Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram and Working Principle

Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram
and Working Principle

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Introduction
 An infrared sensor is an electronic device, that emits in order to sense
some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an
object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only
infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR
sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form
of thermal radiations.
 These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, that can be detected by
an infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting
Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to
IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR
light falls on the photodiode, The resistances and these output voltages,
change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

IR Sensor Circuit Diagram

IR Sensor Circuit
 An infrared sensor circuit is one of the basic and popular sensor module in an
electronic device. This sensor is analogous to human’s visionary senses, which
can be used to detect obstacles and it is one of the common applications in real
time. This circuit comprises of the following components
 LM358 IC 2 IR transmitter and receiver pair.
 Resistors of the range of kilo ohms.
 Variable resistors.
 LED (Light Emitting Diode).

Working Principle of IR Sensor
 When the IR receiver does not receive a signal
 The potential at the inverting input goes higher than that non-inverting
input of the comparator IC (LM339).
 Thus the output of the comparator goes low, but the LED does not glow.
 When the IR receiver module receives signal to the potential at the
inverting input goes low.

Working Principle of IR Sensor
 Thus the output of the comparator (LM 339) goes high and the LED
starts glowing.
 Resistor R1 (100 ), R2 (10k ) and R3 (330) are used to ensure that
minimum 10 mA current passes through the IR LED Devices like
Photodiode and normal LEDs respectively.
 Resistor VR2 (preset=5k ) is used to adjust the output terminals.
 Resistor VR1 (preset=10k ) is used to set the sensitivity of the circuit
Diagram.

Different Types of IR Sensors and Their Applications
 IR sensors are classified into different types depending on the applications.
 The speed sensor is used for synchronizing the speed of multiple motors.
 The temperature sensor is used for industrial temperature control.
 PIR sensor is used for automatic door opening system.
 Ultrasonic sensor are used for distance measurement.

IR Sensor Applications
 IR sensors are used in various Sensor based projects and also in various
electronic devices which measures the temperature that are discussed in the
below.
 Radiation Thermometers.
 Flame Monitors.
 Moisture Analyzers.
 Gas Analyzers.
 IR Imaging Devices.

Radiation Thermometers
 IR sensors are used in radiation thermometers to measure the temperature
depend upon the temperature and the material of the object and these
thermometers have some of the following features.
 Measurement without direct contact with the object.
 Faster response.
 Easy pattern measurements.

Flame Monitors
 These types of devices are used for detecting the light emitted from the
flames.
 It is to monitor how the flames are burning.
 The Light emitted from flames extend from UV to IR region types.
 PbS, PbSe, Two-color detector, pyro electric detector are some of the
commonly employed detector used in flame monitors.

Moisture Analyzers
 Moisture analyzers use wavelengths which are absorbed by the moisture in
the IR region.
 Objects are irradiated with light having these wavelengths(1.1 µm, 1.4 µm,
1.9 µm, and 2.7µm) and also with reference wavelengths.
 The Lights reflected from the objects depend upon the moisture content.
 It is detected by analyzer to measure moisture (ratio of reflected light at these
wavelengths to the reflected light at reference wavelength).
 In GaAs PIN photodiodes, Pbs photoconductive detectors are employed in
moisture analyzer circuits.

Gas Analyzers
 IR sensors are used in gas analyzers which use absorption characteristics of
gases in the IR region.
 Two types of methods are used to measure the density of gas.
A. Dispersive.
B. Non dispersive.

A) Dispersive
 An Emitted light is spectroscopically divided and their absorption
characteristics are used to analyze the gas ingredients and the sample
quantity.

B) Non dispersive
 It is most commonly used method and it uses absorption characteristics
without dividing the emitted light.
 Non dispersive types use discrete optical band pass filters.
 It is similar to sunglasses that are used for eye protection to filter out
unwanted UV radiation.

B) Non dispersive
 This type of configuration is commonly referred to as non dispersive infrared
(NDIR) technology.
 This type of analyzer is used for carbonated drinks.
 Non dispersive analyzer is used in most of the commercial IR instruments,
for an automobile exhaust gas fuel leakages.

IR Imaging Devices
 IR image device is one of the major applications of IR waves.
 Primarily by virtue of its property that is not visible.
 It is used for thermal imagers, night vision devices, etc.
 For examples Water, rocks, soil, vegetation, an atmosphere, and human
tissue all features emit IR radiation.
 The Thermal infrared detectors measure these radiations in IR range.
 It map the spatial temperature distributions of the object/area on an image.

IR Imaging Devices
 Thermal imagers usually composed of a Sb (indium antimonite), Gd Hg
(mercury-doped germanium), Hg Cd Te (mercury-cadmium-telluride)
sensors.
 An electronic detector is cooled to low temperatures using liquid helium or
liquid nitrogen’s.
 Then the Cooling the detectors ensures that the radiant energy (photons)
recorded by the detectors.
 It comes from the terrain and not from the ambient temperature of objects
within the scanner itself an IR imaging electronic devices.

Infrared IR Sensor Circuit Diagram and Working Principle

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