2.2- Genus Alpinia - galangal + Overview Alpiniais a genus of flowering plants in the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. It is named for Prospero Alpini, a 17th-century Italian botanist who specialized in exotic plants. Species are native to Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, where they occur in tropical and subtropical climates. Several species are cultivated as ornamental plants. Species of the genus are known generally as ginger-lilies. + Description These herbs lack true stems, but have pseudostems usually up to about 3 meters long which are composed of the overlapping leaf sheaths. A few species have been known to reach 8 meters. They grow from thick rhizomes. The leaves are lance-shaped to oblong. The inflorescence takes the form of a spike, a panicle, or a raceme. It may be hooded in bracts and bracteoles. The flower has a shallowly toothed calyxwhich is sometimes split on one side. The flower corolla is a cylindrical tube with three lobes at the mouth, the middle lobe larger and hoodlike in some taxa. There is one fertile stamen and two staminodes, which are often joined into a petal-like labellum, a structure that is inconspicuous in some species and quite showy in others. The fruit is a rounded, dry or fleshy capsule. The plants are generally aromatic due to their essential oils. + Species This is the largest genus in the ginger family, with about 230 species. A number of those are commonly grown for their flowers, and others are used as spices. The important species include: 1- Alpinia caerulea - Australian native ginger 2- Alpinia calcarata - heen araththa, cardamom ginger 3- Alpinia conchigera - lesser alpinia 4- Alpinia galanga - greater galangal 5- Alpinia globosa - round Chinese cardamom 6- Alpinia javanica - Javanese alpinia 7- Alpinia malaccensis- rathkihiriya 8- Alpinia melanocarpa - black-fruited alpinia 9- Alpinia mutica - small shell ginger, orchid ginger, narrow-leaved alpinia 10- Alpinia nigra 11- Alpinia nutans - dwarf cardamom, ginger lily, shell ginger 12- Alpinia officinarum - lesser galangal, Chinese ginger 13- Alpinia oxyphylla - sharp-leaf galangal 14- Alpinia petiolata - stalked-leaved alpinia 15- Alpinia purpurata - red ginger 16- Alpinia pyramidata - Java galangal 17- Alpinia rafflesiana - Raffles' alpinia 18- Alpinia speciosa - shellflower, shellplant 19- Alpinia tonrokuensis 20- Alpinia vittata - variegate-ginger 21- Alpinia zerumbet - shell ginger Source: Alpinia - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2.5- Genus Elettaria - cardamom + Overview Elettariais a genus of plants in the Zingiberaceae. It is native to India, Sri Lanka, Borneo, Sumatra and Malaysia, though some species are naturalized elsewhere. One member of the genus, Elettaria cardamomum, is a commercially important spice used as a flavouring agent in many countries. Synonyms Cardamomum Noronha Matonia Stephenson & J.M.Churchill + Species The following species are recognized as of July 2014: 1- Elettaria brachycalyx S.Sakai & Nagam. - Sarawak 2- Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton - India 3- Elettaria ensal (Gaertn.) Abeyw. - Sri Lanka 4- Elettaria kapitensis S.Sakai & Nagam. - Sarawak 5- Elettaria linearicrista S.Sakai & Nagam. - Sarawak, Brunei 6- Elettaria longipilosa S.Sakai & Nagam. - Sarawak 7- Elettaria longituba (Ridl.) Holttum - Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia 8- Elettaria multiflora (Ridl.) R.M.Sm. - Sumatra, Sarawak 9- Elettaria rubida R.M.Sm. - Sabah, Sarawak 10- Elettaria stoloniflora (K.Schum.) S.Sakai & Nagam. - Sarawak 11- Elettaria surculosa (K.Schum.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. - Sarawak Source: Elettaria - From http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Elettaria.
2.6- Genus Elettariopsis + Overview The genus Elettariopsis is in the tribe Alpinieae, in the subfamily Alpinioideae, in the family Zingiberaceae, in the order Zingiberales of flower plants (Angiosperms). Elettariopsis is a genus of plants native to Southeast Asia, southern China and New Guinea. Type species Elettariopsis curtisii Baker + Species 1- Elettariopsis burttiana Y.K.Kam - Perak 2- Elettariopsis chayaniana Yupparach - Thailand 3- Elettariopsis curtisii Baker in J.D.Hooker - Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo 4- Elettariopsis elan C.K.Lim - Thailand, Malaysia 5- Elettariopsis exserta (Scort.) Baker in J.D.Hooker - Thailand, Malaysia 6- Elettariopsis kandariensis (K.Schum.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - Sulawesi 7- Elettariopsis kerbyi R.M.Sm. - Sarawak 8- Elettariopsis latiflora Ridl. - Malaysia 9- Elettariopsis limiana Picheans. & Yupparach - Thailand 10- Elettariopsis monophylla (Gagnep.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - Laos, Thailand, Hainan 11- Elettariopsis poonsakiana Picheans. & Yupparach - Thailand 12- Elettariopsis procurrens (Gagnep.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - New Guinea 13- Elettariopsis puberula Ridl. - Sumatra 14- Elettariopsis ranongensis Picheans. & Yupparach - Thailand 15- Elettariopsis rugosa (Y.K.Kam) C.K.Lim - Selangor 16- Elettariopsis slahmong C.K.Lim - Thailand, Malaysia 17- Elettariopsis smithiae Y.K.Kam - Thailand, Malaysia 18- Elettariopsis stenosiphon (K.Schum.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm. - Sarawak 19- Elettariopsis sumatrana Valeton - Sumatra 20- Elettariopsis triloba (Gagnep.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam 21- Elettariopsis unifolia (Gagnep.) M.F.Newman - Vietnam 22- Elettariopsis wandokthong Picheans. & Yupparach - Thailand Source: Elettariopsis- From http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Elettariopsis.
2.12- Genus Anomum = Paramomum + Overview Amomum is a genus of plant native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, and Queensland. It includes several species of cardamom, especially black cardamom. Plants of this genus are remarkable for their pungency and aromatic properties. Among ancient writers, the name amomum was ascribed to various odoriferous plants that cannot be positively identified today. The word derives from Latinamomum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄμωμον (amomon), a kind of an Indian spice plant. Edmund Roberts noted on his 1834 trip to China that amomum was utilized as a spice to "season sweet dishes," in culinary practice. Synonyms Meistera Giseke Paludana Giseke Wurfbainia Giseke Torymenes Salisb. Zedoaria Raf. Geocallis Horan. Cardamomum Rumph. ex Kuntze Conamomum Ridl. Paramomum S.Q.Tong + Species The genus Amomum has over 400 species - Selected species 1- Amomum aculeatum 2- Amomum aromaticum 3- Amomum austrosinense 4- Amomum costatum (black cardamom) 5- Amomum dallachyi 6- Amomum dealbatum 7- Amomum foetens 8- Amomum gracile 9- Amomum longiligulare 10- Amomum longipes 11- Amomum ovoideum 12- Amomum magnificum 13- Amomum odontocarpum 14- Amomum sahyadricum 15- Amomum subulatum (black cardamom) 16- Amomum testaceum 17- Amomum truncatum 18- Amomum tsaoko 19- Amomum villosum 20- Amomum xanthioides (black cardamom seed) - See List of Amomum species for a complete list. Source: Amomum- From http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Amomum.
2.13- Genus Plagiostachys + Overview Genus Plagiostachys is in the tribe Alpinieae, in the subfamily Alpinioideae, in the family Zingiberaceae, in the order Zingiberales of flowering plants (Angiosperms). The genus Plagiostachys is native to Southeast Asia. + Species 1- Plagiostachys albiflora Ridl. - Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak 2- Plagiostachys austrosinensis T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen - Guangdong, Guangxi 3- Plagiostachys bracteolata R.M.Sm. - Sabah, Sarawak 4- Plagiostachys brevicalcarata Julius & A.Takano - Borneo 5- Plagiostachys breviramosa Cowley - Borneo 6- Plagiostachys corrugata Elmer - Mindanao 7- Plagiostachys crocydocalyx (K.Schum.) B.L.Burtt & R.M Sm. - Sarawak 8- Plagiostachys elegans Ridl. - Mindanao 9- Plagiostachys escritorii Elmer - Philippines 10- Plagiostachys glandulosa S.Sakai & Nagam. - Sarawak 11- Plagiostachys lasiophylla Gobilik & A.L.Lamb - Sabah 12- Plagiostachys lateralis (Ridl.) Ridl. - Peninsular Malaysia 13- Plagiostachys longicaudata Julius & A.Takano- Borneo 14- Plagiostachys megacarpa Julius & A.Takano - Borneo 15- Plagiostachys mucida Holttum - Peninsular Malaysia 16- Plagiostachys nicobarica M.Sabu, Sanoj & Prasanthk. - Nicobar Islands 17- Plagiostachys oblanceolata Gobilik & A.L.Lamb- Sabah 18- Plagiostachys odorata C.K.Lim - Peninsular Malaysia 19- Plagiostachys parva Cowley - Sabah, Brunei 20- Plagiostachys parviflora (C.Presl) Ridl. - Philippines 21- Plagiostachys philippinensis Ridl. - Philippines 22- Plagiostachys rolfei (K.Schum.) Ridl. - Philippines 23- Plagiostachys roseiflora Julius & A.Takano - Sabah 24- Plagiostachys strobilifera (Baker) Ridl. - Borneo 25- Plagiostachys sumatrensis Ridl. - Kepulauan Mentawai 26- Plagiostachys uviformis (L.) Loes. in H.G.A.Engler - Ambon 27- Plagiostachys viridisepala Julius & A.Takano - Borneo Source: Plagiostachys - From http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Plagiostachys.