Alternaria Nees 1816-17
Details
Nomenclature
Classification
Subordinates
- Alternaria abundans
- Alternaria allii
- Alternaria alstroemeriae
- Alternaria alternantherae
- Alternaria alternata
- Alternaria anagallidis
- Alternaria arborescens
- Alternaria argyranthemi
- Alternaria armoraciae
- Alternaria ascaloniae
- Alternaria atra
- Alternaria axiaeriisporifera
- Alternaria beticola
- Alternaria botryospora
- Alternaria botrytis
- Alternaria brassicae
- Alternaria brassicicola
- Alternaria calendulae
- Alternaria carotiincultae
- Alternaria cassiae
- Alternaria cerealis
- Alternaria chartarum
- Alternaria cheiranthi
- Alternaria chlamydospora
- Alternaria cichorii
- Alternaria cinerariae
- Alternaria citri
- Alternaria conjuncta
- Alternaria consortialis
- Alternaria crassa
- Alternaria cucumericola
- Alternaria cucumerina
- Alternaria cucumerina
- Alternaria cucurbitae
- Alternaria cyphomandrae
- Alternaria dactylidicola
- Alternaria dauci
- Alternaria dennisii
- Alternaria dianthi
- Alternaria dianthicola
- Alternaria dichondrae
- Alternaria echinaceae
- Alternaria ellipsoidea
- Alternaria embellisia
- Alternaria eryngii
- Alternaria forlicesenensis
- Alternaria frumenti
- Alternaria gaisen
- Alternaria gaurae
- Alternaria geniostomatis
- Alternaria glyceriae
- Alternaria helianthi
- Alternaria herbiculinae
- Alternaria hibiscinficiens
- Alternaria hordeiseminis
- Alternaria infectoria
- Alternaria iridiaustralis
- Alternaria japonica
- Alternaria kordkuyana
- Alternaria lancipes
- Alternaria leptinellae
- Alternaria linariae
- Alternaria linicola
- Alternaria lolii
- Alternaria longipes
- Alternaria longissima
- Alternaria macrospora
- Alternaria malorum
- Alternaria matthiolae
- Alternaria merytae
- Alternaria metachromatica
- Alternaria mouchaccae
- Alternaria multiformis
- Alternaria nobilis
- Alternaria novae-guineensis
- Alternaria novae-zelandiae
- Alternaria obovoidea
- Alternaria obtecta
- Alternaria oudemansii
- Alternaria padwickii
- Alternaria panax
- Alternaria passiflorae
- Alternaria penicillata
- Alternaria peponicola
- Alternaria petroselini
- Alternaria petroselini
- Alternaria pluriseptata
- Alternaria pluriseptata
- Alternaria poaceicola
- Alternaria porri
- Alternaria protenta
- Alternaria pseudorostrata
- Alternaria radicina
- Alternaria raphani
- Alternaria ricini
- Alternaria rosae
- Alternaria rosifolii
- Alternaria rostellata
- Alternaria scirpicola
- Alternaria scorzonerae
- Alternaria scrophulariae
- Alternaria selini
- Alternaria senecionicola
- Alternaria senecionis
- Alternaria solani
- Alternaria solani-nigri
- Alternaria somniferi
- Alternaria sonchi
- Alternaria sorghi
- Alternaria sp.
- Alternaria sp. (tangelo brown spot)
- Alternaria stachytarpheticola
- Alternaria tenuis
- Alternaria tenuissima
- Alternaria terricola
- Alternaria thunbergiae
- Alternaria tillandsiae
- Alternaria tomatophila
- Alternaria triticicola
- Alternaria vanuatuensis
- Alternaria viciae-fabae
- Alternaria zinniae
Synonyms
- Brachycladium Corda 1838
- Crivellia Shoemaker & Inderbitzin 2006
- Curvularia tritici S.M. Kumar & Nema 1969
- Embellisia E.G. Simmons 1971
- Lewia M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons 1986
- Macrosporium Fr. 1832
- Nimbya E.G. Simmons 1989
- Prathoda Subram. 1956
- Pseudoalternaria D. P. Lawrence, Ph. B. Gannibal, F. M. Dugan, and B. M. Pryor 2014
- Teretispora E.G. Simmons 2007
- Ulocladium Preuss 1851
Associations
Descriptions
Alternaria Nees 1816-17
Alternaria Nees 1816-17
Alternaria Nees 1816-17
According to Hong et al. (2005), the major allergen Alt a 1 facilitates identification to the species level, but later studies showed that it is not sufficient within some sections like the small-spored section Alternaria (Dettman & Eggertson, 2021; Hong et al., 2005; Woudenberg et al., 2015). When using molecular barcode markers, a combination of several loci is necessary. The most commonly used markers are ITS, GAPDH, RPB2, TEF1 and Alt a 1 (e.g., Kokaeva et al., 2022; Woudenberg et al., 2014), and most studies with a multilocus phylogeny employ these five or subset of them, with or without additional, less common loci like endoPG, histone H3, calmodulin and OPA 10–2 (e.g., Adhikari et al., 2020; Bessadat et al., 2021; Ding et al., 2019; Landschoot, Vandecasteele, Carrette, et al., 2017; Woudenberg et al., 2015). Recently, Dettman et al. developed (Dettman & Eggertson, 2021, 2022) and tested (Dettman et al., 2023) new markers to achieve better identification of small-spored Alternaria.
Nishikawa and Nakashima claim that morphological and molecular phylogenetic data should be complemented by experimental host ranges to achieve an integrated species recognition (Nishikawa & Nakashima, 2020). Genes for host-specific toxins are subject to horizontal gene transfer and some A. alternata pathotypes spontaneously lose their pathogenicity as a consequence of losing their capability to produce the host-specific toxin, so pathotype should not be employed as a character in the taxonomy of small-spored Alternaria (Andrew et al., 2009; Pinto & Patriarca, 2017). Chemotaxonomy, using secondary metabolite profiling for species identification, showed promising results for some species groups like A. infectoria (Andersen et al., 2008; Andersen & Thrane, 1996; Kelman et al., 2020; Zwickel et al., 2018) but not for all sections of Alternaria (Andersen et al., 2015; Zwickel et al., 2018). Secondary metabolite profiles can be combined with morphological and molecular analyses for polyphasic taxonomy (Pinto & Patriarca, 2017). The study by Woudenberg et al. (2015) is also an example for the combination of methodological approaches, as it employed a multilocus phylogeny, whole genome data and transcriptomics (Woudenberg et al., 2015).