Vadim A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. (Coelomycetes)

Transcription

1 Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem Vadim A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. (Coelomycetes) edited and translated by Vadim A. Mel nik Uwe Braun Gregor Hagedorn Heft 379 Berlin 2000 Herausgegeben von der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Berlin und Braunschweig Parey Buchverlag Berlin Kurfürstendamm 57, D Berlin ISSN ISBN

2 Dr. Vadim A. Mel nik V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov street, St. Petersburg, Russia Dr. Uwe Braun Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Institut für Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten Herbarium Neuwerk 21 D Halle (Saale) Gregor Hagedorn Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Institut für Pflanzenvirologie, Mikrobiologie und Biologische Sicherheit Königin-Luise-Str. 19 D Berlin Fax / Translated and revised edition of: Mel nik, V. A. (1977). Opredelitel' gribov roda Ascochyta Lib. Izdatel'stvo Nauka.; Leningrad; USSR. 246 pp., 98 fig. Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Mel'nik, Vadim A.: Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. (Coelomycetes) / V. A. Mel'nik. Ed. and transl. by Vadim A. Mel'nik... Hrsg. von der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Berlin und Braunschweig. - Berlin : Parey, 2000 (Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Landund Forstwirtschaft Berlin-Dahlem ; H. 379) ISBN Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, 2000 Das Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Die dadurch begründeten Rechte, insbesondere die der Übersetzung, des Nachdrucks, des Vortrages, der Entnahme von Abbildungen, der Funksendung, der Wiedergabe auf photomechanischem oder ähnlichem Wege und der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen, bleiben bei auch nur auszugsweiser Verwertung, vorbehalten. Eine Vervielfältigung dieses Werkes oder von Teilen dieses Werkes ist auch im Einzelfall nur in den Grenzen der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland vom 9. September 1965 in der Fassung vom 24. Juni 1985 zulässig. Sie ist grundsätzlich vergütungspflichtig. Zuwiderhandlungen unterliegen den Strafbestimmungen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes. Kommissionsverlag Parey Buchverlag Berlin, Kurfürstendamm 57, Berlin Printed in Germany by Arno Brynda, Berlin

3 Table of contents Introduction History of exploration Taxonomy Morphology Pycnidia Peridium Pore and ostiole Conidia Criteria for the delimitation of species Economic importance Table for the identification of species Subgenus Ascochyta Subgenus Libertia Descriptions of species Subgenus Ascochyta Subgenus Libertia Excluded Taxa Taxa not examined Taxa not effectively published Species where the description remained inaccessible References Host index Fungus index

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5 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Preface to the translated edition Preface to the translated edition Ascochyta is one of the largest genera of imperfect fungi with currently over 1400 names (as of the year 2000). Its species are anamorphs of the genera Didymella, Mycosphaerella, and Leptosphaeria (ascomycetes) and occur on a wide range of hosts, including numerous cultivated plants. Many species of Ascochyta cause plant diseases of economic relevance. Mel nik s (1977) Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib., published in Russian more than 20 years ago, represents the only comprehensive treatment of this genus and has not lost its importance. Additional treatments of particular groups of Ascochyta spp. have since been published by Punithalingam (1979, 1981, 1988) and Buchanan (1987). Boerema & Bollen (1975) examined in detail the conidiogenesis in Ascochyta and Phoma and discussed the differentiation between the two genera. Since 1973 Boerema, Gruyter and coworkers published contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (especially Boerema, 1993, 1997; Boerema & Gruyter, 1998; Boerema & al., 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999; Gruyter & Noordeloos, 1992; Gruyter & al., 1993, 1998; Noordeloos & al., 1993), including reassessments of various Ascochyta and Stagonosporopsis spp. treated in Mel nik s monograph. Nevertheless, Mel nik s work remains an important basis for further research in Ascochyta and for general identification purposes. Therefore, it was planned to translate this Ascochyta monograph into English. This project was financed by the Volkswagenstiftung, Hannover, Germany. We are much obliged to this organisation for their generous support. V.A. Mel'nik gratefully acknowledges further support from the UK Darwin Initiative during preparation of this book. The translation and publication of this edition was performed with a mind to remain true to the contents of the original publication, but not necessarily true to the exact wording (which is always difficult when scientific matters are concerned). Some minor misprints and omissions that occurred in the original Russian publication could be corrected, references have been checked, and most references with reprint page numbers (marked by extr. for extractum ) have been converted to published page numbers. Further, taxonomic authors were standardised according to Kirk & Ansell (1992), with some exceptions regarding Russian or Soviet authors where that list is considered to be in need of revision. The main index was prepared entirely new, and an additional host plant index and a host family cross-reference have been prepared. No new taxonomic material was added, however. References Boerema, G. H. (1993). Contribution towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) II Section Peyronella. Persoonia 15 (2): Boerema, G. H. (1997). Contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) V. Subdivision of the genus in sections. Mycotaxon 64: Boerema, G. H. & Bollen, G. J. (1995). Conidiogenesis and conidial septation as differentiating criteria between Phoma and Ascochyta. Persoonia 8 (2): Boerema, G. H. & Gruyter, J. de (1998). Contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) VII: Section Sclerophomella: taxa with thick-walled pseudoparenchymatous pycnidia. Persoonia 17 (1): Boerema, G. H.; Gruyter, J. de & Graaf, P. van de (1999). Contribution towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) IV Supplement. An addition to section Heterospora: Phoma schneiderae spec. nov., synanamorph Stagonosporopsis lupini (Boerema & R. Schneid.) comb. nov. Persoonia 17 (2): Boerema, G. H.; Gruyter, J. de & Kesteren, H. A. van (1994). Contribution towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) III 1. Section Plenodomus: Taxa often with a Leptosphaeria anamorph. Persoonia 15 (4): Boerema, G. H.; Gruyter, J. de & Noordeloos, M. E. (1995). New names in Phoma. Persoonia 16 (1): 131. Boerema, G. H.; Loerakker, W. M. & Hamers M. E. C. (1996). Contribution towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) III 2. Misapplications of the type species name and generic synonyms of section Plenodomus (excluded species). Persoonia 16: Buchanan, P. K. (1987). A reappraisal of Ascochytula and Ascochytella (Coelomycetes). Mycological Papers No. 156, 83 pp. C. A. B. International; Wallingford; UK. Gruyter, J. de & Noordeloos, M. E. (1992). Contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) I. 1. Section Phoma: Taxa with very small conidia in vitro. Persoonia 15 (1): Gruyter, J. de; Noordeloos, M. E. & Boerema, G. H. (1993). Contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) I. 2. Section Phoma: Additional taxa with very small conidia and taxa with conidia up to 7 µm long. Persoonia 15 (3): Gruyter, J. de; Noordeloos, M. E. & Boerema, G. H. (1998). Contributions towards a monograph of Phoma (Coelomycetes) I. 3. Section Phoma: Taxa with conidia longer than 7 µm. Persoonia 16 (4): Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

6 Preface to the translated edition V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Kirk, P. M. & Ansell, A. E. (1992). Authors of Fungal Names. Index of Fungi Supplement. C. A. B. International; Wallingford; UK. Mel nik, V. A. (1977). Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. (Opredelitel' gribov roda Ascochyta Lib.; in Russian), 246 pp.; 98 fig. Izdatel'stvo Nauka.; Leningrad; USSR. Noordeloos, M. E.; Gruyter, J. de; Eijk, G. W. van; Roeijmans, H. J. (1993). Production of dendritic crystals in pure cultures of Phoma and Ascochyta and its value as a taxonomic character relative to morphology, pathology and cultural characteristics. Mycol. Res. 97 (11): Punithalingam, E. (1979). Graminicolous Ascochyta species. Mycological Papers, No. 142, 214 pp. C. A. B. International; Wallingford; UK. Punithalingam, E. (1981). Studies on Sphaeropsidales in culture III. Mycological Papers, No. 149, 42 pp. Punithalingam, E. (1988). Ascochyta II. Species on monocotyledons (excluding grasses), cryptogams and gymnosperms. Mycological Papers, No. 159, v pp. C. A. B. International; Wallingford; UK. 6 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

7 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Introduction Introduction The genus Ascochyta Lib. is one of the largest genera of the Sphaeropsidaceae and indeed in the whole class Deuteromycetes. Species of this genus occur on numerous cultivated and wild plants. They are parasites that are able to continue their activities beyond the death of the host plants by decomposing their tissues. Hence, they play an important role in the circulation of organic matter. In spite of the great significance of Ascochyta species in nature and in connection with human activities, up to now these fungi haven been insufficiently studied, above all with regard to their taxonomy. The genus Ascochyta was described more than 140 years ago. Today, the list of species that have been referred to Ascochyta comprises more than names, and nobody has tried to monograph this genus. Already the generic identification of Ascochyta is difficult, since the generic circumscription is not well-defined and many other genera of the Sphaeropsidaceae are rather similar. Furthermore, the nomenclature of the species is very complicated and often unclear, due to the presence of very numerous homonyms (more than 250 names which represent 25% of the whole list of Ascochyta names), invalid names, and the lack of well-defined criteria for the delimitation of species. Hence, it is evident that a revision and monograph of Ascochyta is urgently necessary. The present taxonomic studies of Ascochyta spp. were carried out between 1966 and Approximately specimens, received from 26 herbaria of the Soviet Union and 42 herbaria of foreign countries, including numerous type collections (holo- and isotypes of almost 50% of the species) have been examined. The list cited below comprises names of scientific institutions that provided specimens for the present examinations. Acronyms of herbaria that provided type collections are based on Index Herbariorum (Lanjow & Stafleu, 1964). The names of herbaria which are not included in this index are abbreviated by arbitrary acronyms marked in italics. The names of other institutions which provided general non-type collections are cited, but without any acronyms. USSR Komarov Botanical Institute (LE), Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Armenian SSR (ERE), Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Georgian SSR (TBI), Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbajdzhan SSSR (BAK), Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakh SSR (AA), Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Turkmen SSR (ASH), Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR (KW), Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbek SSR, Institute of Zoology and Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Estonian SSR (TAA), All- Union Institute of Plant Protection (LEP), Erevan State University (EGU), Kabardino-Balkaria State University, Leningrad State University (LGU), Moscow State University (MW), Voronezh State University (VOR), Biological-Pedological Institute of Far East Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of Belorussian SSR, Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden of Kola Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Georgian Institute of Plant Protection (GruzIZR); Leningrad Quarantine Laboratory, Estonian Agricultural Academy, Leningrad Agricultural Institute (LSKhI), Omsk Agricultural Institute (OSKhI), Baltic Filial of the All-Union Institute of Plant Protection (Pribalt. filial VIZR), Sukhumi Branch of All-Union Institute of Thea and Subtropical Crops (Sukhumi Branch VNIIChSK). Australia Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium, South Yarra (MEL); Austria Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien (W); Argentina Institute de Botanica Spegazzini, Universidad Nacional, La Plata (LPS); Belgium Jardin Botanique National de Belgique (BR); Brazil Institute Agronômico, Campinas (IACM); Institute de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife (URM); Bulgaria Botanical Institute of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (SOM); Canada Department of Botany, University of Toronto (TRT); Czechoslovakia Botanicky Ústav University Karlovy, Praha (PRC); Národni Múzeum v Praze, Praha (PR); Botanické oddélení Moravského musea v Brně, Brno (BRNM); Slovenské Národné Múzeum, Bratislava (BRA); DDR Sektion Biologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena (JE); Denmark Botanical Museum, The University of Copenhagen (C); Finland Kasvitieteen Laitos, Helsingin Yliopiston, Helsinki (H); France Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, Muséum National d Histore Naturelle, Paris (PC); Hungary Növényvédelmi Kutató Intézet, Budapest (Inst. of Plant Protection, Budapest), Természettudományi Múzeum Novénytár (BP); India Division of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

8 Introduction V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Research Institute, New Delhi (HCIO); Italy Istituto ed Orto Botanico dell Università, Padova (PAD); Istituto ed Orto Botanico dell Università, Pavia (PAV); Istituto ed Orto Botanico dell Università, Torino (TO); Mexico Colegio de Postgraduados, Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, Chapingo (Agricultural School, Mexico); Norway Botanisk Museum, Universitetet i Oslo (O); Norwegian Plant Protection Institute; Poland Institut Botaniczny Uniwersytetu Wratislawskiego, Wroclaw (WRSL); Portugal Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras (LISE); Institute Botânico Dr. Júlio Henriques, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra (COI); Laboratório de Patologia Vegetal Veríssimo de Almeida, Lisboa (LISVA); Romania Institutul de Biologie Traian Săvulescu, Bucureşti (BUCA); Laboratorul si Muzeul Botanic, Facultatea de Stiinte Naturale-Geografie, Universitatea Al. I. Cuza, Iasi (I); Sweden Botaniska Avdelningen, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm (S); UK Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew (IMI); Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K); USA Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley (UC); Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison (WIS); The New York Botanical Garden (NY); The New York State Museum, The University of the State of New York, Albany (NYS); Plant Pathology Herbarium, Cornell University, Ithaca (CUP); West Berlin Botanischer Garten und Museum, Berlin-Dahlem (B); Institut für Mikrobiologie, Berlin-Dahlem; Yugoslavia Faculty of Agronomy, University of Belgrade. Descriptions of Ascochyta species are scattered in many books and periodicals, some of which were absent in libraries of the Soviet Union. Colleagues from many institutions of the world were very helpful by providing original descriptions of various species: Prof. A. Chaves Batista, Prof. Luiz Siqueira Carneiro (Brazil), Dr. D. Malloch (Canada), Prof. K. Cejp, Dr. F. Kotlaba (Czechoslovakia), Dr. T. Ahti, Dr. T. Koponen (Finland), Dr. S. Toth (Hungary), Prof. A. M. Corte, Prof. G. Goidanich, Prof. Dr. O. Verona (Italy), Dr. T. Seki, Dr. S. Akai (Japan), Prof. G. Malençon (Morocco); Dr. H. B. Gjaerum (Norway), Prof. S. Ahmad (Pakistan), Dr. O. Constantinescu (Romania), Dr. F. C. Deighton (UK), Dr. K. P. Dumont, Dr. J. L. Crane (USA). The author is much obliged to the curators of the herbaria cited and to all colleagues that provided descriptions of Ascochyta spp. Colleagues of the Komarov Botanical Institute, above all of the Laboratory of Mycology, were very helpful. I would like to thank all of them very much. Furthermore, I am much obliged to V. M. Gorlenko, D. N. Teterevnikova-Babayan, and V. T. Ul janishcev for checking the manuscript and for helpful discussions. Sincere thanks are due to B. A. Girstun who prepared almost all drawings of this book. 8 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

9 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 1. History of exploration 1. History of exploration The genus Ascochyta, described by Libert (1830), belongs in the Deuteromycetes, order Sphaeropsidales, family Sphaeropsidaceae. Libert described in her Planta cryptogamicae, quas in Arduenna collegit 38 Ascochyta spp., including A. pisi Lib., the type species. The original circumscription of this genus is, however, rather obscure since only three of these species belong in Ascochyta in the present sense, viz. A. pisi, A. cytisi Lib., and A. viciae Lib. Many additional Ascochyta species were described by Lasch, Klotzsch, Fuckel, and Rabenhorst, although most of these species have to be referred to other genera of imperfect fungi or even to genera of the ascomycetes. Various species of Ascochyta were introduced by Saccardo. Up to the end of the 19th century, the list of Ascochyta spp. included about 400 names. Gradually Ascochyta became one of the largest genera of imperfect fungi. It is hardly possible to name the true number of species of this genus; even an estimation is difficult. An analysis of Saccardo ( ), Petrak s Lists (Anonymous, 1956, 1957), A Supplement to Petrak s Lists, (Anonymous, 1969), and Index of Fungi as well as many periodicals of the world showed that there are about names of Ascochyta spp. The following numbers of species have been described in various periods: Table 1. Number of Ascochyta species described within a period of years Most of these fungi were described from Europe and North America, since in these areas most mycofloristic examinations had been carried out. The host plants pertain to more than 150 families. Most species were described on hosts of the following families: Table 2. Plant families from which most species of Ascochyta have been described. Caprifoliaceae Gramineae Ranunculaceae Chenopodiaceae Labiatae Rosaceae Compositae Leguminosae Solanaceae Cruciferae Liliaceae Umbelliferae Many species from South Europe (Spain, Italy, Portugal) were described by Saccardo, from Czechoslovak by Kabát and Bubák, Cejp, and Pickbauer, from Central Europe by Diedicke, Allescher, Sydow, and Petrak, from Austria and Czechoslovak by Petrak, from France by Roumeguere and Fautrey, from The Netherlands by Oudemans, from Romania by Tr. Săvulescu, Negru, and Sandu-Ville, from Hungary by Hollós and Moesz, from Italy and Argentina by Spegazzini, from Italy by Bresadola, from Spain by Gonz. Fragoso and Unamuno, from North America (Canada, USA) by Ellis, Everhart, Peck, Davis, Sprague, and Greene, from Brazil by Batista, from West Pakistan by S. Ahmad, from Japan by Sawada, Hara, and Takimoto. Compatriots described 163 Ascochyta spp., i. e. A. A. Ablakatova, I. N. Abramov, T. M. Akhundov, I. E. Brezhnev, A. S. Bondartsev, V. N. Bondartseva-Monteverde, Z. M. Byzova, N. I. Vasil jevskij, M. P. Vasyagina, N. N. Voronikhin, P. N. Golovin, L. S. Gutner, N. G. Deeva, T. L. Dobrozrakova, T. V. Enkina, A. A. Jaczewski, B. K. Kalymbetov, L. I. Kandinskaya, M. K. Khokhryakov, E. Z. Koval, L. A. Lebedeva, A. I. Lobik, V. A. Mel nik, N. A. Naumov, E. S. Nelen, G. S. Nevodovskij, E. D. Novoselova, N. F. Pisareva, N. L. Polozova, A. A. Potebnia, M. N. Rodigin, B. V. Rothers, S. A. Simonyan, J. Smarods, M. G. Taslakhch yan, D. N. Teterevnikova-Babayan, N. P. Trusova, S. R. Schwartsman, I. I. Soshiashvili, I. Ya. Žerbele, etc. Various Ascochyta spp. from our territory were described by foreign scientists (e. g., Hennings, Moesz, Petrak, Rupprecht, Sydow, Thümen). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

10 1. History of exploration V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Ascochyta spp. have been poorly examined. Comprehensive data are only known from Central Europe (Allescher, 1901; Diedicke, 1915; Migula, 1921), France (Viennot-Bourgin, 1949), Great Britain (Grove, 1935; Moore, 1959), Romania (Săvulescu & Sandu-Ville, 1933, 1936; Bontea, 1953), Austria (Tobisch, 1931, 1934), Spain (Gonz. Fragoso, 1919, 1923; Unamuno, 1933), Canada (Bisby & al., 1938), USA (Davis, 1919, 1926, 1942; Greene, 1949a, b, c, 1964a, b; Sprague, 1948; Sprague & Johnson, 1950; Anonymous, 1960), Canada and USA (Seymour, 1929; Sprague, 1950), Sri Lanka (Petch & Bisby, 1950). In our country, Ascochyta spp. were studied in the Baltic republics by I. Ya. Žerbele (1963), in Armenia by M. G. Taslakhch yan (1967a, b), in Voronezh Oblast by L. V. Grishina (1971). These investigations, which covered only a small part of the USSR, are the only serious treatments of species of this genus. There are, however, many mycofloristic papers from different regions of the USSR that include some data on Ascochyta spp., but it is impossible to give a full account, only some of these papers with numerous records of Ascochyta spp. are cited here. Various species of the genus are known from the Murmansk Oblast (Shavrova, 1968), Karelia (Lebedeva, 1933), the northern part of the European part of the USSR (Rothers, 1927), the Leningrad Oblast (Naumov, 1927; Mel nik, 1965a, b, 1966a, b, c, 1967, 1968a, b; Polozova, 1969a, b; Kandinskaya, 1971; Stepanova, 1971), Estonia (Kivi, 1960; Põldmaa, 1967), Latvia (Smarods, , 1955; Rupprecht, 1959; Škipsna, 1962; Žerbele, 1963; Mikheeva, 1968), Lithuania (Brundza, 1961; Brundza & Lekavicius, 1961; Strukczinskas, 1966, 1974), Belarus (Gorlenko, 1966), Ukraine (Wodziczko, 1911; Jaczewski, ; Wroblewski, 1913, 1915, 1916; Dobrovolskij, 1914; Zelle, 1925; Nevodovskij, 1927; Panasenko, 1938; Zerova, 1952, 1953; Morochkovskij, 1953; Vinogradskaya, 1958; Vasil eva, 1960; Bukhalo, 1961a, b, 1962; Gutsevich, 1963, Morochkovskij & al., 1971, Moldavia (Kataev & Popushoj, 1957; Martsikh, 1965), Rostov Oblast (Krasov, 1960), Krasnodar and Stavropol Kraj (Nagornyi, 1913; Lobik, 1928a, b), Azerbajdzhan (Shipinova, 1954; Mekhtieva, 1956), Armenia (Melik- Khachatryan, 1959, 1960, 1964; Simonyan, 1960, 1962, 1965, 1969, 1973; Osipyan, 1961, 1965, 1968; Khachatryan, 1963; Teterevnikova-Babayan & Simonyan, 1964; Teterevnikova-Babayan & Pogosyan, 1965; Taslakhch yan, 1967a, b; Simonyan & Mel nik, 1970; Arutyunyan, 1971), Georgia (Siemaszko, 1915, 1922; Kanchaveli & Melia, 1949, 1956; Eristavi & Targamadze, 1953; Kirimelashvili, 1954, 1956; Mkervali, 1962; Murvanishvili, 1965; Gvaramadze, 1967; Imerlishvili, 1968), Caucasus (Voronov, 1915; in this work many publications of N. N. Voronichin and others authors on Caucasian micromycetes are summarised), Central- Czernozem region [central area of European part of Russia with czernozem soils] (Potebnia, 1910a, b; Bondartsev & Lebedeva, 1914; Bondartsev, 1921; Gorlenko, 1932; Brezhnev, 1939, 1950, 1961, 1967, 1968, 1972; Nikolaeva, 1953, 1968; Tomilin, 1957a, b; Rtishcheva, 1966, 1968a, b; Grishina, 1970, 1971; Nikolaeva & Grishina, 1968, 1970), Moscow Oblast (Klaptsova, 1941; Fan Tyk Hyen, 1965), Tula Oblast (Trusova, 1915), territory of the middle and lower flow of Volga River (Karakulin & Lobik, 1915; Szembel, 1915; Rodigin, 1939; Bikmukhametova & Sibiryak, 1963), North Ural Mountains (Shumilenko, 1960), Kazakhstan (Byzova & al., 1967), republics of Central Asia (Zaprometov, 1926, 1928; Golovin, 1950; Anan eva, 1957; Pospelov & al., 1957; Pospelov, 1960; Koshkelova, 1962; Panfilova & Gaponenko, 1963; Gamalitskaya, 1965; Gaponenko, 1965; Frolov, 1966; Koshkelova & al., 1970; Koshkelova & Frolov, 1973), Siberia (Nozdrenko, 1960; Tomilin, 1963; Enkina, 1970, 1971), Far East of Russia (Ablakatova, 1960, 1961; Ablakatova, & Koval, 1961; Koval, 1960; Nelen, 1964, 1966). There is only a small number of taxonomic publications on Ascochyta. Diedicke (1912) discussed the position of Ascochyta within the imperfect fungi. Sprague & Johnson (1950) examined graminicolous Ascochyta spp. of the USA and discussed the position of this genus within the Deuteromycetes as well as its infrageneric classification. These authors provided a first key for the identification of 12 Ascochyta spp. based on feature of the conidial shape, length, and width. Žerbele (1959) dealt in his work on Baltic Ascochyta spp. with some taxonomic problems of this genus. There are numerous publications dealing with the physiology and biology of Ascochyta spp.; most of them referred to economically important parasites on legumes, cucurbits, and other important host plants. Studies on the biochemistry of Ascochyta spp. are rare. Most of them dealt with pathogens of legumes (peas, beans, alfalfa, etc.). Genetic, karyological, and cytological studies are almost lacking. 10 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

11 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 2. Taxonomy 2. Taxonomy The genus Ascochyta was described by Libert (1830), who considered the conidia of this genus as minute asci and the content of the cells as small spherical conidia. Link (1833), Corda (1842), Rabenhorst (1844), and Bonorden (1851) followed this generic interpretation. Léveille (1849) was the first author to consider the asci (sensu Libert) as conidia and described them to be oval, linear, one-celled or septate. Saccardo (1878) emended the generic circumscription two times and finally proposed the following description of Ascochyta (Saccardo, 1884, p. 384): Perithecia in partibus plerumque decoloratis foliorum vel ramulorum innata, membranacea, poro centrali pertusa, globoso-lenticularia. Sporulae ovoideae vel oblongae, 1-septatae, hyalinae vel chlorinae. Nonnullae species ad auctoribus sub Ascochytae titulo venditatae, quoad fructificationem vero indescriptae, utpote quae ad Septoriae vel Phyllostictae formas facile pertinentes, hic penitus omittuntur. This interpretation was accepted in Saccardo s Sylloge fungorum ( ) and others works (Lindau, 1900; Allescher, 1901; Davis, 1919; Clements & Shear, 1931). Beside Ascochyta, the genus Diplodina was introduced by Westendorp (1857). According to Allescher (1901), these genera are only separated in their substrates (Ascochyta on leaves, Diplodina on other parts of host plants). However, Diedicke (1912) described differences between these genera in the structure of the pycnidial wall (thin and soft in Ascochyta, Phoma -like in Diplodina), and these interpretations have been widely used in literature. Some other mycologists questioned these interpretations and emphasised that the delimitation of similar species based on the these characteristics are insufficient (Potebnia, 1907; Petrak, 1925; Archer, 1926; Dennis, 1946; Sprague & Johnson, 1950), and these statements have been confirmed by observations of some other mycologists (Baker & al., 1949, 1961; Žerbele, 1963; Dzhalagoniya, 1965; Brezhnev, 1967; Savile, 1968; Mel nik, 1969, etc.). In these examinations, particular species were found on different parts of the host plant, while the structure of the pycnidial wall changed simultaneously. All species of Diplodina, which are not distinct from Ascochyta spp., except for differences in substrate characteristics and the structure of the peridial wall, have to be referred to the latter genus. Furthermore, the type species of Diplodina D. salicis Westend. is quite distinct from the other species which have been referred to this genus. According to Boerema & al. (1965), Diplodina salicis is identical with Discella carbonacea (Fr.) Berk. & Broome (type species of the genus Discella). It can be clearly stated that there is no reason for a discrimination of Ascochyta spp. and morphologically similar Diplodina spp. Tassi (1902) discussed the relationships between Ascochyta and Diplodina spp. He referred species with hyaline, two-celled conidia, up to 15 µm in length to Ascochyta and placed caulicolous fungi with similar conidia in Diplodinula Tassi. Species with larger conidia, longer than 15 µm, were assigned to the new genus Diplodaria Tassi. In the latter genus, differences in the substrate preference were undoubtedly not taken into consideration (Sprague & Johnson, 1950). However, Saccardo (1906) did not agree with Tassi s concept, but divided Diplodina into subgenera, viz. subgen. Eu-Diplodina, with Diplodinula as synonym, and subgen. Diplodaria. Species of subgen. Eu-Diplodina were characterised as micro-conidial fungi (conidia up to 15 µm long) and species of subgen. Diplodaria as macro-conidial fungi (conidia more than 15 µm long). It has already been discussed that the habit of the fungi concerned and the conidial size are not suitable for a differentiation of genera. Hence, we regard Diplodinula as well as Diplodaria as synonyms of Ascochyta. Agreeing with Tassi, Petrak (1925) described the genus Macrodiplodina with M. sesleriae (C. Massal.) Petr. (= Diplodina sesleriae C. Massal.) as type species, which is characterised by having conidia of up to 50 µm in length and 14 µm in width. An examination of authentic specimens of this species showed that there are no differences on generic rank to typical Ascochyta spp. Tassi (1902) introduced the genus Ascochytella Tassi for Ascochyta-like taxa (fam. Sphaeropsidaceae) with brown, two-celled conidia. Beside Diplodinula spp., Ascochytella Tassi included the following species of Ascochyta: A. aquilegiae (Roum. & Pat.) Sacc., A. camelliae Pass., A. ligustrina Pass., A. sambuci Sacc., A. unedonis Sacc., A. vicina Sacc. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

12 2. Taxonomy V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. However, Saccardo did not recognise Ascochytella as a good genus, but later (Saccardo, 1906, 1913), he considered Ascochytella as a subgenus (section?) of Ascochyta which he divided into subgen. Eu-Ascochyta (with hyaline conidia) and Ascochytella Tassi (ut gen.) (with lightly coloured conidia), respectively. Somewhat later, Potebnia (1907) proposed to regard Ascochytula as a subgenus of Ascochyta and included species with slightly coloured conidia. Diedicke (1912) accepted Ascochyta, Ascochytella as well as Ascochytula. According to Diedicke (1912), Ascochytella was characterised by having pseudopycnidial fruitbodies and pale brown, fusiform conidia. The genus Ascochytula was based on subgenus Ascochytula Potebnia, with Phoma-like fruitbodies and pale brown conidia with rounded ends. Later, Diedicke referred to Ascochytella species with pseudopycnidial fruitbodies and light brown, fusiform conidia, and to Ascochytula fungi with completely developed, thick-walled parenchymatic fruitbodies and oblong or cylindrical light brown conidia with rounded ends. This delimitation was accepted by Migula (1921) and Höhnel (1923). It is evident that the basic differentiation between Ascochytella and Ascochytula is only to be seen in the structure of the pycnidial wall. The taxonomic value of this feature for a delimitation of two morphologically similar genera is very doubtful. As already discussed, the differences in the structure of the pycnidial wall for the separation of Ascochyta and Diplodina are not acceptable since they depend on the particular substrates. These reasons are fully conclusive for Ascochytella as well as Ascochytula. Trotter (according to Saccardo, 1931) did neither recognise Ascochytella nor Ascochytula, but reduced to subgenera (sections?) of Ascochyta, so that Trotter followed Diedicke s (1912) interpretation of Ascochyta. Grove (1935) noted that there is no reason for a separation of Ascochytella and Ascochytula based on a thin (pseudoparenchymatic) pycnidial wall in the latter genus, but he recognised Ascochytella as a separate genus beside Ascochyta. Sprague & Johnson (1950) also discussed the relationships between Ascochyta and Ascochytella Ascochytula in their studies on grass and cereal ascochytoses of the USA, regarded the latter two genera as synonyms, and treated Ascochytella as a section of Ascochyta. This treatment agrees with that of Saccardo (1906, 1913). Sprague & Johnson (1950) emphasised that this interpretation fully agrees with the concept of Ascochyta in Saccardo (1884) which was accepted by Grove (1935). Sprague & Johnson (1950) supported the validity of this point of view with collections of Ascochyta pisi Lib., the type species of this genus, found on Vicia by Sprague, which were characterised by having pale brown conidia. According to Diedicke (1912), the conidial shape represents the second characteristic important for the division of these genera. Ascochytella species form fusiform conidia with acute ends and Ascochytula species form conidia with rounded ends. An analysis of specimens referred to Ascochytella and Ascochytula (sensu Diedicke) showed that conidia of particular species may be fusiform with acute ends as well as cylindrical to oblong-ellipsoid with rounded ends. It is not uncommon to find a continuum of conidial shapes. Hence, the character mentioned above cannot be used for a differentiation of Ascochytella and Ascochytula. The two genera have to be merged with Ascochytella as correct, valid name. Trotter, in Saccardo (1931), did neither recognise Ascochytella nor Ascochytula, but reduced these genera to subgenera (sections?) of Ascochyta, i. e. he followed Diedicke s (1912) interpretation of Ascochyta. Grove (1935) stated that any postulated differences between Ascochytella and Ascochytula, based on the structure of the pycnidial wall, are not tenable, but he recognised Ascochytella as a separate genus. The relations between Ascochytella and Ascochytula have also been discussed by Sprague & Johnson (1950) in the treatment of ascochytoses of cereals and grasses of the USA. They considered the two genera synonyms and treated Ascochytella as a section of Ascochyta, which was a system that agreed with that of Saccardo (1906, 1913). Sprague & Johnson (1950) emphasised that their interpretation fully agreed with the concept of Ascochyta introduced by Saccardo (1884) and accepted by Grove (1935). According to Sprague & Johnson (1950), this treatment was strongly supported by the observation that even in A. pisi, the type species of Ascochyta, collected by Sprague on Vicia sp., the conidia were pale brown. It is, however, necessary to decide the following question. Should Ascochytella be treated as a subgenus of Ascochyta or as a separate genus? It is necessary to return to the arguments of Sprague and Johnson (1950) 12 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

13 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 2. Taxonomy that the inclusion of Ascochytella as a subgenus of Ascochyta is not in contradiction with the original concept of Ascochyta accepted by Saccardo (1884). These authors also stated that they found a collection of A. pisi on Vicia sp. with pale brown conidia. However, this statement was undoubtedly based on a misidentified specimen. A. pisi is undoubtedly one of the most studied species of Ascochyta, but pigmented (or even only faintly tinged) conidia have never been recorded. It seems that Sprague dealt with Diplodia viciae Szembel, described by this Russian scientist on Vicia leaves from the former Saratov Province. Its morphological features, except the colour of the conidia, are, indeed, very close to those of A. pisi. Diplodia viciae has been transferred to Ascochytella and later to Pseudodiplodia. Hence, Sprague s (Sprague & Johnson, 1950) arguments for the inclusion of species with pigmented conidia in Ascochyta are not acceptable. On the other hand, among fungi referred to Ascochyta there are many species with pale, faintly tinged conidia. The following notes are, however, necessary. In original diagnoses of many species, the conidia have often been described to be slightly greenish, slightly smoky or almost colourless. Examinations of type specimens of such species showed, however, that the conidia of many of them were hyaline. The conidia in Ascochyta ricinella Sacc. & Scalia, including type material, are, for instance, quite colourless, although in the original description they were characterised to be slightly greenish. Ascochyta kashmiriana Padwick & Mehr is an analogous example. The slightly greenish cell content was undoubtedly caused by refractive oil drops. It was observed that oil drops gradually disappear with age, so that in herbarium specimens such cell inclusions may only be rarely found. On the other hand, we found fresh material of Ascochyta daturae Sacc. differing in the content of oil drops in conidia, although these specimens were collected simultaneously and at the same locality, viz. in the nursery of the Komarov Botanical Institute (Leningrad, Russia). These data show that the interpretation of the conidial colour has to be considered cautiously. Therefore, we propose to include in Ascochyta species with hyaline and subhyaline (faintly tinged) conidia. Species with analogous morphology but pigmented conidia should be placed in Pseudodiplodia or other genera of the Phaeodidymae (Sphaeropsidales). It is clear that this approach is a matter of definition. Among imperfect fungi, as in other fungal groups, too, there are many pairs of species that, according to the original diagnoses, only differ from each other in the conidial pigmentation, e. g., Septoria Phaeoseptoria, Cercosporella Cercospora, Phoma Coniothyrium, Phyllosticta Phyllostictella, Macrophoma Sphaeropsis, Camarosporium Camarographium, Phleospora Phaeophleospora, Leptothyrella Diplopeltis, Robillarda Phaeorobillarda, Marssonia Phaeomarssonia, Mycosphaerella Phaeosphaerella. In all of these genera, there are some species which are intermediate with regard to the conidial pigmentation. The taxonomic status of such species has often been controversially discussed by different specialists. Jaczewski (1927, p. 62) stated that in these cases, as generally in nature, there are often gradual transitions between different basic types which often cause doubt of the generic affinity of the taxa concerned. Until other, more reliable methods for the estimation of conidial pigmentations will be developed or other, more practicable (morphological, biological, physiological, biochemical, etc.) characteristics for the delimitation of allied taxonomic groups will be found, taxonomists have to cope with these complex problems. But we have to return to the discussion of the delimitation between Ascochytella and Ascochyta. According to Petrak (1953), Ascochytella is a synonym of Pseudodiplodia which was previously considered a genus of the Nectrioidaceae. Based on the examination of the type species of this genus, it could be shown that Pseudodiplodia has to be referred to the Sphaeropsidaceae. In this context, Petrak (1953) transferred some species of Ascochytella, Ascochyta, Diplodia, and Diplodina to Pseudodiplodia. However, it is important to note that Pseudodiplodia belongs to a large group of genera within the Sphaeropsidales-Phaeodidymae which, according to Zambettakis (1954), are only little differentiated. These differences can only be found by specific examinations, since the original diagnoses are usually too brief and insufficient for a final treatment. Therefore, we refer these taxa in the taxonomic part of this book only to this group of genera [ species e Sphaeropsidales (Phaeodidymae) ]. Beside the genera already discussed, Stagonosporopsis, introduced by Diedicke (1912), is also close to Ascochyta. This genus is characterised by having conidia with one, two or occasionally three septa. Jaczewski (1917) treated Stagonosporopsis as a subgenus of Ascochyta, whereas Petrak (1925) reduced this genus to synonymy with Ascochyta, and Sprague & Johnson (1950) agreed with the latter author. Žerbele Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

14 2. Taxonomy V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. (1959) stated that both genera are very closely allied, but separate genera. Davis (1919) recognised Stagonosporopsis as a separate genus as well. We follow Jaczewski s (1917) view point and treat Stagonosporopsis as a subgenus of Ascochyta. An analysis of all Ascochyta specimens examined showed that the number of conidia with two septa is generally not very large and 3-septate conidia are very rare. Therefore, it is not justified to refer taxa with such conidia to a separate genus; it is better to place them in a separate subgenus of Ascochyta. Mel nik (1971) published a first taxonomic treatment of Ascochyta in which species with a single as well as two or rarely three septa were assigned to subgenus Stagonosporopsis. Later, the holotype (BR) and an isotype (LE) of A. pisi Lib. were examined, and it turned out that both specimens contained some conidia with two or even three septa beside normal two-celled ones. Hence, the features of the latter species coincide with those of subgenus Stagonosporopsis. Mel nik (1973) discussed this problem and its influence on the nomenclature of Ascochyta incl. Stagonosporopsis. Furthermore, it is necessary to discuss the status of Apiocarpella Syd. (syn.: Apiosporella Speg., 1910, non Höhn., 1906). In the original diagnosis, Spegazzini (1910) discussed the similarity of the genus Apiosporella with Ascochyta and described hyaline, asymmetrical conidia with a larger upper and smaller lower cell. Clements & Shear (1931), referring to Petrak (1925), considered Apiocarpella a synonym of Ascochyta. It is, however, necessary to note that Apiocarpella has not been mentioned in Petrak s (1925) paper. Wehmeyer (1946), Greene (1948), and Sprague & Johnson (1950) treated Apiocarpella together with Ascochyta. We have had the opportunity to examine type material of Apiocarpella macrospora (Speg.) Syd. (LPS). The pycnidia agreed well with those of common fruitbodies of Ascochyta species and contained broadly fusiform, two-celled, hyaline conidia. All of them were characterised by having a displaced septum in the lower half. Among species referred to Ascochyta, there are a few taxa with similarly displaced septa, e. g., A. anisomera Kabát & Bubák, A. vassjaginae Melnik, and A. thermopsidis Solheim. On the other hand, A. forsythiae (Sacc.) Höhn., A. savulescui Rădul. & Negru, A. necans (Ellis & Everh.) Davis, A. bohemica Kabát & Bubák, A. daphnes Höhn. and some additional species have conidia with a single central as well as sometimes displaced septum. The examination of holotype material of Stagonospora marssonia Siemaszko (LE) showed that the conidia, contrary to the data given in the original description, consistently formed a single median to somewhat displaced septum. There are many similar examples. Mel nik (1971) proposed to refer to subgenus Apiocarpella (Syd.) Melnik species with consistently eccentric as well as central to eccentric septa. However, the revision of the whole genus Ascochyta indicated that species with consistently eccentric septa should rather be maintained in a separate genus, viz. Apiocarpella. Furthermore, the conidial septum in species of the latter genus is always conspicuously and usually strongly eccentric. Taxa with a variable placement of the septum, ranging from median to eccentric, are excluded from Apiocarpella and assigned in the present work to Ascochyta subgenus Libertia. The septa in these species are usually only slightly eccentric. Based on the present data and discussions, the following circumscription and synonymy of Ascochyta and its infrageneric units can be given: Ascochyta Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard.: no. 12 (1830). Syn.: Diplodina auct., non Westend., Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique ser. 2, 7, 2, 1857: 562. Diplodinula Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Univ. Siena 5, 1902: Diplodaria Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Univ. Siena 5, 1902: Stagonosporopsis Died., Ann. Mycol. 10, 1912: 142. Macrodiplodina Petr., Sydowia 15, 1961: 190. Pycnidia on leaves, fruits, stems, and another parts of host plants, predominantly on living hosts, immersed or semi-immersed, sometimes almost superficial or superficial, scattered or aggregated, varying from lentiform, globose-depressed to globose or globose-conical, with a circular pore, sometimes with ostioles of different shapes. Pycnidial wall (peridium) variable in colour, pseudoparenchymatic, depending on substrate conditions delicate, membranaceous, almost transparent or thick, sometimes almost carbonaceous, consisting of thick-walled cells; lower part of pycnidia sometimes without any walls. Conidia variable, predominantly cylindrical, oblong-ovate, oblong-ellipsoidal, ovate, ellipsoidal, fusiform, subclavate, with rounded, 14 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

15 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 2. Taxonomy sometimes slightly attenuated or acute ends, straight or slightly bent to flexuous, usually with a single median septum, sometimes initially one-celled, later with a single median or displaced septum, occasionally with two, rarely with three septa, not constricted to slightly or strongly constricted, with or without oil drops, hyaline to subhyaline (faintly tinged). Conidiophores usually absent; narrow cylindrical or conical conidiophores are only known in a few species. Perfect stages of Ascochyta belonging in Didymella. Subgenus Ascochyta. Ascochyta Lib. subgen. Eu-Ascochyta Jacz., Opredelitel gribov 2, 1917: 71 p. p. Stagonosporopsis Died., Ann. Mycol. 10, 1912: 142. Ascochyta Lib. subgen. Stagonosporopsis (Died.) Jacz., Opredelitel gribov 2, 1917: 70 p. p. Ascochyta Lib. subgen. Ascochyta: Mel'nik, Mikol. i Fitopat. 5, 1, 1971: 21 p. p. Conidia with a single consistently central septum, few conidia with two septa, very rarely with three septa. Type: A. pisi Lib. (BR!). Subgenus Libertia Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1973: 168. Ascochyta Lib. subgen. Eu-Ascochyta Jacz., Opredelitel gribov 2, 1917: 71 p. p., excl. A. pisi Lib. Ascochyta Lib. subgen. Ascochyta: Mel'nik, Mikol. i Fitopat. 5, 1, 1971: 21 p. p., excl. A. pisi Lib. Ascochyta Lib. subgen. Apiocarpella (Syd.) Melnik, Mikol. i Fitopat. 5, 1, 1971: 21 p. p. Conidia always with a single central or sometimes displaced septum. Type: A. orientalis Bondartsev (LE!). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

16 3. Morphology V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 3. Morphology 3.1 Pycnidia The fruitbodies of Ascochyta spp. are pycnidia (in papers of authors up to the middle of the 18 th century, fruitbodies of Ascochyta as well as other members of the Sphaeropsidales were classified as perithecia ). They are globose, globose-conical, globose-depressed, lentiform to slightly compressed in the middle. Within a single species, pycnidia may range from globose, globose-depressed to lentiform, but in most cases they are more or less circular in outline. In species growing on leaves of Gramineae, Sparganiaceae, and Cyperaceae, pycnidia are, however, often oval in outline, so that the longitudinal axis is spread along the veins of the leaves. Similar pycnidia are occasionally found on hosts of other families as well. As a rule, pycnidia are more or less regularly scattered on leaf spots caused by the particular species (in phytoparasitic species) or spread over the entire surface (in saprobic species). Sometimes the pycnidia are arranged in more or less regular concentric circles. Species growing on cereals and grasses are often characterised by having pycnidia between veins of leaves. The number of pycnidia on different spots of a single species may vary from a few to hundred or more. The abundance of pycnidia seems to depend on physiological data of the substrates that supply the fungus with nutritives. Ondřej (1968), who studied the causal agents of ascochytoses of legumes in Czechoslovakia, showed that the number of pycnidia in culture depends on the composition of the medium. Our own observations on the development of various species in nature did not reveal any correlation between the quantity of pycnidia and the size of the spots. If pycnidia are abundant, they are sometimes confluent and remind one of stromata. Pycnidia are often densely aggregated, so that the spots appear to be rough. For this reason, the ascochytosis of sorghum in the USA was called the rough spot of sorghum (Sprague & Johnson, 1950). Pycnidia are usually immersed in the substrate, mostly more than half of pycnidial fruitbody is covered by the epidermis, so that only the upper part remains uncovered. However, pycnidia are sometimes fully immersed in the host tissue, but even in these cases, the apex of the pycnidium with the pore is protruding. The placement of pycnidia in the substrate mostly depends on the structure of the particular tissue. Greene (1949b) mentioned that Stagonospora sparganii (Fuckel) Sacc., as other fungi of the Sphaeropsidales on aquatic plants, is characterised by having fully immersed pycnidia, since this species has lacunes, which are typical for aquatic plants, in which it develops its fruitbodies. A similar information on the pycnidial location in A. typhoidearum (Desm.) Cunnell has been given by Cunnell (1959). Analogous situations have been observed in Ascochyta spp. on hosts belonging to the Cyperaceae and Gramineae. In soft tissues (petals, delicate tissues of fruits, leaves, etc.), pycnidia are often superficial, only immersed in the substrate with the base. The placement of pycnidia in the host tissue changes with time. If pycnidia develop in a thick epidermis, they grow, rise, and become semi-immersed. Pycnidia of species on dry herbaceous stems may be entirely superficial due to the degradation of the upper layer of dead cells. In most cases, pycnidia on leaves and petals are usually epiphyllous. Examinations of type specimens showed that pycnidia, contrary to the descriptions of the original authors, were not found hypophyllously. It can be supposed that these misinterpretations have been caused by the fact that pycnidia on thin leaves and petioles are often visible from both sides. However, detailed observations easily show the position of the pore, which indicates the true location of the pycnidium. But sometimes pycnidia may be amphigenous, for instance in A. githaginis Hollós. The pycnidial size is apparently not connected with the conidial size. For example A. sesleriae C. Massal., which has the largest conidia in Ascochyta [30-40 (50) 8-10 (14) µm] has pycnidia of up to 280 µm diam., whereas A. caricina Melnik with somewhat smaller conidia ( µm) has pycnidia of µm diam. A. herreana Henn. possesses conidia of µm and small pycnidia, only µm diam. Finally, A. greenei Melnik, which has the smallest conidia in Ascochyta [(6) µm], is characterised by large pycnidia ( µm diam.). The variation of the pycnidial size in different specimens of a single species may be very significant. In most species, the largest pycnidia may be twice as large as the smallest ones; in some species even three times larger. Pycnidia of A. mercurialis Bres. are, for instance, µm 16 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

17 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 3. Morphology diam., in A. fraserae Ellis & Everh. they are (300) µm diam., in A. marginata Davis µm diam., in A. phyllidis Jørst µm diam., etc. Most species of Ascochyta form conidia between 100 and 160 µm diam. 3.2 Peridium The peridium (wall) of pycnidia consists of pseudoparenchymatic tissue. Its thickness is mostly determinated by the kind of substrate in which the pycnidium develops. In soft tissues of leaves, petals, fruits, and other parts of plants, the peridium consists of 1-2 layers of thin-walled cells. Pycnidia in some species do not have any wall structures in the basal part. In more solid substrates, pycnidia usually possess peridia with 3-4 or more layers of thick-walled cells. Peridial cells are isodiametric and usually µm. The pycnidial colour usually depends of the colour of the peridium and may be carbonaceous black or dark brown (on many grasses and in firm substrates) to pale (light olivaceous, yellowish brown, straw-coloured, honeycoloured, light brown, rust-red, flesh-red, etc.). The intensity of the pigmentation depends on the degree of maturation of the pycnidia. The peridia of young pycnidia of A. pisi are straw-coloured to light olivaceous yellow, but in mature fruitbodies they are yellowish brown or even rust-brown. In some cases, the outer layer of cells may be very delicate and thin and almost indistinguishable from the other layers of the peridial tissue. 3.3 Pore and ostiole The pycnidial pore in Ascochyta ssp. is usually more or less regular, and its diameter does not exceed µm (average µm). As a rule, the peridial tissue around the pore consists of small thick-walled cells which look like a ring around the pore. This ring is, above all, very distinct in faintly pigmented pycnidia with delicate, thin-walled peridia. In the original diagnoses of some Ascochyta spp., the pores have been described as being indistinct, but based on examinations of type specimens it turned out that true pores are always present, although they are sometimes inconspicuous, since they are covered by the epidermis or the typical pigmented ring around the pore is lacking. Ostioles of pycnidia are usually papillate or cylindrical. They are usually very common in pycnidia which develop in thick plant tissues, but usually absent in semi-immersed and superficial pycnidia. However, it is possible that pycnidia in a single specimen may form ostioles or not. 3.4 Conidia The conidial shape in Ascochyta spp. is variable. Comparisons of results, based on re-examinations of type collections, with data from original descriptions, are often difficult. Conidial shapes have often been interpreted in different ways. The conidia of numerous species have often been described as being oblong, elongated or linear, but these descriptions are almost meaningless since they may refer to almost all shapes with a length/width ratio of more than 3 : 1. According to A glossary of mycology (Snell & Dick, 1971), cylindrical structures have a diameter uniform throughout, whereas oblong structures are characterised by a length which is about two times larger than the width, the lateral walls are parallel, and the ends are more or less rounded. A comparison of these characterisations shows that the parallel sides represent the only difference between these terms. However, in nature the differentiation between cylindrical and oblong (sensu Snell & Dick, 1971) is very difficult or even impossible, above all with regard to conidia. Examinations of numerous type specimens showed that oblong conidia (according to original diagnoses) may be ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid, oval, cylindrical, etc. Based on these results we decided to exclude species with oblong, elongated, linear, and similar conidia, if it was impossible to examine types or other authentic collections. Based on the examination of numerous Ascochyta spp. it can be concluded that the conidia in most taxa are cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoid, ellipsoid or broadly fusiform. Some other species have clavate, fusiform, or ovate conidia. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

18 3. Morphology V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Table 3. Size of conidia of some Ascochyta species (in µm). Species Length Width Small conidia A. coffeae Henn A. cinchonae Melnik A. evonymi Pass A. alpina Rostr. 6-8 (9) (2.2) A. bambusicola Cif. & Gonz. Frag A. plumeriae Henn Large conidia A. acori Oudem A. marssonia (Siemaszko) Melnik (15) A. savulescui Rădul. & Negru A. sesleriae C. Massal (50) 8-10 (14) A. ducis-aprutii Mattir. (24) (11.5) A. rumicicola Vasyag. (15) (36) (15.5) A. siemaszkoi Melnik A. elephas Kabát & Bubák A. haloxyli (Syd.) Jacz The conidial ontogeny in A. pisi, the type species of Ascochyta, was studied by Brewer & Boerema (1965). On the basis of electron microscopical examinations they found that the development of conidia is initiated by the appearance of long, thin-walled protrusions of conidiogenous cells. These outgrowths are seceded from the conidiogenous cells by a developing basal septum. When the separating wall of the conidium becomes thickened, one or two septa are formed simultaneously. The conidiogenous locus is indeterminate, so that a number of successively produced conidia may leave annular scars on the apex of the conidiogenous cells. Arx (1967) classified Ascochyta conidia as aleurospores but based on modern terminology (Kendrick, 1971) they are holoblastic. We have examined numerous species and came to the conclusion that one-celled conidia, which are often found in pycnidia, are immature. As shown by Brewer & Boerema (1965), septa only appear after the secession of the conidia from the conidiogenous cells. Some authors, e. g., Grove (1935), supposed that many species of Phyllosticta are only immature stages of Ascochyta. However, according to van der Aa (1973) conidia of true Phyllosticta spp. form a mucilaginous sheath or even an apical appendage. Both are lacking in Ascochyta. In mature material, conidial septa are always conspicuously visible. In immature conidia, septa are only observable after staining. Conidia may be constricted at the septa. In particular pycnidia, conidia may range from being strongly constricted, slightly constricted to non-constricted. Small conidia of A. alpina Rostr. have very thick septa which imitate the existence of two separate cells. Furthermore, some of the conidia may disarticulate into two cells. However, it can be noted that the absence of a septum in the conidium is not sufficient to conclude that this fungus does not belong to Ascochyta. In experiments on the biology of some Ascochyta spp., we have observed that fructifications with one-celled conidia may belong in the life cycle of this genus. In pycnidia of A. githaginis Hollós, micro-conidia ( µm) are formed beside normal conidia [11-18 (20) (3.5)]. The presence of micro-conidia in fructifications of imperfect fungi is also known in some species of the Melanconiales (Vasil evskij & Karakulin, 1950), but the biological significance of this phenomenon is not yet clear. The conidial size is variable. Some data of very small as well as very large conidia are given in Table 3 above. 18 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

19 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 3. Morphology A. acori Oudem. possesses the largest conidia ( µm) and A. bambusicola Cif. & Gonz. Frag. the smallest ones ( µm). Most species have conidia of about 6-15 µm in length and 2-4 µm in width. There are numerous species with similar conidial dimensions, e. g., more or less cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoid conidia up to 12 (13) µm in length and (3.5) 4 µm in width are found in A. pellucida Bubák, A. marginata Davis, A. aristolochiae Sacc., A. asclepiadearum Traverso, A. basellae Henn., A. alni Siemaszko, A. boraginis I. E. Brezhnev, A. adenophorae Melnik, A. tenerrima Sacc. & Roum., A. spinaciae Bond.-Mont., A. doronici Allesch., A. calystegiae Sacc., A. cheiranthi Bres., A. lamiorum Sacc., A. malvicola Sacc., A. volubilis Sacc. & Malbr., A. daturae Sacc., A. hemipteleae Melnik, A. urticae A. L. Sm. & Ramsb., A. valerianae A. L. Sm. & Ramsb., A. verbenae Siemaszko, and A. violae-hirtae Bubák Consistently or predominantly cylindrical conidia up to 10 µm in length and 3 (3.5) µm in width are characteristical for A. wisconsina Davis, A. cotyledonis H. Zimm., A. geraniicola Siemaszko, A. grandimaculans Kabát & Bubák, A. procenkoi Melnik, A. resedae Bond.-Mont., A. potentillarum Sacc., A. phyllidis Jørst., A. phellodendri Kabát & Bubák, A. verbascina Thüm., A. cyphomandrae Petch, and A. erevanica Babayan & Simonyan. Many other species may be referred to other groupings of Ascochyta spp. with similar conidial sizes. It can be noted that in general conidial length is much more variable than conidial width. As demonstrated by observations and measurements of numerous conidia from many specimens, the conidial size mostly depends on the location of the fruitbodies. Conidia in pycnidia from dry parts of plants are usually somewhat smaller that those from living organs. Differences in the conidial size of Ascochyta and Diplodina spp., described from the same host plant, may be explained by this phenomenon. Based on examinations of thousands of specimens from many herbaria of the world, we have tried to find correlations between the geographical origin of specimens and their morphology, above all with regard to the conidial size. Therefore, we mainly studied large numbers of species with world-wide distribution, viz. A. doronici Allesch., A. lamiorum Sacc., A. pisi Lib., and A. bresadolae Sacc. & Syd. Specimens of these taxa are present in almost all of the 67 herbaria of the USSR and many other herbaria abroad. However, it turned out that there are no significant morphological differences between various specimens of the species concerned, including shape and size of the conidia. Conidia of Ascochyta spp. are usually hyaline, but some species produce faintly tinged conidia. The intensity of the coloration is, however, very weak and often only traceable in comparison with taxa which have genuinely colourless conidia. Faintly tinged conidia have often been described in original diagnoses, but could then not be confirmed by re-examinations of type collections. Fresh conidia often possess refractive oil drops in the protoplasm so that the conidia appear to be coloured. However, large guttules disappear later, and the conidia become hyaline. This seems to be the explanation for the description of greenish conidia in the original descriptions of A. ricinella and A. kashmiriana. Oil drops have often been described in conidia of Ascochyta spp., but as mentioned above they easily disappear with age. The names A. biguttulata E. Y. Daniels and A. quadriguttulata Kabát & Bubák indicate, for instance, the presence of oil drops in conidia. However, even if they are still present in conidia, their number usually does not coincide with the data given in the original diagnoses. In the course of examinations of Ascochyta spp. of the nursery of the Komarov Botanical Institute (Leningrad, Russia) in summer and autumn of 1971, we collected every two weeks specimens of Ascochyta on particular hosts and noted that fresh conidia had granular protoplasm and oil drops days later, the granulation gradually disappeared, above all in species with small conidia. In Ascochyta spp. with large conidia, the protoplasm of almost all taxa possessed persistent oil drops which, however, finally shrivelled. In various diagnoses of Ascochyta spp., above all in those of Kabát and Bubák, papillate conidiogenous cells have been described. The type specimens of these species did not have any separate conidiophores, but the conidia developed on papillate conidiogenous cells. Separate conidiophores have only been observed in A. polygoni-setosi (Bubák) Melnik as cylindrical outgrowths (20 4 µm) of the basal pycnidial cells. A discussion of the taxonomic value of the morphological features seems to be required. Shape and size of the pycnidia, the size of the pores, and the presence of an ostiole as well as the peridial structure and colour are not very important for taxonomic purposes, which has been confirmed by the present examinations. The variability of these features is too large to be useful for identification purposes. Features of the conidia are Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

20 3. Morphology V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. much more important. The conidial shape is more or less consistent and does not depend on conditions of the substrates (living or necrotic, soft or firm tissues). The conidial size is also significant. Conidia vary in size, but only to a certain extent. Length is more variable than width. In the original descriptions of Ascochyta spp., characteristics of the leaf spots caused by these fungi have often been described, which should be discussed in detail. Shape, size, and colour of leaf spots are variable. The spots may be circular, oval or oblong in outline (on plants belonging to the Cyperaceae, Gramineae, and Juncaceae they are often spread along the longitudinal axis of the leaf), or angular, limited by veins, lobate or irregular in shape. Spots may be solitary or numerous, evenly scattered or aggregated; they may be confluent, covering large segments of leaf blades or other plant organs; they may be spread over the entire leaf blade or confined to the margins. The size of the spots varies from 1-2 mm diam. to very large patches which sometimes cover the entire leaves, fruits, stems, etc. The colour of the spots is also very variable, but they are mainly yellowish, greyish, brownish or have different whitish shades. The margin of the spots is usually distinct and differs in colour, probably caused by metabolites in the peripheral parts of the spots (where the tissue is still alive) which induce intensive productions of pigments that may stain the tissue. In any case, the coloration of leaf spots is not specific for Ascochyta spp. Therefore, leaf spots of Ascochyta spp. have often been described as being similar to those of other leaf-spotting fungi, e. g., of Septoria, Phyllosticta, Gloeosporium, Colletotrichum spp., etc. Leaf spots of species of these genera are generally very uniform. This seems to be the reason for Jørstad s (1965, 1967) treatment of Septoria spp. on Gramineae and dicots in which he did not use any features of the leaf spots, but only morphological criteria. According to Bondartseva-Monteverde & Vasil evskij (1940, p. 351), differences in leaf spot characteristics on different host species are not indicative of different causal agents ; vice versa, the similarity of leaf spots cannot be considered as evidence for the identity of causal agents. It can be summarised that, out of all features discussed, the shape and size of the conidia represent the main structures for taxonomic purposes. However, it is possible that new scientific approaches, carried out by means of light and electron microscopy, may reveal additional morphological characteristics for taxonomic purposes. 20 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

21 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 4. Criteria for the delimitation of species 4. Criteria for the delimitation of species Morphological characters are the main criteria for the modern taxonomy of Ascochyta spp. In various fungal groups, the geographical distribution can be used as an additional taxonomic criterion. However, this feature is usually of limited value, since the geographical distribution of fungi is mostly little known. Therefore, this criterion has not been used for the taxonomy of Ascochyta spp. With regard to shape, size, and colour of pycnidia, the structure of the peridial wall, shape and size of the pore, presence of absence of an ostiole and its form, shape and size of the conidia, number and position of septa, quantity and placement of pycnidia in the substratum, quantity of conidia in a pycnidium, characters of the leaf spots caused by these fungi, only the shape and size of the conidia are taxonomically relevant. All other characters are extremely variable or do not have any peculiarities and cannot be used for taxonomic purposes. Webster & Hedwitt (1972), who studied 25 species of Diplodina and allied genera, also concluded that only the morphology, ornamentation, and size of conidia are taxonomically relevant. In fundamental works on Septoria from Norway, Jørstad (1965, 1967) emphasised a strong taxonomic significance of size, shape, and septation of conidia. Based on an analysis of the taxonomic value of various characters, which were used for the taxonomy of Septoria, Teterevnikova-Babayan (1973, p. 339) stated that the common habitus of the stylospores, their shape, straight or curved, the shape of the conidial ends, especially the thickness of the stylospores and, less importantly, their length are the most important feature in Septoria. She noted that these conclusions may be more or less applicable to other genera of the Sphaeropsidales allied to Septoria. Shape and size of conidia are, of course, variable as well. Studies on the variability of organisms which are representatives of a particular phenotypic samples, phenomes sensu Mayr (1971), play an important role for the determination of their taxonomic positions. Most authors of new taxa dealt with very few specimens and, of course, had no means to take into consideration the variability of the particular features that reflect the phenotypical variability influenced by different factors, including the substrate, i. e. the host plant. This phenomenon, i. e. the variability of particular characters and the corresponding incorrect evaluation of the taxonomic status of some taxa, has been pointed out by many scientists, particularly by Talbot (1971). He stated that taxonomists dealing with two extreme, marginal forms of a single, morphologically very variable species are usually inclined to accept them as separate species if they do not know intermediate collections of this species. However, this phenomenon may be compensated by the examination of a large number of specimens, if possible from different geographical areas. We have examined type collections of Ascochyta spp. from many herbaria of the world. In most cases, it could be confirmed that the placement of the species concerned in Ascochyta was correct, although a considerable number of species did not correspond with the generic diagnosis. Hence, these fungi have to be excluded from Ascochyta. The variability of features (shape and size of conidia) used for taxonomic purposes on species level is, however, not too large. Examinations of types and some other specimens usually showed that the conidial shape and size in the type collections fully reflect the characteristics of the species concerned. We have studied the variability of the morphology of various Ascochyta spp. based on specimens from different regions of the world, viz. A. pisi Lib., A. doronici Allesch., A. lamiorum Sacc., and A. bresadolae Sacc. & Syd. Their morphological features were more or less consistent. This phenomenon seems to be unusual, since ecological differences, e. g., in A. pisi from Australia and the Leningrad Oblast (Russia), could have an impact upon the fungal morphology. This is, however, wrong. Differences were not larger than those between specimens from Latvia and Lithuania. It seems that the different ecological conditions in Australia and the Leningrad Oblast in Russia do not directly influence the fungus, perhaps because the hyphae and pycnidia are immersed in and protected by the substrate. Influences of ecological conditions overlap each other. It is necessary to explain influences of different ecological conditions on hyphomycetes more profoundly. Based on the present examinations it could be shown that various species distinctly differ in morphology from other members of Ascochyta. On the other hand, there are various taxa that morphologically largely or fully agree with each other; being only distinguished by having different hosts. The existence of biological specialisation in various fungal groups is highly evident, e. g., in powdery mildews, rusts, smuts, and other Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

22 4. Criteria for the delimitation of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. groups of fungi. A wide host range was, for instance, found in Cytospora (Gvritishvili, 1971), despite the fact that these fungi have previously been considered strongly specialised. What about the situation in Ascochyta? Up to about 1930, most authors of new species did not compare new taxa with diagnoses of other species of the genus. Later they usually compared new species with Ascochyta spp. described on host plants of the same host genus (family). The type species of Ascochyta, A. pisi Lib., was recorded on species of Pisum, Phaseolus, and Cicer, i. e. on host plants of a single family, the Leguminosae (Saccardo, 1884); A. hesperideacearum Penz. was described from Limonia australis and Citrus limon belonging to the Rutaceae; A. treleasei Berl. & Voglino on Silphium integrifolium and Vernona noveboracensis, Compositae. Therefore, Naumov (1925), who described A. solani-tuberosi Naumov, compared this fungus only with Ascochyta spp. described on potatoes and allied Solanaceae. Padmanabhan (1947) also compared A. melongenae Padman. only with Ascochyta spp. known on host plants of the Solanaceae. Ciferri (1957), who dealt with the taxonomic position of A. hortorum (Speg.) C. O. Sm., discussed this name as synonym of Ascochyta spp. described on solanaceous hosts. Numerous Ascochyta spp. were recorded on hosts of different genera of the same family, e. g., in Davis (1919, 1942), Grove (1935), and in numerous publications of Petrak. The papers of Sprague & Johnson (1950) and Sprague (1950), confined to numerous host genera of the Gramineae, are well-known. Some mycologists from Romania have, undoubtedly, the same view point with regard to the specialisation of Ascochyta spp. They recently issued a collection on Forsythia intermedia (Herb. Mycol. Rom., no. 1985) under A. syringae Bres., which is quite a correct treatment since the well-known A. forsythiae (Sacc.) Höhn. is morphologically distinct. Scientists attempting to determine the specialisation of Ascochyta spp. using inoculation experiments usually limited the experiment to plants of a single genus or rarely of a single family. In experiments with the pycnidial stage of Didymella lycopersici Kleb., which certainly pertains in Ascochyta, Liesau (1933) inoculated only hosts of the Solanaceae. In host range experiments with the causal agent of ascochytoses of peas and other legumes, Bondartseva-Monteverde & Vasil evskij (1937, 1940) limited the inoculations to host plants of the family concerned. Jarius (1896), Rostrup (1896), van Hook (1906), Atkinson (1912), Stone (1912), Chupp (1925), Eriksson (1926), Sprague (1929), Ratschlag (1930), and other authors published works on the specialisation of causal agents of various ascochytoses in which they restricted their experiments to legumes. Chiu & Walker (1949b) studied the physiology and pathogenicity of A. cucumeris Fautrey & Roum. and showed that this fungus is capable to attack various host plants from different genera of the Cucurbitaceae. Baker & al. (1949) tested the specialisation of A. chrysanthemi F. Stevens (on garden chrysanthemum only). Laskaris (1950) described Diplodina delphinii Laskaris, which belongs to Ascochyta, but limited this study to hosts of Delphinium. In experiments on the specialisation of A. bohemica Kabát & Bubák, Sauthoff (1962) used only host plant from the Campanulaceae. Shavrova (1968) carried out experiments on the specialisation of A. aquilegiae (Rabenh.) Höhn., including only hosts of the Ranunculaceae. In experiments on the specialisation of Ascochyta spp. on legumes, Grishina (1971) used exclusively hosts from the Fabaceae. Kandinskaya (1971) and Stepanova (1971) studied the causal agents of Scopolia ascochytoses and confined inoculations to host plants of the Solanaceae. Furthermore, Kandinskaya (1971) published tests on the specialisation of ascochytoses of hosts belonging to the Malvaceae in which she only used hosts of the latter family. Listopadova & Uspenskaya (1971) examined the pathogenicity of ascochytoses of cucurbits, restricting the tests to host plants from the Cucurbitaceae. They showed that this fungus may infect a certain number of vegetables as well as wild plants of the Cucurbitaceae. On the other hand, there are some other investigations in which the strong specialisation of Ascochyta spp. has been called into question, e. g., in the interesting works of Bondartseva-Monteverde & Vasil evskij (1940). In this study, the authors clearly showed that some Ascochyta spp. are capable to infect host of various genera of the Fabaceae. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that A. phaseolorum Sacc. may infect Phaseolus vulgaris, Lens esculenta, Medicago sativa, Melilotus officinalis (Leguminosae) as well as Lapsana communis (Compositae). 22 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

23 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 4. Criteria for the delimitation of species Ellis (1950) noted that a strain of A. abelmoschi Harter from Hibiscus esculentus (Malvaceae) was pathogenic to Phaseolus vulgaris and Ph. lunatus (Leguminosae) and isolates from the latter plants vice versa to Hibiscus esculentus. On the base of the similarity of symptoms of the diseases and the size of the conidia, Ellis (1950) came to the conclusion that the causal agents of the diseases on H. esculentus and Phaseolus spp. may belong to a single species. Crossan (1958) published on the specialisation of Ascochyta spp. He compared the morphology, physiology, and pathogenicity of various fungi identified as A. abelmoschi, A. althaeina Sacc. & Bizz., A. capsici Bond.- Mont., A. gossypii Syd., A. lycopersici Brunaud, A. nicotianae Pass., and A. phaseolorum Sacc. collected on 10 hosts from North Carolina (USA). Inoculations caused similar symptoms in all induced infections, despite the different inoculum sources, so that Crossan concluded that all Ascochyta species listed above actually represent a single species, with A. phaseolorum being the oldest valid name. Žerbele (1963) pointed out that A. fagopyri Bres. was able to infect some unusual hosts, viz. Polygonum convolvulus and Vicia sativa, and that A. phaseolorum may attack Trifolium pratense and Vicia sativa. Alcorn (1968) carried out experiments with A. phaseolorum from Australia where this fungus, according to his data, is known from 48 host species of 14 plant families and additional 12 hosts were susceptible to A. phaseolorum in inoculation experiments. Alcorn noted that, as contrasted with the results of Crossan (1958), some fungi used in his experiments were not capable to infect those hosts which had been successfully infected by Crossan. Kandinskaya (1971) successfully inoculated Heracleum sosnowskyi (Umbelliferae) by a strain of Ascochyta from Rhaponticum carthamoides (Compositae). These examples show that Ascochyta spp. are able to infect a wide range of host plants. But what about the status of fungi with similar morphology and different host range? In the Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Deighton & al., 1962; Anonymous, 1972) it is indicated that parasitic fungi, which differ in physiology but not in morphology, may be treated as formae speciales of particular species differing from each other in their adaptations to various hosts. Jaczewski (1927) emphasised to treat biologically specialised, but morphologically uniform taxa as biological or special forms (formae speciales). Data on formae speciales of rusts, powdery mildews, and downy mildews are fairly well-known, but with regard to Ascochyta spp. comparable, reliable data are almost lacking. Žerbele (1963) experimentally proved the identity of A. daturae Sacc. and A. solani-tuberosi Naumov and noted that these fungi my be regarded as synonyms or formae speciales. Kandinskaya (1971) came to the conclusion that there is only a single Ascochyta sp. on the hosts of the Malvaceae examined, which is the result of the evolution of isolated special forms. According to Savile (1968), Diplodina pedicularis (Fuckel) Lind is composed of particular forms confined to different localities within the distribution area of certain host plants, although he did not refer to formae speciales. However, he stressed that this fungus is characterised by having races which are adopted to certain hosts. In the literature, a discussion can be found whether the category forma specialis is only applicable to obligate or to facultative parasitic fungi as well. Various opinions have been expressed by Malcolmson & Gray (1969), Skalicky (1968), Boerema (1969), and Hudson (1970). Taking all data discussed above into consideration, it has to be recognised that formae speciales do exist in Ascochyta. But what are the factors causing specialisations within these fungi? It has been pointed out by various scientists that in inoculation experiments, not only in Ascochyta spp., it is much easier to infect hosts which belong to the same genus or family as the source of the inoculum. These inoculation experiments were always successful; pycnidia usually developed on infected host plants, but not on material with conspicuous symptoms placed in moist chambers. It can be supposed that, during its evolution, Ascochyta spp. adopted their parasitism to certain host plants with more or less similar biochemical features. Kaiser (1973) inoculated some legumes (Cicer arietinum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Ph. aureus, Vicia faba, Vigna sinensis, Lens esculenta, Pisum sativum) as well as some species of the Cucurbitaceae (Cucumis sativus), Chenopodiaceae (Chenopodium amaranthicolor), Amaranthaceae (Gomphrena globosa), and Solanaceae (Nicotiana glutinosa) by conidia from four isolates of Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

24 4. Criteria for the delimitation of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. A. rabiei (Pass.) Labr. isolated from Cicer arietinum, but only a few legumes were successfully infected, viz. Cicer arietinum, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Vigna sinensis. Specialisations are also evident in various other genera of the imperfect fungi. Vasil evskij & Karakulin (1937, 1950) described this phenomenon for many species of Ramularia, Ragnhildiana, Cercospora, Ovularia, Gloeosporium, Phleospora, Marssonina, Septogloeum, Entomosporium, Coryneum, Pestalotia, Kabatiella, and Cylindrosporium. Arx (1957) pointed out that parasitic imperfect fungi of the genera Microstoma and Kabatiella are found on hosts of different genera of a single family. Jørstad (1965, 1967) in his treatment of Septoria spp. from Norway compared various species of this genus described on hosts of a single family (sometimes even of a single genus) and placed them in a single species of Septoria, provided that they were morphologically indistinguishable. The specialisation within the limits of particular host genera as an additional criterion for the taxonomy of Septoria spp. was recommended by Teterevnikova- Babayan (1973). She emphasised that, with certain adaptations, this principle of classification may also be used together with morphological criteria for the taxonomy of other sphaeropsidaceous genera allied to Septoria. Van der Aa (1973), who carefully studied a large group of Phyllosticta spp., came to the conclusion that fungi of this genus were characterised by adaptations to single host species or host genera. We suppose that the specialisations of Ascochyta spp. are rather low and only limited by particular host plant families. Since formae speciales and physiological races are infraspecific categories which are not governed by the ICBN, these taxonomic units are not treated in the present monograph of Ascochyta that is confined to the level of species. Thus, we have used the similarity of morphological characteristics (shape, length, and width of conidia) and the adaptation to certain host families and host species as main criteria for the differentiation of species in Ascochyta. 24 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

25 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 5. Economic importance 5. Economic importance Fungi of the genus Ascochyta are facultative parasites that cause diseases of many cultivated plants and wild plants. A few species are known only from dead parts of their host plants. Nevertheless we consider these species to be parasites, since we suppose that they may occur on living plants as well. Host plant family Table 4. Total number of accepted Ascochyta species per host plant family. Ascochyta species Host plant family Ascochyta species Host plant family Ascochyta species Aceraceae 4 Euphorbiaceae 5 Polygalaceae 1 Actinidiaceae 1 Fagaceae 2 Polygonaceae 12 Alismataceae 2 Gentianaceae 2 Primulaceae 2 Amaranthaceae 1 Geraniaceae 1 Pteridaceae 1 Anacardiaceae 2 Gramineae 18 Ranunculaceae 8 Apocynaceae 3 Hippocastanaceae 1 Resedaceae 1 Araceae 5 Hydrocharitaceae 2 Rhamnaceae 3 Araliaceae 3 Hydrophyllaceae 2 Rosaceae 6 Aristolochiaceae 3 Iridaceae 2 Rubiaceae 4 Asclepiadaceae 1 Juglandaceae 2 Rutaceae 7 Balsaminaceae 1 Juncaceae 4 Salicaceae 4 Basellaceae 1 Labiatae 6 Santalaceae 1 Begoniaceae 1 Lardizabalaceae 1 Sapindaceae 1 Berberidaceae 3 Leguminosae 22 Sapotaceae 1 Betulaceae 2 Liliaceae 12 Saxifragaceae 2 Boraginaceae 1 Linaceae 1 Scrophulariaceae 6 Bryophyta 1 Loasaceae 1 Selaginellaceae 1 Burseraceae 1 Loganiaceae 1 Simaroubaceae 1 Buxaceae 1 Magnoliaceae 2 Solanaceae 7 Calycanthaceae 1 Malvaceae 3 Sparganiaceae 1 Campanulaceae 4 Menyanthaceae 1 Staphyleaceae 1 Caprifoliaceae 7 Moraceae 7 Tamaricaceae 1 Caricaceae 1 Myrtaceae 1 Theaceae 1 Caryophyllaceae 5 Nyctaginaceae 1 Thymelaeaceae 1 Celastraceae 2 Oleaceae 8 Tiliaceae 1 Chenopodiaceae 8 Onagraceae 3 Typhaceae 1 Compositae 10 Paeoniaceae 1 Ulmaceae 2 Convolvulaceae 3 Palmae 1 Umbelliferae 11 Crassulaceae 2 Papaveraceae 5 Urticaceae 3 Cruciferae 7 Pedaliaceae 1 Vacciniaceae 2 Cucurbitaceae 2 Pinaceae 1 Valerianaceae 2 Cyperaceae 5 Pittosporaceae 1 Verbenaceae 2 Dioscoreaceae 2 Plantaginaceae 1 Violaceae 3 Dipsacaceae 1 Plumbaginaceae 3 Zygophyllaceae 2 Equisetaceae 1 Polemoniaceae 2 Data on the distribution of Ascochyta species on host plants within various plant families are given in Table 4 above. The uneven distribution of Ascochyta species within host plant families is probably explained by differences in the amount of species of the families concerned. Some families including numerous useful plants (food, forage, medical, ornamental plants, etc.), attracted special attention, and were therefore frequently examined. The large number of Ascochyta species (eight or more) described on hosts belonging to Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

26 5. Economic importance V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. the Compositae, Gramineae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Oleaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Umbelliferae supports this statement. In the following Table 5, causal organisms of ascochytoses of field crops, vegetables, horticultural, industrial, medical, and ornamental herbs, shrubs, and trees are enumerated. When a fungus has been recorded on two or more host species of a single host genus, only the names of the genera concerned are cited. Table 5. Economically important Ascochyta species arranged by host plant family. Host plant family Causal organisms of economically important ascochytoses Aceraceae A. negundinis, A. pallida, A. tehonii, A. velata on species of Acer Actinidiaceae A. actinidiae on species of Actinidia Araliaceae A. marginata on Acanthopanax sessiliflora and Panax ginseng Aristolochiaceae A. aristolochiae, A. aristolochiicola, A. versicolor on species of Aristolochia Balsaminaceae A. impatientis on species of Balsaminum and Impatiens Begoniaceae A. begoniae on species of Begonia Berberidaceae A. australis, A. berberidis on species of Berberis Betulaceae A. coryli on Corylus avellana; A. alni on species of Alnus Buxaceae A. limbalis on Buxus sempervirens Campanulaceae A. adenophorae on Adenophora latifolia; A. bohemica, A. carpathica on species of Campanula Caprifoliaceae A. ferdinandi, A. symphoricarpophila, A. tenerrima, A. wisconsina on species of Lonicera, Sambucus, Symphoricarpus, Viburnum Caricaceae A. caricae-papayae on Carica papaya Caryophyllaceae A. silenes on species of Silene; A. stellariae on species of Stellaria and Dianthus Celastraceae A. evonymi, A. oudemansii on Evonymus europaeus Chenopodiaceae A. betae, A. chochryakovii on Beta vulgaris; A. boni-henrici, A. spinaciicola on Spinacia oleracea; A. haloxyli on species of Haloxylon Compositae A. chrysanthemi on species of Chrysanthemum; A. compositarum on species of Aster and Helianthus strumosus; A. doronici on species of Artemisia, Calendula, Centaurea, Cynara, Matricaria, Pyrethrum, Rudbeckia, Taraxacum, Zinnia and many other genera; A. tussilaginis on Chrysanthemum morifolium and Tussilago farfara Convolvulaceae A. convolvuli on species of Convolvulus, Ipomoea batatas; A. calystegiae on Ipomoea batatas Crassulaceae A. telephii on species of Sedum Cruciferae A. cheiranthi on species of Brassica, Cheiranthus, Crambe; A. matthiolae on Armoracia rusticana and Matthiola incana Cucurbitaceae A. cucumeris on many (perhaps all?) species Dioscoreaceae A. dioscoreae on Dioscorea sp. Euphorbiaceae A. heveae on Aleurites fordii and Hevea brasiliensis; A. heveana on Hevea brasiliensis; A. ricini on Ricinus communis Fagaceae A. fagi on Fagus orientalis; A. quercus on species of Quercus Geraniaceae A. geraniicola on Geranium sylvaticum Gramineae A. agrostidis, A. desmazieri, A. ducis-aprutii, A. ischaemi, A. maydis, A. melicae, A. phleina, A. sesleriae, A. sorghi, A. sorghina, A. zeicola, A. zeina on many host species of many genera Hippocastanaceae A. grandimaculans on Aesculus hippocastanum 26 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

27 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 5. Economic importance Host plant family Causal organisms of economically important ascochytoses Iridaceae Juglandaceae Labiatae Leguminosae Liliaceae Linaceae Magnoliaceae Malvaceae Moraceae Oleaceae Paeoniaceae Palmae Papaveraceae Pedaliaceae Pinaceae Plantaginaceae Polemoniaceae Polygonaceae Ranunculaceae Resedaceae Rhamnaceae Rosaceae Rubiaceae Rutaceae Salicaceae Santalaceae Saxifragaceae A. gladioli on species of Gladiolus A. juglandis Boltsh. on Juglans regia, J. manchurica, Pterocarya sorbifolia; A. caryae on Carya ovata A. betonicae on Betonica officinalis; A. lamiorum on Lallemantia iberica f. sulfurea, Ocimum basilicum and species of other genera; A. leonuri on species of Mentha A. boltshauseri on Lens esculenta, species of Onobrychis, Phaseolus, Trifolium, Vicia; A. caraganae on Caragana arborescens; A. cytisi on species of Cytisus and other genera; A. phaseolorum on many hosts of different genera; A. pinodes on species of Pisum; A. pisi on species of Pisum and other genera; A. rabiei on Cicer arietinum; A. sojae on Glycine max; A. viciae on species of Vicia and very numerous species of other genera; A. vignae on Vigna catjang A. allii, A. lobikii on species of Allium; A. juelii on Colchicum autumnalis; A. majalis on Convallaria majalis A. lini on Linum usitatissimum A. liriodendri on Liriodendron tulipifera; A. procenkoi Schizandra chinensis A. abelmoschi on species of Abelmoschus; A. malvicola on species of Alcea, Althaea, Gossypium, Hibiscus, Lavatera, Malva, Sida A. caricae, A. ficus on species of Ficus; A. humuliphila on Humulus lupulus; A. miyakei, A. moricola Morus alba A. forsythiae on species of Forsythia; A. fraxinicola, A. fraxinifolia, A. metulispora on species of Fraxinus; A. ligustri on Ligustrum vulgare; A. orientalis on Syringa vulgaris; A. syringae on Syringa vulgaris and species of Fraxinus A. paeoniae on species of Paeonia A. trachycarpi on Trachycarpus martianus A. glaucii on Glaucium officinalis; A. papaveris on Papaver nudicaulis A. sesami on Sesamum orientale A. laricina on Larix europaea A. plantaginicola on species of Plantago A. phlogis on species of Phlox; A. polemonii on species of Polemonium A. bresadolae on Fagopyrum esculentum and other species of this genus; A. rhei on Rheum officinalis and other species of this genus; A. foliicola on Rumex acetosella A. actaeae on Delphinium elatum; A. aquilegiae on Aquilegia and Delphinium; A. dolomitica, A. vitalbicola on species of Clematis A. resedae on Reseda odorata A. natsume on Zizyphus jujuba; A. paliuri on species of Rhamnus A. idaei on Prunus padus, Rubus idaeus, and species of Spiraea; A. spiraeae on species of Spiraea A. cinchonae on Cinchona sp.; A. coffeae, A. tarda on Coffea arabica A. bombycina on Limonia australis; A. cinerea, A. corticola, A. hesperidearum on species of Citrus A. salicicola, A. salicina, A. vitellinae on species of Salix; A. translucens on species of Salix and Populus A. santali on Santalum album A. bondarceviana on species of Grossularia and Ribes; A. philadelphi on species of Deutzia, Hydrangea, Ribes, Grossularia Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

28 5. Economic importance V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Host plant family Causal organisms of economically important ascochytoses Scrophulariaceae Solanaceae Tamaricaceae Theaceae Tiliaceae Umbelliferae Urticaceae Valerianaceae Verbenaceae Violaceae reclinata, Philadelphus A. euphrasiae on Antirrhinum majus and species of Digitalis A. daturae on Atropa, Datura, Lycium, Lycopersicum, Nicotiana, Physalis, Scopolia, Solanum and hosts of other genera; A. daturicola on Datura arborea; A. physalina on Physalis alkekengi; A. petuniae on species of Petunia and Solanum nigrum A. tamaricis on species of Tamarix A. theae on Thea sinensis A. corchori on Corchorus capsularis A. grovei on species of Heracleum A. boehmeriae on species of Boehmeria A. valerianae on species of Patrinia and Valeriana A. verbenae on Verbena officinalis A. violae, A. violae-hirtae, A. violicola on species of Viola This list is, however, not complete. The fungi attack many additional host species from additional host genera which are listed in the taxonomic part ( Descriptions of species ) under the names of the particular species. The harmfulness of the diseases caused by Ascochyta spp. is mainly connected with a reduction of the photosynthetic activity of attacked plants due to a loss of assimilating tissue by its dying caused by the fungal impact. Sometimes the root system is damaged which may cause a dying of the whole plant. Infections of fruits often cause reduced qualities of fruits and seeds. Many seeds remain immature and are diminished in size. Plants grown from such seeds have often a reduced viability and are often easily infected by pathogens. Ornamental plants are often disfigured; e. g., the market value of chrysanthemum is often strongly reduced. By the way, ray blight of chrysanthemum is an object of quarantine. Most economic losses have been caused by ascochytoses on hosts belonging to the Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Leguminosae, above all on host plants of the latter family. In the Russian literature, many publications on ascochytoses of legumes are found, mainly by Bondartseva-Monteverde & Vasil evskij (1937, 1940). Furthermore, they were studies in Latvia by Mikheeva (1968), in Moldavia by Balashova (1964), in the central regions of the chernozem zone of the European part of the USSR by Konstantinova (1965), in Armenia by Khachatryan (1963), in Azerbajdzhan by Garadagi (1967), in Uzbekistan by Musaev (1967), etc. Some other papers have been published by Stone (1912), Gonz. Fragoso (1919), Jones (1927), Linford & Sprague (1927), Rosella (1929), Sprague (1929), Ratschlag (1930), Beaumount (1950), Brewer & McNeill (1953), Skolko & al. (1954), Bertini (1955), Brewer (1960), Ondřej (1968, 1971a, b), etc. In the papers cited, detailed treatments of the taxonomy of the pathogens, their biology, physiology, the pathogenicity of different strains, etc., have been published. Some of these papers deal with the control of ascochytoses. Ascochytoses of cucurbits are economically significant. In the literature of the USSR, there are many papers on these diseases, e. g., Kirimelashvili (1954, 1956), Demidova (1965), Oganova (1965), Korshunova & Deeva (1966), Uspenskaya & al. (1967), Tupenevich & Shapiro (1968), Listopadova & Uspenskaya (1970a, b; 1971), Elbakyan & Shekunova (1972), Uspenskaya & Mel nik (1973). Many papers refer to ascochytoses (above all cucumber) in greenhouses which usually suffer strongly under these diseases. Chiu & Walker (1949a, b) reviewed the results of previous authors (Grossenbacher, 1909; Massee, 1900; Potebnia, 1910b; Weber, 1929; Walker & Weber, 1931; Wiant, 1945) and added their own data. The publications of Chiu & Walker may be considered as classical studies of the biology, physiology, and pathogenicity of these diseases. A later study was published by Schenck (1968). Ascochytoses are also very harmful to plants of the Solanaceae, but these diseases are only insufficiently examined. A well-known work was published by Liesau (1933). Recently a paper on the acochytosis of 28 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

29 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 5. Economic importance tomatoes in Poland has been published by Truszkowska (1967). In the literature of the USSR, publications on these diseases are almost absent. Several papers on ascochytoses of ornamental plants are known. A series of publications deals with A. chrysanthemi F. Stevens on chrysanthemum (Baker & al., 1949, 1961; Sauthoff, 1963; Zacha, 1968). Ascochytoses of Campanula spp. were examined by Sauthoff (1962) and those of Campanula and Delphinium by Mel nik (1973). Ascochytoses of fruit trees have so far been insufficiently studied. The only available information can be found in Gikashvili (1947) on the ascochytosis of citrus in Georgia and papers on this disease published by Brien (1931) and Fawcett (1936). Ascochytoses of medical plants require much more attention since they cause considerable losses of plant resources in the pharmaceutical industry. There are only a few publications of Ablakatova (1960, 1961), Ablakatova & Koval (1961), Enkina (1970, 1971), Kandinskaya (1971), Stepanova (1971), etc. Data on ascochytoses of industrial crops are almost lacking. In spite of the absence of modern surveys of ascochytoses of several groups of plants (food, forage, medical crops, etc.), there is no doubt that economic losses are very important. Some of these diseases have a worldwide distribution, e. g., the ascochytosis of peas (Anonymous, 1965) or cucurbits (Anonymous, 1970). Various other circumglobal diseases are similarly widespread and cause ascochytoses of many important crops. For the control of these diseases fungicides have been applied, albeit with limited success. It is likely that selections of resistant races could be more successful. There are already some successful breeding projects dealing with resistant legumes (peas, beans, lucerne, sainfoin, chicken peas, etc.) and cucurbits (mainly cucumber). Some remarks about Ascochyta spp. as producers of biologically active substances are necessary. For a long time, Ascochyta spp. have not been examined with regard to their biochemical activities. Within the previous two to three decades some papers have, however, been published. Uspenskaya & Murav yeva (1969) published very interesting results dealing with amino acid compositions of many phytopathogenic fungi of different taxonomic groups. Furthermore, data on biologically active substances in Ascochyta spp. are very interesting. Almost 20 year ago, Bertini (1955) found in cultural liquids of A. pisi some substances which were toxic to microbial organisms, viz. bacteria, asporogenous and sporogenous yeast. Bertini (1956), Oku & Naganishi (1963, 1966, 1967), Verona & Treggi (1966), Nakanishi & Oku (1969), and Verona (1970) found similar substances in various other Ascochyta spp., e. g., in fungi which were identified as A. pinodes L. K. Jones and A. fabae Speg. An extracted antibiotic substance was called ascochitin; the following empirical structural formula was given: C 15 H 16 O 5. Ascochitin suppressed the development of the phytopathogenic fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cavara and Cochliobolus miyabeanus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler. Data of antifungal activities of Ascochyta spp. published by Blunt & Baker (1968) are very interesting. These authors extracted several fungi, including two species of Ascochyta (taxonomic identity unclear), from cultivated and forest soils in Hawaii and found antifungal substances which were active against several human mycoses, viz. Candida albicans (C. P. Robin) Berk., Sporotrichum schenkii Matr., and Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. According to Schadler & Bateman (1974), Japanese scientists observed that A. viciae produced two other antibiotics, viz. ascochlorine and ascofuranone. Many additional producers of biologically active substances could undoubtedly be found in a comprehensive study of Ascochyta species. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

30 6. Table for the identification of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 6. Table for the identification of species 1. Conidia with a single consistently median septum, some conidia occasionally with two or three septa... Subgenus Ascochyta (p. 30) 2. Conidia with a single septum of variable position, ranging from median to somewhat eccentric...subgenus Libertia (p. 32) 6.1 Subgenus Ascochyta Aristolochiaceae Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, (10) (25) 4-6 µm A. versicolor Bubák (p. 44) Caryophyllaceae Conidia cylindrical, sometimes subclavate, (20) (3.5) µm; microconidia bacilliform, one-celled, µm (Fig. 1, p. 45) A. githaginis Hollós (p. 44) Chenopodiaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A. Conidial width 3-4 µm a. Conidial length 9-21 µm A. chochrjakovii Melnik (p. 44) b. Conidial length µm A. atriplicis Died. (p. 44) B. Conidial width µm, length µm (Fig. 2, p. 45) A. haloxyli (Syd.) Jacz. (p. 45) 2. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal to cylindrical, µm A. spinaciicola Melnik (p. 45) Compositae Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal A (6.5) µm (Fig. 3, p. 46) A. chrysanthemi F. Stevens (p. 45) B µm A. siemaszkoi Melnik (p. 46) Convolvulaceae Conidia cylindrical, µm A. convolvuli Fautrey (p. 46) Cruciferae Conidia cylindrical, µm A. crambicola Melnik (p. 46) Cucurbitaceae Conidia cylindrical, some subclavate or oblong-ellipsoidal, (8) (24) (5) µm (Fig. 4, p. 48) A. cucumeris Fautrey & Roum. (p. 47) Cyperaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and cylindrical, (20) 4.5 µm A. kurdistanica Bubák (p. 47) Equisetaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, oval, (8) (2.5) 3-4 (4.5) µm (Fig. 5, p. 48) A. equiseti (Desm.) Grove (p. 47) Euphorbiaceae 1. Conidia ovate and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. ricini (Rodigin) Melnik (p. 48) 2. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and subfusiform, µm (Fig. 6, p. 48) A. securinegae Enkina (p. 48) 30 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

31 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 6. Table for the identification of species Juncaceae Conidia oblong-fusiform, µm A. junci (Oudem.) Melnik (p. 48) Labiatae Conidia cylindrical A. (9) (7) µm (Fig. 7, p. 49) A. lagochili Byzova (p. 49) B µm A. elephas Bubák & Kabát (p. 48) Leguminosae 1. Conidia cylindrical A µm (Fig. 10, p. 51) A. viciae-villosae Ondřej (p. 51) B µm A. sphaerophysae Barbarin (p. 50) 2. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal A. (12) (25) (3.5) 4-6 (7) µm (Fig. 8, p. 49) A. boltshauseri Sacc. (p. 49) B µm A. pinodes L. K. Jones (p. 50) 3. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, subclavate, ovate, (5) µm (Fig. 9, p. 51) A. pisi Lib. (p. 50) 4. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. spraguei Melnik (p. 50) 5. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and broadly fusiform, µm A. vignae M. I. Nikol. (p. 51) Liliaceae Conidia cylindrical, (30) 4-6 µm A. majalis C. Massal. (p. 51) Malvaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. abutilonica Massenot (p. 52) Moraceae Conidia ellipsoidal, cylindrical and subclavate, 7-12 (15) 3-5 µm A. caricae Rabenh. (p. 52) Paeoniaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and cylindrical, µm A. paeoniae Bond.-Mont. (p. 52) Plumbaginaceae Conidia cylindrical, µm A. plumbaginis Sacc. (p. 52) Polemoniaceae Conidia cylindrical, (6.6) (20) (5) µm (Fig. 11, p. 53) A. polemonii Cavara (p. 52) Polygonaceae Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and subclavate A (20) µm A. rhei Ellis & Everh. (p. 53) B (22) 3-6 µm (Fig. 12, p. 53) A. bresadolae Sacc. & Syd. (p. 53) C. (15) (36) (6) (15.5) µm A. rumicicola Vasyag. (p. 53) Ranunculaceae Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal A (3) 4-6 µm A. aquilegiae (Rabenh.) Höhn. (p. 54) B µm A. actaeae (Bres.) Davis (p. 54) Saxifragaceae Conidia cylindrical and ellipsoidal, µm A. bondarceviana Melnik (p. 54) Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

32 6. Table for the identification of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Selaginellaceae Conidia narrowly ellipsoidal to subfusiform and subcylindrical, µm A. selaginellae M. L. Farr (p. 55) Solanaceae Conidia cylindrical, (14) µm (Fig. 13, p. 55) A. physalina Sacc. (p. 55) Sparganiaceae Conidia fusiform and broadly fusiform, µm A. quadriguttulata Kabát & Bubák (p. 55) Typhaceae Conidia fusiform, (12) µm A. typhoidearum (Desm.) Höhn. (p. 56) Umbelliferae 1. Conidia cylindrical, some subclavate, (9) (24) 4-5 (6.6) µm A. grovei Pisareva (p. 56) 2. Conidia cylindrical, (30) 6-7 (8) µm A. levistici (Lebedeva) Melnik (p. 56) Urticaceae Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and ovate, µm A. boehmeriae Woron. (p. 56) 6.2 Subgenus Libertia Aceraceae 1. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal A (4) µm A. pallida Kabát & Bubák (p. 57) B. (7.3) (14.6) (4) µm A. tehonii Melnik (p. 57) 2. Conidia ellipsoidal and oblong-ellipsoidal, (10) µm A. negundinis Bres. (p. 57) 3. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and oval, sometimes subcylindrical, µm (Fig. 14, p. 59) A. velata Kabát & Bubák (p. 57) Actinidiaceae Conidia cylindrical, some subclavate, 7-10 (12) 3-4 µm A. actinidiae Tobisch (p. 58) Alismataceae 1. Conidia obovate, ellipsoidal and clavate, (5) µm A. boydii Grove (p. 58) 2. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. ignobilis Oudem. (p. 58) Amaranthaceae Conidia cylindrical and subclavate, sometimes ellipsoidal, µm A. celosiae (Thüm.) Petr. (p. 58) Anacardiaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. mangiferae Bat. (p. 59) 2. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. comocladiae Gonz. Frag. & Cif. (p. 58) Apocynaceae 1. Conidia narrowly fusiform, µm A. vincae (Thüm.) Grove (p. 59) 2. Conidia ellipsoidal and oval, µm A. plumeriae Henn. (p. 59) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal and oblong-oval, µm A. alstoniae Henn. (p. 59) 32 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

33 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 6. Table for the identification of species Araceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal and subclavate, µm A. pellucida Bubák (p. 60) 2. Conidia fusiform A µm A. philodendri Bat. (p. 60) B µm A. arigena Bubák (p. 60) 3. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, fusiform and obclavate, µm A. minima (P. Karst. & Har.) Arx (p. 60) 4. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and cylindrical, µm (Fig. 15, p. 59) A. acori Oudem. (p. 59) Araliaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. stilbocarpae Syd. (p. 61) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, 6-12 (2) 3-4 µm (Fig. 16, p. 63) A. marginata Davis (p. 61) 3. Conidia ovate, µm A. ambrosiana Unamuno (p. 60) Aristolochiaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. aristolochiicola Hollós (p. 61) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, (4) µm (Fig. 17, p. 63) A. aristolochiae Sacc. (p. 61) Asclepiadaceae Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, 6-12 (2.5) 3-4 µm A. asclepiadearum Traverso (p. 61) Balsaminaceae Conidia cylindrical, (6) µm A. impatientis Bres. (p. 62) Basellaceae Conidia cylindrical, some subclavate or oblong-ellipsoidal, (6) µm A. basellae Henn. (p. 62) Begoniaceae Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. begoniae (Tassi) Voglino (p. 62) Berberidaceae 1. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. australis Speg. (p. 62) 2. Conidia oval and pyriform, µm (Fig. 18, p. 63) A. berberidis Rădul., Negru & Docea (p. 63) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal, oblong-ellipsoidal, ovate, pyriform, some cylindrical, µm A. achlyicola Ellis & Everh. (p. 62) Betulaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, ellipsoidal and cylindrical (2.5) 3-4 µm A. alni Siemaszko (p. 63) µm A. coryli Sacc. & Speg. (p. 63) Boraginaceae Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, some subclavate, 7-12 (14) µm A. boraginis I. E. Brezhnev (p. 63) Burseraceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 19, p. 64) A. commiphorae T. S. Ramakr. & Sundaram (p. 64) Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

34 6. Table for the identification of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Bryophyta Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 20, p. 64) A. bryophyla (Racov.) Melnik (p. 64) Buxaceae Conidia cylindrical, 15 2 µm A. limbalis Sacc. (p. 64) Calycanthaceae Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. calycanthi Sacc. & Speg. (p. 65) Campanulaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A µm (Fig. 21, p. 65) A. adenophorae Melnik (p. 65) B µm A. codonopsis Schvartsman (p. 66) C µm (Fig. 22, p. 65) A. bohemica Kabát & Bubák (p. 65) 2. Conidia cylindrical and ellipsoidal, µm A. carpathica (Allesch. & Syd.) Grove (p. 66) Caprifoliaceae 1. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. symphoricarpophila Fairm. (p. 66) 2. Conidia fusiform and lanceolate, µm A. lantanae Sacc. (p. 66) 3. Conidia fusiform, µm A. tatarica Allesch. (p. 67) 4. Conidia oblong-ovate, µm A. symphoriae Briard & Har. (p. 66) 5. Conidia cylindrical A µm A. wisconsina Davis (p. 67) B µm A. ferdinandi Bubák & Malkoff (p. 66) 6. Conidia cylindrical, some subclavate and oblong-ellipsoidal, 6-13 (14) (4.5) µm (Fig. 23, p. 68) A. tenerrima Sacc. & Roum. (p. 67) Caricaceae Conidia ellipsoidal and ovate, µm A. caricae-papayae Tarr (p. 67) Caryophyllaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A. 6-8 (9) (2.2) µm (Fig. 24, p. 68) A. alpina Rostr. (p. 68) B µm A. silenes Ellis & Everh. (p. 68) C µm A. viscariae Henn. (p. 68) 2. Conidia broadly fusiform, µm (Fig. 25, p. 68) A. stellariae Fautrey (p. 68) Celastraceae 1. Conidia lanceolate, µm A. evonymi Pass. (p. 69) 2. Conidia cylindrical, µm, or ellipsoidal and obovate, µm A. oudemansii Sacc. & Syd. (p. 69) Chenopodiaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. salicorniae-patulae (Trotter) Melnik (p. 69) 2. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal A (13.5) 2-4 µm A. boni-henrici Ranoj. (p. 70) B µm A. chenopodiicola Pisareva (p. 69) 3. Conidia fusiform, µm (Fig. 26, p. 70) A. betae Prill. & Delacr. (p. 69) Compositae 1. Conidia cylindrical A. (6) µm A. greenei Melnik (p. 71) 34 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

35 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 6. Table for the identification of species B µm (Fig. 27, p. 70) A. compositarum Davis (p. 70) C µm A. schelliana Thüm. (p. 72) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal and subclavate A. (6) 7-12 (13) 2-4 µm (Fig. 28, p. 72) A. doronici Allesch. (p. 70) B (18) 3-4 (4.5) µm A. tussilaginis Oudem. (p. 73) 3. Conidia cylindrical, cylindrical-fusiform, some subellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 29, p. 72) A. ligulariae Kalymb. (p. 72) 4. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. lorentzii Speg. (p. 72) 5. Conidia ellipsoidal, oblong-ellipsoidal, ovate, rarely subcylindrical, (6) 8-10 (2) 3-4 (5) µm (Fig. 30, p. 76) A. sonchi (Sacc.) Grove (p. 72) Convolvulaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. kleinii Bubák (p. 73) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal and suboval, µm A. calystegiae Sacc. (p. 73) Crassulaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. cotyledonis H. Zimm. (p. 73) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some subfusiform, (7) (5) µm (Fig. 31, p. 76) A. telephii Vestergr. (p. 74) Cruciferae 1. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and ellipsoidal A. Conidial width (5) µm a. Conidial length (15) µm A. pachyphragmae Lobik (p. 75) b. Conidial length (16) µm A. lepidii Hollós (p. 75) c. Conidial length (21) µm A. matthiolae Oudem. (p. 75) B. Conidial width 2.5-4, conidia length (6) 7-12 µm A. cheiranthi Bres. (p. 74) 2. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or subfusiform A (15) µm A. dentariae I. E. Brezhnev (p. 74) B µm A. cakiles H. Ruppr. (p. 74) Cucurbitaceae Conidia cylindrical, µm A. elaterii Sacc. (p. 75) Cyperaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical and narrowly fusiform A. (9.7) (2.5) µm (Fig. 32, p. 76) A. caricicola Melnik (p. 75) B µm (Fig. 33, p. 77) A. caricina Melnik (p. 76) 2. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. decipiens Trail (p. 76) 3. Conidia fusiform, µm A. socialis Sacc. (p. 76) Dioscoreaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal A µm A. tami Hollós (p. 76) B µm A. dioscoreae Syd. (p. 76) Dipsacaceae Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, some subclavate, 6-10 (12) µm A. dipsaci Bubák (p. 77) Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

36 6. Table for the identification of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Euphorbiaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, (3) µm (Fig. 34, p. 77) A. heveae Petch (p. 77) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal and subclavate, µm A. mercurialis Bres. (p. 78) 3. Conidia cylindrical, oval-cylindrical and oval, µm (Fig. 35, p. 78) A. heveana Saccas (p. 77) Fagaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 37, p. 80) A. quercus Sacc. & Speg. (p. 78) 2. Conidia broadly fusiform, (13) µm (Fig. 36, p. 78) A. fagi Woron. (p. 78) Gentianaceae 1. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. chlorae Sacc. & Speg. (p. 78) 2. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, (26) 3-5 µm A. fraserae Ellis & Everh. (p. 79) Geraniaceae Conidia cylindrical, µm A. geraniicola Siemaszko (p. 79) Gramineae 1. Conidia cylindrical A (18) µm A. phleina R. Sprague (p. 82) B µm (Fig. 39, p. 81) A. desmazieri Cavara (p. 80) C. (24) (11.5) µm (Fig. 40, p. 81) A. ducis-aprutii Mattir. (p. 81) 2. Conidia cylindrical and subellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 38, p. 80) A. calamagrostidis Brunaud (p. 80) 3. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and fusiform A µm (Fig. 42, p. 82) A. melicae (Died.) Melnik (p. 82) B (50) 8-10 (14) µm A. sesleriae C. Massal. (p. 82) 4. Conidia cylindrical, clavate, oval, ovate, oblong-ellipsoidal, (9) µm (Fig. 43, p. 84) A. sorghina Sacc. (p. 83) 5. Conidia broadly fusiform, µm A. brachypodii (Syd.) R. Sprague & Aar. G. Johnson (p. 80) 6. Conidia oval and oblong-oval, µm A. tragi Cruchet (p. 83) 7. Conidia fusiform, µm A. agrostidis Polozova (p. 79) 8. Conidia ovate, µm A. bambusicola Cif. & Gonz. Frag. (p. 79) 9. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. cynodontis Unamuno (p. 80) 10. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or subcylindric A (24) 6-8 µm A. antarctica Henn. (p. 79) B µm A. zeina Sacc. (p. 84) 11. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and fusiform A. Conidial width 2-3 µm a. Conidial length 6-10 µm A. zeicola Ellis & Everh. (p. 83) b. Conidial length µm A. sorghi Sacc. (p. 83) B. Conidial width 3-4 µm a. Conidial length (16) µm A. ischaemi Sacc. (p. 81) b. Conidial length µm (Fig. 41, p. 82) A. maydis G. L. Stout (p. 82) Hippocastanaceae Conidia cylindrical, some ellipsoidal, µm A. grandimaculans Kabát & Bubák (p. 84) 36 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

37 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 6. Table for the identification of species Hydrocharitaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, (15) 3-4 µm A. kirulisii H. Ruppr. (p. 84) 2. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 44, p. 84) A. akselae Melnik (p. 84) Hydrophyllaceae Conidia cylindrical A µm (Fig. 45, p. 85) A. hydrophylli R. Sprague & F. D. Bailey (p. 85) B µm A. hydrophylli-virginiani H. C. Greene (p. 85) Juglandaceae Conidia cylindrical A. (6.5) (10) (2.8) 3-4 (4.5) µm (Fig. 46, p. 85) A. caryae H. C. Greene (p. 85) B (3) 4-5 µm A. juglandis Boltsh. (p. 85) Juncaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A (18) µm A. teretiuscula Sacc. & Roum. (p. 86) B µm A. paucisporula R. Sprague (p. 86) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some subellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 47, p. 86) A. luzulicola R. Sprague (p. 85) Iridaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. gladioli Traverso & Spessa (p. 86) 2. Conidia fusiform and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 48, p. 86) A. iridis Oudem. (p. 86) Labiatae 1. Conidia cylindrical, 8-15 (17) (2.5) (5) µm (Fig. 49, p. 89) A. leonuri Ellis & Dearn. (p. 87) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal and subclavate, (6) 7-12 (2.5) 3-4 µm A. lamiorum Sacc. (p. 87) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. melissae É. J. Marchal & Sternon (p. 88) 4. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, (5) µm A. betonicae Siemaszko (p. 87) Lardizabalaceae Conidia cylindrical, µm A. akebiae Syd. (p. 88) Leguminosae 1. Conidia cylindrical A µm A. lathyri Trail (p. 90) B µm (Fig. 50, p. 89) A. caraganae (Vestergr.) Melnik (p. 88) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal A µm (Fig. 52, p. 91) A. phaseolorum Sacc. (p. 90) B (18) µm A. goebeliae Byzova & Pisareva (p. 90) C (3) 4-5 µm A. coluteae Lambotte & Fautrey (p. 88) D µm (Fig. 53, p. 91) A. viciae Lib. (p. 91) 3. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and subclavate, (6) µm (Fig. 51, p. 89) A. cytisi Lib. (p. 89) 4. Conidia cylindrical, broadly ellipsoidal, ovate and oval, 8-15 (18) 4-6 µm A. rabiei (Pass.) Labr. (p. 91) 5. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or subcylindrical, µm A. emeri Sacc. (p. 89) 6. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or subfusiform A µm A. oxytropidis J. Schröt. (p. 90) Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

38 6. Table for the identification of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. B µm A. sojae Miura (p. 91) 7. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and ovate, µm A. cassiae Henn. (p. 88) 8. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. robiniae Sacc. & Speg. (p. 91) 9. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. woronowiana Siemaszko (p. 92) 10. Conidia fusiform, µm A. trifolii-alpestris Dominik (p. 91) Liliaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A µm A. londonensis Bubák & Dearn. (p. 93) B µm (Fig. 55, p. 94) A. tulipae Byzova (p. 94) 2. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. hortensis Kabát & Bubák (p. 93) 3. Conidia cylindrical and fusiform, µm A. fuscopapillata Bubák & Dearn. (p. 93) 4. Conidia cylindrical and subclavate, µm (Fig. 56, p. 95) A. veratri Cavara (p. 94) 5. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. allii Hollós (p. 92) 6. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and subfusiform, µm A. aphyllanthis Henn. (p. 92) 7. Conidia ellipsoidal and oval, µm A. herreana Henn. & Staritz (p. 93) 8. Conidia ellipsoidal, some cylindrical, µm A. juelii Bubák (p. 93) 9. Conidia broadly fusiform, (16) µm (Fig. 54, p. 94) A. lobikii Melnik (p. 93) 10. Conidia oblong-fusiform, µm A. erythronii Sacc. & Speg. (p. 92) Linaceae Conidia clavate, some ovate, oblong-ellipsoidal and cylindrical, 7-12 (15) µm A. lini Rostr. (p. 94) Loasaceae Conidia ellipsoidal, µm A. cajophorae Henn. (p. 94) Loganiaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. davidii Tasl. (p. 95) Magnoliaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm (Fig. 57, p. 95) A. procenkoi Melnik (p. 95) 2. Conidia fusiform, µm A. liriodendri Woron. (p. 95) Malvaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. abelmoschi Harter (p. 95) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal or subclavate, (5) 7-10 (13) 2-4 µm A. malvicola Sacc. (p. 96) Menyanthaceae Conidia cylindrical, (2) µm A. menyanthicola Melnik (p. 96) Moraceae 1. Conidia fusiform, 10 3 µm A. moricola Berl. (p. 97) 2. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. ficus Traverso & Spessa (p. 97) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal and cylindrical, µm A. miyakei Tanaka (p. 97) 4. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and ovate A µm A. prasadii D. D. Shukla & V. N. Pathak (p. 98) B µm A. humuliphila Melnik (p. 97) 5. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, (6.5) µm A. mori Maire (p. 97) 38 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

39 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 6. Table for the identification of species Myrtaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. myrticola Maire & Sacc. (p. 98) Nyctaginaceae Conidia cylindrical, some subclavate or oval, µm (Fig. 58, p. 99) A. oxybaphi Trel. (p. 98) Oleaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm (Fig. 61, p. 100) A. orientalis Bondartsev (p. 99) 2. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal A µm (Fig. 60, p. 99) A. metulispora Berk. & Broome (p. 99) B µm (Fig. 59, p. 99) A. forsythiae (Sacc.) Höhn. (p. 98) C µm A. syringae Bres. (p. 100) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal, fusiform and ovate A (1.5) 2-3 µm A. ligustri Sacc. & Speg. (p. 99) B µm A. fraxinicola Brunaud (p. 98) 4. Conidia ellipsoidal, some oblong-ellipsoidal and oval, µm A. fraxinifolia Siemaszko (p. 99) 5. Conidia ovate-fusiform, µm A. orni Sacc. & Speg. (p. 100) Onagraceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A (3.8) µm A. epilobii Oudem. (p. 100) B µm (Fig. 63, p. 101) A. godetiae Riedl (p. 101) 2. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and subclavate, µm (Fig. 62, p. 101) A. circaeae Bubák & Picb. (p. 100) Palmae Conidia cylindrical, oval and oblong-ellipsoidal, (3.5) µm (Fig. 64, p. 102) A. trachycarpi Melnik (p. 101) Papaveraceae 1. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal A (17) µm (Fig. 67, p. 103) A. glaucii (Cooke & Massee) Died. (p. 102) B µm (Fig. 66, p. 103) A. dicentrae Oudem. (p. 102) C µm A. fumariae Hollós (p. 102) 2. Conidia broadly fusiform or subellipsoidal, µm A. papaveris Oudem. (p. 102) 3. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and subcylindrical, µm (Fig. 65, p. 102) A. chelidoniicola Melnik (p. 101) Pedaliaceae Conidia fusiform, 10 3 µm A. sesami Miura (p. 103) Pinaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. laricina Voglino (p. 103) Pittosporaceae Conidia cylindrical and fusiform, µm A. tobirae Hara (p. 103) Plantaginaceae Conidia cylindrical and subellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 68, p. 103) A. plantaginicola Melnik (p. 103) Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

40 6. Table for the identification of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Plumbaginaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, (19) µm A. tenerifensis Jørst. (p. 104) 2. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and ovate, µm A. plumbaginicola Henn. (p. 104) Polemoniaceae Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, (6) µm (Fig. 69, p. 105) A. phlogis Voglino (p. 104) Polygalaceae Conidia lanceolate, both ends rounded, µm A. oxyspora Tassi (p. 104) Polygonaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A (14) µm A. atraphaxidis (Kravtzev) Melnik (p. 104) B (20) (4) µm A. polygoni-setosi (Bubák) Melnik (p. 105) 2. Conidia ellipsoidal A µm A. rheicola Sawada (p. 106) B (15) µm (Fig. 71, p. 106) A. marssonia (Siemaszko) Melnik (p. 105) 3. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, (4.5) µm A. volubilis Sacc. & Malbr. (p. 106) 4. Conidia ellipsoidal A µm A. fagopyri Thüm. & Bolle (p. 105) B µm A. reynoutriae Sawada (p. 106) 5. Conidia fusiform, µm A. foliicola (Gonz. Frag.) Melnik (p. 105) 6. Conidia naviculate-fusiform, µm (Fig. 70, p. 105) A. biguttulata E. Y. Daniels (p. 105) Primulaceae Conidia cylindrical A µm A. primulae Trail (p. 107) B (18) (3.5) 4-6 µm (Fig. 72, p. 106) A. georgica Melnik (p. 107) Pteridaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, some subclavate, (30) 4-6 µm (Fig. 73, p. 108) A. necans (Ellis & Everh.) Davis (p. 107) Ranunculaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A (16) µm (Fig. 75, p. 108) A. infuscans Ellis & Everh. (p. 108) B. (10) (22) 3-5 µm (Fig. 74, p. 108) A. dolomitica Kabát & Bubák (p. 108) C µm A. vitalbicola Maire (p. 109) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, (6.5) µm A. patogonica Speg. (p. 108) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal, ovate and cylindrical, (18) µm A. aconitana Melnik (p. 107) 4. Conidia ellipsoidal and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 76, p. 109) A. savulescui Rădul. & Negru (p. 108) Resedaceae Conidia cylindrical, µm (Fig. 77, p. 110) A. resedae Bond.-Mont. (p. 109) Rhamnaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. paliuri Sacc. (p. 110) 2. Conidia cylindrical and ellipsoidal, µm A. hoveniae Sawada (p. 109) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal-ovate, µm A. natsume Hara (p. 109) 40 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

41 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 6. Table for the identification of species Rosaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A (11) (4.5) µm (Fig. 79, p. 111) A. spiraeae Kabát & Bubák (p. 111) B µm A. crystallina McAlpine (p. 110) 2. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal A µm A. potentillarum Sacc. (p. 111) B (14) µm (Fig. 78, p. 110) A. idaei Oudem. (p. 110) 3. Conidia fusiform A µm A. rubi Sacc. (p. 111) B µm A. cruris-galli Brunaud (p. 110) Rubiaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. tarda R. B. Stewart (p. 112) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some clavate, µm A. cinchonae Melnik (p. 111) 3. Conidia cylindrical, some oval or ovate, µm (Fig. 81, p. 112) A. phyllidis Jørst. (p. 112) 4. Conidia ellipsoidal and oval, µm (Fig. 80, p. 111) A. coffeae Henn. (p. 111) Rutaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A µm A. phellodendri Kabát & Bubák (p. 113) B µm A. bombycina Penz. & Sacc. (p. 112) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, 7-12 (14) (4.5) µm (Fig. 84, p. 113) A. nobilis Kabát & Bubák (p. 113) 3. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 82, p. 112) A. cinerea McAlpine (p. 112) 4. Conidia ellipsoidal, 7-9 (12) 2-3 µm (Fig. 83, p. 113) A. corticola McAlpine (p. 113) 5. Conidia oblong-fusiform A µm A. skimmiae S. Ahmad (p. 113) B µm A. hesperidearum Penz. (p. 113) Salicaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. salicina Sacc., E. Bommer & M. Rousseau (p. 114) 2. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, subcylindrical or almost fusiform, µm A. translucens Kabát & Bubák (p. 114) 3. Conidia fusiform, µm A. vitellinae Pass. (p. 114) 4. Conidia lanceolate, µm A. salicicola Pass. (p. 114) Santalaceae Conidia cylindrical, ovate, ellipsoidal, (6) µm (Fig. 85, p. 115) A. santali Thirum. & Naras. (p. 114) Sapindaceae Conidia cylindrical, µm A. heterodendri Hansf. (p. 114) Sapotaceae Conidia cylindrical, µm (Fig. 86, p. 115) A. guaranitica Speg. (p. 115) Saxifragaceae Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal or subclavate, 6-11 (13) (4) µm A. philadelphi Sacc. & Speg. (p. 115) Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

42 6. Table for the identification of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Scrophulariaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A µm (Fig. 90, p. 117) A. verbascina Thüm. (p. 117) B (13.5) 3-4 µm A. euphrasiae Oudem. (p. 115) C µm (Fig. 87, p. 116) A. garretiana Syd. & P. Syd. (p. 116) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, (10) (26) (2.7) (6) µm (Fig. 88, p. 116) A. pedicularis (Rostr.) Arx (p. 116) 3. Conidia oblong-ovate or subcylindrical, µm (Fig. 89, p. 117) A. verbasci Sacc. & Speg. (p. 116) 4. Conidia fusiform, µm A. veronicae Rostr. (p. 117) Simaroubaceae Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, 7-12 (13.5) µm A. ailanthi Boud. & Fautrey (p. 117) Solanaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical A µm A. cyphomandrae Petch (p. 118) B µm A. daturicola Bres. (p. 118) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal and subclavate, (4.5) µm (Fig. 91, p. 119) A. daturae Sacc. (p. 118) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal or subcylindrical, µm A. melongenae Padman. (p. 118) 4. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, oblong-ovate, some cylindrical, µm A. petuniae Speg. (p. 119) 5. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. grabowskiae Tassi (p. 118) Staphyleaceae Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal and cylindrical, (4) µm (Fig. 92, p. 119) A. staphyleae Syd. (p. 119) Tamaricaceae Conidia cylindrical, some ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 93, p. 120) A. tamaricis Golovin (p. 119) Theaceae Conidia ellipsoidal, cylindrical and subovate, µm A. theae Hara (p. 119) Thymelaeaceae Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 94, p. 120) A. daphnes Höhn. (p. 120) Tiliaceae Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and ovate, µm A. corchori Hara (p. 120) Ulmaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical and subclavate, (9) (17) 4-5 µm (Fig. 95, p. 122) A. celtidis Hollós (p. 120) 2. Conidia cylindrical, ellipsoidal, some ovate, (6) (2.5) µm A. hemipteleae Melnik (p. 120) 42 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

43 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 6. Table for the identification of species Umbelliferae 1. Conidia cylindrical A µm A. libanotidis Lebedeva (p. 121) B µm A. biforae Bond.-Mont. (p. 121) C µm A. chaerophylli Bres. (p. 121) D µm A. ludwigii H. Ruppr. (p. 121) E µm A. lomatii W. B. Cooke (p. 121) F (32) 5-8 (10) µm (Fig. 96, p. 122) A. podagrariae Bres. (p. 122) G µm A. saniculae Davis (p. 122) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some subclavate, µm A. vindobonensis Petr. (p. 122) 3. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, oblong-ovate, some subcylindrical, µm A. phomoides Sacc. (p. 121) Urticaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. urticae A. L. Sm. & Ramsb. (p. 123) 2. Conidia oval, ovate, ellipsoidal, some oblong-ellipsoidal, (5) 6-8 (9) 2-3 µm A. parietariae Roum. & Fautrey (p. 123) Vacciniaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm A. myrtilli Oudem. (p. 123) 2. Conidia ellipsoidal and ovate, µm A. oxycocci Henn. (p. 123) Valerianaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm (Fig. 97, p. 124) A. erevanica Babayan & Simonyan (p. 123) 2. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, µm (Fig. 98, p. 124) A. valerianae A. L. Sm. & Ramsb. (p. 124) Verbenaceae 1. Conidia ellipsoidal, oblong-ellipsoidal, ovate, rarely cylindrical, µm A. nyctanthis Sahni (p. 124) 2. Conidia cylindrical, (4.5) µm A. verbenae Siemaszko (p. 124) Violaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical and oblong-ellipsoidal, 8-12 (13) µm A. violae-hirtae Bubák (p. 125) 2. Conidia fusiform, µm A. violae Sacc. & Speg. (p. 124) 3. Conidia ellipsoidal, some almost allantoid, µm A. violicola McAlpine (p. 125) Zygophyllaceae 1. Conidia cylindrical, µm, mostly 10 3 µm A. tribuli Bond.-Mont. (p. 125) 2. Conidia oval and oblong-ellipsoidal, µm A. pegani S. Ahmad (p. 125) Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

44 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 7.1 Subgenus Ascochyta Aristolochiaceae 1. Ascochyta versicolor Bubák, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 54, 1905: 182. Pycnidia epiphyllous, evenly scattered, sometimes 2-3 pycnidia aggregated, pale to dark brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly flexuous, slightly constricted, (10) (25) 4-6 µm. On living leaves of Aristolochia clematitis. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Romania; USSR Krasnodar Kraj, Voronezh Oblast ). According to Grishina (1970), in the Voronezh Oblast the fungus started to grow in the second half of June; infections appeared as small spots, and pycnidia were observed in the first part of July. In late July and August, the fungus reaches the maximum of its development and strongly affected the leaf blades. In early spring, Grishina found perithecia of Didymella on wintered stems, which were possibly the perfect state of A. versicolor. Caryophyllaceae 2. Ascochyta githaginis Hollós, Math. Természett. Közlem. 35, 1, 1926: 14 (holotype BP!). Fig. 1, p. 45. Pycnidia amphigenous, evenly scattered, sometimes somewhat aggregated, immersed, dark brown to almost black, lentiform or globose-depressed, centre often depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia dimorphic, cylindrical, sometimes slightly clavate, both ends rounded, sometimes one end somewhat acute, straight, sometimes slightly bent, 1-septate, sometimes 2-3-septate, somewhat constricted, (20) (3.5) µm; other conidia are cylindrical-bacilliform, continuous, µm. On living leaves of Agrostemma githago. Distribution: Europe (Hungary). Chenopodiaceae 3. Ascochyta atriplicis Died., Ann. Mycol. 2, 1904: 180 (holotype JE!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, sometimes in concentric rings, immersed, pale to dark brown, lentiform or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, 15 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, sometimes slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes somewhat flexuous, not or only slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Atriplex spp. and Chenopodium spp. Distribution: circumglobal. 4. Ascochyta chochrjakovii Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. Stagonosporopsis betae Khokhr., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 7, 1951: 146, non Ascochyta betae Prill. & Delacr., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 7, 1891: 24. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, pale brown, globose or globose-depressed, up to 160 µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or somewhat flexuous, not constricted, µm. On living leaves and seeds of Beta vulgaris. 44 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

45 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 1. Conidia of Ascochyta githaginis ( 1000). Fig. 2. Conidia of Ascochyta haloxyli ( 1000). Distribution: Europe (USSR Kirov Oblast ), Asia (USSR Primorskij Kraj). 5. Ascochyta haloxyli (Syd.) Jacz., Opredelitel gribov 2, 1917: 71. Stagonosporopsis haloxyli Syd., Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 26, 1913: 6. Fig. 2, p. 45. Pycnidia scattered or aggregated, slightly erumpent, brownish, globose-depressed, up to 200 (240) µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or flexuous, not or only slightly constricted, µm. On twigs of Haloxylon ammodendron, H. aphyllum, Haloxylon sp. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia, Kazakhstan). 6. Ascochyta spinaciicola Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 205. Stagonosporopsis spinaciae Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1968: 174 (holotype LE!), non A. spinaciae Bond.-Mont., Bolezni Rast. 12, 1923: 71. Pycnidia epiphyllous, evenly scattered, immersed, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia from oblong-ellipsoidal to cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or flexuous, constricted or not constricted, µm. On dried leaves of Spinacia oleracea. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia). Compositae 7. Ascochyta chrysanthemi F. Stevens, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 44, 1907: 246 (isotypi CUP! LGU!). A. alfrediae Vasyag., Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 283 (holotype AA!). Fig. 3, p. 46. Pycnidia on various parts of the host plant, on leaves epiphyllous, scattered, sometimes aggregated, immersed, from amber-yellow to brown or dark brown, globose-depressed, (270) µm diam., average 130 µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells, and papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, straight, sometimes slightly curved and narrowed to one end, not or only slightly constricted, (6) µm. On living leaves of Alfredia cernua, Chrysanthemum sp. Distribution: Europe (Germany; USSR Moldavia; UK), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan), N. America (USA). According to Baker & al. (1949), Mycosphaerella ligulicola K. F. Baker, Dimock & L. H. Davis [= Didymella ligulicola (K. F. Baker, Dimock & L. H. Davis) Arx] is the perfect state of this fungus. Symptoms of the chrysanthemum disease, caused by this fungus, are described in details by Baker & al. (1949, 1961), Sauthoff (1963), and Zacha (1968). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

46 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 3. Pycnidum and conidia of Ascochyta chrysanthemi (after Baker & al., 1961). 8. Ascochyta siemaszkoi Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 205. Stagonospora mulgedii Siemaszko, Izv. Kavkazsk. Muzeya 12, 1919: 5 (extr.) (holotype LE! received from Sukhumi Branch of VNIIChSK), non A. mulgedii Cejp & Zavřel, Zprávy Vlastiv. Ústavu v Olomouci 141, 1969: 13. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scanty, immersed, pale brown or ochraceous, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, constricted or not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Prenanthes cacaliifolia (= Mulgedium cacaliifolium). Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia). Convolvulaceae 9. Ascochyta convolvuli Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 17, 1895: 167 (isotype LEP!). Diplodina convolvuli (Fautrey) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt. Fl. 6, 1901: 683. A. bataticola Khokhr. & Dyur., Vrediteli i bolezni batat I, 1933: 226. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, black or dark brown, globose-depressed, up to 200 µm diam., with circular a pore up to 30 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes somewhat flexuous, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Convolvulus arvensis, Ipomoea batatas. Distribution: Europe (USSR; France). Cruciferae 10. Ascochyta crambicola Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1967: 271. A. crambes Byzova, Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. AN KazSSR 2, 1964: 90, non A. crambes Novos., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 4 (10-12), 1938: 39. Pycnidia epiphyllous, olivaceous brown, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, rarely slightly flexuous, µm. On leaves of Crambe kotschyana. Distribution: Asia (USSR Kazakhstan). 46 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

47 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Cucurbitaceae 11. Ascochyta cucumeris Fautrey & Roum., Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 13, 1891: 79 (isotypi K! LEP! NY!); Sacc., Syll. Fung. 10, 1892: 304, ut A. cucumis Fautrey & Roum. A. bryoniae Kabát & Bubák, Sitz. K. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 12, 1903: 3 (extr.). A. citrullina C. O. Sm., Delaware Coll. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 70, 1905: Diplodina citrullina (C. O. Sm.) Grossenb., New York Agric. Exp. Sta. Techn. Bull. 9, 1909: 226. A. melonis Potebnia, Ann. Mycol. 8, 1910: 63. A. bryoniae H. Zimm. in Petr., Fl. Boh. et Morav.: no. 954, nom. nud. (isotypi LE! LEP!). A. sicyi Novos., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 4 (10-12), 1938: 39. Diplodina cucurbitae Nevod. ex Dejeva, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 320 (holotype AA!). Fig. 4, p. 48. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on other parts of the host plant, scattered or aggregated, immersed, semi-immersed or superficial, pale brown to greyish brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin on leaves, on other parts of the host plant thicker. Conidia cylindrical, some slightly clavate or oblong-ellipsoidal, not or slightly constricted, (8) (24) (5) µm. On living and dry parts of various host plants of the Cucurbitaceae. Distribution: circumglobal. Perfect state: Didymella bryoniae (Pass.) Rehm. This fungus and the disease caused by it were studied in details by Chiu & Walker (1949a, b). Numerous publications on the ascochytosis of cucurbits have been controversial. In the publication of Uspenskaya & Mel nik (1973), the taxonomy and synonymy of the causal organism has been discussed in detail. Cyperaceae 12. Ascochyta kurdistanica Bubák, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28, 1914: 206 (holotype B!). Pycnidia between leaf veins, immersed, yellow, globose or irregularly globose-depressed, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or cylindrical, both ends rounded, not constricted, (20) 4.5 µm. On leaves of Bolboschoenus maritimus (= Scirpus maritimus). Distribution: Asia (Iran). Equisetaceae 13. Ascochyta equiseti (Desm.) Grove, J. Bot. 56, 1918: 315. Sphaeria equiseti Desm., Pl. Crypt. Fr.: no. 183 (isotype LE!). Sphaeropsis epitricha Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., 2 ser., 5, 1850: 375. Phoma epitricha (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3, 1884: 168. Diplodina equiseti Sacc., Ann. Mycol. 3, 1905: 233 (isotypi LE! TRT!). Stagonosporopsis equiseti Morochk., Ukr. Bot. Zhurn , 1939: 324. A. equiseti (Desm.) H. C. Greene, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 44, 3, 1951: 629. Fig. 5, p. 48. Pycnidia broadly scattered or arranged in line, immersed, dark brown or black, oval or almost globose, µm diam., with a small circular pore and papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblongellipsoidal, oval, both ends rounded, sometimes one end somewhat tapered, straight, not or slightly constricted, (8) (2.5) 3-4 (4.5) µm. On dead and dying leaves and stems of Equisetum spp. Distribution: Europe (France; Germany; Italy; UK; USSR Estonia, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Ukraine), N. America (USA). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

48 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 4. Conidia of Ascochyta cucumeris ( 1000). Fig. 5. Conidia of Ascochyta equiseti ( 1000). Fig. 6. Conidia of Ascochyta securinegae ( 1000). Euphorbiaceae 14. Ascochyta ricini (Rodigin) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 205. Stagonosporopsis ricini Rodigin, Tr. Bashkirsk. Selskokhoz. Inst. 3, 1942: Conidia ovoid or oblong-ellipsoidal, straight or slightly flexuous, µm. On living leaves of Ricinus communis. Distribution: Europe (USSR Saratov Oblast ). 15. Ascochyta securinegae Enkina, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1966: 204 (holotype LE!). Fig. 6, p. 48. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, pale brown, globose and globose-depressed, up to 180 µm diam., with a circular pore 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and somewhat clavate, both ends rounded, straight or flexuous, µm. On living leaves of Securinega suffruticosa. Distribution: Asia (USSR Novosibirsk Oblast ). Juncaceae 16. Ascochyta junci (Oudem.) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. Diplodina junci Oudem., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Pays-Bas 20, 1904: D. jahniana Petr., Fl. Boh. et Morav.: no. 1134, nom. nud. (isotype PR!). Pycnidia widely scattered, sometimes aggregated in groups of 2-3 pycnidia, immersed, black, globose or globose-depressed, (-240) µm diam., with an irregularly rounded pore, up to 30 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia oblong-fusiform, with obtuse ends, not or only slightly constricted, µm. On inflorescence stalks and bracts of Juncus squarrosus. Distribution: Europe (The Netherlands). Labiatae 17. Ascochyta elephas Bubák & Kabát, Hedwigia 43, 1904: 418 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, pale olivaceous-brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends broadly rounded, straight or flexuous, not or only slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Galeobdolon luteum. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia). 48 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

49 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 7. Conidia of Ascochyta lagochili ( 1000). Fig. 8. Conidia of Ascochyta boltshauseri ( 1000). 18. Ascochyta lagochili Byzova, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 267 (holotype AA!). A. lophanthi Davis var. osmophila Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 19, 2, 1919: 700. A. betonicicola Simonyan & Melnik, Biol. Zhurn. Armenii 23, 8, 1970: 92 (holotype ERE!). Fig. 7, p. 49. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered to more or less densely aggregated, immersed, pale to dark brown, globosedepressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends broadly rounded, straight to sometimes slightly flexuous, not or only slightly constricted, (9) (7) µm. On living leaves of Agastache foeniculum, Betonica officinalis, Lagochilus platyacanthus. Distribution: Asia (USSR Armenia, Kazakhstan), N. America (USA). Leguminosae 19. Ascochyta boltshauseri Sacc., Z. Pflanzenkrankh. 1, 1891: 136. Stagonospora hortensis Sacc. & Malbr., Michelia 2, 1881: 629.? A. pisi Lib. f. foliicola Sacc. & Marchal, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 7, 1885: Phleospora trifolii Cavara var. recedens C. Massal., Contr. Mic. Ver. 1889: 96. A. fabae Speg., Fungi Arg. novi vel critici 1899: 321. A. viciae-lathyroides Syd., Hedwigia 39, 1900: 3 (isotypi LE! LEP!). A. cladrastidis Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 52, 1912: 346 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Stagonosporopsis boltshauseri (Sacc.) Died., Ann. Mycol. 10, 1912: 141. A. punctata Naumov, Byull. Prikl. Bot. 6, 1913: 204 (holotype LE!). A. trifolii Bondartsev & Trusova, Bolezni Rast. 7, 1914: 215. A. trifolii Siemaszko, Act. Soc. Sci. Vars. 7, 1914: 8 (extr.). A. orobicola Trusova, Mat. po Mikol. i Fitopat. Rossii 4, 1915: 54 (holotype LE!). Stagonosporopsis hortensis (Sacc. & Malbr.) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 19, 1921: 21. Diplodina alhagi Lobik, Mat. po florist. i faunist. obsledovaniyam Terskogo okruga (Pyatigorsk) 1927: 42, ut D. alhaginis Lobik Stagonosporopsis trifolii (Cavara) Khokhr., Tr. po Zasch. Rast. 5, 1, 1932: 127.? A. pisi Lib. var. foliicola (Sacc. & Marchal) Wollenw. & Hochapfel, Z. Parasitenk. (Berlin) 8, 1936: 605. Stagonospora recedens (C. Massal.) F. R. Jones & Weimer, J. Agric. Res. 57, 11, 1938: 807. A. onobrychidis Bond.-Mont., Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. 2, 4, 1940: 353. A. lentis Vasiljevsky, Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. 2, 4, 1940: 356 (holotype LE!). A. hortensis (Sacc. & Malbr.) Jørst., Meld. Stat. Plantepat. Inst. 1, 1945: 74., non A. hortensis Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 44, 1905: 353. A. coronillae M. I. Nikol., Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1970: 253 (holotype LE!). A. alhagi (Lobik) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1971: 212. Fig. 8, p. 49. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, immersed or semi-immersed, yellowish, ochraceous to pale or dark brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, up to 200 (250) µm diam., with circular a pore up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblongcylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, constricted or only slightly constricted, (12) (25) (3.5) 4-6 (7) µm. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

50 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. On living leaves and other parts of Alhagi sp., Phaseolus sp., Trifolium sp., Cladrastis tinctoria, Coronilla varia, Lens esculenta, Onobrychis sativa, Orobus vernus, Vicia faba, V. sativa, and other Leguminosae. Distribution: circumglobal. 20. Ascochyta pinodes L. K. Jones, New York State Agric. Exp. Sta. (Geneva) Bull. 547, 1927: 4. A. pinodes (Berk. & Bloxam) Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 24, 1929: 289. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, but also on the other parts of the host plant, scattered or aggregated, immersed, from pale to dark brown, lentiform or subglobose, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded or blunt, predominantly not constricted, µm. On living and dry leaves and other parts of plants of Pisum spp. Distribution: circumglobal. The biology of this fungus and its systematic status were discussed by Bondartseva-Monteverde & Vasil evskij (1937, 1940). The perfect state of this species is Didymella pinodes (Berk. & Bloxam) Petr. 21. Ascochyta pisi Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard.: no. 12 (1830) (holotype BR! isotype LE!). A. orobi Sacc., Michelia 2, 1878: 161 (isotype K!). A. pisi Lib. f. caulium Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 10, 1889: 134, non valide publ., nom. nud. (isotype LEP!). A. pisi Lib. f. fructuum Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 16, 1894: 5 (isotype LEP!). A. pisi Lib. var. lupini Sacc. in Barthol., F. columb.: no (1916) (isotype NYS!). Diplodina macrophomoides Sousa da Câmara, Anais Inst. Super. Agron. Lisboa 3, 1930: 111 (holotype LISVA!). A. orobi Sacc. var. macrocarpa Rayss, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 62, 1946: 34. Fig. 9, p. 51. Pycnidia epiphyllous and also on the other parts of the host plant, usually extremely numerous, scattered to densely aggregated, sometimes confluent, several pycnidia closely aggregated, immersed, rusty yellow, pale yellow, yellowish, honey-coloured, ochraceous yellow to brown or dark brown, globose-depressed or globose-conical, often lentiform, up to 200 (250) µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, somewhat clavate, some conidia ovoid or irregularly shaped, both ends rounded, sometimes slightly attenuated, not or slightly constricted, (5) µm. On living leaves and other parts of host plants of Lathyrus latifolius, Orobus sp., Pisum sativum and many other members of Leguminosae. Distribution: circumglobal. 22. Ascochyta sphaerophysae Barbarin in Jaczewski, Opredelitel gribov (Petrograd) 2, 1917: 71 (holotype LEP!). Pycnidia amphigenous, evenly scattered or somewhat aggregated and then often 2-3 pycnidia confluent, immersed or semi-immersed, rusty ochraceous, globose or subglobose, µm diam., with an inconspicuous pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, sometimes slightly irregular, straight or slightly flexuous, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Sphaerophysa salsula. Distribution: Asia (USSR Uzbekistan). 23. Ascochyta spraguei Melnik stat. nov. A. pisi Lib. var. fabae R. Sprague in Yu, Phytopathology 37, 4, 1947: 213, non A. fabae Speg., Fungi Arg. novi vel critici 1899: 321. Pycnidia on leaves, stems, and pods, on leaves often in concentric rings or scattered, superficial, from redbrown to pale brown, globose-depressed, µm, average µm, with a pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, straight or sometimes flexuous, µm, average µm. On living leaves and others parts of Vicia faba. 50 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

51 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 9. Conidia of Ascochyta pisi ( 1000). Fig. 10. Conidia of Ascochyta viciae-villosae ( 1000). Distribution: Asia (China). The biology, pathogenicity, and disease, caused by this fungus, has been studied. by Yu (1947). According to his data, this fungus is strongly specialised and confined in China to Vicia faba. [Note added during translation: In the original Russian publication, the name was printed as A. spragueii Melnik, which should be corrected to A. spraguei.] 24. Ascochyta viciae-villosae Ondřej, Biológia (Bratislava) 23, 10, 1968: 815. Fig. 10, p. 51. Pycnidia amphigenous, densely aggregated, brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a round pore, up to 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, straight or slightly flexuous, both ends rounded, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Vicia pannonica and V. villosa. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia). 25. Ascochyta vignae M. I. Nikol., Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1970: 254 (holotype LE!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, dark brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or broadly fusiform, both ends narrowed, sometimes one end attenuated, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Vigna catjang. Distribution: Europe (USSR Voronezh Oblast ). Liliaceae 26. Ascochyta majalis C. Massal., Atti Reale Ist. Veneto 59, 2, 1900: 684. Pycnidia amphigenous, scattered, immersed, pale brown, globose-depressed, lentiform, µm diam., with a small inconspicuous pore. Pycnidial wall very thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends broadly rounded, straight, sometimes irregular and then flexuous, not or slightly constricted, (30) 4-5 µm. On living leaves of Convallaria majalis. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Hungary; Italy; Romania; USSR Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Ukraine; Sweden), N. America (USA). Jenkins (1942) reported this disease in lily-of-the-valley plantations in Pennsylvania, USA. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

52 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Malvaceae 27. Ascochyta abutilonica Massenot, Rev. Pathol. Vég. Entomol. Agric. France 30, 1951: 206. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, semi-immersed, globose, µm diam., with a pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, straight, both ends rounded, constricted, µm. On living leaves of Abutilon striatum. Distribution: Europe (France). Moraceae 28. Ascochyta caricae Rabenh., Bot. Zeitung 12, 1851: 445. A. fragosoi Unamuno, Asoc. Esp. Progr. Ci. Congr. Oporto VI, Ci. Nat. 30 Junio 1921, 1921: 90. A. syconophila Curzi, Atti Ist. Univ. Pavia, ser. III, 1927: 296. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, pale yellow to brown, lentiform, slightly depressed in the centre, sometimes globose, (100) µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal, cylindrical and somewhat clavate, both ends rounded, straight to sometimes bent, not constricted, 7-12 (15) 3-5 µm. On living leaves of Ficus carica and F. hyrcanica. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; France; Italy; Spain; Yugoslavia), Asia (USSR Armenia, Azerbajdzhan, Georgia). Paeoniaceae 29. Ascochyta paeoniae Bond.-Mont., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 5, 10-12, 1945: 159 (holotype LE!). A. paeoniae Massenot, Rev. Pathol. Vég. Entomol. Agric. France 30, 1951: 208. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, brownish, subglobose or almost lentiform, sometimes depressed in the centre, µm diam., with circular a pore, up to 20 µm diam., often with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or bent, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Paeonia officinalis and Paeonia sp. Distribution: Europe (USSR Leningrad Oblast ; France). Plumbaginaceae 30. Ascochyta plumbaginis Sacc. in Syd., Mycoth. marchica: no (1887) (holotype PAD!). Stagonosporopsis plumbaginis (Sacc.) Died., Ann. Mycol. 10, 1912: 142. Pycnidia epiphyllous, inconspicuous, scattered, immersed, pale brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends broadly rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Plumbago europaea. Distribution: Europe (Germany). Polemoniaceae 31. Ascochyta polemonii Cavara, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 21, 1899: 104 (isotypi K! LE!). A. polemonii Rostr., Bot. Tidsskr. 26, 1905: 311 (holotype C!). Fig. 11, p. 53. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on another parts of the host plants, aggregated, immersed, dark brown, globoseconical, protruding with apical part, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded 52 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

53 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, some conidia slightly curved, not or slightly constricted, (6.6) (20) (5) µm. On living leaves and other parts of Polemonium acutiflorum, P. caeruleum, P. campanulatum. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia; Denmark; Italy; USSR Estonia, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast ; Finland), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan), N. America (USA). Fig. 11. Conidia of Ascochyta polemonii ( 1000). Fig. 12. Conidia of Ascochyta bresadolae ( 1000). Polygonaceae 32. Ascochyta bresadolae Sacc. & Syd., Syll. Fung. 14, 1899: 948. A. fagopyri Bres., Hedwigia 31, 1892: 40 (isotypi LEP! WRSL!), non A. fagopyri Thüm. & Bolle, Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. 1885: 13. A. fagopyri Bres. var. italica Traverso, Ann. Mycol. 1, 1903: 313. A. fagopyri Bres. var. tulensis Bondartsev, Bolezni Rast. 6, 1912: 13 (holotype LE!). A. italica (Traverso) Ishiy., Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14, 4, 1936: 297. Fig. 12, p. 53. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, from pale to dark brown, globose or slightly depressed, (250) µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and slightly clavate, both ends rounded, constricted or not constricted, (22) 3-6 µm. On living leaves of Fagopyrum sagittatum. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Italy; USSR generally distributed), Asia (Japan). 33. Ascochyta rhei Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Sci. Nat. Philadelphia 1893: 160. Phyllosticta rhei Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Sci. Nat. Philadelphia 1891: 77. Ph. halstediana Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 144. Pycnidia epiphyllous, numerous, in concentric rings, immersed, from pale to dingy brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with an inconspicuous pore, up to 30 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall very thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal and slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight or bent, not constricted, 7-17 (20) µm. On living leaves of Rheum sp. Distribution: Europe (USSR Krasnodar Kraj, Voronezh Oblast ), N. America (USA). 34. Ascochyta rumicicola Vasyag., Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 225 (holotype AA!), ut A. rumicola Vasyag. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, from pale brown to brown, globose-depressed, up to 205 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall from very delicate to rather thick. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, slightly constricted, (15) (36) (6) (15.5) µm. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

54 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. On living leaves of Rumex tianschanicus. Distribution: Europe (USSR Leningrad Oblast ), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan). According to Stepanova (1971), this fungus occurred in Leningrad Oblast beside its usual host also on Podophyllum spp. (Berberidaceae). Ranunculaceae 35. Ascochyta actaeae Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 19, 2, 1919: 656. Marssonia actaeae Bres., Hedwigia 32, 1893: 33. Actinonema actaeae Allesch., Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 5, 1897: 7. Marssonina actaeae (Bres.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45, 1906: 88. Stagonosporopsis actaeae (Allesch.) Died., Ann. Mycol. 10, 1912: 397. St. delphinii Lebedeva, Bot. Mat. Inst. Spor. Rast. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR 1, 8, 1922: 156. St. hydrastidis Bond.-Mont., Bolezni Rast. 12, 1923: 8. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed or semi-immersed, pale brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a small circular pore. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Actaea spicata, Delphinium elatum, and Hydrastis sp. Distribution: Europe (Germany; UK; USSR Estonia, Kursk Oblast, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Voronezh Oblast ), N. America (USA). 36. Ascochyta aquilegiae (Rabenh.) Höhn., Ann. Mycol. 3, 1905: 406. Depazea aquilegiae Rabenh. in Klotzsch, Herb. Mycol.: no (1852). A. laskarisii Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1971: 211. Diplodina delphinii Laskaris, Phytopathology 40, 1950: 620 (holotype NY!), non A. delphinii Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1968: 173.? Diplodina delphinii Golovin, Tr. Sredneaz. Univ., Nov. Ser., Vyp. 14, Biol. Nauki 5, 1950: 34. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on other parts of the host plant, more or less aggregated, immersed, from light to dark brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a small circular pore and sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or flexuous, (3) 4-6 µm. On living leaves and other parts of Aquilegia spp., Delphinium spp., and Trollius chinensis. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; USSR Belarus, Leningrad Oblast, Murmansk Oblast ), Asia (USSR Armenia), N. America (USA). This fungus and the caused disease of delphinium has been studied in details by Laskaris (1950). L. A. Shavrova (1968) investigated the host range of the fungus in the Murmansk Oblast. Saxifragaceae 37. Ascochyta bondarceviana Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. A. ribis Bondartsev, Izv. St. Petersburg Bot. Sada 12, 1912: 101 (holotype LE!), non A. ribis Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard.: no. 53 (1830). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, pale brown, lentiform, up to 160 µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or slightly flexuous, not constricted or constricted, µm. On living leaves of Grossularia acicularis, Ribes nigrum, R. rubrum. Distribution: Europe (USSR Kursk Oblast ), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan). 54 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

55 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 13. Conidia of Ascochyta physalina ( 1000). Selaginellaceae 38. Ascochyta selaginellae M. L. Farr in Farr & Horner, Nova Hedwigia 15, 1, 1968: 261 (holotype NY! isotype LE!). Pycnidia usually in groups of 1-2, immersed or semi-immersed, pale brown, subglobose or lentiform, µm diam., µm high, with a small papillate ostiole, up to 10 µm high, and a circular pore, 8-12 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia from narrowly ellipsoidal to subfusiform or subcylindrical, separate conidia with a yellowish tinge, µm. On sporophylls and sporangia of Selaginella helvetica. Distribution: Europe (Italy). Solanaceae 39. Ascochyta physalina Sacc., Michelia 1, 1877: 93 (isotypi BUCA! K!). A. hyoscyami Pat., Cat. rais pl. cell. Tunisie 1897: 349. Diplodina hyoscyamicola Bubák & Kabát, Hedwigia 52, 1912: 349 (isotypi LE! LEP!). A. hyoscyami Pat. var. rossica Siemaszko, Bull. angew. Bot. 6, 1913: 713 (holotype LEP!). Stagonospora physalina (Sacc.) Siemaszko, Arch. Nauk Biol. Towarz. Nauk. Warszawsk. 1, 14, 1923: 34. A. kashmiriana Padwick & Mehr, Mycol. Pap. 7, 1943: 5 (holotype HCIO!). Stagonospora hyoscyami Domashova, Mikoflora khrebta Terskej Ala-Too 1960: 188. Fig. 13, p. 55. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on other parts of the host plant, more or less scattered, immersed, pale brown and brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or flexuous, slightly constricted, (14) µm. On living leaves and other parts of Hyoscyamus niger and Physalis alkekengi. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; USSR generally distributed), Asia (India), Africa (Tunisia). Sparganiaceae 40. Ascochyta quadriguttulata Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 50, 1910: 40. Pycnidia epiphyllous, immersed, ochraceous-brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a round pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia fusiform or broadly fusiform, both ends attenuated and rounded, straight, constricted or not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Sparganium ramosum. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; USSR Estonia). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

56 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Typhaceae 41. Ascochyta typhoidearum (Desm.) Höhn., Sitzungsb. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 111, 1, 1902: 995. Hendersonia typhoidearum Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 11, 1849: 344. Darluca typhoidearum (Desm.) Berk. & Broome in Berkeley, Outl. Brit. Fung. 1860: 318, p. p.? Stagonospora typhoidearum (Desm.) Sacc. f. santonensis Brunaud, Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Ouest France 1894: 36. A. typhoidearum (Desm.) Cunnell, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 42, 1959: 467. Pycnidia on the entire surface of stems and epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, dark brown or almost black, globose, slightly depressed or irregularly rounded in outline, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., and papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia fusiform, both ends acutate, basal end sometimes very acute, slightly constricted, (12) µm. On leaves and stems of Typha angustifolia, T. latifolia, Typha sp. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia; Denmark; France; Germany; Poland; UK; USSR Estonia, Latvia, Orel Oblast ). The complex synonymy of this species has been discussed in detail by Cunnell (1959). Umbelliferae 42. Ascochyta grovei Pisareva, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 261, ut A. grovii Pisareva A. heraclei Bres., Hedwigia 38, 1900: 326 (isotypi LEP! WRSL!), non A. heraclei Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard.: no. 51 (1830). Stagonospora heraclei A. L. Sm. & Ramsb., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 5, 1915: 161. A. heraclei (A. L. Sm. & Ramsb.) Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 304. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered, immersed to almost superficial, from pale brown on leaves to dark brown on stems, lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, sometimes slightly clavate, both ends rounded, slightly constricted, (9) (24) 4-5 (6.6) µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Heracleum mantegazzianum, H. sibiricum, H. sosnowskyi, H. sphondylium. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; Norway, Switzerland; UK; USSR Kursk Oblast, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast ), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan). 43. Ascochyta levistici (Lebedeva) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. Stagonospora levistici Lebedeva, Bot. Mat. Inst. Spor. Rast. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR 1, 8, 1922: 126 (holotype LE! isotype MW!). A. heraclei Bres. var. heraclei-ternati Picb., Ann. Mycol. 35, 1937: 143 (holotype BRNM!). A. angelicae Vakhrush., Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1974: 174 (holotype LE!). Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, sometimes 2-3 pycnidia confluent, semiimmersed, honey-yellow, brownish, globose-depressed or lentiform, up to 200 (240) µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, sometimes slightly narrowed in the middle and then biscuit-shaped, straight, sometimes slightly flexuous, not or slightly constricted, (30) 6-7 (8) µm. On living leaves of Angelica dahurica, Levisticum officinale, Heracleum ternatum. Distribution: Europe (Bulgaria; USSR Leningrad Oblast ). Urticaceae 44. Ascochyta boehmeriae Woron., Bot. Mat. Inst. Spor. Rast. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR 3, 2, 1924: 32 (holotype GruzIZR!). A. boehmeriae T. Watan., Bull. Utsunomiya Agric. Coll., ser. A, Forestry 2, 2, 1935: 39. A. boehmeriae Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique Nord 36, 1945: 42. Pycnidia amphigenous and on stems, scattered, immersed, from light to dark brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial 56 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

57 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or ovate, both ends rounded, straight, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Boehmeria spp. Distribution: Europe (Italy), Asia (Japan; USSR Georgia). 7.2 Subgenus Libertia Aceraceae 45. Ascochyta negundinis Bres., Stud. Trent. VII, Ser. 2, 1, 1926: 21 (isotypi H! K! LE! UC!). A. aceris Hollós, Bot. Közlem. 25, 1928: 126 (isotype H!). Pycnidia more or less densely aggregated, immersed, reddish brown or almost black, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm, with a circular pore, up to µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal or oblong-ovate, with broad apex and narrowed base, straight, not constricted, 10 (12) µm. On winged seeds of Acer negundo. Distribution: Europe (Hungary; Italy). 46. Ascochyta pallida Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 47, 1908: 357 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, mostly scattered, sometimes aggregated, immersed, pale brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly bent, not constricted, (4) µm. On living leaves of Acer platanoides. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia), Asia (USSR Armenia). 47. Ascochyta tehonii Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 205. A. negundinis Tehon, Mycologia 29, 1937: 443 (holotype NY!), non A. negundinis Bres., Stud. Trent. VII, Ser. 2, 1, 1926: 21. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, numerous, light brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a small papillate ostiole and a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or cylindrical, both ends slightly narrowed, rounded, straight, not constricted, µm, often µm. On living leaves of Acer negundo. Distribution: N. America (USA). 48. Ascochyta velata Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 56, 1915: 293 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Fig. 14, p. 59. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, in the plant tissue pale to dark brown, in fungal stromata dark brown or almost black, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, 20 µm diam., in light pycnidia surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or oval, some subcylindrical, both ends broadly rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On stromata of Rhytisma acerimum Lév. and on leaf spots of Acer spp., caused by this fungus. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

58 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Actinidiaceae 49. Ascochyta actinidiae Tobisch, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 83, 1934: 129. Pycnidia epiphyllous, aggregated, immersed, brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin, almost transparent. Conidia cylindrical, some conidia subclavate, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, 7-10 (12) 3-4 µm. On living leaves of Actinidia polygama. Distribution: Europe (Austria). Alismataceae 50. Ascochyta boydii Grove, J. Bot. 56, 1918: 315 (holotype K!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, numerous, scattered, sometimes confluent, immersed, pale brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia obovate, ellipsoidal, or clavate, both ends rounded, sometimes with an acutate base, straight, not or slightly constricted, (5) µm. On living leaves of Alisma plantago-aquatica. Distribution: Europe (UK; USSR Leningrad Oblast ), Asia (USSR Armenia). 51. Ascochyta ignobilis Oudem., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Pays-Bas 17, 1901: 261. Diplodina ignobilis (Oudem.) Sacc. & Syd. in Sacc., Syll. Fung. 16, 1902: 940. Pycnidia immersed, black, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, µm. On stems of Alisma plantago-aquatica. Distribution: Europe (The Netherlands). Amaranthaceae 52. Ascochyta celosiae (Thüm.) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 25, 1927: 371. Phyllosticta celosiae Thüm., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Lusit., Ser. 3, 1880: 45; Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3, 1884: 54. Diplodina amaranthi Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 12, 1890: 124. A. amaranthi Allesch. in Allesch. & Schnabl, F. bavar.: no. 663 (1900) (isotype LEP!). Diplodinula amaranthi (Fautrey) Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Univ. Siena 5, 1902: 44. A. celosiae Nelen, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1966: 221 (holotype LE!). Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered, immersed, yellowish-, reddish- or dark brown, globosedepressed, up to 125 µm diam., with a circular pore, 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or slightly clavate, sometimes ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, not constricted, µm. On living leaves and stems of Amaranthus caudatus, A. retroflexus, Celosia cristata, Celosia sp. Distribution: Europe (Austria; France; Germany; Portugal; USSR Orel Oblast, Ryazan Oblast ), Asia (USSR Primorskij Kraj). Anacardiaceae 53. Ascochyta comocladiae Gonz. Frag. & Cif., Publ. Estac. Agron. Moca, Ser. B, Bot. 13, 1928: 12. Pycnidia densely scattered, black, globose or irregularly shaped, µm diam., immersed, with a slightly protruding ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, µm. On living leaves of Comocladia sp. Distribution: Europe (Spain). 58 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

59 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 14. Conidia of Ascochyta velata ( 1000). Fig. 15. Conidia of Ascochyta acori ( 1000). 54. Ascochyta mangiferae Bat., Bol. Agric. Pernambuco 19, 1952: 166 (holotype URM!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, numerous to solitary, scattered, immersed, dark brown, globose-depressed, up to 200 µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam. Conidia short cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Mangifera indica. Distribution: South America (Brazil). Apocynaceae 55. Ascochyta alstoniae Henn., Hedwigia 41, 1902: 307. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, black-brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal or oblong-ovate, both ends obtuse, slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Alstonia scholaris. Distribution: South America (Brazil). 56. Ascochyta plumeriae Henn., Hedwigia 48, 1908: 14. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, black, lentiform, µm diam., with a pore. Conidia ellipsoidal or oval, µm. On leaves of Plumeria sp. (cf. Pl. warmingii). Distribution: South America (Brazil). 57. Ascochyta vincae (Thüm.) Grove, J. Bot. 54, 1916: 191. Phyllosticta vincae Thüm., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Lusit., Ser. 2, 1879: 48. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, not numerous, often in the centre of the spots, immersed, but slightly protruding, black. Conidia narrowly fusiform,, more often narrowed to basal end, straight or flexuous, sometimes slightly irregular, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Vinca major. Distribution: Europe (France; Germany; Portugal; UK), Africa (Algeria). Araceae 58. Ascochyta acori Oudem., Hedwigia 37, 1898: 177. Marssonia extremorum Syd., Ann. Mycol. 2, 1904: 192 (isotype LE!). Marssonina extremorum (Syd.) Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 826. Fig. 15, p. 59. Pycnidia amphigenous, scattered, immersed, from dark brown to almost black, globose or sometimes elliptical, elongated along the middle rib of leave, µm, with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall rather Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

60 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. thick. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes flexuous, septum often eccentric, slightly constricted, µm. On living and dry leaves of Acorus calamus. Distribution: Europe (Germany; The Netherlands; UK; USSR Latvia, Ukraine). Cunnell (1959) studied this fungus in detail. 59. Ascochyta arigena Bubák, Bot. Közlem. 14, 1915: 66. A. arophila Bubák, Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 6, 1906: 476, non A. arophila Sacc., Grevillea 21, 1893: 67. Pycnidia dark brown, widely opened. Conidia fusiform, both ends narrowed, straight or flexuous, µm. On living leaves of Arum italicum. Distribution: Europe (Yugoslavia). 60. Ascochyta minima (P. Karst. & Har.) Arx, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect. 51, 3, 1957: 105. Gloeosporium minimum P. Karst. & Har., J. Bot. (Marot) 4, 1890: 360. Pycnidia fairly densely distributed, immersed, globose, µm diam., with an ostiole protruding through the epidermis and an irregularly circular pore. Pycnidial wall 4-10 µm thick. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, fusiform or obclavate, µm. On living leaves of Anthurium spp. Distribution: Europe (France). 61. Ascochyta pellucida Bubák, Ann. Mycol. 4, 1906: 112. A. ari Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 376. A. aricola A. L. Sm. & Ramsb., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 4, 1, 1913: 175. Pycnidia epiphyllous, sometimes amphigenous, densely aggregated, and often confluent, immersed, light brown or almost transparent, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia mostly cylindrical, rarely oblong-ellipsoidal or subclavate, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly bent, µm. On withering and dry leaves of Arum maculatum, Calla palustris. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; Portugal; UK; USSR Latvia). 62. Ascochyta philodendri Bat., Anais Soc. Biol. Pernambuco 12, 1, 1954: 40. Pycnidia immersed, brown, globose, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-fusiform, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Philodendron imbe. Distribution: South America (Brazil). Araliaceae 63. Ascochyta ambrosiana Unamuno, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 28, 1928: 501. Pycnidia epiphyllous, numerous, evenly scattered, semi-immersed, dark brown, globose-depressed, µm, with a subcircular pore, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ovate, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Hedera helix. Distribution: Europe (Spain). 60 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

61 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 64. Ascochyta marginata Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 18, 1918: 263 (holotype WIS!). A. starcii Syd. in Smarods, Schedae to Fungi latvici exsiccati, fasc. 5, 230, 1932: 75 (holotype Pribalt. filial VIZR!; isotypi BRNM! JE! K! LE! LEP! PR! ESKhA!). A. panacis Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1972: 154 (holotype LE!). Fig. 16, p. 63. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on dry petioles, scattered, immersed, light brown to rusty, globose-depressed or sometimes lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, not or slightly constricted, 6-12 (2) 3-4 µm. On living leaves and dry petioles of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum, Aralia nudicaulis and Panax ginseng. Distribution: Europe (USSR Latvia), Asia (USSR Primorskij Kraj), N. America (USA). 65. Ascochyta stilbocarpae Syd., Ann. Mycol. 22, 1924: 311.[correction vs. book, which had 331] Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, slightly erumpent, globose-depressed, µm diam., with circular a pore, 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, sometimes conidia with one acutate end, straight or slightly bent, µm. On living leaves of Stilbocarpa polaris. Distribution: New Zealand. Aristolochiaceae 66. Ascochyta aristolochiae Sacc., Michelia 2, 1878: 165. A. siphonis Allesch. in Allesch. & Schnabl, F. bavar.: no. 666 (1900) (isotype LEP!). A. asari Bond.-Mont., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 5, 10-12, 1945: 158 (holotype LE!). A. hupkei H. Ruppr., Sydowia 11, 1957: 121 (holotype JE!). Fig. 17, p. 63. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, semi-immersed, from light to dark brown or almost black, globosedepressed and lentiform, sometimes somewhat compressed in the middle, (250) µm diam., with or without a small papillate ostiole, with a circular pore, µm diam. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, (4) µm. On living leaves of Aristolochia clematitis, A. sipho, Asarum canadense, A. europaeum. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Italy; USSR Lipetsk Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Voronezh Oblast ), N. America (USA). 67. Ascochyta aristolochiicola Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 5, 1907: 459. Pycnidia aggregated, subepidermal, black, lentiform, µm diam., with pore. Conidia cylindrical, both ends slightly attenuated and rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On fallen fruits of Aristolochia clematitis. Distribution: Europe (Hungary). Asclepiadaceae 68. Ascochyta asclepiadearum Traverso, Ann. Mycol. 1, 1903: 312. A. asclepiadearum Traverso var. macrospora C. Massal., Malpighia 20, 1906: 9. A. periplocae Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 46, 1907: 292 (holotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Diplodina periplocae Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 5, 1907: 461. A. periplocae Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 7, 1909: 53. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, also on dry bracts, scattered, sometimes 2-3 pycnidia confluent, immersed, honey-coloured, transparent or light brown, sometimes even brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, (80) µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall very thin, deli- Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

62 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. cate. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or bent, not constricted, 6-12 (2.5) 3-4 µm. On living leaves and dry floral envelopes of Periploca graeca, Vincetoxicum officinale and V. sibiricum. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Sweden; USSR Latvia), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan, Turkmenia). Balsaminaceae 69. Ascochyta impatientis Bres., Hedwigia 39, 1900: 326 (isotype WRSL!). Diplodina impatientis Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 52, 1912: 350. D. richteriana Staritz, Hedwigia 53, 1913: 161 (holotype BRNM!). Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, immersed, pale brown, subglobose, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or bent, not constricted, (6) µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Balsaminum hortensis, Impatiens noli-tangere, I. parviflora, I. sultani. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; USSR Estonia, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast ), Asia (USSR Armenia, Kirghizia). Basellaceae 70. Ascochyta basellae Henn., Hedwigia 41, 1902: 114 (holotype BR!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, almost superficial, strongly erumpent, yellowish brown, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia mostly cylindrical, some slightly clavate or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, (6) µm. On leaves of Basella rubra? Distribution: South America (Brazil). Begoniaceae 71. Ascochyta begoniae (Tassi) Voglino, Ann. R. Accad. Agric. Torino 55, (1912) 1913: 219. Phoma begoniae Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Univ. Siena 4, 1901: 8. Pycnidia scattered, slightly erumpent, black, minute. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm. On leaves of Begonia credneri, B. evansiana, B. sempervirens. Distribution: Europe (Italy). Berberidaceae 72. Ascochyta achlyicola Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Sci. Nat. Philadelphia 1895: 364 (holotype NY!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, honey-coloured to light or dark brown, globose-depressed, up to 200 µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal, oblong-ellipsoidal, ovate, pyriform, some cylindrical, both ends rounded, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Achlys triphylla. Distribution: N. America (USA). 73. Ascochyta australis Speg., F. Arg. Pug. 2: no Pycnidia immersed, lentiform, µm diam., with a wide pore. Conidia ellipsoidal, slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Berberis glauca. 62 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

63 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Distribution: South America (Argentina). 74. Ascochyta berberidis Rădul., Negru & Docea, Stud. Cercet. Biol., ser. Bot. 16, 5, 1964: 434. Fig. 18, p. 63. Pycnidia epiphyllous, immersed, brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam. Conidia oval or pyriform, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Berberis vulgaris. Distribution: Europe (Romania). Fig. 16. Conidia of Ascochyta marginata ( 1000). Fig. 17. Conidia of Ascochyta aristolochiae ( 1000). Fig. 18. Conidia of Ascochyta berberidis (after Rădulescu & al., 1964). Betulaceae 75. Ascochyta alni Siemaszko, Arch. Nauk Biol. Towarz. Nauk. Warszawsk. 1, 14, 1923: 32. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, yellowish brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, ellipsoidal, or cylindrical, both ends slightly attenuated, straight, not constricted, 6-11 (2.5) 3-4 µm. On living leaves of Alnus glutinosa and A. incana. Distribution: Europe (USSR Leningrad Oblast ), Asia (USSR Armenia). 76. Ascochyta coryli Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 2, 1878: 162. Pycnidia brown, lentiform, 200 µm diam., with a pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or cylindrical, straight or slightly bent, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Corylus avellana. Distribution: Europe (Italy). Boraginaceae 77. Ascochyta boraginis I. E. Brezhnev, Uch. Zap. Leningr. Univ. 28, ser. Biol. Nauki, 7, 1939: 177 (holotype LGU!). A. madisonensis H. C. Greene, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 47 (1958) 1959: 114 (holotype WIS!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, sometimes in almost concentric circles, immersed, honey-coloured, flesh-red or pale brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, some slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, slightly constricted, 7-12 (14) µm. On living leaves of Borago officinalis and Mertensia virginica. Distribution: Europe (USSR Leningrad Oblast ), N. America (USA). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

64 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 19. Infected leaf of Commiphora caudata and conidia of Ascochyta commiphorae (after Ramakrishnan & Sundaram, 1955). Fig. 20. Pycnidia and conidia of Ascochyta bryophyla (after Racovitza, 1959; as Diplodina bryophila Racov.). Burseraceae 78. Ascochyta commiphorae T. S. Ramakr. & Sundaram, Indian Phytopathol. 7, 2, (1954) 1955: 146. Fig. 19, p. 64. Pycnidia epiphyllous, immersed, black, lentiform, with a pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, straight or slightly flexuous, µm. On living leaves of Commiphora caudata. Distribution: Asia (India). Bryophyta 79. Ascochyta bryophyla (Racov.) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1972: 153. Diplodina bryophila Racov., Mem. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., ser. Bot. 10, 1959: 261. Fig. 20, p. 64. Pycnidia immersed, brown or dark brown, almost carbonaceous, mostly ellipsoidal or globose, (840) µm, with a circular pore, 24 µm diam., and papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, straight, not constricted, µm. On dead sporogons of Dicranum scoparium, Grimmia pulvinata, Syntrichia alpina, Tortula muralis var. aestiva. Distribution: Europe (France). Buxaceae 80. Ascochyta limbalis Sacc., Michelia 2, 1878: 161. Pycnidia epiphyllous, lentiform, with a pore. Conidia cylindrical, both ends blunt, slightly constricted, 15 2 µm. On living leaves of Buxus sempervirens. Distribution: Europe (Italy; Portugal). 64 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

65 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 21. Conidia of Ascochyta adenophorae ( 1000). Fig. 22. Conidia of Ascochyta bohemica ( 1000). Calycanthaceae 81. Ascochyta calycanthi Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 2, 1878: 162. A. calycanthi Sacc. & Speg. f. occidentalis Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Univ. Siena 3, 1900: 153. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, dark brown or almost black, lentiform, up to 200 µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, constricted or not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Calycanthus floridus and C. occidentale. Distribution: Europe (Italy; USSR Latvia). Campanulaceae 82. Ascochyta adenophorae Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1970: 242 (holotype LE!). Fig. 21, p. 65. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, sometimes confluent, immersed, olivaceous yellow, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Adenophora lilifolia. Distribution: Europe (USSR Moscow Oblast ). 83. Ascochyta bohemica Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 44, 1905: 352 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Stagonospora bohemica (Kabát & Bubák) Tobisch, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 83, 1934: 142. Fig. 22, p. 65. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on petals and stems, scattered, sometimes 2-3 pycnidia confluent, immersed, initially yellowish olivaceous, later light ochraceous or brownish, globose-depressed and lentiform, µm diam., average 125 µm diam., with circular pore up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, and with papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly flexuous, septum sometimes slightly eccentric, not or slightly constricted, µm, average µm; with some one-celled cylindrical conidia, 3.5-(10) µm. On living leaves, petals, and stems of Campanula spp. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; UK; USSR Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Ukraine), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan), South America (Argentina), N. America (USA). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

66 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 84. Ascochyta carpathica (Allesch. & Syd.) Grove, J. Bot. 60, 1922: 46 (Febr.). Phyllosticta carpathica Allesch. & Syd., Hedwigia 36, 1897: 157. A. carpathica (Allesch. & Syd.) Grove f. caulicola Grove, J. Bot. 60, 1922: 46 (holotype K! isotype JE!). A. carpathica (Allesch. & Syd.) Keissl., Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 35, 1922: 21 (May).? A. campanulae Garb., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 39, 1923: 248. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered, immersed, brownish, lentiform, µm diam., with a minute, circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or ellipsoidal, not constricted, µm. On living and dry leaves of Campanula spp. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Romania; UK; USSR Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine). 85. Ascochyta codonopsis Schvartsman, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 275 (isotype LE!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, light brown, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes flexuous, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Codonopsis clematidea. Distribution: Asia (USSR Kazakhstan). Caprifoliaceae 86. Ascochyta ferdinandi Bubák & Malkoff, Ann. Mycol. 6, 1908: 24. Gloeosporium ebuli Allesch. in Allesch. & Schnabl, F. bavar.: no. 684 (1900) (isotype LEP!), non A. ebuli Fuckel, Symb. Mycol. 1869: 386. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, semi-immersed, globose or slightly depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., and small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not or sometimes slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Sambucus ebulus. Distribution: Europe (Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia), Asia (USSR Georgia). 87. Ascochyta lantanae Sacc., Michelia 2, 1878: 162. A. sambucella Pass., Diagn. F. N. IV ( ): 11. Diplodina sambucella (Pass.) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 696. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on twigs, scattered or almost aggregated, black, with a pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia fusiform or lanceolate, both ends acute, not constricted, µm. On living leaves and branches of Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana. Distribution: Europe (Italy). 88. Ascochyta symphoriae Briard & Har., Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 12, 1890: 178. Diplodina symphoriae (Briard & Har.) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 699. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, brown, 500 µm diam. Conidia oblong-ovate, both ends blunt, µm. On branches of Symphoricarpus racemosus. Distribution: N. America (USA). 89. Ascochyta symphoricarpophila Fairm., Ann. Mycol. 8, 1910: 323. Pycnidia epiphyllous, black, small. Conidia ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Symphoricarpus racemosus. Distribution: N. America (USA). 66 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

67 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 90. Ascochyta tatarica Allesch., Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 4, 1896: 34. Diplodina tatarica (Allesch.) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 690. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, brownish black, globose-depressed or sublentiform. Conidia fusiform, both ends blunt, slightly constricted, µm. On dry branches of Lonicera tatarica. Distribution: Europe (Germany). 91. Ascochyta tenerrima Sacc. & Roum., Michelia 2, 1881: 622. Phyllosticta vulgaris Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 11, 1849: 350. Ph. symphoricarpi Westend., Not. VII, : 7, non A. symphoricarpi Pass., Diagn. F. N. IV ( ): 11. A. peryclymeni Thüm., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Lusit., 1880 (1881): 49 (extr.) (no. 606). Phyllosticta viburni Roum., F. gall.: no (1882). A. viburni (Roum.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 3, 1884: 387. Marssonia sambuci Rostr., Bot. Tidsskr. 22, 1899: 270. A. vulgaris Kabát & Bubák, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 54, 1904: 23 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). A. viburni (Roum.) Sacc. var. lantanigena Kabát & Bubák, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 53, 1904: 184. Marssonina sambuci (Rostr.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45, 1906: 88. A. symphoriae Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 47, 1908: 359 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). A. sambucella Bubák & K. Krieg., Ann. Mycol. 10, 1912: 48 (isotypi CUP! LEP! WRSL!). A. rostrupii Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 395. A. vulgaris Kabát & Bubák var. symphoricarpi (Westend.) Grove, J. Bot. 60, 1922: 48. A. vulgaris Kabát & Bubák var. lonicerae Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 305 (non valide publ., descr. angl.). Fig. 23, p. 68. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, numerous to solitary, scattered or aggregated, immersed, yellowish, light brown or brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, sometimes somewhat compressed in the middle, up to 200 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some subclavate or oblong-ellipsoidal, straight or sometimes slightly bent, both ends rounded, not or slightly constricted, 6-13 (14) (4.5) µm. On living leaves of Lonicera spp., Sambucus spp., Symphoricarpus spp., Viburnum spp. Distribution: Europe (generally distributed), N. America (USA). 92. Ascochyta wisconsina Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 18, 1918: 101 (holotype WIS! isotypi LE! UC!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, slightly erumpent, brown, globose or sublentiform, µm diam., with a minute, circular pore. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical (smaller conidia oval), both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Sambucus canadensis, S. nigra, S. racemosa. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; USSR Orel Oblast, Udmurtia, Ukraine), N. America (USA). Caricaceae 93. Ascochyta caricae-papayae Tarr, The fungi and plant diseases of the Sudan 1995: 53. A. caricae Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 7, 1891: 178, non A. caricae Rabenh., Bot. Zeitung 12, 1851: 455. Pycnidia on petioles and fruits, at first immersed, later erumpent, globose or almost globose, on fruits µm, an average µm, on petioles µm diam., with a short papillate ostiole and circular pore. Pycnidial wall more thicker in upper part of the pycnidium. Conidia ellipsoidal, ovate, not constricted or slightly constricted, µm. On petioles and fruits of Carica papaya. Distribution: Asia (India), N. America (USA), South America (Brazil), Africa (Kenya; Sudan; Republic of South Africa), Australia. The biology of the fungus, the development of the disease caused, and control measures against this disease have been studied in detail by Chowdhury (1950). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

68 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 23. Conidia of Ascochyta tenerrima ( 1000). Fig. 24. Conidia of Ascochyta alpina ( 1000). Fig. 25. Conidia of Ascochyta stellariae ( 1000). Caryophyllaceae 94. Ascochyta alpina Rostr., Forh. Vidensk.-Selskab. Kristiania 9, 1891: 11 (holotype O!). Fig. 24, p. 68. Pycnidia amphigenous, numerous, semi-immersed, almost black, globose, up to 120 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia cylindrical, both ends obtuse, somewhat truncate, sometimes disarticulating into two cells, 6-8 (9) (2.2) µm. On dried leaves of Cerastium alpinum and C. cerastioides. Distribution: Europe (Norway). 95. Ascochyta silenes Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 5, 1889: 148 (holotype NY!). A. silenes Ellis & Everh. f. cerastii Sacc., Malpighia 17, 1903: 312. Pycnidia amphigenous on leaves and stems, scattered, semi-immersed, brownish, dark brown or almost black, on leaves globose or globose-depressed, up to 180 µm diam., with circular pore up to 20 µm diam., on stems lenticular or almost plane, often elongated along stems, up to µm diam., with a pore, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or slightly flexuous, not or sometimes very weakly constricted, µm, on stems often µm. On living leaves and stems of Cerastium arvense, Silene antirrhina, S. nutans and S. wallichiana. Distribution: Europe (Italy; USSR Leningrad Oblast ), Asia (USSR Altai Kraj, Kazakhstan), N. America (USA). 96. Ascochyta stellariae Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 18, 1896: 68 (isotype LEP!). Fig. 25, p. 68. Pycnidia epiphyllous, evenly scattered, immersed, pale brown, globose-depressed, up to 180 µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia broadly fusiform or cylindrical, both ends attenuated, but broadly rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On withering leaves of Stellaria graminea. Distribution: Europe (France). 97. Ascochyta viscariae Henn., Pilzfl. Christianias 1904: 30. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, black, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends obtuse, slightly constricted, µm. On dry stems of Viscaria viscosa. Distribution: Europe (Norway; USSR Kirov Oblast ). 68 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

69 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Celastraceae 98. Ascochyta evonymi Pass., Diagn. F. N. IV ( ): 11, non A. evonymi Oudem., Hedwigia 33, 1894: 33. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, black, with a papillate ostiole. Conidia lanceolate, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Evonymus europaeus. Distribution: Europe (Italy). 99. Ascochyta oudemansii Sacc. & Syd., Syll. Fung. 14, 1899: 947. A. evonymi Oudem., Hedwigia 33, 1894: 33, non A. evonymi Pass., Diagn. F. N. IV ( ): 11. Diplodina evonymi (Oudem.) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 686. Pycnidia erumpent, brown, almost globose, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, straight or slightly flexuous, µm or ellipsoidal and obovate, often irregular, µm. On twigs of Evonymus europaeus. Distribution: Europe (The Netherlands). Chenopodiaceae 100. Ascochyta betae Prill. & Delacr., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 7, 1891: 24. Fig. 26, p. 70. Pycnidia dark olivaceous, spherical, µm diam., with a circular pore, 15 µm diam., and papillate ostiole. Conidia ovate, fusiform, both ends blunt, straight, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Beta vulgaris. Distribution: Europe (France; USSR Orel Oblast ) Ascochyta chenopodiicola Pisareva, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 229. Diplodina chenopodii P. Karst., Hedwigia 24, 1885: 73 (holotype H!). A. chenopodii (P. Karst.) Died., Ann. Mycol. 10, 1912: 138, non A. chenopodii Rostr., Bot. Tidsskr. 26, 1905: 311. A. nebulosa Sacc. & Berl. var. foliicola Gonz. Frag., Deuteromyc. Esp. 1917: 20 (extr.). A. atriplicis Beeli, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 56, 1924: 67, non A. atriplicis Died., Ann. Mycol. 2, 1904: 380. A. chenopodii Rostr. var. emaculata Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 300, non valide publ., descr. angl. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered, immersed, yellowish brown to dark brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblongellipsoidal, sometimes biscuit-shaped, not or sometimes slightly constricted, sometimes with a dilute yellowish tinge, µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Atriplex spp. and Chenopodium spp. Distribution: Europe (generally distributed) Ascochyta salicorniae-patulae (Trotter) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 205. A. salicorniae Magnus var. salicorniae-patulae Trotter, Ann. Mycol. 3, 1905: 30. Pycnidia brown, globose, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, 1-septate, sometimes with a somewhat narrowed lower cell, not or slightly constricted, µm. On stems of Salicornia patula (= S. procumbens). Distribution: Europe (Germany). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

70 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 26. Conidia of Ascochyta betae ( 1000). Fig. 27. Conidia of Ascochyta compositarum ( 1000) Ascochyta boni-henrici Ranoj., Ann. Mycol. 12, 1914: 406. A. spinaciae Bond.-Mont., Bolezni Rast. 12, 1923: 71 (holotype LE!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, numerous, more or less aggregated, immersed, from pale to dark brown, globosedepressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, 6-12 (13.5) 2-4 µm. On living leaves of Atriplex sp., Chenopodium ambrosioides, Ch. bonus-henricus, Ch. foliosum, Ch. polyspermum, Spinacia oleracea. Distribution: Europe (USSR Orel Oblast, Voronezh Oblast ; Yugoslavia). Compositae 104. Ascochyta compositarum Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 19, 2, 1919: 659 (holotype UC!). A. compositarum Davis var. parva Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 19, 2, 1919: 700 (holotype UC!). Fig. 27, p. 70. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, semi-immersed, pale brown, up to 180 µm diam., with circular pore up to 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, sometimes almost foot-shaped, sometimes with an eccentric septum, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Aster drummondii, Eupatorium urticaefolium, Helianthus strumosus. Distribution: N. America (USA) Ascochyta doronici Allesch., Hedwigia 36, 1897: 162 (isotype LEP!). Phyllosticta cynarae Westend., Bull. Acad. R. Belg., Cl. Sci., Sér. 2, 2: ; also in Kickx, Flore Cryptogamique des Flandres 1: ; Sacc., Syll. Fung., 3, 1884: 45. Ph. lappae Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 151. Ph. rudbeckiae Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Sci. Nat. Philadelphia 1895: 430. A. doronici-caucasici K. S. Ivanov, Tr. Petersb. Obsch. Estestvoispyt. 30, 3, 1900: 11. A. zinnae Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 670 (isotypi LEP!). A. cryptostemmatis McAlpine, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales 1903: 95. A. adenostylis Kabát & Bubák, Ber. Naturwiss.-Med. Vereins Innsbruck 30, : 9 (extr.). Diplodina dahliae Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 4, 1906: 343. Phyllosticta taraxaci Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 5, 1907: 456. A. cynarae Maffei, Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia, ser. 2, 12, 1907: 10 (extr.). A. lappae Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 47, 1908: 357 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). A. cichorii Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 379. A. cynarae Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 381. A. cynarae (Westend.) H. Zimm., Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 52, 1913: 100. A. gerberae Maffei, Rivista Patol. Veget. 6, 1913: 258. A. lappae (Sacc.) Jaap, Ann. Mycol. 12, 1914: 26. A. homogynes Ranoj., Ann. Mycol. 12, 1914: 406. Gloeosporium lappae Dearn. & House, New York State Mus. Bull. 197, 1918: 30. A. lappae (Sacc.) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 18, 1920: 119. A. taraxaci (Hollós) Grove, J. Bot. 60, 1922: 48. A. artemisiae Bond.-Mont., Bolezni Rast. 70 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

71 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 12, 1923: 72 (holotype LE!). Diplodina lappae Picb., Práce Morav. Přír. Společn. 1, 5, 1924: 296 (holotype BRNM!). A. senecionicola Petr., Ann. Mycol. 22, 1924: 167 (holotype IMI! isotype PR!). A. petasidis Petr., Ann. Mycol. 23, 1925: 126 (isotypi LEP! PR!). A. cichorii Died. f. lampsanae Jacz. & Fokin, Bot. Mat. Inst. Spor. Rast. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4, 3, 1926: 40 (Note: lampsanae refers to the genus Lampsana, an accepted spelling of Lapsana at the time of publication). A. lappae Hollós, Math. Természett. Közlem. 35, 1, 1926: 15. A. albo-maculata Dobrozr., Bolezni Rast. 16, 1927: 201 (holotype LE!). A. dahliicola (Brunaud) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 25, 1927: 203, excl. basionymo (isotype LEP!). Diplodina cynarae Kill. & Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique Nord 19, 1928: 22. A. sternbergensis Petr., Ann. Mycol. 27, 1929: 393 (holotype IMI! isotype PR!). Diplodina lappae Morochk., Ukr. Bot. Zhurn , 1939: 323. D. matricariae Moesz & Smarods, Magyar Bot. Lapok 31, 1932: 40. A. carthami Khokhr., Tr. Vsesoyuzn. Inst. Maslitchn. Kul tur (VNIIMK) 1, 1934: 35 (holotype LEP!). A. matricariae (Moesz & Smarods) Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 40. A. latvica Syd., Ann. Mycol. 33, 1935: 380 (holotype LE!). A. calendulae Syd., Ann. Mycol. 33, 1935: 381. A. hortorum (Speg.) C. O. Sm. var. compositarum Malençon, Rev. Mycol. (Paris) 1, 1936: A. coreopsidis Moesz & Smarods, Bot. Közlem. 34, 1937: 3 (isotype LE!). A. bubakiana Picb., Ann. Mycol. 35, 1937: 142 (holotype BRNM!). A. chariedis Novos., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 4, 10-12, 1938: 38. A. helianthi I. N. Abramov, Bolezni sel skokhoz. rast. Dal nego Vostoka 1938: 255, non valide publ., descr. ross. A. rudbeckiae Bond.- Mont., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 4, 10-12, 1938: 42. A. taraxaci I. E. Brezhnev, Uch. Zap. Leningr. Univ. 28, ser. Biol., 7, 1939: 178. A. hieraciicola Moesz & Smarods, Bot. Közlem. 38, 1941: 71 (isotypi LE! Pribalt. filial VIZR!). A. moeszii Smarods, Bot. Közlem. 39, 1942: 190. A. echinopis Bond.-Mont., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 5, 1945: 161 (holotype LE!). A. rudbeckiae (Ellis & Everh.) H. C. Greene, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 41, 3, 1949: 753. A. rhagadioli Khokhr., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 7, 1951: 146 (holotype LEP!). A. baumgartneri Petr., Sydowia 9, 1955: 578. A. rudbeckiae (Ellis & Everh.) H. C. Greene f. diplodina H. Ruppr., Sydowia 11, 1957: 425, non valide publ., descr. germ. A. kuhniae H. C. Greene, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 53, 1964: 195. A. agerati Nelen, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1966: 220 (holotype LE). A. xanthiicola Nelen, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1966: 220 (holotype LE!). A. balsamita Tasl., Mikol. i Fitopat. 1, 1, 1967: 112 (holotype EGU!). A. mulgedii Cejp & Zavřel, Zprávy Vlastiv. Ústavu v Olomouci 141, 1969: 13 (holotype PRC!). A. adenocaulonis Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1970: 243 (holotype LE! isotype MW!). Fig. 28, p. 72. Pycnidia on leaves (predominantly on the upper side), fruits, seeds and stems, scattered or sometimes aggregated and often confluent, at first immersed, later erumpent, pale to dark brown and almost black (especially on stems), globose-depressed or lentiform, up to 200 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, above all very conspicuous on light brown pycnidia; on stems pycnidia sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall more or less thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblongellipsoidal, some almost ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, sometimes with one slightly attenuated end, straight or sometimes slightly bent, not or somewhat constricted, (6) 7-12 (13) 2-4 µm. On leaves, stems, fruits, and seeds predominantly on living plants of Adenocaulon, Adenostylis, Ageratum, Artemisia, Calendula, Carthamus, Centaurea, Charies, Cichorium, Coreopsis, Cynara, Crypostemma, Dahlia, Doronicum, Echinops, Gerbera, Helianthus, Hieracium, Homogyne, Hypochoeris, Kuhnia, Lapsana, Lappa, Matricaria, Mulgedium, Petasites, Pyrethrum, Rhagadiolus, Rudbeckia, Senecio, Stokesia, Taraxacum, Xanthium, Zinnia. Distribution: circumglobal Ascochyta greenei Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. A. solidaginis H. C. Greene, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 49, 1960: 105, non A. solidaginis (Schwein. ex Fr.) Starbäck, Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. 19, 3, 1893: 84, nec A. solidaginis (Thüm.) Keissl., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 29, 2, 1912: 422. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, brown, almost globose, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical, (6) µm. On living leaves of Solidago altissima. Distribution: N. America (USA). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

72 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 28. Conidia of Ascochyta doronici ( 1000). Fig. 29. Conidia of Ascochyta ligulariae ( 1000) Ascochyta ligulariae Kalymb., Tr. Inst. Bot. AN KazSSR 13, 1962: 274 (holotype AA!). Fig. 29, p. 72. Pycnidia epiphyllous, numerous, scattered or aggregated, immersed, brown or dark brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with an irregularly circular pore. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, cylindrical-fusiform, sometimes almost ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or bent, sometimes irregular, constricted, µm. On living leaves of Ligularia heterophylla, L. macrophylla, L. persica. Distribution: Asia (USSR Kazakhstan, Kirghizia). This species reaches high altitudes; in Kazakhstan it was found at 1700 m alt., in Kirghizia at 2000 m alt Ascochyta lorentzii Speg., Fungi Arg. Pug. 3: no Pycnidia not numerous, immersed, olivaceous brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a small pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal, with slightly blunt ends, not or only slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Cnicothamnus lorentzii. Distribution: South America (Argentina) Ascochyta schelliana Thüm., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 12, 1880: 199. Pycnidia amphigenous and on stems, numerous, aggregated, immersed, black, globose-depressed, large. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, µm. On withering leaves and stems of Chartolepis glastifolia (= Centaurea glastifolia). Distribution: Europe (Italy) Ascochyta sonchi (Sacc.) Grove, J. Bot. 40, 1922: 48. Phyllosticta sonchi Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 141. A. millefolii Oudem., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Pays-Bas 14, 1892: 44. Diplodina millefolii (Oudem.) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 676. A. cirsii Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 379. Diplodina cirsii Grove, J. Bot. 56, 1918: 317. A. inulae (Allesch. & Syd.) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 19, 1921: 23, excl. basionymo. A. inulicola Petr., Ann. Mycol. 19, 1921: 23. A. zavrelii-ignatii Picb., Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 68, 1937: 41 (holotype BRNM!). A. ligulariae Sawada, Rep. Gov. Res. Inst. Formosa 85, 1943: 71, non valide publ., descr. jap. A. petrakii Sandu & Mititiuc, Sydowia 20, (1966) 1968: 171 (holotype I!). Fig. 30, p. 76. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, somewhat erumpent, sometimes immersed, pale to dark brown and almost black, globose-depressed, up to 200 (250) µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin, on stems somewhat thicker. Conidia ellipsoidal, oblong-ellipsoidal, ovate, more rarely almost cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, (6) 8-10 (2) 3-4 (5) µm. 72 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

73 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species On living leaves and dry stems of Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, C. heterophyllum, Galinsoga parviflora, Inula britannica, I. conyza, Ligularia tussilaginea var. formosana, Onopordon acanthium, Sonchus oleraceus. Distribution: Europe (generally distributed), Asia (USSR Primorskij Kraj; Japan) Ascochyta tussilaginis Oudem., Hedwigia 37, 1898: 178. Darluca tussilaginis (Oudem.) Oudem., Cat. Rais. Champ. Pays-Bas 1905: 442. A. scorzonerae Rostr., Bot. Tidsskr. 26, 1905: 312. Diplodina sonchi Henn., Hedwigia 45, 1906: 32. Gloeosporium sonchi Rostr., Bot. Tidsskr. 26, 1905: 312. A. sonchi Lobik, Bolezni Rast. 17, (1928) 1929: 174. A. sonchi (Henn.) Syd., Ann. Mycol. 27, 1929: 121. Diplodina sonchicola Ade in Petr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 62, 3, 1929: 151 (isotype PR!). A. sonchi (Rostr.) Arx, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect. 51, 3, 1957: 136. A. carthami Nevod. ex Pisareva, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 285. Diplodina scorzonerae Byzova, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 326. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous and on stems, scattered or somewhat aggregated, on stems more evenly scattered, semi-immersed, pale to dark brown, on stems almost black, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., on stems oval, elongated along the stem axis, with a circular pore, on stems often with a small papillate ostiole. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal or slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes somewhat flexuous, not or slightly constricted, 8-15 (18) 3-4 (4.5) µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Carthamus tinctorius, Scorzonera hispanica, S. humilis, S. inconspicua, Scorzonera sp., Sonchus arvensis, S. asperus, S. leptocephalus, S. oleraceus, S. palustris, Tussilago farfara. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia; Denmark; Germany; Spain; The Netherlands; UK; USSR Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Orel Oblast, Perm Oblast ), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan). Convolvulaceae 112. Ascochyta calystegiae Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 165. A. carpogena Sacc., Michelia 2, 1880: 109. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on the entire surface of stems, evenly scattered, immersed, yellowish-brown or brown, predominantly lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some ellipsoidal or slightly oval, not constricted or constricted, µm. On dry stems, petioles, fruits, and living leaves of Convolvulus arvensis, C. sepium, Ipomoea batatas, I. purpurea (= Pharbis hispida). Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; France; Germany; Italy; UK; USSR Estonia, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Voronezh Oblast ), Asia (USSR Armenia) Ascochyta kleinii Bubák, Növenyt. Közlem. 4, 1907: 31 (extr.). Pycnidia immersed, yellow-ochraceous, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a small papillate ostiole and a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, µm. On living leaves of Calystegia (Convolvulus) sepium. Distribution: Europe (Hungary). Crassulaceae 114. Ascochyta cotyledonis H. Zimm., Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 47, : 36 (holotype PR!). Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, numerous, in more or less regular concentric circles, immersed, rusty, globose, µm diam., with a rounded pore, 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not or weakly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Cotyledon gibbiflora. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

74 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia) Ascochyta telephii Vestergr., Förh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Öfvers. 1, 1897: 41. A. sedipurpurei Rothers, Zashchita Rast. 6, 1929: 263 (ut Ascochyta (Stagonosporopsis) sedi-purpurei Rothers), (holotype LE! isotype LEP!). Fig. 31, p. 76. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, from yellowish-brown to dark brown, almost black, globose, (75) µm diam., with a circular pore, 25 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight of slightly bent, not constricted, (7) (5) µm. On living leaves of Sedum aizoon, S. maximum, S. purpureum, S. telephium. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Norway; Sweden; USSR Arkhangelsk Oblast, Latvia). Cruciferae 116. Ascochyta cakiles H. Ruppr., Sydowia 13, 1959: 15. Pycnidia immersed, yellowish brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a pore, up to 24 µm diam. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or subfusiform, both ends blunt, straight, sometimes flexuous, µm. On dry stems and fruits of Cakile maritima. Distribution: Europe (USSR Latvia) Ascochyta cheiranthi Bres., Hedwigia 39, 1900: 326. A. hesperidis Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 385. A. oleracea J. W. Ellis, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 5, 1916: 229 (holotype K!). A. brassicaerapae Bond.-Mont., Bolezni Rast. 12, 1923: 71 (holotype LE!). A. crambes Novos., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 4, 10-12, 1938: 39, non A. crambes Byzova, Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. AN KazSSR 2, 1964: 90. A. rorippae Dejeva, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 239 (holotype AA!). Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, also on seeds and dry stems, scattered, sometimes aggregated, semiimmersed or immersed, yellow, honey-coloured, rusty, brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, on stems sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, sometimes both ends somewhat blunt, straight or slightly bent, not or very weakly constricted, (6) µm. On living leaves, seeds, and dry stems of Brassica campestris, B. oleracea, B. rapa, Cheiranthus cheiri, Crambe tatarica, Hesperis matrionalis, Rorippa palustris. Distribution: Europe (Germany; UK; USSR Leningrad Oblast, Orel Oblast ), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan) Ascochyta dentariae I. E. Brezhnev, Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 7, 1951: 186 (holotype LGU!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, also hypophyllous, evenly scattered, immersed, pale brown to dark brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or almost fusiform, with somewhat attenuated, rounded ends, straight, sometimes slightly bent, somewhat constricted, 9-12 (15) µm. On living leaves of Dentaria quinquefolia. Distribution: Europe (USSR Belgorod Oblast ). 74 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

75 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 119. Ascochyta lepidii Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 6, 1908: 531. A. sinapis Rodigin, Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 11, 1956: 165. A. brassicae-campestris Sawada, Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 105, 1958: 51, non valide publ. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, immersed, dark brown or almost black, globose or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, not constricted, (16) 3-4 (5) µm. On living leaves of Brassica campestris var. peckinensis, Lepidium ruderalis, Sinapis alba. Distribution: Europe (Hungary; USSR Bashkiria, Voronezh Oblast ), Asia (Japan) Ascochyta matthiolae Oudem., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Pays-Bas 16, 1898: 69. A. rusticana Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 50, 1910: 41 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or sometimes aggregated, semi-immersed or immersed, pale to dark brown or almost black, globose-depressed or lentiform, (270) µm diam., with a circular pore, 30 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly flexuous, not or slightly constricted, (21) µm. On living leaves of Armoracia rusticana and Matthiola incana. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; The Netherlands) Ascochyta pachyphragmae Lobik, Bolezni Rast. 17, 1928: 174 (holotype LE!). A. lunariae Syd., Ann. Mycol. 33, 1935: 279 (isotypi K! LE!). Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, immersed, pale brown, globose or globosedepressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, sometimes ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, not constricted, (15) (5) µm. On living leaves of Lunaria rediviva and Pachyphragma macrophylla. Distribution: Europe (Germany; USSR Krasnodar Kraj). Cucurbitaceae 122. Ascochyta elaterii Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 166. Pycnidia aggregated, immersed, at first yellowish, later darkened, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with pore. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, not or slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Momordica elaterium. Distribution: Europe (Italy). Cyperaceae 123. Ascochyta caricicola Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. A. caricis Lambotte & Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 19, 1897: 141, non A. caricis Fuckel, Symb. Mycol. 1869: 386, nec A. caricis W. B. Cooke & C. G. Shaw, Mycologia 44, 1952: 799. A. sodalis Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 322. A. caricis-arenariae Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1967: 272. Fig. 32, p. 76. Pycnidia epiphyllous, aggregated, immersed, dark brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with an obscure pore, up to 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or narrow-fusiform, ends slightly attenuated, not constricted, (9.7) (2.5) µm. On living and dry leaves of Carex spp. Distribution: Europe (Denmark; France; UK; USSR Estonia, Ukraine), Asia (USSR Krasnoyarsk Kraj). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

76 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 30. Conidia of Ascochyta sonchi ( 1000). Fig. 31. Conidia of Ascochyta telephii ( 1000). Fig. 32. Conidia of Ascochyta caricicola ( 1000) Ascochyta caricina Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. A. caricis W. B. Cooke & C. G. Shaw, Mycologia 44, 1952: 799, non A. caricis Fuckel, Symb. Mycol. 1869: 386, nec A. caricis Lambotte & Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 19, 1897: 141. Fig. 33, p. 77. Pycnidia spread along leaf veins, immersed, dark brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with an indistinct pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, with attenuated rounded ends or narrowly fusiform, straight or slightly bent, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Carex spp. Distribution: N. America (USA) Ascochyta decipiens Trail, Scott. Naturalist (Perth) 4, 1889: 71. Diplodina decipiens (Trail) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 688. A. graminicola Sacc. var. tokioensis Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Univ. Siena 3, 1900: 55. Pycnidia immersed, dark brown, globose-depressed, about 120 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal, not constricted, µm. On leaves and culms of Fimbrystilis tokioensis and Heleocharis palustris. Distribution: Europe (UK), Asia (Japan) Ascochyta socialis Sacc., Michelia 2, 1880: 108. Pycnidia aggregated, immersed, lentiform, 100 µm diam. Conidia fusiform, constricted, µm. On decaying leaves, belonging to the Cyperaceae (Carex?), in a river. Distribution: Europe (France). Dioscoreaceae 127. Ascochyta dioscoreae Syd., Ann. Mycol. 14, 1916: 195. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, pale brown, about 250 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 75 µm diam. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends broadly rounded, µm. On leaves of Dioscorea sp. Distribution: Asia (India) Ascochyta tami Hollós, Math. Természett. Közlem. 35, 1, 1926: 16. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Tamus communis. Distribution: Europe (Hungary). 76 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

77 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 33. Conidia of Ascochyta caricina ( 1000). Fig. 34. Conidia of Ascochyta heveae (after Saccas, 1953). Dipsacaceae 129. Ascochyta dipsaci Bubák, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 23, 1909: 104. Phyllosticta dipsaci Briard & Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 15, 1893: 22. A. scabiosae Petr., Ann. Mycol. 25, 1927: 230 (isotypi LEP! PR!). A. dipsaci Bubák f. diplodina H. Ruppr., Sydowia 11, 1958: 424, non valide publ., descr. germ. Pycnidia epiphyllous, more or less evenly scattered, immersed, pale brown or yellowish brown, globosedepressed, up to 180 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, on stems pycnidia with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, some slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, 6-10 (12) µm. On living leaves and stems of Dipsacus spp. and Scabiosa caucasica. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia; France; USSR Latvia), Asia (USSR Armenia, Georgia). Euphorbiaceae 130. Ascochyta heveae Petch, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Peradeniya) 6, 3, 1917: 236 (holotype K!). A. aleuritidis Saccas & Drouillon, Agron. Trop. (Nogent-sur-Marne) 6, 5-6, 1951: 242. A. aleuritidis Khokhr., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 7, 1951: 146. Fig. 34, p. 77. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, dark brown or almost black, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a small circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, sometimes compressed in the middle, both ends rounded, sometimes blunt, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, not constricted, (3) µm. On living leaves of Aleurites fordii (= A. caudata) and Hevea brasiliensis. Distribution: Asia (Sri Lanka; USSR Georgia), Equatorial Africa Ascochyta heveana Saccas, Agron. Trop. (Nogent-sur-Marne) 8, 2, 1953: 182. Fig. 35, p. 78. Pycnidia amphigenous, scattered, in concentric rings, immersed, brownish, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, and with a short papillate ostiole. Conidia cylindrical, oval-cylindric or oval, with blunt ends, straight or slightly flexuous, with a central or eccentric septum, µm, average µm. On living leaves of Hevea brasiliensis. Distribution: Equatorial Africa. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

78 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 35. Conidia of Ascochyta heveana (after Saccas, 1953). Fig. 36. Conidia of Ascochyta fagi ( 1000) Ascochyta mercurialis Bres., Hedwigia 39, 1900: 326 (isotype WRSL!). A. ricinella Sacc. & Scalia, Fl. Mycol. Lus. 12, 1903: 10 (holotype PAD!). A. mercurialis Bres. var. autumnalis Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 50, 1910: 40. A. tragiae Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 20, 1910: 365. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, also on stems, scattered, sometimes aggregated, often 2-3 pycnidia confluent, immersed, pale to dark brown, globose, globose-depressed or lentiform, (80) µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin, on stems somewhat thicker. Conidia predominantly cylindrical, some oblongellipsoidal and somewhat clavate, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, not constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Mercurialis annua, M. perennis, Ricinus communis, Tragia geraniifolia. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Portugal; USSR Krasnodar Kraj, Latvia, Ukraine, Voronezh Oblast ), South America (Argentina). Fagaceae 133. Ascochyta fagi Woron., Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 28, 1913: 22 (holotype GruzIZR! isotypi LE! LEP! OSKhI!). Fig. 36, p. 78. Pycnidia amphigenous, not numerous, immersed, dark brown, globose and globose-depressed, up to 100 µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia broadly fusiform, both ends tapered, straight, not or slightly constricted, (13) µm. On living leaves of Fagus orientalis. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia) Ascochyta quercus Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1, 1878: 162. Fig. 37, p. 80. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, pale to dark brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends broadly rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Quercus spp. Distribution: Europe (Hungary; Italy; USSR Kursk Oblast, Stavropol Kraj; Ukraine, Voronezh Oblast ), Asia (USSR Armenia, Georgia). Gentianaceae 135. Ascochyta chlorae Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1, 1878: 163. Pycnidia scattered, pale dirty-brown, globose-lentiform, µm diam., with a small pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends somewhat acutate, slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Chlora serotina (= Ch. perfoliata). Distribution: Europe (Italy). 78 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

79 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 136. Ascochyta fraserae Ellis & Everh., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24, 1897: 289. A. fraserae Sacc., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 27, 1920: 82. A. frasericola Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1971: 211 (ut A. fraseriicola Melnik). Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous and on stems, scattered, semi-immersed, pale yellow-brown to brown or almost black (especially on stems), globose or globose-depressed, (300) µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, slightly attenuated, straight or sometimes somewhat flexuous, not or slightly constricted, (26) 3-5 µm. On living leaves and stems of Frasera fastigiata and F. speciosa. Distribution: N. America (USA). Geraniaceae 137. Ascochyta geraniicola Siemaszko, Arch. Nauk Biol. Towarz. Nauk. Warszawsk. 1, 14, 1923: 32. Pycnidia amphigenous, immersed, 160 µm diam., with a pore, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical, straight or slightly bent, often irregular, µm. On living leaves of Geranium sylvaticum. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia). Gramineae 138. Ascochyta agrostidis Polozova, Mikol. i Fitopat. 3, 2, 1969: 189 (holotype LSKhI!). A. graminicola Sacc. var. hispanica Gonz. Frag., Mem. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 11, 1919: 117. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, black, globose-depressed, sometimes linearly elongated along leaf veins, up to µm in size, with circular pore, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole, erumpent through epidermis. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia fusiform, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Agrostis alba and Holcus lanatus. Distribution: Europe (Spain; USSR Leningrad Oblast ) Ascochyta antarctica Henn., Deutsche Südpolar-Exped. 8, 1906: 13 (extr.). A. stipae Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 385. Pycnidia scattered, semi-immersed, brown, globose-depressed or almost lentiform, µm diam., with a pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or subcylindrical, both ends blunt, straight or flexuous, slightly constricted, (24) 6-8 µm. On leaves and dry culms of Poa cookei and Stipa capillata. Distribution: Europe (Germany), Antarctica Ascochyta bambusicola Cif. & Gonz. Frag., Publ. Estac. Agron. Haina, ser. B, Bot. 4, 1926: 6. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, black, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore and with a small papillate ostiole. Conidia ovate, both ends rounded and narrowed, µm. On leaves of plants from Bambusoideae. Distribution: Central America (Dominican Republic). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

80 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 37. Conidia of Ascochyta quercus ( 1000). Fig. 38. Conidia of Ascochyta calamagrostidis ( 1000) Ascochyta brachypodii (Syd.) R. Sprague & Aar. G. Johnson, Mycologia 42, 1950: 537. A. graminicola Sacc. var. brachypodii Trail, Scott. Naturalist (Perth) 3, 1887: 88. Diplodina brachypodii Syd., Ann. Mycol. 14, 1916: 246 (isotype PR!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, more or less aggregated, immersed, black-brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia broadly fusiform, both ends blunt, sometimes one end somewhat attenuated, not constricted or constricted, µm. On living and dry leaves of Brachypodium sylvaticum. Distribution: Europe (Germany) Ascochyta calamagrostidis Brunaud, Mat. Mycol. Saint. 1887: 25. Diplodina calamagrostidis (Brunaud) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 681. A. graminicola Sacc. var. diedickeana Baudyš & Picb., Práce Morav. Přír. Společn. 3, 2, Sign. F. 22, 1926: 29 (holotype BRNM!). A. graminicola Sacc. var. festucae Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 323, non valide publ., descr. angl. (holotype K!). Fig. 38, p. 80. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, black, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin, brittle. Conidia cylindrical, with attenuated rounded ends, or subellipsoidal, often with one more attenuated end, straight and slightly flexuous, slightly or not constricted, µm. On living leaves and culms of Bromus tectorum, Calamagrostis sp., Festuca ovina. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; France; UK) Ascochyta cynodontis Unamuno, Bol. R. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 29, 1929: 398. Pycnidia hypophyllous, scattered, sometimes 2 pycnidia confluent, immersed, dark brown, globosedepressed, µm, with a small pore, µm diam. Conidia ellipsoidal, straight or slightly flexuous, not constricted, µm. On dry leaves of Cynodon dactylon. Distribution: Europe (Spain) Ascochyta desmazieri Cavara, Z. Pflanzenkrankh. 3, 1893: 21. Septoria graminum Pass. var. lolii Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2, 19, 1842: 339. Phoma lolii Pass., Hedwigia 26, 1887: 26 (isotype LE!). Diplodina lolii H. Zimm., Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 52, 1913: 101 (holotype PR!). A. loliii (H. Zimm.) R. Sprague & Aar. G. Johnson, Pl. Dis. Rep., Suppl. 137, 1942: 141. Fig. 39, p. 81. Pycnidia more or less aggregated, immersed, brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry spikelets of Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. Distribution: Europe (Austria; France; Italy; Sweden), N. America (USA). 80 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

81 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 39. Conidia of Ascochyta desmazieri (after Sprague & Johnson, 1950). Fig. 40. Conidia of Ascochyta ducis-aprutii ( 1000) Ascochyta ducis-aprutii Mattir., Osserv. scient. durante spedit. polare S. A. R. Amedeo di Savoia, duca degli Abruzzi, Milano, 1903: Diplodina arctica Lind, Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiania, Math.- Naturvidensk. Kl. 9, 1909: 14. A. poae-badensis Picb., Sborn. Vysok. Škol. Zeměděl v Brno, Sign. D, 18, 1931: 22 (holotype BRNM!). Fig. 40, p. 81. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or 2-3 pycnidia aggregated, immersed, dark brown or black, globose or globose-depressed, up to 200 µm diam., with circular a pore, up to 35 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia cylindrical, with attenuated ends, almost foot-shaped, straight, sometimes very weakly bent, constricted or only slightly constricted, (24) (11.5) µm. On living and dry leaves of Alopecurus alpinus, A. alpinus f. mutica, Poa badensis, P. cenica, Poa sp. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; USSR Leningrad Oblast ), Asia (USSR Krasnoyarsk Kraj Taimyr Peninsula), Antarctica, Arctica Ascochyta ischaemi Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 164. A. graminicola Sacc. f. stipae Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 13, 1881: 10 (isotype K!). A. graminicola Sacc. f. sudeticae Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 15, 1893: 110, errore ut A. graminella Sacc. f. sudeticae Fautrey (isotype LEP!). A. graminicola Sacc. f. glyceriae Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 15, 1893: 15 (isotype LEP!). A. arundinariae Tassi, Atti Reale Accad. Fisiocrit. Siena, 4 ser., 8, 1896: 65. Diplodina butleri Died., Ann. Mycol. 14, 1916: 195. A. graminicola Sacc. var. catalaunica Gonz. Frag., Fl. Microm. Catal. 1917: 132. A. zeae G. L. Stout, Mycologia 22, 1930: 272. Diplodina pannonica Petr., Sydowia 1, 1947: 139. A. sporoboli E. Castell. & Graniti in Graniti, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 57, 1950: 255. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous and on culms, scattered or aggregated, often arranged in line, immersed, from honey-coloured to brown and dark brown, sometimes black, globose-depressed and widely ellipsoid in outline, up to 250 µm in size, with a circular pore, up to 30 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin or thick, often brittle, carbonaceous. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or fusiform, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, (16) 3-4 µm. On leaves and culms of Andropogon ischaemum, Arundinaria falcata, Brachypodium phenicioidis, Glyceria spectabilis, Poa chaixii (= P. sudetica), Sesleria varia, Stipa pennata, Sporobolus affinis, S. ruspolianum, Zea mays. Distribution: circumglobal. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

82 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 41. Conidia of Ascochyta maydis (after Stout, 1930). Fig. 42. Conidia of Ascochyta melicae ( 1000) Ascochyta maydis G. L. Stout, Mycologia 22, 1930: 271. A. digraphidis Polozova, Mikol. i Fitopat. 3, 2, 1969: 190 (holotype LSKhI!). Fig. 41, p. 82. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered, often between leaf veins, immersed, dark brown or black, globose or lentiform, up to 100 µm diam., with circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or fusiform, both ends somewhat acutate, straight, slightly constricted, (11) (5) µm. On living and dry leaves of Digraphis arundinaceae, Holcus lanatus, Zea mays. Distribution: Europe (France; USSR Leningrad Oblast, Stavropol Kraj), N. America (USA) Ascochyta melicae (Died.) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. Diplodina melicae Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 405. A. anthoxanthi Kalymb., Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 218 (holotype AA!). Fig. 42, p. 82. Pycnidia amphigenous and on culms, scattered, spread along leaf veins, apex erumpent, pale to dark brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or fusiform, both ends somewhat attenuated, sometimes one end more attenuated and then conidia bullet-shaped, straight or sometimes somewhat flexuous, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry culms of Anthoxanthum alpinum, Melica nutans. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Norway), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan) Ascochyta phleina R. Sprague, Mycologia 40, 1948: 181. Pycnidia more or less aggregated, immersed, from golden brown to brown, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends somewhat attenuated and rounded, straight, not constricted, (18) µm. On living and withering leaves of Phleum pratense. Distribution: Europe (USSR Leningrad Oblast ), N. America (USA) Ascochyta sesleriae C. Massal., Atti Reale Ist. Veneto 74, 2, 1914: 251. Diplodina sesleriae Moesz, Bot. Közlem. 14, 1915: 153. Stagonospora subseriata (Desm.) Sacc. var. franconica Petr., Krypt. Forsch. Bayer. Bot. Ges. Erforsch. Fl. II, 2, 1931: 112. Macrodiplodina sesleriae (C. Massal.) Petr., Sydowia 15, (1961) 1962: 190. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, subepidermic, black, globose or subglobose, µm diam., with a circular pore and erumpent papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or fusiform, both ends rounded, straight or slightly flexuous, not or slightly constricted, (50) 8-10 (14) µm. 82 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

83 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species On leaves of Sesleria barcensis, S. coerulea, S. sudensis, S. heufleriana. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Germany; Hungary; Italy) Ascochyta sorghi Sacc., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 7, 1875: 302. A. graminicola Sacc. var. leptospora Trail, Scott. Naturalist (Perth) 3, 1887: 88. A. cenchricola Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 26, 1914: 130. A. elymi Tehon & E. Y. Daniels, Mycologia 19, 1927: 124 (holotype NY!). A. alopecuri Polozova, Mikol. i Fitopat. 3, 2, 1969: 188 (holotype LSKhI!). Pycnidia on leaves and culms, predominantly in lines along veins, immersed, pale to dark brown and black, subglobose or oblong, elliptical in outline, (60) µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or fusiform, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry culms of Agropyron repens, Alopecurus pratensis, Cenchrum echinatum, Elymus canadensis, Psamma arenaria, Sorghum vulgare. Distribution: Europe (Italy; UK; USSR Leningrad Oblast ), N. America (USA), Africa (Senegal) Ascochyta sorghina Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 167 (holotype PAD!). Fig. 43, p. 84. Pycnidia epiphyllous, extremely numerous, evenly scattered, dense, sometimes aggregated and 2-3 pycnidia confluent, semi-immersed or more often almost superficial, black, globose, globose-conical or globosedepressed, up to 200 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia cylindrical, clavate, oval, oblong-ellipsoidal, straight or flexuous, sometimes irregular, constricted, rarely somewhat constricted, (9) µm. On living leaves of Sorghum halepense, S. sudanense, S. vulgare. Distribution: Europe (Italy), Asia (India; USSR Georgia), N. America (USA). The extremely numerous superficial pycnidia represent the most characteristic feature of this fungus, which cause a rough surface. Sprague & Johnson (1950) described this disease from the USA as rough spot Ascochyta tragi Cruchet, Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat. 44, 1909: 475. A. sasae Hara, Publ. Nippon Fungol. Soc. 3-4, 1931: 110. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, immersed, black, carbonaceous, subglobose or conical, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oval or oblong-oval, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly flexuous, µm. On leaves of Pseudosasa speculosa and Tragus racemosus. Distribution: Europe (Switzerland), Asia (Japan) Ascochyta zeicola Ellis & Everh., Proc. Acad. Sci. Nat. Philadelphia 1895: 433 (holotype NY!). A. diedickei Staritz, Hedwigia 53, 1913: 162. A. stipae Gonz. Frag., Asoc. Esp. Progr. Ci. Congr. Oporto. VI Ci. Nat. 21 Junio 1921, 1921: 46. A. sacchari Bat., Bol. Agric. Pernambuco 13, 1946: 58 (isotype URNM!), non valide publ., descr. portug. A. sacchari Bat. ex Melnik, Mikol. i Fitopat. 6, 2, 1972: 161. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous and on culms, sometimes aggregated, immersed, later leaf tissue decaying and pycnidia becoming superficial, dark brown or black, globose-depressed or lentiform, sometimes linearly elongated along leaf veins, (250) µm diam., with a pore. Pycnidial wall often almost carbonaceous. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or fusiform, both ends attenuated, predominantly straight, constricted or slightly constricted, sometimes with a faintly yellowish tinge, (4) µm. On leaves and culms of Glyceria aquatica, Saccharum officinarum, Stipa tenacissima, Zea mays. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Spain), N. America (USA), South America (Brazil). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

84 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 43. Conidia of Ascochyta sorghina ( 1000). Fig. 44. Conidia of Ascochyta akselae ( 1000) Ascochyta zeina Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 165. Pycnidia epiphyllous, aggregated, dark brown, lentiform, with a pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Zea mays. Distribution: Europe (Italy). Hippocastanaceae 156. Ascochyta grandimaculans Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 46, 1907: 291 (isotypi LE! LEP!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, brown or dark brown, globose or slightly depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Aesculus hippocastanum. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia). Hydrocharitaceae 157. Ascochyta akselae Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1979: 247. Phyllosticta aloidis Oudem., Ned. Kruidkr. Arch., ser. 3, 2, 742. A. aloidis (Oudem.) Aksel, Tr. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR, ser. 2, 11, 1956: 83, sine basionymo compl., non valide publ. A. aloidis H. Ruppr., Sydowia 11, (1957) 1958: 424. Fig. 44, p. 84. Pycnidia amphigenous, more or less aggregated, immersed, yellowish-brown, globose-depressed, µm diam. or ellipsoidal in plane, µm, with circular pore up to 12 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends broadly rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Stratiotes aloides. Distribution: Europe (Germany; The Netherlands; USSR Latvia) Ascochyta kirulisii H. Ruppr., Sydowia 13, 1959: 15. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, sometimes aggregated or in obscure concentric circles, immersed, light yellowish brown, globose-depressed or elliptical in outline, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., and papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, both ends broadly rounded, straight, very rarely slightly bent, not constricted, (15) 3-4 µm. On living leaves of Hydrocharis morsus-ranae. Distribution: Europe (USSR Latvia). 84 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

85 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 45. Conidia of Ascochyta hydrophylli ( 1000). Fig. 46. Conidia of Ascochyta caryae ( 1000). Hydrophyllaceae 159. Ascochyta hydrophylli R. Sprague & F. D. Bailey, Mycologia 29, 1937: 428 (holotype NY!). Fig. 45. Pycnidia epiphyllous, inconspicuous, scattered, immersed, sometimes erumpent and becoming superficial, pale brown, globose, µm, with an indistinct pore, up to 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly bent, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Hydrophyllum tenuipes. Distribution: N. America (USA) Ascochyta hydrophylli-virginiani H. C. Greene, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 41, 1949: 720. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, inconspicuous, pale olivaceous, subglobose, µm diam., with a pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, µm. On living leaves of Hydrophyllum virginianum. Distribution: N. America (USA). Juglandaceae 161. Ascochyta caryae H. C. Greene, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 53, 1964: 194 (holotype WIS!). Fig. 46. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, inconspicuous, immersed, yellowish brown, subglobose, µm diam., with a small circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, not constricted, (6.5) (10) (2.8) 3-4 (4.5) µm. On living leaves of Carya ovata. Distribution: N. America (USA) Ascochyta juglandis Boltsh., Z. Pflanzenkrankh. 8, 1898: 263. Pycnidia epiphyllous, not numerous, very inconspicuous, immersed, olivaceous or dark brown, globose, (160) diam., with a circular pore, up to 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, slightly constricted, 8-15 (3) 4-5 µm. On living leaves of Juglans manchurica, J. regia, Pterocarya sorbifolia. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Germany; UK), Asia (USSR Azerbajdzhan, Georgia, Primorskij Kraj), N. America (USA). Juncaceae 163. Ascochyta luzulicola R. Sprague, Res. Stud. State Univ. Wash. 30, 1962: 172. Fig. 47, p. 86. Pycnidia widely scattered, erumpent, brown, globose, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical, often some conidia wider in the middle and almost ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, µm. Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

86 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. On dry leaves of Luzula parviflora. Distribution: N. America (USA Alaska) Ascochyta paucisporula R. Sprague, Res. Stud. State Univ. Wash. 30, 1962: 171. Pycnidia arranged in a line, dark brown, globose, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical, µm. On living leaves of Luzula divaricata, L. piperi. Distribution: N. America (USA) Ascochyta teretiuscula Sacc. & Roum., Michelia 2, 1882: 662 (isotypi K! LEP!). Diplodina teretiuscula (Sacc. & Roum.) Died., Ann. Mycol. 10, 1912: 140. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered, sometimes confluent, immersed, black, globose or slightly depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall more or less thick, persistent. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not or sometimes very weakly constricted, (15) µm. On living and dry leaves and stems of Luzula campestris, L. pedemontana, L. pilosa, L. silvatica. Distribution: Europe (Denmark; France; Germany; UK; USSR Arkhangelsk Oblast, Estonia, Karelia, Kirov Oblast, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Perm Oblast ), N. America (USA). Iridaceae 166. Ascochyta gladioli Traverso & Spessa, Bol. Soc. Brot. 25, 1910: 180. Pycnidia aggregated, immersed, slightly erumpent, dark brown, globose-depressed, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical-bacilliform, straight or slightly bent, not constricted, µm. On dry stems of Gladiolus cardinalis. Distribution: Europe (Portugal) Ascochyta iridis Oudem., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Pays-Bas 13, 1889: 46. A. pseudacori Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 647. Diplodina iridis Pass., J. Hist. Nat. Bordeaux 1885: 136. Fig. 48, p. 86. Pycnidia scattered, initially subepidermal, later erumpent, black, small. Conidia fusiform or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Iris pseudacorus. Distribution: Europe (France; The Netherlands). Fig. 47. Conidia of Ascochyta luzulicola (after Sprague, 1962). Fig. 48. Conidia of Ascochyta iridis (after Allescher, 1901). 86 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

87 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Labiatae 168. Ascochyta betonicae Siemaszko, Arch. Nauk Biol. Towarz. Nauk. Warszawsk. 1, 14, 1923: 31.? A. betonicae Hollós, Math. Természett. Közlem. 35, 1, 1926: 13. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, ochraceous or brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly bent, not constricted, (5) µm. On living leaves of Betonica grandifolia, B. officinalis. Distribution: Europe (Hungary; USSR Orel Oblast ), Asia (USSR Georgia) Ascochyta lamiorum Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 170. Phyllosticta glechomae Sacc., Michelia 2, 1878: 151. A. labiatarum Bres. var. labiatarum, Hedwigia 39, 1900: 327. A. labiatarum Bres. var. basilici Bres., Hedwigia 39, 1900: 327 (isotype WRSL!). A. galeopsidis A. L. Sm. & Ramsb., Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 5, 1914: 158. A. galeopsidis A. G. Eliasson, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 9, 1915: 408 (isotype BRNM!). A. phlomidis Bubák & Wróbl., Hedwigia 57, 1916: 332. A. glechomatis Bondartsev, Mat. po Mikol. Obsled. Rossii 5, 2, 1921: 4 (holotype LE!). A. glechomae (Sacc.) Baudyš & Picb., Práce Morav. Přír. Společn. 3, 2, Sign. F. 22, 1926: 30. A. elsholtziae Bondartsev, Mat. po Mikol. Obsled. Rossii 5, 2, 1921: 21. Diplodina galeopsidis Picb., Práce Morav. Přír. Společn. 7, 4, Sign. F. 56, 1932: 13 (holotype BRNM!). D. ocimi Picb., Práce Morav. Přír. Společn. 7, 4, Sign. F. 56, 1932: 14 (holotype BRNM!). A. monardae Klaptsova, Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 5, 4-6, 1941: 78 (holotype LE!). A. ballotina I. E. Brezhnev, Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 14, 1961: 208 (holotype LGU!). A. coleobrookeae Pandotra & Ganguly, Mycopathol. Mycol. Appl. 22, 2-3, 1964: 110 (holotype IMI!). A. babajaniae Tasl., Mikol. i Fitopat. 1, 1, 1967: 113 (holotype EGU!). A. glechomae Sandu & Mititiuc, Feddes Repert. 81, 8-9, 1971: 626 (holotype I!). A. lallemantiae Žerbele, Mikol. i Fitopat. 6, 1, 1972: 56 (holotype Pribalt. filial VIZR!). Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous and on stems, scattered or sometimes aggregated, immersed, light to dark brown, globose or globose-depressed, sometimes lentiform, up to 180 µm diam., with a circular pore, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Pycnidia on the stems more abundant, globose or globose-depressed, up to 300 µm diam., with a circular pore and often with a papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidia predominantly cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal or slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, not or only slightly constricted, (6) 7-12 (2.5) 3-4 µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Coleobrookea oppositifolia, Ballota nigra, Elsholtzia patrini, Galeobdolon luteum, Galeopsis tetrahit, Glechoma hederacea, Lallemantia iberica f. sulfurea, Lamium album, Monarda fistulosa, Ocimum basilicum, Phlomis alpina, Ph. tuberosa. Distribution: Europe (Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Romania; Sweden; USSR Kursk Oblast, Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Ukraine), Asia (India; USSR Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan) Ascochyta leonuri Ellis & Dearn., Proc. Roy. Canad. Inst., N. S. 1897: 92. Diplodina leonuri Rostr., Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiania, Math.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 4, 1904: 33. A. cardiacae Dobrozr., Bolezni Rast. 8, 1914: 141. A. nepetae Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 19, 2, 1919: 711. Diplodina menthae Picb., Práce Morav. Přír. Společn. 2, 5, 1925: 158 (holotype BRNM!). A. nepetae É. J. Marchal & Verpl., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 59, : 23. Stagonospora leonuri (Rostr.) Moesz & Smarods, Magyar Bot. Lapok 31, 1932: 41, quoad solum basionymum. A. menthicola Ishiy., Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14, 4, 1936: 298. A. menthicola Bubák & Picb., Ann. Mycol. 35, 1937: 143 (holotype BRNM!). A. nepeticola Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1968: 178. Fig. 49, p. 89. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, ochraceous or brown, globose-depressed, (200) µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidia on stems dense scattered, numerous, sometimes 2-3 pycnidia confluent, semi-immersed, dark brown, almost black, globose-depressed, sometimes lentiform, up to 300 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

88 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. often with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall on leaves thin, on stems thicker. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, slightly constricted, 8-15 (17) (2.5) (5) µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Leonurus cardiaca, Mentha arvensis, M. longifolia, Nepeta cataria, N. mussinii, N. pannonica. Distribution: Europe (Belgium; Bulgaria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; Norway; Romania; USSR Kirov Oblast, Ukraine), Asia (Japan; USSR Kazakhstan, Primorskij Kraj), N. America (Canada, USA) Ascochyta melissae É. J. Marchal & Sternon, Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 55, 1923: 50. Pycnidia brown, µm diam., with somewhat protruding ostiole. Conidia ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Melissa officinalis. Distribution: Europe (Belgium). Lardizabalaceae 172. Ascochyta akebiae Bres. in Syd., Mycoth. marchica: no (1894) (isotype LEP!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, almost superficial, dark brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or somewhat bent, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Akebia quinata. Distribution: Europe (Germany). Leguminosae 173. Ascochyta caraganae (Vestergr.) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. Diplodina caraganae Vestergr., Jahreskat. Wiener Bot. Tauschanst. 1897: 4 (isotype S!). A. trigonellae Traverso & Spessa, Bol. Soc. Brot. 24, 1909: 180. A. trigonellae Hollós, Math. Természett. Közlem. 35, 1, 1926: 16. Fig. 50, p. 89. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, on stems and on twigs, scattered or aggregated, immersed, honeycoloured, light brown, brown or dark brown, up to 250 µm diam., with a distinct pore, up to µm diam., sometimes with a papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia bacilliform, straight, both ends blunt, not constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Trigonella coerulea, on living branches of Caragana arborescens. Distribution: Europe (Hungary; Italy; Spain; Sweden) Ascochyta cassiae Henn., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 22, 1900: 39. Diplodina cassiae (Henn.) Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 403. Pycnidia immersed, only protruding through the epidermis by the ostiole or non-erumpent, pale brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Conidia oblongellipsoidal or ovate, not constricted, µm. On dry stems of Cassia marylandica. Distribution: Europe (Germany) Ascochyta coluteae Lambotte & Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 20, 1898: 58. A. coluteae Lambotte & Fautrey f. fructuum ([basionym author not found]) Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 20, 1898: 102 (isotype LEP!). A. coluteaecola Hollós, Math. Természett. Közlem. 25, 1925: 126.? A. caulicola Laubert var. lupini Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 303, non valide publ., descr. angl. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, also on stems, sometimes on fruits, scattered or aggregated, immersed, sometimes on stems and fruits almost superficial due to the decay of the host tissues, from light yellow and 88 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

89 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species ochraceous up to dark brown and almost black (especially on dead substrate), µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells, on stems and fruits sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes somewhat flexuous, not or slightly constricted, 9-15 (3) 4-5 µm. On living leaves, dry fruits, and stems of Colutea arborescens, Lupinus arboreus (?). Distribution: Europe (France; Hungary; Spain; UK), Asia (USSR Turkmenia). Fig. 49. Conidia of Ascochyta leonuri ( 1000). Fig. 50. Conidia of Ascochyta caraganae ( 1000). Fig. 51. Conidia of Ascochyta cytisi ( 1000) Ascochyta cytisi Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard.: no. 156 (1832) (isotype LE!). Sphaeria leguminis-cytisi Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 2, 19, 1843: 358. A. leguminum Sacc., Michelia 1, 1879: 530. A. siliquastri Pass., Hedwigia 17, 1878: 172 (isotypi K! LE! LEP!). Marssonia carnea Vestergr., Jahreskat. Wiener Tauschanst. 1897: 4 (isotype LE!). Phyllosticta laburni Oudem., Ned. Kruidkr. Arch., Ser. 3, 2: 226. A. laburni Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 52, 1912: 347 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). A. lathyri Trail var. lathyri-odorati Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 52, 1912: 347 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Diplodina rhachidiciola Bubák, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28, 1914: 206. A. laburni (Oudem.) Petr. in Petr., F. polon.: no. 9 (1920). A. astragali Lebedeva f. foliicola Woron., Bot. Mat. Inst. Spor. Rast. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR 3, 2, 1924: 31 (holotype GruzIZR!). A. lathyrina Hollós, Math. Természett. Közlem. 35, 1, 1926: 15. A. astragalicola Petr., Hedwigia 68, 1929: 236 (holotype OSKhI!). A. kabatiana Trotter in Sacc. & Trotter, Syll. Fung. 25, 1931: 330. A. rhachidicola (Petr.) Bond.-Mont., Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 8, 1952: 139. A. laburni Cejp in Cejp & Zavřel, Zprávy Vlastiv. Ústavu v Olomouci 141, 1968: 13 (holotype PRC! isotype LE!). Fig. 51, p. 89. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on other parts of the host plants, scattered or sometimes aggregated, sometimes 2-3 pycnidia confluent, immersed, yellowish ochraceous or light brown, sometimes brownish, rarely rusty or honey-coloured, globose-depressed or lentiform, up to µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal or somewhat clavate, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly bent, slightly constricted or not constricted, (6) µm. On living leaves and other living and dry parts of Astragalus glycyphyllus, Astragalus sp., Cercis siiliquastrum, Cytisus anagyroides. Distribution: Europe (Austria; France; Germany; UK; USSR Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Ukraine), Asia (Iraq; USSR Altai Kraj, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan). This species is close to A. phaseolorum Sacc. but differs in having longer conidia Ascochyta emeri Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 163. A. viciae-pisiformis Bubák, Ann. Mycol. 2, 1904: 397. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, from ochraceous brown to brown, globosedepressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Conidia Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

90 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. oblong-ellipsoidal or subcylindrical, both ends rounded, straight of sometimes slightly flexuous, slightly or not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Coronilla emerus and Vicia pisiformis. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Italy) Ascochyta goebeliae Byzova & Pisareva, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 242 (holotype AA!). Pycnidia amphigenous, scattered or aggregated, immersed, pale brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, 15 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly bent, not constricted, (18) µm. On living leaves of Goebelia alopecuroides, Oxytropis pilosissima. Distribution: Asia (USSR Kazakhstan) Ascochyta lathyri Trail, Scott. Naturalist (Perth) 3, 1887: 87. Conidia cylindrical, both ends blunt, µm. On living leaves of Lathyrus sylvestris. Distribution: Europe (UK) Ascochyta oxytropidis J. Schröt., Pilz. Labrad.: 19. A. erythrinae Elisei, Atti Ist. Bot. Univ. Pavia, ser. 4, 10, 1938: 236. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous and on petioles, immersed, from honey-coloured to dark brown, almost black, up to 250 µm diam., with a small circular pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or almost fusiform, both ends rounded, straight or bent, not constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry petioles of Erythrina crista-galli, Oxytropis uralensis. Distribution: Europe (Italy), N. America (USA) Ascochyta phaseolorum Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 164 (holotype K!). A. ontariensis R. Stone, Phytopathology 5, 1915: 6. Diplodina lupini Jaap, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 58, 1916: 20. A. borjomi Bondartsev, Bull. Jard. Bot. St. Petersb. 12, 1912: 102 (holotype LE!). A. astragali Lebedeva, Bot. Mat. Inst. Spor. Rast. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR 1, 10, 1922: 145 (holotype LE!). A. lupinicola Petr., Ann. Mycol. 19, 1921: 281.? A. dolichi Gonz. Frag., Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 3, 1924: 56. A. sojaecola I. N. Abramov, Bolezni i vrediteli soevykh bobov na Dal nem Vostoke 1938: 68 (holotype LE!). A. pseudopinodella Bond.-Mont. in Bond.-Mont. & Vasiljevsky, Askokhitoz gorokha 1937: 56 (holotype LE!). A. adzhametica Shosh., Izv. Gruz. opyt. stanc. zashchity rast., Seriya A. Fitopatol. 2, 1940: 272. A. oro Viégas, Bragantia 5, 1912, 1945: 725 (holotype IACM!). A. astragali Golovin, Tr. Sredneaz. Univ., Nov. Ser., Vyp. 14, Biol. Nauki 5, 1950: 33. A. astragalicola Pisareva, Fl. Spor. Rast. Kazakhstana 5, 2, 1968: 251. A. lablab M. I. Nikol., Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1970: 259 (holotype LE!), ut A. lablabi M. I. Nikol. Fig. 52, p. 91. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or often in concentric circles, also on other parts of the host plant, immersed or semi-immersed, on stems often becoming superficial if the epidermis is ruptured, from honey-coloured, ochraceous, and light brown to dark brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves and other living and dry parts of many Leguminosae. Distribution: circumglobal. This fungus is widespread on numerous legumes. According to Crossan (1958) and Alcorn (1968), this species may also grow on hosts of other plant families. 90 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

91 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 182. Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr., Rev. Pathol. Vég. Entomol. Agric. France 18, 1931: 230. Zythia rabiei Pass., Comm. Soc. Crittog. Ital. 2, 3, 1867: (holotype K!). Pycnidia amphigenous, densely aggregated, sometimes several pycnidia confluent, subsuperficial, pale to dark brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, (200) µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or broadly ellipsoidal, sometimes slightly narrowed towards one end, with broadly rounded ends, straight, very often with an eccentric septum, not constricted, 8-15 (18) 4-6 µm. On leaves of Cicer arietinum. Distribution: Europe (Italy). There are numerous descriptions of Ascochyta diseases on legumes referred to A. rabiei which strongly differ, however, from the features of this species based on the holotype (K!). These authors dealt undoubtedly with other fungi that are not identical with the latter species Ascochyta robiniae Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1, 1878: 163. Pycnidia scattered, lentiform, 180 µm diam., with a pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Italy) Ascochyta sojae Miura, Flora of Manchuria and East Mongolia, III Cryptogams, Fungi. 1928: 443. Pycnidia amphigenous, scattered, semi-immersed, dark brown, globose, µm diam., with a short papillate ostiole. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or almost fusiform, both ends blunt, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Glycine max. Distribution: Asia (Japan; Mongolia; USSR Amur Oblast, Khabarovsk Kraj) Ascochyta trifolii-alpestris Dominik, Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 11, 1934: 242. Pycnidia epiphyllous, brown, globose or almost globose-depressed, µm. Conidia fusiform, both ends acute, straight, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Trifolium alpestris. Distribution: Europe (Poland). Fig. 52. Conidia of Ascochyta phaseolorum ( 1000). Fig. 53. Conidia of Ascochyta viciae ( 1000) Ascochyta viciae Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard.: no. 356 (1837) (isotype LE!). Phyllosticta viciae (Lib.) Cooke, Seem. J. Bot. 4: 97. A. viciae Trail, Scott. Naturalist (Perth) 3, 1887: 87. A. viciicola Sacc., Syll. Fung. 10, 1892: 303. A. ervicola Syd., Hedwigia 38, 1899: 138 (isotypi LE! LEP!). A. caulicola Laubert, Arb. d. Biol. f. Land- und Forst. Wirtsch. K. Gesund 3, 1903: 441 (isotypi K! LE! LEP!). Marssonia meliloti Trel., Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

92 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fungi Wiscons. 1884: 16. A. lethalis Ellis & Barthol. in Ellis & Everh., F. Columb.: no (1903) (isotype LGU! ). A. galegae Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 5, 1907: 459. A. meliloti (Trel.) Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 19, 2, 1919: 663. A. bulgarica Bubák & Picb., Ann. Mycol. 25, 1927: 142 (holotype BRNM!). Fig. 53, p. 91. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on other parts of the host plants, evenly scattered or sometimes aggregated, often 2-3 pycnidia confluent, immersed or semi-immersed, pale brown or brown, sometimes almost black, globose, globose-depressed or lentiform, up to 250 µm diam., sometimes some pycnidia up to 630 µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some oblongellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, more or less strongly constricted, µm. On living leaves and living and dry other parts of Astragalus glycyphyllos, A. glycyphylloides, Galega officinalis, Melilotus officinalis, Trifolium repens, Vicia spp. Distribution: circumglobal. This fungus is a dangerous parasite of legumes. The most comprehensive description of disease symptoms, caused by this fungus, can be found in Kuprevitch (1954). Grove (1935) reported that A. viciae has also been found on Galium mollugo. According to Stone (1912), the perfect state of this species is Mycosphaerella lethalis R. Stone Ascochyta woronowiana Siemaszko, Izv. Kavkazsk. Muzeya 12, 1918: 23. Pycnidia epiphyllous, brown, punctiform, µm diam., with a pore, 20 µm diam. Conidia ellipsoidal, µm. On living leaves of Psorolea acaulis. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia). Liliaceae 188. Ascochyta allii Hollós, Bot. Közlem. 25, 1928: 126 (holotype BP!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, ochraceous, lentiform, µm diam., with a pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, not or weakly constricted, µm. On withering leaves of Allium sativum and A. trachyscordum. Distribution: Europe (Hungary), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan) Ascochyta aphyllanthis Henn., Hedwigia 41, 1902: 137. Pycnidia immersed, erumpent, black, globose-depressed, about 100 µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or almost fusiform, both ends blunt, slightly constricted, µm. On petioles of Aphyllanthes monspeliensis. Distribution: Europe (Germany) Ascochyta erythronii Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1, 1878: 163. Pycnidia pale brown, lentiform, µm diam., with pore. Conidia oblong-fusiform., both ends acute, slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Erythronium dens-canis. Distribution: Europe (Italy). 92 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

93 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 191. Ascochyta fuscopapillata Bubák & Dearn., Hedwigia 58, 1916: 21. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, yellowish, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a widely opened pore and papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or fusiform, often with one acute end, straight or flexuous, sometimes irregular, µm. On living leaves of Smilax herbacea. Distribution: N. America (USA) Ascochyta herreana Henn. & Staritz in Sacc., Syll. Fung. 18, 1906: 346. Pycnidia aggregated, black-brown, subglobose, µm diam., with a pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal or oval, µm. On leaves of Funkia ovata. Distribution: Europe (Germany) Ascochyta hortensis Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 44, 1905: 353. A. funckiae Bondartsev & Trusova, Bolezni Rast. 7, 1913: 215 (holotype LE!). Pycnidia amphigenous, scattered or more or less aggregated, immersed, from light to dark brown, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Funkia albo-marginata, F. obovata, F. univittata. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; USSR Tula Oblast ) Ascochyta juelii Bubák, Ann. Mycol. 7, 1909: 61. Pycnidia amphigenous, immersed, pale brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore and papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal, some cylindrical, both ends acute, µm. On living leaves of Colchicum autumnalis. Distribution: Europe (Austria) Ascochyta lobikii Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. A. allii Lobik, Bolezni Rast. 17: 1929: 173 (holotype LE!), non A. allii Hollós, Bot. Közlem. 25: 1928: 126. Fig. 54, p. 94. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, brown, globose-depressed, µm, with a circular pore, 15 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia broadly fusiform, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, (16) µm. On drying leaves of Allium cepa and A. rotundum. Distribution: Europe (USSR Stavropol Kraj) Ascochyta londonensis Bubák & Dearn., Hedwigia 58, 1916: 22. A. smilacina Sacc., Notae Mycol. 22, 1917: 170. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, yellow or ochraceous, globose or globosedepressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Smilax herbacea and S. pulverulentum. Distribution: N. America (Canada; USA). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

94 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 54. Conidia of Ascochyta lobikii ( 1000). Fig. 55. Conidia of Ascochyta tulipae ( 1000) Ascochyta tulipae Byzova, Bot. Mat. Gerb. Inst. Bot. AN KazSSR 2, 1964: 89 (holotype AA!). Fig. 55, p. 94. Pycnidia more or less aggregated, immersed, olivaceous brown, globose, µm, with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or somewhat bent, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Tulipa alberti. Distribution: Asia (USSR Kazakhstan) Ascochyta veratri Cavara, F. longobard. exs., Pug. II, 1892: no. 98. Gloeosporium veratrinum Allesch., Verz. Süd. Bayern. beob. Pilze 3, 1892: 73. Fig. 56, p. 95. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated. sometimes 2-3 pycnidia confluent, immersed or semi-immersed, ochraceous or reddish brown, globose-depressed, sometimes compressed in the centre, up to 200 µm diam., with a circular pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin, very delicate. Conidia cylindrical or slightly clavate, both ends broadly rounded, straight or flexuous, somewhat constricted, µm. On living leaves of Veratrum album, V. lobelianum, V. nigrum, V. viride. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Italy; USSR Gorky Oblast, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast ), Asia (USSR Georgia). Linaceae 199. Ascochyta lini Rostr., Bot. of the Faeroes 1, 1901: 314 (holotype C!). Pycnidia scattered, immersed, dark brown or almost black, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a small, distinct circular pore, up to 15 µm diam. Pycnidial wall more or less thin. Conidia clavate, some ovate, oblong-ellipsoidal or cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, not or only sometimes slightly constricted, 7-12 (15) µm. On living and dry stems of Linum catharcticum, L. usitatissimum. Distribution: Europe (Denmark Faeroes; USSR Ivanovo Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Smolensk Oblast ). Loasaceae 200. Ascochyta cajophorae Henn., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 22, 1900: 39. Pycnidia scattered or in short lines, immersed, dark brown, globose, µm diam., with a pore, 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, and with a small papillate ostiole. Conidia ellipsoidal, both ends blunt, not constricted, µm. On dry stems of Cajophora lateritia. Distribution: Europe (Germany). 94 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

95 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 56. Conidia of Ascochyta veratri ( 1000). Fig. 57. Pycnidium ( 54) and conidia ( 405) of Ascochyta procenkoi (after Ablakatova & Koval, 1961; as A. zonata). Loganiaceae 201. Ascochyta davidii Tasl., Mikol. i Fitopat. 1, 1, 1967: 112 (holotype EGU! isotype LE!).? Diplodina buddleiae Moreau, Rev. Mycol. (Paris) 11, 1946: 43, non valide publ., descr. gall. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered, immersed, later erumpent, brown, globose of globosedepressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, rounded apically and somewhat acute at the base, straight, slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Buddleia davidii, B. lindleyana, B. thyrsoides (?). Distribution:?Europe (? France), Asia (USSR Georgia). Magnoliaceae 202. Ascochyta liriodendri Woron., Izv. Kavkazsk. Muzeya 9, 1915: 119. Pycnidia semi-immersed, globose, µm diam. Conidia fusiform, mostly flexuous or irregular, µm. On living leaves of Liriodendron tulipifera. Distribution: Asia (USSR Azerbajdzhan) Ascochyta procenkoi Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1967: 272. A. zonata A. Prots. ex Ablak. & Koval, Bot. Mat. Otd. Spor. Rast. Bot. Inst. AN SSSR 14, 1961: 156, non A. zonata Syd., Hedwigia 38, 1899: 138. Fig. 57, p. 95. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, globose, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, µm. On living leaves of Schisandra chinensis. Distribution: Asia (USSR Primorskij Kraj). Malvaceae 204. Ascochyta abelmoschi Harter, J. Agric. Res. 14, 1918: 209. Pycnidia on leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits, scattered or aggregated, immersed or semi-immersed, rusty or brown, globose or globose-conical, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

96 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, sometimes oblong-ovate, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, constricted or not constricted, µm. On living leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits of Hibiscus (Abelmoschus) esculentus, H. trionum and H. palustris. Distribution: Europe (Bulgaria; USSR Stavropol Kraj), Asia (USSR Primorskij Kraj; Sri Lanka), N. America (USA). Ellis (1950) published comprehensive data on the disease caused by this fungus Ascochyta malvicola Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 161. Phyllosticta destructiva Desm. var. destructiva, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 3, 3, 1847: 29. A. althaeina Sacc. & Bizz. in Sacc., Atti Ist. Veneto Sci. 6, 2, 1884: 444. A. althaeina Sacc. & Bizz. var. major Brunaud, Ann. Soc. Sci. Nat. Charente-Infer. 1889: 62. Diplodina malvae Tognini, II Contr. Micol. Tosc. 1895: 12. A. alceina Lambotte & Fautrey, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 15, 1899: 153. Diplodinula malvae (Tognini) Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Univ. Siena 5, 1902: 47. A. montenegrina Bubák, Sitz. K. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. 12, 1903: 13. Diplodina alceina (Lambotte & Fautrey) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 7, 1903: 881. D. althaeae Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 4, 1906: 342. D. hibisci Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 4, 1906: 344. A. malvae H. Zimm., Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 47, 1908: 37. A. abutilonis Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 7, 1909: 53. A. malvae Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 391. A. gossypii Woron., Vestn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 35, 1914: 26. A. gossypii Syd., Ann. Mycol. 14, 1916: 194. A. destructiva (Desm.) Höhn., Hedwigia 60, 1919: 185. A. malvarum Mig. in Thome s Krypt. Fl. 3, 1921: 281 (ut A. malvacum Mig.). A. hibisci-cannabini Khokhr. in Tranz., Gutner & Khokhr., Tr. Inst. Novykh Lubyanykh Materialov 1, 1933: 131 (holotype LEP!). Diplodina malvae Tognini f. lavaterae Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 335, non valide publ., descr. angl. (holotype K!). A. sidae Sawada, Spec. Publ. Coll. Agric., Nat. Taiwan Univ. 8, 1959: 152, non valide publ., descr. jap. A. urenae Sawada, Spec. Publ. Coll. Agric., Nat. Taiwan Univ. 8, 1959: 152, non valide publ., descr. jap. Diplodina abutilonis S. Ahmad, Biologia (Lahore) 13, 1967: 34. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered or aggregated, immersed or semi-immersed, on stems often protruding through epidermis, light to dark brown, globose or globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells, on stems often with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal or slightly clavate, with rounded ends, sometimes with one or both ends slightly narrowed, straight or slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, (5) 7-10 (12) 2-4 µm. On living leaves, on living and dry stems of Abutilon spp., Alcea spp., Althaea spp., Gossypium spp., Hibiscus spp., Lavatera spp., Malva spp., Sida spp., and Urena lobata. Distribution: circumglobal. Many of the names quoted above have been referred to Phoma exigua Desm. by van der Aa & van Kesteren (1971). Menyanthaceae 206. Ascochyta menyanthicola Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. A. menyanthis Oudem., Ned. Kruidkr. Arch., ser. 2, 3, 1903: 262, non A. menyanthis Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard.: no. 262 (1834). Phyllosticta destructiva Desm. var. menyanthis Desm., Pl. Crypt. Fr.: no. 681 (1859), non valide publ., nom. nud. Ph. destructiva Desm. f. menyanthidis Rabenh. in Rabenh. & G. Winter, F. europ.: no. 3092, non valide publ., nom. nud. Pycnidia predominantly hypophyllous, scattered, semi-immersed, brownish, more often dark brown, almost black, globose or globose-conical, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 25 µm diam. Pycnidial wall carbonaceous, thick. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, (2) µm. On living leaves of Menyanthes trifoliata. 96 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

97 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Distribution: Europe (Germany; The Netherlands; USSR Kirov Oblast, Leningrad Oblast ). Conidia of the fungus occur very seldom, but pycnidia containing a sclerotial mass are common. Moraceae 207. Ascochyta ficus Traverso & Spessa, Bol. Soc. Brot. 25, 1910: 180. Pycnidia hypophyllous, densely aggregated, slightly protruding, black, subglobose, µm. Pycnidial wall dark brown. Conidia oblong-fusiform, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Ficus macrophylla. Distribution: Europe (Portugal) Ascochyta humuliphila Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1972: 210. A. humuli Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 43, 1904: 419 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!), non A. humuli Lasch in Rabenh., Herb. mycol.: no. 680 (1884). Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, evenly scattered, semi-immersed, yellowish, yellow-brown and sometimes brown, globose and globose-depressed, (85) µm diam., with a small papillate ostiole and circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin, delicate. Conidia shortcylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal or oblong-ovate, both ends broadly rounded, straight or very seldom slightly bent, µm. On living leaves of Humulus lupulus. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; Romania; UK; USSR Latvia, Leningrad Oblast, Lithuania, Ukraine, Yaroslavl Oblast ), Asia (USSR Armenia, Georgia) Ascochyta miyakei Tanaka, Mycologia 10, 1918: 286. A. mori I. Miyake, Imp. Ser. Exp. Sta. Techn. Rep. 1, 5, 1916: 345, non A. mori Maire, Ann. Mycol. 11, 1913: 354. A. morifolia Sawada, Spec. Rept. Taiwan Agr. Exp. Sta. 19, 1919: 545 (isotype IMI!). Pycnidia immersed, later erumpent, ellipsoidal or conical, 160 µm diam., with a circular pore and papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal or cylindrical, with blunt ends, or ovate, not constricted, μm. On twigs of Morus alba. Distribution: Asia (Japan) Ascochyta mori Maire, Ann. Mycol. 11, 1913: 354. Pycnidia not numerous, scattered, semi-immersed, yellowish-brown, sometimes brown, lentiform, somewhat compressed in the centre, µm diam., with an indistinct pore, up to µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Conidia cylindrical, some oblong-ellipsoidal, straight or slightly bent, sometimes with a very pale greenish tinge, (6.5) µm. On living leaves of Morus alba, very often together with Septogloeum mori Briosi & Cavara Distribution: Europe (Greece), Asia (USSR Armenia, Azerbajdzhan, Georgia) Ascochyta moricola Berl., Addit. Syll.: 441. Diplodina moricola (Berl.) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.- Fl. 6, 1901: 691. Pycnidia immersed, globose or globose-conical, 200 µm diam., with a small papillate ostiolum. Conidia fusiform, both ends acute, not or slightly constricted, sometimes with a very pale yellowish tinge, 10 3 µm. On dry branches of Morus alba. Distribution: Europe (Italy). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

98 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib Ascochyta prasadii D. D. Shukla & V. N. Pathak, Sydowia 21, (1967) 1968: 277 (holotype IMI!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, more or less aggregated, immersed, light brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm, with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or ovate, both ends blunt and in such case more or less clavate, straight or irregular, very weakly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Cannabis sativa. Distribution: Asia (India). Myrtaceae 213. Ascochyta myrticola Maire & Sacc. in Sacc. & Syd., Syll. Fung. 16, 1902: 930. Pycnidia black, with a pore. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends blunt, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Myrtus communis. Distribution: Europe (Italy). Nyctaginaceae 214. Ascochyta oxybaphi Trel., J. Mycol. 1, 1885: 14. A. boerhaaviae Tharp, Mycologia 9, 1917: 106 (holotype NY!). A. abroniae R. Sprague, Mycologia 29, 1937: 427 (holotype NY!). Fig. 58, p. 99. Pycnidia epiphyllous, sometimes amphigenous, solitary to numerous, scattered, sometimes several pycnidia confluent, semi-immersed, from light to dark brown, globose or globose-depressed, (200) µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 30 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some slightly clavate or oval, ends rounded, not constricted or constricted, µm. On living leaves of Abronia mellifera, Boerhaavia erecta, Mirabilis sp., Oxybaphus nyctaginoides. Distribution: N. America (USA). Oleaceae 215. Ascochyta forsythiae (Sacc.) Höhn. sec. H. Zimm., Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 47, 1909: 36. Phyllosticta forsythiae Sacc., Michelia 1, 1877: 93. A. forsythiae Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 383. Fig. 59, p. 99. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, often in concentric circles, immersed, from light to dark brown or almost black, globose or globose-depressed, up to 150 µm diam., with a circular pore, pale pycnidia with a pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or slightly clavate, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes somewhat bent, septum often not in the middle, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Forsythia spp. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; Romania; USSR Latvia, Moscow Oblast ), Asia (USSR Armenia) Ascochyta fraxinicola Brunaud, Miscell. Mycol.: 17. Diplodina fraxinicola (Brunaud) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 687. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, very small. Conidia ellipsoidal, fusiform, or ovate-ellipsoidal, not or slightly constricted, µm. On young branches of Fraxinus excelsior. Distribution: Europe (France). 98 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

99 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 217. Ascochyta fraxinifolia Siemaszko, Arch. Nauk Biol. Towarz. Nauk. Warszawsk. 1, 14, 1923: 32 (holotype LE!). A. jasminicola Canonaco, Boll. Stud. Inform. Reale Giardino Colon. 14, 23, 1936: 15 (extr.). Pycnidia epiphyllous, subepidermal, later erumpent, brownish, µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall rather thick. Conidia ellipsoidal, oblong-ellipsoidal, or oval, both ends rounded, straight, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Fraxinus excelsior and Jasminum sp. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia), Africa Ascochyta ligustri Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1, 1878: 165. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, evenly scattered, semi-immersed, olivaceous, dark brown or almost black, globose-depressed, lentiform, sometimes compressed in the centre, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Ligustrum vulgare. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Italy; Romania; USSR Latvia), Asia (USSR Armenia). According to Melik-Khatchatryan (1964), this fungus belongs to the life cycle of Mycosphaerella ligustri (Desm.) Fuckel Ascochyta metulispora Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1, 1878: 30 (holotype K!). Fig. 60, p. 99. Pycnidia epiphyllous, in the centre of the spot, semi-immersed, light brown, globose-depressed, up to 120 µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or bent, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Fraxinus sp. Distribution: Europe (UK). The shape of the conidia in the holotype material is quite distinct from that described by the original authors. Fig. 58. Conidia of Ascochyta oxybaphi ( 1000). Fig. 59. Conidia of Ascochyta forsythiae ( 1000). Fig. 60. Conidia of Ascochyta metulispora ( 1000) Ascochyta orientalis Bondartsev, Acta Horti Petropol. 26, 1906: 43. (holotype LE!). Fig. 61, p Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed or semi-immersed, from honey-coloured to brown, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly flexuous, somewhat constricted, µm. On living leaves of Syringa vulgaris. Distribution: Europe (USSR generally distributed), Asia (USSR Armenia, Georgia). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

100 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 61. Conidia of Ascochyta orientalis ( 1000) Ascochyta orni Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1, 1878: 168. Pycnidia amphigenous, slightly erumpent, globose-depressed, 200 µm diam. Conidia ovate-fusiform, not or sometimes slightly constricted, almost hyaline, µm. On leaves of Fraxinus ornus. Distribution: Europe (Italy) Ascochyta syringae Bres., Hedwigia 33, 1894: 207 (isotype WRSL!). A. fraxini Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 52, 1912: 346 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). A. syringaecola Hollós, Bot. Közlem. 25, 1928: 127 (holotype BP!). Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous and on fruits, scattered or aggregated, immersed or semi-immersed, yellowish or light brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, some sometimes oblong-ellipsoidal or biscuit-shaped, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly flexuous, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves and dry fruits of Fraxinus angustifolius, F. excelsior and Syringa vulgaris. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; Hungary; USSR generally distributed), Asia (USSR Armenia). Onagraceae 223. Ascochyta circaeae Bubák & Picb., Ann. Mycol. 35, 1937: 142 (holotype BRNM!). Fig. 62, p Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, semi-immersed, yellow, transparent, globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oblong-ellipsoidal, or slightly clavate, both ends rounded, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Circaea lutetiana. Distribution: Europe (Bulgaria) Ascochyta epilobii Oudem., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 11, 1901: 529. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered, immersed, brownish, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, with broadly rounded ends, straight or very rarely slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, on leaves (3.8) µm, on stems µm. On living leaves and stems of Epilobium angustifolium, E. roseum. 100 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

101 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Distribution: Europe (The Netherlands; USSR Moscow Oblast ) Ascochyta godetiae Riedl, Sydowia 19, (1965) 1966: 190. Fig. 63, p Pycnidia more or less widely scattered, brownish, depressed, µm, with a short ostiole, erumpent through the epidermis. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded or blunted, straight, not or slightly constricted, µm. On dry stems of Godetia whitneyi. Distribution: Europe (Austria). Fig. 62. Conidia of Ascochyta circaeae ( 1000). Fig. 63. Pycnidium and conidia of Ascochyta godetiae (after Riedl, 1965). Palmae 226. Ascochyta trachycarpi Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1969: 195 (holotype LE!). Fig. 64, p Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, dark brown or black, lentiform or almost globose, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, oval, or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded or sometimes slightly acute, straight, (3.5) µm. On living leaves of Trachycarpus martianus. Distribution: Europe (USSR Ukraine). Papaveraceae 227. Ascochyta chelidoniicola Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. A. chelidonii Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 46, 1907: 290 (isotypi LE! LEP!), non A. chelidonii Lib., Pl. Crypt. Ard.: no. 57 (1830). Fig. 65, p Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, light yellow or yellowish brown, globose-depressed, up to µm diam., with an indistinct circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin, very delicate. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal or subcylindrical, both ends attenuated, straight or sometimes slightly flexuous, with somewhat eccentric septum, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Chelidonium majus. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

102 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 64. Conidia of Ascochyta trachycarpi ( 1000). Fig. 65. Conidia of Ascochyta chelidoniicola ( 1000) Ascochyta dicentrae Oudem., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 1902: 7. Fig. 66, p Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, immersed, on stems semi-immersed, black, oval or globose, up to 180 µm diam., with a circular pore. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-fusiform, both ends attenuated, straight or slightly bent, not constricted, sometimes with a very faintly greenish tinge, µm. On living leaves and stems of Dicentra spectabilis. Distribution: Europe (The Netherlands), N. America (USA) Ascochyta fumariae Hollós, Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 6, 1908: 530. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a pore. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or flexuous, irregular, not constricted, µm. On living and withering leaves of Fumaria schleicheri and F. vaillantii. Distribution: Europe (Hungary; Sweden)?Asia (?USSR? Kazakhstan) Ascochyta glaucii (Cooke & Massee) Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 383, excl. basionymo (isotype LE!). Fig. 67, p Pycnidia numerous, evenly scattered, immersed, from light to dark brown, lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded or sometimes one end slightly narrowed, straight or flexuous, not constricted or constricted, 9-15 (17) µm. On dry stems of Glaucium flavum. Distribution: Europe (Germany, UK) Ascochyta papaveris Oudem., Contr. Fl. Mycol. Nowaja Semlja 1885: 12. Diplodina papaveris (Oudem.) Lind, Meddel. om Grønland 71, 1926: 169. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, black, 200 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia broadly fusiform or subellipsoidal, µm. On leaves of Papaver nudicaulis. Distribution: Europe (USSR Novaya Zemlya Islands). 102 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

103 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Pedaliaceae 232. Ascochyta sesami Miura, Flora of Manchuria and East Mongolia, III Cryptogams, Fungi. 1928: 445. Pycnidia semi-immersed, pale brown, globose, µm diam., with a short ostiole. Conidia fusiform, slightly constricted, 10 3 µm, one-celled conidia oblong or broadly ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, 5 3 µm. On leaves of Sesamum orientale (= S. indicum). Distribution: Asia (Mongolia). Pinaceae 233. Ascochyta laricina Voglino, Ann. R. Accad. Agric. Torino 55, (1912) 1913: 220 (holotype TO!). Pycnidia scattered, erumpent through the epidermis, black, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends acute, not constricted, µm. On young plant of Larix deciduous. Distribution: Europe (Italy). Pittosporaceae 234. Ascochyta tobirae Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 1, 4, 1917: 101. Pycnidia initially immersed, later erumpent, globose or almost globose, with a papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or fusiform, both ends rounded, sometimes slightly yellowish, µm. On leaves of Pittosporum tobira. Distribution: Asia (Japan). Plantaginaceae 235. Ascochyta plantaginicola Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1970: 249. A. plantaginis Sacc. & Speg., Michelia 1, 1878: 166, non A. plantaginis Ces. in Klotzsch, Herb. Mycol.: no (1853). A. sodalis Naumov, Mat. po Mikol. i Fitopat. Rossii 6, 1, 1927: 11 (holotype LEP!). A. plantaginella Tehon, Mycologia 25, 1933: 247 (holotype NY). Fig. 68, p Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, immersed, yellow brown, lentiform, sometimes compressed in the centre, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or almost ellipsoidal, both ends broadly rounded, straight, very rarely slightly bent, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Plantago aristata, P. major, P. media, P. rugelii, Plantago sp. Distribution: Europe (generally distributed), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan), N. America (USA). Fig. 66. Conidia of Ascochyta dicentrae ( 1000). Fig. 67. Conidia of Ascochyta glaucii ( 1000). Fig. 68. Conidia of Ascochyta plantaginicola ( 1000). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

104 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Plumbaginaceae 236. Ascochyta plumbaginicola Henn., Hedwigia 41, 1902: 137. Diplodina plumbaginicola (Henn.) Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 406. A. staticicola Unamuno, Asoc. Esp. Progr. Ci. Congr. Salamanca 1923: 45. Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered or aggregated, semi-immersed, brown, globose, globosedepressed or globose-conical, up to 140 µm diam., with a wide pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblongellipsoidal or ovate, both ends blunt, µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Plumbago europaea and Statice occidentalis. Distribution: Europe (Germany; Spain) Ascochyta tenerifensis Jørst., Blyttia 24, 1966: 228 (holotype C!). Pycnidia amphigenous, numerous, scattered, semi-immersed, almost black, subglobose, µm diam., with an indistinct pore. Pycnidial wall thin, very delicate. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, sometimes with somewhat acute base, straight, very rarely slightly flexuous, not constricted, (19) µm. On living leaves of Statice umbricata. Distribution: Europe (Spain Canary Islands). Polemoniaceae 238. Ascochyta phlogis Voglino, Ann. R. Accad. Agric. Torino 51, 1908: 20 (extr.). Diplodina phlogis Fautrey, Rev. Mycol. (Toulouse) 12, 1890: 165 (isotypi LEP! NY!). A. phlogina Fairm., Ann. Mycol. 8, 1910: 323. Fig. 69, p Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, numerous, more or less scattered, immersed, light or dark brown, globose-depressed, on stems lentiform, strongly flattened, up to µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends slightly attenuated-rounded, straight, sometimes slightly flexuous, not or slightly constricted, (6) µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Phlox drummondii and Ph. paniculata. Distribution: Europe (France; Italy; USSR generally distributed), Asia (USSR Armenia), N. America (USA). Polygalaceae 239. Ascochyta oxyspora Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto Bot. Univ. Siena 3, 1900: 99. Pycnidia scattered, immersed, black, lentiform, 250 µm diam. Pycnidial wall dark brown. Conidia naviculate, with rounded ends, not constricted, µm. On dry stems of Comesperma sphaerocarpum. Distribution: Australia. Polygonaceae 240. Ascochyta atraphaxidis (Kravtzev) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1971: 213. Diplodina atraphaxidis Kravtzev ex Schvartsman & Kravtzev, Tr. Inst. Bot. AN KazSSR 9, 1961: 24. Pycnidia scattered, sometimes 2-3 pycnidia aggregated, immersed, from brownish grey to almost black, globose or globose-depressed, sometimes lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam. and with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, 8-12 (14) µm. On living stipules, dry and fallen leaves and branchlets of Atraphaxis virgata. 104 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

105 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Distribution: Asia (USSR Kazakhstan) Ascochyta biguttulata E. Y. Daniels, Mycologia 19, 1927: 125 (type NY!). Fig. 70, p Pycnidia hypophyllous, scattered, immersed, brown or dark brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., with a small, hardly protruding papillate ostiole. Conidia navicular-fusiform, both ends acute, straight, not constricted, µm. On living leaves of Polygonum convolvulus. Distribution: N. America (USA). Fig. 69. Conidia of Ascochyta phlogis ( 1000). Fig. 70. Conidia of Ascochyta biguttulata ( 1000) Ascochyta fagopyri Thüm. & Bolle, Soc. Adriat. Sci. Nat. 1885: 13. Diplodina fagopyri (Thüm. & Bolle) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 686. Pycnidia scattered, semi-immersed, black, almost globose, small. Conidia ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, slightly constricted, µm. On dried stems of Fagopyrum sagittatum. Distribution: Europe (Austria) Ascochyta foliicola (Gonz. Frag.) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. A. vicina Sacc. var. foliicola Gonz. Frag., Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat., ser. Bot. 9, 1916: 87. Pycnidia scattered or aggregated, globose-depressed, with a pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia fusiform, both ends acute, µm. On leaves of Rumex acetosella. Distribution: Europe (Spain) Ascochyta marssonia (Siemaszko) Melnik Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1975: 204. Stagonospora marssonia Siemaszko, Izv. Kavkazsk Muzeya, 12, 1919: 4 (extr.) (holotype LE!; received from Sukhumi Branch of VNIIChSK). Fig. 71, p Pycnidia epiphyllous, inconspicuous, immersed, pale yellow or pale brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with indistinct circular a pore, up to 35 µm diam. Pycnidial wall almost colourless, very thin, delicate. Conidia cylindrical to ellipsoidal or Marssonina-like, both ends broadly rounded, straight, most conidia with strongly eccentric septum, more or less constricted, (15) µm. On living leaves of Polygonum alpinum. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia) Ascochyta polygoni-setosi (Bubák) Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1971: 212. Diplodina polygonisetosi Bubák, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 28, 1914: 206. Pycnidia protruding through the epidermis, dull black, globose-depressed or lentiform, circular in outline or ellipsoidal, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 25 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thick. Conidiophores Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

106 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. cylindrical or slightly swollen on the apex, µm. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, (20) (4) µm. On dry stems of Polygonum setosum and Polygonum sp. Distribution: Asia (Iran; USSR Turkmenia). This species is well-characterised by having conspicuous conidiophores Ascochyta reynoutriae Sawada, Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 105, 1958: 52. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, immersed, dark chestnut-brown, globose, µm diam., with a pore, 6-13 µm diam. Conidia ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Reynoutria japonica. Distribution: Asia (Japan) Ascochyta rheicola Sawada, Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 105, 1958: 52. Pycnidia subepidermal, globose, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical or ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Rheum rhaponticum. Distribution: Asia (Japan) Ascochyta volubilis Sacc. & Malbr., Michelia 2, 1882: 621. Diplodina volubilis (Sacc. & Malbr.) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 692. A. polygonicola Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 46, 1907: 292. Ascochytella polygonicola (Kabát & Bubák) Petr., Ann. Mycol. 21, 1923: 212. Gloeosporium polygoni Dearn. & House, New York State Mus. Bull. 243/244, 1923: 74. A. polygoni (Dearn. & House) Arx, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect. 51, 3, 1957: 122. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, semi-immersed, pale brown or brown, globose or globosedepressed, (60) µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, (4.5) µm. On living leaves of Polygonum aviculare, P. convolvulus, P. dumetorum, P. lapathifolium. Distribution: Europe (Austria; France; Germany; USSR Leningrad Oblast, Moscow Oblast ), Asia (USSR Kazakhstan). Fig. 71. Conidia of Ascochyta marssonia ( 1000). Fig. 72. Conidia of Ascochyta georgica ( 1000). 106 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

107 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Primulaceae 249. Ascochyta georgica Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1970: 244 (holotype LE!). Fig. 72, p Pycnidia amphigenous, scattered, immersed, light brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends broadly rounded, straight, not or slightly constricted, (18) (3.5) 4-6 µm. On withering leaves of Primula sp. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia) Ascochyta primulae Trail, Scott. Naturalist (Perth) 3, 1887: 88. A. valerandii Jaap, Ann. Mycol. 14, 1916: 34. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, yellowish and pale brown, globose-depressed, µm diam., with a pore, sometimes with a papillate ostiole. Conidia cylindrical, both ends blunt, mostly straight, µm. On living leaves of Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi. Distribution: Europe (UK; Yugoslavia). Pteridaceae 251. Ascochyta necans (Ellis & Everh.) Davis, Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 21, 1924: 274. Gloeosporium necans Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 4, 1888: 104. Marssonia necans (Ellis & Everh.) Sacc., Syll. Fung. 10, 1892: 480. A. pteridis Bres., Hedwigia 33, 1894: 208 (isotypi LEP! WRSL!). Marssonina necans (Ellis & Everh.) Magnus, Hedwigia 45, 1906: 88. A. jaczevskii Negru & Vlad, Izv. AN Arm. SSR 15, 11, 1962: 46 (holotype I!). Fig. 73, p Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, more or less aggregated, sometimes confluent, immersed, from light to dark brown, almost black, globose or subglobose, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia oblong-ellipsoidal, some almost clavate, both ends rounded and slightly attenuated, sometimes bent or even flexuous, with a septum, which is sometimes eccentric, not or slightly constricted, (30) 4-6 µm. On living leaves and stems of Pteridium aquilinum. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Romania; Sweden; UK; USSR Latvia, Leningrad Oblast ), N. America (USA). According to Davis (1942), this fungus is probably the conidial state of Cryptomyces pteridis Rehm. Ranunculaceae 252. Ascochyta aconitana Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1971: 206, ut A. aconitiana Melnik A. aconiti Sandu, Stud. Cercet. Biol. 18, 1, 1966: 18 (holotype I!), non A. aconiti Moesz, Bot. Közlem. 22, 1924: 43. Pycnidia epiphyllous, immersed, brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin, delicate. Conidia ellipsoidal, ovate, or cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, not or sometimes strongly constricted, (18) µm. On living leaves of Aconitum moldavicum. Distribution: Europe (Romania). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

108 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. Fig. 73. Conidia of Ascochyta necans ( 1000). Fig. 74. Conidia of Ascochyta dolomitica ( 1000). Fig. 75. Conidia of Ascochyta infuscans ( 1000) Ascochyta dolomitica Kabát & Bubák, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 54, 1904: 4. A. vodakii Bubák, Novenyt. Közlem. 4, 1907: 52 (extr.) (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). A. carinthiaca Jaap, Ann. Mycol. 6, 1908: 219. A. hepaticae Died., Krypt. Fl. M. Brand. 9, 1912: 385. Stagonospora dolomitica (Kabát & Bubák) Petr., Hedwigia 68, 1929: 239. Fig. 74, p Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, immersed, yellow, yellowish brown or brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, not or slightly constricted, (10) (22) 3-5 µm. On living leaves of Atragene alpina, A. sibirica, Hepatica triloba, Ranunculus thora, Clematis spp. Distribution: Europe (Austria; Czechoslovakia; Germany; Romania; USSR Latvia), Asia (USSR Altai Kraj, Kazakhstan). According to Müller (1953), Didymella vodakii E. Müll. is the perfect state of this species Ascochyta infuscans Ellis & Everh., J. Mycol. 5, 1889: 148 (holotype NY!). A. anemones Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 52, 1912: 345 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). Fig. 75, p Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, immersed, yellowish-brown or brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 25 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or bent, not or slightly constricted, 8-15 (16) µm. On living leaves of Anemone nemorosa, A. ranunculoides, Ranunculus abortivus. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; USSR Leningrad Oblast, Tambov Oblast ), N. America (USA) Ascochyta patogonica Speg., Fungi Arg. Pug. 2: no A. aconiti Moesz, Bot. Közlem. 22, 1924: 43. A. septentrionalis Fokin, Bot. Mat. Inst. Spor. Rast. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4, 3, 1926: 38 (holotype LEP!). Pycnidia epiphyllous and on petioles, scattered, immersed, from light to dark brown, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, sometimes oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, straight or sometimes slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, (6.5) µm. On living leaves and decaying petioles of Aconitum septentrionalis, A. vulparia, Aconitum sp., Anemone sphaenophylla. Distribution: Europe (Hungary; USSR Kirov Oblast, Leningrad Oblast ), South America (Argentina) Ascochyta savulescui Rădul. & Negru, Omagiu lui Traian Săvulescu 1959: 649. Fig. 76, p Pycnidia immersed, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., brown. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoidal or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends rounded, septa sometimes eccentric, constricted, almost hyaline, µm. 108 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

109 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species Fig. 76. Pycnidium and conidia of Ascochyta savulescui (after Rădulescu & Negru, 1959). On living leaves of Thalictrum minor. Distribution: Europe (Romania) Ascochyta vitalbicola Maire, Publ. Inst. Bot. 3, 4, 1937: 18. Pycnidia epiphyllous, immersed, dark brown, 150 µm diam. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, not or slightly constricted, µm. On leaves of Clematis vitalba. Distribution: Europe (Spain). Resedaceae 258. Ascochyta resedae Bond.-Mont., Bolezni Rast. 12, 1923: 71 (holotype LE!). Fig. 77, p Pycnidia amphigenous, scattered, sometimes 2-3 pycnidia confluent, immersed, honey-coloured, globose and globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight or slightly bent, µm. On living leaves of Reseda odorata. Distribution: Europe (USSR Latvia, Orel Oblast ). Rhamnaceae 259. Ascochyta hoveniae Sawada, Bull. Gov. Forest Exp. Sta. 105, 1958: 52. Pycnidia epiphyllous, immersed, brown, globose, 170 µm diam., with a pore, µm diam. Conidia cylindrical or ellipsoidal, µm. On leaves of Hovenia dulcis var. tomentella. Distribution: Asia (Japan) Ascochyta natsume Hara, Morbi arb. fruct. Japan 1928 (?): 482. A. zizyphi Hara, Pathologia Agriculturalis Plantarum 1930: 700. Pycnidia epiphyllous, immersed, black, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia ellipsoid-ovate, µm. On leaves of Zizyphus jujuba. Distribution: Asia (Japan). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,

110 7. Descriptions of species V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib Ascochyta paliuri Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 166. A. rhamni Lebedeva, Bot. Mat. Inst. Spor. Rast. Gl. Bot. Sada RSFSR 1, 10, 1922: 146 (holotype LE!). A. rhamni W. B. Cooke & C. G. Shaw, Mycologia 44, 1952: 799. Pycnidia predominantly epiphyllous, scattered or aggregated, immersed, pale brown or brown, globose or sometimes lentiform, (300) µm diam., with a circular pore, up to 20 µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly bent, not or sometimes slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Paliuris aculeatus, P. australis, Rhamnus catharctica and R. purchiana. Distribution: Europe (Italy; USSR Kursk Oblast ; Yugoslavia), N. America (USA). Rosaceae 262. Ascochyta cruris-galli Brunaud, Sphaerops. Char. 1889: 60. Pycnidia scattered, black, very small. Conidia fusiform, both ends rounded, constricted, µm. On withering leaves of Crataegus cruris-galli. Distribution: Europe (France) Ascochyta crystallina McAlpine, Fung. diseas. stone-fruit trees 1902: 98. Pycnidia erumpent, brown or greyish brown, globose-depressed, large, with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, both ends rounded, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Amygdalus communis. Distribution: Australia. Fig. 77. Conidia of Ascochyta resedae ( 1000). Fig. 78. Conidia of Ascochyta idaei ( 1000) Ascochyta idaei Oudem., Hedwigia 41, 1902: 178. Diplodina idaei (Oudem.) Allesch. in Rabenh. Krypt.-Fl. 6, 1901: 695. A. pruni Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 47, 1908: 358 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). A. zimmermannii-hugonis Bubák, Ann. Mycol. 13, 1915: 31 (isotypi H! LE!). Gloeosporium osmaroniae Dearn., Mycologia 16, 1924: 168. A. argillacea (Bres.) Bond.-Mont., Mat. po Mikol. Obsled. Rossii 5, 4, 1922: 21, excl. basionymo. A. argillacea (Bres.) Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 313, excl. basionymo. A. osmaroniae (Dearn.) Arx, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Tweede Sect. 51, 3, 1957: 113. Fig. 78, p Pycnidia epiphyllous and on stems, scattered or sometimes 2-3 pycnidia aggregated, light to dark brown, globose-depressed, lentiform, µm diam., with a round pore, surrounded by small, dark cells, sometimes with a small papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly curved, not or only slightly constricted, 7-12 (14) µm. On living leaves and dry stems of Osmoronia cerasiformis, Prunus padus, Rubus idaeus. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; Germany; UK; USSR Latvia, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Stavropol Kraj), Asia (USSR Armenia), N. America (USA). 110 Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379, 2000

111 V. A. Mel nik Key to the fungi of the genus Ascochyta Lib. 7. Descriptions of species 265. Ascochyta potentillarum Sacc., Michelia 1, 1878: 170. Pycnidia epiphyllous, scattered, brown, lentiform, up to 160 µm diam., with a circular pore. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical or oblong-ellipsoidal, both ends bluntly rounded, straight or sometimes slightly bent, not or slightly constricted, µm. On living leaves of Potentilla opaca and P. reptans. Distribution: Europe (Italy; USSR Arkhangelsk Oblast, Latvia), Asia (USSR Armenia) Ascochyta rubi Sacc., Ann. Mycol. 1, 1903: 434. Pycnidia sublentiform, µm diam., with a pore. Conidia fusiform, both ends blunt, hyaline or subhyaline, µm. On withering leaves of Rubus fruticosus var. discolor. Distribution: Europe (Italy) Ascochyta spiraeae Kabát & Bubák, Hedwigia 43, 1904: 359 (isotypi LE! LEP! GruzIZR!). A. spiraeae Kabát & Bubák f. caulicola Grove, British stem- and leaf-fungi 1, 1935: 316, non valide publ., descr. angl. (holotype K!). Fig. 79, p Pycnidia predominantly hypophyllous and on stems, scattered or aggregated, semi-immersed, brownish, globose-depressed or lentiform, µm diam., with a circular pore, surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin. Conidia cylindrical, sometimes biscuit-shaped, both ends rounded, straight, sometimes slightly bent, not constricted, 5-10 (11) (4.5) µm. On dry leaves and stems of Spiraea aruncus and S. chamaedrifolia. Distribution: Europe (Czechoslovakia; UK). Rubiaceae 268. Ascochyta cinchonae Melnik, Nov. Sist. Niz. Rast. 1968: 173 (holotype LE!). Pycnidia epiphyllous, evenly scattered, immersed, very pale brown, globose or globose-depressed, µm diam., with a circular pore, µm diam., surrounded by small dark cells. Pycnidial wall thin, very delicate. Conidia cylindrical, some clavate, both ends rounded, straight, not constricted, µm. On leaves of Cinchona sp. Distribution: Asia (USSR Georgia) Ascochyta coffeae Henn., Hedwigia 41, 1902: 307. Fig. 80, p Pycnidia scattered, immersed, black, globose-depressed, µm diam. Conidia ellipsoidal or oval, with somewhat blunt ends, µm. On leaves of Coffea arabica. Distribution: South America (Brazil). Fig. 79. Conidia of Ascochyta spiraeae ( 1000). Fig. 80. Conidia of Ascochyta coffeae ( 1000). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch. 379,