A handful of other support 

chips, including an address decoder, 

complete the quota, 

1541 Block Diagram 

The 16K of DOS is split into two sections: 

the Interface Processor or !FP for short, 

which manages the host computer related 

functions such as file manipulation and 

serial bus communications, and the 

Floppy Disk Controller or FDC which 

controls the Read-Write head and data 

storage. The 6502 Processor has to share 

time between the FOC and the !FP, which 

often reduces the effective operating 

speed of the 1541. The FIX. IP and 

Interface Chips will all be elaborated on 

individually as the series progresses, 

together with a full RAM memory map. 

Disk Format 

In order for the DOS to fi nd its way 

around the disk a format routine is used to 

divide the disk surface up into tracks and 

sectors. 35 tracks are formatted in all, track 

one being the first and outermost, and 

track 35 the innermost, with the directory 

on track 18, Each Track is further divided 

up into 17 or more 256 byte sectors, 

numbered zero upwards. To pack as 

much data into the available space, Commodore 

adopted a scheme where the 

number of sectors on a track increases the 

further out, and thus longer, the track is. 

However, this method by itself would not 

have worked because even if the Read- 

Write head is positioned on track one or 

35, it still takes the same amount of time 

for the disk surface to rotate once. The 

larger the track, the higher the velocity it 

has when it passes under the head, so to 

counter this the data is actually written 

and read to and from the disk at a faster 

rate depending on how far out the track 

is, The data bits are "clocked" in and out 

at approximately 300,000 bits/sec on the 

outermost tracks and 250,000 bits/sec on 

the innermost. The track layout is divided 

into four different zones: 

Zone 

1 

Track No. 

1-17 

Sector Range 

0-20 

Sectors/Track 

21 

Clock Rate 

307,692 bits/sec 

2 18-24 0-18 19 285,714 bits/sec 

3 25-30 0-17 18 266,667 bits/sec 

4 31-35 0-16 17 250,000 bits/sec ec 

Data Encoding Scheme 

Commodore again opted for a more 

space-efficient recording method to store 

the individual bits on the disk. The most 

commonly-used storage scheme is FM 

GCR Table 

Hex Binary GCR : Hex Binary GCR 

$00 0000 01010 $08 1000 0100 

$01 0001 01011 : $09 1001 111001 

$02 

$03 

$04 

$05 

$06 

$07 

0010 

0011 

0100 

0101 

0110 

0111 

10010 

10011 

01110 

01111 

10110 

10111 

: 

: 

: 

: 

: 

: 

WA 

SOB 

$0C 

SOD 

SOL 

$0i 

1010 

1011 

1100 

1101 

1110 

1111 

110 

111 

001 

0110 

1 

111110 

110101 

. 

0 

1 

76 

(Frequency Modulation) which involves 

writing a stream of clocking bits, with a 

data bit occurring in between if a ''1" 

needs to be written. This is expensive in 

data storage space and so the 1541 was 

designed to use a self-clocking method 

called Group Coded Recording, GCR for 

short (Apple micros also use GCR). Prior 

to being written on to the disk, every data 

byte is converted into a form which can 

neither be confused as a sync mark nor 

affect reading accuracy. This is achieved 

by splitting the byte into two halves, or 

four bit nibbles, and using a look-up table 

in the ROM to convert each half into a five 

bit result. 

For example, to convert the eight bit byte 

$A5 (10100101) into GCR, the byte is first 

split into two four bit hi-lo order nibbles 

1010 and 0101. Using the conversion table 

these nibbles now become 11010 and 

01111 respectively, and so our completed 

GCR byte is, 1101001111. Using Group 

Codes Recording, no combination of any 

five bit GCR nibbles will ever produce 

nine consecutive binary ones (used as a 

sync mark), and no more than two 

consecutive binary zeros will appear in a 

10-bit GCR byte or combination of bytes 

this is for speed accuracy when clocking 

bits back into the 1541 during a read). 

However, we now have a problem when 

manipulating this data. The 6502 can 

address only one eight bit byte at a time, 

whereas our new byte is now 10 bits long. 

Therefore the conversion routine inside 

the DOS actually converts four bytes at 

the same time. This is the minimum 

amount of bytes that can be converted by 

an eight bit processor (4* 10-bit bytes= 40 

bits = 5 * 8-bit bytes), Thus, when writing 

data, four eight bit bytes are collated and 

then converted into four GCR 10-bit

ytes, and written as five eight bit bytes. 

This all sounds a bit confusing (if you'll 

pardon the pun) so show you an 

example: 

4 8-bit bytes : $08, $AA. $01, $01 

in Binary : 00001000, 10101010, 00000001, 

00000001 

4-bit nibbles : 0000.10001010,1010.0000, 

0001, 0000, 0001, 

in 5-bit GCR : 01010. 01001, 11010, 11010, 

01010, 01011, 01010, 01011, 

in 8-bit GCR 01010010. 011101010, 

10100101, 00101101. 01001011 

in hex : $52, $75, $A5. 52D, $43, 

Thus our original four eight bit bytes $08- 

$AA-S01-$01 are actually written on to the 

disk surface as $52-$75-$A5-S2D-$4B. 

Reading GCR bytes off the disk is merely 

the same process reversed. 

5 GCR bytes : $52, $75, $A5, 52D, $43, 

in 8-bit GCR : 01010010, 01110101, 

10100101, 00101101. 01001011 

in 5-bit GCR 01010. 01001,11010.11010. 

01010, 01011, 01010. 01011 

4-bit nibbles : 0001, 0000. 1010, 1010, 0000, 

0001, 0000, 0001, 

in Binary ; 00010000, 10101010, 00000001, 

00000001 

4 8-bit bytes : $OB. $AA. $01, $01 

1Simple, really! 

Sector Format 

Each sector on a track is comprised of two 

main parts: the Header Block. or ID Field, 

which supplies information on the 

position of the sector, and the Data Block 

of data. Preceding each of these fields is a 

unique synchronisation Field or Sync 

Mark, used to identify the beginning of 

the block and immediately following the 

block is a short gap which gives the IDC 

breathing space to allow for fluctuations 

in drive speed. The sector header is 

written only once, during formatting, but 

the data field, including its sync mark, is 

re-written every time data needs to be 

recorded on the disk. 

Header Block 

a) Sync Mark: Written as five eight bit 

GCR SFI bytes ( 40 consecutive one bits) 

the sync mark is a flag to tells the DOS that 

a. block is coming up next. 

b) Header Block ID: This is the Block 

Identifier Byte which informs the DOS 

that this is a header field. Its value is always 

$08. 

c) Header Block Checksum: This is the 

header field checksum byte created by 

EORing together the track number, sector 

1000 Hi."0123456789ABCDEF" 

1010 PRINTI(1) HEX TO 6CR' 

1020 PRINT"(2) SCR TO HEX" 

1030 PRINT"(3) QUIT" 

1040 GETMIFIS:"THEN1040 

1050 1=VAL(3):0N160101100,1 

200.1070 

1060 60T01040 

1070 END 

1100 NS=4:N5=NS4-1:EL:20B:EH: 

246:NL:82:01H=00:R1.:00:RH=03 

1110 GOT01500 

1200 NS=5:N6=NS-1:EL:230:EH: 

247:1000:NH:03:K=82:RH=00 

1500 OPEN15,8,15 

1515 FOR K=0 TONS-1 

1520 PRINTIYTE11";01::INPUT 

HD$ 

1530 IFLEN(HH)(>2THENGOT015 

20 

1540 GOSU82100 

1550 PRINT415,'N-W"CHRORJK 

)CHR$(14H)CHR$(1)CHRS(D) 

1560 NEXTK 

1570 PRINT1115,"M-WTHR$(48)C 

HRS(0)CHR$(2)CHR$(0)CHR$(3) 

1580 PRINT015,4-01"CHR$(52)C 

HR$(01CHR$11)CHR$(0) 

1590 PRINT115, 

RCM 1 

M- 1595 PRINT" 

PCHRS(EL)C 

1600 FORK=0 TO N6-1 

1610 PRINT115,91-RICHRMLI-K 

/CHRWHICHR$(1) 

1620 6ET115,GES:GES:GEPCHR$ 

(0) 

1630 D=ASC(GE$):60SU82000 

1640 PRINT'BYTE4';01:' $'01 

OS 

1650 NEM 

1660 GETII:IFIS="THEN601016 

60 

1670 RUN 

2000 H=INT(D/16):L=D-(H$16) 

2010 HD$010$04,H4.1 

11 (14$,L+1,1) 1011D$ 

2020 RETURN 

2100 H=0:FORI=1 TO 16 

2120 IFIEFTCHD$,I)=MIDCH$, 

1,1)THENH=1:1=16 

2130 NEXT! 

2140 1FH=OTHENRUN 

2150 H=H-1:L=0:FORI=IT016 

2160 IFRI6NTCHOS,11=NIOCH$ 

.I.1)THENt:10:1A 

77 

1 541 

number and the two I Ds. 

d) Sector Number: Numbered consecutively 

from zero upwards. 

e) Track Number: Position of the track on 

the disk. 

f-g) ID2 and ID1: These are the formatting 

IDs specifi ed in the instruction 

"NO: NAME,ID" where I is ID1 and D is ID2 

(Note: ID2-(D1) is the correct order as 

written on the disk). These are the IDs that 

the DOS uses the Initialisation and during 

all read and write operations, not the 

cosmetic" IDs found in sector 18,0. 

h-i) $OF Bytes: These are filler bytes used 

as padding when the DOS is converting 

the header from or into GCR (Remember: 

the DOS uses four eight bit bytes at a time 

For GCR conversion). These bytes are 

never referenced again by the DOS after 

formatting. 

j) Header Gap: eight eight bit GCR $55 

(01010101) bytes providing the DOS with 

breathing space between the header and 

data fields. 

Data Block 

k) Sync Mark: Warns the DOS a block is 

coming up. 

l) Data Block ID: Informs the DOS that this 

is a Data Block. Its value is always $07, 

m) Data: 256 Bytes of user data. 

n) Data Block Checksum: This the data 

field checksum created by EORing all the 

256 Bytes of data together. 

0, p) $OO Bytes: Filler bytes used as 

padding during GCR conversion. 

q) Inter-Sector Gap: This is also known as 

the Tail Gap, and its size varies between 

four and 12 eight bit GCR $55 bytes, supplying 

the DOS with space in between 

each sector to allow for fluctuations in 

drive speed. Its size is determined during 

the format sequence, which contains a 

routine which times how long the disk 

takes to rotate once. The gap size is 

calculated from this timing, and so 

explains not only why the format routine 

takes so long, but also why "Fast 

Formatters" are occassionally unreliable. 

Commodore used fixed gap formatting 

on earlier drives but found that the last 

sector on the track sometimes over-wrote 

the first slightly. Fast Formatters use fixedgap 

formatting (usually eight bytes long). 

Our sector is now larger and much 

mare complicated than at first sight. Its 

actual size is calculated like so: 

Section 8-bit Hex 8-bit GCR 

Sync Mark 1 

Header 

Header Gap 

Sync Mark 2 

Data Block 

Data Gap 

8 bytes 

260 bytes 

5 bytes 

10 bytes 

8 bytes 

5 bytes 

325 bytes 

4-12 bytes 

TOTAL 357-65 bytes lon g

114111101) 

YOUR BEST INDEPENDENT COMMODORE MAGAZINE 11 

0 

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SSO 

YOU'VE WRITTEN SOME PROGRAMS? 

O 

Y 

SO WHY HAVEN'T YOU SUBMITTED THEM TO US? 

O 

the lookout for new material for publication 

and we know that there are 

U thousands of intelligent, literate. 

innovative and creative Commodore 

Oowners 

out there, so why don't we get 

together? 

It you have written a program, be it a 

Wgame 

or a utility, that you think you 

should share with other Commodore 

owners, then why not submit it to us for 

N publication. Don't forget we pay very well 

Office Use Only 

Surname: 

Firstnames: 

Address: 

Postcode: T e l e p h o n e Number 

for any articles that we publish. 

A All submissions should be well docu- Times to contact you: 

mented and where possible include a line 

by line breakdown of the program 

Ctogether 

with a list of any variables used. A 

copy of the program should be included 

Oon 

either tape or disk. 

All submissions should be sent to the 

Program Name. 

Computer/memory size: 

Extras required (disk etc). 

address below. If it is not chosen for 

Mpublications 

- 

Have you sent the program to another magazine? Yes/No 

then you. i t 

Mw 

You i l may l not have written any software 

b 

yourself, 

e 

but you may have very fi rm 

opinions about the world of Commodore 

r e t u Oand 

all its attendant industries and 

rproducts. n e If you do, then put your views 

d or questions on paper and post them to us 

Dt 

again at the address below - you might 

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get paid for airing your views! 

All submissions should be sent to: 

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Date checked. C h e c k e d by: 

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Dale printed. 

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D a t e returned: 

YOUR COMMODORE 

111 

IS ALWAYS ON 

1 

Date Fee sent: 

715

1 

Vs/hat 

I 

want 

to 

-Aye' 

knfiv Nvbi„, 

A the Commodore 64 

vSpectrum 

and 

aAmstrad 

at a 

irecommended 

l 

retail price 

of E9.95. 

a 

b 

l 

e 

f 

o 

r 

cio 

why 

would 

. 

Niak anyone 

quocsitifitC,, play 

anythipg 

else? 

The most powerful 

games in the Universe 

QuicksHva Ltd., 

Liberty House, 

222 Regent Street, 

London AMR 71DB. 

01-439 0666 

Chrysalis Visual Programming Ltd. 

.• • • •

Stuart Cooke takes a look at a 

new range of disk based 

budget software. 

IF YOU'VE EVER WANTED TO BUY A 

wordprocessor, database or any other 

type of business software for use with 

your Commodore computer then you will 

have been amazed at the price. Ills not 

unheard of for over £100 to be asked for a 

wordprocessor. A few companies, 

notably Supersoft and Mastertronic, have 

produced a few cheap, 'professional' 

programs at around the f15 mark. Now a 

new range of disk based budget software 

is set to hit the streets at a price of only 

f7.99. This makes it far cheaper than a 

great deal of software that is available on 

cassette. 

So what's the drawback? A disk for 

only eight quid must have at least one 

fault. Well, there are a few corners cut in 

getting this software out so cheaply. 

There is no fancy packaging. A clear 

plastic pack is used so that the disks can 

hang on pegs in shops. There are no 

manuals with the software, the instructions 

on the packet simply tell you how to 

load the program. Finally, most of the 

programs are in Basic. 

Don't let any of the above factors put 

you off the software though. The lack of 

instructions is usually - I say usually 

because one important program has no 

instructions- overcome by very clear help 

options within the program. Even though 

many of the programs are written in Basic 

they all work extremely well and do what 

they should. In fact many of the programs 

in the range work better and look better 

than their more expensive competitors. 

The name of this new range of 

software is Load'N'Col The range is 

imported over from America. In the States 

the programs sell extremely well in 

supermarkets with a price tag of around 

$5. Who knows, we may soon be able to 

buy a Wordprocessor at the same time as 

our cornflakes. 

Load 'N'Gol software falls into a 

number of different series. The series that 

is being marketed over here at the 

moment is the 'Home Management 

Series'. A lot of this range of software 

could be put to good use in either a small 

business or at home, its main purpose is to 

make life easier for you. 

So what's the software really like? The 

best way to answer this question is to have 

a look at some of the packages 

individually. 

Love Letters 

At £7.99 Master Word must be the 

cheapest wordprocessor available. It has 

many of the functions of its dearer companions 

such as search and replace and 

the ability to set line spacing and margins. 

It does however lack the more 'up market' 

fancy bits such as page numbering and 

headers and footers Another 

Adding it up 

Door Clet.n/Jone), 

C L k 

10 

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FAICIRORIC SCHEDOLFR 

tlal,e an OVVoiAttaent 

APPOINIMERY FOR; 

RAW: S T O W COW T 

Date 

DO/07/ 

86 

i 

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Person 

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Vre5s I to LICIER aata, A to ADD tb.5 

appoiotiaent to the dicO., 0 10 

iyoe your choice here • • 

Wordprocessor is due to be released at a 

later date that will have all of these 

facilities plus many more. 

As wordprocessors go this one isn't 

particularly fancy. It will however regurgitate 

your latest masterpieces without 

complaining at all. In fact if you're not too 

good with the old pen a selection of 

Business letters (You're fired etc). Home 

letters (birthday etc) and love letters 

(Yuck!!!) are provided on the disk. 

Another program in the series is 'Personal 

Spreadsheet'. This one is a. little disappointing. 

For a start there are no clear 

instructions anywhere. There are no help 

functions, except with the different types 

of calculation. This means that the only 

way to figure out what the package does is 

to actually use it. If you have never come 

across a spread sheet before then I 

suggest that you find out what one is and 

how it works before you look at this 

program. If you have already used a 

spreadsheet then you will more than 

likely be disappointed with this package. 

80 

Basically 'Persona! Spreadsheet' is a 

glorified calculator. You can store 

numbers in the columns and rows and 

then perform simple calculations on 

them. You cannot set up formulae in 

locations as you can on other spreadsheets. 

Since a spreadsheet is supposed to 

help you if you have a lot of formulae to 

work with, I think this program is the 

biggest let down of the pack. A normal 

calculator will perform the same job as 

this program, and a lot quicker. 

On Time 

If, like me, you are always forgetting 

appointments or forgetting what time you 

are supposed to be somewhere, you will 

find 'Electronic Schedular' a must. 

This program is used for recording all 

appointments. You are asked for the 

name of the person who the appointment 

is for, this means that you could put the 

whole offices appointments into this 

program. What time and date the 

appointment is, who the appointment is 

with, where it is and any comments that 

you need. 

Once you have entered in the data you 

can search for all meetings for a certain 

person after certain dates. You can list all 

1 

II

Last nano: 0a991ss 

1 Others: 

Street: 

Cita; 

State: 

Ztecode 

tCountrS 

:Phone; 

Cosatenta 

t 

VI IbO 

1. e 

aHahhiten 

s the shire 

EMt 

LSE 

n 

iltadvt Earth 

d 

000e 

000d 401 

, 

& 

t 

r 

e 

e 

meetings between dates. It is even 

possible to print details of all meetings at a 

certain place or with certain people. 

How on earth did I ever manage 

without this one? 

Money Matters 

A couple of financial organisers are 

included in the series. These are 'Pro 

Financial Organiser' and 'Home Finance 

Organiser 1', Both disks offer checkbook 

and address list programs while the 

Financial organiser also has a calendar and 

the Home finance package has a budget 

program. 

One very nice feature in the Mail List 

manager on the Pro disk is the ability to 

code names and addresses, with say an 'F' 

for friend or 'B' for business. When you 

want to print out your labels you can then 

print them out for just one group. 

A very nice 'extra is the Christmas card 

list. For each record you must specify 

whether you want them on your christmas 

card list or not. You can then get a count 

of how many Christmas cards you will 

need and then get the computer to print 

out all the labels. 

The calendar is one of those silly 

'PLEASE GIVE ME THE YEAR' type of 

programs. You know, you give it the year 

and the month and it prints out a calendar 

for you. One extra feature is the ability to 

highlight a specific date. This would be 

great if you could highlight all dates with 

say birthdays of friends but since you can 

only highlight one day in every month this 

is probably out of the question. What a 

silly fault! 

The titles explain the functions of the 

other programs on these disks and I don't 

think that I need say anything more about 

them apart from that they work well. In 

fact if you used either of the chequebook 

programs you would know exactly how 

your finances were at any time. 

Both disks are good in certain areas. If 

you want addresses then go for the Pro 

Finance pack, if you want budgeting and 

cheques then I think that the Home 

finance pack is a little better. 

The packs are so cheap that it may well 

be worth buying both. 

More Info 

If you require more information with your 

address file then you could have a look at 

the Home and Business Card File disk. 

81 

Review 

This is very similar to the address 

programs that are mentioned above but it 

also allows fi elds for business and 

telephone numbers. I did have a few 

problems with this program. For a start 

there wasn't enough room for many of 

the addresses that I tried to enter and 

secondly they are in the American formal 

of City. State and Zip. Since the programs 

are in Basic it would only have been a 

simple task to turn these formats into 

'English'. It may even be possible to make 

the changes yourself. 

Even better than this is 'g' base. This is a 

proper database program. By proper, I 

mean that you can define your own fields 

for data entry. This means that if you 

wanted to make an address list you aren't 

stuck with ZIP etc. If you wanted you 

could even use the program to keep a 

catalogue of your records or stamps. In 

fact 'g' base can be used to store 

information about anything that you 

could put on a card. Having the information 

on computer means that it is a 

simple task to find specific details or print 

out a list etc. 

Keeping Tabs 

Obviously with disk software becoming 

so cheap the number of disks in your 

collection is bound to grow. How on earth 

are you going to keep track of them all? 

Well, 'Disk Utilities' will solve this 

problem for you. This program will store 

information on up to 300 disks. You can 

search for a specific program and you will 

be told what disk it is on. You can get a 

print out of the directories of all your 

disks. It is even possible to print out a list 

of all the IDs that you have used. As you 

are probably aware the Commodore disk 

drive uses a two digit ID to identify each 

disk. If two disks have the.same ID, the 

disk drive may not know if you swap the 

disk, thus messing up the contents. 

The list of used IDs is printed in the 

form of a grid with letters arid numbers 

being across the top and edge of the grid. 

It is now easy to mark off new disks as you 

format them. 

As well as the catalogue program there 

is also a utility program. This will allow you 

to backup disks (riot protected ones), 

format disks etc. 

At a price of only E7,99 this disk is a 

must for any disk drive owners. 

Verdict 

Most of the programs available are 

around the same quality as a good 

magazine listing. They are all functional 

and do what they set out to do without 

any frills. 

At 17.99 this software should make a 

very big impact on the home/small 

business market, perhaps with the same 

sort of impact that Mastertronic made 

when it launched its 0.99 tapes. 

Who knows, good business software at 

this price may make people start to use 

their computers for something other than 

games, this wouldn't be such a bad thing.

1.11111111r 

doommt, 

Eric Doyle has been trying I 

out a real hardware bargain. 

WHEN I READ THAT THE IBICO LIR-1 

printer claimed letter quality printing and 

that the price was less than 000, my 

immediate reaction was, to say the least, 

one of disbelief. After unpacking the 

beast I remained unimpressed, the printer 

head looked very Mickey Mouse-ish but 

when I tried printout my attitude 

changed. 

Surprisingly, the machine does 

produce letter quality and it does so in a 

very novel way. The printer head 

resembles an office date stamp. You know 

the kind, rotate the wheels to get the 

correct date, then ink the rubber-faced 

letters on a pad and stamp away. In this 

novel little printer the characters are 

carried on a cylinder which carries four 

bands of characters. At the back of the 

wheel is an inked cylinder which brushes 

against the letters as they rotate and each 

character is pressed against the paper 

when required to produce very high 

quality letters. High-tech still has a place 

for the good old principles pioneered by 

Guttenberg! 

The limitation of the printer lies in the 

fixed roller idea. The characters you get 

are the ones you're stuck with. No 

graphics screen dumps or characteristic 

Commodore symbols, just plain and 

simple alphanumerics and punctuation. 

The paper is friction fed through the 

printer with no facilities for tractor 

feeding. This means that as a cheap 

printer for wordprocessing applications it 

can use high quality, headed paper. 

Indeed, a good wordprocessor would be 

a boon to anyone owning this machine 

because it doesn't have a 'paper out' 

indicator. When the printer reaches the 

bottom of a page, the 

on l the paper and the head carries on 

platten 

printing to and fro across the same line. A 

wordpro with the facility to stipulate a 

l 

page 

o s 

length 

e s 

would overcome this fault. 

i For t most s people the main application 

gthey rwould i look p for is the ability to print 

out listings of their latest project for a 

leisurely debugging session. Obviously 

the problem here is that most listings fill 

T 

more than a sheet of A4 paper and 

estimating how many lines to a page 

would be a nightmare. I found that 

normal A4 tractor feed paper would not 

fit the platten mounting but you can buy 

paper which is A4 width including the 

perforations and this is fi ne for most 

purposes as long as the paper doesn't slip 

in the platten rollers. 

Control of the printer is limited to the 

basic character codes of the Commodore. 

For example, CHR$(10) followed by 

CHR$(13) will initiate a line feed and 

home the printer to the beginning of the 

next line. CHR$(28) sets the printer to 

normal line spacing and CHR$(29) will 

allow double spacing for extra clarity. 

The number of characters available is 

limited to 126. This includes all the alpha- 

numeric characters and punctuation 

marks. In the main these correspond to 

Commodore's version of ASCII but some 

of the characters around CHR$(90) vary. 

The most important difference is that the 

pound sign has an ASCII value of 123 

instead of 92 but a little bit of thought 

should overcome this problem. 

Despite the Heath Robinson 

appearance of the printer, the quality of 

the printout is excellent. After a while the 

letters may get a little faint or the entirity 

of their outlines become broken but this 

can be remedied by the simple application 

of more ink on the roller giving a 

result indistinguishable from the quality 

of a typewriter. 

The speed of the printer is comparable 

82 

NIPOIMIMp 

Hardware 

doosEN6 dinnoth 

to that of a daisywheel. Because the 

printer face has to move up and down the 

paper frequently, this means that a speed 

of 10-12 characters per second is the 

maximum that can be achieved. In real 

terms this means that a 60-line page of A4 

text will take about five minutes to print 

which is not too bad considering the 

quality. 

The total size of the printer is about 12 

inches by nine by two, which means that it 

takes up very little room on a desk and the 

only control is the paper advance and the 

on/off switch so it is not too complex to 

use. 

My only qualms about this machine 

are the tendency of the friction feed to 

slip and the problem of what happens 

when the print head wears down. To be 

fair, mine is a review machine which may 

have seen hard use at the hands of others 

and the resilience of the printer head 

seems to promise a fairly long life. 

The cost of the printer should be seen 

in the light of the need for a centronics 

interface. I believe Boots sell one for 

around f 20, so if you're in the market for a 

cheap printer with high quality result and 

you're willing to accept the 20th Century 

adage that budgeters can't be choosers 

then this is definitely a machine to 

consider. The only other printers at this 

price are thermal printers and with the 

cost of thermal paper these day5 it could 

be worth while considering a machine 

with low post-sales overheads, in which 

case this could be the one for you.

David Gartrell helps I 

you get your finances 

1 

in order with the help 

of your C64. 

IF YOU'RE TIRED OF 

wondering just how much 

money you've got in the bank 

and whether you're going to 

last until your next pay packet 

comes through, then look no 

further. This program can be 

used to monitor all of your incomings 

and out-goings so that 

you, and not your bank 

manager, are the first to know 

where you stand, fi nancially 

speaking. 

Introduction 

Using Budget (A you can divide 

your bank account into a 

maximum of 20 separate 

categories, each covering a 

different section of your 

finances e.g. gas, electricity. 

Before we delve into the 

workings of the program, there 

are one or two things to 

remember. The structure of the 

program is such that, when it is 

working at full capacity, it uses 

nearly all of the available 

memory. Only 2-3K remains. 

Also, from time to time, pauses 

will occur. This does not mean 

that the computer has crashed. 

Just wait for a few seconds and 

it will carry on. The delays are 

caused by the complexity of 

the program. the many 

variables used and the amount 

of memory involved. 

When the program is first 

run, you are presented with a 

title screen and a question: 

'LOAD OLD FILE Y/N'. If you 

are starting afresh, then type 

'N'. Details of loading your file 

will be explained later. 

Next the computer will ask 

you how many categories you 

wnat. These are the different 

sections of your bank account. 

Enter the number you want 

plus one, then enter their 

names. 

The first category is pre-set 

as 'MASTER SHEET' and 

combines all the others to give 

a grand balance. 

Once all the names have 

been entered, the main menu 

is displayed. Pressing a key will 

display up to three pages of 

transactions for each category. 

You have the choice of display 

on the screen, the 1520 Printer 

Plotter or a standard printer. 

The printer used when this 

program was written was a Star 

SG-10C dot matrix printer. 

However, using other printers 

should cause no problems. 

Included in the display are 

reverse characters to identify 

the origin of each transaction. 

Press the key followed by the 

character of the transaction 

which you wish to identify. 

At the bottom of the main 

menu is 'OTHER OPTIONS'. 

These are: 

ACTIVATE ACCOUNT: Enables 

you to add or subtract 

from any of your categories. 

The process is straightforward 

and simple. 

SAVE A FILE: Will save your file 

on tape. The option of an 

access code is included to 

prevent other people from 

loading your file. 

ENTER WAGE: This option can 

be used if, for instance you 

wanted to divide E100 between 

different categories. Enter the 

total amount deposited and 

press return. The amount will 

be displayed on the other 

options menu and any other 

areas where is could be useful. 

As you spread your money 

between the categories, the 

amount you entered will 

decrease. When it reaches zero 

it will disappear. 

Options E and F work 

together with option D. If you 

remove the messager from the 

UDGE 

screen, the amount will remain 

the same until you bring it 

back. 

RE 

-the 

category which you wish to 

NA re-name. Make sure that it is 

Mempty 

of money as its memory 

E will be cleared when you rename 

it. 

C 

MONEY TRANSFER: Enter the 

A 

two categories involved, then 

T 

E 

G 

I 

O 

R P 

Y R 

: O 

C 

h 

o 

o 

s 

e 

83 

Ces4 

proceed as for 'ACTIVATE 

ACCOUNT'. 

ADD A CATEGORY: Type in 

the name of the new category. 

PERFORM CALCULATIONS: If 

you want to do arty arithmetic 

you can use this option. 

Finally to load your fi le, 

press 'Y' at the start. Then enter 

your access code if you have 

one. 

1 PRINT CHRS(14):POKE 53280,9:POKE 53281,11 

2 PRINTICCLEAR,C1,RVSON,SPC16,RVSOFF,YELLOW,SB,SU,SD,65, 

6 

SE,ST)-64ERVSON,C1,SPC15r 

3 GOSH 7000 

R 

4 PRINT 

A 

1 S63ARTRELL" 

N 

CDOW 5 PRINPEDOWN,SPC11,SUOPYRIGHT (C) 1985" 

: 

N4 6 PRINT 

B 

1 17 

AS 

U 

YELLO 100WN 18 

IF AS="N'THEN OPEN 1,3:6010 24 

D 

W,SPC 4,BLA :GE 9 IF ASO"Y"THEN 7 

G 

7CK1LO 

T 10 PRINTICCLEAR,C1,RVSON,SPC15,RVSOFF,YELLOW,SL1 

E 

1AD 

A OAD A FILEIRVSON,CI,SPC141" 

T 

SCRIT OS 11 PRINT : L 

6 

TEN D I112 PRINT'IDOWN2,SEATER F 

ACCESS CODE :-103,RIENTI";:ACS="" 

4 

BFA1UP,RE 13 6ET CS:IF CSTHEN 13 

YI E 

SLWD,CT40 14 IF CS=CHRS(13)TNEN 16 

PE C 

, ? I,C6r 

15 ACS=ACS+CS:PRINT":";:GOTO 13 

16 ACS=ACSOICLEARP 

S D: 

I-T A V 

I IH 17 OPEN 1,1,0,ACS:DIM AS(21),DAS(21,50),DE(21,50) 

SD P1 

SCE 18 DIM NI(21 

P5 , C 

, SN . 19 PRINT"[HOME,00WN31":FOR I=1 TO 20:PRINT*E6PC391 

20 Y 1 

/ 7 

10), 1 INPUTOI,A 

21 8Al21,50 

:NEXT FOR B=1 TO A:INPUT01,AS(81:INPUT01,ROVID 

E 

),ROI(21 

S:FOR NBB=1 

TO ROUB)-1:INP1JT01,DAS(8,BB) 

1 

), 

1 

1XS(21,5 

0)

22 INPUT11,DE(8,9B):INPJ711,W1(E,BB):INPUTOI,BA(B,BB 

:INPUT11,XXSIB,8E:NEXT 88,8 

23 CLOSE 1:0PEN 1,3:GOTO 35 

24 PRINTIECLEAR,C1,RVSON,SPO16,YELLOW,RVSOFF,S9,SU,S0,SG, 

SE,ST)-64(O1,RVSON,SPC15) 

25 60SUB 1 7000 

26 PRINT'IDOWN3,8LACK,STME MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CATEGORIES 

YOU CAN 

27 PRINT'EUNHAVE IS TWENTY." 

28 PRINT'EDOWN2,CYAN,SN10. OF CATEGORIEP:INPUT A 

:IF A(1 OR A)20 THEN PRINT'CUP,SPC12,UP4P:GOTO 28 

29 DIM 141(21),DAS(21,50DE(21,50),11(21,501,BA(21,50), 

ROV21),XXS(21,50) 

30 AS(I):"ISCASTER SHEEP:FOR B=1 TO A:ROZ(8)=1:NEXT 

31 PRINT'EDOWN2,SCHTEGORY 1 HAS BEEN AUTOMATICALLY SET 

AS:-ISPC,9VSON,SM1ASTER SHEET' 

32 IF A=1 THEN 35 

33 PRINT"IDOWN2,C61":FOR B=2 TO A:PRINTNESUATEGORY "B" 

:-IDOWN,C7MINPUT AM) 

34 PRINT"IUP,SPC36,UP3,C63 

135 

PRINTICLEAR,C1,RVSON,5PC16,RVSOFF,YELLOW,SM,SA,SI,SN, 

:NEXT SPC,SM,SE,SN,SU,RVSON,C1,SPC151" 

36 PRINT"CRED,UP,CT40,WHITEr 

37 DEF FNUKL)=INT(KL11004-.5)/100 

38 S=1:GOSUB 112 

39 PRINT TAB(I1)"ICE"CHRS(065)" = OTHER OPTIONS.' 

40 PRINT"(WHITE,RVSON,SC,SH,S02,SS,SE,RYSOFF]:-" 

41 131=":6ET BS:IF Bl="THEN 41 

42 X=ASC(B11-64:IF 11(1 OR X)44.1 THEN 41 

43 IF X=A+1 THEN 114 

44 PRINT'ICLE4R,DOWN2,SCH1CH PAGE :- 1, 2 OR 3' 

45 GOSUB 355:PRINPEDOWN,SCIURRENT PAGE :-'Al 

46 GET All:IF VAL(A11)(1 OR VAL(AIWA1 THEN 46 

47 GOSUB 350 

48 A3=A2 

449 

PRINT'IOLEAR,D0WN3IDISPLAY ON :-" 

15:IF 50 PRINT'IDOWNL3 = SCREEW:PRINT"4 =ISPC,SPNINTER" 

R :PRINT"6 0 V = 1520ISPC,SPAINTER/ISHLOTTER" 

W 51 GET = YS:IF A YS"THEN 51 

3 52 IF YS="4"THEN CLOSE 1:0PEN 1,4,7:PRINT11 

T1:GOTO H 57 

ECHRS(14) 53 IF N Y1="3"THEN GOTO 57 

A 

54 IF 

3 

Y10"6"THEN 

= 

51 

R 

55 CLOSE 

0 

1:0PEN 1,6 

7 

56 OPEN 

I ( 

6,6,6:PRINT16,1:0PEN 2,6,1 

57 GOSUB 207 

X ) - 

59 IF 9="3"THEN PRINT11 

1 

59 PRINTII:PRINTI1,'EBLACK,UP3,SPC2IDETAILSISPC4IDEPOSIT 

[SPCDWITHORAWL BALANCE" 

60 PRINT11, 

161 IF Y1='4"THEN PRINT11,OHRS(15):CLOSE 1 

62 GOTO 68 

63 FOR P=1 TO ROX(X):DAS(X,P-1)=DA1(X,P1 

64 DEiX,P-1)=DECX,P1:11I(X,P-1)=W11X,P) 

65 BAtX,P-11=BA(X,P) 

66 XXSCX,P-1)=XXSIX,P):NEXT 

67 RETURN 

68 FOR B=42 TO A3 

69 IF Y10"4"THEN 74 

70 GOSUB 321:PRINT11," "DA$3,8):PRINT112,PBS 

:PRINT13,DE(X,B) 

71 PRINT12,POI:PRINT13,1I(X,9):PRINT12,PE1 

:PRINT13,'[RVSON]"XXVX,BrIRVSOFFY 

72 PRINT12,P91:PRINT13,BACX,B1 

73 CLOSE 1:CLOSE 2:CLOSE 3:CLOSE 6:PRINT110:CLOSE 10 

:GOTO 89 

74 P1=11:P2=19:P3=29 

75 LK=BA(X,9):6OSUB 264 

76 IF Y1="6"THEN GOTO 302 

77 GOSUB 281 

78 IF Y1="6"THEN PRINT12,"M",12,0:PRINT11,DAUX,B); 

:WO 81 

79 PRINT01," "DAUX,B); 

80 IF 9=4"THEN OPEN 1,3 

81 IF YS="6"THEN PRINT12,"M",132,0:PRINTII,PSDES06OTO 83 

82 PRINTII,TABCP1)DES: 

83 IF YS="6"THEN PRINT12,W,228,0:PRINT11,01W11::G0TO 85 

94 PRIN111,1AB(P2)W11; 

85 IF YS6"THEN PRINT12,4 

1 :GOTO 87 

, 86 PRINT11,TA8(29ERVSONI 

351,0:PRINT11,XXC 

. B7 IF Y1='6"THEN PRINT12,4",349,0:PRINTII,R4BMGOTO 89 

X,B); XXS(X,B)":RVSOFF2"; 

BB PRINT11,TAB(P3)BAS 

89 NEXT 

90 IF Y1= 

191 

IF Y1='6'THEN FOR 1=1 TO 7:PRINT11:NEXT:CLOSE 6:CLOSE 2 

4ITHEN :CLOSE 1:0PEN 1,3 

O92 PRINT P ETAB114)"IYELLOW,RVSON,SP,SR,SE.SS2] 

'I' ISK,SE, 

N SY1' 

1 93 PRINTICRYSON,RI6HT6,SP,SR,SE,SS2,SPCFUISPC,SF 

, 

31 

S0,SR, 

94 GET AS:IF AS="THEN 94 

95 IF AS="1•THEN 105 

96 IF A$0 

19? 

PRINT'INOME,DOWN23,SPC39/' 

98 8 INPUT 

199 

1 IF K1=',"THEN 35 

CHOME, 

100 THEN IF KS="THEN 97 

D0WN2 101 9 IF 4LENO3)=1 

AND ASC(K1)

CI34 

113 NEXT:RET11RN 

:ACS=":GOSUB 279:GOSUB 166 

114 PRINT 

158 PRINT: OPEN 1,1,1,ACI 

• SR: ISO,SF,ST,SI,SC,Sk.SS,RVSDK,C1.SFC17:" 

CCLEAR 

SOSUB 7000 

,RVSDN 

:F 4W=1 AN: YY=0 'FEN 4=0 

,C1,SFC :F 4=1 THEN LK=YY:GOSUB 264:PRINT'CUP,YELLOW,RVSON, 

14,RVS 

SICAGE LEFT :- 11"BAS 

118 

OFF.Y2 

PRINT TAB(8)'EDOWN,C8,SPC1A =ISPC,SA1CTIVATE ACCOUNT.' 

LL2W.S 

:PRINT TAMP 

119 PRINT 

C.F,SH, 

. B TAM)* C =ISPC,SEETURN TO MAIN MENU." 

S:. 

= :PRINT I STAB(81 P C 

120 PRINT ,SEAV 

1 D TAPS)" E =ISPC,SCANCEL WA5E MESSEAGE.' 

121 PRINT E = I STAB18I' P C F =ISPC,SUNABLE WAGE MESSAGE.' 

122 PRINT A ,SENT TAM)" G =ESPC,SR1E-NAME CATEGORY.' 

123 PRINT 

FE R I 

TAM)" H =ESPC,SMANEY TRANSFER.' 

124 PRINT 

LW EATABI81' 

I =ESPC,SAIDD A CATEGORY.' 

125 PRINT TAB18' J = RE-RUN PROGRAM." 

. G 'E 

126 PRINT 

. " 

TABUS)" K =ISPC,SPIERFORM CALCULATIONS.' 

127 PRINT"CWHITE,DOWN,RVSON,SC,SH,S02,SS,SE,RVSOFF,SPC-• 

159 PRINT 

1160 

PRINT111,A:FOR B=1 TO A:IF AS1B)=""THEN ASIB)="1C41." 

CHOME, 

161 PRINTII,AVB):PRIN'01.R07.1):FOR 88=1 TO R07.(8)-1 

00WN71 

162 IF DAS(13,810=""THEN DA41,1381="IC411181ACC" 

":FOR 163 IF XXS(8,88)=""THEN XXS(8,B11)=N:C411IBLACK1" 

I 164 PRINTII,DAS(B,BP:PRINTE,DEI,BP:PRINTII,W118,BE0 

= 

1 :PRINT111,BA(8,11B) 

T165 

PRINT11,XX$1,88):NEXT BB,B:CLOSE 1:0PEN 1,3:GOTO 114 

O 166 IF LEFTCACI,11="CCLEARrTHEN ACS=MIDUAC4,11:RETURN 

167 ACS=ACSOCCLEARP:RETURN 

2 0 : P 

R 

168 ON 

I N 

VAUBS16O1O 

T 

169,183,114 

" 

169 

I 

PRINT'EDOWN2,CYAN,SA1MOUNMINPUT 

S P 

DE(X,ROX(X1) 

170 IF DE(X,ROVX11=

2113 °RINTCLEAR,CI,RVSON,GPC12,YELLOW,RVSOFF.ERE-NAME 

2ATEGORYERVSON,CI,SPC121" 

04 GOSH 7000 

L15 PRINEDOWN2,YELLOW,SPIRESENT CATEGORY ”11 

, :PRINT"CRYSOWASIX) 

"' 206 PRINT"CDOWN7,6REEMENTER I S 

NEW CATEGORY "BE :-" 

:INPUT AS(X)0TO 114 

:07 PRINTHICLEAR,C1,RVSON,SPC40r 

20B O=LEN(ASIX)1:00=!40-00t2:IF YS="4"THEN PRINTS1, 

TABICIOI;;GOTO 210 

209 PRINT'IHOE:FOR 01=1 TO OO:PRINT41,"IRVSON,SPC1": 

:NEXT 

210 PRINTSWIYELLOWPASIX):GOSUB WO:RETURN 

21: PRINT'ICLEAR,C1,RVSON,SPC11,RVSOFF,YELLOW,5M 

ONEY TRANSFERMSON,CI,SPC17r 

30SUB 7000 

211 S=2:GCSUB 112:PRINT'ISMANSFER FROM CATEGORY :-"; 

:INPUT C$ 

214 IF CS=""THEN 114 

21! PO=ASC(CS)-64:GOSU8 260 

216 C=ASC(CS)-64:IF BA(C,R07.IC)-1!>0 THEN 219 

217 PRINT'ECLEAR,DOWN9,YELLOW,RVSON,RIGHT8.SN,SO,GPC,GM, 

SO,SN,SE,SY,SPC,SF,SO,SR,SPC,ST,SR,SA,SN,SS,SF,SE.SRP 

218 :FOR 1=1 TO 1500:NEXT:GOTO 114 

219 PRINT"ICLEAR,CI,RVSON,SPC13,RVSOFF,YELLOW,SM] 

ONEY TRANGFERIRVSON,C1,SPC133" 

220 GOSH 7000 

221 S=2:61151111 112:PRINT"ESTIO CATEGORY :-"; 

. 222 IF CCS=""THEN 114 

:INPUT 223 PR=ASC(CCS)-64:GOSUB 262 

224 PRINT"ICLEAR,CIAVSON,SPC13,RVSOFF,YELLOW,SM), 

ONEY TRANSFERERYSON,CI,SPC13r 

225 G1SUB 7000 

226 C=ASCICS)-64:CC=ASC(CCS)-64 

227 PRINT'IDOWN,WHITE,SURANSFER FROM :-• 

:PRINT"ERVSOM1"AS(C) "IRVSOFF,SPCNOISPC,RVSONrAUCC) 

229 1.10414IC,ROXIC)-11:60SUB 264 

229 PRINT"!DOWN247,SM1ONEY IN ACCOUNT :- I"BAS 

230 PRINT"ECOWN2,CYAN,SAJNOUN1 :-":INPUT WIIC,ROXIC)1 

231 IF WIIC,RNICI)="0"AND MIDEBAS,LENIBAS)-1, 

.00":60TO 110"."THEN 277 2 

276 BAS=BA$+"0" 

7 7 

277 8AEMIDSIBAE2):RETURN 

278 GET CS:IF CS="'"HEN 278 

277 IF C1=2HRSI13THEN RETURN 

280 ACS=ACECEPRINT"I";:GOTO 278 

281 IF LEN1DES)=4 THEN P1=P1+5 

282 IF LENIDES)=5 THEN P1=P14-4 

283 IF LENIDEV=6 THEN P1=P1+1 

284 IF LEN(DES)=7 'HEN P1=P1+2 

265 IF LENIDESA THEN P1=P1+1 

286 IF LEN(WIS1=4 THEN P2=P2+5 

287 IF LEN1WIS)=5 THEN P2:P2+4 

288 IF LENNIS)=6 THEN P2=P2+3 

28 

7 290 IF LENNIV=8 THEN P2=P2+1 

I271 

IF LEN(BAS1=4 THEN P34146 

F 292 IF LENI9AS)=5 'HEN P3=P3+5 

L293 

IF LENIEAC=6 THEN P3=P3+4 

E294 

IF LEN(BAS)=7 THEN P3=P3+3 

N29! 

IF LENIBAS):8 THEN P3=P3+2 

I296 

IF LENIBAS1=9 THEN P3=P3+I 

W297 

IF LENIDES)=1 THEN P1=P1+6 

I298 

IF LENNIE:3 THEN P2=P2+6 

S299 

IF LENIBASI=3 THEN P3=P3+7 

) 301 RETURN 

= 12 IF LEN:DEC:5 THEN PS="ISPC4I" 

7 30: IF LEN(DES)=6 THEN PS="ISPC1P 

T304 

IF LENIDEV=7 THEN PS="ESPC2r 

H385 

IF LENIDES)=9 THEN PS:" 

E 

306 IF LEN(WIS)=4 THEN OWESFC51" 

N 

P 

2 

= 

P 

2 

+

CE4 

307 Ir LENNIS)=5 THEN 08: 

:-IRVSOFF,BLACKY 

308 1 IF LENNI3)=6 THEN OWCSPC31" 

309 (SPC4r IF LENINI$1:7 THEN O1ESPC21" 

310 IF LENNIS)=8 THEN OW • 

334 PRINT"! LISPC,5COOK:PRINT"2 =ESPC,SEUBTRACT" 

:PRINT*3 mISPC,SMEILTIPLYI:PRINT"4 :ISPC,SEIVIOE" 

:PRINT'S :ISPC,SANSWERIDOWN2r 

311 IF LEN(E4114:4 THEN RWISFTE" 

335 GET CS:IF CW"THEN 335 

312 IF LEN(BAS).f THEN RWISPC51" 

736 IF C$0"5•THEN INPUT CZ 

31: IF LEN(814)6 THEN RWESH41• 

314 IF LEN(8AS)=7 THEN RW[SPC7r 

337 ON VAL(CEGOTO 338,339,340,341,342 

378 C1:- 

315 IF LEN(BASJ=8 THEN RWESPC21" 

-739 

CI:C1-C2:GOTO 332 

316 IF ,IN(BAC=9 THEN R$=" 

C14.C 340 CI.C11C2:GOTO 332 

317 IF LENiDES). 

2:GOT 741 CI:Cl/C2:GOTO 332 

, 318 IF LENNIS123 THEN OW[SPC6]* 

319 4 THEN IF LEN(RAS)=3 THEN RWISPC7r 

320 P GOTO W [ 78S 

P 

321 C PAW 5 ) AAAAAAAAP:PEWESPOUNIAP 

" 

322 PBS=PCSPC1IN9999.99" 

323 POWISPC21)99999.9?" 

O 342 LOCI:GOSH 264:PRINPEC3,RVSON,SA,8N,SS,SW,SE,9R,9PC) 

3 :-CBLACK,RVSOFFI 3 

'JO 

2343 

PRINT"DOWN,SPC8,Srli =ISPC,SM 

1 ISPC,SR,SE,ST,SU,SR,SNY 

SO,SR,SE,SPC5,SFL3 

344 GET CS:IF CW"THEN 344 

345 IF NeEFIrTHEN 331 

324 POWISPO31199999.99" 

IF CI eEF3I"THEN SOTO 114 

:25 PFWISPC39111" 

350 IF AIS= 

326 OPEN 3,4,1:0PEN 6,4,60PEN 10,4,10 

93: 

327 OPEN 2,4,2 

14 

352 IF 413"THEN A2=33A3:46 

328 OPEN 1,4,7:PRINTII,CHRS(14) 

1 353 RETURN 

329 PRINT46,CHRS(0):RETURN 

THEN I355 

IF ROZON18 THEN A1=1:RETURN 

330 PRINT'IBLACK,CLEARY 

331 INPUT"IBLACK,CLEARYtC1 

332 : 

333 PRINT'[DOWN,C3,RVS0N,SC,SH,S02,SS,SE] 

AF 356 2 IF : ROW).13 1 : THEN A1=2:RETURN 

A A357 

3 IF = RO(X))32 1 THEN A1:3:RETURN 

61 

7000 PPINT•CUP,REO,CTOP:RETURN 

i 

2 

* 

T 

• 

:r • r • H• 

, 

• - 

.••:r E 

4*****01WW•WiRVAiKWai 

• s N 

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Whatever your interest in the 

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HAVE YOU EVER WANTED TO GET INTO 

communications? Would you like to get 

in touch with other Commodore owners? 

Well, Your Commodore, together with 

Compunet, are pleased to announce the 

start of Club 128, and give you a chance of 

a special membership offer. 

Club 128 will appear on Compunet asa 

'free access area open to all CNET 

subscribers. 

The club will be the focal point for all 

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128 doesn't mean that owners of C64s 

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Many sections of Compu net are due 

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including the 'Briefcase' business section 

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Your Commodore will have a 

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where you will be able to find news and 

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The Offer 

So what do you get and what does it cost? 

Your Commodore is offering a special 

membership to the Club for f69,99 

(inc VAT and P&P in the UK) including: 

A Commodore 64/C128 Communications 

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In order to take advantage of this 

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Pit Stop II t 4 . e 9 

Winter Games E 4 • 9 9 

Theatre Europe , E l . 5 0 

rankle Goes To Hollywood E3 .5 0 

The Fourth Protocol E 3 50 

Spitfire 40 E 4 . 5 0 

Spitfire Ace e 1 . 9 9 

Jump Jet E 3 50 

Ace E l 50 

O e 

a 

t 

t 

THE 

o 

OPEN Golf Game. Plus 4 or 

E 

C16 (tram), Sound, colour 

B 6 

graphics . E1.95. Cheque/P.O. to 

WC. l 

2Showell, 

3 Silver Birches, 

Elstead, o 5 Surrey, 

o d 

Zaskon L 2 . 5 0 

Rock n Wrestle 1 4 §9 

This e3 lu st a Sm a ll selection fro m o u r 

Stock Se n d now fo r our latest 

Cheque.iP Q.s to 

CLAIRES COMPUTERS 

16 Treganoon Road, Mount 

Ambrose, Redruth, Cornwall 

TR15 10Z. Tel: 0209 211930. 

FOR YOUR SOFTWARE NEEDS 

m 

f 

i 

e 

l 

i 

s 

k SOFTWARE TO SELL! 

, 

EFOR 

ADVERTISING DETAILS PHONE 

4 

. DUNCAN NEILSON ON 01-437-0626 

d 0 

S 

o 

0 

t 

a 

f p 

t 

e 

. 

YOUR COMMODORE 

01-437 0699 

EXT. 291 

COMMODORE REPAIRS 

Commodore rape rs by Commodore 

approved e n g in e e rs R e p a ir p rice s: 

Vic 2 0 mueslis:tor EOM . Vic 2 0 E15.00. 

OBM 64 from C20.00 C2N from Et a p 1541 

Irons £20.00. C5 4 psu E13.50. Spectrum 

E16,50. Cesoon E32.00 Electrons, Ala n . 

For more i-formalinn SAP nr felephone: 

G.C. BuNCE & SON, 

36 Burlington Road, Burnham, 

Bucks S11 7E30. 

Tel: (06286) 51695. 

Siam-Epal Mon-Fri. 

GENERAL 

Send your requirements to: 

STUART TAYLOR 

ASP LTD, 1 GOLDEN SQUARE, 

LONDON W1 

REPAIRS 

BUY OR SELL your unwanted 

software, booKs and hardware. We 

put you oire-ctly in contact with 

each other in your area, Details: 

Second Hand Computer Sales 

Agency. 38. Bowling Alley Walks, 

Dorchester. Dorset. Tel (0305) 

64849 (24 hrS). 

DISCS 

FREE DISKS !!! 

For every 10 ordered we supply 11 

SSiDD E10.99 SSIOD E13.19 

DS/DD E13.19 DS/OD E15.39 

3 

SiSide E27.49 

1 

DISide E32.99 

All prices INCLUDE 

/ 

VAT 

Delivery is FREE 

All disks guaranteed 2 for 12 months 

Cash with order " please to 

HOLLBARN Ltd., Dept CM1, 

8 Alexander Road, Stotfold, 

Hilchin, Herts. SG5 4NA. 

''MR FLOPPY" Discs. The 

Universal discs will work reliably 

on ANY drive. DiS CID 961pi 

80tr. 10 for E15, 25 E35, 50 E65, 

lifetime warranty. SantellSoft, 

10 Pennine Drive, NVV2 1PB, 458 

1491. Unbranded discs D/S80tr, 

10 for E12, Prices inclusive. 

EPROM 

PROM-64 

EPROM programmer for 8K. 18K, 

LIF socket. Vpp generator & 

software on tape E 3 4 . 7 5 

64-CARTridge, 2 8K E5.95 

DEMO EPROM 8K E 4 . 9 5 

DHOE1-2 EPROM eraser 02.95 

1 5'.e. VAT 

Cambridge Microelectronics 

One Milton Road, Cambridge 

CBI 

Tel: (0223) 314914 Tlx: 81574 

TRIDENT ENTERPRISES 

LTD 

Commodore 64 -El& Vic 20 

- E12.50, Spectrum - 

E10.50, QL - E313. 1541 Disk 

Drives - E20, and all Commodore 

systems. Send faulty 

machine with note describing 

fault to: 

UNIT 7, WENTWORTH INDUSTRIAL 

COURT.. GOODWIN ROAD, BRITWELL. 

SLOUGH TEL : 0753 2139 

1 

Overseas enquiries welcom e. 

(Above p n ce s are e xclu sive o f 

pants and VAT). 

HARDWARE 

Super Breaker 

Back-Up Board 

For thy Gommoccre 64, C8f.,1 t28 

VIC-20. When a second CEIM type cassette 

u n it is connected to the board 

will m a ke se cu rit y baCk-up Copies o f 

cassette b a se d So ftwa re , in clu d in g 

Turbo, 

, Machine C o d e a n d D a t a File s N o 

Fast 

additional so ftwa re is needed. Ve ry 

User Frie n d ly. t h e b a ck-u p co p y is 

Lmade o aon 

the second cassette while the 

doeginal e r is loading on the fi rst Price at 

s E8 . 95 Plu s P&P. 

B 

RESET CARTRIDGE for ce m 84. This 

a 

cartridge will reset a ll, ye s a ll. memory 

sresident i p ro g ra m s. In clu d in g a ll p ro - 

c prams where standard reset switch e s 

fail Price E7 95 - P&P. 

a 

nP&P 

55p U K (Europe add E1.00, e lse - 

dwhere 

add E2.001. Se n d cfl e q u e 

/ , 

order, or a Vamp for details to: 

opoStal 

C. Kent, 28 Northcape Walk, 

r Corby, Northants, NN18 900. 

For enquiries lelephone (0536) 742622 

SPORT 

Horse form CBM . 

graphics/sound. 6.1-• printer/screen 

Output. - Save-load 2 8 ra ce tiles, e a sy data 

entry. Fo r the m ore d isce rn in g Hal 

racing m en H o rse Torn, g ive s 

winners (7 , 9 5 cassette. 

Otieque 

, SEESAW SOFTWARE. 

Soy No . 212, Ye Arg u s Sp e cia list 

P0 

Peelications, No . 1 . Go ld e n Square, 

London W1 R 3A13. 

When replying to 

classified advertisements 

readers are recommended 

to take steps to protect 

their interest before 

sending money.

Advertisements placed in this magazine are to be in strict compliance with our standard conditions (copies of which 

conditions are available on request) and on the clear understanding that the advertiser warrants that his 

advertisement(s) does not infringe any copyright or condition of sale of any interested party in the advertised 

product. 

Further, the advertiser indemnifies the proprietors of this magazine in respect of costs, damages, or any other claims 

brought against them as a result of legal action arising from the publication of the advertisement. 

Any breach of these terms or the said conditions may result in prosecution of the advertiser by the proprietors 

FOR MIRE 

HIRE H I R E 

STAFFS COMPUTER LIBRARY 

CBM 64 OWNERS 

Join the friendly Library. We give you what you want. If a title 

is not on our list then we will get it, if it's still available. 

iGames only) 

• All the latest Titles 

• Full 7 Days Hire 

• Low Hire Cost. From 75p 

• Up to 4 Games per week 

• All games original 

• Lots of American Titles 

• Low Hard and Software prices 

• Membership ONLY £5.00 

Free mic Monitor on joining 

Send your cheques/postal orders payable to; 

STAFF COMPUTERS 

The Newlands, Greensome Lane, Stafford 

COMMODORE 64 cassette 

library. Hire latest games and 

educational software, only one 

price £1.50 per cassette 7 days 

hire. Details S.A.E. please C.C.L., 

19 Darrell Way, Abingdon. 0)(14 

1 Ha 

TERMS 

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING 

TERMS & CONDITIONS 

Our te rms for ne w a dve rtise rs (se midisplay 

a nd line a ge ) a re strictly protorma 

pa yme nts until sa lisla ctory 

reference ca n be taken up (e xcluding 

recognised a dve rtising a ge ncie ll. 

Cheques a nd PO's M ould be crosse d 

and made payable la , 

ARGUS SPECI ALI ST PUBI CATI ONS 

LTD., 

and send together with the 

advertisement to, 

THE CLASSI FI ED DEPT., U K 

NO: 1 GOLDEN SQUARE, LONDON. 

WiR 3 AB. 

There a rt no reimbursements for 

cancellations. Advertisements a rriving 

too isle for a pa rliclula r issue will be 

Inserted I n he totovoing issue unle ss 

accompanied by I nstructions to the 

contrary. 

All a dve rtising pa le , a re subje ct to 

Government re gula tion' conce rning 

VAT. Adve rtise rs a re re sponsible for 

complying with the va rious loge l 

requirements in lyre s e g. The Tra de 

Description Act, Se x Discrimina tion 

Act 4 The Busine ss Adve rtise me nt' 

(Disclosure) Orde r 1977. 

FULL TER M S & C ON D I TI ON S OF 

A0vER rsI N G AVAI L ABL E ON 

REOLeEST 

FOR SALE 

MOONRAKER E7.95 

COMM Space Game features fest 

afty-into Rolling Roder Display 

*intro Red Target Screlin 

Altitude, Time, Score indicators, 

Fuel/Psychos* Option, Promotion. 

Send your name, address 11. POrchequelM 

& J Gilmour Ltd., 

Dept 'WOW 4 Copes Clove, Use, 

Hampshire OU33 YEW, England. 

Tei: 0030-11113430. 

WARNING NOTICE 

VIC-20/CBM-64 

SOFTWARE HIRE 

Free M embership. Hundreds of Title s 

to choose from Se nd 5 A E lot your 

Free Hire Kil 

VSH (YU), PO BOX 65., NOTTINGHAM NO' 

SOFTWARE 

APPLICATIONS 

HOME ACCOUNTS 

Put your house in order! 

Probably home computing's 

best use! Comprehensive 

coverage of bank accounts. 

Credit cards, HP in-built 

accuracy check. Records all 

transactions, Protects cashflow 

for any period ahead 

Available for Complete Commodore 

Range. E.8.45 or free 

details from: 

Discus Software 

Freepost 

Beach Approach 

Brixham TO5 8BR 

Tel: 08045 55532 

TO ADVERTISE IN THE ONLY 

INDEPENDANT COMMODORE 

MAGAZINE 

PHONE DUNCAN NEILSON NOW 

ON 01-437-0626 

HARDWARE 

* BACK-UP-SYSTEMS FOR CBM-64 & VIC-20 * 

The BACK-UP-BOAHO M h I is the fastest. and easiest wa y to ba ck up your tape 

programs. With this board you ca n connect a se cond CBM cassette cheek to your 

computer. You can copy a program on the second deck while the original loads from 

the first. You ca n back up a ll fast loaders, data files, e tc. BACK-UP-BOARD M k. I 

E10 DO inc. P&P. 

BACK-UP-BOARD M k. 2 This new verSiOn at our famous BACK-UP•BOARD is now 

proving so popular it is outselling our original M k. 1. This new board now works two 

ways. Switched to 'NORM AL it operates as the M k. 1 Switche d to 'GENERATE* , 6 4 ' 

ownerS can use our special transfer software to regeneratea Copy Oa program on the 

second deck as it loads from the first. This method can produce a better clualityCopy 

than the original BACK-UP-BOARD M k 2 & Software E14 50 inc. PAP Conve rsion 

service. Return your M k. 1 Boa rd, if purchased from us, to be modified to M k 2 for 

E4 50 including software & P&P. 

AZIM UTH HEAD ALIGNM ENT TAPE by INTERCEPTOR for 641'. Use this le st tape 

with your '5 4 

-instructions 

and scre wdrive r supplied. E8.50 inc. PAP 

10 ROM SWITCH/RESET BOARD. Fit this board in the expansion pert or your '64' and 

a 

yOu 

d 

ca 

i u 

n reset 

s t 

ALL programs. Resets programs that a standard reset switch ca n't. A 

%ockel f o r a 2754 BK eprom is also fitted. Fu ll in stru ctio n s supplied £ 8 .9 5 Inc P&P 

t h e 

Please send SAE for more details of the above products. Send your cheque/PO to. 

h e a 

TURBOTRONIC 

d s 

o46 

Ripon SI., Parkinson Lane, Halifax, West Yorkshire HX1 3UG. 

f 

Tel: (0422) 52020 

y o (Europe add 50p outside Europe add E1.50) 

u r 

d e 

c k 

s 

tFOR 

A POSITIVE 

GAMES 

o RESPONSE! 

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a PHONE FOR A 

k 

e COMPREHENSIVE 

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e c PLAN ON 

t l 

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WORD DEALER, an exciting 

word game for up to four 

players. Four play levels too! 

Send cheque/P.O. E125 to R. 

Porter, Woodside House. Abbey 

Road, Scone, Perthshire, PH2 

8LL (C16 and plus/4). 

h 

e UTILITIES 

COPY 

d 

p 

DEADLINES 

a 

The long awalled 1541 Utility Disc 

i 

V1 .4!!! 

r 

As . we promised It features: 

• oisc P copier V1 2 

'r 

u 

lo copie r V1 2 copie s file d up to 196 

blocks long, 

• Ml enu drive n disc aid system with 12 

useful l commands. 

• Autoboot utility. 

• Program address reader 

- Qua lity packing arid documentaliOn, 

FOR YOUR 

COMMODORE 

All I bis tor rust E.9.95 on disc including 

1st cla ss post packing and VAT 

Please make chaquetP.O. payable lo 

AURASOFT (Dept Mi) 

4 Ash Grove, Nelson, CS4 66LR• 

AUG — 2nd MAY 

SEPT — 24th JUNE 

OCT — 28th JULY 

NOV — 26th AUG 

DON'T MISS OUT 

PHONE 01-437-0626 

FOR DETAILS 

GADGET 64 E6.95 

This 100% machine coat C1111164 

coseette utilIty theirs: Append, Dekne, 

Renumber Withering Got% Golub. etc.) 

Satisfyingly simple to use- Send your 

Nome, Address a PO or Cheque tor 

(PIP Frei) to 

& J Gilmour Ltd,. 

Dept TC4/08, 4 Copse Close, uss, 

Illempohlre 0U33 TEW. England. 

Tel: 07304113430,

FEATURING 

4 built-in 18-hole championship 

courses in both "3D AND PLAN VIEW" 

Wentworth Old Course. The Belfry 

Sun ningdale • Royal St Georges 

0,1 t t 

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06a 

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Get 

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Oll 

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DM/Ingot, ermillfhp 

tee. 

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- 

P L 

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ucompetition! 

n Win E500 worth 

i of golf equipment, 

a (or cash equivalent). 

M Full details with cassette or disk. 

t 

PLUS + + + + + + + + + + + 

• An easy to use Construction Set 

enabling you to build and play on 

any course in the world or an 

imaginary one of your own design in 

"3D AND PLAN VIEW" 

• Up to 4 players 

• Save game feature 

STRUCTION SET 

r An extremely sophisticated, authentic 

and exciting golf simulation program. 

VARIABLE FEATURES INCLUDE:- 

• Save Handicap feature-as you 

improve so does your handicap • sP 4 

• Wind 

(0 

speed, temperature V r 0\ 

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• 6- Choice 6 eof 

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• Lie of the ball 

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PLUS YOUR CHOICE OF PRACTICIIRODE/TOURNAMENT PLAY OR \ MATCH PLAY 

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GET YOUR COPY OF encould- CON5 RUCTIONS • Tr NOW 

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made Out to Ariolasoft U.K. Ltd., including your own name and 

. o vaddress, 

yto Arlolasoft o U.K. u Ltd., BB r Long Acre, crossed London cheque/ WC2E BM. 

-The 

Golf Construction Set C64 disk Elli.95 

a 

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orders only. Prices Include P & P. Please allow 28 days for delivery. 

lP. 

The Golf Construction Set C64 Twin Cassette E12.95 

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