DEMATIACEOUS HYPHOMYCETES. VI

Transcription

1 Issued 29 December 1965 Mycological Papers, No. 103 DEMATIACEOUS HYPHOMYCETES. VI By M. B. ELLIS Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew CONTENTS PAGE Arthrinium 2 A. spegazzinii Subramanian 3 A. puccinioides (DC. ex Merat) Kunze 4 A. euphorbiae spec, nov 6 A. saccharicola Stevenson A. phaeospermum (Corda) comb. nov A. sacchari (Speg.) comb. nov. 11 A. state of Apiospora montagnei Sacc A. sphaerospermum Fuckel. 15 A. urticae spec. nov A. cuspidatum (Cooke & Harkness) Hohnel A. luzulae spec. nov A. curvatum Kunze var. minus M. B. Ellis.20 A. state of Pseudoguignardia scirpi Gutner A. morthieri Fuckel.23 A. caricicola Kunze ex Ficinus & Schubert A. sporophleum Kunze.26 A. lobatum M. B. Ellis 28 A. ushuvaiense Speg Cordelia.30 C. coniosporioides Speg. 30 C. johnstonii spec, nov...31 Acrodicrys A. appendiculata spec, nov.33 A. globulosa (T6th) comb. nov.. 34 Annellophora A. borneoensis spec. nov A. dendrographii spec, nov Bactrodesmium B. microleucurum (Speg.) comb. nov. 37 Conoplea C. elegantula (Cooke) comb. nov Pithomyces P. cynodontis spec. nov P. pulvinatus (Cooke & Massee) comb, nov.41 Spadicoides S. afzeliae spec, nov 42 Sporidesmium S. bambusae spec, nov 43 S. pseudoseptatum spec. nov S. macrotrichum (Corda) Hughes

2 FOR kindly making available to me their own collections and those in their keeping I wish to thank Professors J. C. Lindquist and E. Muller; Drs. C. E. B. Bonner, R. W. G. Dennis, A. Pilat, C. T. Rogerson, C. Schmitt, and S. Toth. Especially interesting collections have been made by A. Angus, W. G. Bramley, E. A. Ellis, Prof. C. J. Hickman, A. Johnston, P. W. Sellar, and Dr. S. A. J. Tarr. Herb. IMI identification numbers are given in round brackets. ARTHRINIUM Arthrinium Kunze ex Fries, 1821 Camptoum Link, 1824 Goniosporium Link, 1824 Sporophleum Nees ex Link, 1824 Papularia Fries, 1825 Gonatosporium Corda, 1839 Microtypha Spegazzini, 1910 Tureenia Hall, 1915 Pseudobasidium Tengwall, 1924 Phaeoharziella Loubiere, 1924 lnnatospora van Beyma, 1929 Rdcemosporium Mme., & F. Moreau, 1941 GENERIC DESCRIPTION Colonies compact or widely effused, usually black or dark blackish brown; fructifications occasionally erumpent but usually superficial and often pulvinate. Mycelium partly superficial and partly immersed in the substratum, often with connecting hyphae which become very narrow where they pass through the host cuticle. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical, ampulliform, barrelshaped or broadly clavate, arising from cells of a superficial or erumpent mycelial mat. Conidiophores arising singly from conidiophore mother cells, simple, often narrow, more or less cylindrical, usually colourless except for the thick transverse septa which may be highly refractive and are often brown or dark brown; growth in length takes place only at the base. Conidia lateral and sometimes also terminal, usually formed on very short pegs, 1-celled, distinctively shaped, often flattened and with a hyaline rim or germ slit, brown or dark brown, smooth in most species. Sterile cells when present terminal or subterminal in place of conidia, usually smaller, paler and not the same shape as conidia, often containing one or more highly refractive cubical bodies. Setae none. Type species: Arthrinium caricicola Kunze ex Ficihus & Schubert.

3 KEY Conidia truncate at base, often verruculose spegazzinii (1) Conidia not truncate at base, always smooth Conidia round, almost round or polygonal in face view Conidia not round or regularly polygonal in face view Conidia nearly all polygonal in face view puccinioides (2) Conidia nearly all round or almost round in face view Conidia lenticular Conidia not lenticular Diameter of conidia in face view usually 9-10(i... '"' Diameter of conidia in face view usually 6-8(i.., ;..,. 6 Diameter of conidia in face view 4-5 5u.... euphorbiae (3) 5. Conidiophores 2-4(i thick saccharicola (4) Conidiophores l-l/5(i thick phaeospermum (5) 6. Conidiophores u. thick, septa numerous, brown.... sacchari (6) Conidiophores 0-5u, thick, septa few, hyaline... Apiospora montagnei (7) 7. Conidia 7-9(* diam. in face view sphaerospermum (8) Conidia 5-6u. diam. in face view urticae (9) 8. Conidia curved.. ; Conidia not curved Conidia with 2 ends tapered to form horns 10 Conidia without horns Horns curved outwards cuspidatum (10) Horns curved inwards... luzulae (11) 11. Conidia 8-11 x 5-6(i. curvatum var. minus (12) Conidia 11-15x6-8(1 Pseudoguignardia scirpi (13) 12. Conidia oblong or irregular in outline morthieri (14) Conidia limoniform, fusiform, navicular, oval or elliptical Conidia over 35u. long caricicola (15) Conidia under 16u, long. sporophleum (16) Conidia 17-25(i long Conidia oval or elliptical 12-14(i broad lobatum (17) Conidia limoniform, fusiform or navicular 6-9(i broad.. ushuvaiense (18) (1) Arthrinium spegazzinii Subramanian, 1956, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Sect. B, 44, p Microtypha saccharicola Spegazzini, 1910, An. Mas. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires, 20, p. 432 (non Arthrinium saccharicola Stevenson). Colonies at first compact, round, pulvinate, becoming confluent, black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, pale to mid olivaceous brown, smooth-walled, l-5-5-5p thick hyphae; immersed hyphae subhyaline to rather pale olivaceous brown, l-4p thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to barrel-shaped, 4-5 x 4-5 p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, straight or fiexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown to dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, p long, 3-4-5p thick, Conidia clavate, oval or elliptical, truncate at the base, golden brown, smooth or verruculose, 5-8 (6-5) X 3-6 (4T)p. Sterile cells none. On sugar cane {Saccharum officinarum), Jujuy, Ledesma, Argentina, ii.1905, C. Spegazzini, 15883, type in Herb. LPS.

4 Fio. 1. Arthrinium spegazzinii (x 650 except where indicated by the scale). (2) Arthrinium puccinioides (DC. ex Merat) Kunze, 1823, in Kunze & Schmidt's Mykologische Hefte, 2, p. 103; Fries, 1832, Systema Mycol., 3, p Conoplea puccinioides De Candolle, 1805, Flore Francaise, Ed. 3, Tome 2, p. 73, ex Merat, Nouvelle Flore des environs de Paris, 1821, p. 16. Goniosporium puccinioides (DC.) Link, 1824, in Linne Species Plantarum, ed. 4 (Willdenow's), 6, 1, p. 45. Gonatosporium puccinioides (DC.) Corda, 1839, Icones Fung., 3, p. 8. Goniosporium punctiforme Spegazzini, 1887, BolnAcad. 11, p nac. Cienc, Cordoba, Colonies compact, pulvinate, usually round, occasionally oval, p in diameter, dark blackish brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, colourless to brown, smooth-walled, 3-6p thick hyphae; immersed hyphae colourless to pale brown, l-6p thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical, lageniform or barrel-shaped, 4-5 x p. Conidiophores

5 erect or ascending, simple, straight or flexuous, cyundrical, colourless except for the thick brown or dark brown transverse septa, smooth-walled, u long, 2-4 p thick. Conidia brown, often with concentric pale and darker rings

6 when examined by transmitted light, smooth-walled, polygonal and 9-14 (ll-6)u diam. in face view, hemispherical to triangular and 7-9 u thick in side view. Sterile cells spherical, triangular or polygonal, pale, 6-9 u diam. On Carex acuta, C. acutiformis, C. appropinquata, C. elata, C.flacca, C. hirta, C. riparia, C. rostrata, Deschampsta caespitosa, Eleocharis palustris and Scirpus tabernaemontani; specimens seen from Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Tierra del Fuego. SPECIMENS EXAMINED Gonatosporium puccinioides folder in Herb, K. On Carex acuta, Bayreuth, Bavaria, v. 1875, Thiimen's Mycotheca universalis, 478 [as Goniosporium]. On C. hirta, Noidan, Cote d'or, France, vi.1879, F. Fautrey, C. Roumeguere's Fungi selecti, 5032 [as Goniosporium]; Dresden, Germany, , Rabenhorst's Fungi europaei, 1760 [as Arthrinium]. On C. rostrata, Siegen, Haimhen, vi.1924, A. Ludwig's Flora von Westfalen [as Goniosporium]. On C. sp., M. A. Libert's PI. crypt. Arduennae, Fasc. 3, 283 [as Goniosporium]. On Deschampsia caespitosa, Ryde, Herb. Berk Goniosporium punctiforme folder in Herb. LPS. On Carex, Tierra del Fuego, Shammacus, v. 1882, C. Spegazzini, Arthrinium puccinioides folder in Herb. IMI. 42 British collections made in Norfolk, Suffolk, Surrey, Warwicks. on species of Carex including C. acutiformis, C. appropinquata, C. elata, C. flacca, C. riparia, Eleocharis palustris, and Scirpus tabernaemontani (395, 1584b, 15385d, 15462, 15536a, 15601, 17326a, 17672a, 17862, 17992, , 20966, 23212a, 27758, 27786, 28565, 28568, 29359, 34219, 34278, 34519, 34853a, 34890, 34897, 34956, 35242, 35712, 42026). (3) Arthrinium euphorbiae M. B. Ellis spec. nov. Coloniae effusae, fuscae. Mycelium partim superficiale et partim in substrato immersum. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis et anastomosantibus, septatis, olivaceo-brunneis, levibus, 2-5-5p crassis compositum. Mycelium immersum ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, subhyalinis vel pallide olivaceo-brunneis, levibus, 1-3 p crassis compositum. Conidiophora ex cellis clavatis, subsphaericis vel doliiformibus, 4-5 X 3-5-5p oriunda, erecta vel ascendentia, simplicia, flexuosa, cylindrica, incolorata, levia, p longa, p crassa, septis numerosis, transversalibus, brunneis praedita. Conidia lenticularia, brunnea vel oiivaceo-brunnea, levia, (4-7) X 3-4 (3-2)p. Cellae steriles acropleurogenae, hemisphaericae, 4-5 X 2-3 p. Habitat in caulibus emortuis Euphorbiae, Mkusbi River Hotel, Zambia, 8. iv.1964, A. Angus, IMI typus. Colonies effused, dark blackish brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of branched and anastomosing, septate, olivaceous brown, smooth-walled, 2-5-5p thick hyphae; immersed hyphae subhyaline to pale olivaceous brown, 1-3 u thick. Conidiophore mother cells clavate, subspherical or barrel-shaped, X p.

7 10/1 FIG. 3. Arthrinium euphorbiae (x 650 except where indicated by the scale). Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, flexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the numerous brown transverse septa, smooth-walled, 15-1 lop long, p thick. Conidia lenticular, brown or olivaceous brown, smooth-walled, (4-7)p diam. in face view, 3-4 (3-2)p thick. Sterile cells, when present, hemispherical 4-5 X 2-3 p. On dead stems of Euphorbia, Zambia. (4) Arthrinium saccharicola Stevenson, 1917, apud Johnston & Stevenson, /. Dep. Agric. P. Rico, 1, p Colonies effused, dark blackish brown to black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, subhyaline to brown, smooth-walled, 2-5p thick hyphae; immersed hyphae subhyaline to. pale brown, 2-4p thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to flask-shaped, 5-7 X 4-5-6p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown or dark brown; transverse septa, smooth-walled, p long, 2-4p thick. Conidia lenticular, brown or dark brown, with a hyaline or pale band at the junction of the two sides, 7-10 (9)p dianu in face view, 4-6 (5-1) p thick. Sterile cells none. On sugar-cane debris; only one specimen seen from Venezuela, collected by R. W. G. Dennis at Merida, vi.1958 (74759c).

8 Fig. 4. Arthrinium saccharicola (x 650 except where indicated by the scale). (5) Arthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M. B. Ellis comb. nov. Gymnosporium phaeospermum Corda, 1837, Icones Fung., 1, p. 1. Coniosporium phaeospermum (Corda) Sacc, 1881, Michelia, 2, p Stilbospora sphaerosperma Persoon, 1795, Usteri's neue Ann. Bot., 15, p. 31, [non Arthrinium sphaerospermum Fuckel]. Melanconium sphaerospermum (Pers.) Link, 1825, in Linne Species Plantarum, ed. 4 (Willdenow's), 6, 2, p. 91. Papularia sphaerosperma (Pers.) Hohnel, 1916, Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 125, p Coniosporium inquinans Durieu & Montagne, 1849, Flore d'algerie, Crytogamie, p. 327.

9 Epicoccum simplex Berkeley & Curtis, 1875, apud Berk, in Grevlllea, 3, No. 27, p Coniosporium argentinense Spegazzini, 1910, An. Mus. nac. Hist. nat. B. Aires, 20, p Pseudobasidium bicolor Tengwall, 1924, Meded. phytopath. Lab. Willie Commelin Scholten, 6, p. 38. Botryoconis sanguinea Tubaki, 1952, apud Kominami, Kobayasi, & Tubaki, Nagaoa, I, p. 7. Colonies variable in structure. On leaves of Carex, Glyceria, Phragmites, etc., they are superficial, compact, pulvinate, round to oval, u diam., black. On most culms fructification commences beneath the epidermis which FIG. 5. Arthrinium phaeospermum (x 650 except where indicated by the scale)

10 splits longitudinally to expose the shiny black spore masses, at first 2-3 mm. long and 0-5mm. wide, later expanding up to 5 x 1mm.; colonies become even more widely effused by the production of large numbers of superficial mycelial mats on which fresh conidiophores arise. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, colourless to pale brown, smooth-walled, 2-6p thick hyphae; immersed hyphae colourless, smooth or verruculose, l-4p thick. Conidiophore mother cells lageniform, 5-10 X 3-5u. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, flexuous, cylindrical, colourless, smooth-walled, with colourless and highly refractive or pale brown transverse septa, 5-65 p long, u thick. Conidia lenticular, rather dark golden brown with a hyaline band at the junction of the two sides, 8-12 (9-9)p diam. in face view, 5-7 (5-9)p thick. Sterile cells none. Sub Common on reeds and many other substrata throughout the world. strata and countries are listed below under specimens examined. SPECIMENS EXAMINED Coniosporium argentinense folder in Herb. LPS. On Anona cherimolia, Tucuman, 16.iv.1906, C. Spegazzini, 12915, type of C. argentinense. Coniosporium inquinans folder in Herb. K. On Arundo mauritanica, Algiers, authenticated for the name C. inquinans. Epicoccum simplex folder in Herb. K. On Arundinaria sp., South Carolina, Curtis, 1378, type of E. simplex. Culture from C.B.S. Isolated from Hedera helix, Holland, G. Kruseman as Pseudobasidium bicolor. Arthrinium phaeospermum folder in Herb. IMI. Published exsiccata. On Bambusa, Lichtenstein, xii.1907, H. Zimmerman, F. Petrak's Flora Bohemiae et Mora viae, Ser. 2, 515, as Coniosporium shiraianum (16465); Philippines, xi.1912, P. W. Graff, Sydow's Fungi exotici, 988 as C. bambusae (1294). On Elymus arenarius, Hamburg, ix.1920, A. Ludwig, Sydow's Mycotheca germanica, 1743 (16443). On Phragmites communis, as Coniosporium arundinis: Leipzig, Germany, autumn 1892, Rabenhorst- Winter-Pazschke, Fungi europaei 3996 (16463); Columbus, U.S.A., viii. 1902, W. A. Kellerman's Ohio Fungi, 101 (16461); Brandenburg, x.1909, Sydow's Mycotheca germanica, 944 (7288). On Phyllostachys bambusoides, Japan, vi.1912, Sydow's Fungi exotici, 98, as C. punctiforme (7296). Isolated from soil, Tiba prefecture, Japan, 1951, K. Tubaki, type of Botryoconis sanguinea (51577). One hundred and thirty five collections on Agropyron repens, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius var. tuberosum, Arundinaria spp., Bambusa species including B. arundinaria, B. bambos, B. vulgaris, Brassica campestris, Calamagrostis canescens, Carex acutiformis, C. riparia, Citrus sp., Cladium mariscus, Cortaderia selloana, Glyceria maxima, Gynerium argenteum, Justicia gendarussa, Magnolia grandiflora, Musa paradisiaca, Nicotiana tabacum, Panicum antidotale, P. maximum, Phragmites communis, Picea sitchensis, Pinus sylvestris, Pteris aquilinum, Rauwolfia serpentina, Sorghum vulgare, Trifolium sp., Valeriana officinalis, Zea mays, soil, and wood of cooling towers, from Canada, Channel Islands (Guernsey and Sark), Cyprus, England (Berks., Cambs., Cornwall, Isles of Scilly, Kent, Mddx., Norfolk, Suffolk, Surrey, Yorks.), India, Kenya, Malawi, Netherlands, Pakistan, Portugal, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Sweden, Wales, and Zambia (7262-3, 7267, , 7289, 7291, 10545, 10987, 15359, , 15413a, 15540b, 16460, 17321a, 17324, 17352, 19619, 19620, 19827, 21077f, 21149i, 21389,28471a, 28540,29213, ,31257b, 31258a, 31486,31521, , 31553, 31578, 31613, 31680, 32026, 32201, 32392a , 34231, 34518, 34623, 37104, 37535a, 37890, 37892, 43538, 45236, 48544, 49549, 51534, 52639, 56361, 60232, 61462, 63305a, 63333, 63561, 63775, 68321, 68514, 79811, 84403, 85052, 85210, 85399, 85405, 85837, 89497, 90103, 91100, 91289, 91678, 92582, 92952b, 92954, 92998b, 93027, 95168b, 95185k, 95385a, 95770, , c, , , , ).

11 (6) Arthrinium sacchari (Speg.) M. B. Ellis comb. nov. Coniosporium sacchari Spegazzini, 1896, Revta Fac. Agron. Univ. nac. La Plata, 2, p Colonies compact, pulvinate, round, oval or linear, or sometimes effused, dark blackish brown to black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and

12 anastomosing, septate, subhyaline to rather pale ouvaceous brown, smoothwalled, 2-5 p thick hyphae; immersed hyphae pale brown to brown, 1-7P thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to clavate, 3-6 X p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, fiexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, P long, p thick. Conidia lenticular, dark brown, with a hyaline of pale band at the junction of the two sides, 6-8 (7-0)p; in diameter in face view, 3-4 (3-8)p thick. Sterile cells sometimes present, flattened, round or nearly round in face view. Common on grasses, especially sugarcane, and occasionally found on other plants, mainly in the tropics; specimens have been seen from Argentina, Ghana, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Wales, and Zambia. SPECIMENS EXAMINED Coniosporium sacchari folder in Herb. LPS. On Saccharum officinarum, Tucuman, Argentina, iv.1894, C. Spegazzini, 12925, type. Arthrinium sacchari folder in Herb. IMI. On leaves, stems and roots of Ananas comosus, Andropogon sorghum, Aristida sp., Beckeropsis uniseta, Borassus aethiopum, Chloris gayana, Hyparrhenia filipendula, H. variabilis, Ipomoea batatas, Musa sp., Polygonum baldschuanicum, Saccharum munja, S. officinarum, S. spontaneum, in Ghana, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Wales, and Zambia (6452, 37872f, 37924e, 37969b, 46783b, 81081, 83218, 90072a, 91102b, 91562, 93882a, 93883a, , 95104b, 95126a, 95141a, 95370a, 96626a, 98841, 98842, 99397a). (7) Arthrinium state of Apiospora montagnei Saccardo, 1875, Nuovo G. bot. ital, 7, p [See H. J. Hudson, 1963, in Trans. Brit, mycol. Soc, 46, pp ] Gymnosporium arundinis Corda, 1838, Icones Fung., 2, p. 1. Papularia arundinis (Corda) Fries, 1849, Summa Veg. Scand., 2, p Coniosporium arundinis (Corda) Sacc, 1880, Michelia, 2, p Torula sambuci Fuckel, 1873, Symb. mycol., Nachtr., 2, p. 77. Gymnosporium circumscissum Berkeley & Broome, 1873, J. Linn. Soc, 14, p. 90. Coniosporium circumscissum (Berk. & Br.) Saccardo, 1886, Sylloge Fung., 4, p Melanconium circumscissum (Berk. & Br.) Grove, 1918, Kew Bull., 1918, p Torula donacina Thiimen, 1877, Mycotheca universalis, 887. Gymnosporium bambusae Thiimen, 1877, Mycotheca universalis, 885. Coniosporium bambusae (Thiim.) Saccardo, 1880, Michelia, 2, p Gymnosporium gramineum Ellis & Everhart, 1885, J. Mycol., 1, p. 44. Trichosporium inflatum El Marchal, 1896, Bull. Soc. r. Bot. Belg., 34 (1), p Epicoccum theobromae Petch, 1925, Ann. R. bot. Gdns. Peradeniya, 9 (3), p Periconia lanata Gilman & Abbott, 1927, Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci., 1 (3), p Innatospora rosea van Beyma, 1929, Verh. K. Akad. Wet., Sect. 2, 26, 4, p. 5.

13 Colonies when young compact and round but soon becoming widely effused, often encircling culms and spreading along them for up to 10cm. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, colourless to pale brown, smooth-walled, l-4p thick hyphae; immersed hyphae colourless, smoothwalled, n thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to oval or barrel- FIG. 7. Arthrinium state of Apiospora montagnei (x 650 except where indicated by the scale).

14 shaped, 5-7 x 3-5 p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, flexuous, threadlike, colourless, smooth-walled, with a few highly refractive transverse septa, 4-50 p long, 0-5p thick. Conidia lenticular, rather pale brown with a hyaline band at the junction of the two sides, (6-5)p diam. in face view, (3-8)u thick. Sterile cells none. Common on bamboos and many other substrata throughout the world. Substrata and countries are listed below under specimens examined. SPECIMENS EXAMINED Coniosporium bambusae folder in Herb. K. On Bambusa arundinacea, Istria, Gorz, viii.1876, G. Bolle, Thumen's Mycotheca universalis, 885, type of Gymnosporium bambusae. Coniosporium circumscissum folder in Herb. K. On bamboo, Peradeniya, Ceylon, i.1869, Herb. Berk. 1879, 1050, type of circumscissum. Gymnosporium Coniosporium gramineum folder in Herb. N. Y. On Arundinaria, Low County, S. Carol., vi.1884, H. W. Ravenel, 4073, type of Gymnosporium gramineum. Gymnosporium arundinis folder in Herb. PR. Gymnosporium arundinis [scripsit Corda] Mus. Nat. Praha , presumed type. Epicoccum theobromae folder in Herb. K. On Theobroma cacao, Peradeniya, Ceylon, ix.1922, T. Petch, , type of E. theobromae. Torula donacina folder in Herb. K. On Arundo donax, Athens, 1877, de Heldreich, Thumen's Mycotheca universalis, 887, type of T. donacina. Torula sambuci folder in Herb. K. On Sambucus racemosa, Mappen, spring, Fuckel's Fungi rhenani, 2585, type of T. sambuci. Culture from American Type Culture Collection Soil, Iowa, U.S.A., A.C.T.C., 1766, type of Periconia lanata. Cultures from C.B.S. Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, Java, type of Innatospora rosea van Beyma (15356). Isolated from dung, Holland as Trichosporium inflatum (15354). Apiospora montagnei folder in Herb. IMI. Published exsiccata: On Bambusa blumeana, Manila, Philippines, xii.1912, E. D. Merrill, Sydow's Fungi exotici, 539, as Coniosporium circumscissum (7295). On Bambusa, Brandenburg, Sydow's Mycotheca germanica, 1197, as C. bambusae (16464). Ninety fresh collections on Agropyron junceum, Ammophila arenaria, Arundinaria spp., Bambusa vulgaris and other spp., Carex acutiformis, C. riparia, Cucumis melo, Cupressus sp., Cyperus longus, Dactylis glomerata, Elaeis guineensis, Elymus arenarius, Hlppocratea sp., Hyparrhenia filipendula, Lactuca sativa, Musa sp., Nectandra rodiaei, Nicotiana tabacum, Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites communis, Pisum sativum, Saccharum officinarum, Sambucus nigra, Solanum tuberosum, Sorindeia juglandifolia, Themeda anathera, Theobroma cacao, Triticum sp., Urtica dioica, Zea mays, cat's skin, hay and soil, from Canada, Channel Islands (Guernsey and Herm), England (Berks., Bucks., Cambs., Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Middx., Norfolk, Surrey, Yorks.), Germany, Ghana, Jamaica, Japan, Malawi, Malaya, New Zealand, Pakistan, Papua, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, U.S.A., Wales, and Zambia (6611, , , 8108, 8242, , , 15364, 15981, 19790, 27370, 29360a, 29370b, 29425b, , 31233, 31257a, 31258b, 31530a, 31614, 31617, , 31679, 32024, 32190, 34622, 34625, 41046, 41185, 41417, 43507a, 43508a, 44045c, 44082b, 46307, 47977, 49844, 51274, 55855a, 56453g, 56893, 57379b, 57795, 58081, 58085, 61800, 62671, , 73025, 73757a, 75100, 76091, 78290, 79812, 79870, 81764, 83220, 84079a, 87178, , 95104a, 95106g, 95141b, 96219, , , , b).

15 (8) Arthrinium sphaerospermum Fuckel, 1873, Symb. mycol, Nachtr., 2, p. 79. Goniosporium sphaerospermum (Fuckel) Saccardo, 1886, Sylloge Fung., 4, p Colonies compact, round or oval, pulvinate, up to 500 p long, dark blackish brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, FIG. 8. Arthrinium sphaerospermum. pale to mid brown, smooth-walled, 2-8 p thick hyphae, often in two or sometimes more layers; immersed hyphae pale to mid brown, 1-7p thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical or flask-shaped, 5-9 X 4-7 p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, straight or fiexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown to dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, 10-80p

16 long, 2-3 u thick. Conidia spherical or subspherical, mid to mid dark golden brown, smooth-walled, 7-9 (7-9)u diam. Sterile cells none. On dry leaves and leaf sheaths of Phleum pratense, Jura, Switzerland, iv.1872, P. Morthier, type in Herb. G. (9) Arthrinium urticae M. B. Ellis spec. nov. Coloniae pulvinatae, orbiculares, u diam., vel elongatae usque ad 1mm., fuscae vel atrae. Mycelium partim superficiale et partim in substrato immersum ex hyphis ramosis et anastomosantibus, septatis, hyalinis vel olivaceobrunneis, levibus, l-4u crassis compositum. Conidiophora ex cellis subsphaericis vel lageniformibus, 4-5 X 3-5 u oriunda, erecta vel ascendentia, simplicia, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, incolorata, levia, 40-74u longa, l-5-2u crassa, FIG. 9. Arthrinium urticae ( X 650 except where indicated by the scale). septis numerosis, transversalibus, brunneis vel atro-brunneis praedita. Conidia subsphaerica, leviter compressa, pallide brunnea, levia, 4-6 (5-6)u diam., 3-4 (3-6)u crassa. Cellae steriles nullae. Habitat in caulibus Urticae dioicae, Birmingham, England, xi.1946, C. J. Hickman, IMI 8936 typus. 'Colonies pulvinate, round, u diam. or elongated up to 1mm., dark blackish brown to black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the

17 substratum, composed of branched and anastomosing, septate, hyaline to olivaceous brown, smooth-walled, l-4p thick hyphae. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical or flask-shaped, 4-5 X 3-5 p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the brown or dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, 40-74p long, l-5-2p thick. Conidia round or almost round in face view, 5-6 (5-6) p diam., slightly compressed and oval or elliptical in side view, 3-4 (3-6)p thick. Sterile cells none. On nettle stems, England. (10) Arthrinium cuspidatum (Cooke & Harkness) Hohnel, 1925, Mitt. bot. Inst, tech. Hochsch. Wien, 2 (1), p. 15, Camptoum cuspidatum Cooke & Harkness, 1883, apud Cooke, 12, No. 61, p. 33. Arthrinium bicorne Rostrup, 1886, Bot. Tidsskr., 15, p Tureenia juncoidea Hall, 1915, Phytopathology, 5, p. 57. Grevillea, FIG. 10. Arthrinium cuspidatum ( x 650 except where indicated by the scale)

18 Colonies compact, pulvinate, round or irregular in outline, sometimes forming bands half encircling culms or leaves and up to 1-5mm. across, dark blackish brown to black, conspicuous. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum, superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, rather pale brown, smooth-walled, 2-6u thick hyphae; immersed hyphae colourless or very pale brown, l-a\x thick. Conidiophore mother cells barrel-shaped, 5-7 x 4-5-5p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, flexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown or dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, 32-80p long, 3-5 p thick. Conidia curved, with the ends tapered to form outwardly curved, horn-like processes, brown to dark brown, with a hyaline germ slit, smooth-walled, (26) x 7-11 (9-2)p, horns l-2u thick. Sterile cells subspherical and 7-8p diam., hat-shaped or lobed, pale brown. On various species of Juncus including/, ater, J. balticus montanus, Lfiliformis, J. gerardi, J. jacquini and Scirpus; specimens seen from Canada, England, Finland, Russia, Switzerland and U.S.A. SPECIMENS EXAMINED Camptoum cuspidatum folder in Herb. K. On Scirpus, Calif., U.S.A., H. W. Harkness, 2071, co-type; San Francisco, U.S.A., H. W. Harkness, Rabenhorst-Winter's Fungi europaei, 3381; Hermosa, iii.1899, C. F. Baker, F. S. Earle's Plants of Southern Colorado, 17. Camptoum curvatum folder in Herb. K. On Juncus, Wasa, vii, Karsten's Fungi fennici, 681. Arthrinium bicorne folder in Herb. K. On Juncus jacquini, Switzerland, vii.1910, Jaap's Fungi selecti, 499. Arthrinium cuspidatum folder in Herb. IMI. On Juncus ater, Sutherland, Sask., Canada, v.1938, W. P. Fraser & R. C. Russell (6965). On /. balticus montanus, Lake Eldorado, Colo., U.S.A., v.1913, E. Bethel, Bartholomew's Fungi columbiani, 4509 (6966). On J. filiformis, Lewaschowo, v. 1895, Jaczewski, Komarov & Tranzschel's Fungi Rossiae, 148 (7076). On J. gerardi, Spurn Point, Yorks., J. Webster, v ) Arthrinium luzulae M. B. Ellis spec. nov. Coloniae effusae, fuscae vel atrae. Mycelium partim superficiale et partim in substrato immersum. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis et anastomosantibus, septatis, pallide olivaceo-brunneis vel olivaceo-brunneis, levibus, 2-7 p crassis compositum. Mycelium immersum sparsum ex hyphis pallide olivaceo-brunneis, l-4u crassis compositum. Conidiophora ex cellis douiformibus, 5-8 x 4-6 p oriunda, erecta vel ascendentia, simplicia, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, incolorata, 30-80p longa, 3-6u crassa, septis numerosis, transversalibus, brunneis vel atro-brunneis praedita. Conidia curvata, utrimque attenuata, brunnea vel atro-brunnea, levia, (19-5) x (13-5)p. Cellae steriles acrogenae, hemisphaericae, triangulares vel lageniformes, pallide brunneae, 5-11 X 5-7p. Habitat in foliis culmisque Luzulae; typus in foliis culmisque

19 FIG. 11. Arthrinium luzulae (x 650 except where indicated by the scale). Luzuiae spadiceae, Graubunden, Albulapass, Switzerland, c. 2300m., 15. vii. 1954, E. Miiller, IMI Colonies dark blackish brown to black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of branched and

20 anastomosing, septate, pale to mid olivaceous brown, smooth-walled, 2-7 u thick hyphae; internal part sparse, hyphae pale olivaceous brown, l-4u thick. Conidiophore mother cells barrel-shaped, 5-8 X. 4-6 u. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, straight or fiexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for numerous thick, brown to dark brown, transverse septa, u long, 3-6 u thick. Conidia curved, with the ends tapered to form inwardly curved, horn-like processes, brown to dark brown, with a hyaline germ slit, smooth-walled, (19-5) X (13-5)u in face view, 8-11 u thick, tapering at the ends of the horns to 2-4 u. Sterile cells acrogenous, hemispherical, triangular or lageniform, pale brown, 5-11 x 5-7u. On leaves and culms of Luzula lutea and L. spadicea, Switzerland, collected by J. Braun-Blanquet, E. Miiller, and A. Volkart (96386, , , ). (12) Arthrinium curvatuin Kunze var. minus M. B. Ellis, 1951, Trans. Brit, mycol. Soc, 34, p Colonies compact, round, u diam., very dark brown to black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, colourless to pale brown, smooth-

21 walled, 2-7u thick hyphae; immersed hyphae colourless to pale brown, l-7p thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to lageniform, 4-7 x 4-5-5p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, flexuous, cyhndrical, colourless except for the thick, brown or dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, 36-74u long, 2-3-5u thick. Conidia curved, rounded at the ends, brown, with a hyaline germ slit, smooth-walled, 8-11 (9) X 5-6 (5-5) p. Sterile cells when present, usually curved and slightly smaller and paler than conidia. On dead leaves and culms of Carex hirta, C. riparia, Juncus conglomeratus and Scirpus tabernaemontani; specimens seen from France, Germany and Great Britain. SPECIMENS EXAMINED Camptoum curvatum folder in Herb. K. On Carex hirta, Bolton Percy, Yorks., ii.1935, W. G. Bramley. Gonatosporium puccinioides folder in Herb. K. On Carex, Rouen, 1884, A. Malbranche, Roumeguere's Fungi gallici, 3095; Berlin, xi.1896, Sydow's Mycotheca marchica, 1289, as Goniosporium puccinioides. Arthrinium curvatum var. minus folder in Herb. IMI. Five British collections from Norfolk and Yorks. on Carex hirta, C. riparia, Juncus conglomeratus, and Scirpus tabernaemontani [type host] (21201a, type, 23211a, , 34829). (13) Arthrinium state of Pseudoguignardia scirpi Gutner, 1927, Mat. Mikol. Fitopat. Ross., 6, p, 311. Arthrinium curvatum Kunze, 1823, in Kunze & Schmidt's Mykologische Hefte, 2, p. 103; Fries, 1832, Systema Mycol., 3, p Camptoum curvatum (Kunze) Link, 1824, in Linne, Species Plantarum, ed. 4 (Willdenow's), 6, 1, p. 44. Colonies amphigenous, compact, oval to round, often confluent, x p, dark brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum, with very narrow connecting hyphae passing through the host cuticle; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, colourless to brown, smooth-walled, septate, 3-7 p thick hyphae, often in two or more layers; immersed hyphae colourless to very pale brown, 1-7p thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to lageniform, 5-6 X 4-6 p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown or dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, 46-90u long, p thick. Conidia curved, rounded at the ends, with a hyaline germ slit, smooth-walled, (13) X 6-8 (7-2)p. Sterile cells sometimes present, usually curved, smaller and paler than the conidia. Usually found on dead leaves of Scirpus sylvaticus but collections have been made also on S. lacustris, Carex acutiformis and C. riparia; specimens seen from Austria, Belgium, England, Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, and Switzerland.

22 FIG. 13. Arthrinium state of Pseudoguignardia scirpi ( x 650 except where indicated by the scale). SPECIMENS EXAMINED Herb. W. B. Grove, now in Herb. BM. On Scirpus sylvaticus, Whichford Wood, iii.1891, as Camptoum curvatum. Camptoum curvatum folder in Herb. K. On Carex acutiformis, Collabrigo, iii.1879, C. Spegazzini's Dec. Myc. Ital., 28, as Arthrinium curvatum. On Scirpus lacustris, environs de Courtrai et d'ypres, ii, Herb. Hort. Bot. Belg., 974. On Scirpus sylvaticus, Bodenbach, 1873, Thumen's Fungi austriaci, 1168; Libert's PI. Crypt. Arduennae, Fasc. 1 (1830), 79; Rudloe, Wilts., England, C. E. Broome, Herb. Berk. 1879; Bukulti bei Riga, Latvia, iv.1927, F. Smarods; Limoges, in. 1844, J.Gay's Flora Galliae et Germaniae, 987; Berlin, Zopf & Sydow's Mycotheca marchica, 95, as A curvatum; Brandenburg, v.1917, Sydow's Mycotheca germanica, 1746; Neuchatel, Switzerland, iii.1880, Morthier, C. Roumeguere's Fungi gallici, 199. Pseudoguignardia scirpi folder in Herb. IMI. All exsiccata published as Arthrinium curvatum or Camptoum curvatum and on Scirpus sylvaticus: Austria, near Rosenau, iv, Mus. Palat. Vindobon. Krypt, 1627 (11832); Finland, Alandia, Eckero, Storby, iv.1937, Lehtola & Roivainen, Mycotheca fennica, fasc. 17, 818 (60832); Nylandia, Korso, Lehtola & Roivainen, iv.1936, Mycotheca fennica, fasc. 17, 819

23 (60833); Germany, near Leipzig, ix.1894, Rabenhorst-Winter-Pazschke's Fungi europaei, 4089 (16328); Lettland, iv.1935, K. Stares, F. Petrak's Mycotheca generalis, 212 (30112); Russia, Lesnoi near Petropolin, iv.1894, Jaczewski, Komarov and Tranzschel's Fungi Rossiae, 100 (16326); Gastrikland, iv.1954, J. A. Nannfeldt, Fungi suecici, 2677 (106244). (14) Arthrinium morthieri Fuckel, 1870, Symb. mycol, p Colonies compact, pulvinate, round or oval, usually X p, dark blackish brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the

24 substratum, composed of branched and anastomosing, septate, pale to mid olivaceous brown, smooth-walled, l-5-6u thick hyphae. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical or barrel-shaped, X 4-5-5u. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, straight or fiexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown to dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, u long, u thick. Conidia somewhat flattened, oblong or irregular in face view, often triangular in side view, rather pale brown, smooth-walled, (14-7) X 7-9 (8-3)11 in face view, 4-8 u thick. Sterile cells spherical to ellipsoidal, very pale, 7-10 X 5-8 u. On leaves of Carex spp., including C. digitata, C.panicea and C. sempervirens specimens seen from Sweden and Switzerland. SPECIMENS EXAMINED Arthrinium morthieri folder in Herb. G. On Carex digitata, Dombresson, Jura, Switzerland, spring, CI. Morthier, Fuckel's Fungi rhenani, 1914, type. semper A. morthieri folder in Herb. IMI. On Carex panicea, Bohuslan, Fiskebackspil, vii.1960, S. Nilsson (92548). On C. virens, Tessin, Nante, Switzerland, iv.1944, A. Volkart (96384). (15) Arthrinium caricicola Kunze ex Ficinus & Schubert, 1823; Kunze, 1817, in Kunze & Schmidt's Mykologische Hefte, 1, p. 9; Ficinus & Schubert, 1823, Kryptogamie in H. D. A. Ficinus' Flora der Gegend um Dresden, p. 276; Fries, 1832, Systema Mycol., 3, p A. naviculare Rostrup, 1886, Bot. Tidsskr., 15, p Colonies compact, pulvinate, round, u in diameter, dark blackish brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, brown to dark brown, smooth-walled, 2-5-6u thick hyphae; immersed hyphae pale to dark brown, 1-8 u thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to lageniform, 5-8 X 5-7 u. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, fiexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown or dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, u long, 2-4-5u thick. Conidia fusiform or cigar-shaped in face view, navicular in side view, part usually dark brown, the rest much paler, with a distinct hyaline rim, (43) X (9-4)u. Sterile cells much smaller and paler than conidia, bicuspid or irregularly lobed. On various species of Carex including C. ciliata, C. digitata, C. ericetorum, C. ligerica, C. panicea, C. praecox and on Eriophorum caespitosum; specimens seen from Finland, Germany, Latvia, Russia, Sweden, and Switzerland.

25 FIG. 15. Arthrinium caricicola (x 650 except where indicated by the scale). SPECIMENS EXAMINED Arthrinium caricicola folder in Herb. STR. Arthrinium caricicola [scripsit Kunze] on leaves of Carex ciliata, Berlin, iv, type. A. caricicola folder in Herb. K. On C. ciliata, Klotzsch, 71. On C. digitata, Mustiala, Finland, Karsten's Fungi fennici, 382. On C. ericetorum, Budenheim, Fuckel's Fungi rhenani, 125; Aclaz, Latvia, iv.1929, J. Smarods, On C. praecox, Brandenburg, Zopf & Sydow's Mycotheca marchica, 94. A. naviculare folder in Herb. K. On C. ligerica, Mostez, Jaroslawl, v.1902, Tranzschel & Serebrianikow's Mycotheca rossica, 99. A. caricicola folder in Herb. IMI. On C. ericetorum, Gottland: Vastkinde, vi.1920, T. Vestergren, Flora suecica (16283); Munchen: Grosshesselohe, iv.1895, Allescher & Schnabl's Fungi bavarici, 495 (16281); Brandenburg, iv.1916, Sydow's Mycotheca germanica, 1745 (19522); Lettland: Riga, v. 1943,

26 J. Smarods, F. Petrak's Mycotheca generalis, 1704 (32654). On C. panicea, Regio aboensis, Vihti, xi.1935, V. B. Lehtola, Mycotheca fennici, 817 (60831). On Eriophorum caespitosum, Tessin, Nante, Switzerland, vi.1945, A. Volkart (99596). (16) Arthrinium sporophleum Kunze, 1823, in Kunze & Schmidt's Mykologische Hefte, 2, p. 104; Fries, 1832, Systema Mycol., 3, p Sporophleum gramineum Nees, 1824, apud Link in Linne, Species Plantarum, ed. 4 (Willdenow's), 6, 1, p. 45. Torula eriophori Berkeley, 1836, Fungi in J. E. Smith's English Flora, 5 (2), p Arthrinium sporophleoides Fuckel, 1873, Symb. mycol., Nachtr., 2, p. 78. Colonies compact, pulvinate, oval, x p, dark blackish brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, colourless to brown, smooth-walled, 3-9u thick hyphae; immersed hyphae colourless to pale brown, l-5-4u thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to lageniform, X u. Conidiophores erect or ascending, fiexuous, cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown or dark brown, transverse t septa, smooth-walled, u long, 2-4-5u thick. Conidia brown, often with a pale rim, Umoniform to elliptical in face view and (12-3) X (5-9)p, often almost triangular in side view but with the outer edge curved and the comers rounded; 5-7u thick. Sterile cells pale brown, subspherical, polygonal or triangular, 5-8 p wide, or irregularly lobed. On various species of Carex, including C. acuta, C. acutiformis, C. flava, C. hirta, C. montana, C. paniculata, C. riparia and C. supina, Eriophorum angustifolium, E. comosum, Juncus effusus and Typha angustifolia; specimens seen from France, Germany, Great Britain, India, and Portugal. SPECIMENS EXAMINED Arthrinium caricicola folder in Herb. K. On Carex, Dresden, Hantzsch, Rabenhorst's Fungi europaei, 76. A. sporophleoides folder in Herb. G. On C. supina and C. montana, Budenheim, spring, Fuckel's Fungi rhenani, A. sporophleum folder in Herb. K. On C. acuta, Brandenburg, ix.1935, Sydow's Mycotheca germanica, On C. sp., Foret de Fontainebleau, ii.1883, C. Roumeguere's Fungi gallici, 254a. On Juncus effusus, Coimbra, Portugal, iii.1883, A Moller, Rabenhorst-Winter's Fungi europaei, Gonatosporium puccinioides folder in Herb. K. On Carex, Desmaziere's Crypt. France, Ser. 1, 602, as A. puccinioides. On Eriophorum angustifolium, King's Cliffe, type of Torula eriophori. Sporophleum gramineum folder in Herb. STR. Specimen labelled Sporophleum gramineum [scripsit Nees]. A. sporophleum folder in Herb. IMI. On Carex, Meaux, France, 1893, Briosi & Cavara's Funghi parassiti 242. One collection from India on Eriophorum comosum, and 43 British collections made in Lanes., Norfolk and Yorks. on species of Carex including C. acutiformis, C. flava, C. hirta, C. paniculata and C. riparia and on Typha angustifolia (476, 530, , , 20967, 27787, , 34277, 34522, 34620a, 34861a, 34891, 34892a, 58075, 69058, 69076, 72276, 85742, ,102893).

27

28 (17) Arthrinium lobatum M. B. Ellis, 1963, Mycol. Pap., 87, p. 21. Colonies compact, pulvinate, round to oval, dark blackish brown to black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, subhyaline to pale olivaceous brown, smooth-walled, 3-9p thick hyphae; immersed hyphae hyaline, 2-8 p thick. Conidiophore mother cells lageniform, 7-14 X 7-9 p. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, FIG. 17. Arthrinium lobatum (x 650 except where indicated by the scale). 10(1 colourless except for the thick, dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, p long, 3-5p thick. Conidia oval or broadly ellipsoidal, part usually brown or dark brown, the rest much paler, smooth-walled, (19-5) x (12-4)p. Sterile cells irregularly angled and lobed, 9-18p across. On dead grass leaves, Venezuela (74782). (18) Arthrinium ushuvaiense Spegazzini, 1887, Boln Acad. nac. Cienc, Cordoba, 11, p Colonies compact, pulvinate, round or oval, dark blackish brown to black. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a network of branched and anastomosing, septate, pale to

29 mid-brown, smooth-walled, 2-6u thick hyphae; immersed hyphae pale brown to brown, 1-3 u thick. Conidiophore mother cells subspherical to lageniform, X 4-5-6u. Conidiophores erect or ascending, straight or fiexuous,

30 cylindrical, colourless except for the thick, brown or dark brown, transverse septa, smooth-walled, u long, 2-4 p thick. Conidia brown or dark brown, often with a pale rim, hmoniform, fusiform or navicular in face view, and (21) x 6-9 (7-2)u, often somewhat triangular in side view but with the outer edge curved and the corners rounded, 6-8 u thick. Sterile cells pale brown, subspherical or triangular, 7-11 u diam. or irregularly lobed. On Luzula antarctica, Ushuvaia, Tierra del Fuego, v. 1882, C. Spegazzini, 12702, type in Herb. LPS; on dead grass, Argentina, R. W. G. Dennis (75583). CORDELLA Cordelia Spegazzini GENERIC DESCRIPTION Colonies compact or effused, dark blackish brown or black, each made up of a close carpet of setae mixed with small groups of conidiophores. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum. Setae subulate, brown or black. Conidiophore mother cells ampulliform or barrel-shaped, arising from cells of the superficial mycelial mat. Conidiophores arising singly from conidiophore mother cells, simple, rather narrow, more or less cylindrical, colourless or pale brown except for the thick, brown or dark brown, transverse septa; growth in length takes place only at the base. Conidia terminal and lateral, usually formed on very short pegs, 1-celled, lenticular, pale brown to brown with a hyaline band at the junction of the two sides. Lectotype species: Cordelia coniosporioides Speg. Cordelia coniosporioides Spegazzini, 1886, An. Soc. cient. argent., 22, p Colonies compact, pulvinate, oval or linear, black, shining. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a close network of branched and anastomosing, septate, olive brown, smoothwalled, 2-7u thick hyphae often in two or more layers; immersed hyphae subhyaline to rather pale olive brown, l-5-4u thick. Setae erect, curved or fiexuous, subulate, often bulbous at the base, brown or dark brown, smoothwalled, O-septate, 15-40p long, 3-6 p thick in the broadest part, tapering to u near the apex. Conidiophore mother cells ampulliform, subhyaline to pale brown, sometimes verruculose, 5-8 X 4-5-6u. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, fiexuous, cylindrical, colourless to pale brown, often verruculose, with brown or dark brown transverse septa, 15-25p long, 2-5-4u thick. Conidia lenticular, pale brown to brown with a hyaline band at the junction of the two sides, (19)p broad, 8-10 (9-7)p thick. On bamboo culms, Paraguay and Venezuela. Part of the co-type, Balansa No in Herb. PC, has been examined and one fresh collection from Venezuela, IMI

31 c FIG. 19. Cordelia coniosporioides (x 650 except where indicated by the scale). Cordelia johnstonii M. B. Ellis spec. nov. Coloniae effusae, fuscae vel atrae, pilosae. Mycelium partim superficiale et partim in substrato immersum. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis et anastomosantibus, septatis, pallide brunneis vel brunneis, levibus, 2-5 u crassis, reticularis compositum. Mycelium immersum ex hyphis hyalinis vel pallide brunneis, l-5-4p crassis compositum. Setae erectae, rectae vel fiexuosae, subulatae, fuscae vel atrae, leves, septatae, u longae, basim versus 8-15u crassae. Conidiophora ex cellis ampulliformibus vel dohiformibus oriunda, erecta vel ascendentia, simplicia, flexuosa, cylindrica, hyalina vel pallide brunnea, levia vel verruculosa, 15-50u longa, l-5-3p crassa, septis transversalibus, crassis, brunneis vel atrobrunneis praedita. Conidia lenticularia, pallide brunnea vel brunnea, (20-4)p lata, (ll-3)p crassa. Habitat in culmis emortuis Bambusae blumeanae, Federal Experiment Station, Serdang, Malaya, A. Johnston, 16. ii.1956, IMI typus. Colonies effused, dark blackish brown to black, hairy. Mycelium partly

32 superficial, partly immersed in the substratum; superficial part composed of a close network of branched and anastomosing, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled, 2-5 u thick hyphae arranged in one layer or sometimes two or more layers; immersed hyphae hyaline to pale brown, l-5-4u thick. Setae FIG. 20. Cordelia johnstonii (x 650]except where indicated by the scale).

33 erect, straight or flexuous, subulate, acutely pointed at the apex, dark blackish brown to black, smooth-walled, septate, p long, 8-15 p thick in the broadest part. Conidiophore mother cells ampulhform or barrel-shaped, colourless to pale brown, 4-8 X 3-5 u. Conidiophores erect or ascending, simple, flexuous, cyhndrical, colourless to pale brown, smooth or verruculose, with thick, brown or dark brown, transverse septa, 15-50p long, l-5-3p thick. Conidia lenticular, pale brown to brown with a hyaline band at the junction of the two parts, (20-4)p broad, (11-3)p thick. On dead culms of Bambusa blumeana, Malaya. ACRODICTYS Acrodictys appendiculata M. B. Ellis spec. nov. Coloniae effusae, griseae vel atrae. Mycelium superficiale, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, pallide brunneis vel brunneis, levibus, 2-5 p crassis, reticulatis compositum. Conidiophora singula vel 2-3 fasciculata ex lateribus hypharum oriunda, erecta, recta vel flexuosa, atro-brunnea vel fusca, levia, continua, 6-32 p longa, 4-6 p crassa. Conidia singula in apice conidiophori oriunda, urbinata vel subglobosa, muriformia, levia, brunnea vel atro-brunnea, (33)p longa, (26)p crassa, appendicibus 2-4, pallide brunneis, 15-56p longis, 3-4p crassis ornata; cella basilari obconica, basi truncata, 3-5-4p lata. Habitat in culmis emortuis Oxytenantherae abyssinicae, inter Musaia et Okentu, Sierra Leone, P. W. Sellar, 10. viii.1963, IMI d typus. FIG. 21. Acrodictys appendiculata (x 650).

34 Colonies effused, grey to black. Mycelium superficial, composed of a network of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled, 2-5 u thick hyphae. Conidiophores arising singly or in groups of 2-3 laterally on the hyphae, erect, straight or fiexuous, dark brown to dark blackish brown, smoothwalled, non-septate, 16-32u long, 4-6u thick. Conidia formed singly as a blown-out end at the apex of each conidiophore, turbinate to subglobose, muriform, smooth-walled, brown to dark brown, (33) u long, (26) u thick, with 2-4 pale brown appendages 15-56pv long, 3-4u thick; basal cell obconical, truncate and 3-5-4u wide at the base. On dead culms of Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Sierra Leone. Acrodictys globulosa (Toth) M. B. Ellis comb. nov. Monodictys globulosa Toth, 1962, Ann. hist.-nat. Mus. hung., 54, p Colonies effused, brown. Mycelium partly superficial, partly subcuticular, composed of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled, l-4u FIG. 22. Acrodictys globulosa (x 650). thick hyphae. Conidiophores arising singly or in groups of 2-3 laterally on the hyphae, erect or ascending, straight or fiexuous, brown to dark brown near the base, pale brown above, smooth-walled, septate, 30-70u long, 5-7 u thick, often with 1-6 successive, cylindrical terminal proliferations. Conidia formed singly as blown-out ends at the apex of the conidiophore, which after the first conidium has fallen often proliferates straight on and forms another

35 conidium at a higher level, subglobose, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled, usually with 2 transverse septa and several longitudinal and oblique septa, (25)p long, (20)p thick; basal cell almost cylindrical, protuding, very pale brown, 5-6 p wide. On dead stems of Clematis vitalba, near Dedesvar mountain Biikk hegyseg, Hungary, S. Toth, 16, viii.1960, type in Herb. BP, No. 3424, slide IMI Also on bark of a tree, Gberia, Fotombu, Sierra Leone, P.W. Sellar, 19. viii. 1963, IMI c. ANNELLOPHORA Annellophora borneoensis M. B. Ellis spec. nov. Coloniae epiphyllae, effusae, griseae vel atrae, pilosae. Mycelium partim superficiale et partim immersum, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, subhyalinis vel pallide brunneis, levibus, 1-3 p crassis compositum. Conidiophora singula vel 2-3 fasciculata ex apice lateribusque hypharum oriunda, erecta, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, basi inflata, brunnea vel atro-brunnea, levia, septata, per usque ad 12 proliferationes cylindricas successivas elongascentia, u longa, 3-5 p crassa. Conidia singula, primo in apice conidiophori et dein proliferationis cujusque successivae oriunda, recta vel leviter flexuosa, obclavata FIG. 23. Annellophora borneoensis (x 650). vel subfusiformia, ad basim truncata, levia, subhyalina vel pallide brunnea, 1-4 septata, (21-5)p longa, 4-4-5p crassa, apicem versus ad l-5-2u attenuata, basi 3p lata, saepe apice per usque ad 7 proliferationes successivas elongascentia; conidiis secondariis minoribus in apice proliferationum successivarum oriundis. Habitat in foliis Theobromae cacao, Tiger Estate, North Borneo, A. Johnston, 7. ix.1959, IMI typus. Colonies epiphyllous, effused, grey to black, hairy. Mycelium partly superficial partly immersed in the substratum, composed of branched, septate, subhyaline

36 to pale brown, smooth-walled, 1-3 p thick hyphae. Conidiophores arising singly or in groups of 2-3, terminally and laterally on the hyphae, erect, straight or fiexuous, cylindrical, swollen at the base, brown to dark brown, smooth-walled, septate, with up to 12 successive cylindrical proliferations, p long, 3-5u thick. Conidia formed singly at the apex of the conidiophore which after the first conidium has fallen grows straight on and forms another conidium at the apex of the proliferation, straight or slightly fiexuous, obclavate to subfusiform, truncate at the base, smooth-walled, subhyaline to pale brown, 1-4 septate, (21-5)p long, 4-4-5p thick in the broadest part, tapering to 1-5-2u near the apex, 3 u wide at the base, often with up to 7 successive terminal proliferations on which rather smaller secondary conidia are borne in turn. On leaves of Theobroma cacao, North Borneo. Annellophora dendrographii M. B. Ellis spec. nov. Coloniae hyperparasiticae, effusae, fuscae, pilosae. Mycelium superficiale, ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, subhyalinis vel pallide brunneis, levibus, 1-3 p crassis compositum. Conidiophora singula vel 2-3 fasciculata ex apice lateribusque hypharum oriunda, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, basi interdum inflata, brunnea vel atro-brunnea, apicem versus pallidiora, levia, septata, per usque ad 11 proliferationes cylindricas successivas elongascentia, 16-30p longa, 4-5 p crassa. Conidia singula, primo in apice conidiophori et dein proliferationis cujusque successivae oriunda, recta vel flexuosa, obclavata, ad basim truncata, levia, subhyalina vel pallide brunnea, 5-9 septata, (47) p longa, 8-9 (8-2)p crassa, apicem versus ad 2-3 p attenuata, basi 4-5 p lata, saepe apice per usque ad 5 proliferationes successivas elongascentia; conidiis secondariis minoribus in apice proliferationum successivarum oriundis. Habitat in conidiophoris Dendrographii atri in ramis emortuis arboris ignotae, Guarapi, Paraguay, B. Balansa No in Herb. K ut Cordelia spinulosa, slide IMI b typus. Colonies hyperparasitic, effused, dark blackish brown, hairy. Mycelium superficial, composed of branched, septate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, FIG. 24. Annellophora dendrographii (x 650).

37 1-3 u thick hyphae. Conidiophores arising singly or in groups of 2-3 terminally and laterally on the hyphae, straight or flexuous, cylindrical, sometimes swollen at the base, brown to dark brown, paler towards the apex, smooth-walled, septate, with up to 11 successive cylindrical proliferations, 16-30p long, 4-5p; thick. Conidia formed singly at the apex of the conidiophore which after the. first conidium has fallen grows straight on and forms another conidium at the apex of the proliferation, straight or flexuous, obclavate, truncate, at the base,; smooth, subhyaline to pale brown, 5-9 septate, 3-62 (47) p long, 8-9 (8-2)p thick in the broadest part, tapering to 2-3 p near the apex, 4-5 p wide at the base, often with up to 5 successive terminal proliferations on which smaller secondary conidia are borne in turn. On conidiophores of Dendrographium atrum on dead branches of an unknown tree, Paraguay. BACTRODESMIUM Bactrodesmium microleucurum (Speg.) M. B. Ellis comb. nov. Coniosporium microleucurum Spegazzini, 1921, Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cdrdoba, 25, p FIG. 25. Bactrodesmium microleucurum (x 650).

38 'Colonies effused, black, granular. Mycelium immersed in the substratum, composed of branched, septate, reddish brown, smooth-walled, 1-3 p thick hyphae. Conidiophores fasciculate, formed at the ends of the hyphae where these push through to the surface of the substratum, unbranched or occasionally branched, fiexuous, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, septate, up to 30 p long, 2-3 u thick at the base, broadening towards the apex to 4-5 p. Conidia formed singly as blown-out ends at the apices of conidiophores and branches, obovoid, opaque, when mature dark blackish brown except near the base where the cells are subhyaline or pale brown, smooth-walled, 2-5 septate, the septa usually close together towards the base, (40) p long, (23) p thick in the broadest part, 4-5 p wide at the truncate base. On dry dead culms of Chusquea cummingii, Los Perales, Chile, C. Spegazzini No , spring 1917; type in Herb. LPS. CONOPLEA Conoplea elegantula (Cooke) M. B. Ellis, comb. nov. Botrytis elegantula Cooke, Sept. 1883, Grevillea, 12, No. 61, p. 27. Colonies effused, cottony, dark brown. Mycelium immersed in the substratum, composed of subhyaline to rather pale brown, smooth-walled, 1-4 p thick hyphae. Stromata erumpent through stomata, up to 40 u in diameter, dark brown. Conidiophores arising from the stromata, dendroid; mononematous stipes erect or ascending, septate, brown or dark brown, paler towards the apex, up to 1200p long, lower part smooth, 7-8 u thick, upper part echinulate, 4-5 p thick, sometimes tapering to 2-3u at the apex; primary branches up to 8 in number, up to 400p long, 3-4 p thick, upwardly curving, sometimes unilateral, pale brown, darker towards the base, echinulate, often bearing secondary and tertiary branches. The shorter branches and end cells of longer ones are sporogenous cells which each bear usually 1-4 conidia; scars inconspicuous or appearing as short, peg-like projections. Conidia formed as blown-out ends singly at the tip of each sporogenous cell and of successive new growing points which develop just to one side of the previous conidium, oval, pale brown, rather thin-walled, minutely echinulate, 5-6 (5-8)n X (4)u. On conifer needles, S. Carol., Ravenel The substratum of the type collection in Herb. K is stated on the packet to be rotting grass but it is decaying conifer needles upon which the fungus was found. PITHOMYCES Pithomyces cynodontis M. B. Ellis spec. nov. Coloniae pulvinatae vel effusae, fuscae vel atrae. Mycelium superficiale ex hyphis ramosis, septatis, subhyalinis vel stramineis, levibus vel verrucosis, 2-4 p crassis reticulatis compositum. Conidiophora singula ex apice lateribusque hypharum oriunda, simplicia, recta vel flexuosa, cylindrica, pallide straminea,

39 FIG. 26. Conoplea elegantula ( x 650 except where indicated by the scales). levia vel verrucosa, 4-15u longa, 2-4p crassa. Conidia singula in apice conidiophori oriunda, recta vel curvata, subsphaerica, oblonga, ellipsoidea, obovoidea vel clavata, brunnea vel fusca, verruculosa vel echinulata, (37) u longa, (17)p crassa, septis 2-6 transversalibus et 1-4 longitudinalibus praedita.

40 Habitat in infiorescentiis Cynodontis dactyli, Mongu airstrip, Zambia, A. Angus, ll.ii.1963, IMI typus. FIG. 27. Pithomyces cynodontis (x 650). Colonies pulvinate or effused dark blackish brown to black. Mycelium superficial, composed of a network of branched, septate, subhyaline or straw coloured, smooth or rough-walled, 2-4p thick hyphae. Conidiophores borne singly, terminally and laterally on the hyphae, simple, straight or flexuous, cyhndrical, pale straw coloured, smooth or verrucose, 4-15 p long, 2-4 p thick. Conidia formed singly as blown-out ends at the apex of each conidiophore, straight or curved, subspherical, oblong, ellipsoid, obovoid or clavate, brown to dark blackish brown, verruculose to echinulate, (37) p long, (17) p thick in the broadest part, with 2-6 transverse and 1-4 longitudinal septa.

41 The conidia usually become detached through fracture of the wall of the conidiophore and each conidium carries away with it the upper part of the conidiophore. On inflorescences of Cynodon dactylon, Zambia. This fungus grows well in culture and sporulates freely on cornmeal, malt, potato-dextrose and potatocarrot agars at room temperature. Pithomyces pulvinatus (Cooke & Massee) M. B. Ellis comb. nov. Alternaria pulvinata Cooke & Massee apud Cooke, March 1890, Grevillea, 18, No. 87, p. 56. Colonies small, pulvinate, greyish to chocolate brown. Mycelium superficial composed of a mat of branched, septate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled, 2-5 u thick hyphae. Conidiophores borne singly, terminally and laterally on the FIG. 28. Pithomyces pulvinatus (x 650). hyphae, straight or curved, cyhndrical, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled, 2-10u long, 2-4u thick. Conidia formed singly as blown-out ends at the apex of each conidiophore, straight or slightly curved, limoniform when mature, dark