Unpublished myxomycete collection of K. R. Kupffer

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1 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: 1 6 (2003) Published on January 28, 2004 Unpublished myxomycete collection of K. R. Kupffer Grazina Adamonyte 1 & Edgars Vimba 2 1 Institute of Botany, Zaliuju ezeru 49, LT 2021 Vilnius, Lithuania grazina@botanika.lt 2 University of Latvia, Kronvalda Blvd. 4, LV 1586 Riga, Latvia evimba@lanet.lv Abstract: The paper deals with myxomycete collection assembled by K. R. Kupfer in and deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Latvia (RIG). A brief description of the scientific activities of Kupfer is presented. His collection of myxomycetes includes 55 specimens, which are ascribed to 33 species and varieties. Eight taxa are new for Latvia: Didymium bahiense, Enteridium splendens var. juranum, Fuligo cf. leviderma, Physarum citrinum, P. flavicomum, Stemonitopsis hyperopta, Symphytocarpus amaurochaetoides, and S. flaccidus. The collection also includes specimens of the species Lindbladia effusa and Physarum globuliferum, that are rare in the south-eastern Baltic region. Comments on morphology are given for critical specimens and noteworthy species. Collection sites are shown on the map. Kokkuvõte: K. R. Kupfferi limakute kogu avaldamata andmeid. Tutvustatakse K. R. Kupfferi aastatel moodustunud limakute kogu, mida säilitatakse Läti Ülikooli herbaariumis (RIG). Esitatakse Kupfferi teadusliku tegevuse lühiülevaade. Limakute kogu koosneb 55-st eksemplarist, mis jagunevad 33 liigi ja varieteedi vahel. Kaheksa taksonit on Lätile uued: Didymium bahiense, Enteridium splendens var. juranum, Fuligo cf. leviderma, Physarum citrinum, P. flavicomum, Stemonitopsis hyperopta, Symphytocarpus amaurochaetoides ja S. flaccidus. Kogusse kuuluvad ka Baltikumi kaguosas haruldaste liikide Lindbladia effusa ja Physarum globuliferum eksemplarid. Esitatakse kriitiliste ja märkimisväärsete liikide morfoloogia kommentaarid. Kogumiskohad on näidatud kaardil. INTRODUCTION Karl Reinhold Kupffer ( ), a famous Baltic German botanist, was an outstanding personality in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In , he studied botany and mathematics at Dorpat (Tartu) University. Kupffer was an assistant for microscopy and descriptive geometry at Riga Polytechnic University in , a docent in , an adjunct professor in , and an extraordinary professor on descriptive geometry in the same institution in During , he was appointed as a docent for botany at the Herder Institute in Riga and, in , he worked there as a professor. Kupffer was also a member of the Naturalists Society of Riga; he was elected an honorary member in 1920 and the chairman of this Society in Kupffer s main scientific interests were plant taxonomy and biogeography. He collected and organised a herbarium of the Baltic flora (Herbarium Balticum), which contained ca sheets. This herbarium was collected mostly in the territory of Latvia, but it also included plants from the territory of Estonia collected from the last decade of the 19th century until the 1930s. In total, the herbarium contained 1200 species, of which 120 species were found by Kupffer for the first time in the region. Among the 170 adventitious species, 130 species were recorded by him for the first time in the region, e.g. Equisetum telmateja, Hordelymus europaeus, Polystichum braunii, Cnidium dubium, etc. The Herbarium Balticum is currently located in the Faculty of Biology of the University of Latvia. The herbarium material obtained by Kupffer through exchange comprises the Herbarium Generale. At present, both herbaria constitute the fundamental part of the Herbarium of the Faculty of Biology (RIG). These herbaria are studied not only by botanists of Latvia, but also by specialists from Estonia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland and other countries. Kupffer investigated the factors determining the distribution of plants and developed ideas about the spatial gradients of their distribution. His monograph Grundzüge der Pflanzengeographie des Ostbaltischen Gebietes, published in 1925, is a very important source of information for plant biogeography. He divided the

2 2 Folia Cryptog. Estonica territory of Estonia and Latvia into floristic regions. However, this division has only historical importance in our days. At the beginning of the 20th century, Kupffer studied the development of the flora and its history. The results of these studies were reported at the 1st Meeting of the Baltic Historians in 1908 and published in several articles. He was particularly interested in floristic development after the glaciation and in the immigration of various plant species. Kupffer was also active in a field of nature conservation. On his initiative, the Naturalists Society of Riga proclaimed the Moricsala island in the Usma lake as a protected area in Later he carried out a detailed study of the flora and vegetation of this island. Fungi and myxomycetes also had a certain place among Kuppfer s wide interests. Having studied the Moricsala Nature Reserve (former Moritzholm Nature Reserve) for many years, Kupffer published a comprehensive geobotanical study of this area (Kupffer, 1931). The mycological part of this survey listed 19 species of myxomycetes, presenting Ceratiomyxa mucida (Pers.) J. Schröt., C. porioides (Alb. & Schwein.) J. Schröt., and C. pyxidata (Alb. & Schwein.) J. Schröt. as separate species. After a paper written by Rothert (1890) on myxomycetes collected in the environs of Riga and a paper by Bucholtz (1908) presenting a compilation of Rothert s abovementioned work and some unpublished materials by Mikutowicz and Kupffer, this was the third publication where special attention was given to the myxomycetes of Latvia. When visiting the Herbarium of the University of Latvia, the first author of this paper had Fig. 1. Collection sites: 1 Vecmokas (Tukums distr.), 2 Jurmala (Riga distr.), 3 Babite (Riga distr.), 4 Olaine (Riga distr.), 5 Marupe (Riga distr.), 6 Riga and its environs (Bisumuiza, Garkalne, Jugla, the hill Luozmetejkalns, Mangali, Mezaparks, Pinki, Vecaki), 7 Kekava (Riga distr.), 8 Garkalne (Riga distr.), 9 Stopini (Riga distr.), 10 Baldone (Riga distr.), 11 Ikskile (Ogre distr.), 12 Cesis (Cesis distr.), 13 Bilstini (Aizkraukle distr.), 14 Zasa (Jekabpils distr.).

3 3 an opportunity to study the hitherto unpublished collection of myxomycetes by Kupffer, obtained from sites of the country other than the Moricsala Nature Reserve. Along with common species, this collection contains some rare myxomycetes; it presents the additional data on the species diversity, frequency, and distribution of Latvian myxomycetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens were collected and identified by Kupffer. Some specimens were re-identified by the first author of this paper. Myxomycete taxonomy follows Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991); abbreviations of authors names are used according to Brummitt & Powell (1992). Collections are deposited at the Herbarium of the University of Latvia (RIG). Specimens are numbered according to Kupffer. If available, species are provided with data on substrate, habitat, and collection date. In case of nomenclatural changes, both old synonym (in brackets) and current name are given. Original label data are presented in angle brackets [... ]. Comments on morphology follow critical specimens and noteworthy species. Species that are new to Latvia are marked with an asterisk (*). Specimens earlier cited in Bucholtz (1908) are marked with two asterisks (**). Collection sites are indicated on a map and numbered (Fig. 1); the corresponding site numbers (see legend to Fig. 1) are given in brackets in the following list. RESULTS AMAUROCHAETE ATRA (Alb. & Schwein.) Rostaf. (Amaurochaete fuliginosa (Sowerby) T. Macbr.) No IV 1684, on a log of Pinus sylvestris, Jugla, Riga (6), 11 May Specimen consists of 3 aethalia which are prematurely dried and demolished by insects. Remaining fragments of capillitium are represented by branching plates with sparse perforations; spores blackish brown in mass, minutely warted, with a somewhat paler side, µm diam. ARCYRIA CINEREA (Bull.) Pers. No IV 1276, on a decaying trunk of Pinus sylvestris, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug. 1913; No IV 2792, on a decaying timber of a balcony, Riga (6), 15 Aug A. DENUDATA (L.) Wettst. (A. punicea Pers.) No IV 2720, Riga environs (6), 3 Sept. 1922, leg. F. E. Stoll; No IV 2793, on a decaying timber of a balcony, Riga (6), 15 Aug A. OBVELATA (Oeder) Onsberg (A. nutans (Bull.) Grev.) No IV 2794, on decaying timber of a balcony, Riga (6), 15 Aug. 1923; No IV 1275, on a decaying log, at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug CERATIOMYXA FRUTICULOSA (O. F. Mül.) T. Macbr. (C. fruticulosa var. hydnoides) No IV 1270, on a decaying log in a forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug C. PORIOIDES (Alb. & Schwein.) J. Schröt. (C. fruticulosa var. porioides (Alb. & Schwein.) Lister) No IV 1271, on a decaying log in a forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug. 1913; No IV 2788, on decaying timber of a balcony, Riga (6), 15 Aug CRIBRARIA AURANTIACA Schrad. No IV 2789 (in the same sample as Physarum flavicomum Berk.), on decaying timber of a balcony, Riga (6), 15 Aug C. RUFA (Roth.) Rostaf. No IV 1482, on a decaying log in a young pine forest, Baldone, Riga distr. (10), 9 June *DIDYMIUM BAHIENSE Gottsb. No IV 2941/2942 (identified as D. melanospermum (Pers.) T. Macbr. and D. nigripes (Link) Fr. by Kupffer; in the same sample as D. difforme), on litter, the Institute of Herder, Riga (6), 2 Nov Sporocarps long-stalked; stalk dark brown; peridium colourless; pseudocolumella distinctly discoid; spores warted, with groups of more prominent warts, 9 µm diam. Colourless peridium and absence of the true columella exclude both species to which the specimen has been ascribed by Kupffer; discoid pseudocolumella refers to D. bahiense. D. DIFFORME (Pers.) Gray No IV 2941/2942 (in the same sample as D. bahiense), on litter, the Institute of Herder, Riga (6), 2 Nov Short plasmodiocarps and sporocarps sitting on a wide base; outer peridium lime shell, inner one shining, brown by transmitted light; spores black in mass, µm diam. The specimen is deposited under names D. melanospermum and D. nigripes; D. difforme was most probably overlooked

4 4 Folia Cryptog. Estonica or taken for a malformed specimen of D. melanospermum by Kupffer. ENERTHENEMA PAPILLATUM (Pers.) Rostaf. No IV 1363, [ Auzem, Kiefernstubben im trock. Mengwalde am Südufer d. Sees ], Cesis distr. (12), 26 Aug ENTERIDIUM LYCOPERDON (Bull.) M. L. Farr (Reticularia lycoperdon Bull.) No IV 1895, on a trunk of Sorbus aucuparia about 2 m high, Jugla, Riga (6), 11 May Cortex thin, silvery; pseudocapillitium of typical for the species discrete branching plates that arise from the base of an aethalium. *E. SPLENDENS var. JURANUM (Meyl.) Härk. No IV 2785 (identified as Reticularia lycoperdon Bull. by Kupffer), on a decaying stump of Pinus sylvestris, Ogres Kangari, Ikskile, Ogre distr. (11), 8 Aug Cortex of an aethalium is dried prematurely and consists of yellowish granular glassy mass; pseudocapillitium spongy throughout, spores µm diam. Due to the characteristic pseudocapillitium structure, the specimen is ascribed here to E. splendens var. juranum. *FULIGO cf. LEVIDERMA H. Neubert, Nowotny & K. Baumann No IV 1620 (identified as F. septica (L.) F. H. Wigg. by Kupffer), on the board-road from Bisumuiza to Kukulmuiznieki, Marupe, Riga distr. (5), 18 July Cortex thick, spongy, brick-red; inner lime pale brown, lemon-yellow by transmitted light; spores minutely warted, 7 8 µm diam. Whereas the specimen, especially the contents of the aethallium, is heavily damaged by insects and some taxonomical traits are therefore lost, we ascribe it to F. leviderma with some reservation. F. SEPTICA (L.) F. H. Wigg. No IV M 71**, on a trunk of Pinus sylvestris in a forest, environs of Riga (6), 2 Nov. 1894; No IV M 144, on a trunk of Betula sp. in a forest, Makstenieki, Garkalne, Riga distr. (8), 12 May 1895; No IV 1680, on a decaying log of Pinus sylvestris in a forest, Vecaki, Riga (6), 13 July 1918; No IV 1981, on a stump of Pinus sylvestris in a forest, Vecmokas, Tukums distr. (1), 31 July 1919; No IV 2198, on litter in a forest at the road from Zasa to Daugava, Jekabpils distr. (14), 1 July 1920; No IV 1348, on mosses in a coniferous forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 16 Aug (developed from a yellow plasmodium). LEOCARPUS FRAGILIS (Dicks.) Rostaf. No IV 1349, on mosses in a forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 16 Aug (developed from a yellow plasmodium). LINDBLADIA EFFUSA (Ehrenb.) Rostaf. No IV 1640, on decaying remains of timber fortifications, the hill Lozmetejkalns, Babite, Riga distr. (3), 23 July Habit of the pseudoaethallium strongly refers to Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) J. F. Gmel. as the specimen has almost lost its characteristic khaki color and shaded to olive-brown; hypothallus thick, spongy; peridum contains small numerous dictydine granules; spores minutely warted, µm diam. LYCOGALA EPIDENDRUM (L.) Fr. No IV M 127**, on a pine trunk in a bog between Riga and Olaine, Olaine, Riga distr. (4), April 1895; No IV M 104**, on a decaying fence, Ozolaine, Riga (6), 11 Nov. 1894; No IV 2795, on decaying timber of a balcony, Riga (6), 15 Aug METATRICHIA VESPARIUM (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. ex G. W. Martin & Alexop. (Hemitrichia vesparium (Batsch) T. Macbr.) No IV M 155**, on a decaying trunk of Betula sp. in a forest between Dzintari and Bulduri, Jurmala (2), 26 May 1895; No IV 1678, on a decaying log of Betula sp.in a forest, Vecaki, Riga (6), 18 Aug. 1918; No IV 2791, on decaying timber of a balcony, Riga (6), 15 Aug *PHYSARUM CITRINUM Schumach. No IV 1274, on a decaying stump in a forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug Sporocarps stalked; hypothallus brown; stalks stout, yellow, with pale brown and sometimes constricted base; columella small, conical; peridium covered with rounded lemon-yellow lime scales; capillitium dense with small rounded and short spindle-shaped lemon-yellow nodes; spores warted with groups of more prominent warts, µm diam. Specimen is very well preserved, but its duplicate is represented only by several stalks and columellae with scanty fragments of peridium and capilliatial threads. *P. FLAVICOMUM Berk. No IV 2789 (in the same sample as Cribraria aurantiaca), on decaying timber of a balcony, Riga (6), 15 Aug The habit resembles P. nutans Pers.; stalk shining golden brown; peridium covered with pale yellow lime; capillitium abun-

5 5 dant, lime nodes abundant, lemon-yellow, elongated angular or spindle-shaped; spores evenly warted, ca. 9 µm diam. P. GLOBULIFERUM (Bull.) Pers. No IV 1273, on a decaying stump in a forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug Sporocarps long-stalked; stalks slender, tapering, whitish or creamy, yellowish-brown in transmitted light; columella small conical; peridium covered with whitish rounded lime scales; capillitium dense, retaining globular form of the net after peridium evanescence; lime nodes triangular and spindle-shaped, white under a dissecting microscope, yellow-brown in transmitted light; spores minutely warted with groups of more distinct warts, µm diam. P. NUTANS Pers. No IV 1353, on a stump in a forest at a road, Cesis distr. (12), 25 Aug P. VIRESCENS Ditmar No IV 1354, on a stump in a forest at a road, Cesis distr. (12), 25 Aug Sporocarps heaped on mosses; peridial lime scanty, yellow, spores warted, µm diam. STEMONITIS AXIFERA (Bull.) T. Macbr. (S. ferruginea Ehrenb.) No IV 1277, on a decaying log in a forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug. 1913; No IV 1679, on a decaying stump of Betula sp. in a forest, Vecaki, Riga (6), 11 Aug S. cf. SMITHII T. Macbr. No IV 1688 (identified as Comatricha typhoides (Bull.) Rostaf. by Kupffer), on a decaying stump of Betula sp. in a forest, Vecaki, Riga (6), 18 Aug The specimen is damaged by insects and consists of several stalks with fragments of capillitium only; stalks opaque below, redbrown above, hollow; meshes of the peripheral net 7 30 µm diam.; spores light brown in mass, µm diam. Small amount of material does not allow to ascribe the specimen to S. smithii with certainty. S. FUSCA Roth No IV 1695, on decaying branches in a forest, Skujenieki, south-east from Riga, Kekava, Riga distr. (7), 23 Aug *STEMONITOPSIS HYPEROPTA (Meyl.) Nann.-Bremek. No IV 1272 (identified as Comatricha typhoides (Bull.) Rostaf. by Kupffer), on a decaying log in a spruce forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug Sporocarps pale lilac brown; spores reticulated with some more prominent meshes, µm diam. *SYMPHYTOCARPUS AMAUROCHAETOIDES Nann.-Bremek. (Stemonitis fusca var. confluens Lister) No IV 1278, on a decaying stump in a forest at the river Daugava, Bilstini, Aizkraukle distr. (13), 1 Aug Specimen consists of tangled wide-meshed capillitial net detached from hypothallus, discrete sporocarps are difficult to separate; hypothallus brown, glistering anthracite black, at its periphery fragments of membrane are rising up and forming irregular honeycomb-like low borders; portions of irregular columellae can be found in the capillitial net; capillitium expanded at the angles, with numerous long ends; spores covered with warts which form a fine-meshed net, µm diam. *S. FLACCIDUS (Lister) Ing & Nann.-Bremek. (Stemonitis splendens var. flaccida Lister) No IV 2203 (identified as Amaurochaete fuliginosa by Kupffer), Mezaparks, Riga (6), 15 July 1920, developed from yellowish white plasmodium; No IV 1638/1639 (as A. fuliginosa), two collections from decaying remains of timber fortifications, the hill Lozmetejkalns, Babite, Riga distr. (3), 23 July 1918; No IV 1673 (as A. fuliginosa), on a trunk of Picea abies, between Olaine and Mangali, Olaine, Riga distr. (4), 11 Aug. 1918; No IV 1643 (as A. fuliginosa), on a log of Pinus sylvestris, E from Riga, Stopini [ Flammenhof ], Riga distr. (9), 4 Aug. 1918; No IV 1655, between Pinki and Annas muiza, Babite, Riga distr. (3), 10 Aug. 1918; No IV 1642, on a decaying log in a forest from E from Riga, Stopini [ Flammenhof ], Riga distr. (9), 4 Aug Specimens identified as Amaurocaete fuliginosa by Kupffer are strongly damaged by insects. While examining them, we succeeded to find fragments of capillitium with characteristic for Symphytocarpus flaccidus elongated flakes of peridium; diameter of spores is rather uniform ( µm). TRICHIA SCABRA Rostaf. No IV M 82 (identified as T. varia var. genuina Rostaf. by Kupffer), on a decaying stump, Ozolaine, Riga (6), 11 Nov Elaters ornamented with 3 4 spirals; spores finely reticulated. TRICHIA VARIA (Pers. ex J. F. Gmel.) Pers. No IV M 79**, on a log of Acer platanoides, Ozolaine, Riga (6), 11 Nov

6 6 Folia Cryptog. Estonica TUBIFERA FERRUGINOSA (Batsch) J. F. Gmel. No IV 1350, on a stump, Dzintari, Jurmala (2), 23 Aug. 1913; No IV 1351, [ Am Wege von Wenden zum Duckernschem See ] on a decaying stump, surroundings of Cesis (12), 23 Aug. 1913; No IV 2858, Riga environs (6), collected for an exhibition of mushrooms Sept. 1924, leg. F. E. Stoll, developed from an orange plasmodium. Re-examination of the collection of myxomycetes assembled by Kupffer in and deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Biology the University of Latvia has revealed that it includes 33 species and varieties. Perusal of this material enabled us to uncover 8 taxa reported from the territory of Latvia for the first time. Although the collection is not large and consists of 55 specimens in total, it contains a valuable herbarium material of such rare or uncommon species in the south-eastern Baltic region as Amaurochaete fuliginosa, Lindbladia effusa, Symphytocarpus amaurochaetoides, Physarum citrinum, P. flavicomum, P. globuliferum. Specimens of other, more common myxomycete taxa, from the environs of Riga and other regions of the country serve as reference collections, and therefore, are notable for studies on the distribution of myxomycete species in Latvia. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The visit of the first author to the Herbarium of the Faculty of Biology, the University of Latvia, was supported by the bilateral researcher study exchange programme of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences and the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Authors express their thanks to Mr. M. Petersons for preparing the map and Dr. Habil. Hist., Dr. Geogr. J. Strauhmanis for deciphering old names of localities. REFERENCES Brummitt, R. K. & Powell, C. E. (eds.) Authors of plant names. Kew. 732 pp. Bucholtz, F Verzeichnis der bisher für die Ostseeprovinzen Russlands bekannt gewordenen Myxogasteres. Korrespondenzblatt des Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga 51: Kupffer, K. R Die Naturschonstätte Moritzholm. Arbeiten des Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga Neue Folge 19: Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E A Guide to Temperate Myxomycetes. Bristol. 409 pp. Rothert, W On myxomycetes collected near the Riga city (in Russian). Scripta botanica Horti Univ. Imp. Petropol. Vol. III fasc. 1: 1 13.

7 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: 7 14 (2003) Published on January 28, 2004 The lichen flora and reindeer grazing in the Isortoq area, South West Greenland Eric Steen Hansen 1 & Pipaluk Møller Lund 2 1 Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 130, DK-1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark erich@bot.ku.dk 2 Teknisk etat, Rådhuset, N-2080 Eidsvoll, Norway pipaluk.lund@eidsvoll.kommune.no Abstract: A total of 156 taxa of lichens and a few lichenicolous fungi are reported from the surroundings of the Isortoq Reindeer Station in South West Greenland. The area studied is still moderately grazed, but with increased herd (now about 1400) overgrazing could be easily reached. Kokkuvõte: Edela-Gröönimaa Isortoq'i piirkonna samblikufloora ja põhjapõtrade karjatamine. Edela-Gröönimaa Isortoq'i piirkonnast teatatakse 156 samblikutaksoni ja mõningate lihhenikoolsete seente leidmisest. Uurimisala on mõõdukalt karjatatav, kuid karja kasvu korral (praegu 1400 looma) võib kergesti tekkida ülekarjatamine. INTRODUCTION Dahl (1950) has given an account of the lichenological research work in the southernmost part of South West Greenland up to As early as in J. Vahl made numerous collections of lichens in Julianehåb District (Branth & Grønlund 1888), but also persons such as A. Kornerup, P. Sylow, P. Eberlin and L. Kolderup Rosenvinge have made important contributions to the lichen flora of the southern districts in the 19 th century. These collections consist of both macro- and microlichens. However, although Dahl (1950) published his macrolichen collections, most of his crustose lichens (preserved in Oslo) still remain unpublished. Since 1950 in particular K. Hansen (1971, 1973), E. S. Hansen (1978, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1993, 1995, 1998a &b, 2000 a&b) and Alstrup (1979, 1981, 1982, 1986, 1987) have treated the lichen flora of South West Greenland. While the first author deals with macrolichens only, the two others include both macro- and microlichens in their investigations. Additional information on the lichen flora occurring in the southernmost part of South West Greenland have been given by Böcher (1954), Moberg & Hansen (1986), Hansen & Poelt (1987), Hansen, Poelt & Vezda (1987), Hansen, Poelt & Søchting (1987), Breuss & Hansen (1988) and Hansen & Obermayer (1999). The first author of this paper investigated the lichen flora near Isortoq Reindeer Station in the summer of 1998 (Fig. 1). The main purpose of the investigations was to provide a survey of the lichen flora of the surroundings of the station, but it was also the intention to carry out an estimation of the present degrees of reindeer grazing on lichens in the vicinity of the station. The second author investigated the degrees of reindeer grazing in the whole concession area, a total of 1554 square kilometres, during the summer However, in this paper only the results from the plots situated somewhat south and north of the reindeer station are presented (Fig. 2; II & III). Previously Lund et al. (1996) have mapped the vegetation in the whole reindeer herding area around Isortoq using digital satellite data. Cuyler (1998), who has outlined the history of reindeer husbandry in southern Greenland, states that the Isortoq herd was established by the Greenlander Ole Kristiansen in 1973 with 48 animals. By 1977 the herd numbered c. 300 reindeer. In 1988 the Icelander, Stefan Magnusson became co-owner of the herd, which now numbered about 800 animals. In 1995 the herd size was about 3000 reindeer. After slaughtering the herd size was reduced to c animals in the winter The future winter herd will be kept at c animals in order to avoid overgrazing of the available range. Isortoq (60 59'N, 47 32'W) is located c. 80 km to the west of Narssaq (60 54'W, 46 03'W)

8 8 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Fig. 1. The western part of the Isortoq Reindeer Station. Well developed lichen heaths occur on the top of the ridges (upper right). and about 25 km from the outer coast of South West Greenland (Fig. 2). The station is situated close to the Isortoq Fjord. The distance between Isortoq and the inland ice (Søndre Qipisarqo Bræ) is 4 km, only. The landscape around Isortoq is characterised by its many lakes and up to c. 300 m high ridges and hills. Ketilidian Julianehåb granite rich in biotite and hornblende dominates in the investigation area (Escher & Stuart Watt 1976). It is intersected by more resistant dolerite dykes. According to Feilberg (1984) the Isortoq area is situated in the oceanic, low arctic vegetational zone. Very little meteorological information is available from Isortoq, but its climate presumably is comparable to that of Narssaq. Measurements made by ASIAQ/Grønlands Forundersøgelser show that the mean temperature of July and February is c. 8 C and 8 C, respectively, at Narssaq. The normal annual precipitation is 750 mm. The winter is relatively short. The ground is free of snow already in April. MATERIAL AND METHODS The first author collected lichens at 25 sample plots in the Isortoq area. He also estimated the degrees of reindeer grazing in 9 plots each measuring one square metre. The collections consist of totally 250 lichen specimens, which are deposited at the Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen (C). The lichens were studied with Zeiss light microscopes. 32 numbers have been distributed to selected herbaria as part of the Lichenes Groenlandici Exsiccati (fasc. 16 & 17). The second author measured the degrees of reindeer grazing in 17 plots, each covering one square metre, in the Isortoq area. All plant species occurring in each plot were noted. At the same time the surroundings of the plots were investigated as regards other signs of reindeer activity such as tracks, pellets and grazing on deciduous shrubs. All lichens were identified in the field. The following, somewhat modified version of the system adopted by Norwegians, Lyftingsmo (1974) and Gaare (1978) were used for estimation of the degrees of reindeer grazing on the lichens occurring at Isortoq: 1. Lichen cover slightly grazed. The lichens form up to c. 4 cm high, more or less continuous mats in openings in the dwarf shrub heath (the community is here defined as a lichen heath, if the lichens cover more than 4 5 square metre). One or more spe-

9 9 muricata and Peltigera rufescens. Most lichens are firmly attached to the soil. 4. Lichen cover almost totally grazed and trampled away. Intact lichens cover below 3 % of the area, only. The remaining part of the area is covered by lichen fragments often belonging to species of Cladonia, Stereocaulon or Cetraria. Regenerating podetia of Cladonia stellaris and other species often occur among the lichen remains. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After a list of lichens (and a few lichenicolous fungi) collected by the first author some important floristic observations are presented. Finally the present state of reindeer grazing on lichens in Isortoq area is discussed. Fig. 2. The location of the Isortoq Reindeer Station in South West Greenland. I = area investigated by the first author, II and III = areas investigated by the second author. The small map to the right shows the situation of the Isortoq area in Greenland. cies among Cladonia stellaris, C. mitis, C. stygia, Stereocaulon alpinum and S. paschale are dominant. Other species such as, for example, Flavocetraria nivalis, F. cucullata, Cetraria islandica, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cladonia gracilis and C. amaurocraea, often occur more sparsely among the dominant lichens. 2. Lichen cover moderately grazed. The composition of the lichen vegetation is similar to that of category No. 1, but the lichens occur more scattered on the ground. Their max. height is about 3 cm, and they are generally more loosely attached to the substratum than those of the first group. Lichen remains due to reindeer trampling occur abundantly among the living lichens. 3. Lichen cover heavily grazed. The lichens cover below 5 % of the area, and the max. height of the lichens is c. 1 cm, only. Cladonia stellaris is replaced by other Cladinae or Stereocaulons. Different cup- and pinshaped Cladonia species, for example, Cladonia borealis, C. chlorophaea, C. pyxidata and C. phyllophora, often colonize the bare soil together with species such as Cetraria List of lichens and lichenicolous fungi The following list of 156 taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi is based on the collections of the first author. The lichens are arranged alphabetically. Nomenclature follows mainly Santesson (1993). The following abbreviations are used: ap=apothecia present; pe=perithecia present; st=sterile specimen. 32 numbers of lichens from Isortoq have been distributed previously from herbarium C as Lichenes Groenlandici Exsiccati edited by the first author. The relevant exsiccati numbers are included in the list. ACAROSPORA MOLYBDINA (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. ap ACAROSPORA SMARAGDULA (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. ap ALECTORIA NIGRICANS (Ach.) Nyl. st ALECTORIA OCHROLEUCA (Hoffm.) A. Massal. st ALECTORIA SARMENTOSA (Ach.) Ach. ssp. VEXILLIFERA (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. ap 681 ALLANTOPARMELIA ALPICOLA (Th. Fr.) Essl. ap AMANDINEA CONIOPS (Wahlenb.) Scheid. ap AMYGDALARIA PANAEOLA (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo st ARCTOCETRARIA ANDREJEVII (Oxner) Kärnefelt & A.Thell st 688 ARCTOPARMELIA CENTRIFUGA (L.) Hale st ARCTOPARMELIA INCURVA (Pers.) Hale st ARTHRORHAPHIS ALPINA (Schaer.) R. Sant. ap ASPICILIA MASTRUCATA (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. ap BAEOMYCES RUFUS (Huds.) Rebent. st BELLEMEREA CINEREORUFESCENS (Ach.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux ap BRODOA OROARCTICA (Krog) Goward st BRYOCAULON DIVERGENS (Ach.) Kärnefelt st 702

10 10 Folia Cryptog. Estonica BRYORIA CHALYBEIFORMIS (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. st BRYORIA NITIDULA (Th. Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. st CALOPLACA ALCARUM Poelt ap CALOPLACA FRAUDANS (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier ap CALOPLACA NIVALIS (Körb.) Fr. ap CALOPLACA SCOPULARIS (Nyl.) Lettau ap CANDELARIELLA VITELLINA (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. ap CETRARIA ISLANDICA (L.) Ach. ap 691 CETRARIA MURICATA (Ach.) Eckfeldt st CETRARIA NIGRICANS Nyl. st CETRARIA SEPINCOLA (Ehrh.) Ach. ap CETRARIELLA DELISEI (Bory ex Schaer.) Kärnefelt & A.Thell st 689 CLADONIA AMAUROCRAEA (Flörke) Schaer. ap 697 CLADONIA ARBUSCULA (Wallr.) Flot. ssp. MITIS (Sandst.) Ruoss st 711 CLADONIA BELLIDIFLORA (Ach.) Schaer. ap 709 CLADONIA BOREALIS S. Stenroos st CLADONIA CARNEOLA (Fr.) Fr. ap 703 CLADONIA CHLOROPHAEA (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. st CLADONIA COCCIFERA (L.) Willd. ap CLADONIA CORNUTA (L.) Hoffm. st CLADONIA CRISPATA (Ach.) Flot. st 696, 710 CLADONIA CYANIPES (Sommerf.) Nyl. st CLADONIA DEFORMIS (L.) Hoffm. st CLADONIA ECMOCYNA Leight. ap 701 CLADONIA FIMBRIATA (L.) Fr. st CLADONIA GRACILIS (L.) Willd. st CLADONIA MACROPHYLLA (Schaer.) Stenh. st CLADONIA MACROPHYLLODES Nyl. ap 683 CLADONIA PHYLLOPHORA Hoffm. st CLADONIA PLEUROTA (Flörke) Schaer. st CLADONIA PYXIDATA (L.) Hoffm. ap CLADONIA SQUAMOSA Hoffm. st CLADONIA STELLARIS (Opiz) Pouzar & Vezda st 692 CLADONIA STYGIA (Fr.) Ruoss st 694 CLADONIA SUBULATA (L.) F. H. Wigg. st CLADONIA SULPHURINA (Michx.) Fr. st CLADONIA TRASSII Ahti st CLADONIA UNCIALIS (L.) F. H. Wigg. st 690 EPHEBE HISPIDULA (Ach.) Horw. st EUOPSIS PULVINATA (Schaer.) Vain. ap FLAVOCETRARIA CUCULLATA (Bellardi) Kärnefelt & A.Thell FLAVOCETRARIA NIVALIS (L.) Kärnefelt & A.Thell st 687 FRUTIDELLA CAESIOATRA (Schaer.) Kalb ap HYMENELIA LACUSTRIS (With.) M. Choisy ap ILLOSPORIUM CARNEUM Fr. (on Peltigera didactyla) st LECANORA ATROSULPHUREA (Wahlenb.) Ach. ap st LECANORA CONTRACTULA Nyl. ap LECANORA DISPERSA (Pers.) Sommerf. ap LECANORA INTRICATA (Ach.) Ach. ap LECANORA POLYTROPA (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Rabenh. ap LECANORA STRAMINEA Ach. ap LECIDEA AURICULATA Th. Fr. ap LECIDEA LACTEA Flörke ap LECIDEA LAPICIDA (Ach.) Ach. ap LECIDOMA DEMISSUM (Rutstr.) Gotth. Schneid. & Hertel ap LEPRARIA NEGLECTA (Nyl.) Lettau - MASSALONGIA CARNOSA (Dicks.) Körb. ap 699 MELANELIA COMMIXTA (Nyl.) A.Thell ap MELANELIA HEPATIZON (Ach.) A.Thell. ap MICAREA ASSIMILATA (Nyl.) Coppins ap MIRIQUIDICA ATROFULVA (Sommerf.) A. J. Schwab & Rambold st MIRIQUIDICA NIGROLEPROSA (Vain.) Hertel & Rambold st MYCOBLASTUS ALPINUS (Fr.) Th. Fr. ex Hellb. sp 706 NEPHROMA ARCTICUM (L.) Torss. st 700 NEPHROMA PARILE (Ach.) Ach. st 684 OCHROLECHIA ANDROGYNA (Hoffm.) Arnold st OCHROLECHIA FRIGIDA (Sw.) Lynge ap OCHROLECHIA GRIMMIAE Lynge ap 698 OCHROLECHIA LAPUËNSIS (Räsänen) Räsänen st OCHROLECHIA TARTAREA (L.) A. Massal. ap OMPHALINA HUDSONIANA (H. S. Jenn.) H. E. Bigelow - OPHIOPARMA VENTOSA (L.) Norman ap ORPHNIOSPORA MORIOPSIS (A. Massal.) D. Hawksw. ap PANNARIA PEZIZOIDES (Weber) Trevis. ap PARMELIA OMPHALODES (L.) Ach. st PARMELIA SAXATILIS (L.) Ach. st PARMELIA SULCATA Taylor st PARMELIOPSIS AMBIGUA (Wulfen) Nyl. st PARMELIOPSIS HYPEROPTA (Ach.) Arnold st PELTIGERA APHTHOSA (L.) Willd. st PELTIGERA DIDACTYLA (With.) J. R. Laundon var. EXTENUATA (Nyl. ex Vain) Goffinet & Hastings st PELTIGERA KRISTINSSONII Vitik. ap 682 PELTIGERA LEUCOPHLEBIA (Nyl.) Gyeln. ap PELTIGERA MALACEA (Ach.) Funck st PELTIGERA RUFESCENS (Weiss) Humb. ap PELTIGERA SCABROSA Th. Fr. ap PERTUSARIA CARNEOPALLIDA (Nyl.) Anzi ap PERTUSARIA DACTYLINA (Ach.) Nyl. st PERTUSARIA GEMINIPARA (Th. Fr.) C. Knight ex Brodo ap PERTUSARIA OCULATA (Dicks.) Th. Fr. ap 686

11 11 PHYSCIA CAESIA (Hoffm.) Fürnr. st PHYSCIA DUBIA (Hoffm.) Lettau st PLACOPSIS GELIDA (L.) Linds. st PLATISMATIA GLAUCA (L.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. st 693 PORPIDIA FLAVICUNDA (Ach.) Gowan ap PORPIDIA MELINODES (Körb.) Gowan & Ahti st PROTOPARMELIA BADIA (Hoffm.) Hafellner ap PSEUDEPHEBE MINUSCULA (Nyl. ex Arnold) Brodo & D. Hawksw. st PSEUDEPHEBE PUBESCENS (L.) M. Choisy st PSOROMA HYPNORUM (Vahl) Gray ap RHAGADOSTOMA LICHENICOLA (De Not.) Keissl. (on Solorina crocea). pe RHIZOCARPON BADIOATRUM (Flörke ex Spreng.) Th. Fr. ap RHIZOCARPON COPELANDII (Körb.) Fr. ap RHIZOCARPON GEOGRAPHICUM (L.) DC. ap RHIZOCARPON GRANDE (Flörke) Arnold ap RHIZOCARPON INARENSE (Vain.) Vain. ap RHIZOCARPON OBSCURATUM (Ach.) A. Massal. ap RHIZOCARPON PRAEBADIUM (Nyl.) Zahlbr. ap RHIZOCARPON RITTOKENSE (Hellb.) Th. Fr. ap RINODINA CACUMINUM (Th. Fr.) Malme ap SOLORINA CROCEA (L.) Ach. ap 685 SPHAEROPHORUS FRAGILIS (L.) Pers. ap SPHAEROPHORUS GLOBOSUS (Huds.) Vain. ap 704 SPORASTATIA TESTUDINEA (Ach.) A. Massal. ap STEREOCAULON ALPINUM Laurer st 705 STEREOCAULON ARCTICUM Lynge st STEREOCAULON ARENARIUM (Savicz) I. M. Lamb st STEREOCAULON PASCHALE (L.) Hoffm. st 695 STEREOCAULON RIVULORUM H. Magn. st STEREOCAULON VESUVIANUM Pers. st TEPHROMELA AGLAEA (Sommerf.) Hertel & Rambold ap TEPHROMELA ARMENIACA (DC.) Hertel & Rambold ap THAMNOLIA SUBULIFORMIS (Ehrh.) Culb. TREMOLECIA ATRATA (Ach.) Hertel ap UMBILICARIA ARCTICA (Ach.) Nyl. ap UMBILICARIA CINEREORUFESCENS (Schaer.) Frey st UMBILICARIA DEUSTA (L.) Baumg. st UMBILICARIA HAVAASII Llano st UMBILICARIA HYPERBOREA (Ach.) Hoffm. ap 707 UMBILICARIA POLYPHYLLA (L.) Baumg. st 680 UMBILICARIA PROBOSCIDEA (L.) Schrad. ap UMBILICARIA TORREFACTA (Lightf.) Schrad. ap UMBILICARIA VELLEA (L.) Hoffm. st UMBILICARIA VIRGINIS Schaer. ap VERRUCARIA MAURA Wahlenb. ap XANTHOPARMELIA CONSPERSA (Ach.) Hale st XANTHORIA BOREALIS R. Sant. & Poelt ap 708 XANTHORIA ELEGANS (Link) Th. Fr. ap Floristic observations of particular interest Lichens were collected in the following types of plant communities around Isortoq: willow copses, mixed dwarf shrub heaths, lichen heaths, fell-fields, snow patches and epilithic lichen communities on granite and dolerite, respectively. In the following some selected floristic observations are briefly described: Frutedella caesioatra grows on Andreaea and other mosses together with, for example, Caloplaca nivalis. It is an occasional member of a characteristic community associated with moist, vertical rock faces with more or less distinct limonite crusts (Hansen 1999). The species, which was found growing on granite rocks near the reindeer station, occurs scattered in South West and Central West Greenland (Branth & Grønlund 1888; Lynge 1937; Hansen 2000a). It is very rare in East Greenland (Lynge 1932, 1940). Mycoblastus alpinus (Exs. No. 706) occurs on dead mosses and other plant remains in a fell-field community with, for example, Flavocetraria nivalis and Sphaerophorus globosus just west of the station. It has previously been reported from a few localities in South West and Central West Greenland (Lynge 1937). Contrary to Mycoblastus sanguinarius, M. alpinus lacks the red pigment, rhodocladonic acid (Thomson 1997). Pertusaria carneopallida was found growing on a twig of Betula glandulosa in a dwarf shrub heath close to the station. Here it is associated with Cetraria sepincola and Parmeliopsis hyperopta. Skytte Christiansen and Hansen (2000) previously collected the species on bark of Alnus, which is its most important substrate in South West Greenland. In addition Alstrup (1982) reports it from Betula pubescens and Sorbus groenlandica. The present finds of Frutidella caesioatra, Mycoblastus alpinus and Pertusaria carneopallida are so far the southernmost in Greenland. Estimation of the degrees of reindeer grazing on lichens in the Isortoq area The lichen cover in the following three types of plant communities near the Isortoq Reindeer Station (Area I, Fig. 2) has been grazed by reindeer:

12 12 Folia Cryptog. Estonica 1. Lichen heaths dominated by Cladonia stellaris, C. mitis and C. stygia (2 plots). Such heath patches occur in a few places near the station, for example, on the top of a ridge just west of the station. Cladonia mitis and Flavocetraria nivalis occur rather abundantly in these heaths, while species such as Cetraria islandica, Flavocetraria cucullata, Alectoria ochroleuca and Cladonia amaurocraea cover small areas, only. Cladonia stellaris and C. mitis show the greatest damages (although partly regenerating podetia of C. stellaris are sometimes seen ), and these two species accordingly have been preferred by the grazing reindeer (Fig. 3). The lichens cover up to more than 90 % of the area, and the max. height of the lichens varies from 3 to 4 cm. Different dwarf shrub species, for example, Betula glandulosa and Vaccinium uliginosum, form the remaining part of the plots. The lichen heaths are estimated to be slightly to moderately grazed by reindeer, respectively. 2. Mixed dwarf shrub heaths composed by Betula glandulosa, Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium uliginosum and Salix glauca (3 plots). Stereocaulon alpinum and S. paschale are often the dominant lichens in these heaths, but species such as, for example, Cladonia mitis, C. stygia and Flavocetraria nivalis are of great importance, too. The lichen cover in the 3 plots is slightly grazed, only. 3. Willow copses (2 plots). Openings in Salix glauca-scrubs are often covered by lichens such as Cladonia mitis, C. stygia, Stereocaulon paschale, Cetraria islandica and Nephroma arcticum. The lichen cover is grazed to a small extent in one plot (the reindeer apparently avoid Nephroma arcticum), but an open copse with Cetraria islandica appears to have been heavily grazed and/or trampled by reindeer. Most thalli of Cetraria islandica were very loosely attached to the ground, and the area apparently was strongly disturbed. Two plant communities, viz. snow patches dominated by Salix herbacea and rich in lichens such as Cladonia mitis, C. stygia, C. ecmocyna, C. bellidiflora and Peltigera malacea (1 plot), and fell-fields dominated by, for example, Platismatia glauca and Alectoria sarmentosa ssp. vexillifera (1 plot), probably also have been grazed by reindeer, but grazing of, in particular, fell-field vegetation is very difficult to estimate, because strong winds often influence and disturb the lichens to a considerable extent. The lichen cover has been grazed by reindeer in the following plant communities in area II and III (Fig. 2), respectively: 1. Lichen heaths dominated by Cladonia mitis and C. stygia (3 plots). The vegetation is also composed by species such as Flavocetraria nivalis, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia gracilis and C. bellidiflora. The lichen cover varies from 40 to 60 % of the plots. Dwarf shrub species such as Betula glandulosa, Empetrum hermaphroditum and Vaccinium uliginosum compose the remaining part of the plots. The max. height of the lichens is 6 cm. Two plots have been moderately grazed, and one slightly grazed. 2. Mixed dwarf shrub heaths (7 plots). Species such as Betula glandulosa, Empetrum hermaphroditum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix glauca and Juniperus communis are of great importance in these heaths, which also contains the following lichens: Stereocaulon paschale, Flavocetraria nivalis, Cladonia mitis and C. stygia. The lichen cover varies from 3 to 30 % of the area, and the max. height of the lichens is 5 cm. Five plots have been moderately grazed, and one has been slightly grazed. 3. Willow copses (5 plots). The bottom layer in the scrubs formed by Salix glauca is composed by different dwarf shrubs, mosses, grasses and lichens, for example, Cladonia stygia, C. mitis and Flavocetraria nivalis. The lichen cover varies from 5 to 30 % of the area, and the max. height of the lichens is 4 cm. Four plots have been moderately grazed, and one has been heavily grazed. 4. Carex bigelowii-salix herbacea snow patch (1 plot). Cetraria islandica covers 2 % of the plot. Its max. height is 1 cm. The plot has been slightly grazed. 5. A fen dominated by Eriophorum angustifolium appears to have been slightly grazed. However, no lichens occur in this plot.

13 13 Fig. 3. Slightly grazed lichen heath dominated by Cladonia stellaris, C. mitis and C. stygia. CONCLUSION Most of the investigated plots in Isortoq area appear to have been moderately grazed by reindeer. Somewhat fewer have been slightly grazed, and only one or two plots have been heavily grazed. Evidently a large winter herd may easily overgraze the lichens in the Isortoq area. Monitoring of grazing and range conditions, therefore, will be continued. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first author wish to thank Ole Kristiansen and Stefan Magnusson for their hospitality and practical help during his visit at Isortoq. His study received financial support from the Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland. REFERENCES Alstrup, V Notes on selected Greenlandic Lichens. Botanisk Tidsskrift 74: Alstrup, V Notes on some lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Greenland. Nordic Journal of Botany 1: Alstrup, V The epiphytic lichens of Greenland. Bryologist 85: Alstrup, V Contributions to the lichen flora of Greenland. International Journal of Mycology and Lichenology 3: Alstrup, V Lichens new to Greenland. Graphis Scripta 1: Branth, J. S. D. & Grønlund, C Grønlands Lichen-Flora. Meddelelser om Grønland 3: Böcher, T. W Oceanic and continental vegetational complexes in southwest Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 148(1):

14 14 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Breuss, O. & Hansen, E. S The lichen genera Catapyrenium and Placidiopsis in Greenland. Plant Systematics and Evolution 159: Cuyler, C Success and failure of reindeer herding in Greenland. Proceedings of the tenth nordic conference on reindeer research, Kautokeino, Norway, March, Rangifer Report 3: Dahl, E Studies in the macrolichen flora of South West Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland 150(2): Escher, A. & Stuart Watt, W Geology of Greenland. The Geological Survey of Greenland. Copenhagen. 603 pp. Feilberg, J A phytogeographical study of South Greenland. Vascular plants. Meddelelser om Grønland, Bioscience 15: Gaare, E Villreinbeiting i sør-norske fjellstrøk. Duplicated report. Oslo. Hansen, E. S A comparison between the lichen flora of coastal and inland areas in the Julianehåb District. Meddelelser om Grønland 204(3): Hansen, E. S Additions to the lichen flora of Greenland. Mycotaxon 18: Hansen, E. S Notes on new revisions of Greenlandic lichens II. Mycotaxon 21: Hansen, E. S New or interesting Greenland lichens III. Mycotaxon 26: Hansen, E. S The lichen flora of coastal and inland areas in the Godthåb fjord and the Ameralik fjord, southwestern Greenland. Mycotaxon 48: Hansen, E. S Greenland lichens. Atuagkat, Rhodos and Danish Polar Center. Copenhagen. 124 pp. Hansen, E. S. 1998a. Notes on some new and interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Greenland. Graphis Scripta 9: 7 9. Hansen, E. S. 1998b. The lichen flora near Sisimiut, Kangaamiut and Maniitsoq in central West Greenland. Herzogia 13: Hansen, E. S. 2000a. A comparison among the lichen floras of three climatically different localities in South West Greenland. Mycotaxon 74: Hansen, E. S. 2000b. A contribution to the lichen flora of the Kangerlussuaq area, West Greenland. Cryptogamie, Mycol. 21: Hansen, E. S. & Obermayer, W Notes on Arthrorhaphis and its lichenicolous fungi in Greenland. Bryologist 102: Hansen, E. S. & Poelt, J New or interesting Greenland lichens IV. Mycotaxon 30: Hansen, E. S., Poelt, J. & Vezda, A The lichen genera Gyalecta, Gyalidea and Sagiolechia in Greenland. Herzogia 7: Hansen, E. S., Poelt, J. & Søchting, U Die Flectengattung Caloplaca in Grönland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Bioscience 25: Hansen, K Lichens in South Greenland, distribution and ecology. Meddelelser om Grønland 178(6): Hansen, K Microthermic observations in arctic vegetation. Meddelelser om Grønland 194(6): Lund, P. M., Karlsen, S. R., Villmo, L.; Motzfeldt, K., Johansen, B. & Høgda, K.-A Vegetations- og føderessourcekortlægning baseret på satellitdata i tamrenområdet Isortoq, Sydvestgrønland. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources. Nuuk. 62 pp. Lyftingsmo, E Norske fjellbeite Oversyn over fjellbeite i Troms og Nordre del av Nordland. Det kgl. Selskap for Norges Vel. Mosjøen. Lynge, B Lichens from South East Greenland, collected in 1931 on Norwegian expeditions. Skr. Svalbard & Ishavet 45: Lynge, B Lichens from West Greenland, collected chiefly by Th. M. Fries. Meddelelser om Grønland 118(8): Lynge, B Lichens from North East Greenland. II. Microlichens. Skr. Svalbard & Ishavet 81: Moberg, R. & Hansen, E. S The lichen genus Physcia and allied genera in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Bioscience 22: Santesson, R The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sweden and Norway. SBT -förlaget. Lund. 240 pp. Thomson, J. W American arctic lichens. II. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press. Wisconsin. 675 pp.

15 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: (2003) Published on January 28, 2004 Synopsis of the species of the family Lyophyllaceae (Tricholomatales) in Nordic countries Kuulo Kalamees Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, Tartu. Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, 181 Riia St, Tartu, Estonia. Abstract: A checklist of 25 definite species from seven genera of the family Lyophyllaceae (Tricholomatales) in Nordic countries with distribution data is presented. Kokkuvõte: K. Kalamees. Kobarheinikuliste sugukonna (Lyophyllaceae, Tricholomatales) Põhjamaade liikide konspekt. Esitatakse kriitiline nimestik koos levikuandmetega kobarheinikuliste sugukonna 7 perekonna 25 liigi esinemise kohta Põhjamaades. INTRODUCTION In this synopsis, 25 definite species from seven genera of the family Lyophyllaceae in Denmark (DEN), Iceland (ICE), Norway (NOR), Sweden (SWE) and Finland (FIN) are presented. The genus Tephrocybe Donk is not treated in this study. Abbreviations used for biogeographic provinces of Nordic countries are given according to Hansen & Knudsen (1992). The survey is based on fungus specimens studied critically by the author in herbaria C (Copenhagen), TAA (Tartu), H (Helsinki), JOE (Joensuu), OULU (Oulu), TUR, TURA (Turku), O(Oslo), TRH (Trondheim), UPS (Uppsala), S (Stockholm), LE (St Petersburg) (in the text below denoted by an exclamation mark,!), and on literature data by Gulden (1992, 1993). Lyophyllum crassifolium s. Lange, 1935, recorded in Denmark only (cf. Gulden, 1992) is an insufficiently studied species and needs further revision. LIST OF SPECIES LYOPHYLLUM P. Karst. (s.str.) LYOPHYLLUM INFUMATUM (Bres.) Kühner, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 7: Syn.: L. deliberatum s. Gulden, On the ground in forests from temperate to boreal zones, Aug Sep, rare. DEN, NOR, SWE (Bl, Gstr, Upl)!, FIN (EH, U)! LYOPHYLLUM MACROSPORUM Singer, Ann. Mycol. 41: On the ground in coniferous and mixed forests in hemiboreal zone, Sep, very rare. NOR (STr)!, SWE (Upl)!, FIN (A)! LYOPHYLLUM LEUCOPHAEATUM (P. Karst.) P. Karst., Acta Soc. Fauna Fl. Fennica 2 (1): Syn.: L. gangraenosum (Fr.) Gulden, 1991; L. fumatofoetens (Secr.) Jul. Schäff., 1947, inval. On the ground in forests from temperate to boreal zones, July Nov, rare to common. DEN, NOR, SWE (Mpd, Upl)!, FIN (A, EH, EK, KP, PK, U, VS)! LYOPHYLLUM SEMITALE (Fr.: Fr.) Kühner, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 7: On the ground in coniferous forests from temperate to boreal zones, Sep Oct, rare. NOR, SWE (Srm, Mpd, Upl)!, FIN (EH, PK, St, V)! LYOPHYLLUM TRANSFORME (Britzelm.) Singer, Ann. Mycol. 41: Syn.: L. trigonosporum (Bres.) Kühner, On the ground in forests from temperate to boreal zones, Aug, rare. DEN, NOR (Busk), SWE, FIN (EH)! LYOPHYLLUM CONOCEPHALUM (P. Karst.) Clémencon, Sydowia 34: Syn.: Collybia conocephala P. Karst., In coniferous forests in boreal zone, Sep, very rare (only 1 locality). FIN (EH)! Recollected in Switzerland in 1977 (cf. Clémencon, 1981). L YOPHYLLUM CONNATUM (Schumach.: Fr.) Singer, Schweiz. Z. Pilzk. 17: On the ground in parks, lawns, avenues, roadsides, gardens, ruderal places, forests, tundra from temperate to arctic/alpine zones, Aug Oct, common to occasional. DEN, ICE, NOR (Nordl, Østf, STr)!, SWE!, FIN (U)!

16 16 Folia Cryptog. Estonica LYOPHYLLUM DECASTES (Fr.: Fr.) Singer, Lilloa 22: On the ground in parks, lawns, avenues, brushwoods, ruderal places, forests from temperate to boreal zones, Aug Oct, common to occasional. DEN, NOR, SWE (Nrk)!, FIN (Ks, PeP, PK, U, V)! LYOPHYLLUM FUMOSUM (Pers. s. Fr.: Fr.) P.D. Orton, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 43: On the ground, exceptionally on very decayed wood, from temperate to arctic/alpine zones, July Oct, rare to common. DEN, ICE, NOR (Finnm)!, SWE (Mdp)!, FIN (EH, EP, ES, InL, KP, Ks, PH, SoL, U)! LYOPHYLLUM LORICATUM (Fr.) Kühner, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 7: On the ground in parks, roadsides, verdures, deciduous forests in temperate and hemiboreal zones, Oct, rare. DEN, SWE, FIN (U)! HYPSIZYGUS Singer HYPSIZYGUS ULMARIUS (Bull.: Fr.) Redhead, Trans. mycol. Soc. Japan 25: Parasitically or saprotrophically on wood of deciduous trees from temperate to arctic/alpine zones, Aug Nov, rare to occasional. DEN, NOR (STr)!, SWE (Vg)!, FIN (EH, InL, Kn, Ks, PK, St, SoL, U, V)! GERHARDTIA Bon GERHARDTIA BOREALIS (Fr.) Contu & A. Ortega, Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 26: Syn.: G. incarnatobrunnea (Ew. Gerhardt) Bon, 1994; Calocybe civilis (Fr.) Gulden, On the ground in coniferous forests, Sep, rare. NOR (Akh, Busk), SWE (Sm), FIN (EH)! CALOCYBE Kühner ex Donk (s. str.) CALOCYBE GAMBOSA (Fr.: Fr.) Singer ex Donk, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 5: Syn.: C. georgii (L.) Kühner ex Kalamees, 1994, nom. superf.; Tricholoma graveolens (Pers. s. Fr.: Fr.) P. Kumm., On the ground, often in fairy rings, in grasslands, meadows, pastures, hayfields, lawns, parks, gardens, deciduous forests from temperate to boreal zones, vernal (May June), occasionally autumnal (Sep), common to rare. DEN, NOR, SWE (Uppl)!, FIN. CALOCYBE FAVREI (R. Haller Aar. & R. Haller Suhr) Bon Syn.: Lyophyllum favrei R. Haller Aar. & R. Haller Suhr, Schweiz. Z. Pilzk. 28 (4): On the ground in deciduous forests in hemiboreal zone, Sep, very rare (only 1 locality). FIN (V)! TRICHOLOMELLA Zerova ex Kalamees TRICHOLOMELLA CONSTRICTUM (Fr.) Zerova ex Kalamees, Persoonia 14 (4): Syn.: T. leucocephalum (Fr.) Zerova, 1974, inval. On the ground in manured lawns, parks and pastures from temperate to boreal zones, July Nov, rare. DEN, NOR (Østf, Akh, Vestf), SWE (Mpd, Sm, Srm, Upl)!, FIN (EH, ES, U, V)! RUGOSOMYCES Raithelh. RUGOSOMYCES CHRYSENTERON (Bull.: Fr.) Bon, Doc. Mycol. 21 (82): Syn.: Calocybe cerina s. auct. eur. mult. p.p. On the ground, seldom on very decayed wood in forests from temperate to boreal zones, Aug Oct, rare. DEN!, NOR (Akh), SWE (Upl)!, FIN (PS)! RUGOSOMYCES FALLAX (Peck ex Sacc.) Bon, Doc. Mycol. 21 (82): Syn.: Calocybe naucoria (Murrill) Singer, 1962; C. cerina s. auct. eur. mult. p.p. On the ground, seldom on very decayed wood in forests and tundra from temperate to arctic/alpine zones, Aug Nov, rare to common. DEN, ICE, NOR!, SWE (Mpd, Sm, Upl, Vsm)!, FIN (EH, InL, Kn, KP, KiL, Ks, OP, PH, PK, PS, SoL, V)! RUGOSOMYCES OBSCURATUS (P. Karst.) Kalamees, Doc. Mycol. 25 (98-100): Syn.: Tricholoma cerinum subsp. obscuratum P. Karst., On the ground in coniferous and mixed forests in boreal zone, Aug Nov, very rare (only in type locality in Mustiala, Finland). FIN (EH)! RUGOSOMYCES ONYCHINUS (Fr.) Raithelh., Metrodiana 9 (2): On the ground in coniferous forests in hemiboreal and boreal zones, Aug Sep, rare. NOR (Busk), SWE (Mpd)!, FIN (KiL, PeP, PS)! RUGOSOMYCES CARNEUS (Bull.: Fr.) Bon, Doc. Mycol. 21 (82): On the ground in open grasslands, lawns, tundra from temperate to arctic/alpine zones, July Sep, rare to common. DEN, ICE, NOR (M&R)!, SWE (Upl)!, FIN (EH, OP)! RUGOSOMYCES IONIDES (Bull.: Fr.) Bon, Doc. Mycol. 21 (82): On the ground in forests in temperate and hemiboreal zones, Aug, rare. DEN, SWE, FIN (U)!

17 17 RUGOSOMYCES OBSCURISSIMUS (A. Pearson) Bon, Doc. Mycol. 21 (82): On the ground in temperate and arctic/alpine zones, Aug Sep, very rare. DEN (Sj)!, FIN (InL)! RUGOSOMYCES PERSICOLOR (Fr.) Bon, Doc. Mycol. 21 (82): Syn.: Calocybe carnea s. auct. mult. eur. p.p. On the ground in coniferous and mixed forests, grasslands, lawns, parks from hemiboreal to arctic/ alpine zones, July Nov, rather common. DEN, NOR (Finnm)!, SWE (Dlr, Gtl, Gstr, Sm, Upl, Vg, Vsm)!, FIN (EH, EP, OP, PeP, PH, PS, St, U, V)! ASTEROPHORA Ditmar ex Link: Fr. ASTEROPHORA LYCOPERDOIDES (Bull.) Ditmar: Fr., Syst. Mycol. 3: Parasitically on basidiocarps of Russulales (Russula, Lactarius) from temperate to boreal zones, July Sep, occasional to rare. DEN, NOR, SWE (Upl)!, FIN (EH, EK, ES, LK, St, U, V)! ASTEROPHORA PARASITICA (Pers.: Fr.) Singer, Lilloa 22: Parasitically on basidiocarps of Russulales (Russula, Lactarius) in temperate and hemiboreal zones, Aug Oct, rare to occasional. DEN, NOR (M&R)!, SWE (Gtl, Vg)!, FIN (A, V, U)! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the directors and curators of the herbaria C, H, JOE, LE, O, OULU, S, TAA, TRH, TURA, TUR, UPS; Mrs. M. Roos for the revision of the English text. REFERENCES Clémencon, H Bemerkungen zu Lyophyllum conocephalum (Karsten) eine seltene Art der Agaricales. Sydowia 34: Gulden, G Asterophora Ditm.: Fr., Calocybe Donk, Hypsizygus Sing., Lyophyllum Karst. In Nordic macromycetes 2 (eds Hansen, L. & Knudsen, H.), pp , 129, Copenhagen. Gulden, G Calocybe civilis (Fr.) Gulden comb. nov., an agaric new to Norway. Blyttia 3 4: Hansen, L. & Knudsen, H. (eds) Nordic macromycetes 2. Copenhagen. 474 pp.

18 18 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

19 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: (2003) Published on January 28, 2004 Composition and substrata of forest lichens in Estonia: a meta-analysis Piret Lõhmus Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, Estonia pisi@ut.ee Abstract: Species richness, composition and substratum use of forest lichens in Estonia were studied by re-analysing published and unpublished reports (incl. 13 quantitative studies). A total of 481 species of lichenised, lichenicolous and systematically allied fungi were confirmed; their probable number reached 599 species (195 macrolichens, and 404 microlichens and lichenicolous fungi). The eight most frequent species were present in all but 1 2 studies, whereas 47% of species occurred in only 1 2 studies. Calicioid, cetrarioid, cladonioid, parmelioid, pendulous, sorediate crustose and lichenicolous and parasitic species totalled nearly half (46 %) the lichen species in Estonian forests. The highest number of unique species has been recorded on living trees, but different substrata have not been equally researched. Ground and coarse woody debris (e.g., snags with exposed wood) were found to be inhabited by a relatively high number of species. According to species composition, there were five distinct substratum groups for the Estonian forest lichens broad-leaved trees, common deciduous and coniferous trees, branches and undergrowth, windthrows, and other ground-level substrata. Gaps in knowledge and directions for future research are discussed. Kokkuvõte: Metsasamblike kooseis ja kasvupinnad Eestis: meta-analüüs. Avaldatud ja avaldamata andmete põhjal (s.h. 13 kvantitatiivset uurimust) analüüsiti Eesti metsade samblike liigilist koosseisu ja kasvupindade kasutust. Tehti kindlaks 481 sambliku-, lihhenikoolse- ja süstemaatiliselt neile lähedaste seeneliigi esinemine, kuid tõenäoline arv võib küündida 599 liigini (nendest 195 suursamblikku ja 404 pisisamblikku ning lihhenikoolset seent). Kõige sagedasemad kaheksa liiki puudusid ühes-kahes töös, seevastu 47% liikidest esines vaid ühes või kahes uurimuses. Eestis esinevatest metsasasamblikest moodustavad ligi poole (46%) jalgsambliku-, käokõrva-, porosambliku- ja lapiksamblikulaadsed, rippuva tallusega suursamblikud, soredioossed kooriksamblikud ning lihhenikoolsed seened. Suurim unikaalsete liikide arv registreeriti elusatel puudel, kuid kasvupindade uurituse tase on väga erinev. Üsna suur hulk liike kasvab ka maapinnal ja jämedamõõtmelistel surnud puudel (nt. tüügaspuudel). Samblike liigilise koosseisu põhjal eristus viis kasvupinna rühma: laialehised puud, tavalised leht- ja okaspuud, oksad ja põõsad, tuuleheited ning maapinna tasemel olevad kasvupinnad. Artiklis arutletakse ka teadmiste puudujääkide ning edasiste uurimissuundade üle. INTRODUCTION Forests cover a large part of Estonian territory (in upper Holocene about 85%, currently 51.5%; Laasimer 1965, Kohava 2001) and probably host more than multi-cellular species (Lõhmus et al. 2003). Deforestation in Estonia has increased significantly during the last decade, which underscores the need for preservation of biodiversity. This requires knowledge of species composition and habitat, which is lacking with respect to lichens in Estonia. Knowledge of lichens could also be integrated in forest management (e.g. Kuusinen & Siitonen 1998, Hazell & Gustafsson 1999, Lõhmus & Lõhmus 2001, Hilmo & Såstad 2001) and designation of protected areas (Andersson et al. 2003). Although Estonian lichen flora is well-documented (Randlane & Saag 1999, Randlane et al. 2003), species richness, composition and substratum habitat in forests remains ambiguous. Before the late 1980s, only a few case studies had been published, notably the monograph by Sõmermaa (1972) on the ecology of epiphytic forest lichens in principal Estonian forest types. Nilson (1993) has monitored a pine forest of the island of Vilsandi since More intensive investigations began in the 1990s under the auspices of large conservation-aimed projects, such as the Estonian Forest Conservation Areas Network (Lõhmus & Suija 1998, Jüriado et al. 2003), Forest Ecological Monitoring in the Baltic Countries (Martin & Martin 1998, 2000), management planning and research in nature reserves (Lõhmus 1997, Suija 1997, Lõhmus & Lõhmus 2001), and Estonian Science Foundation grants (Trass 1999, Trass et al. 1999). In addition to forest studies, Sander (1984, 1999) conducted comprehensive investigations of lichens in rural parks.

20 20 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Although some species have been overlooked in earlier studies, the existing data are suitable for general characterisation of forest lichen flora in Estonia. In this study, I pooled material from previous studies and the herbarium of TU to 1) estimate the species richness of forest lichens in Estonia, 2) analyse species composition, frequency and substratum use, and 3) discuss the gaps in knowledge and directions of future research. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study concerned lichenised fungi (true lichens), fungi that are systematically related to lichens, and lichenicolous fungi, which inhabit or can possibly inhabit forests. These fungi were collectively designated forest lichens and identified with the species nomenclature of Randlane et al. (2003). Forests are vegetation unions with trees as edificator species (Masing 1992). Clear cuts and open burnt areas on forestland were disregarded. The material was collected from published and unpublished reports (mainly dissertations and reports in the library of TU), including whenever possible raw data. In general, only studies with validated forest data were considered. For the species list, studies of rural parks and wooded-meadows were also partly included (see below), because these habitats could be refugia for lichens that historically inhabited old boreonemoral forests. Such forests are now rare and threatened in Estonia (Paal 1998). Of the 24 studies considered, quantitative data were available from 13 studies (Table 1). The study areas are located throughout mainland Estonia, although fewer investigations concern forests in western Estonia and on the islands (Fig. 1). To estimate species richness and composition of forest lichens, species lists were compiled in three steps. First, all species were listed from selected studies during (Table 1, categories A and B). Second, a list was compiled of all other epiphytic, epixylic, epigeic and epilithic species found in Estonia according to Randlane and Saag (1999) and Randlane et al. (2003). Collection details of these species were verified from TU or original literature sources, and species with at least one recorded forest occurrence were added to the list of certifiable forest lichens. Finally, species found in rural parks and wooded meadows, and other remaining species likely to inhabit bark, wood or ground in forests were included on a list of probable forest lichens. The third step was undertaken mainly because investigations of Fig. 1. Areas of forest lichen studies in Estonia. See Table 1 for abbreviations.

21 21 Table 1. Lichen studies in Estonian forests, parks and wooded meadows. Studies A1, A6, A11 and B4 treat only macrolichens. Abbreviations: * raw data available for this analysis, all all natural substrata, L living tree, S snag, G ground. Code Reference Included lists no. description Substrata A. Quantitative studies in forests A1 Soe plots in two types of heath forest G A2* Sõmermaa tree species of 2 age classes 1 in 7 forest types L A3 Nilson one permanent plot in a pine forest L A4* Lõhmus representative forest stands of the reserve all A5* Suija representative forest stands of the reserve all A6 Martin & Martin tree species in 116 random forest plots L A7* Lõhmus & Suija pre-selected natural forest stands all A7* Jüriado et al pre-selected natural forest stands all A8 Nilson & Piin different forested islands L A9* Lõhmus representative forest stands of the reserve all A10* Trass old-growth and managed forest stands L A11 Martin & Martin random forest plots L A12* Lõhmus & Lõhmus 2001, 12 4 tree species 3 tree types in random forest plots LS Lõhmus et al B. Species lists from forests B1 Sõmermaa A permanent plot in a spruce forest L B2 Sander representative forest stands of the reserve all B3 Martin & Nilson plots in pine forests L B4 Martin two tree species in permanent forest plot L C. Quantitative studies in forests, but no data available for re-analysis C1 Senkevitsh 1994 pines in three permanent plots L C2 Nilson 1995 pines in forest stand L C3 Tääkre 1989 four tree species L C4 Trass et al preselected natural stands all D. Studies in parks and wooded meadows D1 Sander representative park stands of the reserve L D2* Suija trees in Tõramaa wooded meadow L D3 Sander 1999 random broad-leaved trees in countryside parks L 1 Original five age classes were pooled into two (old and young) age classes. some forest types (e.g., boreo-nemoral forests) have been inadequate and because habitat is often unaddressed in the publications or the herbarium material. Frequency estimation of Estonian lichens has been based previously on the number of localities, divided into six frequency classes (Randlane & Saag 1999). In this study, three quantitative characteristics were calculated for each species to distinguish between distribution and local abundance, and to obtain a continuous scale of frequency: (1) the number of studies in which a species was identified (max. 17 for macro- and 13 for microlichens); (2) the average abundance and (3) the maximum frequency among the species lists in the studies (only studies with more than ten species lists were included, totalling 12 studies for macro- and 8 for microlichens). Substratum data were collected from all lichen studies (categories A and B, except B2; see Table 1). Ward s method of cluster analysis (Statistica 6.0 software) was used to group substrata according to species composition. For the cluster analysis, only substrata with more than 40 observations (and additionally, the species-poor windfalls having 15 observations) were considered.

22 22 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Table 2. True lichens, lichenicolous fungi (#) and non-lichenized fungi (+) species recorded in Estonian forests (macrolichens in bold), the number of studies where they occurred (max. 17 for macro- and 13 for microlichens), and frequency (%) among species lists. The species extinct or probably extinct in Estonia are marked with an asterisk (*). Abbreviations. Frequency classes in Estonia following Randlane & Saag (1999): rr very rare (1 2 localities in Estonia), r rare (3 5), st r rather rare (6 10) st fq rather frequent (11 20), fq frequent (21 50), fqq very frequent (51 or more localities). Ecological groups: CAL calicioid lichens and fungi, CYA cyanobacterial macrolichens, LICH lichenicolous or parasitic lichens and fungi, SOR sorediate, crustose lichens. Morphological groups: CET cetrarioid lichens, CLA cladonioid lichens, LECI lecideoid lichens, PAR parmelioid macrolichens, PEN pendulous lichens, PHY physcioid macrolichens. No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 1 # Abrothallus bertianus rr LICH 2 # Abrothallus peyritschii r LICH 3 # Abrothallus prodiens rr LICH 4 Absconditella lignicola rr 5 Acrocordia cavata st fq 6 Acrocordia gemmata fq 7 Alectoria sarmentosa r PEN 8 Amandinea punctata fq 9 Anaptychia ciliaris fqq PHY 10 Anisomeridium biforme rr 11 Anisomeridium polypori rr 12 Arthonia apatetica r 13 Arthonia byssacea st r 14 Arthonia didyma r 15 Arthonia dispersa r 16 Arthonia incarnata rr 17 Arthonia leucopellaea fqq 18 Arthonia mediella st fq 19 Arthonia punctiformis st r 20 Arthonia radiata fq 21 Arthonia spadicea fq 22 Arthonia vinosa fq 23 Arthopyrenia grisea rr 24 Arthopyrenia punctiformis st r Arthopyrenia sp Arthothelium ruanum fq 26 Arthothelium scandinavicum st r 27 Arthothelium spectabile rr 28 # Athelia arachnoidea fq LICH 29 Bacidia arceutina fq 30 Bacidia bagliettoana st fq 31 Bacidia beckhausii st fq 32 Bacidia biatorina rr 33 Bacidia fraxinea fqq 34 Bacidia globulosa st fq 35 Bacidia incompta r 36 Bacidia laurocerasi st r 37 Bacidia polychroa st fq 38 Bacidia rubella fq 39 Bacidia subincompta st fq 40 Bacidina arnoldiana r 41 Bacidina phacodes st r

23 23 Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 42 Bactrospora dryina rr 43 Baeomyces carneus r 44 Baeomyces rufus fq 45 Biatora chrysantha rr LECI/SOR 46 Biatora efflorescens fq LECI 47 Biatora helvola fq LECI 48 Biatora ocelliformis st fq LECI 49 Biatora vernalis st r LECI 50 Biatoridium monasteriense rr 51 # Biatoropsis usnearum st r LICH 52 Bryoria capillaris fqq PEN 53 Bryoria chalybeiformis 1 r PEN 54 Bryoria furcellata rr 55 Bryoria fuscescens fqq PEN 56 Bryoria implexa st fq PEN 57 Bryoria intricans st r PEN 58 Bryoria nadvornikiana st fq PEN 59 Bryoria subcana st fq PEN 60 Buellia arnoldii st r 61 Buellia disciformis fqq 62 Buellia erubescens st fq 63 Buellia griseovirens fqq SOR 64 Buellia schaereri st r 65 Calicium abietinum fqq CAL 66 Calicium adspersum st r CAL 67 Calicium glaucellum fqq CAL 68 Calicium parvum st fq CAL 69 Calicium pinastri rr CAL 70 Calicium quercinum st fq CAL 71 Calicium salicinum fq CAL 72 Calicium trabinellum fq CAL 73 Calicium viride fqq CAL 74 Caloplaca cerina fqq 75 Caloplaca ferruginea 1 r 76 Caloplaca flavorubescens fqq 77 Caloplaca holocarpa fq 78 Caloplaca lucifuga rr 79 Candelaria concolor fqq 80 Candelariella aurella fq 81 # Candelariella superdistans rr LICH 82 Candelariella vitellina fq 83 Candelariella xanthostigma fq 84 Catillaria nigroclavata st r 85 Catinaria atropurpurea rr 86 Cetraria aculeata fqq CET 87 Cetraria ericetorum fqq CET 88 Cetraria islandica fqq CET 89 Cetraria muricata st fq CET 90 Cetraria sepincola fqq CET 91 Cetrelia cetrarioides r CET 92 Cetrelia olivetorum rr CET 93 Chaenotheca brachypoda fq CAL 94 Chaenotheca brunneola fq CAL 95 Chaenotheca chlorella fq CAL

24 24 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 96 Chaenotheca chrysocephala fqq CAL 97 Chaenotheca cinerea rr CAL 98 Chaenotheca ferruginea fqq CAL 99 Chaenotheca furfuracea fqq CAL 100 Chaenotheca gracillima r CAL 101 Chaenotheca hispidula r CAL 102 Chaenotheca laevigata r CAL 103 Chaenotheca phaeocephala fq CAL 104 Chaenotheca stemonea fq CAL 105 Chaenotheca subroscida st fq CAL 106 Chaenotheca trichialis fqq CAL 107 Chaenotheca xyloxena fqq CAL 108 # Chaenothecopsis consociata st fq CAL Chaenothecopsis debilis rr CAL 110 # Chaenothecopsis epithallina r CAL Chaenothecopsis haematopus r CAL 112 # Chaenothecopsis hospitans rr CAL Chaenothecopsis nana r CAL Chaenothecopsis pusilla fq CAL Chaenothecopsis pusiola st fq CAL Chaenothecopsis rubescens r CAL Chaenothecopsis savonica fq CAL 118 # Chaenothecopsis subparoica rr CAL 119 # Chaenothecopsis vainioana r CAL 120 Chrysotrix candelaris fq SOR 121 Chrysotrix chrysophthalma rr SOR 122 Cladina arbuscula fqq CLA 123 Cladina ciliata fq CLA 124 Cladina mitis fqq CLA 125 Cladina portentosa st fq CLA 126 Cladina rangiferina fqq CLA 127 Cladina stellaris fqq CLA 128 Cladina stygia fq CLA 129 Cladonia bacillaris fq CLA 130 Cladonia bacilliformis fq CLA 131 Cladonia borealis st fq CLA 132 Cladonia botrytes fqq CLA 133 Cladonia brevis rr CLA 134 * Cladonia caespiticia rr CLA 135 Cladonia cariosa fqq CLA 136 Cladonia carneola st fq CLA 137 Cladonia cenotea fqq CLA 138 Cladonia cervicornis fq CLA 139 Cladonia chlorophaea fqq CLA 140 Cladonia coccifera st fq CLA 141 Cladonia coniocraea fqq CLA 142 Cladonia cornuta fqq CLA 143 Cladonia crispata fqq CLA 144 Cladonia cyanipes fq CLA 145 Cladonia deformis fqq CLA 146 Cladonia digitata fqq CLA 147 Cladonia fimbriata fqq CLA 148 Cladonia floerkeana fqq CLA 149 Cladonia foliacea st fq CLA

25 25 Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 150 Cladonia furcata fqq CLA 151 Cladonia glauca fqq CLA 152 Cladonia gracilis fq CLA 153 Cladonia grayi 1 rr CLA 154 Cladonia incrassata st r CLA 155 Cladonia macilenta fqq CLA 156 Cladonia macrophylla r CLA 157 Cladonia norvegica rr CLA 158 * Cladonia novochlorophaea rr CLA 159 Cladonia ochrochlora fq CLA 160 Cladonia phyllophora fq CLA 161 Cladonia pleurota st r CLA 162 Cladonia polydactyla rr CLA 163 Cladonia pyxidata fqq CLA 164 Cladonia rangiformis fq CLA 165 Cladonia rei 1 st r CLA 166 Cladonia scabriuscula st fq CLA 167 Cladonia squamosa fqq CLA 168 Cladonia subulata fqq CLA 169 Cladonia sulphurina fq CLA 170 Cladonia symphycarpa fq CLA 171 Cladonia turgida fq CLA 172 Cladonia uncialis fqq CLA 173 Cliostomum corrugatum r 174 Cliostomum griffithii st fq 175 Cliostomum leprosum st fq 176 # Clypeococcum hypocenomycis rr LICH 177 Collema nigrescens rr CYA Collema sp CYA 178 Collema subnigrescens r CYA 179 # Corticifraga fuckelii r LICH 180 Cybebe gracilenta 1 r CAL 181 Cyphelium inquinans st r CAL 182 Cyphelium lucidum 1 r CAL 183 # Dactylospora homoclinella rr LICH 184 # Dactylospora lobariella rr LICH 185 Dermatocarpon luridum rr 186 Dibaeis baeomyces st r 187 Dimerella lutea rr 188 Dimerella pineti fq 189 Diploschistes muscorum st fq 190 Diplotomma alboatrum st fq 191 Diplotomma pharcidium r 192 Eopyrenula leucoplaca rr 193 Evernia divaricata st fq PEN 194 Evernia mesomorpha st fq 195 Evernia prunastri fqq 196 Fellhanera subtilis rr 197 Flavoparmelia caperata r PAR 198 Fuscidea arboricola r LECI/SOR 199 Fuscidea praeruptorum rr LECI/SOR 200 Fuscidea pusilla st r SOR 201 Graphis scripta fqq 202 Gyalecta flotowii rr

26 26 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 203 Gyalecta truncigena st r 204 Gyalecta ulmi st fq 205 Haematomma ochroleucum st r SOR 206 * Heterodermia speciosa rr PHY 207 Hypocenomyce anthracophila r 208 Hypocenomyce caradocensis st r 209 Hypocenomyce friesii st fq 210 Hypocenomyce scalaris fqq 211 Hypocenomyce sorophora fq SOR 212 Hypogymnia farinacea fq 213 Hypogymnia physodes fqq 214 Hypogymnia tubulosa fqq 215 Icmadophila ericetorum fq 216 # Illosporiopsis christiansenii rr LICH 217 Imshaugia aleurites fqq 218 Japewia subaurifera rr SOR 219 # Laeviomyces pertusariicola rr LICH 220 Lecanactis abietina fqq 221 Lecania cyrtella fq 222 Lecania dubitans rr 223 Lecania fuscella st r 224 Lecania koerberiana rr 225 Lecania naegelii fq 226 Lecanora albella fq 227 Lecanora allophana fqq 228 Lecanora argentata fqq 229 Lecanora cadubriae st r 230 Lecanora carpinea fqq 231 Lecanora chlarotera fqq 232 Lecanora circumborealis 1 r 233 Lecanora conizaeoides st fq SOR 234 Lecanora dispersa fqq 235 Lecanora expallens fq SOR 236 Lecanora hagenii fqq 237 Lecanora impudens rr SOR 238 Lecanora intumescens st r 239 Lecanora leptyrodes fqq 240 Lecanora muralis fqq 241 Lecanora norvegica st fq SOR 242 Lecanora phaeostigma st fq 243 Lecanora piniperda rr 244 Lecanora populicola fq 245 Lecanora pulicaris fqq 246 Lecanora rugosella fqq 247 Lecanora saligna fq 248 Lecanora sambuci st fq 249 Lecanora strobilina st fq 250 Lecanora symmicta fqq 251 Lecanora varia fqq 252 Lecidea botryosa rr LECI 253 Lecidea erythrophaea st r LECI 254 Lecidea nylanderi fqq LECI/SOR 255 Lecidea turgidula fqq LECI 256 Lecidella elaeochroma fqq LECI

27 27 Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 257 Lecidella euphorea fqq LECI 258 Lecidella subviridis rr LECI/SOR 259 Lepraria atlantica rr SOR 260 Lepraria borealis r SOR 261 Lepraria crassissima r SOR 262 Lepraria eburnea st r SOR 263 Lepraria elobata st r SOR 264 Lepraria frigida r SOR 265 Lepraria incana fqq SOR 266 Lepraria jackii fq SOR 267 Lepraria lobificans fq SOR 268 Lepraria neglecta st fq SOR Lepraria sp SOR 269 Lepraria umbricola st fq SOR 270 Leproloma vouauxii rr SOR 271 Leptogium lichenoides 1 fq CYA 272 Leptogium saturninum st fq CYA 273 Leptogium teretiusculum rr CYA Leptorhaphis epidermidis st fq 275 # Libertiella curvispora rr LICH 276 # Lichenoconium erodens st r LICH 277 # Lichenoconium lecanorae r LICH 278 # Lichenoconium pyxidatae rr LICH 279 # Lichenoconium xanthoriae r LICH 280 # Lichenodiplis lecanorae rr LICH 281 # Lichenosticta alcicornaria r LICH 282 Lobaria pulmonaria fqq CYA 283 Lobaria scrobiculata rr CYA 284 Lopadium disciforme r 285 Loxospora elatina fq SOR 286 Megalaria grossa st fq 287 Melanelia exasperata fq PAR 288 Melanelia exasperatula fqq PAR 289 Melanelia fuliginosa fqq PAR 290 Melanelia glabra rr PAR 291 Melanelia olivacea fqq PAR 292 Melanelia septentrionalis r PAR 293 Melanelia subargentifera fq PAR 294 Melanelia subaurifera fqq PAR 295 # Melaspilea gibberulosa rr LICH 296 Menegazzia terebrata st fq 297 Micarea cinerea rr 298 Micarea denigrata st fq 299 Micarea elachista rr 300 Micarea hedlundii r 301 Micarea melaena fq 302 Micarea melanobola rr 303 Micarea misella st r 304 Micarea nitschkeana st r 305 Micarea peliocarpa st fq 306 Micarea prasina fqq Microcalicium ahlneri rr CAL Microcalicium arenarium rr CAL 309 # Microcalicium disseminatum st fq CAL

28 28 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 310 # Muellerella hospitans st r LICH 311 Multiclavula mucida st r 312 Multiclavula vernalis rr 313 Mycobilimbia carneoalbida st fq 314 Mycobilimbia epixanthoides st r 315 Mycoblastus alpinus rr SOR 316 Mycoblastus fucatus st fq SOR 317 Mycoblastus sanguinarius fq Mycocalicium subtile fqq CAL Mycomicrothelia confusa r Mycomicrothelia wallrothii st r 321 Neofuscelia loxodes fqq PAR 322 * Nephroma articum rr CYA 323 Nephroma bellum rr CYA 324 Nephroma laevigatum st fq CYA 325 Nephroma parile st fq CYA 326 Nephroma resupinatum r CYA 327 Normandina acroglypta r 328 Ochrolechia alboflavescens fq SOR 329 Ochrolechia androgyna fqq SOR 330 Ochrolechia arborea st fq SOR 331 Ochrolechia microstictoides fq SOR 332 Ochrolechia pallescens st r 333 Ochrolechia subviridis st r SOR 334 Ochrolechia szatalaensis r 335 Ochrolechia turneri rr SOR 336 Omphalina umbellifera st fq 337 Opegrapha atra st r 338 Opegrapha ochrocheila rr 339 Opegrapha rufescens fq 340 Opegrapha sorediifera rr 341 Opegrapha varia fq 342 Opegrapha viridis st r 343 Opegrapha vulgata st fq 344 Pachyphiale fagicola st r 345 Pannaria pezizoides r CYA 346 Parmelia saxatilis fqq PAR 347 Parmelia sulcata fqq PAR 348 Parmeliella triptophylla st r CYA 349 Parmelina tiliacea st fq PAR 350 Parmeliopsis ambigua fqq 351 Parmeliopsis hyperopta fq 352 Peltigera aphthosa fqq CYA 353 Peltigera canina fqq CYA 354 Peltigera collina r CYA 355 Peltigera degenii r CYA 356 Peltigera didactyla fqq CYA 357 Peltigera horizontalis st fq CYA 358 Peltigera hymenina st fq CYA 359 Peltigera leucophlebia fq CYA 360 Peltigera malacea fq CYA 361 Peltigera membranacea st fq CYA 362 Peltigera neckeri fq CYA 363 Peltigera neopolydactyla st r CYA

29 29 Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 364 Peltigera polydactyla fqq CYA 365 Peltigera praetextata fqq CYA 366 Peltigera rufescens fqq CYA 367 Peltigera scabrosa rr CYA 368 Pertusaria albescens fqq 369 Pertusaria amara fqq SOR 370 Pertusaria carneopallida rr 371 Pertusaria coccodes fqq SOR 372 Pertusaria flavida r SOR 373 Pertusaria hemisphaerica st fq SOR 374 Pertusaria leioplaca fq 375 Pertusaria ophthalmiza rr SOR 376 Pertusaria pertusa st fq 377 Pertusaria pupillaris r SOR 378 Pertusaria raesaenenii 1 rr Phaeocalicium praecedens rr CAL 380 Phaeophyscia ciliata fq PHY 381 Phaeophyscia nigricans fq PHY 382 Phaeophyscia orbicularis fqq PHY 383 # Phaeopyxis punctum rr LICH 384 # Phaeosporobolus usneae rr LICH 385 Phlyctis agelaea fq SOR 386 Phlyctis argena fqq SOR 387 Physcia adscendens fqq PHY 388 Physcia aipolia fqq PHY 389 Physcia dubia 1 fqq PHY 390 Physcia semipinnata st fq PHY 391 Physcia stellaris fqq PHY 392 Physcia tenella fqq PHY 393 Physconia detersa r PHY 394 Physconia distorta fqq PHY 395 Physconia enteroxantha fqq PHY 396 Physconia perisidiosa fq PHY 397 Placynthiella icmalea fqq LECI 398 Placynthiella oligotropha st fq LECI 399 Placynthiella uliginosa fq LECI 400 Platismatia glauca fqq CET 401 # Plectocarpon lichenum r LICH 402 Pleurosticta acetabulum fq PAR 403 # Polycoccum squamarioides rr LICH 404 Porina aenea rr Porina sp Pseudevernia furfuracea fqq 406 Psilolechia clavulifera rr LECI/SOR 407 Psilolechia lucida st fq LECI/SOR 408 * Punctelia subrudecta rr PAR 409 Pycnothelia papillaria st fq 410 Pyrenula coryli rr 411 Pyrenula laevigata r 412 Pyrenula nitidella r 413 Pyrrhospora quernea fq LECI/SOR 414 Ramalina baltica fq 415 Ramalina calicaris st fq PEN 416 Ramalina dilacerata st r

30 30 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 417 Ramalina farinacea fqq PEN 418 Ramalina fastigiata fqq 419 Ramalina fraxinea fqq PEN 420 Ramalina pollinaria fqq 421 Ramalina sinensis r 422 Ramalina thrausta fq PEN 423 # Refractohilum peltigerae r LICH 424 Rhizocarpon lavatum rr 425 Rinodina efflorescens st r SOR 426 Rinodina exigua fq 427 Rinodina pyrina fq 428 Rinodina sophodes fq 429 Ropalospora viridis rr SOR Sarea diformis rr Sarea resinae st r 432 Schismatomma pericleum st fq 433 Sclerophora coniophaea st r CAL 434 Sclerophora farinacea r CAL 435 Sclerophora nivea st fq CAL 436 Scoliciosporum chlorococcum st fq 437 Scoliciosporum pruinosum rr 438 Scoliciosporum sarothamni r 439 # Scutula miliaris st r LICH 440 # Skyttea nitschkei rr LICH 441 # Sphaerellothecium araneosum rr LICH 442 # Sphinctrina turbinata rr CAL 443 Steinia geophana rr Stenocybe pullatula fq CAL 445 Stereocaulon paschale fqq 446 Stereocaulon tomentosum fqq 447 # Stigmidium lecidellae rr LICH 448 # Stigmidium microspilum r LICH 449 Strangospora moriformis rr 450 Strangospora pinicola rr 451 # Taniolella punctata rr LICH 452 Tephromela atra fqq 453 # Thelocarpon epibolum rr LICH 454 Thelotrema lepadinum st fq 455 Trapeliopsis flexuosa fq LECI 456 Trapeliopsis granulosa fqq LECI/SOR 457 # Tremella cladoniae rr LICH 458 # Tremella hypogymniae rr LICH 459 # Tremella lichenicola rr LICH 460 Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla fqq CET 461 Usnea filipendula fqq PEN 462 Usnea fulvoreagens st r 463 Usnea glabrata 1 r 464 Usnea glabrescens r 465 Usnea hirta fqq 466 Usnea lapponica 1 st r 467 Usnea scabrata fq PEN 468 Usnea subfloridana fqq PEN 469 Usnea substerilis st fq 470 Usnea wasmuthii st r PEN

31 31 Table 2 (continued) No. Species No. of Frequency among lists Frequency Group studies Average Max in Estonia 471 Verrucaria muralis fq 472 # Vouauxiella lichenicola fq LICH 473 # Vouauxiomyces santessonii st r LICH 474 Vulpicida juniperina fq CET 475 Vulpicida pinastri fqq CET 476 Xanthoparmelia conspersa fqq PAR 477 Xanthoria candelaria fqq 478 Xanthoria fulva st r 479 Xanthoria parietina fqq 480 Xanthoria polycarpa fqq 481 Xylographa vitiligo st r SOR Table 3. True lichens, lichenicolous fungi (#) and non-lichenized fungi (+) species which possibly can inhabit forests in Estonia (macrolichens in bold) and their frequency in Estonia. Species extinct in Estonia are marked with an asterisk (*) and species with doubtful occurrence with a question mark (?). Abbreviations: P found in parks, cemeteries, avenues; W found in wooded meadows, S suitable substrata for colonization (i.e., bark, wood, ground); for abbreviations of frequency and ecological and morphological groups, see Table 2. No. Species Explanation Frequency Group 1 # Abrothallus parmeliarum S rr LICH 2 # Abrothallus suecicus PWS r LICH 3 Arthonia lapidicola S rr 4 # Arthonia apotheciorum S rr LICH 5 Arthonia cinnabarina S rr 6 # Arthonia intexta PS rr LICH 7 Arthonia muscigena S rr 8 Arthonia patellulata S rr 9 Arthopyrenia antecellens S rr 10 Arthopyrenia cerasi S rr 11 * Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa S rr 12 Arthopyrenia lapponina S rr 13 * Arthopyrenia rhyponta S rr 14?# Arthrorhaphis citrinella S rr LICH 15 Arthrosporum populorum PS r 16 * Aspicilia xyloxena S rr 17 # Bachmanniomyces uncialicola S rr LICH 18 Bacidia circumspecta S rr 19? Bryoria bicolor S rr PEN 20 Buellia violaceofusca WS rr 21 Byssoloma subdiscordans S rr 22 Caloplaca cerinella S rr 23 Caloplaca cerinelloides P st r 24 Caloplaca chrysophthalma WS r 25 Caloplaca citrina PS fq Table 3 (continued) No. Species Explanation Frequency Group 26 Caloplaca herbidella WS rr 27 Caloplaca obscurella S rr 28 Caloplaca ulcerosa PS rr 29 Candelariella kuusamoënsis S rr 30 Candelariella reflexa PS st r 31 Chaenothecopsis viridireagens S rr CAL 32 Chrysotrix chlorina S rr SOR 33 Cladonia merochlorophaea S rr CLA 34 * Cladonia parasitica S r CLA 35 Cliostomum flavidulum WS rr 36 Collema flaccidum S rr CYA 37 * Collema occultatum S rr CYA 38 Cyphelium sessile WS r CAL 39 Cyphelium tigillare S r CAL 40 # Endococcus nanellus S r LICH 41? Fellhanera bouteillei S rr 42 # Graphium aphthosae S rr LICH 43 *# Homostegia piggotii SWS rr LICH 44? Hyperphyscia adglutinata S rr PHY 45 Hypocenomyce praestabilis S rr 46 # Illosporium carneum S rr LICH 47 # Intralichen christiansenii S st r LICH 48 # Intralichen lichenum S rr LICH 49 # Karsteniomyces peltigerae S r LICH 50 # Karsteniomyces tuberculosus S rr LICH 51? Lecanora cateilea S r LEC 52? Lecanora glabrata S rr LEC 53 Lecanora hypoptoides S rr LEC 54 Lecanora subintricata S r LEC 55? Lecidea albofuscescens S rr LECI 56? Lecidea hypopta S rr LECI 57 Lecidea symmictella S rr LECI 58 Lepraria cacuminum S rr SOR 59 + Leptorhaphis tremulae S rr 60 # Lichenochora obscuroides S rr LICH 61 # Lichenoconium usneae S rr LICH 62 # Lichenopeltella cetrariicola S rr LICH 63 # Lichenopeltella peltigericola S rr LICH 64 # Lichenostigma rugosum S rr LICH

32 32 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Table 3 (continued) No. Species Explanation Frequency Group 65? Melanelia elegantula S rr PAR 66 Micarea lignaria S rr 67 # Monodictys cellulosa WS rr LICH 68 Mycobilimbia berengeriana WS st r 69 Opegrapha herbarum WS rr 70 # Opegrapha zwackhii S rr LICH 71 Pertusaria borealis S rr SOR 72 Pertusaria coronata WS st r 73 * Pertusaria multipunctata S rr SOR 74 # Pezizella epithallina S rr LICH 75 # Phacopsis oxyspora S rr LICH 76 + Phaeocalicium populneum S rr CAL 77 * Phaeophyscia chloantha S rr PHY 78 Phaeophyscia endophoenicea PS rr PHY 79 # Phaeosporobolus alpinus SW rr LICH 80 # Phoma peltigerae S rr LICH 81 Physconia grisea PS st r PHY 82 Placynthiella dasaea S rr LECI SOR 83 # Polycoccum peltigerae S rr LICH 84 # Pronectria erythrinella S rr LICH 85 Ptychographa flexella S rr 86? Pyrenula nitida S rr 87? Pyrrhospora cinnabarina S rr LECI 88 * Ramalina elegans S rr 89 Ramalina obtusata PS st fq 90 # Ramboldia insidiosa S st r LECI LICH 91 Rinodina archaea S r 92 # Rinodina parasitica S rr LICH 93 Rinodina septentrionalis S rr 94 Rinodina turfacea S rr 95 # Roselliniella cladoniae S rr LICH 96 Sclerophora peronella PS rr CAL 97 # Scutula epiblastemica S rr LICH 98 # Sphaerellothecium propinquellum S st fq LICH 99 # Stigmidium xanthoparmeliarum S rr LICH 100 # Syzygospora physciacearum S r LICH 101 # Taniolella beschiana S rr LICH 102 # Taniolella cladinicola S rr LICH 103 # Taniolella delicata PS rr LICH 104 # Taniolella phaeophysciae S rr LICH 105 # Tremella cetrariicola PS rr LICH 106 # Tremella coppinsii S rr LICH 107 # Tremella phaeophysciae S rr LICH 108 # Tremella ramalinae S rr LICH 109? Usnea articulata S rr 110? Usnea longissima S rr PEN 111? Varicellaria rhodocarpa S rr SOR 112 Vezdaea aestivalis S rr 113 # Vouauxiomyces ramalinae PS st fq LICH 114 Xanthoria fallax PS st r 115 # Xanthoriicola physciae S rr LICH 116 Xylographa trunciseda S rr 117 # Zwackiomyces coepulonous S rr LICH 118 # Zwackiomyces lecanorae S rr LICH RESULTS According to the current list (Tables 2 3), 481 confirmed (180 macrolichens, and 301 microlichens and lichenicolous fungi) and at least 118 probable (15 macrolichens, and 103 microlichens and lichenicolous fungi) forest lichen species inhabit Estonia. However, the occurrence of 26 listed species is problematic; 13 species are extinct or probably extinct in Estonia and the occurrence of 13 species is questionable (mentioned in literature but without herbarium material). Frequency estimates were computed for 337 forest lichen species (70% of the confirmed species). The eight most abundant species were absent from only one (Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia sulcata, Chaenotheca ferruginea, Phlyctis argena) or two studies (Evernia prunastri, Pseudevernia furfuracea, Ramalina farinacea, Lecanora pulicaris). About half (47%) of the species (48 macrolichens, and 106 microlichens and lichenicolous fungi) occurred only in one or two studies. Only 68 species occurred on average in more than 10% of species lists. The most frequent species was Hypogymnia physodes, with 84% mean occurrence among species lists. All these lichens are rather to very frequent in Estonia (sensu Randlane & Saag 1999). In contrast, the average frequency of more than half (215) of the species was less than 5% with 90 of these species being rather to very rare, and 83 species frequent to very frequent in Estonia (sensu Randlane & Saag 1999). In addition, some species with low average abundance were locally quite common. For example, the macrolichens Cetraria islandica (occurring on average in 8.4% of the species lists, but in 75% of lists in one study), Cladina arbuscula (8.0% and 66.7%), Cladina stellaris (8.9% and 66.7%) and microlichens Arthonia spadicea (9.5% and 57.7%), Hypocenomyce sorophora (9.7% and 58.3%), Lepraria lobificans (7.5% and 50.0%), Lecanora dispersa (6.7% and 53.8%) and Ochrolechia microstictoides (9.1% and 58.3%, respectively). To describe the species composition and richness of forest lichens, ecological, morphological, and taxonomical groups were distinguished (Table 4). Forest is the main habitat for calicioid lichens and fungi, cetrarioid, cladonioid, parmelioid pendulous and sorediate crustose lichens, and

33 33 possibly also for the poorly studied lichenicolous and parasitic fungi. These ecological and morphological groups totalled nearly half (46%) of the lichen species in Estonian forests, whereas some species-rich genera, such as Rhizocarpon, Verrucaria and Umbilicaria, were represented with only one or no species in forests. Lichens in Estonian forests have been studied in almost all substrata types, but the coverage is uneven (Table 5, Appendix). Living trees have been most commonly investigated, particularly the trunks of common forest trees (Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula spp., Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula), but also trunks of other deciduous trees, undergrowth and branches of Picea abies. Less attention has been paid to fine and coarse woody debris, the ground and stones. Among coarse woody debris, snags with exposed wood of common tree species have been investigated more intensively (334 records; Appendix) compared with logs (99 records), windthrows (15 records) or burnt wood (9 records). The highest number of unique species was recorded on living trees, but a relatively high number of species inhabited the ground and coarse woody debris (e.g., snags with exposed wood; Table 5). Cluster analysis of species composition (Fig. 2) distinguished five large groups of substrata: broad-leaved trees, common deciduous and coniferous trees, branches and undergrowth, windthrows, and other groundlevel substrata. Comparison of living and dead trunks (snags) was possible only for common tree species, differentiating deciduous and coniferous trees (Fig. 2). DISCUSSION The role of forests for the natural lichen flora has seldom been quantified. According to this study, 52 64% of the 930 known species of lichenised and lichenicolous fungi in Estonia (Randlane et al. 2003) occur in forests. Hallingbäck (1995) counted 800 forest species that comprise 34% Fig. 2. Similarity of lichen composition of different substrata in Estonian forests according to cluster analysis (Ward s method). The data matrix included relative occurrence of species on substrata with over 40 records (except windthrows with 15 records) of 16 lichen studies.

34 34 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Table 4. Species richness of different groups of lichens in Estonian forests. Taxonomical groups comprise genera with at least 10 species in Estonia. The groups have been listed in decreasing order of their number of forest species. Group [source a ] No. of species in Estonia Number (%) of forest total b in forests (min max) c species (min max) Taxonomical groups [1] Chaenotheca Chaenothecopsis Lepraria Usnea Cladonia Peltigera Bryoria Ochrolechia Pertusaria Micarea Bacidia Melanelia Arthonia Ramalina Lecanora Lecania Lecidea Rinodina Leptogium Stereocaulon Caloplaca Rhizocarpon Verrucaria Umbilicaria Acarospora Aspicilia Ecological groups Sorediate crustose lichens [2] Calicioid lichens and fungi [3] Cyanobacterial macrolichens [1,4] Lichenicolous and parasitic lichens and fungi [4,5] Morphological groups Pendulous lichens [1, 4] Cetrarioid lichens [6] Cladonioid lichens [3, 4] Parmelioid lichens [7] Physcioid macrolichens [1, 4] Lecideoid lichens [8] Macrolichens total Microlichens total a sources: 1 Randlane et al. 2003; 2 Saag 2002; 3 Lõhmus 1998, Tibell 1999; 4 Trass & Randlane 1994; 5 A. Suija, unpublished reports; 6 Randlane & Saag 2003; 7 Hale & DePriest 1999; 8 Suija 1998 b according to Randlane et al c min no. of proven species, max proven and probable species (according to Table 2 and 3)

35 35 Table 5. Number of lichen species and unique species (found only on given substrata) recorded on different substratum types in Estonian forests. Substrata type No. of studies No. of records* No. of species Share of species, %** No. of unique species Living trees trunks of living trees bases of trunks of living trees branches of living trees Fine and coarse woody debris snags with exposed wood Logs Ground Stones * no. of species registrations (species substratum study) ** from a total of 355 species recorded in the 16 studies of Swedish lichen flora (2388 species, Santesson 2003). The higher share of forest lichens in Estonia is probably due to the scarcity of rocky outcrops, which are the most diverse habitats for lichens in Sweden (hosting about 1000 species, Hallingbäck 1995). Only limited data is available for other countries. For example, 50 unique lichen species have been recognised on coarse woody debris in Finland (Siitonen 2001), which is twice as many as in Estonia (24 species). Throughout the boreal forest zone, the ground floor includes about species of lichens (Ahti 1977). In Estonian forests, 42 epigeic species have been reported, of which only 18 are unique to this substratum (Table 5). Although 24 species were limited to parks and wooded meadows (Table 3), the role of these habitats for forest lichens in Estonia remains unknown. If only the availability of substrata (broad-leaved trees) is crucial, these species probably inhabit forests as well (having been simply overlooked). However, this may not be the case if specific microclimatic conditions (e.g., more light) are also needed. Frequency patterns of different species in Estonian forests were characterised by a high share of rare species. About half of the species with low (<5%) average frequency among species lists (Table 2), are actually frequent in Estonia. Most of these species occupy the ground (e.g. Cetraria ericetorum, Cladina mitis, Cladonia furcata, Peltigera didactyla), decaying wood (Placynthiella icmalea, Trapeliopsis granulosa), stones (Verrucaria muralis) or bark of deciduous trees (Acrocordia gemmata, Lecanora rugosella, Phlyctis agelaea), i.e., on quantitatively poorly studied substrata. The remaining forest species are generally rare in Estonia. Some of them probably occur naturally at low frequencies (for example, the old-growth forest species of Collema and Nephroma), as noted also in Finland (Vitikainen et al. 1997) and Sweden (Thor 1998). Other species show narrow niches but may be abundant where their habitat is prevalent (e.g., ground-floor macrolichens in heath forest), as indicated by large differences between average and maximum frequencies. A more detailed analysis of the causes of rarity among forest lichens should be possible after additional research of inadequately studied forest types and substrata. The taxa most common to forests in Estonia (Table 4) are generally well-known inhabitants of (hemi)boreal forests (Ahti 1977). Some of these taxa, for example calicioid, pendulous and cyanobacterial macrolichens, have been also recognised as indicators of forest continuity (Tibell 1992, Kuusinen 1996a, Thor 1998). Cyanobacterial macrolichens, as nitrogen-fixing organisms, are also ecologically important components of forest vegetation (Kallio & Kallio 1978). The high species richness of lichenicolous and parasitic fungi in forests is obviously related to the increasing knowledge of these inconspicuous organisms in Estonia (Suija 2002 and unpublished reports). Additionally, some taxonomical groups

36 36 Folia Cryptog. Estonica naturally harbour high numbers of host-specific lichenicolous fungi (Lawrey & Diederich 2003). The most species rich habitat for lichenicolous fungi in Estonia are Cladonia and Peltigera (A. Suija pers. com.), i.e. genera of forest species in high abundance. The uneven coverage of lichen substrata is a general problem. Epiphytic communities on trees have been intensively studied globally for over 50 years (e.g., Barkman 1958, Rose 1976, Coppins 1984, Kuusinen 1996b, McCune et al. 2000), whereas lichens on dead wood only during the last decade (e.g., Forsslund & Koffmann 1998, McAlister 1997, Kruys et al. 1999, Lõhmus & Lõhmus 2001, Humphrey et al. 2002). These works, supported also by this study, have generally shown the most diverse and unique species composition of lichens on broad-leaved trees and on snags. Given that intensive deforestation usually degrades these substrata, their availability in forest landscapes is an important issue in future forest management in Estonia (cf. Kuuba 2001). Until now, almost no attention has been paid to stones as habitats for forest lichens. This is probably because stones are usually covered by bryophytes, and only uncovered or shaded sides of stones are available for lichens. For example, shaded and lower parts are usually covered with Lepraria crusts (personal experience). However, the numerous boulders in forests of northern and western Estonia could provide high-quality habitats for epilithic lichens. In future research, compilation of a list of obligate forest lichens could be valuable for practical purposes in conservation management. In addition, comparative studies of natural broadleaved forests versus rural parks and wooded meadows should be carried out to assess the value of the latter for lichens. More attention should be paid to quantitatively less-studied forest substrata, such as old broad-leaved trees, windthrows, burnt bark and wood, well-decayed large logs and boulders. In addition, suitability of aspen (Populus tremula) as surrogate for other broad-leaved trees could be considered, given the similarity of their species composition (Jüriado et al. 2003; see also Fig. 2 and Appendix) and the current abundance of aspen stands in Estonian forests (Kohava 2001). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to Inga Jüriado, Eva Nilson, Enel Sander, Ave Suija, Anne-Liis Sõmermaa and Hans Trass for permission to use their unpublished data. Thanks are due to Asko Lõhmus for valuable discussion and remarks during the study and to Tiina Randlane and an anonymous referee for helpful corrections and comments on the manuscript. Asko Lõhmus and Robert Szava-Kovats are aknowledged for revising the English. The research was supported by Estonian Science Foundation grant no REFERENCES Ahti, T Lichens of the boreal coniferous zone. In: Seaward, M.R.D. (ed.), Lichen ecology, pp Academic Press, London. Andersson, L., Martverk, R., Külvik, M., Palo, A. & Varblane, A Woodland Key Habitat Inventory in Estonia Regio Publishing, Tartu, 112 pp. Barkman, J.J Phytosociology and ecology of cryptogamic epiphytes. Van Gorcum Assen, Netherlands. 595 pp. Coppins, B.J Epiphytes of birch. Proceedings of the Royal Scociety of Edingburgh, 85B: Forsslund, A. & Koffman, A Species diversity of lichens on decaying wood a comparison between old-growth and managed forest. Växtekologi 2: Hale, B.W. & DePriest, P.T Mason E. Hale s list of epithets in the parmelioid genera. Bryologist 102: Hallingbäck, T Ekologisk katalog över lavar (in Swedish). ArtDatabanken, Uppsala, 141 pp. Hazell, P. & Gustafsson, L Retention of trees at final harvest - evaluation of a conservation technique using epiphytic bryophyte and lichen transplants. Biol. Conserv. 90: Hilmo, O. & Såstad, S Colonization of old-forest lichens in a young and an old boreal Picea abies forest: an experimental approach. Biol. Conserv. 102: Humphrey, J.W., Davey, S., Peace, A.J., Ferris, R. & Harding, K Lichens and bryophyte communities of planted and semi-natural forests in Britain: the influence of site type, stand structure and deadwood. Biol. Conserv. 107: Jüriado, I., Paal, J. & Liira, J Epiphytic and epixylic lichen species diversity in Estonian natural forest. Biodiv. Cons. 12: Kallio, P. & Kallio, S The ecology of nitrogen fixation in Lapland. Acta Lapponica Fennica 10:

37 37 Kohava, P. (ed.) Eesti metsad Metsavarude hinnang statistilisel valikmeetodil. OÜ Eesti Metsakorralduskeskus, Tallinn. Kruys, N., Fries, C., Jonsson, B.G., Lämås, T. & Ståhl, G Wood-inhabiting cryptogams on dead Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees in managed Swedish boreal forests. Can. J. For. Res. 29: Kuuba, R Management rules for protection forests (in Estonian). Triip Grupp, Tartu, 48 pp. Kuusinen, M. 1996a. Cyanobacterial macrolichens on Populus tremula as indicators of forest continuity in Finland. Biol. Conserv. 75: Kuusinen, M. 1996b. Epiphyte flora and diversity on basal trunks of six old-growth forest tree species in southern and middle boreal Finland. Lichenologist 28: Kuusinen, M. & Siitonen, J Epiphytic lichen diversity in old-growth and managed Picea abies stands in southern Finland. J. Veg. Sci. 9: Laasimer, L Vegetation of the Estonian S.S.R. (in Estonian) Valgus, Tallinn, 398 pp. Lawrey, J.D. & Diederich, P Lichenicolous fungi: interactions, evolution, and biodiversity. The Bryologist 106: Lõhmus, A., Kohv, K., Palo, A. & Viilma, K Loss of old-growth, and the minimum need for strictly protected forests in Estonia. Ecol. Bull. 51, in press. Lõhmus, P Lichens in Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve (in Estonian). Unpublished report for management planning in the Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu. Lõhmus, P List of Estonian calicioid lichens and fungi. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 32: Lõhmus, P Lichens in Tabasalu recreation park (in Estonian). Unpublished report for management planning in the Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu. Lõhmus, P. & Suija, A Lichens. Unpublished report for the Estonian Forest Conservation Areas Network project in the Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu. Lõhmus, P. & Lõhmus, A Snags, and their lichens in old Estonian peatland forests. Ann. Bot. Fennici 38: Lõhmus, P., Saag, L. & Lõhmus, A Is there merit in identifying leprarioid crusts to species in ecological studies? Lichenologist 35: Martin, L Epiphytic lichens of the islands of Naissaare and Aegna (in Estonian). Days of the Estonian Naturalists Society 22: Martin, L. & Martin, J Epiphytic macrolichens in Estonian forests. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 32: Martin, L. & Martin, J Epiphytic macrolichens in the forests of North-East Estonia (in Estonian, summary in English). Metsanduslikud uurimused 33: Martin, L. & Nilson, E Impact of the Kunda cement plant (North-East Estonia) emission on the distribution of the epiphytic lichens. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Ecol. 2: Masing, V. (ed.) Dictionary of ecology (in Estonian). Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 320 pp. McAlister, S Cryptogam communities on fallen logs in the Duke Forest, north Carolina. J. Veg. Sci. 8: McCune, B., Rosentreter, R., Ponzetti, J.M. & Shaw, D.C Epiphyte habitats in an old conifer forest in western Washington, U.S.A. Bryologist 103: Nilson, E. (ed.) Re-analyses of monitoring plots in Vilsandi, 1991 (in Estonian). Tallinn. Nilson, E Relation of the coverage of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes to bark chemistry of Scots pine. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Ecol. 5: Nilson, E. & Piin, T Lichens of the islets of Kolga bay (Gulf of Finland, Estonia). I. Distribution and frequency of epiphytic lichen species. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 32: Paal, J Rare and threatened plant communities in Estonia. Biodiv. Cons. 7: Randlane, T. & Saag, A. (eds.) Second checklist of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 35: Randlane, T. & Saag, A Revision of the second updated world list of cetrarioid lichens. January 17, cetraria.html Randlane, T., Saag, A. & Suija, A Lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. March 7, Rose, F Lichenological indicators of age and environmental continuity in woodlands. In: Brown, D.H., Hawksworth, D.L., Bailey, R.H. (eds.) Lichenology: progress and problems, pp Academic Press, London. Saag, L Sorediate crustose lichens in Estonia (in Estonian). M Sc. Thesis in Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu (manuscript). Sander, E Epiphytic lichens of Lahemaa Natural Park (in Russian). In: Flora and groupings of lower plants in natural and anthropogenic extreme conditions of environment, pp , Tallinn. Sander, E Comparison of the lichen flora of different broad-leaved trees in Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 34: Santesson, R Checklist of lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Sweden. Version 1 March Senkevitsh, E Changes of the cover of epiphytic lichens on pines in a three permanent monitoring plots of ear-pollution between (in Estonian). B.Sc. Thesis in Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu (manuscript).

38 38 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Siitonen, J Forest management, coarse woody debris and saproxylc organisms: Fennoscandian boreal forests as an example. Ecol. Bull. 49: Soe, U Biomass of heaths and heath forests (in Estonian). B. Sc. Thesis in Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu (manuscript). Sõmermaa, A.-L Ecology of epiphytic lichens in main Estonian forest types. Scripta Mycologica 4. Sõmermaa, A-L Species list and ecological groups in corticolous lichens. In: T. Frey (ed.) Estonian IBP Raport, 12. Tartu, 156 pp. Suija, A Lichens in Soomaa National Park (in Estonian). Unpublished report for management planning in the Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu. Suija, A Lecideoid lichens from Estonia an annotated checklist. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 32: Suija, A New Estonian records: Fungi. Lichenicolous fungi. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 37: Tääkre, K Lichenflora of the Endla Nature Reserve and its coenological analysis (in Estonian). Unpublished diploma thesis, Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu. Thor, G Red-listed lichens in Sweden: habitats, threats, protection, and indicator value in boreal coniferous forests. Biodiv. Cons. 7: Tibell, L Crustose lichens as indicators of forest continuity in boreal coniferous forests. Nord. J. Bot. 12: Tibell, L Caliciales. Nordic Lichen Flora 1: Trass, H. & Randlane, T. (eds) Macrolichens of Estonia (in Estonian). Tartu. 399 pp. Trass, H Dynamic of bryo- and lichenosynusia in Estonian old-growth and managed forests: a comparative study (in Estonian). Unpublished final report of Estonian Science Foundation grant no Trass, H., Vellak, K. & Ingerpuu, N Floristical and ecological properties for identifying of primeval forests in Estonia. Ann. Bot. Fennici 36: Vitikainen, O., Ahti, T., Kuusinen, M., Lommi, S. & Ulvinen, T Checklist of lichen and allied fungi of Finland. Norrlinia 6: Appendix. Coverage of main substrata in 16 lichen studies in Estonian forests. Substratum studies No. of: records* species Pinus sylvestris ** Picea abies ** Betula spp. ** Alnus glutinosa ** Populus tremula ** Fraxinus excelsior ** Quercus robur Salix caprea Sorbus aucuparia Alnus incana ** Undergrowth Ulmus glabra Acer platanoides Picea abies branches Tilia cordata Populus tremula log Juniperus communis Stumps Picea abies snags with wood Pinus sylvestris snags with wood Alnus glutinosa snags with wood Betula spp. snags with wood Populus tremula base Populus tremula snags with wood Betula spp. bases Picea abies bases Windthrows Pinus sylvestris bases Pinus sylvestris branches Betula spp. branches Fraxinus excelsior snag with wood Logs of deciduous trees (except Populus) Populus tremula branches Quercus robur branches Burned substrata Alnus glutinosa base undet. deciduous tree snags with wood undet. coniferous tree snags with wood * no. of species registrations (species substratum study) ** living and dead trunk with bark

39 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40 (2003) Erast Parmasto 75 Erast Parmasto in the Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, on March 22, 2002 (photo by Jaan Liira)

40 40 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

41 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: (2003) Published on January 28, 2004 Two new species of Hymenochaete (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota) from India Erast Parmasto Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, 181 Riia St., Tartu, Estonia. Abstract: Two new species, Hymenochaete gigasetosa Parmasto and H. indica Parmasto are described. Kokkuvõte: E. Parmasto. Kaks uut liiki perekonnast Hymenochaete (Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycota) Indiast. Kirjeldatakse kaks uut liiki, Hymenochaete gigasetosa ja H. indica. METHODS Basidiomata are described using the colour names by Rayner (1970); colour notations are given using the Munsell Book of Color (1942; abbreviation: M) and Kornerup & Wanscher s handbook (1973; abbreviation: K & W). For spore statistics, 25 randomly taken spores were measured in a specimen with the aid of a Sony CCD Video Camera attached to a Nikon Labophot 2 microscope and analysed by Global Lab Image (Data Translation Inc.) software. Herbarium acronyms are after Holmgren, Holmgren & Barnett (1990). DESCRIPTIONS HYMENOCHAETE GIGASETOSA Parmasto sp. nova Basidiomata effusa, adnata, molle cottonea, ad 1( 3) mm crassa; hymenium laeve, Sienna color; tomentum et cortex desunt, stratum hypharum bene evoluta. Systema hypharum subdimiticum; hyphae sceletoideae tunicis crassis, brunneae, hyphae setales ad 200 µm longae. Setae hymeniales rarae, ( 250) ( 25) µm, apicis obtusis vel rotundis granulatis; apices hypharum sceletoidearum tunicis incrassatis hyphidiis similes in hymenio numerosi. Holotype: India, Uppar Pradesh, Mundali, Chakrata Forest Division, on dead twigs of Picea morinda, 8 Nov 1957 P.S. Rehill (K DD94/Ch.57; isotypes DD 7204, LY 4479). Paratype: same locality, on a dead branch of a deciduous tree, 5 Nov 1953 P.S. Rehill (K DD90/Ch.57). Etymology: gigantea, gigantic; setosa, setose. Basidiomata effused, adnate, soft cottony, 1 2 cm in diam, then confluent, up to 1000 µm thick, sometimes up to 4-layered and then 2 3 mm thick, uneven, at margins irregularly thickened, sometimes low and cushion-shaped; hymenium smooth, dark Sienna (M: 5 YR 5/7; K & W: 6 D 6 7( 8), Cinnamon Brown or Raw Sienna), in older parts darker (M: 5 YR 4/6; K & W: 6 E 7, Cognac); margin up to 1.5( 3) mm broad, pubescent, indistinctly delimited, more lightly coloured (M: 5 YR 7/6; K & W: 6 C 5, Sahara) than the hymenium. Tomentum and cortex absent; hyphal layer composed of more or less loosely interwined, near the base more parallel hyphae and rare horizontal or downwards curved context setae (setal hyphae). Hyphal system subdimitic; skeletoids with thickened or thick walls, brown, (2.5)3 5 µm diam; generative hyphae subhyaline, thinwalled, sparsely branched, septate, µm. Setal hyphae (embedded setae) few, µm long, 8 15( 20) µm diam. Hymenial setae scattered or rare, ( 250) ( 25) µm, with very thick walls, with blunt or rounded tip, encrusted with small granules, emerging up to 120 µm above the hymenium, some setae with setal hypha-like base and bending downwards. In hymenium numerous hyphidia-like parallel tips of skeletoid hyphae with thin or thickened walls, µm in diam. Causes white fibrose rot of wood. Remarks. Spores described by the collector of the specimens (Rehill) as hyaline, ellipsoid,

42 42 Folia Cryptog. Estonica µm (DD 7204) or µm, suballantoid (DD 7203). I did not see any spores in the specimens except some few (extraneous?) allantoid spores µm. The basidiomata are externally similar to those in H. cinnamomea. Very long and broad setae similar to these in the new species are present only in two other species of Hymenochaete; both have acute tips and a hyphal layer without setal hyphae. In H. agathicola P. Henn. the setae are ( 130) µm, encrusted with fine granules in the uppermost part; basidiomata are thin (up to 170 µm) and with a cortex. This species has been found only once in New Zealand. H. gladiola G. Cunn. (isotypes in BPI, DAOM and K studied by me) has setae (75 ) (7 )10 16 µm; these are without incrustation; basidiomata are up to 450 µm thick, coriaceous, with elevated margins, effuso-reflexed or umbonate-sessile, with cortex and tomentum. This species has been found only in New Zealand. HYMENOCHAETE INDICA Parmasto, sp. nova Basidiomata effusa, adnata, coriacea, ad 100 µm crassa; hymenium laeve, vinaceo-cremeum; tomentum, cortex atque stratum hypharum desunt. Systema hypharum monomiticum; hyphae tunicis incrassatis brunneae dense agglutinatae. Setae numerosae, µm, acutae, sine incrustatione; hyphidia non numerosi, tunicis crassis brunneis, 2.5 3( 4) µm diam., hyphidia nonnulli leviter ramosi. Sporae minutae, late ellipsoideae, (2.2 ) µm. Holotype: India, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli Distr., Mundanthurai Sanctuary, on a fallen twig of a creeper, 16 Feb 1979 E. Parmasto (TAA ). Etymology: indica, growing in India. Basidiomata effused, adnate, coriaceous, µm thick; hymenium smooth, Vinaceous Buff (M: 7.5 YR 7/3; K & W: 6 D 3, café-au-lait); margin distinctly delimited, brownish, later indistinct and concolorous with the hymenium. Tomentum, cortex and hyphal layer absent. Hyphal system monomitic; setal hyphae absent; hyphae µm in diam, brown, with thickened walls, densely glued together; at base of setae a node of shortly branched hyphae about 1 µm diam.; crystals in setal layer absent. Setae numerous, µm, subfusiform, with acute tip, straight or some slightly curved, naked or some enmeshed in thin hyphal sheaths, without incrustation. Hyphidia not numerous, embedded in hymenium, thickwalled, brownish, 2.5 3( 4) µm diam.; some few hyphidia forked or as dendrohyphidia with a few sidebranches. Basidia subcylindrical or clavate, µm, with 4 thin sterigmata; spores broadly ellipsoid, (2.2 ) µm; mean size µm and mean Q value Remarks. There are three species of the Gymnochaete group of the genus Hymenochaete somewhat similar to H. indica. H. innexa G. Cunn. differs in bigger setae 50 70( 75) ( 15) µm and spores ( 7.0) µm; the next two species have no hyphidia. H. vallata G. Cunn. has abundant crystals in the setal layer and cylindric slightly curved spores 3 4.2( 4.5) 5 (1.2 ) ( 2.0) µm; H. tenuis Peck has setae (25 ) (5 )6 10( 12) µm, suballantoid spores µm and has been only found in Europe and Americas. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am much indebted to Dr. K. Natarajan and Prof. C.V. Subramanian (Madras, India) for their generous help during my visit to India in The work was partly granted by the Indian University Grant Commission in and by the Estonian Science Foundation (Grant no. 2145). I am grateful to Prof. James Ginns (Penticton, Canada) for critically reviewing the manuscript. REFERENCES Holmgren, P. K., Holmgren, N. H. & Barnett, L. C Index Herbariorum. Part I: The herbaria of the world. 8 th ed. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J. H Methuen Handbook of Colour. 3rd Ed. London. Munsell Color Co., Inc Munsell Book of Color. Baltimore. Rayner, R. W A mycological Colour Chart. Commonwealth Mycological Institute and British Mycological Society, Kew.

43 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: (2003) Published on January 28, 2004 A revised list of Estonian Dermateaceae Ain Raitviir Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, Riia Street 181, EE Tartu, Estonia. ain@zbi.ee Abstract: Eighty five species belonging to 22 genera of the Ascomycete family Dermateaceae are listed. Two genera and 26 species are reported as new for Estonia. Kokkuvõte: A. Raitviir. Sugukonna Dermateaceae Eestis esinevate liikide nimestik. Nimestikus tuuakse ära 85 liiki sugukonna Dermateaceae 22 perekonnast. 2 perekonda ja 26 liiki on esmasleiud Eestist. INTRODUCTION The Dermateaceae is a long neglected family of the Helotiales in Estonia. Forty two species were included in a list of Estonian fungi (Järva & Parmasto, 1980; Järva & al., 1998). Recent studies by the author (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2000, 2001; Raitviir, 2002) have added 19 species. Now the author has critically revised the previously published data on the Dermateaceae found in Estonia and has examined here to for unidentified herbarium material deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of the Institute of Zoology and Botany (TAA). As a result of this study 22 genera and 85 species of Dermateaceae are listed from Estonia. Two genera, Calloria Fr. and Hysteronaevia Nannf., and 26 species marked with asterisk (*) are reported first time for Estonia. Nomenclature of earlier published species is updated and teleomorph-anamorph connections, if present, are indicated. The new records are identified by the author, if not stated otherwise. LIST OF SPECIES BELONIUM Sacc. BELONIUM GRAMINIS (Desm.) Sacc. Syn.: Beloniella graminis (Desm.) Rehm. Common dead culms of various grasses, reported on Agrostis gigantea, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Calamagrostis epigeios, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca arundinacea, F. pratensis, F. rubra, Phalaris arundinacea, Poa palustris and Sesleria coerulea (Soobik, 1988). BELONOPSIS (Sacc.) Rehm *BELONOPSIS HYDROPHILA (P. Karst.) Nannf. Known from a single locality on dead culms of Deschampsia caespitosa, Läänemaa Co., Kullamaa, , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA ). *BELONOPSIS MEDIELLA (P. Karst.) Aebi Known from a single locality on dead culms of Phragmites australis, Läänemaa Co., Valgevälja, , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA ). BELONOPSIS OBSCURA (Rehm) Aebi This species has been recorded only once on dead stems of Calluna vulgaris (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). BELONOPSIS RETINCOLA (Rabenh.) LeGal & F. Mangenot Syn.: Tapesia retincola (Rabenh.) P. Karst. It is a common species on dead culms of Phragmites australis, particularly in the western coast of Estonia. (Kalamees & al., 1976; Kalamees & Raitviir, 1982; Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). BLUMERIELLA Arx BLUMERIELLA JAAPII (Rehm) Arx Syn: Coccomyces hiemalis B. B. Higgins, Coccomyces prunophorae B. B. Higgins. Anamorph: Cylindrosporium hiemale B. B. Higgins. Syn.: Phleosporella hiemale (B. B. Higgins) Põldmaa. Very common on Cerasus vulgaris and more rarely on Prunus domestica, but reported usally in its anamorph state (Pärtel, 1962, 1974; Sooväli, 1962; Zherbele, 1961; Põldmaa, 1967; Jaama & al., 1979). In older studies placed into Phacidiales (Järva & Parmasto, 1980). CALLORIA Fr. *CALLORIA NEGLECTA (Lib.) B. Hein Anamorph: Cylindrocolla urticae (Fr.) Bonord. Syn.:

44 44 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Dacrymyces urticae Fr. On decaying lastyear stems of Urtica dioica, Tartumaa Co., Puhja Comm., Mõisanurme, (TAA ). It is the first record of teleomorph state of this fungus, which is common but rarely reported on dead stems of Urtica dioica in its anamorph state (Dietrich, 1856; Lepik, 1938). CATINELLA Boud. CATINELLA OLIVACEA (Pers.) Boud. There is only a single old record on decaying wood of Picea abies (Dietrich, 1856). CORONELLARIA (P. Karst.) P. Karst. CORONELLARIA PULICARIS (P. Karst.) Sacc. This rare species, usually growing on Carex spp. has been recorded on Scirpus tabernaemontani in a single locality (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). DERMEA Fr. DERMEA ARIAE (Pers.: Fr.) Tul. This species has been recorded only once on Sorbus aucuparia (Kalamees & Raitviir, 1979). DERMEA CERASI (Pers.) Fr. There is only a single old record on decaying wood of Cerasus vulgaris (Dietrich, 1856). DERMEA PRUNASTRI (Pers.: Fr.) Fr. There is only a single old record on decaying wood of Prunus domestica (Dietrich, 1856). DIPLOCARPON F.A. Wolf DIPLOCARPON EARLIANUM (Ell. & Everh.) F.A. Wolf Anamorph: Marssonina potentillae (Desm.) Magnus This species is mentioned only once as teleomorph (Pärtel, 1965), but it is widespread on various hosts (Comarum palustre, Fragaria ananassa, Potentilla anserina and Rubus saxatilis) as anamorph (Kikas & Pärtel, 1968; Pärtel, 1974; Ülevaade..., 1968; Põldmaa, 1967). DIPLOCARPON ROSAE F.A. Wolf Anamorph: Marssonina rosae (Lib.) Died. Common on Rosa spp., found mainly as anamorph (Grinfeld & Rumberg, 1986; Karis & Normet, 1986; Rumberg, 1975, 1983; Vardja, 1988; Kokovkin, 1986; Normet, 1986; Põldmaa, 1967). DIPLONAEVIA Sacc. *DIPLONAEVIA EMERGENS (P. Karst.) B. Hein Only one known locality on dead stems of Juncus conglomeratus, Lahemaa National Park, Pärispea peninsula, Viinistu, , coll. L. Viljasoo (TAA ). DIPLONAEVIA EXIGUA (Desm.) B. Hein Syn.: Hysteropezizella exigua (Desm.) Nannf. This species is reported twice growing on dead stems of Juncus sp. (Põldmaa & Raitviir, 1966; Kalamees & Raitviir 1982). It was also discovered on dead parts of Juncus articulatus in TAA herbarium of phanerogams: Tartu, Tähtvere forest, , coll. A. Vaga. DREPANOPEZIZA (Kleb.) Höhn. DREPANOPEZIZA RIBIS (Kleb.) Höhn. Syn.: Pseudopeziza ribis Kleb. Anamorph: Gloeosporium ribis (Lib.) Mont. & Desm. Syn.: Gloeosporidiella ribis (Lib.) Höhn. Reported on Ribes spp. (Kivi & Ojamets 1973; Jaaska & al., 1975) Teleomorph is very rare and this common species is known mainly in anamorph state (Koitjärv 1973, 1973a, 1974; Pärtel, 1974.; Ülevaade..., 1968; Põldmaa, 1967). HYSTERONAEVIA Nannf. *HYSTERONAEVIA SCIRPINA (Peck) Nannf. This fungus is found on dead stems and leaves of Trichophorum alpinum in two localities: Pärnumaa Co., Tõstamaa, west bank of lake Ermistu, , coll. S. Pärn & S. Talts (TAA ); Ida-Virumaa Co. North of Tarumaa, , coll H. Tamm (TAA ). Both collections were identified by Ch. Scheuer (Graz). HYSTEROPEZIZELLA Höhn. HYSTEROPEZIZELLA PUSILLA (Speg. & Roum.) Nannf. Syn.: Naevia pusilla (Lib.) Rehm. This fungus is known from a single locality in Saaremaa Co., on coastal dunes between Kuressaare and Anseküla, on dead stems of Juncus balticus (Vestergren, 1903; Buchgolz, 1916). LEPTOTROCHILA P. Karst. LEPTOTROCHILA CERASTIORUM (Wallr.) Schüepp Syn.: Fabraea cerastiorum (Wallr.) Rehm. This fungus is rather rare but sometimes very abundant on leaves of Cerastium caespitosum (Lepik, 1935; Põldmaa & Raitviir, 1966; Põldmaa, 1967).

45 45 LEPTOTROCHILA JASIONIS (Romell) Schüepp Syn.: Pyrenopeziza. jasionis Romell. This fungus is known from a single locality in Saaremaa Co., Rootsiküla, on dead basal leaves of Jasione montana (Vestergren, 1903; Buchgolz, 1916). The material was distributed in Vestergren, Micromycetes Rariores Selecti 9: 224b. LEPTOTROCHILA MEDICAGINIS (Fuckel) Schüepp Common and abundant on living leaves of Medicago falcata, M. lupulina and M. sativa (Põldmaa & Raitviir, 1966; Põldmaa, 1967). LEPTOTROCHILA RANUNCULI (Fr.) Schüepp Syn.: Fabraea ranunculi (Fr.) P. Karst. Very common on leaves of Ranunculus acer, R. auricomus, R. cassubicus and R. repens (Buchgolz, 1916; Karis & Normet, 1988; Lepik, 1935, 1939,1939a; Põldmaa, 1967; Põldmaa & Raitviir, 1966; Vestergren, 1903). *LEPTOTROCHILA REPANDA (Fr.) P. Karst. This species has been collected twice on living stems and leaves of Potentilla norvecia, Põlvamaa Co., Räpina, in the collection garden of Räpina Gardening School, & , coll. & det. P. Põldmaa (TAA 24986, 25635). LEPTOTROCHILA VERRUCOSA (Wallr.) Schüepp Common on dead leaves of Galium boreale (Põldmaa, 1967). MICROPEZIZA Fuckel MICROPEZIZA CORNEA (Berk. & Broome) Nannf. Fairly common on dead leaves of Carex spp. and. Eriophorum spp. (Raitviir, 2002). *MICROPEZIZA POAE Fuckel Known from a single locality on dead culms of Deschampsia caespitosa, Tartumaa Co., Haaslava Comm., Alaküla, , coll. A. Raitviir (TAA ). MOLLISIA (Fr.) P. Karst. *MOLLISIA ALCALIREAGENS Svrèek This fungus is known from a single locality on dead canes of Rubus idaeus, Valgamaa Co., Koobassaare, , coll. E.Parmasto (TAA 8445). MOLLISIA AMENTICOLA (Sacc.) Rehm Not rare on fallen female inflorescens of Alnus incana (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). *MOLLISIA ARTEMISIAE (Lasch) Gremmen Found only once on fallen dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris, Saaremaa Co., Ruhnu Island, SW of Ruhnu Village, , coll. E. & I. Parmasto (TAA 10538). MOLLISIA ARUNDINACEA (DC.) W. Phillips Syn: Pyrenopeziza arundinacea (Fr.) Gremmen. Common on dead culms and leaves of Calamagrostis epigeios and Phragmites communis (Raitviir, 1965; Soobik, 1988). MOLLISIA BENESUADA (Tul.) W. Phillips Not uncommon on bark of dead branches of Salix spp. (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). *MOLLISIA CAESPITICA (P. Karst.) P. Karst. There are two known localities: On dead branches of Quercus robur, Saaremaa Co., Muhumaa, Piiri, , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA 39250). On a fallen dead branch of Corylus avellana, Läänemaa Co., Kullamaa, , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA ). MOLLISIA CARICINA Fautrey Common on dead stems and leaves of Carex spp. (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). MOLLISIA CINEREA (Batsch: Fr.) P. Karst. Very common on decorticated decaying wood of coniferous and deciduous trees (Dietrich, 1856; Kalamees & Raitviir, 1979; Kalamees & Vaasma, 1989). MOLLISIA CLAVATA Gremmen Common on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria and dead canes of Rubus idaeus (Raitviir, 2002). *MOLLISIA DILUTELLA (Fr.) Gillet Syn.: Niptera dilutella (Fr.) Rehm. Known from a single locality on dead canes of Rubus idaeus, Hiiumaa Co., Emmaste Comm., Jausa, , coll. K. Leenurm, det. H.-O. Baral (TAA ). *MOLLISIA DISCOLOR (Mont. & Fr.) W. Phillips There is a single known locality on bark of a fallen dead branch of Sorbus aucuparia, Ida-Virumaa Co., Kohtla-Järve, Smolnitsa, , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA 39279). *MOLLISIA DISCOLOR (Mont. & Fr.) W. Phillips var. longispora LeGal There is a single known locality on decaying wood of Tilia cordata, Jõgevamaa Co., Puurmanni Comm., Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve, Võiviku zone, , coll. A. Raitviir (TAA ). *MOLLISIA ESCHARODES (Berk. & Broome) Gremmen There is a single known locality on dead culms of Rubus idaeus, Lääne-Virumaa Co., Käsmu, , coll. A. Raitviir (TAA 43521). *MOLLISIA FUSCOSTRIATA Graddon Known from a single locality on a dead herbaceous

46 46 Folia Cryptog. Estonica stem, Viljandimaa Co., Karksi Village, in swamp , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA ). MOLLISIA JUNCINA (Pers.) Rehm This species has been reported growing on dead stems of Juncus effusus and J. conglomeratus (Dietrich, 1859). MOLLISIA LIGNI (Desm.) P. Karst. Not uncommon on dead decorticated wood of coniferous and deciduous wood (Kalamees & Raitviir, 1979). *MOLLISIA MACROSPERMA (Sacc.) LeGal & F. Mangenot Known from a single locality on a fallen twig of Alnus incana, Valgamaa Co., Puka Comm., Aakre Forestry, sq. 119/ 11, , coll. K. Leenurm (TAA ). MOLLISIA MELALEUCA (Fr.) Sacc. Common on dead wood of coniferous and deciduous trees (Kalamees & Raitviir, 1979). MOLLISIA PALUSTRIS (Roberge) P. Karst. Common on dead stems of Juncus spp. (Kalamees & Raitviir, 1982). MOLLISIA PASTINACAE Nannf. Syn.: Pyrenopeziza pastinacae (Nannf.) Gremmen. Common on dead stems of Angelica sylvestris (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). MOLLISIA PERPARVULA P. Karst. Rarely on bark of Betula spp. (Raitviir, 2002). *MOLLISIA PTERIDINA (Nyl.) P. Karst. On dead fronds of Pteridium aquilinum, Harjumaa Co., Riisipere, , coll. A. Raitviir (TAA 43751). *MOLLISIA RAMEALIS (P. Karst.) P. Karst. Very common, but surprisingly there are no published records of this conspicuous species growing on fallen thin branches of Betula spp. and other deciduous trees. Some representative collections in TAA are: On a fallen branch of a deciduous tree, Läänemaa Co., Kulli, , coll. A. Raitviir (TAA 40910). On fallen thin branches of Betula sp., Ida-Virumaa Co., Boroni Nature Reserve, , coll. A. Raitviir (TAA 44918, 44922). On a fallen thin branch of Salix sp., Jõgevamaa Co., Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve, Umbusi-Epruraba zone, Kursi Forestry, sq. 300, , coll. & det. K. Leenurm (TAA ). On a fallen small twig of a deciduous tree, Valga Co., Taheva Comm., Koiva meadow forest, , coll. K. Leenurm (TAA ). MOLLISIA REVINCTA (P. Karst.) Rehm Common on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria and dead canes of Rubus idaeus (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). MOLLISIA UMBONATA (Pers.) Sacc. This species has been reported growing on dead wood of Alnus sp. (Dietrich, 1859). *MOLLISIA VENTOSA (P. Karst.) P. Karst. This species is known from a single locality growing on dead wood of a deciduous tree, Viljandi Co., Heimtali, , coll. U. & K. Kalamees (TAA 71245). NEOFABRAEA Jackson NEOFABRAEA ALBA (E.J. Guthrie) Verkley Anamorph: Phlyctema vagabunda Desm. Syn.: Gloeosporium album Osterw. This species is common and widespread on fruits and dead bark of Malus spp. cult. It has been found only as anamorph (Kivilaan, 1936; Lamp, 1967; Lepist, 1972; Pärtel, 1974). NEOFABRAEA MALICORTICIS H.S. Jacks. Anamorph: Cryptosporiopsis curvispora (Peck) Gremmen. Common and widespread on bark and fruits of Malus domestica and Pyrus communis. Found mainly as anamorph (Leius & al., 1939; Lepist, 1972; Randalu, 1954; Pärtel, 1959). PEZICULA Tul. & C. Tul. *PEZICULA ACERICOLA (Peck) Peck There is a single known locality on dead wood of Acer platanoides, Jõgevamaa Co., Reola, , coll. K. Kalamees (TAA 78181). PEZICULA AESCULA Kirschst. Rarely on dead branches of Corylus avellana (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). PEZICULA CINNAMOMEA (Pers.) Sacc. Widely distributed but not abundant on dead bark of Pinus sylvestris and Acer platanoides (Kalamees & Raitviir, 1979). PEZICULA CORTICOLA (C.A. Jørg.) Nannf. Common on bark of Malus domestica and Pyrus communis (Leius & al., 1939; Lepik, 1938, 1940; Randalu, 1954). *PEZICULA EUCRITA (P. Karst.) P. Karst. Known from a single locality on bark of dead branches of Pinus sylvestris, Tartumaa Co., Järvselja, Apnasaar, , coll. B. Kullman (TAA 60832). PEZICULA FRANGULAE (Fr.) Fuckel Common on dead branches of Frangula alnus (Põldmaa & Raitviir, 1966).

47 47 PEZICULA RUBI (Lib.) Niessl. Rarely on dead canes of Rubus idaeus (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2000). PIROTTAEA Sacc. PIROTTAEA ASTRAGALI Nannf. Rarely on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). PIROTTAEA NIGROMARGINATA Graddon Rarely on dead stems of Heracleum sp. (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). PIROTTAEA PILOSISSIMA Nannf. Rarely on dead stems of Veronica longifolia (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). *PIROTTAEA SENECIONIS Nannf. Known from a single collection on dead stems of Centaurea jacea, Viljandimaa Co., on the bank of lake Viljandi, , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA ). PODOPHACIDIUM Niessl. PODOPHACIDIUM XANTHOMELUM (Pers.) Kavina Rarely on the ground (Kalamees & Raitviir, 1979; Raitviir, 1981). PSEUDOPEZIZA Fuckel PSEUDOPEZIZA CALTHAE (W. Phillips) Massee Syn.: Fabraea rousseauana Sacc. & E. Bommer. Common on leaves of Caltha palustris (Vestergren, 1903; Buchgolz, 1916; Kalamees & Raitviir, 1982). PSEUDOPEZIZA MEDICAGINIS (Lib.) Sacc. Very common on leaves of Medicago falcata, M. sativa and M. x varia (Laats, 1960; Lepik, 1943; Liblikõieliste..., 1964; Jaama & al., 1979; Ülevaade..., 1976). PSEUDOPEZIZA MELILOTI Syd. Fairly common on Melilotus albus (Liblikõieliste..., 1964). PSEUDOPEZIZA TRIFOLII (Biv.) Fuckel Very common on leaves of Melilotus albus, Trifolium arvense, T. hybridum, T. medium, T. pratense, T. repens, T. sativum and T. sp. (Kivi, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1963a, 1963b, 1970; Kivi & Kivi, 1968; Koitjärv, 1969; Lepik, 1939; Põldmaa & Raitviir, 1966; Tomson, 1934; Põldmaa, 1967; Jaama & al., 1979). PYRENOPEZIZA Fuckel *PYRENOPEZIZA ARCTII (W. Phillips) Nannf. Known from a single locality on dead stems of Arctium sp., Viljandimaa Co., Võhma, , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA ). *PYRENOPEZIZA ARTEMISIAE (Lasch) Rehm Known from a single locality on dead stems of Artemisia vulgaris, Läänemaa Co., Kullamaa, , coll. P. Põldmaa (TAA ). PYRENOPEZIZA COMPRESSULA Rehm Rarely on dead stems of Potentilla norvegica (Lepik, 1939a). PYRENOPEZIZA GALII-VERI (P. Karst.) Sacc. Common on dead stems of Galium mollugo (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). PYRENOPEZIZA EUPHRASIAE (Fuckel) Kunze Syn.: Beloniella euphrasiae (Fuckel) Rehm. Rarely on dead stems of Euphrasia sp. (Vestergren, 1903; Buchgolz, 1916). PYRENOPEZIZA LYCOPI Rehm Rarely on dead stems of Lythrum salicaria (Vestergren, 1903; Buchgolz, 1916). PYRENOPEZIZA MILLEGRANA Boud. Rarely on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). PYRENOPEZIZA PULVERACEA (Fuckel) Gremmen Rarely on dead stems of Filipendula ulmaria (Raitviir & Leenurm, 2001). PYRENOPEZIZA RUBI (Fr.) Rehm Common on dead canes of Rubus idaeus (Kalamees & Raitviir, 1979). PYRENOPEZIZA THALICTRI (Peck) Sacc. Syn.: Beloniella osiliensis Vestergren. Fairly common on dead stems of Thalictrum sp. (Lepik, 1928; Vestergren, 1903; Buchgolz, 1916). TAPESIA (Pers.: Fr.) Fuckel TAPESIA FUSCA (Fr.) Fuckel Very common on dead wood of deciduous and coniferous trees (Põldmaa & Raitviir, 1966; Kalamees & Raitviir, 1979; Prokhorov & Raitviir, 1985). *TAPESIA LIVIDO-FUSCA (Fr.) Rehm Known from a single locality on decaying log of Populus tremula, Tartumaa Co., Tähtvere forest, , coll. K. Kalamees (TAA 70276). TAPESIA PRUNORUM (Fr.) Fuckel Rarely on dead wood of deciduous trees (Raitviir, 2002). Excluded taxa BELONIELLA (Sacc.) Boud. should be excluded from the Dermateaceae as a synonym of Odontura Clem. This genus belongs to Odontotremataceae (Ostropales), fide Sherwood-Pike (1987).

48 48 Folia Cryptog. Estonica BELONIELLA DECIPIENS Rehm Reported on Galium mollugo (Vestergren, 1903; Buchgolz, 1916). The taxonomic position of this species is unclear. BELONIELLA NUDA Gucevic Reported on Festuca rubra (Soobik, 1988). The identity of this species and its true taxonomic position remain unknown. PYRENOPEZIZA POLYMORPHA Rehm Reported to grow on various grasses (Soobik, 1988). It is an evident misidentification, because this species is described growing on Galium mollugo. Its identity cannot be traced because no description is given and no herbarium material is preserved. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was supported by the Estonian Science Foundation grant 4078 to the author. The author is indebted to all collectors who have deposited their collections of the Dermateaceae in TAA. Special thanks are due to Ms. Mall Vaasma for the help in preparing the manuscript. Dr. John H. Haines has critically read the manuscript. REFERENCES Buchgolz, F. V Materialy k flore gribov ostrova Ezelja. In Materialy po mikologicheskomu obsledovaniyu Rossii 3 (in Russian), pp Petrograd. Dietrich, H. A Blicke in die Cryptogamenwelt der Ostseeprovinzen. Arch. Naturk. Liv-, Ehst- u. Kurl., Ser. 2, 1 (4): Dietrich, H. A Blicke in die Cryptogamenwelt der Ostseeprovinzen. Zweite Abtheilung. Arch. Naturk. Liv.-, Ehst- u. Kurl., Ser. 2, 1 (5): Grinfeld, R. & Rumberg, V Roosi-tahmlaiksus Eestis ja tõrje bioloogilised alused. In Iluaiandus. Aiandus- ja haljastusalaseid uurimusi, (ed. Rumberg, V.), pp Tallinn. Jaama, A., Koitjärv, L., Kikas, L. & Pähnapuu, O Ülevaade taimekahjurite ja -haiguste levikust aastal Eesti NSV-s, prognoos nende ilmumise kohta ning tõrje aastaks. Taimekaitse 2: Jaaska, E., Kivi, K. & Ojamets, E Punase ja musta sõstra seenhaigused ning sortide haiguskindlus. In Aiandus ja mesindus. EAMS-i Tartu osakonna XV, XVI ja XVII teadusliku sessiooni materjale, pp Tallinn. Järva, L. & Parmasto, E List of Estonian Fungi. Tartu, 331 pp. Järva, L., Parmasto, I. & Vaasma, M List of Estonian Fungi. Supplement 1. Tartu, 183pp. Kalamees, K., Kelder, H. & Lasting, V Eesti mükoloogide teaduslikud ühismatkad Eesti Loodusuur. Seltsi Aastar. 64: Kalamees, K. & Raitviir, A A preliminary list of macrofungi. In Spruce forest ecosystem structure and ecology. 2. Basic data on the Estonian Vooremaa project, (ed. Frey, T.), pp Tartu. Kalamees, K. & Raitviir, A A list of higher fungi of Estonian peatlands. In Peatland ecosystems, (ed. Masing, V.), pp Tallinn. Kalamees, K. & Vaasma, M. (compl.) The preliminary list of fungi registered in the localities of scientific excursions. (Tenth Congress of European Mycologists). Tallinn. 43 pp. Karis, H. & Normet, T Parasiitseentest Tallinna Botaanikaaeda introdutseeritud taimedel I. Puu- ja põõsaliikidel. In Iluaiandus. Aiandus- ja haljastusalaseid uurimusi, (ed. Rumberg, V.), pp Tallinn. Karis, H. & Normet, T Fütopatogeensete pisiseente kasutamisest keskkonna seisundi hindamisel. In Kaasaegsed ökoloogia probleemid. Vabariikliku IV ökoloogiakonverentsi teesid, pp Tartu. Kikas, L. & Pärtel, E Maasikaistandike tervislikust seisukorrast. Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 23 (8): Kivi, H. & Kivi, K Ristikuhaiguste määraja. Abiks loodusevaatlejale 55: 28 pp. Kivi, K Punasel ja roosal ristikul esinenud seenhaigustest Põlva, Rapla ja Tartu rajoonis a. In Eesti Põllumajanduse Akadeemia üliõpilaste teaduslike tööde kogumik 1, pp Tartu. Kivi, K Punasel ristikul (Trifolium sativum Crome) esinevatest seenhaigustest Eesti NSV-s. In Eesti Põllumajanduse Akadeemia teaduslike tööde kogumik, 15. Agron., pp Tartu. Kivi, K Parasitic on Representatives of the Genus Trifolium in the Estonian S.S.R. (In Russian). In Botaanilised uurimused 2, (ed. Parmasto, E.), pp Tartu. Kivi, K Mõningate mikroelementide mõjust punasele ristikule külviaastal. In Eesti Põllumajanduse Akadeemia teaduslike tööde kogumik, 28. Agron., pp Tartu. Kivi, K. 1963a. Ristiku-pruunlaiksuse (Pseudopeziza trifolii (Biv.-Bern) Fuck.) kahjustusest Eesti NSVs. In Eesti Põllumajanduse Akadeemia teaduslike tööde kogumik, 35. Agron., pp Tartu. Kivi, K. 1963b. On the damage made to clover in the ESSR by harmful fungi. (In Russian). In Proceedings of the second symposium on the investigations of the myco-lichen flore of the Baltic Republics (ed. Minkevicius, A.), pp Vilnius. Kivi, K On Possibilities of Combined Application of Various Microfertilizers. (In Russian). Sbornik nauchnykh trudov ESHA 69:

49 49 Kivi, K. & Ojamets, E Punase sõstra seenhaigused. Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 28 (18): Kivilaan, A Hoiuruumihaiguste esinemisest õuntel meie harilikkudes keldritingimustes. Agronoomia 16 (12): Koitjärv, L Köögiviljakahjurite ja -haiguste levik a. ja tõrje. Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 24 (9): Koitjärv, L Viljapuude ja marjakultuuride kahjurite ja haiguste levikust Eestis aastail Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 28 (17): Koitjärv, L. (compl.) 1973a. Ülevaade taimekahjurite ja -haiguste levikust aastal Eesti NSV-s, prognoos nende ilmumise kohta ning tõrje aastaks. Taimekaitse, pp. Koitjärv, L. (compl.) Ülevaade taimekahjurite ja -haiguste levikust aastal Eesti NSV-s, prognoos nende ilmumise kohta ning tõrje aastaks. Taimekaitse, pp. Kokovkin, R. E Razvitiye i rasprostraneniye chernoi pyatnistosti roz v usloviyah proizrastaniya v Estonskoi SSR. In Voprosy dekorativnogo sadovodstva i landshaftovedeniya, pp Tallinn. Laats, A Taimehaigused. In Seemnepõldude tunnustaja käsiraamat, pp Tallinn. Lamp, L Õunte hoidlahaigustest. Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 22 (15): Leius, K., Ratt, A. & Toomre, R Ähvardavad ja puukooli ohukad taimekahjustajad. Tallinn. 96 pp. Lepik, E Beiträge zur Nomenklatur der ostbaltischen Pilzflora I. Loodusuur. Seltsi Aruanded 35 (1/2): Lepik, E On the Fungusflora of Ruhnu (Runö) Island. Tartu Ülik. Taimeh.-Katsej. Teated 29: Lepik, E Fütopatoloogilisi märkmeid. Loodusuur. Seltsi Aruanded 43 (3,4): Lepik, E Beiträge zur Nomenklatur der ostbaltischen Pilzflora IV VI. Tartu Ülik. Taimeh.- Katsej. Teated 56: Lepik, E. 1939a. Contributions to the Fungus Flora of Estonia I. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis (Dorpatensis) 34 (7): 38 pp. Lepik, E Viljapuude tüvepõletiku levikust. Agronoomia 20 (4): 953. Lepik, E Fütopatoloogilised märkmed 11. Loodusuur. Seltsi Aruanded 47 (3 4): Lepist, A Õunapuude mükofloorast Eestis. In Aiandus ja mesindus. EAMS-i Tartu osakonna XIII ja XIV teadusliku sessiooni materjale, pp Tallinn. Liblikõieliste heintaimede haigused ja kahjurid Tallinn. Normet, T. K On the mycoflora of the leaves of woody plants in urban and natural conditions. (In Russian). In Ekologicheskiye i fiziologo-biohimicheskiye aspekty antropotolerantnosti rastenij, pp Tallinn. Prokhorov, V. P. & Raitviir, A. G Discomycetes collected in early spring in the vicinity of Tartu. (In Russian). Folia Cryptog. Estonica 19: 1 5. Põldmaa, P Phytopathogenic Micromycetes of the North Estonia. (In Russian). Valgus, Tallinn. 322 pp. Põldmaa, P. & Raitviir, A Andmeid Põhja-Eesti rannikuala liudseente (Discomycetes) kohta. Eesti NSV Tead. Akad. Toimet. Ser. Biol. 15 (4): Pärtel, E Issledovaniya nekotoryh boleznei i vreditelei plodovyh kultur i mer borby s nimi. In Kratkiye itogi, pp Riga. Pärtel, E Uuest ohtlikust haigusest kirsipuudel. Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 17 (5): Pärtel, E Marjapõõsaste lehtede enneaegsest varisemisest. Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 20 (11): Pärtel, E Viljapuude ja marjakultuuride kahjustajad. Tallinn. 328 pp. Raitviir, A Graminicolous Discomycetes in Estonia. (In Russian). In Problemy izucheniya gribov i lishainikov (ed. Parmasto, E.), pp Tartu. Raitviir, A Haruldased ja huvitavad seened Viidumäe Riiklikul Looduskaitsealal. Eesti Loodus 24 (5): Raitviir, A New Estonian Records. Helotiales (Ascomycetes). Folia Cryptog. Estonica 39: 61. Raitviir, A. & Leenurm, K New species and new records of Ascomycetes from Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 37: Raitviir, A. & Leenurm, K Rare and interesting species of the Dermateaceae from Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 38: Randalu, I Kahest ohtlikust viljapuuhaigusest. Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 9 (3): Rumberg, V Rooside haigused ja haiguskindlus. In Aiandus ja mesindus. EAMS-i Tartu Osakonna XV, XVI ja XVII teadusliku sessiooni materjale, pp Tallinn. Rumberg, V Ohtlikumad roosihaigused avamaal ja nende tõrje. In Aiandus ja mesindus, pp Tallinn. Sherwood-Pike, M The Ostropalean Fungi III: the Odontotremataceae. Mycotaxon 28: Soobik, P. I Microfungi on the Plants of Graminae (Graminaea) Family in Estonia. (In Russian). Tallinn. 40 pp. Sooväli, K Veel kord kirsipuude uuest haigusest. Sotsialistlik Põllumajandus 17 (22): Tomson, R Ristikuvähk ja teised ristiku haigused Eestis. Tartu Ülik. Taimeh.-Katsej. Teated 23: Vardja, R The biology of Diplocarpon rosae Wolf in Estonia. (In Russian). In 11 symposium

50 50 Folia Cryptog. Estonica of the mycologists and lichenologists of the Baltic republics and Byelorussia (eds Parmasto, E. & Trass, H.), pp Tallinn. Vestergren, T Zur Pilzflora der Insel Oesel. Hedwigia 42: Zherbele, I O rasprostranenii i spetsializatsii Coccomyces hiemalis Higg. v Pribaltike. Kratkiye itogi 4 (1): Riga. Ülevaade taimekahjurite ja -haiguste levikust aastal Eesti NSV-s, prognoos nende ilmumise kohta ning nende tõrje aastaks Tallinn. 57 pp. Ülevaade taimekahjurite ja -haiguste levikust aastal Eesti NSV-s, prognoos nende ilmumise kohta ning tõrje aastaks Tallinn. 36 pp.

51 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: (2003) Published on January 28, 2004 The bryological collection in the herbarium of the Institute of Zoology and Botany Kai Vellak Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, 181 Riia str., Tartu, Estonia. Abstract: The bryological collections included in the herbarium of the Institute of Zoology and Botany (TAA) contain more than specimens. Collected material is arranged into four sections: Estonian herbarium (ca ), geographical collections (ca specimens), historical collections (ca specimens) and herbarium of exsiccatae (715 specimens). The type specimens and exciccatae deposited in herbarium are listed. Kokkuvõte: K. Vellak. Zooloogia ja Botaanika Instituudi brüoloogilised kollektsioonid. Zooloogia ja Botaanika Instituudi herbariumis (TAA) paikneb sammalde kogu, mis sisaldab enam kui eksemplari. Kogu on jaotatud neljaks sektsiooniks: Eesti herbarium (ca eksemplari), geograafilised kollektsioonid (ca eksemplari), ajaloolised kollektsioonid (ca eksemplari) ja eksikaatide kogu (715 eksemplari). Loetletud on kogus paiknevad tüüpeksemplarid ja eksikaadid. INTRODUCTION Herbaria preserve genetic and historical information of plant and fungal species, give us evidence about the previous occurrence of species already disappeared from the region, and about changes in the flora of the region. Herbarium collections are therefore an essential part of every botanical research institution (Kull 1999). In Estonia the importance of herbarium collections has been discussed thoroughly by T. Kukk (1997). Although his arguments are based on vascular plant collections, they are also valid for other herbaria in general. The majority of published articles concerning herbaria are based on vascular plants (Vilberg 1933; Eichwald & Trass 1960, Laasimer 1970 etc.), and less attention has been paid to cryptogam collections. Only a survey about TU lichenological collections (Saag et al. 1998) and short description of the bryological collection in the Estonian Museum of Natural History (Kannukene 2001) have been published recently. Estonian bryological collections are located in four main herbaria, which contain ca specimens in all. However, the total number of bryophyte specimens in all Estonian bryological collections together is not high and is comparable with the size of a single lichenological collection at TU. The bryological collections included in the herbarium of the Institute of Zoology and Botany (TAA) with more than specimens constitute Estonia s largest bryophyte herbarium at the moment. The bryophyte herbarium at the University of Tartu (TU) includes around specimens (M. Leis s personal comments), among which the most presentable specimens are deposited in the historical collections. About the same number of specimens are included in the herbarium of the Estonian Museum of Natural History (TAM; Kannukene 2001), and somewhat less in the herbarium of Tallinn Botanical Garden (TALL; T. Piin s personal comments). Besides the herbaria mentioned above there are also some private collections of bryophytes and smaller herbaria at some nature protection areas (Endla, Nigula etc). Despite the small size of Estonian bryological collections, they have provided good scientific material for compiling several lists and distribution maps of Estonian bryophytes (latest: Kannukene 1986; Ingerpuu et al. 1994, 1998; Söderström et al. 1996, 1998, 2002). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The history of the bryological herbarium began in 1947, when first bryological collections were donated from the Estonian Naturalist s Society to the newly established Institute of Zoology and Botany. This donation included nine different collections in 18 packages altogether (Kongo 1980). The largest collection of them was the Estonian Naturalist s Society s (ENS) own col-

52 52 Folia Cryptog. Estonica lection. Some collections have been lost during several relocations of the herbarium. Hence, the present location of the following three collections is unknown: M. zur Mühlen s Musci Estonici, the moss-collection of N. Seidlitz and Cryptogamae Lapponiae. In September 2003 the bryological collection of the TAA herbarium consisted of more than specimens of ca species. Collected material is arranged into four sections: Estonian herbarium ca identified specimens and ca 2000 unidentified specimens Geographical collections ca 1800 identified specimens and ca 1000 unidentified specimens Historical collections ca 7200 specimens Herbarium of exsiccatae 715 specimens. Within each collection the divisions are arranged in a phylogenetic system so that hornworts, hepatics and mosses are separated.. The taxonomy of Grolle & Long (2000) is followed for hepatics and hornworts, and that of Corley et al. (1981, 1991) for mosses. Within a division the genera and species are arranged alphabetically. At present, only three type specimens are deposited in the herbarium: Myriocolepis riparia Reine & Grandst. (paratype, located in the geographical collections section); Sphagnum girgensohnii Russ. (syntype, located in the historical collections section); Sphagnum majus (Russ.) C. Jens. (lectotype, located in the historical collections section). However, the herbarium contains potential typespecimens for several species described by E. Russow and G. K. Girgensohn. At their time, it was not customary to point out a type specimen, and therefore, specimens of S. wulfianum Girg., S. balticum (Russ.) C. Jens., S. angustifolium (Russ.) C. Jens. and S. warnstorfii Russ. are waiting for typification. Also the potential typematerial for Sphagnum fallax (Klinggr.) Klinggr. is deposited in TAA herbarium, since this species was first described by E. Russow as Sphagnum recurvum ssp. mucronatum. The material on which the description is based occurs in Russow s collection. The Estonian herbarium constitutes the largest part of the TAA bryophyte herbarium, containing representatives of 455 species with total of ca specimens. This collection is also the most exhaustive in the whole Estonia. Specimens of both Estonian hornwort species are deposited here, and 112 species of the 117 Estonian hepatic species are represented with more than specimens. The herbarium includes also voucher material for the majority (341 species) of mosses. If we include Estonian species deposited in the historical collections, 358 (86 %) of the Estonian moss-species are represented in the herbarium of TAA. In addition to the identified specimens mentioned above, ca documented and arranged, but still unidentified specimens collected at different times by different Estonian scientists, belong to this herbarium. For the two missing hepatic species Jungermannia subulata Evans and Jungermannia gracillima Sm. only literature reports are available, and the three other species Athalamia hyalina (Sommerf.) Hatt., Barbilophozia floerkei (Web. & Mohr) Loeske, and Cephalozia catenulata (Hüb.) Lindb. have voucher material in the herbarium of TU (Ingerpuu et al. 1994, Vellak et al. 2001). Geographical collections, containing material collected outside Estonia, are arranged into the geographical sections: Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, South and North America. The geographical areas nearby Estonia are best represented and the herbarium is rich in material from the European part of Russia and from Scandinavia. In 2001, the herbarium received 291 specimens of European bryophytes as a gift from the Herbarium Schäfer Verwimp (Germany). Quite remarkable including more than 700 specimens is also the collection from Australia. It was received as a gift by H. Streimann, who was a bryologist of Estonian origin living in Canberra. On the other hand, the herbarium has only a few isolated specimens from North America. The material has been mainly collected during different expeditions by various scientists, and a smaller part has been received as gifts or in exchanges.

53 53 Historical collections. The old material is kept separately, because in these collections bryophytes are usually pasted on paper and put into separate folders. In some cases, even specimens collected from different geographical locations are pasted on the same paper. Changing this arrangement could destroy the cultural value of the collection. The oldest specimen in the herbarium is a specimen labelled as Ceratodon chlorophus Brid., collected by B. Fiedler in 1826 from Germany. The oldest specimen from Estonia is identified as Barbilophozia barbata (Schreb.) Loeske and it was collected by G. K. Girgensohn from Tartu already in The collections of the most famous Estonian bryologists from the 19 th century, E. A. F. Russow and G. K. Girgensohn, are included in the historical collections. Their collections have reached the herbarium in different ways. The well-organised and identified collection of Girgnesohn with its 925 sheets was received as a donation from the Estonian Naturalists Society in 1947 together with others collections. The history of Russow s collection is more exciting. The collection was taken to St. Petersburg during a war and it was brought back to Estonia only at the end of the 1980s. It is unclear to which Estonian herbarium that collection should belong, since there is no exact evidence of its former ownership. We do not even know the exact size of his enormous collection. The collection located in TAA contains 4237 sheets for 25 species and numerous subspecies described by Russow. It seems that part of the collection has been lost, since for some species that he has described, no material can be found in his collection. Still, there is lot of wonderful material for several species described by Russow, some of which are supplied with original drawings. There is also material without any comments. Also potential type-specimens for species described by Russow are kept in his collection. Herbarium of Estonian Naturalists Society consists about 1300 herbarium sheets collected mainly by A. A. Bruttan from Estonia and Northern Latvia. His collection contains also specimens from different collectors, which he got from Germany in exchange. On the basis of the collected material Bruttan compiled lists of hepatics and bryophytes of the Baltic region of Russia at the end of 19 th century (Bruttan 1891, 1892). The Estonian Naturalists Society supported several collecting trips of amateur botanists and they donated their collections to the ENS. In this way the ENS received the private herbarium of a schoolteacher, K. E. Nicklasen, which contains 491 sheets for 167 species, collected mainly from the surroundings of Tallinn. This herbarium includes also some specimens of J. Mikutowicz collected from Estonia during On the basis of that material, he later compiled the exsiccate herbarium of the Baltic region Bryotheca Baltica. Herbarium of exsiccatae. This part of herbarium contains mainly exsiccatae from Europe and the European part of Russia (Table 1), which have been received as gifts or exchange material from different herbaria all over the world. There are: Flora Exsiccata Liv-, Est- und Kurlands (19 th century, undated); Musci Frondosi Exsiccati (B. Fridler , from different parts of Europe), Hepaticae et Musci URSS Exsiccati (Savicz- Ljubitzkaja 1957); Bryophyta Murmanica Exsiccata (Konstantinova, Belkina, Likhachev and Shljakov 1989, 1998); Bryophyta Rossica et Civitatum Collimitanearum Exsiccata (Afonina 1995); Bryophyta Karelica Exsiccata (Lantratova, Bakalin and Maksimov 1999). At the middle of the 1990s the herbarium also received part of Musci Australiasiae Exsiccati (Streimann ). Recently we started to compile a web-based database for Estonian bryological herbaria. The linked database will help to find information about species rapidly, regardless of their location. First of all, we are making lists of species occurring in different collections and this will be made available at our bryological web-site:

54 54 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Table 1. Bryological exsiccate material in TAA Name of collection Series Numbers in TAA Flora Exsiccata Liv-, Est- und Kurlands 167 specimens, partly without numbers Musci Frondosi Exsiccati Fasc Hepaticae et Musci URSS Exsiccati Fasc , 6 10 Fasc. 2 Fasc Bryophyta Murmanica Exsiccata Fasc Fasc , 107, Bryophyta Rossica et Civitatum Collimitanearum Exsiccata Fasc. 1 Fasc Bryophyta Karelica Exsiccata Fasc Musci Australiasiae Exsiccati Fasc , 11,16,18,22 Fasc. 2 28,34 35,37 39,43 45,49 50 Fasc. 3 53,57 58,67,71 72,74 Fasc ,85,92, Fasc , , ,124 Fasc ,136 Fasc ,172,175 Fasc ,180,183, Fasc ,207,212,214,219,225 Fasc ,247 Fasc , ,265 Fasc ,272,279,285, , , 300 Fasc ,314,316, , ,339 Fasc , , ,367,373,376,379,383,387,395 LITERATURE Bruttan, A Verziechnis der in den baltischen Provinzen Russlands vorkommenden, resp. bisher aufgefundenen Lebermoose. Sitzungsber. Naturf.- Gesellsch. Univ. Dorpat 9 (2): Bruttan, A Über die einheimische Laubmoose. Sitzungsber. Naturf.-Gesellsch. Univ. Dorpat 9 (3): Corley, M.F.V., Crundwell, A.C., Düll., R., Hill, O. & Smith, A.J.E Mosses of Europe and the Azores; an annotated list of species, with synonyms from the recent literature. Journal of Bryology 11: Corley, MF.V. & Crundwell, A.C Additions and amendments to the mosses of Europe and the Azores. Journal of Bryology 16: Eichwald, K. & Trass, H TRÜ taimesüstemaatika ja geobotaanika kateedri botaanilised kogud. Tartu Riikliku Ülikooli Toimetised 93: Grolle, R. & Long, D.G An annotated check-list of the Hepaticae and Antocerotae of Europe and Macaronesia. Journal of Bryology 22: Ingerpuu, N., Kalda, A., Kannukene, L., Krall, H., Leis, M. & Vellak, K Eesti sammalde nimestik. Abiks loodusevaatlejale 94: Ingerpuu, N., Kalda, A., Kannukene, L., Krall, H., Leis, M. & Vellak, K Eesti sammalde määraja. Eesti Loodusfoto, Tartu, 239 lk. Kannukene, L Listostebelnye mkhi Estonskoi SSR. (in Russian). Botanitcheskii Zhurnal 71 (2):

55 55 Kongo, L Loodusuurijate Seltsi tegevuse teine poolsajand ( ). Eesti Loodusuurijate Seltsi Aastaraamat 68: Kukk, T Eesti soontaimede herbaariumid hetkeseis ja perspektiivid. Rukkilill 5: Kull, T Eesti Bioloogilise Mitmekesisuse Kaitse Strateegia ja tegevuskava. Eesti Loodusfoto, Tartu pp. Laasimer, L Herbaarium teaduslik kultuurivara. Eesti Loodus 13: Söderström, L. (ed.) Preliminary distribution maps of bryophytes in northwestern Europe. Vol. 2. Musci (A I). Trondheim. 72 pp. Söderström, L. (ed.) Preliminary Distribution Maps of Bryophytes in Northwestern Europe.Vol. 3 Musci (J Z). Trondheim. 69 pp. Söderström, L., Hassel, K., Weibull, H. (eds.) Preliminary Distribution Maps of Bryophytes in Northwestern Europe.Vol. 1. Hepaticae and Athocerotae (2.ed.). Trondheim. 55 pp. Vellak, K., Kannukene, L., Ingerpuu, N. & Leis, M Additions to the list of the Estonian bryophytes, Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 38: Vilberg, G Kodumaa tähtsamad herbaariumid. Loodusevaatleja 4(2):

56 56 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

57 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: (2003) Published on January 28, 2004 Additional data on Latvian myxomycetes Edgars Vimba 1 & Grazina Adamonyte 2 1 University of Latvia, Kronvalda Blvd. 4, LV 1586 Riga, Latvia evimba@lanet.lv 2 Institute of Botany, Zaliuju ezeru 49, LT 2021 Vilnius, Lithuania grazina@botanika.lt Abstract: Based on unpublished collections of myxomycetes deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Latvia (RIG), 38 myxomycete species are reported from various regions of Latvia, among them 10 species registered in the territory for the first time: Arcyria affinis, A. oerstedii, Badhamia macrocarpa, Collaria elegans, Didymium iridis, D. minus, Fuligo candida, Lamproderma arcyrioides, Metatrichia floriformis, and Physarum robustum. Records include substrate and locality data. Brief morphological descriptions are provided for critical specimens. Collection sites are mapped. Kokkuvõte: Lisaandmeid Läti limakutest. Läti Ülikooli (RIG) herbaariumis säilitatavatest avaldamata sisuga kollektsioonidest on leitud 38 erinevatelt Läti aladelt kogutud limaku liiki, milledest 10 on uued antud alale: Arcyria affinis, A. oerstedii, Badhamia macrocarpa, Collaria elegans, Didymium iridis, D. minus, Fuligo candida, Lamproderma arcyrioides, Metatrichia floriformis ja Physarum robustum. Esitatakse substraatide ja leiukohtade andmed. Kriitiliste eksemplaride puhul on lisatud lühidad morfoloogilised kirjeldused. Levikuandmed on kaardistatud. INTRODUCTION Investigations of the Latvian myxomycetes, or acellular slime molds, date back as far as 1890, when Rothert published his material collected near Riga (Rothert, 1890). Later on, when revising and summarising research results on myxomycetes in Latvia and Estonia, Bucholtz reported 43 species of these organisms from Latvia, mostly on the basis of the abovementioned publication by Rothert (Bucholtz, 1908). Having investigated mycobiota in the Moricsala Nature Reserve (in the north-western part of Latvia, in Ventspils distr.), Kupffer presented 22 species of myxomycetes (Kupffer, 1931). More than 50 years later, 40 myxomycete species were reported from the Slitere National Park, Talsi distr., among them 15 species new to Latvia (Ruskule & Vimba, 1987). Recent examination of K. R. Kupfer myxomycete collection kept in the Herbarium of the University of Latvia has added nine new species (Adamonyte & Vimba, 2003). Thus, in total, approximately 80 species of these organisms have been recorded in Latvia, so far. Realising that this group has been underinvestigated in Latvia and that the distribution data of myxomycetes are fragmentary in its territory, we consider it important to make public the unpublished materials kept in the Herbarium of the University of Latvia (RIG). This paper presents additional records on slime molds maintained by the Latvian mycologists during a considerable period of time and supplements the list of Latvian myxomycetes with ten new species. MATERIAL AND METHODS Specimens of myxomycetes mostly came from the first author of the present paper, unless stated differently in the description of the particular species. Part of the collections has been identified by the second author; in other cases, names of the determiners are given. Specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the University of Latvia (RIG). Myxomycete nomenclature follows Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991), abbreviations of authors names are used according to Brummitt & Powell (1992). If available, species are provided with data on specimen substrate, habitat, and collection date. Comments on morphology are given for some species. Species that are new to Latvia are marked with an asterisk (*). Collection sites are mapped and numbered (Fig. 1); the according site numbers (see legend to Fig. 1) are given in brackets in the following list.

58 58 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Fig. 1. Collection sites: 1 Kazdanga (Liepaja distr.), 2 Lena (Kuldiga distr.), 3 Moricsala Nature Reserve (Ventspils distr.), 4 Slitere National Park (Talsi distr.), 5 Dundaga (Talsi distr.), 6 Libagi (Talsi distr.), 7 Engure (Tukums distr.), 8 Apsuciems (Tukums distr.), 9 Milzkalne (Tukums distr.), 10 Smarde (Tukums distr.), 11 Kemeri National Park (Riga distr.), 12 Kudra (Riga distr.), 13 Kalnciems (Jelgava distr.), 14 Augstkalne (Dobele distr.), 15 Bukaisi (Dobele distr.), 16 Tervete (Dobele distr.), 17 Olaine, Dalbe (Riga distr.), 18 Riga and its environs, 19 Baldone (Riga distr.), 20 Dole (Riga distr.), 21 Ainazi (Limbazi distr.), 22 Garkalne (Riga distr.), 23 Krimulda (Riga distr.), 24 Sigulda (Riga distr.), 25 Ropazi (Riga distr.), 26 Ikskile (Ogre distr.), 27 Ogresgals (Ogre distr.), 28 Vecumnieki (Bauska distr.), 29 Kegums (Ogre distr.), 30 Mazsalaca (Valmiera distr.), 31 Nitaure (Cesis distr.), 32 Evele (Valka distr.), 33 Vijciems (Valka distr.), 34 Inesi (Cesis distr.), 35 Vestiena (Madona distr.), 36 Koknese (Aizkraukle distr.), 37 Krustkalns Nature Reserve (Madona distr.), 38 Teici Nature Reserve (Madona and Jekabpils distr.), 39 Abeli (Jekabpils distr.), 40 Anna (Aluksne distr.), 41 Rugaji (Balvi distr.). RESULTS *ARCYRIA AFFINIS Rostaf. decaying wood, Moricsala Nature Reserve, the lake Usma, Ventspils distr. (3), 12 Aug. 1981; the forest Irsu, Bukaisi, Dobele distr. (15), 26 Aug A. DENUDATA (L.) Wettst. decaying wood, the ravine Vikmeste, Krimulda, Riga distr. (23), 2 Oct. 1986; Tilia sp. decaying wood, a ravine at the farm Zeltsili, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 29 Oct. 1983; decaying wood, the right bank of the river Perse at a waterfall, Koknese, Aizkraukle distr. (36), 10 Oct. 1962, leg. A. Piterans, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood, the right bank of the river Venta, Lena, Kuldiga distr. (2), 5 Aug. 1962, det. T. Sizova. A. INCARNATA (Pers. ex J. F. Gmel.) Pers. a log of Picea abies, Smarde, Tukums distr. (10), 19 July 1962; decaying wood, Smarde, Tukums distr. (10), 18 July 1962; decaying wood, a forest near Smarde at the farm Katlapji, Tukums distr. (10), 21 July 1962.

59 59 A. OBVELATA (Oeder) Onsberg decaying wood, a forest near Spridisi, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 8 Aug. 1955, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood, the right bank of the river Slocene, Smarde, Tukums distr. (10), 19 July 1962, det. T. Sizova. *A. OERSTEDII Rostaf. decaying wood, Vecmilgravis, a road to Jaunciems, Riga (18), 25 Oct. 1953, det. T. Sizova. A. POMIFORMIS (Leers) Rostaf. developed on bark in a Petri dish within 1 week, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 29 April *BADHAMIA MACROCARPA (Ces.) Rostaf. a burned trunk of Pinus sylvestris, Slitere National Park, Viskangars, Talsi distr. (4), 22 July Sporocarps sessile and subsessile on very short, weak, flaccid straw-coloured stalks; hypothallus membranous; spores free, rounded, black in mass, dark brown in transmitted light, densely conspicuously warted, μm diam. CERATIOMYXA FRUTICULOSA (O. F. Müll.) T. Macbr. decaying wood, a forest near Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 12 Aug. 1964, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood of Alnus incana, Krimulda, Riga distr. (23), 15 July 1979, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood, the forest Silmaci, Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 20 Aug. 1962, det. T. Sizova. C. PORIOIDES (Alb. & Schwein.) J. Schröt. decaying wood, Smarde, Tukums distr. (10), 19 July 1962; decaying wood, near the farm Zeltini, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 30 Aug. 1962, det. T. Sizova; a stump of Pinus sylvestris, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 2 Aug. 1979, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood, Kemeri National park, surroundings of Kemeri (11), 23 July 1962, det. T. Sizova. *COLLARIA ELEGANS (Racib.) Dhillon & Nann.- Bremek. ex Ing a decaying log of Picea abies, a slope, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 29 June Columella characteristically splits into 2 main branches and then into 5 6 ones in the lower part of the sporotheca; spores minutelly spinulose, ca. 8 μm diam. CRIBRARIA ARGILLACEA (Pers. ex J. F. Gmel.) Pers. decaying wood, the right bank of the river Slocene, Smarde, Tukums distr. (10), 19 July CRIBRARIA CANCELLATA (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. decaying wood, a mixed forest, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 29 June 1986; decaying wood, a forest near Spridisi, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 22 Sept. 1979, infected by Verticillium sp.; decaying wood, Smarde, Tukums distr. (10), 18 July 1962, det. T. Sizova; fine debris at a firewood place, Sautuves Str. 6, Riga (18), 11 Aug. 1979, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood, the island Dole, Riga distr.(20), 25 Feb. 1962, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood, a forest near Smarde, Tukums distr. (10), 18 July 1962, det. T. Sizova. C. RUFA (Roth) Rostaf. a coniferous forest, the lake Pakrate, Rugaji, Balvi distr. (41), 28 Sept *DIDYMIUM IRIDIS (Ditmar) Fr. a dry trunk of Juniperus communis, a forest in Celiskalns, Vijciems, Valka distr. (33), 10 Sept. 1979, det. T. Sizova. D. MELANOSPERMUM (Pers.) T. Macbr. decaying wood, the forest Baldone, Riga distr. (19), 1 Sept. 1990; the bog Lielie Kangari, Ropazi, Riga distr. (25), 16 Sept. 1984, leg. A. Piterans; a forest at the river Seda, Evele, Valka distr. (32), 24 Sept *D. MINUS (Lister) Morgan a pine forest, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 26 Feb. 1995; a forest near Spridisi, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 8 Aug Long-stalked sporocarps; stalk black; peridium mottled with small brown patches as seen by transmitted light; capillitium colourless; spores ca. 9 μm diam., minutely warted with groups of more distinct warts. ENTERIDUM LYCOPERDON (Bull.) Farr a decaying stump, at the rivulet Kirelite, Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 9 March 1961, det. T. Sizova. *FULIGO CANDIDA Pers. mosses, the park Kazdanga, Liepaja distr. (1), 27 July Lime of the cortex and inner structures white; spores μm diam. F. SEPTICA (L.) F. H. Wigg. a forest at the rivulet Niedruska, Krustkalns Nature Reserve, Madona distr. (37), 13 Sept. 1985; a stump of Picea abies, the right bank of the river Svete, between Augstkalne and Lithuanian border, Dobele distr. (14), 7 Aug. 1955, det. T. Sizova; coniferous litter, Ainazi, Limbazi distr. (21), 25 Aug. 1962, det. T. Sizova; a decaying stump, Skankalne, near Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 7 Aug. 1979, det. T. Sizova; mosses, Dalbe, Riga distr. (17),

60 60 Folia Cryptog. Estonica 24 Aug. 1981; mosses, a forest near Vecumnieki, Bauska distr. (28), 2 Sept HEMITRICHIA CLAVATA (Pers.) Rostaf. Alnus glutinosa decaying wood, at the road from Kalnciems to Kemeri, Kalnciems, Jelgava distr. (13), 5 May *LAMPRODERMA ARCYRIOIDES (Sommerf.) Rostaf. decaying wood of Fraxinus excelsior, a mixed forest, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 19 Oct Short-stalked sporocarps; columella expanded into an oval head; peridium remains as a black shining collar around the stalk; capillitium threads pale in transmitted light; spores conspicuously warted, with a paler germination pore, ca. 8.5 μm diam. LEOCARPUS FRAGILIS (Dicks.) Rostaf. two collections from litter, the forest Baldone, Riga distr. (19), 1 Aug. 1990, leg. B. Vimba; the forest Baldone, Riga distr. (19), 16 Oct. 1988, leg. G. Pospelova; a forest near Anna, Aluksne distr. (40), July 1992, leg. M. Lielkalns, det. T. Sizova; log of Pinus sylvestris forest at the Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 6 Aug. 1964, det. T. Sizova; an anthill, a forest near Prauliena, Madona distr. (37), 26 Aug. 1978, det. T. Sizova; litter, a forest near Garkalne, Riga distr. (22), 3 Sept. 1978, det. T. Sizova; a living plant of Polytrichum commune, Purtilti, near Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 11 Aug. 1964, det. T. Sizova; Purtilti, near Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 11 Aug. 1964, det. T. Sizova. LYCOGALA EPIDENDRUM (L.) Fr. decaying wood, a mixed forest, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 13 July 1990; a stump of Pinus sylvestris, Suntazi, Ogre distr. (27), 18 June 1955; a decaying log of Pinus sylvestris, Zala Kapa, Kemeri National Park (11), 21 Aug. 1994; decaying wood, a forest at the farm Purini, Inesi, Cesis distr. (34), 8 June 2003, leg. N. Petersons, det. E. Vimba; a stump (Betula pendula?), a road to Kalnciems, Babite, Riga distr. (18), 2 Sept. 1961, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood, a forest near Bukaisi, Dobele distr. (15), 26 Aug. 1979, det. T. Sizova; coniferous wood, Ikskile, Ogre distr. (26), 24 Sept. 1963, det. T. Sizova; a log of Pinus sylvestris, a sandy pit, Apsuciems, Tukums distr. (8), 2 July 1952, det. T. Sizova. *METATRICHIA FLORIFORMIS (Schwein.) Nann.- Bremek. decaying wood of Picea abies, a mixed forest, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 19 Oct M. VESPARIUM (Batsch) Nann.-Bremek. decaying wood covered with mosses, the lake Salaja, Vestiena, Madona distr. (35), 27 June MUCILAGO CRUSTACEA F. H. Wigg. a living plant of Calamagrostis epigeios, the bog Kudra, Riga distr. (12), 27 Sept. 1985; a forest near Spridisi, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 8 Aug. 1955, det. T. Sizova. PHYSARUM NUTANS Pers. two collections from firewood, Sautuves Str. 6, Riga (18), 7 Sept *P. ROBUSTUM (Lister) Nann.-Bremek. decaying wood of Populus tremula, Purtilti near Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 11 Aug. 1964, det. T. Sizova. Capillitium radiates from a central plate-lake pseudocolumella. P. VIRIDE (Bull.) Pers. two collections from coniferous plank, the farm Uplejas, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 29 and 30 Aug. 1962, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood of Betula sp., Purtilti near Mazsalaca, Valmiera distr. (30), 21 Aug. 1962, det. T. Sizova. STEMONITIS AXIFERA (Bull.) T. Macbr. a lighthouse at the dike Bakas, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 28 June 1986, leg. E. Henina; two collections from decaying logs of Picea abies, a slope, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 29 June 1986; a decaying log, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 21 July 1987, leg. L. Dzerkale; decaying wood, a mixed forest, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 13 July STEMONITOPSIS TYPHINA (F. H. Wigg.) Nann.-Bremek. a fallen branch of Malus sylvestris, a wood at the lake Abelu, Libagi, Talsi distr. (6), 18 Aug. 1978, developed in the laboratory from a white plasmodium; dead wood, Ogresgals, Ogre distr. (27), 10 July TRICHIA BOTRYTIS (J. F. Gmel.) Pers. old stump of Quercus robur, a park, Dundaga, Talsi distr. (5), 26 Sept. 1979, det. T. Sizova. T. CONTORTA (Ditmar) Rostaf. bark of Malus domestica in a branch pile, Sautuves Str. 6, Riga (18), 21 May 1994; a stump of Alnus incana, Nitaure, Cesis distr. (31), 12 Oct. 1978, det. T. Sizova. T. DECIPIENS (Pers.) T. Macbr. decaying wood of Picea abies, a mixed forest, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 19 Oct. 1985; decaying

61 61 wood of Alnus incana, Kegums, Ogre distr. (29), 15 Oct. 1988; decaying wood of Populus tremula, a spruce forest near Kracu Kalni, between Kalnciems and Kemeri, Kalnciems, Jelgava distr. (13), 16 Oct. 1993; immature specimen on Sphagnum angustifolium, a humid pine-spruce forest, Teici Nature Reserve, Madona distr. (38), 24 Sept. 1992, leg. A. Abolina; decaying wood, Olaine, Riga distr. (17), 24 Oct. 1965, det. T. Sizova. T. FAVOGINEA (Batsch) Pers. a decaying stump of Betula pendula, a wood of Betula sp., Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 20 Feb. 1961, det. T. Sizova; stump covered with mosses, a forest near Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 18 April 1981, det. T. Sizova. T. PERSIMILIS P. Karst. decaying wood, an Alnus incana forest, Sigulda, Riga distr. (24), 23 March T. VARIA (Pers. ex J. F. Gmel.) Pers. two collections from decaying wood, a road to the lake Slokas, Kemeri National Park (11), 27 Sept. 1985; bark of dry Juniperus comunis, Ikskile, Ogre distr. (26), 9 May 1979; a stump of Picea abies, Kemeri National Park (11), 27 Nov. 1960, det. T. Sizova. TUBIFERA FERRUGINOSA (Batsch) J. F. Gmel. decaying wood, dunes overgrown with a forest, the Baltic Sea shore, Kolka, Slitere National Park, Talsi distr. (4), 19 July 1996; Abeli, forest q. 64, Jekabpils distr. (39), 22 Sept. 1992; a stump, Milzkalne, Tukums distr. (9), 31 Aug. 1985, leg. U. Susko; a stump of Pinus sylvestris, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 30 Aug. 1962; decaying wood, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 22 Sept. 1979; a stump of Pinus sylvestris, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 22 Sept. 1979, det. T. Sizova; decaying wood of Pinus sylvestris, Tervete, Dobele distr. (16), 30 Aug. 1962, det. T. Sizova; a stump of Quercus robur, Engure, Tukums distr. (7), 22 Sept. 1963, det. T. Sizova; a stump, a forest near Vecumnieki, Bauska distr. (28), 2 Sept. 1979, det. T. Sizova. Thus, 38 myxomycete species are reported from various regions of Latvia, among them 10 species are registered in the territory for the first time. New localities for the great majority of species were revealed while examining this collection. Most of the collected specimens represent species that form macroscopic sporocarps, which are conspicuous due to their bright colours and easy to spot in the field. Collaria elegans which reaches no more than 2 mm is an exception here: it was noticed on the same piece of substratum during the re-examination of a specimen of Stemonitis axifera. Nearly all species listed here are considered to be cosmopolitans or widely spread on most continents, while Leocarpus fragilis and Trichia spp. are primarily temperate myxomycetes (Ing, 1999). The great majority of specimens were collected from decaying wood. The presented records supplement species diversity, distribution, and frequency data on the Latvian myxomycetes. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The visit of the second author to the Herbarium of the Faculty of Biology, the University of Latvia, was supported by the bilateral researcher study exchange programme of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences and the Latvian Academy of Sciences. The authors thank Mr. M. Petersons (University of Latvia) for preparing the map of localities. REFERENCES Adamonyte, G. & Vimba, E Unpublished myxomycete collection of K. R. Kupffer. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 40 (in press). Brummitt, R. K. & Powell, C. E. (eds.) Authors of plant names. Kew. 732 pp. Bucholtz, F Verzeichnis der bisher für die Ostseeprovinzen Russlands bekannt gewordenen Myxogasteres. Korrespondenzblatt des Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga 51: Ing, B The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland. An Identification Handbook. Slough. 374 pp. Kupffer, K. R Die Naturschonstätte Moritzholm. Arbeiten des Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga Neue Folge 19: Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E A Guide to Temperate Myxomycetes. Bristol. 409 pp. Rothert, W On myxomycetes collected near the Riga city (in Russian). Scripta botanica Horti Univ. Imp. Petropol. Vol. III fasc. 1: Ruskule, S. & Vimba, E Investigations of myxomycetes of the Slitere National Park (in Latvian). Mezsaimnieciba un Mezrupnieciba 2:

62 62 Folia Cryptog. Estonica

63 Pezizales (Ascomycetes) Bellis Kullman Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, 181 Riia St., Tartu, Estonia. GEOPYXIS ALPINA Höhn. Tartumaa Co., Nõo Comm., Vapramäe (58º15.0 N 26º28.0 E), on soil near a road, 29 Aug 2001 B. Kullman (TAA ). GYROMITRA AMBIGUA (P. Karst.) Harmaja Lääne- Virumaa Co., Tammsalu Comm., Porkuni (59º12.0 N 26º20.0 E), on rotting roots of Picea abies, 24 Sept 1987 M. Hanso; Jõgevamaa Co., Pala Comm., Sõõru (58º38.5 N 26º55.0 E), under Pinus sylvestris, 12 Oct 2003 M. Hanso; Võrumaa Co., Mõniste Comm., Roosa (57º31.0 N 26º34.5 E), on rotting wood Picea abies, 20 Nov 1990 M. Hanso; Antsla Comm. (57º41.2 N 26º30.9 E), on rotting wood, 30 Aug 2003 B. Kullman (TAA ); Valgamaa Co., Puka Comm., Purtsi (58º04.5 N 26º04.5 E), under Pinus sylvestris, 12 Oct 1994 M. Hanso. MELASTIZA CORNUBIENSIS (Berk. & Broome) J. Moravec Tartumaa Co., Nõo Comm., Vapramäe (58º15.0 N 26º28.0 E), on soil near a road, 29 Aug 2001 B. Kullman (TAA ). MELASTIZA FLAVORUBENS (Rehm) Pfister & Korf Valgamaa Co., Otepää Comm., near the Lake Pühajärv (58º02.5 N 26º27.5 E), on soil, 11 Aug 2001 B. Kullman (179659). OTIDEA PROPINQUATA (P. Karst.) Harmaja Hiiumaa Co., Mäeselja (58º57.5 N 22º40 E), on soil, 16 Oct 2001 leg. B. Kullman, det. B. Kullman & A. Jakobson (TAA ); Põlvamaa Co., Kollaste Comm., Karilavsi (58º07 N 26º51 E), on soil, 31 Aug 2003 leg. K. Põldmaa, det. B. Kullman (TAA ). PARASCUTELLINIA CARNEOSANGUINEA (Fuckel) T. Schumach. Põltsamaa Co., Puurmani Comm., Alam-Pedja Nature Reserve, Roka, along the bank of the Pedja River (58º28.4 N 26º09.0 E), on fine-grained sand in the middle of the inundation zone, 8 Oct 2001 B. Kullman (TAA179813). PEZIZA CELTICA (Boud.) M. M. Moser Hiiumaa Co., Pühalepa Comm., Hiiesaare Lighthouse (58º59.5 N 22º50 E), on soil, 18 Sept NEW ESTONIAN RECORDS Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: (2004) Published on January 28, leg. L. Vaher, det. B. Kullman (TAA ); Võrumaa, Antsla Comm. (57º44 N 26º29.5 E), on soil near a forest road, 31 Aug 2003 B. Kullman (TAA ). PEZIZA EMILEIA Cooke Tartumaa Co., Võnnu Comm., Järvselja Forest, sq no 226/4 (58º16.9 N 27º19.5 E), on ground, 27 Sept 2001 B. Kullman (TAA , ). PEZIZA MEGALOCHONDRA (Le Gal) Donadini Saaremaa Co., Muhu Comm., Kuivastu (58º35.0 N 23º22.0 E), on one-year and two-month-old burned ground, 21 May B. Kullman (TAA ). PEZIZA PETERSII Berk. & M. A. Curtis Tartumaa Co., Kambja Comm., Pikksaare (58º12.0 N 26º35.0 E), on burned ground, 24 Aug 2001 leg. A. Kollom, det. B. Kullman (TAA ). PSEUDOMBROPHILA EARINA (Ellis) Brumm. Harjumaa Co., Kuusalu Comm., Koonukõrve, Põhja-Kõrvemaa Landscape Reserve, Võhma raised bog (59º22.3 N 25º43 E), at a burned site together with Tricharina praecox, 19 May 2001 B. Kullman (TAA a). Very rare known earlier only from a single collection in Utah, U.S.A. SCUTELLINIA MINUTELLA Svrcek & J. Moravec Tartumaa Co., Nõo Comm., Peedu (58º14.0 N 26º28.5 E), on soil alongside of the rail, 3 Sept 2001 B. Kullman (TAA , ). TRICHARINA PRAECOX (P. Karst.) Dennis Harjumaa Co., Kuusalu Comm., Koonukõrve, Põhja- Kõrvemaa Landscape Reserve, Võhma raised bog (59º22.3 N 25º43 E), at a burned site, 19 May 2001 B. Kullman (TAA b). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is indebted to the collectors, Dr. K. Põldmaa, A. Kollom and L. Vaher, who granted their collections for identification, also Dr. M. Hanso who granted his identificated collections of Gyromitra ambigua for publishing. The research was supported by grant No of the Estonian Science Foundation. REFERENCES Brummelen, J. van A world-monograph of the genus Pseudombrophila (Pezizales, Ascomycotina). Libri Botanici 14:

64 64 Folia Cryptog. Estonica Kullman, B A revision of the genus Scutellinia (Pezizales) in Soviet Union. Tallinn. 158 pp. (in Russian). Larsen, L. & Knudsen, H. (eds) Nordic Macromycetes. Vol. 1. Ascomycetes. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen. Schumacher, T Notes on taxonomy, ecology and distribution of operculate discomycetes (Pezizales) from river banks in Norway. Norweg. J. Bot. 26: Spooner, B. M New British Records 198. Peziza megalochondra. Mycologist 15: 162. Macrolichens Laura Kivistö Botanical Museum, P.O. Box 7, FIN University of Helsinki, Finland laura.kivisto@helsinki.fi STEREOCAULON ALPINUM VAR. GRACILENTUM (Th. Fr.) H. Magn. NW*: Harjumaa, Haapse (59 30 N E), boreal heath forest, on sandy dunes close to the seashore, 17 Aug T. Randlane, det. Laura Kivistö (TU, H). Freq.: rr*. The taxon is distributed in coastal areas of southern Finland, especially on sandy beaches and dunes (Vitikainen et al. 1997). It is rare in Sweden in Gotland and eastern coast (Carlin & Carlin-Silväng 1982) and is not found in Norway (Krog et al.1994); known also from Canada and Alaska (Lamb 1977). Stereocaulon alpinum Laurer ex Funck seems to be a complex of taxa and S. alpinum var. gracilentum should apparently be removed from S. alpinum. * Abbreviations of distribution regions and of frequency classes in Estonia follow Randlane & Saag (1999). REFERENCES Carlin, G. & Carlin-Silväng, U De svenska Stereocaulon-arterna (påskrislavar). Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 76: Krog, H., Østhagen, H. & Tønsberg, T Lavflora. Norske busk- og bladlav. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo. 368 pp. Lamb, I. M A conspectus of the lichen genus Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 43: Randlane, T. & Saag, A. (eds) Second checklist of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 35: Vitikainen, O., Ahti, T., Kuusinen, M., Lommi, S. & Ulvinen, T Checklist of lichens and allied fungi of Finland. Norrlinia 6: Microlichens Ave Suija & Inga Jüriado Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, 38 Lai St., Tartu. avesuija@ut.ee Three new species of lichenized fungi are reported here. Abbreviations of distribution regions and frequency classes follow Randlane & Saag (1999). All cited material is deposited in lichenological herbarium of the University of Tartu (TU). AGONIMIA ALLOBATA (Stizenb.) P. James NE: Lääne- Virumaa, Vinni comm., former wooded meadow dominated by oaks (59 11 N E), on Quercus robur, 3 July 2003 leg. & det. A. Suija. Freq.: rr. This species grows on broadleaved trees (Quercus, Ulmus etc.) in sheltered old woodlands (Purvis et al. 1992). EOPYRENULA SEPTEMSEPTATA Coppins NE: Lääne- Virumaa, Väike-Maarja comm., former wooded meadow dominated by oaks (59 20 N E), on Quercus robur, leg. & det. A. Suija. Freq.: rr. The collected specimen has perithecia only, no pycnidia were found. The ascospores are dark brown (with paler tips), 8-celled, 32 36( 40) µm. GYALECTA FLOTOWII Körb. SW: Pärnumaa, Surju forestry, forest square 330/6 (58 14 N E), birch dominating eutrophic paludifying forest, on old Fraxinus excelsior, 5 July 2003, leg. & det. I. Jüriado. Freq.: rr. This lichen prefers to grow in undistrurbed, ancient forests. Because of forest managment, the species is endangered in some European countries e.g. Sweden (Thor & Arvidsson 1999), Denmark (Søchting & Alstrup 2002) etc. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The first author thanks the curator of BM for reference material. REFERENCES Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawksworth, D. L., James, P. W. & Moore, D. M. (eds.) The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Natural History Museum Publications & British Lichen Society, London. 710 pp. Randlane, T. & Saag, A. (eds.) Second checklist of lichenized, lichenicolous and allied fungi of Estonia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica 35: Søchting, U. & Alstrup, V Danish Lichen Checklist. Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen. Thor, G. & Arvidsson, L. (red.) Rödlistade lavar i Sverige. Artfakta. Artdatabanken, SLU. 528 pp.

65 Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 40: (2003) HANS TRASS 75 A BIRTHDAY TRIBUTE Hans-Voldemar Trass was born on May 2, 1928 in Tallinn, in the family of Hartmut and Olga Trass. Hans father was a captain in the Estonian military forces and his mother a housewife of Russian origin. They lived in the outskirts of Tallinn, in Pääsküla, and this was evidently an important factor in further activities of Hans. Trips together with friends (later colleagues professors Harry Ling, Erast Parmasto, Arvo Rõõmusoks) to the forests, bogs and alvars in the surroundings of their home sparked their serious interest in different living organisms. By the way, a small narrow-gauge train (with an engine and two wagons) from Tallinn to Vääna, which was used by Hans and his mates to go to their naturalists journeys, gave much later a nickname to the three corridor-like rooms where the lichen herbarium of the University of Tartu is partly still kept. Five years ( ) in the Nõmme Secondary School were also of great importance in forming the future scientist. Hans Trass graduated from the University of Tartu in 1952 as a biologist-botanist; three years later he defended the degree of candidate of biology on the plant vegetation of eutrophic fens in western Estonia. The degree of doctor of biology was awarded to him in 1969 for a monographic treatment of the lichen flora of Estonia. Hans has only ever worked in one institution the Department of Plant Taxonomy and Geo-

66 66 Folia Cryptog. Estonica botany (now Institute of Botany and Ecology) at the University of Tartu. He was the Head of this institute during more than 30 years, and even now, 10 years after his retirement, one can find several habits and details in the everyday life of our institute that have been initiated by or connected to Hans Trass. The continued existence of an active lichenological team in the University of Tartu is one of them. Since 1994, Hans Trass is a professor emeritus. Team of former, present and future lichenologists after the seminar dedicated to the jubilee of Hans Trass in the Institute of Botany and Ecology, University of Tartu, on September 25, 2003: Hans Trass (sitting); Maarja Nõmm, Lauri Saag, Piret Lõhmus, Andres Saag, Inga Jüriado, Andi Pärn, Tiina Randlane, Ave Suija, Kristjan Zobel, Leili Järva, Ede Leppik, Avo Roosma and Mari- Liis Rebane (from left, standing).