Encyclopedia of Plants and flowers

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spikes of pealike, yellow flowers from late produces racemes of 5–8 fragrant, bell- HOMOGYNE summer produces bell-shaped, purple H
spring to late summer. Leaves are divided, shaped flowers with sepals of female flowers on scapes 14–16in (35–40cm) long.
with 3–8 pairs of narrowly oval leaflets. flowers reddish-purple; white, male COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Z3–9 H9–2. 599
flowers have purple lines at bases. H. ‘American Halo’. Robust, densely
HIPPOPHAE Flowers are sometimes followed Genus of evergreen perennials, useful mounded, clump-forming perennial. H 22in
by ovoid, light purple fruits. Z10–11 for groundcover in rock gardens and (55cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Has large, broadly
ELAEAGNACEAE H12–10. woodland. Needs shade and moist soil. ovate, strongly veined, dark blue-green
H. latifolia [purple form] illus. p.194; Propagate by division in spring or by seed leaves, with heart-shaped bases and wide,
Genus of deciduous shrubs and trees, [white form] illus. p.192. when fresh. irregular, yellow margins becoming ivory-
with inconspicuous flowers, grown for H. alpina (Alpine coltsfoot). Mat-forming, white as they mature. In early and mid-
their foliage and showy fruits. Separate HOLCUS rhizomatous perennial. H 3–6in (8–15cm), summer produces broadly funnel-shaped,
male and female plants are required in S 6in (15cm) or more. Has kidney-shaped, pure white flowers on scapes 2ft (60cm)
order to obtain fruits. Is suitable for GRAMINEAE/POACEAE toothed, glossy leaves and, in summer, long. Z3–8 H8–1.
coastal areas, where it is wind-resistant stems, 3–6in (8–15cm) or more long, each H. ‘Antioch’, illus. p.272. Robust,
and excellent when grown as hedging. See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES bear a daisylike, rose-purple flower head. clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),
Needs sun and is especially useful and SEDGES. S 36in (90cm). Has broadly ovate, matt,
for poor, dry or very sandy soil. H. mollis (Creeping soft grass). HOODIA dark green leaves irregularly margined
Propagate by softwood cuttings in ‘Albovariegatus’, syn. H. mollis gray-green and creamy-yellow, fading to
summer or by seed in fall. See also ‘Variegatus’ Evergreen, spreading, ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE white. In mid-summer bears funnel-
feature panel p.142. variegated, perennial grass. H 12–18in shaped, lavender-blue flowers on scapes
H. rhamnoides (Sea buckthorn), illus. (30–45cm), S indefinite. Has white-striped Genus of branching, perennial succulents, 36in (90cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2.
p.142. Deciduous, bushy, arching shrub or leaves and hairy nodes. In summer grown for their firm, erect, green stems, H. ‘August Moon ’, illus. p.273. Vigorous,
small tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Has narrow, produces purplish-white flower spikes. generally branching from the base. Needs clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm),
silvery leaves. Tiny, yellow flowers borne Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Variegatus’. See H. mollis full sun and very well-drained soil. Is S 30in (75cm). Has rounded to heart-
in mid-spring are followed in fall by bright ‘Albovariegatus’. difficult to cultivate. Water sparingly at shaped, cupped, puckered, pale green
orange berries on female plants. Z3–8 all times. Propagate by seed or grafting leaves becoming golden-yellow with a
H8–1. HOLMSKIOLDIA in spring or summer. faint glaucous bloom. In summer bears
H. bainii. See H. gordonii. bell-shaped, grayish-white flowers on
HOHERIA VERBENACEAE/LAMIACEAE H. gordonii, syn. H. bainii. Variable, erect, scapes 36in (90cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2.
clump-forming, perennial succulent. H 32in H. ‘Big Daddy’. Clump-forming
MALVACEAE Genus of evergreen shrubs or scrambling (80cm), S 12in (30cm). Green stem is perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1m). Has
climbers. Needs full light and fertile, well- covered with short, spine-tipped tubercles rounded to heart-shaped, cupped, deeply
Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or drained soil. Water freely in growing in distorted rows. Often branches into puckered, glaucous, gray-blue leaves. In
evergreen trees and shrubs, grown for season, less at other times. Requires tying clumps. Produces 5-lobed, flesh-colored to early summer bears bell-shaped, grayish-
their flowers produced mainly in summer. to supports. Thin out crowded growth brownish flowers in late summer. Z13–15 white flowers on scapes 32in (80cm) long.
Requires sun or semi-shade and fertile, in spring or after flowering has finished. H12–10. Z3–8 H8–1.
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe Propagate by seed in spring or by H. ‘Birchwood Parky’s Gold’, syn. H.
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer. HORDEUM ‘Golden’, H. ‘Golden Nakaiana’, illus. p.273.
H. angustifolia, illus. p.85. Whitefly and red spider mite may be Vigorous, clump-forming perennial.
H. ‘Glory of Amlwch’. Semievergreen, troublesome. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE H 14–16in (35–40cm), S . Has heart-shaped,
spreading tree. H 22ft (7m), S 20ft (6m). Has H. sanguinea (Chinese hat plant). matt, yellow-green leaves becoming rich
long, narrowly oval, glossy, bright green Evergreen, straggly shrub. H to 15ft (5m), See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES yellow with age. In mid-summer bears bell-
leaves and a profusion of large, 5-petaled, S 6ft (2m). Has oval, serrated leaves, 2–4in and SEDGES. shaped, pale lavender-blue flowers on
white flowers from mid- to late summer. (5–10cm) long. Produces showy, red or H. jubatum, illus. p.286. scapes 28in (70cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2.
Z9–10 H10–9. orange flowers, with saucer-shaped calyces H. ‘Blue Angel’. Slow-growing, clump-
H. lyallii, illus. p.85. and central, 5-lobed tubes, in fall–winter. HORMINUM forming perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 24in
H. populnea (Lacebark). Evergreen, Z10–11 H12–10. (60cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, wavy,
spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE glaucous, bluish-gray leaves. In mid-
Bears narrowly oval, glossy, dark green HOLODISCUS summer bears bell-shaped, grayish- or
leaves. Produces dense clusters of Genus of one species of basal-rosetted mauvish-white flowers on scapes 3ft (1m)
5-petaled, white flowers in late summer ROSACEAE perennial, suitable for rock gardens. long. Z3–8 H8–1.
and early fall. Bark on mature trees is pale Requires sun and well-drained soil. H. ‘Blue Cadet’. Clump-forming
brown and white and often flaky. Z9–10 Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for Propagate by division in spring or by perennial. H 14–16in (35–40cm), S 30in
H10–9. their flowers in summer. Needs sun seed in fall. (75cm). Has small, broadly ovate leaves,
H. sexstylosa (Ribbonwood). Fast- or partial shade and any but very dry H. pyrenaicum (Dragon’s mouth, blue-green above and glaucous beneath,
growing, evergreen, upright tree or shrub. soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings Pyrenean dead nettle). Basal-rosetted with heart-shaped bases. Produces funnel-
H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). Glossy, pale green in summer. perennial. H and S 8in (20cm). In summer shaped, rich lavender flowers in long,
leaves are narrowly oval and sharply H. discolor, illus. p.113. produces whorls of nodding, short-stalked, dense racemes, 22in (55cm) long, from mid-
toothed. Star-shaped, 5-petaled, white funnel-shaped, blue-purple or white to late summer. Z3–8 H8–1.
flowers are borne in clusters from mid- HOMERIA flowers above oval, leathery, dark green H. ‘Blue Moon’. Slow-growing, compact,
to late summer. Z9–10 H10–9. leaves, 3–4in (8–10cm) long. Z6–8 H8–6. clump-forming perennial. H 5in (12cm),
IRIDACEAE S 12in (30cm). Oval to rounded, grayish-
HOLBOELLIA HOSTA blue leaves taper to a point. In mid-
Genus of spring- or summer-flowering summer, dense clusters of trumpet-shaped,
LARDIZABALACEAE corms, grown for their widely funnel- Plantain lily mauve flowers, on scapes 8–10in (20–25cm)
shaped, cup-shaped or flattish flowers. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE long, are borne just above leaves. Is
Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, Needs sun and well-drained soil. To suitable for a rock garden. Prefers partial
grown mainly for their fine foliage. Both produce flowers in spring, pot in fall in a Genus of perennials, grown mainly for shade. Z3–9 H9–1.
male and female flowers are borne on the cool greenhouse, water until after their decorative foliage. Forms large H. ‘Blue Mouse Ears’. Slow-growing,
same plant. Needs partial shade or full sun flowering, then dry off for summer. To clumps that are excellent for groundcover clump-forming perennial. H 6in (15cm),
and well-drained soil. Propagate by stem produce flowers in summer, plant in the (heights given are those of foliage). Most S 12in (30cm). Has very small, shallowly
cuttings in late summer or fall. open in spring. Propagate by seed, species prefer shade and rich, moist but cupped, ovate, rich blue-green leaves,
H. brachyandra. Evergreen, twining well-drained, neutral soil. Propagate by which in mature plants are almost round
climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has mid-green division or offsets in fall. T H. collina is division in early spring. Seed-raised plants in shape. Produces clusters of bell-shaped,
leaves, to 5in (12cm) long, divided into (except of H. ventricosa) very rarely come lavender-striped, rich violet flowers, on
3 ovate to elliptic leaflets. In summer toxic to livestock. true to type. Slug and snail control is scapes 8in (20cm) long, in mid- and late
produces racemes of 4–8 large, fragrant, H. ochroleuca. Spring- or summer- essential. See also feature panel pp.272–3. summer. Z3–8 H8–1.
white flowers. flowering corm. H to 22in (55cm), S 2–3in H. albomarginata. See H. sieboldii H. ‘Blue Wedgwood’, illus. p.273. Slow-
H. coriacea. Evergreen, twining (5–8cm). Slender, wiry stems each bear ‘Paxton’s Original’. growing, clump-forming perennial. H 1ft
climber. H 16ft (to 5m). Has glossy, mid- 1 or 2 long, narrow, semierect leaves on H. ‘Allan P. McConnell ’, illus. p.273.
to dark green leaves divided into 3 ovate lower part of stem. Produces a succession Clump-forming perennial. H 6–8in
to elliptic leaflets. In early summer of upright, cup-shaped to flattish, yellow (15–20cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has
flowers, each sometimes with a central, broadly to narrowly ovate, olive-green
orange stain. Z9–10 H10–9. leaves with narrow, white margins. In mid-

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HOSTA

H (30cm), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has wedge-shaped, oval to heart-shaped. Z3–9 H9–1. var. H. ‘Grand Tiara’. Vigorous perennial H. ‘Inniswood’. Densely mounding,
deeply quilted, blue leaves and, in summer, albopicta, syn. H. fortunei ‘Albopicta’ forming a compact mound. H 12in (30cm), clump-forming perennial. H 24in (60cm),
600 produces lavender flowers on scapes 16in has pale green leaves, with creamy-yellow S 20in (50cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, S 36in (90cm). Has large, broadly ovate
(40cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. centers, fading to dull green from mid- mid-green leaves with irregular, wide, to rounded, heart-shaped, seersuckered,
H. ‘Brim Cup’, illus. p.273. Slow-growing, summer. Racemes of trumpet-shaped, yellow margins. In summer produces bell- rich golden-yellow leaves, with dark green
clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), pale violet flowers, on scapes, 30in (75cm) shaped, sometimes remontant, deep purple margins and glaucous beneath. In mid-
S 14–16in (35–40cm). Erect, heart-shaped, long, are produced in early summer. flowers, striped lavender-blue within, on summer produces funnel-shaped, pale
slightly cupped and puckered, thick, dark var. aureomarginata, syn. H. fortunei scapes 32in (80cm) long. Z3–9 H9–1. lavender flowers on scapes 30in (75cm)
green leaves are irregularly margined with ‘Aureomarginata’, H. fortunei ‘Yellow Edge’ H. ‘Great Expectations’, illus. p.273. long. Z3–8 H8–1.
cream fading to white. Bears pale lavender- has mid-green leaves, with irregular, Clump-forming perennial. H 22in (55cm), H. ‘Invincible’, illus. p.272. Densely
blue flowers, on scapes 18in (45cm) long, in creamy-yellow edges, and violet flowers. S 34in (85cm). Green-margined, white leaf mounded, clump-forming perennial. H and
summer. Z3–9 H9–2. Mass planting looks very effective. stalks bear heart-shaped, stiff, puckered, S to 24in (60cm). Has heart-shaped, long-
H. ‘Buckshaw Blue’. Slow-growing, Tolerates full sun. ‘Yellow Edge’. See thick leaves that are glaucous, blue-green tipped, leathery, glossy, olive-green leaves.
clump-forming perennial. H 14in (35cm), H. fortunei var. aureomarginata. and irregularly but widely splashed with In late summer produces slightly fragrant,
S 24in (60cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, H. ‘Fragrant Bouquet’, illus. p.273. yellow, fading to white in centers. In early funnel-shaped, pale lavender flowers on
concave, puckered, glaucous, deep blue- Mounded, clump-forming perennial. summer, bell-shaped, grayish-white scapes to 24in (60cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2.
green leaves. In early summer bears bell- H 18in (45cm), S 26in (65cm). Produces flowers are borne on leafy scapes, 28in H. ‘June’, illus. p.272. Dense, clump-
shaped, grayish-white flowers on scapes heart-shaped, slightly puckered, slightly (70cm) long,. Z3–9 H9–2. forming perennial. H 15in (38cm), S 28in
to 18in (45cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. wavy, chartreuse leaves edged in cream. In H. ‘Green Fountain’. Clump-forming (70cm). Has heart-shaped, smooth, gray-
H. ‘Candy Hearts’. Vigorous, clump- late summer, large, fragrant, flared, very perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). blue leaves irregularly splashed in centers
forming perennial. H 14–16in (35–40cm), pale lavender flowers are borne on scapes Red-dotted leaf stalks bear arching, lance- with yellow and yellowish green. Bell-
S 22in (55cm). Has heart-shaped, pointed, 36in (90cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. shaped, wavy-margined, glossy, mid- green shaped, lavender-gray flowers, on scapes
greenish-gray-blue leaves. In summer H. ‘Francee’. Vigorous, clump-forming leaves. Funnel-shaped, pale mauve flowers 18in (45cm) long, are borne in late summer.
bears bell-shaped, pale lavender-blue to perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (1m). Has are borne in summer, on scapes 24in Is a sport of H. ‘Halcyon’. Z3–9 H9–2.
off-white flowers on scapes to 20in (50cm) oval to heart-shaped, slightly cupped and (60cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. H. ‘Kabitan’. See H. sieboldii f. kabitan.
long. Z3–8 H8–1. puckered, olive-green leaves with irregular, H. ‘Ground Master’, illus. p.272. H. kikutii. Clump-forming perennial.
H. ‘Cherry Berry’, illus. p.272. Mounded, white margins. In summer produces Vigorous, stoloniferous, prostrate H 16in (40cm), S 2ft (60cm). Has oval to
clump-forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), arching, leafy scapes, 28in (70cm) long, perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 22in (55cm). lance-shaped, deeply veined, dark green
S 24in (60cm). Has broadly lance-shaped, bearing funnel-shaped, lavender-blue Has ovate to lance-shaped, matt, olive- leaves. Racemes of bell-shaped, near-white
creamy-yellow leaves, becoming ivory- flowers. Is late to emerge. Z3–9 H9–1. green leaves, with wavy, irregular, creamy flowers are borne in a tight bunch at the
white, with broad, irregular, green H. ‘Ginko Craig’, illus. p.273. Clump- margins, fading to white. In summer bears top of raceme on conspicuously leaning
margins. In mid- to late summer produces forming perennial. H and S 1ft (30cm). Has straight, leafy scapes, 24in (60cm) long, of scapes, 24in (60cm) long, in mid-summer.
funnel-shaped, deep purple flowers on red small, narrow, dark green leaves irregularly funnel-shaped, purple flowers,. Z3–9 H9–2. Z3–9 H9–1. var. caput-avis is smaller,
scapes 18in (45cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. margined white. In summer produces H. ‘Guacamole’. Vigorous, clump- and flower bud resembles a bird’s head.
H. decorata. Stoloniferous perennial. spikes of bell-shaped, deep mauve flowers forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 26in ‘Kifukurin’ has larger leaves margined
H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). Oval to on scapes, 22in (55cm) long. Is a good (65cm). Bold, heart-shaped, slightly wavy, with cream.
rounded, dark green leaves have white edging plant. Z3–9 H9–2. soft gold leaves are irregularly edged in H. ‘Krossa Regal’. Vase-shaped, clump-
margins. Dense racemes of trumpet- H. ‘Gold Edger’, illus. p.272. Densely green. In mid-summer has flared, very pale forming perennial. H and S 3ft (1m).
shaped, deep violet or sometimes white mounded, clump-forming perennial. H to lavender flowers on scapes 34in (85cm) Arching, deeply ribbed leaves are grayish-
flowers, on scapes to 20in (50cm) long, 12in (30cm), S 12in (30cm) or more. Has long. Leaves color best in good light. Z3–8 blue. Produces long spikes of pale lilac
are borne in mid-summer. Z3–9 H9–1. heart-shaped, matt, golden-yellow leaves H8–1. flowers, on scapes 41/2ft (1.4m) long,
f. normalis has plain green leaves. that fade to chartreuse with age. In late H. ‘Hadspen Blue’, illus. p.272. Slow- in summer. Tolerates sun. Z3–9 H9–1.
H. ‘Devon Green’, illus. p.272. Clump- summer produces bell-shaped, lavender growing, clump-forming perennial. H and H. lancifolia, illus. p.273. Clump-forming
forming perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 16in flowers on scapes to 12in (30cm) long. S 12in (30cm). Smooth leaves are heart- perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 30in (75cm).
(40cm). Red-spotted leaf stalks bear lance- Z3–9 H9–2. shaped and deep glaucous blue. Produces Arching, narrowly lance-shaped, glossy,
shaped, glossy, dark green leaves maturing H. ‘Golden’. See H. ‘Birchwood Parky’s short spikes of lavender flowers, on dark green leaves overlap neatly into
to broadly ovate to heart-shaped. In Gold’. scapes 14in (35cm) long, in summer. a dense mound. Bell-shaped, lavender
mid-summer bears bell-shaped, grayish- H. ‘Golden Nakaiana’. See H. Z3–9 H9–2. flowers, on scapes 26in (65cm) long, are
lavender-blue flowers on scapes to 18in ‘Birchwood Parky’s Gold’. H. ‘Halcyon’, illus. p.272. Robust, clump- produced in late summer. Z3–9 H9–2.
(45cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. H. ‘Golden Prayers’, illus. p.273. forming perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). H. ‘Love Pat’. Vigorous, clump-forming
H. ‘Dream Weaver’, illus. p.273. Upright, clump-forming perennial. Has heart-shaped, tapering, grayish-blue perennial. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Produces
Vigorous, clump-forming perennial. H 18in H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Cupped leaves leaves that fade to muddy-green in full sun; rounded, deeply puckered, deep glaucous
(45cm), S 36in (90cm). Has large, broadly are puckered and bright golden-green. texture may be spoiled by heavy rain. blue leaves. Bears racemes of pale lilac
ovate, strongly ribbed, chartreuse-green Produces white flowers suffused with pale Heavy clusters of trumpet-shaped, violet- flowers, on scapes 22in (55cm) long, in
leaves, later ivory-white in the center, with lavender on scapes 18in (45cm) long. Is mauve flowers, on scapes 18in (45cm) long, summer. Z3–9 H9–1.
very broad, dark blue-green margins, suitable for a rock garden. Z3–9 H9–2. open just above foliage in mid-summer. H. ‘Minuteman’, illus. p.272. Clump-
glaucous beneath. Produces funnel-shaped, H. ‘Golden Tiara’, illus. p.273. Clump- Z3–9 H9–2. forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), S 24in
lavender-striped, white flowers, on scapes forming perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 12in H. ‘Honeybells’. Clump-forming (60cm). Has oval, slightly wavy-rimmed,
to 28in (70cm) long, in mid- and late (30cm). Neat, broadly heart-shaped, dark perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Light white-margined, dark green leaves. In mid-
summer. Z3–9 H9–2. green leaves have well-defined, chartreuse- green leaves are blunt at the tips and and late summer produces funnel-shaped,
H. ‘Fire and Ice’, illus. p.273. Vigorous, yellow margins. In summer produces long have wavy margins. In late summer bears lavender flowers on scapes 30in (75cm)
clump-forming perennial. H 14–16in spikes of lavender-purple flowers on scapes fragrant, pale lilac flowers on scapes long. Z3–9 H9–2.
(35–40cm), S indefinite. Has heart-shaped, 24in (60cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. 31/2ft (1.1m) long. Z3–9 H9–1. H. montana. Vigorous, clump-forming
matt, yellow-green leaves becoming rich H. ‘Gold Standard’. Vigorous, clump- H. ‘Hydon Sunset’, illus. p.273. Densely perennial. H 31/2ft (1.1m), S 3ft (1m). Has
yellow with age. In mid-summer bears forming perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 3ft mounded, clump-forming perennial. H and oval, prominently veined, glossy, dark
bell-shaped, pale lavender-blue flowers (1m). Oval to heart-shaped leaves are pale S to 24in (60cm). Has heart-shaped leaves, green leaves. Racemes of trumpet-shaped,
on scapes 28in (70cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. green, turning to gold from mid-summer, bright gold in spring and mid-green by pale violet flowers, on scapes 36in (90cm)
H. ‘Fire Island’. Clump-forming with narrow, regular, dark green margins. late summer. In late summer produces long, are produced in mid-summer. Z3–9
perennial. H 10in (25cm), S 18in (45cm). Racemes of trumpet-shaped, violet flowers, bell-shaped, purple flowers on scapes to H9–1. ‘Aureomarginata’ has leaves
Bright red stems bear ovate, puckered, on scapes, 31/2ft (1.1m) long, are produced 24in (60cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. irregularly edged with golden-yellow. Is
bright yellow leaves becoming more green in mid-summer. Prefers partial shade. H. hypoleuca. Clump-forming perennial. always the first hosta to appear in spring.
as the season progress, the red stem Z3–9 H9–1. H 11/2ft (45cm), S 3ft (1m). Broadly oval H. ‘Moonlight’. Clump-forming
coloring seeping into the leaf blade. In mid- H. gracillima. Clump-forming perennial. leaves have widely spaced veins and are perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 28in (70cm). Has
summer has bell-shaped, lavender flowers H 2in (5cm), S 7in (18cm). Has lance-shaped, pale green above, striking white beneath. pale yellow leaves that emerge olive-green,
on scapes 20in (50cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. wavy-margined, glossy, deep green leaves, In late summer bears drooping racemes narrowly margined white. Produces funnel-
H. fluctuans ‘Variegata’. See H. ‘Sagae’. paler beneath. In summer–fall produces of trumpet-shaped, milky-violet flowers, shaped, violet-budded, pinkish-lavender
H. fortunei. Group of vigorous, clump- purple-dotted scapes, 10in (25cm) long, of on scapes 14in (35cm) long, with mauve- flowers, on scapes 28in (70cm) long, in
forming, hybrid perennials. H 21/2–3ft widely funnel-shaped, lavender-blue flecked, pale green bracts. Tolerates full mid-summer. Requires full shade. Z3–9
(75cm–1m), S 3ft (1m) or more. Leaves are flowers, purple striped within. Z3–8 H8–1. sun. Z3–8 H8–1. H9–1.

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H. ‘Morning Light’. Clump-forming (1.2m). Broadly oval leaves are glossy, margined creamy-white. In summer Funnel-shaped, mauve flowers, on arching H
perennial forming upright mounds of pale green. Pure white, slightly fragrant, produces funnel-shaped, purple-striped, leaf scapes 20–32in (50–80cm) long, are
foliage. H 18in (45cm), S 28in (70cm). Has trumpet-shaped flowers, to 3ft (1m) long, lavender-blue flowers on scapes 12in produced in early and mid-summer. 601
ovate, long-pointed, rich ivory-yellow are produced well above foliage and open (30cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. Z3–9 H9–1. var. albomarginata, syn.
leaves, with irregular, dark green margins. in the evening. Prefers sun. Z3–9 H9–1. H. ‘Striptease’. Densely mounding, H. ‘Thomas Hogg’, H. ‘Undulata
Produces narrowly funnel-shaped, lavender H. ‘Sagae’, syn. H. fluctuans ‘Variegata’, clump-forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), Albomarginata’. H 22in (55cm), S 24in
flowers, on scapes to 28in (70cm) long, in illus. p.273. Semierect, clump-forming S 4ft (1.2m). Has narrowly ovate to ovate (60cm), has broadly oval, flat or slightly
mid-summer. Z3–9 H9–1. perennial. H 21/2ft (75cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Very leaves, dark green leaves, glaucous wavy-margined, dark green leaves, with
H. ‘Night Before Christmas’, illus. large, roughly triangular, dark green leaves beneath, with chartreuse-green centers, irregular, cream or pale yellow margins.
p.272. Clump-forming perennial. H 2ft have gold edges which fade to cream or sometimes white-flecked, later becoming Z3–9 H9–2. var. erromena, syn.
(60cm), S 5ft (1.5m). Large, oval, slightly white. Flared, lavender flowers are borne, ivory-yellow. Produces funnel-shaped, H. ‘Undulata Erromena’. H 11⁄2ft (45cm),
wavy, rich dark green leaves are boldly on scapes 4ft (1.2m) long, in mid-summer. violet then lavender flowers on scapes, S 2ft (60cm), is robust and bears broadly
splashed with a central, bright white flash. Z3–9 H9–2. 28in (70cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3–8 oval, tapering, matt, mid-green leaves.
Has narrowly funnel-shaped, lavender H. ‘Sea Thunder’. Vigorous, dense- H8–1. var. univittata, syn. H. ‘Undulata
flowers, on scapes 36in (90cm) long, in mounding, clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Sum and Substance’. Vigorous, Univittata’. H 11⁄2ft (45cm), S 28in (70cm),
mid-summer. Z3–9 H9–2. H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 3ft (1m). Has clump-forming perennial. H and S to 3ft has oval, twisted, matt, olive-green leaves
H. nigrescens, illus. p.272. Vigorous, narrowly ovate to ovate, ivory-cream (1m). Produces large, greenish-gold leaves that have narrow, cream centers.
clump-forming perennial. H 28in (70cm), leaves, irregularly margined dark olive- that are thick in texture and, in mid- H. ‘Undulata’. See H. undulata var.
S 26in (65cm). In late summer has oval to green, often with intrusions of olive-green summer, pale lavender flowers on undulata.
heart-shaped, concave, puckered, glaucous towards center. Produces broadly funnel- scapes 3ft (1m) long. Tolerates full sun. H. ‘Undulata Albomarginata’. See
gray-green leaves, and racemes of funnel- shaped, purple flowers, on scapes 36in Z3–8 H8–1. H. undulata var. albomarginata.
shaped, pearl-gray to white flowers, on (90cm) long, in late summer. Z3–8 H8–1. H. ‘Tall Boy’. Clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Undulata Erromena’. See
undulating scapes 41/2ft (1.4m) long. Z3–9 H. ‘Shade Fanfare’. Vigorous, clump- H and S 2ft (60cm). Has large, bright green H. undulata var. erromena.
H9–2. forming perennial. H 11/2ft (45cm), S 21/2ft leaves ending in long points. In summer H. ‘Undulata Univittata’. See
H. ‘Paxton’s Original’. See H. sieboldii (75cm). Heart-shaped leaves are pale green produces masses of rich lilac flowers on H. undulata var. univittata.
‘Paxton’s Original’. with cream margins. In summer has an scapes 4ft (1.2m) or more long. Z3–9 H9–1. H. ventricosa. Clump-forming perennial.
H. ‘Piedmont Gold’. Slow-growing, abundance of lavender flowers on scapes H. tardiflora. Slow-growing, clump- H 28in (70cm), S 3ft (1m) or more. Has
clump-forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), 24in (60cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. forming perennial. H 1ft (30cm), S 21/2ft heart-shaped to oval, slightly wavy-
S 21/2ft (75cm). Smooth leaves are bright H. sieboldiana, illus. p.272. Robust, (75cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped, thick- margined, glossy, dark green leaves.
yellowish-green with fluted margins. clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m) or textured, dark green leaves. Dense Racemes of bell-shaped, deep purple
Racemes of white flowers, on scapes more, S 5ft (1.5m). Large, heart-shaped, racemes of trumpet-shaped, lilac-purple flowers, on scapes 32–36in (80–100cm)
to 26in (65cm) long, are produced in deeply ribbed, puckered leaves are bluish- flowers, on scapes 14in (35cm) long, are long, are produced above foliage in late
summer. Is best in partial shade. gray. Racemes of trumpet-shaped, very borne from late summer to early fall. summer. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Aureomarginata’.
Z3–9 H9–1. pale lilac flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm) Z3–9 H9–1. See H. ventricosa ‘Variegata’.‘Variegata’,
H. plantaginea. Lax, clump-forming long, are produced in early summer, just H. ‘Tattoo’, illus. p.273. Clump-forming syn. H. ventricosa ‘Aureomarginata’
perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m). above foliage. Makes good groundcover. perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm). produces leaves with irregular, cream
Leaves are oval and glossy, pale green. Tolerates sun, but leaves may then turn dull Broadly ovate, slightly puckered, pale margins.
Rising well above these are scapes, 26– green. Z3–9 H9–2. var. elegans has larger, green leaves have a maple-leaf-shaped, H. venusta. Vigorous, mat-forming
30in (65–75cm) long, crowned in late bluer leaves and scapes 28in (70cm) long. gold centers edged in darker green. Bears perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S to 12in (30cm).
summer and early fall with fragrant, ‘Frances Williams’ has yellow-margined bell-shaped, lavender flowers, on scapes Has oval to lance-shaped, mid- to dark
trumpet-shaped, white flowers that open leaves, scapes 28in (70cm) long, is slower- 18in (45cm) long, in mid-summer. Z3–9 green leaves. Abundant racemes of
in the evening. Prefers sunny conditions. growing and should not be grown in full H9–2. trumpet-shaped, purple flowers, on scapes
Z3–9 H9–1. var. japonica, syn. H. sun. Z3–9 H9–1. H. ‘Thomas Hogg’. See H. undulata var. 10–14in (25–35cm) long, are borne well
plantaginea ‘Grandiflora’ has larger, H. sieboldii f. kabitan, syn. H. ‘Kabitan’ albomarginata. above foliage in mid-summer. Is suitable
longer-tubed flowers, to 5in (13cm) long. Clump-forming perennial, spreading by H. tokudama, syn. H. ‘Tokudama’. Very for a rock garden. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Suzuki
Z3–9 H9–2. ‘Grandiflora’. See H. short runners. H to 1ft (30cm), S 2ft (60cm). slow-growing, clump-forming perennial. Thumbnail’ produces small leaves,
plantaginea var. japonica. Lance-shaped, thin-textured, glossy leaves H 11/2ft (45cm), S 21/2ft (75cm). Produces 2in (5cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1.
H. rectifolia. Upright, clump-forming are yellow-centered and have narrow, cup-shaped, puckered, blue leaves. H. ‘Whirlwind ’, illus. p.273. Clump-
perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 21/2ft (75cm). undulating, dark green margins. In early Racemes of trumpet-shaped, pale lilac-gray forming perennial. H 17in (43cm), S 34in
Produces oval to lance-shaped, dark green summer produces small, trumpet-shaped, flowers, on scapes 16in (40cm) long, are (85cm). Has ovate to heart-shaped, folded,
leaves and racemes of large, trumpet- pale violet flowers on scapes 12–16in produced in mid-summer. Z3–9 H9–1. twisted and pointed, white to yellowish-
shaped, violet flowers, to 24–30in (60–75cm) (30–40cm) long. Is suitable for a shaded f. aureonebulosa, syn. H. tokudama green leaves, with wide, dark green
long, from mid- to late summer. Z3–9 H9–1. rock garden. Needs establishing in a pot ‘Aureonebulosa’, H. tokudama margins. Funnel-shaped, lavender-blue
H. ‘Regal Splendor’, illus. p.272. Clump- for first few years. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Paxton’s ‘Variegata’, illus. p.274. ‘Aureonebulosa’. flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm) long, are
forming perennial. H and S 3ft (1m). Original’, syn. H. albomarginata, H. See H. tokudama f. aureonebulosa. produced in mid- and late summer. Z3–9
Arching, grayish-blue leaves are suffused ‘Paxton’s Original’, H 11⁄2ft (45cm), is f. flavocircinalis (illus. p.272), often H9–2.
white or yellow at margins. Lilac flowers, vigorous, and has round-tipped, mid- to mistaken for a juvenile H. sieboldiana H. ‘Wide Brim’. Vigorous, clump-forming
on scapes 41/2ft (1.4m) long, are produced dark green leaves with irregular, white ‘Frances Williams’, has heart-shaped perennial. H and S to 21/2ft (75cm). Leaves
in summer. Z3–9 H9–2. margins. Violet flowers are produced in leaves with wide, irregular, creamy-yellow are heavily puckered and dark blue-green,
H. ‘Remember Me’, illus. p.273. Densely late summer and are followed by ovoid, margins. Z3–9 H9–2. ‘Variegata’. See with wide, irregular, creamy-white
mounded, clump-forming perennial. H 16in glossy, dark green, then brown seed heads, H. tokudama f. aureonebulosa. margins. Produces white or very pale
(40cm), S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly oval, which are useful for flower arrangements. H. ‘Tokudama’. See H. tokudama. lavender flowers, on scapes 22in (55cm)
bright ivory-white to creamy-yellow leaves H. ‘Snowden’. Clump-forming perennial. H. ‘Torchlight’. Clump-forming long, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1.
with irregular, green-margins. Tubular, H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Has large, perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 34in (85cm). H. ‘Yellow River’. Clump-forming
lavender flowers, on scapes 16in (40cm) pointed, glaucous, blue leaves that mature Strongly red-streaked leaf stalks bear perennial. H 22in (55cm), S 3ft (1m). Has
long, are produced in mid-summer. Z3–9 to sage-green. Long stems produce white ovate, slightly folded, wavy, smooth, ovate to heart-shaped, pointed, thick, dark
H9–2. flowers tinged with green, on thick scapes dark olive-green leaves lightly streaked green leaves with irregular, yellow
H. ‘Revolution’, illus. p.273. Clump- 3ft (1m) long, in summer. Z3–9 H9–1. chartreuse, with irregular, ivory margins. margins. Leafy scapes, 3ft (1m) long, of
forming perennial. H 20in (50cm), S 31/2ft H. ‘So Sweet’, illus. p.273. Clump-forming Bears funnel-shaped, rich lavender-blue funnel-shaped, very pale lavender-blue
(1.1m). Ivory-white leaf stalks, finely perennial. H 14in (35cm), S 22in (55cm). Has flowers, on scapes 30in (75cm) long, in late flowers are produced in early summer.
outlined dark green, bear broadly ovate, ovate to lance-shaped, glossy, mid-green summer. Z3–9 H9–1. Z3–9 H9–1.
wavy, lustrous, green-flecked, ivory-cream leaves margined creamy-white. In mid- and H. undulata var. undulata, syn. H. ‘Zounds’. Slow-growing, clump-
leaves, margined and splashed dark green late summer, lavender-blue buds open to H. ‘Undulata’. Clump-forming perennial. forming perennial. H and S to 3ft (1m).
and overlaid with light olive-green. In fragrant, funnel-shaped, purple-striped, H to 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). Has lance- Large, bright gold leaves are corrugated
mid-summer has narrowly funnel-shaped, white flowers on scapes 24in (60cm) long. shaped to elliptic or narrowly ovate, and have metallic sheen. White or pale
lavender-blue flowers on scapes 20in Z3–9 H9–2. slightly pointed, twisted, deeply channeled, lavender flowers, on scapes 24in (60cm)
(50cm) long. Z3–9 H9–2. H. ‘Stiletto’. Vigorous, clump-forming mid-green leaves that are thin but leathery long, are produced in early summer. Z3–9
H. ‘Royal Standard’. Upright, clump- perennial. H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Has and strongly wavy-margined, with central, H9–1.
forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 4ft lance-shaped, rippled, mid-green leaves white or pale yellow-white markings.

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HOTTONIA Grow in rich, well-drained soil with partial flowers are borne on separate plants; large-size, specially “treated” bulbs of H.
shade in summer. Water moderately when in female flower spikes become drooping orientalis cultivars by potting in early fall,
PRIMULACEAE full growth, sparingly at other times. Stems clusters known as “hops”. Needs sun or then keep cool and damp for several weeks
require support. Cut back and thin out partial shade and well-drained soil. to ensure adequate root systems develop.
Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged crowded stems after flowering or in spring. Propagate by tip cuttings in spring. When shoot tips are visible, move into max.
water plants, grown for their foliage and Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. H. lupulus (Hops). Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Aureus’ 50°F (10°C) at first, raising temperature as
delicate, primula-like flowers. Needs sun H. australis, syn. H. darwinii. Moderately illus. p.194. more shoot appears and giving as much
and clear, cool water, still or running. vigorous, evergreen, woody-stemmed, light as possible. After forcing, keep in
Periodically, thin overcrowded growth. twining, root climber. H to 15ft (5m). Has HUNNEMANNIA a cool place to finish growth, then plant
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring or fleshy, rich green leaves. In summer out to recover. Propagate by offsets in
summer. produces trusses of 20–50 fragrant, star- PAPAVERACEAE
H. palustris, illus. p.435. shaped, white flowers, with red-purple late summer or early fall. T All parts may
markings. Z14–15 H12–8. Genus of poppy-like perennials, usually
Houstonia serpyllifolia. See Hedyotis H. bella. See H. lanceolata subsp. bella. grown as annuals. Needs sun and very cause stomach upset if ingested; contact
michauxii. H. carnosa, illus. p.460. well-drained soil. Dead-head plants with the bulbs may aggravate skin
H. coronaria. Slow-growing, evergreen, regularly. Provide support, especially in allergies.
HOUTTUYNIA woody-stemmed, twining and root climber. windy areas. Propagate by seed sown H. amethystinus. See Brimeura
H 6–10ft (2–3m). Bears thick, leathery, oblong under glass in early spring, or outdoors amethystina.
SAURURACEAE to oval leaves. In summer, bell-shaped, in mid-spring. H. azureus. See Muscari azureum.
yellow to white flowers are borne, each H. fumariifolia (Mexican tulip poppy). H. orientalis (Common hyacinth).
Genus of one species of perennial or spotted with red. Z13–15 H12–9. Z10–11 H12–9. ‘Sunlite’ is a fast-growing, ‘Amsterdam’ Winter- or spring-flowering
deciduous marginal water plant, with far- H. darwinii of gardens. See H. australis. upright perennial, grown as an annual. bulb. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 21/2 –4in
spreading rhizomes. Is sometimes used H. imperialis. Vigorous, evergreen, H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oblong, (6–10cm). Has strap-shaped, channeled,
for groundcover, but can be quite invasive. woody-stemmed, twining and root climber. very divided, bluish-green leaves and, semierect, glossy, basal leaves that develop
Prefers partial shade and moist soil or H to 20ft (6m). Oval, leathery, fleshy, mid- in summer and early fall, poppy-like, fully only after flowering. Flower stem
shallow water, beside streams and ponds. green leaves, 4–9in (10–23cm) long, are semidouble, bright yellow flowers, to bears a dense, cylindrical spike of fragrant,
Propagate by runners in spring. covered with down. In summer produces 3in (8cm) wide. tubular, bright rose-red flowers, each with
H. cordata. Chameleon’, syn. H. cordata large, star-shaped, brown-purple to deep 6 recurving petals. ‘Blue Jacket’, illus.
‘Variegata’ illus. p.444. ‘Flore Pleno’, syn. magenta flowers, each with a cream center. HYACINTHELLA p.403. ‘City of Haarlem’, illus. p.407.
H. cordata ‘Plena’ is a spreading perennial. Z12–15 H12–9. ‘Delft Blue’ has violet-flushed, soft blue
H 6–24in (15–60cm), S indefinite. Spikes H. lanceolata subsp. bella, syn. H. bella, LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE flowers. ‘Distinction’ produces slender,
of insignificant flowers, surrounded by illus. p.460. open spikes of reddish-purple flowers;
8 or more oval, white bracts, are produced H. macgillivrayi, illus. p.462. Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown those of ‘Jan Bos’ are crimson. ‘Lady
above aromatic, fleshy, leathery, heart- for their short spikes of small, bell-shaped Derby’ bears rose-pink flowers.
shaped, pointed leaves, in spring. Z6–11 HUERNIA flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens and ‘L’ Innocence’ has ivory-white flowers.
H12–2. ‘Plena’. See H. cordata ‘Flore Pleno’. cold greenhouses. Requires an open, sunny ‘Ostara’ has a large spike of blue flowers,
‘Variegata’. See H. cordata ‘Chameleon’. ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE situation and well-drained soil, which with a dark stripe along each petal center.
partially dries out while bulbs are dormant ‘Pink Pearl’ has a dense spike of carmine-
HOVENIA Genus of clump-forming, perennial in summer. Propagate by seed in fall. pink flowers. Flowers of ‘Princess Maria
succulents, grown for their finger-like, H. leucophaea, illus. p.421. Christina’ are salmon-pink; those of
RHAMNACEAE usually 4-angled stems. Has minute, short- ‘Queen of the Pinks’ are soft pink.
lived, deciduous leaves on new growth. HYACINTHOIDES ‘Violet Pearl’ produces spikes of violet
H Genus of one species of deciduous, Needs sun or partial shade and very well- flowers. ‘White Pearl’, illus. p.415. Z5–9
drained soil. Is one of easiest stapeliads to SYN. ENDYMION H9–1.
summer-flowering tree, grown for its grow. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings Bluebell
foliage. Young, immature growth is in spring or summer. HYDRANGEA
susceptible to frost damage. Prefers full H. macrocarpa, syn. H. macrocarpa var. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
sun and requires fertile, well-drained soil. arabica, illus. p.488. var. arabica. See HYDRANGEACEAE
Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer H. macrocarpa. Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown
or by seed in fall. H. pillansii. Deciduous, clump-forming, for their bluebell flowers. Is suitable for Genus of deciduous shrubs and deciduous
H. dulcis, illus. p.74. perennial succulent. H 2in (5cm), S 4in (10cm). growing in borders and for naturalizing in or evergreen, root climbers, grown for
Has a finger-like, light green stem that is grass beneath trees and shrubs. Requires their mainly domed or flattened flower
HOWEA densely covered with short tubercles with partial shade and plenty of moisture. heads. Each head usually consists of
hairlike tips. Produces bell-shaped, creamy- Prefers heavy soil. Plant bulbs in fall 4–6in masses of small, inconspicuous, fertile
SYN. HOWEIA, KENTIA red flowers, with red spots, at base of new (10–15cm) deep. Propagate by division in flowers, surrounded by or mixed with
Sentry palm growth, in summer–fall. Z13–15 H12–10. much larger, sterile flowers bearing showy,
H. primulina. See H. thuretii var. late summer or by seed in fall. T All parts petal-like sepals. However, in some forms,
PALMAE/ARECACEAE primulina. all or most of the flowers are sterile. Prefers
H. thuretii var. primulina, syn. may irritate skin on contact, and may full sun or partial shade and fertile, moist
Genus of evergreen palms, grown for their H. primulina. Deciduous, clump-forming, cause severe discomfort if ingested. but well-drained soil. Needs more shade in
ornamental appearance. Needs partial shade perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), S 6in H. hispanica of gardens. See H. x dry areas. Propagate by softwood cuttings
and rich, well-drained soil. Water container (15cm). Stems are short, thick and gray- massartiana.
specimens freely in summer, minimally in green. In summer–fall, bell-shaped, dull H. italica, syn. Scilla italica. Spring- in summer. T All parts of hydrangeas may
winter and moderately at other times. yellow flowers, 3/4in (2cm) across, with flowering bulb. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 2–3in
Propagate by seed in spring at not less than reflexed, blackish tips, are produced at (5–8cm). Produces a basal cluster of cause mild stomach upset if ingested;
79°F (26°C). Is prone to red spider mite. base of new growth. Z13–15 H12–10. narrowly strap-shaped, semierect leaves. contact with the foliage may aggravate skin
H. forsteriana, syn. Kentia fosteriana H. zebrina (Owl’s eyes). Deciduous, clump- Leafless stem produces a conical spike of allergies. See also feature panel pp.134–135.
(Kentia palm, Thatch-leaf palm). Evergreen, forming, perennial succulent. H 4in (10cm), many flattish, star-shaped, blue flowers, H. anomala subsp. petiolaris. See
upright palm with a slender stem. H 30ft S 6in (15cm). Is similar to H. thuretii var. 1/2in (1cm) across. Z4–9 H9–1. H. petiolaris.
(10m), S 10–12ft (3–4m). Has spreading, primulina, but has pale yellow-green flowers H. x massartiana (H. hispanica x H. non- H. arborescens (Smooth hydrangea).
feather-shaped leaves, 5–8ft (1.5–2.5m) with bands of red-brown. Z13–15 H12–10. scripta), syn. H. hispanica, Scilla ‘Annabelle’ (illus. p.134) Deciduous, open
long, made up of strap-shaped leaflets. campanulata, Scilla hispanica, illus. p.403. shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Long-stalked,
Branching clusters of several spikes of Humea. See Calomeria. H. non-scripta, syn. Scilla non-scripta, broadly oval leaves are glossy, dark green
small, greenish-brown flowers are Scilla nutans, illus. p.403. above, paler beneath. Very large, rounded
produced in winter. Z11–12 H12–1. HUMULUS heads of mainly sterile, white flowers are
HYACINTHUS borne in summer. Z4–9 H9–1.
Howeia. See Howea. Hops ‘Grandiflora’ has smaller flower heads
Hyacinth but larger sterile flowers. Z4–9 H9–1.
602 HOYA CANNABACEAE H. aspera. Deciduous, upright shrub with
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE arching branches. H and S to 13ft (4m).
Wax flower Genus of herbaceous, twining climbers. Young stems are finely haired. Has lance-
Is useful for concealing unsightly garden Genus of bulbs, grown for their dense shaped to ovate, dark green leaves, downy
ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE sheds or tree-stumps. Male and female spikes of fragrant, tubular flowers. Is ideal beneath. Pale blue, inner flowers,
for spring bedding displays and for pot surrounded by lilac-pink to white, outer
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, cultivation indoors. Needs an open, sunny
twining and/or root climbers and loose situation or partial shade and well-drained
shrubs, grown for their flowers and foliage. soil. Plant in fall. For winter flowers, force

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ones, are borne in summer. Z6–9 H9–5. pink. Foliage is light green. ‘Goliath’ panicles. ‘Limelight’ (illus. p.135), H 5½ft From mid- to late summer bears flat heads
‘Mauvette’ (illus. p.135) has slightly (Hortensia), H and S 3ft (1m), has dark (1.7m), S 7ft (2.2m), is robust and produces of pink, lilac or white inner and pink or
deeper purple-mauve flowers. subsp. green leaves and produces very large very dense, broadly conical panicles of blue outer flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Bluebird’
sargentiana, syn. H. sargentiana (illus. florets of soft pink to pale blue flowers in lime-green, sterile florets in mid-summer (illus. p.135) has pale pink, pale purple or
p.135), S 6ft (2m), is a gaunt shrub with small heads. ‘Hamburg’ (Hortensia), illus. gradually maturing to a mixture of lime- blue flowers. ‘Diadem’ (illus. p.134) has a
peeling bark, sturdy shoots and very large, p.134, H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m), is vigorous green and warm pink by mid-fall. Needs compact habit and bright blue—sometimes
narrowly oval, bristly, dull green leaves, and has large, deep pink to deep blue moderate pruning. ‘Phantom’ (illus. pink—flowers. ‘Grayswood’ (illus. p.135),
gray down beneath. In late summer to mid- flowers with serrated sepals. ‘Lanarth p.134), H 5ft (1.5m), S 7ft (2.2m), is a robust, H and S 5ft (1.5m), is slow-growing and
fall bears broad heads of flowers, the inner White’ (Lacecap) , H and S 5ft (1.5m), has upright cultivar producing dense, conical, bears blue fertile flowers surrounded by
ones small and blue or deep purple, the pink or blue fertile flowers edged with pure rounded panicles of sterile, white florets, white to pink, sterile flowers. ‘Kiyosumi’
outer ones larger and white, sometimes white sterile flowers. ‘Libelle’ (Lacecap), flushed yellow-green at tips, in mid- (illus. p.134) produces purple, young leaves
flushed purplish-pink. Z7–8 H8–7. Villosa illus. p.135, H and S 5ft (1.5m), produces summer; these mature to warm, deep pink and pink to white fertile flowers
Group, syn. H. villosa illus. p.133. very pale blue flowers, fading to creamy- by early fall. Needs moderate to hard surrounded by red-edged, white sterile
H. bretschneideri. See H. heteromalla white, over a long period. ‘Lilacina’, syn. pruning. Flower heads of PINK DIAMOND flowers. ‘Preziosa’. See H. ‘Preziosa’.
‘Bretschneideri’. H. macrophylla ‘Mariesii Lilacina’ (‘Interhydia’), illus. p.135 turn pink with H. serratifolia, syn. H. integerrima,
H. heteromalla. Deciduous, arching (Lacecap), illus. p.134, H and S 6ft (2m), age. PINKY-WINKY (‘Dvppinky’), illus. illus. p.196.
shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Narrowly has deep lilac central flowers and pinkish- p.134, H 4½ft (1.4m), S 5½ft (1.6m), has a H. villosa. See H. aspera Villosa Group.
oval, dark green leaves turn yellow in fall. purple outer flowers. ‘Madame Emile compact, upright, slightly spreading habit
Broad, flat, open heads of white flowers, Mouillère’ (Hortensia), illus. p.134 has with dark red stems, yellowish-green leaves HYDROCHARIS
7in (17cm) across, are borne in mid- and white flowers, becoming pale pink, and and dense, tapered, conical panicles of
late summer. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Bretschneideri’, prefers partial shade. ‘Mariesii Lilacina’. lime-green, sterile florets in mid-summer; Frogbit
syn. H. bretschneideri has peeling, chestnut- See H. macrophylla ‘Lilacina’. ‘Mariesii these mature to deep pink by early fall. HYDROCHARITACEAE
brown bark and large leaves, to 5in (12cm) Perfecta’, syn. H. macrophylla ‘Blue Wave’ Responds well to moderate pruning. Is
long and half as much wide. Z5–8 H8–5. (Lacecap) , H 6ft (2m), S to 8ft (2.5m), good in a small garden. ‘Praecox’ flowers Genus of one species of deciduous,
‘Snowcap’ (illus. p.134) has large, flat, produces heads of rich blue or lilac to pink from mid-summer. ‘Silver Dollar’ (illus. perennial, floating water plant, grown for
white flower heads, to10in (25cm) across. flowers. ‘Möwe’ (Lacecap), illus. p.135, p.134), H 4ft (1.2m), S 5½ft (1.7m), is its foliage and flowers. Requires an open,
Z5–8 H8–5. H and S 3ft (1m), has broad, flat flower compact with strong stems supporting very sunny position in still water. Propagate by
H. integerrima. See H. serratifolia. heads ranging in color from purple-red to dense, rounded panicles of white, sterile detaching young plantlets as required.
H. involucrata. Deciduous, spreading, deep pink. ‘Nigra’ (Hortensia), H and S 3ft florets, tipped pale yellow-green, produced H. morsus-ranae, illus. p.434.
open shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 6ft (2m). Has (1m), has almost black stems bearing pink in mid-summer and maturing to pink in
broadly heart-shaped, bristly, mid-green or occasionally blue flowers. ‘Preziosa’. mid-fall. Responds well to hard pruning. Hydrocleis. See Hydrocleys.
leaves. In late summer–fall bears heads of See H. ‘Preziosa’. subsp. serrata. See H. Is very good in a small garden. ‘Tardiva’
small, blue, inner flowers surrounded by serrata. ‘Tokyo Delight’ (Lacecap), H and has both fertile and sterile flowers from HYDROCLEYS H
large, pale blue to white, outer ones. Z7–9 S 3ft (1m), produces pink or white flowers early to mid-fall. ‘Unique’ is similar to
H9–7. ‘Hortensis’ is smaller and has maturing to red-wine. ‘Tricolor’ (Lacecap), H.p. ‘Grandiflora’, but is more vigorous SYN. HYDROCLEIS
clusters of cream, pink and green flowers. H 6ft (2m), S 5ft (1.5m), has variegated, and has larger flowers.
H. longipes. Deciduous shrub with lax, gray-green and yellow leaves and bears H. petiolaris, syn. H. anomala subsp. LIMNOCHARITACEAE/ALISMATACEAE
spreading habit. H and S to 10ft (3m). pale pink to white in late summer. petiolaris, illus. p.195.
Rounded to ovate, toothed, rough, gray- ‘Veitchii’ (Lacecap) has lilac-blue flowers. H. ‘Preziosa’, syn. H. macrophylla subsp. Genus of deciduous or evergreen, annual
green leaves are produced on long leaf ‘Westfallen’ (Hortensia) , H and S 3ft serrata ‘Preziosa’, H. serrata ‘Preziosa’. or perennial, water plants, grown for their
stalks. Has flat, white flower heads in mid- (1m), bears bright red to purple flowers. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), floating foliage and flowers. Is best grown
summer. H. paniculata (Panicle hydrangea). S 6–8ft (2–2.5m). Has oval, toothed, light in large aquariums and tropical pools with
H. macrophylla (Bigleaf hydrangea, Vigorous, deciduous, spreading to green leaves. Pink flowers turn to deep good light. Propagate by seed when ripe or
Florist’s hydrangea). Deciduous, bushy upright shrub. H 6–10ft (2–3m), S 8–10ft crimson. Z6–9 H9–6. by tip cuttings year-round.
shrub. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 6–8ft (2–2.5m). (2.5–3m). Has ovate, pointed, toothed, H. quercifolia (Oakleaf hydrangea). H. nymphoides (Water poppy).
Has oval, toothed, glossy, light green mid- to dark green leaves. In summer and Deciduous, bushy, mound-forming shrub. Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant,
leaves. In mid- to late summer, blue or early fall produces large, usually conical H and S 6ft (2m). Deeply lobed, dark green evergreen in tropical conditions. S to 2ft
purple flowers are produced in acid soils panicles of tiny, sometimes rose-tinted, leaves turn red and purple in fall. Has white (60cm). Has floating, oval, mid-green leaves
with a pH of up to about 5.5. In neutral or creamy-white, fertile flowers surrounded flower heads from mid-summer to mid-fall. and poppy-like, yellow flowers held above
alkaline soils above this level, flowers are by large, petal-like, white, sterile flowers Z5–9 H9–5. SNOWFLAKE (‘Brido’), illus. foliage in summer. Considered invasive
pink or red. White flowers are not affected (florets) that usually mature to varying p.134 produces pure white fertile flower in subtropical regions of North America.
by pH. Prune older shoots back to base in shades of pink. Prune moderately to hard bracts surrounded by a double rank of Z9–10 H10–7.
spring. Trim back winter-damaged shoots annually to promote vigorous growth white sterile flower bracts.
to new growth and remove spent flower and large inflorescences. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Big H. sargentiana, syn. H. aspera subsp. HYGROPHILA
heads in spring. Is divided into 2 groups: Ben’ (illus. p.134), H and S 5½ft (1.7m), has sargentiana. Deciduous, upright, gaunt
Hortensias, which have domed, dense an upright habit, red stems and, in mid- shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). Has peeling ACANTHACEAE
heads of mainly sterile flowers; and summer, produces masses of large, conical bark, sturdy shoots and very large,
Lacecaps, which have flat, open heads, panicles of pale green, sterile florets that narrowly oval, bristly, dull green leaves Genus of deciduous or evergreen,
each with fertile flowers in center and turn white and then mature to deep pink with gray down beneath. In late summer to perennial, submerged water plants and
larger, sterile flowers on outside that are in mid-fall. Needs moderate to hard mid-fall bears broad heads of flowers, the marsh plants, grown for their foliage.
green in bud. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Altona’ pruning. ‘Brussels Lace’ has dark green inner ones small and blue or deep purple, Remove fading leaves regularly. Propagate
(Hortensia), illus. p.134, H 3ft (1m), S 5ft leaves and white flowers in late summer the outer ones larger and white, sometimes by stem cuttings in spring or summer.
(1.5m), has large heads of rich pink to deep and early fall. Needs moderate pruning. flushed purplish-pink. Z7–8 H8–7. H. corymbosa ‘Stricta’. Deciduous, erect
purple-blue flowers. ‘Ami Pasquier’ ‘Dharuma’ (illus. p.135), H and S 4ft H. scandens subsp. chinensis. perennial suited to pond margins. H and S
(Hortensia), illus. p.135, H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft (1.2m), is a compact, relatively slow- Deciduous, woody-stemmed, scandent 12in (30cm). Long, slender leaves are
(1m), is compact, with deep crimson or growing cultivar with mahogany-red shrub. H and S to 10ft (3m). Has spreading, purple in spring and fall. Clusters of blue
blue-purple flowers. ‘Ayesha’ (Hortensia), stems, dark green leaves and rounded often pendent, branchlets and lance- flowers bloom on the main stem in
illus. p.135, H and S 3ft (1m), has flattened panicles of white, sterile florets in mid- shaped, slightly leathery, toothed, mid- summer. Z9-11, H12-8.
heads of pink to lilac flowers and deep summer; these mature to deep pink by green leaves. In summer produces
green leaves. ‘Blue Bonnet’ (Hortensia), mid-fall. Is best left unpruned or given numerous, flattened flower heads with HYLOCEREUS 603
illus. p.135, H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m), only light pruning annually. Is good in a central clusters of small, white, sterile
produces heads of rich blue or lilac to pink small garden. ‘Floribunda’ has dense flowers and several blue to white, sterile CACTACEAE
flowers. ‘Blue Wave’. See H. macrophylla conical heads of small, fertile, central flowers along the margins. Is suitable for
‘Mariesii Perfecta’.‘Europa’ (Hortensia), flowers surrounded by large, white ray training along a low wall. Z7–9 H9–7. Genus of fast-growing, perennial cacti,
illus. p.135, H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m), flowers. ‘Grandiflora’ has large, oval H. seemannii, illus. p.196. grown for their erect, slender, climbing
produces large florets of rich pink flowers. and dark green leaves. Large, conical H. serrata, syn. H. macrophylla subsp. stems that are jointed into sections, and
Flower heads of ‘Générale Vicomtesse panicles of mostly sterile, white flowers serrata (Mountain hydrangea). Deciduous, many aerial roots. Makes successful
de Vibraye’ (Hortensia), illus. p.134, H and turn pink or red from late summer. Prune bushy, dense shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). grafting stock, except in northern Europe.
S 5ft (1.5m), are rounded and pale blue or back hard in spring to obtain largest Has slender stems and light green leaves. Needs sun or partial shade and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by stem cuttings
in spring or summer.
H. undatus (Night-blooming cereus,
Queen-of-the-night). Fast-growing,
climbing, perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m),

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S indefinite. Has freely branching, H. flavum (Australian frangipani). H. x moserianum. Deciduous, arching S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has very slender, narrowly
3-angled, weakly spined, dark green stems, Evergreen, erect shrub or tree, gradually shrub. H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Small, lance-shaped, erect leaves. Stems each
3in (7cm) wide and jointed into sections. spreading with age. H 30ft (10m) or more, bowl-shaped, yellow flowers are produced produce an upward-facing flower with
In summer bears flattish, white flowers, S 15ft (5m) or more. Has oval to oblong, above oval, dark green leaves from mid- pointed, white or yellow petals and purple
12in (30cm) across, that last only one night. lustrous, rich green leaves. In spring– summer to mid-fall. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Tricolor’ eye. Z9–10 H10–9.
Z11 H12–10. summer bears terminal panicles of very has leaves margined white and pink. H. stellata. See H. capensis.
fragrant, tubular, 5-petaled, cream flowers Prefers a sheltered position.
HYLOMECON that age to deep sulfur-yellow. Z9–11 H12–9. H. olympicum. Deciduous, upright, HYPSELA
slightly spreading, dense subshrub.
PAPAVERACEAE HYPERICUM H 6–12in (15–30cm), S to 6in (15cm). Tufts CAMPANULACEAE
of upright stems are covered in small, oval,
Genus of one species of vigorous perennial, St. John’s-wort gray-green leaves. Produces terminal Genus of vigorous, creeping perennials,
grown for its large, cup-shaped flowers. Is clusters of up to 5 cup-shaped, bright grown for their flowers and heart-shaped
good for rock gardens, borders and HYPERICACEAE/CLUSIACEAE yellow flowers in summer. Z5–8 H8–5. leaves. Is good as groundcover, especially
woodlands but may be invasive. Prefers ‘Sulphureum’. See H. olympicum in rock gardens. Needs shade and moist
partial shade and rich, moist soil. Genus of perennials and deciduous, f. uniflorum‘Citrinum’. f. uniflorum soil. Propagate by division in spring.
Propagate by division in spring or by semievergreen or evergreen subshrubs and ‘Citrinum’, syn. H. olympicum H. longiflora. See H. reniformis.
seed in fall. shrubs, grown for their conspicuous yellow ‘Sulphureum’ illus. p.343. H. reniformis, syn. H. longiflora.
H. japonica, illus. p.335. flowers with prominent stamens. Large H. patulum. Evergreen or semievergreen, Vigorous, creeping, stemless perennial.
species and cultivars need sun or partial upright shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Large, H 3/4in (2cm), S indefinite. Has tiny, heart-
Hylotelephium anacampseros. See shade and fertile, not too dry soil. Smaller cup-shaped, golden-yellow flowers are shaped, fleshy leaves and, in spring–
Sedum anacampseros. types, which are good in rock gardens, produced above oval, dark green leaves summer, small, star-shaped, pink-and-
Hylotelephium cauticola. See Sedum do best in full sun and well-drained soil. from mid-summer to mid-fall. Z7–9 H9–7. white flowers. Z7–9 H9–7.
cauticola. Propagate species subshrubs and shrubs H. patulum var. grandiflorum. See
Hylotelephium ewersii. See Sedum by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed H. kouytchense. HYSSOPUS
ewersii. in fall, cultivars by softwood cuttings only H. reptans. Deciduous, mat-forming
Hylotelephium populifolium. See in summer, perennials by seed or division shrub. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Oval, Hyssop
Sedum populifolium. in fall or spring. Is generally trouble-free green leaves turn yellow or bright red in
Hylotelephium sieboldii. See Sedum but H. x inodorum ‘Elstead’ is susceptible fall. In summer produces flattish, golden- LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
sieboldii. to rust, which produces orange spots on yellow flowers, crimson-flushed outside.
Hylotelephium spectabile. See Sedum leaves, H. ‘Hidcote’ to a virus that makes Is suitable for a rock garden. Z7–9 H9–7. Genus of perennials and semievergreen or
spectabile. leaves narrow and variegated. H. rhodoppeum. See H. cerastioides. deciduous shrubs, grown for their flowers,
Hylotelephium tatarinowii. See Sedum H. balearicum. Evergreen, compact H. ‘Rowallane’, illus. p.206. which attract bees and butterflies, and for
tatarinowii. shrub. H and S to 2ft (60cm). Small, oval, their aromatic foliage, which has culinary
Hymenanthera crassifolia. See green leaves have wavy edges and rounded Hypocyrta radicans. See Nematanthus and medicinal uses. May be grown as a low
Melicytus crassifolius. tips. Solitary, large, fragrant, shallowly gregarius. hedge. Requires full sun and fertile, well-
Hymenanthera. See Melicytus. cup-shaped, yellow flowers are produced Hypocyrta strigillosa. See Nematanthus drained soil. Cut back hard or, if grown as
at stem tips above foliage from early strigillosus. a hedge, trim lightly, in spring. Propagate
HYMENOCALLIS summer to fall. Z6–9 H9–6. by softwood cuttings in summer or by seed
H. beanii ‘Gold Cup’. See H. x HYPOESTES in fall.
Spider lily cyathiflorum ‘Gold Cup’. H. officinalis, illus. p.157. subsp.
H. bellum. Semievergreen, arching shrub. Polka-dot plant aristatus is a semievergreen or deciduous,
H AMARYLLIDACEAE H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Cup-shaped, upright, dense shrub. H 2ft (60cm), S 3ft
golden-yellow flowers are borne from ACANTHACEAE (1m). Aromatic, narrowly lance-shaped
Genus of bulbs, some of which are mid-summer to early fall. Shoots are leaves are bright green. Densely clustered,
evergreen, grown for their fragrant red. Oval, wavy-edged, mid-green leaves Genus of mainly evergreen perennials, small, 2-lipped, dark blue flowers are
flowers, somewhat like those of large redden in fall. Z5–9 H9–5. shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their produced from mid-summer to early fall.
daffodils. Needs a sheltered site, full sun H. calycinum, illus. p.161. flowers and foliage. Needs bright light and Z6–8 H9–2.
or partial shade and well-drained soil. Plant H. cerastioides, syn. H. rhodoppeum. well-drained soil. Water often in growing
in early summer, lifting for winter in cold Vigorous, evergreen subshrub with upright season, less in winter. Cut back straggly
districts. Alternatively, grow in a heated and arching branches. H 6in (15cm) or stems. Propagate by stem cuttings in
greenhouse; reduce water in winter, more, S 16–20in (40–50cm). Leaves are oval, spring or summer. H. phyllostachya may
without drying out completely, then repot hairy and soft grayish-green. In late spring be grown as an annual using seed sown in
in spring. Propagate by offsets in spring and early summer produces masses of spring.
or early summer. saucer-shaped, bright yellow flowers in H. aristata (Ribbon bush). Evergreen,
H. calathina. See Ismene narcissiflora. terminal clusters. Cut back hard after bushy perennial or subshrub. H to 3ft (1m),
H. festalis. See Ismene x deflexa. flowering. Is suitable for a large rock S 2ft (60cm). Has oval, mid-green leaves, to
H. x macrostephana. See Ismene x garden. Z6–9 H9–6. 3in (8cm) long. Small, tubular, deep pink
macrostephana. H. coris. Evergreen, open, dome-shaped, to purple flowers are produced in terminal
H. narcissiflora. See Ismene narcissiflora. occasionally prostrate, subshrub. H 6–12in spikes in late winter. Z14–15 H12–10.
H. speciosa. Evergreen, winter-flowering (15–30cm), S 8in (20cm) or more. Bears H. phyllostachya, syn. H. sanguinolenta,
bulb. H and S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has long-stemmed whorls of 3 or 4 pointed, illus. p.300.
broadly elliptic, semierect, basal leaves. oval leaves. Produces panicles of shallowly H. sanguinolenta of gardens. See H.
Produces a head of 5–10 fragrant, white cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers, phyllostachya.
or green-white flowers, 8–12in (20–30cm) streaked red, in summer. Is suitable for
wide, with a funnel-shaped cup and 6 long, a sheltered rock garden. Z7–9 H9–7. HYPOXIS
narrow petals. Z14–15 H12–10. H. x cyathiflorum ‘Gold Cup’, syn. H.
H. x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Queen’. See beanii ‘Gold Cup’. Semievergreen, arching Starflower
Ismene x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Queen’. shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Produces pinkish-
brown shoots, oval, dark green leaves and, HYPOXIDACEAE
604 HYMENOSPORUM from mid-summer to early fall, large, cup-
shaped, golden-yellow flowers. Z8–9 H9–8. Genus of spring- or summer-flowering
Australian frangipani H. empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum. corms, grown for their flat, star-shaped
See H. empetrifolium var. prostratumof flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens.
PITTOSPORACEAE gardens. var. prostratum of gardens, Requires full sun and light, well-drained
syn. H. empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring.
Genus of one species of evergreen shrub illus. p.373. H. angustifolia. Summer-flowering corm.
or tree, grown for its flowers and overall H. ‘Hidcote’, illus. p.160. H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has
appearance. Prefers full sun, though some H. x inodorum ‘Elstead’, illus. p.161. slender, hairy, semierect, basal leaves.
shade is tolerated. Requires rich, well- H. kouytchense, syn. H. patulum var. Stems each bear 3–7 star-shaped, yellow
drained soil, ideally neutral to acid. Water grandiflorum, illus. p.161. flowers. Z11–14 H12–8.
container specimens freely when in full H. capensis, syn. H. stellata, Spiloxene
growth, less at other times. Propagate by capensis. Spring-flowering corm with a
seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring or basal leaf cluster. H 4–8in (10–20cm),
by semiripe cuttings in late summer.

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I early winter. Holly leaf miners and holly shrimp-pink when young. Bears an Branches are dark purple when young. I
abundance of bright red berries. Is good Oval, puckered, slightly spiny leaves are
IBERIS aphids may cause problems. T Berries for hedging. ‘Argentea Marginata dark green. Produces a good crop of red 605
Pendula’, H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a berries. Is useful as a hedge or for a tub.
Candytuft may cause mild stomach upset if ingested. slow-growing, weeping, female tree with ‘Madame Briot’ (illus. p.94), H 30ft (10m),
See also feature panel p.94. purple young branches and broadly oval, S 15ft (5m), is a vigorous, bushy, female tree
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE I. x altaclerensis. Group of vigorous, spiny, dark green leaves, mottled with with purplish-green young branches.
evergreen shrubs and trees. Is resistant to gray-green and broadly edged with cream. Leaves are large, broadly oval, spiny and
Genus of annuals, perennials, evergreen pollution and coastal exposure. Z7–9 H9–7. Bears red fruits. Is good as a specimen dark green with bright golden borders.
subshrubs and shrubs, grown for their ‘Balearica’ (illus. p.94) is an erect, female plant in a small garden. ‘Atlas’, H 15ft Bears scarlet berries. ‘Ovata Aurea’,
flowers and excellent for rock gardens. tree. H 40ft (12m), S 15ft (5m). Has green to (5m), S 10ft (3m), is an erect, male shrub H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense, male
Some species are short-lived, flowering olive-green young branches and large, with green young branches and oval, shrub with reddish-brown young branches
themselves to death. Requires sun and broadly oval, spiny- or smooth-edged, spiny, glossy, dark green leaves. Is useful and oval, regularly spiny, dark green leaves
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in glossy, dark green leaves. Freely produces for landscaping and hedging. ‘Aurea with bright golden margins. ‘Pyramidalis’,
spring, subshrubs and shrubs by semiripe large, bright red berries. ‘Belgica’, Regina’. See I. aquifolium ‘Golden Queen’. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a dense, female
cuttings in summer. H 40ft (12m), S 15ft (5m), is an erect, dense, ‘Aurifodina’, H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m), is tree that does not require cross-fertilization
I. amara, illus. p.299. ‘Giant Hyacinth- female tree. Young branches are green to an erect, dense, female shrub with purplish to produce fruits. Has green young
flowered’ is a group of fast-growing, yellowish-green. Has large, lance-shaped young branches. Oval, spiny leaves are branches and narrowly elliptic, slightly
upright, bushy annuals. H 12in (30cm), to oblong, spiny- or smooth-edged, glossy, olive-green with golden margins that turn spiny, mid-green leaves. Produces masses of
S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green mid-green leaves. Large, orange-red fruits tawny-yellow in winter. Produces a good scarlet fruits. Is suitable for a small garden.
leaves and, in summer, flattish heads are freely produced. ‘Belgica Aurea’, syn. crop of deep scarlet fruits. f. bacciflava. ‘Pyramidalis Aureomarginata’ (illus.
of large, scented, 4-petaled flowers in I. x altaclerensis ‘Silver Sentinel’, I. perado See I. a. ‘Bacciflava’. ‘Bacciflava’, syn. p.94), H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is an upright,
a variety of colors. Z11 H10–1. ‘Aurea’ (illus. p.94), H 25ft (8m), S 10ft (3m), I. a. bacciflava (illus. p.94), H 70ft (20m), female shrub with green young branches
I. commutata. See I. sempervirens . is an upright, female tree. Young branches S 20ft (6m), is a much-branched, usually and narrowly elliptic, mid-green leaves
I. saxatilis, illus. p.360. are green with yellow streaks. Has large, erect shrub or tree with variably shaped, with prominent, golden margins and spines
I. sempervirens, syn. I. commutata, illus. lance-shaped, mainly spineless, dark green wavy, sharply spined, glossy, dark green on upper half. Bears a large crop of red
p.332. ‘Schneeflocke’. See I. sempervirens leaves, mottled with gray-green and leaves and yellow fruits. ‘Crispa berries. ‘Pyramidalis Fructu Luteo’,
‘Snowflake’. ‘Snowflake’, syn. irregularly edged with yellow. Red berries Aureopicta’, H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m), H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is a conical, female
I. sempervirens ‘Schneeflocke’ is an are produced only rarely. ‘Camelliifolia’ is a male tree of open habit. Narrowly oval, shrub that broadens with age. Branches
evergreen, spreading subshrub. H 6–12in (illus. p.94), H 46ft (14m), S 10ft (3m), is a twisted, sparsely spiny, blackish-green are green when young. Has oval, often
(15–30cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). Leaves are narrow, pyramidal, female tree with purple leaves are centrally blotched with golden- spineless, dark green leaves and bears
narrowly oblong, glossy and dark green. young branches and large, oblong, mainly yellow. Foliage tends to revert to plain yellow berries. Is excellent for a small
Dense, semi-spherical heads of 4-petaled, smooth-edged, glossy, dark green leaves. green. ‘Ferox’ (Hedgehog holly), H 20ft garden. ‘Scotica’, H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m),
white flowers are produced in late spring Reliably produces large, scarlet fruits; is an (6m), S 12ft (4m), is an open, male shrub is a large, stiff, compact, female shrub with
and early summer. Trim after flowering. excellent specimen tree. ‘Camelliifolia with purple young branches and oval, dark oval, usually spineless, slightly twisted,
Z5–9 H9–5. Variegata’ (illus. p.94), H 25ft (8m), green leaves with spines over the entire glossy, very dark green leaves and red
I. umbellata (Globe candytuft). Fast- S 10ft (3m), is similar to I. x a. ‘Camelliifolia’, leaf surface. ‘Ferox Argentea’ (illus. p.94) fruits. ‘Silver King’. See I. aquifolium
growing, upright, bushy annual. H 6–12in but leaves have broad, yellow margins. is similar to I.a. ‘Ferox’, but has leaves with ‘Silver Queen’. ‘Silver Milkboy’. See
(15–30cm), S 8in (20cm). Has lance-shaped, ‘Golden King’ (illus. p.94), H 20ft (6m), cream margins. ‘Flavescens’ (Moonlight I. aquifolium ‘Silver Milkmaid’. ‘Silver
mid-green leaves. Heads of small, S 15ft (5m), is a bushy, female shrub. Young holly), H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is a Milkmaid’, syn. I. aquifolium ‘Silver
4-petaled, white or pale purple flowers, branches are green with a purplish flush. columnar, female shrub with purplish-red Milkboy’ (illus. p.94), H 18ft (5.5m), S 12ft
sometimes bicolored, are produced in Has large, oblong to oval, sometimes young branches. Variably shaped leaves (4m), is a dense, female shrub. Oval, wavy-
summer and early fall. H12–1. Fairy slightly spiny, dark green leaves, splashed are dark green, with yellowish flush when edged, very spiny leaves are bronze when
Series, illus. p.304. with gray-green in center and with bright young that will last year-round when young, maturing to bright green, each
yellow margin that turns to cream on older grown in good light. Produces plentiful, with a central, creamy-white blotch, but
IDESIA leaves. Is not a good fruiter, bearing only a red berries. ‘Golden Milkboy’ (illus. p.94), tend to revert to plain green. Produces an
few reddish-brown berries, but is excellent H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense, male abundance of scarlet berries. Makes an
FLACOURTIACEAE/SALICACEAE as a hedge or a specimen plant. shrub with purplish-green young branches excellent specimen plant. ‘Silver Queen’,
‘Hodginsii’, H 46ft (14m), S 30ft (10m), is and oval, very spiny, bright green leaves syn. I. aquifolium ‘Silver King’ (illus. p.94),
Genus of one species of deciduous, a vigorous, dense, male tree. Shoots are with heavily blotched, bright yellow H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m), is a dense shrub
summer-flowering tree, grown for its purple; leaves are broadly oval, sparsely centers. Leaves tend to revert to plain that, despite its name, is male. Has purple
foliage and fruits. Both male and female spiny and glossy, blackish-green. green. ‘Golden Queen’, syn. I. aquifolium young branches. Oval, spiny leaves, pink
plants are required to obtain fruits. Needs ‘Lawsoniana’, H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m), is ‘Aurea Regina’, H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m), is when young, mature to very dark green,
sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but a bushy, female shrub. Is similar to I. x a. a dense tree that, despite its name, is male. almost black, with broad, cream edging.
well-drained soil, preferably neutral to ‘Golden King’, but has leaves splashed Broadly oval, very spiny, mid-green leaves ‘Watereriana’, syn. I. aquifolium
acidic. Propagate by softwood cuttings irregularly in center with gold and lighter are edged with golden-yellow. ‘Golden ‘Waterer’s Gold’, H  and S 15ft (5m), is
in summer or by seed in fall. green. Foliage tends to revert to plain van Tol’, H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m), a sport a dense, male bush with green young
I. polycarpa, illus. p.75. green. ‘N.F. Barnes’, H 18ft (5.5m), of I.a. ‘J.C. van Tol’, is an upright, female branches streaked yellow. Oval, spiny- or
S 12ft (4m), is a dense, female shrub with shrub with purple young branches. Oval, smooth-edged, grayish-green leaves have
ILEX purple shoots, oval, mainly entire but puckered, slightly spiny, dark green leaves broad, golden margins. Is best grown as a
spine-tipped, glossy, dark green leaves have irregular, clear yellow margins. specimen plant. ‘Waterer’s Gold’. See
Holly and red berries. ‘Silver Sentinel’. See Produces a sparse crop of red fruits. Is I. aquifolium ‘Watereriana’.
I. x altaclerensis ‘Belgica Aurea’.‘Wilsonii’, good for hedging or as a specimen plant. I. x aquipernyi. Evergreen, upright shrub.
AQUIFOLIACEAE H 25ft (8m), S 15ft (5m), is a vigorous, ‘Handsworth New Silver’, H 25ft (8m), H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). Has small, oval,
female tree with purplish-green young S 15ft (5m), is a dense, columnar, female spiny, glossy, dark green leaves with long
Genus of evergreen or deciduous trees and branches and large, oblong to oval, glossy, shrub with purple branches. Oblong to tips. Berries are large and red. Z6–8 H8–6.
shrubs, grown for their foliage and fruits mid-green leaves with prominent veins oval, spiny, dark green leaves have broad, I. chinensis. See I. purpurea .
Mainly spherical berries, ranging in color and large spines. Freely produces large, cream margins. Bears a profusion of bright I. ciliospinosa. Evergreen, upright shrub
from red through yellow to black, are scarlet fruits and makes a good hedging red fruits. Is excellent as a hedge or or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Has small,
produced in fall, following insignificant, or specimen plant. specimen plant and is good for a small oval, weak-spined, dull green leaves and
usually white, flowers borne in spring. I. aquifolium (English holly), illus. p.94. garden. ‘Hascombensis’, H 5ft (1.5m), red berries. Z6–9 H9–6.
Almost all plants are unisexual, and to Evergreen, much-branched, erect shrub or S 3–4ft (1–1.2m), is a slow-growing, dense I. cornuta (Chinese holly). Evergreen,
obtain fruits on a female plant a male also tree. H 70ft (20m), S 20ft (6m). Has variably shrub of unknown sex with purplish-green dense, rounded shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 15ft
needs to be grown. All prefer well-drained shaped, wavy, sharply spined, glossy, dark young branches and small, oval, spiny, (5m). Rectangular, dull green leaves are
soil. Grow in sun or shade, but deciduous green leaves and bright red berries. Z7–9 dark green leaves. Does not produce spiny except on older bushes. Produces
plants and those with variegated foliage do H9–7. ‘Amber’, illus. p.92. ‘Argentea berries. Is suitable for a rock garden. ‘J.C. large, red berries. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Burfordii’,
best in sun or partial shade. Hollies resent Marginata’ (illus. p.94), H 46ft (14m), van Tol’, H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m), is an S 8ft (2.5m), is female, has glossy leaves
being transplanted, but respond well to S 15ft (5m), is a columnar, female tree open, female shrub that does not require with only a terminal spine and bears a
hard pruning which should be done in late with green young branches streaked with cross-fertilization to produce fruits. profusion of fruits. Z6–9 H9–1. ‘Rotunda’,
spring. Propagate by seed in spring or by cream. Broadly oval, spiny, dark green
semiripe cuttings from late summer to leaves, with wide, cream margins, are

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ILEX

I H 6ft (2m), S 4ft (1.2m), is also female and I. macrocarpa. Deciduous, upright tree. I. floridanum (Purple anise). Evergreen, small, double or semidouble flowers, in
produces a small crop of fruits; is useful for H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, oval, bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Lance- shades of red or pink. Fiesta Series
606 a tub or small garden. saw-toothed, mid-green leaves and very shaped, leathery, deep green leaves are ‘Fiesta Apple Blossom’, H 10–16in
I. crenata (Japanese holly). Evergreen, large, black berries. Z7–9 H9–7. very aromatic. Star-shaped, red or (25–40cm), S 10–14in (25– 35cm), is a
spreading shrub or tree. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft I. x meserveae (Blue holly). Group of purplish-red flowers, with numerous, mound-forming, well branched and
(3m). Has very small, oval, dark green vigorous, evergreen, dense shrubs. Does narrow petals, are produced in late spring prolific. Produces fully double, dark-
leaves with rounded teeth. Bears glossy, not thrive in a maritime climate. Has oval, and early summer. Z7–9 H9–4. centered, blush-pink flowers in summer–
black fruits. Is useful for landscaping or glossy, greenish-blue leaves. Z5–9 H9–5. fall. Is good in a hanging basket or other
as hedging. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Bullata’. See BLUE PRINCESS (‘Conapri’), illus. p.94, IMPATIENS container or in a border. Hates drought.
I. crenata ‘Convexa’. ‘Convexa’, syn. I. H 10ft (3m), S 4ft (1.2m), is female and has MASQUERADE (‘Tuckmas’), illus. p.307.
crenata ‘Bullata’ (illus. p.94), H 8ft (2.5m ), purplish-green young branches, small, Balsam, Busy Lizzie Super Elfin Series, H  and S 8in (20cm),
S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m ), is a dense, female shrub oval, wavy, spiny leaves and an abundance has flowers in mixed colors. Swirl Series
with purplish-green young branches and of red fruits. BALSAMINACEAE plants, H 6–8in (15–20cm), S to 24in (60cm),
oval, puckered, glossy leaves. Bears glossy, I. opaca (American holly). Evergreen, have light green to red-flushed stems and
black fruits. ‘Helleri’, H 4ft (1.2m), S 3–4ft erect tree. H 46ft (14m), S 4ft (1.2m). Does Genus of annuals and mainly evergreen leaves. In summer bear pink- and-orange
(1–1.2m), is a spreading, female shrub with not thrive in a maritime climate. Oval perennials and subshrubs, often with flowers margined in rose-red. Tempo
green young branches, oval leaves with leaves are dull green above, yellow-green succulent but brittle stems. In cold Series, H to 9in (23cm), include shades
few spines and glossy, black fruits. Is much beneath and spiny- or smooth-edged. Has climates, some may be herbaceous. Prefers of violet, orange, pink and red, as well
used for landscaping. f. latifolia, syn. I. red fruits. Z5–9 H9–5. sun or partial shade and moist but not as bicolors and picotees.
crenata ‘Latifolia’, H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m), I. pedunculosa (Longstalk holly). waterlogged soil. Propagate by seed or by
is a spreading to erect, female shrub or tree Evergreen, upright shrub or tree. H 30ft stem cuttings in spring or summer. Red IMPERATA
with green young branches and broadly (10m), S 20ft (6m). Oval, dark green leaves spider mite, aphids and whitefly may cause
oval leaves with tiny teeth. Produces glossy, are smooth-edged. Bright red berries are problems under glass. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
black berries. ‘Latifolia’. See I. crenata borne on very long stalks. Z6–9 H9–6. I. balsamina, illus. p.300. ‘Blackberry
f. latifolia. var. paludosa, H 6–12in I. perado ‘Aurea’. See I. x altaclerensis Ice’ is a fast-growing, upright, bushy See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
(15–30cm), S indefinite, is a prostrate shrub ‘Belgica Aurea’. annual. H 28in (70cm), S 18in (45cm). and SEDGES.
or tree with very small, oval, dark green I. pernyi, illus. p.94. Slow-growing, Half hardy. Has lance-shaped, pale I. cylindrica ‘Rubra’, illus. p.285.
leaves with rounded teeth. Bears glossy, evergreen, stiff shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft green leaves and, in summer and early fall,
black fruits. ‘Variegata’, H 12ft (4m), (4m). Has pale green young branches and large, double, purple flowers, splashed INCARVILLEA
S 8ft (2.5m), is an open, male shrub. Oval small, oblong, spiny, dark green leaves. with white. H12–1. Tom Thumb Series,
leaves are spotted or blotched with yellow, Produces red berries. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Jermyns H to 12in (30cm), S 18in (45cm), is a dwarf, BIGNONIACEAE
but tend to revert to plain green. Dwarf’, syn. I. ‘Jermyns Dwarf’, H 2ft sparsely branched, slightly hairy annual
I. dipyrena (Himalayan holly). Evergreen, (60cm), S 4ft (1.2m), is low-growing and with toothed leaves. From summer to early Genus of late spring- or summer-flowering
dense, upright tree. H 40ft (12m), S 25ft female, with glossy, very spiny leaves. fall produces double, pink, scarlet, violet or perennials, suitable for rock gardens and
(8m). Elliptic, dull green leaves are spiny I. purpurea, syn. I. chinensis. Evergreen, white flowers. H12–1. borders. Protect crowns with straw or
when young, later smooth-edged. Bears upright tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). I. Expo Series ‘Expo Pink’, illus. p.307. compost in winter. Requires sun and fertile,
large, red fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. Oval, thin-textured, glossy, dark green I. Fusion Series FUSION PEACH FROST well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall
I. fargesii. Evergreen, broadly conical leaves have rounded teeth. Lavender (‘Balfuspeafro’), illus. p.325. or spring.
tree or shrub. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). flowers are followed by egg-shaped, I. New Guinea Group ‘Mimas’. I. delavayi, illus. p.265.
Has green or purple shoots and oval, glossy, scarlet fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. Subshrubby hybrid perennial, grown I. mairei, illus. p.265.
small-toothed, mid- to dark green leaves. I. serrata (Japanese winterberry). as an annual. H 12in (30cm), S 14–16in
Produces red berries. Z6–9 H9–6. var. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 12ft (4m), (35–40cm). Opposite or whorled, toothed, INDIGOFERA
brevifolia, H 12ft (4m), is dense S 8ft (2.5m). Small, oval, finely toothed, mid-green leaves often have central
and rounded. bright green leaves are downy when yellowish-green marks. Bears large, red LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
I. georgei. Evergreen, compact shrub. young. Pink flowers are followed by small, open-faced flowers in spring–fall. Z9–15
H 15ft (5m), S 12ft (4m). Has small, lance- red fruits. Z5–7 H7–5. f. leucocarpa H7–1. Genus of perennials and deciduous shrubs,
shaped or oval, weak-spined, glossy, dark bears white berries. I. niamniamensis. Evergreen, bushy grown for their foliage and small, pealike
green leaves with long tips. Berries are red. I. verticillata (Winterberry), illus. p.94. perennial. H to 3ft (90cm), S 1ft (30cm). flowers. Cold weather often cuts plants to
Z5–8 H8–5. Deciduous, dense, suckering shrub. H 6ft Has reddish-green stems and oval, toothed ground, but they usually regrow from the
I. glabra (Inkberry). Evergreen, dense, (2m), S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). Young branches leaves. Showy, 5-petaled, hooded, base in spring. Needs full sun and fertile,
upright shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 6ft (2m). are purplish-green. Produces oval or lance- yellowish-green flowers, each with a long, well-drained soil. Cut out dead wood in
Small, oblong to oval, dark green leaves are shaped, saw-toothed, bright green leaves. orange, red, crimson or purple spur, are spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings
smooth-edged or may have slight teeth Bears masses of long-lasting, red berries produced in summer–fall. Z13–15 H12–1. in summer or by seed in fall.
near tips. Produces black fruits. Z5–9 H9–3. that remain on bare branches in winter. ‘Congo Cockatoo’ has red, green and I. decora. Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 11/2ft
I. insignis. See I. kingiana . Z5–8 H8–5. yellow flowers. (45cm), S 3ft (1m). Glossy, dark green leaves
I. integra. Evergreen, dense, bushy I. yunnanensis. Evergreen, spreading I. oliveri. See I. sodenii . each have 7–13 oval leaflets. Long spikes of
shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has to erect shrub. H 12ft (4m), S 8ft (2.5m). I. repens, illus. p.476. pink or white flowers are borne from mid-
oval, blunt-tipped, bright green leaves Branches are downy. Small, oval leaves, I. sodenii, syn. I. oliveri. Evergreen, to late summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
with smooth edges. Bears large, deep red with rounded teeth, are brownish-green strong-growing, bushy perennial. H 4ft I. dielsiana, illus. p.152.
berries. Z7–11 H10–7. when young, glossy, dark green in (1.2m) or more, S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly I. gerardiana. See I. heterantha .
I. ‘Jermyns Dwarf’. See I. pernyi maturity. Produces red berries. Z5–8 oval, toothed leaves are in whorls of 4–10. I. heterantha, syn. I. gerardiana, illus.
‘Jermyns Dwarf’. H8–5. Almost flat, white or pale pink to mauve p.133.
I. kingiana, syn. I. insignis. Evergreen, flowers are produced mainly in summer. I. pseudotinctoria. Deciduous, arching
upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Very ILLICIUM Z10–15 H12–1. shrub. H 3ft (1m) or more, S 6ft (2m). Each
large, oblong, leathery, dark green leaves I. Sunpatiens Series SUNPATIENS dark green leaf has usually 7–9 oval leaflets.
have small spines. Berries are bright red. ILLICIACEAE/SCHISANDRACEAE COMPACT ORANGE (‘Sakimp011’), illus. Long, dense racemes of small, pale pink
Z7–9 H9–7. p.325. flowers are borne in mid-summer to early
I. x koehneana. Evergreen, conical shrub. Genus of evergreen, spring- to early I. tinctoria, illus. p.216. fall. Z7–9 H9–7.
H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Young branches are summer-flowering trees and shrubs, grown I. walleriana (Busy lizzie, Patience plant).
green. Has very large, oblong, spiny, mid- for their foliage and unusual flowers. Does Fast-growing, evergreen, bushy perennial, INULA
green leaves and red fruits. Z7–9 H9–7. best in partial or full shade and moist, usually grown as an annual. H and S to 2ft
‘Chestnut Leaf’ (illus. p.94) has elliptic, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by (60cm). Has oval, fresh green leaves. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
regularly spined, yellow-green leaves semiripe cuttings in summer. Flattish, 5-petaled, spurred, bright red,
reminiscent of sweet chestnut. I. anisatum (Chinese anise). Slow- pink, purple, violet or white flowers are Genus of summer-flowering, clump-
I. latifolia. Evergreen, upright shrub. growing, evergreen, conical tree or shrub. produced in spring– fall. Z10–15 H12–1. forming, sometimes rhizomatous
H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Half hardy. Has H and S 20ft (6m). Produces oval, aromatic, Accent Series ‘Accent Pink’, H 8–10in perennials. Most need sun and moist but
sturdy, olive-green young branches, very glossy, dark green leaves. Star-shaped, (20–25cm), S 10–12in (25–30cm), is compact well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or
large, oblong, dark green leaves with short greenish-yellow flowers, with numerous and has blush-pink flowers, with dark division in spring or fall.
spines and plentiful, red fruits. Z7–9 H9–6. narrow petals, are borne in mid-spring. centers, in summer–fall. Hates drought. I. acaulis. Tuft-forming, rhizomatous
Z7–9 H9–7. Confection Series, H and S 8–12in perennial. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 6in (15cm).
(20–30cm) have fresh green leaves and Has lance-shaped to elliptic, hairy leaves.
Solitary, almost stemless, daisylike, golden-
yellow flower heads are produced in

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summer. Is good for a rock garden. Z4–9 and rich, well-drained soil. Water freely IPOMOPSIS Bearded irises are rhizomatous and have I
H8–1. when in full growth, less at other times. “beards,” consisting of numerous often
I. ensifolia, illus. p.277. Support is needed. Thin out or cut back POLEMONIACEAE colored hairs, along the center of each 607
I. hookeri, illus. p.243. congested growth in spring. Propagate by fall. In some irises, the end of the beard
I. macrocephala. See I. royleana. seed in spring or by softwood or semiripe Genus of perennials and biennials, often is enlarged into the shape of a horn. The
I. magnifica, illus. p.219. cuttings in summer. Whitefly and red grown as container plants for greenhouses group covers the vast majority of irises,
I. oculis-christi. Spreading, rhizomatous and conservatories. Needs cool, airy including many named cultivars, grown
perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in (60cm). spider mite may cause problems. T Seeds conditions with bright light and fertile, in gardens; all are derived from I. pallida
Stems each bear 2 or 3 daisylike, yellow well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown and related species. Bearded irises thrive
flower heads in summer. Has lance-shaped are highly toxic if ingested. under glass in early spring or early in full sun in fairly rich, well-drained,
to elliptic, hairy, mid-green leaves. Z4–8 I. acuminata. See I. indica . summer. preferably slightly alkaline soil. Some are
H8–4. I. alba, syn. I. bona-nox, Calonyction I. aggregata. Slow-growing biennial with very tolerant and will grow and flower
I. royleana, syn. I. macrocephala, illus. aculeatum (Belle de nuit, Moonflower). upright, slender, hairy stems. H to 3ft (1m), reasonably in partial shade in poorer soil.
p.277. Evergreen, soft-stemmed, twining climber S 1ft (30cm). Mid-green leaves are divided For horticultural purposes, various
with prickly stems that exude milky juice into linear leaflets. Fragrant, trumpet- groupings of hybrid bearded irises are
IOCHROMA when cut. H 22ft (7m) or more. Has oval shaped flowers, borne in summer, are recognized, based mainly on the height
or sometimes 3-lobed leaves. Fragrant, usually brilliant red, sometimes spotted of the plants in flower. These include
SOLANACEAE tubular, white flowers, with expanded yellow, but may be rose, yellow or white. Miniature Dwarf, H to 8in (20cm);
mouths, open at night in summer. Z12–15 Z6–9 H9–6. Standard Dwarf, H 8–16in (20–40cm);
Genus of evergreen, semievergreen and H12–10. Intermediate, H 16–28in (40–70cm);
deciduous shrubs and small trees, grown I. batatas (Sweet potato). ‘Blackie’, IRESINE and Tall, H 28in (70cm) or more (this
for their flowers. Needs full light or partial illus. p.311. ‘Margarita’, illus. p.318. last category may be further subdivided).
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water I. bona-nox. See I. alba . AMARANTHACEAE In general, the shorter the iris, the earlier
container plants freely when in full growth, I. coccinea, syn. Quamoclit coccinea the flowering season (from early spring
moderately at other times. Tip-prune (Red morning glory, Star morning glory). Genus of perennials, grown for to early summer). Oncocyclus irises are
young plants to stimulate a bushy habit. Annual, twining climber. H to 10ft (3m). their colorful leaves. Requires bright light rhizomatous, with very large and often
Cut back flowered stems by half in late Arrow- or heart-shaped leaves are long- to retain leaf color and a good-quality, bizarrely colored flowers, one to each
winter. Propagate by greenwood or pointed and often toothed. Fragrant, loamy, well-drained soil. Pinch out tips in stem, which have bearded falls. They
semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly tubular, scarlet flowers, with yellow growing season to obtain bushy plants. require full sun, sharply drained but
and red spider mite are sometimes throats and expanded mouths, are Propagate by stem cuttings in spring. fairly rich soil and, after flowering, a dry
troublesome. produced in late summer and fall. H12–1. I. herbstii (Beefsteak plant). Bushy period of dormancy in summer and early
I. australe, syn. Acnistus australis, I. hederacea, illus. p.204. perennial. H to 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). fall. Difficult to cultivate successfully,
illus. p.138. I. horsfalliae. Strong-growing, Has red stems and rounded, purplish-red they are best grown in an alpine house
I. cyaneum, syn. I. tubulosum, illus. p.457. evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining leaves, notched at their tips and 4in (10cm) or covered frame in climates subject to
I. tubulosum. See I. cyaneum . climber. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Leaves have 5–7 long, with paler or yellowish-red veins. summer rains.
radiating lobes or leaflets; stalked clusters Flowers are insignificant. Z11–12 H12–1.
IONOPSIDIUM of funnel-shaped, deep rose-pink or rose- ‘Aureoreticulata’, illus. p.319. Regelia irises are closely related to
purple flowers are borne in summer– I. lindenii (Blood leaf). Bushy perennial. Oncocyclus irises, differing in having
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE winter. Z13–15 H12–6. The flowers of H 24in (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has lance- bearded standards as well as falls and
‘Briggsii’ are larger and more richly shaped, dark red leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. in having 2 flowers to each stem. They
Genus of annuals. Only one species is colored than those of the species. Flowers are insignificant. Z11–12 H12–1. require similar conditions of cultivation,
usually cultivated, for rock gardens and I. imperialis. See I. nil. although a few species, such as I. hoogiana,
as edging. Needs partial shade and fertile, I. indica, syn. I. acuminata, I. learii, IRIS have proved easier to grow than
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed illus. p.462. Oncocyclus irises. Hybrids between the
sown outdoors in spring, early summer I. learii. See I. indica . IRIDACEAE 2 groups have been raised and are known
or early fall. I. lobata, syn. I. versicolor, Quamoclit as Regeliocyclus irises.
I. acaule (Violet cress). Fast-growing, lobata, illus. p.202. Genus of upright, rhizomatous or bulbous
upright annual. H 2–3in (5–8cm), S 1in I. x multifida, syn. I. x sloteri (Cardinal (occasionally fleshy-rooted) perennials, Beardless irises, also rhizomatous, lack
(2.5cm). Rounded leaves are mid-green. climber). Annual, twining climber. H 10ft some of which are evergreen, grown for hairs on the falls; most have very similar
Tiny, 4-petaled, lilac or white flowers, (3m). Triangular-oval leaves are divided their distinctive and colorful flowers. Each cultural requirements to bearded irises
flushed with deep blue, are produced into 7–15 segments. Tubular, wide- flower has 3 usually large “falls” (pendent or but some prefer heavier soil. Various
in summer and early fall. H8–1. mouthed, crimson flowers, with white semi-pendent petals), which in a number of groupings are recognized, of which the
eyes, are produced in summer. H12–1. species have conspicuous beards or crests; following are the most widely known.
IPHEION I. nil, syn. I. imperialis. ‘Early Call’ is 3 generally smaller “standards” (erect, Pacific Coast irises, a group of
a short-lived, soft-stemmed, perennial, horizontal or, occasionally, pendent petals); Californian species and their hybrids,
LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE twining climber with hairy stems, best and a 3-branched style. In many irises, the prefer acidic to neutral soil and grow well
grown as an annual. H to 12ft (4m). Leaves style branches are petal-like. Unless in sun or partial shade, appreciating some
Genus of bulbs, grown for their freely are heart-shaped or 3-lobed. From summer otherwise stated below, flower stems are humus in the soil; they are best grown from
produced, star-shaped, blue, white or yellow to early fall bears large, funnel-shaped unbranched. Green, then brown seed pods seed as they resent being moved. Spuria
flowers in spring. Makes excellent container flowers in a range of colors, with white are ellipsoid to cylindrical and often ribbed. irises (I. spuria and its relatives) grow in
plants in cold greenhouses. Prefers a tubes. H12–1. ‘Scarlett O’Hara’ has Irises are suitable for borders, rock gardens, sun or partial shade and well-drained
sheltered situation in dappled sunlight deep red flowers. woodlands, watersides, bog gardens, alpine but moist soil. A number of species and
and well-drained soil. Plant in fall; after I. purpurea, syn. Convolvulus purpureus houses, cold frames and containers. Some hybrids prefers moist, waterside
flowering, dies down for summer. Propagate (Common morning glory). Short-lived, groups thrive only in the specific growing conditions; these include the well-known
by offsets in late summer or early fall. soft-stemmed, perennial, twining climber, conditions mentioned below. Propagate Siberian irises (I. sibirica and its relatives)
I. uniflorum (Spring starflower). ‘Froyle best grown as an annual. H to 15ft (5m). species by division of rhizomes or offsets and the Japanese water irises, such as
Mill’, illus. p.419. ‘Wisley Blue’ is a spring- Has hairy stems and heart-shaped or in late summer or by seed in fall, named I. ensata and I. laevigata, which may also
flowering bulb. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in 3-lobed leaves. From summer to early fall cultivars by division only. be grown as border plants, but succeed
(5–8cm). Bears linear, semierect, pale green, bears funnel-shaped, deep purple to bluish- best in open, sunny, rich, moist positions.
basal leaves, which smell of onions if purple or reddish flowers, with white Botanically, irises are divided into Crested irises, also rhizomatous, have
damaged. Leafless stems each produce an throats and bristly sepals. H12–1. a number of sub-genera and sections, ridges, or cockscomb-like crests, instead
upward-facing, pale blue flower, 11⁄4 –11⁄2 in I. quamoclit, syn. Quamoclit pennata, and it is convenient, for horticultural of beards. They include the Evansia irises,
(3–4cm) across. Z6–9 H9–6. illus. p.202. purposes, to use some of these botanical with often widely spreading, creeping
I. rubrocaerulea ‘Heavenly Blue’. See names for groups of irises with similar stolons. Most have very similar cultivation
IPOMOEA I. tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’. characteristics and requiring comparable requirements to bearded irises but some
I. x sloteri. See I. x multifida. prefer damp, rich conditions.
SYN. MINA, PHARBITIS I. tricolor ‘Heavenly Blue’, syn. cultural treatment. T All parts may cause
Morning glory I. rubrocaerulea ‘Heavenly Blue’, illus. p.205. Bulbous These irises are distinguished by
CONVOLVULACEAE I. tuberosa. See Merremia tuberosa. severe discomfort if ingested; contact having bulbs as storage organs, sometimes
I. versicolor. See I. lobata. with the sap may irritate skin. See also with thickened, fleshy roots, and leaves that
Genus of mainly evergreen shrubs, feature panel pp.224–25. are lance-shaped and channeled; 4-sided
perennials, annuals and soft- or woody-
stemmed, twining climbers. Needs full light Rhizomatous These irises have rhizomes
as rootstocks; leaves are sword-shaped and
usually in a basal fan.

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IRIS

I (more or less square in cross section); or I. ‘Anniversary’. Rhizomatous, beardless ruffled, rich blue flowers in summer. are produced from early to late spring,
almost cylindrical—unlike the flat and Siberian iris. H 21/2ft (75cm), S indefinite. Z3–9 H9–1. the ruffled, veined, delicate pink standards
608 usually sword-shaped leaves of the In mid- and late spring bears 1–4 white I. ‘Blue Eyed Brunette’. Rhizomatous, contrasting with the brilliant white falls,
rhizomatous irises. Xiphium irises include flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) across, with a bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. which are broadly margined and flecked
the commonly grown Spanish, English and yellow stripe in throat of each fall. Grows Well-branched stem produces 7–10 brown deep rosy-violet. Z4–9 H9–1.
Dutch irises, which are excellent both for well in moist soil or a bog garden. Z4–9 flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) wide, with blue I. ‘Chasing Rainbows’. Rhizomatous,
garden decoration and as cut flowers. All H9–1. blaze and golden beard on each fall, in bearded iris (Tall). H 32in (80cm),
are easy to cultivate in sunny, well-drained I. aphylla. Rhizomatous, bearded iris. early summer. Z3–9 H9–1. S  indefinite. In summer produces strongly
sites, preferring slightly alkaline conditions, H 6–12in (15–30cm), S indefinite. Branched I. ‘Blue Notes Blue’. Rhizomatous, scented flowers with buff-peach standards,
but also growing well on acidic soil. stem produces up to 5 pale to dark purple bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), flushed with lilac. Falls are pale violet,
Spanish irises are derived from I. xiphium, or blue-violet flowers, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) S indefinite. Scented, ruffled, mid-blue fading to buff-peach at edges, with orange
which is variable in flower color, from blue across, in late spring and sometimes again flowers, paler around edges, are produced beards. Z4–9 H9–1.
and violet to yellow and white, and in fall if conditions are suitable. Z3–9 H9–1. in summer. White beards are tipped with I. ‘Chief Moses’. Rhizomatous, bearded
produces its channeled leaves in fall. I. aucheri. Bulbous Juno iris. H 6–10in orange toward back. Z3–9 H9–1. iris (Tall). H 38in (95cm), S indefinite. From
English irises have been produced from (15–25cm), S 6in (15cm). Has channeled, I. ‘Blue Rhythm’, illus. p.225. Vigorous, early to mid-summer produces large,
I. latifolia, which varies from blue to violet mid-green leaves packed closely together rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 31/2ft scented, ruffled, brown flowers, with falls
(occasionally white) and produces its on stem, looking somewhat leek-like. In late (1.1m), S indefinite. In early and mid- flushed with yellow, and orange beards.
channeled leaves in spring. Dutch irises spring bears up to 6 blue to white flowers, summer produces lemon-scented, well- Z4–9 H9–1.
are hybrids of I. xiphium and the related 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across, with yellow-ridged formed, violet-blue flowers, the veins on I. chrysographes, illus. p.225.
pale to deep blue I. latifolia. They are falls, in leaf axils. Z3–9 H9–1. standards slightly paler than those on the Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.
extremely variable in flower color. Juno I. aurea. See I. crocea . broad falls, with their yellow-tipped, white H 16in (40cm), S indefinite. From late spring
irises have bulbs with thickened, fleshy I. ‘Autumn Circus’, illus. p.224. Vigorous, beards. Z3–9 H9–1. to early summer, branched stem bears 1–4
roots, channeled leaves and very small rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32in I. ‘Bold Print’, illus. p.224. Rhizomatous, deep red-purple or purple-black flowers,
standards that are sometimes only bristly (80cm), S indefinite. Well-branched stems bearded iris (Intermediate). H 22in (55cm), 2–4in (5–10cm) across, with gold etching
and usually horizontally placed. Although bear scented, gently ruffled, white flowers, S indefinite. In late spring or early summer, down falls. Prefers a moist site. Z3–9 H9–1.
very beautiful in flower, they are mostly with violet-blue margins and violet-blue branched stem bears up to 6 flowers, I. ‘Clairette’, syn. I. reticulata ‘Clairette’.
difficult to grow successfully, requiring the feathering and penciling on standards and 5in (13cm) wide, with purple-edged, white Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4–6in (10–15cm),
same cultivation conditions as Oncocyclus falls, in late spring. Often blooms again in standards and white falls that are each S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). In early spring bears
irises to thrive. Care must be taken not summer. Z3–9 H9–1. purple-stitched at edge and have bronze- a solitary, fragrant, long-tubed, pale blue
to damage the fleshy roots when I. ‘Autumn Leaves’. Vigorous, tipped, white beard. Z3–9 H9–1. flower, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) wide, with white-
transplanting or dividing clumps. rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32in I. ‘Bronze Queen’. Bulbous Xiphium iris flecked, deep violet falls. Narrow, squared
(80cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring produces (Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm). In leaves elongate after flowering time. Z5–9
Reticulata irises include the dwarf, branched sprays of sweetly scented, spring and early summer produces 1 or 2 H8–4.
bulbous irises valuable for flowering early caramel-colored flowers, a blend of brown golden-brown flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) I. clarkei. Rhizomatous, beardless
in the year. Unlike other bulbous irises, and purple, with orange-yellow beards. wide, flushed bronze and purple. Lance- Siberian iris. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite. From
they have netlike bulb tunics and leaves Z3–9 H9–1. shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves are late spring to early summer, solid stem
that are 4-sided, or occasionally cylindrical. I. ‘Badlands’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris scattered up flower stem. Z3–9 H9–1. produces 2–3 branches each with 2 blue to
With few exceptions (not described here), (Tall). H 38in (95cm), S indefinite. In early I. ‘Brown Lasso’. Rhizomatous, bearded red-purple flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) across,
Reticulata irises grow well in open, sunny, to mid-summer, branched stem produces iris (Intermediate). H 22in (55cm), with violet-veined, white blaze on each fall.
well-drained sites. large, ruffled, black, well-proportioned S indefinite. In early summer, sturdy, well- Prefers moist conditions. Z4–9 H9–1.
flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. branched stem bears 6–10 flowers, 4–5in I. colchica. See I. graminea.
I. ‘About Town’. Vigorous, rhizomatous, I. bakeriana. Bulbous Reticulata iris. (10–13cm) across, with deep butterscotch I. confusa, illus. p.224. Evergreen or
bearded iris (Tall). H 39in (1m), S indefinite. H 4in (10cm), S 2–21/2in (5–6cm). In early standards and brown-edged, light violet semievergreen, rhizomatous Crested iris.
Very frilly flowers with soft mauve-lilac spring bears a solitary, long-tubed, falls. Z3–9 H9–1. H 3ft (1m) or more, S indefinite. Bamboo-
standards and deep violet falls, edged with pale blue flower, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) across, I. bucharica, illus. p.224. Vigorous, like, erect stem is crowned by a fan of
soft mauve-lilac, are borne from early to with each fall having a dark blue blotch bulbous Juno iris. H 8–16in (20–40cm), broad leaves. In mid-spring, widely
mid-summer. Beards are orange. Z11–13 at tip and a spotted, deep blue center. Has S 5in (12cm). In late spring produces 2–6 branched flower stem produces a long
H12–1. narrow, almost cylindrical leaves that are flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, golden-yellow succession of up to 30 short-lived, white
I. acutiloba. Rhizomatous Oncocyclus iris. very short at flowering time but elongate to white with yellow falls, from leaf axils. flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) across, with
H 3–10in (8–25cm), S 12–15in (30–38cm). later. Z3–9 H9–1. Has narrowly lance-shaped, channeled, yellow or purple spots around yellow
Has narrowly sickle-shaped, mid-green I. ‘Ballyhoo’. Robust, rhizomatous, glossy, mid-green leaves scattered up crests. Prefers well-drained soil and
leaves. In late spring produces solitary, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–39in (90–100cm), flower stem. Is easier to grow than most protection of south-facing wall. Z4–10
strongly purple-violet- or brownish-purple- S indefinite. In mid- to late spring produces Juno irises. Z5–9 H9–5. H11–9.
veined, white flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, large blooms with ruffled, lemon-white I. ‘Bumblebee Deelite’, illus. p.225. I. ‘Conjuration’. Rhizomatous, bearded
with a dark brown blaze around the beard standards and veined, rosy-purple falls Rhizomatous, bearded iris (Miniature Tall). iris (Tall). H 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In early
of each fall. Z13–15 H12–1. with yellow-tipped, white beards. Z3–9 H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. In late spring summer bears 6–11 flowers with standards
I. ‘Alida’. Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4–6in H9–1. and early summer has flowers with yellow that are white at margins, suffusing inward
(10–15cm), S 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm). In early I. ‘Banbury Beauty’. Rhizomatous, standards, yellow-margined, maroon falls to pale violet-blue, and white
spring bears a solitary, fragrant, long- beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 18in (45cm), and orange beards. Z3–9 H9–1. falls suffusing to deep amethyst-violet at
tubed, light blue flower, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) S indefinite. In late spring and early I. ‘Butter and Sugar’, illus. p.227. margins. White horned beard is yellow-
wide, with a yellow ridge down each fall summer, branched stem produces 2–10 I. ‘Carnaby’, illus. p.225. Rhizomatous, tipped. Z4–9 H9–1.
center. Z13–15 H12–1. light lavender flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) bearded iris (Tall). H to 3ft (1m), S  I. cretensis. See I. unguicularis subsp.
I. ‘Alizes’. Vigorous, rhizomatous, across, with purple zone on each fall. indefinite. Well-branched stem bears 6–8 cretensis.
bearded iris (Tall). H 32in (80cm), S  Z3–9 H9–1. flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) wide, with pale I. cristata, illus. p.224. Evansia iris with
indefinite. In summer, large, frilly white I. ‘Berlin Tiger’, illus. p.225. pink standards and deep rose-pink falls much-branched rhizomes. H 4in (10cm),
flowers are produced with violet-blue Rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris. with orange beards, in early summer. S indefinite. Has neat fans of lance-shaped
falls that pale to white in center of petals. H 4ft (1.2m), S indefinite. In early summer, Z4–9 H9–1. leaves. In early summer produces 1 or 2
Beards are yellow. Z13–15 H12–1. branched stems bear 3–5 small, dark yellow I. chamaeiris. See I. lutescens . virtually stemless, long-tubed, lilac, blue,
I. ‘Amethyst Dancer’. Rhizomatous, flowers, 2in (5cm) across, strongly netted I. ‘Champagne Elegance’, illus. p.224. lavender or white flowers, 11/4–11/2in
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), S indefinite. with deep brownish-purple veins. Grow Vigorous, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). (3–4cm) across, with white patch and
Scented flowers with peach-buff standards, in rich, moist soil. Z3–9 H9–1. H 34in (85cm), S indefinite. In early to mid- orange crest on each fall. Prefers partial
crinkled around edges, are produced in I. ‘Bibury’. Rhizomatous, bearded spring and again in summer produces shade and moist soil; is ideal for a peat
summer. Wine-purple falls are faded around iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in (30cm), scented, strongly ruffled flowers, with bank. Z4–10 H10–1.
edges, and white veins sit around orange- S indefinite. Has 2–4 cream flowers, pink-washed, white standards and flaring, I. crocea, syn. I. aurea. Rhizomatous,
tipped beards. Z13–15 H12–1. 4in (10cm) wide, on a branched stem in apricot-pink falls with darker veining beardless Spuria iris. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m),
I. ‘Annabel Jane’. Vigorous, late spring. Z3–9 H9–1. and pale orange beards. Z4–9 H9–1. S indefinite. Has long leaves. Strong,
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 4ft I. ‘Blenheim Royal’. Vigorous, I. ‘Change of Pace’. Vigorous, erect, sparsely branched stem produces
(1.2m), S indefinite. In summer, well- rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36in terminal clusters of 2–10 golden-yellow
branched stem bears 8–12 flowers, 6–10in S indefinite. Produces lightly scented, (90cm), S indefinite. Large, scented flowers flowers, 5–7in (12–18cm) across, with wavy-
(15–25cm) across, with pale lilac falls and
paler standards. Z4–9 H9–1.

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margined falls, in early summer. Resents S indefinite. Gently ruffled flowers with I. foetidissima (Stinking gladwin, I. ‘Florentina’ (Orris root), illus. p.224, I
being disturbed. Z5–8 H8–4. cream standards, heavily veined with soft Stinking iris), illus. p.225. Evergreen, has strongly scented, white flowers .
I. cuprea. See I. fulva. apricot-yellow, are borne in summer. rhizomatous, beardless iris. H 1–3ft I. ‘Golden Harvest’. Bulbous Xiphium 609
I. ‘Custom Design’. Rhizomatous, Soft apricot falls are paler along edges; (30cm–1m), S indefinite. Branched stem iris (Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm).
beardless Spuria iris. H 3ft (1m), beards are reddish-orange. Z3–9 H9–1. bears up to 9 yellow-tinged, dull purple Bears 1 or 2 deep rich yellow flowers,
S indefinite. Strong, erect-branched stem I. ‘English Cottage’, illus. p.224. Robust, or occasionally pure yellow flowers, 2–4in 21/2–3in (6–8cm) wide, in spring and early
produces 2–10 deep maroon-brown rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–39in (5–10cm) wide, from early to mid-summer. summer. Has scattered, narrowly lance-
flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) wide, with heavily (90–100cm), S  indefinite. In mid- to late Cylindrical seed pods open to reveal shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves.
veined, bright yellow blaze on each fall, spring and again in summer or early fall rounded, bright scarlet fruits throughout Z3–9 H9–1.
from early to mid-summer. Z4–8 H8–1. produces large, white flowers with margins winter. Thrives in a bog or water garden, I. gracilipes. Clump-forming,
I. danfordiae. Bulbous Reticulata iris. of both standards and falls washed pale although tolerates drier conditions. Z4–9 rhizomatous Evansia iris with short
H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 2in (5cm). In early blue-violet. Has deeper veining at base of H9–2. stolons. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S indefinite.
spring bears usually solitary, yellow flower, falls and yellow-tipped, white beards. Z3–9 I. forrestii. Rhizomatous, beardless In late spring and early summer, slender,
11/4–2in (3–5cm) across, with green spots H9–1. Siberian iris. H 6–16in (15–40cm), branched stem produces a succession of
on each fall. Standards are reduced to short I. ensata, syn. I. kaempferi, illus. p.464. S indefinite. From late spring to early 4 or 5 lilac-blue flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm)
bristles. Narrow, squared leaves are very Rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris. summer, unbranched stem produces 1 or 2 across, with violet-veined, white zone
short at flowering time but elongate later. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S indefinite. Branched fragrant, yellow flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) surrounding yellow-and-white crest. Has
Tends to produce masses of small bulblets stem produces 3–15 purple or red-purple across, with black lines on each fall and narrow, grasslike leaves. Prefers partial
and requires deeper planting than other flowers, 3–6in (8–15cm) across, with yellow occasionally brownish-flushing on shade and peaty soil. Z5–8 H8–5.
Reticulata irises to maintain bulbs at blaze on each fall, from early to mid- standards. Has linear, glossy, mid-green I. graeberiana. Bulbous Juno iris.
flowering size. Z5–8 H8–4. summer. May be distinguished from the leaves, gray-green below. Prefers moist, H 6–14in (15–35cm), S 21/2 –3in (6–8cm).
I. ‘Deep Black’, illus. p.224. Rhizomatous, related, smooth-leaved I. laevigata by the lime-free soil. Z6–9 H9–6. In late spring produces 4–6 bluish-lavender
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), prominent midrib on leaves. Has produced I. ‘Fortunate Son’. Rhizomatous, flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across, with
S indefinite. In early summer, branched many hundreds of garden forms, some bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), white crest on each fall, from leaf axils.
stem produces unruffled flowers, with double flowers, in shades of purple, S indefinite. Branches of scented, velvety, Lance-shaped, channeled leaves are
3–4in (7–10cm) across, with deep purple pink, lavender and white, sometimes rich burgundy flowers, with purple beards, white-margined, glossy, mid-green above,
standards and dark indigo falls, each bicolored. Prefers partial shade and thrives are produced from early to mid-summer. grayish-green below, and scattered up
with orange-tipped beard. Z5–8 H8–4. in a water or bog garden. ‘Caprician Z6–9 H9–6. flower stem. Is easier to grow than most
I. ‘Desert Song’. Rhizomatous, bearded Butterfly’, H 36in (90cm), has dark purple I. fosteriana. Bulbous Juno iris. H 4–6in Juno irises. Z6–9 H9–6.
iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In standards with fringed, white margins; (10–15cm), S 21/2in (6cm). In spring I. graminea, syn. I. colchica. Rhizomatous,
summer produces pale yellow flowers with falls are white with dark purple veins and produces 1 or 2 long-tubed flowers, 11/2–2in beardless Spuria iris. H 8–16in (20–40cm),
slightly crinkled petals and long, white flash gold patches. ‘Galathea’, syn. I. ‘Galatea’, (4–5cm) wide, with downward-turned, rich S indefinite. In late spring, narrowly lance-
in front of bright yellow beards. Z5–8 H8–4. H 32in (80cm), has blue-purple flowers purple standards, which are larger than shaped leaves partially hide up to 10 plum-
I. domestica. See Belamcanda chinensis. with yellow blaze on each fall. ‘Moonlight those of most Juno irises, and creamy- scented flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) wide, with
I. douglasiana. Evergreen, rhizomatous, Waves’ (illus. p.224), H 36in (90cm), is yellow falls. Has narrowly lance-shaped, wine-purple standards and heavily veined,
beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 10–28in strong-growing and produces large, channeled, silver-edged, mid-green leaves violet-blue falls, borne on flattened, angled
(25–70cm), S indefinite. Leathery, dark open, spreading, white flowers, with lime- scattered on flower stem. Is difficult to stem. Resents being disturbed. Z6–9 H9–5.
green leaves are stained red-purple at green blazes at base of each petal. ‘Rose grow and is best in an alpine house or I. ‘Green Spot’, illus. p.224. Rhizomatous,
base. Branched stem produces 1–3 Queen’, syn. I. laevigata ‘Rose Queen’ cold frame. Z6–9 H9–6. bearded iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in
lavender to purple, occasionally white, (illus. p.224), H 36–39in (90–100cm), is I. ‘Frank Elder’. Bulbous Reticulata iris. (30cm), S indefinite. In late spring,
flowers, 3–5in (7–12cm) wide, with variable, strong-growing and produces large, soft H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), S 2–3in (5–7cm). Has branched stems bear 2–4 ivory-white
central, yellowish zones on falls, in late pink flowers, with deeper pink veining a solitary, very pale blue flower, 21/2–3in flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with olive-green
spring and early summer. Z7–9 H9–7. and yellow blaze at base of each fall. (6–7cm) wide, suffused pale yellow and mark and yellow throat on each fall.
I. ‘Dreaming Spires’. Rhizomatous, ‘Variegata’, H 30in (75cm), has narrow veined and spotted darker blue, in early Z6–9 H9–5.
beardless Siberian iris. H 3ft (1m), foliage, brightly edged in white. spring. Narrow, squared leaves are very I. ‘Harmony’. Bulbous Reticulata iris.
S indefinite. From late spring to early I. extremorientalis. See I. sanguinea. short at flowering time but elongate later. H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), S 21/2–3in (6–7cm).
summer, branched stem produces 1–4 I. ‘Eyebright’, illus. p.225. Rhizomatous, Z3–9 H9–1. In early spring bears solitary, fragrant,
flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) wide, with lavender bearded iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12in I. ‘Frost and Flame’, illus. p.224. Strong- long-tubed, clear pale blue flower, 2–21/2in
standards and royal-blue falls. Prefers (30cm), S indefinite. In late spring produces growing, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). (5–6cm) across, with white marks and
moist soil. Z5–9 H9–5. 2–4 bright yellow flowers, 3–4in (7–10cm) H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In early to mid- yellow ridge down each fall center.
I. ‘Dreaming Yellow’, illus. p.224. wide, each with brown zone on falls spring produces fragrant, glistening, white Narrow, squared leaves are very short
Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris. surrounding beard, on usually unbranched flowers with gently ruffled standards, at flowering time but elongate later.
H 3ft (1m), S  indefinite. From late spring to stem. Z3–9 H9–1. rounded falls and bright orange beards. Z5–8 H8–5.
early summer, branched stem produces 1–4 I. ‘Feminine Charm’. Rhizomatous, Z3–9 H9–1. I. histrioides. Bulbous Reticulata iris.
flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) across. Standards bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), I. fulva, syn. I. cuprea, illus. p.439. H 21/2 –4in (6–10cm), S 21/2 –3in (6–7cm).
are white; falls creamy-yellow fading to S indefinite. Scented, soft pinkish-apricot I. ‘Fulvala’. See I. x fulvala. In early spring produces solitary flowers,
white with age. Prefers moist soil. Z4–9 flowers, with a hint of yellow, are produced I. x fulvala, syn. I. ‘Fulvala’. Rhizomatous, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) across, which vary from
H9–1. in summer. Apricot falls are white edged. beardless iris. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. light to deep violet-blue. Each fall is
I. ‘Early Light’. Rhizomatous, bearded Z3–9 H9–1. In summer, zigzag stem produces 4–6 lightly to strongly spotted with dark blue
iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early I. ‘Filibuster’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris (occasionally more) velvety, deep red- and has white marks and yellow ridge
summer, well-branched stem bears 8–10 (Tall). H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. Heavily purple flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) across, with down center. Narrow, squared leaves are
ruffled, white flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) scented, frilly flowers with rosy-purple 2 flowers per leaf axil. Has yellow blaze on very short at flowering time but elongate
wide, heavily flushed lemon-yellow on standards are produced in summer. Pale each fall. Thrives in a bog or water garden. later. Z5–8 H8–4. ‘Lady Beatrix
standards; yellow-veined falls have broad peach falls are stained with rosy-purple, Z6–9 H9–6. Stanley’ has light blue flowers and
margins flushed slightly deeper lemon- and beards are burnt orange. Z3–9 H9–1. I. ‘Galatea’. See I. ensata ‘Galathea’. heavily spotted falls. ‘Major’ has darker
yellow and yellow beard. Z3–9 H9–1. I. ‘Flamenco’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris I. ‘Geisha Gown’. Robust, rhizomatous, blue-violet flowers.
I. ‘Electric Rays’. Strong-growing, (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early beardless Japanese iris. H 36in (90cm), I. ‘Holden Clough’, illus. p.225.
rhizomatous Japanese iris. H 3ft (1m), summer, well-branched stem produces S indefinite. In mid- and late spring Rhizomatous, beardless iris. H 20–28in
S indefinite. Ruffled, double, rich violet 6–9 flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with gold produces large, delicate, double, white (50–70cm), S indefinite. In early summer,
flowers, with white and intense, deep blue standards, infused red, and white to yellow ruffled flowers with dark violet-blue branched stem bears 6–12 yellow flowers,
veining, are borne freely in early summer. falls with red borders. Z4–9 H9–1. veining and deep purple-violet center. 2in (5cm) wide, with very heavy, burnt-
Z3–9 H9–1. I. ‘Flight of Butterflies’. Rhizomatous, Z3–9 H9–1. sienna veining. Is excellent in a bog or
I. ‘Elmohr’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris. beardless Siberian iris. H 36in (90cm), I. germanica (Common German flag). water garden, but also grows well in rich,
H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early summer, S indefinite. From early to mid-summer Rhizomatous, bearded iris. H to 2–4ft well-drained soil. Z5–8 H8–5.
well-branched stem produces 2–5 strongly produces delicate flowers with violet-blue (60cm–1.2m), S indefinite. Sparsely I. hoogiana, illus. p.224. Regelia iris with
veined, red-purple flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) standards and white falls veined deep branched stem produces up to 6 yellow- sturdy rhizomes. H 16–24in (40–60cm),
across. Z7–9 H9–7. violet-blue. Z4–9 H9–1. bearded, blue-purple or blue-violet flowers, S indefinite. Produces 2 or 3 scented,
I. ‘English Charm’. Rhizomatous, I. ‘Florentina’. See I. germanica 4–6in (10–15cm) wide, in late spring and delicately veined, lilac-blue flowers, 3–4in
bearded iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), ‘Florentina’. early summer. Z3–8 ‘Florentina’, syn. (7–10cm) across, in late spring and

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IRIS

I early summer. Is relatively easy to I. kerneriana. Rhizomatous, I. lazica. Evergreen, rhizomatous, ruffled, pale blue flowers, with both
cultivate. Z7–9 H9–7. beardless Spuria iris. H 10in (25cm), beardless iris. H 6–10in (15–25cm), standards and falls feathered a slightly
610 I. iberica. Rhizomatous Oncocyclus S indefinite. Has very narrow, grasslike S indefinite. Has arching fans of broad, deeper blue, and with white beards.
iris. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S indefinite. leaves. Strong, erect-branched stem bears bright green leaves. In early spring Z3–9 H9–1.
Has narrow, strongly curved, gray-green 2–4 soft lemon- or creamy-yellow flowers, produces stemless, long-tubed, lavender- I. ‘Mountain Lake’, illus. p.224.
leaves. Bears solitary, bicolored flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) across, from each pair of blue flowers. Falls are white in lower Rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.
4–5in (10–12cm) across, in late spring. bracts, in early summer. Resents being halves, spotted and veined lavender, each H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. From late spring
Standards are white, pale yellow, or disturbed. Z6–9 H9–6. with central yellow stripe. Thrives in partial to early summer, branched stem produces
pale blue with slight brownish-purple I. korolkowii. Regelia iris with sturdy shade in moist soil. Z8–10 H10–7. 1–4 mid-blue flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm)
veining; spoon-shaped falls are white rhizomes. H 16–24in (40–60cm), I. lutescens, syn. I. chamaeiris. Fast- across, with darker veining on falls.
or pale lilac, spotted and strongly veined S indefinite. From late spring to early growing, very variable, rhizomatous, Prefers moist soil. Z3–8 H8–1.
brownish-purple. Grows best in a frame summer, each spathe encloses 2 or 3 bearded iris. H 2–12in (5–30cm), I. ‘Natascha’, illus. p.415.
or alpine house. Z7–9 H9–7. delicately blackish-maroon- or olive- S indefinite. Branched stem produces I. ochroleuca. See I. orientalis .
I. innominata. Evergreen or green-veined, creamy-white or light 1 or 2 yellow-bearded, violet, purple, I. ‘Ola Kala’, illus. p.225. Robust,
semievergreen, rhizomatous, beardless purple flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across. yellow, white or bicolored flowers, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m),
Pacific Coast iris. H 6–10in (16–25cm), Is best grown in a bulb frame. Z8–9 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across, in early summer. S  indefinite. Produces neat, scented, rich
S indefinite. Stem bears 1 or 2 flowers, H9–8. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Nancy Lindsay’ has scented, deep yellow flowers; falls have darker
21/2–3in (6.5–7.5cm) across, from late spring I. ‘Krasnia’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris yellow flowers. yellow bases and yellow beards. Z3–9 H9–1.
to early summer. Varies greatly in color (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early I. ‘Magic Man’. Rhizomatous, bearded I. ‘Oriental Eyes’, illus. p.224. Vigorous,
from cream to yellow or orange and from summer, well-branched stem produces iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris.
lilac-pink to blue or purple; falls are often 8–12 flowers, 5–7in (13–18cm) wide, with summer, branched stems produce flowers H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early summer
veined with maroon or brown. Z7–9 H9–7. purple standards and purple-margined, that have light blue standards and velvety produces large, ruffled, strongly veined,
I. japonica, illus. p.224. Vigorous, white falls. Z3–9 H9–1. purple falls with light blue margins; beards purple violet flowers, with bright golden-
rhizomatous Evansia iris with slender I. ‘Lady Mohr’. Rhizomatous, bearded are orange. Z3–9 H9–1. yellow flares at base of each petal.
stolons. H 18–32in (45–80cm), S indefinite. Arilbred iris. H 30in (75cm), S indefinite. I. magnifica, illus. p.224. Bulbous Juno Z3–8 H9–1.
Has fans of broadly lance-shaped, glossy In early spring produces flowers with iris. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 6in (15cm). In I. orientalis, syn. I. ochroleuca, illus.
leaves. In late spring produces branched pearly-white standards and pale yellow late spring produces 3–7 very pale lilac p.224. Rhizomatous, beardless Spuria iris.
flower stem with a long succession of falls veined and spotted brownish- flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) across, with H to 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In late spring
flattish, frilled or ruffled, pale lavender purple around chrome-yellow beards. central, yellow area on each fall, from leaf each stem, usually with one branch, bears
or white flowers, 1/2–3in (1–8cm) across, I. ‘Lady of Quality’. Rhizomatous, axils. Bears scattered, lance-shaped, 3–5 white flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide.
marked violet around orange crest on each beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (1m), channeled, glossy, mid-green leaves. Z6–8 Falls are white with yellow centers. Leaves
fall. Prefers the protection of a sheltered, S indefinite. In mid- and late spring H8–6. are often present over winter. Z6–9 H9–5.
sunny wall. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘Variegata’, produces flowers with light blue-violet I. ‘Making Eyes’. Rhizomatous, bearded I. orientalis of gardens. See I. sanguinea.
H 28in (70cm), has mid-green leaves boldly standards and lighter blue falls. iris (Standard Dwarf). H 12–14in (30–35cm), I. pallida. Rhizomatous, bearded iris.
striped with white. Z3–9 H9–1. S  indefinite. In early spring produces neat H 28–36in (70–90cm) or more, S indefinite.
I. ‘Jesse’s Song’. Vigorous, rhizomatous, I. laevigata. Rhizomatous, beardless flowers with pale lemon-white standards, In late spring and early summer produces
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), Japanese iris. H 2–3ft (60–90cm) or more, narrow, white-margined, dark purple-violet 2–6 scented, lilac-blue flowers, 3–5in
S indefinite. In early to mid-spring S indefinite. Sparsely branched stem falls and yellowish-white beards. Z3–8 (8–12cm) across, with yellow beards, from
produces scented, ruffled, white flowers, produces 2–4 blue, blue-purple or white H9–1. silvery spathes on strong, branched stems.
the standards heavily suffused violet, the flowers, 2–5in (5–12cm) across, from early I. ‘Margot Holmes’. Rhizomatous, Z4–9 H9–1. Leaves of ‘Variegata’, syn.
falls irregularly margined and speckled to mid-summer. Is related to I. ensata but beardless Siberian iris. H 10in (25cm), I. pallida ‘Aurea Variegata’ are striped
violet and the white beard tipped pale has smooth, not ridged leaves. Grows S indefinite. In early summer produces green and yellow. ‘Aurea Variegata’. See
violet. Z7–9 H9–7. well in sun or partial shade in moist 2 or 3 purple-red flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) I. pallida ‘Variegata’.
I. ‘Joette’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris conditions or in shallow water. Z3–9 across, with yellow veining on each fall. I. ‘Paradise Bird’. Rhizomatous, bearded
(Intermediate). H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. H9–1. ‘Regal’ bears single, cyclamen-red Z6–8 H7–9. iris (Tall). H 34in (85cm), S indefinite. In
In late spring or early summer, branched flowers. ‘Rose Queen’. See I. ensata I. ‘Marhaba’. Rhizomatous, bearded early summer, well-branched stem
stems bear uniformly lavender-blue flowers ‘Rose Queen’. ‘Rowden Starlight’, iris (Miniature Dwarf). H 6in (15cm), produces 8–10 flowers, 51/2–6in (14–15cm)
with yellow beards. Is excellent for cut illus. p.437. ‘Snowdrift’ has single, white S indefinite. Bears 1, rarely 2 deep blue wide, with magenta falls and paler
flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. flowers marked yellow at bases of falls. flowers, 2–3in (5–8cm) wide, in mid-spring. standards. Z3–9 H9–1.
I. ‘Joyce’, illus. p.225. Bulbous Reticulata ‘Variegata’, H 10in (25cm), has white- Z6–8 H8–6. I. ‘Peach Frost’. Rhizomatous, bearded
iris. H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), S 21/2–3in (6–7cm). and-green-striped leaves and often I. ‘Mary Frances’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Well-
In early spring bears a solitary, fragrant, flowers a second time, in early fall. iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early branched stem bears 6–10 flowers, 6in
long-tubed, clear blue flower, 2–21/2in Z5–9 H9–1. ‘Weymouth Midnight’, summer, well-branched stem bears 6–9, (15cm) wide, in early summer. Standards
(5–6cm) across, with white marks and illus. p.442. occasionally to 12 pink-lavender flowers, are peach-pink, falls white with peach-pink
yellow ridge down each fall center. Narrow, I. ‘Langport Storm’. Strong-growing, 6in (15cm) wide. Z3–9 H9–1. margins and tangerine beards. Z4–9 H9–1.
squared leaves are very short at flowering rhizomatous, bearded iris (Intermediate). I. ‘Mary McIlroy’. Rhizomatous, bearded I. ‘Perry’s Blue’, illus. p.225. Robust,
time but elongate later. Z5–8 H8–5. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring iris (Intermediate). H 16–20in (40–50cm), rhizomatous, beardless Siberian iris.
I. ‘June Prom’. Vigorous, rhizomatous, produces smoky-chartreuse flowers, S indefinite. In early to mid-spring H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In late spring and
bearded iris (Intermediate). H 20in (50cm), the falls overlaid with deep red-brown produces bright yellow flowers, the early summer produces pale purplish-blue
S indefinite. In late spring or early summer, patches suffused and veined yellow, with standards veined slightly deeper yellow, flowers, with deeper blue veins. Slightly
branched stem bears up to 6 pale blue cream beards. Z5–9 H9–1. with darker veins on falls and lemon-yellow twisted standards and broad, rounded falls
flowers, 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with green I. latifolia, syn. I. xiphioides (English iris). beards. Z3–8 H9–1. are white margined and creamy-white near
tinge on each fall. Z6–9 H9–6. Bulbous Xiphium iris (English). H 32in I. ‘Matinata’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris bases, and have dark yellow markings in
I. kaempferi. See I. ensata . (80cm), S 6in (15cm). In late spring and (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early throats. Z3–8 H9–1.
I. ‘Katharine Hodgkin’, illus. p.225. summer, 1 or 2 blue to deep violet flowers, summer, well-branched stem produces 6–9, I. ‘Piona’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris
Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with yellow stripe occasionally to 12 flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, (Intermediate). H 18in (45cm), S indefinite.
S 2–3in (5–7cm). Is similar to I. ‘Frank down center of each very broad fall, are that are dark purple-blue throughout. Z3–9 In late spring and early summer, branched
Elder’, but has yellower flowers suffused produced from the bracts. Lance-shaped, H9–1. stem bears up to 6 deep violet flowers,
pale blue, lined and dotted with dark blue. channeled, mid-green leaves are scattered I. missouriensis, syn. I. tolmeiana. Very 3–4in (8–10cm) wide, with golden beards.
Z5–8 H8–5. up flower stem. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Duchess of variable, rhizomatous, beardless Pacific Mid-green leaves have purple bases.
I. ‘Kent Pride’, illus. p.225. Strong- York’ bears purple flowers. Flowers of Coast iris. H to 21/2ft (75cm), S indefinite. Z3–9 H9–1.
growing, rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). ‘Mont Blanc’ are pure white. ‘Queen of Branched stem produces 2 or 3 pale blue, I. ‘Pixie’, illus. p.418.
H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In mid-spring the Blues’ has blue standards and purple- lavender, lilac, blue or white flowers, 2–3in I. ‘Professor Blaauw’. Bulbous Xiphium
produces deep chestnut-brown and white blue falls. (5–8cm) wide, in each spathe, in late spring iris (Dutch). H 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm).
flowers; standards are faintly suffused I. ‘Lavender Royal’. Rhizomatous, or early summer. Falls are veined and From spring to early summer produces
yellow and falls have white central patch, beardless Pacific Coast iris. H 18in (45cm), usually have yellow blaze. Z3–9 H9–1. 1 or 2 rich violet-blue flowers, 21/2–3in
yellow beards and yellow and brown S indefinite. In late spring to early summer, I. ‘Morwenna’. Robust, rhizomatous, (6–8cm) across. Narrowly lance-shaped,
veining, surrounded by chestnut-brown branched stems bear lavender flowers with bearded iris (Tall). H 28–32in (70–80cm), channeled, mid-green leaves are scattered
margins. darker flushes. Z5–8 H8–5. S indefinite. In mid- to late spring bears up flower stem. Z3–9 H9–1.

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I. pseudacorus (Yellow flag), illus. p.225. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 21/2in (6cm). In I. sintenisii. Rhizomatous, beardless I. ‘Thornbird’. Rhizomatous, bearded iris I
Robust, rhizomatous, beardless iris. H to spring produces 1 or 2 long-tubed Spuria iris. H 12in (30cm), S indefinite. (Tall). H 3ft (90cm), S indefinite. In early
6ft (2m), S indefinite. Branched stem flowers, 11/2–2in (4–5cm) wide, with Has linear, dark green leaves. In late spring summer produces up to 7 flowers, with 611
produces 4–12 golden-yellow flowers, small, downward-turned, rich purple produces 2 white flowers, densely veined pale greenish-white standards and
2–5in (5–12cm) wide, usually with brown standards and reddish-purple falls, each blue-purple. Z6–8 H8–6. greenish-brown falls overlaid with deep
or violet veining and darker yellow patch with yellow ridge in center. Has lance- I. ‘Soft Blue’. See I. sibirica ‘Soft Blue’. violet lines. Long, horned beard is violet,
on falls, from early to mid-summer. shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves in I. ‘Splash Down’. Rhizomatous, beardless tipped with mustard-yellow. Z3–9 H9–1.
Leaves are broad, ridged and grayish- basal tuft. Is difficult to grow and is best Siberian iris. H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. From I. ‘Titan’s Glory’. Robust, rhizomatous,
green. Prefers partial shade and thrives in an alpine house or cold frame. Z4–9 late spring to early summer, branched stem well-branched, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–38in
in a water garden. Z5–8 H8–3. var. H9–1. produces 1–4 flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) (90–100cm), S  indefinite. Produces very
bastardii, syn. I. pseudacorus ‘Sulphur I. ‘Ruban Bleu’. Strong-growing, across. Standards are pale blue and falls large, deep purple-blue flowers, with
Queen’, illus. p.445. ‘Variegata’ has rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 32–36in speckled blue on pale ground. Prefers almost silken texture, in mid-spring. Z3–8
yellow-and-green-striped foliage in (85–90cm), S indefinite. In late spring and moist soil. Z3–9 H9–1. H9–1.
spring, often turning green before early summer has scented flowers with I. spuria. Very variable, rhizomatous, I. tolmeiana. See I. missouriensis.
flowering. ‘Sulphur Queen’. See snow-white standards and slightly ruffled, beardless Spuria iris. H 20–36in (50–90cm), I. ‘Tropic Night’, illus. p.225. Strong-
I. pseudacorus var. bastardii. dark blue-violet falls each with large, white S indefinite. Strong, erect-branched stem growing, rhizomatous, beardless Siberian
I. pumila. Rhizomatous, bearded iris. basal patch and orange beard. Z3–8 H9–1. produces 2–5 pale blue-purple, sky-blue, iris. H 36in (90cm), S indefinite. In late
H 4–6in (10–15cm), S indefinite. In mid- I. ‘Ruffled Velvet’. Rhizomatous, violet-blue, white or yellow flowers, 2–5in spring and early summer produces deep
spring, flower stem bears 2 or 3 long-tubed beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (1m), (5–12cm) across, in early summer. Prefers violet-blue flowers; upright standards and
flowers, 1–2in (2.5–5cm) wide, varying from S indefinite. In early summer produces moist soil. Z6–9 H9–5. rounded falls have strong, white feathering
violet-purple to white, yellow or blue, with 2 or 3 red-purple flowers marked with I. ‘Stepping Out’. Rhizomatous, bearded and veining near bases and are touched
yellow or blue beards on falls. Prefers very yellow. Z4–9 H9–1. iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Well- yellow around throats. Z3–8 H9–1.
well-drained, slightly alkaline soil. Z4–9 I. ‘Saffron Jewel’. Rhizomatous, branched stem produces 8–11 white flowers, I. tuberosa. See Hermodactylus tuberosus.
H9–1. bearded iris (Intermediate). H 30in (75cm), 51/2–6in (14–15cm) wide, with deep blue- I. unguicularis, syn. I. stylosa (Algerian
I. ‘Rare Treat’. Robust, rhizomatous, S indefinite. In early summer, branched purple marks, in early summer. Z3–9 H9–1. iris, Winter iris). Evergreen, rhizomatous,
bearded iris (Tall). H 36in (90cm), stem produces 2–5 flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) I. stylosa. See I. unguicularis. beardless iris. H to 8in (20cm), S indefinite.
S indefinite. In mid- to late spring produces across, with oyster falls, veined chartreuse, I. ‘Sun Miracle’. Rhizomatous, bearded Has narrow, tough leaves. Almost stemless,
ruffled, snow-white flowers, with both and paler standards. Falls each have blue iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. Well- primrose-scented, lilac flowers, 2–3in
standards and falls margined deep purple- blaze and beard. Z3–9 H9–1. branched stem produces 7–10 pure yellow (5–8cm) across with yellow centers to falls
blue, and bases of falls and beards similarly I. sanguinea, syn. I. extremorientalis, flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) wide, in early and with very long tubes, are produced
colored. Z4–9 H9–1. I. orientalis of gardens. Rhizomatous, summer. Z3–9 H9–1. from late fall to early spring. Buds are
I. ‘Raspberry Candy’. Vigorous, beardless Siberian iris. H to 3ft (1m), I. ‘Supreme Sultan’. Vigorous, prone to slug attack. Is excellent for cut
rhizomatous, beardless Japanese iris. S indefinite. From late spring to early rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), flowers. Prefers a sheltered site against
H 32–36in (80–90cm), S indefinite. In late summer, branched stem produces 2 or 3 S indefinite. In late spring and early a south- or west-facing wall. Z7–9 H9–7.
spring and early summer produces large, deep purple or red-purple flowers, 2–4in summer bears large, ruffled flowers, with ‘Mary Barnard’ has deep violet-blue
open, white flowers strongly veined red- (5–10cm) wide, from each set of bracts. Falls deep golden-yellow standards, rich dark flowers. subsp. cretensis, syn. I. cretensis
violet, with bright yellow blazes at bases are red-purple with white throats finely red-brown falls that are paler at margins, (illus. p.224), H 4in (10cm), has violet
of falls. Z4–9 H9–1. veined purple. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Snow Queen’ and deep yellow beards. Z3–8 H9–1. or lavender-blue standards and white or
I. reticulata (Reticulated iris). Bulbous (illus. p.224) has pure white flowers with I. susiana (Mourning iris). Rhizomatous yellow falls with violet veining at bases and
Reticulata iris. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 11/2– yellow-green marks at base of falls. Oncocyclus iris. H 14–16in (35–40cm), clear violet tips. Flowers of ‘Walter Butt’
21/2in (4–6cm). In early spring bears I. ‘Sapphire Star’. Rhizomatous, S indefinite. In late spring produces are pale silvery-lavender.
solitary, fragrant, long-tubed, deep violet- beardless Japanese iris. H 4ft (1.2m), solitary, grayish-white flower, 3–6in I. variegata (Variegated iris), illus. p.225.
purple flower, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm) wide, with S indefinite. In summer, branched stem (8–15cm) wide, heavily veined deep purple. Rhizomatous, bearded iris. H 12–20in
yellow ridge down each fall center. Narrow, bears 3–5 white-veined, lavender flowers, Standards appear larger than incurved (30–50cm), S indefinite. In early summer,
squared leaves elongate after flowering 6–12in (15–30cm) wide, penciled with falls, which each have black blaze and deep branched stem produces 3–6 flowers,
time. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Cantab’ (illus. p.225) has white halo around yellow blaze on each purple beard. Grows best in a frame or 2–3in (5–8cm) across, with bright yellow
clear pale blue flowers with a deep yellow fall. Prefers moist soil. Z3–8 H8–1. alpine house. Z7–9 H9–1. standards and white or pale yellow falls,
ridge on each fall. ‘Clairette’. See I. ‘Saturday Night Live’. Vigorous, I. ‘Sweet Musette’. Vigorous, heavily veined red-brown and appearing
I. ‘Clairette’. ‘Edward’, H 6in (15cm), rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–38in rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36–38in striped. Z5–9 H9–5.
S 3/4in (2cm), has solitary, slightly fragrant, (90–95cm), S indefinite. Has mildly scented, (90–95cm), S indefinite. In mid- and late I. verna (Vernal iris). Rhizomatous,
orange-striped, blue-purple flowers from deep red-brown to burgundy-red flowers, spring produces large, ruffled, frilly beardless iris. H 2in (5cm), S indefinite.
late winter to early spring. Leaves are with bronze-yellow beards and faint, light flowers, with lavender-flushed, peach-pink In mid-spring bears 1, occasionally 2, lilac-
linear and mid-green. Flowers of ‘J.S. yellow veining near bases of falls, from standards, purplish-pink falls and orange blue flowers, 1–2in (2.5–5cm) across, with
Dijt’ are reddish-purple with orange ridge mid-spring to early summer. Z3–8 H8–1. beards. Z3–8 H9–1. narrow, orange stripe in center of each
on each fall. ‘Violet Beauty’. See I. ‘Violet I. setosa, illus. p.441. I. tectorum (Roof iris). Evansia iris with fall. Prefers partial shade and moist but
Beauty’. I. ‘Shepherd’s Delight’. Rhizomatous, sturdy rhizomes. H 10–14in (25–35cm), well-drained soil. Z5–9 H9–5.
I. ‘Ringo’, illus. p.224. Vigorous, bearded iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. S indefinite. Has fans of broadly lance- I. versicolor, illus. p.442. ‘Kermesina’
rhizomatous, bearded iris (Tall). H 36in In early summer, well-branched stem shaped, ribbed leaves. In early summer, (illus. p.225) is a robust, rhizomatous,
(90cm), S indefinite. In late spring and early produces 6–10 clear pink flowers, 6–7in sparsely branched stem produces 2–3 beardless iris. H 2ft (60cm), S indefinite.
summer, lightly ruffled flowers have white (15–18cm) wide, with yellow cast. Z3–8 darker-veined, bright lilac flowers, 1/2–3in Branched stem produces 3–5 or more red-
standards touched purple on midribs and H8–1. (1–8cm) across, with white crest on each purple flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) across, with
dark reddish-purple falls with narrow, I. sibirica, illus. p.441. Rhizomatous, fall, from each spathe. Prefers a sheltered, dense, white feathering at bases of falls,
white margins and orange beards. Z5–8 beardless Siberian iris. H 20–48in sunny site near a south- or west-facing from early to mid-summer. Prefers partial
H8–5. (50–120cm), S indefinite. From late spring wall. Z5–9 H9–3. shade and thrives in moist soil or in shallow
I. ‘Rippling Rose’. Rhizomatous, bearded to early summer, branched stem bears I. tenax. Rhizomatous, beardless Pacific water. ‘Rowden Cadenza’, illus. p.438.
iris (Tall). H 3ft (1m), S indefinite. In early 2 or 3 dark-veined, blue or blue-purple Coast iris. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S indefinite. I. ‘Violet Beauty’, syn. I. reticulata ‘Violet
summer, well-branched stem has 6–10 flowers, 5–10cm (2–4in) across, from each From late spring to early summer produces Beauty’. Bulbous Reticulata iris. H 4–6in
white flowers, 6in (15cm) wide, with purple spathe. Prefers moist or boggy conditions. 1 or 2 deep purple to lavender-blue flowers, (10–15cm), S 11/2–21⁄2in (4–6cm). In early
marks and lemon-yellow beards. Z4–9 Z3–8 H9–1. ‘Papillon’ (illus. p.225), H 36in 3–5in (8–12cm) across, often with yellow- spring bears solitary, fragrant, long-tubed,
H9–1. (90cm), produces a prolific display of soft and-white marking on falls. White, cream deep violet-purple flower, 11/2–21/2in (4–6cm)
I. x robusta ‘Gerald Darby’, illus. p.224. blue flowers, veined in white on falls. and yellow variants also occur. Narrow, wide, with orange ridge down center of
Rhizomatous, beardless Species Hybrid ‘Shirley Pope’ (illus. p.225), H 34in (85cm), dark green leaves are stained pink at base. each fall. Narrow, squared leaves elongate
iris. H 32in (80cm), S indefinite. In late has velvety, dark, almost blue-back flowers, Z5–9 H9–5. after flowering time. Z5–9 H8–4.
spring and early summer, unbranched with white zone veined in purple at base I. ‘Theseus’. Rhizomatous Regeliocyclus I. warleyensis. Bulbous Juno iris.
purplish-green stems bear up to 4 violet- of horizontal falls. ‘Soft Blue’ (illus. p.225). iris. H 18in (45cm), S indefinite. From late H 8–18in (20–45cm), S 3in (8cm). In spring
blue flowers, with deep yellow signals on H 30in (75cm), S indefinite. In early to mid- spring to early summer produces usually 2 produces up to 5 pale lilac or violet-blue
falls. Leaves are stained purple at bases. spring produces pale blue flowers; the flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, with violet flowers, 2–3in (5–7cm) across, in leaf axils.
Prefers wet conditions. Z4–9 H9–3. long, arching falls have yellow basal standards and violet-veined, cream falls. Is Each fall has darker blue apex and yellow
I. rosenbachiana. Bulbous Juno iris. markings and darker blue veins. best in a frame or alpine house. Z7–9 H9–7. stain in center. Bears scattered, lance-

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ISATIS

shaped, channeled, mid-green leaves. Is ISMENE stalk bears fernlike, 3-parted leaves, IXORA
best in an unheated greenhouse. Z6–8 H8–6. each leaflet being divided into 3. Produces
I. ‘White Excelsior’. Bulbous Xiphium AMARYLLIDACEAE small, nodding, cup-shaped, white RUBIACEAE
iris (Dutch). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm). flowers in spring. Z5–8 H8–5.
From spring to early summer bears 1 or 2 Genus of bulbs, grown for their large, Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
white flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) wide, with white, scented flowers. Is similar to ISOTOMA shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers,
yellow stripe down each fall center. Hymenocallis and Pancratium. Requires some also for their foliage. Prefers full sun
Narrowly lance-shaped, channeled, mid- a sheltered site in sun or partial shade CAMPANULACEAE and rich, well-drained soil. Water container
green leaves are scattered on flower stem. and rich, well-drained soil. Plant in early specimens freely when in full growth,
Z6–8 H8–6. summer, lifting before the first frosts Genus of perennials, often cultivated moderately at other times. Propagate by
I. winogradowii, illus. p.225. Bulbous in cold areas, or grow under glass, reduce as annuals, grown for their long, tubular seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
Reticulata iris. H 21/2–4in (6–10cm), watering in winter, repot in spring. flowers. Is suitable for containers and summer.
S 21/2–3in (6–7cm). Solitary, pale primrose- Propagate by offsets in spring or by seed summer bedding. Needs sun and moist I. coccinea (Flame of the woods, Jungle
yellow flower, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) wide, when ripe. but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed flame, Jungle geranium), illus. p.456.
spotted green on falls, is produced in early I. calanthina. See I. narcissiflora. in spring, by tip cuttings in spring or
spring. Narrow, squared leaves are very I. x deflexa, syn. Hymenocallis festalis. softwood cuttings in summer or by
short at flowering time but elongate later. Spring- or summer-flowering bulb with division.
Z6–8 H8–6. a basal leaf cluster. H to 32in (80cm), I. Avant-Garde Series, illus. p.313.
I. ‘Wisley White’. Rhizomatous, beardless S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears strap-shaped,
Siberian iris. H to 3ft (1m), S indefinite. semierect leaves. Produces a head of 2–5 Isotrema griffithii. See Aristolochia
Each stem has 2 or 3 white flowers, held scented, white flowers, 8in (20cm) across, griffithii.
well above foliage, in early summer. Z6–8 each with a deep, central cup and 6 narrow,
H8–6. reflexed petals. Z8–10 H10–6. ITEA
I. xiphioides. See I. latifolia. I. x macrostephana, syn. Hymenocallis
I. xiphium. Bulbous Xiphium iris x macrostephana. Evergreen, spring- or ESCALLONIACEAE/ITEACEAE
(Spanish). H to 32in (80cm), S 6in (15cm). summer-flowering bulb. H 32in (80cm),
Has 1 or 2 blue or violet, occasionally S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has strap-shaped, Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees and
yellow or white, flowers, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) semierect, basal leaves and fragrant, shrubs, grown for their foliage and flowers.
across, with central orange or yellow white or cream- to greenish-yellow Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well-
marks on falls, in spring and early flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) wide. Z8–10 drained but not too dry soil. Propagate by
summer. Narrowly lance-shaped, H10–7. softwood cuttings in summer.
channeled, mid-green leaves are I. narcissiflora syn. I. calanthina, I. ilicifolia, illus. p.211.
scattered on flower stem. Z5–9 H9–5. Hymenocallis calathina, Hymenocallis
‘Blue Angel’ bears bright mid-blue narcissiflora, (Peruvian daffodil) illus. p.408. IXIA
flowers with yellow mark in center of I. x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Queen’, syn.
each fall. Z4–9 H9–3. Flowers of Hymenocallis x spofforthiae ‘Sulphur Corn lily
‘Lusitanica’ are pure yellow. Z4–9 Queen’, illus. p.412. IRIDACEAE
H9–3. ‘Queen Wilhelmina’ produces
ISOLEPIS Genus of spring- and summer-flowering
I white flowers in spring. Z4–9 H9–3. corms with wiry stems, grown for
‘Wedgwood’ has bright blue flowers. CYPERACEAE their spikes of flattish flowers. Needs
Z4–9 H9–3. an open, sunny situation and well-
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES drained soil. Plant in fall for spring and
ISATIS and SEDGES. early summer flowers; plant in spring
I. setaceus syn. Scirpus setaceus, (Bristle for later summer display. Dry off after
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE club-rush). Tuft-forming, annual or short- flowering. Propagate in fall by seed or
lived, perennial rush. H 4–6in (10–15cm), by offsets at replanting time.
Genus of summer-flowering annuals, S 3in (8cm). Has very slender, lax, basal I. ‘Mabel’. Spring- to early summer-
biennials and perennials. Needs sun and leaves. Very slender, unbranched stems flowering corm. H 16in (40cm), S 1–2in
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed each bear 1–3 minute, egg-shaped, green (2.5–5cm). Has linear, mid-green, basal
in fall or spring. spikelets in summer. Z12–15 H12–10. leaves and spikes of deep pink flowers.
I. tinctoria (Woad). Vigorous, upright Z10–11 H12–10.
biennial. H to 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). ISOPLEXIS I. maculata. Spring- to early summer-
Has oblong to lance-shaped, glaucous flowering corm. H 16in (40cm), S 1–2in
leaves and, in summer, large, terminal SCROPHULARIACEAE/ (2.5–5cm). Leaves are linear, erect and
panicles of 4-petaled, yellow flowers. PLANTAGINACEAE mostly basal. Wiry stem bears a spike of
Z4–8 H8–1. flattish, orange or yellow flowers, 1–2in
Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- (2.5–5cm) across, with brown or black
612 ISMELIA flowering shrubs, grown for their flowers. centers. Z10–11 H12–10.
Is closely related to Digitalis. Tolerates full I. monadelpha. Spring- to early
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE light or partial shade and prefers well- summer-flowering corm. H 12in (30cm),
drained soil. Water container specimens S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Linear, erect leaves
Genus of one species of annuals, grown freely when in full growth, moderately at are mostly basal. Stem produces a dense
for its daisylike flower heads. Needs full other times. Remove spent flower spikes. spike of 5–10 flattish, white, pink, purple
sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe or blue flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) across,
seed in spring. cuttings in late summer. often with differently colored eyes. Z10–11
I. carinata, syn. Chrysanthemum I. canariensis, syn. Digitalis canariensis, H12–10.
carinatum, Chrysanthemum tricolor. illus. p.459. I. viridiflora, illus. p.406.
‘Monarch Court Jesters’ is a fast-
growing, erect, branching annual. ISOPYRUM IXIOLIRION
H 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has
feathery, gray-green leaves and, in False rue anemone AMARYLLIDACEAE/IXIOLIRIACEAE
summer, daisylike, zoned flower heads,
to 3in (8cm) wide, in various color RANUNCULACEAE Genus of bulbs, grown for their funnel-
combinations. H9–1. Tricolor Series shaped flowers mainly in spring. Needs a
is a group of fast-growing, upright, Genus of spring-flowering perennials, sheltered, sunny site and well-drained soil
branching annuals. Tall cultivars, H 24in grown for their small flowers and delicate that becomes hot and dry in summer to
(60cm), S 12in (30cm); dwarf, H and S 12in foliage. Is suitable for peat beds, ripen the bulb. Propagate by seed or offsets
(30cm). In summer produces single woodlands and rock gardens. Requires in fall.
or double flower heads in many color shade and rich, moist soil. Propagate by I. montanum. See I. tataricum.
combinations. seed when fresh or by division in fall. Self- I. tataricum, syn. I. montanum (Tatar lily),
seeds readily. illus. p.403.
I. thalictroides. Dainty, clump-forming
perennial. H and S 10in (25cm). Central

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JK JANCAEA H 6in (15cm), S 15in (38cm) or more. less frequently in winter. Propagate by seed
Produces a tangled mass of fine stems and in spring at not less than 77°F (25°C). Red
JACARANDA SYN. JANKAEA twigs bearing minute, oval leaves. Masses spider mite may be a nuisance.
of tiny, tubular, 5-lobed, yellow flowers are J. chilensis, syn. J. spectabilis, illus. p.80.
BIGNONIACEAE GESNERIACEAE produced from leaf axils in early summer. J. spectabilis. See J. chilensis.
Z7–11 H12–7.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees, Genus of one species of evergreen, rosetted J. polyanthum, illus. p.208. JUGLANS J
grown for their flowers in spring–summer perennial, grown for its flowers and silver- J. primulinum. See J. mesnyi. K
and their foliage. Needs full light and well- green leaves. Makes a good alpine house J. rex. See J. nobile subsp. rex. Walnut
drained soil. Water container specimens plant. Is difficult to grow, as needs shade J. x stephanense, illus. p.201.
freely when in full growth, sparingly at from mid-day sun in high summer, a rich, JUGLANDACEAE
other times. Potted plants grown for their gritty, moist, alkaline soil and a gritty collar. JEFFERSONIA
foliage only may be cut back hard in late Dislikes winter wet. Propagate by seed in Genus of deciduous trees, with aromatic
winter. Propagate by seed in spring or spring or by leaf cuttings in mid-summer. Twinleaf leaves, grown for their foliage, stately habit
by semiripe cuttings in summer. J. heldreichii, illus. p.355. and, in some species, edible nuts (walnuts).
J. acutifolia. See J. mimosifolia. BERBERIDACEAE Produces greenish-yellow catkins in spring
J. mimosifolia, syn. J. acutifolia, Jankaea. See Jancaea. and early summer. Young plants are prone
J. ovalifolia, illus. p.451. Genus of spring-flowering perennials. to frost damage. Requires full sun and
J. ovalifolia. See J. mimosifolia. JASIONE Needs shade or partial shade and rich, deep, fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
moist soil. Extensive root systems resent by seed, when ripe, in fall.
Jacobinia carnea. See Justicia carnea. Sheep’s bit disturbance. Top-dress crown in late fall. J. ailantifolia, syn. J. sieboldiana (Japanese
Jacobinia coccinea. See Pachystachys Propagate by seed as soon as ripe. walnut). Deciduous, spreading tree with
coccinea. CAMPANULACEAE J. diphylla, illus. p.333. sturdy shoots. H and S 50ft (15m). Very large
Jacobinia pohliana. See Justicia carnea. J. dubia, syn. Plagiorhegma dubia, illus. leaves consist of 11–17 oblong, glossy,
Jacobinia spicigera. See Justicia Genus of summer-flowering annuals, p.355. bright green leaflets. Bears edible walnuts in
spicigera. biennials and perennials, grown for their fall. Z5–8 H8–5. var. cordiformis, syn.
flower heads. Needs sun and sandy soil. JOVIBARBA J. cordiformis illus. p.67.
JACQUEMONTIA Remove old stems in fall. Propagate by J. cathayensis (Chinese walnut).
seed in fall or by division in spring. CRASSULACEAE Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 70ft
CONVOLVULACEAE J. laevis, syn. J. perennis (Sheep’s bit (20m). Has very large leaves, consisting of
scabious, Shepherd’s scabious). Tufted Genus of evergreen perennials that 11–17 oval to oblong, dark green leaflets.
Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, perennial. H 2–12in (5–30cm), S 4–8in spread by short stolons and are grown Bears edible walnuts in fall. Z5–8 H8–5.
grown for their flowers. Needs full light (10–20cm). Has narrowly oblong, very for their symmetrical rosettes of oval J. cinerea (Butternut). Fast-growing,
and well-drained soil. Water freely except hairy or glabrous, gray-green leaves and, to strap-shaped, pointed, fleshy leaves. deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft (25m),
in cold weather. Provide support. Thin in summer, spiky, spherical, blue flower Makes ground-hugging mats, suitable S 70ft (20m). Leaves are large and very
out by cutting old stems to ground level heads borne on erect stems. Is good for for rock gardens, screes, walls, banks aromatic, with 7–19 oval to oblong,
in spring. Propagate by seed in spring a rock garden. Z6–8 H8–6. and alpine houses. Needs sun and gritty pointed, bright green leaflets. Bears
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. J. perennis. See J. laevis. soil. Takes several years to reach flowering dense clusters of large, rounded nuts
Red spider mite and whitefly may size. Rosettes die after plants have in fall. Z3–9 H9–1.
cause problems. JASMINUM flowered, but leave numerous offsets. J. cordiformis. See J. ailantifolia var.
J. pentantha, syn. J. violacea. Fast- Propagate by offsets in summer. cordiformis.
growing, evergreen, twining climber. Jasmine J. hirta, syn. Sempervivum globiferum J. microcarpa, syn. J. rupestris, illus. p.88.
H 6–10ft (2–3m). Has heart-shaped, subsp. hirtum, illus. p.374. J. nigra, illus. p.63.
pointed leaves and funnel-shaped, OLEACEAE J. sobolifera, syn. Sempervivum J. regia, illus. p.62.
rich violet-blue or pure blue flowers, globiferum subsp. globiferum. Vigorous, J. rupestris. See J. microcarpa.
1in (2.5cm) wide, in long-stalked clusters Genus of deciduous or evergreen evergreen, mat-forming perennial. H 4in J. sieboldiana. See J. ailantifolia.
in summer–fall. Z12–15 H12–10. shrubs and woody-stemmed, scrambling (10cm), S 8in (20cm). Rounded, grayish-
J. violacea. See J. pentantha. or twining climbers, grown for their star- green or olive-green rosettes are often JUNCUS
shaped, often fragrant flowers and their red-tinged. Flower stems bear terminal
JAMESBRITTENIA foliage. Needs full sun and fertile, well- clusters of small, cup-shaped, 6-petaled Rush
drained soil. J. nudiflorum, which needs (rarely 5 or 7), pale yellow flowers in
SCROPHULARIACEAE support, benefits from having its old shoots summer. Z5–8 H8–5. JUNCACEAE
thinned out after flowering, when others
Genus of annuals, perennials and may be pruned. Propagate by semiripe JUANULLOA See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
evergreen shrubs. Needs a position in cuttings in summer. and SEDGES.
sun and in moist but well-drained soil. J. angulare, syn. J. capense. Evergreen, SOLANACEAE J. effusus f. spiralis, syn. J. effusus
Propagate by seed or division in spring or woody-stemmed, scrambling climber. ‘Spiralis’, illus. p.286. ‘Spiralis’. See
by softwood cuttings in spring or summer. H 6ft (2m) or more. Dark green leaves have Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering J. effusus f. spiralis.
J. grandiflora, syn. Sutera grandiflora. 3 oval leaflets. Small clusters of fragrant, shrubs, grown for their flowers. Low
Much-branched, subshrubby perennial, tubular, 5-lobed, white flowers are borne temperatures cause leaf drop. Prefers JUNIPERUS 613
used for summer bedding. H 3ft (1m), in late summer. Z10–11 H12–9. full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
S 12–18in (30–45cm). Has oval to oblong J. beesianum, illus. p.193. Water container specimens moderately Juniper
round toothed leaves. Tubular, 5-lobed, J. capense. See J. angulare. when in full growth, less at other times.
frilled deep purple flowers are produced J. grandiflorum. See J. officinale f. affine. To encourage a branching habit, tip prune CUPRESSACEAE
from mid-summer to fall. Z12–15 H12–10. J. humile, illus. p.139. ‘Revolutum’ illus. young plants. Propagate by semiripe
p.206. f. wallichianum has semi-pendent cuttings in summer. Whitefly, red spider See also CONIFERS.
JAMESIA flowers and 7–13 leaflets. mite and mealy bug may be troublesome. J. chinensis (Chinese juniper). Conical
J. mesnyi, syn. J. primulinum, illus. p.195. J. aurantica. See J. mexicana. conifer, making a tree. H 50ft (15m),
SCROPHULARIACEAE/HYDRANGEACEAE J. nobile subsp. rex, syn. J. rex. J. mexicana, syn. J. aurantica. Evergreen, S 6–10ft (2–3m), or a spreading shrub
Evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining upright, sparingly branched shrub. H 6ft H 3–15ft (1–5m), S 10–15ft (3–5m). Has
Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, climber. H 10ft (3m). Has broadly oval, (2m) or more, S 2–3ft (60–100cm). Leaves peeling bark. Both scale- and needlelike,
grown for its flowers. Needs full sun and leathery, deep green leaves. Scentless, are felted beneath. Has orange flowers, aromatic, dark green leaves, paired or in
fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by tubular, 5-lobed, pure white flowers are each with a ribbed calyx, in short, nodding 3s, are borne on same shoot. Globose,
softwood cuttings in summer. pink-tinged in bud and are produced clusters in summer. Z13–15 H12–9. fleshy, berry-like fruits are glaucous white.
J. americana (Cliffbush, Waxflower). intermittently all year if warm enough. Many cultivars commonly listed under
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), S 8ft Z13–15 H12–10. JUBAEA J. chinensis are forms of J. x pfitzeriana.
(2.5m). Rounded, gray-green leaves are J. nudiflorum, illus. p.144. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Aurea’, H 30–50ft (10–15m),
gray-white beneath. Clusters of small, J. officinale (Common jasmine, Poet’s Chilean wine palm S 10–12ft (3–4m), is a slow-growing, oval
slightly fragrant, star-shaped, white jasmines). Semievergreen or deciduous, or conical form with gold foliage and
flowers are produced in late spring. Z5–9 woody-stemmed, twining climber. H to 40ft PALMAE/ARECACEAE abundant yellow, male cones. ‘Blaauw’,
H12–10. (12m). Leaves comprise 7 or 9 leaflets. Has syn. J. x media ‘Blaauw’, H and S 6ft (2m), is
clusters of fragrant, 4- or 5-lobed, white Genus of one species of evergreen palm, a spreading shrub with blue-green foliage.
flowers in summer–fall. Z8–11 H12–8. f. grown for its overall appearance. Needs ‘Expansa Variegata’, syn. J. davurica
affine, syn. J. grandiflorum illus. p.196. full light and fertile, well-drained soil. ‘Expansa Variegata’, H 30in (75cm), S 5–6ft
J. parkeri. Evergreen, domed shrub. Water container specimens moderately, (1.5–2m), has trailing or ascending

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J branchlets and yellow-variegated, bluish- suitable as groundcover or as specimen intense silvery-blue foliage. ‘Tabletop’, J. pohliana. See J. carnea.
K green leaves. ‘Kaizuka’, H 15ft (5m), plants in a small garden. Some forms are H 6ft (2m), S 15ft (5m), has a flat-topped J. rizzinii, syn. J. floribunda, J. pauciflora,
S 10–15ft (3–5m), forms a sprawling, commonly listed under J. chinensis. Z4–9 habit and silvery-blue leaves. Libonia floribunda. Evergreen, rounded,
614 irregular bush and has a profusion of cones. H9–1. ‘Aurea’, syn. J. x media ‘Pfitzeriana J. squamata (Singleseed juniper). freely branching shrub. H and S 1–2ft
‘Keteleeri’, illus. p.100. ‘Obelisk’, illus. Aurea’ has golden foliage. ‘Blue and Prostrate to sprawling, shrubby conifer. (30–60cm). Leaves are oval and mid-green.
p.103. ‘Plumosa Aurea’, syn. J. x media Gold’, syn. J. x media ‘Blue and Gold’, H 1–12ft (30cm–4m), S 3–15ft (1–5m). Bark Bears nodding clusters of tubular, yellow-
‘Plumosa Aurea’ is more erect, with green- H to 3ft (1m), S 3ft (1m), is a spreading form is red-brown and flaking. Needlelike, tipped, scarlet flowers mainly fall–spring.
gold foliage, turning bronze in winter. with leaves variegated sky-blue and gold. aromatic, fresh green or bluish-green Divide every few years.
‘Pyramidalis’, H 30ft (10m), S 3–6ft (1–2m), ‘Glauca’, syn. J. x media ‘Pfitzeriana leaves spread at tips of shoots. Produces J. spicigera, syn. J. ghiesbreghtiana,
is a columnar, dense form with ascending Glauca’ produces gray-blue leaves. ‘Old ovoid, fleshy, black berries. Z4–9 H9–1. Jacobinia spicigera. Evergreen, well-
branches bearing needlelike, blue-green Gold’ (illus. p.105), H 3ft (1m), S 8ft (2.5m), ‘Blue Carpet’ (illus. p.105), H 1ft (30cm), branched shrub. H 3–6ft (1–1.8m), S 21/2–4ft
leaves. ‘Robusta Green’, syn. J. virginiana has a compact, spreading, flat-topped habit S 6–10ft (2–3m), is vigorous and prostrate, (75–120cm). Has spikes of tubular, orange
‘Robusta Green’, illus. p.103. ‘Stricta’, and bronze-yellow leaves. ‘Pfitzeriana with glaucous blue foliage. ‘Blue Star’, or red flowers in summer and occasionally
H to 15ft (5m), S to 3ft (1m), is conical, with Compacta’, H and S 5ft (1.5m), has a H 20in (50cm), S 24in (60cm), forms a dense, other seasons. Z14–15 H12–10.
soft, blue-green, young foliage. dense, compact habit and a tendency to rounded bush and has blue foliage.
J. communis (Common juniper). Conifer, produce more juvenile leaves. ‘William ‘Chinese Silver’, H and S 10–12ft (3–4m), KADSURA
ranging from a spreading shrub to a Pfitzer’, syn. J. x media ‘Pfitzeriana’, has branches with nodding tips and bluish
narrow, upright tree. H 1–25ft (30cm–8m), H 10ft (3m), S 10–15ft (3–5m), is a spreading, leaves with bright silver undersides. SCHISANDRACEAE
S 3–12ft (1–4m). Has needlelike, aromatic, flat-topped shrub and produces grayish- ‘Holger’ (illus. p.105), H and S 6ft (2m),
glossy, mid- or yellow-green leaves in 3s green leaves. produces sulfur-yellow young leaves Genus of evergreen, twining climbers,
and bears globular to ovoid, fleshy, J. procumbens (Bonin Isles juniper). that contrast with steel-blue old foliage. grown for their foliage and fruits. Male 
greenish berries that become glaucous Spreading, prostrate, shrubby conifer. ‘Meyeri’, H and S 15ft (5m), has a sprawling and female flowers are borne on separate
blue, then ripen to black in their third year. H 30in (75cm), S 6ft (2m). Has red-brown habit and produces steel-blue foliage. plants, so plants of both sexes must be
Z2–6 H6–1. ‘Compressa’, H 30in (75cm), bark. Thick branches bear needlelike, J. virginiana (Eastern juniper, Eastern grown to obtain fruits. Needs partial shade
S 6in (15cm), is a dwarf, erect form. aromatic, light green or yellow-green red cedar). Slow-growing, conical or and tolerates any soil. Propagate by stem
‘Hibernica’, H 10–15ft (3–5m), S 12in leaves and globose, fleshy,  brown or black broadly columnar conifer. H 50–70ft (15– cuttings in late summer.
(30cm), is columnar. ‘Hornibrookii’, berries. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Nana’, H 6–8in 20m), S 20–25ft (6–8m). Both scale- and K. japonica. Evergreen, twining climber.
H 20in (50cm), S 6ft (2m), and ‘Prostrata’, (15–20cm), S 30in (75cm), is less vigorous needlelike, aromatic, gray-green leaves H 10–12ft (3–4m). Has oval or lance-shaped,
H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 3–6ft (1–2m), are and is mat-forming. are borne on same shoot. Ovoid, fleshy mid-green leaves. Solitary, small, fragrant,
carpeting plants. J. recurva, illus. p.103. var. coxii, illus. berries are brownish-violet and extremely cream flowers are produced in leaf axils in
J. conferta, syn. J. rigida subsp. conferta p.100. ‘Densa’, syn. J. recurva ‘Nana’ is a glaucous. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Burkii’, H to 20ft summer, followed by bright red berries.
(Shore juniper). Prostrate, shrubby conifer. spreading conifer. H 1ft (30cm), S 3ft (1m). (6m), S 3ft (1m), has blue-gray leaves Prefers well-drained soil.
H 6in (15cm), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Spreading Shaggy bark flakes in thin sheets. Sprays that become purple-tinged over winter.
branches bear dense, needlelike, aromatic, of long, needlelike, aromatic, dark green ‘Grey Owl’, H 10ft (3m), S 10–15ft (3–5m), KAEMPFERIA
glossy, bright green leaves, glaucous leaves are erect at tips. Ovoid, fleshy is a low, spreading cultivar with ascending
beneath. Produces glaucous black berries. berries are black. Z7–11 H12–7. ‘Nana’. branches and silvery-gray foliage. ‘Hetzii’, ZINGIBERACEAE
Tolerates salty, coastal air. See J. recurva ‘Densa’. syn. J. x media ‘Hetzii’, H 10–12ft (3–4m),
J. davurica ‘Expansa Variegata’. J. rigida (Needle juniper). Sprawling, S 12ft (4m), produces tiers of gray-green Genus of tufted, rhizomatous perennials,
See J. chinensis ‘Expansa Variegata’. shrubby conifer. H and S 25ft (8m). foliage. grown for their aromatic leaves and
J. drupacea (Syrian juniper). Columnar Gray or brown bark peels in strips. J. virginiana ‘Robusta Green’. See their flowers. Needs a moist atmosphere,
conifer. H 30–50ft (10–15m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Very sharp, needlelike, aromatic, J. chinensis ‘Robusta Green’. partial shade and moist, rich soil. Allow
Has needlelike, aromatic, light green bright green leaves, in 3s, are borne in J. virginiana ‘Skyrocket’. See to dry out when plants become dormant.
leaves, in 3s, and ovoid or almost globose, nodding sprays. Globose, fleshy fruits J. scopulorum ‘Skyrocket’. Propagate by division in late spring.
fleshy, brown berries. Z7–10 H10–7 are purplish-black. Z6–9 H9–6 subsp. See also feature panel p.477.
J. horizontalis (Creeping juniper). conferta. See J. conferta. JUSTICIA K. pulchra, illus. p.477. Tufted,
Prostrate, wide-spreading, mat-forming, J. sabina (Savin juniper). Spreading, rhizomatous perennial. H 6in (15cm),
shrubby conifer. H 20in (50cm), S indefinite. shrubby conifer. H to 12ft (4m), S 10–15ft ACANTHACEAE S 12in (30cm). Has horizontal, aromatic,
Has scale- or needlelike, aromatic, blue- (3–5m). Has flaking, red-brown bark. dark green leaves, variegated with paler
green or blue-gray leaves and pale blue- Slender shoots bear mainly scalelike, Genus of evergreen perennials, subshrubs green above. Short spikes of lilac-pink
gray berries. Z3–9 H9–1. Leaves of aromatic, dark green leaves that give off and shrubs, grown mainly for their flowers. flowers are produced from center of tufts
‘Andorra Compact’, syn. J. horizontalis a fetid smell when crushed. Produces Requires full light or partial shade and in summer. H11–10.
‘Plumosa Compacta’ turn bronze-purple in rounded, blue-black berries. Z4–7 H7–1. fertile, well-drained soil. Water container K. roscoeana (Dwarf ginger lily, Peacock
winter. ‘Douglasii’ has glaucous blue ‘Blaue Donau’, syn. J. sabina ‘Blue specimens freely when in full growth, lily). Rhizomatous perennial without an
foliage that turns plum-purple in winter. Danube’, H 6ft (2m), S 6–12ft (2–4m), is a moderately at other times. Some species obvious stem. H 2–4in (5–10cm), S 8–10in
‘Plumosa’ is less dense than J.h. ‘Andorra spreading form with branch tips curved need regular pruning. Propagate by (20–25cm). Usually has only 2 almost
Compact’ and has gray-green leaves, upward and gray-blue foliage. ‘Blue softwood or greenwood cuttings in spring rounded, aromatic leaves, to 4in (10cm)
becoming purple in winter. ‘Plumosa Danube’. See J. sabina ‘Blaue Donau’ or early summer. Whitefly may cause long, dark green with pale green marks
Compacta’. See J. horizontalis ‘Andorra ‘Cupressifolia’, H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m), problems. above, reddish-green below, that are
Compact’. ‘Prince of Wales’ has bright is a free-fruiting, female form with J. adhatoda, syn. Duvernoia held horizontally. Short spike of pure white
green foliage, tinged blue when young and horizontal or ascending branches and blue- adhatodoides, Adhatoda duvernoia (Snake flowers, each with a deeply lobed lip, are
turning purple-brown in winter. green leaves. ‘Mas’ has ascending bush). Evergreen, erect shrub. H 6–10ft produced from center of leaf tuft in fall.
‘Turquoise Spreader’ has turquoise- branches. Leaves are blue above, green (2–3m), S 3–6ft (1–2m). Has elliptic, dark Z11–12 H12–10.
green foliage. ‘Wiltonii’ has bluish-gray below, purplish in winter. var. green leaves. Fragrant, tubular, white or K. rotunda (Resurrection lily).
leaves that retain their color over winter. tamariscifolia (Tamarisk juniper), H 3ft mauve flowers, with pink, red or purple Herbacous, rhizomatous perennial. H 2ft
J. x media. See J. x pfitzeriana. ‘Blaauw’. (1m), S 6ft (2m), produces tiered layers of marks, are produced in summer–fall. (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has 2–4 broadly
See J. chinensis ‘Blaauw’. ‘Blue and mainly needlelike, bright green or blue- Z12–15 H12–1 lance-shaped leaves, 8–10in (20–25cm)
Gold’. See J. x pfitzeriana ‘Blue and green leaves. J. brandegeeana, syn. Beloperone long, patterned silver and deep green,
Gold’.‘Hetzii’. See J. virginiana ‘Hetzii’. J. scopulorum (Rocky Mountain juniper). guttata, Drejerella guttata, illus. p.455. with red undersides. White flowers, with
‘Pfitzeriana’. See J. x pfitzeriana ‘William Slow-growing, round-crowned conifer. ‘Chartreuse’ is an evergreen, arching pink to purple lips, borne on a separate
Pfitzer’. ‘Pfitzeriana Aurea’. See J. x H 30ft (10m), S 12ft (4m). Reddish-brown shrub. H to 3ft (1m), S 2–3ft (60–90cm). Has stem before leafy stem emerges, open in
pfitzeriana ‘Aurea’. ‘Pfitzeriana Glauca’. bark is furrowed into strips or squares white flowers surrounded by pale yellow- succession from late spring to summer.
See J. x pfitzeriana ‘Glauca’. ‘Plumosa and peels on branches. Scalelike, aromatic green bracts mainly in summer but also A number of cultivars are grown for their
Aurea’. See J. chinensis ‘Plumosa Aurea’. leaves are gray-green to dark green. Bears intermittently during the year. Z14–15 patterned foliage.
J. x pfitzeriana, syn. J. x media. Group of globose, fleshy, blue berries. Z3–7 H7–1. H12–9.
spreading to conical conifers. H 50ft (15m), ‘Skyrocket’, syn. J. virginiana ‘Skyrocket’ J. carnea, syn. J. pohliana, Jacobinia KALANCHOE
S 6–10ft (2–3m). Has peeling bark. Mainly (illus. p.105), H 26ft (8m), S 21⁄2ft (75cm), carnea, illus. p.455.
scalelike, dark green leaves exude a fetid is very narrow in habit with glaucous J. coccinea. See Pachystachys coccinea. SYN. BRYOPHYLLUM
smell when crushed. Fruits are globose to blue foliage. ‘Springbank’ is narrowly J. floribunda. See J. rizzinii.
rounded, white or blue-black. Cultivars are conical with drooping branch tips and J. ghiesbreghtiana. See J. spicigera. CRASSULACEAE
J. pauciflora. See J. rizzinii.
Genus of perennial succulents or shrubs,
grown for their very fleshy, mainly
cylindrical, oval or linear leaves and bell-

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shaped to tubular flowers. Many species KALMIOPSIS KERRIA K. arvensis, syn. Scabiosa arvensis
produce new plantlets from indented (Blue buttons). Erect perennial. H 4ft
leaf margins. Requires sun or partial ERICACEAE ROSACEAE (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Produces heads
shade and well-drained soil. Keep moist of pincushion-like, bluish-lilac flowers in
from spring to fall. Water lightly and Genus of one species of evergreen, Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, summer. Stems are clothed in narrowly
only occasionally in winter. Propagate spring-flowering shrub, grown for its grown for its showy, yellow flowers. oval to lyre-shaped, deeply divided
by seed, offsets or stem cuttings in spring flowers. Is suitable for peat gardens. Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, leaves. Z5–9 H9–5.
or summer. Requires partial shade and moist, peaty, well-drained soil. Thin out old shoots K. macedonica, syn. Scabiosa rumelica,
K. beharensis (Felt bush, Velvet leaf). acidic soil. Propagate by softwood or after flowering. Propagate by softwood illus. p.235.
Bushy, perennial succulent. H and S to 12ft semiripe cuttings in summer. cuttings in summer or by division in
(4m). Has triangular to lance-shaped, olive- K. leachiana ‘La Piniec’, syn. K. fall. KNIGHTIA
green leaves covered with fine, brown leachiana ‘M. le Piniec’. Evergreen, bushy K. japonica ‘Pleniflora’, illus. p.127. var.
hairs. Bell-shaped, yellow flowers are shrub. H and S 12in (30cm). Terminal simplex. is a deciduous, arching shrub. PROTEACEAE
produced in late winter, only on plants clusters of small, widely bell-shaped, H and S 6ft (2m). Has bright green foliage.
more than 6ft (2m) high. Z11–12 H12–1. purplish-pink flowers are produced from Single, buttercup-like, golden-yellow Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
K. blossfeldiana, illus. p.487. ‘Calandiva’, early to late spring. Has small, oval, glossy, flowers are borne from mid- to late spring. trees, grown for their flowers, foliage
illus. p.482. dark green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. ‘M. le Z5–9 H9–3. and overall appearance. Needs sun or
K. daigremontiana, illus. p.492. Piniec’. See K. leachiana ‘La Piniec’. partial shade and reasonably fertile, well-
K. delagoensis, syn. K. tubiflora, illus. KIGELIA drained soil. Water container specimens
p.496. KALOPANAX moderately, less in winter. Propagate
K. fedtschenkoi. Bushy, perennial Sausage tree by seed in spring.
succulent. H and S 3ft (1m). Produces ARALIACEAE BIGNONIACEAE K. excelsa (New Zealand honeysuckle,
oval, indented, blue-gray leaves with new Rewarewa). Evergreen, upright tree.
plantlets in each notch. Bell-shaped, Genus of one species of deciduous, fall- Genus of one species of evergreen tree, H 70ft (20m) or more, S 6–12ft (2–4m). Has
brownish-pink flowers, 3/4in (2cm) long, flowering tree, grown for its foliage and grown for its flowers, curious, sausage- oblong to lance-shaped, coarsely serrated,
are borne in late winter. Prefers a sunny fruits. Unripened wood on young plants is like fruits and for shade. Requires full leathery, glossy, deep green leaves. Dense
position. Z11 H12–10. ‘Variegata’, illus. susceptible to cold damage. Prefers sun light and rich, well-drained soil. Water racemes of slender, tubular, deep red
p.482. or partial shade and fertile, moist but well- container specimens moderately, very flowers are produced in summer. Z10–11
K. laetivirens. Evergreen, perennial drained soil. Propagate by softwood little when temperatures low. Propagate H12–10.
succulent. H 10in (25cm), S 6in (15cm). cuttings in summer. by seed in spring at not less than 73°F
Oblong to elliptic, glaucous, mid-green K. pictus. See K. septemlobus. (23°C). KNIPHOFIA J
leaves, turning pink in strong light, K. ricinifolius. See K. septemlobus. K. africana, syn. K. pinnata (Sausage tree). K
produce small plantlets from notches K. septemlobus, syn. K. pictus, K. Evergreen, spreading, fairly bushy tree. Red-hot poker, Torch lily
along margins. Bears clusters of tubular, ricinifolius, Acanthopanax ricinifolius, H and S 25ft (8m) or more. Leaves have 615
greenish-white to purplish flowers, illus. p.74. 7–11 oblong to oval leaflets. Scented, LILIACEAE/ASPHODELACEAE
5/8in (1.5cm) long, in winter. bell-shaped, purplish-red flowers open
K. pumila. Creeping, perennial succulent. KELSEYA at night in fall–spring. Bears inedible, Genus of perennials, some of which are
H 4in (10cm), S indefinite. Has oval, cylindrical, hard-shelled, brown fruits, evergreen. Needs full sun and well-drained
powdery gray-white leaves with indented ROSACEAE 12–18in (30–45cm) long. Z10–11 H12–10. conditions, with constantly moist soil in
margins. Tubular, pink flowers, 1/2in (1cm) K. pinnata. See K. africana. summer. Propagate species by seed or
long, are produced in spring. Is suitable for Genus of one species of extremely small, division in spring, cultivars by division only
a hanging basket in a sunny position. Z11 evergreen subshrub. Is difficult to grow and KIRENGESHOMA in spring. See also feature panel p.254.
H12–1. is best in an alpine house as foliage deeply K. ‘Ada’. Semievergreen, clump-forming
K. ‘Tessa’, illus. p.487. resents both summer and winter wet. HYDRANGEACEAE perennial. H 36in (100m), S 18in (45cm).
K. tomentosa, illus. p.490. Requires full sun and moist, alkaline soil. Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal
K. tubiflora. See K. delagoensis. Propagate by soft-tip cuttings in late spring Genus of late summer- and fall-flowering leaves. In summer, upright, dark green
K. uniflora, syn. Kitchingia uniflora. or by seed in fall. Is susceptible to molds, perennials. Needs partial shade and deep, stems bear racemes of tubular, orange-
Creeping, perennial succulent. H 21/2in so remove any dead rosettes at once. moist, lime-free soil. Propagate by seed or yellow flowers, the buds rather darker in
(6cm), S indefinite. Produces rounded, mid- K. uniflora. Slow-growing, evergreen, division in fall or spring. color.
green leaves, 1/4–11/4in (0.5–3cm) long, and rosetted subshrub. H 1/2in (1cm), S to 8in K. palmata (Yellow waxbells), illus. p.251. K. ‘Alcazar’. Semievergreen, clump-
bell-shaped, yellow-flushed, reddish-purple (20cm). Forms a hard mat of closely forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in
flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, in late winter. packed, small rosettes of tiny, oval, dark KITAIBELA (45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green,
Prefers partial shade. Z11-15 H12–1. green leaves. In early spring produces basal leaves. In summer, upright, dark
K. ‘Wendy’, illus. p.485. stemless, star-shaped, occasionally pink- SYN. KITAIBELIA green stems bear racemes of reddish-
flushed, white flowers. Z5–7 H7–5. MALVACEAE orange buds opening to tubular, golden-
KALMIA yellow flowers.
KENNEDIA Genus of one species of summer-flowering K. ‘Atlanta’, illus. p.254. Evergreen,
ERICACEAE perennial. Needs full sun and fertile, upright perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft
SYN. KENNEDYA preferably dry soil. Propagate by seed in (45cm). In summer, sturdy stems bear
Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE fall or spring. dense, terminal racemes of tubular,
shrubs, grown for their clusters of K. vitifolia. Bushy, upright perennial. bright orange-yellow flowers. Has thick,
distinctive, usually cup-shaped flowers. Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, H to 5ft (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). In summer grasslike, chaneled leaves. Does well in
Needs sun or partial shade and moist, trailing and twining climbers, grown bears small clusters of open cup-shaped, a coastal area. Z6–9 H9–4.
peaty, acid soil. Propagate species by for their pealike flowers. Needs full light white or rose-pink flowers. Has palmately K. ‘Bee’s Lemon’. Upright perennial.
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed and moderately fertile, sandy soil. lobed, coarsely toothed leaves. Z6–8 H 3ft (1m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Has dense,
in fall, selected forms by softwood cuttings Water regularly when in full growth, H8–6. terminal racemes of tubular, green-tinged,
sparingly in cold weather. Requires support. citron-yellow flowers on sturdy stems in
in summer. T All parts may cause severe Thin out congested growth after flowering Kitaibelia. See Kitaibela. late summer and fall. Grasslike, deep green
or in spring. Propagate by seed in spring or Kitchingia uniflora. See Kalanchoe leaves have serrated edges. Z6–9 H9–6.
discomfort if ingested. by semiripe cuttings in summer. uniflora. K. ‘Bees’ Sunset’, illus. p.254.
K. angustifolia. f. rubra, syn. K. K. nigricans (Black coral pea). Vigorous, Kleinia articulata. See Senecio Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial.
angustifolia ‘Rubra’ (Lambkill kalmia, evergreen, woody-stemmed, twining articulatus. H 48in (120cm), S 18in (45cm). Has long,
Sheep laurel), illus. p.156. ‘Rubra’. climber. H to 6ft (2m). Leaves are divided Kleinia rowleyana. See Senecio grasslike, mid-green, basal leaves. In
See K. angustifolia f. rubra. into 3 leaflets with notched tips. Has small rowleyanus. summer, upright, purplish-green stems
K. latifolia, illus. p.136. ‘Ostbo Red’ is trusses of pealike, velvety, black-purple bear slender racemes of tubular, warm
an evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H and flowers, with yellow blazes, in spring– KNAUTIA orange-flushed, yellow flowers. Z6–9 H9–6.
S 10ft (3m). Has oval, glossy, rich green summer. Z13–15 H12–10. K. ‘Brimstone’. Semievergreen, clump-
leaves. Large, showy clusters of deep pink K. rubicunda (Dusky coral pea), illus. DIPSACACEAE/CAPROFOLIACEAE forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in
flowers open in early summer from p.462. (45cm). Has long, narrowly lance-shaped,
distinctively crimped, deep red buds. Genus of summer-flowering annuals mid-green, basal leaves. In summer,
Prefers full sun. Z5–9 H9–5. Kennedya. See Kennedia. and perennials. Needs sun and well- upright stems bear slender racemes of
Kentia fosteriana. See Howea drained soil. Requires staking. tubular, soft greenish-yellow flowers.
forsteriana. Propagate by basal cuttings in spring
or by seed in fall.

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J K. ‘C.M. Prichard’. See K. rooperi. K. ‘Star of Baden-Baden’. K. amabilis (Beautybush). Rhizomatous L
K K. caulescens, illus. p.254. Evergreen, Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 3–6in (8–16cm), S 2ft (60cm).
upright perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). perennial.H 72in (180m), S 32in (80cm). Oval, hairy leaves, to 3in (8cm) long, are LABLAB
616 Has basal tufts of narrow, blue-green Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal often marked with silver and brown above.
leaves and smooth, sturdy stems bearing leaves. In summer, upright stems bear Small, nodding, tubular, deep pink flowers, LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
terminal spikes of reddish-salmon flowers racemes of tubular, greenish-golden- with red-marked lobes, are borne in
in fall. Z6–9 H9–4. yellow flowers. summer. Is useful for a hanging basket. Genus of one species of deciduous,
K. ‘Cobra’. Semievergreen, clump- K. ‘Strawberries and Cream’. Largely Z14–15 H12–10. woody-stemmed, twining climber, grown
forming perennial. H 36in (100cm) or more, herbaceous, rather compact, clump- K. bogotensis. Erect, rhizomatous for its pealike flowers (in tropics is
S 18in (45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid- forming perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 14in perennial. H and S 18in (45cm) or more. grown for green manure and animal
green, basal leaves. In summer, upright (35cm). Has lance-shaped, mid-green, basal Oval, velvety, green leaves, to 3in (8cm) feed, and for its edible pods and seeds).
stems bear sturdy, broad, dense racemes leaves. In summer bears upright racemes long, are sometimes marked with paler Is often raised as an annual. Needs sun
of tubular, brown-tinged, orange flowers of tubular, pinkish-ivory flowers, opening green above. In summer has small, tubular and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed
that age to yellowish-white. from darker buds. flowers, red with a yellow base outside, in spring.
K. ‘Green Jade’, illus. p.254. K. ‘Tetbury Torch’. Semievergreen, red-dotted, yellow within. Z14–15 H12–10. L. purpureus, syn. Dolichos lablab,
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. clump-forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), K. digitaliflora, illus. p.469. Dolichos purpureus, illus. p.203.
H 48in (120cm), S 22in (55cm). Has long, S 18in (45cm). Bears lance-shaped, mid- K. eriantha, illus. p.470.
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In green, basal leaves. In early summer and K. warscewiczii. Erect, rhizomatous + LABURNOCYTISUS
summer, upright stems bear rather slender often in later summer produces upright perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm). Oval,
racemes of tubular, pale green flowers, racemes of tubular, orange flowers that dark green leaves have scalloped margins. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
fading to warm ivory-white. Z6–9 H9–4. fade to warm yellow. In summer and fall produces tubular, hairy,
K. linearifolia. Semievergreen, clump- K. thomsonii var. snowdenii, syn. yellow-based, scarlet flowers, with red- or Deciduous tree, grown for its flowers.
forming perennial. H 60in (1.5m), S 32in K. snowdenii, illus. p.254. Upright brown-spotted, greenish-yellow or bright Is a graft hybrid between Laburnum
(80cm). Has very long, rather lax, grasslike, perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). yellow lobes. Z14–15 H12–10. anagyroides and Chamaecytisus purpureus.
mid-green leaves. In summer, upright Has grasslike, basal leaves. In summer Requires full sun and tolerates any but
stems bear dense racemes of orange-red bears coral-pink flowers, with yellowish KOLKWITZIA waterlogged soil. Propagate by grafting
buds opening to tubular, bright yellow interiors, spaced widely along terminal on laburnum in late summer.
flowers. spikes. Z7–9 H9–7. Beautybush + L. ‘Adamii’. Deciduous, spreading tree.
K. ‘Little Maid’. Semievergreen, clump- K. ‘Timothy’. Semievergreen, clump- H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). In late spring and
forming perennial. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft forming perennial. H 36in (100cm), S 18in CAPRIFOLIACEAE early summer bears 3 types of blooms:
(30cm). Has long, grasslike, mid-green, (45cm). Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, yellow, laburnum flowers; purple, cytisus
basal leaves. In summer, upright stems basal leaves. In summer, upright, purplish- Genus of one species of deciduous shrub, flowers; and laburnum-like, yellow and
bear dainty racemes of tubular, greenish green stems bear racemes of tubular, warm grown for its abundant flowers. Prefers pinkish-purple flowers. Leaves, divided into
yellow flowers that fade to creamy-white. peachy-pink flowers. full sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Cut 3 oval leaflets, are dark green. Z6–8 H8–6.
Z6–9 H9–6. K. ‘Toffee Nosed’, illus. p.254. out old shoots after flowering. Propagate
K. ‘Maid of Orleans’. Upright perennial. Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. by softwood cuttings in summer. LABURNUM
H 4ft (1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). In summer, H 36in (100cm), S 18in (45cm). Has long, K. amabilis. Deciduous, arching shrub.
slender stems are each crowned with a lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In H and S 10ft (3m). Has peeling bark and LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
dense raceme of yellow buds that open to summer, upright stems bear racemes of oval, dark green leaves. Bell-shaped,
tubular, creamy-white flowers. Leaves are tubular, brown-orange flowers that fade yellow-throated, white or pink flowers are Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their
fresh green, basal and strap-shaped. Z6–9 to warm cream. borne in late spring and early summer. profuse, pendent flower clusters in spring
H9–6. K. uvaria (Red-hot poker). Z5–9 H9–1. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Pink Cloud’, illus. p.114. and summer. Prefers full sun and tolerates
K. northiae. Evergreen, rosette-forming ‘Nobilis’ is an upright perennial with any but waterlogged soil. Propagate
perennial. H 5ft (1.5m), S 3ft (1m) or more. erect, then spreading leaves. H 6ft (2m), Korolkowia sewerzowii. See Fritillaria species by seed in fall, hybrids by budding
Has rather lax, broadly strap-shaped, S 3ft (1m). In late summer and fall, sturdy sewerzowii.
pointed, pale green leaves. In summer stems each bear a dense, terminal raceme in summer. T All parts, including seeds,
produces dense racemes of tubular, of tubular, bright red flowers. Has strap- KUNZEA
greenish-yellow flowers. shaped, chaneled, dark green leaves. are highly toxic if ingested.
K. ‘Percy’s Pride’, illus. p.251. K. ‘Wrexham Buttercup’, illus. p.254. MYRTACEAE L. alpinum, illus. p.89.
K. ‘Prince Igor’, illus. p.254. Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. L. anagyroides syn. L. vulgare (Common
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. H 48in (120cm), S 22in (55cm). Has long, Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, laburnum). Deciduous, spreading tree.
H 6ft (2m) or more, S 3ft (1m). Has long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In grown for their flowers and overall H and S 22ft (7m). Gray-green leaves are
lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In summer, upright stems bear broad racemes appearance. Prefers full light and sandy, divided into 3 oval leaflets. Short, pendent,
summer, upright stems bear racemes of of tubular, bright yellow flowers, opening well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water dense clusters of large, pealike, yellow
tubular, yellow-tinged, reddish-orange from greenish buds. Z6–9 H9–6. container specimens moderately when in flowers are borne in late spring and early
flowers. Z6–9 H9–4. full growth, less at other times. Propagate summer. Z6–8 H8–5.
K. rooperi, syn. K. ‘C. M. Prichard’, illus. Kochia. See Bassia. by semiripe cuttings in late summer or by L. vulgare. See L. anagyroides.
p.254. Robust, evergreen perennial. H 4ft seed in spring. L. x watereri ‘Vossii’, illus. p.84.
(1.2m), S 2ft (60cm). Has arching, linear, KOELREUTERIA K. baxteri. Evergreen, rounded, wiry-
dark green leaves. From early to late fall stemmed shrub. H and S to 6ft (2m). Has LACHENALIA
produces racemes of tubular, orange-red SAPINDACEAE narrow, cylindrical, pointed leaves and, in
flowers, becoming orange-yellow. Z6–9 early summer, deep red flowers, each with Cape cowslip
H9–4. Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering a brush of stamens, in spikes 2in (5cm)
K. ‘Royal Standard’, illus. p.254. trees, grown for their foliage, flowers and long. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
Semievergreen, clump-forming perennial. fruits. Requires full sun, doing best in hot
H 36in (100cm) or more, S 22in (55cm). Bears summers, and fertile, well-drained soil. Genus of winter- and spring-flowering
long, lance-shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. Propagate by seed in fall or by root cuttings bulbs, grown for their tubular or bell-
In summer, upright stems bear 2-toned in late winter. shaped flowers; some also have attractively
racemes of bright red buds opening to K. paniculata, illus. p.89. mottled leaves. Is useful as pot plants and
tubular, yellow flowers. Z6–9 H9–6. in open borders. Requires sun and light,
K. ‘Samuel’s Sensation’. Semievergreen, KOHLERIA well-drained soil. Plant in early fall; dry
clump-forming perennial. H 66in (165cm) off in summer when foliage has died down.
or more, S 32in (80cm). Bears long, lance- GESNERIACEAE Propagate in fall by seed or freely produced
shaped, mid-green, basal leaves. In offsets.
summer, upright stems bear racemes Genus of erect perennials with scaly L. aloides, syn. L. tricolor, L. ‘Tricolor’.
of tubular, pinkish-red flowers aging rhizomes, grown for their showy, tubular Winter- and spring-flowering bulb.
to orange-yellow. Z6–9 H9–6. flowers borne mainly in summer. Needs H 6–10in (15–25cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has
K. snowdenii. See K. thomsonii var. full sun or partial shade and moist but well- 2 strap-shaped, semierect, purple-spotted,
snowdenii. drained soil. Water sparingly in winter; green, basal leaves. Produces spike of
overwatering will cause rhizomes to rot. 10–20 pendent flowers, 11/4in (3cm) long,
Propagate in spring by division of rhizomes with yellow tube shading to red at apex
or by seed if available. and with flared, green tips. Z11 H12–10.
‘Nelsonii’, syn. L. ‘Nelsonii’, illus. p.429.

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var. quadricolor, illus. p.429. LAGERSTROEMIA groundcover. Prefers full or partial shade prune young plants to promote a bushy
L. angustifolia. See L. contaminata. and moist but well-drained soil. Resents habit and more flowering stems. Propagate
L. contaminata, syn. L. angustifolia. LYTHRACEAE excessive winter wet. Propagate by stem- by seed in spring or by semiripe cuttings in
Winter- and spring-flowering bulb. tip cuttings of non-flowering shoots in mid- summer. Red spider mite and whitefly may
H to 8in (20cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has Genus of deciduous or evergreen, summer- summer or by division in fall or early
narrowly strap-shaped, semierect leaves flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their spring. be troublesome. T All parts may cause
in basal cluster. Bears spike of bell- flowers. Prefers full light and fertile, well- L. galeobdolon subsp. montanum
shaped, white flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) long, drained soil. Water container specimens ‘Florentinum’, syn. L. galeobdolon severe discomfort if ingested, and contact
suffused and tipped with red and green. freely when in full growth, less at other ‘Variegatum’. Semievergreen, carpeting with foliage may irritate skin.
Z11 H12–10. times. To maintain as shrubs, cut back hard perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S indefinite. L. camara. Evergreen, rounded to
L. glaucina. See L. orchioides var. the previous season’s stems each spring. Oval, mid-green leaves are marked with spreading shrub. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m).
glaucina. Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe silver. Has racemes of tubular, 2-lipped, Bears oval, finely wrinkled, deep green
L. mutabilis. Winter- and spring- cuttings in summer. lemon-yellow flowers in summer. Z4–8 leaves. From spring to fall, tiny, tubular,
flowering bulb. H to 12in (30cm), S 2–3in L. indica (Crape myrtle). Deciduous, H8–1. ‘Variegatum’. See L. galeobdolon 5-lobed flowers, in dense, domed heads,
(5–8cm). Has 2 strap-shaped, semierect, rounded tree or large shrub. H and subsp. montanum ‘Florentinum’. open yellow, then turn red. Many color
basal leaves. Stem bears loose spike of up S 25ft (8m). Has trusses of flowers with L. maculatum (Spotted deadnettle). forms have been selected. Z11 H12–1.
to 25 tubular flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, that strongly waved, pink, white or purple Semievergreen, mat-forming perennial. Lucky Series LUCKY HONEY BLUSH
are purple or lilac in bud and open to petals in summer and early fall. Z7–9 H 6in (15cm), S 36in (90cm). Has mauve- (‘Baluclush’), illus. p.301.
reddish-brown-tipped petals with green H9–7. ‘Seminale’, illus. p.86. tinged, often pink-flushed, mid-green L. delicatissima. See L. montevidensis.
tube base. L. speciosa (Giant crape myrtle, Pride of leaves with central, silvery stripes. Clusters L. montevidensis, syn. L. delicatissima,
L. ‘Nelsonii’. See L. aloides ‘Nelsonii’. India). Deciduous, rounded tree. H 50–70ft of hooded, mauve-pink flowers are borne L. sellowiana (Weeping lantana) illus. p.310.
L. orchioides. Winter- and spring- (15–20m), S 30–50ft (10–15m). Has narrowly in mid-spring. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Album’, illus. L. sellowiana. See L. montevidensis.
flowering bulb. H 6–12in (15–30cm), S 2–3in oval, mid- to deep green leaves, 3–7in p.255. ‘Aureum’, syn. L. maculatum L. ‘Spreading Sunset’, illus. p.325.
(5–8cm). Has 2 strap-shaped, semierect, (8–18cm) long. Produces panicles of funnel- ‘Gold Leaf’, H 8in (20cm), S 24in (60cm),
green, basal leaves, sometimes spotted shaped, rose-pink to rose-purple flowers in produces oval, yellow leaves with paler LAPAGERIA L
blackish- or purple-brown. Stem produces summer–fall, often when leafless. Z9–10 white centers. Whorls of hooded, pink
a dense spike of fragrant, semierect, H10–9. flowers are borne on short stems in PHILESIACEAE/LILIACEAE
tubular, white flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, summer. ‘Beacon Silver’ bears mauve-
blue-tinged and tipped with green. Z11–14 LAGUNARIA tinged, silver leaves, sometimes with Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
H12–6. var. glaucina, syn. L. glaucina has narrow, green margins, and clear pale pink stemmed, twining climber, grown for its
leaves usually spotted purple and whitish- Norfolk Island hibiscus flowers. ‘Gold Leaf’. See L. maculatum large, waxy blooms. Requires partial shade
blue or pale lilac flowers. ‘Aureum’. ‘White Nancy’, illus. p.254. and rich, well-drained soil. Water
L. rubida. Winter-flowering bulb. H to MALVACEAE L. orvala, illus. p.260. moderately when in full growth, scarcely at
10in (25cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears 2 strap- all at other times. Provide support. Thin out
shaped, semierect, purple-spotted, green, Genus of one species of evergreen tree, LAMPRANTHUS congested growth in spring. Propagate in
basal leaves and a loose spike of pendent, grown for its flowers in summer–fall and its spring by seed, soaked for 2 days before
tubular, red flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, overall appearance. Prefers full light and AIZOACEAE sowing, or in spring or fall by layering.
shading to yellow at tips. fertile, well-drained soil. Water container L. rosea (Chilean bellflower), illus. p.202.
L. tricolor. See L. aloides. plants freely when in full summer growth, Genus of creeping, bushy, perennial var. albiflora is an evergreen, woody-
moderately at other times. Pruning is succulents and subshrubs, grown for their stemmed, twining climber. H to 15ft (5m).
Lactuca alpina. See Cicerbita alpina. tolerated, if required. Propagate by seed in daisylike flowers. Becomes woody after Has oblong to oval, leathery, dark green
Lactuca bourgaei. See Cicerbita spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. several years, when is best replenished. Is leaves. From summer to late fall bears
bourgaei. Under cover, red spider mite may be good for summer bedding, particularly in pendent, fleshy, narrowly bell-shaped,
arid conditions. Leaves redden in strong white flowers. Z10–11 H12–10.
LAELIA troublesome. T Contact with the seeds sun. Requires full sun and very well-
drained soil. Propagate by seed or stem Lapeirousia cruenta. See Anomatheca
ORCHIDACEAE may irritate skin. cuttings in spring or fall. laxa.
L. patersonii (Cow itch tree, Queensland L. aurantiacus, syn. L. glaucoides, illus. Lapeirousia laxa. See Anomatheca laxa.
See also ORCHIDS. pyramidal tree). Fast-growing, evergreen, p.496.
L. anceps, illus. p.466. Evergreen, upright tree, pyramidal when young. L. deltoides. See Oscularia deltoides. LARDIZABALA
epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 30–46ft (10–14m), S 15–22ft (5–7m). Oval, L. glaucoides. See L. aurantiacus.
H 10in (25cm). Lilac-pink flowers, 21/2in rough-textured leaves are matt-green L. haworthii. Erect to creeping, perennial LARDIZABALACEAE
(6cm) wide, each with a deep mauve lip, above, whitish-green beneath. Bears succulent. H 20in (50cm), S indefinite. Has
are borne in tall spikes in fall. Has oval, hibiscus-like, rose-pink flowers, 2in (5cm) cylindrical, blue-gray leaves, 2in (5cm) Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed,
rigid leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Needs wide, in summer. Z12–15 H12–10. long. In spring bears masses of daisylike, twining climbers, grown for their foliage.
partial shade in summer. H11–6. cerise flowers, 3in (7cm) across, that only Male and female flowers are produced
L. cinnabarina. See Cattleya cinnabarina. LAGURUS open in sun. Z12–15 H12–10. on the same plant in late fall to winter. Is
L. roseus, syn. Mesembryanthemum useful for growing on trellises or pergolas.
x Laeliocattleya Rojo gx ‘Mont Hare’s tail multiradiatum. Creeping, perennial Needs sun or partial shade and well-
Millais’. See x Cattlianthe Rojo gx ‘Mont succulent. H 6in (15cm), S indefinite. drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring
Millais’. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Produces solid, 3-angled, mid- to glaucous or by stem cuttings in late summer or fall.
green leaves, 2in (5cm) long. Daisylike, L. biternata. See L. funaria.
LAGAROSIPHON See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES dark rose-red flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, L. funaria, syn. L. biternata. Evergreen,
and SEDGES. open only in sun from spring to fall. woody-stemmed, twining climber. H 10–12ft
Curly water thyme L. ovatus (Hare’s-tail grass), illus. p.284. Z12–15 H12–10. (3–4m). Rounded leaves have broadly oval,
L. spectabilis, illus. p.484. leathery, dark green leaflets. In winter
HYDROCHARITACEAE LAMARCKIA produces brown flowers with tiny, whitish
Lamprocapnos spectabilis. See petals, the males in drooping spikes, the
Genus of semievergreen, perennial, GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Dicentra spectabilis. females solitary. In winter–spring bears
spreading, submerged water plants, grown Lamprocapnos spectabilis f. alba. See many-seeded, berry-like, purple fruits,
for their foliage. Oxygenates water. Needs See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES Dicentra spectabilis f. alba. 2–3in (5–8cm) long.
full sun. Thin regularly to keep under and SEDGES.
control. Propagate by stem cuttings in L. aurea (Golden top, Toothbrush grass). LANTANA LARIX 617
spring or summer. Tuft-forming, annual grass. H and S 8in
L. major, syn. Elodea crispa. (20cm). Wiry stems bear scattered, pale Shrub verbena Larch
Semievergreen, perennial, spreading, green leaves and, in summer, erect, dense,
submerged water plant. S indefinite. Forms one-sided, golden panicles. Needs sun. VERBENACEAE PINACEAE
dense, underwater swards of foliage. H7–1.
Ascending stems are covered in narrow, Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs, See also CONIFERS.
reflexed, dark green leaves. Bears LAMIUM grown for their flowers. Needs full light L. decidua (European larch), syn.
insignificant flowers in summer. Z8–11 and fertile, well-drained soil. Water L. europaea, illus. p.97.
H12–6. Deadnettle container specimens freely when in full L. europaea. See L. decidua.
growth, moderately at other times. Tip- L. kaempferi (Japanese larch), syn.
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE L. leptolepis. Fast-growing, deciduous,
columnar conifer with a conical tip.
Genus of spring- or summer-flowering H 80–100ft (25–30m), S 15–25ft (5–8m).
perennials, most of which are
semievergreen, including a number of
weeds; some species make useful

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Shoots are purplish-red and leaves are tendril. In summer and early fall bears of pale mauve-pink flowers with bluish Evergreen, clump-forming shrub. H and
needlelike, flattened, grayish-green or racemes of 4–10 rose-pink flowers, marked stripes down center of each corolla lobe. S 20–32in (50–80cm). Ascending branches
bluish. Small cones have reflexed scales. with green and purple. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Lodden Blue’ (illus. p.158), H 16in (40cm), bear linear, aromatic, gray-green leaves
Z5–7 H7–4. L. vernus, syn. Orobus vernus (Spring bears lilac-blue flowers. ‘Lodden Pink’, covered with greenish-gray hairs. In spring
L. leptolepis. See L. kaempferi. vetchling), illus. p.260. ‘Alboroseus’ is a H to 30in (75cm), has pale pink flowers. and summer, compact, deep purple flower
clump-forming perennial. H and S 12in ‘Miss Katherine’ (illus. p.158) bears deep spikes, with dark purple apical terminal
LATHRAEA (30cm). In spring, slender stems each bear pink flowers. ‘Munstead’, H and S 24in bracts, are borne on stalks 12in (30cm)
3–5 white-and-deep-pink flowers. Has (60cm), has gray-green leaves and blue long. subsp. pedunculata ‘James
SCROPHULARIACEAE fernlike, much-divided, soft leaves. flowers from mid- to late summer. Z5–8 Compton’ (illus. p.158), H 28in (70cm),
H8–3. ‘Nana Alba’, H to 12in (30cm), S 20in (50cm), has purple-margined, green
Genus of spreading perennials that grow LAURELIA produces white flowers. ‘Old English stalks, to 8in (20cm) long, bearing dark
as parasites on the roots of trees, in the Lavender’, H to 20in (50cm), has purple purple flower spikes with dark purplish-
case of L. clandestina on willow or poplar. MONIMIACEAE/ATHEROSPERMATACEAE flowers borne on long, erect stems. mauve, apical bracts. Flowers from mid-
True leaves are not produced. Needs partial ‘Wendy Carlile’ (illus. p.158), H 12in spring to summer if regularly deadheaded.
shade cast by host tree and prefers moist Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, (30cm), is similar to L.a. ‘Nana Alba’, but L. ‘Regal Splendour’, illus. p.158.
conditions. Roots resent being disturbed. grown for their aromatic foliage. Requires has a more erect, uniform habit. Evergreen, erect shrub. H 28in (70cm),
Propagate by seed when fresh, in late sun or partial shade amd tolerates any L. x chaytoriae ‘Richard Gray’ S 20in (50cm). Has linear, aromatic, bright
summer. but very dry soil. Propagate by semiripe Evergreen, bushy, compact shrub. H and green leaves. Dark violet-blue flower
L. clandestina (Toothwort), illus. p.260. cuttings in summer. S 20in (50cm). Has linear, aromatic, silvery- spikes, with dark purple, apical terminal
L. sempervirens, syn. L. serrata. gray leaves. Cylindrical spikes of deep bracts, are produced on stems to 5in (12cm)
L LATHYRUS Evergreen, broadly conical tree or shrub. purple flowers are borne in summer. long. Flowers from mid-spring to summer
H and S to 50ft (15m). Oval, leathery leaves ‘Sawyers’ (illus. p.158), H 24in (60cm), has if regularly deadheaded.
618 LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE are glossy, dark green and very aromatic. large, more pointed, deep purple flower L. stoechas (French lavender), illus. p.157.
In summer bears small, inconspicuous spikes. Evergreen, spreading shrub. H and S 8–28in
Genus of annuals and perennials, many flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. L. dentata (Fringed lavender). Evergreen, (20–70cm). Has linear, gray-green leaves,
of them tendril climbers, grown for their L. serrata. See L. sempervirens. bushy shrub. H and S 3ft (1m). Aromatic with soft, white hairs. From mid-spring to
racemes of flowers. Flowers are followed leaves are fernlike, toothed and gray-green. fall (if regularly deadheaded) produces
by long, thin seed pods. Needs full light LAURUS Dense spikes of small, slightly fragrant, fragrant, dark violet-purple flower spikes,
and rich, fertile, well-drained soil. Provide tubular, lavender-blue flowers and purple with purplish-violet apical terminal bracts,
support and remove dead flowers LAURACEAE bracts are borne from mid- to late summer. on stalks to 1¼in (3cm) long. f. rosea
regularly. Cut down perennials in late fall. Z5–9 H9–4. produces pink to rose-red flowers and
Propagate annuals by seed (soaked before Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their L. ‘Fathead’, illus. p.158. Evergreen, reddish-purple bracts. f. rosea ‘Kew Red’
sowing) in early spring or early fall, foliage. Needs a sheltered position in sun robust, rounded, bushy shrub. H 20in (illus. p.158), H and S 18in (45cm), is a
perennials by seed in fall or by division or partial shade and fertile, well-drained (50cm), S 24in (60cm). Has linear, aromatic, compact, upright cultivar with mid- to gray-
in spring. Botrytis and mildew may cause soil. In tubs may be grown well as mid- to dark green leaves and dark violet green leaves and pale green, purple-flushed
standards, which should be trimmed flower spikes, with large, petal-like, stalks, 11/4–2in (3–5cm) long, bearing
problems. T Seeds may cause mild during summer. Propagate by semiripe reddish-purple, terminal bracts, borne rounded, cerise-crimson flower spikes with
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. on dark green stalks to 5in (12cm) long. soft pink bracts. subsp. stoechas f.
stomach upset if ingested. L. nobilis (Bay laurel, Sweet bay), illus. p.80. Flowers from late spring through summer leucantha has white flowers. subsp.
L. grandiflorus (Everlasting pea). if deadheaded regularly. stoechas f. leucantha ‘Snowman’ (illus.
Herbaceous, tendril climber. H to 5ft (1.5m). LAVANDULA L. ‘Grappenhall’. See L. x intermedia p.158), H and S 20in (50cm), is a compact
Has unwinged stems, and neat racemes of ‘Pale Pretender’. shrub with numerous short, dense spikes of
pink-purple and red flowers in summer. Lavender L. ‘Helmsdale’, illus. p.158. Evergreen, small, white flowers, topped by white bracts,
Z6–9 H9–5. robust, rounded shrub. H 28in (70cm), in summer. Leaves are strongly aromatic.
L. latifolius (Everlasting pea, Perennial LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE S 43in (110cm). Has linear, aromatic, mid- L. ‘Willow Vale’, illus. p.158. Evergreen,
pea), illus. p.201. to dark leaves. Bright green stalks, to 5in compact shrub. H and S 20–28in (50–70cm).
L. magellanicus. See L. nervosus. Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- (12cm) long, bear dark violet flower spikes Has linear, aromatic, gray-green leaves and
L. nervosus, syn. L. magellanicus (Blue flowering shrubs, with entire or divided, with reddish-purple bracts. Flowers from bears long spikes of purple flowers, with
pea). Herbaceous, tendril climber. H to 15ft often gray-green leaves, grown for their mid-spring through summer if deadheaded wavy or crinkly flower bracts, in summer.
(5m). Gray-green leaves each have a pair of aromatic foliage and flowers. Makes an regularly.
leaflets, a 3-branched tendril and large effective, low hedge. Needs full sun and L. ‘Hidcote’. See L. angustifolia ‘Hidcote’. LAVATERA
stipules. Fragrant, purplish-blue flowers fertile, well-drained soil. Trim hedges L. x intermedia (L. angustifolia x L. latifolia;
are borne in long-stalked racemes in lightly in spring to maintain a compact Lavandin). Evergreen, spreading shrub. Mallow
summer. Z3–10 H10–1. habit. New growth is rarely produced from H 32–56in (80–140cm), S 28–36in (70–90cm).
L. odoratus (Sweet pea). Moderately fast- old wood. Propagate by semiripe cuttings Has narrowly elliptic to obovate, very MALVACEAE
growing, annual, tendril climber. H to 10ft in summer. See also feature panel p.158. aromatic, silver- to greenish-gray leaves,
(3m). Has oval, mid-green leaves with L. angustifolia (English lavender). covered in fine, silvery-gray hairs. From Genus of mainly summer-flowering
tendrils. Scented flowers are produced in Evergreen, bushy shrub. H 16–32in mid-summer to early fall, long, sometimes annuals, biennials, perennials and
shades of pink, blue, purple or white, from (40–80cm), S 16–24in (40–60cm). Has linear branched, stalks, 8–28in (20–70cm) long, semievergreen subshrubs and shrubs.
summer to early fall. Dwarf, non-climbing to narrowly ovate, aromatic, gray-felted bear spikes of fragrant, tubular, violet-blue Needs sun and well-drained soil. Propagate
cultivars are available. Z9–10 H8–1. ‘Barry leaves. In mid-summer produces small, to white flowers, with green to dark violet perennials, subshrubs and shrubs by
Dare’, illus. p.202. ‘Bijou’, H and S 18in fragrant, compact, violet-blue, sometimes calyces. Is the main source of commercial softwood cuttings in early spring or
(45cm), has large flowers in shades of pink, pink or white flower spikes, on stalks lavender, lavandine. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Alba’ summer, annuals and biennials by seed
red or blue. ‘Charles Unwin’, illus. p.201. 4–12in (10–30cm) long. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Batlad’ (illus. p.158) is a vigorous, erect shrub with in spring or early fall.
Cupid Series ‘Cupid Pink’, illus. p.301. see L.a. LITTLE LADY. ‘Clarmo’ see L.a. LITTLE white flowers, occasionally tinted pale L. assurgentiflora, illus. p.133.
‘Jayne Amanda’ bears racemes of usually LOTTIE. ‘Hidcote’, syn. L. ‘Hidcote’ (illus. purple. ‘Grappenhall’. See L. x intermedia L. cachemiriana, syn. L. cachemirica.
4, rarely 5, rose-pink flowers, and may be p.158), H 24in (60cm), S 30in (75cm), has ‘Pale Pretender’.‘Hidcote Giant’, H to 4ft Semievergreen, woody-based perennial
grown as a cordon or bush. ‘Knee Hi’, dense spikes of deep purple flowers from (1.2m), has dense spikes of deep lavender- or subshrub. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m), S 3ft (1m).
H and S 3ft (90cm), has large flowers in mid- to late summer and silvery-gray blue flowers. ‘Pale Pretender’, syn. L. Wiry stems bear panicles of trumpet-
shades of pink, red, blue or white. ‘Lady leaves. ‘Imperial Gem’ (illus. p.158), ‘Grappenhall’, L. x intermedia ‘Grappenhall’, shaped, silky, clear pink flowers in summer
Diana’, illus. p.201. ‘Mrs. Bernard H and S 2ft (60cm). has narrowly oblong, H to 4ft (1.2m), S 5ft (1.5m), produces blue- and ivy-shaped, downy, mid-green leaves.
Jones’, illus. p.201. silvery-gray leaves and produces dense purple flowers. Z4–9 H9–1.
L. rotundifolius (Persian everlasting pea). spikes of tiny, deep purple flowers from L. lanata, illus. p.158. Evergreen, bushy L. cachemirica. See L. cachemiriana.
Herbaceous, tendril climber with winged mid- to late summer. LITTLE LADY shrub. H and S 20in (50cm). Young shoots L. x clementii. ‘Barnsley’ Vigorous,
stems. H to 3ft (1m). Leaves each have (‘Batlad’), illus. p.158, H 26in (65cm), and linear leaves are covered with whitish semievergreen subshrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
narrow stipules, a pair of leaflets and a S 32in (80cm), has a compact, erect habit, “wool.” Produces strongly fragrant, Mid-green, palmate leaves have 3–5 lobes.
3-branched tendril. Has small racemes gray- to sage-green leaves and bears tubular, bright violet flowers on erect Throughout summer bears profuse clusters
of 3–8 pink to purplish flowers in summer. abundant spikes of white-centered, dark spikes in summer. Z8–9 H8–1. of open funnel-shaped, red-eyed, white
Z5–10 H10–1. violet flowers from summer to early fall. L. pedunculata subsp. pedunculata. flowers, aging to soft pink, with deeply
L. sylvestris (Perennial pea). Herbaceous, LITTLE LOTTIE (‘Clarmo’), illus. p.158, notched petals. Z6–9 H9–5. ‘Rosea’, syn.
tendril climber with winged stems. H to 6ft H 16in (40cm), S 26in (65cm), is a neat, L. olbia ‘Rosea’, illus. p.136.
(2m). Leaves each have narrow stipules, a domed shrub, spreading with age, with
pair of leaflets and a terminal, branched bright gray-green leaves and dense spikes

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L. olbia ‘Rosea’. See L. x clementii Lemboglossum bictoniense. See LEPTINELLA LEUCANTHEMELLA
‘Rosea’. Rhynchostele bictoniensis.
L. trimestris ‘Mont Blanc’, illus. p.299. Lemboglossum cervantesii. See COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
‘Silver Cup’, illus. p.305. Rhynchostele cervantesii.
Lemboglossum cordatum. See Genus of annuals and creeping perennials Genus of hairy perennials, grown for their
LAYIA Rhynchostele cordatum. that are effective as low groundcover. daisylike flower heads in fall. Needs full sun
Lemboglossum rossii. See Rhynchostele Needs full sun and moderately fertile, or partial shade and reliably moist soil.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE rossii. sharply drained soil. Propagate by seed Propagate by division or basal cuttings in
Lembotropis nigricans. See Cytisus as soon as ripe or by division in spring. spring.
Genus of annuals, useful for hot, dry places. nigricans. L. atrata, syn. Cotula atrata. Evergreen, L. serotina, syn. Chrysanthemum
Needs sun and very well-drained soil. mat-forming perennial. H 1in (2.5cm), S to serotinum, Chrysanthemum ulignosum,
Propagate by seed in spring or early fall. LEONOTIS 10in (25cm). Has small, finely cut, grayish- illus. p.220.
L. elegans. See L. platyglossa. green leaves and blackish-red flower heads
L. platyglossa, syn. L. elegans (Tidy tips). LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE in late spring and early summer. Is not easy LEUCANTHEMOPSIS
Fast-growing, upright, bushy annual. to grow successfully. Z8–9 H9–8. subsp.
H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance- Genus of annuals, evergreen and luteola, illus. p.349. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
shaped, grayish-green leaves. Daisylike semievergreen perennials, subshrubs and
flower heads, 2in (5cm) wide, with white- shrubs, grown for their flowers and overall LEPTOSPERMUM Genus of dwarf, tufted, clump- or mat-
tipped, yellow ray petals and yellow appearance. Needs full sun and rich, well- forming perennials, grown for their
centers, are produced from early summer drained soil. Water container specimens Tea tree solitary, daisylike flower heads in summer.
to early fall. Is suitable for cut flowers. freely when in full growth, much less at Needs full sun and sharply drained soil.
H12–6. other times of year. Cut back perennials, MYRTACEAE Propagate by seed as soon as ripe or by
subshrubs and shrubs to within 6in (15cm) division or basal cuttings in spring.
Lechenaultia. See Leschenaultia. of the ground in early spring. Propagate by Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, L. alpina, syn. Chrysanthemum alpinum
seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings in grown for their foliage and small, often (Alpine chrysanthemum). Tuft-forming,
LEDEBOURIA early summer. profuse flowers. Grows well in coastal short-lived perennial. H 4in (10cm), S 8in
L. leonurus (Lion’s ear), illus. p.141. areas if not too exposed. Needs full sun (20cm). Small tufts of deeply cut leaves are
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate produced from short, rhizomatous stems.
LEONTOPODIUM by semiripe cuttings in summer. Has large, white flower heads, with yellow
Genus of bulbs, some of which are L. flavescens. See L. polygalifolium. centers, in summer. Is good for a rock or
evergreen, with ornamental, narrowly Edelweiss L. humifusum. See L. rupestre. scree garden, or an alpine planter. Z6–9
lance-shaped leaves. Produces very small L. polygalifolium, syn. L. flavescens, illus. H9–6.
flowers with reflexed tips. Makes good COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE p.131.
pot plants in cool greenhouses. Needs full L. rupestre, syn. L. humifusum, illus. LEUCANTHEMUM L
light, to allow leaf marks to develop well, Genus of short-lived, spring-flowering, p.151.
and loose, open soil. Propagate by offsets woolly perennials, grown for their L. scoparium (Manuka, New Zealand tea- COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
in spring. distinctive flower heads. Is suitable for rock tree). var. incanum ‘Keatleyi’ is an
L. cooperi, syn. Scilla adlamii, Scilla gardens, containers and alpine troughs. evergreen, rounded shrub. H and S 10ft Genus of annuals and perennials, grown for
cooperi. Summer-flowering bulb. H 2–4in Requires sun, gritty, well-drained soil and (3m). Narrowly lance-shaped, aromatic, their flowers. Cultivars of L. x superbum are
(5–10cm), S 1–2in (2.5–5cm). Semierect, a deep collar of grit to improve surface gray-green leaves set off a profusion of valued for their profusion of large, daisylike
green, basal leaves, with brownish-purple drainage. Shelter from prevailing, rain- large, star-shaped, pale pink flowers in late summer flowers. Some species are suitable
stripes, die away in winter. Stem bears bearing winds, because crowns are spring–summer. ‘Nicholsii’ produces for rock gardens. Needs full sun and well-
short spike of small, bell-shaped, greenish- extremely intolerant of winter wet and may bronze-purple leaves and smaller, crimson drained soil. Taller cultivars require staking.
purple flowers. Z9–10 H10–9. rot off. Propagate by division in spring or flowers. Z12–15 H12–10. ‘Red Damask’, Propagate species by seed in spring or fall
L. socialis, syn. Scilla socialis, Scilla by seed when fresh. Many seeds are not illus. p.123. ‘Snow White’ (New Zealand or by division in early spring or late
violacea, illus. p.421. viable. tea-tree), illus. p.130. summer, cultivars by division only.
L. alpinum (Edelweiss), illus. p.332. L. x superbum, syn. Chrysanthemum
LEDUM L. stracheyi. Mound-forming, spreading, LESCHENAULTIA maximum, C. x superbum (Shasta daisy).
woolly perennial. H and S 4in (10cm). Star- Robust perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 2ft (60cm).
ERICACEAE shaped, glistening, white flower heads are SYN. LECHENAULTIA Lift, divide and replant plants every 2 years
produced among thick, oval, silver leaves GOODENIACEAE to maintain vigor. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Aglaia’,
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for in spring. Makes a good alpine house plant. illus. p.230. ‘Elizabeth’ has large, solitary,
their aromatic foliage and small, white Z5–7 H7–5. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for daisylike, pure white flower heads borne in
flowers. Needs full or partial shade and their flowers. Needs full light and peaty, summer. ‘Esther Read’, illus. p.263.
moist, peaty, acid soil. Benefits from dead- Leopoldia comosa. See Muscari well-drained soil with few phosphates ‘Sonnenschein’, illus. p.231. ‘Wirral
heading. Propagate by semiripe cuttings comosum. and nitrates. Water container plants Pride’, illus. p.246. ‘Wirral Supreme’ is
in summer or by seed in fall. moderately during growing season, double with short, central florets. Z5–8
L. groenlandicum (Labrador tea), illus. LEPISMIUM sparingly at other times. Shorten over-long H8–1.
p.145. stems after flowering. Propagate by seed in
CACTACEAE spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. LEUCHTENBERGIA
LEIOPHYLLUM Most species are not easy to grow under
Genus of epiphytic and lithophytic glass; good ventilation is essential. CACTACEAE
ERICACEAE (growing on rocks) perennial cacti often L. floribunda. Evergreen, domed, wiry-
pendulous in habit, grown for their stemmed shrub. H and S 12–24in (30–60cm). Genus of one species of perennial cactus.
Genus of one species of evergreen shrub cylindrical, ribbed, angled or flat, usually Has narrow, cylindrical, pointed leaves Looks like Agave in foliage, but its flowers,
with an extensive, spreading root system. segmented stems. Small, funnel- to and, in spring-summer, short, tubular, seed pods and seeds are similar to
Prefers partial shade and well-drained, disc-shaped flowers are followed by pale blue flowers, with 5 angular petals, Ferocactus. Tubercles eventually form on
peaty, acid soil. Top-dress regularly with spherical, often purple or red berries. in terminal clusters. Z12–15 H12–10. short, rough, woody stems. Needs full sun
peaty soil. Propagate by seed in spring Needs partial shade and rich, well- and very well-drained soil. Keep completely
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. drained soil. Prefers 80% relative LEUCADENDRON dry in winter; water sparingly from spring
L. buxifolium (Sand myrtle). Evergreen, humidity—higher than for most cacti. to fall. Propagate by seed in spring
dome-shaped shrub. H 10in (25cm), S 18in Give only occasional, very light watering PROTEACEAE or summer.
(45cm). Stems are covered with tiny, oval, in winter. Propagate by seed or stem L. principis, illus. p.490.
leathery, dark green leaves. In late spring, cuttings in spring or summer. Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
terminal clusters of deep pink buds develop L. warmingianum, syn. Rhipsalis grown for their flower heads from fall to LEUCOCORYNE 619
into small, star-shaped, white flowers, with warmingiana. Erect, then pendent, spring and for their foliage. Needs full light
prominent stamens. Z6–8 H8–6. perennial cactus. H 3ft (1m), S 20in (50cm). and sharply drained soil, mainly of sand LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE
Has slender, notched, cylindrical, green and peat, ideally with very little nitrogen
Lemairocereus euphorbioides. branches, sometimes tinged red or brown, and phosphates. Water container Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, grown for
See Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides. with 2–4 angles, and green-white flowers in specimens moderately while in growth, their loose heads of flattish flowers. Needs
Lemairocereus marginatus. See winter–spring, followed by violet berries. sparingly at other times. Propagate by seed sun and well-drained soil. Plant in fall, water
Pachycereus marginatus. Z13–15 H12–10. in spring. well during their growing season and keep
Lemairocereus thurberi. See L. argenteum, illus. p.451. almost dry when dormant in summer.
Stenocereus thurberi. Propagate by seed or offsets in fall.

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L. ixioides (Glory of the sun). Spring- nitrates. Water container specimens In summer, large, almost stemless, cup- Libocedrus chilensis. See
flowering bulb. H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 3–4in moderately when in growth, sparingly at shaped, white flowers are borne above Austrocedrus chilensis.
(8–10cm). Has long, narrow, semierect, basal other times. Propagate by seed in spring. Is small clusters of strap-shaped, dark green Libocedrus decurrens. See Calocedrus
leaves that are withered by flowering time. not easy to cultivate long term under glass; leaves. Z3–4 H4–1. decurrens.
Wiry, slender flower stem has a loose head good ventilation is essential. L. rediviva, [pink form] illus. p.365; [white Libonia floribunda. See Justicia rizzinii.
of up to 10 lilac-blue flowers. Z12–14 H8–1. L. cordifolium, syn. L. nutans. Evergreen, form] illus. p.360.
rounded to spreading, well-branched shrub. L. tweedyi, syn. Lewisiopsis tweedi, LIGULARIA
LEUCOGENES H and S 4ft (1.2m). Elongated, heart-shaped, Cistanthe tweedyi, illus. p.351.
blue-gray leaves each have a 3-toothed tip. COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
New Zealand edelweiss In summer, very slender, tubular, brick-red Lewisiopsis tweedi. See Lewisia
to orange flowers, each with a long style, tweedyi. Genus of perennials, grown for their
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE are borne in tight heads that resemble single foliage and large, daisylike flower heads.
blooms. Z12–15 H12–10. LEYCESTERIA Needs sun or partial shade and moist but
Genus of evergreen, woody-based L. nutans. See L. cordifolium. well-drained soil. Propagate by division
perennials, grown mainly for their foliage. Is L. reflexum, illus. p.456. CAPRIFOLIACEAE in spring or by seed in fall or spring. Is
excellent for alpine houses in areas where prone to damage by slugs and snails.
summers are cool. Needs sun and gritty, LEUCOTHÖE Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for L. ‘Britt Marie Crawford’, illus. p.445.
well-drained, peaty soil. Resents winter wet their showy flower clusters. Needs full sun L. clivorum ‘Desdemona’. See L. dentata
and may be difficult to grow. Propagate by ERICACEAE and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by ‘Desdemona’.
seed when fresh or by softwood cuttings in softwood cuttings in summer or by seed or L. dentata ‘Desdemona’, syn. L.
late spring or early summer. Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or division in fall. clivorum ‘Desdemona’. Compact, clump-
L. grandiceps, illus. p.356. deciduous shrubs, grown for their white L. formosa (Himalayan honeysuckle). forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), S 2ft
L. leontopodium, syn. Raoulia flowers and their foliage. Needs full or Deciduous, upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). (60cm). Has heart-shaped, long-stalked,
leontopodium (North Island edelweiss). partial shade and moist, peaty, acid soil. Has blue-green shoots and slender, oval, leathery, basal, dark brownish-green
Evergreen, rosetted perennial. H and S 5in Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. dark green leaves. In summer and early fall, leaves, almost mahogany beneath. Bears
(12cm). Has oblong to oval, overlapping, L. catesbaei. See L. fontanesiana. small, funnel-shaped, white flowers are terminal clusters of large, daisylike, vivid
silvery-white to yellowish leaves. In early L. fontanesiana, syn. L. catesbaei, L. produced at tip of each pendent cluster orange flower heads on branching stems
summer produces up to 15 small, star- walteri (Drooping leucothoe, Fetterbush). of purplish-red bracts and are followed by from mid- to late summer. Z4–8 H8–1.
shaped, woolly, silvery-white flower heads Evergreen, arching shrub. H 5ft (1.5m), spherical, reddish-purple fruits. Cut weak L. ‘Gregynog Gold’. Clump-forming
surrounded by thick, felted, white bracts. S 10ft (3m). Lance-shaped, leathery, glossy, shoots to ground level in early spring. Z7–9 perennial. H 6ft (2m), S 2ft (60cm). Leaves
Z7–8 H8–7. dark green leaves have long points and H9–6. are large, heart-shaped and deep green.
sharp teeth. Short racemes of small, urn- Conical panicles of daisylike, orange-yellow
LEUCOJUM shaped, white flowers are borne beneath LEYMUS flower heads are borne from mid- to late
shoots from mid- to late spring. Z5–8 H8–5. summer. Z6–9 H9–6.
Snowflake ‘Rainbow’, illus. p.167. SCARLETTA GRAMINEAE/POACEAE L. przewalskii, syn. Senecio przewalskii,
(‘Zeblid’) has dark red-purple young illus. p.445.
AMARYLLIDACEAE foliage, which turns dark green, then See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, L. stenocephala. Loosely clump-forming
bronze in winter. Z5–8 H8–3. ‘Zeblid’ see and SEDGES. perennial. H 4ft (1.2m) or more, S 2ft
Genus of bulbs, grown for their pendent, L.f. SCARLETTA. L. arenarius, syn. Elymus arenarius. (60cm). Has rounded, jagged-edged, mid-
bell-shaped, white or pink flowers in fall or L. keiskei. Evergreen shrub with erect Vigorous, spreading, herbaceous, green leaves. Large heads of daisylike,
spring. Some species prefer a moist, or semiprocumbent stems. H 6–24in rhizomatous, perennial grass. H to 5ft yellow-orange flowers are borne on
partially shaded site, others do best in sun (15–60cm), S 12–24in (30–60cm). Oval, (1.5m), S indefinite. Has broad, glaucous purplish stems from mid- to late summer.
and well-drained soil. Propagate by division thin-textured, glossy, dark green leaves leaves. Produces sturdy, terminal spikes Z4–8 H8–1.
have a red flush when young and leathery of grayish-green flowers on erect stems in L. ‘The Rocket’, illus. p.219.
L in spring or early fall or by seed in fall. appearance. Bears pendent, urn-shaped, late summer. Is useful for binding coastal L. tussilaginea. See Farfugium
white flowers from leaf axils in summer. Is dunes. Z4–10 H10–1. japonicum.
L. aestivum, illus. p.436. good for a rock garden, peat bed or alpine
L. autumnale. See Acis autumnalis. house. Prefers mild, damp climates. Z6–8 LIATRIS LIGUSTRUM
L. roseum. See Acis rosea. H8–6.
L. vernum, illus. p.414. L. walteri. See L. fontanesiana. Blazing star, Gayfeather Privet
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
LEUCOPHYTA LEWISIA OLEACEAE
Genus of summer-flowering perennials
Cushion bush PORTULACACEAE with thickened, corm-like rootstocks, Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
grown for their flowers. Prefers sun and evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Genus of perennials, some of which are well-drained soil. Propagate by division their foliage and, in some species,
evergreen, with rosettes of succulent leaves in spring. flowers. Requires sun or partial shade,
Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials and deep tap roots. Most species are good L. callilepis of gardens. See L. spicata. the variegated forms doing best in full
and small shrubs, often used as summer in alpine houses, troughs and rock gardens. L. pycnostachya (Kansas gayfeather). sun. Thrives on any well-drained soil,
bedding. Requires full light and well-drained Evergreen species need partial shade and Clump-forming perennial. H 4ft (1.2m), including chalky soil. All except L.
soil. Water container plants moderately rich, moist or well-drained, neutral to acid S 1ft (30cm). In summer bears tall spikes lucidum occasionally need cutting back
when in full growth, sparingly at other soil and resent water in their rosettes at all of clustered, feathery, mauve-pink flower in mid-spring to restrict growth.
times. Remove tips to promote a bushy times. Herbaceous species shed their leaves heads. Grasslike, dark green leaves form Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
habit. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in late in summer and require sun and well- basal tufts. Z3–9 H9–2.
summer. Botrytis may be troublesome if drained, neutral to acid soil; dry off after L. spicata, syn. L. callilepis (Gayfeather, summer. T All parts may cause severe
plants are kept too cool and damp in winter. flowering. Propagate herbaceous species Spike blazing star), illus. p.438.
L. brownii, syn. Calocephalus brownii, by seed in spring or fall, evergreen species discomfort if ingested.
illus. p.315. by seed in spring or by offsets in summer. LIBERTIA L. japonicum (Japanese privet).
Seed of L. Cotyledon Hybrids may not Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m),
LEUCOPOGON come true. IRIDACEAE S 8ft (2.5m). Has oval, glossy, very dark
L. columbiana. Evergreen, basal-rosetted green leaves and, from mid-summer to
ERICACEAE perennial. H 6in (15cm) or more, S 4–6in Genus of rhizomatous perennials, grown early fall, large, conical panicles of small,
(10–15cm). Bears thick, narrowly oblong, for their foliage, decorative seed pods tubular, white flowers with lobes. Z7–10
Genus of evergreen, heather-like shrubs, flat, glossy, green leaves and, in early and flowers. Needs a sheltered, sunny or H10–7. ‘Coriaceum’. See L. japonicum
suitable for rock gardens and peat beds. summer, terminal sprays of small, cup- partially shaded site and well-drained soil. ‘Rotundifolium’. ‘Rotundifolium’, syn.
Needs a sheltered, shaded site and gritty, shaped, deeply veined, white to deep pink Propagate by division in spring or by seed L. japonicum ‘Coriaceum’ is slow-growing,
moist, peaty soil. Propagate in summer flowers. Prefers moist soil. Z4–8 H8–3. in fall or spring. and produces a dense mass of rounded,
by seed or semiripe cuttings. L. Cotyledon Hybrids, illus. p.340. L. grandiflora, illus. p.230. leathery leaves.
L. colensoi, syn. Cyathodes colensoi, illus. L. ‘George Henley’, illus. p.338. L. ixioides. Clump-forming, rhizomatous L. lucidum (Chinese privet). Evergreen,
p.346. L. nevadensis. Loose, basal-rosetted perennial. H and S 24in (60cm). Produces upright shrub or tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft
perennial. H 11/2–21⁄2in (4–6cm), S 3in (8cm). panicles of saucer-shaped, white flowers in (8m). Bears large, oval, glossy, dark green
620 LEUCOSPERMUM summer. Grasslike, dark green leaves turn leaves. Produces large panicles of small,
orange-brown in winter. ‘Goldfinger’, tubular, white flowers, with 4 lobes, in
Pincushion illus. p.277. late summer and early fall. Z8–10 H10–8.

PROTEACEAE

Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
flower heads. Requires full light and sandy,
well-drained soil with few phosphates and

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‘Excelsum Superbum’ has bright green turkscap, sometimes scented flowers, and L. ‘Arena’, illus. p.388. Vigorous, summer- L. bulbiferum (Fire lily, Orange lily). L
leaves, marked with pale green and yellow- have whorls of elliptic leaves. flowering Division 7b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem
edged. Z8–11 H12–8. Large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped to roots. H 16in–5ft (40cm–1.5m). Stem bears 621
L. ovalifolium (Privet), illus. p.119. Division 3 (Candidum hybrids) slightly trumpet-shaped, recurving, scattered, lance-shaped leaves and, usually,
‘Aureum’ is a vigorous, evergreen Derived from L. candicum and other greenish- to yellowish-white flowers have bulbils in leaf axils. Bears 1–5 or more
or semievergreen, upright, dense shrub. European species, except L. martagon, deep red central veining on the insides and upward-facing, shallowly cup-shaped,
H 12ft (4m), S 10ft (3m). Oval, glossy, mid- these lilies produce sometimes scented, yellow-green throats with deep red spots. orange-red flowers. Each petal is 21/2–31/4in
green leaves are broadly edged bright mostly turkscap flowers, singly or in L. auratum (Golden-rayed lily of Japan). (6–8.5cm) long and spotted black or deep
yellow. Dense panicles of small, rather umbels or racemes. Leaves are elliptic, Summer- and fall-flowering Division 9 lily red. Z3–8 H8–1. var. croceum (illus. p.391)
unpleasantly scented, tubular, white and spirally arranged or scattered. with stem roots. H 2–5ft (60cm–1.5m). has orange flowers and does not normally
flowers, with 4 lobes, in mid-summer are Has long, scattered, lance-shaped leaves. bear bulbils.
followed by spherical, black fruits. Cut back Division 4 (American hybrids) Produces up to 10, sometimes more, L. ‘California Gold’. Vigorous, summer-
hedges to 1ft (30cm) after planting and Derived from American species, these lilies fragrant, outward-facing, widely bowl- flowering Division 6a lily. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m).
prune hard for first 2 years; then trim as bear racemes of sometimes scented, mostly shaped, white flowers; each petal is 5–7in Produces sprays of outward-facing,
necessary in growing season. Z6–10 H10–9. turkscap, but occasionally funnel-shaped (12–18cm) long with a central, red or yellow trumpet- to bowl-shaped, deep lemon-
L. sinense, illus. p.112. flowers, and have whorls of lance-shaped band and often red or yellow spots. yellow flowers, with the reverses of the
L. x vicaryi. See L. ‘Vicaryi’. to elliptic leaves. Requires partial shade and neutral to acid gently recurving petals bronze-green.
L. ‘Vicaryi’, syn. L. x vicaryi, illus. p.140. soil. Z3–8 H8–1. var. platyphyllum (illus. L. canadense (Canada lily, Meadow lily,
L. vulgare (Common privet). Deciduous Division 5 (Longiflorum hybrids) p.388) has broader leaves; petals have a Wild yellow lily), illus. p.390. Summer-
or semievergreen, bushy shrub. H and Derived from L. formosanum and L. central, yellow band and fewer spots. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.
S 10ft (3m). Has narrowly lance-shaped, longiflorum, these lilies bear racemes or Z5–8 H8–1. H to 5ft (1.5m). Narrowly to broadly lance-
dark green leaves. Produces panicles of umbels of large, often sweetly scented, L. ‘Black Beauty’. Summer-flowering shaped leaves are mainly in whorls. Bears
small, strongly scented, tubular, white trumpet- or funnel-shaped flowers, Division 7d lily. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Has about 10 nodding, bell-shaped, yellow or
flowers, with 4 lobes, from early to mid- sometimes only 2 or 3 per stem. Leaves medium-sized, outward-facing, flattish, red flowers; each petal is 2–3in (5–8cm)
summer, then spherical, black fruits. Cut are linear to narrowly lance-shaped, and green-centered, very deep red flowers with long, with dark red or purple spots in
back hedges to 1ft (30cm) after planting scattered. recurved, white-margined petals. Z3–8 lower part. Z3–8 H8–1.
and prune hard for first 2 years; then trim H8–1. L. candidum (Madonna lily). Summer-
as necessary in growing season. Z5–8 Division 6 (Trumpet and Aurelian L. ‘Black Dragon’. Summer-flowering flowering Division 9 lily. H 3–6ft (1–2m).
H8–5. ‘Aureum’, H and S 6ft (2m), has hybrids) Division 6a lily. H 5ft (1.5m). Has large, Flower stem bears scattered, lance-shaped
golden-yellow foliage. Derived from Asiatic species, including outward-facing, trumpet-shaped flowers leaves and 5–20 fragrant, outward-facing,
L. regale, L. henryi and L. sargentiae, these with dark purplish-red outsides and white broadly funnel-shaped, white flowers. Each
LILIUM lilies bear racemes or umbels of usually insides. Z3–8 H8–1. petal is 2–3in (5–8cm) long with yellow base
scented flowers. Leaves are elliptic to linear, L. ‘Black Magic’, illus. p.388. Summer- and slightly recurved tip. In fall bears basal
Lily and alternate or spirally arranged. There are flowering Division 6a lily. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m). leaves, which remain throughout winter
4 subdivisions: 6a) trumpet-shaped flowers; Scented, outward-facing, trumpet-shaped but die off as flowering stems mature.
LILIACEAE 6b) bowl-shaped flowers; 6c) very shallowly flowers are purplish-brown outside and Prefers lime-rich soil. Z6–9 H9–6.
bowl-shaped flowers, some almost flat; 6d) white inside. Z3–8 H8–1. L. carniolicum. See L. pyrenaicum subsp.
Genus of mainly summer-flowering bulbs, distinctly recurved flowers. L. ‘Black Out’, illus. p.389. Summer- carniolicum.
grown for their often fragrant, brightly flowering Division 1b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). L. ‘Casa Blanca’, illus. p.388. Late
colored flowers. Each fleshy-scaled bulb Division 7 (Oriental hybrids) Glossy, dark red flowers have black-red summer-flowering Division 7b lily. H 3ft
produces one unbranched, leafy stem, in Derived from E. Asian species, such as throats, with tiny, black spots. (90cm). Large, waxy, white flowers have
some cases with annual roots in lower part. L. auratum, L. japonicum and L. speciosum, L. ‘Black Pearl’. Summer-flowering yellowish-white midribs and violet-red
Mostly lance-shaped or linear leaves, to as well as their hybrids with L. henryi, Division 1a lily. H 3ft (1m). Bears deep nectaries. Z6–9 H9–6.
9in (22cm) long, are scattered or in whorls, these lilies have flowers borne in racemes purple-red flowers. L. cernuum (Nodding lily), illus. p.389.
sometimes with bulbils in axils. Flowers, or panicles, and are often scented. Leaves L. ‘Bonfire’. Late summer-flowering Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem
usually several per stem, are mainly are lance-shaped and alternate. There are 4 Division 7b lily. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). Produces roots. H to 2ft (60cm). Long, linear leaves
trumpet- to bowl-shaped or with the subdivisions: 7a) trumpet-shaped flowers; outward-facing, bowl-shaped flowers with are scattered. Produces 7–15 fragrant,
6 petals strongly reflexed to form a 7b) bowl-shaped flowers; 7c) flat or very broad petals, white outside flushed with nodding, turkscap flowers, usually pinkish-
turkscap shape. (Petals of Lilium are known shallowly bowl-shaped flowers; 7d) pink, and dark crimson inside, spotted purple with purple spots. Each petal is
botanically as perianth segments.) Three turkscap or various recurved flowers. paler crimson. Z3–8 H8–1. 11/2–2in (3.5–5cm) long. Z2–6 H6–1.
categories of flower size—small, medium L. ‘Boogie Woogie’, illus. p.390. L. chalcedonicum, syn. L. heldreichii
and large—are used in the descriptions Division 8. Other hybrids Summer-flowering Division 5 and 6 (Scarlet turkscap lily) illus. p.391.
below. For turkscap, bowl-, cup-, and star- crossbred Orienpet lily. H 3ft (1m). Bears Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with
shaped flowers: small is up to 2in (5cm) Division 9. All true species. large, fragrant flowers with recurved, stem roots. H 20in–5ft (50cm–1.5m).
across; medium is 2–3in (5–7cm) across; pink-edged, yellow petals. Leaves are scattered and mostly lance-
large is over 3in (7cm) across. For trumpet- L. African Queen Group, illus. p.391. L. ‘Bright Star’, illus. p.390. Summer- shaped; lower ones are spreading,
and funnel-shaped flowers: small is up to Summer-flowering Division 6 lily. H 3ft flowering Division 6b lily. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m). upper ones smaller and closer to stem.
3in (7cm) long; medium is 3–4in (7–10cm) (1m). Produces 3 large, fragrant flowers, Has large, flattish, white flowers; petals Bears up to 12 slightly scented, nodding,
long; large is over 4in (10cm) long. Each brownish-purple outside and apricot- have recurved tips and central, orange turkscap flowers with red or reddish-
plant has a spread of up to 12in (30cm). orange on the inside, with recurved petals. streak inside. Z5–8 H8–1. orange petals, 2–3in (5–7cm) long.
Needs sun and well-drained soil, unless Z5–8 H8–5. L. ‘Brocade’. Early summer-flowering Z7–9 H8–1.
otherwise stated. Propagate by seed in fall L. ‘Altari’, illus. p.388. Summer-flowering Division 2 lily. H 5ft (1.5m). Produces L. Citronella Group, illus. p.390. Mid-
or spring, by bulb scales in summer or by Division 5 and 7 crossbred lily. H 3ft (1m). nodding, turkscap, orange-yellow flowers, summer-flowering Division 1 lily.
stem bulbils in fall. Virus, fungal diseases, Highly scented, white flowers have suffused rosy-pink, with purple-red spots H 3ft (1m). Produces nodding heads
and lily beetle may cause problems. Lilies cranberry-red inner throats. on insides of recurved petals. of large, scented flowers with recurved,
are classified into 9 divisions. See feature L. amabile. Summer-flowering Division 9 L. ‘Bronwen North’. Mid-summer- black-spotted, bright yellow petals.
panel pp.388–91. lily with stem roots. H 1–3ft (30cm–1m). flowering Division 1c lily. H to 3ft (1m). Z3–8 H8–1.
Scattered leaves are lance-shaped. Has up Each stem bears 7 or more medium-sized, L. ‘Conca d’Or’, illus. p.390. Summer-
Division 1 (Asiatic hybrids) to 10 unpleasant-smelling, nodding, slightly fragrant flowers with strongly flowering Division 5 and 6 crossbred
These lilies are derived from various Asiatic turkscap, black-spotted, red flowers; each recurving, pale mauve-pink petals, paler at Orienpet lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Produces to 3
species, including L. bulbiferum, L. petal is 2–21/4in (5–5.5cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. the tips, and pale pink throats with dark large, spicy-scented, creamy-yellow flowers
cernuum, L. concolor, L. davidii, L. L. ‘Amber Gold’. Summer-flowering spots and lines; nectaries are reddish-black. with lemon-yellow throats.
lancifolium and L. x maculatum. The flowers Division 1c lily. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). Has Z3–8 H8–1. L. ‘Connecticut King’, illus. p.390. Early
are borne in racemes or umbels, and are medium-sized, nodding, turkscap, deep L. ‘Brushmarks’. Early summer- to mid-summer-flowering Division 1a lily.
usually unscented. The leaves are narrowly yellow flowers, each with maroon spots in flowering Division 1a lily. H 41/2ft (1.35m). H 3ft (1m). Flowers are medium-sized,
ovate and arranged alternatively. There are throat. Z3–8 H8–1. Large, upward-facing, cup-shaped, orange upward-facing, cup-shaped and bright
3 subdivisions: 1a) upward-facing flowers; L. ‘Angela North’. Mid-summer- flowers are green-throated. Petals have yellow. Z5–8 H8–1.
1b) outward-facing flowers; 1c) pendent flowering Division 1c lily. H to 3ft (1m). Has deep red blotches and sometimes spots. L. ‘Corsage’. Summer-flowering Division
flowers. medium-sized, slightly fragrant, dark red Z3–8 H8–1. 1b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears outward-facing,
flowers, spotted darker red, that have
Division 2 (Martagon hybrids) strongly recurved petals. Z3–8 H8–1.
Derived primarily from L. hansonii and L. L. ‘Apollo’, illus. p.391. Summer-flowering
martagon, these lilies produce racemes of Division 1a lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Has downward-
facing, turkscap, pale orange flowers with
strongly reflexed petals. Z3–8 H8–1.

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L bowl-shaped flowers with recurved petals, (1.2m). Has upright, open bowl-shaped, H to 4ft (1.2m). Leaves are scattered nodding, turkscap, deep orange flowers
pink-flushed outside and pink inside with vivid-yellow flowers, strongly red-suffused and lance-shaped. Has up to 15 scented, are spotted red-brown. Z3–8 H8–1.
622 white centers and maroon spots. Z3–8 in throats for about half petal lengths, and nodding, turkscap, pink flowers. Petals, L. martagon (Martagon lily), illus. p.389.
H8–1. with a few red spots at base internally. Is 11/2–21/2in (4–6.5cm) long with central, Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with
L. ‘Côte d’Azur’, illus. p.389. Summer- good as a pot plant. green stripe and red-purple spots mainly stem roots. H 3–6ft (1–2m). Has lance-
flowering Division 1a lily. H 16in (40cm). L. ‘Gran Paradiso’, illus. p.391. Mid- on edges, are often mauve-flushed. shaped to oval leaves in whorls and up to
Strong stems bear deep rose-pink flowers summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 3ft Needs partial shade in warm areas. 50 scented, nodding, turkscap flowers.
with darker-spotted throats. Z3–8 H8–1. (1m). Produces medium-sized, unscented, Z3–8 H8–1. Petals are 11/4–13/4in (3–4.5cm) long and
L. ‘Cover Girl’. Summer- to early fall- bowl-shaped, red flowers with slightly L. leichtlinii, illus. p.390. Summer- pink or purple, often with darker spots.
flowering Division 7c lily. H 5–6ft recurved petals. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. Z3–7 H7–1. var. album (illus. p.388) has
(1.5–1.9m). Has very large, outward- L. hansonii, illus. p.391. Summer- H to 4ft (1.2m). Scattered leaves are linear pure white flowers.
or slightly downward-facing, soft pink flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. to narrowly lance-shaped. Produces 1–6 L. medeoloides, illus. p.390. Summer-
flowers, with white at tips of gently H 3–5ft (1–1.5m). Long leaves in whorls are nodding, turkscap, yellow flowers; each flowering Division 9 lily. H to 21/2ft (75cm).
recurved petals which are centrally banded lance-shaped to oval. Has 3–12 scented, petal, 21/2–31/4in (6–8.5cm) long, has dark Has lance-shaped leaves and up to 10
deep pink and strongly red-spotted. nodding, turkscap, orange-yellow flowers. reddish-purple spots. Needs partial shade. turkscap, apricot to orange-red flowers,
L. ‘Crimson Pixie’, illus. p.391. Early Each thick petal, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) long, Z2–7 H7–1. usually with darker spots. Z3–7 H7–1.
summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 16in has brown-purple spots towards base. L. ‘Limelight’, illus. p.390. Moderately L. ‘Miss Lucy’, illus. p.389. Summer-
(40cm). Has umbels of upright, open bowl- Z2–7 H7–1. robust, mid-summer-flowering Division 9 flowering Division 7 lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
shaped, unspotted, deep warm red-orange L. ‘Harmony’. Summer-flowering lily. H 3–6ft (1–2m). Large, fragrant, slightly Produces highly fragrant, double, pinkish-
flowers. Is good as a pot plant. Division 1a lily. H 11/2–3ft (50cm–1m). pendent, trumpet-shaped, lime-yellow white flowers with 18 petals.
L. x dalhansonii. Variable, summer- Orange flowers are upward-facing, cup- flowers are flushed green, especially L. monadelphum, syn. L. szovitsianum,
flowering Division 9 lily. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). shaped and spotted with maroon. Z3–8 outside. Z3–8 H8–1. illus. p.390. Summer-flowering Division 9
Has unpleasant-smelling, turkscap, H8–1. L. ‘Lime Star’. Vigorous, summer- lily with stem roots. H 11/2–6ft (50cm–2m).
chestnut-brown or dark maroon flowers L. heldreichii. See L. chalcedonicum. flowering Division 7a/b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Has scattered, lance-shaped to oval leaves.
with gold spots. Z3–8 H8–1. L. henryi, illus. p.391. Late summer- Has outward-facing, bowl-shaped to Produces usually 1–5, sometimes up to 30,
L. x dalhansonii ‘Marhan’. See L. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. flat flowers, with recurving, white petals. scented, nodding, turkscap, yellow flowers,
‘Marhan’. H 3–10ft (1–3m). Has scattered, lance- Each petal is strongly banded bright usually with deep red or purple spots
L. davidii. Summer-flowering Division 9 shaped leaves. Produces 5–20, sometimes greenish-yellow and has slightly ruffled inside. Petals are 21/2–4in (6–10cm) long.
lily with stem roots. H 3–41/2ft (1–1.4m). up to 70, nodding, turkscap, orange margins. Z5–8 H8–5.
Linear leaves are scattered. Produces 5–20 flowers; petals, 21/2–3in (6–8cm) long, have L. LOLLYPOP (‘Holebibi’), syn. L. ‘Mona Lisa’, illus. p.388. Summer-
nodding, turkscap, red or reddish-orange dark spots and prominent warts towards L. ‘Lollypop’. Early summer-flowering flowering Division 7b/c lily. H 18in (45cm).
flowers; each petal is 2–3in (5–8cm) long bases. Prefers lime-rich soil. Z2–7 H7–1. Division 1a lily. H 2ft (60cm). Has upright, Has large, shallowly bowl-shaped to flat,
with dark purple spots. Z3–8 H8–1. var. L. ‘Holebibi’. See L. LOLLYPOP. open bowl-shaped, white flowers, with light reddish-purple flowers, with ivory-
willmottiae has slender, arching stems L. Imperial Crimson Group. Late the upper parts of gently recurving white margins suffused red, greenish petal
to 6ft (2m) and pendent flower stalks. summer-flowering Division 7c lily. H 5ft petals strongly suffused deep red. tips, dark red spots on lower half of each
L. ‘Destiny’. Early summer-flowering (1.5m). Large, fragrant, flattish, deep L. longiflorum (Bermuda lily, Easter lily, petal and light green throats.
Division 1a lily. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Flowers crimson flowers have white throats and White trumpet lily), illus. p.388. Summer- L. ‘Mont Blanc’. Summer-flowering
are medium-sized, upward-facing, cup- white-margined petals. Z5–8 H8–5. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. Division 1a lily. H 3ft (90cm). Has large,
shaped and yellow with brown spots. L. Imperial Gold Group. Summer- H 1–3ft (30cm–1m). Leaves are scattered upward-facing, creamy-white flowers,
Z3–8 H8–1. flowering Division 7c lily. H 6ft (2m). Bears and lance-shaped. Produces 1–6 fragrant, spotted with brown. Z5–8 H8–5.
L. duchartrei. Summer-flowering large, fragrant, flattish, white flowers, outward-facing, funnel-shaped, white L. ‘Montreux’. Mid-summer-flowering
Division 9 lily. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Lance- spotted maroon, and with yellow stripe flowers. Each petal, 5–8in (13–20cm) long, Division 1a lily. H 3ft (1m). Bears about 8
shaped leaves are scattered up stems. Has up each petal center. Z5–8 H8–5. has slightly recurved tip. Z7–9 H9–7. medium-sized, pink flowers with darker
up to 12 fragrant, nodding, turkscap, white L. ‘Journey’s End’, illus. p.389. Late ‘White American’, H 3ft (1m), is a pink midribs; orange-pink throats are
flowers that are flushed purple outside and summer-flowering Division 7d lily. H 6ft Division 5 lily and produces white flowers spotted with brown. Z3–8 H8–1.
spotted deep purple inside. Z7–8 H8–7. (2m). Large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped, with green tips and deep yellow anthers. L. ‘Mr. Ed’. See L. ‘Ed’.
L. ‘Ed’, syn. L. ‘Mr. Ed’. Summer- to early maroon-spotted, deep pink flowers have Is often grown for cut flowers. ‘White L. ‘Muscadet’. Summer-flowering
fall-flowering Division 7 lily. H 16in (40cm). recurved petals, white at tips and edges. Heaven’ (illus. p.388), H 4ft (1.2m), is a Division 7 lily. H 3ft (1m). Large, fragrant,
Has large, outward-facing, bowl-shaped, Z5–8 H8–1. Division 5 lily with delicately scented, white flowers have pink markings and
greenish-white flowers, with the petals L. ‘Karen North’, illus. p.391. Summer- pure white flowers. maroon spots.
centrally banded pale yellow and flushed flowering Division 1c lily. H to 41/2ft (1.4m). L. ‘Luxor’. Vigorous, summer-flowering L. nanum, syn. Nomocharis nana. Late
pale red, and dark red spots on one-third Turkscap flowers are medium-sized, Division 1b lily. H 3–5ft (90cm–1.5m). spring- or summer-flowering Division 9
of each petal. downward-facing, with orange-pink petals Produces large, outward-facing, bowl- lily. H 21/2–18in (6–45cm). Scattered leaves
L. ‘Elodie’, illus. p.389. Summer-flowering sparsely spotted with deep pink. Z4–8 shaped, bright yellow flowers, slightly are linear. Bears usually nodding, broadly
Division 1a lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Semidouble, H8–1. darker yellow and speckled with dark red bell-shaped, purplish-pink flower, with
pale pink flowers have dark pink-freckled L. ‘Lady Alice’, illus. p.388. Summer- spots on lower half of each petal. petals 13/4–2in (4.5–5cm) long. Needs partial
centers. flowering Divison 8 lily. H 4ft (1.2m). L. mackliniae (Manipur lily), illus. p.389. shade. Z3–8 H8–1. var. flavidum has pale
L. ‘Enchantment’, illus. p.391. Early Pendent, turkscap flowers have recurved, Late spring- to summer-flowering Division yellow flowers.
summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 3ft brown-speckled, cream petals with apricot- 9 lily with stem roots. H to 16in (40cm). L. nepalense. Summer-flowering Division
(1m). Produces medium-sized, upward- orange centers. Small, narrowly lance-shaped to narrowly 9 lily with stem roots. H 28–36in (70cm–1m).
facing, cup-shaped, orange-red flowers L. ‘Lady Bowes Lyon’, illus. p.391. oval leaves are scattered or whorled near Has scattered, lance-shaped leaves.
with black-spotted throats. Z3–8 H8–1. Summer-flowering Division 1c lily. H 3–4ft top of stem. Has 1–6 usually nodding, Produces often unpleasant-smelling,
L. ‘Eros’. Mid-summer-flowering Division (1–1.2m). Downward-facing, black-spotted, broadly bell-shaped, purplish-pink nodding, funnel-shaped, greenish-white
1c lily. H 3–31/2ft (90cm–1.1m). Has small, red flowers have reflexed petals. Z3–8 flowers; each petal is 13/4–2in (4.5–5cm) or greenish-yellow flowers, each with dark
unscented, turkscap, buff flowers. H8–1. long. Needs partial shade. Z7–8 H8–7. reddish-purple base inside and petals to
L. ‘Garden Party’. Summer-flowering L. lancifolium, syn. L. tigrinum (Tiger lily). L. maculatum, syn. L. thunbergianum. 6in (15cm) long. Z7–8 H8–7.
Division 7 lily. H 20in (50cm) Produces Summer- to early fall-flowering Division 9 Summer-flowering Division 9 lily with stem L. ‘Netty’s Pride’, illus. p.389. Summer-
large, fragrant, outward-facing, red- lily with stem roots. H 2–5ft (60cm–1.5m). roots. H to 2ft (60cm). Scattered leaves are flowering Division 1b lily. H 2ft (60cm).
speckled, white flowers with gold and red Has long, scattered, narrowly lance-shaped lance-shaped or oval. Has 1–6 upward- Bears dark maroon flowers with ivory-
or pink stripes in center of each petal. leaves. Produces 5–10, sometimes up to 40, facing, cup-shaped, yellow, orange or red tipped petals.
L. Golden Clarion Group. Late spring- nodding, turkscap, pink- to red-orange flowers with darker spots; each petal is L. ‘New Wave’. Early to mid-summer-
to early summer-flowering bulb. H 3–6ft flowers; each petal, 3–4in (7–10cm) long is 3–4in (8–10cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. flowering Division 1a lily. H 2ft (60cm).
(1–2m). Produces outward-facing, trumpet- purple spotted. Z2–7 H7–1. var. L. ‘Magic Pink’. Early summer-flowering Produces large, pure white flowers with
shaped, pale to deep yellow flowers that flaviflorum has yellow flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. Division 7b lily. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m). Large scattered, maroon spots.
may be flushed with reddish-purple on Vigorous ‘Splendens’ (illus. p.391) bears flowers are pink with darker pink spots. L. ‘Nymph’, illus. p.388. Summer-
outside. Z5–7 H7–5. larger, brighter red-orange flowers. Z2–7 Z3–8 H8–1. flowering Division 7 lily. H 4ft (1.2m).
L. Golden Splendor Group, illus. p.393. H8–1. L. ‘Marhan’, syn. L. x dalhansonii Produces large, scented, white flowers
L. ‘Grand Cru’, illus. p.391. Early L. lankongense, illus. p.389. Summer- ‘Marhan’. Early summer-flowering Division with deep pink stripes along center of
summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 4ft flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. 2 lily. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m). Medium-sized, each petal.

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L. ‘Olivia’, illus. p.388. Late summer- long, is yellow or green-yellow with acid soil. Z3–8 H8–1. var. album has white L. ‘Zanlophator’. See L. TRIUMPHATOR.
flowering Division 7b lily. H 21/2–3ft prominent, dark purple spots and lines. flowers and purple stems. Flowers of var. L. wigginsii. See L. pardalinum subsp.
(75cm–1m). Has medium-sized, scented, Z3–8 H8–1. subsp. carniolicum, syn. rubrum are carmine, stems are purple. wigginsii.
slightly reflexed, bowl-shaped, white L. carniolicum has red- or orange-spotted Z5–7 H10–8.
flowers. flowers. Leaves may be hairless or downy. L. ‘Star Fighter’, illus. p.389. Summer- Limnanthemum nymphoides. See
L. Olympic Group. Vigorous, summer- subsp. ponticum, syn. L. ponticum bears flowering Division 7 lily. H 20in (50cm). Nymphoides peltata.
flowering Division 6a lily. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m). deep yellow flowers, densely lined and Bears spicy-scented, maroon-speckled,
Produces racemes of up to 15 large, sweetly spotted with red-brown or purple; leaves deep pinkish-purple flowers with LIMNANTHES
scented, trumpet-shaped flowers ranging are downy beneath. f. rubrum (illus. prominent, white edges.
from white, greenish-white, cream and p.391) has orange-red or dark red flowers. L. ‘Star Gazer’. Late summer-flowering Poached-egg plant
yellow to pink and purple, often yellow in L. ‘Red Carpet’, illus. p.391. Early Division 7c lily. H 3ft (90cm). Large, highly
throats. Petals are flushed pink or purplish- summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 1ft fragrant, rich crimson flowers are spotted LIMNANTHACEAE
red on outside. (30cm). Has upright umbels of open bowl- maroon, with white edges. Z3–8 H8–1.
L. ‘Orange Electric’, illus. p.391. shaped, unspotted, deep red flowers. Is L. ‘Sterling Star’, illus. p.388. Summer- Genus of annuals, useful for rock gardens,
Summer-flowering Division 1a lily. good as a pot plant. flowering Division 1a lily. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m). containers and for edging borders. Prefers
H 4ft (1.2m). Bears white flowers with L. regale (Regal lily), illus. p.388. Summer- Has large, upward-facing, cup-shaped, white sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
orange and yellow stripes and brown spots. flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. flowers with tiny, brown spots. Z5–7 H8–1. by seed in spring or early fall. Self-seeds
L. ‘Orange Pixie’, illus. p.391. Early H 20in–6ft (50cm–2m). Linear leaves are L. ‘Sumatra’, illus. p.389. Summer- very freely, although easy to control.
summer-flowering Division 1a lily. scattered. Produces up to 25 fragrant, flowering Division 7 lily. H 36in (90cm). L. douglasii, illus. p.321.
H 10–12in (25–30cm). Has upright umbels outward-facing, funnel-shaped flowers. Produces large, scented, dark wine-red
of open bowl-shaped, deep golden- Petals, 5–6in (12–15cm) long, are white flowers with hint of white at tips of petals. LIMONIUM L
orange flowers. Is good as a pot plant. inside with yellow base and pinkish-purple L. superbum (Swamp lily, Turkscap lily),
L. pardalinum (Leopard lily, Panther lily), outside. Z4–7 H8–5. ‘Royal Gold’, syn. illus. p.390. Late summer- to early fall- Sea lavender, Statice
illus. p.391. Summer-flowering Division 9 L. ‘Royal Gold’ (illus. p.390), H 4–5ft flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots.
lily. H 6–10ft (2–3m). Long, narrowly elliptic (1.2–1.5m), is vigorous and produces H 5–10ft (1.5–3m). Lance-shaped to elliptic PLUMBAGINACEAE
leaves are mainly in whorls. Has up to 10 clusters of large flowers, mid-yellow leaves are mainly in whorls. Bears up to 40
often scented, nodding, turkscap flowers. inside and purple-brown outside. nodding, turkscap, orange flowers. Each Genus of summer- and fall-flowering
Each petal, 2–31/2in (5–9cm) long, has red L. ‘Roma’, illus. p.390. Early summer- petal, 21/2–4in (6–10cm) long, is green base perennials, sometimes grown as annuals,
upper part. Orange lower parts have flowering Division 1a lily. H 5ft (1.5m). inside and usually flushed red and spotted and subshrubs, some of which are
maroon spots, some of which are encircled Green buds open to cream flowers that maroon. Requires neutral to acid soil. Z4–7 evergreen. Needs full sun and well-drained
with yellow. Z5–8 H8–5. subsp. wigginsii, sometimes age to pale greenish-yellow. H8–1. soil. Propagate by division in spring, by
illus. p.390. H 3–4ft (90–120cm). Linear- Z3–8 H8–1. L. ‘Sweet Lord’, illus. p.389. Early to mid- seed in fall or early spring or by root
lance-shaped, deep green leaves are L. ‘Rosemary North’, illus. p.390. Mid- summer-flowering Division 1a lily. H 20in cuttings in winter.
scattered and in 2–4 whorls roughly to late summer-flowering Division 1c lily. (50cm). Produces purple- red flowers. L. bellidifolium, syn. L. reticulatum.
halfway up hairless stems. Produces few- H to 3ft (1m). Produces 12 or more medium- L. szovitsianum. See L. monadelphum. Evergreen, dome-shaped perennial with
flowered racemes of unscented, pendent, sized, slightly fragrant, rich orange flowers L. tenuifolium. See L. pumilum. a woody base. H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 4in
turkscap, deep yellow flowers, with purple that sometimes have darker spots. Z3–8 L. x testaceum (Nankeen lily). Summer- (10cm). Has basal rosettes of rounded, dark
spots. Needs moist acid soil, and partial or H8–1. flowering Division 9 lily. H 3–5ft (1–1.5m). green leaves. Much-branched flower stems
dappled shade. L. ‘Rosita’, illus. p.389. Early summer- Has scattered, linear, often twisted leaves. produce masses of small, “everlasting”,
L. Pink Perfection Group. Summer- flowering Division 1a lily. H 21/2ft (75cm). Produces 6–12 fragrant, nodding, turkscap, trumpet-shaped, blue flowers in summer–
flowering Division 6a lily with sturdy Has umbels of upright, open bowl-shaped, light orange to brownish-yellow flowers; fall. Is excellent for a rock garden. Z7–9
stems. H 5–6ft (1.5–2m). Produces large, green-centered, blush-pink flowers, with each petal, 3in (8cm) long, usually has H9–7.
scented, slightly nodding, trumpet-shaped slightly recurving petals. reddish spots inside. Z3–8 H8–1. L. latifolium ‘Blue Cloud’. Clump-
flowers, deep purplish-red or purple-pink L. rosthornii, illus. p.390. Vigorous, stem- L. thunbergianum. See L. maculatum. forming perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 18in
flowers, with bright orange anthers. Z3–8 rooting, clump-forming, summer-flowering L. ‘Tiger Woods’, illus. p.389. Summer- (45cm). In late summer produces diffuse
H8–1. Division 9 lily. H 16–39in (40–100cm). Has flowering Division 7 lily. H 3ft (1m). Bears clusters of bluish-mauve flowers that can
L. ‘Pink Tiger’. Vigorous, late summer- long, scattered, lance-shaped leaves on very large, scented, white flowers with be dried for indoor decoration. Has large,
flowering Division 1b lily. H 4ft (1.2m). lower part of stem; upper stem leaves are rich crimson stripe down center of each leathery, dark green leaves. Z4–9 H9–1.
Produces medium-sized, unscented, much shorter and oval in shape. Produces petal surrounded by crimson spots. L. perezii. Evergreen, rounded subshrub.
turkscap, pink flowers. up to 9 nodding, turkscap, orange or L. tigrinum. See L. lancifolium. H and S 3ft (1m) or more. Has long-stalked,
L. pomponium, illus. p.391. Slender, orange-yellow flowers. Strongly recurved, L. ‘Tom Pouce’, illus. p.389. Summer- oval to diamond-shaped, deep green
stem-rooting, summer-flowering Division 9 channeled petals have green central bands flowering Division 7 lily. H 36in (90cm). leaves. Dense clusters, 8in (20cm) wide, of
lily. H 3ft (1m). Green stems are spotted and purple-red, basal spots. Bears large, highly scented, pink flowers tiny, tubular, deep mauve-blue flowers are
purple on lower halves. Has scattered, L. ‘Royal Gold’. See L. regale ‘Royal with pale yellow stripe down center of each borne well above leaves in fall. Needs good
linear, mid-green leaves with silver-hairy Gold’. petal and pale yellow freckles. Z5–8 H8–1. ventilation if grown under glass. Z10–11
margins. Produces racemes of up to 6 L. rubellum, illus. p.389. Early summer- L. TRIUMPHATOR (‘Zanlophator’), illus. H12–1.
(rarely up to 10) pungently scented, flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. p.388. Summer-flowering Division 6 lily. L. reticulatum. See L. bellidifolium.
pendent, turkscap, sealing-wax-red H 12–32in (30–80cm). Has scattered, H 3ft (1m). Produces large, fragrant, L. sinuatum (Statice). Fairly slow-
flowers, generally with black spots and narrowly oval leaves and up to 9 scented, outward-facing, white flowers with rich growing, bushy, upright perennial, grown
streaks in throats. Prefers alkaline soil in outward-facing, broadly funnel-shaped, rose-pink centers. as an annual. H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm).
full sun or partial shade. Z5–8 H8–5. pink flowers with dark red spots at bases; L. tsingtauense, illus. p.391. Summer- Has lance-shaped, lobed, deep green leaves
L. ponticum. See L. pyrenaicum subsp. each petal is 21/2–3in (6–8cm) long. Z4–7 flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. and, in summer and early fall, tiny, blue,
ponticum. H8–1. H 3ft (1m). Lance-shaped leaves are mainly pink or white flowers borne in clusters on
L. pumilum, syn. L. tenuifolium. Summer- L. ‘Shuksan’. Summer-flowering Division in whorls. Produces 1–5 upward-facing, winged stems. H9–3. Fortress Series
flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. 4 lily. H 4–6ft (1.2–2m). Medium-sized, cup-shaped, orange to orange-red flowers; have small, tubular flowers in a mixture of
H 6–36in (15cm–1m). Small, scattered leaves nodding, turkscap, yellowish-orange petals, to 2in (5cm) long are maroon shades such as pink, yellow or blue. Leaves
are linear. Produces usually up to 7 but flowers are flushed red at petal tips and spotted. Z3–7 H8–1. are often wavy-margined.
occasionally up to 30 slightly scented, sparsely spotted with black. Z3–8 H8–1. L. wallichianum. Late summer- to fall- L. suworowii. See Psylliostachys
nodding, turkscap flowers; each petal, L. ‘Sixth Sense’. Summer-flowering flowering Division 9 lily with stem roots. suworowii.
11/4–11/2in (3–3.5cm) long, is scarlet with Division 1b lily. H 28in (70cm). Produces H to 6ft (2m). Long, scattered leaves are
or without black, basal spots. Z3–8 H8–1. white-edged, dark burgundy-red flowers linear or lance-shaped. Bears 1–4 fragrant, LINARIA 623
L. pyrenaicum (Yellow turkscap lily), with dark purple-brown spots. outward-facing, funnel-shaped, white
illus. p.390. Late spring to early summer- L. speciosum. Late summer-flowering or cream flowers that are green or yellow Toadflax
flowering Division 9 lily, often with stem Division 9 lily with stem roots. H 3–51/2ft towards bases. Each petal is 6–12in
roots. H 1–41/2ft (30cm–1.35m). Has (1–1.7m). Has long, scattered, broadly (15–30cm) long. Z3–8 H8–1. SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE
scattered, linear to narrowly elliptic, lance-shaped leaves. Produces up to 12 L. ‘White Heaven’, illus p.388. Summer-
hairless leaves. Produces up to 12 scented, nodding, turkscap, white or pink flowering Division 5 lily. H 4ft (1.2m). Bears Genus of spring-, summer- or fall-
unpleasant-smelling, nodding, turkscap flowers; each petal, to 4in (10cm) long, has fragrant, long, trumpet-shaped, pure white flowering annuals, biennials and
flowers. Each petal, 11/2–21/2in (4–6.5cm) pink or crimson spots. Requires neutral to flowers. perennials, useful for rock gardens and
borders. Prefers sun or partial shade and
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
fall or spring. Self-seeds freely.
L. alpina (Alpine toadflax). Tuft-forming,
compact, annual, biennial or short-lived
perennial with a sparse root system. H 6in
(15cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has whorls of

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linear to lance-shaped, fleshy, gray-green LINUM LIRIODENDRON cuttings in mid-summer or by seed in fall.
leaves. A succession of snapdragon-like, L. diffusa, syn. Lithospermum diffusum.
yellow-centered, purple-violet flowers is Flax Tulip tree ‘Grace Ward’ is an evergreen, compact,
borne in loose racemes in summer. Z4–9 semiprostrate shrub. H 6–12in (15–30cm),
H9–1. LINACEAE MAGNOLIACEAE S to 12in (30cm). Trailing stems bear lance-
L. dalmatica (Dalmation toadflax). shaped, hairy, dull green leaves. In early
Upright perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 2ft Genus of annuals, biennials, perennials, Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their summer produces masses of funnel-
(60cm). Is similar to L. genistifolia, but has subshrubs and shrubs, some of which are foliage and flowers in summer. Flowers are shaped, deep blue flowers in terminal
much larger, golden-yellow flowers and evergreen or semievergreen, grown for almost hidden by unusual leaves and are clusters. Needs acid soil. Trim back plants
broader, more glaucous leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. their flowers. Is suitable for rock gardens. not produced on young trees. Requires after flowering. Z6–8 H8–6. ‘Heavenly
L. genistifolia. Upright perennial. H 2–4ft Prefers sun and rich, well-drained, peaty sun or partial shade and deep, fertile, well- Blue’, illus. p.343.
(60cm–1.2m), S 9in (23cm). From mid- soil. Propagate subshrubs and shrubs by drained, preferably slightly acid, soil. L. oleifolia, syn. Lithospermum oleifolium,
summer to fall produces racemes of small, semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed Propagate species from seed in fall, and illus. p.342.
snapdragon-like, orange-marked, yellow in fall, annuals, biennials and perennials selected forms by budding in late summer. L. zahnii, syn. Lithospermum zahnii.
flowers. Lance-shaped, glossy, mid-green by seed in fall. L. chinense (Chinese tulip tree). Fast- Evergreen, much-branched, upright
leaves clasp the stems. Z5–8 H8–5. L. arboreum, illus. p.344. growing, deciduous, spreading tree. H 80ft shrub. H and S 12in (30cm) or more. Stems
L. maroccana ‘Fairy Lights’. Fast- L. flavum (Golden flax, Yellow flax). Bushy (25m), S 40ft (12m). Bears large, deep green are covered in oval, hairy, dark green or
growing, erect, bushy annual. H 8in (20cm), perennial with a woody rootstock. H 12in leaves, cut off at tips and with deep lobe grayish-green leaves. Funnel-shaped,
S 6in (15cm). Has lance-shaped, pale green (30cm), S 6in (15cm). Has narrowly oval, on each side; leaves become yellow in fall. azure-blue flowers, with spreading lobes,
leaves. Tiny, snapdragon-like flowers, in green leaves and, in summer, upward-facing, Cup-shaped, orange-based, greenish-white open in succession from early spring
shades of red, pink, purple, yellow or white, funnel-shaped, yellow flowers in terminal flowers are borne in mid-summer. Z4–9 to mid-summer. Sets buds and flowers
are borne throughout summer. H9–1. clusters. Z5–7 H7–5. ‘Compactum’, illus. H9–2. intermittently until mid-fall. Prefers
L. purpurea. Upright perennial. H 2–3ft p.372. L. tulipifera (Tulip tree), illus. p.60. alkaline soil. Z8–10 H10–8.
(60cm–1m), S 2ft (60cm). From mid- to late L. ‘Gemmell’s Hybrid’. Semievergreen, ‘Aureomarginatum’, illus. p.65.
summer, racemes of snapdragon-like, domed perennial with a woody rootstock. LITHOPHRAGMA
purplish-blue flowers, touched with white H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Leaves are oval LIRIOPE
at throats, are produced above narrowly and gray-green. In summer, short-stalked, Woodland star
oval, gray-green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Canon broadly funnel-shaped, bright chrome- Lilyturf
J. Went’, illus. p.232. yellow flowers are produced in terminal SAXIFRAGACEAE
L. triornithophora, illus. p.239. clusters. Prefers alkaline soil. Z6–9 H9–5. LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE
L. grandiflorum ‘Rubrum’, illus. p.308. Genus of tuberous perennials, grown for
LINDERA L. narbonense. Clump-forming, short- Genus of evergreen perennials with their campion-like flowers. Is dormant in
lived perennial, best renewed frequently swollen, fleshy rhizomes. Some are grown summer. Tolerates all but deepest shade
LAURACEAE from seed. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in as groundcover. Requires sun and well- and prefers rich, moist soil. Propagate by
(30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish-green drained soil. Propagate by division in seed or division in spring or fall.
Genus of deciduous or evergreen shrubs leaves and heads of somewhat cup-shaped, spring or by seed in fall. L. parviflorum, illus. p.332.
and trees, grown for their foliage, which pale to deep blue flowers in spring– L. graminifolia var. densiflora. See
is often aromatic, and their fall color. Fruits summer. Z7–9 H9–7. L. muscari. LITHOPS
are produced on female plants if male L. perenne, illus. p.342. L. muscari, syn. L. graminifolia var.
plants are also grown. Needs partial shade L. salsoloides. See L. suffruticosum densiflora, L. platyphylla, illus. p.280. Living stones, Stone plant
and moist, acid soil. Propagate by softwood subsp. salsoloides. ‘Majestic’ is an evergreen, spreading,
L. suffruticosum subsp. salsoloides, rhizomatous perennial. H 12in (30cm), AIZOACEAE
L cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. syn. L. salsoloides. Perennial with spreading, S 18in (45cm). In late fall produces spikes
sometimes woody-based stems. H 2–8in of thickly clustered, rounded-bell-shaped, Genus of prostrate, egg-shaped, perennial
L. benzoin, illus. p.127. (5–20cm), S 3in (8cm). Slender stems violet flowers among linear, glossy, green succulents, grown for their almost united
L. obtusiloba (Japanese spicebush). produce fine, heather-like, gray-green leaves leaves. Z6–10 H12–1. pairs of swollen, erect leaves that are
Deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). and, in summer, a succession of short-lived, L. platyphylla. See L. muscari. separated on upper surface by a fissure
Has 3-lobed, aromatic, glossy, dark green saucer-shaped, pearl-white flowers, flushed L. spicata. Evergreen, spreading, from which a solitary, daisylike flower
leaves, becoming butter-yellow in fall. blue or pink, in terminal clusters. Z5–8 H8–5. rhizomatous perennial. H 12in (30cm), emerges. Each pair of old leaves splits and
Clusters of small, star-shaped, deep yellow S 12–16in (30–40cm). Grasslike, glossy, dries away to papery skin in spring to
flowers, borne on bare shoots from early Lippia citriodora. See Aloysia triphylla. dark green leaves make good groundcover. reveal a pair of new leaves growing at
to mid-spring, are followed by small, Produces spikes of rounded-bell-shaped, right angles to old ones. Slowly forms
spherical, black fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. LIQUIDAMBAR pale lavender flowers in late summer. clumps after 3–5 years. Needs full sun
Z6–11 H12–1. and extremely well-drained soil or gritty
LINDHEIMERA Sweetgum compost. Water regularly in growing
Lisianthus russellianus. See Eustoma season (mid-summer to early fall), not at
Star daisy HAMAMELIDACEAE/ALTINGIACEAE grandiflorum. all in winter. Propagate by seed in spring
or summer.
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE Genus of deciduous trees, with LITHOCARPUS L. aucampiae. Egg-shaped, perennial
inconspicuous flowers, grown for their succulent. H 1/2in (1cm), S 11/4in (3cm). Pairs
Genus of late summer- and early fall- maple-like foliage and fall color. Requires FAGACEAE of brown leaves have flat, upper surfaces
flowering annuals. Needs sun and fertile, sun or partial shade and fertile, moist but bearing darker marks. Produces solitary,
well-drained soil. Propagate by seed sown well-drained soil; grows poorly on shallow, Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their yellow flower in late summer or early fall.
under glass in early spring or outdoors in chalky soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings foliage. Needs sun or partial shade and Z12–15 H12–10.
late spring. in summer or by seed in fall. prefers well-drained, neutral to acid soil. L. ‘Bella’. See L. karasmontana subsp.
L. texana (Star daisy). Moderately fast- L. formosana, syn. L. monticola. Shelter from strong winds. Propagate by bella.
growing, erect, branching annual. Deciduous, broadly conical tree. H 40ft seed, when ripe, in fall. L. bromfieldii. Egg-shaped, perennial
H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has (12m), S 30ft (10m). Has large, 3-lobed, L. densiflorus (Tanbark oak). Evergreen, succulent. H 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm), S 3/4in (2cm).
hairy stems and oval, serrated, hairy leaves. toothed leaves, purple when young, dark spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has Slightly convex, upper surfaces of paired,
Daisylike, yellow flower heads are produced green in summer and turning orange, red sweet chestnut-like, leathery, glossy, dark brown leaves have dark green windows
in late summer and early fall. H12–7. and purple in fall. Z7–9 H9–7. green leaves and upright, pale yellow and red dots and lines. Produces solitary,
L. monticola. See L. formosana. flower spikes borne in spring and often yellow flower in late summer or early fall.
624 LINNAEA L. orientalis (Oriental sweetgum). Slow- again in fall. Z8–10 H10–8. L. dorotheae, illus. p.491.
growing, deciduous, bushy tree. H 20ft L. henryi, illus. p.93. L. fulleri. Egg-shaped, perennial
Twinflower (6m), S 12ft (4m). Small, 5-lobed, mid-green succulent. H and S 3/4in (2cm). Pairs of
leaves turn vivid orange in fall. Z7–9 H9–7. LITHODORA leaves are dove-gray to brown-yellow.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE L. styraciflua (Sweet gum), illus. p.65. Convex, upper surfaces have sunken,
‘Lane Roberts’ is a deciduous, broadly BORAGINACEAE darker marks. In late summer or early
Genus of one species of evergreen, conical to spreading tree. H 80ft (25m), fall bears solitary, white flower. Z12–15
creeping, summer-flowering, subshrubby S 40ft (12m). Shoots usually have corky Genus of evergreen subshrubs and shrubs, H12–10.
perennial that makes an extensive, twiggy ridges. Glossy, green leaves, each with 5 grown for their flowers. Is excellent in rock L. hookeri. See L. turbiniformis.
mat. Is useful as groundcover on peat beds lobes, turn deep reddish-purple in fall. Z6–9 gardens. Needs full sun and moist, well- L. julii. Egg-shaped, perennial succulent.
and rock gardens. Requires partial shade H9–6. drained soil; some species are limestone H 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm), S 2in (5cm). Has paired,
and moist, peaty, acid soil. Propagate by haters and require acid conditions. Resents
rooted runners in spring, by softwood root disturbance. Propagate by semiripe
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
L. borealis, illus. p.363.

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pearl- to pink-gray leaves, each with a less than 73°F (23°C). Red spider mite may Series ‘Waterfall Light Lavender’, Propagate by seed in spring or by
slightly convex, darker-marked, upper be a nuisance on container plants. illus. p.311. softwood or semiripe cuttings in summer.
surface. In late summer or fall produces L. australis (Australian fan palm, Cabbage L. fulgens. See L. cardinalis. L. procumbens, illus. p.364.
solitary, white flower. Z12–15 H12–10. palm). Slow-growing, evergreen palm with L. x gerardii ‘Vedrariensis’. See
L. karasmontana, illus. p.481. subsp. a fairly slender trunk. H 50–70ft (15–20m), L. x speciosa ‘Vedrariensis’. LOMATIA
bella, syn. L. ‘Bella’ is an egg-shaped, S 10–20ft (3–6m). Has fan-shaped leaves, L. pedunculata, syn. Pratia pendunculata.
perennial succulent. H 3⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm), 4–8ft (1.2–2.5m) wide, divided into narrow, ‘County Park’ is a vigorous, evergreen, PROTEACEAE
S 5⁄8in (1.5cm). Has pairs of brown to slender-pointed, glossy, green leaflets. Leaf creeping perennial. H 1/2in (1cm),
brown-yellow leaves with darker marks on stalks are spiny. Z11–10 H12–10. S indefinite. Has small, rounded to oval Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
convex, upper surfaces. Produces solitary, L. chinensis, illus. p.451. leaves and, in summer, a profusion of star- grown for their foliage and flowers, which
white flower in late summer or early fall. shaped, rich violet-blue flowers. Makes have 4 narrow, twisted petals. Often best
Z12–15 H12–10. LLOYDIA good groundcover. in a cool greenhouse. Requires sun or
L. lesliei. Egg-shaped, perennial L. siphilitica, illus. p.441. partial shade and moist but well-drained,
succulent. H 1⁄2in (1cm), S 3⁄4in (2cm). Is LILIACEAE L. x speciosa ‘Vedrariensis’, syn. acid soil. Propagate by softwood or
similar to L. aucampiae, but upper leaf L. x gerardii ‘Vedrariensis’, L. ‘Vedrariensis’. semiripe cuttings in summer.
surfaces are convex. Z12–15 H12–10. var. Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, Clump-forming perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft L. ferruginea. Evergreen, upright shrub
albinica, illus. p.491. grown for their small, graceful, bell-shaped (30cm). In late summer produces racemes or tree. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Sturdy,
L. marmorata, illus. p.489. flowers. Is not easy to grow. Requires of 2-lipped, purple flowers. Has lance- brown-felted shoots bear oblong to oval,
L. olivacea. Egg-shaped, perennial partial shade and well-drained, peaty soil; shaped, dark green leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. dark green leaves, deeply cut into 6–15
succulent. H and S 3/4in (2cm). Paired, dark provide plenty of moisture in summer L. splendens. See L. cardinalis. oblong lobes. Racemes of yellow-and-red
olive-green leaves have darker windows on but, preferably, keep fairly dry in winter. L. tupa. Clump-forming perennial. H 5–6ft flowers are borne in mid-summer. Thrives
convex, upper surfaces. Yellow flower is Propagate by seed in spring. (1.5–2m), S 3ft (1m). Bears large spikes of outside only in mild, moist areas. Z11
borne in late summer or early fall. Z12–15 L. graeca. See Gagea graeca. 2-lipped, vivid brick-red flowers, in late H12–8.
H12–10. L. serotina (Alp lily). Early summer- summer, above narrowly oval, hairy, light L. silaifolia, illus. p.151.
L. otzeniana. Egg-shaped, perennial flowering bulb. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 1–2in green leaves. Performs best in a sheltered,
succulent. H 11/4in (3cm), S 3/4in (2cm). (2.5–5cm). Has wiry stems bearing sunny site with well-drained soil. Z8–10 LONICERA L
Paired, gray-violet leaves each have a scattered, threadlike, semierect leaves near H10–8.
convex, upper surface with a light border stem base. Bears 1 or 2 bell-shaped, white L. ‘Vedrariensis’. See L. x speciosa Honeysuckle 625
and large, semitranslucent windows. In late flowers, 1/2–5/8in (1–1.5cm) long, with purple ‘Vedrariensis’.
summer or early fall bears solitary, yellow or purple-red veins. Z6–9 H9–6. L. ‘Will Scarlet’. Clump-forming CAPRIFOLIACEAE
flower. Z12–15 H12–10. perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Racemes
L. pseudotruncatella. Egg-shaped, LOBELIA of 2-lipped, bright red flowers are borne in Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
perennial succulent. H 11⁄4 (3cm), S 11⁄2in summer. Lance-shaped leaves are coppery- evergreen shrubs and woody-stemmed,
(4cm). Bears pairs of pale gray or blue to CAMPANULACEAE green. Z4–8 H8–1. twining climbers, grown mainly for their
lilac leaves with darker marks on convex, flowers, which are often fragrant. Flowers
upper surfaces. Fissure reaches from side Genus of annuals, perennials and Lobivia aurea. See Echinopsis aurea. are tubular, with spreading, 2-lipped petal
to side only on mature plants. Has solitary, deciduous or evergreen shrubs, grown Lobivia backebergii. See Echinopsis lobes. Climbers may be trained into large
yellow flower in late summer or early fall. for their flowers. Some are suitable for wild backebergii. shrubs. Needs sun or partial shade and
Z12–15 H12–10. subsp. dendritica, illus. gardens or by the waterside. Prefers sun Lobivia cinnabarina. See Echinopsis fertile, well-drained soil. Prune out
p.495. and moist but well-drained soil. Resents cinnabarina. flowered wood of climbers after flowering.
L. schwantesii, illus. p.495. wet conditions in winter; in cold areas, Lobivia cylindrica. See Echinopsis aurea. Prune shrubs only to remove dead shoots
L. turbiniformis, syn. L. hookeri. Egg- some perennials and shrubs are therefore Lobivia haageana. See Echinopsis or restrain growth. Propagate by seed in
shaped, perennial succulent. H 11/2in (4cm), best lifted in fall and placed in well-drained marsoneri. fall or spring, by semiripe cuttings in
S 3/4in (2cm). Has a flattish, upper surface compost in frames. Propagate annuals by Lobivia pentlandii. See Echinopsis summer or by hardwood cuttings in late
with, usually, sunken, dark brown marks on seed in spring, perennial species by seed pentlandii.
paired, brown leaves. Has solitary, yellow or division in spring, perennial cultivars Lobivia pygmaea. See Rebutia pygmaea. fall. Aphids may be a problem. T The
flower in late summer or early fall. Z12–15 by division only, and shrubs by semiripe Lobivia silvestrii. See Echinopsis
H12–10. chamaecereus. berries may cause mild stomach upset if
cuttings in summer. T Contact with the ingested. See also feature panel p.207.
Lithospermum diffusum. See LOBULARIA L. x americana, syn. L. x italica, illus.
Lithodora diffusa. milky sap of some species may irritate skin. p.206.
Lithospermum oleifolium. See L. angulata, syn. Pratia angulata. Sweet alyssum L. x brownii (Scarlet trumpet
Lithodora oleifolia. Evergreen, creeping perennial. H 1/2in honeysuckle). Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Dropmore
Lithospermum zahnii. See Lithodora (1cm), S indefinite. Bears small, broadly CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE Scarlet’ is a deciduous, woody-stemmed,
zahnii. oval, dark green leaves. Star-shaped, white twining climber. H to 12ft (4m). Has oval,
Litsea glauca. See Neolitsea sericea. flowers, with 5 unevenly spaced petals, are Genus of summer- and early fall-flowering blue-green leaves. Small, fragrant, red
borne in leaf axils in late spring and are annuals. Is ideal for containers and edging. flowers, with orange throats, are borne
LITTONIA followed by globose, purplish-red fruits Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. throughout summer.
in fall. Z6–10 H10–6. Deadhead to encourage continuous L. etrusca (Etruscan honeysuckle).
COLCHICACEAE L. cardinalis, syn. L. fulgens, L. splendens, flowering. Propagate by seed sown under Deciduous or semievergreen, woody-
illus. p.439. ‘Queen Victoria’, illus. p.248. glass in spring, or outdoors in late spring. stemmed, twining climber. H to 12ft (4m).
Genus of deciduous, perennial, scandent, L. ‘Cherry Ripe’, illus. p.439. May self-seed. Oval, mid-green leaves are blue-green
tuberous climbers, grown for their L. ‘Dark Crusader’. Clump-forming L. Maritima, syn. Alyssum maritimum beneath, the upper ones united into cups.
pendent, bell-shaped flowers in summer. perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 9in (23cm). From (Sweet alyssum). Fast-growing, spreading Fragrant, long-tubed, pale yellow flowers,
Requires full sun and rich, well-drained mid- to late summer bears racemes of annual. H 3–6in (8–15cm), S 8–12in borne in summer–fall, turn deeper yellow
soil. Provide support. Dies down in winter; 2-lipped, dark red flowers above lance- (20–30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish- and become red-flushed with age. Needs
lift and dry off tubers and store in a frost- shaped, fresh green or red-bronze leaves. green leaves. Rounded heads of tiny, sun. ‘Michael Rosse’ (illus. p.207) has
free place. Propagate by seed in spring; Z4–8 H8–1. scented, 4-petaled, white flowers are glaucous leaves and pale yellow flowers
tubers sometimes will divide naturally. L. erinus. ‘Blue Ball’, illus. p.315. ‘Blue produced in summer and early fall. Z10–11 that deepen in color as they mature. Z7–9
L. modesta, illus. p.395. Cascade’ Slow-growing, pendulous, H12–1. ‘Carpet of Snow’, H to 4in (10cm), H9–4. ‘Superba’ (illus. p.207) is very
spreading annual, occasionally perennial. is a ground-hugging, loosely branched and vigorous and has red-flushed young shoots
LIVISTONA H 4–8in (10–20cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). Oval has white flowers. ‘Rosie O’Day’, illus. and bright red and white flowers that turn
to lance-shaped leaves are pale green. p.304. ‘Snow Crystals’, illus. p.298. orange-yellow as they age. Z7–9 H9–4.
ARECACEAE Small, 2-lipped, pale blue flowers are L. fragrantissima (Winter honeysuckle).
produced continuously in summer and LOISELEURIA Deciduous or semievergreen, bushy,
Genus of evergreen palms, grown for early fall. ‘Cambridge Blue’ is compact spreading shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 12ft (4m).
their overall appearance. Has clusters of and has blue flowers. ‘Colour Cascade’ Alpine azalea, Trailing azalea Bears oval, dark green leaves. Fragrant,
insignificant flowers in summer. Needs full has flowers in a mixture of colors, such as short-tubed, creamy-white flowers are
light or partial shade and fertile, well- blue, red, pink, mauve or white. ‘Crystal ERICACEAE produced in winter and early spring. Z4–8
drained soil, ideally neutral to acid. Water Palace’, illus. p.315. ‘Red Cascade’ H8–3.
container specimens moderately, less in produces white-eyed, purple-red flowers. Genus of one species of evergreen, L. ‘Gold Flame’. See L. x heckrottii ‘Gold
winter. Propagate by seed in spring at not ‘Sapphire’, illus. p.314. Waterfall Series creeping, prostrate shrub, grown for its Flame’.
‘Waterfall Blue’, illus. p.314; Waterfall flowers. Requires full light and rich, well- L. x heckrottii. Deciduous or
drained, acid soil. Is difficult to grow. semievergreen, twining climber. H 15ft

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L (5m). Oval, dark green leaves are blue- white inside. ‘Sweet Sue’ bears very drained soil. Is very prone to rotting, LUCULIA
green beneath, the upper pairs united. fragrant, creamy-white flowers that mature so water lightly from spring to fall.
626 Bears terminal whorls of fragrant, pink to yellow. Propagate by seed in spring or summer. RUBIACEAE
flowers, orange-yellow inside, in summer, L. pileata, illus. p.167. L. echinata. See L. williamsii.
sometimes followed by red berries. Z6–9 L. x purpusii, illus. p.163. ‘Winter L. lutea. See L. williamsii. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
H9–6. ‘Gold Flame’, syn. L. ‘Gold Flame’ Beauty’ is a semievergreen, bushy, dense L. williamsii, syn. L. echinata, L. lutea, flowers and foliage. Needs full light or
is deciduous, and requires support. Has shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 8ft (2.5m). Has red- illus. p.492. partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
oblong or oval leaves, bluish beneath, purple shoots and oval, dark green leaves. Water container specimens freely when
upper ones joined into shallow cups. Freely bears very fragrant, white flowers LOPHOSPERMUM in full growth, moderately at other times.
Produces orange-throated, pink flowers. on bare, leafless stems in winter and early Cut back flowered stems hard in spring,
L. henryi, illus. p.207. Evergreen or spring. Z7–9 H9–7. SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE if container-grown. Propagate by seed in
semievergreen, woody-stemmed, twining L. sempervirens (Coral honeysuckle, spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer.
climber. H to 30ft (10m). Narrowly oval, Trumpet honeysuckle), illus. p.207. Genus of deciduous and evergreen, L. grandifolia. Evergreen, rounded to
dark green leaves are paler beneath. Evergreen or deciduous, woody-stemmed, perennial climbers and shrubs, grown for upright, robust shrub. H and S 10–20ft
Terminal clusters of long-tubed, red-purple twining climber. H to 12ft (4m). Has oval their tubular to funnel-shaped flowers and (3–6m). Oval, green leaves have red veins
flowers are produced in summer–fall, leaves, upper ones united and saucer-like, triangular to rounded leaves. Needs sun and stalks. Fragrant, tubular, white flowers,
followed by black berries. Z3–8 H8–1. and salmon-red to orange flowers, yellow and moist but well-drained soil. Propagate 21/2in (6cm) long, with 5 rounded petal
L. hildebrandiana (Giant Burmese inside, in whorls on shoot tips in summer. by seed in spring or semiripe cuttings in lobes, are borne in terminal clusters in
honeysuckle). Evergreen or semievergreen, Z4–9 H9–1. late summer. summer. Z7–9 H9–7.
woody-stemmed, twining climber. H to 70ft L. standishii. Evergreen, bushy shrub. L. erubescens, syn. Asarina erubescens,
(20m). Oval or rounded, mid-green leaves H and S 6ft (2m). Has peeling bark, oblong, Maurandya erubescens, illus. p.460. LUETKEA
are paler beneath. Long-tubed, white or bristly, dark green leaves and, in winter,
cream flowers, aging to creamy-orange or fragrant, short-tubed, creamy-white LOPHOSTEMON ROSACEAE
brownish-yellow, are produced in pairs in flowers. Z5–8 H8–4.
leaf axils or at shoot tips in summer. Needs L. tatarica (Tatarian honeysuckle), illus. MYRTACEAE Genus of one species of deciduous subshrub,
full sun. Z6–8 H8–6. p.133. ‘Hack’s Red’ is a deciduous, bushy grown for its fluffy flower heads. Is suitable
L. x italica of gardens. See L. x americana. shrub. H and S 8ft (2.5m). Produces short- Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, for banks and rock gardens. Requires shade
L. japonica (Japanese honeysuckle). tubed, deep pink flowers in late spring and grown for their overall appearance when and well-drained but not too dry soil.
Vigorous, evergreen or semievergreen, early summer, followed by spherical, red mature and for shade. Is related to Tristania Propagate by division or seed in spring.
twining climber. H to 30ft (10m). Has soft- fruits. Leaves are oval and dark green. and Eucalyptus. Needs sun or partial shade L. pectinata. Deciduous, spreading,
hairy, woody stems and ovate, sometimes Z3–9 H9–1. and fertile, well-drained soil. Other than decumbent subshrub. H to 12in (30cm),
lobed, dark green leaves. In summer and L. x tellmanniana. Deciduous, woody- shaping plants in winter, pruning is seldom S 8in (20cm). Stems are clothed in finely
early fall produces fragrant, long-tubed, stemmed, twining climber. H to 15ft (5m). necessary. Propagate by seed in spring or dissected, very dark green leaves. In
2-lipped, white flowers that turn yellow as Has oval leaves; the upper ones are joined by semiripe cuttings in summer. summer has terminal racemes of small,
they mature. Is ideal for hiding an unsightly and resemble saucers. Bright yellow-orange L. confertus, syn. Tristania conferta fluffy, off-white flower heads.
fence, shed or wall and also good as flowers are produced in clusters from late (Brush box). Fast-growing, evergreen,
groundcover although requires control spring to mid-summer. Z7–9 H9–7. round-headed tree. H and S 50–130ft LUMA
if space is limited. ‘Aureoreticulata’ (illus. L. tragophylla. Deciduous, woody- (15–40m). Produces lance-shaped, leathery,
p.207) has bright green leaves with bright stemmed, twining climber. H 15–20ft lustrous leaves. In spring bears white MYRTACEAE
yellow veining. Z4–10 H10–1. ‘Halliana’ (5–6m). Oval leaves are bluish-green, the flowers with prominent, feathery stamen
has very fragrant, white flowers, aging to uppermost pair united into a cup. Produces bundles. ‘Perth Gold’ has bright green Genus of evergreen shrubs and small trees,
pale yellow. Z4–11 H12–1. clusters of up to 20 long-tubed, bright leaves strongly variegated yellow. grown for their aromatic leaves and cup-
L. ledebourii, illus. p.136. yellow flowers in early summer. Z6–9 H9–6. shaped, white flowers. Needs sun or partial
L. maackii (Amur honeysuckle). Vigorous, L. x xylosteoides ‘Clavey’s Dwarf’. LOROPETALUM shade and fertile, ideally rich, well-drained
deciduous, bushy shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Deciduous, upright, dense shrub. H 6ft (2m), soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by
Leaves are oval and dark green. Fragrant, S 3ft (1m). Leaves are oval and gray-green. HAMAMELIDACEAE semiripe cuttings in late summer. See also
short-tubed, white, later yellow flowers, Bears short-tubed, pink flowers in late feature panel p.78.
in early summer, are followed by spherical, spring, then spherical, red fruits. Z4–9 H9–1. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their L. apiculata, syn. Myrceugenia apiculata,
bright red fruits. Z2–8 H9–4. L. xylosteum, illus. p.131. flowers. Requires full light or partial shade Myrtus apiculata, Amomyrtus luma,
L. morrowii. Deciduous, spreading shrub and rich, well-drained, neutral to acid soil. Myrtus luma, illus. p.78. Strong-growing,
with arching branches. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft Lophocereus schottii. See Pachycereus Water container plants freely when in full evergreen shrub. H and S 30–50ft (10–15m).
(3m). Has oval, dark green leaves and, in schottii. growth, moderately at other times. Has peeling, golden-brown and gray-white
late spring and early summer, small, short- Propagate by layering or seed in spring or bark and cup-shaped, white flowers amid
tubed, creamy-white flowers that age to LOPHOMYRTUS by semiripe cuttings in late summer. broadly elliptic, aromatic, glossy, dark
yellow. Z4–9 H9–4. L. chinense. Evergreen, rounded, well- green leaves from mid-summer to mid-fall.
L. nitida (Boxleaf honeysuckle). MYRTACEAE branched shrub. H and S 4ft (1.2m). Z9–11 H11–10. ‘Glanleam Gold’, H and
Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 6ft (2m), Asymmetrically oval leaves are deep green. S 30ft (10m), has sturdy stems, peeling,
S 10ft (3m). Leaves are small, oval, glossy Genus of evergreen shrubs or small trees, White flowers, each with 4 strap-shaped brown-and-white bark and bright green
and dark green. Tiny, fragrant, short-tubed, grown for their flowers, foliage and fruit. petals, are borne in tufted, terminal leaves edged with creamy-yellow. Z9–10
creamy-white flowers, in late spring, are Needs partial shade and fertile, rich, moist clusters, mainly in winter–spring. Z8–9 H10–9.
followed by small, spherical, purple fruits. but well-drained soil. Propagate by seed H9–8. L. chequen, syn. Myrtus chequen. Strong-
Is good for hedging. Z6–9 H9–5. sown as soon as ripe or by semiripe growing, evergreen, upright shrub or small
‘Baggesen’s Gold’, illus. p.167. ‘Yunnan’ cuttings in summer. LOTUS tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has broadly
is more upright, has sturdier shoots and L. bullata, syn. Myrtus bullata. Evergreen, ovate, wavy-margined, aromatic, dark
larger leaves and flowers more freely. upright shrub. H 15ft (5m), S 10ft (3m). LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE green leaves. In late summer and early fall
L. periclymenum (Common honeysuckle, Rounded, puckered leaves, bronze-purple bears cup-shaped, white flowers singly or
Woodbine). Vigorous, deciduous, twining when young, mature to glossy dark green. Genus of summer-flowering perennials, in small clusters followed by black berries.
or scrambling climber. H 20–22ft (6–7m). Produces saucer-shaped, white flowers in some of which are semievergreen, and Z9–10 H10–9.
Has ovate to oblong, mid-green leaves, late spring and early summer, then egg- evergreen subshrubs, grown for their
grayish-green beneath. From early summer shaped, black-red fruits. Z10–15 H 12–10. foliage and flowers. Prefers sun and well- LUNARIA
to early fall produces terminal clusters of drained soil. Propagate by softwood
very fragrant, long-tubed, 2-lipped, purple- LOPHOPHORA cuttings from early to mid-summer or Honesty
red and/or yellow flowers, with creamy- by seed in fall or spring.
white to white insides. Z5–9 H9–5. Peyote L. berthelotii (Coral gem), illus. p.306. CRUCIFERAE/BRASSIACEAE
‘Graham Thomas’ has mid-green leaves L. hirsutus syn. Dorycnium hirsutum
that are bluish beneath and white flowers, CACTACEAE (Hairy canary clover). Deciduous, upright Genus of biennials and perennials, grown
which age to yellow. ‘Red Gables’ (illus. subshrub. H and S 24in (60cm). Bears for their flowers and silvery seed pods.
p.207) ‘Serotina’ (Late Dutch honeysuckle, Genus of very slow-growing, perennial silvery-gray leaves divided into 3 oval Prefers partial shade and well-drained soil.
illus. p.207, has rich red-purple flowers, cacti that resemble small, blue dumplings, leaflets. Dense clusters of pealike, pink- Propagate perennials by seed in fall or
with up to 10 ribs, each separated by an tinged, white flowers in summer and early spring or by division in spring, biennials
indented line. Has long tap roots. fall are followed by oblong to ovoid, by seed only. Self-seeds prolifically.
Flowering areoles each produce tufts of reddish-brown seed pods. Z6–9 H9–6. L. annua , syn. L. biennis, illus. p.310.
short, white hairs. Needs sun and well- ‘Variegata’, illus. p.306.
L. biennis. See L. annua.

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L. rediviva (Perennial honesty). Rosette- illus. p.288. ‘Marginata’, syn. L. sylvatica their colored or variegated foliage. Is good regularly. Propagate by division in spring
forming perennial. H 24–30in (60–75cm), ‘Aureomarginata’ is a slow-growing, in containers for summer bedding and in or by fresh spores in summer.
S 12in (30cm). Produces racemes of evergreen, spreading, rhizomatous, borders. Needs sun and moist but well- L. japonicum (Japanese climbing fern).
4-petaled, lilac or white flowers in spring, perennial grass. H to 12in (30cm), drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil. Deciduous, climbing fern. H 6ft (2m),
followed by elliptical, silvery seed pods that S indefinite. Produces thick tufts of broad, Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe S indefinite. Mid-green, vegetative fronds
are useful for indoor decoration. Has oval, hairy-edged, mid-green leaves, with white cuttings in summer or early fall. consist of delicate, finger-shaped pinnae;
coarse, often maroon-tinted, mid-green margins. Leafy stems bear terminal, open, L. rantonnetii, syn. Solanum rantonnei, fertile fronds are broader and 3–5 lobed,
leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. brown flower spikes in summer. Tolerates Solanum rantonnetii (Blue potato bush). with a longer, terminal lobe. Z10–11 H12–9.
shade; is suitable for a woodland garden. ‘Royal Robe’, illus. p.310.
LUPINUS Z4–9 H9–4. LYONIA
LYCIUM
Lupine LYCASTE ERICACEAE
SOLANACEAE
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE ORCHIDACEAE Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
Genus of deciduous shrubs, sometimes evergreen shrubs and trees, grown for
Genus of annuals, perennials and See also ORCHIDS. with long, scandent branches, grown for their racemes of urn-shaped flowers.
semievergreen shrubs, grown for their L. cruenta, illus. p.467. Vigorous, their habit, flowers and fruits. Is useful for Needs full or partial shade and moist,
large, imposing racemes of pealike flowers. deciduous, epiphytic orchid for a cool poor, dry soil and coastal gardens. May be peaty, acid soil. Propagate by semiripe
Prefers sun and well-drained soil. Remove greenhouse. H 12in (30cm). Fragrant, grown as a hedge. Prefers full sun and not cuttings in summer.
seed heads of most varieties to prevent self- triangular, green-and-yellow flowers, too rich, well-drained soil. Remove dead L. ligustrina. Deciduous, bushy shrub.
seeding. Propagate species by seed when 2in (5cm) across, are produced singly in wood in winter and cut back to restrict H and S 6ft (2m). Oval, dark green leaves
fresh in fall; selected forms by cuttings spring. Has broadly oval, ribbed, soft growth if necessary. Cut back hedges hard set off dense racemes of white flowers from
from non-flowering sideshoots in spring leaves, to 12in (30cm) long. Grow in in spring. Propagate by softwood cuttings mid- to late summer. Z5–9 H9–5.
or early summer. Aphids can be a problem. partial shade in summer and avoid in summer, by seed in fall or by hardwood L. ovalifolia. Deciduous or semievergreen,
spraying, which can mark leaves. H11–6. cuttings in winter. bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Produces
T The seeds may cause severe discomfort L. barbarum, syn. L. halimifolium red shoots and oval, dark green leaves.
LYCHNIS (Chinese box thorn). Deciduous, arching, Racemes of white flowers are borne in late
if ingested. often spiny shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 15ft (5m). spring and early summer. Z5–9 H9–5.
L. arboreus, illus. p.159. Campion, Catchfly Funnel-shaped, purple or pink flowers, in
L. Band of Nobles Series. Clump- late spring and summer, are followed by LYONOTHAMNUS L
forming perennial. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft CARYOPHYLLACEAE spherical, orange-red berries. Leaves are
(75cm). In early and mid-summer, racemes lance-shaped, bright green or gray-green. ROSACEAE
of flowers in white, yellow, pink, red, Genus of summer-flowering annuals, Z6–9 H9–5.
blue, or bicolors (usually white or yellow biennials and perennials. Requires sun L. halimifolium. See L. barbarum. Genus of one species of evergreen tree,
in combination with another color) arise or partial shade and well-drained soil. grown for its foliage and flowers. Needs
above palmate, deeply divided, mid-green Propagate by division or seed in fall or LYCORIS sun or partial shade, a warm, sheltered
leaves. Z5–8 H8–5. spring. position and fertile, well-drained soil.
L. ‘My Castle’. Clump-forming perennial. L. ‘Abbotswood Rose’. See L. x walkeri AMARYLLIDACEAE Propagate by softwood cuttings in summer
H 3ft (90cm), S 21/2ft (75cm). Bears racemes ‘Abbotswood Rose’. or by seed in fall.
of deep rose-pink flowers above palmate, L. alpina, syn. Viscaria alpina (Alpine Genus of late summer- and early fall- L. floribundus (Catalina ironwood).
deeply divided, mid-green leaves in early campion, Alpine catchfly). Tuft-forming flowering bulbs, grown for their showy Evergreen tree grown only in the form
and mid-summer. Z4–7 H7–1. perennial. H 2–6in (5–15cm), S 4–6in flower heads on leafless stems. In colder subsp. aspleniifolius. This is a slender
L. ‘Noble Maiden’. Clump-forming (10–15cm). Has dense tufts of thick, linear, areas is best grown in pots. Needs sun, tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has rather
perennial. H 3ft (90cm), S 21/2ft (75cm). deep green leaves. In summer, sticky stems well-drained soil and a warm period in stringy, reddish-brown bark and much
In early and mid-summer, racemes of each bear rounded head of pale to deep summer to ripen bulbs so they flower. divided, fernlike, dark green leaves. Large,
creamy-white flowers are produced above pink or, rarely, white flowers with Provide regular liquid feed while in growth. flattened heads of 5-petaled, star-shaped
deeply divided, palmate, mid-green leaves. spreading, frilled petals. Is suitable for a After summer dormancy, water from early white flowers are produced in early
Z4–7 H7–1. rock garden. Z4–7 H7–1. fall until following summer, when foliage summer. Z9–10 H10–9.
L. ‘The Chatelaine’, illus. p.232. L. chalcedonica, illus. p.235. dies away. Propagate by seed when ripe
L. ‘The Page’. Clump-forming perennial. L. coeli-rosa. See Silene coeli-rosa. or in spring or summer or by offsets in LYSICHITON
H 36–39in (90–100cm), S 30in (75cm). Bears L. coronaria, illus. p.268. late summer.
spikes of intense, deep red flowers above L. flos-jovis (Flower of Jove, Flower of L. aurea (Golden spider lily). Late Skunk cabbage
palmate, divided, mid-green, basal leaves Jupiter), illus. p.265. summer- and early fall-flowering bulb.
from early to mid-summer. L. x haageana, syn. L. x haagena. Short- H 12–16in (30–40cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). ARACEAE
lived, clump-forming perennial. H 18in Produces a head of 5 or 6 bright yellow
LURONIUM (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces clusters flowers that have narrow, reflexed petals, Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
of large, 5-petaled, white, orange or red with very wavy margins, and conspicuous water plants and bog plants, grown for
ALISMATACEAE flowers in summer. Oval leaves are mid- stamens. Strap-shaped, semierect, basal their spathes and very large, glossy foliage.
green. Is best raised regularly from seed. leaves are produced after flowering. Z8–10 Prefers full sun, but tolerates partial shade.
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal L. x haagena. See L. x haageana. Z6–8 H8–6. H10–8. Tolerates still and running water. Propagate
water plants and marsh plants, grown L. viscaria. Clump-forming perennial. L. radiata (Red spider lily), illus. p.410. by seed when fresh, in late summer.
for their foliage and flowers. Requires full H 12in (30cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). From L. squamigera (Resurrection lily). Late L. americanum. See L. americanus.
sun and shallow water. Thin plants when early to mid-summer, rather sticky, star- summer- or early fall-flowering bulb. L. americanus, syn. L. americanum, illus.
overcrowded. Propagate in spring by seed shaped, reddish-purple flowers are borne H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm). p.444.
or division. in dense clusters above narrowly oval to Bears a head of 6–8 fragrant, funnel- L. camtschatcensis, illus. p.434.
L. natans, syn. Alisma natans (Floating oblong, dark green leaves. Is suitable for shaped, rose-pink flowers, 4in (10cm) long,
water plantain). Deciduous, perennial, the front of a border or a rock garden. Z3–7 with reflexed petal tips. Strap-shaped, LYSIMACHIA 627
marginal water plant. H 1–2in (2.5–5cm), H3–1. ‘Splendens Plena’, illus. p.265. semierect, basal leaves are produced after
S 12in (30cm). Produces small, elliptic to L. x walkeri ‘Abbotswood Rose’, syn. flowers. Z6–11 H12–6. Loosestrife
lance-shaped, mid-green leaves and, in L. ‘Abbotswood Rose’. Neat, clump-
summer, small, 3-lobed, yellow-spotted, forming perennial. H 12–15in (30–38cm), LYGODIUM PRIMULACEAE
white flowers. Z5–8 H8–5. S 9in (23cm). Has oval, gray leaves and
gray, branching stems that, from mid- to Climbing fern Genus of summer-flowering annuals and
LUZULA late summer, bear sprays of rounded, perennials, suitable for the border or rock
5-petaled, bright rose-pink flowers. SCHIZAEACEAE/LYGODIACEAE gardens. Prefers sun or partial shade and
Woodrush moist but well-drained soil. Propagate by
LYCIANTHES Genus of deciduous or semievergreen, division in spring or by seed in fall.
JUNCACEAE climbing ferns, usually with two kinds of L. clethroides, illus. p.437.
SOLANACEAE fronds: vegetative and fertile. Needs full or L. congestiflora ‘Outback Sunset’,
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES, partial shade and rich, moist, peaty soil. Is illus. p.323.
and SEDGES. Genus of perennials and deciduous, best grown among shrubby plants that can L. ephemerum. Neat, clump-forming
L. maxima. See L. sylvatica. semievergreen or evergreen shrubs, grown provide support. Plants grown under glass perennial. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). Erect,
L. nivea, illus. p.284. for their flowers, and sometimes also for in pots need support. Remove faded fronds terminal racemes of star-shaped, grayish-
L. sylvatica, syn. L. maxima (Greater white flowers are borne on slender stems
woodrush). ‘Aureomarginata’. See in summer, followed by light green seed
L. sylvatica ‘Marginata’. ‘Hohe Tatra’,

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heads. Lance-shaped leaves are leathery M MACLEANIA MACROZAMIA
and glaucous.
L. nummularia (Creeping Jenny). ‘Aurea’, MAACKIA ERICACEAE ZAMIACEAE
illus. p.372.
L. punctata, illus. p.243. LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE Genus of evergreen, spring- to summer- Genus of slow-growing, evergreen shrubs
flowering shrubs and scrambling and small trees, with or without trunks,
LYSIONOTUS Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering climbers, grown mainly for their flowers. grown for their palmlike appearance.
trees, grown for their foliage and flowers. Needs partial shade and rich, well- Mature plants may produce conical, green
GESNERIACEAE Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained drained, neutral to acidic soil. Water flower spikes. Needs full light or partial
Genus of evergreen, creeping, shrubby soil. Propagate by seed in fall. container specimens moderately when shade and well-drained soil. Water
perennials, grown for their relatively M. amurensis, illus. p.85. in full growth, less at other times. Long container plants moderately when in full
large, tubular, inflated, white to pink shoots may be shortened in winter or growth, less at other times. Propagate by
flowers. Requires partial or full shade MACADAMIA after flowering. Propagate by seed in seed in spring.
and rich, moist but well-drained soil. spring, by semiripe cuttings in summer M. corallipes. See M. spiralis.
Propagate by cuttings in summer or by LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE or by layering in fall. M. spiralis, syn. M. corallipes. Evergreen,
seed in spring. M. insignis. Evergreen, scrambling palmlike shrub with a very short, mainly
L. pauciflorus. Evergreen, suckering, Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their climber with erect, sparingly branched, underground trunk. H and S 2–3ft (60cm–
shrubby perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), foliage and fruits. Prefers full light, wandlike stems. H 10ft (3m), S 3–10ft 1m). Has a rosette of deep green leaves,
S 20in (50cm). Erect, woody stems have though some shade is tolerated. Needs (1–3m). Has oval, leathery, deep green each with a spirally twisted midrib and very
ovate, toothed, rigid, leathery, dark green rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water leaves, red-flushed when young. Tubular, narrow, leathery leaflets. Z10–13 H12–10.
leaves, 3/4–11/4in (2–3cm) long, and bear freely while in full growth, moderately waxy, scarlet flowers, with white tips,
tubular, purple-striped, pale lilac flowers at other times. Pruning is not usually hang in clusters in summer. Needs MAGNOLIA
in summer–fall. necessary, but is tolerated in fall. support.
Propagate by seed when ripe, in fall, Magnolia
LYTHRUM or in spring. MACLEAYA
M. integrifolia (Macadamia nut, MAGNOLIACEAE
Loosestrife Queensland nut). Spreading tree. H and Plume poppy
LYTHRACEAE S 50ft (15m). Has whorls of leathery, semi- Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
Genus of summer-flowering perennials that glossy leaves and edible, brown nuts in fall. PAPAVERACEAE evergreen trees and shrubs, grown for
thrive by the waterside and in bog gardens. Produces panicles of small, creamy-yellow their showy, usually fragrant flowers.
Needs sun or partial shade and moist or flowers in spring. Z13–15 H12–11. Genus of summer-flowering perennials, Leaves are mainly oval. Flowers and buds
wet soil. Propagate cultivars by division in grown for their overall appearance. of early-flowering magnolias may be
spring, species by seed or division in MACFADYENA Requires sun and well-drained soil. damaged by late frosts. Needs sun or
spring or fall. Some species have become May spread rapidly. Propagate by partial shade and shelter from strong
noxious weeds in the USA. SYN. DOXANTHA division in early spring or by root winds. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil.
L. salicaria (Purple loosestrife). Cat’s claw vine cuttings in winter. M. delavayi, M. kobus, M. sieboldii and
‘Feuerkerze’, syn. L. salicaria ‘Fire M. cordata, syn. Bocconia cordata M. wilsonii grow on chalky soil. Other
Candle’, illus. p.234. ‘Fire Candle’. See BIGNONIACEAE (Plume poppy). Spreading, clump- species prefer neutral to acidic soil, but will
L. salicaria ‘Feuerkerze’. ‘Robert’ is a forming perennial. H 5ft (1.5m) or more, tolerate alkaline soil if deep and rich. Dry,
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, S 2ft (60cm) or more. Large, rounded, sandy soils should be generously enriched
L clump-forming perennial. H 30in (75cm), tendril climbers, grown for their lobed, gray-green leaves, gray-white with manure and leaf mold before planting.
S 18in (45cm). Produces racemes of foxglove-like flowers. Needs full light beneath, are produced at base of plant Propagate species by semiripe cuttings in
4-petaled, clear pink flowers from mid- and fertile, well-drained soil. Water and up lower parts of stems. Large, summer or by seed, when ripe, in fall,
to late summer. Leaves are mid-green regularly when in full growth, less at feathery panicles of creamy-white selected forms by semiripe cuttings in
and lance-shaped. Z3–9 H9–1. other times. Provide support for stems. flowers are produced in summer. summer or by grafting in winter. See also
L. virgatum (Purple loosestrife). ‘Rose Thin out crowded shoots after flowering Z4–8 H8–1. feature pp.70–71.
Queen’ Clump-forming perennial. H 3ft or in spring. Propagate by semiripe M. microcarpa ‘Kelway’s Coral M. acuminata (Cucumber tree magnolia).
(1m), S 2ft (60cm). Racemes of 4-petaled, cuttings in summer. Plume’, illus. p.216. Vigorous, deciduous tree, conical when
star-shaped, light pink flowers are M. unguis-cati, syn. Bignonia unguis-cati, young, later spreading. H 70ft (20m), S 30ft
produced from mid- to late summer above Doxantha unguis-cati (Common cat’s claw MACLURA (10m). Has fragrant, cup-shaped, bluish-
lance-shaped, hairless, mid-green leaves. vine). Fast-growing, evergreen, woody- green flowers from early to mid-summer
Z4–9 H9–1. ‘The Rocket’, S 11/2ft (45cm), stemmed, tendril climber. H 25–30ft MORACEAE amid large, oval, pale green leaves,
has slender spikes of rose-red flowers. Is (8–10m). Leaves have 2 leaflets and a followed by small, egg-shaped, green, later
good for a waterside or bog garden. Z4–9 tendril. Has yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) Genus of 15 species of evergreen or red fruits. Z4–8 H8–2.
H9–1. long, in late spring or early summer. deciduous trees, shrubs and climbers, M. ‘Ann’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, erect,
Z11–15 H12–10. grown for their foliage and unusual fruits. multi-stemmed tree. H and S to 20ft (6m).
628 Both male and female trees need to be Has oval, deep green leaves. In spring
MACKAYA planted to obtain fruits. Young plants are produces an abundance of fragrant,
susceptible to cold damage. Requires full narrowly goblet-shaped, rich pinkish-red
ACANTHACEAE sun and needs hot summers to thrive in flowers. Z3–8 H8–1.
cold areas. Grows in any but waterlogged M. BLACK TULIP (‘Jurmag1’), illus. p.70.
Genus of one species of evergreen soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in Deciduous, densely branched tree. H to
shrub, grown for its flowers and overall summer, by seed in fall or by root cuttings 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has large, goblet-
appearance. Requires full light or partial in late winter. shaped, deep wine-red flowers borne in
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. M. aurantiaca. See M. pomifera. early spring before the large, oval, mid-
Water container plants freely when in M. pomifera, syn. M. aurantiaca (Osage green leaves unfold.
full growth, moderately at other times. orange). Deciduous, rounded, spreading M. x brooklynensis ‘Yellow Bird’, illus.
Pruning is tolerated in winter if tree. H 50ft (15m), S 40ft (12m). Has spiny p.70. Deciduous, upright, slightly pyramidal
necessary. Propagate by greenwood shoots and oval, dark green leaves that tree. H 40ft (12m), S 20ft (6m). Has oval,
cuttings in spring or by semiripe cuttings turn yellow in fall. Tiny, cup-shaped, yellow mid-green leaves. Goblet-shaped, dark
in summer. flowers in summer are followed on female yellow flowers, sometimes tinted green,
M. bella, syn. Asystasia bella. Evergreen, trees by large, rounded, wrinkled, pale are borne in spring. Z4–8 H8–1.
erect, then spreading, well-branched green fruits. Z5–9 H9–5. M. ‘Butterflies’, illus. p.70. Deciduous,
shrub. H to 5ft (1.5m), S 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m). M. tricuspidata, syn. Cudrania upright tree. H  and S 10ft (3m). Has oval,
Leaves are oval, pointed, glossy and mid- tricuspidata. Deciduous, spreading tree. mid-green leaves. Goblet- to tulip-shaped,
to deep green. Has spikes of tubular, dark- H 22ft (7m), S 20ft (6m). Bears oval, bright deep yellow flowers, in mid-spring,
veined, lavender flowers, each with 5 large, dark green leaves that are sometimes open wide as they mature to reveal orange-
flared petal lobes, from spring to fall. In 3-lobed. Produces small, rounded clusters red stamens. Z4–9 H9–1.
warm conditions, above 55°F (13°C), will of tiny, green flowers in mid-summer. M. campbellii. Deciduous tree, upright
flower into winter. Z9–11 H12–9. Z5–9 H9–5. when young, later spreading. H 50ft (15m),
S 30ft (10m). Large, slightly fragrant, cup-
Macrotomia echioides. See Arnebia and-saucer-shaped, pale to deep pink
pulchra.

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flowers are borne on leafless branches leaves. Z7–9 H9–1. ‘Exmouth’ (illus. p.70) dark purple-pink buds in mid-spring. Leaves cup-shaped, creamy-white flowers, with M
from late winter to mid-spring on trees produces creamy-white flowers and are broadly oval and mid-green. Z6–9 H9–6. narrow petals, in late spring and early
15–20 years old or more. Leaves are narrow, leathery leaves. ‘Ferruginea’ M. salicifolia (Anise magnolia, Willow- summer. Z5–9 H9–5. 629
large, oval and mid-green. Z7–9 H9–7. produces dark green leaves that are rust- leaved magnolia). Deciduous, conical tree. M. x veitchii ‘Peter Veitch’. Fast-
‘Charles Raffill’ bears purplish-pink brown beneath. Z8–9 H9–8. H 30ft (10m), S 15ft (5m). Has aromatic, oval growing, deciduous, spreading tree.
flowers. ‘Darjeeling’ has very deep pink M. ‘Heaven Scent’, illus. p.72. leaves, mid-green above, gray-white H 60ft (20m), S 50ft (15m). Produces large,
flowers. ‘Kew’s Surprise’ produces M. heptapeta. See M. denudata. beneath. Fragrant, star-shaped, pure white fragrant, goblet-shaped, pale pink and
deep purplish-pink flowers. subsp. M. hypoleuca. See M. obovata. flowers are produced in mid-spring before white flowers in mid-spring, before dark
mollicomata (illus. p.70) has lilac-pink M. insignis. See Manglietia insignis. foliage emerges. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Wada’s green leaves emerge. Usually flowers
flowers slightly earlier in year. M. x kewensis ‘Wada’s Memory’. See Memory’, syn. M. x kewensis ‘Wada’s within 10 years of planting. Z7–9 H9–7.
M. ‘Charles Coates’. Deciduous, M. salicifolia ‘Wada’s Memory’. Memory’ has dark green foliage and a M. virginiana (Sweetbay magnolia).
rounded, open, spreading tree. H 70ft M. kobus. Deciduous, broadly conical profusion of large flowers borne from mid- Deciduous or semievergreen, conical shrub
(19m), S 25ft (8m). Extremely fragrant, tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Bears a to late spring. or tree. H 28ft (9m), S 20ft (6m). Has very
saucer-shaped, creamy-white flowers, with profusion of fragrant, cup-and-saucer- M. sargentiana. Deciduous, broadly fragrant, cup-shaped, creamy-white
conspicuous, red stamens, are produced in shaped, pure white flowers, in mid-spring, conical tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). flowers from early summer to early fall.
late spring and early summer amid large, before small, slightly aromatic, dark green Large, fragrant, narrowly bowl-shaped, Oblong, glossy, mid- to dark green leaves
light green leaves. Z6–9 H9–8. leaves are produced. Z5–9 H9–5. many-petaled flowers, white inside, are bluish-white beneath. Z6–9 H9–6.
M. cylindrica. Deciduous, spreading tree M. liliiflora, syn. M. quinquepeta (Lily- purplish-pink outside, are borne from mid- M. ‘Vulcan’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, open-
or large shrub. H and S 15ft (5m). Fragrant, flowered magnolia). Deciduous, bushy to late spring, before oval, dark green branched tree. H 20ft (6m), S 13ft (4m). Has
goblet- to cup-shaped, creamy-white shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Fragrant, leaves emerge. Z7–9 H9–7. oval, mid-green leaves. In spring bears
flowers are produced in mid-spring, after upright, goblet-shaped, purplish-pink M. sieboldii (Oyama magnolia). large, cup- to goblet-shaped, erect, deep
which young leaves turn dark green. flowers are borne amid oval, very dark Deciduous, arching shrub or wide- wine-red flowers, with outward curved
Z6–9 H9–6. green leaves from mid-spring to mid- spreading tree. H 25ft (8m), S 40ft (12m). petals. Flowers from a young age.
M. cylindrica of gardens. See M. ‘Pegasus’. summer. Z4–9 H9–1. ‘Nigra’ (illus. p.70) Fragrant, cup-shaped, white flowers, with M. x watsonii. See M. x wieseneri.
M. dawsoniana. Deciduous tree or shrub, has large, deep purple flowers. crimson anthers, are produced above oval, M. x wieseneri, syn. M. x watsonii, illus.
with a broadly oval head. H 50ft (15m), M. x loebneri. ‘Merrill’ has funnel- dark green leaves from late spring to late p.70. Deciduous, spreading, open tree or
S 30ft (10m). In early spring, large, fragrant, shaped, white flowers. ‘Leonard Messel’ summer. Z6–9 H9–6. subsp. sinensis, syn. shrub. H  25ft (8m), S  15ft (5m). Rounded,
pendent, open cup-shaped, pale lilac-pink (illus. p.70) Deciduous, upright shrub or M. sinensis has slightly larger, fully pendent white buds open in late spring to early
flowers are borne profusely on older small tree. H 25ft (8m), S 20ft (6m). In mid- flowers and more rounded, oval leaves. summer to fragrant, bowl-shaped, creamy-
plants (20 years from seed, 10 years from spring, fragrant, star-shaped flowers with M. sinensis. See M. sieboldii subsp. white flowers, flushed pink outside and
grafting). Leaves are oval, leathery and many pale lilac-pink petals are produced sinensis. with crimson stamens. Z7–9 H9–7.
deep green. Z7–9 H9–7. before and after oval, deep green leaves M. x soulangeana (Saucer magnolia). M. wilsonii, illus. p.70. Deciduous,
M. delavayi. Evergreen, rounded, dense emerge. Z5–9 H9–5. Z5–9 H8–7. ‘Alba’. See M. x soulangeana spreading tree or shrub. H 25ft (8m), S 22ft
shrub or tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Large, M. macrophylla (Bigleaf magnolia). ‘Alba Superba’. ‘Alba Superba’, syn. (7m). In late spring and early summer,
slightly fragrant, bowl-shaped, parchment- Deciduous, broadly upright tree, M. x soulangeana ‘Alba’ is a deciduous, fragrant, cup-shaped, white flowers, with
white flowers are short-lived and open becoming rounded with age. H and S 30ft rounded, spreading shrub or small tree. crimson stamens, hang from arching
intermittently from mid-summer to early (10m). Produces sturdy, blue-gray shoots H and S 20ft (6m). Bears large, fragrant, branches amid narrow, dark green leaves.
fall. Large, oval leaves are deep blue-green and very large, oval, bright green leaves. tulip-like, white flowers, faintly flushed Z7–9 H9–7.
above and bluish-white beneath. Z8–9 H9–8. Large, fragrant, bowl-shaped, with pink at bases, from mid- to early
M. denudata, syn. M. heptapeta (Lily tree, parchment-white flowers are borne in spring, the first before mid- to dark green x MAHOBERBERIS
Yulan). Deciduous, rounded, bushy shrub early summer. Z6–9 H9–6. leaves emerge. Z6–9 H9–6. ‘Brozzonii’,
or spreading tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Has M. ‘Manchu Fan’. Vigorous, deciduous H 25ft (8m), is treelike, with large, purple- BERBERIDACEAE
masses of fragrant, cup-shaped, white shrub or tree. H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). In flushed, white flowers. Z6–9 H9–6.
flowers, from mid- to late spring, before late spring has large, goblet-shaped, ‘Etienne Soulange-Bodin’ bears purple- Hybrid genus (Berberis x Mahonia) of
oval, mid-green leaves are produced. Z6–9 creamy-white flowers with usually 9 petals, flushed, white flowers. Flowers of ‘Lennei’ evergreen shrubs, grown for their foliage,
H9–6. the inner ones flushed purple-pink at base. are large, goblet-shaped and deep rose- flowers and botanical interest. Needs sun
M. doltsopa. See Michelia doltsopa. Leaves are ovate. Z6–9 H9–6. purple. ‘Lennei Alba’ has ivory-white or partial shade and fertile, well-drained
M. ‘Elizabeth’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, M. ‘Norman Gould’. Deciduous, flowers. ‘Picture’, H 25ft (8m), is vigorous, soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
multi-stemmed, conical tree. H to 25ft (8m), spreading tree or bushy shrub. H and S 15ft compact and upright, with large, erect, summer.
S to 20ft (6m). In spring produces fragrant, (5m). Silky buds open into fragrant, star- deep reddish-purple flowers. ‘Rubra’ of x M. aquisargentii. Evergreen, upright,
cup-shaped, primrose-yellow flowers, with shaped, white flowers in mid-spring. gardens. See M. x soulangeana ‘Rustica densely leaved shrub. H and S 6ft (2m).
6–9 petals and red stamens. Obovate, dark Leaves are oblong and dark green. Z6–9 Rubra’. ‘Rustica Rubra’, syn. M. x Leaves are bright green, often with 3
green leaves are coppery in color when H9–6. soulangeana ‘Rubra’ (illus. p.70) has leaflets, some oblong and finely toothed,
they unfold in spring. Z6–9 H9–5. M. obovata, syn. M. hypoleuca (Japanese purplish-red flowers suffused pink. others holly-shaped. Terminal clusters of
M. figo. See Michelia figo. bigleaf magnolia, Whitebark magnolia). M. sprengeri. Deciduous, spreading berberis-like, yellow flowers are sparsely
M. fraseri (Fraser magnolia). Deciduous, Vigorous, deciduous, upright tree. H 50ft tree. H 50ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). In mid- produced in late spring. Z6–8 H8–6.
spreading, open tree. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (15m), S 30ft (10m). Large, fragrant, cup- spring has fragrant, bowl-shaped, white
(8m). Fragrant, narrowly goblet-shaped, shaped, pink-flushed, white or pale cream flowers, sometimes fringed with red or pale MAHONIA
white or pale yellow flowers are borne in flowers,  with crimson stamens, are pink, before oval, dark green leaves are
late spring and early summer amid large, produced in early summer. Z5–9 H9–5. produced. Z7–9 H9–7. var. diva (illus. p.70) BERBERIDACEAE
pale green leaves. Z6–9 H9–6. M. ‘Pegasus’, syn. M. cylindrica. bears rich deep pink flowers, paler inside.
M. ‘Galaxy’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, conical Deciduous shrub or multi-stemmed tree, ‘Wakehurst’ has deep purplish-pink Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
to upright tree. H 20ft (6m), S 10ft (3m). initially vase-shaped, later spreading. flowers. foliage, their usually short racemes of often
Large, slightly fragrant, narrowly goblet- H and S 20ft (6m). Has elliptic, dark green M. stellata (Star magnolia, Swamp fragrant, rounded, bell-shaped, yellow
shaped, pinkish-purple flowers, purple-red leaves, pale green beneath. In spring, magnolia). Deciduous, bushy, dense shrub. flowers and, with tall species and cultivars,
outside, open from deep purple buds in before and with the young leaves, produces H 10ft (3m), S 12ft (4m). Fragrant, star- for their deeply fissured bark. Large
early spring before elliptic, mid-green cup-shaped, creamy-white or yellowish- shaped, pure white flowers, with many mahonias make good specimen plants; low-
leaves emerge. Z6–9 H9–6. white flowers, suffused purplish-pink at narrow petals sometimes faintly pink growing ones are excellent for groundcover.
M. globosa. Deciduous, bushy shrub. bases. flushed, open from silky buds from early to Prefers full or partial shade and fertile, well-
H and S 15ft (5m). In early summer, large, M. ‘Pinkie’, illus. p.70. Deciduous, upright mid-spring. Leaves are narrow and deep drained but not too dry soil. Propagate
oval, glossy, dark green leaves set off shrub. H and S to 12ft (4m). In spring green. Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Rosea’ (illus. p.70) has species by leaf-bud or semiripe cuttings in
fragrant, cup-shaped, creamy-white produces cup-shaped, pale pinkish-purple warm pink buds that open pale pink. summer or by seed in fall, selected forms by
flowers with red anthers. flowers, with white inner surfaces, followed ‘Waterlily’ (illus. p.70) has large, white leaf-bud or semiripe cuttings only.
M. grandiflora (Southern magnolia). by ovate to elliptic, mid-green leaves. flowers with many petals. M. acanthifolia. See M. napaulensis.
Evergreen, broadly conical or rounded, M. quinquepeta. See M. liliiflora. M. tripetala (Umbrella tree magnolia). M. aquifolium, illus. p.148.
dense tree. H and S 30ft (10m). Bears large, M. ‘Ricki’. Deciduous, upright shrub. Deciduous, spreading, open tree, conical M. bealei. See M. japonica Bealei Group.
very fragrant, bowl-shaped, white flowers H and S 12ft (4m). Goblet-shaped flowers, when young. H 30ft (10m), S 25ft (8m). Has M. ‘Heterophylla’. Evergreen, upright
intermittently from mid-summer to early each with 15 twisted petals that are pink to large, dark green leaves, clustered around shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has reddish-
fall. Has oblong, glossy, mid- to dark green dark purple-pink at bases, are produced from shoot tips, and rather unpleasantly scented, purple shoots and glossy, bright green
leaves, divided into 5 or 7 narrowly lance-
shaped, wavy-edged or curled leaflets

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that turn reddish-purple in winter. Small MALEPHORA (8m). Oval leaves are dark reddish-purple lasting, rounded, yellow or red crab apples.
clusters of yellow flowers are produced when young, dark green when mature. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Yellow Siberian’ produces
in spring. Z9–10 H10–9. AIZOACEAE Bears single, deep purplish-red flowers white flowers, which are sometimes pink-
M. japonica, illus. p.144. Bealei Group, from mid- to late spring, followed by tinged, and yellow crab apples. Z4–8 H8–4.
syn. M. bealei (Leatherleaf mahonia) is an Genus of erect or spreading, perennial rounded, purplish-red crab apples. M. ‘Royalty’, illus. p.84.
evergreen, upright shrub. H 6ft (2m), S 10ft succulents with semicylindrical leaves. M. floribunda, illus. p.84. M. sargentii, illus. p.110. Deciduous,
(3m). Has blue-green leaves divided into Needs sun and very well-drained soil. M. ‘Frettingham’s Victoria’. Deciduous, spreading shrub with arching branches.
broad, spiny leaflets. Long, spreading Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in upright tree. H 25ft (8m), S 12ft (4m). Single, H 12ft (4m), S 15ft (5m). Dark green leaves,
sprays of fragrant, pale yellow flowers, in spring or summer. white flowers, borne amid oval, dark green often lobed, turn red or yellow in fall. Bears
short, upright racemes, are borne from late M. crocea, illus. p.496. leaves in late spring, are followed by white or pale to deep pink flowers in mid-
fall to spring and followed by purple-blue rounded, red-flushed, yellow crab apples. spring followed by small, red or yellow
fruits. Z7–8 H8–7. MALOPE M. ‘Golden Hornet’, syn. M. x zumi fruits.
M. lomariifolia. Evergreen, very upright ‘Golden Hornet’, illus. p.92. M. x scheidekeri ‘Red Jade’. Deciduous,
shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 6ft (2m). Large, dark MALVACEAE M. x hartwigii ‘Katherine’. See M. weeping tree. H 12ft (4m), S 20ft (6m). In
green leaves each have 19–37 narrow, holly- ‘Katherine’. late spring has single, white flowers,
like, spiny leaflets. Fragrant, bright yellow Genus of annuals, grown for their showy M. ‘Hopa’. Deciduous, spreading tree. sometimes pale pink-flushed, followed by
flowers are produced in dense, upright flowers that are ideal for cutting. Needs H and S 30ft (10m). Oval, dark green leaves long-lasting, rounded to egg-shaped, red
racemes in late fall and winter. Z8–9 H9–5. sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate are reddish-purple when young. Single, crab apples. Leaves are dark green and
M. x media ‘Buckland’, illus. p.118. by seed in spring. Self-seeds freely. deep pink flowers in mid-spring are followed oval. Z5–8 H8–5.
‘Charity’, illus. p.118. M. trifida, illus. p.305. by rounded, orange-and-red crab apples. M. ‘Snowcloud’, illus. p.81.
M. napaulensis, syn. M. acanthifolia. M. hupehensis, illus. p.69. M. spectabilis (Chinese flowering
Evergreen, upright, open shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), MALUS M. ‘John Downie’, illus. p.91. crabapple). Deciduous, round-headed tree.
S 10ft (3m). Leaves are composed of up to 15 M. ‘Katherine’, syn. M. x hartwigii H and S 30ft (10m). Has oval, dark green
holly-like, spiny, dark green leaflets. Apple, Flowering crabapple ‘Katherine’. Deciduous, round-headed tree. leaves. Large, single, blush-pink flowers,
Produces long, slender racemes of yellow H and S 20ft (6m). Has oval, mid-green rose-red in bud, from mid- to late spring,
flowers in early and mid-spring. Z8–9 H9–8. ROSACEAE leaves. Large, double, pale pink flowers, are followed by large, rounded, yellow crab
M. repens (Creeping mahonia). fading to white, from mid- to late spring, apples. Z5–8 H8–5.
Evergreen, upright shrub that spreads by Genus of deciduous, mainly spring- are followed by tiny, rounded, yellow- M. toringoides. Deciduous, spreading
underground stems. H 1ft (30cm), S 6ft flowering trees and shrubs, grown for their flushed, red crab apples. Z3–9 H9–1. tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, deeply
(2m). Blue-green leaves each consist of shallowly cup-shaped flowers, fruits, foliage M. ‘Lemoinei’, syn. M. x purpurea lobed, glossy, bright green leaves turn
3–7 oval leaflets, with bristly teeth. Dense or fall color. Crab apples may be used to ‘Lemoinei’, illus. p.84. yellow in fall. Bears single, white flowers in
clusters of deep yellow flowers are borne make preserves. Prefers full sun, but M. x magdeburgensis, illus. p.83. late spring followed by rounded or egg-
from mid- to late spring. Z5–8 H8–3. tolerates partial shade; grows in any but M. ‘Marshall Oyama’, illus. p.90. shaped, red-flushed, yellow crab apples in
M. x wagneri ‘Undulata’. Evergreen, waterlogged soil. In winter, cut out dead M. x moerlandsii ‘Profusion’. See fall. Z5–8 H8–5.
upright shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Glossy, dark or diseased wood and prune to maintain M. ‘Profusion’. M. transitoria. Deciduous, spreading
green leaves each have 5–9 holly-like, wavy- a balanced branch system. Propagate by M. ‘Neville Copeman’, syn. M. x tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, deeply
edged leaflets that become bronzed in budding in late summer or by grafting in purpurea ‘Neville Copeman’. Deciduous, lobed, mid-green leaves turn yellow in fall.
winter. Bears dense clusters of deep yellow mid-winter. Trees are sometimes attacked by spreading tree. H and S 28ft (9m). Oval, Has masses of single, white flowers, in late
flowers in mid- and late spring. Z5–8 H8–5. aphids, caterpillars and red spider mite, and dark green leaves are purplish-red when spring, followed by small, rounded, pale
are susceptible to fireblight and apple scab. young. Single, dark purplish-pink flowers, yellow crab apples. Z5–8 H8–5.
M M. ‘Almey’. Deciduous, rounded tree. borne from mid- to late spring, are M. trilobata. Deciduous, conical tree.
H and S 25ft (8m). Oval leaves are reddish- followed by rounded, orange-red to H 50ft (15m), S 22ft (7m). Has maple-like,
MAIANTHEMUM purple when young, maturing to dark carmine crab apples. lobed, glossy, bright green leaves that often
green. Single, deep pink flowers, with paler M. niedzwetskyana, syn. M. pumila var. become brightly colored in fall. Bears
May lily pink, almost white centers, in late spring niedzwetskyana. Deciduous, spreading tree. single, white flowers, in early summer,
are followed by long-lasting, rounded, H 20ft (6m), S 25ft (8m). Oval leaves are red followed by small, rounded or pear-shaped,
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE orange-red crab apples, which are subject when young, maturing to purple. Produces red or yellow crab apples. Z5–8 H8–5.
to apple scab. clusters of single, deep reddish-purple M. tschonoskii, illus. p.77.
Genus of perennials with extensive, M. x arnoldiana, illus. p.82. flowers in late spring, followed by very M. ‘Van Eseltine’. Deciduous, upright
spreading rhizomes. Is useful as M. x atrosanguinea. Deciduous, large, conical, reddish-purple crab apples. tree. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Bears double,
groundcover in woodlands and wild areas. spreading tree. H and S 20ft (6m). Produces M. prattii. Deciduous tree, upright when pink flowers, in late spring, followed by
Prefers full or partial shade and rich, moist, oval, glossy, dark green leaves. Red flower young, later spreading. H and S 30ft rounded, yellow crab apples in fall. Has
sandy, neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by buds open to single, rich pink flowers in (10m). Oval, red-stalked, glossy, mid- oval, dark green leaves. Z4–8 H8–1.
seed in fall or by division in any season. late spring. Bears small, rounded, red- green leaves become orange and red in M. ‘Veitch’s Scarlet’, illus. p.89.
M. bifolium, illus. p.348. flushed, yellow crab apples. Z4–8 H8–1. fall. Single, white flowers in late spring M. yunnanensis var. veitchii, illus. p.86.
M. canadense. Vigorous, groundcover, M. baccata (Siberian crabapple). are followed by small, rounded or egg- M. x zumi var. calocarpa. Deciduous,
rhizomatous perennial. H 4in (10cm), Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 50ft shaped, white-flecked, red crab apples. spreading tree. H 9m (28ft), S 8m (25ft).
S indefinite. Has large, upright, oval, wavy- (15m). Has oval, dark green leaves and a Z5–8 H8–5. Dark green leaves are sometimes deeply
edged, glossy leaves. Slender stems bear profusion of single, white flowers from M. ‘Professor Sprenger’, illus. p.91. lobed. White flowers in late spring are
sprays of small, white flowers in late spring mid- to late spring followed by tiny, M. ‘Profusion’, syn. M. x moerlandsii followed by dense clusters of long-lasting,
and early summer followed by red berries. rounded, red or yellow crab apples in fall. ‘Profusion’, illus. p.71. rounded, red crab apples in fall. Z4–8 H8–1.
Z4–7 H7–1. Z3–7 H7–1. var. mandschurica illus. p.69. M. prunifolia, illus. p.90. ‘Golden Hornet’. See M. ‘Golden Hornet’.
M. racemosum. See Smilacina racemosa. M. ‘Chilko’. Deciduous, spreading tree. M. pumila var. niedzwetskyana. See
H and S 25ft (8m). Oval, dark green leaves M. niedzwetskyana. MALVA
MAIHUENIA are reddish-purple when young. Has M. x purpurea. Deciduous, spreading
single, rose-pink flowers in mid-spring, tree. H 25ft (8m), S 30ft (10m). Oval, young Mallow
CACTACEAE followed by large, rounded, bright crimson leaves are reddish, maturing to green.
crab apples. Z5–8 H8–5. Single, deep ruby-red flowers, becoming MALVACEAE
Genus of slow-growing, summer- M. coronaria ‘Charlottae’. Deciduous, paler with age, are produced in late spring
flowering, alpine cacti, clump-forming with spreading tree. H and S 28ft (9m). Broadly and are followed by rounded, reddish- Genus of annuals, biennials and free-
age, with cylindrical stems. Requires sun oval, lobed or deeply toothed leaves are purple crab apples. Z5–8 H8–5. ‘Eleyi’. See flowering, short-lived perennials. Requires
and well-drained soil. Protect from winter dark green, turning red in fall. Semidouble, M. ‘Eleyi’. ‘Lemoinei’. See M. ‘Lemoinei’. sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate
rain. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in pale pink flowers are borne in late spring ‘Neville Copeman’. See M. ‘Neville species by seed in fall, selected forms by
spring or summer. and early summer. Z4–8 H8–1. Copeman’. cuttings from firm, basal shoots in late
M. poeppigii, illus. p.490. M. ‘Cowichan’, illus. p.90. M. x robusta. Vigorous, deciduous, spring or summer. These shoots may be
M. ‘Dorothea’. Deciduous, spreading spreading tree. H 40ft (12m), S 30ft (10m). encouraged by cutting plant back after first
630 MALCOLMIA tree. H and S 25ft (8m). Semidouble, silvery- Bears masses of single, white or pink flowers have faded.
pink flowers, red in bud, are borne in late flowers above oval, dark green leaves in M. moschata, illus. p.232.
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE spring, followed by rounded, yellow crab late spring. These are followed by long-
apples. Oval leaves are mid-green. Is prone Malvastrum capensis. See
Genus of spring- to fall-flowering annuals. to apple scab. Anisodontea capensis.
Needs sun and fertile, well-drained soil. M. ‘Eleyi’, syn. M. x purpurea ‘Eleyi’.
Propagate by seed in spring, summer Deciduous, spreading tree. H and S 25ft
or early fall. Self-seeds freely.
M. Maritima, illus. p.304.

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MALVAVISCUS spines, often curved. In late summer MANDRAGORA ‘Erythrophylla’. See M. leuconeura
produces bright red flowers, 1/2–3/4in ‘Erythroneura’. ‘Kerchoveana’, illus.
MALVACEAE (1–2cm) across. Z12–15 H12–10. Mandrake p.475. ‘Massangeana’ is an evergreen,
M. schiedeana. Clump-forming, short-stemmed perennial, branching
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 12in SOLANACEAE at base. H and S 1ft (30cm). Each oblong,
grown for their flowers. Requires full light (30cm). Green stem is covered with short, velvety, dark green leaf, 6in (15cm)
and fertile, well-drained soil. Water feathery, yellow spines that turn white. Genus of rosetted perennials with large, long, has a wide, irregular, pale midrib,
container plants freely in growing season, Produces cream flowers, 3/4in (2cm) long, deep, fleshy roots. Needs sun or partial white, lateral veins and is often
moderately at other times. To maintain and narrow, red seed pods in late summer. shade and deep, rich, well-drained soil. purplish-green below. Leaves stand
shape, flowered stems may be cut back Z13–15 H12–10. Resents being transplanted. Propagate by upright at night but lie flat during the
hard in late winter. Propagate by seed in M. sempervivi, illus. p.484. day. Bears small, 3-petaled, white to
spring or by semiripe cuttings in summer. M. vetula subsp. gracilis, syn. M. seed in fall. T Alkaloids in the plant may mauve flowers in slender, upright spikes
Whitefly and red spider mite may be gracilis. Clump-forming, perennial cactus. year-round.
troublesome. H 2in (5cm), S 8in (20cm). Produces be harmful if ingested.
M. arboreus (Wax mallow). Vigorous, columnar, green stem densely covered M. officinarum, illus. p.356. Marginatocereus marginatus. See
evergreen, rounded shrub. H to 12ft (4m) with pure white spines. In early summer Pachycereus marginatus.
or more, S 5–10ft (1.5–3m). Ovate to heart- produces pale cream flowers, 1/2–3/4in MANETTIA
shaped, toothed, bright green leaves are (1–2cm) across. Stem is shallow-rooted MARGYRICARPUS
soft-haired. Has bright red flowers, with and reroots readily. Z12–15 H12–10. RUBIACEAE
protruding stamens, in summer–fall. M. zeilmanniana, syn. M. crinita, illus. ROSACEAE
Z14–15 H12–6. p.486. Genus of evergreen, soft- or semiwoody-
stemmed, twining climbers, grown for Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their
MAMMILLARIA MAMMILLOYDIA their small but showy flowers. Needs fruits. Is good for rock gardens. Needs a
partial shade in summer and rich, well- sheltered, sunny position and well-drained
CACTACEAE CATACEAE drained soil. Water regularly, sparingly soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings in
when temperatures are low. Stems need early summer or by seed in fall.
Genus of hemispherical, spherical or Genus of a single species of clump-forming support. Cut back if required in spring. M. pinnatus, syn. M. setosus (Pearl fruit).
columnar cacti, grown for their rings of cactus grown for ornamental spines and Propagate by softwood or semiripe Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 9–12in
funnel-shaped flowers that develop near rings of small flowers. Grow in well- cuttings in summer. Whitefly is sometimes (23–30cm), S 3ft (1m). Has dark green leaves
crowns. Flowers, offsets and long, slender drained soil in full sun. Keep dry in winter. a problem. divided into linear, silky leaflets. Has tiny,
to spherical seed pods grow between Propagate by seed sown in spring. M. bicolor. See M. luteorubra. inconspicuous, green flowers, in early
tubercles on a spiny, green stem with M. candida, syn. Mammillaria candida. M. cordifolia (Firecracker vine). Fast- summer, followed by small, globose, glossy,
extended areoles. Requires full sun and Slow-growing, clump-forming, perennial growing, evergreen, soft-stemmed, white fruits. Z8–10 H10–8.
very well-drained soil. Keep completely cactus. H and S  6in (15cm). Columnar, twining climber. H 6ft (2m) or more. M. setosus. See M. pinnatus.
dry in winter, otherwise plants rot easily. green stem is densely covered with short, Has narrowly heart-shaped, glossy
Propagate by seed in spring or summer. stiff, white spines. Produces cream to rose leaves. Funnel-shaped, red flowers, Marsdenia erecta. See Cionura erecta.
M. bocasana, illus. p.480. flowers, 1⁄2–3⁄4in (1–2cm) across, in spring. sometimes yellow flushed on lobes, are
M. candida. See Mammilloydia candida. Water sparingly in summer. produced in small clusters in summer. MARTYNIA M
M. centricirrha. See M. magnimamma. Z12–15 H12–10.
M. conoidea. See Neolloydia conoidea. MANDEVILLA M. inflata. See M. luteorubra. PEDALIACEAE
M. crinita. See M. zeilmanniana. M. luteorubra, syn. M. bicolor, M. inflata
M. densispina. Slow-growing, spherical, SYN. DIPLADENIA (Brazilian firecracker). Fast-growing, Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers
perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), S 8in (20cm). evergreen, semiwoody-stemmed, twining and horned fruits. Requires a sunny,
Has green stem densely covered with APOCYNACEAE climber. H 6ft (2m). Has glossy leaves and sheltered site and fertile, well-drained
sturdy, golden spines and, in spring, small, funnel-shaped, red flowers, with soil. Propagate by seed sown under glass
yellow flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) wide. Genus of evergreen, semievergreen or yellow tips, in spring–summer. Z12–15 in early spring.
Z12–15 H12–10. deciduous, woody-stemmed, twining H12–10. M. annua, illus. p.300.
M. elegans of gardens. See M. haageana. climbers, grown for their large, trumpet- M. louisianica. See Proboscidea
M. elongata, illus. p.494. shaped flowers. Needs light shade in Manfreda maculosa. See Agave louisianica.
M. geminispina, illus. p.480. summer and well-drained soil. Water freely maculosa.
M. gracilis. See M. vetula subsp. gracilis. when in full growth, sparingly at other MASDEVALLIA 631
M. haageana, syn. M. elegans. Spherical times. Provide support and thin out and MANGLIETIA
to columnar, perennial cactus. H 12in spur back congested growth in early ORCHIDACEAE
(30cm), S 8in (20cm). Bears green stem spring. Propagate by seed in spring or MAGNOLIACEAE
densely covered with short, bristly spines by semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly See also ORCHIDS.
and bright red flowers, 1/2 in (1cm) and red spider mite may cause problems. Genus of evergreen trees, grown for M. coccinea, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
across, in spring. Offsets occasionally. their foliage and flowers. Needs full light epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
Z12–15 H12–10. T Contact with the sap may cause skin or partial shade and rich, moist but well- H 6in (15cm). Narrowly oval leaves are
M. hahniana, illus. p.479. drained, acidic soil. Water container plants 4in (10cm) long. Bears rich cerise flowers,
M. magnimamma, syn. M. centricirrha. irritation, and all parts may cause mild freely when in full growth, less at other 3in (8cm) long, in summer. Needs shade
Clump-forming, perennial cactus. H 1ft stomach upset if ingested. times. Pruning is tolerated if necessary. in summer. H11–6.
(30cm), S 2ft (60cm). Green stem has very M. x amabilis ‘Alice du Pont’. See Propagate by seed in spring. M. infracta. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid
pronounced, angular, dark green tubercles M. x amoena ‘Alice du Pont’. M. insignis, syn. Magnolia insignis. for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm).
with white spines of variable length. Bears M. x amoena ‘Alice du Pont’, syn. Evergreen, broadly conical tree. Narrowly oval leaves are 4in (10cm) long.
cream, pink or red flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) M. x amabilis ‘Alice du Pont’, illus. p.461. H 25–40ft (8–12m) or more, S 10–15ft Bears rounded, red-and-white flowers, 2in
wide, in spring and possibly again in late M. boliviensis, syn. Dipladenia (3–5m) or more. Leaves are narrowly (5cm) long, with tail-like, greenish sepals,
summer. Z12–15 H12–10. boliviensis. Vigorous, evergreen, woody- oval, lustrous, dark green above, bluish- in summer. Needs shade from hot summer
M. microhelia, illus. p.491. stemmed, twining climber. H to 12ft (4m). green beneath. In early summer produces sun. Z14–15 H12–6.
M. plumosa, illus. p.483. Oblong, pointed leaves are lustrous green. solitary, magnolia-like, pink to carmine M. tovarensis, illus. p.466. Evergreen,
M. prolifera (Strawberry cactus). Clump- Has small clusters of large, trumpet- flowers that are cream-flushed. Z11 epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
forming, perennial cactus. H 4in (10cm), shaped, white flowers, with gold eyes, in H12–10. H 6in (15cm). Has oval leaves, 4in (10cm)
S 12in (30cm). Green stem bears dense, summer. Z13–15 H12–1. long, and in fall milky-white flowers, 11/2in
golden-yellow to white spines. Produces M. laxa, syn. M. suaveolens, M. tweediana MARANTA (4cm) long, with short-tailed sepals, singly
masses of cream or yellow flowers, 1/2–3/4in (Chilean jasmine). Fast-growing, deciduous or up to 3 to a stem. Needs shade in
(1–2cm) wide, in summer, followed by or semievergreen, woody-stemmed, MARANTACEAE summer. H11–6.
edible red berries that taste like twining climber. H 15ft (5m) or more. Oval M. wagneriana, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
strawberries. Z12–15 H12–10. leaves have heart-shaped bases. Clusters Genus of evergreen perennials, grown epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse.
M. rhodantha. Spherical to columnar, of fragrant, white flowers are borne in for their distinctively patterned, colored H 3in (8cm). Narrowly oval leaves are 4in
perennial cactus. H and S 2ft (60cm). Green summer. Z12–15 H12–1. foliage. Needs constant, high humidity, a (10cm) long. Bears pale yellow flowers,
stem, branching from crown with age, M. splendens, syn. Dipladenia splendens, shaded position away from drafts or wind 11/2in (4cm)) long, with long, tail-like
is densely covered with brown to yellow illus. p.460. and rich, well-drained soil. Propagate by sepals, singly or in pairs in summer. Needs
M. suaveolens. See M. laxa. division in spring or summer or by summer shade. Z14–15 H12–6.
M. tweediana. See M. laxa. stem cuttings in summer.
M. leuconeura (Prayer plant). Z14–15
H12–1. ‘Erythroneura’, syn. M.
leuconeura ‘Erythrophylla’ illus. p.475.

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MATHIASELLA M. ‘Mammoth Column’. Fast-growing, or whitish throat, 21/2–3in (6–7cm) long, M. betonicifolia of gardens. See
upright, bushy biennial or short-lived are produced in summer–fall. Z9–10 H10–9. M. baileyi.
APIACEAE/UMBELLIFERAE perennial, grown as an annual. H to 21/2ft M. erubescens. See Lophospermum M. cambrica, illus. p.263.
(75cm), S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, erubescens. M. x cookei ‘Old Rose’, illus. p.218.
Genus of one species of perennial, grown grayish-green leaves and, in summer, Clump forming, long-lived perennial.
for its umbels of bell-shaped, green flowers scented, 4-petaled flowers, available in Maxillaria picta. See Brasiliorchis H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Produces
and silvery-blue leaves. Needs sun and mixed or single colors, in spikes 12–15in picta. numerous pendent, cup-shaped, deep
well-drained soil. Needs good winter (30–38cm) long. Is excellent for cut flowers. Maxillaria porphyrostele. See pink flowers in late spring and early
drainage. Z8–9 H9–1. Brasiliorchis porphyrostele. summer. Has basal rosettes of oval–oblong,
M. bupleuroides ‘Green Dream’, illus. M. Park Series. Group of fast-growing, Maxillaria tenuifolia. See Maxillariella bristly, mid-green leaves. Does not produce
p.242. upright, bushy biennials and short-lived tenuifolia. viable seed.
perennials, grown as annuals. H and S to M. Fertile Blue Group ‘Lingholm’,
MATTEUCCIA 1ft (30cm). Lance-shaped leaves are MAXILLARIELLA illus. p.218. Clump-forming perennial.
grayish-green. In summer, spikes, 6in H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm). In
DRYOPTERIDACEAE/ONOCLEACEAE (15cm) or more long, of scented, 4-petaled ORCHIDACEAE early summer bears clusters of shallow
flowers are borne in a wide range of colors. cup-shaped, sky-blue flowers. Has rosettes
Genus of deciduous, rhizomatous ferns. Z8–9 H9–1. See also ORCHIDS. of oblong to oval–lance-shaped, slightly
Prefers partial shade and wet soil. Remove M. Ten-week Group. Group of fast- M. tenuifolia, syn. Maxillaria tenuifolia. toothed, hairy, mid-green leaves. Divide
faded fronds regularly and divide plants growing, upright, bushy biennials and Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool every 3 years to maintain vigor.
when crowded. Propagate by division in short-lived perennials, grown as annuals. greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Fragrant, M. grandis, illus. p.218.
fall or winter. H and S to 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, yellow flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across, heavily M. Infertile Blue Group ‘Crewdson
M. orientalis. Deciduous, rhizomatous grayish-green leaves. Scented, 4-petaled overlaid with red and with white lips, Hybrid’, illus. p.218. Clump forming, long-
fern. H and S to 3ft (1m). Produces flowers, in spikes 6in (15cm) or more long, are borne singly throughout summer. lived perennial. H 3–4ft (1–1.2m), S 11⁄2–2ft
“shuttlecock” of sterile, arching, broadly are produced in a wide range of colors in Has narrowly oval leaves, 6in (15cm) (45–60cm). In early summer bears clusters
ovate, divided fronds, to 32in (80cm) long, summer. Dwarf and “selectable” cultivars long. Needs good light in summer. of funnel- to cup-shaped, clear deep blue
light green when young, becoming darker. have double flowers. Z8–9 H9–1. Z14–15 H12–6. flowers. Has rosettes of oblong, hairy, mid-
Fertile, erect, blackish-green fronds are M. ‘Trysomic’. Fast-growing, upright, green leaves, with brownish tinge and
produced from center of plant in summer. bushy biennial or short-lived perennial, MAYTENUS scalloped edges. ‘Slieve Donard’, illus.
Z3–8 H8–1. grown as an annual. H and S to 1ft (30cm). p.218. Clump-forming, long-lived
M. struthiopteris, illus. p.443. Lance-shaped leaves are grayish-green. CELASTRACEAE perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 11/2–2ft
Spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long, of scented, (45–60cm). In early summer bears clusters
M MATTHIOLA mostly double flowers are produced in a Genus of evergreen trees, grown for of shallow cup-shaped, sky-blue flowers.
wide range of colors in summer. Z8–9 their neat foliage. Requires sun or partial Has rosettes of oblong to oval, hairy, mid-
632 Stock H9–1. shade and fertile, well-drained soil. green leaves, with marginal teeth absent
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer or very few and tiny. Fertile seed is not
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE MATUCANA or by suckers in fall or spring. produced. Z7–8 H8–7.
M. boaria, syn. M. chilensis (Mayten). M. integrifolia (Yellow Chinese poppy).
Genus of annuals, biennials, perennials CACTACEAE Evergreen, bushy-headed tree. H 30ft Rosette-forming biennial or short-lived
and evergreen subshrubs. Flowers of (10m), S 25ft (8m). Bears narrowly oval, perennial. H 18–24in (45–60cm), S 24in
most annual or biennial stocks are highly Genus of low-growing, spherical to shortly glossy, dark green leaves on slender (60cm). Produces spikes of large, cup-
scented and excellent for cutting. Needs cylindrical, solitary to clustering perennial shoots, and tiny, star-shaped, green flowers shaped, pale yellow flowers in late
sun or partial shade and fertile, well- cacti, with thick, ribbed stems, often with in late spring. Z9–10 H10–9. spring and early summer. Has large, oval–
drained, ideally lime-rich soil. Tall cultivars some spines, usually branching from the M. chilensis. See M. boaria. oblong, hairy, pale green leaves. Z7–8 H8–7.
may need support. If grown as biennials base. Solitary, narrowly funnel-shaped M. ‘Jimmy Bayne’ (George Sherriff
outdoors, provide cloche protection in yellow, orange or red flowers are produced MAZUS Group), illus. p.218. Rhizomatous, long-
winter. To produce flowers outdoors the around the stem tips in summer. Needs full lived perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m), S 11/2–2ft
same summer, sow seed of annuals under sun and very well-drained, slightly alkaline SCROPHULARIACEAE/PHRYMACEAE (45–60cm). In early summer bears clusters
glass in early spring, or outdoors in mid- soil. Propagate by seed in spring or of shallowly bowl-shaped flowers, deep
spring. Sow seed of perennials under glass summer. Genus of creeping, spring-flowering blue or with a purplish tinge. Has rosettes
in spring. Propagate subshrubs by semiripe M. aurantiaca, syn. Oreocereus perennials. Is useful for rock gardens of oval–lance-shaped, hairy, mid-green
cuttings in summer. Is prone to aphids, aurantiacus. Spherical, perennial cactus. and in paving. Needs a sheltered, sunny leaves edged with rounded teeth.
flea beetle, club root, downy mildew and H 5in (12cm), S 16in (40cm). Has site and moist soil. Propagate by division M. ‘Marit’, illus. p.218. Clump forming,
botrytis. 15–17-ribbed stem and elongated areoles in spring or by seed in fall. long-lived perennial. H 4–5ft (1.2–1.5m),
M. Brompton Group. Fast-growing, each bearing up to 30 spines. Produces M. reptans, illus. p.351. S 11/2–2ft (45–60cm)). In early summer bears
erect, bushy biennial, grown as an annual. orange-yellow flowers in summer. clusters of cup-shaped, white to pale
H 18in (45cm), S 12in (30cm). Lance-shaped M. haynei. Slow-growing, spherical to MECONOPSIS creamy-white flowers. Has rosettes of
leaves are grayish-green; long spikes of columnar, perennial cactus. H 24in (60cm), oblong to lance-shaped, hairy, mid-green
highly scented flowers, in shades of pink, S 4in (10cm). Has cylindrical, much-ribbed, PAPAVERACEAE leaves with regular and neatly toothed
red, purple, yellow or white, are borne in grass-green stem densely covered with edges. Divide every 3 years to maintain
summer. Z8–9 H9–1. short, white or yellow spines. Produces red, Genus of perennials, some long-lived, some vigor. Seed is not produced.
M. East Lothian Group. Group of fast- orange-brown or purple-crimson flowers short-lived and others monocarpic (die after M. napaulensis of gardens (Satin poppy),
growing, upright, bushy biennials and in summer on plants more than 6in (15cm) flowering), grown for their flowers. Needs illus. p.218. Clump-forming, short-lived
short-lived perennials, grown as annuals. high. partial shade and, in warm areas, a cool perennial that dies after flowering. H 5ft
H and S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, position. Most prefer rich, moist, neutral to (1.5m), S 2ft (60cm). Produces racemes of
grayish-green leaves and, in summer, MAURANDYA acidic soil. M. baileyi and M. Infertile Blue nodding, shallowly cup-shaped, yellow, pink,
spikes, 6in (15cm) or more long, of scented, Group ‘Crewdson Hybrid’ tolerate more red or white flowers in late spring or early
4-petaled, single or double flowers, in SCROPHULARIACEAE/ alkaline soil. Propagate sterile perennial summer. Bears large rosettes of oblong to
shades of pink, red, purple, yellow or PLANTAGINACEAE hybrids and perennial species by division in lance-shaped, deeply lobed and cut, hairy,
white. Z8–9 H9–1. late summer or early spring, fertile species yellowish-green leaves. Z8–9 H9–8.
M. ‘Giant Excelsior’, illus. p.303. Genus of twining, woody-based, perennial and hybrids (that set viable seed) by seed in M. quintuplinervia (Harebell poppy).
M. ‘Giant Imperial’. Fast-growing, climbers, suitable for growing against a late summer or winter. Division of perennial Mat-forming perennial. H 12–18in
erect, bushy biennial, grown as an annual. wall or for clothing a trellis. Needs full sun species and cultivars is advisable every (30–45cm), S 12in (30cm). Cup-shaped,
H to 24in (60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has lance- and moderately fertile, moist but well- 3 years. nodding, lavender-blue flowers,
shaped, grayish-green leaves and long drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring M. baileyi, syn. M. betonicifolia (Blue deepening to purple at bases, are borne
spikes of highly scented, white to creamy- or by softwood cuttings in late spring. poppy). Clump-forming perennial. H 3–4ft singly on hairy stems in late spring and
yellow flowers in summer. Z8–9 H9–1. M. barclayana, syn. Asarina barclayana. (1–1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Bears clusters of early summer above dense mat of large,
M. incana (Stock). Fast-growing, upright, Evergreen, soft-stemmed, scandent cup-shaped, blue flowers in late spring and oblong to lance-shaped, mid-green leaves.
bushy biennial or short-lived perennial, climber, herbaceous in cold climates. early summer. Oblong, hairy, mid-green Seed is notoriously difficult to germinate.
grown as an annual. H 1–2ft (30–60cm), H to 6ft (2m). Has angular, heart-shaped, leaves, with heart-shaped bases, are Z7–8 H8–7.
S 1ft (30cm). Has lance-shaped, grayish- hairless leaves. Trumpet-shaped, white, produced in basal rosettes and in
green leaves and, in summer, scented, pink or purple flowers, each with a green decreasing size up flowering stems. Z7–8
4-petaled, light purple flowers borne in H8–5. ‘Alba’ (illus. p.218), H 4–5ft (1.2–
spikes, 3–6in (7–15cm) long. Z5–8 H8–5. 1.5m), S 11⁄2–2ft (45–60cm), has pure white
flowers in early summer.

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MEDICAGO long, are produced in summer, mainly container specimens freely in summer, MELITTIS
in bottlebrush-like spikes, 11/2–3in (4–8cm) moderately at other times. Long stems may
Alfafa, Medick long. Z12–15 H12–10. be shortened in early spring. Propagate by Bastard balm
M. nesophila, syn. M. nesophylla, illus. seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings in
LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE p.133. summer. Red spider mite may be LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
M. nesophylla. See M. nesophila. troublesome.
Genus of annuals, perennials and evergreen M. quinquenervia. See M. viridiflora var. M. major, illus. p.145. Genus of one species of summer-flowering
shrubs, grown for their flowers. Is good in rubriflora. perennial. Prefers partial shade and
mild, coastal areas as is very wind-resistant. M. squarrosa (Scented paper-bark). MELICA requires fertile, well-drained soil.
Requires sun and well-drained soil. Cut out Evergreen, erect, wiry-stemmed shrub or Propagate by seed in fall or by division in
dead wood in spring. Propagate shrubs by tree. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 6–12ft (2–4m). Has GRAMINEAE/POACEAE spring or fall.
semiripe or softwood cuttings in summer tiny, oval, deep green leaves. Bears spikes, M. melissophyllum, illus. p.264.
or by seed in fall or spring, annuals and 11/2in (4cm) long, of scented flowers, with See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
perennials by seed in fall or spring. cream stamens, in late spring and summer. and SEDGES,. MELOCACTUS M
M. arborea. Evergreen, bushy, dense M. viridiflora var. rubriflora, syn. M. altissima (Siberian melick).
shrub. H  and S 6ft (2m). Bears clusters of M. quinquenervia (Paper-bark tree). Evergreen, tuft-forming, perennial grass. Turk’s cap cactus
small, pealike, yellow flowers from mid- Strong-growing, evergreen, rounded H 24in (60cm), S 8in (20cm). Slender stems
spring to late fall or winter, followed by tree. H 20–40ft (6–12m), S 10–20ft (3–6m). bear broad, mid-green leaves, rough CACTACEAE
curious, flattened, snail-like, green, then Leaves are elliptic and lustrous. Has beneath. In summer produces pendent,
brown seed pods. Dark green leaves, peeling, papery, tan-colored bark and, tawny spikelets in narrow panicles. Z5–8 Genus of spherical, ribbed, perennial
divided into 3 narrowly triangular leaflets, in spring, small, white or creamy-pink H8–5. ‘Atropurpurea’ illus. p.286. cacti. On reaching flowering size, usually
are silky-haired when young. Z7–9 H9–7. flowers in bottlebrush-like clusters. 6in (15cm) high, stems produce woolly
Tolerates waterlogged soil. Z12–15 H12–10. MELICYTUS crowns; then stems appear to stop growing
MEDINILLA while woolly crowns develop into columns.
MELASPHAERULA SYN. HYMENANTHERA Has funnel-shaped flowers in summer,
MELASTOMATACEAE VIOLACEAE followed by elongated or rounded, red,
IRIDACEAE pink or white seed pods. Requires full sun
Genus of evergreen shrubs and scrambling Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, and extremely well-drained soil. Propagate
climbers, grown for their flowers and Genus of one species of spring-flowering grown for their overall appearance and by seed in spring or summer.
foliage. Needs partial shade and rich, well- corm, grown mainly for botanical interest. ornamental fruits. Requires sun or partial M. actinacanthus. See M. matanzanus.
drained soil. Water container plants freely Needs sun and well-drained soil. Plant in fall shade and well-drained soil. Water M. bahiensis. Spherical, perennial
when in full growth, moderately at other and keep watered until after flowering, then container plants moderately, less in winter. cactus. H  and S 6in (15cm). Dull green
times. Propagate by greenwood cuttings dry off. Propagate by seed or offsets in fall. Pruning is tolerated, if required. Propagate stem bears 10–15 ribs. Produces sturdy,
in spring or summer. M. graminea. See M. ramosa. by seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring. slightly curved, dark brown spines
M. magnifica, illus. p.455. M. ramosa, syn. M. graminea. Spring- M. crassifolius, syn. Hymenanthera that become paler with age. Crown
flowering corm. H to 24in (60cm), S 4–6in crassifolia. Evergreen, densely twiggy bears brown bristles and pink flowers,
MEEHANIA (10–15cm). Has narrowly sword-shaped, shrub of irregular outline. H and S to 4ft 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) across, in summer.
semi-erect leaves in basal fan. Wiry, (1.2m). Bears narrowly oval to oblong, Z14–15 H12–10.
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE branched stem bears loose sprays of small, leathery, mid-green leaves. Tiny, bell- M. communis. See M. intortus.
pendent, funnel-shaped, yellowish-green shaped, 5-petaled, yellow flowers, in M. curvispinus, syn. M. oaxacensis.
Genus of perennials often with creeping flowers, with pointed petals. spring–summer, are followed by egg- Spherical to columnar, perennial cactus.
stems, grown mainly as groundcover. shaped, purple fruits. Z9–10 H10–9. H 8in (20cm), S 6in (15cm). Green stem
Prefers full or partial shade and well- MELASTOMA M. ramiflorus (Mahoe, Whiteywood). has 15 rounded ribs. Areoles each bear
drained but not dry, rich soil. Propagate by Evergreen, spreading shrub or tree. H and a straight central spine and curved radial
seed, division or stem cuttings in spring. MELASTOMATACEAE S 20–30ft (6–10m). Bark is gray-white. spines. Flat, woolly crown bears deep
M. urticifolia. Trailing, hairy perennial Bears lance-shaped, bluntly toothed, bright pink flowers, 1/2in (1cm) across, in summer.
with long, creeping, leafy stems and erect Genus of evergreen, mainly summer- green leaves. Small, rounded, greenish Z14–15 H12–10.
flowering stems. H to 1ft (30cm), S  flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their flowers are produced in axillary clusters M. intortus, syn. M. communis, illus.
indefinite. Oval to triangular, toothed leaves, flowers and foliage. Requires full light or in summer, followed by tiny, violet to p.494.
4in (10cm) or more long, are on creeping partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. purple-blue berries. Z5–8 H8–5. M. matanzanus, syn. M. actinacanthus.
stems—smaller on flowering stems. Whorls Water container specimens freely when Spherical, perennial cactus. H and S 4in
of fragrant, 2-lipped, purplish-blue flowers, in full growth, moderately at other times. MELINIS (10cm). Dark green stem has short spines
to 2in (5cm) long, are borne in erect spikes Pruning is tolerated in late winter, and develops a woolly crown about
in late spring. Z5–8 H8–5. if necessary. Propagate by softwood or GRAMINEAE/POACEAE 5 years from seed. In summer produces
greenwood cuttings in spring or summer. pink flowers, 1/2in (1cm) across. Z14–15
Megasea. See Bergenia. Red spider mite and whitefly may see also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES H12–10.
cause problems. AND SEDGES. M. oaxacensis. See M. curvispinus.
MELALEUCA M. candidum. Evergreen, rounded, M. repens, syn. Rhynchelytrum repens,
bristly-stemmed shrub. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m). Rhynchelytrum roseum. Tuft-forming, MENISPERMUM 633
MYRTACEAE Bears oval, leathery, bristly leaves. Small, annual or short-lived, perennial grass.
terminal clusters of fragrant, 5–7-petaled, H 4–6ft (1.2–2m), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Leaves Moonseed
Genus of evergreen, spring- and summer- white or pink flowers are produced are mid-green, flat and finely pointed.
flowering trees and shrubs, grown for their profusely in summer. Z9–10 H10–9. Produces loose panicles of awned, pink MENISPERMACEAE
flowers and overall appearance. Needs full spikelets in summer. Z9–10 H10–9.
light and well-drained soil, preferably MELIA Genus of deciduous, woody or semiwoody,
without much nitrogen. Some species MELIOSMA twining climbers, grown for their fruits
tolerate waterlogged soils. Water container MELIACEAE that each contain a crescent-shaped seed—
specimens moderately, less in low MELIOSMACEAE/SABIACEAE hence the common name. Separate male
temperatures. Propagate by seed in spring Genus of deciduous, spring-flowering and female plants are required in order to
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. trees, grown for their foliage, flowers Genus of deciduous trees and shrubs, obtain fruits. Needs sun and well-drained
M. armillaris (Bracelet honey myrtle). and fruits. Is useful for very dry soil and grown for their habit, foliage and flowers, soil. Propagate by seed or suckers in
Evergreen, rounded, wiry-stemmed shrub does well in coastal gardens in mild areas. which, however, do not appear reliably.
or tree. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 4–10ft (1.2–3m). Requires full sun and well-drained soil. Prefers full sun and deep, fertile, well- spring. T The fruits may cause severe
Has needlelike, deep green leaves and, in Propagate by seed in fall. drained soil. Propagate by seed in fall.
summer, dense, bottlebrush-like clusters, M. azedarach, illus. p.71. M. oldhamii. See M. pinnata var. oldhamii. discomfort if ingested.
11/4–21/2in (3–6cm) long, each flower M. pinnata var. oldhamii, syn. M. M. canadense (Canada moonseed,
consisting of a small brush of MELIANTHUS oldhamii. Deciduous, sturdy-branched tree, Yellow parilla). Vigorous, deciduous,
white stamens. Z12–15 H12–10. upright when young, spreading when woody-stemmed, twining climber
M. elliptica, illus. p.137. MELIANTHACEAE mature. H 30ft (10m), S 20ft (6m). Has spreading by underground suckers. H to
M. hypericifolia. Evergreen, rounded very large, dark green leaves divided into 15ft (5m). Produces dense tangle of stems.
shrub. H and S 6–15ft (2–5m). Leaves are Genus of evergreen perennials and shrubs, 5–13 oval leaflets. Bears large clusters Oval to heart-shaped, rounded leaves are
oblong to elliptic and mid- to deep green grown mainly for their foliage. Requires of small, fragrant, star-shaped, white usually 3–7-lobed. Has small, cup-shaped,
above, paler beneath. Small, red flowers, sun and fertile, well-drained soil. Water flowers in early summer. Z9–10 H10–9. greenish-yellow flowers in summer,
with crimson stamens, 3/4–1in (2–2.5cm) M. veitchiorum, illus. p.74. followed by poisonous, spherical, glossy,
blackish fruits. Z5–8 H8–5.

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MENTHA acidic soil. Propagate by softwood cuttings M. plumbea, syn. Scilla natalensis. Clump- H 6–18in (15–45cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
in summer or by seed in fall. forming summer-flowering bulb H12–18in Mainly basal and deeply dissected leaves
Mint M. ciliicalyx var. lasiophylla. See M. (30–45cm) S 6–8in (15–20cm). Has lance- have narrowly linear leaflets. In summer
ciliicalyx var. purpurea. var. purpurea, shaped, semierect, finely hairy basal leaves produces flattish flower heads consisting of
LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE syn. M. ciliicalyx var. lasiophylla, illus. p.146. with a long spike of up to 100 flatish blue clusters of tiny, white or purplish-white
flowers, each one 5/8–3/4in (1.5–2cm) flowers. Z10–15 H12–10.
Genus of perennials, some of which are MERENDERA across. Z9–10 H10–9
semievergreen, grown for their aromatic MICHELIA
foliage, which is both decorative and used COLCHICACEAE MERYTA
as a culinary herb. Plants are invasive, MAGNOLIACEAE
however, and should be used with caution. Genus of corms similar to Colchicum ARALIACEAE
Needs sun or partial shade and well-drained but with less showy flowers. Needs sun Genus of evergreen, winter- to summer-
soil. Propagate by division in spring or fall. and well-drained soil. In cool, damp areas, Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their flowering shrubs and trees, grown for their
M. corsica. See M. requienii. grow in an unheated greenhouse or foliage. Requires full light or partial shade flowers and foliage. Needs full light or
M. x gentilis ‘Variegata’. See M. x gracilis frame where corms can dry out in summer. and rich, moist but moderately drained partial shade and rich, well-drained,
‘Variegata’. Z6–9 H9–6. Plant in fall and keep watered through soil. Water container plants freely when in neutral to acidic soil. Water container
M. x gracilis ‘Variegata’, syn. M. x winter and spring. Propagate by seed or full growth, less at other times. Propagate specimens freely when in full growth, less
gentilis ‘Variegata’ (Ginger mint, Red mint). offsets in fall. by semiripe cuttings in summer or by seed in winter. Pruning is seldom necessary.
Spreading perennial. H 18in (45cm), S 24in M. bulbocodium. See M. montana. when ripe, in late summer. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
(60cm). Forms a mat of oval, dark green M. montana, syn. M. bulbocodium. Fall- M. sinclairii, illus. p.451. or by seed when ripe, in fall, or in spring.
leaves that are speckled and striped with flowering corm. H to 2in (5cm), S 2–3in M. doltsopa, syn. Magnolia doltsopa,
yellow, most conspicuously in full sun. (5–8cm). Has narrowly strap-shaped, Mesembryanthemum cordifolium. illus. p.71.
Produces stems that carry whorls of small, semierect, basal leaves, produced just after See Aptenia cordifolia. M. figo, syn. Magnolia figo (Banana
2-lipped, pale mauve flowers in summer. upright, broad-petaled, funnel-shaped, rose- Mesembryanthemum criniflorum. shrub). Evergreen tree or rounded shrub.
M. x piperita f. citrata (Eau de Cologne or purple-lilac flowers emerge. Z6–9 H9–6. See Dorotheanthus bellidiformis. H 10–20ft (3–6m), S 11ft (1.5–3.5m) Has
mint, Lemon mint). Vigorous, spreading M. robusta. Spring-flowering corm. Mesembryanthemum multiradiatum. oval, glossy, rich green leaves and
perennial. H 12–24in (30–60cm), S 24in H 3in (8cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Narrowly See Lampranthus roseus. banana-scented, maroon-edged, creamy-
(60cm). Reddish-green stems, bearing lance-shaped, semi-erect, basal leaves are yellow flowers in spring–summer. Z12–15
terminal spikes of small, 2-lipped, purple produced at same time as upright, funnel- MESPILUS H12–10.
flowers in summer, arise from a carpet shaped, pale purplish-pink or white
of oval, slightly toothed, mid-green leaves flowers, 2–21/2in (5–6cm) wide, with ROSACEAE MICROBIOTA
that have a scent which is similar to narrow petals. Z7–9 H9–7.
eau de Cologne. Z3–7 H7–1. Genus of one species of deciduous tree CUPRESSACEAE
M. requienii, syn. M. corsica (Corsican MERREMIA or shrub, grown for its habit, flowers,
mint). Semievergreen, mat-forming, foliage and edible fruits. Requires sun or See also CONIFERS.
creeping perennial. H to 1/2in (1cm), CONVOLVULACEAE partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. M. decussata, illus. p.105. Spreading,
S  indefinite. Rounded, bright apple-green Propagate species by seed in fall, named shrubby conifer. H 20in (50cm), S 6–10ft
leaves exude strong peppermint fragrance Genus of evergreen, twining climbers, forms (for fruit) by budding in late summer. (2–3m). Flat sprays of scalelike, yellow-
when crushed. Produces tiny, stemless, grown for their flowers and fruits. Prefers M. germanica, illus. p.80. green leaves turn bronze in winter.
lavender-purple flowers in summer. Is full light and fertile, well-drained soil. Globose, yellow-brown cones have only
Water moderately when in full growth, METASEQUOIA one seed. Z3–7 H7–1.
M suitable for a rock garden. Needs much less at other times. Provide support.
shade and moist soil. Z6–9 H9–6. Thin out congested stems in spring. TAXODIACEAE/CUPRESSACEAE Microglossa albescens. See Aster
M. rotundifolia of gardens. See Propagate by seed in spring. Red spider albescens.
M. suaveolens. Z6–9 H9–5. mite may be a problem. See also CONIFERS.
M. suaveolens, syn. M. rotundifolia M. tuberosa, syn. Ipomoea tuberosa, M. glyptostroboides, illus. p.96. MICROLEPIA
(Apple mint). ‘Variegata’, illus. p.274. Operculina tuberosa (Spanish morning
glory). Fast-growing, evergreen, twining METROSIDEROS DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
MENTZELIA climber. H 20ft (6m) or more. Leaves have
7 radiating lobes. In summer bears funnel- Pohutakawa, Rata Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
Starflower shaped, yellow flowers, followed by MYRTACEAE evergreen ferns, best grown in pans and
semiwoody, globose,  ivory-brown fruits. hanging baskets. Requires full or partial
LOASACEAE Z13–15 H12–10. Genus of evergreen, winter-flowering shade and moist soil. Remove faded fronds
shrubs, trees and scrambling climbers, regularly. Propagate by division in spring
Genus of annuals, perennials and MERTENSIA grown for their flowers, the trees also or by spores in summer.
evergreen shrubs. Requires sun and fertile, for their overall appearance and for shade. M. speluncae, illus. p.478.
very well-drained soil. Tender species are BORAGINACEAE Needs full light and fertile, well-drained
best grown in pots under glass. Propagate soil. Water container specimens freely MICROMERIA
by seed in spring, shrubs also by semiripe Genus of perennials, grown for their when in full growth, moderately at other
cuttings in summer. funnel-shaped flowers. Requires sun or times. Pruning is tolerated, if necessary. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
M. lindleyi, syn. Bartonia aurea (Blazing partial shade and deep, well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
star). Fairly fast-growing, bushy annual. Propagate by division in spring or by seed cuttings in summer. Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
H 18in (45cm), S 8in (20cm). Has fleshy stems in fall. M. excelsa, syn. M. tomentosa, illus. p.450. shrubs, subshrubs and perennials, suitable
and lance-shaped, toothed leaves. In summer M. echioides. Clump-forming perennial. M. robusta (New Zealand Christmas tree, for rock gardens and banks. Needs sun and
has fragrant, cup-shaped, deep yellow H 6–9in (15–23cm), S 6in (15cm). Has Northern rata). Robust, evergreen, rounded well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in
flowers, with conspicuous stamens. H9–1. basal rosettes of long, oval, hairy, blue- tree. H 70–80ft (20–25m) or more, S 30–50ft spring or by softwood cuttings in early
green leaves. Slender stems bear many (10–15m). Oblong to elliptic, leathery leaves summer.
MENYANTHES open funnel-shaped, dark blue flowers are dark green and lustrous. Has large M. juliana. Evergreen or semievergreen,
in summer. Z6–9 H9–6. clusters of flowers,  which are mostly bushy shrub or subshrub. H and S 12in
MENYANTHACEAE M. maritima, illus. p.356. composed of long, dark red stamens, in (30cm). Produces small, oval, aromatic,
M. pulmonarioides. See M. virginica. winter. green leaves pressed close to stems. In
Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal M. virginica, syn. M. pulmonarioides, M. tomentosa. See M. excelsa. summer, minute, tubular, bright deep pink
water plants, grown for their foliage and illus. p.261. flowers are borne in whorls on upper parts
flowers. Prefers an open, sunny position. MEUM of stems. Z7–10 H10–7.
Remove fading flower heads and foliage, MERWILLA
and divide overcrowded clumps in spring. UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE MIKANIA
Propagate by stem cuttings in spring. HYACINTHACEAE/LILIACEAE
M. trifoliata, illus. p.434. Genus of summer-flowering perennials, COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
Genus of 3 bulbs grown for their spikes of grown for their aromatic leaves. Is useful
634 MENZIESIA blue flowers in summer. Grows in well- on banks and in wild gardens. Needs sun Genus of evergreen or herbaceous,
drained soil in full sun or semi-shade. and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed scrambling or twining climbers, shrubs
ERICACEAE Propagate by division when dormant or by when fresh, in fall. and erect perennials, grown for their
seed in fall. M. athamanticum (Baldmoney, Spignel). foliage and flower heads. Needs partial
Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for Upright, clump-forming perennial. shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Water
their small, urn-shaped flowers. Needs
partial shade and fertile, moist, peaty,

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regularly when in full growth, less at other cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Bears lightly speckled with brown, are borne MITRARIA
times. Stem support is needed. Thin out sprays of white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, in late summer. Z7–10 H10–7.
congested growth in spring. Propagate by marked reddish-brown and purple; M. naiandinus, syn. M. ‘Andean Nymph’, GESNERIACEAE
semiripe or softwood cuttings in summer. flowering season varies. Narrowly oval, illus. p.264.
Aphids may be a problem. soft leaves are 4–5in (10–12cm) long. M. ringens, illus. p.441. Genus of one species of evergreen, woody-
M. scandens (Hemp vine). Herbaceous, Requires shade in summer. H11–6. M. ‘Royal Velvet’. Compact perennial, stemmed, scrambling climber. Requires
twining climber. H 10–15ft (3–5m). Oval to often grown as an annual. H 12in (30cm), partial shade and peaty, acidic soil.
triangular, mid-green leaves have 2 basal MIMOSA S 9in (23cm). Leaves are mid-green. Propagate by seed in spring or by stem
lobes. Tiny, groundsel-like, pink to purple Produces many large, snapdragon-like, cuttings in summer.
flower heads are produced in compact LEGUMINOSAE/MIMOSACEAE mahogany-red flowers, with mahogany- M. coccinea, illus. p.193.
clusters in summer–fall. Z12–15 H12–10. speckled, gold throats, throughout summer.
Genus of annuals, evergreen perennials, Z6–9 H9–6. MOLINIA
MILIUM shrubs, trees and scrambling climbers,
grown for their flowers and foliage. Mina. See Ipomoea. GRAMINEAE/POACEAE
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE M. pudica is usually grown as an annual.
Needs partial shade and fertile, well- MIRABILIS See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES
See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES drained soil. Water container specimens and SEDGES.
and SEDGES. freely when in full growth, moderately NYCTAGINACEAE M. altissima. See M. caerulea subsp.
M. effusum (Wood millet). Z6–9 H9–6. at other times. Propagate by seed in arundinacea.
‘Aureum’ is an evergreen, tuft-forming, spring, shrubs also by semiripe cuttings Genus of summer-flowering annuals and M. caerulea (Purple moor grass). Z5–9
perennial grass. H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm). in summer. Red spider mite may be a tuberous perennials. Prefers a sheltered, H9–1. subsp. arundinacea, syn.
Has flat, golden-yellow leaves. Produces nuisance. sunny position and fertile, well-drained M. altissima is a tuft-forming, herbaceous,
open, tiered panicles of greenish-yellow M. pudica, illus. p.457. soil. Lift tubers and store over winter in perennial grass. H 8ft (2.5m), S 2ft (60cm).
spikelets in summer. Self-seeds readily in frost-free conditions. Propagate by seed Has broad, flat, gray-green leaves and
a shady site. MIMULUS or division of tubers in early spring. spreading panicles of purple spikelets on
M. jalapa, illus. p.233. stiff, erect stems in summer. Needs a dry,
MILLA Monkey musk sunny position and acidic soil. subsp.
MISCANTHUS arundinacea ‘Transparent’, illus. p.286.
LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE SCROPHULARIACEAE/PHRYMACEAE subsp. caerulea ‘Heidebraut’, illus.
GRAMINEAE/POACEAE p.285. subsp. caerulea ‘Variegata’
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, grown Genus of annuals, perennials and (Variegated purple moor grass), H 2ft (60cm),
for their fragrant flowers, each comprising evergreen shrubs. Small species are See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES has yellow-striped, mid-green leaves and, in
a slender tube with 6 spreading, star- suitable for damp pockets in rock gardens. and SEDGES. late summer, panicles of purplish spikelets.
shaped petals at the tip. Needs a sheltered, Most prefer full sun and wet or moist soil; M. sacchariflorus (Silver banner grass).
sunny position and well-drained soil. Plant some such as M. aurantiacus need a dry Vigorous, herbaceous, slow-spreading, MOLTKIA M
in spring. After flowering, lift bulbs and site. Propagate perennials by division in rhizomatous, perennial grass. H 10ft (3m),
partially dry off for winter. Propagate by spring, subshrubs by softwood cuttings S  indefinite. Hairless, mid-green leaves BORAGINACEAE
seed or offsets in spring. in late summer, annuals and all species last into winter, often turning bronze.
M. biflora. Summer-flowering bulb. by seed in fall or early spring. Produces open, branched panicles of Genus of deciduous, semievergreen or
H 12–18in (30–45cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). M. ‘Andean Nymph’. See M. naiandinus. hairy, purplish-brown spikelets in evergreen subshrubs and perennials,
Has long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves. M. aurantiacus, syn. M. glutinosus, summer. Z8–9 H9–8. grown for their funnel-shaped flowers in
Stem bears loose head of 2–6 erect, white Diplacus glutinosus, illus. p.162. M. sinensis (Eulalia grass, Japanese summer. Prefers sun and well-drained,
flowers, 11/4–21/2in (3–6cm) across, each M. cupreus ‘Whitecroft Scarlet’. Short- silver grass). var. condensatus neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by semiripe
on a slender stalk to 8in (20cm) long. lived, spreading perennial. H 8–12in ‘Cosmopolitan’ illus. p.285. ‘Flamingo’ cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
Z9–10 H10–9. (20–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Bears illus. p.286. ‘Gracillimus’ illus. p.286. M. x intermedia. Evergreen, open, dome-
snapdragon-like, scarlet flowers freely ‘Yakushima Dwarf’ illus. p.285. shaped subshrub. H 12in (30cm), S 20in
MILTONIA from early to late summer. Has oval, ‘Zebrinus’ illus. p.284. (50cm). Stems are clothed in narrowly
toothed, mid-green leaves. Z8–9 H9–8. linear, dark green leaves. Masses of loose
ORCHIDACEAE M. glutinosus. See M. aurantiacus. MITCHELLA spikes of small, open funnel-shaped, bright
M. guttatus, syn. M. langsdorffii blue flowers are borne in summer. Z7–9
See also ORCHIDS. (Common large monkey flower). Partridgeberry H9–7.
M. candida. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid Spreading, mat-forming perennial. H  and RUBIACEAE M. petraea. Semievergreen, bushy shrub.
for a cool or intermediate greenhouse. S 24in (60cm). Snapdragon-like, bright H 12in (30cm), S 24in (60cm). Fully hardy.
H 8in (20cm). Cream-lipped, green- yellow flowers, spotted with reddish-brown Genus of evergreen, trailing subshrubs, Has long, narrow, hairy leaves. Clusters
patterned, brown flowers, 2in (5cm) across, on lower lobes, are borne in succession in grown for their foliage and fruits. Makes of pinkish-purple buds open into funnel-
are borne in spikes in fall. Has narrowly summer and early fall. Oval, mid-green excellent groundcover, especially in shaped, violet-blue flowers in summer.
oval leaves, 4–5in (10–12cm) long. Needs leaves are coarsely or sometimes deeply woodlands, although is sometimes difficult Z7–9 H9–7.
partial shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. toothed. Z6–9 H9–6. to establish. Prefers partial shade and rich, M. suffruticosa, illus. p.342.
M. clowesii. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid M. x hybridus, illus. p.445. neutral to acidic soil. Propagate by division
for an intermediate greenhouse. H 8in M. langsdorffii. See M. guttatus. of rooted runners in spring or by seed in MOLUCCELLA
(20cm). In early summer produces large M. lewisii. Upright perennial. H 24in fall.
spikes of yellow flowers, 11/2in (4cm) wide, (60cm), S 18in (45cm). Has downy, sticky, M. repens (Partridgeberry). Evergreen, LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
barred with reddish-brown and with gray leaves that provide an excellent foil for trailing, mat-forming subshrub. H 2in
white-and-mauve lips. Has broadly oval snapdragon-like, deep rose-pink flowers (5cm), S indefinite. Bears small, oval, white- Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
leaves, 12in (30cm) long. Needs partial borne singly in summer. Z5–8 H8–5. striped, green leaves with heart-shaped for their flowers, which may be dried
shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. M. luteus (Monkey musk, Yellow monkey bases. In early summer has pairs of tiny, successfully. Needs sun and rich, very well-
flower). Spreading perennial. H  and S 12in fragrant, tubular, white flowers, sometimes drained soil. Propagate by seed sown under
MILTONIOPSIS (30cm). Throughout summer, snapdragon- purple-tinged, followed by spherical, bright glass in spring, or outdoors in late spring.
like, occasionally red-spotted, yellow red fruits. Is suitable for a rock garden or M. laevis, illus. p.316.
Pansy orchid flowers are freely produced above hairy, peat bed. Z4–9 H9–1.
mid-green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. MONARDA 635
ORCHIDACEAE M. Magic Series. Early-flowering MITELLA
perennial. H 6–8in (15–20cm). In summer Bee balm
See also ORCHIDS. produces small, snapdragon-like flowers, Bishop’s cap, Miterwort
M. Anjou gx ‘St. Patrick’, illus. p.467. ranging from bright orange, yellow, and SAXIFRAGACEAE LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE
Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool red to more usual pastel shades and
greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Has sprays of bicolors. Z9–10 H10–9. ‘Magic Yellow Genus of clump-forming, summer- Genus of annuals and perennials, grown
deep crimson flowers, 4in (10cm) across, Blotch’ illus. p.322. flowering, slender-stemmed, rhizomatous for their aromatic foliage as well as their
with red and yellow patterns on each lip, M. moschatus (Musk). Deciduous, perennials. Requires partial shade and rich, flowers. Requires sun and moist soil.
mainly in summer. Narrowly oval, soft prostrate, perennial, bog plant. H 4in moist soil. Propagate by division in spring Propagate species and cultivars by division
leaves are 4–5in (10–12cm) long. Needs (10cm), S 6in (15cm). Has oval, hairy, pale or by seed in fall. in spring, species only by seed in spring.
shade in summer. H11–6. green leaves. Small, pale yellow flowers, M. breweri, illus. p.371. M. ‘Adam’. Clump-forming perennial.
M. Robert Strauss gx ‘Ardingly’, illus. H 30in (75cm), S 18in (45cm). Bears dense
p.466. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a whorls of 2-lipped, cerise flowers
throughout summer. Oval, usually toothed,
mid-green leaves are aromatic and hairy.
Z4–9 H9–1.

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M. ‘Cambridge Scarlet’, illus. p.235. MORINA MUEHLENBECKIA MUSCARI
M. ‘Croftway Pink’, illus. p.233.
M. fistulosa, illus. p.239. MORINACEAE/CAPRIFOLIACEAE POLYGONACEAE Grape hyacinth
M. ‘Prairie Night’. See M. ‘Prärienacht’.
M. ‘Prärienacht’, syn. M. ‘Prairie Genus of evergreen perennials, only one Genus of deciduous or evergreen, HYACINTHACEAE/LILIACEAE.
Night’. Clump-forming perennial. H 4ft species of which is in general cultivation: slender-stemmed, summer-flowering
(1.2m), S 11/2ft (45cm). Produces dense this is grown for its thistle-like foliage and shrubs and woody-stemmed, scrambling Genus of spring-flowering bulbs, each with
whorls of 2-lipped, rich violet-purple its flowers. Protect from drying spring climbers, grown for their foliage. Needs a cluster of narrowly strap-shaped, basal
flowers from mid- to late summer. winds. Needs full sun and well-drained, sun or partial shade and well-drained leaves, usually appearing in spring just
Oval, toothed leaves are mid-green. preferably sandy soil. Propagate by soil. Propagate by semiripe cuttings before flowers. Leafless flower stems bear
Z4–9 H9–1. division directly after flowering or by seed in summer. dense spikes of small flowers, most
M. spathacea. See Moraea spathulata. when fresh, in late summer. M. axillaris of gardens. See M. complexa. of which have constricted mouths. Needs
M. longifolia, illus. p.231. M. complexa, syn. M. axillaris of sun and fairly well-drained soil. Plant in
MONSTERA gardens. (Maidenhair vine). Deciduous, fall. Propagate by division in late summer
MORISIA mound-forming shrub or twining or by seed in fall.
ARACEAE climber. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 3ft (1m). M. armeniacum, illus. p.420. ‘Blue
CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE Slender, wiry stems bear variably shaped Spike’ is a spring-flowering bulb. H 6–8in
Genus of evergreen, woody-stemmed, (oval to fiddle-shaped), dark green (15–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Produces 3–6
root climbers, grown for their large Genus of one species of rosetted perennial leaves. Tiny, star-shaped, greenish-white long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves.
leaves. Bears insignificant, creamy- with a long taproot. Is good for rock flowers, in mid-summer, are followed by Bears dense spikes of fragrant, bell-shaped,
white flowers with hooded spathes gardens and alpine houses. Needs sun small, spherical, waxy, white fruits. deep blue flowers; constricted mouths
intermittently. Needs partial shade and and gritty, well-drained soil. Propagate by Z8–10 H10–8. have rims of paler blue or white “teeth”.
rich, well-drained soil. Water moderately, seed in fall or by root cuttings in winter. M. aucheri, syn. M. lingulatum, illus.
less when temperatures are low. Provide M. hypogaea. See M. monanthos. Mulgedium. See Cicerbita. p.420.
support. If necessary, shorten long stems M. monanthos, syn. M. hypogaea, illus. M. azureum, syn. Pseudomuscari
in spring. Propagate by leaf-bud or stem- p.358. MURRAYA azureum, Hyacinthus azureus. Spring-
flowering bulb. H 4–6in (10–15cm), S 2–3in
tip cuttings in summer. T All parts MORUS RUTACEAE (5–8cm). Bears 2 or 3 narrow, semi-erect,
grayish-green, basal leaves, slightly wider
except the fruit may cause mild stomach Mulberry Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, towards tips. Produces very dense spike
upset when ingested, and contact with grown for their overall appearance. of bell-shaped, pale clear blue flowers;
the fruit may irritate skin. MORACEAE Requires full light or partial shade and mouths have small “teeth” with central,
M. acuminata (Shingle plant). Evergreen, rich, well-drained soil. Water container dark blue stripes. May self-seed freely.
woody-stemmed, root climber with robust Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their plants freely when in full growth, Z5–9 H9–1.
stems. H 10ft (3m) or more. Has lopsided, foliage and edible fruits. Tiny flowers are moderately at other times. Pruning is M. botryoides (Common grape hyacinth).
oval, pointed, rich green leaves with heart- produced in spring. Requires full sun and tolerated in late winter, if necessary. Spring-flowering bulb. H 6–8in (15–20cm),
shaped base, sometimes cleft into a few fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by Propagate by seed in spring or by S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears 2–4 narrow,
large lobes, to 10in (25cm) long. Z14–15 softwood cuttings in summer or by seed in semiripe cuttings in summer. Whitefly semierect, basal leaves that widen
H12–10. fall. may be troublesome. slightly at tips. Each minute, nearly
M. deliciosa, illus. p.463. M. alba (White mulberry). Z4–8 H8–1. M. exotica. See M. paniculata. spherical, bright blue flower has a
‘Laciniata’ illus. p.88. ‘Pendula’ is a M. paniculata, syn. M. exotica (Orange constricted mouth and white-toothed
M MORAEA deciduous, weeping tree. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft jasmine). Evergreen, rounded shrub or rim. Z2–8 H8–1. ‘Album’ illus. p.415.
(5m). Rounded, sometimes lobed, glossy, tree. H  and S 6–12ft (2–4m). Pungently M. comosum, syn. Leopoldia comosa
636 IRIDACEAE deep green leaves turn yellow in fall. aromatic, edible, glossy, rich green leaves (Tassel grape hyacinth). Late spring-
Edible, oval, fleshy, pink, red or purple are divided into 9 or more oval leaflets. flowering bulb. H 8–12in (20–30cm),
Genus of corms, grown for their short- fruits ripen in summer. Fragrant, 5-petaled, white flowers, in S 4–5in (10–12cm). Has up to 5 strap-
lived, iris-like flowers. Divides into two M. nigra (Black mulberry). Deciduous, terminal clusters year-round, are followed shaped, semierect, gray-green, basal
groups: winter- and summer-growing round-headed tree. H 40ft (12m), S 50ft by tiny, egg-shaped, red fruits. Z9–11 leaves. Bears loose spike of bell-shaped,
species. Winter-growing species need (15m). Heart-shaped, dark green leaves H12–9. fertile, brownish-yellow flowers, with tuft
full sun and well-drained soil; keep dry turn yellow in fall. Bears edible, oval, of threadlike, sterile, purplish-blue flowers
in summer during dormancy and start succulent, dark purplish-red fruits in late MUSA at tip. Z4–8 H8–1. ‘Monstrosum’. See M.
into growth by watering in fall. Summer- summer or early fall. Z5–9 H9–5. comosum ‘Plumosum’. ‘Plumosum’, syn.
growers are dormant in winter; grow in Banana M. comosum ‘Monstrosum’ illus. p.419.
a sheltered, sunny site and well-drained MUCUNA M. latifolium, illus. p.403.
soil. Propagate winter growers by seed MUSACEAE M. lingulatum. See M. aucheri.
in fall, summer growers by seed in LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE M. macrocarpum, illus. p.421.
spring. Genus of evergreen, palmlike, suckering M. neglectum, syn. M. racemosum, illus.
M. huttonii, illus. p.393. Genus of vigorous, evergreen, twining perennials, with false stems formed p.420.
M. polystachya. Winter-growing corm. climbers, grown for their large, pealike from overlapping leaf sheaths, grown M. pycnantha. See Bellevalia pycnantha.
H to 12in (30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Bears flowers. Needs partial shade and rich, for their foliage, flowers and fruits M. racemosum. See M. neglectum.
long, narrow, semi-erect, basal leaves. moist but well-drained soil. Water freely (bananas), not all of which are edible.
Stem has a succession of erect, flattish, when in full growth, less at other times. Needs sun or partial shade and rich, MUSSAENDA
blue or lilac flowers, 3in (8cm) wide, in Needs plenty of space to climb; provide well-drained soil. Propagate by division
winter–spring. Outer petals each have support. Thin out crowded stems in spring. year-round, by offsets in summer or RUBIACEAE
central, yellow mark. Z9–10 H10–9. Propagate by seed in spring or by layering by suckers after flowering.
M. ramosissima. Late spring- to early in late summer. Whitefly and red spider M. arnoldiana. See Ensete ventricosum. Genus of evergreen shrubs and scrambling
summer-flowering corm. H 20–48in mite may cause problems. M. basjoo, syn. M. japonica, illus. p.219. climbers, grown for their flowers. Requires
(50–120cm), S 4in (10cm). Has numerous, M. bennettii (New Guinea creeper). Fast- M. coccinea, syn. M. uranoscopus of full light and fertile, well-drained soil.
semierect, narrowly linear, channeled, growing, evergreen, twining climber. garden (Scarlet banana). Evergreen, Water freely when in full growth, less at
basal leaves. Bears yellow flowers, with H 50–80ft (15–25m). Leaves are divided into palmlike perennial. H to 3ft (1m), S 5ft other times. Provide support and thin
deeper yellow marks on inner petals, on 3 oval leaflets. In summer has pendent (1.5m). Bears oblong to oval, dark green out crowded stems in spring. Propagate
many-branched stems. Z11–13 H12–6. clusters of pealike, orange-scarlet flowers. leaves, to 3ft (1m) long, that are paler by seed in spring or by air-layering in
M. sisyrinchium, syn. Gynandiris Z5–9 H9–5. below. In summer produces erect spirals summer. Whitefly and red spider mite may
sisyrinchium, illus. p.419. M. deeringiana. See M. pruriens var. of tubular, yellow flowers, enclosed in cause problems.
M. spathulata, syn. Monarda spathacea. utilis. red bracts, followed by banana-like, M. erythrophylla. Moderately
Summer-flowering corm. H to 3ft (1m), M. pruriens var. utilis, syn. M. orange-yellow fruits, 2in (5cm) long. vigorous,  evergreen, scrambling climber.
S 4–6in (10–15cm). Has solitary, long, deeringiana. Vigorous, evergreen, twining Z11–12 H12–5. H 20–30ft (6–10m). Has broadly oval, bright
narrow, semi-erect, basal leaf. Tough climber. H 50ft (15m) or more. Has pealike, M. ensete. See Ensete ventricosum. green leaves and flowers in summer–fall.
flower stem bears a succession of up to both green- and red-purple flowers in long, M. japonica. See M. basjoo. Each flower has greatly enlarged, oval,
5 upward-facing, yellow flowers, 2–3in pendent clusters in summer–fall. Leaves, M. ornata, illus. p.470. bract-like, red sepal, a red tube and yellow
(5–7cm) wide, with reflexed, outer petals, divided into 3 oval leaflets, are used for M. uranoscopus of gardens. See M. petal lobes. Z11 H12–7.
in summer. Z8–10 H10–8. fodder and green manure. May be short- coccinea.
lived. Z14–15 H12–10.

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MUTISIA or short-lived perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 6in gardens. Needs sun or partial shade and N
(15cm). Lance-shaped, leathery leaves are any fertile, well-drained soil other than a
COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE dark green. Bears rounded, bright blue shallow, chalky one. Propagate by semiripe NANDINA
flowers in summer. Z4–8 H8–1. cuttings in summer.
Genus of evergreen, tendril climbers, M. palustris. See M. scorpioides. M. africana (African boxwood). Very BERBERIDACEAE
grown for their long-lasting flower M. rupicola. See M. alpestris. slow-growing, evergreen, bushy, dense
heads. Plant with roots in shade and leafy M. scorpioides, syn. M. palustris (Water shrub. H and S 30in (75cm). Small, glossy, Genus of one species of evergreen or
parts in sun, in well-drained soil. Propagate forget-me-not). Z5–9 H9–5. ‘Mermaid’ dark green leaves are aromatic and semievergreen, summer-flowering shrub,
by seed in spring, by stem cuttings in illus. p.441. rounded. Tiny, yellowish-brown flowers in grown for its foliage and flowers. Prefers
summer or by layering in fall. M. Sylva Series, illus. p.313. late spring are followed by spherical, pale a sheltered, sunny site and fertile, well-
M. decurrens, illus. p.208. M. sylvatica ‘White Ball’ is a slow- blue fruits. Z9–10 H10–9. drained but not too dry soil. On established
M. oligodon. Evergreen, tendril climber. growing, short-lived, bushy, compact plants, prune untidy, old stems to base in
H to 5ft (1.5m). Oblong, glossy, green perennial, grown as a biennial. H to 8in MYRTILLOCACTUS spring. Propagate by semiripe cuttings in
leaves, 1–11/2in (2.5–3.5cm) long, have (20cm), S 6in (15cm). Leaves are lance- summer.
sharply toothed margins. In summer–fall shaped. Sprays of tiny, 5-lobed, pure white CACTACEAE N. domestica. Evergreen or
produces long-stalked, daisylike, pink flowers are produced in early summer. semievergreen, upright shrub. H and S 6ft
flower heads, with yellow centers. Grow Genus of branching, perennial cacti, grown (2m). Leaves have narrowly lance-shaped,
against a low wall or through a shrub. Myrceugenia apiculata. See Luma for their ribbed, spiny, blue-green stems. dark green leaflets, purplish-red when
Z9–10 H10–9. apiculata. Bears star-shaped flowers that open at young and in fall–winter. Large panicles of
night. Needs sun and well-drained soil. small, star-shaped, white flowers, with large
MYOPORUM MYRICA Propagate by seed or stem cuttings in yellow anthers, in mid-summer are followed
spring or summer. in warm climates by spherical, red fruits.
MYOPORACEAE/SCROPHULARIACEAE MYRICACEAE M. geometrizans, illus. p.489. Z6–11 H12–4. ‘Fire Power’, illus. p.143.

Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Genus of deciduous and evergreen, usually MYRTUS NARCISSUS N
grown for their overall appearance and suckering shrubs and trees, suitable as
as hedges and windbreaks. Prefers full light screening plants. M. gale is a useful bog Myrtle Daffodil 637
and well-drained soil; will tolerate poor garden plant. Requires full sun or partial
soil. Water container specimens shade and rich, moist soil. Propagate by MYRTACEAE AMARYLLIDACEAE
moderately. Propagate by seed when ripe layering in spring, by greenwood cuttings
or in spring or by semiripe cuttings in late in summer or by seed as soon as ripe. Genus of evergreen shrubs, sometimes Genus of bulbs, grown for their flowers.
summer. M. gale, illus. p.162. treelike, grown for their flowers, fruits and Daffodils have usually linear, basal leaves
M. laetum (Ngaio). Evergreen, rounded aromatic foliage. At limits of hardiness, and a spread of up to 8in (20cm). Each
to upright shrub or tree. H 10–30ft (3–10m), MYRIOPHYLLUM plant against a south- or west-facing wall. flower has a trumpet or cup and petals
S 6–15ft (2–5m). Has fleshy, oval, lustrous, Requires full sun and fertile, well-drained (botanically known as perianth segments).
bright green leaves. Axillary clusters Milfoil soil. May be pruned in spring. Propagate Prefers sun or partial shade and well-
of small, bell-shaped, white flowers, HALORAGACEAE by semiripe cuttings in late summer. drained soil, but Div.8 cultivars (see below)
dotted with purple, in spring–summer, are M. apiculata. See Luma apiculata. prefer a sunny site and tolerate lighter
followed by tiny, narrowly ovoid, pale to Genus of deciduous, perennial, submerged M. bullata. See Lophomyrtus bullata. soils. Deadhead flowers and remove the
deep red-purple fruits. Z11–15 H12–10. water plants, grown for their foliage. Most M. chequen. See Luma chequen. faded foliage in mid-summer. Most
M. parvifolium, illus. p.454. species are ideal as depositories for fish M. communis, illus. p.122. subsp. cultivars increase naturally by offsets;
spawn. Requires full sun. Spreads widely; tarentina (Dwarf myrtle) is an evergreen, dense clumps should be divided no sooner
MYOSOTIDIUM keep in check by removing excess growth bushy shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Bears small than 6 weeks after flowering every 3–5
as required. Propagate by stem cuttings in leaves that are narrowly oval, glossy and years. Propagate species by seed when
BORAGINACEAE spring or summer. dark green. Produces fragrant, saucer- fresh, in late summer or fall. Narcissus
M. aquaticum, syn. M. proserpinacoides shaped, white flowers, each with dense yellow stripe virus, basal rot, slugs, large
Genus of one species of evergreen (Diamond milfoil). Deciduous, perennial, cluster of stamens, from mid-spring to narcissus fly and bulb and stem eelworm
perennial that is suitable for mild, partially or completely submerged water early summer, followed by spherical, white
coastal areas. Prefers partial shade and plant. S indefinite. Spreading, finely fruits. Is very wind-resistant and good for may cause problems. T Contact with the
moist soil. Seaweed is often recommended divided, blue-green leaves turn reddish in hedging in a mild area. Z8–9 H9–8.
as a mulch. Is not easy to cultivate, and fall if they surface. Z6–11 H12–6. M. luma. See Luma apiculata. sap of daffodils may irritate skin or
once established should not be disturbed. M. hippuroides (Western milfoil). M. ugni. See Ugni molinae. aggravate skin allergies. Horticulturally,
Propagate by division in spring or by seed Deciduous, perennial, spreading, Narcissus is split into the following
when ripe, in summer or fall. submerged water plant with thin stems. divisions (see also feature panel pp.404–05).
M. hortensia, syn. Myosotidium nobile, S  indefinite. Produces dense mass of small,
illus. p.271. feathery, pale green leaves. Inconspicuous, Div.1 Trumpet—usually solitary flowers
greenish-cream flowers are borne from each have a trumpet that is as long as, or
Myosotidium nobile. See Myosotidium axils of emergent leaves in summer. Is longer than, the petals. Early to late spring-
hortensia. suitable for a cold-water aquarium. Z9–11 flowering.
H12–10.
MYOSOTIS M. proserpinacoides. See M. aquaticum. Div.2 Large cupped—solitary flowers
M. verticillatum, illus. p.443. each have a cup at least one-third the
Forget-me-not length of, but shorter than, the petals.
MYRRHIS Spring-flowering.
BORAGINACEAE
Sweet Cicely Div.3 Small-cupped—flowers are
Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, UMBELLIFERAE/APIACEAE often borne singly; each has a cup not
grown for their flowers. Most species more than one-third the length of the
are good for rock gardens and screes; Genus of one species of summer-flowering petals. Spring- or early summer-flowering.
M. scorpioides is best grown as a marginal perennial. Requires sun or partial shade
water plant. Most prefer sun or partial and well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in Div.4 Double—most have solitary, large,
shade and fertile, well-drained soil. fall or spring. fully or semidouble flowers, sometimes
Propagate by seed in fall. M. odorata, illus. p.230. scented, with both cup and petals or cup
M. alpestris, syn. M. rupicola, illus. p.356. alone replaced by petaloid structures. Some
M. australis. Short-lived, tuft-forming MYRSINE have smaller flowers, produced in clusters
perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 3in (8cm). Has of 4 or more, which are often sweetly
oval, rough-textured leaves and, in MYRSINACEAE/PRIMULACEAE fragrant. Spring- or early summer-
summer, tight sprays of open funnel- flowering.
shaped, yellow or white flowers. Is good Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
for a scree. Z4–8 H8–1. with inconspicuous flowers, grown mainly Div.5 Triandrus—nodding flowers, with
M. caespitosa. See M. laxa subsp. for their foliage. Also bears decorative short, sometimes straight-sided cups and
caespitosa. fruits, to obtain which plants of both sexes narrow, reflexed petals, are borne 2–6 per
M. laxa subsp. caespitosa, syn. M. must be grown. Is suitable for rock stem. Flowers are produced in spring.
caespitosa. Clump-forming annual
Div.6 Cyclamineus—flowers are borne
usually 1 or 2 per stem, each with a cup

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N sometimes flanged and often longer than N. ‘Ambergate’, Div.2 (illus. p.405). Mid- flowers have white petals and long, flared, small flowers with milky-white petals and
those of Div.5. Petals are narrow, pointed spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). primrose cups, which fade to lemon, with fairly long, soft primrose cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
638 and reflexed. Early to mid-spring-flowering. Flowers each have shallow, widely darker rims. Foliage is bluish-green. Is N. ‘Dutch Delight’, Div.2. Vigorous,
expanded, fiery scarlet cup and soft suitable for cut flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. early- or mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in
Div.7 Jonquil and Apodanthus— tangerine petals. Z3–9 H9–1. N. bulbocodium (Hoop-petticoat daffodil) (45cm). Has large flowers with bright
sweetly scented flowers are borne usually 2 N. ‘Arctic Gold’, Div.1. Mid-spring- Div.13 (illus. p.405). Vigorous, spring- yellow petals and deep, orange-red
or more per stem. Cup is short, sometimes flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Rich golden- flowering bulb. H 3–6in (8–15cm). Flowers trumpets.
flanged; petals are often flat, fairly broad yellow flowers have broad petals and are golden-yellow with conical cups and N. ‘Electrus’, Div.11a. Mid-spring-
and rounded. Spring-flowering. well-proportioned, flanged trumpets with narrow, pointed petals. Thrives in moist flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Bears large
neatly serrated rims. Is suitable for sod in full sun. Z3–9 H9–1. var. citrinus, flowers with white petals and flattened,
Div.8 Tazetta—sweetly fragrant flowers exhibition. Z3–9 H9–1. H 6in (15cm), has slender, dark green leaves green-eyed, pink-orange cups.
of small-flowered cultivars are borne in N. assoanus, syn. N. juncifolius, and clear pale lemon flowers. Hybrids of N. ‘Empress of Ireland’, Div.1
clusters of 12 or more per stem; large- N. requienii Div.13. Mid-spring-flowering this species are in Div.10. (illus. p.404). Mid-spring-flowering bulb.
flowered cultivars have 3 or 4 flowers per bulb. H 6in (15cm). Is similar to N. jonquilla, N. campernelli. See N. x odorus. H 16in (40cm). Large, robust, milk-white
stem. All have a small, often straight-sided but has thin, cylindrical leaves and N. ‘Canaliculatus’, Div.8 (illus. p.404). flowers have broad, overlapping petals,
cup and broad, mostly pointed petals. Late rounded, bright clear yellow flowers with Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). reflexed at the apex, and a slightly darker,
fall- to mid-spring-flowering. Fall- a sweet, slightly lemony fragrance. Thrives Each stem produces cluster of 4 or more flanged trumpet with a rolled, crenate
flowering hybrids provide valuable cut in sunny, gritty soil. Z3–9 H9–1. small, fragrant flowers, with reflexed, white mouth. Z3–9 H9–1.
flowers; “prepared” bulbs may be grown N. asturiensis, syn. N. minimus of petals and shallow, straight-sided, yellow N. ‘Eystettensis’, syn. N. ‘Capax Plenus’
in pots for mid-winter flowering. gardens, Div.13. Late winter- or early cup. Z6–10 H10–3. (Queen Anne’s double daffodil) Div.4. Mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 3in (8cm). Small, N. ‘Canisp’, Div.2. Robust, mid-spring- spring-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm).
Div.9 Poeticus—flowers, sometimes pale yellow flowers have waisted trumpets flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Bears large, Dainty, double flowers are composed of
borne 2 per stem, may be sweetly fragrant. and slender petals. Prefers full sun. Z3–9 milky-white flowers, with broad, pointed, soft pale primrose petaloids neatly
Each has a small, colored cup and H9–1. overlapping petals, lightly reflexed at apex, arranged in whorls. Z3–9 H9–1.
glistening white petals. Some N. poeticus N. ‘Avalanche’, Div.8 (illus. p.405). Early and slightly darker, flanged, trumpet-like N. ‘February Gold’, Div.6. Early spring-
hybrids are categorized as Div.3 or 8. spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). cup, with rolled, crenate mouth. Z3–9 H9–1. flowering bulb. H 13in (32cm). Solitary,
Late spring- or early summer-flowering. Produces 8 or more sweetly fragrant N. ‘Cantabile’, Div.9. Late spring- long-lasting flowers have clear golden
flowers, with white petals and primrose- flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Stiff stems petals and long, flanged, slightly darker
Div.10 Bulbocodium—flowers usually yellow cup that scarcely fades. May be bear neat, well-rounded, glistening white trumpets. Is useful for a border and for
borne singly on very short stems, showing forced for mid-winter flowering. Z3–9 flowers, with tiny, red-rimmed, yellow cups naturalizing. Z3–9 H9–1.
all the hallmarks of hoop-petticoat daffodils H9–1. and prominent, green eyes. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘February Silver’, Div.6 (illus. p.405).
(N. bulbocodium subsp. bulbocodium), N. ‘Avalon’, Div.2. Mid-spring-flowering N. cantabricus (White hoop-petticoat Robust, early spring-flowering bulb.
with insignificant petals and a bulb. H 14in (35cm). Rounded, bright daffodil) Div.13. Winter-flowering bulb. H 13in (32cm). Long-lasting flowers with
disproportionately large, widely flaring lemon-yellow flowers have wide, fluted H 6–8in (15–20cm). Milky- or ice-white milky-white petals and long, sturdy,
cup. Winter- to spring-flowering. cups that become white with age. flowers have conical trumpets and tiny, nodding trumpets open rich lemon and
N. ‘Barrett Browning’, Div.3. Early to pointed petals. Thrives in an alpine house age to creamy-yellow. Z3–9 H9–1.
Div.11 Split-corona—usually solitary mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). or greenhouse. Z8–9 H9–8. N. ‘Fortune’, Div.2. Early to mid-spring-
flowers that have cups split for more than Flowers have pure white petals and short, N. ‘Cantatrice’, Div.1. Mid-spring- flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers
half their length. In (a), Collar daffodils, the frilled, orange-red cups. flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers have ribbed, dark lemon petals and bold,
overlapping segments of the cup lie against N. ‘Bartley’, Div.6 (illus. p.405). Early have pure white petals and slender, milky- flared, copper-orange cups. Is very good
the petals, but in (b), Papillon daffodils, the spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Long, white trumpets. Z3–9 H9–1. for cut flowers. Z3–9 H9–1.
segments of the cup tend to be narrower, slender, golden flowers have reflexed petals N. ‘Capax Plenus’. See N. ‘Eystettensis’. N. ‘Foxfire’, Div.2. Mid-spring-flowering
with their tips arranged at the margin of and narrow, angled trumpets. Flowers are N. ‘Cassata’, Div.11a (illus. p.405). Mid- bulb. H 14in (35cm). Has very rounded
the petals. Most flowers fall into category long-lasting. Z3–9 H9–1. spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Cups flowers with white petals. Small, greenish-
(a). Spring-flowering. N. ‘Belcanto’, Div.11a. Late spring- are soft primrose and distinctly split into cream cups have small, green eye zone and
flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers segments with ruffled margins, while petals coral-orange outer rim. Z3–9 H9–1.
Div.12 Miscellaneous—a miscellaneous have rounded petals, almost obscured by are broad and milky-white. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Fragrant Breeze’, Div.2 (illus. p.404).
category containing hybrids with varying, flattened, pale yellow cups. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Charity May’ Div.6 (illus. p.405). Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.
intermediate flower shapes that cannot be N. x biflorus. See N. x medioluteus. Early to mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 17in (43cm). Fragrant flowers have pure
satisfactorily classified elsewhere. Fall- to N. ‘Binkie’, Div.2 (illus. p.405). Early H 12in (30cm). Small, pale lemon flowers white petals and vase-shaped, apricot-
spring-flowering. spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). have broad, reflexed petals and slightly yellow cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
Flowers open pale lemon and cups turn darker cups. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Fragrant Rose’, Div.2. Late-spring-
Div.13 Daffodils distinguished solely sulfur-white with ruffled, lemon rims. N. ‘Cheerfulness’ Div.4 (illus. p.404). Mid- flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
by botanical name—a wide variety of Z3–9 H9–1. spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). have white petals, which become pink
flowers showing the huge range of floral N. ‘Birma’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering Long-lasting, small, sweetly scented, fully tinted with age, and conical, green-eyed,
characteristics of wild daffodils, from the bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers have soft double flowers are borne several to a stem, red-pink cups.
tiny N. cyclamineus and the sweetly yellow petals and fiery orange cups with with milky-white petals and petaloids N. ‘Gay Kybo’, Div.4. Mid-spring-
scented, many-flowered N. tazetta to the heavily ruffled rims. Z3–9 H9–1. interspersed with shorter, orange-yellow flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Bears large,
stately trumpet species. Flower in early fall N. ‘Bravoure’, Div.1. Early to mid-spring- ones at center. Is excellent for cut flowers. double flowers with multiple layers of
to early summer. flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Large Z3–9 H9–1. creamy-white petals and shorter, orange
flowers have overlapping, white petals N. ‘Cool Crystal’, Div.3. Mid-spring- trumpets.
Narcissus generally grow well in Z3–9 H9–1. and unusually slender, only slightly flared, flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Has white N. ‘Geranium’, Div.8. Mid- to late-spring-
lemon-yellow trumpets, with entire rims. flowers with bowl-shaped, green-eyed cups. flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Stems bear
N. ‘Acropolis’, Div.4. Mid- to late spring- Z3–9 H9–1. N. cyclamineus, Div.13. Late winter- to up to 6 scented flowers, with white petals
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Large, N. ‘Bridal Crown’, Div.4 (illus. p.404). early spring-flowering bulb. H 6in (15cm). and flattened, flared, orange-red cups. Is
double flowers have white, outer petals Late spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Slender, nodding, clear gold flowers have excellent for cut flowers, and can be grown
and petaloids; white, inner petals are Long-lasting, small, sweetly scented narrow, reflexed petals and long, slender, for indoor pots.
interspersed with shorter, orange-red flowers are semidouble, with rounded, flanged, waisted trumpets. Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Gold Convention’, Div.2. Mid-spring-
petaloids. Is suitable for exhibition. Z3–9 milk-white petals and white petaloids N. ‘Daydream’, Div.2. Mid-spring- flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large
H9–1. interspersed with shorter, saffron-orange flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers flowers have rich golden petals and deep
N. ‘Actaea’, Div.9 (illus. p.404). Late spring- ones toward center. Z3–9 H9–1. have green-yellow petals and pale trumpets trumpets in same color.
flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Fragrant N. ‘Broadway Star’, Div.11b (illus. p.404). that fade to white as they age. N. ‘Golden Ducat’ Div.4 (illus. p.405).
flowers have glistening white petals and Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). N. ‘Diversity’, Div.11a. Free-flowering, Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm).
shallow, flanged, rich lemon cups with Has white flowers. Expanded segments of mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Produces variable, sometimes poorly
narrow, orange-red rims. Z3–9 H9–1. split cups are flattened against petals; each Flowers have pure white petals and large, formed, double, rich golden flowers. Is
N. ‘Aircastle’, Div.3 (illus. p.405). Mid- has narrow, orange mid-stripe running shallow bowl-shaped, pink-tinted cups. Is suitable for cut flowers. Z3–9 H9–1.
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). lengthwise. Z3–9 H9–1. suitable for cut flowers. N. ‘Golden Vale’, Div.1. Mid-spring-
Flowers have white petals that age N. ‘Brunswick’, Div.2. Early spring- N. ‘Dove Wings’, Div.6 (illus. p.404). Mid- flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers
greenish; shallow, flat, lemon-yellow cups flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Long-lasting spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). Has have rich golden-yellow petals and
deepen in color at rim. Z3–9 H9–1.
N. ‘Albus Plenus Odoratus’. See N.
poeticus ‘Plenus’.
N. ‘Altruist’, Div.3 (illus. p.405). Mid-
spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
Flowers have smooth, pale orange petals
and neat, ribbed, shallow, orange-red cup.
Z3–9 H9–1.

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matching, flared trumpets. Is suitable double flowers; broad, incurved, yellow H 16in (40cm). Trumpet-shaped, creamy- bears larger, long-lasting flowers with N
for cut flowers. petals are interspersed with short, yellow flowers soon fade to white. Z3–9 strongly swept-back petals and very
N. ‘Grand Primo Citronère’, Div.8. darker ones. H9–1. shallow, crimson-rimmed, greenish-yellow 639
Late fall- to early spring-flowering bulb. N. ‘Jumblie’, Div.12. Early spring- N. nanus, Div.13. Early spring-flowering cups, in early summer.
H 13in (32cm). Bears 8 or more fragrant flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). Bears 2 or 3 bulb. H 5in (12cm). Flowers have twisted, N. ‘Portrush’, Div.3. Late spring- to early
flowers, with milky-white petals and clear long-lasting flowers, with broad, golden creamy petals and sturdy, straight, dull summer-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm).
lemon cups, which fade to cream. Treated petals and sturdy, flanged, orange-yellow yellow trumpets with frilled rim. Leaves are Produces small flowers with green-tinged,
bulbs may be forced for mid-winter cups. Is ideal as a container plant. Z3–9 particularly broad. Is suitable for glistening milky-white petals and small,
flowering. Is good for cut flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. naturalizing. Z3–9 H9–1. shallow, flanged, creamy-white cups with
H9–1. N. juncifolius. See N. assoanus. N. nanus of gardens. See N. minor. bright green eye. Z3–9 H9–1.
N. ‘Grand Soleil d’Or’, Div.8. Late fall- N. ‘Kilworth’, Div.2. Vigorous, late N. obvallaris, syn. N. pseudonarcissus N. ‘Pride of Cornwall’, Div.8. Mid-
to early spring-flowering bulb. H 14in spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). subsp. obvallaris (Tenby daffodil), Div.13. spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Bears
(35cm). Flowers are sweetly scented with Flowers have pointed, milky-white petals Sturdy, early spring-flowering bulb. several large, fragrant flowers, with milky-
dash of lemon. Each has rich golden-yellow and green-eyed, dark reddish-orange cups. H 12in (30cm). Golden-yellow flowers have white petals and arich yellow cups shading
petals and clear tangerine cups. May be Is effective in large groups. Z3–9 H9–1. short petals and broad trumpets, and are to orange-red rim outside. Is excellent for
forced for mid-winter flowering, but N. ‘Kingscourt’, Div.1. Sturdy, mid- borne on stiff stems. Z3–9 H9–1. cut flowers. N. ‘Martha Washington’ and
staking is needed. Is excellent for cut spring-flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). N. x odorus, syn. N. campernelli N. ‘Geranium’ are similar in appearance.
flowers. Z7–9 H9–7. Flowers have broad, rounded, golden- (Campernelle jonquil), Div.13. Robust, mid- Z3–9 H9–1.
N. ‘Hawera’, Div.5 (illus. p.405). Mid- yellow petals and flanged, flared, spring-flowering bulb. H 8–12in (20–30cm). N. pseudonarcissus (Lent lily, Wild
spring-flowering bulb. H 8in (20cm). richer golden-yellow trumpets. Has usually 2 richly fragrant, dark golden- daffodil), Div.13. Extremely variable, early
Nodding flowers are delicate lemon-yellow. Z3–9 H9–1. yellow flowers. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Rugulosus’, spring-flowering bulb. H 6–12in (15–30cm).
Requires a sunny position. Is suitable for N. ‘Liberty Bells’, Div.5 (illus. p.405). Div.7, H 11in (28cm), is more vigorous and Nodding flowers have overlapping, straw-
a rock garden or alpine bed; also makes a Sturdy, mid-spring-flowering bulb. produces up to 4 small-cupped, rich yellow petals and large, darker yellow
good indoor container plant. Z3–9 H9–1. H 13in (32cm). Paired, nodding flowers golden-yellow flowers. trumpets. Is ideal for naturalizing. Z3–9
N. ‘Highfield Beauty’, Div.8. Mid-spring- are slightly fragrant and clear lemon N. ‘Panache’, Div.1 (illus. p.405). Mid- H9–1. subsp. obvallaris. See N.
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Stem bears yellow. Z3–9 H9–1. spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). obvallaris.
up to 3 slightly scented flowers, with N. ‘Little Beauty’, Div.1. Early-spring- Produces very large, pure white flowers N. pumilus, syn. N. minor, N. minor
butter-yellow petals and slightly darker flowering bulb. H 51/2in (14cm). Small with well-balanced trumpets tinged green subsp. pumilus, Div.13. Early spring-
trumpets. flowers have creamy-white petals and at bases and broad, overlapping petals. flowering bulb. H 6–9in (15–22cm). Bears
N. ‘Home Fires’, Div.2 (illus. p.405). Early yellow trumpets. Is suitable for a rock Z3–9 H9–1. bright gold flowers with separated, slightly
spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). garden or container. N. ‘Paper White Grandiflorus’, syn. paler petals and large trumpets with lobed
Flowers have pointed, rich lemon petals N. ‘Little Witch’, Div.6. Early to mid- N. ‘Paper White Snowflake’, N. papyraceus and frilled rims. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Plenus’. See
and orange-scarlet cups with lobed and spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). ‘Grandiflorus’, Div.8. Winter- to mid- N. ‘Rip van Winkle’.
frilled rim. Z3–9 H9–1. Produces golden-yellow flowers with spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Has N. ‘Rainbow’, Div.2. Vigorous, mid-
N. ‘Honeybird’, Div.1. Mid-spring- reflexed petals and trumpet-shaped cups. 10 or more long-lived, heavily fragrant, spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm).
flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large, N. ‘Manley’, Div.4. Early- to mid-spring- star-shaped, glistening white flowers, with White flowers have cups that are broadly
well-proportioned flowers open greenish- flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). Produces long, spreading petals and small, flanged banded with coppery-pink at rim. Z3–9
yellow. Trumpets gradually fade almost to double flowers with whorls of greenish- cups containing conspicuous, saffron- H9–1.
pure white as they age. Z3–9 H9–1. yellow petals, interspersed with bright yellow stamens. Produces flowers N. ‘Replete’, Div.4. Mid-spring-flowering
N. ‘Ice Follies’, Div.2 (illus. p.404). Early orange trumpets. continuously through winter indoors. bulb. H 16in (40cm). Produces double
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). N. x medioluteus, syn. N. x biflorus, Z7–9 H9–7. flowers with white petals, interspersed
Flowers have milky-white petals and very Div.13. Mid- to late-spring-flowering bulb. N. ‘Paper White Snowflake’. See with reddish-orange trumpet fragments.
wide, almost flat, primrose-yellow cups, H 16in (40cm). Produces medium-sized, N. ‘Paper White Grandiflorus’. N. requienii. See N. assoanus.
fading to cream. Is excellent for cut flowers. sweetly scented flowers of rounded outline, N. papyraceus ‘Grandiflorus’. See N. ‘Rip van Winkle’, syn. N. pumilus
Z3–9 H9–1. with overlapping, almost pure white petals N. ‘Paper White Grandiflorus’. ‘Plenus’ Div.4. Early spring-flowering bulb.
N. ‘Irene Copeland’, Div.4 (illus. p.405). and small, shallow bowl-shaped, primrose- N. ‘Passionale’, Div.2 (illus. p.405). Mid- H 6in (15cm). Shaggy, double flowers have
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). yellow cups. Is usually twin-headed. Z3–9 spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Each densely arranged, flat, tapering, greenish-
Bears large, fully double flowers of neatly H9–1. flower has milky-white petals and long, lemon petals with incurving tips. Z3–9
arranged, milky-white petaloids N. ‘Merlin’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering flanged, apricot-tinged, pink cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
interspersed with shorter, pale creamy- bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers have broad, H9–1. N. ‘Rockall’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering
yellow ones. Is excellent for cut flowers. rounded, glistening white petals and N. ‘Pencrebar’, Div.4 (illus. p.405). Mid- bulb. H 20in (50cm). Produces neat flowers
Z3–9 H9–1. relatively large, almost flat, rich gold cups, spring-flowering bulb. H 7in (18cm). with overlapping, white petals and shallow,
N. ‘Jack Snipe’, Div.6 (illus. p.405). with small, green eye and broad, lightly Fragrant flowers are small, rounded and ribbed, intense orange-red, bowl-shaped
Sturdy, early to mid-spring-flowering bulb. ruffled, orange-red rim. Is excellent for fully double, often in pairs. Outer petaloids cups. Z3–9 H9–1.
H 9in (23cm). Long-lasting, milky-white exhibition. Z3–9 H9–1. and large, inner ones are pale gold and are N. romieuxii, Div.13. Early spring-
flowers are similar to those of N. ‘Dove N. minimus of gardens. See N. asturiensis. evenly interspersed with darker ones. Z3–9 flowering bulb. H 4in (10cm). Best grown
Wings’, but have narrower petals with N. ‘Minnow’, Div.8. Robust, early to mid- H9–1. in a frame or an alpine house. Is similar to
incurved margins and medium-length cups spring-flowering bulb. H 7in (18cm). Each N. ‘Pipit’, Div.7 (illus. p.405). Mid-spring- N. bulbocodium, but has fragrant flowers
of rich dark lemon-yellow. Z3–9 H9–1. stem bears cluster of 4 or more fragrant flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Bears with large, almost flat, flanged cups of pale
N. ‘Jenny’, Div. 6 (illus. p.405). Early to flowers, with rounded, creamy-yellow up to 3 scented flowers per stem, slightly primrose. Z3–9 H9–1.
mid- spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). petals and lemon-yellow cups. Increases greenish sulfur-yellow on opening. Ruffled, N. rupicola, Div.13. Mid-spring-flowering
Bears long-lasting flowers with milky-white freely and will naturalize in grass. Is flared cups and base of overlapping petals bulb. H 3in (8cm). Has thin, cylindrical,
petals and medium-length, flanged, soft suitable for a rock garden and can be become almost white at maturity. Z3–9 keeled, erect, gray-green leaves and
lemon trumpets that turn creamy-white. grown indoors as a container plant. Z3–9 H9–1. solitary, golden-yellow flowers, with
Z3–9 H9–1. H9–1. N. poeticus (Poet’s narcissus), Div.13. shallow, 6-lobed cups. Z3–9 H9–1. subsp.
N. ‘Jetfire’, Div.6. Free-flowering, early N. minor, syn. N. nanus of gardens, Variable, late spring-flowering bulb. watieri, Div.13, H 4in (10cm), produces
spring-flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). Div.13. Early spring-flowering bulb. H 9–17in (22–42cm). Fragrant flowers have relatively large, fragrant, crystalline-
Flowers have overlapping, reflexed, clear H 8in (20cm). Flowers have slightly glistening white petals and small, shallow, textured, white flowers.
golden-yellow petals and cylindrical, overlapping, soft yellow petals and almost red-rimmed, yellow or orange cups. Is ideal N. ‘Saint Keverne’, Div.11b. Sturdy,
ribbed, vibrant orange cups, slightly straight, darker yellow trumpets with for naturalizing in moist sod although slow early to mid-spring-flowering bulb.
waisted before crenate rim. Z3–9 H9–1. frilled rims. Z3–9 H9–1. subsp. pumilus. to establish. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Flore Pleno’. See H 17in (42cm). Solitary flowers have clear
N. jonquilla (Wild jonquil) Div.13. Mid- See N. pumilus. N. poeticus ‘Plenus’. ‘Plenus’, syn. rich golden-yellow petals and slightly
spring-flowering bulb. H 12in (30cm). N. minor of gardens. See N. pumilus. N. ‘Albus Plenus Odoratus’, N. poeticus darker cups of almost trumpet proportions.
Richly fragrant flowers are borne in N. ‘Mission Bells’, Div.5. Mid-spring- ‘Flore Pleno’ Div.13 , H 16in (40cm), has Z3–9 H9–1.
cluster of 6 or more; each has tapering, flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Stems bear loosely double, pure white flowers, with N. ‘Saint Patrick’s Day’, Div.2. Early
yellow petals and shallow, dark gold cup. 1–3 flowers with white petals, and inconspicuous, greenish-yellow or orange spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm).
Has semicylindrical, grooved, glossy, matching trumpets with greenish centers. centers, in late spring or early summer. Flowers have broad, flattish, greenish-
dark green leaves. Z3–9 H9–1. ‘Flore N. ‘Mount Hood’, Div.1 (illus. p.404). Is good for cut flowers. var. recurvus yellow petals and large cups with dark
Pleno’ (Queen Anne’s jonquil) has loosely Vigorous, mid-spring-flowering bulb. (Pheasant’s eye), Div.13, H 17in (42cm), yellow margins.

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N N. ‘Salome’, Div.2. Early to mid-spring- Produces 3 or 4 long-lasting, large, yellow petals and flared, pale lemon-yellow NEILLIA
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Flowers fragrant flowers, with clear golden-yellow trumpets, which fade to palest sulfur.
640 have white petals and long, trumpet- petals and large, flanged, rich tangerine Z3–9 H9–1. ROSACEAE
shaped, pink cups, which are slightly frilled cups. Is suitable for cut flowers. Z3–9 N. ‘Waterperry’, Div.7. Mid-spring-
with hint of warm gold at edge. Is excellent H9–1. flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Flowers Genus of deciduous shrubs, grown for
for cut flowers. N. ‘Sweetness’, Div.7. Early spring- have dull creamy-white petals. Lightly their graceful habit and profuse clusters
N. ‘Satin Pink’, Div.2. Mid-spring- flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Sweetly flanged, spreading, primrose cups turn rich of small flowers. Requires sun or partial
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Each flower fragrant flowers, occasionally borne in buff-yellow, shading to pinkish-apricot shade and fertile, well-drained soil.
has broad, ribbed, milk-white petals and pairs, have intense golden-yellow petals rims. Z3–9 H9–1. Established plants benefit from having
long, barely flared, flanged, soft buff-pink and darker, wavy-edged cups of strong N. ‘White Lady’, Div.3. Vigorous, mid- to some older shoots cut to base after
cup of almost trumpet proportions. Z3–9 substance. Is good for cut flowers. Z3–9 late-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). flowering. Propagate by softwood cuttings
H9–1. H9–1. Large, scented flowers have spreading, in summer or by suckers in fall.
N. ‘Scarlet Gem’, Div.8. Mid-spring- N. ‘Tahiti’, Div.4 (illus. p.405). Robust, slightly overlapping, pure white petals. N. longiracemosa. See N. thibetica.
flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). Small, shallow, heavily frilled cups are N. sinensis. Deciduous, arching shrub.
7–8 scented flowers with golden petals Solitary, loosely double flowers have strong primrose-yellow on opening, H and S 6ft (2m). Has peeling, brown bark
and scarlet or deep orange-red cups. Z3–9 golden petals and petaloids, interspersed becoming more creamy-yellow with and oval, sharply toothed, mid-green
H9–1. with short, fiery orange, inner petaloids. maturity. Z3–9 H9–1. leaves. Bears nodding racemes of small,
N. ‘Segova’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘White Lion’, Div.4. Mid-spring- tubular, pinkish-white flowers in late spring
bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers have pure N. tazetta, Div.13. Extremely variable, flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces and early summer. Z5–7 H7–5.
white petals and small, lemon-yellow cups. late fall- to mid-spring-flowering bulb. double, white flowers interspersed with N. thibetica, syn. N. longiracemosa, illus.
N. ‘Sempre Avanti’, Div.2. Early to mid- H 12–16in (30–40cm). Bears usually bright yellow. p.133.
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). 12 or more fragrant flowers, generally N. ‘White Marvel’, Div.5. Mid-spring-
Flowers have creamy-white petals and with slender, white or yellow petals and flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). Produces NELUMBO
yellow cups. Is good for naturalizing in shallow, white or yellow cups. 2 or more pendent, fragrant, double, white
grass. Z7–9 H9–1. flowers per stem. Lotus
N. ‘Shepherds Hey’, Div.7. Mid-spring- N. ‘Tête-à-Tête’, Div.12. Early spring- N. ‘Woodland Star’, Div.3. Mid-spring-
flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Produces flowering bulb. H 6–12in (15–30cm). Long- flowering bulb. H 20in (50cm). Large NYMPHAEACEAE/NELUMBONACEAE
2 or more fragrant flowers per stem, with lasting flowers have reflexed, rich flowers have white petals and small, bowl-
overlapping, golden-yellow petals and golden-yellow petals and square, flanged, shaped, deep red cups. Z3–9 H9–1. Genus of deciduous, perennial, marginal
small, fluted cups. warm yellowish-orange cups. Should be N. ‘Yellow Cheerfulness’, Div.8. Mid- water plants, grown for their foliage,
N. ‘Shining Light’, Div.2. Mid-spring- twin-flowered. Is very susceptible to spring-flowering bulb. H 14in (35cm). flowers and seed pods. Needs an open,
flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Well- viruses. Z3–9 H9–1. Produces multiheaded stems of fragrant, sunny position and 24in (60cm) depth
balanced flowers have smooth, N. ‘Thalia’, Div.5 (illus. p.404). Vigorous, pale yellow flowers. of water. Remove fading foliage; flowers
overlapping, clear, pale golden-yellow mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). may be left to develop into decorative seed
petals and slightly ribbed, rich orange- Each stem has 3 or more long-lived, milky- NAUTILOCALYX pods. Divide overgrown plants in spring.
red cups. Lightly toothed rim is slightly white flowers, with irregularly formed, Propagate species by seed in spring,
darker. Is excellent for exhibition. often propeller-shaped petals and flanged, GESNERIACEAE selected forms by division in spring.
Z3–9 H9–1. bold cups. Z3–9 H9–1. N. lutea (American lotus, Water
N. ‘Silver Chimes’, Div.8 (illus. p.407). N. ‘Tresamble’, Div.5. Sturdy, early Genus of evergreen, erect, bushy chinquapin). Vigorous, deciduous,
N. ‘Sinopel’, Div.3. Mid-spring-flowering spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). perennials, grown for their flowers and perennial, marginal water plant. H and
bulb. H 18in (45cm). Flowers have pure Each stem bears up to 6 flowers, with foliage. Requires high humidity, partial S 3ft (1m). Rounded, blue-green leaves,
white petals and shallow-bowled, green milky-white petals and flanged, creamy- shade and well-drained soil; avoid prominently veined beneath, develop on
cups edged with deep yellow. white cups that are paler at rim. waterlogging, especially in winter. sturdy stems, 1–2ft (30–60cm) long. Large,
N. ‘Sir Winston Churchill’, Div.4 Z3–9 H9–1. Propagate by stem cuttings in summer or chalice-shaped, yellow flowers are
(illus. p.405). Mid-spring-flowering bulb. N. ‘Trevithian’, Div.7. Vigorous, early to by seed, if available, in spring. produced in summer. Z4–11 H12–1.
H 14in (35cm). Produces fragrant, double, mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 18in (45cm). N. bullatus, syn. N. tessellatus. N. nucifera, illus. p.438. ‘Alba
white flowers with orange-yellow segments Produces 2 or 3 large, fragrant, rounded, Evergreen, erect, bushy perennial. H and Grandiflora’ is a vigorous, deciduous,
in centers. Z3–9 H9–1. soft primrose flowers, with broad petals S 2ft (60cm). Narrowly oval, wrinkled perennial, marginal water plant. H 4–6ft
N. ‘Slim Whitman’, Div.2. Early to mid- and short cups. Z3–9 H9–1. leaves, to 9in (23cm) long, are dark green (1.2–1.8m), S 4ft (1.2m). Has very large,
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). N. triandrus (Angel’s tears), Div.13. with bronze sheen above, reddish-green rounded, wavy-margined, dark green
Flowers have ivory-white petals and Early spring-flowering bulb. H 5in (12cm). beneath. Clusters of small, tubular, white- leaves, on sturdy stems, with large,
orange cups with sulfur-yellow rim. Bears nodding, milky-white flowers, haired, pale yellow flowers are produced fragrant, chalice-shaped, white flowers,
N. ‘Spellbinder’, Div.1 (illus. p.405). with narrow, reflexed petals and fairly in leaf axils mainly in summer. Z14–15 9–10in (22–25cm) across, in summer. Z4–11
Early spring-flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). long, straight-sided cups. Is suitable for H12–10. H12–3. ‘Alba Striata’ bears white flowers,
Long-lasting, bright sulfur-yellow flowers a rock garden or as a container plant. N. lynchii, illus. p.471. 6in (15cm) across, with jagged, red
have slender, flanged trumpets, reversing Z3–9 H9–1. N. tessellatus. See N. bullatus. margins. Z4–11 H12–3. ‘Rosea Plena’
to palest sulfur-white inside, except for N. ‘Tripartite’, Div.11. Mid-spring- produces double, soft pink flowers, to
lobed, rolled-back rim, which is tinged with flowering bulb. H 10in (25cm). Each stem Neanthe bella. See Chamaedorea 12in (30cm) across. Z4–11 H12–3.
lemon. Z3–9 H9–1. produces 2–3 lemon and golden-yellow elegans.
N. ‘Spring Pride’, Div.2. Early to mid- flowers, with split trumpets that sit flat NEMATANTHUS
spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). against petals. NECTAROSCORDUM
Flowers have ivory-white petals and yellow N. ‘Trousseau’, Div.1. Early spring- GESNERIACEAE
cups edged with apricot. flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Flowers LILIACEAE/ALLIACEAE
N. ‘Stint’, Div.5. Mid-spring-flowering have milky-white petals and straight, Genus of perennials and soft-stemmed,
bulb. H 12in (30cm). Produces 2 or more flanged, soft lemon trumpets, with flared, Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, evergreen shrubs, grown for their flowers
pendent, bright yellow flowers with pale lobed rim turning rich creamy-buff tinged related to Allium and Lilium, grown for and foliage. Requires partial shade and
lemon-yellow cups. with pale pink. Z3–9 H9–1. their umbels of bell-shaped flowers rich, moist but well-drained soil. Water
N. ‘Stratosphere’, Div.7 (illus. p.405). N. ‘Tudor Minstrel’, Div.2. Mid-spring- and for their seed heads when dried. container specimens moderately, allowing
Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in flowering bulb. H 17in (42cm). Produces Exudes a very strong, onion-like smell soil almost to dry out between applications.
(40cm). Bears usually 3 fragrant flowers, flowers with pointed, white petals. when bruised. Stems with erect, Tip prune young plants to stimulate
with yellow petals and darker golden- Chrome-yellow cups are slender and shuttlecock-like seed heads may be dried branching. Propagate by softwood or
yellow cups. Is excellent for exhibition. flanged outward. Z3–9 H9–1. for winter decoration. Needs partial greenwood cuttings in summer.
Z3–9 H9–1. N. ‘Verger’, Div.3. Mid-spring flowering shade and tolerates any soil that is N. gregarius, syn. N. radicans, Hypocyrta
N. ‘Sun Disc’, Div.7. Mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 16in (40cm). Flowers have pure neither too dry nor waterlogged. Plant radicans, illus. p.459.
bulb. H 6in (15cm). Produces 2 or more white petals and small, shallow, deep in rough grass or borders. Propagate by N. radicans. See N. gregarius.
rounded, sweetly scented flowers per stem, orange-red cups. freely produced offsets in late summer N. strigillosus, syn. Hypocyrta strigillosa.
with yellow petals and small, flat cups. N. ‘W.P. Milner’, Div.1. Early spring- or by seed in fall. Evergreen, prostrate shrub. H 6–12in
N. ‘Suzy’, Div.7 (illus. p.405). Robust, flowering bulb. H 9in (23cm). Nodding N. dioscoridis. See N. siculum subsp. (15–30cm), S 2–3ft (60cm–1m). Elliptic,
mid-spring-flowering bulb. H 15in (38cm). flowers have slender, twisted, light creamy- bulgaricum. slightly cupped leaves are clothed in dense
N. siculum subsp. bulgaricum, syn. N. down. Small, tubular, orange or orange-red
dioscoridis, illus. p.385. flowers are produced in leaf axils mainly
from spring to fall.

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NEMESIA densely covered with silky, brown hairs. keep rosette centers filled with water N. nervosa. Clump-forming perennial.
Small, star-shaped, yellow flowers are from spring to fall. Propagate by offsets in H 14in (35cm), S 12in (30cm). Forms mound
SCROPHULARIACEAE borne in fall. Z8–11 H12–8. spring or summer. of narrowly oblong to lance-shaped,
N. carolinae, syn. Aregelia carolinae, pointed, prominently veined, mid-green
Genus of annuals, perennials and Neolitsia glauca. See Neolitsea sericea. Nidularium carolinae (Blushing bromeliad). leaves. Dense racemes of small, tubular,
evergreen subshrubs, commonly grown Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted, pale blue flowers are produced from early
for summer bedding and as greenhouse NEOLLOYDIA epiphytic perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), to mid-summer. Z5–7 H7–5.
plants. Prefers sun and fertile, well- S 16–24in (40–60cm). Strap-shaped, finely N. sibirica, syn. N. macrantha,
drained soil. Cut back stems after CACTACEAE spine-toothed, lustrous, bright green leaves Dracocephalum sibiricum. Erect, leafy
flowering to encourage new buds. Pinch are produced in dense rosettes. Compact perennial. H 36in (90cm), S 18in (45cm).
out growing shoots of young plants to Genus of spherical to columnar, perennial cluster of tubular, blue-purple flowers, Bears long, whorled cymes of blue to
ensure a bushy habit. Propagate by cacti with dense spines and short tubercles surrounded by red bracts, is borne at lavender-blue flowers in mid- and late
seed sown under glass in early spring, in spirals. Most species are exceptionally center of each mature rosette, usually in summer. Leaves are dark green and
or outdoors in late spring. difficult to cultivate unless grafted. Needs summer. Z13–15 H12–1. f. tricolor, syn. aromatic. Z3–8 H8–1. ‘Souvenir d’André
N. AMELIE (‘Fleurame’), illus. p.301. full sun and well-drained soil. Water N. carolinae ‘Tricolor’ has leaves striped Chaudron’. See N. ‘Souvenir d’André
N. Maritana Series MARITANA BLUE sparingly from spring to fall; keep dry in with ivory-white, that flush pink with age. Chaudron’.
LAGOON (‘Pengoon’). Rather upright, winter. Propagate by seed in spring or ‘Tricolor’. See N. carolinae f. tricolor. N. ‘Six Hills Giant’, illus. p.240.
twiggy perennial, grown as an annual. summer. N. concentrica, illus. p.471. Evergreen, N. ‘Souvenir d’André Chaudron’,
H 14in (35cm), S 24in (60cm). Slightly N. conoidea, syn. Mammillaria conoidea, spreading, basal-rosetted, epiphytic syn. N. ‘Blue Beauty’, N. sibirica ‘Souvenir
fragrant, 2-lipped, blue-purple flowers, illus. p.483. perennial. H 8–12in (20–30cm), d’André Chaudron’. Spreading, clump-
3/4in (2cm) across, are borne in dense spikes S to 28in (70cm). Very broadly strap-shaped forming perennial. H and S 18in (45cm).
in summer and fall above lance-shaped, NEOMARICA to oval, glossy, dark green leaves, with Tubular, blue flowers are borne throughout
slightly scalloped, mid-green leaves. spiny, black teeth and usually with dark summer above oval to lance-shaped,
Prefers moist soil. IRIDACEAE blotches, are borne in dense rosettes. In toothed, gray leaves. Z3–8 H8–1.
N. strumosa. Fast-growing, bushy summer, compact cluster of tubular, pale
annual. H 8–18in (20–45cm), S 6in (15cm). Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering, blue flowers, surrounded by pinkish-lilac NEPHROLEPIS N
Has lance-shaped, serrated, pale iris-like, rhizomatous perennials, grown for bracts, is produced at center of each
green leaves and, in summer, trumpet- their clusters of short-lived flowers. Needs mature rosette. var. plutonis, syn. N. NEPHROLEPIDACEAE/
shaped, yellow, white or purple partial shade and fertile, moist, preferably concentrica ‘Plutonis’ has bracts flushed LOMARIOPSIDACEAE
flowers, 1in (2.5cm) across. Is good for rich soil. Water freely in summer; reduce with red. H11–1. ‘Plutonis’. See N.
cut flowers. H7–1. Carnival Series, illus. water in winter but do not allow plants concentrica var. plutonis. Genus of evergreen or semievergreen
p.307. to dry out. Propagate by seed in spring ferns. Needs partial shade and prefers
N. Sunsatia Series SUNSATIA MANGO or by division in spring or summer. NEPENTHES moist soil, but is extremely tolerant of both
(‘Inupyel’), illus. p.320. N. caerulea, illus. p.393. drought and waterlogging. Remove fading
Monkey cup, Tropical pitcher plant fronds and divide regularly. Propagate by
NEMOPHILA NEOPANAX division in summer or early fall.
NEPENTHACEAE N. cordifolia (Ladder fern, Sword fern).
HYDROPHYLLACEAE/BORAGINACEAE ARALIACEAE Semievergreen fern. H 18in (45cm),
Genus of evergreen, insectivorous, mostly S 12in (30cm). Has narrowly lance-shaped,
Genus of annuals, useful for rock gardens Small genus of evergreen shrubs, grown epiphytic perennials, with leaves adapted arching, dark green fronds with rounded,
and for edging. Needs sun or partial shade for their foliage. Grow in sun or semi- to form pendulous, lidded, colored pitchers finely serrated pinnae. Z9–11 H12–1.
and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate by shade in a good, well-drained soil. that trap and digest insects. Is suitable for N. exaltata, illus. p.478.
seed in spring or early fall. Is prone to Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer hanging baskets. Requires a humid
aphids. or by seed in fall. atmosphere, partial shade and moist, fertile NEPHTHYTIS
N. insignis. See N. menziesii. N. arboreus (Five fingers). Evergreen, soil with added peat and moss. Propagate
N. maculata, illus. p.299. round-headed, sturdy-branched tree. by seed in spring or by stem cuttings in ARACEAE
N. menziesii, syn. N. insignis, illus. p.314. H 20ft (6m), S 12ft (4m). Large, glossy, dark spring or summer.
green leaves are divided into 5 or 7 oblong N. x hookeriana, illus. p.473. Genus of evergreen, tufted perennials,
NEOBUXBAUMIA leaflets. Produces tiny, honey-scented, green N. rafflesiana. Evergreen, epiphytic, with horizontal, creeping rhizomes,
flowers in summer, followed by rounded, insectivorous perennial. H 10ft (3m), S 3–4ft grown for their foliage. Requires a humid
CACTACEAE purplish-black fruits on female plants. (1–1.2m). Has lance-shaped, dark green atmosphere, partial shade and moist, rich
N. laetus. Evergreen, round-headed, leaves. Greenish-yellow pitchers, to 10in soil. Propagate by division in spring or
Genus of columnar or treelike perennial sturdy-branched tree or shrub. H and (25cm) long, are mottled purple and brown summer.
cacti with cylindrical stems and usually S 10ft (3m). Has large, long-stalked, and have spurred lids. Inconspicuous, N. afzelii. Evergreen, creeping,
low-set ribs. Nocturnal flowers, produced leathery, dark green leaves divided into green flowers in racemes are produced rhizomatous perennial. H to 30in (75cm),
in summer, are followed by angular fruits, 5 or 7 oblong leaflets. Bears tiny, greenish- intermittently. Z15 H12–10. S indefinite. Has tufts of arrow-shaped,
which open like stars when ripe. Requires purple flowers, in summer, followed by lobed, dark green leaves, to 10in (25cm)
sun and poor to moderately fertile, sharply rounded, purplish-black fruits on female NEPETA long. Intermittently bears hooded, greenish
drained, gritty soil. Propagate by seed in plants in fall. spathe, enclosing green spadix, followed by
spring. Catmint spherical, orange fruits. Z14–15 H12–10.
N. euphorbioides, syn. Lemaireocereus Neoporteria chilensis. See Eriosyce N. triphylla of gardens. See Syngonium
euphorbioides, Rooksbya euphorbioides, chilensis. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE podophyllum.
illus. p.494. Neoporteria litoralis. See Eriosyce
subgibbosa. Genus of summer-flowering perennials, NERINE 641
Neochilenia mitis of gardens. See Neoporteria mitis. See Eriosyce napina. useful for edging, particularly where they
Eriosyce napina. Neoporteria napina. See Eriosyce can tumble over paving. Needs sun or AMARYLLIDACEAE
napina. partial shade and well-drained soil.
NEOLITSEA Neoporteria nidus. See Eriosyce kunzei. Propagate by division in spring or by stem- Genus of bulbs, some of which are
Neoporteria subgibbosa. See Eriosyce tip or softwood cuttings in spring or semievergreen, grown for their spherical
LAURACEAE subgibbosa. summer, species only by seed in fall. Cats heads of wavy-petaled, pink to red,
Neoporteria villosa. See Eriosyce villosa. may be attracted to this plant, rolling on it occasionally white, flowers. Most flower in
Genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, and crushing it. Leaves can be dried and fall before leaves appear. Needs full sun
grown for their foliage. In cold areas, needs NEOREGELIA used in cat toys. and light, sandy soil. Plant in early fall.
shelter from strong winds; does best N. ‘Blue Beauty’. See N. ‘Souvenir Dislikes being disturbed. Water until leaves
against a south- or west-facing wall. BROMELIACEAE d’André Chaudron’. die down, then dry off. Propagate by seed
Requires sun or partial shade and fertile, N. x faassenii, illus. p.270. when fresh or divide offsets in fall or when
well-drained soil. Propagate by semiripe Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, N. grandiflora. Neat, erect perennial.
cuttings in late summer. epiphytic perennials, grown for their H 16–32in (40–80cm), S 18–24in (45–60cm). leaves have died down. T All parts may
N. sericea, syn. Litsea glauca, Neolitsia overall appearance. Requires partial shade Has slightly hairy stems, oval, round-
glauca. Evergreen, broadly conical, dense and a rooting medium of equal parts rich toothed, light green leaves, with heart- cause mild stomach upset if ingested.
tree or shrub. H and S 20ft (6m). Narrowly soil and sphagnum moss or bark or plastic shaped bases, and, in summer, racemes of N. ‘Baghdad’. Fall-flowering bulb.
oval, pointed leaves are glossy, mid-green chips used for orchid culture. Using soft small, hooded, blue flowers. Z3–8 H8–1. H 24in (60cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). Leaves
above, white beneath and, when young, are water, water moderately in growing N. macrantha. See N. sibirica. are strap-shaped, semierect and basal.
season, sparingly at other times, and Has crimson flowers, paler toward centers;

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long, narrow petals have recurved tips and NERTERA summer. Sweet flower scent is strongest white flowers are produced in summer,
crisped margins. Z8–10 H10–8. at night. Has long, rough, mid-green leaves followed by inflated, rounded, green, then
N. ‘Blanchefleur’. Fall-flowering bulb. RUBIACEAE that are sticky to touch. Prefers sun. Z10–11 brown seed pods that may be cut and
H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 6–8in (15–20cm). H11–1. dried. H12–1. ‘Miss Jekyll’, illus. p.315.
Produces strap-shaped, semierect, basal Genus of creeping perennials, grown for Persian Jewels Series, illus. p.314.
leaves and tight head of 5–10 pure white their mass of spherical, beadlike fruits NIDULARIUM
flowers. Upper parts of petals are twisted. in fall. Makes excellent alpine houseplants. NOLANA
Z8–10 H10–8. Requires a sheltered, semi-shaded position Bird’s-nest bromeliad
N. bowdenii, illus. p.413. f. alba, illus. and moist but well-drained, gritty, sandy SOLANACEAE
p.413. ‘Rowie’ is a fall-flowering bulb. soil. Resents winter wet. Propagate in BROMELIACEAE
H 24in (60cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears umbels spring by seed, division or tip cuttings. Genus of annuals, useful for growing
of soft apricot-pink flowers with recurved N. depressa. See N. granadensis. Genus of evergreen, rosette-forming, in hot, dry sites and rock gardens and
petal tips. Strap-shaped, semierect, basal N. granadensis, syn. N. depressa, illus. epiphytic perennials, grown for their as edging. Needs sun and fertile, well-
leaves persist throughout winter and die p.373. overall appearance. Requires partial shade drained soil. Propagate by seed in
down in spring. and a rooting medium of equal parts rich spring.
N. ‘Brian Doe’. Fall-flowering bulb. NICANDRA soil and sphagnum moss or bark or plastic N. atriplicifolia. See N. paradoxa.
H 12–20in (30–50cm), S 8–10in (20–25cm). chips generally used for orchid culture. N. grandiflora. See N. paradoxa.
Has strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. SOLANACEAE Using soft water, water moderately in N. paradoxa, syn. N. atriplicifolia,
Sturdy, leafless stem bears head of salmon- growing season, sparingly at other times, N. grandiflora. Moderately fast-growing,
pink flowers with reflexed, wavy-margined Genus of one species of annual, grown for and keep centers of rosettes filled with prostrate annual. H 3in (8cm), S 6in (15cm).
petals. Z8–10 H10–8. its short-lived flowers. Needs sun and rich, water from spring to fall. Propagate by Has oval, mid-green leaves and, in summer,
N. ‘Corusca Major’, syn. N. sarniensis well-drained soil. Propagate by seed in offsets in spring or summer. funnel-shaped, purplish-blue flowers, to
var. corusca ‘Major’. Fall-flowering bulb. spring. N. carolinae. See Neoregelia carolinae. 2in (5cm) wide, with white-zoned, yellow
H 24in (60cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Forms N. physalodes (Apple of Peru, Shoo-fly). N. fulgens (Blushing bromeliad). throats. Z9–11 H12–1.
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. Fast-growing, upright, branching annual. Evergreen, spreading, basal-rosetted,
Sturdy stem bears 10–15 scarlet-red H 3ft (1m), S 1ft (30cm) or more. Has oval, epiphytic perennial. H 8in (20cm) or more, Nolina recurvata. See Beaucarnea
flowers with narrow petals. Is good serrated, mid-green leaves. In summer S 16–20in (40–50cm). Has dense rosettes recurvata.
for cut flowers. Z8–10 H10–8. to early fall produces bell-shaped, white- of strap-shaped, spiny-toothed, arching, Nolina tuberculata. See Beaucarnea
N. crispa. See N. undulata. throated, light violet-blue flowers, 1in glossy, rich green leaves. Tubular, white- recurvata.
N. filifolia. Fall-flowering bulb. H to 10in (2.5cm) or more wide, that last one day. and-purple flowers, almost hidden in rosette
(25cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). Has threadlike, Spherical, green fruits, 2in (5cm) wide, are of bright scarlet bracts, are produced mainly NOMOCHARIS
semierect leaves in basal tuft. Slender stem surrounded by purple and green calyces. in summer. Z14–15 H12–10.
has pale pink flowers with narrow petals. Is thought to repel flies, hence its name. N. innocentii. Evergreen, spreading, LILIACEAE
Z8–10 H10–8. H9–1. basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial.
N. flexuosa, syn. N. undulata Flexuosa H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 24in (60cm). Has Genus of bulbs, grown for their lily-like
Group. Semievergreen, fall-flowering bulb. Nicodemia madagascariensis. See dense rosettes of strap-shaped, prickle- habit and, in summer, loose spikes of
H 16–20in (40–50cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Buddleja madagascariensis. toothed, arching, dark green, sometimes flattish flowers, often conspicuously
Bears strap-shaped, semierect, basal reddish-green leaves, with reddish-purple spotted. Requires partial shade and rich,
leaves and 10–15 pink flowers; each petal NICOTIANA undersides. Tubular, white flowers, well-drained soil. In summer, keep soil
partially hidden in rosette of bright red moist but not waterlogged. Remains
N has deeper pink mid-vein and recurved, Tobacco plant bracts, are produced mainly in summer. dormant throughout winter. Propagate
Z14–15 H12–10. by seed in winter or spring.
wavy upper half. Z8–10 H10–8. ‘Alba’ SOLANACEAE N. procerum. Evergreen, spreading, N. mairei. See N. pardanthina.
has white flowers. basal-rosetted, epiphytic perennial. N. nana. See Lilium nanum.
N. ‘Fothergillii Major’. Late summer- Genus of annuals, perennials that are H 8–12in (20–30cm), S 20–30in (50–75cm). N. pardanthina, syn. N. mairei, illus.
to early fall-flowering bulb. H 18–24in (45– usually grown as annuals, and Strap-shaped, spiny-toothed, bright green p.385.
60cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Leaves are strap- semievergreen shrubs. Needs sun or leaves are produced in dense rosettes. N. saluenensis. Summer-flowering bulb.
shaped, semierect and basal. Very strong partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. Clusters of small, tubular, blue flowers H 34in (85cm), S 5–6in (12–15cm). Leafy
stem has about 10 bright scarlet-salmon Propagate annuals and perennials by seed are borne in summer. Z14–15 H12–10. stems bear lance-shaped, scattered leaves.
flowers with recurved petals. Z8–10 H10–8. in early spring, shrubs by seed in spring or Has loose spike of 2–6 saucer-shaped, white
N. masoniorum. Fall-flowering bulb. NIEREMBERGIA or pink flowers, with dark purple eyes and
H 6–8in (15–20cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). by semiripe cuttings in summer. T Contact purple spots. Z7–9 H9–7.
Produces threadlike, semierect leaves in Cup flower
basal tuft. Stem bears pink flowers with with the foliage may irritate skin. Nopalxochia ackermannii. See
very crisped petal margins. Z8–10 H10–8. N. affinis. See N. alata. SOLANACEAE Disocactus ackermannii.
N. ‘Nikita’. Fall-flowering bulb. N. alata, syn. N. affinis, illus. p.231.
H 18in (45cm), S 3in (8cm). Has broadly N. glauca. Semievergreen, upright shrub. Genus of summer-flowering perennials, NOTHOFAGUS
strap-shaped, semierect, basal leaves. H and S 8–10ft (2.5–3m). Sturdy, blue-gray sometimes grown as annuals, and
Sturdy stem bears loose umbels of funnel- shoots bear narrowly oval, fleshy, blue- deciduous or semievergreen subshrubs. Southern beech
shaped, pale pink flowers with wavy- gray leaves. Showy, tubular, bright yellow Prefers sun and moist but well-drained soil.
margined, recurved petal tips. flowers are produced in summer and early Propagate by division in spring, by semiripe FAGACEAE/NOTHOFAGACEAE
N. ‘Orion’, illus. p.413. fall. Z10–11 H12–1. cuttings in summer or by seed in fall.
N. sarniensis, illus. p.414. var. corusca N. langsdorffii, illus. p.316. N. caerulea. See N. linariifolia. Genus of deciduous or evergreen trees,
‘Major’. See N. ‘Corusca Major’. N. ‘Lime Green’. Upright annual. N. hippomanica. See N. linariifolia. grown for their habit, foliage and, in the
N. undulata, syn. N. crispa, illus. p.413. H 24in (60cm), S 10in (25cm). Mid-green N. linariifolia, syn. N. caerulea, N. case of deciduous species, fall color. Has
Flexuosa Group. See N. flexuosa. leaves are spoon-shaped. In late summer hippomanica. ‘Purple Robe’ illus. p.312. inconspicuous flowers in late spring.
and fall produces racemes of open trumpet- N. repens, syn. N. rivularis, illus. p.361. Requires sun or partial shade and, because
642 NERIUM shaped, greenish-yellow flowers that are N. rivularis. See N. repens. it is not very resistant to strong winds,
fragrant at night. Z10–11 H12–1. should have the shelter of other trees.
Oleander N. x sanderae. Nicki Series, NIGELLA Prefers deep, fertile, moist but well-drained
H 15in (38cm), produces fragrant flowers soil; is not suitable for shallow, chalky soil.
APOCYNACEAE in an extensive color range that includes RANUNCULACEAE Propagate by seed in fall.
white, pink, red and purple. ‘Crimson N. x alpina, syn. N. procera, illus. p.64.
Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their Rock’ Fairly slow-growing, bushy annual. Genus of annuals, grown for their flowers, N. antarctica (Antarctic beech, Nirre).
flowers. Needs full sun and well-drained H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). Oval leaves are which are suitable for cutting, and their Deciduous, broadly conical tree, sometimes
soil. Water container plants freely when in mid-green. Evening-scented, trumpet- ornamental seed pods. Prefers sun and with several main stems. H 50ft (15m),
full growth, sparingly at other times. Tip- shaped, bright crimson flowers, to 3in fertile, well-drained soil. Deadhead S 30ft (10m). Small, oval, crinkly-edged,
prune young plants to promote branching. (8cm) long, are produced throughout plants to prolong flowering if seed heads glossy, dark green leaves turn yellow in
Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe summer and early fall. Saratoga Series are not required. Propagate by seed in fall. Z7–10 H10–7.
(rose), illus. p.305; (white), illus. p.299. spring or early fall. N. betuloides, illus. p.69.
cuttings in summer. T All parts are highly N. sylvestris (Flowering tobacco). N. damascena (Love-in-a-mist). Fast- N. dombeyi, illus. p.68.
Branching perennial, often grown as growing, upright annual. H 24in (60cm), N. menziesii, illus. p.69.
toxic if ingested; contact with foliage may an annual. H 5ft (1.5m), S 21/2ft (75cm). S 8in (20cm). Has feathery, bright green N. obliqua, illus. p.63.
irritate skin. Produces panicles of fragrant, tubular, leaves. Spurred, many-petaled, blue or N. procera. See N. x alpina.
N. oleander, illus. p.455. white flowers at ends of stems in late

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NOTHOLIRION fountains. Remove fading foliage to strongly flecked, pink petals, above mid- N. ‘Madame Wilfon Gonnère’. N
prevent it polluting water. Plants have green leaves. Z10–11 H12–7. Deciduous, perennial water plant with
LILIACEAE tuber-like rhizomes and require dividing N. ‘Firecrest’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m). Has mid- 643
and replanting in spring or early summer perennial water plant with floating leaves. green leaves and, in summer, cup-shaped,
Genus of summer-flowering bulbs, related every 3 or 4 years. Most frost-tender plants S to 4ft (1.2m). Dark green leaves are white flowers, 6in (15cm) across, spotted
to Lilium, grown for their funnel-shaped may be treated as annuals. May also be suffused with purple. In summer bears with deep rose-pink. Z10–11 H12–7.
flowers. Often produces early leaves, which propagated by seed or by separating star-shaped, deep pink flowers, 6–8in N. Marliacea Group ‘Albida’ (illus.
may be damaged by spring frosts, so grow plantlets in spring or early summer. Water (15–20cm) across, with bold, red-tipped p.440) Deciduous, perennial water plant
in a cool greenhouse in areas subject to lily beetle and China mark moth eat the stamens. Z3–11 H11–1. with floating leaves. S to 6ft (2m). Deep
alternating mild and cold periods in spring. foliage and can be problems. See also N. ‘Froebelii’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, green leaves have red or purplish-green
Prefers partial shade or sun and rich, well- feature panel p.440. perennial water plant with floating leaves. undersides. Bears fragrant, cup-shaped,
drained soil. Bulb dies after flowering. N. ‘Amabilis’. Deciduous, perennial S 3ft (90cm). Has rounded, pale green pure white flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) across,
Propagate in spring or fall by offsets, which water plant with floating leaves. S 5–7ft leaves, bronzed when young. In summer in summer. Z3–11 H11–1. ‘Chromatella’
take 2–3 years to reach flowering size, or in (1.5–2.2m). Rounded leaves, reddish-purple produces cup-shaped, later star-shaped, (illus. p.440), has olive-green leaves, heavily
winter or spring by seed. when young, mature to dark green with burgundy-red flowers, 4–5in (10–12cm) mottled with maroon and bronze, and
N. campanulatum, illus. p.386. red-margined, light green undersides. across, with red stamens. Z3–11 H11–1. canary-yellow flowers. Z3–11 H11–1.
In summer has star-shaped, pink flowers, N. ‘General Pershing’. Deciduous, N. odorata var. minor (illus. p.440),
Nothopanax. See Pseudopanax. 6–7in (15–19cm) across, with light pink tips perennial water plant with floating leaves. Deciduous, perennial water plant with
Nothoscordum neriniflorum. See and dark yellow stamens. Z3–11 H12–1. S 5–6ft (1.5–1.8m). Leaves are rounded, floating leaves. S 3ft (1m). Small, rounded,
Caloscordum neriniflorum. N. ‘American Star’, illus. p.440. wavy-margined, olive-green and marked soft green leaves have dark red undersides.
Notocactus apricus. See Parodia Deciduous, perennial water plant with with purple. In summer bears highly Produces fragrant, star-shaped, white
concinna. floating leaves. S to 4ft (1.2m). Young leaves fragrant, cup-shaped, later flat, lavender- flowers, 3in (8cm) across, in summer. Z3–11
Notocactus haselbergii. See Parodia are purplish-green or bronze, maturing pink flowers, 8–11in (20–27cm) across, H11–1. ‘Sulphurea Grandiflora’, syn.
haselbergii subsp. haselbergii. to bright green. Star-shaped flowers, with yellow stamens. Z10–11 H12–7. N. ‘Odorata Sulphurea Grandiflora’
Notocactus leninghausii. See Parodia 4in (10cm) across, are deep pink and are N. ‘Gladstoneana’. Deciduous, perennial has dark green leaves, heavily mottled
leninghausii. held above water throughout summer. water plant with floating leaves. S to 10ft with maroon, and star-shaped, yellow
Notocactus mammulosus. See Parodia Z3–11 H11–1. (3m). Leaves are mid-green. Star-shaped, flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across. Z2–10
mammulosa. N. ‘Attraction’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, white flowers, 6–12in (15–30cm) across, H12–1.
Notocactus ottonis. See Parodia ottonis. perennial water plant with floating leaves. are produced in summer. Z3–11 H12–1. N. ‘Odorata Sulphurea Grandiflora’.
Notocactus rutilans. See Parodia S to 6ft (2m). Has dark green leaves. In N. ‘Gonnère’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, See N. odorata ‘Sulphurea Grandiflora’.
mueller-melchersii. summer bears cup-shaped, white-flecked, perennial water plant with floating leaves. N. ‘Pink Sensation’. Deciduous,
Notocactus scopa. See Parodia scopa. garnet-red flowers, 6in (15cm) across. S to 5ft (1.5m). Has bright pea-green leaves perennial water plant with floating leaves.
Notospartium carmichaeliae. See Z3–11 H11–1. and, in summer, rounded, white flowers, S 4ft (1.2m). In summer bears cup-shaped,
Carmichaelia carmichaeliae. N. ‘Aurora’. Deciduous, perennial water 6–8in (15–20cm) across. Z3–11 H12–1. later star-shaped, pink flowers, 5–6in
plant with floating leaves. S to 30in (75cm). N. ‘Green Smoke’. Deciduous, perennial (12–15cm) across, with yellow inner
NUPHAR Olive-green leaves are mottled with purple. water plant with floating leaves. S to 6ft stamens and pink outer stamens. Has
In summer has star-shaped flowers, (2m). Bronze-green leaves have bronze rounded, mid-green leaves, purple-green
Spatterdock, Yellow pond lily 2in (5cm) across, cream in bud, opening speckling. Star-shaped flowers, 4–8in when young. Z3–11 H12–1.
NYMPHAEACEAE to yellow, then passing through orange (10–20cm) across, are chartreuse, shading N. pygmaea. See N. tetragona. ‘Helvola’.
to blood-red. Is suitable for a small- to to blue. Z10–11 H12–7. See N. ‘Helvola’.
Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water medium-sized pool. Z10–11 H12–7. N. ‘Helvola’, syn. N. pygmaea ‘Helvola’, N. ‘Pygmaea Rubra’. Deciduous,
plants, grown for their floating foliage and N. ‘Black Princess’, illus. p.440. N. tetragona ‘Helvola’, illus. p.440. perennial water plant with floating leaves.
spherical flowers. Needs sun and running Deciduous, perennial water plant with Deciduous, perennial water plant with S 2ft (60cm). Small, reddish-green young
or still water; is often grown for a water-lily floating leaves. S 4ft (1.2m). Rounded, red- floating leaves. S to 18in (45cm). Has small, leaves mature to purplish-green. Produces
effect in conditions where true water lilies bronze leaves mature to dark green. In olive-green leaves with heavy purple or cup-shaped, blood-red flowers, 2in (5cm)
would not thrive. Remove fading foliage summer produces cup-shaped, very dark brown mottling. Produces star-shaped, across, in summer.
and flowers, and divide crowded plants. blackish-purple flowers, 3in (8cm) across, yellow flowers, 3/4–11/4in (2–4cm) across, N. ‘Ray Davies’. Deciduous, perennial
Propagate by division in spring. with dark orange stamens. in summer. water plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft
N. advena (Common spatterdock). N. ‘Blue Beauty’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, N. ‘James Brydon’, illus. p.440. (1.5m). In summer produces peony-shaped,
Deciduous, perennial, deep-water plant. perennial water plant with floating leaves. Deciduous, perennial water plant with light pink flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) across,
S 4ft (1.2m). Has broadly oval, floating, mid- S to 8ft (2.5m). Leaves are brown-freckled, floating leaves. S to 8ft (2.5m). Fragrant, slightly yellow in center, above rounded,
green leaves; central ones are occasionally dark green above, purplish-green beneath. peony-shaped, orange-suffused, crimson deep green leaves. Z10–11 H12–7.
erect. Small, purple-tinged, yellow flowers Fragrant, rounded, deep blue flowers, to flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) across, are borne N. ‘Red Flare’. Deciduous, perennial
in summer are followed by ovoid to flask- 12in (30cm) across, are produced in in summer above glossy, dark green leaves. water plant with floating leaves. S 5–6ft
shaped fruits. Z6–11 H12–6. summer. Z10–11 H11–7. Z3–11 H11–1. (1.5–1.8m). Leaves are rounded, strongly
N. lutea, illus. p.444. N. capensis (Cape blue waterlily). N. ‘Laydekeri Fulgens’. See N. ‘Fulgens’ toothed and reddish-green. In summer
Deciduous, perennial water plant with Laydekeri Group. bears night-blooming, flat, dark red
Nuttallia. See Oemleria. floating leaves. S to 6ft (2m). Large, mid- N. Laydekeri Group ‘Fulgens’, syn. N. flowers, 7–10in (17–25cm) across, with light
green leaves are often splashed with purple ‘Laydekeri Fulgens’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, pink or yellowish stamens. Z10–11 H12–7.
NYMANIA beneath. Star-shaped, bright blue flowers, perennial water plant with floating leaves. N. ‘Rose Arey’, illus. p.440. Deciduous,
6–8in (15–20cm) across, are borne in S to 3ft (1m). Dark green leaves have perennial water plant with floating leaves.
AITONIACEAE/MELIACEAE summer. Z10–11 H12–7. purplish-green undersides. Star-shaped, S to 5ft (1.5m). Leaves are purple when
N. ‘Emily Grant Hutchings’. Deciduous, bright crimson flowers, 2–4in (5–10cm) young, maturing to reddish-green. In
Genus of one species of evergreen, spring- perennial water plant with floating leaves. across, are borne in summer. Z3–11 H11–1. summer bears star-shaped, deep rose-pink
flowering shrub, grown for its flowers and S to 4ft (1.2m). Has small, green leaves N. ‘Lemon Chiffon’, illus. p.440. flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, that pale
fruits. Needs full light and fertile, well- overlaid with bronze-crimson. Cup-shaped, Deciduous, perennial water plant with with age and have strong aniseed
drained soil. Water container specimens pinkish-red flowers, 6–8in (15–20cm) floating leaves. S 6ft (2m). Rounded, mid- fragrance. Z3–11 H11–1.
moderately when in full growth, less at across, open during night in summer. green leaves, red spotted underneath, are N. ‘Saint Louis’. Deciduous, perennial
other times. Propagate by seed in spring Z10–11 H12–7. strongly splashed with bronze. Produces water plant with floating leaves. S to 6ft
or by semiripe cuttings in summer. N. ‘Escarboucle’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, spherical, pale lemon flowers, 6in (15cm) (2m). Bright green leaves are spotted with
N. capensis, illus. p.456. perennial water plant with floating leaves. across, in summer. brown when young. Produces open, star-
S to 10ft (3m). Leaves are dark green. In N. ‘Lucidia’, illus. p.440. Deciduous, shaped, bright yellow flowers, 6–10in (15–
NYMPHAEA summer has cup-shaped, deep crimson perennial water plant with floating leaves. 25cm) across, in summer. Z10–11 H12–7.
flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, with S 5–6ft (1.5–1.8m). Has broadly ovate, mid- N. ‘Sunrise’, illus. p.440. Deciduous,
Waterlily bright golden-yellow centers. Z3–11 H12–1. green leaves. Star-shaped flowers, 5–6in perennial water plant with floating leaves.
NYMPHAEACEAE N. ‘Fabiola’. Deciduous, perennial water (12–15cm) across, with red inner petals, S to 6ft (2m). Mid-green leaves have downy
plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m). In pink-veined, whitish- pink outer petals and stalks and undersides. Bears star-shaped,
Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering, summer produces fragrant, peony-shaped yellow stamens, are produced in summer. yellow flowers, 4–6in (10–15cm) across, in
perennial water plants, grown for their flowers, 6–7in (15–18cm) across, with Z3–11 H11–1. summer. Z3–11 H11–1.
floating, usually rounded leaves and
brightly colored flowers. Needs an open,
sunny position and still water; they are not
suitable for streams, or positions close to

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N. tetragona, syn. N. pygmaea. Z3–11 O restrict growth, remove suckers and cut O. europaea (Olive). Slow-growing,
H12–1. ‘Alba’ (illus. p.440) is a deciduous, old shoots back or down to base in late evergreen, spreading tree. H and S 30ft
perennial water plant with floating leaves. OCHNA winter. Propagate by suckers in fall. (10m). Is very long-lived. Narrowly oblong
S to 12in (30cm). Has small, dark green O. cerasiformis (Indian plum, Oregon leaves are gray-green above, silvery
leaves, purplish-green beneath, and, in Bird’s eye bush plum, Oso berry). Deciduous, upright, then beneath. Tiny, fragrant, white flowers,
summer, star-shaped, white flowers, arching shrub that forms dense thickets. borne in short racemes in late summer, are
3⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm) across. Z3–11 H11–1. OCHNACEAE H 8ft (2.5m), S 12ft (4m). Leaves are followed by edible, oval, green, later purple
‘Helvola’. See N. ‘Helvola’. narrowly oval and dark blue-green. Has fruits. Z8–10 H10–8.
N. ‘Virginia’. Deciduous, perennial water Genus of mainly evergreen trees and nodding clusters of small, fragrant, bell-
plant with floating leaves. S to 5ft (1.5m). shrubs, grown mostly for their flowers shaped, white flowers in early spring, OLEARIA
Produces purplish-green leaves and, in and fruits. Prefers full light and well- followed by small, plum-shaped, purple
summer, star-shaped, white flowers, 4–6in drained soil. Water container specimens fruits. Z6–10 H10–6. Daisy bush
(10–15cm) across. Z3–11 H12–1. moderately, less when not in full growth.
N. ‘Wood’s White Knight’. Deciduous, Prune, if necessary, in early spring. OENOTHERA COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
perennial water plant with floating leaves. Propagate by seed in spring or by semiripe
S to 6ft (2m). Leaves are mid-green, cuttings in summer. Evening primrose, Sundrops Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees,
dappled with darker green beneath. In O. multiflora. See O. serrulata. grown for their foliage and daisylike
summer produces star-shaped, creamy- O. serratifolia of gardens. See ONAGRACEAE flower heads. In mild, coastal areas,
white flowers, 4–8in (10–20cm) across, with O. serrulata. provides good, very wind-resistant
prominent, gold stamens, which open at O. serrulata, syn. O. multiflora, Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials, shelter. Needs full sun and well-drained
night. Z10–11 H12–7. O. serratifolia of gardens (Mickey Mouse grown for their profuse but short-lived soil. Cut out dead wood in spring.
plant). Evergreen, irregularly rounded, flowers in summer. Needs full sun and well- Propagate by semiripe cuttings
NYMPHOIDES twiggy shrub that is semievergreen in low drained, sandy soil. Propagate by seed in summer.
temperatures. H to 6ft (2m), S 3–6ft (1–2m) or division in fall or spring or by softwood O. albida of gardens. See O. ‘Talbot de
Floating heart or more. Leaves are narrowly elliptic, cuttings in late spring. Malahide’.
MENYANTHACEAE toothed and glossy. Has 5-petaled, bright O. acaulis. Tuft-forming perennial. O. avicenniifolia. Evergreen, rounded,
Genus of deciduous, perennial, deep-water yellow flowers in spring–summer, followed H 6in (15cm), S 8in (20cm). Has oblong dense shrub. H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Oval
plants, with floating foliage, grown for by shuttlecock-shaped, red fruits, each to oval, deeply toothed or lobed leaves. to lance-shaped, dark gray-green leaves
their flowers. Requires an open, sunny with 1–5 berry-like seeds clustered on top. Cup-shaped, white flowers, turning pink, are white beneath. Bears wide heads of
position. Propagate by division in spring Z11 H12–9. open at sunset in summer. Z5–9 H9–5. fragrant, white flowers in late summer
or summer. O. caespitosa. Clump-forming, stemless and early fall.
N. peltata, syn. Limnanthemum x ODONTIODA perennial. H 5in (12cm), S 8in (20cm). Has O. x haastii, illus. p.130.
nymphoides, Villarsia nymphoides, illus. narrowly oval, entire or toothed, mid-green O. ‘Henry Travers’, syn. O. semidentata.
p.444. ORCHIDACEAE leaves. Flowers, opening at sunset in Evergreen, rounded, compact shrub.
summer, are fragrant, cup-shaped and H and S 10ft (3m). Has white shoots and
NYSSA See also ORCHIDS. white, becoming pink with age. Is suitable narrowly lance-shaped, leathery, gray-
O. Mount Bingham gx. See Oncidium for a rock garden. Z4–8 H8–1. green leaves. Large heads of purple-
Tupelo Mount Bingham. O. fraseri. See O. fruticosa subsp. glauca. centered, lilac flowers are borne from
NYSSACEAE x O. Pacific Gold gx. See x Oncostele O. fruticosa (Sundrops). subsp. glauca, early to mid-summer.
Pacific Mystery gx. syn. O. fraseri, O. glauca, O. tetragona is O. ilicifolia, illus. p.130. Evergreen, bushy,
N Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their O. Petit Port gx. See Oncidium Petit Port. a clump-forming perennial. H 18–24in (45– dense shrub.H and S 10ft (3m). Narrowly
foliage and fall color. Needs sun or partial 60cm), S 18in (45cm). Dense spikes of oblong, rigid leaves are sharply toothed,
shade and moist, neutral to acidic soil. x Odontocidium Artur Elle gx fragrant, cup-shaped, bright yellow flowers gray-green and musk-scented. Fragrant,
Does best in hot summers. Resents being ‘Columbian’. See Oncidium Artur Elle gx are produced from mid- to late summer. white flower heads are borne in clusters
transplanted. Propagate by softwood ‘Colombien’. Leaves, borne on reddish-green stems, are in early summer.
cuttings in summer or by seed in fall. x Odontocidium Tiger Hambuhren gx. narrowly oval to lance-shaped and glossy, O. lacunosa. Evergreen, upright, dense
N. sinensis, illus. p.77. See Oncidium Tiger Hambuhren. mid-green. ‘Fyrverkeri’, syn. O. fruticosa shrub. H and S 10ft (3m). Narrowly
N. sylvatica, illus. p.66. x Odontocidium Tigersun gx ‘Orbec’. ‘Fireworks’ illus. p.275. ‘Fireworks’. See oblong, pointed, rigid leaves have rust-
See Oncidium Tigersun gx ‘Orbec’. O. fruticosa ‘Fyrverkeri’. brown hairs when young and mature
644 Odontoglossum bictoniense. See O. glauca. See O. fruticosa subsp. glauca. to glossy, dark green with central, white
Rhynchostele bictoniensis. O. macrocarpa, syn. O. missouriensis, veins. Produces white flower heads
Odontoglossum Buttercrisp gx. See illus. p.372. only rarely.
Oncidium Julie Barbara Good gx. O. missouriensis. See O. macrocarpa. O. macrodonta, illus. p.132. Vigorous,
Odontoglossum cervantesii. See O. perennis, syn. O. pumila (Sundrops). evergreen, upright shrub, often treelike.
Rhynchostele cervantesii. Clump-forming perennial. H 6–24in (15– H 20ft (6m), S 15ft (5m). Has holly-shaped,
Odontoglossum cordatum. See 60cm), S 12in (30cm). In summer, loose sharply toothed, gray-green leaves, silvery-
Rhynchostele cordatum. spikes of nodding buds open to fragrant, white beneath. Large heads of fragrant,
Odontoglossum crispum. See Oncidium funnel-shaped, yellow flowers above spoon- white flowers are borne in early summer.
alexandrae. shaped, mid-green leaves. Z3–8 H8–1. O. x mollis. Evergreen, rounded, dense
Odontoglossum Eric Young gx. See O. pumila. See O. perennis. shrub. H 3ft (1m), S 5ft (1.5m). Has oval,
Oncidium Eric Young gx. O. speciosa (White evening primrose). wavy-edged, silvery-gray leaves. Large
Odontoglossum grande. See Often short-lived, clump-forming perennial heads of small, white flowers are borne
Rossioglossum grande. with running rhizomes. H 18in (45cm), profusely in late spring. ‘Zennorensis’,
Odontoglossum Le Nez Point gx. S 12in (30cm) or more. In summer bears H  and S 6ft (2m), has narrowly oblong
See Oncidium Le Nez Point gx. spikes of fragrant, saucer-shaped, green- leaves.
Odontoglossum rossii. See centered, pure white flowers that age to O. nummulariifolia, illus. p.128.
Rhynchostele rossii. pink and open flat. Leaves are narrowly O. phlogopappa. Evergreen, upright,
Odontoglossum Royal Occasion gx. spoon-shaped, deeply cut and mid-green. compact shrub. H and S 6ft (2m). Has
See Oncidium Royal Occasion. Z5–8 H8–1. oblong, wavy-edged, gray-green leaves.
O. tetragona. See O. fruticosa subsp. Massed, white flower heads are produced
OEMLERIA glauca. in late spring. Z12–15 H12–8. var.
subrepanda, illus. p.149.
SYN. NUTTALLIA, OSMARONIA OLEA O. x scilloniensis. Evergreen, upright,
then rounded, dense shrub. H and S 6ft
ROSACEAE Olive (2m). Narrowly oblong, wavy-edged, gray-
green leaves set off masses of white flower
Genus of one species of deciduous, early OLEACEAE heads in late spring.
spring-flowering shrub, grown for its O. semidentata of gardens. See O. ‘Henry
fragrant flowers and decorative fruits. Genus of evergreen trees, grown for their Travers’.
Separate male and female plants are foliage and edible fruits. Needs full sun O. ‘Talbot de Malahide’, syn. O. albida.
needed in order to obtain fruits. Prefers and deep, fertile, very well-drained soil. Evergreen, bushy, dense shrub. H 10ft (3m),
sun or partial shade and moist soil. To Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer
or by seed in fall.

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S 15ft (5m). Oval, dark green leaves are ONCIDIUM O. Petit Port, syn. x Odontioda Petit Port spikes of yellow-striped and -marked,
silvery beneath. Bears broad heads of gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool rich chocolate-brown flowers, 3in (7cm)
fragrant, white flowers in late summer. Is ORCHIDACEAE greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears spikes across; flowering season varies. Leaves are
excellent for an exposed, coastal garden. of rich red flowers, 3in (8cm) across, with narrowly oval and 4–6in (10–15cm) long.
Z9–10 H10–9. See also ORCHIDS. pink-and-yellow-marked lip; flowering Grow in shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6.
O. virgata, illus. p.112. O. alexandrae, syn. Odontoglossum season varies. Narrowly oval leaves are
crispum, illus. p.466. Evergreen, epiphytic 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Needs shade in ONIXOTIS
Oliveranthus elegans. See Echeveria orchid for a cool greenhouse or summer. Z14–15 H12–6.
harmsii. conservatory. H 6in (15cm). Bears long O. Royal Occasion, syn. Odontoglossum SYN. DIPIDAX
sprays of rounded flowers, 3in (8cm) Royal Occasion gx. Evergreen, epiphytic
OLSYNIUM across, white or spotted or flushed with orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). LILIACEAE/COLCHICACEAE
pink, each with red-and-yellow-marked lip; Has spikes of white flowers, 3in (8cm)
IRIDACEAE flowering season varies. Has narrowly oval across, with deep yellow markings in Genus of spring-flowering corms,
leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Requires centers of lips, in fall–winter. Leaves are cultivated mainly for botanical interest.
Genus of fibrous-rooted, clump-forming shade in summer. Z13–15 H12–6. narrowly oval and 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Requires sun and well-drained soil. Plant
perennials, grown for their nodding, O. Artur Elle gx ‘Colombien’, syn. x Needs shade in summer. Z13–15 H12–6. corms in early fall and keep them watered
trumpet- to bell-shaped flowers in spring. Odontocidium Artur Elle gx ‘Columbian’, O. sotoanum, illus. p.466. Evergreen, until after flowering. Dry off in summer.
Requires partial shade and rich, moderately illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. Propagate by seed in fall.
fertile, moist soil. Propagate by seed in fall. a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Produces H 6in (15cm). Dense, arching sprays of very O. triquetra, syn. Dipidax triquetrum.
Young plants take 2 or 3 years to flower. tall spikes of pale yellow flowers, 21/2in fragrant, rose-lilac flowers, 1/4in (0.5cm) Spring-flowering corm. H 8–12in
O. biflorum, syn. Phaiophleps biflora, (6cm) across, with intricate, brown across, with yellow highlight, are borne (20–30cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Long, narrow
Sisyrinchium odoratissimum. Clump- patterns; flowering season varies. Has freely in fall. Has narrowly oval leaves, leaves are semierect and basal. Produces
forming, spring- to summer-flowering, narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. 4in (10cm) long. Requires partial shade in a spike of flattish, star-shaped, white
rhizomatous perennial. H 10–14in Requires shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. summer. Z14–15 H12–6. flowers, each narrow petal having basal,
(25–35cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm). Has cylindrical, O. Eric Young gx, syn. Odontoglossum O. Tiger Hambuhren, syn. x red mark.
rush-like, erect, basal leaves. Bears small Eric Young gx, illus. p.467. Evergreen, Odontocidium Tiger Hambuhren gx.
head of pendent, white flowers that are epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool ONOCLEA
striped and veined red. Z9–10 H10–9. H 6in (15cm). Has spikes of white-lipped, greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Deep yellow
O. douglasii, syn. Sisyrinchium douglasi, pale yellow flowers, 3in (8cm) across, flowers, 3in (8cm) across and heavily WOODSIACEAE/ONOCLEACEAE
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum. Stiff, upright, spotted with rich yellow; flowering season patterned with chestnut-brown, are borne
summer-deciduous perennial. H 10in varies. Bears narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in in tall spikes; flowering season varies. Has Genus of one species of deciduous fern that
(25cm), S 6in (15cm). Has grasslike leaves (10–15cm) long. Grow in shade in summer. narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) long. rapidly colonizes wet areas via spreading,
sheathing very short, threadlike flowering Z13–15 H12–6. Needs shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. underground rhizomes. Needs partial
stems and, in early spring, a succession O. flexuosum. See Gomesa flexuosum. O. Tigersun gx ‘Orbec’, syn. x shade and wet soil. Remove fronds as they
of pendent, bell-shaped, violet to red- O. Hambühren Stern gx ‘Cheam’, syn. Odontocidium Tigersun gx ‘Orbec’, illus. fade. Propagate by division in fall or winter.
purple, or sometimes white, flowers. Is x Wilsonara Hambühren Stern gx ‘Cheam’, p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for O. sensibilis, illus. p.443.
suitable for a rock garden or alpine illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool greenhouse. Is very similar to
house. Z4–9 H9–3. a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Narrowly x O. Tiger Hambuhren, but the flowers ONONIS O
oval leaves are 4in (10cm) long. Bears are slightly smaller, with lighter patterning.
OMPHALODES spikes of deep reddish-brown flowers, Z14–15 H12–6. Restharrow
4in (10cm) across, each with yellow lip; O. tigrinum, illus. p.467. Evergreen,
Navelwort flowering season varies. Requires shade epiphytic orchid for a cool or intermediate LEGUMINOSAE/PAPILIONACEAE
in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Branching
BORAGINACEAE O. Julie Barbara Good gx, syn. x spikes of fragrant, yellow-marked, brown Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
Odontoglossum Buttercrisp gx, illus. flowers, 2in (5cm) across, with large, yellow perennials and deciduous or semievergreen
Genus of annuals and perennials, some p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for lip, are borne in fall. Has oval leaves, 6in shrubs and subshrubs, grown for their
of which are evergreen or semievergreen. a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). (15cm) long. Requires partial shade in pealike flowers. Is good for rock gardens,
Makes good groundcover, especially in Produces arching spikes of intricately summer. H11–6. walls and banks. Needs sun and well-drained
rock gardens. Needs full or partial shade patterned, red, tan, orange and yellow soil. Propagate by seed in fall or spring,
and moist but well-drained soil, except flowers, 3in (8cm) across; flowering x ONCIDOPSIS shrubs also by softwood cuttings in summer.
for O. linifolia and O. luciliae, which season varies. Has narrowly oval leaves, O. fruticosa, illus. p.339.
prefer sun. Propagate by seed or division 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Needs shade in ORCHIDACEAE O. natrix, illus. p.345.
in spring. summer. Z14–15 H12–6. O. rotundifolia. Deciduous or
O. cappadocica, illus. p.334. ‘Cherry O. Le Nez Point gx, syn. Odontoglossum See also ORCHIDS. semievergreen, glandular, upright subshrub.
Ingram’ illus. p.261. Le Nez Point gx. Evergreen, epiphytic x O. Cambrica gx ‘Lensing’s Favorite’, H 8–24in (20–60cm), S 8–12in (20–30cm) or
O. linifolia, illus. p.299. orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). syn. x Vuylstekeara Cambrica gx ‘Lensing’s more. Bears small, rounded, 3-parted,
O. luciliae. Semievergreen, mound- Crimson flowers, 21/2in (6cm) across, are Favorite’, illus. p.467. Evergreen, epiphytic toothed, hairy, green leaves, with terminal
forming perennial. H 3in (7cm), S 6in borne in spikes; flowering season varies. orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). leaflet long-stalked. Relatively large, red-
(15cm). Has oval, blue-gray leaves. In Has narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) Has narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) streaked, rose-pink flowers are produced in
spring–summer, loose sprays of pink buds long. Needs shade in summer. Z13–15 long. Bears long sprays of wine-red small clusters in summer. Z7–10 H10–7.
develop into flattish, sky-blue flowers. H12–6. flowers, 4in (10cm) across, heavily marked
Resents winter wet, so plant in a sheltered O. Memoria Commander Wiggs gx with white; flowering season varies. Needs Onopordon. See Onopordum.
site or alpine house. Prefers sun and very ‘Kay’, (x Odontocidium Tiger Butter gx, x shade in summer.
gritty soil. Z7–9 H9–7. Wilsonara Wigg’s gx ‘Kay’), illus. p.467. x O. Olga gx. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid ONOPORDUM
O. verna, illus. p.334. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool for a cool greenhouse. H 6in (15cm). Pure
greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears spikes of white flowers, 4in (10cm) across, with SYN. ONOPORDON
OMPHALOGRAMMA mottled, deep reddish-brown flowers, 2in large, reddish-brown-blotched lips, are Cotton thistle, Scotch thistle
(5cm) across, with rich golden-yellow lip; borne in tall, arching racemes, mainly
PRIMULACEAE flowering season varies. Narrowly oval in fall. Produces ovoid pseudobulbs and COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE
leaves are 4–6in (10–15cm) long. Grow in narrowly oval leaves, 5in (12cm) long. Is
Genus of perennials, closely related to shade in summer. Z14–15 H12–6. best grown in shade in summer. Genus of annuals, biennials and perennials,
Primula, grown for their flowers. Makes O. Mount Bingham, syn. x Odontioda ranging from stemless to tall, branching
good rock garden plants, but is difficult to Mount Bingham gx. Evergreen, epiphytic x ONCOSTELE plants. Needs sun or partial shade and rich,
grow, especially in hot, dry areas. Needs orchid for a cool greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). well-drained soil. To prevent self-seeding,
shade and moist but well-drained, gritty, Bears pink-edged, red flowers, 31/2in (9cm) ORCHIDACEAE remove dead flower heads. Propagate by
peaty soil. Propagate by seed in spring. across, in spikes; flowering season varies. seed in fall or spring. Leaves are prone to
O. vinciflorum. Basal-rosetted perennial. Has narrowly oval leaves, 4–6in (10–15cm) See also ORCHIDS. slug and snail damage.
H 6in (15cm), S 4in (10cm). Has oval, hairy, long. Needs shade in summer. Z14–15 x O. Pacific Mystery gx (Odontoglossum O. acanthium, illus. p.304.
mid-green leaves. In spring produces H12–6. cordatum, x Odontioda Pacific Gold gx).
nodding, funnel-shaped, violet flowers, O. papilio. See Psychopsis papilio. Evergreen, epiphytic orchid for a cool ONOSMA 645
each with deeper violet throat and flat, greenhouse. H 9in (23cm). Bears long
flared mouth. BORAGINACEAE

Genus of summer-flowering annuals,
semievergreen biennials, perennials and
subshrubs, grown for their long, pendent,
tubular flowers. Is suitable for rock

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gardens. Needs full sun and well-drained with greenish sepals, yellow petals and become invasive. Contact with the bristles with an even greater number of hybrids,
soil. Dislikes wet summers. Propagate by brown-centered, bright yellow lips. Has causes intense irritation to skin, and they bred partly for their vigor and ease of
softwood cuttings in summer or by seed oval, basal leaves, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. are difficult to remove. care. They are divided into epiphytic and
in fall. Z8–9 H9–8. O. brasiliensis, syn. Brasiliopuntia terrestrial plants. (The spread of an orchid
O. alborosea, illus. p.338. O. speculum, syn. O. vernixia. Deciduous, brasiliensis. Treelike, perennial cactus. is indefinite.)
O. stellulata. Semievergreen, upright terrestrial orchid. H 3–12in (8–30cm). In H 18ft (5.5m), S 10ft (3m). Cylindrical,
subshrub. H and S 6in (15cm). Leaves are spring produces dense spikes of flowers, green stem bears bright green branches Epiphytic orchids
oblong and covered in hairs which may 1/2in (1cm) long, with greenish or yellow of flattened, oval, spiny segments. Sheds Epiphytes have more flamboyant flowers
irritate the skin. Clusters of yellow flowers sepals, purple petals and 3-centered, brown 2–3-year-old side branches. Masses of than terrestrial orchids and are more
are produced in late spring and summer. lips. Has oblong to lance-shaped leaves, shallowly saucer-shaped, yellow flowers, commonly grown. In the wild, they grow
Z8–9 H9–8. 11/2–3in (4–7cm) long. Z7–9 H9–7. 11/2in (4cm) across, are produced in on tree branches or rocks (lithophytes),
O. sphegodes, syn. O. aranifera (Early spring–summer, on plants more than obtaining nourishment through clinging
OOPHYTUM spider orchid). Deciduous, terrestrial 2ft (60cm) tall, and are followed by small, roots and moisture through aerial roots.
orchid. H 4–18in (10–45cm). In spring– yellow fruits. Z11–12 H12–9. Most consist of a horizontal rhizome, from
AIZOACEAE summer bears spikes of flowers, 1/2in (1cm) O. cylindrica, syn. Austrocylindropuntia which arise vertical, water-storing, often
long, that vary from green to yellow and cylindrica. Bushy, perennial cactus. swollen stems known as pseudobulbs.
Genus of clump-forming, egg-shaped, have spider-like, blackish-brown marks on H 12–20ft (4–6m), S 3ft (1m). Cylindrical stems Flowers and foliage are produced from
perennial succulents with two united, very lips. Leaves are oval to lance-shaped and bear short-lived, cylindrical, dark green the newest pseudobulbs. Other epiphytes
fleshy leaves. These are covered in dry, 11/2–3in (4–8cm) long. Z7–9 H9–7. leaves on new growth. Areoles may lack consist of a continuously growing upright
papery sheaths, except in spring when O. tenthredinifera (Sawfly orchid), illus. spines or each produce 2 or 3 barbed ones. rhizome; on these, flower spikes appear
sheaths split open, revealing a new pair of p.466. Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. Shallowly saucer-shaped, pink-red flowers in the axils of leaves growing from the
leaves. Flowers are produced from a slight H 6–22in (15–55cm). In spring has spikes of are produced in spring–summer, on plants rhizome. In temperate climates, epiphytes
central fissure on upper surface. Is difficult flowers, 1⁄2in (1cm) long, in colors of white more than 6ft (2m) tall, and are followed by need to be grown under glass.
to grow. Requires sun and well-drained to pink, or blue and green, with violet or greenish-yellow fruits. Z11–12 H12–9.
soil. Propagate by seed or stem cuttings bluish lip edged with pale green. Has basal O. erinacea. See O. polyacantha. Cultivation of epiphytes
in spring or summer. rosette of oval to oblong leaves, 2–31/2in O. ficus-indica (Indian fig, Prickly pear). For cultivation purposes, epiphytes, which
O. nanus. Clump-forming, perennial (5–9cm) long. Z7–9 H9–7. Bushy to treelike, perennial cactus. are all tender (they cannot withstand
succulent. H 3/4in (2cm), S 1/2in (1cm). Has O. vernixia. See O. speculum. H and S 15ft (5m). Bears flattened, oblong, freezing temperatures), may be divided
2 united, fleshy, green leaves and daisylike, spineless, blue-green stem segments. In into three groups: cool-greenhouse types,
white flowers, 1/2in (1cm) wide, in fall. Ophthalmophyllum herri. See spring–summer has masses of shallowly which require min. 50°F (10°C) and max.
Conophytum longum. saucer-shaped, yellow flowers, 4in (10cm) 75°F (24°C); intermediate-greenhouse
Operculina tuberosa. See Merremia Ophthalmophyllum longum. See across, followed by edible, purple fruits. types, needing a range of 55–80°F
tuberosa. Conophytum longum. Z11–12 H12–9. (13–27°C); and warm-greenhouse types,
Ophthalmophyllum villetii. See O. humifusa, illus. p.494. requiring 65–80°F (18–27°C). In summer,
OPHIOPOGON Conophytum concordans. O. microdasys (Bunny ears). Bushy, temperatures need to be controlled by
perennial cactus. H and S 2ft (60cm). Has shading the glass and by ventilation.
Lilyturf OPLISMENUS flattened, oval, green stem segments that Cool-greenhouse orchids may be placed
develop brown marks in low temperatures. outdoors in summer; this improves
LILIACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE GRAMINEAE/POACEAE Bears spineless areoles, with white, yellow, flowering. Other types may also be grown
brown or red glochids, closely set in outdoors if the air temperature remains
Genus of evergreen perennials, grown See also GRASSES, BAMBOOS, RUSHES diagonal rows. Masses of funnel-shaped, within these ranges.
mainly for their grasslike foliage. Needs and SEDGES. yellow flowers, 2in (5cm) across, are borne
O. africanus, syn. O. hirtellus (Basket in summer on plants more than 6in (15cm) The amount of light required in summer
O sun or partial shade and fertile, well- grass). ‘Variegatus’ illus. p.469. tall, and are followed by small, dark red is given in individual plant entries.
drained soil. Propagate by division in O. hirtellus. See O. africanus. fruits. Z11–12 H12–9. var. albispina illus. All epiphytic orchids, however, need
spring or by seed in fall. p.483. illus. p.483. to be kept out of direct sun in summer
O. jaburan (Jaburan lily, White lilyturf). OPLOPANAX O. polyacantha, syn. O. erinacea, illus. to avoid scorching, and require full
Evergreen, clump-forming perennial. p.481. light in winter.
H 6in (15cm), S 12in (30cm). Has dark green ARALIACEAE O. robusta, illus. p.488.
leaves. In early summer produces racemes O. tunicata, syn. Cylindropuntia tunicata, Epiphytic orchids, whether grown
of bell-shaped, white flowers, followed by Genus of deciduous, summer-flowering illus. p.496. indoors or outside, require a special soil-
deep blue berries. Z7–10 H10–7. ‘Vittatus’, shrubs, grown for their habit, fruits and O. verschaffeltii, syn. free compost obtained from an orchid
syn. O. jaburan ‘Variegatus’ has white- or spiny foliage. Young growth may be Austrocylindropuntia verschaffeltii, illus. nursery or made by mixing 2 parts fibrous
yellow-striped leaves and is much less damaged by late frosts. Prefers partial p.486. material (such as bark chippings and/or
robust. ‘Variegatus’. See O. jaburan shade and moist soil. Propagate by seed peat) with 1 part porous material (such as
‘Vittatus’. in fall or by root cuttings in late winter. ORBEA moss and/or expanded clay pellets). Most
O. japonicus, illus. p.283. O. horridus (Devil’s club). Deciduous, epiphytes may be grown in pots, although
O. planiscapus ‘Nigrescens’, illus. spreading, open, sparsely branched shrub. ASCLEPIADACEAE/APOCYNACEAE some may be successfully cultivated in a
p.280. H and S 6ft (2m). Prickly stems bear large, hanging basket or on a slab of bark (with
oval, 7–9-lobed, toothed, mid-green leaves. Genus of clump-forming, perennial moss around their roots) suspended in the
646 OPHRYS Bears dense umbels of small, star-shaped, succulents with erect, 4-angled stems. Stem greenhouse.
greenish-white flowers from mid- to late edges are often indented and may produce
ORCHIDACEAE summer, followed by spherical, red fruits. small leaves that drop after only a few In summer, water plants freely and spray
Z7–9 H9–7. weeks. Needs sun or partial shade and regularly. Those suspended on bark slabs
See also ORCHIDS. well-drained soil. Propagate by seed or need a constantly moist atmosphere. In
O. aranifera. See O. sphegodes. OPUNTIA stem cuttings in spring or summer. winter, water moderately and, if plants
O. fuciflora of gardens, syn. O. holoserica. O. variegata, syn. Stapelia variegata, are in growth, spray occasionally. Some
Deciduous, terrestrial orchid. H 6–22in CACTACEAE illus. p.488. orchids rest in winter and require scarcely
(15–55cm). Spikes of flowers, 1/2in (1cm) any water or none at all. Orchids benefit
long, from white through pink to blue and Genus of perennial cacti, ranging from ORCHIDS from weak foliar feeds; apply as for
green, are borne in spring–summer. Leaves small, alpine, groundcover plants to large, watering. Repot plants every other year,
are oval to oblong, 2–4in (5–10cm) long. evergreen, tropical trees, with at times ORCHIDACEAE in spring; if they are about to flower, repot
Z7–9 H9–7. insignificant glochids—short, soft, barbed after flowering.
O. fusca (Somber bee orchid). Deciduous, spines produced on areoles. Mature plants Family of perennials, some of which are
terrestrial orchid. H 4–16in (10–40cm). carry masses of short-spined, pear-shaped, evergreen or semievergreen, grown for Terrestrial orchids
Spikes of greenish, yellow or brown flowers, green, yellow, red or purple fruits (prickly their unusual flowers. These consist of Terrestrial orchids, some of which also
1/4in (5cm) long, with yellow-edged, bluish, pears), edible in some species. Hardy 3 outer sepals and 3 inner petals, the produce pseudobulbs, grow in soil or
brown or purple lip, are produced in spring. species must be kept dry during winter in lowest of which, known as the lip, is usually leaf mold, sustaining themselves in the
Has oval or lance-shaped leaves, 3–5in order to survive low temperatures. Needs enlarged and different from the others in normal way through roots or tubers.
(8–12cm) long. Z12–15 H12–6. sun and well-drained soil. Water container shape, markings and color. There are about Some may be grown in borders, but many
O. holoserica of gardens. See O. fuciflora specimens when in full growth. Propagate 750 genera and 22,500 species, together in temperate climates need to be cultivated
of gardens. by seed or stem cuttings in spring or in pots and protected under glass in winter.
O. lutea, illus. p.467. Deciduous, terrestrial summer. Some species can spread and
orchid. H 3–12in (8–30cm). In spring bears Cultivation of terrestrial orchids
short spikes of flowers, 1/2in (1cm) long, Terrestrial orchids are hardy to tender, min.

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65°F (18°C). Cypripedium species may be Phalaenopsis, Phragmipedium, Pleione, (12–15cm), S 16in (40cm). Arching stems spikes. Propagate by seed when fresh,
grown outdoors in any area, preferably in Ponerorchis, Psychopsis, x Rhyncattleanthe, are clothed in rounded, aromatic, hairy, in mid-summer.
neutral to acid soil, but cannot withstand x Rhycholaeliocattleya, Rhynochostele, gray-white leaves. Has pendent heads of O. aquaticum, illus. p.444.
severe frost, if frozen solid in pots or Rossioglossum, Serapias, Specklinia, open funnel-shaped, purplish-pink flowers
without snow cover, or tolerate very wet Spiranthes, Stanhopea, Vanda and in summer. Z8–11 H12–8. OROSTACHYS
soil in winter. Other terrestrial orchids, Zygopetalum. O. ‘Kent Beauty’, illus. p.339.
except in very mild areas, are best grown O. laevigatum, illus. p.340. CRASSULACEAE
in pots; use the same compost as for Orchis elata. See Dactylorhiza elata. O. rotundifolium. Deciduous, prostrate
epiphytes but add 1 part grit to 2 parts Orchis maderensis. See Dactylorhiza subshrub. H 9–12in (23–30cm), S 12in (30cm). Genus of short-lived, basal-rosetted,
compost. Place pots outdoors in a peat bed foliosa. In summer bears whorls of pendent, funnel- perennial succulents, grown for their very
or in a glasshouse in the growing season. Orchis morio. See Anacamptis morio. shaped, pale pink flowers, surrounded by fleshy, sword-shaped leaves. Produces
Keep dry when dormant. Under glass, yellow-green bracts. Has small, rounded, flowers 3 years from sowing seed, then
light requirements, watering, feeding OREOCEREUS mid-green leaves. Z7–9 H9–7. dies. Requires sun and well-drained soil.
and repotting are as for epiphytes. O. vulgare (Oregano). Mat-forming, Propagate by seed or division in spring
CACTACEAE woody-based perennial. H and S 18in or summer.
Orchid propagation (45cm). Has oval, aromatic, dark green O. chanetii. Basal-rosetted, perennial
Orchids with pseudobulbs may be Genus of mainly columnar, perennial cacti leaves, above which branched, wiry stems succulent. H 11/2in (4cm), S 3in (8cm). Bears
increased by removing and replanting with thick, cylindrical, much-ribbed stems bear clusters of tiny, tubular, 2-lipped, gray-green leaves that are shorter in
old, leafless pseudobulbs when repotting with spines, usually branching from the mauve flowers in summer. Z4–9 H10–2. rosette center. Flower stem produces
in spring. Take care to retain at least base, and, in some species, covered in long ‘Aureum’, illus. p.274. dense, tapering spike of star-shaped, white
4 pseudobulbs on the parent plant. Some hairs. Solitary, tubular-funnel-shaped or pink flowers, 1/2–3/4in (1–2cm) across, in
genera that may be propagated in this flowers are produced near stem tips during ORNITHOGALUM spring–summer. Z13–15 H12–1.
way are: Ada, x Aliceara, Anguloa, Bletilla, the day in summer. Requires full sun and
Brassavola (large plants only and retaining very well-drained, slightly alkaline soil. Star-of-Bethlehem OROYA
at least 6 pseudobulbs on the parent), Water well in spring-summer, much less so
x Brassocattleya, Bulbophyllum, Calanthe, in fall-winter. Propagate by seed in spring HYACINTHACEAE/ASPARAGACEAE CACTACEAE
Cattleya, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, or summer.
Dendrobium, Dendrochilum, Encyclia, O. aurantiacus. See Matucana aurantiaca. Genus of bulbs, grown for their mostly Genus of spherical, perennial cacti. Inner
Gomesa, Gongora, Laelia, Lycaste, O. celsianus, syn. Cleistocactus celsianus, star-shaped, white flowers, usually flower petals form a tube and outer ones
Maxillariella, Miltonia, Miltoniopsis, illus. p.493. backed with green. Needs sun or partial open fully. Needs sun and well-drained soil.
Oncidium, Phaius, Pleione, Stanhopea O. trollii, syn. Cleistocactus trollii. Slow- shade and well-drained soil. Lift and dry Propagate by seed in spring or summer.
and Zygopetalum. growing, columnar, perennial cactus. tender species for winter, if grown O. neoperuviana. See O. peruviana.
H 28in (70cm), S 4in (10cm). Cylindrical, outside in summer, and replant in spring. O. peruviana, syn. O. neoperuviana, illus.
Some orchids without pseudobulbs green stem, 3–4in (7–10cm), with thick, Propagate by seed or offsets, in fall for p.486.
produce new growth from the base. golden spines, is almost hidden by long, spring-flowering plants, in spring for
When a plant has 6 new growths, divide wispy, hairlike, white spines. Has pink Orphanidesia gaultherioides. See
it in spring into 2 and repot both portions. flowers, 4in (10cm) long, with recurved summer-flowering ones. T Handle Epigaea gaultherioides.
Propagate Disa, Paphiopedilum and tips, in summer on fully mature plants.
Phragmipedium in this way. Large carefully as all parts may cause severe ORTHROSANTHUS O
specimens of Eria and Masdevallia may OREOPTERIS discomfort if ingested; the sap may
be divided in spring, leaving 4–6 stems irritate skin. IRIDACEAE
on each portion. THELYPTERIDACEAE O. arabicum, illus. p.408.
O. balansae, syn. O. oligophyllum of Genus of perennials with short, woody
Propagation of Phalaenopsis is by stem Genus of deciduous ferns, spreading via gardens, illus. p.414. rhizomes, grown for their flowers. Prefers
cuttings taken soon after flowering. underground rhizomes to form colonies. O. lanceolatum, illus. p.415. sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by
Vanda may be increased by removing Some species can be invasive. Needs sun or O. magnum, illus. p.382. division or seed in spring.
the top half of the stem once it has partial shade and moist or very moist soil. O. montanum, illus. p.415. O. chimboracensis. Tufted, rhizomatous
produced aerial roots and leaves; new Remove fading fronds regularly. Propagate O. narbonense, illus. p.408. perennial. H 2ft (60cm) in flower, S 6in
growths will develop from the leafless by division in spring. O. nutans, illus. p.399. Spring-flowering (15cm). Has very narrow, grasslike, ribbed,
base. With both these methods, achieving O. limbosperma, syn. Thelypteris bulb. H 6–14in (15–35cm), S 3–4in (8–10cm). stiff leaves, to 18in (45cm) long, with finely
success is difficult and not recommended oreopteris (Mountain buckler fern, Has cluster of linear, channeled, semierect, toothed margins. In summer produces
for the beginner. Mountain fern, Mountain wood fern). basal leaves. Stem bears spike of pendent, clusters of short-lived, long-stalked,
Deciduous fern. H 2–3ft (60cm–1m), S 1ft bell-shaped, translucent, white flowers, shallowly bowl-shaped, lavender-blue
Propagate terrestrial orchids with tubers (30cm). Has mainly lance-shaped, much- 3⁄4–11⁄4in (2–3cm) long, with pale green flowers, each enclosed in 2 leaflike bracts.
by division of the tubers. Genera that may divided fronds, with oblong to lance- outsides. Prefers partial shade. Z10–11 H12–1.
be increased in this way are: Cypripedium shaped, mid-green pinnae. Z12–15 H12–10. O. oligophyllum of gardens. See
(in spring), Dactylorhiza (spring), Ophrys O. balansae. ORYCHOPHRAGMUS
(fall), Serapias (fall) and Spiranthes (spring). ORIGANUM O. saundersiae (Giant chincherinchee).
Calypso is rarely propagated successfully Summer-flowering bulb. H to 3ft (1m), CRUCIFERAE/BRASSICACEAE
in cultivation. Angraecum should not be Marjoram, Oregano S 6–8in (15–20cm). Produces basal cluster
propagated in cultivation, because the of strap- or lance-shaped, semierect Genus of late spring- to summer-flowering
parent plant is easily endangered. LABIATAE/LAMIACEAE leaves. Stem bears flat-topped head of annuals. Needs sun and fertile, well-
Propagate Ponerorchis by small tubers that erect, flattish, white or cream flowers, drained soil. Propagate by seed in spring.
form around the base of the stem, when Genus of deciduous subshrubs and each with blackish-green ovary forming O. violaceus. Moderately fast-growing,
repotting tubers before growth commences perennials, sometimes with overwintering dark eye. Z7–10 H10–7. upright annual or biennial. H 12–24in
in early spring. Seedlings may appear in leaf rosettes. Some species are grown as O. thyrsoides, illus. p.408. (30–60cm), S 12in (30cm). Has branching
the compost around the parent plant. culinary herbs, others for their clusters of O. umbellatum, illus. p.416. Spring- flower stems and pointed, oval, pale
tubular, usually pink flowers. Most species flowering bulb. H 4–12in (10–30cm), S 4–6in green leaves. Heads of 4-petaled,
The most easily increased orchids are have arching, prostrate stems and are (10–15cm). Linear, channeled, semierect, purple-blue flowers are produced in
Cymbidium. Propagation of Epidendrum useful for trailing over rocks, banks and green leaves each have white line on upper spring. Z10–13 H8–1.
may be extremely difficult; see genus for walls. Prefers sun and well-drained, alkaline surface. Bears loose, flat-topped head
specific details. soil. Propagate by division in spring, by of star-shaped, white flowers, backed OSBECKIA 647
cuttings of non-flowering shoots in early with green.
Orchids are illustrated on pp.466–67. summer or by seed in fall or spring. MELASTOMATACEAE
See also Ada, x Aliceara, Anacamptis, O. amanum. Deciduous, rounded, Orobus vernus. See Lathyrus vernus.
Angraecum, Anguloa, Bletilla, Brasiliorchid, compact subshrub. H and S 6–8in Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering
Brassavola, x Brassocattleya, Bulbophyllum, (15–20cm). Open funnel-shaped, pale ORONTIUM perennials, subshrubs and shrubs, grown
Calanthe, Calypso, Cattleya, x Cattlianthe, pink or white flowers are borne all for their flowers and foliage. Needs full
Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, summer above small, heart-shaped, Golden club light or partial shade and rich, well-drained
Dactylorhiza, Dendrobium, Dendrochilum, pale green leaves. Makes a good alpine soil. Water container specimens freely
Disa, Encyclia, Epidendrum, Eria, Gomesa, house plant; dislikes a damp atmosphere. ARACEAE when in full growth, moderately at other
Gongora, Guarianthe, Habernaria, Laelia, Z5–8 H8–5. times. Cut back flowered stems by at least
Lycaste, Masdevallia, Maxillariella, Miltonia, O. dictamnus (Dittany of Crete, Hop Genus of one species of deciduous, half in early spring to maintain vigor and to
Miltoniopsis, Oncidium, x Oncidopsis, x marjoram). Prostrate perennial. H 5–6in perennial, deep-water plant, grown produce large flower trusses. Propagate
Oncostele, Ophrys, Paphiopedilum, Phaius, for its floating foliage and flower spikes.
Needs full sun. Remove faded flower

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by seed in spring or by greenwood cuttings OSMUNDA OSTROWSKIA OXALIS
in summer.
O. stellata. Evergreen, rounded, stiff- OSMUNDACEAE Giant bellflower Shamrock, Sorrel
stemmed shrub. H and S 3–6ft (1–2m). Has
narrowly oval, hairy, prominently veined Genus of deciduous ferns. Requires shade, CAMPANULACEAE OXALIDACEAE
leaves. Bears terminal clusters of 4-petaled, except for O. regalis, which also tolerates
rose-purple flowers in late summer. sun. O. cinnamomea and O. claytoniana Genus of one species of summer- Genus of tuberous, rhizomatous or fibrous-
Z14–15 H12–10. need moist soil; O. regalis prefers very wet flowering perennial. Prefers a warm, rooted perennials and semievergreen
conditions. Remove fading fronds sunny situation and rich, moist but well- subshrubs, grown for their colorful
OSCULARIA regularly. Propagate by division in fall drained soil. May be difficult to grow flowers, which in bud are rolled like an
or winter or by spores as soon as ripe. because it requires a resting period after umbrella, and their often ornamental
AIZOCEACE O. cinnamomea (Cinnamon fern). flowering, so cover with a frame until leaves. Leaves are mostly less than 3/4in
Deciduous fern. H 3ft (1m), S 18in (45cm). late fall to keep dry. Propagate by seed in (2cm) across and are divided into 3 or more
Genus of spreading, sometimes erect, Outer, lance-shaped, divided, pale green fall or spring. leaflets. Some species may be invasive;
subshrubby perennial succulents, grown for sterile fronds, with deeply cut pinnae, O. magnifica. Erect perennial. H 5ft smaller species and cultivars are suitable
their daisylike, white to pink flowers, and surround brown fertile fronds, all arising (1.5m), S 11/2ft (45cm). From early to mid- for rock gardens. Needs full sun or partial
usually angular, fleshy, grayish-green leaves. from a fibrous rootstock. Z4–8 H8–1. summer produces very large, bell-shaped shade and well-drained soil. Propagate
Becomes woody with age. Makes good O. claytoniana (Interrupted fern). flowers of light blue-purple, veined with by division in fall or early spring.
summer bedding or pot plants. Requires full Deciduous fern. H 2ft (60cm), S 1ft (30cm). darker purple. Produces whorls of oval, O. acetosella (Wood sorrel). Creeping,
sun and very well-drained soil. Propagate by Has lance-shaped, pale green fronds, blue-gray leaves. Z7–8 H8–7. spring-flowering, rhizomatous perennial.
seed or stem cuttings in spring or fall. divided into oblong, blunt pinnae; outer H 2in (5cm), S 12–18in (30–45cm). Forms
O. deltoides, syn. Lampranthus deltoides, sterile fronds are larger than fertile ones OSTRYA mats of clover-like, 3-lobed leaves. Delicate
illus. p.485. at center of plant. Z2–10 H9–1. stems bear cup-shaped, white flowers, 1⁄2in
O. regalis, illus. p.443. CORYLACEAE/BETULACEAE (1cm) across, with 5 purple-veined petals.
OSMANTHUS Prefers partial shade. Z3–8 H8–1. var.
OSTEOMELES Genus of deciduous trees, grown for their purpurascens. See O. acetosella var.
OLEACEAE foliage, catkins and fruits. Needs sun or subpurpurascens. var. subpurpurascens,
ROSACEAE partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil. syn. O. acetosella var. purpurascens, illus.
Genus of evergreen shrubs and trees, Propagate by seed in fall. p.352.
grown for their foliage and small, Genus of evergreen, summer-flowering O. carpinifolia (European hop O. adenophylla, illus. p.352.
fragrant flowers. O. x burkwoodii and shrubs, grown for their habit, foliage and hornbeam). Deciduous, rounded tree. O. bowiei, syn. O. purpurata var. bowiei.
O. heterophyllus may be used for hedging. flowers. In most areas, plant against a H and S 50ft (15m). Has gray bark and oval, Spring- to summer-flowering, tuberous
Needs sun or partial shade and fertile, well- south- or west-facing wall. Requires sun glossy, dark green leaves that turn yellow perennial. H to 12in (30cm), S 6in (15cm).
drained soil. Restrict growth by cutting back and fertile, well-drained soil. Propagate in fall. Yellow catkins in mid-spring are Has long-stalked, clover-like, 3-lobed
after flowering; trim hedges in mid-summer. by semiripe cuttings in summer. followed by hop-like, greenish-white fruit leaves. Stems each produce loose head of
Propagate by semiripe cuttings in summer. O. schweriniae, illus. p.129. clusters that become turn in fall. Z6–9 H9–6. 3–10 widely funnel-shaped, pinkish-purple
O. armatus. Evergreen, bushy, dense O. virginiana, illus. p.72. flowers, 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) across. Needs
shrub. H and S 12ft (4m). Large, oblong, OSTEOSPERMUM a sheltered, sunny site. Z8–10 H10–8.
dark green leaves are rigid and sharply OTHONNA O. chrysantha. Creeping, fibrous-rooted
toothed. Has tubular, 4-lobed, white COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE perennial. H 11/2–2in (4–5cm), S 6–12in
SYN. OTHONNOPSIS (15–30cm). Forms mats of clover-like,
O flowers in fall, followed by egg-shaped, Genus of evergreen, semiwoody COMPOSITAE/ASTERACEAE 3-lobed leaves. Stems each produce funnel-
dark violet fruits. Z8–9 H9–8. perennials. Does best in warm areas. shaped, bright yellow flower, 3/4–11/4in
O. x burkwoodii, syn. x Osmarea Requires sun and well-drained soil. Genus of evergreen shrubs, grown for their (2–3cm) across, in summer. Requires a
burkwoodii, illus. p.110. Propagate by cuttings of non-flowering daisylike flower heads in summer. Needs sheltered position. Z8–10 H10–8.
O. decorus, syn. Phillyrea decora. shoots in mid-summer. sun and well-drained soil. Propagate by O. deppei. See O. tetraphylla.
Evergreen, upright, rounded, dense shrub. O. barberae of gardens. See O. jucundum. softwood cuttings in early summer. O. depressa, syn. O. inops, illus. p.364.
H 10ft (3m), S 15ft (5m). Has large, oblong, O. ‘Blue Streak’, syn. O. ecklonis ‘Blue O. cheirifolia, illus. p.344. O. enneaphylla. Tuft-forming,
glossy, dark green leaves. Bears tubular, Streak’. Evergreen, upright perennial. rhizomatous perennial. H 2–3in (5–7cm),
4-lobed, white flowers in mid-spring, H and S 18in (45cm). In summer–fall, Othonnopsis. See Othonna. S 3–4in (8–10cm). Gray-green leaves are
followed by egg-shaped, blackish-purple daisylike flower heads, with dark slate-blue divided into narrowly oblong to oval
fruits. Z6–9 H9–6. centers and white ray florets, blue on OURISIA leaflets. In summer, stems bear widely
O. delavayi, syn. Siphonosmanthus reverse, are borne above lance-shaped, funnel-shaped, lilac-pink or white flowers,
delavayi, illus. p.110. gray-green leaves. Z10–11 H6–1. SCROPHULARIACEAE/PLANTAGINACEAE 11/4–11/2in (3–4cm) wide. Z5–9 H9–5.
O. forrestii. See O. yunnanensis. O. ‘Buttermilk’, illus. p.319. O. hedysaroides. Semievergreen, bushy
O. fragrans (Fragrant olive, Sweet olive). O. ‘Cannington Roy’. Evergreen, clump- Genus of evergreen perennials with subshrub. H 3ft (1m), S 1–11/2ft (30–45cm).
Evergreen, upright shrub or tree. H and forming, prostrate perennial. H 12in (30cm), creeping rootstocks. Is suitable for peat Stems have clover-like, green leaves with
S 20ft (6m). Very fragrant, tubular, 4-lobed, S 18in (45cm). Large, daisylike, pink flower beds and walls. Needs partial shade and 3 elliptical leaflets, the central leaflet on a
white flowers are borne amid oblong, heads, with darker eyes, are borne moist, peaty soil. Propagate by division stalk. Leaf axils bear clusters of widely
glossy, dark green leaves, from early to late profusely in summer–fall. Leaves are linear or seed in spring. funnel-shaped, yellow flowers, 3/4–11/4in
summer, followed by ovoid, blue-black and gray. Z10–11 H6–1. O. caespitosa, illus. p.360. (2–3cm) across, in spring–summer. Z9–10
fruits. Is suitable only for a very mild area. O. Cape Daisy Series NASINGA PURPLE O. coccinea, illus. p.269. H10–9.
Z8–11 H12–8. f. aurantiacus has orange (‘Aksullo’), illus. p.311. O. ‘Loch Ewe’. Vigorous, evergreen, O. hirta. Late summer-flowering, tuberous
flowers. Z7–10 H10–7. O. ecklonis. Evergreen, upright or rosetted perennial. H and S 12in (30cm). perennial. H 12in (30cm), S 4–6in (10–15cm).
O. heterophyllus (False holly). somewhat straggling perennial. H and Prostrate stems have heart-shaped, Stem produces scattered leaves, with 3
‘Aureomarginatus’, illus. p.119. S 18in (45cm). In summer–fall, daisylike, leathery, mid-green leaves. Produces dense narrowly lance-shaped leaflets. Leaf axils
‘Gulftide’ is an evergreen, bushy, dense white flower heads, with dark blue centers, spikes of outward-facing, tubular, salmon- each produce solitary, widely funnel-
shrub. H 8ft (2.5m), S 10ft (3m). Holly- are borne singly above lance-shaped, gray- pink flowers in late spring and early shaped, rose-purple flower, 3/4–11/4in
shaped, sharply toothed, glossy, dark green leaves. Z10–11 H6–1. ‘Blue Streak’. summer. Z7–8 H8–7. (2–3cm) wide, with yellow center. Z9–10
green leaves set off tubular, 4-lobed, white See O. ‘Blue Streak’. O. macrocarpa. Vigorous, evergreen, H10–9.
flowers in fall. O. jucundum, syn. O. barberae, prostrate perennial. H 24in (60cm), S 8in O. inops. See O. depressa.
O. yunnanensis, syn. O. forrestii. Dimorphotheca barberae, illus. p.265. (20cm). Has rosettes of heart-shaped, O. ‘Ione Hecker’. Tuft-forming,
Evergreen, treelike, upright, then O. ‘Nairobi Purple’. Evergreen, semi- leathery, dark green leaves. Produces rhizomatous perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 2–3in
spreading shrub. H and S 30ft (10m). Has prostrate perennial. H 12in (30cm), spikes of open cup-shaped, yellow- (5–8cm). Gray leaves are divided into
large, oblong, glossy, bright green leaves, S 12–18in (30–45cm). Bears daisylike, velvety, centered, white flowers in late spring. narrowly oblong, wavy leaflets. In summer
bronze when young. Produces tubular, deep purple-red flower heads, with darker Z7–9 H9–7. bears funnel-shaped, pale purple-blue
4-lobed, creamy-white flowers in clusters streaks on outside of ray petals, in summer. O. magellanica. See O. ruellioides. flowers, 11/2in (4cm) across, with darker
in late winter or early spring. Z8–9 H9–8. Has fresh green, lance-shaped leaves. Will O. microphylla, illus. p.362. veins. Z8–9 H9–8.
not flower freely in rich soils. Z10–11 H6–1. O. ruellioides, syn. O. magellanica. O. laciniata. Tuft-forming, rhizomatous
648 x Osmarea burkwoodii. See O. Sunny Series ‘Sunny Marina’, Evergreen, straggling perennial. H 11/2in perennial. H 2in (5cm), S 2–3in (5–8cm).
Osmanthus Osmanthus x burkwoodii. illus. p.301. (4cm), S to 6in (15cm). In summer produces Has blue-gray leaves divided into narrowly
Osmaronia. See Oemleria. O. ‘Whirlygig’, illus. p.298. tubular, scarlet flowers above broadly
heart-shaped leaves. Z7–9 H9–7.