Abstract

Introduction

Dothideomycetes is one of the largest and most significant classes within Ascomycota (Kirk et al. 2008; Schoch et al. 2009; Hyde et al. 2013). Thousands of species that are important either as plant pathogens in agriculture and forestry (Cortinas et al. 2006; Crous et al. 2007; Wikee et al. 2011, 2013a, b; Manamgoda et al. 2012), or medical (Siu and Lzumi 2004; da Cunha et al. 2012, 2013) or biotechnological industries (Verkley et al. 2004; Damm et al. 2008; de Wit et al. 2012; Ohm et al. 2012; Stergiopoulos et al. 2012; Hyde et al. 2014) are included in the Dothideomycetes. A large number of Dothideomycetes show pleomorphism, that is, they occur as sexual and asexual states through their life history, but may be separated in time and space (Kendrick 1979). As a result dual names have been applied to the same genus and this has resulted in a great deal of confusion among scientists interested in Dothideomycetes (Cannon and Kirk 2000; Wingfield et al. 2012). Furthermore, the dual names have a direct influence on many allied disciplines, such as plant quarantine and trade in food and fibre, human health, industrial mycology, and plant breeding. Saccardo (1904) promulgated the dual system of fungal nomenclature (i.e. asexual and sexual morphs with different names) as a solution to the confused situation of asexual and sexual morphs faced by taxonomists at the time. This was accepted by the International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Vienna, Austria (Briquet et al. 1906), and captured in what became Article 59 in more recent editions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) (Taylor 2011).

The concept of the ‘holomorph’ (i.e. the whole life cycle with sexual and asexual morphs) was first demonstrated by the Tulasne brothers and Berkeley (1857). Kendrick (1979) and Sivanesan (1984) are classic mycologists who attempted to integrate asexual and sexual morphs. Sutton (1980) also summarized established links between coelomycetous asexual states and their sexual states, while Seifert et al. (2011) did the same for hyphomycetous genera. Most of these established links were based on co-occurrence of both morphs on the same substrate (Walker and Sutton 1974) or culture-based methods, particularly the development of asexual morphs from single ascospore isolates (Leonard and Suggs 1974; Hyde et al. 1996). However, utilization of PCR and DNA sequencing in the fungi since the late-1990s (Nilsson et al. 2014), have established and confirmed many sexual and asexual links (e.g. Alternaria-Lewia, Bipolaris-Cochliobolus, Botryosphaeria-Fusicoccum, Cladosporium-Davidiella, Mycosphaerella-Ramularia, Teratosphaeria-Kirramyces fide Crous et al. 2009; Bensch et al. 2012; Manamgoda et al. 2012; Phillips et al. 2013; Hyde et al. 2014), while many other links have been rejected (e.g. Cercospora-Mycosphaerella, Paraconiothyrium-Paraphaeosphaeria, Plenodomus-Leptosphaeria, Pseudocercospora-Mycosphaerella, Stagonospora-Phaeosphaeria fide Crous et al. 2012; de Gruyter et al. 2013; Groenewald et al. 2013; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, 2014; Verkley et al. 2014).

There has been considerable research interest in the molecular phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes in the last four years with studies based on single and multi-gene rDNA sequence data (Hyde et al. 2013). These phylogenetic advances have helped taxonomists to link species or generic names, enabling us to now propose or select one name for a single species, or genus. Decisions taken at the XVIII^th International Botanical Congress, in Melbourne, Australia in 2011 (Hawksworth 2012) ruled that separate nomenclatural status for naming of asexual and sexual names morphs of the same species was no longer permitted; this became effective from 30 July 2011 (Hawksworth 2012; Wingfield et al. 2012). Based on this ruling, mycologists now have the task to clear up the historical confusion that has resulted from the practice of dual nomenclature, and in this paper we deal with the largest group of ascomycetes, Dothideomycetes. We therefore propose a single name for pleomorphic dothideomycete genera to be added to the list of “accepted/protected names”, while other names (sexual/asexual) will be included in a list of “suppressed names” (Table 1). At the same time, we incorporate all asexual genera into natural classification system where molecular data are available. Currently Dothideomycetes comprises of 23 orders, 110 families and 1261 genera. However, 23 orders and 76 families are supported by molecular data, while 36 families lack molecular data.

The draft of this manuscript with 71 initial authors from all disciplines interested in Dothideomycetes was first prepared and placed online on the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) webpage (http://www.fungaltaxonomy.org/) on 20 February 2014. Comments were then invited from interested parties who were also invited to co-author the paper. A draft version was discussed at the “Genomes and Genera” symposium in Amsterdam on the 24–25 April 2014 and some of the more contentious cases in the Nomenclature Sessions during the 10^th International Mycological Congress (IMC10) in Bangkok, Thailand, on 3–8 August 2014.

Materials and methods

The proposed names are based on Kirk et al. (2008, 2013), Lumbsch and Huhndorf (2010) and Hyde et al. (2013). The links between asexual and sexual morphs take into account the important publications of Kendrick (1979), Sivanesan (1984), Sutton (1980), Seifert et al. (2011), Hyde et al. (2011), Wijayawardene et al. (2012) and other recent research based on culture and molecular phylogeny (e.g. Crous et al. 2009, 2013; de Gruyter et al. 2013; Boonmee et al. 2012, 2014b; Chomnunti et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2011; Manamgoda et al. 2012; Phillips et al. 2013; Wijayawardene et al. 2014a, b, c).

Proposed names are selected depending on the following criteria:

1. The evidence for established links

   1. Culture-based (e.g. single-spore) methods

   2. Molecular methods

2. Number of epithets in Index Fungorum and MycoBank

3. The oldest generic name

4. Other significant aspects, such as pathogenic importance and industrial applications

5. Usage of the name in literature and databases

The oldest name is accepted where it conforms best with current practice, while usage of a widely used name is proposed when this is more significant. Proposed names (protected names) are listed in the first column (Table 1) of the table and second column comprises suppressed names. The suppressed name could be a sexual, asexual or a synasexual morph. Asterisk marks (*) are added for genera which we provide notes on recent changes and naming. Genera marked with (^#) refer to changes made via articles in the same journal volume and annotated under the family or order (i.e. Ariyawansa et al. 2014c; Boonmee et al. 2014b; Hongsanan et al. 2014c; Thambugala et al. 2014c; Phookamsak et al. 2014). In the present outline, we have added (C) = coelomycetous and (H) = hyphomycetous asexual genera against entries where known.

In giving preference here to the earliest validly published generic name regardless of the morph represented by the type specimen of the type species of the genus, we are aware that Art. 57.2 of the current Code (McNeill et al. 2012) requires that in cases where a well-established asexually typified name is preferred, there should first be a formal proposal made to the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF). We regard this is an unnecessarily time-consuming process, and proposals to delete this provision were strongly supported in the Nomenclature Sessions at IMC10 and will be made to the next International Botanical Congress in 2017. Inclusion in Lists of Accepted Names which are approved in due course by the NCF is a preferable way to handle such cases, and for Dothideomycetes, this article will be the basis of the eventual list for this class.

Phylogenetic analyses

Sequences (Table 1) were obtained from GenBank following Hyde et al. (2013) and other recent publications (eg. Crous et al. 2013; Phillips et al. 2013; Quaedvlieg et al. 2013, 2014; Slippers et al. 2013; Wijayawardene et al. 2013, 2014a, b, c; Pérez-Ortega et al. 2014). DNA sequences for each gene region (small subunits ribosomal RNA (SSU), large subunits ribosomal RNA (LSU), the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) were initially aligned using Bioedit (Hall 2004) and ClustalW v. 1.6 (Thompson et al. 1997). Alignments were manually checked and optimized wherever necessary. The dataset was refined visually in BioEdit v. 7.0.1 (Hall 2004). All absent genes were coded as missing data.

The phylogenetic analyses of the combined LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2 data were performed using maximum likelihood, Bayesian and maximum parsimony algorithms.

Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was performed at the RAxML 7.2.8 as part of the “RAxML-HPC2 on TG” tool (Stamatakis 2006) implemented in raxmlGUI v.0.9b2 (Silvestro and Michalak 2010). A general time reversible model (GTR) was applied with a discrete gamma distribution and four rate classes. Hundred thorough maximum likelihood (ML) tree searches were done in RAxML v. 7.2.7 under the same model. Maximum likelihood bootstrap values (MLBP) equal or greater than 50 % are given above each node (Fig. 1).

Open in a separate window

Open in a separate window

Open in a separate window

Open in a separate window

Open in a separate window

Fig. 1

The best scoring RAxML Dothideomycetes tree from 415 taxa based on a combined dataset of LSU, SSU, TEF1 and RPB2 sequences with all lineages collapsed to family level where possible. The tree is the same as Fig. 1. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML, red) and maximum parsimony (MP, black) greater than 50% are given above the nodes; Bayesian posterior probabilities (BYPP, green) above 0.90 are given below the nodes. The original strain numbers are given after the species names. Type and ex-type strains are emphasized in bold. The tree was rooted with Schismatomma dirinellum (S-F206034) and S. decolorans (DUKE 47570)

Maximum-parsimony analyses were performed by PAUP v. 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002) using the heuristic search option with 1,000 random taxa addition and tree bisection and reconnection (TBR) as the branch swapping algorithm. All characters were unordered and of equal weight and gaps were treated as missing data. The Tree Length (TL), Consistency Indices (CI), Retention Indices (RI), Rescaled Consistency Indices (RC) and Homoplasy Index (HI) were calculated for each tree generated. Maxtrees were unlimited, branches of zero length were collapsed and all multiple, equally parsimonious trees were saved. Clade stability was assessed using a bootstrap (BT) analysis with 1,000 replicates, each with 10 replicates of random stepwise addition of taxa (Hillis and Bull 1993). Maximum parsimony bootstrap values (MPBP) equal or greater than 50% are given above each node (Fig. 1).

The model of evolution was estimated by using MrModeltest 2.2 (Nylander 2004). Independent Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed in MrBayes v. 3.1.2 (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 2001) using a uniform [GTR+I+G] model, lsetnst=6 rates=invgamma; prsetstatefreqpr =dirichlet (1,1,1,1). Posterior probabilities (PP) (Rannala and Yang 1996; Zhaxybayeva and Gogarten 2002) were determined by Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (BMCMC) in MrBayes v. 3.0b4 (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist 2001). Six simultaneous Markov chains were run for 10,000,000 generations and trees were sampled every 100th generation (resulting in 10,000 total trees).

Phylogenetic trees were visualized with Treeview v. 1.6.6 (Page 1996) and MEGA 5 (Tamura et al. 2011).

Results

Outline of the Dothideomycetes

Class Dothideomycetes sensu O.E. Erikss. & Winka

Subclass Dothideomycetidae P.M. Kirk et al. ex C.L. Schoch et al.

Asterinales M.E. Barr ex D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.*

Asterinaceae Hansf. (=Lembosiaceae Hosag.)*

• Asterina Lév.*

• Asterinella Theiss.^#

• Asterotexis Arx^#

• Batistinula Arx^#

• Cirsosia G. Arnaud^#

• Echidnodella Theiss. & Syd.^#

• Halbania Racib.^#

• Lembosia Lév.*

• Meliolaster Höhn.^#

• Parasterinopsis Bat.^#

• Platypeltella Petr.*

• Prillieuxina G. Arnaud* (see in Table 1)

• Schenckiella Henn.*

• Trichasterina G. Arnaud^#

• Trichopeltospora Bat. & Cif.*

• Uleothyrium Petr.^#

• Vizellopsis Bat. et al.*

• ^#for notes see under Asterinaceae

Capnodiales Woron.

Antennulariellaceae Woron.

• Achaetobotrys Bat. & Cif.*

• Antennulariella Woron.* (see Table 1)

• Capnofrasera S. Hughes

Capnodiaceae (Sacc.) Höhn. ex Theiss.

• Capnodium Mont.* (see in Table 1)

• Leptoxyphium Speg.

• Phragmocapnias Theiss. & Syd.* (see in Table 1)

• ?Plurispermiopsis Pereira-Carv. et al.*

• Scoriadopsis J.M. Mend.

• Scorias Fr.

Cladosporiaceae Nann.

• Acroconidiella J.C. Lindq. & Alippi (H)

• Cladosporium Link (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Graphiopsis Trail (H)

• Hoornsmania Crous (H)

• Rachicladosporium Crous et al. (H)

• Toxicocladosporium Crous & U. Braun (H)

• Verrucocladosporium K. Schub. et al. (H)

Dissoconiaceae Crous & de Hoog*

• Dissoconium de Hoog et al. (H)

• Pseudoveronaea Crous & Batzer*

• Ramichloridium Stahel (H)*

• Uwebraunia Crous & M.J. Wingf. (H)*

Metacapnodiaceae S. Hughes & Corlett

• Capnobotrys S. Hughes (H)

• Capnophialophora S. Hughes (H)

• Hyphosoma Syd.

• Metacapnodium Speg.*

Extremaceae Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Extremus Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Petrophila de Hoog & Quaedvlieg (H)*

• Pseudoramichloridium Cheewangkoon & Crous (H)*

• Staninwardia B. Sutton (C)*

• Vermiconia Egidi & Onofri (H)*

Mycosphaerellaceae Lindau

• Acervuloseptoria Crous & Jol. Roux (C)*

• Achorodothis Syd.

• Amycosphaerella Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Annellosympodiella Crous & Assefa*

• Asperisporium Maubl. (H)

• Brunneosphaerella Crous

• Bryopelta Döbbeler & Poelt*

• Caryophylloseptoria Verkley et al. (C)*

• Cercospora Fresen. (H)*

• Cercosporella Sacc. (H)

• Colletogloeum Petr. (C)*

• Distocercospora N. Pons & B. Sutton (H)

• Dothistroma Hulbary (C)

• Euryachora Fuckel

• Gillotia Sacc. & Trotter

• Lecanosticta Syd. (C)* (see in Table 1)

• Lembosiopsis Theiss.*

• Lophiosphaerella Hara*

• Melanodothis R.H. Arnold

• Microcyclosporella J. Frank et al. (H)

• Mycoporis Clem.*

• Neoceratosperma Crous & Cheew. (H)*

• Neomycosphaerella Crous*

• Neopenidiella Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Neopseudocercospora Crous (H)*

• Neoseptoria Quaedvlieg et al. (C)*

• Pallidocercospora Crous (H)

• Paracercospora Deighton (H)*

• Paramycosphaerella Crous & Jol. Roux*

• Passalora Fr. (H)

• Periconiella Sacc. (H)

• Phaeocercospora Crous (H)

• Phaeophleospora Rangel (C)*

• Phloeospora Wallr. (C)*

• Placocrea Syd.

• Polyphialoseptoria Quaedvlieg et al. (C)*

• Polysporella Woron.

• Polythrincium Kunze (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Pseudocercospora Speg. (H)*

• Pseudocercosporella Deighton (H)

• Pseudostigmidium Etayo

• Ramularia Unger (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Ramulispora Miura (H)

• Ruptoseptoria Quaedvlieg et al. (C)*

• Scolecostigmina U. Braun

• Septoria Sacc. (C)*

• Sonderhenia H.J. Swart & J. Walker (C)

• Sphaerellothecium Zopf

• Sphaerulina Sacc.*

• Stigmidium Trevis.

• Stromatoseptoria Quaedvlieg et al. (C)*

• Trochophora R.T. Moore (H)

• ?Wernerella Nav.-Ros. et al.

• Xenomycosphaerella Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Zasmidium Fr. (H)*

• Zymoseptoria Quaedvlieg & Crous (C)*

Neodevriesiaceae Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Neodevriesia Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

Piedraiaceae Viégas ex Cif. et al.

• Piedraia Fonseca & Leão

Teratosphaeriaceae Crous & U. Braun

• Acidomyces B.J. Baker et al. (H)

• Apenidiella Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Aulographina Arx & E. Müll.*

• Austroafricana Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Batcheloromyces Marasas et al. (H)

• Baudoinia J.A. Scott & Unter. (H)

• Capnobotryella Sugiy. (H)

• Catenulostroma Crous & U. Braun (H)

• Constantinomyces Egidi & Onofri (H)*

• Devriesia Seifert & N.L. Nick. (H)

• Elasticomyces Zucconi & Selbmann (H)

• Eupenidiella Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Euteratosphaeria Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Friedmanniomyces Onofri (H)

• Hispidoconidioma Tsuneda & Davey (H)

• Hortaea Nishim. & Miyaji (H)

• Incertomyces Egidi & Zucconi (H)*

• Lapidomyces de Hoog & Stielow (H)*

• Meristemomyces Isola & Onofri (H)*

• Microcyclospora J. Frank et al. (H)

• Monticola Selbmann & Egidi (H)*

• Mycophycias Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm

• Myrtapenidiella Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Neocatenulostroma Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Neophaeothecoidea Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Neotrimmatostroma Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Oleoguttula Selbmann & de Hoog (H)*

• Pachysacca Syd.*

• Parapenidiella Crous & Summerell (H)

• Parateratosphaeria Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Penidiella Crous & U. Braun (H)

• Phacellium Bonord. (H)

• Phaeothecoidea Crous (H)

• Pseudotaeniolina J.L. Crane & Schokn. (H)

• Pseudoteratosphaeria Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Queenslandipenidiella Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Ramopenidiella Crous & R.G. Shivas (H)*

• Readeriella Syd. & P. Syd. (C)*

• Recurvomyces Selbmann & de Hoog (H)

• Stenella Syd. (H)

• Suberoteratosphaeria Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Teratosphaeria Syd. & P. Syd.* (see in Table 1)

• Teratosphaericola Quaedvlieg & Crous*

  Teratosphaeriopsis Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Xenoconiothyrium Crous & Marinc. (C)

• Xenopenidiella Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Xenoteratosphaeria Quaedvlieg & Crous*

Capnodiales, genera incertae sedis

• Arthrocatena Egidi & Selbmann*

• Catenulomyces Egidi & de Hoog (H)*

• Cystocoleus Thwaites*

• ?Eriosporella Höhn. (C)*

• Hyphoconis Egidi & Quaedvlieg (H)*

• Mucomycosphaerella Quaedvlieg & Crous*

• Neohortaea Quaedvlieg & Crous (H)*

• Perusta Egidi & Stielow*

• Ramimonilia Stielow & Quaedvlieg (H)*

Dothideales Lindau*

Aureobasidiaceae K.M. Thambugala & K.D. Hyde*

• Aureobasidium Viala & G. Boyer (H)#

• Columnosphaeria Munk^#

• Kabatiella Bubák (H)^#

• Pseudoseptoria Speg.^#

• Pseudosydowia K.M. Thambugala & K.D. Hyde*

• Saccothecium Fr.^#

• Selenophoma Maire (C)*

• # for notes see under Aureobasidiaceae

Dothideaceae Chevall.*

• Coleophoma Höhn. (C)^#

• Cylindroseptoria Quaedvlieg et al. (C)^#

• Delphinella (Sacc.) Kuntze^#

• Dictyodothis Theiss. & Syd.^#

• Dothidea Fr.^#

• Dothiora Fr.^#

• Endoconidioma Tsuneda et al.^#

• Endodothiora Petr.^#

• Hormonema Lagerb. & Melin (H)*

• Kabatina R. Schneid. & Arx (H)^#

• Neocylindroseptoria K.M. Thambugala & K.D. Hyde*

• Phaeocryptopus Naumov^#

• Plowrightia Sacc.^#

• ?Pringsheimia Schulzer*

• Stylodothis Arx & E. Müll.^#

• ?Sydowia Bres.*

• ^# for notes see under Dothideaceae

Dothideales, genera incertae sedis

• Celosporium Tsuneda & M.L. Davey*

Lichenoconiales Diederich et al.

Lichenoconiaceae Diederich & Lawrey

• Lichenoconium Petr. & Syd. (C)

Lichenotheliales K. Knudsen et al.

Lichenotheliaceae Henssen

• Karschia Körb.*

• Lichenostigma Hafellner

• Lichenothelia D. Hawksw.

Myriangiales Starbäck

Elsinoaceae Höhn. ex Sacc. & Trotter*

• Elsinoë Racib.* (see in Table 1)

• Molleriella G. Winter*

Myriangiaceae Nyl.*

• Anhellia Racib.*

• Ascostratum Syd. & P. Syd.*

• Butleria Sacc.*

• Dictyocyclus Sivan. et al.*

• Diplotheca C.C. Gordon & C.G. Shaw*

• Eurytheca De Seynes*

• Hemimyriangium J. Reid & Piroz*

• Micularia Boedijn*

• Myriangium Mont. & Berk.*

• Zukaliopsis Henn.*

Subclass Pleosporomycetidae C.L. Schoch et al.

Pleosporales Luttrell ex M.E. Barr

Aigialaceae Suetrong et al.

• Aigialus S. Schatz & Kohlm.

• Ascocratera Kohlm.

• Fissuroma J.K. Liu et al.

• Neoastrosphaeriella J.K. Liu et al.

• Rimora Kohlm. et al.

Amniculicolaceae Yin. Zhang et al.

• ?Amniculicola Y. Zhang & K.D. Hyde*

• ?Anguillospora Ingold (H)*

• Murispora Y. Zhang bis et al.

• Neomassariosphaeria Y. Zhang bis et al.

Anteagloniaceae K.D. Hyde et al.

• Anteaglonium Mugambi & Huhndorf

Bambusicolaceae D.Q. Dai & K.D. Hyde

• Bambusicola D.Q. Dai & K.D. Hyde

Biatriosporaceae K.D. Hyde

• Biatriospora K.D. Hyde & Borse

Coniothyriaceae W.B. Cooke

• Coniothyrium Corda (C)*

Camarosporaceae Wijayawardene & K.D. Hyde*

• Camarosporium Schulzer (C)*

Corynesporascaceae Sivan.

• Corynespora Güssow (H)*

• Corynesporasca Sivan.

Cucurbitariaceae G. Winter

• Cucurbidothis Petr.*

• Cucurbitaria Gray*

• Curreya Sacc.

• Pyrenochaeta De Not. (C)*

• Pyrenochaetopsis Gruyter et al. (C)

• Rhytidiella Zalasky

• Syncarpella Theiss. & Syd.*

Delitschiaceae M.E. Barr

• Delitschia Auersw.

• Ohleriella Earle

• Semidelitschia Cain & LuckAllen

Diademaceae Shoemaker & C.E. Babc.

• Comoclathris Clem.

• Diadema Shoemaker & C.E. Babc.

• Diademosa Shoemaker & C.E. Babc.

Didymellaceae Gruyter et al.

• Ascochyta Lib. (C)*

• Boeremia Aveskamp et al. (C)

• Chaetasbolisia Speg. (C)

• Dactuliochaeta G.L. Hartm. & J.B. Sinclair (C)

• Didymella Sacc.*

• Epicoccum Link (H)

• Leptosphaerulina McAlpine*

• Macroventuria Aa

• Microsphaeropsis Höhn. (C)

• Mixtura O.E. Erikss. & J.Z. Yue*

• Monascostroma Höhn.

• Phoma Sacc. (C)*

• Piggotia Berk. & Broome (C)

• Pithomyces Berk. & Broome (H)*

Didymosphaeriaceae Munk (=Montagnulaceae)*

• Alloconiothyrium Verkley & Stielow (C)^#

• Barria Z.Q. Yuan*

• Bimuria D. Hawksw. et al.^#

• Deniquelata Ariyawansa & K.D. Hyde^#

• Didymocrea Kowalski^#

• Didymosphaeria Fuckel^#

• Julella Fabre*

• Kalmusia Niessl^#

• Karstenula Speg.^#

• Letendraea Sacc.*

• Montagnula Berl.^#

• Neokalmusia Kaz. Tanaka et al.*

• Paracamarosporium Wijayawardene & K.D. Hyde (C)*

• Paraconiothyrium Verkley (C)*

• Paraphaeosphaeria O.E. Erikss.*

• Phaeodothis Syd. & P. Syd.^#

• Pseudocamarosporium Wijayawardene & K.D. Hyde (C)*

• Pseudotrichia Kirschst.*

• Tremateia Kohlm. et al.^#

• ^# for notes see under Didymosphaeriaceae

Dothidotthiaceae Crous & A.J.L. Phillips

• Dothidotthia Höhn.

• Muellerites L. Holm*

• Thyrostroma Höhn. (H)*

Halojulellaceae Suetrong et al.

• Halojulella Suetrong et al.

Halotthiaceae Ying Zhang et al.

• Halotthia Kohlm.

• Mauritiana Poonyth et al.

• Phaeoseptum Ying Zhang et al.

• Pontoporeia Kohlm.

Hypsostromataceae Huhndorf

• Hypsostroma Huhndorf

Lentitheciaceae Y. Zhang ter et al.

• Katumotoa Kaz. Tanaka & Y. Harada

• Lentithecium K.D. Hyde et al.

• Setoseptoria Quaedvlieg et al. (C)

• Tingoldiago K. Hiray. & Kaz. Tanaka

Leptosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr

• Acicuseptoria W. Quaedvlieg et al. (C)*

• Alternariaster E.G. Simmons*

• Chaetoplea (Sacc.) Clem.*

• Heterospora (Boerema et al.) Gruyter et al.*

• Leptosphaeria Ces. & De Not.*

• Neophaeosphaeria M.P.S. Câmara

• Paraleptosphaeria Gruyter et al.

• Plenodomus Preuss (C)*

• Subplenodomus Gruyter et al. (C)*

Lindgomycetaceae K. Hiray. et al.

• Clohesyomyces K.D. Hyde

• Hongkongmyces Tsang et al.*

• Lindgomyces K. Hiray. et al.

• Lolia Abdel-Aziz & Abdel-Whab (C)

Lophiostomataceae Sacc.

• Dimorphiopsis Crous (C)*

• Lophiostoma Ces. & De Not.

• Macrodiplodiopsis Petr.* (see in Table 1)

• Tumularia Descals & Marvanová (H)

Lophiotremataceae K. Hiray. & Kaz.

• Lophiotrema Sacc.

Massariaceae Nitschke

• Massaria De Not.

Massarinaceae Munk

• Massarina Sacc.

• Stagonospora (Sacc.) Sacc. (C)*

Melanommataceae G. Winter

• Aposphaeria Sacc. (C)*

• Asymmetricospora J. Fröhl. & K.D. Hyde

• Bertiella (Sacc.) Sacc. & P. Syd.

• Beverwykella Tubaki (H)

• Bicrouania Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.

• Byssosphaeria Cooke

• Calyptronectria Speg.

• Caryosporella Kohlm.

• Exosporiella P. Karst. (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Herpotrichia Fuckel

• Mamillisphaeria K.D. Hyde et al.

• Melanomma Nitschke ex Fuckel

• Mycopappus Redhead & G.P. White (H)*

• Navicella Fabre*

• Nigrolentilocus R.F. Castañeda & Heredia

• Ohleria Fuckel

• Sporidesmiella P.M. Kirk (H)

• Xenostigmina Crous (H)*

Morosphaeriaceae Suetrong et al.

• Helicascus Kohlm.

• Morosphaeria Suetrong et al.

Phaeosphaeriaceae M.E. Barr*

• Amarenographium O.E. Erikss. (C)^#

• Amarenomyces O.E. Erikss.^#

• Ampelomyces Ces. ex Schltdl. (C)^#

• Bricookea M.E. Barr^#

• Chaetosphaeronema Moesz (C)^#

• Dematiopleospora Wanasinghe et al.*

• Dothideopsella Höhn.*

• Entodesmium Riess^#

• Eudarluca Speg.^#

• Loratospora Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.^#

• Neosetophoma Gruyter et al. (C)^#

• Neostagonospora Quaedvlieg et al. (C)^#

• Nodulosphaeria Rabenh^#

• Ophiobolus Riess^#

• Ophiosphaerella Speg.*

• Paraphoma Morgan-Jones & J.F. White (C)^#

• Parastagonospora Quaedvlieg et al. (C)^#

• Phaeosphaeria I. Miyake* (see in Table 1)

• Phaeosphaeriopsis M.P.S. Câmara et al.^#

• Phaeostagonospora A.W. Ramaley (C)^#

• Sclerostagonospora Höhn. (C)^#

• Scolecosporiella Petr. (C)#

• ?Scolicosporium Lib. ex Roum. (C)*

• ?Septoriella Oudem. (C)^#

• Setomelanomma M. Morelet^#

• Setophoma Gruyter et al. (C)^#

• Tiarospora Sacc. & Marchal (C)^#

• Vrystaatia Quaedvlieg et al. (C)^#

• Wojnowicia Sacc. (C)*

• Xenoseptoria Quaedvlieg et al. (C)^#

• ^# for notes see under Pahaeosphaeriaceae

Platystomaceae J. Schröt.

• Ostropella (Sacc.) Höhn.

• Platystomum Trevis.

• Xenolophium Syd.

Pleomassariaceae M.E. Barr

• Lichenopyrenis Calat. et al.

• Peridiothelia D. Hawksw.

• Prosthemium Kunze (C)* (see in Table 1)

• Splanchnonema Corda

Pleosporaceae Nitschke

• Alternaria Nees (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Bipolaris Shoemaker (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Clathrospora Rabenh.

• Curvularia Boedijn (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Decorospora Inderb. et al.

• Dendryphion Wallr. (H)

• Edenia M.C. González et al. (H)

• Exserohilum K.J. Leonard & Suggs (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Extrawettsteinina M.E. Barr

• Marielliottia Shoemaker (H)

• Neocamarosporium Crous & M.J. Wingf. (C)*

• Paradendryphiella Woudenberg & Crous (H)*

• Pleoseptum A.W. Ramaley & M.E. Barr*

• Platysporoides (Wehm.) Shoemaker & C.E. Babc.

• Pseudoyuconia Lar. N. Vassiljeva

• Pyrenophora Fr.* (see in Table 1)

• Stemphylium Wallr. (H)* (see in Table 1)

Salsugineaceae K.D. Hyde & S. Tibpromma

• Acrocordiopsis Borse & K.D. Hyde

• Salsuginea K.D. Hyde

Shiraiaceae Y.X. Liu et al.

• Grandigallia M.E. Barr et al.*

• Shiraia Henn.

Sporormiaceae Munk

• Chaetopreussia Locq.-Lin.

• Pleophragmia Fuckel

• Preussia Fuckel

• Sporormia De Not.

• Westerdykella Stolk

Teichosporaceae M.E. Barr

• Chaetomastia (Sacc.) Berl

• Loculohypoxylon M.E. Barr

• Sinodidymella J.Z. Yue & O.E. Erikss.

• Teichospora Fuckel

Testudinaceae Arx

Tetraplosphaeriaceae Kaz. Tanaka & K. Hiray.

• Polyplosphaeria Kaz. et al.

• Pseudotetraploa Kaz. et al. (H)

• Quadricrura Kaz. et al. (H)

• Tetraploa Berk. & Broome (H)* (see in Table 1)

• Triplosphaeria Kaz. et al.

Thyridariaceae Q. Tian & K.D. Hyde

• Thyridaria Sacc.*

Trematosphaeriaceae K.D. Hyde et al.

• Bryosphaeria Döbbeler*

• Falciformispora K.D. Hyde

• Hadrospora Boise*

• Halomassarina Suetrong et al.

• Medicopsis Gruyter et al. (C)*

• Trematosphaeria Fuckel

Zopfiaceae G. Arnaud ex D. Hawksw.

• Caryospora De Not.

• Coronopapilla Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.

• Rechingeriella Petr.

• Richonia Boud.

• Zopfia Rabenh.

• Zopfiofoveola D. Hawksw.

Pleosporales, genera incertae sedis

• Acrocalymma Alcorn & J.A.G. Irwin (C)*

• Ascorhombispora L. Cai & K.D. Hyde

• Aquasubmersa K.D. Hyde & Huang Zhang

• Ascoronospora Matsush.*

• Atradidymella M.L. Davey & Currah

• Bahusandhika Subram.

• Bellojisia Réblová

• Berkleasmium Zobel (H)

• Briansuttonia R.F. Castañeda et al. (H)

• Cerebella Ces. (H)

• Cheiromoniliophora Tzean & J.L. Chen (H)

• Cyclothyrium Petr. (C)*

• Dangeardiella Sacc. & P. Syd.

• Dendryphiella Bubák & Ranoj.(H)

• Dictyosporium Corda (H)

• Didymosphaerella Cooke

• Digitodesmium P.M. Kirk (H)

• Diplococcium Grove (H)

• Ellisembia Subram. (H)

• Eremodothis Arx

• Faurelina Locq.-Lin.

• Fusculina Crous & Summerell (C)

• Glaxoa P.F. Cannon*

• Gordonomyces Crous & Marinc. (C)

• Margaretbarromyces Mindell et al.

• Massariosphaeria (E. Müll.) Crivelli

• Mycocentrospora Deighton (H)

• Neopeckia Sacc.

• Nigrograna Gruyter et al. (C)*

• Noosia Crous et al. (H)

• Ochrocladosporium Crous & U. Braun (H)

• Periconia Tode (H)

• Phaeomycocentrospora Crous et al.

• Pleosphaerellula Naumov & Czerepan.

• Polyschema H.P. Upadhyay (H)

• Pseudochaetosphaeronema Punith. (C)

• Pseudopassalora Crous (H)

• Pseudopyrenidium Nav.-Ros. et al.

• Rebentischia P. Karst.*

• Repetophragma Subram. (H)

• ?Scleroramularia Batzer & Crous (H)

• Setophaeosphaeria Crous & Y. Zhang ter*

• Sirodesmium De Not. (C)

• Spiroplana Voglmayr et al. (H)

• Trinosporium Crous & Decock

• Versicolorisporium Sat. Hatak. et al. (C)

• Wicklowia Raja et al.

• Xenobotryosphaeria Quaedvlieg et al.*

Dothideomycetes, orders incertae sedis

Abrothallales Pérez-Ortega & Suija*

Abrothallaceae Pérez-Ortega & Suija*

• Abrothallus De Not.*

Botryosphaeriales C.L. Schoch et al.

Aplosporellaceae Slippers et al.*

• Aplosporella Speg. (C)*

• Bagnisiella Speg.*

Botryosphaeriaceae Theiss. & Syd.

• Alanphillipsia Crous & M.J. Wingf.*

• Auerswaldia Sacc.

• Auerswaldiella Theiss. & Syd.

• Barriopsis A.J.L. Phillips et al. (C)

• Botryobambusa Phook. et al.

• Botryosphaeria Ces. & De Not.* (see in Table 1)

• Coccostromella Petr.*

• Cophinforma Doilom et al.

• Dichomera Cooke (C)

• Diplodia Fr. (C)*

• Dothiorella Sacc. (C)

• Endomelanconiopsis E.I. Rojas & Samuels

• Lasiodiplodia Ellis & Everh. (C)

• Macrophomina Petr. (C)

• Macrovalsaria Petr.

• Metameris Theiss. & Syd.*

• Microdiplodia Allesch. (C)

• Neodeightonia C. Booth

• Neofusicoccum Crous et al. (C)

• Neoscytalidium Crous & Slippers (H)

• Phaeobotryon Theiss. & Syd.

• Phyllachorella Syd.

• Pyrenostigme Syd.

• Septorioides Quaedvlieg et al.*

• Sivanesania W.H. Hsieh & Chi Y. Chen

• Sphaeropsis Sacc. (C)* (see in Table 1)

• Spencermartinsia A.J.L. Phillips et al.

• Tiarosporella Höhn.

• Vestergrenia Rehm

Melanopsaceae Phillips et al.*

• Melanops Nitschke ex Fuckel

Phyllostictaceae Fr.

• Leptoguignardia E. Müll.

• Phyllosticta Pers. (C)* (see in Table 1)

• Pseudofusicoccum Mohali et al. (C)*

Planistromellaceae M.E. Barr

• Kellermania Ellis & Everh. (C)* (see in Table 1)

• Mycosphaerellopsis Höhn.

• Planistroma A.W. Ramaley*

Saccharataceae Slippers et al. *

• Saccharata Denman & Crous

Botryosphaeriales, genera incertae sedis

• Hendersonula Speg. (C)

Acrospermales Minter et al.

Acrospermaceae Fuckel

• Acrospermum Tode*

• Gonatophragmium Deighton (H)

• Oomyces Berk. & Broome

Dyfrolomycetales K.L. Pang et al.

Dyfrolomycetaceae K.D. Hyde et al.

• Dyfrolomyces K.D. Hyde et al.

Hysteriales Lindau

Hysteriaceae Chevall.

• Actidiographium Lar. N. Vassiljeva

• Coniosporium Link (H)

• Gloniella Sacc.

• Gloniopsis De Not.

• Hysterium Pers.

• Hysterobrevium E. Boehm & C.L. Schoch (C)

• Hysterocarina H. Zogg

• Hysteropycnis Hilitzer

• Oedohysterium E. Boehm & C.L. Schoch*

• Ostreichnion Duby

• Psiloglonium Höhn.

• Rhytidhysteron Speg.

• Sphaeronaema Fr.

Jahnulales Pang et al.

Aliquandostipitaceae Inderbitzin

• Aliquandostipite Inderb.

• Brachiosphaera Nawawi (H)

• Jahnula Kirschst.*

• Megalohypha A. Ferrer & Shearer

• Speiropsis Tubaki

• Xylomyces Goos et al.

Manglicolaceae Suetrong & E.B.G. Jones

• Manglicola Kohlm. & E. Kohlm.

Microthyriales G. Arnaud

Micropeltidaceae Clem. & Shear

• Anariste Syd.*

• Caudella Syd. & P. Syd.

• Chaetothyrina Theiss.

• Dictyopeltella Bat. & I.H. Lima

• Haplopeltheca Bat. et al.

• Heliocephala V. Rao et al.

• Holubovaniella R.F. Castañeda (H)

• Micropeltis Mont.

• Scolecopeltidium F. Stevens & Manter

• Sirothyriella Höhn.

• Stomiopeltis Theiss.

• Stomiopeltopsis Bat. & Cavalc.

• Stomiotheca Bat.

Microthyriaceae Sacc.

• Arnaudiella Petr.*

• Asterostomula Theiss. (C)

• Calothyriopsis Höhn.

• Caribaeomyces Cif.

• Chaetothyriothecium Hongsanan & K.D. Hyde*

• Hansfordiella S. Hughes (H)

• Isthmospora F. Stevens (H)

• Leptothyrium Kunze (C)

• Microthyrium Desm.

• Palawania Syd. & P. Syd.

• Seynesiella G. Arnaud

Microthyriales, genera incertae sedis

• Neomicrothyrium Boonmee et al.

Monoblastiales Lücking et al.

Monoblastiaceae Walt. Watson

• Acrocordia A. Massal.

• Anisomeridium (Müll. Arg.) M. Choisy

• Caprettia Bat. & H. Maia

• Megalotremis Aptroot

• Monoblastia Riddle

• Trypetheliopsis Asahina

Mytilinidiales Boehm et al.

Gloniaceae (Corda) Boehm et al.

• Cenococcum Moug. & Fr. (C)

• Cleistonium Speer (C)

• Glonium Muhl.

Mytilinidiaceae Kirschst.

• Actidium Fr.

• Camaroglobulus Speer (C)*

• Lophium Fr.

• Mytilinidion Duby

• Ostreola Darker

• Peyronelia Cif. & Gonz. Frag.

• Quasiconcha M.E. Barr & M. Blackw.

• Septonema Corda (H)

• Taeniolella S. Hughes (H)

• Zoggium Lar. N. Vassiljeva

Natipusillales Raja et al.

Natipusillaceae Raja et al.

• Natipusilla A. Ferrer

Patellariales D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss.

Patellariaceae Corda

• Baggea Auersw.

• Colensoniella Hafellner*

• Endotryblidium Petr.

• Holmiella Petrini et al.

• Lecanidiella Sherwood

• Lirellodisca Aptroot

• Murangium Seaver

• Patellaria Fr.

• Poetschia Körb.

• Pseudoparodia Theiss. & Syd.

• Rhizodiscina Hafellner

• Schrakia Hafellner

• Stratisporella Hafellner

• Tryblidaria (Sacc.) Rehm

Phaeotrichales Ariyawansa et al.

Phaeotrichaceae Cain

• Echinoascotheca Matsush.

• Phaeotrichum Cain & M.E. Barr

• Trichodelitschia Munk

Strigulales Lücking et al.

Strigulaceae Zahlbr.

• Flavobathelium Lücking et al.

• Phyllobathelium (Müll. Arg.) Müll. Arg

• Phyllocratera Sérus. & Aptroot

• Strigula Fr.

Trypetheliales Lücking et al.

Trypetheliaceae Zenker

• Architrypethelium Aptroot

• Bathelium Ach.

• Polymeridium (Müll. Arg.) R.C. Harris

• Pseudopyrenula Müll. Arg.

• Trypethelium Spreng.

Tubeufiales Boonmee & K.D. Hyde*

Tubeufiaceae M.E. Barr*

• Acanthohelicospora Boonmee & K.D. Hyde*

• Acanthophiobolus Berl.^#

• Acanthostigma De Not.^#

• Acanthostigmina Höhn.^#

• Aquaphila Goh et al. (H)^#

• Bifrontia Norman^#

• Boerlagiomyces Butzin^#

• Chaetosphaerulina I. Hino*

• Chlamydotubeufia Boonmee & K.D. Hyde^#

• Helicangiospora Boonmee*

• Helicoma Corda (H)^#

• Helicomyces Link (H)^#

• Helicoön Morgan (H)

• Helicosporium Nees (H)*

• Kamalomyces R.K. Verma et al.^#

• Neoacanthostigma Boonmee et al.*

• Podonectria Petch^#

• Tamhinispora Rajeshkumar & Rahul Sharma^#

• Thaxteriella Petr.^#

• Thaxteriellopsis Sivan. et al.*

• Tubeufia Penz. & Sacc.^#

• ^# for notes see under Tubeufiaceae

Venturiales Yin. Zhang et al.

Venturiaceae E. Müll. & Arx ex M.E. Barr

• Acantharia Theiss. & Syd.

• Acroconidiellina (Berk. & Broome) M.B. Ellis (H)

• Apiosporina Höhn.*

• Atopospora Petr.

• Caproventuria U. Braun

• Coleroa Rabenh.

• Helicodendron Peyronel (H)

• Maireella Syd. ex Maire*

• Metacoleroa Petr.

• Pithosira Petr. (H)

• Protoventuria Berl. & Sacc.

• Pseudocladosporium U. Braun

• Pseudoparodiella F. Stevens

• Spilodochium Syd. (H)

• Tyrannosorus Unter. & Malloch

• Venturia Sacc.

Sympoventuriaceae Yin. Zhang ter et al.

• Clavatispora S. Boonmee & K.D. Hyde*

• Ochroconis de Hoog & Arx (H)*

• Sympoventuria Crous & Seifert

• Veronaeopsis Arzanlou & Crous (H)

Dothideomycetes, families incertae sedis

Argynnaceae Shearer & J.L. Crane

• Argynna Morgan

• Lepidopterella Shearer & J.L. Crane

Arthopyreniaceae W. Watson

• Arthopyrenia A. Massal.

Ascoporiaceae Kutorga & D. Hawksw.

• Ascoporia Samuels & A.I. Romero

Aulographaceae Luttr. ex P.M. Kirk et al.*

• Aulographum Lib.^#

• Echidnodes Theiss. & Syd.*

• Lembosiella Sacc.*

• Lembosina Theiss.*

• Morenoina Theiss.*

• Thyriopsis Theiss. & Syd.*

• ^#for notes see under Aulographaceae

Coccoideaceae Henn. ex Sacc. & D. Sacc.

• Coccoidea Henn.

• Coccoidella Höhn.

Cookellaceae Höhn. ex Saccardo & Trotter

• Cookella Sacc.

• Pycnoderma Syd. & P. Syd.*

• Uleomyces Henn.

Dacampiaceae Körb.

• Aaosphaeria Aptroot*

• Clypeococcum D. Hawksw.

• Dacampia A. Massal.

• Eopyrenula R.C. Harris

• Leptocucurthis Aptroot

• Munkovalsaria Aptroot

• Polycoccum Saut. ex Körb.

• Pseudonitschkia Coppins & S.Y Kondr

• Pyrenidium Nyl.

• Weddellomyces D. Hawksw.

Englerulaceae Henn.*

• Allosoma Syd.*

• Capnodiastrum Speg. (C)

• Digitosarcinella S. Hughes (H)

• Englerula Henn.*

• Goosia B. Song*

• Parenglerula Höhn.*

• Rhytidenglerula Höhn.*

• Schiffnerula Höhn.*

• Thrauste Theiss.*

Eremomycetaceae Malloch & Cain

• Arthrographis G. Cochet ex Sigler & J.W. Carmich. (H)*

• Eremomyces Malloch & Cain

• Rhexothecium Samson & Mouch.

Euantennariaceae Hughes & Corlett

• Antennatula Fr. ex F. Strauss (H)

• Capnokyma S. Hughes (H)

• Euantennaria Speg.

• Hormisciomyces Bat. & Nascim. (H)

• Plokamidomyces Bat. et al. (H)

• Racodium Fr. (H)

• Rasutoria M.E. Barr

• Strigopodia Bat.

• Trichothallus F. Stevens (H)

Fenestellaceae M.E. Barr

• Fenestella Tul. & C. Tul.

• Lojkania Rehm

• Pleurostromella Petr. (C)

Kirschsteiniotheliaceae S. Boonmee & K.D. Hyde

• Kirschsteiniothelia D. Hawksw.* (see in Table 1)

Leptopeltidaceae Höhn. ex Trotter

• Dothiopeltis E. Müll.

• Leptopeltis Höhn.

• Nannfeldtia Petr.

• Phacidina Höhn.

• Ronnigeria Petr.

• Staibia Bat. & Peres

Mesnieraceae Arx & E. Müll.

• Bondiella Piroz.

• Mesniera Sacc. & P. Syd.

• Stegasphaeria Syd. & P. Syd.

Muyocopronaceae K.D. Hyde

• Muyocopron Speg.

Naetrocymbaceae Höhn. ex R.C. Harris

• Jarxia D. Hawksw.

• Leptorhaphis Körb.

• Naetrocymbe Körb. ex Körb.

• Tomasellia A. Massal.

Paranectriellaceae S. Boonmee & K.D. Hyde

• Paranectriella (P. Henn. ex Sacc & D. Sacc) Höhn.* (see in Table 1)

• Puttemansia Henn.

Parmulariaceae E. Müll. & Arx ex M.E. Barr*

• Aldona Racib.

• Aldonata Sivan. & A.R.P. Sinha

• Antoniomyces Inácio

• Aulacostroma Syd. & P. Syd.

• Campoa Speg.

• Cocconia Sacc.

• Cycloschizon Henn.

• Cyclostomella Pat.

• Dothidasteroma Höhn.*

• Ferrarisia Sacc.

• Hemigrapha (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant. ex D. Hawksw.

• Hysterostomella Speg.

• Inocyclus Theiss. & Syd.

• Kiehlia Viégas

• Mintera Inácio & P.F. Cannon

• Pachypatella Theiss. & Syd.

• Palawaniella Doidge

• Parmularia Lév.

• Parmulariopsella Sivan.

• Parmulariopsis Petr.

• Parmulina Theiss. & Syd.

• Placoasterella Sacc. ex Theiss. & Syd.*

• Placosoma Höhn.*

• Placostromella Petr.*

• Pleiostomellina Bat. et al.*

• Polycyclina Theiss. & Syd.

• Polycyclus Höhn.

• Protothyrium G. Arnaud

• Pseudolembosia Theiss.

• Rhagadolobium Henn. & Lindau

• Rhipidocarpon (Theiss.) Theiss. & Syd.

• Symphaeophyma Speg.

• Thallomyces H.J. Swart

• Viegasella Inácio & P.F. Cannon

Parodiellaceae Theiss. & H. Syd. ex M.E. Barr

• Parodiella Speg.

Perisporiopsidaceae E. Müll. & Arx ex R. Kirschner & T.A. Hofm.

• Alina Racib.

• Balladyna Racib.

• Balladynocallia Bat.

• Balladynopsis Theiss. & Syd.

• Chevalieropsis G. Arnaud

• Cleistosphaera Syd. & P. Syd.

• Dimeriella Speg.

• Dimerium (Sacc. & P. Syd.) McAlpine

• Dysrhynchis Clem.

• Hyalomeliolina F. Stevens

• Leptomeliola Höhn.

• Neoparodia Petr. & Cif.

• Ophiomeliola Starbäck

• Ophioparodia Petr. & Cif.

• Parodiellina Henn. ex G. Arnaud

• Perisporiopsis Henn.

• Pilgeriella Henn.

• Scolionema Theiss. & Syd.

• Stomatogene Theiss.

Polystomellaceae Theiss. & H. Syd.

• Dermatodothella Viégas*

• Munkiella Speg.

• Parastigmatea Doidge

Protoscyphaceae Kutorga & D. Hawksw.

• Protoscypha Syd.

Pseudoperisporiaceae Toro

• Aphanostigme Syd.

• Bryochiton Döbbeler & Poelt

• Bryomyces Döbbeler

• Chaetoscutula E. Müll.*

• Epibryon Döbbeler

• Episphaerella Petr.

• Eudimeriolum Speg.

• Eumela Syd.

• Jaffuela Speg.*

• Keratosphaera H.B.P. Upadhyay

• Lasiostemma Theiss. et al.

• Lizonia (Ces. & De Not.) De Not.

• Myxophora Döbbeler & Poelt

• Nematostigma Syd. & P. Syd.

• Nematostoma Syd. & P. Syd.

• Nematothecium Syd. & P. Syd.

• Neocoleroa Petr.

• Ophiociliomyces Bat. & I.H. Lima

• Phaeodimeriella Speg.

• Phaeostigme Syd. & P. Syd.

• Phragmeriella Hansf.

• Pododimeria E. Müll.

• Raciborskiomyces Siemaszko

• Toroa Syd.

Roussoellaceae J.K. Liu et al.*

• Appendispora K.D. Hyde*

• Cytoplea Bizz. & Sacc. (C)*

• Neoroussoella J.K. Liu et al.*

• Roussoella Sacc.

• Roussoellopsis I. Hino & Katum.

Schizothyriaceae Höhn. ex Trotter et al.

• Amazonotheca Bat. & H. Maia

• Chaetoplaca Syd. & P. Syd.

• Henningsiella Rehm

• Hexagonella F. Stevens & Guba ex F. Stevens

• Hysteropeltella Petr.*

• Kerniomyces Toro

• Lecideopsella Höhn.

• Linopeltis I. Hino & Katum.

• Mendogia Racib.

• Metathyriella Syd.

• Mycerema Bat. et al.

• Myriangiella Zimm.

• Neopeltella Petr.

• Orthobellus A.A. Silva & Cavalc.

• Plochmopeltis Theiss.

• Schizothyrium Desm. (H)*

• Zygophiala E.W. Mason (H)*

Seynesiopeltidaceae K.D. Hyde

• Seynesiopeltis F. Stevens & R.W. Ryan

Trichopeltinaceae (Theiss.) Bat. (=Brefeldiellaceae) *

• Acrogenotheca Cif. & Bat.*

• Brefeldiella Speg.*

• Saccardinula Speg.*

• Trichopeltella Höhn.*

• Trichopeltheca Bat. et al.*

• Trichopeltina Theiss.*

• ?Trichothyrinula Petr.*

TrichothyriaceaeTheiss.

• Lichenopeltella Höhn.

• Macrographa Etayo

• Pachythyrium G. Arnaud ex Spooner & P.M. Kirk

• Trichothyrium Speg.

Vizellaceae H.J. Swart

• Blasdalea Sacc. & P. Syd.* (see in Table 1)

• Vizella Sacc.

Wiesneriomycetaceae Suetrong et al.*

• Wiesneriomyces Koord.

Dothideomycetes, genera incertae sedis

• Acanthorus Bat. & Cavalc. (C)

• Acanthostigmella Höhn.*

• Acarella Syd. (C)

• Achorella Theiss. & Syd.

• Acredontium de Hoog

• Actinomyxa Syd. & P. Syd.

• Alascospora Raja et al.

• Allonecte Syd.

• Amorosia Mantle & D. Hawksw. (H)

• Ampullifera Deighton (H)

• Anguillosporella U. Braun (H)

• Anopeltis Bat. & Peres

• Anthracostroma Petr.* (see in Table 1)

• Anungitea B. Sutton (H)

• Anungitopsis R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr. (H)

• Apoa Syd.

• Aptrootia Lücking & Sipman

• Aquamarina Kohlm. et al.

• Aquaticheirospora Kodsueb & W.H. Ho (H)

• Arkoola J. Walker & Stovold

• Armata W. Yamam.

• Asbolisia Bat. & Cif.

• Ascocoronospora Matsush. (H)

• Ascominuta Ranghoo & K.D. Hyde

• Asterinema Bat. & Gayão*

• Asteritea Bat. & R. Garnier

• Asterodothis Theiss.*

• Asteromassaria Höhn.

• Asteromella Pass. & Thüm. (C)

• Asteronia (Sacc.) Henn.

• Asterostromina (C)

• Astrosphaeriella Syd. & P. Syd.*

• Astrothelium Eschw.

• Atramixtia Tsuneda et al.

• Austropleospora R.G. Shivas & L. Morin

• Bactrodesmium Cooke (H)

• Bahugada K.A. Reddy & V. Rao

• Bahusakala Subram. (H)

• Bahusutrabeeja Subram. & Bhat (H)

• Banhegyia L. Zeller & Tóth

• Belizeana Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.

• Biciliopsis Diederich

• Bonaria Bat.

• Botryochora Torrend*

• Botryohypoxylon Samuels & J.D. Rogers* (see in Table 1)

• Botryostroma Höhn.

• Brachyconidiella R.F. Castañeda & W.B. Kendr. (H)

• Bramhamyces Hosag.

• Brevicatenospora R.F. Castañeda et al.

• Brooksia Hansf.* (see in Table 1)

• Bryorella Döbbeler

• Bryostroma Döbbeler

• Bryothele Döbbeler

• Buelliella Fink

• Buscalionia Sambo

• Byssocallis Syd.

• Byssogene Syd.

• Byssolophis Clem.

• Byssopeltis Bat. et al.

• Byssothecium Fuckel

• Callebaea Bat.

• Calyptra Theiss. & Syd.

• Campylothelium Müll. Arg.

• Capillataspora K.D. Hyde

• Capnocheirides J.L. Crane & S. Hughes (H)

• Capnodaria (Sacc.) Theiss. & Syd.

• Capnodinula Bat. & Cif.

• Capnophaeum Speg.

• Capnosporium S. Hughes (H)

• Carinispora K.D. Hyde

• Catenolaria G.Y. Sun & H.Y. Li

• Catinella Boud.

• Catulus Malloch & Rogerson

• Celtidia J.D. Janse

• Ceramoclasteropsis Bat. & Cavalc.

• Ceratophoma Höhn. (C)

• Cercidospora Körb.

• Cerodothis Muthappa

• Ceuthodiplospora Died. (C)

• Chaetocrea Syd.*

• Chaetonectrioides Matsush.

• Chaetosticta Petr. & Syd.

• Chalara (Corda) Rabenh. (H)

• Cheirosporium L. Cai & K.D. Hyde (H)

• Chionomyces Deighton & Piroz.

• Chuppia Deighton (H)

• Cilioplea Munk

• Cirsosina Bat. & J.L. Bezerra

• Cirsosiopsis Butin & Speer

• Cladoriella Crous (H)

• Clasterosporium Schwein. (H)

• Clavariopsis De Wild. (H)

• Clypeispora A.W. Ramaley (C)

• Clypeolina Theiss.

• Clypeostroma Theiss. & Syd.

• Cocciscia Norman

• Coccochora Höhn.

• Coccochorina Hara

• Coccodothis Theiss. & Syd.

• Comesella Speg.

• Comminutispora A.W. Ramaley* (see in Table 1)

• Coronospora M.B. Ellis*

• Crauatamyces Viégas

• Crotone Theiss. & Syd.

• Cryomyces Selbmann et al. (H)

• Cyclopeltis Petr.* (see in Table 1)

• Cyclotheca Theiss.

• Cylindrosympodium W.B. Kendr. & R.F. Castañeda

• Cyrtidium Vain.

• Cyrtidula Minks

• Cyrtopsis Vain.

• Cytostagonospora Bubák (C)

• Dactuliophora C.L. Leakey (H)

• Dawsomyces Döbbeler

• Dawsophila Döbbeler

• Decaisnella Fabre

• Dermatodothis Racib. ex Theiss. & Syd.

• Dianesea Inácio & P.F. Cannon

• Dibotryon Theiss. & Syd.

• Dictyoasterina Hansf.

• Dictyodochium Sivan.

• Dictyopeltis Theiss.

• Dictyostomiopelta Viégas

• Dictyothyrina Theiss.

• Dictyothyrium Theiss.

• Didymochora Hohn. (C)

• Didymocyrtidium Vain.

• Didymocyrtis Vain.

• Didymolepta Munk

• Didymopleella Munk

• Diederichia D. Hawksw. (C)

• Dilophospora Desm.

• Diplochorina Gutner

• Disculina Höhn. (C)

• Dothichiza Lib. ex Roum.

• Dothidasteromella Höhn.*

• Dothidella Speg.

• Dothivalsaria Petr.

• Dubitatio Speg.

• Dubujiana D.R. Reynolds & G.S. Gilber

• Echinothecium Zopf

• Elletevera Deighton (H)

• Elmerinula Syd.

• Endosporium Tsuneda (H)

• Englerodothis Theiss. & Syd.

• Epiphegia G.H. Otth

• Epiphora Nyl.

• Epipolaeum Theiss. & P. Syd.

• Eriocercospora Deighton (H)

• Eriocercosporella Rak. Kumar et al. (H)

• Eriomycopsis Speg. (H)

• Eriothyrium Speg. (C)

• Eupelte Syd.*

• Excipulariopsis P.M. Kirk & Spooner* (see in Table 1)

• Exiliseptum R.C. Harris

• Extrusothecium Matsush.

• Farlowiella Sacc.* (see in Table 1)

• Frondisphaeria K.D. Hyde

• Fulvia Cif.

• Fumiglobus D.R. Reynolds & G.S. Gilbert (C)

• Funbolia Crous & Seifert (H)

• Fusicladiella Höhn. (H)

• Fusicladium Bonord. (H)

• Gibbago E.G. Simmons (H)

• Gibbera Fr.

• Gibberidea Fuckel

• Gilletiella Sacc. & P. Syd.

• Globoa Bat. & H. Maia

• Globulina Speg.

• Gloeodiscus Dennis

• Glyphium Nitschke ex F. Lehm.

• Govindua Bat. & H. Maia

• Graphyllium Clem.

• Halokirschsteiniothelia Boonmee & K.D. Hyde

• Hansfordiellopsis Deighton (H)

• Hansfordiopsis Bat.

• Harknessiella Sacc.

• Hassea Zahlbr.

• Heleiosa Kohlm. et al.

• Helminthopeltis Sousa da Câmara

• Helminthosporium Link (H)

• Heptameria Rehm & Thüm.

• Heptaster Cif. et al. (H)

• Heteroconium Petr. (H)

• Heterosphaeriopsis Hafellner

• Hidakaea I. Hino & Katum.

• Hobsoniopsis D. Hawksw. (H)

• Homortomyces Crous & M.J. Wingf. (C)

• Homostegia Fuckel

• Hormiokrypsis Bat. & Nascim. (H)

• Houjia G.Y. Sun & Crous (H)

• Hugueninia J.L. Bezerra & T.T. Barros

• Hyalocrea Syd. & P. Syd.

• Hyaloscolecostroma Bat. & J. Oliveira

• Hyalosphaera F. Stevens

• Hyalotheles Speg.*

• Hypobryon Döbbeler

• Hysterodifractum D.A.C. Almeida et al.

• Hysteroglonium Rehm ex Lindau

• Hysteropsis Rehm

• Idriella P.E. Nelson & S. Wilh. (H)

• Immotthia M.E. Barr

• Isthmosporella Shearer & J.L. Crane

• Japonia Höhn.

• Kabatia Bubák (C)

• Koordersiella Höhn.

• Kriegeriella Höhn.

• Krishnamyces Hosag. (C)*

• Kullhemia P. Karst.

• Kusanobotrys Henn.

• Lanatosphaera Matzer

• Laocoön J.C. David (H)

• Lasiobotrys Kunze

• Lasmenia Speg.

• Lautitia S. Schatz*

• Lazarenkoa Zerova

• Lembosiopeltis Bat. & J.L. Bezerra

• Lemonniera De Wild. (H)

• Leptospora Rabenh.

• Letendraeopsis K.F. Rodrigues & Samuels

• Leveillella Theiss. & Syd.*

• Leveillina Theiss. & Syd.

• Licopolia Sacc. et al.

• Lidophia J. Walker & B. Sutton*

• Limaciniopsis J.M. Mend.

• Lineolata Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.

• Lineostroma H.J. Swart

• Lophiella Sacc.

• Lophionema Sacc.

• Lopholeptosphaeria Sousa da Câmara

• Lucidascocarpa A. Ferrer et al.*

• Macowaniella Doidge*

• Maheshwaramyces Hosag.*

• Malacaria Syd.*

• Manginula G. Arnaud (C)

• Manoharachariella Bagyan. et al.

• Marcelaria Aptroot et al.

• Massariola Füisting

• Maublancia G. Arnaud

• Megaloseptoria Naumov (C)

• Melioliphila Speg.*

• Mendoziopeltis Bat.

• Microcyclella Theiss.

• Microcyclus Sacc. et al.

• Microdothella Syd. & P. Syd.

• Micropustulomyces R.W. Barreto (C)

• Microxiphium (Harv. ex Berk. & Desm.) Thüm. (H)

• Minteriella Heredia et al.

• Minutisphaera Shearer et al.

• Mitopeltis Speg.

• Miuraea Hara (H)

• Monoblastiopsis R.C. Harris & C.A. Morse

• Monodictys S. Hughes (H)

• Monotosporella S. Hughes (H)

• Montagnella Speg.

• Moriolomyces Cif. & Tomas.

• Moristroma A.I. Romero & Samuels

• Muroia I. Hino & Katum.

• Mycocryptospora J. Reid & C. Booth

• Mycodidymella C.Z. Wei et al.

• Mycoglaena Höhn.

• Mycomicrothelia Keissl.

• Mycopepon Boise

• Mycoporellum Müll. Arg.

• Mycothyridium Petr.

• Mycovellosiella Rangel (H)

• Myriangiopsis Henn.

• Myriostigmella G. Arnaud

• Mytilostoma P. Karst.

• Myxocyclus Riess (C)

• Neocoleroa Petr.

• Neodeightoniella Crous & W.J. Swart (H)

• Neoovularia U. Braun (H)

• Neoramularia U. Braun (H)

• Neottiosporina Subram. (C)

• Neoventuria Syd. & P. Syd.

• Ocala Raja & Shearer

• Omphalospora Theiss. & Syd.*

• Ophiotrichum Kunze (H)

• Otthia Nitschke ex Fuckel

• Parahendersonia A.W. Ramaley (C)*

• Paraliomyces Kohlm.

• Parastenella J.C. David (H)

• Parasterinella Speg.*

• Parmulariella Henn.

• Paropodia Cif. & Bat.

• Passeriniella Berl.

• Passerinula Sacc.

• Pazschkeella Syd. & P. Syd.

• Peltaster Syd. & P. Syd. (C)

• Peltasterella Bat. & H. Maia (C)

• Pendulispora M.B. Ellis (H)

• Perischizon Syd. & P. Syd.

• Peroschaeta Bat. & A.F. Vital

• Petrakina Cif.*

• Petrakiopeltis Bat. et al.

• Phaeocyrtidula Vain.

• Phaeoglaena Clem.

• Phaeopeltosphaeria Berl. & Peglion

• Phaeoramularia Munt.-Cvetk. (H)

• Phaeosclera Sigler et al. (H)

• Phaeosperma Nitschke ex G.H. Otth

• Phaeotheca Sigler et al. (H)

• Phaeothecoidiella Batzer & Crous (H)

• Phaeothyriolum Syd.

• Phaeotomasellia Katum.

• Phaeoxyphiella Bat. & Cif. (C)

• Phanerococculus Cif.

• Philobryon Döbbeler

• Philonectria Hara

• Phragmaspidium Bat.

• Phragmogibbera Samuels & Rogerson

• Phragmoscutella Woron. & Abramov*

• Phragmosperma Theiss. & Syd.

• Phycorella Döbbeler

• Physalosporopsis Bat. & H. Maia

• Pirozynskia Subram. (H)*

• Placoasterina Toro

• Placodothis Syd.

• Placomelan Cif.*

• Placosphaeria (De Not.) Sacc.

• Plagiostromella Höhn.

• Plectopycnis Bat. & A.F. Vital (C)

• Plejobolus (E. Bommer et al.) O.E. Erikss.

• Plenotrichaius Bat. & Valle (C)

• Pleostigma Kirschst.

• Pleotrichiella Sivan.

• Pleurophoma Höhn. (C)

• Pleurophomopsis Petr. (C)*

• Podoplaconema Petr. (C)

• Polychaetella Speg. (C)

• Polyclypeolina Bat. & I.H. Lima

• Polycyclinopsis Bat. et al.

• Polyrhizon Theiss. et al.

• Polysporidiella Petr.

• Polystomellina Bat. & A.F. Vital

• Polystomellopsis F. Stevens

• Prathoda Subram. (H)

• Pseudoallosoma F.B. Rocha et al.

• Pseudodictyosporium Matsush. (H)

• Pseudodidymella C.Z. Wei et al.* (see in Table 1)

• Pseudoepicoccum M.B. Ellis

• Pseudomorfea Punith.

• Pseudopleospora Petr.

• Pseudorobillarda M. Morelet (C)

• Pseudoscypha J. Reid & Piroz.

• Pseudovirgaria H.D. Shin et al. (H)

• Pteridiospora Penz. & Sacc.

• Pteropus R.W. Ham

• Punctillum Petr. & Syd.

• Pycnocarpon Theiss.

• Pyrenobotrys Theiss. & Syd.

• Pyrenochium Link

• Pyrenocyclus Petr.

• Quasiphloeospora B. Sutton et al. (H)

• Quintaria Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm

• Racoleus R. Sant. & D. Hawksw.

• Racovitziella Döbbeler & Poelt

• Ramulariopsis Speg. (H)

• Resendea Bat.

• Rhabdospora (Durieu & Mont. ex Sacc.) Sacc. (C)

• Rhizogene Syd. & P. Syd.

• Rhizopycnis D.F. Farr (C)

• Rhizosphaera L. Mangin & Har.

• Rhizotexis Theiss. & Syd.*

• Rhopographus Nitschke ex Fuckel

• Robillardiella S. Takim.

• Rosaria N. Carter

• Rosasphaeria Jaklitsch & Voglmayr

• Rosellinula R. Sant.

• Rosenscheldia Speg.

• Rosenscheldiella Theiss. & Syd.

• Roumegueria (Sacc.) Henn.

• Saccharicola D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss

• Sakireeta Subram. & K. Ramakr. (C)

• Sapucchaka K. Ramakr.

• Sarcinomyces Lindner (H)

• Sarcophoma Höhn.

• Saxomyces Selbmann & Isola

• Scirrhia Nitschke ex Fuckel

• Scleroconidioma Tsuneda et al. (H)

• Sclerophoma Höhn. (C)*

• Scolecobonaria Bat.

• Scolecoxyphium Cif. & Bat. (C)

• Semifissispora H.J. Swart

• Semisphaeria K. Holm & L. Holm

• Septoidium G. Arnaud (H)

• Shearia Petr. (C)*

• Shivamyces Hosag.

• Sirosporium Bubák & Serebrian. (H)

• Sivanesaniella Gawande & D.K. Agarwal

• Spermatoloncha Speg. (H)

• Sphaerellopsis Cooke (C)

• Spirosphaera Beverw. (H)

• Sporidesmajora Batzer & Crous (H)

• Sporidesmium Link (H)

• Stegasphaeria Syd. & P. Syd.

• Stegothyrium Höhn.

• Stephanotheca Syd. & P. Syd.*

• Stigmatodothis Syd. & P. Syd.

• Stigmatophragmia Tehon & G.L. Stout

• Stromatopogon Zahlbr.

• Stuartella Fabre

• Symphaster Theiss. & Syd.

• Syrropeltis Bat. et al.

• Teichosporella (Sacc.) Sacc.

• Teratoschaeta Bat. & O.M. Fonseca

• Tetracrium Henn. (H)

• Thalassoascus Ollivier

• Thelenidia Nyl.

• Thryptospora Petr.

• Thyrinula Petr. & Syd. (C)

• Thyriodictyella Cif.

• Thyrospora Kirschst.

• Tilakiella Srinivas.

• Titaea Sacc. (H)

• Tomeoa I. Hino

• Torulopsiella Bender (H)

• Tothia Bat.

• Trematosphaeriopsis Elenkin

• Tretospora M.B. Ellis (H)

• Trichodothella Petr.

• Trichodothis Theiss. & Syd.

• Trichometasphaeria Munk

• Trichosporiella Kamyschko (H)

• Trichothyriella Theiss.

• Trichothyriomyces Bat. & H. Maia

• Triposporium Corda (H)

• Troposporella P. Karst. (H)

• Uleodothis Theiss. & Syd.

• Uredinophila Rossman*

• Valsaria Ces. & De Not.

• Verrucisporota D.E. Shaw & Alcorn (H)

• Verruconis Samerpitak & de Hoog

• Vishnumyces Hosag.*

• Wentiomyces Koord.

• Westea H.J. Swart

• Wettsteinina Höhn.

• Xenomeris Syd.

• Xenophacidiella Crous

• Xenosonderhenia Crous (C)

• Xenosporium Penz. & Sacc.

• Xenostomella Syd.

• Xylopezia Höhn.

• Yoshinagaia Henn.*

• Yoshinagella Höhn.

• Zalerion R.T. Moore & Meyers

• Zeloasperisporium R.F. Castañeda (H)