A REVISION OF BEAUMONTIA WALLICH, KIBATALIAG. DON AND VALLARIOPSIS WOODSON (APOCYNACEAE)

Transcription

1 AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY WAGENINGEN PAPERS 86-5(1986) A REVISION OF BEAUMONTIA WALLICH, KIBATALIAG. DON AND VALLARIOPSIS WOODSON (APOCYNACEAE) (seriesofrevisionsof Apocynaceae XIX) RUDJIMAN Department of Plant Taxonomy Wageningen, Agricultural University, The Netherlands Received04-VIII-1986 Dateofpublication Presentaddressof author: Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia BIBLIOTHEEK LANDBOUWUNIVERSITEIT WAGENINGEN 1987 Wageningen mm Agricultural University : LANDBOUW/CATALOGUS

2 CIP - koninklijkebibliotheek -denhaag ISBN ISSN x AgriculturalUniversity,Wageningen,the Netherlands,1987. No partof this publication, apartfrom abstract,bibliographic dataandbrief quotationsembodiedin criticalreviews,maybe reproduced,re-corded or publishedinanyform including print, photocopy,microform, elektronicor elektromagneticrecordwithoutwrittenpermissionfrom the publisher AgriculturalUniversity, P.O.Box 9101,6700 HB Wageningen,the Netherlands. Printedinthe Netherlandsby Drukkerij VeenmanB.V.,Wageningen.

3 INTRODUCTION The present publication is a monographic revision of the Asian genera Beaumontia, Kibatalia and Vallariopsis. It is based on the study of living plants, herbarium material and spirit collections. The author had the opportunity to study living plants in the field of B. multiflora, K. arborea, K. maingayi, K. villosa and K. wigmanii. The first and last were seen only in cultivation, the others in the wild. The cultivated plants of the mentioned species he studied in the Botanic Gardens of Yogyakarta and Bogor. The genera Beaumontia and Kibatalia consist of 9 and 15 species respectively. Vallariopsis is considered to be monotypic. The three genera belong to the tribe Nerieae, of the subfamily Apocynoideae. The distribution maps are the first ever made for these genera. Almost all specimens studied are cited in the present paper. HISTORY OF THE GENERA BEAUMONTIA Beaumontia was described by WALLICH in 1824 with a single species Beaumontia grandiflora. He named it in honour of the late lady Diana Beaumont, a benevolent supporter of botanical science. Ten years earlier, ROXBURGH proposed the nomen nudum Echues grandiflora for the same taxon which he validated only in 1832, although it did not belong to the genus Echites as delimitated today. In 1850 WIGHT published a second species: B. jerdoniana. Several more followed, the last of which, B. yunnanensis Tsiang & W. C. Chen (1973), turned out to be conspecific with B. khasiana. KIBATALIA In 1826 BLUME proposed the Apocynaceous genus Hasseltia based on a single species H. arborea. He didn't know that 3 years earlier HUMBOLDT, BONPLAND and KUNTH published the Tiliaceous genus Hasseltia. When he discovered the latter, BLUME rebaptized his Hasseltia Kickxia. However, his Kickxia turned out to be a homonym of the Scrophulariaceous genus Kickxia Dumortier (1827). The latter fact was the reason why G. DON (1837) gave it its third name Kibatalia being used up to the present day. The name of Kibatalia is derived from the Sundanese, Ki Benteli. Ki = wood; Benteli = spear. Presumably its wood was used by local people for shafts of spears (personal communication of M. RIVAI and HARINI, 1985). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 1

4 ' ^ ^ *** - ' '* <!»>«MAP A. Beaumontia; m Kibatalia; * Vallariopsis. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

5 VALLARIOPSIS In 1882HOOKERf. described thespecies VMaris lancifolia based on material collectedby MAINGAYIunder Kewdistribution number 1048.WOODSON (1936) proposedthegenus Vallariopsisbasedon this species. The present authormaintainsthisgenus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION The distributionof thegeneraisshownon map A. Beaumontia occurs in tropicalasiafrom India tobaliinindonesia. B. grandiflorais theonlyspecies reaching temperateregionsin Nepal, BhutanandSikkim. The latteriswidely cultivatedin America, Europa and Africa. Kibatalia is restricted to Southeast Asia, known from Thailand south to Indonesia andeast tothe Philippines. Its area nearly reaches 127 East. Several species occur in very limited areas: K. elmeri at Irosin (Luzon), K. longifolia at Southeast Mindanao, K. macgregoriinhabit Sibuyan island and K. wigmanii Northeast Sulawesi. The mostwidely distributed species is K. maingayi covering alarge partofthe areaof the genus. Vallariopsis isonly known from continental Malaysia andfrom theislands of Siberut andpagai, Province ofwest Sumatra. It iscurious that thegenus is notyet knownfrom Sumatra. TAXONOMICPART BeaumontiaWallich,Tent. Nap ; Ker, Bot.Reg ; Chittenden, Bot. Mag. 60: ; G. Don, Gen.Syst.4: ; De Candolle, Prod. 8: ; Miquel, Fl.Ned. Ind.2: ; Bentham & Hooker, Gen.PL 2: ; Kurz, Fl. Brit. Burma 2: ; Hooker, Fl. Ind. 3: ; Bâillon, Hist. PL ; Boerlage, Fl. Ned.Ind.2: ; Cooke, Fl.Bombay2: ; Koorders,Exk. Fl. Java 3: ; Gamble, Fl. Madras5: ;Pitard in Fl. Indo-Chine3: ; Craib, Fl.Siam. 2: ;Pichon,Mem.Hist. Nat. 1: ; Bor &Raizada,Some beautiful Indien climbers andshrubs ;Backer &Bakhuizen v.d. Brink Jr., FL Java2: ; Tsiang & T'ao,Phyt, Sin. 11: ;Stevens, Fl. Has. Dist. Karnataka ; Herklots, FI. Trop. Climbers ;Tsiang & Li, Fl. Pop.Sin.63: Typespecies: Beaumontia grandiflorawallich Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 3

6 Woody climbers, producing white latex. Trunk terete;bark pale grey, rough and mostly corky. Branches terete, hollow when dry, pale grey or pale greybrown,withlongitudinallyfissured bark,lenticellate,sometimes corky;branchlets terete, lenticellate, atthe apexsomewhat quadrangular or laterally compressed. Leavesopposite, thoseof a pairequalor subequal,lessoften unequal, petiolate; petioles connate at the base into a very short ocrea, with colleters in the axils. Blade coriaceous or papyraceous, entire,with costaimpressed above and prominent beneath; secondary veins anastomizing; tertiary venation conspicuous, reticulate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal andthenoften seemingly axillary asin theaxilof subtendingleaf pair a branchletisdevelopingforthe continuation of the branch, alternating when axillary, cymose, lax or less often congested.peduncle and pedicelspuberulent, sparsely to denselypubescent orless often tomentose; bracts sepal-like,mostlywith colleters at the base of each bract (only in B. macrantha, colleters absent). Flowers 5-merous, mostly very large, actinomorphic,mostly fragrant. Sepals 5 (whichmaybe 6for B. khasiana),free, entire, with a single row of colleters at the base. Corolla consisting of a lower and an upper part; lower part cylindrical. Stamens connivent into aclosecone around thepistil head (only in B. khasiana the anther cone lessclose),without dorsal swelling; filaments filiform;anthers narrowly triangular, acuminate at the apex, sagittate at the base, introrse, tails curved towards each other; cells 2,dehiscent throughout by a longitudinal slit. Pistil: disk ring- or cup-shaped, shallowly5-lobed, or only in B. longituba 5-parted, surrounding the ovary; ovary bicarpellate;carpelsbroadly ovoid;style filiform; pistilheadellipsoid or ovoid, toppedby a conical sterile apex. In eachcellonesemiglobose or ellipsoid placenta with many ovules. Infructescences as far as is known bearing 1-2(3) fruits, pendulous. Mericarps darkbrown or darkgrey,cylindrical or ellipsoid, rounded at the apex, somewhat cordate at the base, glabrous, lenticellate, dehiscent throughout by a longitudinalslit, many-seeded. Seeds (only knownfor B. multiflora, B. murtonii and B. grandiflora): with apex of the seeds directed towards theapexof thefollicle, bearing an apical coma; grainsfusiform, brown, glabrous, granulate;comawhite,silky; hairssimple,recurved whentheseedleft the fruit; endosperm white, surrounding the embryo;embryo large, straight,white; cotyledonsflat, elliptic; rootlet cylindrical, directed towards theapexof theseed, obtuse attheapex. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Corolla tube (30)mm long, upper part (20)mm long; anthers inserted 4-6(10)mmfrom the corollabase, x mm; diskdensely pubescentor tomentose 2 - Corolla tube (20)30-130mm long, upper part (25) mm long; anthers inserted mmfrom thecorolla base, x 2-4 mm;disk glabrous or puberulent 3 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

7 2. Corolla lobes (20)25-40 x mm; mouth diameter mm; filaments 20-25(30) mmlong;stamens exserted for mm;leavessparsely puberulent orglabrescentabove 5. B.khasiana - Corolla lobes 9-12 x 6-10 mm; mouth diameter mm; filaments mmlong; stamensincludedfor 0-1 mm;leaves (sparsely)tomentose above 7.B.macrantha 3. Stamens exserted, less often included; filaments (10)15-25 mm long; pistil mm long; disk glabrous, or sometimes with hirto-puberulence at the apex 4 - Stamens included; filaments mm long; pistil mm long; disk tomentulose,pubescent ordensely hirto-puberulent 6 4. Peduncle 10mm long; sepals very narrowly ovate, about 0.2 x as long as the corolla tube, 8-10 x 2 mm; mouth 12.5mm in diameter; disk parted 6. B.longituba - Peduncle (25) mm long; sepals elliptic, obovate or narrowly ovate, x as long as the corolla tube, 9-40(45) x 2-27 mm; mouth (25) mmin diameter;disklobed 5 5. Sepals (45) x 18-27mm; colletersofthesepals 50-70inthewhole flower;lower partof the tube (10) mm long; filaments inserted mmfrom the corollabase 9. B.murtonii - Sepals 9-20(30) x 2-6(10) mm; colleters of the sepals in the whole flower; lower part of the tube 5-10 mm long; filamentsinserted 10-15(20) mmfrom the corollabase 8.B.multiflora 6. Sepals (22.5)30-55(60) x (5) 10-25(40) mm, x aslongas wide, costa and secondary veins conspicuous; colleters at each bract 7-15; pistil head x 2-3mm, atthebase hairy,furthermore glabrous; carpelstomentulose 7 - Sepals x 3-6 mm, x as long as wide, costa and secondary veinsinconspicuous; colleters at each bract 1-3; pistil head 5-10 x 3 mm, glabrous,carpelspubescent or hirto-puberulent 8 7. Corollatube 60-70(85)mmlong, inside hairy; anthers hairy outside;pedicels puberulent orlessoften pubescent;bracts x as long as wide, x 9-20 mm 1.B.brevituba - Corollatube (65)75-130mm long, inside glabrous; anthers glabrousoutside; pedicels tomentulose ordensely pubescent; bracts abouttwice as longaswide, x 5-11(15)mm 3.B.grandiflora 8. Upper part ofthecorolla tube 6-9 x aslong as the lower part, 60-90mm long; anthers 15x4 mm;colleters at the sepals in thewhole flower; baseof the corollatube hairyinside;style hairy at the base 2.B.campanulata - Upper part of the corolla tube x as long as the lower part, mm long; anthers x 2mm;colleters at the sepals 6-10 in the whole flower; base of the corolla tube glabrous inside; style glabrous at the base 4.B.jerdoniana Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

8 1. Beaumontia brevituba Oliver in Hooker, Icon. PI. 16: t ; Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3: ; Tsiang & Li, Fl. Pop. Sin. 63: Fig. 1; Map 1 Type: China: Kwangtung (Guangdong): Hainan, Henry 16 (K, holotype). Woody climber, 3-5 m high. Trunk up to 2.5 cm in diameter. Branchets pale yellow or grey, pubescent. Leaves: petiole mm long, puberulent or sparsely pubescent, rarely glabrous, sometimes lenticellate, with colleters in 1-3 rows in the axils; blade obovate or elliptic, x as long as wide, (7) x (3)5-11 cm, acute or apiculate at the apex, at the base cuneate, sometimes almost rounded, above glabrous and sometimes pubescent only on the costa, beneath glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent; with 9-15 secondary veins on each side. Inflorescences lax, 1-6-flowered, (1.8) x as long as the leaves, cm long, once-branched. Peduncle 10-35(45) mm long, puberulent, less often pubescent; pedicles mm long, puberulent, less often pubescent; bract elliptic or ovate, x as long as wide, x 9-20 mm, x as long as the sepals, apiculate at the apex, sparsely pubescent on both sides, deciduous or persistent, with 7-10 colleters in a single row. Flowers fragrant or odourless. Sepals foliaceous, pale yellow, elliptic or obovate, (2.5) x as long as wide, x mm, outside puberulent, inside puberulent or often glabrous, acuminate at the apex, with colleters in the whole flower, with conspicuous costa and veins; colleters slender, 1 mm long, acuminate at the apex. Corolla white or less often creamy; tube x as long as the calyx, x as long as the mouth diameter, 60-70(85) mm long, puberulent on both sides; lower part mm long; upper part widely obconical or nearly rotate, x as long as the lower part, 45-50(70) mm long, at the mouth mm in diameter; lobes Ungulate, x as long as wide, x mm, acute at the apex, puberulent on both sides, with conspicuous parallel veins. Stamens included for 0-5 mm, rarely exserted; filament inserted at about mm from the corolla base, mm long, glabrous; anthers x 3 mm, at the apex for about 2 mm sterile, outside with some pubescence, inside glabrous. Pistil about mm long; disk cupshaped, 1-3 x 4-5 mm, sparsely puberulent at the apex; ovary superior; carpels connate, x 3-4 mm, tomentulose; style mm long, glabrous; pistil head 10x3 mm, with some hirto-pubescence near the base, furthermore glabrous. Infructescences: Mericarps obovoid, black when dry, 6x3 cm, glabrous, subtended by the persistent calyx; pedicels 4 cm long, glabrous, lenticellate; seed unknown. Distribution: China: Hainan. Ecology: Thickets or forests in the mountains, often or river banks. Altitude up to 1700 m. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

9 FIG. 1. Beaumontia brevituba. 1, habit (x ); part of flower opened (x ); 3, anther, ventral view ( x 2); 4, anther, dorsal view ( x 2); 5, part of pistil ( x f); 6, flower base, partly dissected ( x f). 1-6 from Lau Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

10 MAP 1. Beaumontia brevituba Specimens examined: CHINA: Kwantung Prov., Hainan, Tarn Distr., Hung Mo Shan (fl. May) Tsang & Fung 190 (A, G, K, NY, P, UC, US); Chang Kiang Distr., near Ka Chick Shan (fl. Apr.) Lau 1492 (A, NY, P); Kan-en Distr.: Chim Fung Ling near Sam Mo Watt (fl. March) Lau 3606 (P); near Fong Ngan Po (fl. Feb.) Lau 5520 (A); Five finger Mt. (fl. May) Woon Young Chun 1537 (UC); Bak Sa (fr. June) Lau (A); ibid. (fl. March) Lau (A); sin. loc. (fl. June) Katsumada (UC); sin. loc. (fl. March) Henry 16 (K, type) Liang (NY). 8 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

11 FIG. 2. Beaumontia campanulata. 1, habit ( x ); flower opened ( x }); 3-4, anther both sides ( x 2); 5, pistil head with anthers ( x 2); 6, basal part of flower ( x 4). 1-6 from Bon Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

12 2. Beaumontia campanulata Pitard in FI. Indo-Chine 3: Fig. 2; Map 2 Type: Vietnam (Tonkin): Kien Khe, Dong Ham, Bon 3828 (P, lectotype; isotype: P). Homotypic synonym: B. pitardii Tsiang,Sunyatsenia2: Woody climber. Branchessmooth,withlongitudinally fissured bark; branchlets dark brown,sparsely todenselypubescent. Leaves:petiole 10-20mm long, puberulent orpubescent, sometimes glabrous,with 6-20 colletersin 1-2 rows in the axils; blade elliptic or obovate, x as long as wide, x cm, often some basal smaller, apex apiculate, at the base cuneate or almostrounded, above glabrous orsometimesonlyonthe costaandveins more densely so;with secondary veins on each side. Inflorescences lax, about 1 x aslongas theleaves, 14-17cm long, 6-9-flowered, once branched. Peduncle mm long, tomentulose; pedicels mm long, tomentulose; bracts ovate, 2-5 x as long as wide, x 3-5 mm, acute at the apex, tumentulose on both sides, mostlypersistent, with 1-3 colleters. Flowerswhite, probably fragrant. Sepalsnarrowly elliptic, x as long as wide, x 3-6 mm,acute at theapex, tomentulose on both sides,with colleters in the whole flower; costa and veins inconspicuous. Corolla: tube x aslong as the calyx, mm long, 2-4 x as long as the mouth diameter, outside with some puberulence, inside glabrous but sparsely puberulent at the extreme base;lower part 10 mm long;upper part narrowly campanulate, 6-9 x aslong asthelower part, 60-90mm long, atthe mouth 25-35mmin diameter;lobes broadlyovate, x as long aswide, x 15-25mm,acute or acuminate at the apex, outsidesparsely puberulent,inside glabrate; veins parallel,conspicuous. Stamens included for 5-10 mm; filaments inserted mm from the corolla base, mm long, glabrous; anthers 15x4 mm, at theapexfor 3-4 mmsterile,outsideglabrous or often with some hirto-puberulence, inside glabrous. Pistil mm long; disk cup-shaped, x 2-3 mm,shallowly5-lobed,glabrouson bothsides,puberulent atthe apex,envelopingtheovary;ovary superior;carpels 1.5 x 2 mm,pubescent; style 60-70mm long, nearthebasesparselyhirto-puberulent, furthermore glabrous; pistil head mm long, glabrous. Fruit unknown. Distribution: Vietnam (Tonkin). Ecology: In mountain areaonrockysoil. Altitude unknown. Vernacular names: Vietnam: Giai Hoang or Hung (Kien Khe)teste Bon Specimens examined: VIETNAM (TONKIN): Dong Dang (fl. Feb.) Balansa s.n. (P);Kien Khe:DongHam (fl. March)Bon 3828 (P, type); DongBau, Bon2871 (P, paratype);sin. loc. (fl. Apr.)Bon2056 (P, paratype). 10 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

13 MAP 2.Beaumontia campanulata 3. Beaumontia grandiflora Wallich, Tent. Nap ; Cat ; Ker, Bot. Reg ; Geel, Sert. Bot. 1: ; Chittenden, Bot. Mag. 60: ; G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4: ; Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: ; Kurz, Fl. Burm. 2: ; Brandis, Ind. Trees ; Cooke, Fl. Bombay 2: ;PitardinFl.Indo-Chine3: ; Bor&Raizada, Ind. Climbers and Shrubs ; Maheshwari, Fl. Delhi ; Herklots, Fl. Trop. Climbers Fig. 3; Map 3 Type: Nepal: Noakote, Nawakot, Wallich (K-WALL, holotype). Homotypic synonym: Echues grandiflora Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 11

14 FIG.3. Beaumontia grandiflora. 1, habit ( x );2, partoflower opened ( x ); 3, partofdiskdissected ( x if); 4, anther, dorsalview ( x ); 5, anther, ventralview (f );6, pistilhead and antherdorsalview ( x f);7,seed ( x f). 1-6from Grierson &Long3546; 7from Wallich Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

15 Large woody climber or shrub 1-20 mhigh. Trunk up to 2cmin diameter; bark corky, longitudinally fissured; branchlets sulcate when dry, dark brown, pubescent or tomentulose, less often glabrous. Leaves: petiole (5)10-30 mm long, channeledabove, glabrous,lessoften sparsely todensely pubescent,sometimes lenticellate, with colleters in 1-3 rows in the axils (occasionally colleters present on the ocrea); blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or obovate, x as long as wide, (8.5) x (3.5) 5-15 cm, often some basal smaller, equal- or subequal-sided, acuminate, acute or apiculate at the apex, at the base cuneate or decurrent into the petiole, rarely rounded,lessoften slightly sinuate at the margin, above glabrous or sparsely puberulent, especially on the costa more densely so, beneath glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent, ussuallywithblack dots;with 8-18(20)secondary veins on eachside. Inflorescences lax, 3-19-flowered, 1-3 branched, (12)15-25 cmlong, x aslong as the leaves. Peduncle (5-10)25-65(90) mm long, sparsely todensely pubescent or tomentulose, lenticellate; pedicels mm long, tomentulose or densely pubescent; bracts elliptic, about twiceaslongaswide, x 5-11(15) mm, x aslong as thesepals, obtuseoracuminate attheapex,densely pubescenton bothsides,persistent ordeciduous,with colletersin asingle row. Sepals foliaceous, palegreen,lessoften purplish, obovate or elliptic, (6) x aslong aswide, (22.5)30-55(60) x (5)10-25(40) mm, acuminate at the apex, sometimesacute, entire,sparsely todenselypubescent on both sides,withconspicuous costa and veins, with colleters in the whole flower; colleters slender, about 1 mm long, acuminate atthe apex. Corollawhite, creamy or pale yellow, at the base pale green (testibus: Forrest 16248, Gierson &Lang4309); tube x as long as the calyx, (65) mmlong, sparsely to densely pubescentoutside,rarely puberulent,inside glabrous; lower part (10)15-25mm long, upper part narrowly obconical or less often campanulate, (2.5)3.2-6(7) x as long as the lower part, (50) mm long, at the mouth mm in diameter; lobes suborbicular or broadly ovate, sometimes Ungulate, equalor unequal-sided, x aslongaswide, x 15-40mm, acuminate at the apex,sparsely puberulent or lessoften glabrous on both sides,withconspicuousparallelveins. Stamenswhite,included for (0)5-25(30)mm,rarelyexserted; filaments inserted at 25-40mmfrom the corolla base, mmlong, sparsely hirto-puberulent or glabrous;anthers x 2 mm, at the apex for 1.5mmsterile, glabrouson bothsides. Pistil mmlong;disk ring-shaped, x 3-4 mm, sparsely puberulent at the apex, superior; carpels connate, 3x9 mm, tomentulose; style mm long, sparsely hirto-puberulent or glabrous;pistil head 12x5 mm,glabrous. Infructescences: pedicels 5 x 1 cm, glabrous, lenticellate; peduncle 3 x 1 cm, glabrous, lenticellate. Fruits: mericarps darkgrey, x 5-6 cm,ellipsoid, obtuse at the apex, seeded; wall 2-3 mmthick,palebrowninside. Seeds: grains x 4-7 mm, obtuse at theboth ends; coma (20)40-70mmlong; embryo:cotyledons x 3-4 mm; rootlet 3x1 mm. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 13

16 MAP 3. Beaumontia grandiflora Distribution: Nepal, Bhutan,India,Bangladesh,Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand,Vietnam. Ecology: Humid montane forests, in valleys or on river banks. Altitude m. Vernacular names: TaoTurn YarnChang (Thai),teste Put3584. Uses: Ornamental. The young branches are used for making coarse ropes (Bor &Raizada, 1954). Most of the specimens examined: NEPAL: EAST: Dingla, Udaipur (fl. Apr.) Banerji 1568 (A); Iripura (fl. Jan.) N.B. s.n. (E); Kali Gandaki, Totupani (fl. Apr.) Rice 1578 (US); Mayangdi Khola (fl. Apr.) Stainton et al (E, UPS); Mayangdi Khola near Beni (fl. Apr.) Stainton et al. 106 (E, UPS); Kali Gandaki near Beni (fl. Apr.) Stainton et al. 86 (E); sin. loc, Carrey s.n. (K); Noakote, Nawakot, Wallich (K- WALL, type). BHUTAN: Tongsa Distr., Wang de Khola below Shamgong, Grierson & Long 4309 (E); Samchi Distr., Phunsholing (fl. Feb.) Grierson & Long 2993 (E); Gaylephung Distr., Lodrai Khola (fl. March) Grierson & Long 3890 (E); Sarbhong Distr., 12 km E. of Sarbhong, near Lao Pani, Grierson 14 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

17 & Long 3546 (E); Byiti Sam, Mangde Chu (fl. March) Ludlow et al (E); Mangde Chu (fl. May) Ludlow & Sherriff 3066 (E, UPS). INDIA: Bettiah, Rastler 396 (K); Bombay: sin. loc, Herb. Dalzell s.n. (K). North West: Royle, Anonym, s.n. (K). Ichgaon (?) (fl. March) Biswas 3258 (CAL); Calcutta, CBO s.n. (E); sin. loc. (fl. Dec.) Herb. Graham s.n. (G); Saharanpur (fl. March) Golland 1294 (E); Sikkim: Pakanburi, Hooker s.n. (C, E, G, K, L, LD, M, MEL, NY, OXF, P, U, W): sin. loc. (fl. Feb.) Native collector 204 (CAL, M, Z); Serampore, Voigt s.n. (C). GARO HILLS: Dorokma (fl. March) Perry 1328 (K); sin. loc, Srinivasan s.n. (CAL); Mt. Tura (fr. March) Koelz a (MICH), Koelz (L, MICH); Ercha, near Kalimpong (fl.,fr. March) Gamble 3225 (K); Thora, near Sivoke (fl. Apr.) Gamble 3224 A (K). ASSAM: Lusai Hills (fl. Apr.) Koelz (L, MICH); Abor Hills, Dihang (fl. Feb.) Kingdon-Ward 7856 (K). Chutia Nagpur, Palandu, Cooke 94 (K); Cochan, Keenan s.n. (K): Kanara, Yellapur (fl. Nov.) Bell7522 (K); sin. loc (fl. Oct.) Herb. Weber s.n. (HBG). BANGLADESH: Chittagong, Sylhet, Anonym., s.n. (E); Sylhet, Wallich (K-WALL, M). Buxa Duars (fl. March) Biswar 1942 (NY). BURMA: Nam Hka (fl. Apr.) Dickason 9770 (A); Thaton Distr., Tawokywa, Thaungyu valley (fl. March) Lace 4690 (E, K); sin. loc, Toppin 3043 (E). CHINA: YUNNAN: Salween valley (fl. Apr.) Forrest (A, E, K, W); ibid. (fl. Apr.) Forrest (E); sin. loc, Forrest 9922 (E); Szemao, Henry (A, E, K, L, MO, NY, W); Kauin Fang (fl. Aug.) Orleans s.n. (P). THAILAND: sin. loc, Herb. Desvaux 398 (P); Lamphong, Me Laung (fl. March) Winit 1639 (BM, K, P); Korat Prov., Kao Lam Put 3384 (BM). VIETNAM: Mt. Tay Ninh (fl.,fr. Feb.) Muller 914 (K, P); between Dong Mo and Van Linh (fl. March) Pételot 2441 (A, MO). CULTIVATED: USA: Lake of Central Florida (fl. Nov.) Farlin 5229 (MICH); Los Angeles (fl. Apr.) Griffiths 4340 (K). GUATEMALA: near Coban (fl. March, Apr.) Standley (F). HONDURAS: Lancetilla valley near Tela (fl. March, Dec) Standley (F, US). EL SALVADOR: Pomincio, Calderon 484 (NY, US). COSTA RICA: San Jose (fl. Dec.) Brenez & Valerio 138 (F); National Park (fl. Jan.) Khan et al. 319 (BM). CUBA: Santa Clara, Soledad, Cienfuegas (fl. Jan.) Brues s.n. (GH). JAMAICA: Arntully, Orcutt 5639 (US). MARTINIQUE: sin. loc, Belanger s.n. (P). GUADELOUPE: sin. loc. (fl. March) Questel 2314 (US). TRINIDAD: Port of Spain (fl. Nov.) B.E.D. s.n. (F). BERMUDA Islands: Agricultural Station, Brown et al.2010 (NY). HAITI: Port au Prince (fl. Nov.) Ekman s.n. (K). BRAZIL: Saô Paulo (fl. Aug.) Kuhlmann 4322 (K, US). GREAT BRITTAIN: Kew Bot. Gard. (fl. Apr.) Anonvm. s.n. (K). AFRICA: GHANA: Legon (fl. Feb.) Leeuwenberg (WAG). NIGERIA: Bot. Gard, of Ibadan University (fl. Oct.) Emwiogbon (FHO, WAG). ZAIRE: Kisantu (fl. Sept.) Callens 2869 (NY). ZAMBIA: Livingstone (fl. July) Gilges 650 (K, M, SRGH). KENYA: Nairobi Arboretum (fl. June) Williams 460 (FHO, K). MALAWI: Zomba Bot. Gard. (fl. Aug.) Salubeni 816 (SRGH). MOZAMBIQUE: Vasco da Gama Gard. (fl. Dec) Balsinhas 1917 (K, LISC). MADAGASCAR: sin loc, Anonym, s.n. (MEL). REUNION: sin. loc, Cadet s.n. (P). MAURITIUS: Bot. Gard. (fl. Sept.) Gueho (MAU); Rose Hills (fl. Sept.) Rivaland 422 (MAU). ASIA: INDIA: Calcutta Bot. Gard. (fl. Jan.) Wallich (G, K-WALL), 226 (C), s.n. (MEL), Hort. Neap., Wallich s.n. (L). New Delhi (fl. March) Rich 982 (K). CHINA: Hongkong Bot. Gard., Chun 6169 (UC); Chung Chi campus (fl. Feb.) Hu 6582 (K, MICH, US); Fukien, Foochow (fl. Apr.) Chung 2695 (K, UC). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 15

18 THAILAND: Kasetsart University (fl. Dec.) Watdamnahsamp 31 (L). SINGAPORE: Palace of Sultan (fl. July) Anonym, s.n. (L). INDONESIA: Bogor Bot. Gard., Merrill s.n. (NY). Note: In 1814 ROXBURGH published a nomen nudum Echites grandiflora in Hort. Beng , which he validated only in As meanwhile WALLICH had published Beaumontia grandiflora as a valid name for the same species in Tent. Nap , he is the author. 4. Beaumontia jerdoniana Wight, Icon. PI. 4(2): ; Walpers, An. Bot. 3: ; Hooker, Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: ; Brandis, Ind. Trees ; Cooke, Fl. Bomb. 2: 138,1908; Gamble, Fl. Madras 5: ; Stevens, Fl. Has. Dist. Karnataka Fig. 4; Map 4 Type: India: sin. loc, Herb. Wight s.n. (K, holotype). Woody climber. Branches glabrous, with longitudinally fissured bark; branchlets smooth and with dark brown sparse pubescence. Leaves: petiole 5-25 mm long, glabrous or rarely puberulent, with 2-8 colleters in a single row in the axils; blade obovate or often elliptic, x as long as wide, (7) x cm, equal-sided, long acuminate at the apex, at the base cuneate, glabrous above or sometimes sparsely pubescent on the costa, beneath glabrous or sparsely pubescent; with secondary veins on each side. Inflorescences lax, 6-9-flowered, x as long as the leaves, cm long, cymose, once branched. Peduncle (15) mm long, sparsely pubescent; pedicels mm long, pubescent; bracts elliptic, x as long as wide, x 3-4 mm, acuminate at the apex, sparsely pubescent on both sides, with 1-3 colleters, deciduous. Flowers: Sepals pale green with light pink on the veins (teste Saldanha 16005), elliptic x as long as wide, x 3-6mm, acuminate at the apex, pubescent on both sides, mostly with invisible veins, with 6-10 colleters in the whole flower; colleters slender, 1 mm long, acuminate at the apex. Corolla white (teste Saldanha 16005); tube x as long as the calyx, mm long, x as long as the mouth diameter, outside sparsely puberulent, inside glabrous; lower part mm long; upper part widely obconical, x as long as the lower part, mm long, at the mouth mm in diameter; lobes ovate or hemi-orbicular, 0.5 x as long as the calyx, about 1 x as long as wide, x mm, acute or rounded at the apex, sparsely puberulent on both sides, with conspicuous parllel veins. Stamens included for 5-10 mm, inserted mm from the corolla base, mm long, glabrous; anthers x 2 mm, acuminate, at the apex for 1 mm sterile, glabrous on both sides. Pistil about mm long; disk x 4 mm, sparsely hirto-puberulent at the apex; ovary superior; carpels connate, 1-2 x 3 mm, densely hirto-puberulent; style green, mm long, glabrous; pistil head green, 8-10 x 3 mm, glabrous. Fruit unknown. 16 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

19 FIG. 4. Beaumontia jerdoniana. 1, flowering branch (x j); 2,bud (xf); 3, opened flower (xf); 4, ovary with disk and colleters (x3); 5-6, stamen both sites (x3); 7, fruit (xf); 8, seed (xf). 1, 3-6from Saldanha 16005; 2from Thomson3411; 7-8fromWights.n. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 17

20 MAP 4. Beaumontiajerdoniana Distribution: India,Burma. Ecology: Monsoonforests inthe mountains. Altitude: unknown. Specimens examined: INDIA: BOMBAY: between Maratha and Canara, Young s.n. (BM); Bhudargad, Young s.n. (L); sin. loc. (fl. Apr.) Dalzell s.n. (K); near Mercara (fl. Feb.) Hohenacker s.n. (K). HASSAN Distr.: Mysore (fl. Jan.) Saldanha (US). Mt. Nilgiri & Kurg, Gibson s.n. in Herb Hook.f. & Thomson (K, P). MALABAR: near Concan, Stocks et al. s.n. (GH, K, L. P, W). MADRAS: Nilgiri, Cleghorn s.n. (E). Nerear (?) (fl. Feb.) Anonym. 461 (U); sin. loc, Herb. Wight s.n. (K, type). BURMA: Wa Distr.: Nan Pan Chaung (fl. Apr.) Khant (K). CULTIVATED: USA: S. California (fl. May) Griffith 5061 (K). INDIA: Calcutta Bot. Gard. (fl. Feb.) Debbormann (CAL). THAILAND: Bangkok, Collins s.n. (BM). INDONESIA: Bogor Bot. Gard. (fl. Nov.) Merrill s.n. (NY, US); ibid., Spire s.n. (P); ibid., Leeuwenberg 13160,13161,13183,13185 (WAG). 18 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

21 5. B.khasiana Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: ; Brandis, Ind. Trees Fig.5;Map 5 Type: India, Meghalaya: Mt. Khasia, Nungklow, Lobb s.n. (K: holotype; isotype: W). Heterotypic synonyms: B. shanica McGregor et Smith, Ree. Bot. Surv. Ind. 4: Corrigenda to vol. 4, fase. 6, p. 278 line 10for B. brevituba and B. shanica nom. nov. The specific name of brevituba ispreoccupied. Vol. 4, p. 278isinfasc. 5,1911. Type: Burma:S.Shan state, McGregor 1286(K, holotype; isotype: E). B. yunnanensis Tsiang et W.C. Chen, Act. Phyt. 11: ; Tsiang, Icon. Sin.3: Type: China: Yunnan, Lung-Lang Hsien,Tsai (A, BO, isotypes). Woody climber. Trunk stout. Branchletssmooth, denselydark brown-pubescent. Leaves: petiole 10-30(40) mm long, (sparsely) puberulent or less often pubescent,with 8-25 colleters in 1-2 rowsin theaxils;ocrea with 5-12colleters; bladeelliptic orobovate, x as long aswide, x cm, longacuminateor apiculate at the apex, atthe base cuneate or almost rounded,above sparsely puberulent or glabrescent, onlyonthe costa and secondaryveins more densely hairy, beneathtomentoseor velutinous;with ( 12)13-18secondaryveins on each side. Inflorescences lax, cmlong, x aslong astheleaves, 9-13-flowered, 1-2 x branched.peduncle mm long,densely pubescent; bracts x aslongasthesepals, x aslongaswide, x 6-7 mmorsometimes smaller,narrowlyelliptic, acuminate attheapex,denselypubescent on both sides, with 3-5 colleters in a single row, persistent. Flowers probably fragrant. Sepals narrowly elliptic ornarrowly ovate, x aslong as wide (7)10-16 x 2-5(10) mm, acuminate at the apex, densely pubescent on bothsides,with 5-30colleters in the wholeflower; costa andveins inconspicuous. Corolla white; tube x as long as the calyx, x as long as the mouth diameter, mm long, outside pubescent, often near the base more densely so, inside glabrous or with several tufts of hairs, only near the basedenselyhirto-pubescent;lower part 4-5(7.5)mmlong; upper part broadly campanulate, x as long asthelower,6-15(20)mm long, at the mouth mm wide; lobes broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, x as long aswide, x aslongasthecorolla tube, x mm, rounded at the apex, (sparsely) puberulent or pubescenton both sides,equal-sided; parallelveinsespeciallyin thelobesconspicuous. Stamens exserted for about mm; filaments inserted wherethecorolla tubewidens,being 4-5(10) mm from thecorolla base, 20-25(30) mmlong, at thebasetwisted and with some hirtopuberulence, furthermore glabrous or with some puberulence; anthers x mm, at the apex for about mm sterile, glabrous or with some puberulence outside, inside glabrous. Pistil (40) mm long; disk ringshaped, shallowly 5-lobed, 1-2 x 3-5 mm, outside sparsely todenselypubescent, at the apex often more densely so; ovary superior; carpels connate, 2 x Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 19

22 FIG. 5. Beaumontia khasiana. 1, flowering branch (x 3); 2, detail of leaf beneath (x 1); 3, flower ( x ); 4, opened flower ( x f); 5-6, anther both sides ( x 3); 7, anthers with pistil head ( x 3); 8, ovary with disk and colleters ( x 4). 1-8 from Kingdon-Ward Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

23 3mm,densely pubescent;style 20-30mm long, hirsute;pistilhead 4-5 x mm, glabrous or often only at the extreme apex with some hirto-puberulence. Fruit unknown. Distribution: India,Burma,China (Yunnan). Ecology: Forestsin thehigh mountains. Altitude m. Uses: Ornamental MAP 5. Beaumontia khasiana Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 21

24 Specimens examined: INDIA: Mt. Khasia, Nungklow, Lobb s.n. (K, W, Type). BURMA: S. Shan state, Kiu Long, W. of Keng Tung (fl. March) McGregor 1286 (K, E, type of B. shanica); Hkinlum, Kachin state (fl. Apr.) Kingdon-Ward (E). CHINA: Yunnan, Lung Ling Hsien (fl. March) Tsai (A, BO, type of B. yunnanensis ). CULTIVATED: INDONESIA: Bogor Bot. Gard., Spire s.n. (L). 6.Beaumontialongituba Craibin Fedde, Repert Fig. 6; Map 6 Type:India: Naga Hills, Saithu near Manipur, (fl. Nov.) Meebold 6615 (K, holotype). Climbing shrub. Branches glabrous, smooth, sulcate when dry, with many black dots; branchlets pale grey, with many black dots. Leaves: petiole mm long, glabrous, with many black dots, with 5-10 colleters in 1 row in the axils; blade narrowly elliptic, x as long as wide, x cm, often some basal smaller, acuminate at the apex, at the basecuneate, glabrous and with many black dots on both sides;with secondary veins on each side. Inflorescences lax, once branched, 6-7-flowered, 10cm long, x as longastheleaves. Peduncle 10 mm long,with dark browndense short pubescence;pedicels 3-4 mm long, with dark brown dense short pubescence; bracts narrowly ovate, x aslong aswide, 5-8 x mm, acuminate at the apex, outside pubescent,insidesparsely pubescent,persistent,with 1-2 colleters at the edges. Flowers: Sepalsverynarrowlyovate, 4-5 x aslongaswide, about 0.2 x as long as the corolla tube, 8-10 x 2 mm, acuminate or acute at the apex, with dense short pubescence on both sides,with inconpicuous costa and veins,with about 35 colletersin thewhole flower; colleters slender, 1mmlong, acuminate at the apex. Corolla white(?); tube x as long as the calyx, x as long as the mouth diameter, about 45 mm long, outside at the lower part denselypubescent and at theupper part moredensely so,insideglabrous; lower part 20 mm long; upper part obconical, 1.25 x as long as the lower part,25mmlong, at the mouth 12.5mmindiameter;lobesovate, equalsided, x aslong aswide, x 10 mm, acute at the apex, sparsely pubescent on both sides, with inconspicuous parallel veins. Stamensincluded for 3-5 mm; filamentsinserted at about 24-25mm from the corolla base,10-11 mmlong; anthers 11 x 1.75 mm, at the apex for about 2mm sterile, glabrous on both sides. Pistil43 mm long; disk consisting of 5 parts, 2x1 mm; parts rounded and puberulous at the apex, glabrous elsewhere;ovary superior; carpels connate, 2 x 1mm, densely pubescent; style 35mm long, sparsely to densely pubescent;pistilhead 8x2 mm, glabrous. Fruits unknown. Distribution: India: NagaHills,Saithunear Manipur. Ecology: Forestsonthe mountains. Altitude: 1200 m. Onlyknownfrom the type. 22 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

25 FIG. 6. Beaumontia longituba. 1, flowering branch ( x ); 2, opened flower ( x f); 3-4, anther both sides ( x 2);5, anthers with pistil head ( x 2);6, ovary ( x 4). 1-6 from Meebold Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 23

26 MAP 6. Beaumontia longituba 7. Beaumontia macrantha (Ridley) Rudjiman, Meded. Landb. Wag : Fig. 7; Map 7 Basionym: Vallaris macrantha Ridley, Journ. Fed. Mal. Stat. Mus Type: Thailand: Tapli, Kloss 6946 (K, holotype). Heterotypic synonym: B. rosea Fischer, Kew Bull Type: Burma: Bausanpan, Parkinson 7751 (K, holotype). 24 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

27 FIG. 7. Beaumontia macrantha. 1, branchlet ( x ); 2, node with colleters ( x 2); 3, flowering branch ( x ); 4, flower ( x If); 5, opened flower ( x 1}); 6, pistil ( x 4); 7, sepal with colleters ( x 4); 8-9, stamen both sides ( x 4). 1-9 from Kerr Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 25

28 Climbing shrub upto 5 mhigh. Stem up to 1.25cmin diameter (according to Ridley, 1922); bark fibrous. Branches smooth; branchletspalegrey,whitishpubescent. Leavesprobably only attheapexdecussate;petiole cmlong (copiedfrom Fischer (1929)andRidley (1920)), tomentose, with 10-20colleters in 1-3 rows in the axils; blade elliptic, x as long aswide, x 12-15cm (copied from Fischer and Ridley), apiculate at theapex, cuneate or almost rounded at the base, above (sparsely) tomentose, beneath tomentose; with 6-8secondaryveins oneachside. Inflorescencescongested, 2-3 x as long as theleaves, 7-7.5cm long, flowered, 1-3 branched. Peduncle mm long, tomentose; pedicels mm long, tomentose; bracts elliptic, x as longas wide, 6-8 x mm, acuminate atthe apex, tomentose on both sides, deciduous; colleters absent. Flowers probably fragrant. Sepals elliptic, x as long aswide, 8-9 x 2-3 mm,acuminate at theapex, tomentose on both sides, with 8-10 colleters in the whole flower; costa and veinsinconspicuous. Corolla paleyellow orlight pink; tube x aslong asthecalyx, x aslongas the mouth diameter, (25) mm long, tomentose outside, inside tomentose near thebaseandsparsely so atthe apex, with a glabrous belt in the middle;lower part 5-6mm long; upper partcampanulate, x aslongas thelower, mm long,with 10(5 x 2) appendages attheextremeapexalternating withthe lobes, at the mouth mm wide; lobesbroadly ovate, x aslongas wide, 9-12 x 6-10mm,acute atthe apex, tomentoseon bothsides,with inconspicuous parallelveins. Stamens included for 0-1 mm; filaments inserted where thecorolla tube widens, being 5-6mmfrom thecorolla base; about mmlong,tomentoseat thebase, and with hirto-pubescense at the apex, furthermore glabrous; anthers 8-10 x 1.5 mm, at the apexforabout 1 mmsterile,outside hirto-pubescent, insideglabrous. Pistil about 20mmlong; disk cup-shaped, x 3 mm,shallowly 5-lobed,glabrous outside, at theapex tomentose; ovary superior; carpels connate, 1 x 2.5mm, tomentose;style 17-18mmlong, (sparsely)tomentose; pistil head 2 x 1 mm, glabrous. Fruitunknown. Distribution: Burma, Thailand. Ecology: Coastalarea,lowlandforests. Altitude 0-200m. Vernacular name: Muantum (Thai). Uses: probablyuseful as an ornamental. Specimens examined: BURMA: Bausanpan (fl. Apr.) Parkinson 7751 (K, type of B. rosea). THAILAND: Tapli, Kloss 6946 (K, type); Tamben Kao, Panom Krabi (fl. March) Kerr (BM, E, K, L, P). 26 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

29 MAP 7. Beaumontia macrantha 8. Beaumontia multiflora Teijsm. et Binn., Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. 4: ; Vriese & Dozy, Ned. Kruid. Arch. 3: ; Boerlage, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: ; Koorders, Exk. Fl. Java 3: ; Backer & Bakhuizen v.d. Brink Jr., Fl. Java 2: Fig. 8; Map 8 Type: Indonesia: West Java: Banten, Teijsmann (BM, lectotype). Woody evergreen climber, 4-20 m high. Trunk 3-15 cm in diameter; bark 2-3 mm thick, scabrous; sapwood straw-coloured, conspicuously porous. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 27

30 FIG. 8. Beaumontia multiflora. 1, habit (xj); 2, outline of fully developed leaf (x j); 3, section of flower ( x ); 4, anther, ventral view ( x f); 5, pistil head ( x f); 6, flower base, partly dissected ( xa). 1-6 from Leeuwenberg Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

31 Branches corky, with longitudinally fissured bark; branchlets palegrey-brown, smooth, sulcate when dry and with dark brown-pubescence. Leaves: petiole 10-20mm long, glabrousorlessoften sparsely puberulent,with colleters in asinglerow in theaxils;blade darkgreen andshinyabove, elliptic,less often obovate, x as long aswide, x 3-13cm, apiculate or caudate at the apex, at the base cuneate orlessoftenrounded, glabrous orsparsely puberulentabove, beneath sparsely todenselypubescent, rarely glabrous;with costa sometimes white-spotted, with secondary veins on each side. Inflorescences lax, 9-38-flowered, 10-17cm long, x aslong as theleaves.peduncle mmlong, sparsely puberulent, somewhat quadrangular or laterally compressed, often lenticellate;pedicels mm long, sparsely dark brownpubescent; bracts pale green, pink at the extreme apex,elliptic, x as longaswide, 5-9 x 2-4 mm,acuminate attheapex,outsidepubescent, inside pubescentexceptforthe glabrous base,with 5-20colleters in asingle row. Sepals palegreen or maroon, sometimespinkish at both margins,elliptic or narrowly ovate, x as long as wide, x as long as the tube, 9-20(30) x 2-6(10)mm, acuminate at the apex, sparsely todensely pubescenton bothsides, or glabrous inside, with conspicuous costa and veins, with colleters in thewholeflower; colleters about 1 mm long, acuminate ortruncate attheapex. Corolla white,near thebase paleyellow or light green; tube (1.75) 3-4.5(5) x aslong asthecalyx, (20)30-45(50)mm long,outsidesparsely todensely pubescent, inside glabrous; lower part 5-10 mm long;upper part widely obconical, 3-4(5) x as long as the lower part, (25) (40) mm long, at the mouth (25) (70) mm in diameter; lobes broadly ovate, x as long as wide, x mm, rounded or acute at the apex,rarely obtuse, unequalsided, spreading,somewhat twisted at the rightmargin,outsidesparselypubescent,insidesparselypubescent orlessoften glabrate,withconspicuous parallel veins. Stamenscreamy orbrown,exserted for 0-5 mm,lessoften included; filaments white, inserted 10-15(20) mm from the corolla base, mm long, bending outward near the apex, widened at the apex, glabrous; anthers x 2-3 mm,at theapexfor 1-2 mm sterile,glabrous on both sides. Pistillight green, mm long; disk cup-shaped, 1-2 x 3-5 mm, obscurely 5-lobed, glabrousorlessoften withsome puberulence,envelopingthe ovary;ovarysemiinferior; carpels connate, x 2-4 mm,tomentulose ordenselypubescent; style light green, 25-30(35) mm long, sparsely hirto-puberulent near thebase, furthermore glabrous;pistil headlightgreen,7.5 x 2 mm. Infructescences:pedicels 3-5 x 0.75 cm, pale grey, glabrous, with some lenticels;peduncle short, glabrous,lenticellate. Mericarps dark or dark brown,cylindrical, x 4-7 cm, rounded at the apex, somewhat cordate at the base, glabrous, lenticellate, seeded;wall 2-3mm thick, paleyellow inside. Seeds:grains (10)14-18 x (2)4-7mm,obtuse at theapex,acute or obtuseat thebase; coma (15)20-50 mmlong;embryo: cotyledons x 4-4.5mm; rootlet 3-4 x 1mm. Distribution: Indonesia:FromSumatra to JavaandBali. Malaysia: Continent:Selangor. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 29

32 <=N>\. C -10 MAP8. Beaumontia multiflora Ecology: Lowland or mountainforests.altitude m. Vernacular names: Susu Munding (Sundanese, according to Teijsmann & Binnendijk, 1853);SusuKebo (Javanese, according to Koorders, 1912). Both meanmilkof buffaloes. Uses: Ornamental. Specimens examined: MALAYSIA: Selangor State, Batu caves (fl. Nov.) Sinclair (SING); ibid. (fl. Dec.) Ridley s.n. (K). INDONESIA: SUMATRA: NORTH: near Medan (fl. Dec.) Lörzing (BO); South: N.W. of Ranau Lake, near Kampung Sukanegri (fl. Oct.) Van Steenis 3438 (BO). JAVA: sin. loc, Hasskarl s.n. (P); 30 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

33 sin. loc, Zollinger 3281 (A, BM, G, P); sin. loc, Teijsmann in Herb. Drake 77 (P); sin. loc, Anonym, s.n. (MEL). WEST: Bandung: sin. loc (fl. May) Popta 1362 (L); Cikurai (fl. May) Van Steenis 1656 (BO). CENTRAL: Yogyakarta Prov., Sleman, Gunung Gamping (fl. Aug.) Junghuhn s.n. (L). EAST: Kangean Island, W. Paliat (fl. May) Backer (BO). BALI: sin. loc, Anonym s.n. (L). CULTIVATED: USA: Hawai Islands: Honolulu, Nuuanu Valley (fl. Oct.) Meebold (NY); Honolulu, Manoa Valley (fl. Nov.) Degener 9842 (NY); Oahu (fl. Jan.) Inafuku s.n. (M); ibid. (fl. Oct.) Meebold (M); ibid. (fl. May) Fosberg (NY). INDIA: Calcutta Bot. Gard., Anonym, s.n. (BO); Ballygunge (fl. March) Apcar s.n. (CAL). CHINA: YUNNAN: Yunnan-Tou (fl. June) Anonym, s.n. (L); Hongkong, in the garden of Mr. Barretto (fl. March) Hu (K). THAILAND: Bangkok (fl. Feb.)Marcan 1967 (BM, K, MO), (fr. Aug.) Marcan 1924 (K). SINGAPORE: Singapore Bot. Gard. (fl. Dec.) Leeuwenberg (WAG); ibid. (fl. Sept.) Furtado s.n. (K). INDONESIA: JAVA: Jakarta, Pal Merah (fl. May) Backer (BO); ibid. (fl. Oct.) Backer (BO). WEST: Bogor: Depok (fl. July) Bakhuizen v.d. Brink Jr (BO, U), (fl. Apr.), 5913 (BO); Bogor Bot. Gard., Spire s.n. (K, L, NY, P); ibid., Pulle s.n. (U); ibid., Teijsmann s.n. (L); ibid, (fl. July) Hallier s.n. (G, L); ibid. (fl. July) Rudjiman 272 (BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta, WAG). CENTRAL: Yogyakarta: Arboretum Fac. Biology UGM (fr. Jan.) Rudjiman 202 (BO. Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM, WAG); front yard Fac. Biology UGM (fl. Feb.) Rudjiman 203 (BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM, WAG); Bulaksumur, front yard of Prof. Kamarijani's home (fl. Jan.) Rudjiman 201 (BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM, WAG). EAST: Purwodadi Bot. Gard. (fl. July) Van Kregter & Pleyte 89 (BO, L); Pasuruan (fl. Apr.) Backer (L); sin. loc (fl. June) Koorders 41192B (BO); sin. loc (fl. May) Teijsmann s.n. (K); sin. loc, De Vriese s.n. (K); sin. loc, Miquel s.n. (K). 9. Beaumontiamurtonii Craib, Contrib. Fl.Siam. 7: Fig.9; Map 9 Type: Thailand:Kow HooWen, Murton 113 (K,lectotype). Heterotypicsynonym: B.fragrans (Pierreex Planchon, Prod. Apoc , nomen)ex Pitardin Fl. Indo-Chine 3: Type: Vietnam: Quang Tri Prov., Lang Vay, Poilane 1286 (P, lectotype; isotypes: A, BO, NY, SING). Large woody climbing evergreen shrub, up to 20 m high. Trunk cm indiameter;branchlets palegreyor dark brown, sparsely todenselypubescent or glabrous. Leaves: petiole 10-25(30) mm long, sparsely puberulent or glabrate, less often pubescent, with 6-30 colleters in 1-3 rows in the axils;blade broadlyelliptic or obovate, x as long as wide, 10-25(30) x (15) cm, apiculate or acute, rarelyobtuseat theapex, atthe base roundedor cuneate, above glabrousorsometimessparselypubescent on the costa, beneath glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent but often more densely so on the costa and veins;with11-18secondary veins on each side. Inflorescences lax,1-3 branched, 6-12-flowered, cm long, x as long as the leaves. Peduncle (25)30-60(90) mm long,puberulent or sparsely to denselypubescent; pedicels 30-50mm long,sparsely pubescent; bracts 2 x as long as wide, x mm, deciduous or less often persistent, with (10)15-20 colleters. Flowers fragrant. Sepals pale green, broadly elliptic, rarely elliptic or obovate, 1-2.6(3) x as long as wide, x as long as the corolla tube, (45) x Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 31

34 FIG. 9. Beaumontia murtonii. 1, flowering branch ( x ); 2, opened flower ( xy); 3-4, anther both sides ( x2); 5,ovary ( x4);6,seed ( x ); 7,embryo ( x ). 1-5 from Kerr 19837;6-7 from Collins Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

35 (10)18-27mm, apiculateor rounded,rarelyacuminate attheapex, entire,sparsely pubescent on both sides, with conspicuous costa and veins, with colleters in the whole flower;colleters slender, 1mm long, acuminate at the apex. Corolla white or creamy; tube x as long as the calyx, x aslongas the mouth diameter, outside sparsely todenselypubescent, inside glabrate or glabrous;lower part (10) mm long; upper partwidely obconical, x as longas thelower part, (30) mmlong, at themouth mm in diameter; lobes ovate or ungulate, subequal- or equal-sided, x as long as wide, x mm, acute at the apex, less often rounded,glabrate orlessoften sparsely pubescenton bothsides, withconspicuous parallelveins. Stamensyellowor orange, exsertedfor about 0-5 mm,rarely included; filamentswhite, inserted at about mm from the corolla base, 15-25mm long, glabrous; anthers (10)13-15 x 2-3 mm, attheapexfor about 2mm sterile,glabrous or lessoften with some pubescence on both sides. Pistil about mm long; disk cup- or rarely ring-shaped, (0.5)1.5 x 3-4 mm, glabrous, orsometimesonlyat theapexwith hirto-puberulence;ovarysuperior; carpels connate, x 3 mm, densely pubescent, often puberulent; style 40mm long, glabrous or sparsely hirto-puberulent;pistil head 8-13 x 2 mm, glabrous. Infructescences: pedicels 4 x 0.75 cm, rigid, glabrous,lenticellate; peduncle 2.5 x 0.5 cm, glabrous, lenticellate. Fruits: mericarps dark brown, 18 x 5 cm, ellipsoid, obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, glabrous, seeded; wall 2-3 mm, pale brown inside. Seeds: grains 11-14(20) x 4-5 mm,sparsely pubescent or glabrous,obtuse at the both ends;coma mm long;embryo pale brown;cotyledons 11x4 mm, obtuse at the base; rootlet 3x1 mm. Distribution: Thailand,Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Continental Malaysia. Ecology: Evergreen forests or thicketsin the mountains, or on river banks, often along the coasts. Altitude m. Vernacular names: Thailand:Kumlung Changsarn(near Bangtapan)teste Put 1426;Sai tan yai (near Krabi) teste Kerr 19837; Knua nguan hern or Sala naung,testephonanuwat Wanasah 60. Cambodia: Chor Chhak (nearwatphnom) teste Vidal5100. Uses: Thelatexisusedas arrowpoison (testevidal5100); ornamental (teste Sulit3555). Specimens examined: CHINA: YÜNNAN: Nan-Chiao (fr. June) Wang (A). THAILAND: Chonburi Prov., Sriracha Distr.: Chundaten R. Falls (fl. Nov.) Maxwell (AAU, L); Hoap Bon, Collins 535 (K, US); Ban Chark (fl. Nov.) Collins 1718 (BM, K, US); Pan Sadhet (fl., fr. Nov.) Collins 1365 (K, US); between Nong Raw and Nong Khe Ploy (fl. Feb.) Collins 356 (K); Naung Yai Bu (fl. Sept.) Kerr 2676 (K, paratype); sin. loc, Collins 1030 (K); sin. loc. (fl. Nov.) Collins 1985 (K, US). Ban Keng near Krabin (fl. Nov.) Kerr (E, K); Kan Kradai, Prachap (fl. Jan.) Put 2309 (BM, K, P); Bangtapan (fl., fr. Dec.) Put 1426 (BM, K, L); sin. loc. (fl. Jan.) Phon Anuwat Wanasah 60 (K); Kow Hoo Wen (fl. Feb.) Murton 113 (K, type). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 33

36 MAP 9. Beaumontia murtonii LAOS: Savannaket Prov., between Lao Bo and Muong Nou (fl. Apr.) Poilane (P, WAG); near Luang Prabang, on Mt. Xuong (fl. March) Poilane (L, P). CAMBODIA: Prek Sangke (fl. Nov.) Harmand 6 bis (A, BM, K, P, paratype of B. fragrans); sin. loc., Nguon Hahn s.n. (P). VIETNAM: Mt. Dinh near Baria, Pierre 4477 (A, K, NY, P, paratype of B. fragrans); Chaudoc Prov., Mt. Cam (fl. Dec.) Pierre 484 (K, P, paratype of B. fragrans); Quang Tri Prov., Lang Vay (fl. Apr.) Poilane 1286 (A, BO, K, P, SING, type of B. fragrans). MALAYSIA: Selangor State, Bt. 22, Genting Sampah (fl. Oct.) Kasim & AR (L). CULTIVATED: GHANA: Achimota (fl. Dec.) Irvine 2576 (E). 34 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

37 NIGERIA: Ibadan (fl. Feb.) Assi (K). SRI LANKA: Ceylon, Colombo (fl. Oct.) fosberg (E, GH, K, NY). THAILAND: Bangkok (fl. Dec.) Vesterdal 241 (C). CAMBODIA: Wat Phnom and Camp Le Rolland (fl. Feb.) Vidal 5100 (P). VIETNAM: Saigon Bot. Gard. (fl. Aug.) Hiep 605 (P, WAG); Hanoi Bot. Gard. (fl. March) Anonym, s.n. (P); ibid. (fl. Apr.) Fleury in Chevalier (P, WAG). INDONESIA: Bogor Bot. Gard., Rudjiman s.n. (Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM, Yogyakarta); ibid., Leeuwenberg (WAG). PHILIPPINES: Laguna Prov., on Mt. Makiling, at Forestry Camp (fl. Dec.) Sulit 3555 (PNH); Rizal, at Mandaluyong (fl. Nov.) Vergara 15 (L); Cebu (fl. Oct.) Lawrences.n. (K). NOMINA NUDA B. longifolialodd.ex Loud., Hort. Brit = B. grandiflora Wallich. B. speciosa Hort., Siebert & Doß,Dilm.Blumeng.1: = B. grandiflora Wallich EXCLUDED SPECIES B. wallichii (A. DC.) Walpers, Ann. Bot.Syst. 3: = Wrightia wallichii A. DC, Prod. 8: = W. arborea (Dennst.) Maberley, Taxon 26: Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 35

38 KibataliaG. Don, Gen. Syst. Bot 4: ;Blume, Rumphia ; Woodson, Phil. Journ. Sei ; Pichon, Mem. Mus. Nat. sér. 2.1: ;Bakhuizen v.d. Brink Jr. in Backer et,al., Fl. Java 2: ; Whitmore, Fl. Mai. 2: Basionym: Hasseltia Blume,Bijdr. Fl.Ned. Ind. 15: (non H.B.K. 1823). Typespecies: Hasseltia arboreablume ( = K. arborea (Blume) G. Don). Homotypic synonvms: Kickxia Blume, Fl. Java Ins. VII. 1828; Endlicher, Gen. PI. 2: (as Kixia);De Candolle, Prod. 8: (as Kixia); Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: ; Bentham & Hooker, Gen. PI.2: ; Miers, Apoc.S. Am (as Kickcia); Bâillon,Hist.PI ; Koorders & Valeton, Bijdr. Java 1: ; K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): ; Boerlage, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: ; Hua, Bull. Soc. Bot. Francesér 4.4: ; Stapf,KewBull.3: (non Dumortier 1827). Kibataliasubgenus Eukibatalia Woodson,Phil. Journ. Sei. 60: Heterotypic synonym: Paravallaris Pierre, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris sér. 2.4: ; Hua, Bull. Soc. Bot. France sér. 4.4: 270, ; Pitard in FI. Indo-Chine 3: ; Craib, FI. Siam. 2(5): ;Wu &Wang, Acta Phyt. Sin. 6(2): 186, ;Tsiang & Li, Acta Phyt. Sin. 11(4): ; Tsiang, Icon. Cormoph. Sin. 3: ;Tsiang & Li, Fl. Rep. Pop. Sin. 63: Typespecies: P. macrophyllapierre ( = K. anceps). Evergreenlessoften deciduous tree or shrub. Barkexuding white latex. Branches terete, brown or dark grey, lenticellate, glabrous; branchlets terete, sometimes laterally compresed and canaliculate at the apex, glabrous (only in K. anceps sometimes sparsely puberulent), lenticellate,brown or dark grey,with tranverselyfissured barkor not. Leaves opposite,thoseof a pairequalor subequal, petiolate;petioleof a pairconnate into averyshort ocrea,withcolletersintheaxils (not in K. longifolia); petiole glabrous, only in K. anceps sparsely puberulent; blade papyraceous to coriaceous, mostly narrowly to widelyelliptic, unequaltoequal-sided, entire, glabrouson bothsides ormoreorlesspubescent beneath; costaimpressed above, rarely not,prominent beneath;secondaryveins anastomizing or slightly curved towards the margins; tertiary venation more or less reticulate; domatia mostlypresent. Inflorescences terminal oraxillaryand then in alternating axils, once-branched. Peduncle short, glabrous; pedicels mostly glabrous; bracts sepal-like, shorter than thesepals,persistent, rarely deciduous. Flowers 5-merous, actinomorphic. Sepals ovate,lessoften hemi-orbicular orelliptic, the inner narrower than the outer, imbricate quincuncial in bud, entire, mostly with colleters inside at the base. Corrolla white, creamy or pale green, subdived in a lower and an upper part (not known for K. longifolia), or not in K. maingayi andsomespecimensof K. anceps, lower partcylindricalornearly so, often with a subglobose lower one- or two-thirds; slightly widened into an upper part; lobes elliptic,narrowly elliptic orsometimes obovate or ovate, entire, overlapping to the right in bud. Stamens exserted or included, connivent into 36 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

39 aclosecone around thepistilhead,rarelyfree, withor without dorsalswellings (not known for K. longifolia), inserted at the level where corolla tube (lower part)is widening,oronlyin K. maingayi attheapexofthe corolla tube; anthers narrowly triangular,adhering to the pistil head, acuminate at the partiallysterile apex, sagittate at the base, introrse;cells2,dehiscent throughoutby alongitudinalslit. Pistil:disk ring- to cup-shaped,sometimes enveloping the ovary,5-lobed or nearly so; ovary bicarpellate, superior; carpels 2, free, ovoid; style mostly cylindrical, consisting of two connate strands; pistil head conical. In each cell one semi-globose or rarely ovoid placenta with many ovules. Infructescences bearing 1-4(8) fruits, with glabrous pedicels and peduncle. Mericarpsvery narrowly ellipsoid orcylindrical,lessoften clavate,subtended bythepersistent calyx. Seeds: grains brown, fusiform, tapering into a coma bearing beak, with apex directed towards the base of the follicle; coma whitish or brown; hairs simple, straight;rootletcylindrical,obtuseat the apex,rarelyvery short; cotyledons folded. KEY TO THE SPECIES 1. Stamensexsertedfor mm 2 - Stamens includedfor (1)3-30mm 8 2. Corollatube 5-14mmlong;upper part absentor up to 2mmlong Corollatube 23-37mmlong; upper part 5-9(10)mm long 7 3. Leaves cm long;costa hairy beneath,manifestly prominent;petiole 6-15mm long,sparsely puberulent,lessoften glabrous... l.k.anceps - Leaves cm long; costaglabrousbeneath,moderately prominent; petiole 2-10mm long, glabrous 4 4. Leaves 8-19 x cm; secondary veins (6)7-14 on each side; corolla tube (9)11-14mmlong;domatia (if present)consistingof pits 5 - Leaves (14) x (6) cm; secondary veins 4-8 on each side; corollatube 5-8(10)mm long; domatia (if present) withoutpit 6 5. Corolla mouth glabrous or glabrate;inflorescences 1-6-flowered;axis with many bracts; petiole 2-6mmlong 7.K.laurifolia - Corolla mouth densely hairy; inflorescences 8-25-flowered; axis without bract;petiole 5-15mm long 14.K.villosa 6. Corolla lobesglabrous at the apex;colletersin thecalyx 2-4; leaves x as long as wide, 4-10 x cm; corolla tube x as long as thecalyx 6.K.gitingensis - Corolla lobeshairy at theapex;colletersin thecalyx 4-15;leaves x as long as wide, (14) x (1)2-5.5(6) cm;corolla tube 2-3(4.5) x as long as thecalyx 10.K.maingayi 7. Corolla tube 23-26mmlong;lobes 15-20mmlong;leaves obtuseoracute attheapex;ovary glabrous 5.K.elmeri - Corolla tube 34-37mm long; lobes 25-33mmlong;leavesacuminatewith obtuse point at theapex;ovaryhairy 11.K.merrilliana Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 37

40 8. Corolla lobes x 3-4 mm, x aslong aswide; mouth mm in diameter;lower partof the tube 4-5mm long;calyx withoutcolleters 13.K.stenopetala - Corolla lobes (19)27-60 x (5)7-22 mm, x as long as wide ++ ); mouth 4-10 mm in diameter; lower part of the tube 5 16(18)mm long; calyxwithcolleters 9 9. Anthers inserted 6-8 mmfrom the corolla base;lower partof the tube mm long; sepals ciliolate, rarely not;inflorescences one-flowered Anthersinserted 15-19mmfrom the corollabase + ); lower partofthe tube 7-17(18)mmlong + ); sepals notciliolate;inflorescences 1-12-flowered Leaves x as long as wide;domatiaseveral;corolla tube 18-23mm long;colletersin thecalyx K.puberula - Leaves x as long aswide; domatia many, almost all over; corolla tube (25)28-33mmlong;colletersin thecalyx K.wigmanii 11. Stamens included for mm; anthers inserted 15 mm from the corolla base;leaves narrowly ovate; upper part ofthetubepubescent or velutinous inside 9.K.macgregori - Stamens includedfor 3-30 mm; anthers inserted 17-19mmfrom the corolla base; leaveselliptic to narrowly elliptic or obovate; upper part of the tube glabrous orsparsely (hirto-) pubescentinside Leaves x as long as wide, 16-26(35) x 8-13cm;colleters in the leaf axils 15-60;corolla tubeglabrous inside;colletersin thecalyx K.arborea - Leaves x as long as wide, (5)6-20 x cm; colleters in the leafaxils 0-3;corolla tube hairyinside;colletersin thecalyx Leaves (5)6-11 x 1-4 cm; corolla tube 11-25(27) mm long; lobes (1.1)1.3-4 x as long as the tube;stamens includedfor 4-6mm 3.K.blancoi - Leaves x cm; corolla tube (20)33-37 mm long + + ); lobes (0.5) x aslong asthe tube;stamensincluded for (3)9-11mm + + ) Leaves x as long as wide, acuminate or caudate at the apex; leaf axils with colleters; sepals x as long as wide;pedicels 5mm long. 4.K.borneensis - Leaves x as longaswide,acute at theapex;leafaxils withoutcolleters;sepals x aslong aswide;pedicels30mm long 8.K.longifolia + )for K. longifolia, after Merrill (1920). + + )notyetknownfor K. longifolia. 1.Kibataliaanceps (Dunn et R. Williams) Woodson, Sunyatsenia 3 (2,3): ; Phil. Journ. Sc.60: ; Pichon, Mem. Mus. Nat. sér. 2.1: Fig.10;Map10 Basionym: Trachelospermum anceps Dunn etr.williams,kewbull. 10: ;Woodson,Sunyatsenia 3 (2,3): Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

41 FIG. 10. Kibatalia anceps. 1, habit (xa); 2, part of corolla lobes dissected (x3); 3, part of calyx with pistil ( x 3); 4, anther, dorsal view ( x 11); 5, fruit ( x j); 6, seed ( xa); 7, embryo ( x 2). 1 from Pételot Oct. 1935; 2-4 from Pételot 1866; 5 from Pételot 6001; 6 from Fleury in Chevalier 32197; 7 from Poilane Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 39

42 Type:Burma: Letpanthaung, Mergui:Meebold (K, lectotype); Tenasserim, Bosvachaung and Kyauktalan: Meebold (K, paratype); Meebold no nottraced. Heterotypic synonyms: Vallaris? anceps Wallich, Cat (nomen nudum). Type: Burma: Tavoy, Kelong:Wallich (K-WALL., paratype). Vallaris arborea Fischer, KewBull.2: Type: Burma:S.Tenasserim, Ngawun Chaung:Parkinson 1632 (K, holo and isotypeof V. arborea Fischer). Vallaris anceps (Dunn et R. Williams) Fischer, Kew Bull. 1: ,where citedas V. anceps (Wallich)Fischer. Paravallaris macrophylla Pierre (Prod. Medic ,nomen nudum)ex Hua, Bull.Soc.Bot.2: ; Type:Vietnam: From Mekong to Hue: Harmandin Herb.Pierre 1869 (P, lectotype;isotype: K). Homotypicsynonym: Kibatalia macrophylla (Pierre)Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 60: Paravallaris yunnanensis Tsiang et P.T. Li,Acta Phyt. Sin. 11(4): Type: China: Yunnan: Hsi-Shuang Pan-Na:Feng20361 (PE, holotype). Deciduous shrub or tree 3-15 m high. Trunk 10-23cmindiameter. Branches hollow when dry,slightly compressed, with longitudinally fissured bark; branchletshollowwhen dry, terete,laterallycompressedand canaliculate at the extreme apex, sparsely puberulent or glabrous, longitudinally fissured. Leaves: petiole 5-15mm long,sparsely puberulent orlessoften glabrous; colleters many, long, in a single row, persistent when the leaves are shed; blade coriaceous, glossy above, narrowly elliptic, x as long as wide, x 5-13 cm, equalor subequal-sided, acuminate, obtuse or sometimes subcaudate at the apex, at the base cuneate or rounded, sinuate at the margins, glabrous above, beneath glabrous or often sparsely pubescent and sometimes minutely granulate, especially on thecosta and secondary veinsmoredensely so,lessoften hirsute; with 13-19(21 )secondaryveinson eachside;tertiaryvenationobscure; domatia mostly absent, rarely present. Inflorescenceslax, x as long as theleaves, cmlong, (2)4-12-flowered. Peduncle mmlong,lessoften obsolete; inflorescence axiswithdeciduous bractsclose together, 5-25 mmlong;pedicels 15-30mmlong,sparsely todensely pubescent; bractsmostlyerect. Flowersfragrant. Sepals pale green, free or connate for about 2 mm, ovate, x as longaswide, 4-5 x 2-3mm, acute or acuminate at the apex,sparsely puberulent outside, inside sparsely puberulent or glabrous; with 3-7 colleters in the wholeflowerin a singlerow at the baseof the innersepals near the edges, slender, about 1 mmlong, obtuse rarely retuse at theapex. Corolla white orpalegreen; tube x as long as the calyx, mm long, glabrous outside,inside sparsely puberulent or pubescent in upper-half, furthermore glabrous; at the mouth mmwide,sparsely pubescent; lobes narrowly elliptic, x as long as the tube, x as long as wide, x 4-7 mm, acute or obtuse attheapex, sparsely puberulent outside,inside at the extremebase sparselypubescent, furthermore sparsely todenselypuberulent. Stamens exserted for 3-4 mm; anthers sessile, x mm, with apex for about Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

43 mmsterile, outside glabrous orsparselyhirto-pubescent, with anarrowlylongitudinaldorsalgroove, inside nearthebase pubescent andfurthermore glabrous; tails curved inwards. Pistil mm long; disk cup- or ring-shaped, x 2-3mm,obscurely5-lobed; carpelsovoid, x mm, puberulent or with several stiff hairs outside; style 9-12 mm long, pubescent at the extreme apex, furthermore glabrous;pistil head mm,with abifid orobscurelylobedapex. Infructescences: pedicels cm long,rigid,often sparsely puberulent, sparsely or not lenticellate; puduncle 2-10mmlong,often sparsely puberulent; bractspersistent. Mericarpsnarrowly ellipsoid, green (?)whenmature, slightly pubescent at theextreme base, 7-24 x cm,with araised line ateachside, acuteorobtuse atthe apex, many-seeded,divergent at anangle of about , with exocarp rather thick and hard, not lenticellate; wall mmthick, palebrown inside. Seeds: grains x 2-3 mm,glabrous, granulate, acute at thebase,beak glabrous for about 15 mm,bearing an apical coma about mm; coma white or pale brown; hairs mm long, shorterthanthe grain (and beak); embryo whitish; cotyledons 17x4 mm; rootlet 3 x 1 mm. Distribution: Burma, China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Ecology: Forests, Savannas, often on stream banks, valleys or road sides. Altitude: m. Vernacular name: Burma: Nan Kai Tong (Shan); Thailand: Mook Yai (Loei); Laos: Khao Khouay (B. Sapham Meuk); Vietnam: Suoi-nai, Cay dui do'i,caytoivoi (Phu Tho). Most of the specimens examined: BURMA: Tenasserim: sin. loc. (fl. June) Kerr (BM, K, L); Ngawun Chaun (fl., fr. Jan.) Parkinson 1632 (K, type of Vallaris arborea); Bosvachaung and Kyauktalan (fl. March, Apr.) Meebold (K, paratype). Tavoy: Kelang, Wallich 1622 (K-WALL, paratype); Kalamunsi Chaung, Mergui (fl. May) Meebold (K, lectotype). China: Yunnan: Hsi-Shuang Pan-Na (fr. Apr.) Feng (PE, type of Paravallarisyunnanensis ). Thailand: Loei, Num Khan (fr. Nov.) Dee 1029 (K); N Phrae (fr. Jan.) Smitinand (L); N Phrae, between Muang Khan and Nam Krai (fl., fr. Apr.) Smitinand & Cheke (C, K, L, P); Doi Duan, Muang Pan (fr. March) Kerr 5108 (BM, K, L, P); Pra Ruang Waterfalls, Suhotai (bud, June) Maxwell (AAU); Lampang: Muang Trang (fl. June) Winit 1420 (K); Me Salop (fl., fr.) Winit 1246 (K); Me Jom, Me Chawk (fl. May) Winit 1825 (K). Cambodia: De Ninh Prov., Bang Tre Lat, Poilane (P); De Vinh Prov., Song Ca valley, km 102, road 7 (fr. Jan.) Poilane (P, WAG). Laos: Lai Chau (fr. Jan.) Poilane (P, WAG); Lai Chau, near Pong Saly (fr. Apr.) Poilane (P, WAG); B. Sapaham Meuk (fr. March) Vidal 1182 B (P); Central, near Mekong R., Harmand s.n. (P). Vietnam: Tu-Phap (fr. Sept.) Balansa 2103 (G, K, P, paratype of Paravallaris macrophylla); ibid. (fl. June) Anonym, s.n. (L); Cay Sen, Thien Thon (fr. Jan.) Bon 5057 (P, WAG); Tuyen Quang Prov.: Phu Ho (fl., fr. June) Pételot 1866 (A, UC); ibid., Parquier 3052 (P, UC); sin. loc. (fl. June) Pételot 1934 (NY, P); Cho Ganh, Phu Ho (fr. Sept.) Pételot 698 (P); Muong Si, near Lac Tho (fr. March) Bon s.n. (P); Sontay Prov.: between Sontay and Da Chang (fl., fr. Oct.) Pételot s.n. (A, P, US); Mt. Basi (fr. Feb.) Pételot 6001 (A); Vinh Yen Prov.: Vinh Yen, Herb. Eberhardt 3801 (NY, P); Lang Lue, Herb. Eberhardt 4904 (A, P); Phu Tho Prov.: La Pho, Herb. Eberhardt 4349 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 41

44 MAP 10. Kibatalia anceps (P); Dao Gia, near Phu Tho (fr. Apr.) Chevalier (P); Chan Mong F.R. (fr. Apr.) Fleury in Chevalier (P, WAG); Trung Giap For. (fl. May) Fleury (P, WAG); Hoa Binh Prov.: near Muang Than, road from Hanoi to Hoa Binh (fr. Jan.) Pételot 4921 (AAU, NY, P); Sui Yut, Herb. Eberhardt 422 (P, WAG); Mai Chau, Herb. Eberhardt 4245 (P); Thanh Hoa Prov.: Thien Hou (fl. June) Bon 5404 (A, P); between La Han and Lung Van (fr. Jan.) Poilane (P, WAG); Hoi Xuan (fl., fr. Aug.) Poilane 1752 (A, NY, P); Quang Tri Prov.: Ailao Pass (fl. May) Poilane (WAG); ibid. (fl. May) Poilane (P, WAG); sin. loc. (fr. March) Poilane (P, WAG); Hue, Harmand s.n. (P); Hue, (fl. Sept.) Harmand in Herb. Pierre 1869 (K, P, lectotype of Paravallaris macrophylld). 42 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

45 2.Kibataliaarborea (Blume) G. Don,Gen.Syst.Bot.4: ;Blume,Rumphia4: ; Woodson, Phil. Journ. Sc.60: ; Craib,Fl. Siam.2(5): ; Pichon, Mém. Mus. Nat. sér. 2(1): 1950; Whitmore, Fl. Mal. 2: Fig. 11;Map11 Basionym: Hasseltia arborea Blume, Bijdr. Ned. Ind ; Steudel, Nom,Bot. 1(2): Type: Indonesia:West Java: Bogor, Cihampea (Tjampian). Lectotype:Blume s.n. (L ). Paratypes: Blume s.n. (L ; L ; L , M,W). Homotypicsynonyms: Kickxia arborea (Blume)Blume, Fl. Jav. Ins VII.1828; Miquel, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: ; Walpers, Ann. Bot.3: ;Villar, Novis. Phil ; Koorders &Valeton, Bijdr. Java 1: ; Planchon, Prod. Med ; Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(2): 167, ; Koorders, Meded. Lands Plant. 19: ; Boerlage, Fl. Ned. Ind. 2(2): ; Hua, Bull.Soc.Bot. France 44:270, ; Koorders, Exk. Java 3: ; Koorders & Schumacher, Syst. Verz. 1: ; Koorders, AtlasBaum. Javafig.639, ; Craib, Fl.Siam.2(5): ; Heyne, Nut. Ind. 1(3): ;Stapf,Kew Bull.3: Kickxia arborea (Blume) A.DC, Prod. 8: (as Kixia arborea); Hasskarl, Fl. Bot. Zeit. 299 ('267') (as Kixia arborea). Heterotypicsynonym: Tabernaemontana ovalis Miq., Fl. Ind.Bat. Suppl.229, Type: Indonesia: Sumatra, H.B (L, holotype; isotypes: BO, U). Evergreenbig tree (65) mhigh;crownsmall, light, roundedor cylindrical, up to 5 m in diameter. Trunk straight, cm in diameter, often with short buttresses about 1.5 mhigh,clear bole 5-40 mhigh; outer bark smooth, finely fissured, about 2-4 mm thick, grey, grey-brown or black, lenticellate; inner bark white, light orange or greenish, often spoted, cm thick; sapwood whiteor paleyellow,with faint rings. Branches hollow (when dry), often fissured, smooth; branchletshollow (when dry), laterallycompressed andslightly canaliculate attheextreme apex, sulcatewhen dry, barksometimes transversely fissured, less often slightly peeling off. Leaves: petiole 5-14(30) mm long; colleters 15-60, long,slender, in 1-3 rows (colleterspersistent when theleaves are shed); blade coriaceous or papyraceous, elliptic, less often obovate, x as long as wide, 16-26(35) x 8-13 cm, equal- or subequal-sided, acute, acuminate or rarely obtuse at the apex, rounded or cuneate at thebase, dark green above, beneath pale green, often granulate, sparsely pubescent, on the midriband secondaryveins moredenselyso,rarelywithblack dotsallover; with11-18 secondaryveins on eachside;tertiary venation conspicuous; domatia absent. Inflorescenes lax, x as long as the leaves, 8-10 cm long, 1-2-flowered. Peduncle 2-5 mm long; pedicels mm long. Flowers fragrant, and with about the same odour as Kenanga (Cananga sp.) Sepals pale green or white, connate for mm, ovate or narrowly ovate, x as longaswide, 4-7 x 2-3 mm,obtuse,acute oracuminate attheapex,glabrous Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 43

46 FIG. 11. Kibatalia arborea. 1, habit (xi); 2, flower (x- ); 3, part of floweropened out (x 1); 4, anther, dorsalview ( x3);5, anther, ventralview ( x3);6,fruit ( xa); 7,seed ( xa); 8,embryo ( x1). 1from Sargent ; 2-5from Blumes.n., L ;6-7 from Koorders 202B; 8from WhitmoreFRI Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

47 outside,inside glabrous orlessoften sparsely todensely pubescent; with about colleters in the whole flowerin a single row at the base of the sepals, simple, rarely lobed, about 1mm long, obtuse at the apex. Corolla white or creamy, often tinged with green outside; tube x as long as the calyx, 24-45mm long, glabrous on both sides; lower part 10-15mmlong;upper part obconical or narrowly campanulate, (3.7) x as long as thelower (part), (9)12-25(40) m long, at the mouth 5-10 mm wide;lobes elliptic or narrowly obovate, x as long as wide, x mm, (0.2) x as long the tube, acute, acuminate or rounded at the apex, glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent on both sides,unequal-sided. Stamens included for 3-30 mm, inserted 7-19 mm from the corolla base; filaments 0-1 mm long, rarely obosolete; anthers 6-7 x 1-2 mm,with apex about mm sterile,outside glabrous or sparsely hirto-pubescent, inside hirto-puibescent or tomentose belowtheconnectives, and furthermore glabrous;tailsstraight. Pistil 12-22mm long;diskcup-shaped, 2-3 x 2-3 mm,obscurely5-lobed;carpelsovoid, x mm, glabrous; style mm long, widening towards the apex, glabrous;pistil head 1-3 x 1-2 mm,with alateral receptive zone and topped by an obscurely lobed apex. Infructescences pendulous; pedicels 4-6 cmlong, rigid, stout,with largelenticels,lessoften with faint transversely fissured bark; peduncle 2-6 mmlong. Mericarpsverynarrowlyellipsoidorvery narrowlyclavate, x cm, tapering into an acuminate or acute apex, with or without largelenticels, hard, many-seeded, parallel or divergent;wall 3-5 mm thick, yellowinside;calyxmostlypersistent under the ripe fruits. Seeds: grains x mm, glabrous, acuminate or acute at the base; beak glabrous for about50mm,bearing anapicalcomafor about (80)mm;coma white; hairs mm long, shorter than the grain (and beak); embryo whitish or creamy; cotyledons x 3mm; rootlet 4-7 x 1mm. Distribution: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi), Philippines (Islandof Palawan). Ecology: Lowland tropical forest, often on stream banks and steepslopes. Altitude: m. Uses: According toheyne (1950), thelatexisusedas medicineagainststomachdisorder orwormdiseases.in Southeast Sulawesithewoodisusedassabre sheath. Vernacular names: Malaysia: Jelutung (Sandakan); Jelutung pipit, JelutungBeruangorTamadak (Kepong). Indonesia:Sumatra:Balam batik,balam dadi or Kayu gede (Tapanuli). Java:West: Kitumbali (Bogor); Kibunteli (Bogor, Bandung); Kibenteli (Banten); Hambulu (Cirebon).Central and East: Kayu Santen (Pekalongan,Subah,Cilacap, Yogyakarta, Kediri, Malang, Banyuwangi); Balung (Subah). Sulawesi: Lingorumbolia (Malibi); Atesahah (Mamuju); Soliti,Kasimbolili (Muna). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 45

48 MAP 11. Kibatalia arborea Most of the specimens examined: THAILAND: Ban Tu Gor, Tan Young Mas (fl. Apr.) Laksnakara 840 (BM, E, K, L, P); Naung Chick, Krabi (fl. March) Kerr (BM, K, MO). PHILIPPINES: Palawan: Puerto Princessa, Irawan River valley, Mt. Beaufort (fl. May) Podzorski SMHI-2170(L). MALAYSIA: Continent: Kepong: sin. loc. (fl. March) Hashim (SING); ibid. (fr. Nov.) Kochuramen (K, KEP, L), (fl. Apr.), (A, BO, K, KEP, L, SING); ibid., Symington (KEP); ibid. (fl. Nov.) Kochummen (K, KEP); near Kerah R. (fl., fr. Nov.) Saw (KEP, SING); Paham Taman Negara, Tembiling R., at Pasir Beluas (fr. March) Whitmore FRI 8620 (K, KEP, L, WAG). Pahang, Mt. Benom (fr. March) Whitmore FRI 3406 (K, KEP, L, SING); near Kraw R. (fr. Oct.) Ja'amat (KEP). Selangor: Pansom R., Bukit Tangkol at Ulu Langat 46 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

49 (fr. Aug.) Gadoh anak Umbai 2159 (KEP). North Borneo: Beaufort Distr., km 40, along the railway line, Cuadra A 1322 (KEP, SING); Papar Distr., Kawang (fl. May) Mikil (K, L, SING); Sandakan, Sepilok F. R., Nicholson SAN (L, SING); Mt. Dulit, near Long Kapa (fl. Aug.) Richard R 1307 (A, K, L); Beluran Distr., Pamol (fl. May) Meijer SAN (L). INDONESIA: SUMATRA: Priaman, H.B (BO, L, U, type of Tabernaemontana ovalis); Res. Tapanuli, near Kp. Sajaermatinggi, Gerdeng 11 (BO, BZF); sin. loc, Koorders ß (BO). JAVA: WEST: Banten Distr., Cibaliung (fr. July) Koorders 202 ß (BO, L); Banten Distr., Kampung Cigorondong, Cimanggu, along the stream Ciherang (fr. Nov.) Bisset 766 (BO); Bogor Distr., Pelabuhan Ratu, Koorders 203 ß (BO, L); Bogor Distr., Depok, Koorders ß (BO, L); Bogor Distr., Dungus Iwul, 10 km W. of Jasinga, Kartapraja 440 (BO); ibid., (imm. fr. Feb.) Hartono & Wasiyat 1 (BZF); Cirebon Distr., Kuningan, Houter 124 (BO); Bandung Distr.: Ciamis, Desa Cisaga, Wasiyat 1023 (BZF); Leuweng Sancang, Pemeungpeuk, Rudjiman 206 (BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta, WAG). Ciamis Distr., Rejadesa Sub Distr., Desa Tanjungsukun, Rudjiman 204 (BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta, WAG); ibid., Rudjiman 205 (Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta); sin. loc. (fl. June) Blume s.n. (BO, C, K, L, M, P, S, U, type); Hasskarl s.n. (P); sin. loc, Kollmann s.n. (NY); sin. loc, Martokusumo in Herb. Koordersianum ß (BO); sin. loc, Reichenbach f. s.n. (W); sin. loc, Zollinger 3085 (A, BM, G, MEL, P). CENTRAL: Cilacap, Nusakambangan, Koorders 205 ß (BO, L, P), (fr. June) ß (BO, L, UC), (fr. June) ß (BO, L), ß (BO, L); Lebakbarang, Pekalongan (fl. Jan.) Backer (BO); Kulon Progo Distr., Kokap Sub Distr., Teganing I, Rudjiman 268 (BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM, Yogyakarta, WAG); Blora, Anonym, no. Ja (BZF). EAST: Kediri Distr., Pare, near Jambean (fr. June) Koorders ß (BO, L, P); Sumbermanjing, near Kalipare, Koorders ß (BO); Malang Distr., at Sumbertangkil, Koorders ß (BO, L); Rogojampi, Banyuwangi (fr. Aug.) Koorders ß (BO). SULAWESI: CENTRAL: Kampung Mesu, Malili (fl. Oct.) Reppi 113 (BO, BZF); Kampung Malili, Reppi 155 (BO, L); ibid., Waturandang 34 (A, BO); Tapalang, Mamuju, Nurkas 436 (BO); Maros, Teijsmann (BO); Kampung Kawata, Malili (fl. Nov.) Waturandang 163 (BO, BZF). SOUTH EAST: Muna Isl. (fl. Dec.) Waturandang 201 (BO); ibid. (imm. fr., Aug.) Burghardt 96 (BO, BZF, L); Muna Isl., at Lahario, Neth. Ind. For. Serv. bb (BZF, L). CULTIVATED: VIETNAM: Saigon Bot. Gard. (fl. June) Anonym (L). MALAYSIA: Kepong, Selangor (fl. Feb.) Sahak bin Said (KEP); ibid. (fl. Sept.) Hamid (KEP). INDONESIA: Bogor Bot. Gard, (fl., fr. Apr.) Anonym, s.n. (BO, UC, US). 3. Kibatalia blancoi (Rolfe ex Stapf) Merrill, Philipp. Journ. Sc. 17: as K blancoi (Rolfe) Merrill; Merrill, Enum.Philipp. 3: as K. blancoi (Rolfe) Merrill;Pichon, Mem. Mus. Nat. sér 2.1: as K. blancoi (Rolfe) Merrill;Woodson, Philipp. Journ.Sc. 60: as K. blancoi (Rolfe)Merrill. Fig. 12; Map 12 Basionym: Kickxia blancoi Rolfe (Journ. Linn. Soc. 21: , nomen nudum), ex Stapf., Kew Bull. 3: Type: Philippines: Luzon: Herb. Lobbs.n. (K, holotype). Heterotypic synonyms: Kickxia merrittii Merrill, Phillip. Journ. Sc. 4: Type: Philippines: Mindoro Isl., (fl. Apr., May)Merritt (K,holotype; WAG, photograph of US isotype). Homotypic synonym: Kibatalia merrittii (Merrill) Woodson,Philipp. Journ.Sc.60: Missapliedname: Kickxia arboreavillar (nonblume)in Naves & Villar, Nov. App. Fl. Philipp. 132, t.428 bis, 1880 (nomen nudum). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 47

50 FIG. 12. Kibatalia blancoi. 1,habit ( x ); 2, sectionoflower ( x ); 3,apexofgynoeciumand anthers lateral view ( x3); 4, anther ventral view ( x3); 5, anther dorsal view ( x3); 6, sepal inside with colleters ( x3); 7, part of calyxwith disk and ovary ( x3). 1,6-7 from Sulit PNH 6876; 2-5 from MabesaFB Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

51 Tree m high; trunk terete, cm in diameter; branchlets sulcate when dry, finely longitudinally fissured, bark sometimes transversely fissured. Leaves:petiole channeled above, (2)4-10mm long;colleters several,short; blade coriaceous, sometimes subcoriaceous when dry, narrowly elliptic, x as long as wide, (5)6-11 x 1-4 cm, acute or acuminate with an obtuse point at the apex, rarely shortly caudate, cuneate at the base, glabrous on both sides; with 5-10(12)secondaryveinsoneach side;tertiary venation conspicuously or obscurely reticulate; domatia with or without tufts of hairs. Inflorescences lax, x as long as the leaves, (10) cm long, 1-4-flowered. Peduncle (0)2-5mm long;pedicels 8-17(25)mm long, glabrous; bracts erect or spreading. Flowersfragrant, less often odourless. Sepals pale-green (?), free, ovate, (0.5)1-1.6 x aslongaswide, 2-5 x 2-4 mm,acute or obtuse at theapex,glabrous on both sides, with 4-15 colleters in the whole flower in a single row at the base of the sepals, slender, flat, obtuse at the apex. Corolla white; tube x aslongasthecalyx, 11-25(27)mmlong,glabrous outside,insideglabrousorsometimessparselyhirto-pubescent;lower part6-16(18)mm long; upper part campanulate, x as long as the lower, 5-10(15) mm long, at the mouth about6 8(15)mmwide; lobes narrowlyelliptic, (1.1 ) x as long as thetube, x as longaswide, x (6)10-22mm,acute at theapex, sparsely pubescent or glabrous outside, glabrous or often sparsely puberulent at the base inside. Stamens included for about 4-6 mm; anthers sessile, about 6x2 mm, at the apex sterile for about 0.5 mm, outside sparsely to densely hirto-pubescentexceptfor the glabroustails,insidesparselyhirto-pubescentbelowthe connectives;tails straight. Pistil about 19-22mm long;diskcup-shaped, x 2-4 mm, shorter than the ovary, retuse at the apex; carpels 2-4 x mm, glabrous;style 12-22mm long, glabrous,widened attheapex; pistil head 3x1 mm. Fruitunknown. Distribution: Philippines: Islands of Luzon, Guimaras, Catanduanes, Zambales, Mindoro,and Panay. Ecology: Mountainsorvulcanic area. Vernacular names: Laniti Itim, Pandakaki Mm (Rizal);Lanete (Luzon); Baguibonlas (Panay). Uses: Formakingwoodenshoes. Specimens examined: PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Ilocos Prov. (fl. Apr., May) Adduru FB (A, K, P, US, paratype of K. elmeri); ibid. (fl. March) Paraiso FB (BO, P); Laguna Prov., Mt. Maguiling (fl. June) Mabesa FB (A, P, PNH, US, paratype of K. elmeri); ibid., Colamba Estate, Mt. Makiling (fi. May) Sulit 1592 in PNH 6876 (A); sin. loc, Herb. Lobb s.n. (K, type); Zambales Prov., San Antonio (fl. Apr.) Madarang s.n. (MICH); Albay Prov., Mayon Vulcano (fl. June) Mendoza 1380 (K, L); Batangas Prov. (fl. May) Tamesis FB (BO, L, paratype of K. elmeri); Sorsogon Prov., Irosin (fl. Nov., Dec.) Vidal 3277 (A, K). CATANDUANES: sin. loc. (fl. Aug.) Mabbayag FB (A, P, paratype ofk. elmeri). Mindoro: Paluan (fl. Apr.) Ramos BS (A, BO, K, L, P, paratype of K. elmeri); sin. loc. (fl. Apr., May) Merritt FB (K, holotype of Kickxia merrittii, WAG, photograph of US isotype). GUIMARAS: sin. loc. (fl. June) Gammill FB 862 (NY, US). PANAY: Ilo-ilo Prov., San Yosquin, Anonym (K). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 49

52 MAP12. Kibatalia blancoi Kibataliaborneensis (Stapf) Merrill, Philipp. Journ. Sc.17: ; Pichon, Mém. Mus. Nat. sér. 2.1: Fig. 13; Map 13 Type: Sarawak: Lobb s.n. (K, holotype; MO, holotypephotograph). Basionym: Kickxia borneensis Stapf, in Hooker's Icônes Plantarum 27: t :Stapf, KewBull. 3: ; Merrill, Journ. As. Soc Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

53 FIG. 13. Kibatalia bomeensis. 1, habit ( x f); 2, section of flower ( x 2); 3, anther, dorsal view ( x 4); 4, anther, ventral view ( x 4); 5, anther, lateral view ( x 4); 6, sepal inside with colleters ( x 4); 7, part of calyx with disk and ovary ( x 4); 8, seed ( x j); 9, enlarged part of seed ( x 2). 1 from Bujang S 20865; 2-7 from Native collector 46; 8-9 from Tahir Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 51

54 Treeletor shrub m high. Trunk 2.5-5cm in diameter; bark darkbrown. Brancheshollow (whendry), smooth; brachletssulcatewhen dry. Leaves:petiole 5-20 mm long, often shorter, with 1-3 short colleters; blade coriaceous when dry, narrowly elliptic, x as long as wide, x 3-6 cm, equal- or subequal-sided, acuminate (acumen 7-15mmlong)or caudate attheapex,glabrous onboth sides; with 8-11(15)secondary veinsoneach side; tertiary venation mostly invisible or obscure;domatia present, rarely absent. Inflorescences x aslongas the leaves, 5-8 cm long,lax, 1-2-flowered.Peduncle about 2 mm long; pedicels about 5mm long, glabrous. Flowers probably fragrant. Sepals palegreen, connate for about 1mm, narrowly ovate, x as long as wide, x mm (the inner narrower than the outer), acuminate at the apex, glabrous outside, sparsely puberulent inside; with 5-15 colleters in the whole flower in a single row mostly situated at the base near the edges of thesepals;colleters simple,slender, 0.5-1mm long,obtuse atthe apex. Corolla white;tube x aslong as thecalyx, (20)30-37mm long,glabrous outside, inside sparsely pubescent or tomentose; lower part (11)15-17 mm long; upper part campanulate, x as long as thelower, about (8) 15-20mm long, at the mouth about 5-6 mm wide;lobes narrowly elliptic, x as long aswide, (15-19)30-36 x (5)8-9mm, (0.5) x aslongasthetube,acute at theapex,glabrous on both sidesor with somestiff hairs at theextremebase inside. Stamens included for (3)9-11mm,inserted 19-22mmfrom the corolla base; anthers sessile, x mm, with apex for about 0.5 mm sterile, outside withsomestiffhairs,especially near the apex moredensely so, tomentose or withsomestiffhairsbelow the connectives inside;tailsslightly curvedinwards or not. Pistil about mm long;disk ring-shaped, 0.5 x 1-2 mm, shorter than the ovary, obscurely 5-lobed;carpels narrowly ovoid, 2-4 x 2mm, glabrous, abruptly narrowing intothestyle;style18mmlong, glabrous; pistilhead about 1-2 mm long, with a lateralreceptivezone, toppedby anobscurelylobed apex, adhering to the anthers. Infructescences: pedicels 7-10 mm long, with small lenticels;inflorescence axiswith many deciduous bracts closely together, about mm long. Mericarps black, very narrowly cylindrical, x cm,tapering into an acuminate apex,lenticellate or not, many-seeded; wall 1-2 mm thick, whitishorpaleyellow. Seedsbearing acomaallover; grains x 2-3 mm,minutely granulate; acuminate at the base;beak 3-11mm long; coma white, hairs mm long, longer than the grains (and beak); embryo whitish; cotyledons 6-10 x 1.5mm; rootletveryshort. Distribution: Malaysia: Sarawak(Kuching). Ecology: Swamp orheath forests.altitude:low. Specimens examined: MALAYSIA: SARAWAK: Benatang Distr., Matu Daro (fr. Nov.) Sanusi bin Tahir (K, L); near Kampung Samarian, 5 km W. of Kuching (fr. Jan.) Anderson & Williams S (L); Naman F.R. (fr. June) Anderson 7945 (K); ibid, (fl., fr. Nov.) Anderson 9300 (K); Sg. Mas, Loba Kabong P.F. (fr. Sept.) Hj. Bujang S (BO, L); sin. loc, Lobb s.n. (K, type; MO, type photograph); ibid. (fr. May) Native collector 46 (A), 1241 (A, K). 52 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

55 MAP 13. Kibatalia borneensis Kibatalia elmeri Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 60: , partly, excl. Mabesa FB 25726, Tamesis FB 21545, Adduru FB 25863, Ramos BS Fig. 14; Map 14 Type: Philippines: Luzon: Irosin, Elmer (MO, holotype; isotypes: A, BM, BO, BP, C, F, G, K, L, NY, P, U, UC, W, Z; WAG, photograph of US isotype); Elmer (A, BO, BP, C, F, G, K, L, MICH, MO, NY, P, U, UC, US, W, Z, paratype). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 53

56 FIG. 14. Kibatalia elmeri. 1, flowering branch (x ); 2, leaves beneath (x ); 3, flower from above ( x 1); 4, opened flower ( x 2); 5, part of disk ( x 6); 6, sepal with colleters ( x 2); 7-8, stamen both sides ( x 6); 9, fruit ( x j); 10, seed ( x f). 1-8 from Elmer 15934; 9-10 from Elmer Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

57 Homotypicsynonym: KibataliafragransElmer, Leafl. Philipp.Bot. 10: Tree 5-15 m high (according to Woodson, 1936); branches finely fissured; branchlets sulcatewhen dry, bark sometimes transversely fissured. Leaves: petiole channelled above, 4-6 mm long; colleters several, long, in a single row, persistent or less often deciduous when the leaves are shed; blade elliptic, x aslong aswide, x 2-3.5cm,equal- or subequal-sided, obtuse or sometimes acute at the apex, glabrous on both sides; with 5-7 secondary veins on each side; tertiary venation obscure; domatia present, without tufts of hairs. Inflorescences lax, x as long as the leaves, cm long, 1-6-flowered.Peduncle 4-5mmlong;pedicels 20-25mmlong, glabrous:bracts about0.5mm long,erect. Flowers: Sepals probably palegreen, connatefor about 1 mm, ovate to broadly ovate, l-1.5x as long as wide, x mm, acute or obtuse at the apex, outside glabrous or glabrate, sometimes sparsely hirto-puberulent near the apex outside, inside glabrous, with 4-8 colleters in the whole flower in a single row, flat, about 1mm long, obtuse at the apex. Corolla: tube x aslongasthecalyx, 23-26mmlong,glabrous outside, inside glabrous orsometimes neartheapexsparsely pubescent;lower part mmlong;upper part obconical, x as longas the lower, 5-6 mmlong, atthe mouth mmwide; lobes x aslong aswide, x mm, x as long as the tube, obtuse at the apex, glabrateoroften glabrous outside, inside sparsely to densely hirto-pubescent near the base, furthermore glabrous. Stamensexserted for mm,inserted 19-22mmfrom thecorolla base; antherssessile, x mm,apexsterilefor about0.5 mm,outside glabrousorsparselypuberulent,inside glabrousorsometimes velutinousorless often sparsely pubescent near the base; tails straight. Pistil mm long; diskcup-shaped, aslongasor longerthan theovary, 4-5 x 2-3 mm,glabrate or sparsely puberulent outside, inside glabrous;carpels ovoid, 3-4 x 3-4 mm, glabrous; style mm long, glabrous, persistent when the corolla is shed; pistil head 2 x 1 mm. Infructescences: pedicels x cm, dark brown, with many lenticels; peduncle x 0.5 cm, dark brown; bracts deciduous. Mericarps dark grey or grey-brown, verynarrowly ellipsoid orvery narrowly ovoid, x cm, tapering into an obtuse apex;wall light brown, 2 mm thick. Seeds: grains minutely granulate, x 2 mm; beak 35-45mmlong, bearingcomaallover;comapalebrown;hairs mlong, longer thanthegrainandbeak;embryo unknown. Distribution: Philippines:IslandofLuzon, Irosin, Mt. Bulusan. Ecology: Forestinthe mountains. Altitudeunknown. Vernacular names: Lanetenggubat (Tag.) or Cagpaayan (II.), according to Woodson (1936). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 55

58 MAP 14. Kibatalia elmeri Specimens examined: PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Sorsogon Prov., Irosin, Mt. Bulusan (fl. May) Elmer (A, BM, BO, BP, C, F, G, K, L, MO, NY, P, U, UC, W, Z, type), (fr. Nov.) (A, BO, BP, C, F, G, K, L, MICH, MO, NY, P, U, UC, US, W, Z, paratype). 56 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

59 6. Kibatalia gitingensis (Elmer) Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 60: Fig.15;Map 15 Basionym: Kickxia gitingensis Eimer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: (as K. gitingense);woodson, Philipp. Journ.Sei.60: Type: Philippines:IslandofSibuyan, Mt.Giting-giting,Eimer (K, holotype;isotypes: BM,BO, BP, E, F, G,K,L, MO, NY, W,Z; WAG photograph ofusisotype). Homotypicsynonym: Vallarisgitingensis (Eimer) Merrill, Philipp. Journ.Sei. 10(1): Heterotypic synonym: Vallaris angustifolia Merrill,Philipp. Journ. Sei.7(5): Lectotype:Philippines: Luzon: Sorsogon Prov.: sin.loc., Curran FB (K). Evergreen big tree, 4-30 m high. Trunk 5-55 cm in diameter, with short spreading buttresses; outer bark brittle,fissured,blackish, inconspicuouslylenticellate;inner barkwhite; sapwoodpaleyellow, whiteorcreamy. Branches finely longitudinally fissured,often lenticellate; branchlets slightly sulcate when dry, bark dark brown or blackish, with small lenticels. Leaves: petiole 3-7(10)mm long; colleters slender, 2-8, in 1-3 rows; blade papyraceous, often subcoriaceous when dry, narrowly elliptic, less often narrowly ovate, x as long aswide, 4-10 x cm,unequal-,lessoften equal-sided, acuminate orsubcaudatewith an obtusepoint at theapex,cuneate at thebaseor decurrent into the petiole, entire or less often slightly sinuate, glabrous on both sides; costa not channeled above;with 5-8 obscure secondary veins on each side; tertiary venationinvisibleorobscure;with or without domatia,if present,domatiaobscure. Inflorescences x aslong as the leaves, cm long, congested, 4-24-flowered. Peduncle about 1-2 mmlong;pedicels 8-12 mmlong. Flowers fragrant. Sepalsgreen, connatefor mm,ovate, x aslongaswide, x mm,acute at theapex, entire,glabrous outside,inside glabrous or often sparsely puberulent, ciliate at the margins, with 2-4 colleters in the wholeflower atthebaseofthesepals,simple,slender,obtuse attheapex,rarely absent. Corollawhite; tube x as longas thecalyx, 6-8 mm long,glabrous on both sides,except for the sparsely hirto-pubescent apex outside;lower part mm long; upper part x as long as the lower part, mm long, at the mouth about 3-4 mmwide;lobesnarrowly elliptic, 1-2 x aslong as the tube, x as long as wide, 8-12 x 3-7 cm, acute at the apex,less often obtuse, outside sparsely puberulent or glabrous, lessoften pubescent, insidesparsely todensely pubescent,only nearthe base moredensely so,lessoften glabrous. Stamens exserted for mm, inserted 5-7 mm from the corolla base; filaments about mm long, glabrous outside, inside velutinous; anthers x mm, with apex for about 0.25 mm sterile, outside sparsely puberulent, especially along thegrooves and at theapexmoredensely so,lessoften glabrous (sometimes without grooves),inside glabrousor sparsely to densely velutinous below the connectives; tails curved inwards. Pistil 7-9 mm long; disk often cup-shaped, x 1mm, 5-lobed, glabrous on both Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 57

60 FIG. 15. Kibatalia gitingensis. 1, habit (x{); 2, part of flower opened out (x2); 3, part of pistil and anther lateral view ( x 10); 4, anther, ventral view ( x 10); 5, fruit ( x j); 6, seed ( xa);7, embryo (x 1). 1 from Wenzel 652; 2-4 from Duldulao 25565; 5-6 from Ramos BS 19537; 7 from Elmer Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

61 MAP15. Kibatalia gitingensis sides; carpels ovoid, x mm, puberulent outside; style mm long, glabrous; pistil head about mm long. Infructescences: pedicels 10-15(20) mm long, with or without lenticels, bark sometimes transversely fissured; peduncle about 2 mm long; bracts persistent. Mericarps very narrowly ellipsoid, one fruit normally developed and the others galled, 8-25 x Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 59

62 cm,tapering into an acuminate apex, several-seeded,divergent;wall 1 mm thick, paleyellow inside. Seeds: grains x 2-3 mm, glabrous,minutely granulate, acute at the base; beak glabrous for 5-10 mm, bearing an apical coma for mm; coma brownish or whitish; hairs mm long, longer than the grain and beak; embryo creamy; cotyledons x 3mm; rootlet 4-5 x 1 mm. Distribution: Philippines: Islands of Catanduanes, Luzon (Tayabas, Sibuyan,Quezon,Biliran),Leyte andsurigao. Ecology: Forestinthehills. Altitude: m. U ses: Timber production,woodencrafts,woodenshoes (bakia), tooth picks. Vernacular names: Laniti (dialect Bis, Biliran); Laniting gubat (Laguna Prov., Luzon). Specimens examined: PHILIPPINES: LUZON: Laguna Prov.: Mt. Makiling (fl. May) Sulk PNH 8514 (BO); ibid. (fl. Apr.) Canicosa PNH (L); Makiling Nat. Park (fr. Apr.) Sulit PNH (L, PNH); Payete (fl. Apr.) Holmann 8 (GH); Famy at Bakong (fl. Apr.) Lagrimas PNH (SING). Sorsogon Prov.: sin. loc. (fr. July, Aug.) Ramos BS (A, BM, BO, F, GH, K, L, MO, NY, P, SING, US); sin. loc. (fl. June) Curran FB (K, Lectotype of Vallaris angustifolia Merrill); Irosin, Mt. Bulusan (fr. Nov.) Elmer (A, BM, BO, C, F, K, L, MO, NY, PNH, S, U, UC, US, W, Z), (fr. Nov.) (A, BM, BO, C, F, K, L, MO, NY, U, Z), (fl., fr. Apr.) (A, BM, BO, C, F, K, L, MO, NY, S, U, UC, US, Z); ibid. (fr. July, Aug.) Sulit PNH 2702 (BO, L, MO, PNH, SING, UC); Irosin, Vidal 3278 (A). Camarines Sur, Agusais (fr. Oct.) Edano 102'in BS (A, MICH, NY). Tayabas Prov.: sin. loc. (fr. Oct., Nov.) Manuel FB (K, US); Mt. Banajao (fr. Jan.) Ramos BS (BM, K, L, P, US); Bia-an, San Jose, at Mauban (fl. May) Duldulao 37 (A, US). Camarines Prov.: Paracele (fr. Nov., Dec.) Ramos & Edano (A, K, P, US); Guinobatan, Palma FB (K). Quezon Prov.: Real, Llavao, at Kakabod (fl., fr. July) Lagrimas et al. 620 (L, MO), (fr. Dec.) 584 (PNH); ibid, (bud Apr.) Leano PAL s.n. (L, MO); at Real (fl. May) Roso 134 (L). Mindanao: Surigao Prov., sin. loc, Wenzel 3504 (A, BO, C, G, K, M, MO, NY, UC, Z), (imm. fr. June) 2554 (A, BO, G, K, M, MO, NY, Z). LEYTE: sin. loc, Wenzel 678 (US), (fl. May) 652 (A, C, F, L, MO, US). Catanduanes: sin. loc. (fr. March) Borja FB (A, P). Sibuyan: Capiz Prov., Magallanes, Mt. Giting-giting (fl., fr. Apr.) Eimer (BM, BO, BP, E, F, G, K, L, MO, NY, W, Z, type; WAG, photograph of US isotype). BILIRAN: Mt. Suiro (fl. May) Sulit PNH (L). 7. Kibatalia laurifolia (Ridley) Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 60: Fig. 16; Map 16 Basionym: Trachelospermum laurifolium Ridley, Journ. Fed. Mus. 5(3): Type: Thailand: Koh Pennan, Robinson 5764 (K, holo- and isotype;p, isotype). Homotypic synonym: Paravallaris laurifolia (Ridley) Kerr, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2(5): Heterotypic synonym: Paravallaris microphylla Pitard, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: Type:Vietnam (Annam), Poilane47 (P, lectotype; isotypes: A, NY). 60 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

63 FIG. 16. Kibatalia laurifolia. 1, flowering branch ( xf); 2, flower ( x 2); 3, opened flower ( x 2); 4-5, anther both sides ( x 6); 6, opened fruit ( x f); 7,seed ( x f ); 8, detail of seed ( x If); 9, embryo ( x If). 1,6-7 from Clemens 4344; 2-5 from Leeuwenberg 12166; 8-9 from Kerr Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 61

64 Evergreen shrub ortree 1-20 m high. Trunk 4-19cm in diameter; bark rather smooth. Branches hollowwhen dry, appear from lowdown;branchlets slightly compressed and canaliculate at theextremeapex or not; bark sometimestransversely fissured. Leaves: petiole 2-6mmlong, colleters 2-15,in 1-3 rows; blade coriaceousor papyraceouswhen dry, narrowlyelliptic or narrowlyovate, sometimes elliptic, (1.8) x as long as wide, 8-19 x 2-6cm, unequal-or equalsided, tapering into an acuminate or subcaudate apex with obtuse point, less often acute at the apex, glabrous on both sides, much paler beneath or not; with (6)7-14 secondary veins on each side; tertiary venation obscure; with or lessoften without domatia,if present,domatia consistingof pits. Inflorescences lax, x as long as the leaves, cm long, 1-6-flowered. Peduncle 0-5 mm long, lenticelateor not,inflorescence axis with deciduousbractsclosely together and 2-5 mm long; pedicels 5-20 mm long, glabrous, less often with puberulentbase;bracts erect,sometimeswithciliolate margin. Flowersfragrant. Sepals pale green, connate for mm, ovate, elliptic or hemi-orbicular, x as long as wide, x 1-3 mm, obtuse, acute or rounded at the apex,ciliolate at the margin, outside glabrous or glabrate,inside glabrous,sometimeswith gladular dots;with 4-8 colletersin thewholeflower in asinglerow at the base of the sepals near the edges, simple, slender or flat, x 0.5 mm,acute or obtuse at the apex. Corolla white orpaleyellow;tube 11-12mm long, x as long as the calyx, mostly glabrous on both sides, sometimes only neartheapexsparselyhirto-pubescent outsideandtomentoseinside; lower part mmlong,slightlywidening into avery short obconical upper part; upper part x as long as the lower part, 1-2 mm long, at the mouth mmwide;lobes narrowlyelliptic, x as long as the tube, x as long as wide, 9-16 x 3-8 mm, acute at the apex, at the base auriculate, at the margin often sparsely ciliolate, sparsely to densely pubescent on both sides,lessoften puberulent outside. Stamens exserted for mm, adnate to the mouth or not, inserted mm from the corolla base; anthers sessile, x mm, acuminate at the for about mm sterile apex, outside hirto-pubescent, inside glabrous or sometimes near the base sparsely hirto-pubescent; tailscurvedinwards or straight. Pistil 12-14mmlong, persistent when the corolla is shed; disk ring-shaped, x 1-2 mm, obscurely 5-lobed; carpels ovoid, 2x1-2 mm, sparsely hirto-puberulent outside, less often retuse at the apex, abruptly narrowing into the style;style filiform, 9-11 mm long, glabrous; pistil head 1-2 x 0.75 mm, glabrous or with some hirtopubescence. Infructescences: pedicels x 0.3cm, lenticellate, barksometimes transversely fissured;peduncle short or obsolete, cm long; bracts persistent. Mericarps dark grey or dark brown, cylindrical orellipsoid, woody, x cm, tapering into an obtuse apex, with a raised line at each side or not, not lenticellate, many-seeded; wall mm thick, pale brown or pale yellow inside. Seeds: grains x mm, glabrous, minutely granulate and shallowly canaliculate, acute at thebase;beak glabrous for 5-10 mm, bearing an apical coma for mm; coma whitish; hairs mm 62 ' Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 ( 1986)

65 long, longer than the grain and beak; embryo whitish; cotyledons 16x2 mm; rootlet cylindrical, 4.5 x 1 mm. Distribution: Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia (Continent). Ecology: Forests, thickets, or limestone hill. Altitude: m. Vernacular names: Thailand: Nga Chang (Surat). Vietnam: Cay danh (Hoa Tan), Cay Banh Loi (Ile Tre), Cay Moc (Dong Che), Bhao (Nhatrang) MAP16. Kibatalia laurifolia Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 63

66 Specimens examined: THAILAND: Bangao, Surat (fr. Feb.) Kerr (BM, E, K, L, MO, P, SING); Kaw Lebong, Trang (fl. Apr.) Kerr (BM, E, K, L, P); Ban Son (fl. May) Hanif & Nur 4238 (K, SING); S.W. of Koh Pennan (fl. May) Robinson 5764 (K, P, type). VIETNAM: Tu-Phap (fl. May) Anonym, s.n. (L); Trang Bon (fl. May) Hoi s.n. (MO); Quang Tri Prov.: Ailao Pass (fl. Aug.) Poilane (P, WAG); Dong Che (fl. May) Poilane (A, K, MICH, P, paratype of Paravallaris microphylla). Nhatrang Prov.: Hoa Tan (fl., fr. June) Poilane 47 (A, NY, P, Lectotype of P. microphylla); Ile Tre, Moi village (bud, Apr.) 3066 (P, UC, paratype of P. microphylla); Mère et l'enfant Mts. (fl., fr. May) 6620 (A, P, paratype of P. microphylla); Phu Hu (fr. Jan.) 5423 (A, F, NY, P). Hoi, north Tourane (fl., fr. Aug.) Clements 4344 (A, BM, C, G, K, MO, U, UC, Z); Mut-tin, Tourane (fl. May) Forestier (P, WAG). MALAYSIA: Perak (fr. March) Samsuri Ahmad & Mahmud Sidek SA 649 (SING). CULTIVATED: IVORY COAST: near Abobo (fl. Dec.) Leeuwenberg (WAG); Adiopodoumé, 17 km W. of Abidjan (fl. May) Leeuwenberg (WAG). 8.KibatalialongifoliaMerrill,Philipp. Journ.Sei. 17: ; Merrill,Enum. Philipp.3: (as K. oblongifolia). Fig. 17; Map 17 Type: Philippines: Mindanao: Davao Prov., Balutakay, Santa Cruz (fl., fr. Apr.)A. demesa 118 infb27534 (A, lectotype,wasisotype). Tree up to 16 m high; trunk up to 34cm in diameter, with white latex (?). Branches: branchlets dark brown, sulcate when dry. Leaves: petiole 6-7 mm long, channeled above;without colleters in the axils;blade elliptic or subobovate, x as long as wide, x cm, acute at the apex;with 8-9 secondary veinsoneach side; tertiary venation obscure;domatia obsolete. Inflorescences about 10cm (?)long, probably x as long as the leaves, 1-3-flowered, lax. Peduncle short, 3-5 mm long;pedicels 30mm long; bracts persistent. Flowers white, bell-shaped (teste: A de Mesa27534). Sepals x as long as wide, 4-7 x 4-5 mm, glabrous on both sides, acute or rounded at theapex,entire;colletersmore orless than 7 inthewhole flower, flat, retuse or obtuse at the apex. Corolla unknown: tube (according to Merrill, 1920): lower part 16mmlong;upper part 10mmlong,inflated, outsideglabrous or sparsely puberulent,insidepubescent;lobes40 x 4-5 mm,outsidesparsely puberulent, inside peberulent. Stamens probably included;antherssessile, outside glabrous, at the apex hirto-pubescent, inside hirto-pubescent below the connectives, fuirthermore glabrous. Pistil: disk 5 x 4 mm, hirto-puberulent attheapex, furthermore glabrous; ovary 6x4 mm, glabrous;style and pistil head unknown. Infructescences: pedicels 3 x 0.5 cm, rigid, glabrous. Mericarps dark brown, narrowly ellipsoid, x cm, tapering into an acute apex, with araisedline ateachside,divergent atanangleof about ,many-seeded. Seeds with several tufts of hairs on suture side;grains x 2-3 mm,glabrate, minutely granulate, acuminate at the base;beakglabrousfor about mm,bearinganapicalcomafor 40-50mm; comawhite; hairs 20-50mm long, shorter than the grain (and beak);embryo paleyellow;cotyledons 20 x 3 mm; rootlet 3x1 mm. 64 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

67 ne 17. Kibatalia longifolia. 1, flowering branch ( x ); 2, part of bud ( x 3); 3, sepal with colleters ( x 3); 4, immature stamen both sides ( x 4); 6, branchlet with fruit ( x f); 7, seed ( x $); 8, embryo (x li). 1-8 from de Mesa 118. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 65

68 MAP 17. Kibalalia longifolia Distribution: Philippines, Mindanao Isl., Province of Davao. Ecology: Forests (?), on deep rich soil. Altitude: 40 m. Vernacular name: Klangnita (dialect Tagakaolo). Only known from the type. 66 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

69 9. Kibatalia macgregori (Elmer) Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 60: Fig.18;Map18 Basionym: Kickxia macgregorieimer,leafl.philipp.bot. 4: Type: Philippines:Island ofsibuyan, Magallanes,Eimer (K, holotype; isotypes: A, BM,BO,BP,E, F, G,L, MICH, MO, NY, W,Z; WAG, photograph of USisotype). A rather small or middle sized tree; stem 20cm thick, 8 m high or higher, branched above themiddle;wood yellowish-white,very soft, bitter, odourless; bark roughened, brown when old, greyish-mottled towards the top; branches with numerous lax secondary branches, the shining portion slender and more orless drooping (copiedfromelmer,1912); branchlets sulcatewhen dry. Leaves: petiole 5-7 mmlong;colletersseveral,in asingle row, persistentwhen theleaves are shed; blade, papyraceous or subcoriaceous when dry, narrowly ovate, 3.5-4x aslong as wide, x 2-3.5cm, equal- orlessoftensubequal-sided, acuminate or acute,sometimesshortlycaudate attheapex,cuneateatthe base, glabrouson both sides; with 10-13secondary veinsoneachside; tertiary venation obscure ; domatia with orwithout several tufts of hairs. Inflorescences lax, x aslongas the leaves, cmlong, 1-3-flowered. Peduncle 2-3 mm long; pedicels 10-15(20) mm long; bracts mm long, erect. Flowers odourless (Elmer, 1912). Sepalsgreen,free, ovate, x aslongas wide, 2-3 x 2 mm, acute or acuminate at the apex, glabrous on both sides; with 3-5 colleters in the whole flower in a single row at the base of the sepals, mostly situated on the inner sepals, flat, about 1 mm long, acute at the apex. Corolla white (Elmer, 1912);tube x as long as the calyx, (17)19-22 mm long, glabrousoutside,insidedenselypubescentorvelutinousexceptfor theglabrous base, lower part mm long;upper part obconical, x as long as thelower, 5-7 mmlong, at the mouth about 4.5(8.5)mmwide;lobes narrowly elliptic, x aslongasthe tube, x aslongaswide, x 7-15 mm, acute at the apex, folded near the base, glabrous outside, inside glabrate or sparsely puberulent, often near the base more densely so. Stamens included for mm,inserted 18-20mmfrom thecorolla base; anthers sessile, x 1 mm, at apex sterile for about 0.5 mm, outside sparsely puberulent, only near the apex more densely so, inside sparsely pubescent, especially below the connectiveshirto-pubescent orvelutinous;tailsstraight. Pistil 17-20mmlong; diskcup-shaped, x 2-3 mm;carpelsovoid, 2-3 x mm, glabrous; style 12-15mm long, glabrous, persistent when the corolla is shed; pistil head about 2 x 0.5 mm. Fruits unknown. Distribution: Philippines: IslandofSibuyan. Ecology: Forestinthe mountains. Altitude:Highland. Onlyknownfrom the type. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 67

70 FIG. 18. Kibatalia macgregori. 1, flowering branch ( x f); 2, leaf beneath ( x }); 3, opening bud ( x f); 4, longitudinal section of flower ( x 3); 5, sepal with colleters ( x 3); 6-7, stamen both sides ( x 6). 1-7 from Elmer Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

71 *a> Ü«3^ MAP 18. Kibatalia macgregori 10.Kibatalia maingayi (Hooker f.) Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 60: ; Whitmore, Fl. Mal. 2: Fig. 19; Map19 Basionym: Vallaris maingayi Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: ; Gamble, Journ. As. Beng. 74(2): ; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: Type: Malaysia: Malacca, Maingayi 2948, under Kew distribution number 1084 (K, holotype; isotypes: K, L); ibid., Maingayi 2628 under Kew distribution number 1084 (A, GH, K, paratype). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 69

72 f FIG.19. Kibatalia maingayi. 1,habit (xl); 2, flower (x5); 3,gynoecium and stamens inside and dorsalview ( x 5); 4, stamen,ventralview ( x 10);5, stamen,dorsalview (x 10);6,fruit, smallsize ( x 1);7,mature fruit ( xa);8,seed (x{). 1 from Kostermans & Anta 1096; 2-5 from Kostermans 7167; 6-7from Dachlan 2in bb9898; 8from Kostermans Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

73 Homotypic synonym: Paravallaris maingayi (Hooker f.) Kerr, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2(5): Heterotypic synonym: Holarrhena daronensis Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 4: (as Halorrhena daronensis). Type: Philippines: Mindanao Isl., Davao Distr., (fr. Sept.) Elmer (K, Lectotype, was isotype; isotype: A, BM, BO, BP, E, L, MO, P, US, W). Homotypic synonyms: Vallaris daronensis (Elmer) Merrill, Philipp. Journ. Sei. Bot. 10(1): Kibatalia daronensis (Elmer) Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 60: Evergreen big tree 5-40 m high; crown small, about 2 m across, light, rarely dense. Trunk straight, slender, 7-120cm in diameter, sometimes with buttresses; when big buttress about 1 m high; clear bole 10-30mhigh, 30-50cm in diameter at the first branch; outer bark rough or smooth, 1-4 mm thick, often fissured or cracked, pale brown, dark grey or whitish mottled; fissures in bark 10 mm long, 5-10 mm wide; inner bark pale yellow, less often brown outside, mottled, granulate, often withsweet taste, 3-10 mm thick, inside white; sapwood moderatelysoft, white, straw-coloured or pale yellow, odourless, with a distinct sweetish taste (teste: Elmer 11912). Branches smooth, with often longitudinally and transversely fissured bark; branchlets smooth, sulcate when dry, with or without lenticels. Leaves: petiole 2-10 mm long, with or without colleters;if present, colleters slender, persistent or deciduous when the leaves are shed; blade coriaceous, narrowly to widely elliptic, x as long as wide, x (1)2-6 cm, acuminate with an obtuse point, less often acute or shortly caudate at the apex, with sometimes slightly sinuate margins, cuneate at the base or decurrent into the petiole, above dark green, shiny, with or without domatia; domatia with tufts of hairs or not; with 4-7 secondary veins on each side; tertiary venation obscure. Inflorescences congested, x as long as the leaves, cm long, 4-25-flowered. Peduncle 1-3 mm long, not lenticellate; pedicels 7-12(15) mm long, lenticellate; bracts very small. Flowers fragrant and with about the same odour as peanut {(Arachis hypogaea) teste Dorst in bb. 1T.2P.191), less often odourless. Sepals green, spreading or recurved, free or connate for mm, ovate, (1)1.2-3 x as long as wide, x 1-2 mm, acute or acuminate at the apex,less often obtuse, ciliate at the margin, outside glabrous or less often pubescent, only near the apex puberulent, inside glabrous; colleters 4-15 in the whole flower in a single row at the base of the sepals, short, about 0.5 mm long, flat, retuse or rarely obtuse at the apex. Corolla white, pale yellow or light green; tube 2-3(4.5) x as long as the calyx, 5-8(10) mm long, glabrous outside, inside sparsely to densely hirto-puberulent except for the glabrous part near the apex; mouth about 3-4 mm wide, sparsely to densely hirto-puberulent; lobes obovate or ovate, rarely elliptic, (0.6) x as long as the tube, x as long as wide, 6-12 x 3-7 mm, obtuse or acute at the apex, less often rounded, equalor unequal-sided, slightly ciliolate at the apex, sparsely to densely pubescent on both sides, less often glabrous inside. Stamens exserted for 2-2.5(3) mm, inserted 5-8(10) mm from the corolla base; anthers sessile, 2-2.5(3) x mm, with apex for about mm sterile, outside glabrous, only along the Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 71

74 groovesand at the apexhirto-puberulent,inside glabrous, only below theconnective hirto-puberulent; tails curvedinward. Pistil 6-9(12)mm long;diskringto cup-shaped, x 1-1.5(2)mm,5-lobed; carpels ovoid, 1-2 x mm, sparsely hirto-puberulent (especially near the apex outside); style (9)mmlong, sparselypuberulent orglabrous,only at theextremeapex moredensely hirto-puberulent; pistilhead about 1 mm long, partlyhirto-pubescent attheextremebase. Infructescences:pedicels 10-25mm long, with or without lenticels and sometimes with transversely fissured bark; peduncle about 10-20mm long,withlenticels or not. Mericarpsdark brownorpale grey, bitter (teste Dorst 1T.2P 191), very narrowlycylindrical, 8-50 x cm, tapering into an acuminate apex, glabrous,many-seeded; wall 1mm thick, light brown inside. Seeds: grains glabrous, granulate, x mm, acuteat the base; beak glabrousfor about 5-10 mm,bearinganapicalcomafor 0-65 mm; coma lightbrown orwhitish;hairs 10-80mmlong,longer than thegrain (andbeak); embryocreamy; cotyledons x mm; rootlet 5 x mm. Distribution: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia: Sumatra and Kalimantan. Philippines: MindanaoIsl. Ecology: Evergreenlowland or montaneforests,often on dry,sandysoil. Uses: Thelatexisfor sale (teste: Kostermans211),thewoodisusedfor axes shaft or knive sheath (teste - Rudjiman 242, 263,265), the leaves are applied for spleenomegalyin thephilippines (teste: Frake707). Vernacular names: Malaysia: Jelutong (Perak), JelutungPipit (Selangor), JelutungBeruang (Selangor), Polai (Malacca). Indonesia:Sumatra:Bentaossusuh (Palembang), Mayang Parbue (Simalungun), Mengkelai (Bangka), Pulai (Bangka), Rubi Bunga (Simalur), Rubi Item Silai (Simalur), Rubi Item (Simalur), Kayu Tambus Purun (Asahan), Kayu Nasi (Palembang), Pulai (Riau), Mentaos (Riau). Kalimantan: West: Pelai Liling (Sambas). South: Mentaos (Kintap,Barito Kuala), Bintuas (Pleiharai).ThePhilippines: Mindanao:Melegates (Zamboanga). Specimens examined: THAILAND: Kao Soi Dao, Patalung (fl. Apr.) Kerr (BM, E, L, P, SING); Bam Kaluti, Toh Moh (fl. Apr.) Herb. Kerr 787 (BM, K). PHILIPPINES: MINDANAO Island: Davao Distr., Todaya, Mt. Apo (fr. Sept.) Elmer (A, BM, BO, BP,E, K, L, MO, P, US, W, typeof Holarrhena daronensis Elmer); Lake Lanao, Camp Keithley (bud, May) Clemens s.n. (F); Zamboanga, Dikus (fr. Jan.) Frake 707 (L); Agusan Prov., along vitus creek (fr. Aug.) Genova FB (NY, UC, W). MALAYSIA: PENANG: Government Hills (fl. March) Curtis 1767 (K, SING); Batu Feringgi (fr. Sept.) Guard (BM, K, SING); (fl. March) Curtis 2748 (BM, K, SING). PERAK: Chickees F.R. (fr. Oct.) Watson (A, K, L, SING); Ulu Geroh R., E. of Gopeng, Bertam, NG 1554 (L, SING); Koh Mai F.R. (fl. Apr.) Kiah (A, K, SING). SELANGOR: LOW Hills (fl. Apr.) Cubutti C (SING); Ulu Langat (fl. May) Gadoh anak Umbai 2132 (K). PAHANG: Betong, Raka Hills F.R., Kochummen (K, L); Road State (fl. Apr.) Watson 1862 (SING). NEGRI SEMBILAN: Gunung Angsi (fl. Apr.) Watson 1885 (SING). MALACCA (fl. Apr.) Maingayi 2948 (under Kew distribution number 1084, small leaved specimens) (K, holotype; isotype: K, L); ibid., Maingayi 2628 (under Kew distribution number 1084, large leaved specimens) (A, GH, K, paratype); sin. loc, Maingayi 1069 (K). JOHORE: Sungai Segun, Gunung Panti (fl. Apr.) Corner s.n. (SING); Penya- 72 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

75 MAP 19. Kibatalia maingayi bong (fl. May) Foxworthy C (K, SING). SARAWAK: Kuching, Semengoh F.R. (fl. May) Galau S (BO, K, L, SING); ibid., (fl. May) Banying anak Nyudong S (BO, L); ibid., (fl. June) Asah (A, BO, K, L); ibid.. Penrissen Road (fl. Apr.) Othman et al. S (K, L, MO). INDONESIA: SUMATRA: NORTH: Kuala near Kampung Lundet (fl. March) Bartlett 7124 (F, G, L, MICH, NY); Tor Matutung, Asahan (fr. July) Rahmat si Boeea 9509 (A, F, G, K, L, MICH, NY, UC); Simalungun, Gaja 15 in bb 3077 (BO, BZF, L). SIMALUR Isl.: (fr. June) Ahmad 1182 (BO, BZF, L, U), (fr. Oct.) 719 in bb 3355 (BO, BZF, L), (fl. Dec.) 771 in bb 3395 (A, BO, BZF, L); Tapah, Ahmad 1651 in bb 4751 (BO, BZF, L). RIAU: Muara Pejangki (fl. Apr.) Buwalda 62 in bb (A, BO, L) (fl. Apr.) 6493 (A, BO, L, NY); Kw. Keritang, Buwalda 479 in bb (A, BO, L). SOUTH: BANGKA: Lobak besar (fl. Oct.) Kostermans & Anta 1096 (A, BO, L, SING); ibid, (bud Sept.) Kostermans 118 in bb (A, AAU, BO, BZF, G, L); (fl. Oct.) 1074 (A, BO, BM, L, SING); Mangkol Mt. (fl. Sept.) Kostermans 784 (A, BO, L); Bakung village (fl. Oct.) Kostermans 211 in bb (BZF, K, L). Palembang Distr.: Rawas, Anonym. 990 (BO); ibid. (fl. May) Dumas 1553 (BO, K, L, U); ibid., Grashoff 990 (BO); near Bayung Lincir and Banyuasin (imm. fr. Oct, mature fr. Dec.) Dorst 1 T. 1 P. 191 (BO, BZF); Lematang Ilir, Gunung Magang village, Dorst T.3P.963 (A, BO, BZF); Musi Ilir, Ipil village (fl. Apr.) Lunel 18 in TB 1082 (BO, BZF). KALIMAN- Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 73

76 TAN: WEST: Lemukutan Isl., Hallier 360 (BO, L, U); Mt. Senjunjuh, Sambas, Perigi Limus village, De Jong 181 in bb 7051 (BO, BZF). SOUTH: Kintap village, Tanah Laut Distr. (fl. Oct.) Busri 31 in bb 5532 (BO); ibid., Rudjiman 242 (Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM, Yogyakarta); N.of Pandansari village, Subdistr. Kintap, Distr. Tanah Laut (imm. fr. Apr.) Rudjiman 265 (Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta); near Salaman village, Subdistr. Kintap (fr. Apr.) Rudjiman 263 (Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta); Jilatan village, Tanah Laut Distr. (fr. May) Dachlan 2 (BO, BZF); Terusan village (fl. May) Abar bin Adau 74 (BO, BZF). EAST: Loa Janan, W. of Samarinda (fr. Apr.) Kostermans 6698 (L, SING); Tanjung Bangko, near mouth of Mahakan R. (fl. fr. June) Kostermans 7167 (A, BO, L, SING, WAG); Central Kutei, Belayan R., near Kembang Janggut (fl. May) Kostermans (A, BM, BO, L, WAG); Balikpapan (fr. Feb.) Kostermans (BM, BO, L, SING); ibid., near Mentawir village (fr. March) Kostermans (BO, L, SING). CULTIVATED: SINGAPORE: Bot. Gard. (fl. Apr.) Hassan (BM, K, PNH, SING); ibid (fl. Apr.) Nur (A, BM, K, PNH, SING); ibid., Ridley 4917 (BM, K, L). 11. Kibataliamerrilliana Woodson, Philipp. Journ.Sei. 60: Fig.20; Map 20 Type: Philippines:Leyte,Wenzel330 (BM, holotype; isotypes: A, F, G, GH, L; WAG, photograph of US isotype) Tree 6-7 m high. Trunk 10-12cmindiameter. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mmlong; colleters several, long; blade coriaceous, elliptic, x as long as wide, x cm,acuminate with obtuse point at the apex,glabrous on bothsides;with 6-8 conspicuoussecondaryveinsoneachside; tertiaryvenation obscure; domatia present. Inflorescences lax, x as long as the leaves, cm long, 1-2-flowered. Peduncle about 4-5 mm long; pedicels about mm long, glabrous; bracts about 1 x 1mm, ovate, acute at the apex, glabrous on bothsides. Flowers fragrant. Sepals probablypale green,free,ovate, x as long as wide, 3-5 x 2-5 mm, acute, obtuse or rounded at the apex, glabrous on both sides; with 4-10 colleters in the whole flower, at the base of the sepals, being flat, simple, about 1mm long and acute at the apex. Corolla white;tube 7-9 x aslongasthecalyx, mm long,glabrous outside,inside glabrous,exceptfor thepubescence neartheapex;lower part mm long;upper part campanulate, x aslong as the lower part, 7-9 mm long, at the mouth about mm wide; lobes obovate, x as long as the tube, x as long as wide, x (12)17-23 mm, obtuse at the apex, folded at the base or not, outside glabrous, inside sparsely hirtopubescent near the base, furthermore glabrous. Stamens exserted for 1-3 mm, inserted about 29-30mmfrom thecorolla base; filaments mmlong,glabrous; anthers 6-7 x mm, with apex for about 0.5 mm sterile, outside glabrous, only along thegrooveswith somepuberulence, insidesparsely hirtopubescent; tails straight. Pistil30mm long;disk urceolate, 8x5 mm, longer than the ovary, 5-lobed, minutely puberulent outside; carpels ovoid, about 7 x 4.5 mm, glabrous; style filiform, 20 mm long, glabrous; pistil head about 3mm long. Fruits immature; peduncle 7.5 mm; pedicels x 4mm, glabrous. 74 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

77 FIG. 20. Kibatalia merrilliana. 1, branch with flower and young fruit ( x ); 2, flower bud ( x ); 3, flower ( x ); 4, opened flower ( x 2); 5, part of disk ( x 6); 6, sepal with colleters ( x 2); 7, part of calyx with ovary (disk removed) (x2); 8-10, stamen three sides (x4). 1-3 from Sulit & Conese PNH 6241; 4-10 from Wenzel 330. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 75

78 MAP 20. Kibatalia merilliana Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

79 Specimens examined: PHILIPPINES: SAMAR Isl.: Tabokan, Liquilocon, Wright (fl., imm. fr. May) Sulit & Conese 2855 in PNH 6241 (A, L, PNH, SING). LEYTE: sin. loc. (fl. July) Wenzel 330 (A, BM, F, G, GH, L, type; WAG, photograph of US isotype). 12. KibataliapuberuiaMerrill, Philipp. Journ.Sei.30: ; Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sei.60: Fig. 21; Map 21 Type:ThePhilippines: Samar Isl., McGregor BS43767 (UC, lectotype,was isotype;isotype: NY). Evergreen tree 6-10 m high. Trunk 15-20cmindiameter. Branches: branchlets sulcate when dry, pale grey or pale brown. Leaves: petiole 3-5 mm long; colleters about 5-6, short; blade papyraceous or coriaceous when dry,elliptic, less often ovate or obovate, x as long as wide, x cm, mostly equal-sided, obtuse, acuminate or acute at the apex, at the base rounded orcuneate, glabrousabove, beneath sparselypuberulent,especiallyon the midriband secondaryveins moredenselyso, glabrescent;costawithseveral lenticels beneath,with 8-12 secondaryveins oneachside; tertiaryvenationobscure,seemingly parallel;several domatia. Inflorescences mostlysolitary, x as long astheleaves, cmlong. Peduncle about 2-5 mmlong;pedicels about 20-30mm long, glabrous orsparsely puberulent. Flowers fragrant. Sepals probably pale green, free, ovate, x as long as wide, 2-4 x 2-4 mm, acute or acuminate at the apex,ciliate at the margin,outsidesparselypuberulent or pubescent,nearthe base moredensely so, inside glabrous; with 5-15 colleters in the whole flower in a single row at the base of the sepals, slender or flat, simple, obtuse or retuse at the apex. Corolla white; tube x as long asthecalyx, 18-23mmlong, outside glabrous,inside sparsely hirto-pubescent or puberulent; lower part about mm long; upper part (2) x as longasthelower, (12)16-17mmlong; at the mouth about 4-5 mmwide; lobes narrowly elliptic, x as long as the tube, x as long as wide, (33) x 9-13 mm, acute or acuminate at the apex, outside glabrous or sparselypuberulent,exceptfor thesparsely todenselyhirto-pubescent base, inside glabrous, only near the base sparsely hirto-pubescent or puberulent. Stamens included for (5)8-9.5 mm, inserted (6)7.5-8 mm from the corolla base; antherssessile,6.5 x 1.5-2mm, apex for about0.5 mm sterile, outside glabrous, onlysparsely todensely hirto-pubescent along the grooves, inside glabrous; tails straight. Pistil10-15mmlong;disk ring-orcup-shaped, 2x2-3 mm, shorter than the ovary, glabrous on both sides, except for the hirto-pubescent apex; carpels ovoid, x mm, glabrous or with several stiff hairs at the apex;style mm long;pistilhead mmlong. Fruits unknown. Distribution: Philippines: IslandofSamar. Ecology: Dipterocarpforests orriver banks,sometimesonrockyhills. Altitude: m. Vernacular name: Lanete (dialect Bis). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 11

80 ne 21. Kibatalia puberuia. 1, flowering branch ( x ); 2, leaf beneath (detail with domatium) ( x 4); 3, longitudinal section of corolla ( x 2); 4-5, stamen both sides ( x 4); 6, calyx with pistil and one stamen ( x 4); 7, sepal with colleters ( x 4). 1-7 from Sulit PNH Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

81 MAP 21. Kibatalia puberuia Specimens examined: PHILIPPINES: SAMAR Isl.: Wright, Mt. Malingon (fl. Apr., May) Sulit PNH 6180 (BO, L, PNH, SING); Bagacay, Concord (fl. Apr., May) Sulit 2766 in PNH 6293 (A, L); Loquilocon (fl. June) McGregor BS (NY, UC, type). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 79

82 13.Kibataliastenopetala Merrill, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 17: ; Woodson, Philipp. Journ.Sei.60: Fig.22;Map22 Type:Philippines: Mindanao Isl., Ramos & Pascasio (A, lectotype,was isotype;isotypes:bm,bo, K,L, P; WAG, photograph ofusisotype). Heterotypic synonym: K. luzonensis Woodson, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 60: Type: Philippines:Luzon Isl., (fl. June) Rivera & Duyag75041 (holotype notseen, probably destroyedin PNH; isotype: UC). Tree, about 5-10 mhigh;branches nearly blackwhen dry, glabrous,obscurely lenticellate (copiedfrom MERRILL (1920) and WOODSON (1936)); branchletssulcate when dry, bark sometimes transversely fissured. Leaves: petiole 2-5 mm long;colleters several, persistent when the leaves are shed;blade coriaceous or lessoften papyraceouswhen dry,elliptic tonarrowlyelliptic,often subobovate, x aslong aswide, 5-10 x cm, obtuse or acuminate with an obtuse point at theapex,lessoften acute, at thebasecuneate or decurrent into the petiole, glabrouson both sides;with 5-8 secondaryveins oneachside; tertiary venation obscure; domatia present or not. Inflorescences cm long, x as long as the leaves, 1-4-flowered. Peduncle 0-3 mm long;pedicels 9-22(25)mm long. Flowers: Sepals broadlyovate,free, x as long aswide, x 1.5 mm, acute at the apex, entire, glabrous on both sides; colleters absent. Corolla white (according to Merrill inwoodson (1936));tubecylindrical, mm long, x as long as the calyx, glabrous outside, inside glabrous, except for the sparsely hirto-pubescent upper part; lower part 4-5 mm long;upper part 5-12 mm long, 1-3 x as long as the lower part, mouth about mm wide; lobes narrowly elliptic x as long as the tube, x aslongaswide, x 3-4 mm,acuminate at theapex, glabrous outside, inside glabrous, only sparsely puberulent near the base. Stamens included for 7-8 mm, not connivent into a close cone,inserted 4-5 mm from the corolla base; anthers sessile, 5-6x1 mm, with apex about 1 mm sterile, glabrous on both sides,except for thefew stiff hairs along the grooves outside and below theconnectives inside;tails curved towards each other. Pistil 7mm long;disk ring-shaped, about 1 x 2mm, shallowly5-lobed;carpelsovoid, about 2x2 mm, glabrous; style 3mm long, glabrous;pistil head about 2 x 1 mm. Mature fruits unknown. Distribution: Philippines: Islandsof Mindanaoand Luzon. Ecology: Forestinthe mountains. Altitude:Low (MERRILL,1920). Specimens examined: PHILIPPINES: Luzon Isl.: Cagayan Prov., Mt. Babatingin (fl. May) Edafio FB (A); Laguna Prov., Majayjay (fl. June) Rivera & Duyag BS (UC, type of K. luzonensis). MINDANAO Isl.: Surigao Prov., (fl. fr. June) Ramos & Pascasio BS34691 (A, BM, BO, K, L, P, type; WAG, photograph of US iso type). 80 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

83 ne 22. Kibatalia stenosepala. 1, flowering branch ( x f); 2, part of corolla without stamens ( x 2); 3, flower base dissected ( x 4); 4, sepal with colleters ( x 4); 5-6, stamen both sides ( x 6). 1-6 from Ramos & Pascasio BS Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 81

84 MAP 22. Kibatalia stenopetala KibataliavillosaRudjiman, sp. nov. Fig. 23;Map 23 Arbor sempervirens.foliapetiolata laminiscoriaceisellipticisvel angusteellipticis, apice acutis, acuminatis vel rare obtusis vel caudatis, basi cuneatis, utraque latere glabris. Inflorescentia congesta, pedunculo brevissimo vel obscuro. Florespedicellati odorantes.sepala pallide viridia, ovata,apice acuta,glabra vel sublabra. Corolla albavelviridi-flava tubo calycemultolongiore,lobis 82 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

85 FIG. 23. Kibatalia villosa. 1, branchlet (xf); 2, flowering branchlet (x ); 3, flower (x2); 4, flower bud ( x 2); 5, section of flower ( x 2); 6, apex of gynoecium and anther lateral view ( x 6); 7, anther, ventral view ( x 6);8, anther, dorsal view ( x 6). 1,3-8 from Rudjiman 266; 2 from Haviland Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 83

86 ellipticis vel anguste ellipticis. Stamina exserta antheribus sessilibus. Ovarium disco annulari velcupuliformi circumdatum. Fructus immaturus anguste follicularis. Type:Indonesia: Kalimantan: South: Barito Kuala Distr.,Bambangin,Rudjiman266 (BO,holotype; isotypes: BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta,L,WAG). Evergreen tree mhigh. Trunk cmindiameter,clearbole mhigh; crownsmall; bark rather smooth, finely fissured, often slightlycracked in small quadrangular pieces; inner bark brown; sapwood yellow, creamy or white. Branches and branchlets with transversely fissured bark, less often not. Leaves:petiole 5-15mm long;colletersseveral, short, persistentwhen theleaves are shed;blade coriaceous,elliptic or narrowly elliptic, (7.2) x as long aswide, x (2.5)5-7.5cm, acute, acuminate,lessoften obtuseorslightly caudate at the apex, cuneate at the base, glabrous on both sides, dark green and shiny above, light green beneath; with (8)9-12 secondary veins on each side; tertiary venation obscure; domatia consisting of pits. Inflorescences x aslong as theleaves, cm long, congested, 8-25-flowered. Peduncle (0)1-5mmlong;pedicels about 10-12mmlong, glabrous,sometimes near thebasesparsely puberulent; bracts0.5mmlong. Flowers rather fragrant. Sepals pale green, connate for about 1 mm, sometimes free, ovate x as long as wide, x mm, acute at the apex, glabrous or sparsely puberulent on both sides; with 2-6 colleters in the whole flower at the base of thesepals neartheedges,being about mmlong andobtuse atthe apex. Corolla white or greenish-yellow; tube 2-8 x as long as the calyx, (9)11-14 mm long,cylindricalwithor without asubgloboselowerhalf,glabrousoutside, inside glabrous, often sparsely puberulent, and sparsely tomentose near the apex; lower part 8-12 mm long; upper part x as long as the lower part, 0-2 mm long; at the mouth sparsely hirto-pubescent, villose or often tomentose, about 6-8 mm wide;lobes elliptic or narrowly elliptic, x as long as the tube, x as long as wide, 9-7 x (10) mm, obtuse, acuteor truncate attheapex,subequal-sided,sometimes ciliolate, nearthebase withrecurvedmargins, outsideglabrousor glabrate,inside pubescent,lessoften glabrate near theapex,and at thebasesparsely hirto-pubescent orvillous. Stamensexsertedfor mm,inserted 10-12mmfrom the corolla base; anthers sessile, 3 x mm, apex for about mm sterile, glabrous outside, only sparsely to densely hirto-pubescent near the apex, inside with several stiff hairs below theconnectives, furthermore glabrous; tails straight orcurved inward. Pistil mm long, persistent when the corolla is shed; disk ringtocup-shaped, 1-2 x 1-2 mm,shallowly 5-lobed,glabrousonboth sides; carpelsovoidor narrowlyovoid, 2-3 x 1-2 mm,sparsely puberulent or glabrous; style 8-11 mm long, glabrous; pistil head x 0.75 mm. Infructescences: Immaturefruits narrowlyfollicular, maturefruits unknown. 84 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

87 MAP 23. Kibatalia villosa Distribution: Malaysia: Continent: Johore. Sarawak: Kalong, Marudi. Indonesia: Kalimantan:West, East,South. Ecology: Swamp or montaneforest, often onlimestone,sandy orloamsoil. Altitude: m. Uses: InIndonesiathewoodisusedfor dagger sheaths. Vernacular names: Malaysia: Uchong (Marudi); Jelutun pipit (Johore). Indonesia: Empaga (Simpang, W. Kalimantan); Nyatu (Berauw, E. Kalimantan); Mantaos (Kintap, Barito Kuala,S. Kalimantan). Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 85

88 Specimens examined: MALAYSIA: JOHORE: Rengam F. R. (fl. Apr.) Kochummen FRI16379 (A, L, paratype). SARAWAK: Oya, Kalong (fl. Apr.) Haviland 3050 (BM, BO, CAL, K, L, P, SING, paratype); Bukit Mentagai, Bok Tisam, Marudi (fl. Apr.) Asah ak. Bubong S (A, L, SING, paratype). INDONESIA: KALIMANTAN: WEST: Simpang, near Pene Contong village, Fryd 7 in bb (BO, paratype). EAST: N. part of Nunukan Isl., Kostermans 18 f (BO, L, paratype); Berauw, near Long Lanuh village (fl. Apr.) Zwaan 743 in bb (A, BO, BZF, L, paratype); East Kutai, Susuk R. Region (fr. June) Kostermans 5585 (A, BO, L, SING, paratype); Peak of Balikpapan, Be-oul (fl. June) Kostermans 7559 (K, L, NY, paratype). SOUTH: Bambangin village, Subdistr. Belawang, Distr. Barito Kuala (fl. Apr.) Rudjiman 266 (BO, L, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta, WAG, type); about 5 km W. of Sidomulyo transmigration area, Subdistr. Belawang, Distr. Barito Kuala, Rudjiman 267 (BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM, L, WAG, paratype), near Bambangin, Subdistr. Belawang, Distr. Barito Kuala (fl. Apr.) Native collector s.n. (Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM, Yogyakarta, paratype). 15. Kibatalia wigmanii (Koorders) Merrill, Philipp. Journ. Sei. 17: ; Woodson,Philipp. Journ.Sei.60: Fig. 24; Map 24 Basionym: Kickxia wigmanii Koorders,Meded.Lands Plant. 19: Type: Indonesia: North Sulawesi, Koorders ß (L, lectotype;isotypes: BO, K,P). Homotypic synonym: Kickxia valetoniikoorders, loc. cit., p. 67 & 169 (nomen nudum), p. 647 (citing Kickxia wigmanii,as the correct name). Evergreen tree, 7-25 m high;crown small. Trunk straight, 20-45cm in diameter, often slightly fluted at the base, with horizontal branches; outer bark smooth, dark brown, blackish or grey, 5-8 mm thick; inner bark whitish or lightbrown;sapwood straw-coloured orwhite. Branches: branchlets darkgrey, with a laterally compressed apex, elliptic on section. Leaves: petiole 5-10 mm long; colleters 2-13, short, in asingle row,persistent when theleavesare shed; blade coriaceous,narrowly obovate or narrowly elliptic, x as long as wide, x cm, subequal-orrarelyequal-sided,acute,acuminate or lessoften shortly caudate with sharp point at the apex, at thebasecuneate, less often slightly sinuate at the margin; with secondary veins on each side; tertiary venation conspicuous; domatia many, rarely few. Inflorescences pendulous, x aslong as the leaves, cmlong, 1-2-flowered. Peduncle 5-10 mm long, dark grey;pedicels 15-20mmlong,lightgreen. Flowers fleshy, fragrant. Sepals pale green, connate for about 1 mm, ovate, x as long as wide, x 4-5 mm, acute at the apex, sometimes ciliolate at the margin, glabrous on both sides;colleters about in the whole flower in asinglerow at thebaseof the sepals,simple,slender, shallowlylobed, about 1mm long, obtuse at the apex. Corolla yellow or creamy; tube thick, x as long as the calyx, (25)28-33 mm long, glabrous except for the sparsely puberulent apexoutside,insidesparselypubescent, near theapexmoredensely so; lower part mm long; upper part cylindrical (but wider), x as long as thelower part, (20)23-25mm long, atthe mouth about mmwide; lobes narrowly elliptic, (1.2) x as long as the tube, x as long as wide, (30)55-60 x (7)15-20 mm, unequal-sided, with a thich midrib, 86 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

89 FIG. 24. Kibatalia wigmanii. 1, habit (x ); 2, section of flower (x ); 3, part of calyx opened out and pistel ( x ); 4, a single sepal inside ( x ); 5,anther, ventral view ( x f ); 6,fruit ( x ~); 7, seed ( x ); 8,embryo (x ). 1-5 from Leeuwenberg 11864; 6-8 from Koorders 16045B. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 87

90 130 _l MAP24. Kibatalia wigmanii \ 120 &?* s rounded or obtuse at the apex, glabrous outside,inside sparsely puberulent or pubescentnear the base,furthermore glabrous. Stamens includedfor mm, inserted 6-7 mmfrom thecorolla base; antherssessile, 5-6 x mm,apex about 0.5 mm sterile, glabrous on both sides, only sparsely hirto-pubescent inside at the base; tails straight. Pistil mm long; disk cup-shaped, x 3mm, about as long as the ovary, shallowly 5-lowed, glabrous on both sides; carpels x 2.25mm,glabrous on both sides;style mm Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

91 long,glabrous;pistil head mm long. Infructescences:pedicels 3-4 cm long, rigid, with largelenticels; peduncle cm long; bracts deciduous. Mericarps narrowlyellipsoidor narrowlycylindrical, (11) x 1-2 cm, tapering into an acute or obtuse apex, with large lenticels, many-seeded, divergent, light brownor darkbrowninside; wall 3mm thick. Seeds: grains x 3-4 mm, glabrous, minutely granulate, acute at the base; beak glabrous for 5-20 mm, bearing an apicalcomafor 25-70mm;comayellowish orcreamy;hairs mmlong, shorter thanthe grains (andbeak); embryowhitish orcreamy;cotyledons x 3-4mm; rootlet4-5.5 x 1mm. Distribution: Indonesia: NorthSulawesi. Ecology: Forestinthe mountains,onvulcanic soil. Altitude: m. Vernacular names: Kayu Santi (Pinamorongan), Mawarotan (Mt. Klabat), Lila (Lolumbulan),Lenas Lalaina (Papo Pompaso). Specimens examined: INDONESIA: SULAWESI: NORTH: Lolumbulan near Paku ure (fl., fr. Apr.) Koorders ß (BO, K, L, P, type); Karowa or Papo Pompaso near Menado (fr. Apr.) Koorders ß (BO, L, paratype); Kayawatu, Koorders ß (BO, L, UC, paratype); Pinamorongan, Kakas Distr. (fr. Feb.) Koorders ß (BO, L, paratype); Ratahan, Koorders ß (BO, L, paratype); Mt. Klabat, Koorders ß (BO, K, L, paratype); Bonedoa, Kampung Gunung Bone (fr. Feb.) Steur 118 in bb (BO, L); Bolaan Mongondo, between Pinagaluman and Pindol (fl. Oct.) De Vogel 2560 (L); Minahasa (fl. Apr.) Alston (BM). CULT: INDONESIA: Bogor Bot. Gard., Nasution 7 (L); ibid. (fl. Now.) Leeuwenberg (WAG); ibid, (fl., fr. May) Rudjiman 270 (BO, Herb. Fak. Kehutanan UGM Yogyakarta, WAG). Vallariopsis Woodson, Philipp. Journ.Sei. 60: Vallariopsislancifolia (Hookerf.) Woodson, Philipp. Journ.Sei.60: Fig. 25; Map 25 Basionym: Vallaris lancifolia Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: ; Gamble, Journ. As. Beng.74(2): ; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen.2: Type: Malaysia: Malacca, Maingayi 1846, under Kew distribution number 1102 (K,holotype; isotypes: A,K,L; MO, photographof K isotype). Climber or creeper 1-12 m high. Branches terete, darkbrownorgrey,lenticellate, glabrous; branchletsterete,sometimesslightlyangled,darkbrown orgrey, with warty lenticels. Leaves opposite, those of a pair mostly equal, less often unequal, petiolate; petiole 2-10 mm long, channeled above, glabrous or less often sparsely pubescent, those of a pair connate at the base into a very short ocrea, sometimes with 1-2 short colleters in the axils; blade papyraceous, narrowly elliptic or ovate, x as long as wide, x cm, tapering into an acuminate or obtuse apex, at the base attenuate or less often acute, entire, glabrous on both sides;with costa slightly impressed above and prominent beneath; with 8-19 inconspicuous, fine, anastomizing secondary Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 89

92 FIG.25. Vallariopsis lancifolia. 1, flowering branch (x ); 2, leaves (x ); 3, leaf (x 2); 4, flower bud ( x4); 5, flower ( x 4); 6, flowerfrom above ( x4); 7, part of corolla with stamens ( x8); 8, part of corolla without stamens ( x8); 9-10, stamen both sides ( x 12); 11, calyxwith pistil ( x 8); 12,twosepalswithcolleters ( x8).1-12 from Fox Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

93 MAP 25. Vallariopsis lancifolia veins; tertiary venation obscurely reticulate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, opposite, cymose, almost dichasial, x as long as the leaves, 1-2 cm long,3-11-flowered once branched.peduncle short, 1-8 mm long, orobsolete, dark brown, glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent; pedicels 4-9 mm long, dark brown, glabrous, less often sparsely pubescent; bracts sepal-like, erect or recurved, sparsely ciliate at the margin, persistent. Flowers 5-merous, actino- Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 91

94 morphic. Sepals probably pale green, connate for about 0.5 mm, ovate, about 2 x as long as wide, x mm, acute, often ciliate at the apex, entire, glabrous outside, inside glabrous or less often sparsely pubescent, with about 20colletersin a singlerow in thewhole flower at thebase of thesepals. Corolla white; tube x as long as the calyx, mm long, glabrous on both sides,except for the tomentose apex inside,consisting of a lower and anupper part;lower part cylindrical, mmlong; upper part campanulate, x aslong asthelower, about 1.5 mmlong,at the mouth about 2mm wide;lobes oblique, x as long aswide, x mm, obtuse or acute at the apex, entire, glabrous outside, inside glabrous, except for the pubescent base. Stamensexserted for mm, with small ellipsoid ventral swellings at the base, adhering to the style apex; filamentsinserted where the corolla tubewidens, mmfrom thecorolla base; anthers sessile,narrowly triangular,2.5 x 0.3mm, acuminate atthefor about0.2mmsterileapex,sagittate at the base,glabrous on both sides, introrse;cells2,dehiscent throughout by a longitudinal slit. Pistil mm long;disk cup-shaped, 0.5 x 0.75mm, shorter than the ovary,5-lobed,glabrous on bothsides;ovary bicarpellate,superior; carpels connate at the base, ovoid, abruptly narrowing into the style, 1 x 0.75 mm, glabrous; style cylindrical, somewhat widened at the apex, 2-3 mm long,glabrous;pistil head subellipsoid, about 0.75mm long,with a short tip at the apex, adhering to the anthers. In each cell one semiglobose placenta with about 200 ovules. Infructescences unknown. Distribution: Malaysia. Indonesia: Sumatera: Islandsof Siberut and Pagai. Ecology: Openareaorswampforest.Altitude: 0-700m. Specimens examined: MALAYSIA: PENANG: Nursery Government Hill (fl. Aug.) Fox (SING); ibid. (fl. Aug.) Fox 33 (SING); ibid, (bud Oct.) Curtis 2146 (K, SING). PERAK: Goping near Larut (fl. June) King 4273 (K, SING). SELANGOR: Telok For. Res., near Klang (fl. Feb.) Kochumnen (SING). MALACCA: (fl. May) Maingayi 1846, under Kew distribution number 1102 (A, K, L, type; MO, photograph of K isotype). INDONESIA: SUMATRA: WEST: Pagai Isl. (fl. Feb.) Hagerup s.n. (C); Siberut Isl. (fl. Sept.) Booden- Klossl4612(K,SING). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author issincerely grateful to Dr.A.J. M. LEEUWENBERGfor hisprofessionalguidance andhelpful advice which enabledhim finishing his research. Grateful acknowledgement is made to thedirectors and Curators of the following herbaria for putting their material at his disposal: A, AAU, BM, BO, BP, BZF, C, CAL, E, F, FHO, G, GH, HBG, Herbarium Fak. Kehutanan UGM, Yogyakarta,K, KEP,L, LD, LISC, M, MAU, MEL, MICH, MO, NY, 92 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

95 OXF, P, PE, PNH, PRE, S, SAR, SING, SRGH, STCR, U, UC, UPS, US, W, WAG, Z. The author received a 9-months fellowship from the NUFFIC-FONC cooperation project in 1984 to study Apocynaceae genera that included field work in Kalimantan and Java. The Directorate-General International Cooperation of the Dutch Government granted in 1985/1986 another 9-months fellowship, that included visits to Kew, London, Oxford, and Paris; he is very much indebted to Prof. Ir. A. VAN MAAREN, the project leader, and to the Dutch Government for its financial support. The Manuscript has been corrected by Dr. A. J. M. LEEUWENBERG and Prof. Dr. Ir. L. J. G. VAN DER MAESEN. Mrs. Drs. F. VAN DILST has helped him in compiling the index of exsiccatae. The illustrations have been made by Mr. PIET KOSTENSE, Mr. PHILIP DIRKSWAGER, and Miss YUEN FANG TAN. TO them his thanks are also due. Assistence from the administration and technical staff of the Department of Plant Taxonomy of the Agricultural University of Wageningen is greatly appreciated. The author thankfully acknowledge Prof. Ir. GEMBONG TJITROSOEPOMO of the Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta and Dr. Ir. SOEKOTJO, Rector of the Bengkulu University in Sumatra, who kindly accepted to be his promotor and copromotor respectively. With the permission of the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Indonesian Government to relinquish him from his duty in the Faculty of Forestry, Gadjah Mada University, during 18 months, he could conduct the research in Wageningen. Finally his thanks go to hiswife and children for their patience awaiting his return when he stayed far from home in Wageningen preparing this publication. Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 93

96 INDEX OF EXSICATAE Thelettersin parentheses are the firstletters of the speciesepithet. Only numberedcollectionswith anamedcollectorhavebeenlisted.if a collectorgathered (a part of) hiscollection together with others,only hisnameiscited inthislist: e.g. Kasin, M. & A.R. iscited askasin, M.Theindexisdivided in three parts: parti: Beaumontia; part II: Kibatalia; part III: Vallariopsis lancifolia. PART I BEAUMONTIA AkéAssi.L (mur) Backer, CA , 34011, and (gra) Bakhuizen van den Brink jr and 5913 (mul) Balsinhas,A (gra) Banerjee, 1568 (gra) Bell, T. R. D (gra) Beguni, 799 (mul) Biswas, K and 3258 (gra) Bon, H. 2056,2871 and 3828 (cam) Brenez, A. M. et al. 138 (gra) Brown, S. et al (gra) Calderon, S. 585 (gra) Callens, H (gra) Calvo,M.Z.615(gra) Chun, W. Y (bre),6169 (gra),6742 (bre) Chun, W. Y (bre),6169 (gra),6742 (bre) Chung, H. H and 2695 (gra) Collins, D.J. 356, 535, 1030, 1365, 1718 and 1985 (mur) Cooke, 494 (gra) Croat, T. B. 252 (gra) Dama, N.V (gra) Debberman, P. M (jer) Degener, (mul) Desvaux, A. N. 398 (gra) Dickason, F. G (gra) Duss, 54 (gra) Emwiogbon, J. A (gra) Fleury, F (mur) Forrest, G. 9922,13746 and (gra) Fosberg, F. R (mul), (mur) Gamble, J.S. 3224A and 3225A (gra) Gilges, W. 650 (gra) Gollau, 1294 (gra) Grierson, et al. 2993,3546,3890 and 4309 (gra) Griffith, A (gra),5061 (jer) Griffith, W (gra) Gueho,J (gra) Hallier, H. C49 (mul) Henry, A (gra) Henry, B.C. 16 (bre) Herman, 6bis (mur) Hiep, 605 (mur) Hu, Shiu Ying 6582, 9675 and (gra), (mul) Hüllet, R.W. 544(mul) Irvine, 2576 (mur) Jack, J. G and 4095 (gra) Kasin, M. et al (mur) Katsumada, Z (bre) Kerr, A.F.G and (mur), (mac) Khan, Y. et al. 319 (gra) Khant, Maung Po (jer) Kingdon-Ward, F and (gra), (kha) Kloss, C. B (mac) Koelz, W. N ,24798A and (gra) Koorders, S. H B (mul) Krechten et al. 89 (mul) Kuhlmann, M and 4322 (gra) Lace, J. H (gra) Lasser, T (gra) Lau, S.K and 5820 (bre), 14921, and (bre) Leeuwenberg, A. J. M (gra), (mul), 13160, and (jer), (mur), (jer) Liang, Y.H (bre) Lörzing, J. A (mul) Ludlow, F. et al and (gra) McFarlin,J.B.5229(gra) McGregor, R. W (kha) 94 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)

97 Macuacua, L. 944 (gra) Marcan, A and 1803A (mul) Maxwell, J. F (mul) Meebold, A. E (gra), 6615 (Ion), and (mul) Meyer, F. G (gra) Muller, T. 618 and 914 (gra) Murton, 113 (gra) Orcutt, C. R (gra) Pierre, 484 and 4477 (mur) Parkinson, C. E (mac) Parry, N. E and 1328 (gra) Pételot, A (gra) Pierre,4484 and 4477 (mur) Poilane, 1286,13295 and (mur) Popta, S.N (gra) Put, 1426 and 2309 (mur), 3584 (gra) Questel,A.2314(gra) Raizada, N. B.65 (gra) Rastler, H. 396 (gra) Rice, G.G (gra) Rich, 982 (gra) Rinzl 625 (gra) Rivalland, G. 422 (gra) Rudjiman, 200,201,202,203 and 272 (mul) Saldanha, C.J (jer) Salubeni, A. J. 816 (gra) Schaijes, M (gra) Sinclair, J (mul) Stainton et al. 86,106 and 2529 (gra) Standley, P.C , 55187, and (gra) Stekle, M. et al (gra) Steyermark, J. A (gra) Sulit, M. D (mur) Teijsmann, 77 and (mul) Toppin, S (gra) Toro, R. A. 1 (gra) Tsai.H.T (kha) Tsang, T. et al. 190 (bre) Umafia, E.48 (gra) Van Krechten, et al. 89 (mul) Van Steenis, 1650,1656 and 3438 (mul) Vergara, B. S. 15 (mur) Vesterdal, A. 241 (mur) Vidal, F. E (mur) Wallich, N. 226 and 1629 (gra) Wanasah, P. A. 60 (mur) Wang, C.W (mur) Watdamnahsamp, B.31 (gra) White, F (gra) Williams, 460 (gra) Winit,P (gra) Zollinger, 3281 (mul) PART II KIBATALIA Achmad, 719,771,1182 and 1651 (mai) Adau, Abar bin 74 (mai) Adduru, M. FB (bla) Alston, A. H. G (wig) Anderson, J. A. R (bor), 9300 and S27076 (bor) Asah, (mai) Backer, CA (arb) Balansa, B (anc) Baying anak Nyudong S13953 (mai) Bartlett,H.H.7124(mai) Bisset, N. G. 776 (arb) Boesri31 (mai) Bon, H. 3398,5057 and 5404 (anc) Borja, A (git) Bubong, Asah Aka S (vil) Bujang,H.J.S20865(vil) Burghardt,C.P. 96 (arb) Buwalda, P. 62,479 and 6493 (mai) Canicosa, E. PNH (git) Chevalier, A (anc), (lau), and (anc) Clemens, J. et al (lau) Cuadra,A.A1332(arb) Cubitti, G. E.S. C 7964 (mai) Curran, H. M. FB (git) Curtis, C and 2748 (mai) Dachlan, M. 2 (mai) Dee 1029 (anc) Dorst, L. J. W. IT.2P.191 (mai) Duldulao, E. FB (git) Dumas 1553 (mai) Eberhardt 3801,4122,4245,4349 and 4904 (anc) Edafio, G. BS (git), FB (ste) Elmer, A. D. E (mai), (git),12373 (mac), (elm), 15275, and15910 (git), (elm),16901 (git) Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986) 95

98 Feng,K.M (anc) Fleury, F.32197and37531 (anc) Foxworthy, F.W. 4943andC (mai) Frake,C (mai) Fryd,A.A.7(vil) Gadoh anakumbai2132 (mai),2159 (arb) Gaja 15 (mai) GalauS15637(mai) Gammill, J. A. FB 862 (bla) Genove,M.FB30451 (mai) Gerdeng11 (arb) Grasshof,W. 990 (mai) Guard, J (mai) Hallier, H. N.C. 66 (arb),360 (mai) Hamid,A (mai) Hamid,R (arb) Hanif,M.etal.4238 (lau) Hartono,etal. 1 (arb) Harmandin Herb. Pierre1869 (anc) Hashim,M (arb) Hassan, SF36262 (mai) Haviland,3050 (vil) Holmann,R.M. 8 (git) Houter, 124 (arb) Ja'amat, F.G (mai) and44938 (arb) Jong,B.del81/W.B.(mai) Kartapraya,440 (arb) Kassim, A. 283 (mai) Kerr, Herb. A. F. G.5108 (anc), (lau), (arb), (mai), (anc) Kiah,SF (mai) Kochummen, H. M. 96 (arb), (mai), FRI (vil), 80947,93486 and (arb) Koorders,S. H. 77 (arb), 202b, 203b, 204b, 205b, 10272b, 13407b, 13443b, 13453b and 13454b (arb), 16045b, 16046b, 16047b, 16048b, 16049b and 16067b (wig), 23519b, 23450b, 23983b, 28859b, 30935b and 37017b (arb) Kostermans, A.J.G.18f (vil), 118, 211,784, 1074and 1096 (mai), 5587 (vil), 6689 and 7167 (mai), 7559 (vil), 10051, and10689 (mai) Lagrimas, M. 620 and PNH (git) Lakshnakara, M. C. 787 (mai), 840 (arb) Leano, P. A. CLP-PAL-31 (git) Leeuwenberg, A. J. M (lau), (wig), (mai),12166 (lau), (wig) Loher, A (bla) Mabbayag, F.FB28110 (bla) Mabesa, C (bla) Maingayi,A. C. 1069,1084,2628and2948 (mai) Manuel, F.FB24755 (git) Maxwell,J. F (anc) McGregor,R.C. BS43767 (pub) Meebold, A and (anc) Mendoza,D.R (bla) Merrit,M.L (bla) Mesa,A.de FB27634 (Ion) Meijer,W. SAN25131 (arb) MikiLG (arb) Nasution,R.E. 7 (wig) Ng1554 (mai) Nicholson, D. I.SAN17287 (arb) Noerkas436 (arb) Nur35849 (mai) Othman, LS37185 (mai) Palme, V. FB27241 (git) Paraiso,E (bla) Parker, R.N.2440 (anc) Parkinson,C. E (anc) Pasguier,du3052 (anc) Pételot,A. 698,1866,1934,4921 and6001 (anc) Podzorski,A. C. SMHI-2170 (arb) Poilane, M. 47 (lau), 1752 (anc), 3066, 5423, 6620 and (lau), 13629, 16449, 18876, 19962, and (anc), (lau), and27147 (anc) Rahmatdi Boeea9509 (mai) Ramos, M.BS 19537,BS23434and33515 (git), BS34691 (ste),bs39812 (bla) Reppie, H. N. 113 and 155 (arb) Richards, P.W. R1307 (arb) Ridley, H.N.4917 (mai) Rivera, F.BS75041 (ste) Robinson, H. C (lau) Roso, 134 (git) Rudjiman 204,205and 206 (arb),242,263and 265 (mai), 266 and 267 (vil), 268 (arb), 270 (wig),271 (arb) SahakbinSaid45825 (arb) Samsuri, A. SA649 (lau), (bor) Saw, F. G.32298, 33733and71988 (arb) Smitinand,T and (anc) Steup.F. 118 (wig) Sulit, M. D. PNH 2588 (pub),pnh 2702 (git), PNH2766 (pub),2855 (mer), PNH6876 (bla), PNH8514,PNH21653 andpnh81943 (git) Symington,C. F.10779and (anc) 96 Agric. Univ. Wageningen Papers 86-5 (1986)