望天树Parashorea chinensis
中文名（Chinese Name）：望天树
学名（Scientific Name）：Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：擎天树
异名（Synonym）：Parashorea chinensis var. kwangsiensis Lin Chi Parashorea chinensis var. guangxiensis Lin Chi Shorea wangtianshuea Y. K. Yang et J. K. Wu Shorea wangtianshuea var. chuanbanshuea Y. K. Yang et J. K. Wu Shorea wangtianshuea subsp. kwangsiensis (Lin Chi) Y. K. Yang et J. K. Wu Shorea wangtianshuea subsp. vietnamensis Y. K. Yang et J. K. Wu
科属（Family & Genus）：龙脑香科（Dipterocarpaceae）柳安属
形态特征（Description）：大乔木，高40(-60）米，胸径60-150厘米；树皮灰色或棕褐色，树干上部的为浅纵裂，下部呈块状剥落。幼枝被鳞片状的茸毛，具圆形皮孔。叶革质，椭圆形或椭圆状披针形，长6-20厘米，宽3-8厘米，先端渐尖，基部圆形，侧脉羽状，14-19对，在下面明显突起，网脉明显，被鳞片状毛或绒毛；叶柄长1-3厘米，密被毛；托叶纸质，早落，卵形，基部抱茎，具纵脉5-7条，被鳞片状毛或茸毛。圆锥花序腋生或顶生，长5-12厘米，密被灰黄色的鳞片状毛或绒毛；每个小花序分枝处具小苞片1对；每分枝有花3-8朵，每朵花的基部具1对宿存的苞片，苞片卵形或卵状椭圆形，长6-13毫米，宽4-7毫米，具纵脉6-9条。花萼裂片5枚，覆瓦状排列，长4-5毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，内外两面均被鳞片状毛或茸毛；花瓣5枚，黄白色，芳香，长6-11毫米，宽3-7毫米，具纵脉10-14条，外面被鳞片状毛，内面近无毛；雄蕊12-15枚，长约4毫米，两轮排列，花药线状披针形，药室顶部具尖头，药隔附属体锥状；子房长卵形，3室，每室具胚珠2枚，密被白色的绢状毛，花柱细柱状，无毛，柱头小，略3裂。果实长卵形，密被银灰色的绢状毛；果翅近等长或3长2短，近革质，长6-8厘米，宽0.6-1厘米，具纵脉5-7条，基部狭窄不包围果实。花期5-6月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、广西。生于海拔300-1100米沟谷、坡地、丘陵密林中。
用途（Use）：木材坚硬、耐用、耐腐性强，不易受虫蛀；材色褐黄色，无特殊气味，纹理直，结构均匀，加工容易，刨切面光滑，花纹美观，为制造各种家具的高级用材。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 51
Parashorea chinensis H. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 11. 1977.
望天树 wang tian shu | Dipterocarpaceae | Parashorea
Parashorea chinensis var. kwangsiensis Lin Chi; Shorea chinensis (H. Wang) H. Zhu (1992), not Merrill (1922); S. wangtianshuea Y. K. Yang & J. K. Wu; S. wangtianshuea var. chuanbanshuea Y. K. Yang & J. K. Wu; S. wangtianshuea subsp. kwangsiensis (Lin Chi) Y. K. Yang & J. K. Wu; S. wangtianshuea subsp. vietnamensis Y. K. Yang & J. K. Wu.
Trees evergreen, lofty emergents, 40(-60) m tall, 0.6-1.5 m in diam., with large stout straight buttresses. Bark gray or brown, shallowly longitudinally fissured on upper part, but exfoliating in masses on lower part, with prominent lines of lenticels on buttress ridges and in fresh fissures. Branchlets gray to yellowish brown scurfy pubescent or tomentose, lenticels orbicular. Stipules caducous, ovate, to 15 × 5 mm in juveniles, papery, scurfy pubescent or tomentose, longitudinally 5-veined, leaving short scars; petiole 1-3 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 6-20 × 3-8 cm, leathery, both surfaces scurfy pubescent or tomentose, lateral veins pinnate in 14-19 pairs conspicuously raised abaxially, tertiary veins conspicuous and subreticulate, base rounded, margin entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal cymose panicles 5-12 cm, densely grayish yellow scurfy-pubescent or tomentose, flowers sweetly scented; cymes 2-bracteate at base, 3-8-flowered. Pedicel 2-bracteolate; bracts and bracteoles ovate or ovate-elliptic, 6-13 × 4-7 mm, longitudinally 6-9-veined. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, outside pubescent. Petals yellowish white, 6-11 × 3-7 mm, 10-14-veined. Stamens 15; anthers linear-lanceolate, outer cells apiculate, inner cells much smaller than outer; connective appendages acicular, nearly as long as outer cells. Ovary narrowly ovoid, densely white silky-pubescent; style columnar, ca. twice as long as ovary, glabrous; stigma small, slightly 3-lobed. Fruit (when mature) ellipsoid, densely silvery silky-pubescent; calyx segments subequal, winglike, 6-8 cm × 6-10 mm, longitudinally 5-7-veined, bases narrow, not completely enveloping fruit, often becoming valvate. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep.
Valleys, mountain slopes, hills, dense forests on limestone and other rocks; 300-1100 m. W Guangxi (Bama, Longzhou, Napo), S and SE Yunnan (Hekou, Mengla) [N Vietnam].
The wood is brownish yellow, fine-grained, hard, and durable. It is used for various purposes.
The homogeneity of genetic structure of Parashorea chinensis in different populations supported reducing P. chinensis var. kwangsiensis into synonymy (Li and Xu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 23: 313-320. 2001).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Parashorea chinensis Wang Hsie
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：擎天树
异名（Synonym）：Parashorea chinensis var. kwangsiensis Lin Chi Parashorea chinensis var. guangxiensis Lin Chi Shorea wangtianshuea Y. K. Yang et J. K. Wu Shorea wangtianshuea var. chuanbanshuea Y. K. Yang et J. K. Wu Shorea wangtianshuea subsp. kwangsiensis (Lin Chi) Y. K. Yang et J. K. Wu Shorea wangtianshuea subsp. vietnamensis Y. K. Yang et J. K. Wu
科属（Family & Genus）：龙脑香科（Dipterocarpaceae）柳安属
形态特征（Description）：大乔木，高40(-60）米，胸径60-150厘米；树皮灰色或棕褐色，树干上部的为浅纵裂，下部呈块状剥落。幼枝被鳞片状的茸毛，具圆形皮孔。叶革质，椭圆形或椭圆状披针形，长6-20厘米，宽3-8厘米，先端渐尖，基部圆形，侧脉羽状，14-19对，在下面明显突起，网脉明显，被鳞片状毛或绒毛；叶柄长1-3厘米，密被毛；托叶纸质，早落，卵形，基部抱茎，具纵脉5-7条，被鳞片状毛或茸毛。圆锥花序腋生或顶生，长5-12厘米，密被灰黄色的鳞片状毛或绒毛；每个小花序分枝处具小苞片1对；每分枝有花3-8朵，每朵花的基部具1对宿存的苞片，苞片卵形或卵状椭圆形，长6-13毫米，宽4-7毫米，具纵脉6-9条。花萼裂片5枚，覆瓦状排列，长4-5毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，内外两面均被鳞片状毛或茸毛；花瓣5枚，黄白色，芳香，长6-11毫米，宽3-7毫米，具纵脉10-14条，外面被鳞片状毛，内面近无毛；雄蕊12-15枚，长约4毫米，两轮排列，花药线状披针形，药室顶部具尖头，药隔附属体锥状；子房长卵形，3室，每室具胚珠2枚，密被白色的绢状毛，花柱细柱状，无毛，柱头小，略3裂。果实长卵形，密被银灰色的绢状毛；果翅近等长或3长2短，近革质，长6-8厘米，宽0.6-1厘米，具纵脉5-7条，基部狭窄不包围果实。花期5-6月，果期8-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产云南、广西。生于海拔300-1100米沟谷、坡地、丘陵密林中。
用途（Use）：木材坚硬、耐用、耐腐性强，不易受虫蛀；材色褐黄色，无特殊气味，纹理直，结构均匀，加工容易，刨切面光滑，花纹美观，为制造各种家具的高级用材。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 13 Page 51
Parashorea chinensis H. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 11. 1977.
望天树 wang tian shu | Dipterocarpaceae | Parashorea
Parashorea chinensis var. kwangsiensis Lin Chi; Shorea chinensis (H. Wang) H. Zhu (1992), not Merrill (1922); S. wangtianshuea Y. K. Yang & J. K. Wu; S. wangtianshuea var. chuanbanshuea Y. K. Yang & J. K. Wu; S. wangtianshuea subsp. kwangsiensis (Lin Chi) Y. K. Yang & J. K. Wu; S. wangtianshuea subsp. vietnamensis Y. K. Yang & J. K. Wu.
Trees evergreen, lofty emergents, 40(-60) m tall, 0.6-1.5 m in diam., with large stout straight buttresses. Bark gray or brown, shallowly longitudinally fissured on upper part, but exfoliating in masses on lower part, with prominent lines of lenticels on buttress ridges and in fresh fissures. Branchlets gray to yellowish brown scurfy pubescent or tomentose, lenticels orbicular. Stipules caducous, ovate, to 15 × 5 mm in juveniles, papery, scurfy pubescent or tomentose, longitudinally 5-veined, leaving short scars; petiole 1-3 cm, densely pubescent; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, 6-20 × 3-8 cm, leathery, both surfaces scurfy pubescent or tomentose, lateral veins pinnate in 14-19 pairs conspicuously raised abaxially, tertiary veins conspicuous and subreticulate, base rounded, margin entire, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal cymose panicles 5-12 cm, densely grayish yellow scurfy-pubescent or tomentose, flowers sweetly scented; cymes 2-bracteate at base, 3-8-flowered. Pedicel 2-bracteolate; bracts and bracteoles ovate or ovate-elliptic, 6-13 × 4-7 mm, longitudinally 6-9-veined. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, outside pubescent. Petals yellowish white, 6-11 × 3-7 mm, 10-14-veined. Stamens 15; anthers linear-lanceolate, outer cells apiculate, inner cells much smaller than outer; connective appendages acicular, nearly as long as outer cells. Ovary narrowly ovoid, densely white silky-pubescent; style columnar, ca. twice as long as ovary, glabrous; stigma small, slightly 3-lobed. Fruit (when mature) ellipsoid, densely silvery silky-pubescent; calyx segments subequal, winglike, 6-8 cm × 6-10 mm, longitudinally 5-7-veined, bases narrow, not completely enveloping fruit, often becoming valvate. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Aug-Sep.
Valleys, mountain slopes, hills, dense forests on limestone and other rocks; 300-1100 m. W Guangxi (Bama, Longzhou, Napo), S and SE Yunnan (Hekou, Mengla) [N Vietnam].
The wood is brownish yellow, fine-grained, hard, and durable. It is used for various purposes.
The homogeneity of genetic structure of Parashorea chinensis in different populations supported reducing P. chinensis var. kwangsiensis into synonymy (Li and Xu, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 23: 313-320. 2001).
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