Morphological classification

Digital images of the fruiting structures were captured with a Canon 450D digital camera fitted to a Nikon ECLIPSE 80i compound microscope. Squash mount preparations were prepared to determine micro-morphology, and free hand sections of sporocarps made to observe the shapes of ascomata/conidiomata and peridium structures. Measurements of morphological structures were taken from the widest part of each structure. Whenever possible, more than 30 measurements were made. The lengths and widths were measured using the Tarosoft (R) Image Frame Work program and images used for figures processed with Adobe Photoshop CS3 Extended v. 10.0 (Adobe®, San Jose, CA). Three sets of duplicate cultures of each isolate were measured to determine colony characteristics on PDA at 16 °C in the dark. Colony size was determined, and colour rated according to the colour charts of Rayner (1970) after 3 wk of incubation.

DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing

Isolates were grown on PDA for 3–4 wk at 16 °C and total genomic DNA was extracted from 50 to 100 mg of mycelium scraped from the edges of the growing cultures (Wu et al. 2001). Mycelium was ground to a fine powder in liquid nitrogen and DNA was extracted using the Biospin Fungus Genomic DNA Extraction Kit, BSC14S1 (BioFlux, P.R. China) following the instructions of the manufacturer. When fungi failed to germinate and grow in culture, DNA was extracted directly from ascomata using a DNA extraction kit (E.Z.N.A.® Forensic DNA kit, D3591-01, Omega Bio-Tek) following Telle & Thines (2008). DNA were stored at 4 °C for use in regular work and duplicated at −20 °C for long term storage. DNA sequence data was obtained from the partial sequences of four loci: the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8S nrDNA-ITS2, ITS), small subunit nrDNA (18S, SSU), large subunit nrDNA (28S, LSU) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef1). Nuclear ITS regions were amplified using the primers ITS5 and ITS4 (White et al. 1990). The LSU was amplified using the primers LROR (Rehner & Samuels 1994) and LR5 (Vilgalys & Hester 1990), the SSU using the primers NS1 and NS4 (White et al. 1990), and tef1 using primers EF1-983F and EF1-2218R (Rehner & Buckley 2005). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out with a final volume of 25 μL under the following protocol: 12.5 μL of 2 × Power Taq PCR MasterMix (a premix and ready to use solution, including 0.1 Units/μL Taq DNA Polymerase, 500 μM dNTP Mixture each (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP), 20 mM Tris-HCL pH 8.3, 100 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl₂, stabilizer and enhancer), 1 μL of each primer (10 μM), 1 μL genomic DNA extract and 9.5 μL deionised water. The reaction was then allowed to run for 35 cycles. The PCR profile was as follows: initial denaturation 95 °C for 5 min, 35 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C for 90 s, annealing for 90 s, elongation at 72 °C for 1 min, and final extension at 72 °C for 10 min. The annealing temperature was 55 °C for ITS, LSU, tef1 and 48 ºC for SSU. The amplified PCR fragments were sequenced by BGI, Ltd., Shenzhen, P.R. China. Sequences were deposited in GenBank (Table 1, Table 2).

Other accepted species

Camarosporidiella aborescentis (Phukhams. et al.) Phukhams., Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821942; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03531. Fig. 5.

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Fig. 5

Sexual morph of Camarosporidiella aborescentis (MFLU 15-3630). A. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. B. Section of ascoma. C. Peridium. D. Pseudoparaphyses. E–H. Asci. I–N. Ascospores. Scale bars: B = 100 μm; C, D = 10 μm; E–H = 20 μm; I–N = 10 μm.

Basionym: Camarosporium aborescentis Phukhams. et al., in Liu et al., Fungal Diversity 72: 151. 2015.

Saprobic on woody branches. Asexual morph: See Liu et al. (2015) for illustrations. Sexual morph: Ascomata 350–450 μm high, 500–600 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 406.4 × 529.7 μm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, globose, rough or hairy, ostiolate. Ostiole central, short, slightly sunken, minute, inconspicuous on surface, smooth, with ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 15–25 μm wide at the base, 25–50 μm wide in sides, comprising 6–10 layers, with outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards inside lighter, with inner layer composed of 3–4 layers, hyaline, flattened, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2–3 μm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 170–210 × 15–18 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 186.2 × 16.1 μm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, rounded at apex with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 28–32 × 12–13 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 29.9 × 12.4 μm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 5–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, constricted at middle septum, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, slightly paler, conical and narrow at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, greenish-grey after 6 wk, reverse greenish-grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Materials examined: Italy, Forlì-Cesena Province, near Predappio, on dead branches of Colutea arborescens (Fabaceae), 25 Oct. 2015, E. Camporesi IT2674, MFLU 15–3630, living culture MFLUCC 17-0660. Russia, Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University, Systematic Arboretum, parkland, 47,2350724° N, 39,6541643° E, on Colutea orientalis, 30 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-477, MFLU 15-2181; on Amorpha sp., 14 Jun. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov NK076, MFLU 16-2387, living culture MFLUCC 17-0738.

Notes: Camarosporidiella aborescentis is morphologically similar to Camarosporium feurichii in having black conidiomata and brown, smooth-walled, oblong, 3-transversely septate conidia and usually with one longitudinal septum (Liu et al. 2015). In this study, we add another three strains to Camarosporidiella aborescentis from Italy and Russia. Altogether strains of this taxon cluster together with high statistical support of 98 % for ML, 94 % for MP and 1.00 for PP (Clade A9, Fig. 1).

Camarosporidiella arezzoensis (Tibpromma et al.) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821943; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03532. Fig. 6.

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Fig. 6

Asexual morph of Camarosporidiella arezzoensis (MFLU 17-0455). A. Conidiomata on host surface. B. Vertical section through conidioma. C. Microconidia. D–G. Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. H–M. Macroconidia. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 10 μm; D–M = 5 μm.

Basionym: Camarosporium arezzoensis Tibpromma et al., Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 23: 2. 2016.

Saprobic or weakly necrotrophic on dead twigs and branches of Amorpha fruticosa. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 300–400 μm high, 300–350 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 347.9 × 324.5 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, unilocular, with a papillate ostiolate. Ostiole 60–100 μm long, 100–150 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 82.2 × 115.4 μm, n = 6), central, long, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline or pale brown cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 25–45 μm wide at the base, 25–35 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 5–6 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish or to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macroconidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Macroconidia 20–28 × 6–9 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 24 × 7.8 μm; n = 40), cylindrical, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 4–7-transverse septate, with 1–2-longitudinal septa, muriform, smooth, brown to blackish-brown. Microconidiogenous cells intermingled with macro-conidiogenous cells, hyaline, discrete, enteroblastic with percurrent annellidic, ampulliform to subcylindrical. Microconidia 5–7.5 × 3.5–4.5 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.3 × 4 μm; n = 25), hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal, with a few small guttules. Sexual morph: See Tibpromma et al. (2015).

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, dirty white, reverse creamy grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Materials examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Lower Park, 47,2313935° N, 39,6648932° E, on Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae), 14 Apr. 2013, T.S. Bulgakov T-009 (MFLU 17-0455, living culture MFLUCC 14-0891); Azov district, Delta of Don river, sand dunes near Polushkin village, 47,1981111° N, 39,4148684° E, on Cytisus borysthenicus (Fabaceae), 8 May 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-064, MFLU 17-0475, living culture MFLUCC 14-0913 = CBS 143103; Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Systematic Arboretum, 47,2360559° N, 39,6555591° E, on Cytisus austriacus (Fabaceae), 8 May 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-072, MFLU 17-0478, living culture MFLUCC 14-0916 = CBS 143103; Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Systematic Arboretum, 47,2360559° N, 39,6555591° E, on Cytisus austriacus, 5 Mar. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-016, MFLU 17-0462, living culture MFLUCC 14-0899 = CBS 143102.

Notes: Camarosporidiella arezzoensis was reported as a sexual morph and is similar to Cucurbitaria species in having long cylindrical asci and narrowly fusiform, muriform ascospores, being 5–7-transversely septate, with 4–6 vertical septa (Tibpromma et al. 2015). An asexual morph was undetermined. In this study, we introduce the asexual morph of Ca. arezzoensis with four new collections from Russia on Amorpha fruticosa and Cytisus austriacus. Strains of Camarosporidiella arezzoensis cluster together with 60 % for ML, 67 % for MP and 0.96 for PP support (Clade A8, Fig. 1). Camarosporium amorphae (= Cucurbitaria amorphae) and Cm. amorphicola are also found on Amorpha fruticosa in Canada and Central Asia (Farr & Rossman 2017), but Cm. amorphae (20–24 × 9 μm, 4–5 transverse septa) has fewer transverse septa (Saccardo 1883) compared to the asexual morph of Camarosporidiella arezzoensis (20–28 × 6–9 μm, and 4–7 transverse septa). Records are lacking for comparison of Camarosporium amorphicola with our new taxon. Our collection differs from known other members in Camarosporidiella in having cylindrical conidia.

Camarosporidiella celtidis (Shear) Thambug., Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821945; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03533. Fig. 7, Fig. 8.

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Fig. 7

Sexual morph of Camarosporidiella celtidis (MFLU 17-469). A. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. B. Section of ascoma. C. Pseudoparaphyses. D–E. Asci. F–I. Ascospores. Scale bars: B = 100 μm; C = 10 μm; D, E = 20 μm; F–I = 10 μm.

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Fig. 8

Asexual morph of Camarosporidiella celtidis (MFLU 17-0466). A. Conidiomata on host surface. B. Vertical section through conidioma. C. Conidiomata wall. D, E. Conidiogenous cells producing conidia. F–H. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 20 μm; D–H = 10 μm.

Basionym: Cucurbitaria celtidis Shear, Bull. Torrey bot. Club 29: 451. 1902.

Synonym: Camarosporium uniseriatum Thambug. et al., Stud. Fung. 1: 94. 2016.

Necrotrophic or saprobic on dead twigs and thin branches. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 300–350 μm high, 350–450 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 337.1 × 392.7 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed to semi-erumpent, unilocular. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 20–25 μm wide at the base, 25–30 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 3–4 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish or to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 3–4 layers, hyaline, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 15–20 × 6–8 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 16.8 × 6.9 μm; n = 40), oblong, straight, rounded at both ends, sometimes narrowly rounded ends, 2–3-transversely septate, without longitudinal septa, smooth-walled, initially hyaline, becoming brown to dark brown at maturity. Sexual morph: Ascomata black, semi-immersed, becoming erumpent, scattered, solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, coriaceous, rough or hairy, ostiolate. Ostiole central, short, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline to lightly pigmented pseudoparenchymatous cells. Peridium comprising several layers, outer layers heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, inner layers composed of hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising 1–3 μm wide, numerous, filamentous, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded, with an ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriate, slightly overlapping, initially hyaline, becoming dark brown at maturity, ellipsoid, oblong to fusoid, straight, muriform, with 3–5 transverse septa, and 1–2(–3) longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the central septum, with rounded or acute ends, smooth-walled, without a mucilaginous sheath (Thambugala et al. 2016).

Materials examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University, Higher Park, on twigs and branches of Celtis occidentalis (Cannabaceae), 5 Mar. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-037, MFLU 16-0469, reference specimen, living culture MFLUCC 15-0444 = ICMP 21250. ibid. on Gleditsia tracanthos (Fabaceae), 26 Mar. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-040, MFLU 17-0466, living culture MFLUCC 14-0904 = CBS 1431010; Shakhty city, Central Park, 47,7055886° N, 40,2059913° E, on Maclura pomifera (Moraceae), 12 Mar. 2013, T.S. Bulgakov T-002, MFLU 17-0450, living culture MFLUCC 14-0884 = CBS 143109; Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University, 47, 2306722° N, 39, 6602583° E, on Spiraea sp. (Rosaceae), 15 Apr. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-193, MFLU 15-1897; Shakhty city, Central urban microdistrict, Central Park, 47, 7058052° N, 40,2065706° E, on Prunus padus, 9 Jul. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-224, MFLU 15-1928, living culture MFLUCC 17-0676 = CBS 143111; Shakhty city, Atyukhta River valley, Volchya Balka, 47,7122088° N, 40,1836753° E, on Morus alba, 5 Jul. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-239, MFLU 15-1943, living culture MFLUCC 17-0679; Shakhty city, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, Grushevka steppe slopes near Grushevsky pond, 47,7261179° N, 40,2587664° E, on Elymus repens, 12 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-332, MFLU 15-2036; Shakhty city, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, Block park, 47,7122088° N, 40,1836753° E, on Betula pendula, 14 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-358, MFLU 15-2062, living culture MFLUCC 16-0556; Shakhty city, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, Block park, 47,6922302° N, 40,0925446° E, on Ailanthus altissima, 21 Jul. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-767, MFLU 15-2912, living culture MFLUCC 17-0701 = CBS 143112.

Notes: Cucurbitaria celtidis was introduced by Shear (1902) from Celtis occidentalis. Thambugala et al. (2016) placed this species in the genus Camarosporium based on DNA sequence data from a fresh collection and introduced Cm. uniseriatum. However, in the present study, we accommodate Cucurbitaria celtidis in the new genus Camarosporidiella and the asexual morph of the species is described and illustrated (Fig. 7). Nine new isolates cluster in the Ca. celtidis clade (Subclade A5, Fig. 1), and they are differing from known other members in Camarosporidiella in having conidia without longitudinal septa. However, this subclade is only moderately supported ≤ 60 % ML & 77 % MP and ≤ 0.95 PP.

Camarosporidiella clematidis (Wijayaw. et al.) Wijayaw., Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821946; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03534.

Basionym: Camarosporium clematidis Wijayaw. et al., Phytotaxa 183: 19. 2014.

Illustrations: See Wijayawardene et al. (2014a).

Notes: Wijayawardene et al. (2014a) introduced this species from Clematis vitalba in Italy. The sexual morph has not been reported. In this study Camarosporidiella clematidis groups with Ca. laburnicola (Tibpromma et al. 2017), which was reported as the sexual morph. This subclade (Subclade A3, Fig. 1) is not supported and therefore the lifecycle link between these two taxa is ambiguous.

Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola Wanas., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde sp. nov. MycoBank MB821947; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03535. Fig. 9.

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Fig. 9

Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola (MFLU 17-0470, holotype). A. Conidiomata on host surface. B. Vertical section through conidioma. C. Microconidia. D–F. Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. G–J. Macroconidia. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C–J = 10 μm.

Etymology: Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Elaeagnus.

Necrotrophic on dying branches of Elaeagnus angustifolia. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 300–500 μm high, 300–550 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 384.2 × 410.8 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, uni- to multi-locular, with a papillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 15–20 μm wide at the base, 30–40 μm wide in sides, comprising 5–8 layers, with heavily pigmented outer layer, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, with lighter cells towards the inside, with inner layer composed of 2–4 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Macroconidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macroconidiogenous cells enteroblastic with percurrent annellations, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Macroconidia 18–25 × 9–13 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 19.5 × 10.8 μm; n = 30), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 2–3-transversely septate, with one longitudinal septum, muriform, smooth, pale to dark brown. Microconidiogenous cells intermingled with macroconidiogenous cells, hyaline, discrete, enteroblastic with percurrently annellidic, ampulliform to subcylindrical. Microconidia 5–6.5 × 3.5–4.5 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 5.9 × 4.1 μm; n = 25), hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal, with a few small guttules. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, white at the centre, greenish grey towards margin, reverse greenish-grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium.

Materials examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Oktyabrsky District, Shakhty city, near Grushevsky pond, shelterbelt artificial forest, 47,7250642° N, 40,2564812° E, on Elaeagnus angustifolia (Elaeagnaceae), 18 May 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-051 (MFLU 17-0470, holotype, ex-type culture MFLUCC 14-0908 = CBS 143113); Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Higher Park, 47,2360559° N, 39, 6555591° N, on Elaeagnus angustifolia, 26 Mar. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-055, MFLU 17-0473, living culture MFLUCC 14-0911 = CBS 143114; Azov disctrict, Delta of Don river, riverside bushes of channel near Obukhovka village, 47,60741° N, 39,4726807° E, on Elaeagnus angustifolia, 8 May 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-061, MFLU 17-0474, living culture MFLUCC 14-0912 = CBS 143115; Rostov region, Shakhty city, 20^th anniversary of Red Army microdistrict, Balka Solenaya, 47,7089819° N, 40,2637768° E, on Elaeagnus angustifolia, 1 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-220, MFLU 15-1924; Krasnosulinsky district, Donskoye forestry, Kabanya Balka, 47,8672211° N, 40,247426° E, on Elaeagnus angustifolia, 18 Jun. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-511, MFLU 15-2215; Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University, Systematic Arboretum, parkland (47,2350724° N, 39,6541643° E), on Elaeagnus angustifolia, 28 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-813, MFLU 15-2956, living culture MFLUCC 17-0705; ibid. 30 May 2015 T-819, MFLU 15-2962, living culture MFLUCC 17-0707; ibid. 18 Feb. 2016 T-1186, MFLU 16-2382, living culture MFLUCC 17-0712; ibid. 14 Jun. 2016, T-NK067, MFLU 15-2962, living culture MFLUCC 17-0707.

Notes: In our phylogenetic analyses, 11 strains of Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola cluster together with 80 % ML and 84 % MP support (Subclade A6, Fig. 1). Ten of these isolations were collected on Elaeagnus angustifolia from Russia and one from Elaeagnus rhamnoides in Germany. Camarosporium elaeagnellum and Cm. elaeagni have also been found on Elaeagnus angustifolia from California, Canada and Ukraine (Farr & Rossman 2017). The relationship between these Camarosporium spp. with Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola cannot be investigated due to lack of morphological and molecular data for Camarosporium elaeagnellum and Cm. elaeagni. Thus, we introduce Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola as a new species.

Camarosporidiella elongata (Fr.) Wanas., Wijayaw. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821948; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03536.

Basionym: Sphaeria elongata Fr., Observationes mycologicae 1: 175. 1815.

Synonyms: Cucurbitaria elongata (Fr.) Grev., Scott. crypt. fl.: pl. 195. 1826.

Gibberidea elongata (Fr.) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 3: 481. 1898.

Note: See Mirza (1968) for further details on Camarosporidiella elongata (= Cucurbitaria elongata).

Camarosporidiella eufemiana Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821949; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03537. Fig. 10.

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Fig. 10

Camarosporidiella eufemiana (MFLU 16-0182, holotype) A. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. B. Section of ascoma. C. Pseudoparaphyses. D–F. Asci. G–I. Ascospores. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 5 μm; D–F = 20 μm; G–I = 10 μm.

Etymology: eufemiana, due to its occurrence in Santa Eufemia, Italy.

Saprobic on dead branches of Cytisus sp. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Sexual morph: Ascomata 350–400 μm high, 450–550 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 376.8 × 496.4 μm, n = 10), black, semi-erumpent to superficial, solitary or gregarious, globose, ostiolate. Ostiole short papillate central, slightly sunken, minute and inconspicuous at the surface, smooth, with ostiolar canal filled with hyaline to brown cells. Peridium 40–50 μm wide at the base, 40–70 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 6–8 layers, with heavily pigmented outer layer, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown elongated cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, with inner layer composed 2–3 layers, hyaline, flattened, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2.5–3.5 μm (n = 30) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 130–150 × 14–15 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 142.4 × 14.5 μm, n = 20), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, rounded at apex with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 20–25 × 10–12 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 21.9 × 10.3 μm, n = 30), overlapping uniseriate or sometimes biseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 3−5-transversely septate, with one longitudinal septum, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, asymmetrical, upper part wider than lower part, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 3 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin creamy to pale brown centre and dirty white towards the margin after 6 wk, reverse iron, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Material examined: Italy, Forlì-Cesena [FC], Premilcuore, Santa Eufemia, on dead aerial branches of Cytisus sp. (Fabaceae), 3 Jan. 2014, E. Camporesi IT1621 (MFLU 16-0182, holotype, ex-type culture MFLUCC 17-0207 = CBS 143116).

Notes: Camarosporidiella eufemiana morphologically resembles other sexual members in this genus in having similar asci and ascospore shapes. In the phylogenetic analyses, Ca. eufemiana groups as a sister taxon to Ca. elongata but with no statistical support (Subclade A4, Fig. 1). However, Ca. eufemiana is different from Ca. elongata in having longer asci (140–225 μm, Mirza 1968) with a long pedicel, while Ca. eufemiana has comparatively shorter asci (130–150 μm) with a short pedicel. Camarosporidiella laburni (= Cucurbitaria laburni) and Cucurbitaria spartii are also reported from Cytisus sp. (Mirza 1968). Camarosporidiella laburni (Subclade A3, Fig. 1) is phylogenetically distinct from Ca. eufemiana in this study. There is no molecular data available for Cucurbitaria spartii and its relationship to Camarosporidiella eufemiana cannot be resolved. However, Ca. eufemiana has shorter asci (130–150 μm) than Cucurbitaria spartii (150–240 μm, Mirza 1968).

Camarosporidiella halimodendri Wanas., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821950; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03538. Fig. 11.

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Fig. 11

Camarosporidiella halimodendri (MFLU 17-0463, holotype). A. Conidiomata on host surface. B. Vertical section through conidioma. C, D. Microconidia. E, F. Conidiogenous cells. G–L. Macroconidia. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 50 μm; D–F = 10 μm; G = 20 μm; H–L = 10 μm.

Etymology: Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Halimodendron.

Saprobic or weakly pathogenic on dead branches of Halimodendron halodendron. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 500–600 μm high, 350–600 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 480.4 × 496.7 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, unilocular, with a papillate ostiolate. Ostiole 100–200 μm long, 80–120 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 169.2 × 93.4 μm, n = 6), central, long, smooth, sometimes ostiolar canal filled with hyaline or pale brown cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 25–35 μm wide at the base, 35–45 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 5–6 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macroconidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Macroconidia 18–25 × 8–12 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 21.5 × 10.7 μm; n = 40), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, sometimes narrowly rounded ends, 4–6-transverse septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, with 2–4 oblique septa, muriform, smooth-walled, brown to dark brown. Microconidiogenous cells intermingled with macroconidiogenous cells, hyaline, discrete, enteroblastic with percurrent annellidic, ampulliform to subcylindrical. Microconidia 4.5–7.5 × 3.5–4.5 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.5 × 3.9 μm; n = 25), hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal, with a few small guttules. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, white, reverse cream-grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Materials examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Systematic Arboretum, 47,2360559° N, 39,6555591° E, on dying twigs and shrubs Halimodendron halodendron (Fabaceae), 8 May 2013, T.S. Bulgakov T-018 (MFLU 17-0463, holotype, ex-type culture, MFLUCC 14-0901 = CBS 143117); ibid. 26 Mar. 2014, T-041 (MFLU 17-0467, paratype, ex-paratype culture, MFLUCC 14-0905); Rostov Region, Shakhty city, near Grushevsky pond, stony steppe, 47,7237362° N, 39,2551937° E, on dead twigs of Caragana frutex (Fabaceae), 18 May 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-050, MFLU 17-0469, living culture MFLUCC 14-0907 = CBS 143118; Rostov Region, Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Systematic Arboretum, 47,2360559° N, 39,6555591° E, on dead twigs of Cytisus podolicus (Fabaceae), 8 May 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-066, MFLU 17-0476, living culture MFLUCC 14-0914; Rostov Region, Shakhty city, coal heap of former coal mine ‘Proletarian dictature’, 47,7104110° N, 40,2627254° E, on dead twigs of Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae), 21 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-419, MFLU 15-2123, living culture MFLUCC 17-0212 = CBS 143119.

Notes: Camarosporium halimi (12–16 × 9–13 μm, 2–3 transverse septa) has also been found on Halimodendron halodendron from Iran (Farr & Rossman 2017), but it has smaller conidia with fewer transverse septa (Saccardo 1906) compared to Camarosporidiella halimodendri (8–25 × 8–12 μm, 4–6 transverse septa). In this study, we refer six strains to Ca. halimodendri (Subclade A11, Fig. 1), which group together with 81 % ML, 74 % MP, 0.98 PP statistical support and share similar morphologies.

Camarosporidiella italica Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821951; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03539. Fig. 12.

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Fig. 12

Camarosporidiella italica (MFLU 16-0139, holotype). A. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. B. Section of ascoma. C. Closeup of ostiole. D. Pseudoparaphyses. E. Peridium. F–H. Asci. I–N. Ascospores. Scale bars: B = 100 μm; C, E, F–H = 20 μm; D, I–N = 10 μm.

Etymology: italica, due to its occurrence in Italy.

Saprobic on dead branches of Coronilla emerus. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–450 μm high, 550–600 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 436.2 × 457.8 μm, n = 10), black, immersed to semi-erumpent, solitary or gregarious, globose, with an ostiole comprising greenish grey setae. Ostiole 60–90 μm long, 30–45 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 76.2 × 36.4 μm, n = 6) central, short, slightly sunken, minute and inconspicuous on the surface, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline to brown cells. Peridium 20–30 μm wide at the base, 40–50 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 5–8 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown elongated cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 2–3 layers, hyaline, flattened, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 3.5–4.5 μm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 150–180 × 15–20 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 164.7 × 18.4 μm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 30–35 × 12–14 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 32.9 × 12.8 μm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate or sometimes overlapping biseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 6–8-transversely septate, with 2–3 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, asymmetrical, upper part wider than lower part, slightly paler ends, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 3 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin greenish grey after 6 wk, reverse greenish grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin.

Material examined: Italy, Forlì-Cesena [FC], Bagno di Romagna, Valgianna, on dead aerial twigs of Coronilla emerus (Fabaceae), 19 May 2013, E. Camporesi IT1283 (MFLU 16-0139, holotype, ex-type culture MFLUCC 13-0547).

Notes: Cucurbitaria coronillae, Cu. elongata and Cu. emeri are also recorded on Coronilla emerus (Munk, 1957, Mirza, 1968). These three species morphologically resemble Camarosporidiella italica with respect to their ascomata, peridium, asci and ascospore characters. Cucurbitaria emerus is different from Ca. italica in having diplodia-like uniseptate conidia. Cucurbitaria coronillae differs from Ca. italica in having much longer ascospores (> 30 μm) with 2–3 longitudinal septa while Cu. coronillae has comparatively shorter ascospores (< 27 μm) with one longitudinal septum. Cucurbitaria elongata differs from Ca. italica in having a prominently thicker perdium (100–180 μm) while Ca. italica has a peridium up to 50 μm wide.

Camarosporidiella laburni (Pers.) Wanas., Bulgakov, Camporesi & K.D. Hyde comb. nov. MycoBank MB821952; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03540. Fig. 13, Fig. 14.

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Fig. 13

Sexual morph of Camarosporidiella laburni (MFLU 16-0094). A. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. B. Section of ascoma. C. Peridium. D. Pseudoparaphyses. E–G. Asci. H–M. Ascospores. Scale bars: B = 100 μm; C = 50 μm; D, H–M = 10 μm; E–G = 20 μm.

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Fig. 14

Asexual morph of Camarosporidiella laburni (MFLU 17-0451). A. Conidiomata on host surface. B. Vertical section through conidioma. C, D. Conidiomatal wall. E, F. Conidiogenous cells. G–K. Conidia. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 100 μm; C = 50 μm; D = 20 μm; E–K = 10 μm.

Basionym: Sphaeria laburni Pers., Observ. mycol. 1: 68. 1796.

Synonyms: Cucurbitaria laburni (Pers.) De Not., Erb. critt. Ital., Ser. 1, fasc. 16: 875. 1862.

Gibberidea laburni (Pers.) Kuntze, Revisio generum plantarum 3: 481. 1898.

Camarosporium laburni Sacc. & Roum., Michelia 2: 630. 1882.

Saprobic on woody branches. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 300–350 μm high, 300–400 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 338.2 × 326.1 μm, n = 10), solitary to gregarious, black, immersed, unilocular, with an apapillate ostiole. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 20–30 μm wide at the base, 40–50 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 4–7 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 2–3 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 20–30 × 8–11 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 26.1 × 9.7 μm; n = 30), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 4–5-transversely septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, muriform, smooth-walled, initially hyaline, becoming blackish brown at maturity. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–550 μm high, 500–600 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 462.4 × 559.9 μm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate, with an ostiole. Ostiole central, short, slightly sunken, minute and inconspicuous at the surface, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 40–60 μm wide at the base, 90–120 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 10–12 layers, outermost layer heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of 3–4 layers, reddish brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2.5–3 μm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 160–190 × 12–16 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 176.3 × 14.8 μm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 27–32 × 10–12 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 30.4 × 11.1 μm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 6–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, asymmetrical, slightly paler ends, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, greenish grey after 6 wk, reverse greenish grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium.

Materials examined: Italy, Forlì-Cesena, Fiumicello di Premilcuore, on dead aerial branches of Laburnum anagyroides, 1 Jan. 2012, E. Camporesi, IT83, MFLU 16-0094, living culture MFLUCC 14−0919 = CBS 143121. Russia, Rostov Region, Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Systematic Arboretum, 47,2360559° N, 39,6555591° E, on dead twigs of Laburnum anagyroides (Fabaceae), 5 Mar. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-003, MFLU 17-0451, living culture MFLUCC 14-0885; Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical Garden of Southern Federal University, Systematic Arboretum, 47,2350733° N, 39,6541689° E, on Laburnum anagyroides, 30 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-811, MFLU 15-2954, living culture MFLUCC 17-0704 = CBS 143122; on Laburnum sp., 28 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-838, MFLU 15-2981, living culture MFLUCC 17-0709; Republic of Crimea, Feodosia city Municipality, Tepe-Oba ridge, artificial forest, 44,0108725° N, 35,3541327° E, on dead branches of Laburnum anagyroides, 23 Jun. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov CR029 (MFLU 17-1434, living culture MFLUCC 17-0751 = CBS 143120) ibid. CR032 (MFLU 17-1435, living culture MFLUCC 17-0752)

Notes: Camarosporidiella laburni (= Cucurbitaria laburni) was introduced by De Notaris (1862) for a collection from Italy. Our collection is also from Italy, which fits with the original description of Cm. laburni (De Notaris 1862) and the description of Mirza (1968). A comprehensive comparison of Cm. laburni with other species is given by Green (1931) and Mirza (1968), which is clearly different from the remaining described species in Cucurbitaria. By considering the continent, host and morphological evidence, we introduce DNA-based molecular data for Cm. laburni as Ca. laburni. Furthermore, in this study the strains (MFLUCC 14-0885, 17-0704, 17-0752, 17-0709, 17-0751, from conidia) cluster together with C. laburni (Subclade A3, Fig. 1) and we consider them belong to this species as the asexual morph. Camarosporidiella clematidis clusters in a subclade sister to Ca. laburni, but morphologically differs from Ca. laburni in having smaller conidia (10–17 × 7–9 μm) while Ca. laburni has comparatively larger conidia (20–30 × 8–11 μm).

Camarosporidiella laburnicola (R.H. Perera et al.) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821953; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03541.

Basionym: Camarosporium laburnicola R.H. Perera et al., Fungal Diversity 83: 97. 2017.

Illustrations: See Tibpromma et al. (2017).

Notes: Camarosporidiella laburnicola (Subclade A3, Fig. 1) was isolated from Laburnum anagyroides and is morphologically similar to Ca. arezzoensis, Ca. elongatum and Ca. uniseriatum. However, Ca. laburnicola differs from these taxa in having smaller asci and ascospores with different numbers of longitudinal and transverse septa (Tibpromma et al. 2017). Camarosporidiella laburnicola is nested in between Ca. laburni and Ca. clematidis, but this relationship is not supported (≥ 60 ML & MP and ≥ 0.95 PP, Clade A3, Fig. 1). Camarosporidiella laburnicola is morphologically similar to Ca. laburni in ascomata, asci and ascospore characters. However, Camarosporidiella laburni differs from Ca. laburnicola in having much larger asci (160–190 × 12–16 μm) and ascospores (27–32 × 10–12 μm) while Ca. laburnicola has comparatively smaller asci (125–150 × 9–11 μm) and ascospores (15–21 × 6–8 μm).

Camarosporidiella mackenziei Wanas., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde sp. nov. MycoBank MB821954; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03542. Fig. 15.

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Fig. 15

Camarosporidiella mackenziei (MFLU 17-0449, holotype). A. Conidiomata on host surface. B. Vertical section through conidioma. C. Conidiomatal wall. D. Microconidia. E–G. Conidiogenous cells forming conidia. H–L. Macro conidia. Scale bars: B = 100 μm; C, D = 50 μm; E–L = 10 μm.

Etymology: In honour of Dr. Eric Hugh Charles Mckenzie for his immense contribution to mycology.

Necrotrophic on dying branches of Caragana arborescens. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 450–550 μm high, 500–600 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 408.4 × 569.5 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed to semi-erumpent, unilocular, with a papillate ostiolate. Ostiole 120–160 μm long, 80–90 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 140.1 × 66.7 μm, n = 10), central, long, smooth, sometimes ostiolar canal filled with hyaline or pale brown cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 40–50 μm wide at the base, 40–55 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 4–6 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macroconidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Macroconidia 17–25 × 9–13 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 19.6 × 11.1 μm; n = 50), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, sometimes narrowly rounded ends, 3–4-transversely septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, muriform, smooth-walled, brown to dark brown. Microconidiogenous cells intermingled with macroconidiogenous cells, hyaline, integrated, enteroblastic with percurrent annellidic, ampulliform to subcylindrical. Microconidia 6.5–8 × 4–6 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 7.6 × 4.5 μm; n = 20), hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal, with small guttules. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, greenish grey, reverse greenish grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Materials examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Oktyabrsky district, natural sanctuary (Persianovskaya preserved steppe), shelterbelt artificial forest, 47,5036056° N, 40,1545572° E, on dying twigs and shrubs of Caragana arborescens (Fabaceae), 26 Apr. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-001 (MFLU 17-0449, holotype, ex-type culture, MFLUCC 14-0883 = CBS 143123); ibid. T-011 (MFLU 17-0457, paratype, ex-paratype culture, MFLUCC 14-0893 = CBS 143124). ibid. 47,2350724° N, 39,6541643° E, 28 May 2015, T-810, MFLU 15-2953, paratype, ex-paratype living culture MFLUCC 17-0703.

Notes: Camarosporidiella caraganicola has also been collected from Caragana spp. and resembles Ca. mackenziei in conidial dimensions (13–26 × 6–13 μm; Liu et al. 2015) and shape. However, they are phylogenetically apart (Subclades A7 and A12 respectively, Fig. 1).

The affiliation of Ca. mackenziei with Camarosporidiella sp. (CPC 25960, CPC 25962) cannot be compared as no details are available for these isolations (Subclade A12, Fig. 1). All the three strains of C. mackenziei in Subclade A12 (Fig. 1) are from the same locality and host. There are slight differences in their DNA sequence data and there could be a probability that they constitute a species complex. Perhaps more collections from different regions/hosts can further clarify their taxonomy in future studies. We reiterate, however, that morphologically they are similar and hence we consider them as one species.

Camarosporidiella melnikii Wanas., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821955; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03543. Fig. 16.

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Fig. 16

Camarosporidiella melnikii (MFLU 17-2022, holotype). A, B. Conidiomata on host surface. C. Vertical section through conidiomata. D, E. Conidiogenous cells forming conidia. F. Macro- and micro-conidia. G–L. Macroconidia. Scale bars: A = 500 μm; B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D–E = 5 μm; F = 10 μm; G–L = 5 μm.

Etymology: In honour of Vadim Alexandrovich Mel'nik (March 16, 1937 – April 10, 2017) for his immense contribution to mycology.

Necrotrophic on dying branches of Caragana frutex. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 350–550 μm high, 300–500 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 457.7 × 393.1 μm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, globose, ostiolate. Ostiole central, short, slightly sunken, minute, inconspicuous on surface, smooth, with ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Ostiole 120–180 μm long, 70–90 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 150.1 × 82.7 μm, n = 10), central, long, smooth, sometimes ostiolar canal filled with hyaline or pale brown cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 40–50 μm wide at the base, 40–75 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 4–8 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 2–4 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macroconidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Macroconidia 11–16 × 5–6 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 13.3 × 5.5 μm; n = 50), oblong, straight, rounded at both ends, sometimes narrowly rounded ends, 2–3-transversely septate, without longitudinal septa, smooth-walled, initially hyaline, becoming brown to dark brown at maturity. Microconidiogenous cells intermingled with macroconidiogenous cells, hyaline, integrated, enteroblastic with percurrent annellidic, ampulliform to subcylindrical. Microconidia 7–12 × 4–7 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 9.6 × μm; n = 20), hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal, with small guttules. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, creamy, reverse pale brown, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Material examined: Russia, Rostov region, Shakhty city, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, Grushevka steppe slopes near Grushevsky Pond, 47, 7234186° N, 40, 255065° E, on dead aerial branches of Caragana frutex (Fabaceae), 12 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-318, MFLU 15-2022, holotype, ex-type living culture MFLUCC 17-0684).

Notes: Camarosporidiella melnikii is an independent taxon (sister to Ca. caraganicola isolates) and segregates from others with high statistical support (Subclade A7, Fig. 1). Ca. melnikii has smaller conidia (11–16 × 5–6 μm) without longitudinal septa, while Camarosporidiella caraganicola has comparatively larger conidia (13–26 × 6–13 μm; Liu et al. 2015) with longitudinal septa. Camarosporidiella melnikii also resembles Ca. celtidis in having 2–3-transversely septate conidia, without longitudinal septa, but phylogeny herein supports their distinction (Subclades A7 and A5 respectively, Fig. 1).

Camarosporidiella mirabellensis Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821956; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03544. Fig. 17.

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Fig. 17

Camarosporidiella mirabellensis (MFLU 16-0228, holotype). A. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. B. Section of ascoma. C. Peridium. D. Pseudoparaphyses. E–G. Asci. H–L. Ascospores. Scale bars: B = 100 μm; C = 50 μm; D = 5 μm; E–G = 20 μm; H–L = 10 μm.

Etymology: mirabellensis, due to its occurrence in Monte Mirabello, Italy.

Saprobic on woody branches. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Sexual morph: Ascomata 300–350 μm high, 500–550 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 323.9 × 523.3 μm, n = 10), black, immersed to semi-erumpent, solitary or gregarious, broadly oblong, cupulate when dry. Peridium 50–80 μm wide at the base, 60–90 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 8–10 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown elongated cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer composed of 2–3 layers, hyaline, flattened, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5–2 μm (n = 30) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 140–170 × 12–16 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 158.8 × 13.7 μm, n = 30), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 22–27 × 9–11 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 24.8 × 9.9 μm, n = 40), overlapping uniseriate or sometimes overlapping biseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 3–5-transversely septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, asymmetrical, slightly paler ends, conical and narrowed at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 3 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin dirty white after 6 wk, reverse creamy, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium.

Material examined: Italy, Forlì-Cesena [FC], Predappio, Monte Mirabello, on dead aerial branches of Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae), 3 Oct. 2014, E. Camporesi IT 2139 (MFLU 16-0228, holotype).

Notes: Unfortunately, we could not manage to maintain a living culture as subsequent attempts to subculture failed, and hence a living culture is unavailable. Camarosporidiella elongata and Ca. spartii have also been reported on Robinia pseudoacacia and morphologically resemble our new collection of Ca. mirabellensis in their ascomata, peridium, asci and ascospore characteristics (Mirza 1968). However, Ca. mirabellensis differs from Ca. elongata and Ca. spartii in having ascospores with fewer transverse septa (< 5). In multi-gene phylogenetic analyses, Ca. mirabellensis, Ca. eufemiana and Ca. premilcurensis are more closely related (Subclade A4, Fig. 1). We must point out that despite not having sufficient phylogenetic differences, we consider them morphologically different in terms of spore shape, structure and septation. While Ca. mirabellensis has pointed ends and more than one longitudinal septum, Ca. eufemiana has much more rounded ends with one longitudinal septum. Camarosporidiella premilcurensis, on the other hand, has larger asci, and more transverse septa. Therefore, we introduce Ca. mirabellensis as a novel species in order to minimize taxonomic ambiguity of Camarosporidiella.

Camarosporidiella moricola (Chethana et al.) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821957; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03545.

Basionym: Camarosporium moricola Chethana et al., Fungal Diversity 83: 101. 2017.

Illustrations: See Tibpromma et al. (2017).

Materials examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Shakhty city, railroad artificial forest near Kazyonny pond, 47,7532324° N, 40,208931° E, on Morus alba (Moraceae), 26 Feb. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-004, MFLU 17-0452, living culture MFLUCC 14-0886; ibid. Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Higher Park, underwood, 47,2336592° N, 39,6593893° E, 26 Mar. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-015, MFLU 17-0461, living culture MFLUCC 14−0898; ibid. Shakhty city, Atyukhta River valley, Volchya Balka, 47,7122088° N, 40,1836753° E, 5 Jul. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-232, MFLU 15-1936; ibid. Shakhty city, Cotton Fabric urban microdistrict, Grushevka steppe slopes near Grushevsky Pond, 47,7234186° N, 40,255065° E, 30 Apr. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-265, MFLU 15-1969, living culture MFLUCC 17-0680; ibid. 14 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-371, MFLU 15-2075, living culture MFLUCC 17-0687; ibid. Krasnosulinsky district, Donskoye forestry, Kabanya Balka, 47,8672211° N, 40,247426° E, 18 Jun. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-518, MFLU 15-2222, living culture MFLUCC 17-0694; ibid. Krasnosulinsky district, Donskoye forestry, artificial forest plantation, 47,8547249° N, 40,2318907° E, 18 Jun. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-856, MFLU 15-2999, living culture MFLUCC 17-0711; ibid., 1 Mar. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov T-1233, MFLU 16-1527, living culture MFLUCC 17-0714 = CBS 143125; ibid. 1 Mar. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov T-1332, MFLU 16-1626, living culture MFLUCC 17-0718 = CBS 143126; ibid. 24 Mar. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov T-1345, MFLU 16-1639, living culture MFLUCC 17-0719; ibid. 14 Mar. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov T-1476, MFLU 16-1770, living culture MFLUCC 17-0725.

Notes: Tibpromma et al. (2017) introduced Camarosporidiella moricola (= Camarosporium moricola) with three isolates, which were collected from Morus alba in Russia. In this study, we add another 12 strains to Camarosporidiella moricola (Subclade A1, Fig. 1) which were also collected from Morus alba in Russia. See more details in Tibpromma et al. (2017).

Camarosporidiella premilcurensis Wanas., Camporesi & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821958; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03546. Fig. 18.

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Fig. 18

Camarosporidiella premilcurensis (MFLU 16-0185, holotype). A. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. B. Section of ascoma. C. Close-up of ostiole. D. Peridium. E. Pseudoparaphyses. F–H. Asci. I–N. Ascospores. Scale bars: B = 100 μm; C, D = 50 μm; E = 5 μm; F–H = 20 μm; I–N = 10 μm.

Etymology: premilcurensis, due to its occurrence in Premilcuore, Italy.

Saprobic on Cytisus sp. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Sexual morph: Ascomata 400–450 μm high, 500–600 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 442.1 × 531.7 μm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate, with an apapillate ostiole. Ostiole central, short, slightly sunken, minute and inconspicuous at the surface, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 30–50 μm wide at the base, 60–90 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 8–15 layers, outermost layer heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of 3–4 layers, reddish brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2.5–3.5 μm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 160–210 × 14–16 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 181.1 × 15 μm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 22–27 × 10–12 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 24.7 × 10.9 μm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 5–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, asymmetrical, slightly paler, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, creamy after 6 wk, reverse greenish grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Material examined: Italy, Forlì-Cesena [FC], Premilcuore, Fantella, on dead aerial twigs of Cytisus sp. (Fabaceae), 28 Jan. 2014, E. Camporesi, IT1681 (MFLU 16-0185, holotype, ex-type culture MFLUCC 14−0939 = CBS 143127).

Notes: Camarosporidiella laburni has also been collected from the same host genus, Cytisus (Farr & Rossman 2017) and morphologically resembles Ca. premilcurensis in having similar ascomata, peridium, asci and ascospore characters. However, Ca. laburni has longer ascospores (> 27 μm) and a thicker peridium (> 100 μm), while Ca. premilcurensis has comparatively shorter ascospores (< 27 μm) and thinner peridium (> 90 μm). Camarosporidiella premilcurensis (Subclade A4, Fig. 1) is also phylogenetically distant from Ca. laburni and the latter appears to be more closely related to Ca. laburnicola and Ca. clematidis (Subclade A3, Fig. 1).

Camarosporidiella robiniicola (Wijayaw. et al.) Wijayaw., Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821959; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03547.

Basionym: Camarosporium robiniicola Wijayaw. et al., Phytotaxa 183: 21. 2014.

Synonym: Camarosporium aureum Norphanphoun et al., Fungal Diversity 72: 153. 2015.

Illustrations: See Wijayawardane et al. (2014a) and Liu et al. (2015).

Additional material examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Krasnosulinsky District, Donskoye forestry, artificial forest, 47,8621251° N, 40,2313757° E, on dead twigs of Gleditsia triacanthos (Fabaceae), 21 May 2013, T.S. Bulgakov T-042, MFLU 17-0468, living culture MFLUCC 14-0906 = CBS 143130; Rostov Region, Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Higher Park, 47, 2352837° N, 39, 6490788° E, on dead twigs of Gleditsia triacanthos, 14 May 2013, T.S. Bulgakov T-010, MFLU 17-0456, living culture MFLUCC 14-0892 = CBS 143128; Rostov region, Shakhty city, Atyukhta river valley, railroad artificial forest, 47,7113209° N, 40,1831603° E, on Robinia neomexicana (Fabaceae), 14 Mar. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-012, MFLU 17-0458, living culture MFLUCC 14-0894 = CBS 143129; Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Higher Park, 47,2389405° N, 39,6484137° E, on Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae), 8 May 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-053, MFLU 17-0471, living culture MFLUCC 14-0909 = CBS 143131; Shakhty city, 20^th anniversary of Red Army microdistrict, Solyonaya Balka, 47,7104113° N, 340,2627254° E, on Robinia pseudoacacia, 21 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-403, MFLU 15-2104, living culture MFLUCC 17-0688; ibid., on Robinia sp., 21 May 2016, T.S. Bulgakov T-1303, MFLU 16-1597, living culture MFLUCC 17-0688 = CBS 143132; ibid., on Robinia sp., 5 Jun. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov DL004, MFLU 16-2300, living culture MFLUCC 17-0733.

Notes: All strains of Camarosporidiella robiniicola (including the strain of Ca. aureum, MFLUCC 14-0620) cluster together with significant statistical support of 97 % for ML, 88 % for MP and 1.00 for PP (Clade A2, Fig. 1). Morphological comparison reveals identical morphs and our phylogeny strongly supports an association of Ca. aureum with other strains of Ca. robiniicola. Therefore, it would be taxonomically correct to treat them as conspecific. We herein synonymise Camarosporium aureum under Ca. robiniicola. See Liu et al. (2015) for more details on Camarosporium aureum.

Camarosporidiella schulzeri Wanas., Bulgakov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821960; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03548. Fig. 19.

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Fig. 19

Camarosporidiella schulzeri (MFLU 17-0460, holotype). A. Conidiomata on host surface. B. Vertical section through conidioma. C. Close-up of ostiole. D. Microconidia. E. Conidiogenous cells. F–I. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 100 μm; C = 50 μm; D, E = 20 μm; F–I = 10 μm.

Etymology: Named after Stephan V.M. Schulzer, who introduced the genus Camarosporium.

Necrotrophic on dying branches of Elaeagnus angustifolia. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 370–420 μm high, 380–460 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 366.4 × 420.7 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, immersed or partly erumpent, unilocular, ostiolate. Ostiole 50–80 μm long, 50–70 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 67.2 × 60.4 μm, n = 6), central, long, smooth, sometimes ostiolar canal filled with hyaline or pale brown cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 15–25 μm wide at the base, 25–35 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 4–5 layers, with heavily pigmented outer layer, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, with lighter cells towards the inside, with inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macroconidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Macroconidia 15–21 × 8–12 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 18.9 × 10.1 μm; n = 40), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 2–3-transversely septate, with one longitudinal septum, muriform, smooth-walled, brown to dark brown. Microconidiogenous cells intermingled with macroconidiogenous cells, hyaline, integrated, enteroblastic, annellidic, ampulliform to subcylindrical. Microconidia 4.5–6.5 × 4.5–5.5 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 5.9 × 4.9 μm; n = 25), hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal, with a few small guttules. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, white, reverse cream-grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Materials examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Rostov-on-Don city, Botanical garden of Southern Federal University, Higher Park, underwood, 47,2360559° N, 39,6555591° E, on Elaeagnus angustifolia (Fabaceae), 26 Mar. 2014, T.S. Bulgakov T-014 (MFLU 17-0460, holotype, ex-type culture, MFLUCC 14-0897 = CBS 143133); Oktyabrsky district, south of Persianovsky settlement, Balka Khoruli (Khoruli gully), 47,5036926° N, 40,1241732° E, on Gleditsia triacanthos, 28 Apr. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-205, MFLU 15-1909; ibid., on Robinia sp., 14 Mar. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov T-1305, MFLU 16-1599, living culture MFLUCC 17-0722; ibid., on Robinia sp., 24 Mar. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov T-1370, MFLU 16-1664, living culture MFLUCC 17-0722.

Notes: The holotype of Camarosporidiella schulzeri was collected from Elaeagnus angustifolia, and Camarosporium caraganae (conidia 14–22 × 9–12 μm), Ca. elaeagnicola (21–23 × 8–10 μm), Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola (18–25 × 9–13 μm) and Ca. arezzoensis (22–30 × 8–10 μm) have also been reported from Elaeagnus (Farr & Rossman 2017, this study). Camarosporidiella elaeagnicola and Ca. arezzoensis are also positioned in different subclades (Subclades A6 and A8 respectively, Fig. 1) and this provides additional support to justify their species status. The relationship between Camarosporium caraganae and Ca. elaeagnicola with Camarosporidiella schulzeri cannot be investigated due to lack of molecular data for Camarosporium caraganae and Ca. elaeagnicola.

Camarosporidiella spartii (Trail) Wijayaw., Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821961; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03549.

Basionym: Camarosporium spartii Trail, Scott. Natural., N.S. 3 (“9”): 222. 1888.

Illustrations: See Wijayawardane et al. (2014a).

Note: This species is located basal in Subclade A4 (Fig. 1).

Coniothyriaceae W.B. Cooke, Revista de Biol. 12: 289. 1983 (“1980–1983”).

Type genus: Coniothyrium Corda.

Staurosphaeria Rabenh., Bot. Ztg. 16(40): 303. 1858. MycoBank MB5186; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03550.

Synonym: Hazslinszkyomyces Crous & R.K. Schumach, IMA Fungus 8: 143. 2017.

Necrotrophic or saprobic on dead branches. Asexual morph: Conidiomata solitary, globose, dark brown, immersed, erumpent, globose, with central ostiole; ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells; conidiomatal wall of 6–8 layers of dark brown textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Macroconidiogenous cells hyaline, smooth, doliiform, proliferating percurrently at apex. Macroconidia solitary, ellipsoid, smooth, red-brown, with central transverse septum, becoming muriformly septate. Microconidial cells intermingled with macroconidial cells, hyaline, integrated, proliferating percurrently at apex, subcylindrical. Microconidia hyaline, globose to ellipsoid, smooth, aseptate. Sexual morph: cucurbitaria-like. Ascomata black, superficial to semi-immersed, gregarious, confluent, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, globose, black, ostiolate. Ostiole central, short. Peridium composed of blackish to dark brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, composed of thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate. Ascospores overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 4–6-transversely septate, with 1–2 vertical septa, constricted at middle septum, initially hyaline, becoming brown at maturity, slightly paler, conical and narrow at the ends.

Type species: Staurosphaeria lycii Rabenh.

Staurosphaeria lycii Rabenh., Bot. Ztg. 16(40): 303. 1858. Facesoffungi number: FoF 03551. Fig. 20, Fig. 21.

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Fig. 20

Staurosphaeria lycii (HAL, lectotype). A. Conidiomata on host surface. B, C. Conidiogenous cells. D, E. Macroconidia. F. Microconidia. Scale bars: A = 500 μm, E–F = 10 μm.

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Fig. 21

Staurosphaeria lycii (MFLU 15-1993, epitype). A–C. Conidiomata on host surface. D. Vertical section through conidioma. E, F. Microconidiogenous cells and microconidia. G, H. Macroconidiogenous cells. I–N. Macro conidia. Scale bars: A = 1 mm, B = 500 μm; C, D = 100 μm; E–N = 5 μm.

Necrotrophic on dead branches of Lycium barbarum. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 500–600 μm high, 500–650 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 570.4 × 567.5 μm, n = 10), solitary, black, immersed or partly erumpent, unilocular, ostiolate. Ostiole 150–200 μm long, 200–250 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 170.2 × 235.4 μm, n = 6), central, long, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Pycnidial wall multi-layered, 20–25 μm wide at the base, 25–30 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 4–5 layers, with heavily pigmented outer layer, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark reddish-brown cells of textura angularis, with lighter cells towards the inside, with inner layer composed of 1–2 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Macroconidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and formed from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Macroconidia 11–16 × 9–11 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 13.1 × 10.1 μm; n = 40), globose to oblong, rounded at both ends, 1–2-transversely septate, with one longitudinal septum, muriform, smooth-walled, brown to dark brown. Microconidiogenous cells intermingled with macroconidiogenous cells, hyaline, integrated, enteroblastic, annellidic, ampulliform to subcylindrical. Microconidia 3.5–6.5 × 3.5–4.5 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 5.1 × 4 μm; n = 25), hyaline, round to oblong or ellipsoidal, with a few small guttules. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, white, reverse creamy grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Material examined: Germany, Dresden, on dry branches of Lycium barbarum (lectotype designated here, Rabenh., Klotzschii Herb. Viv. Mycol., Ed. nov., Ser. Prima, Cent. VIII, No. 736, in HAL). Russia, Rostov Region, Shakhty city, coal heap of former coal mine “Proletarian dictature”, 47,7104113° N, 40,2627254° E, on dying and dead twigs of Lycium barbarum (Solanaceae), 21 May 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-289 (MFLU 15-1993, epitype designated here, MBT377706, ex-type culture, MFLUCC 17-0210 = CBS 143140); ibid., T-418 (MFLU 15-2122, living culture MFLUCC 17-0211 = CBS 143141).

Notes: The type species has very characteristic red-brown conidia, developing a transverse septum, and later vertical septa, dividing the conidium into four compartments. It is distinct from Camarosporium s. str. in that conidia in the latter are unevenly pigmented (pale brown at ends), and multi-septate, lacking a microconidial morph as observed in conidiomata of Staurosphaeria. It was in the past assumed that Staurosphaeria and Karstenula (Didymosphaeriaceae) are congeneric. However, the type species, K. rhodostoma, has been linked to the asexual morph Microdiplodia frangulae (Constantinescu 1993), so the generic synonymy with Staurosphaeria seems rather unlikely.

Other accepted species

Staurosphaeria aloes (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821962; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03552.

Basionym: Camarosporium aloes Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 31: 247. 2013.

Synonym: Hazslinszkyomyces aloes (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, IMA Fungus 8: 143. 2017.

Illustrations and material examined: See Crous et al. (2013).

Staurosphaeria aptrootii (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821963; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03553.

Basionym: Hazslinszkyomyces aptrootii Crous, IMA Fungus 8: 143. 2017.

Illustrations and material examined: See Crous & Groenewald (2017).

Staurosphaeria lyciicola (Crous & R.K. Schumach.) Crous, Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, nom. nov. MycoBank MB821964; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03554.

Basionym: Hazslinszkyomyces lycii Crous & R.K. Schumach., IMA Fungus 8: 144. 2017.

Illustrations and material examined: See Crous & Groenewald (2017).

Staurosphaeria rhamnicola Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821965; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03555. Fig. 22.

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Fig. 22

Staurosphaeria rhamnicola (TASM 6102, holotype). A, B. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. C. Section of ascoma. D. Peridium. E. Pseudoparaphyses. F–I. Asci. J–O. Ascospores. Scale bars: C = 100 μm; D, F–I = 20 μm, E, J–O = 10 μm.

Etymology: Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Rhamnus.

Saprobic on dead branches of Rhamnus sp. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–400 μm high, 250–350 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 320.4 × 296.8 μm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, sometimes scattered beneath the host periderm or on decorticated wood, fully or partly erumpent, globose, uniloculate, with an ostiole. Ostiole central, short, slightly sunken, minute and inconspicuous at the surface, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 25–40 μm wide at the base, 30–50 μm wide in sides, thick, comprising 8–12 layers, outermost layer heavily pigmented, thin-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown amorphous layer, middle layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising blackish to dark brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis, inner layer composed of 3–4 layers, reddish brown to hyaline, cells towards the inside lighter, flattened, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2.5–3 μm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 170–200 × 16–22 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 186.2 × 18.4 μm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 26–32 × 12–14 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 30.4 × 13.1 μm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 5–6-transversely septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, asymmetrical, slightly paler ends, conical and narrowly rounded at the ends, not surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, creamy after 6 wk, reverse iron, flat on the surface, with aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Material examined: Uzbekistan, Surxondaryo Province, Sherobod District, Oqtosh village on dead twigs of Rhamnus sp. (Rhamnaceae), 12 May 2016, Y. Gafforov, YG-S4-4D (TASM 6102, holotype); ibid., (MFLU 17-0183, isotype, ex-isotype culture MFLUCC 17-0814) ibid., YG-S4-5 (TASM 6101 = MFLU 17-0182, paratype, ex-paratype culture, MFLUCC 17-0813).

Notes: Staurosphaeria rhamnicola morphologically resembles Camarosporidiella arezzoensis, Ca. eufemiana, Ca. italica, Ca. laburni, Ca. mirabellensis, Ca. premilcurensis and Neocucurbitaria acerina in having similar ascomata, peridium, asci and ascospore characters. However, they are phylogenetically distant from Staurosphaeria rhamnicola (Clade B, Fig. 1).

Neocamarosporiaceae Wanas., Wijayaw., Crous & K.D. Hyde, fam. nov. MycoBank MB821966; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03556.

Etymology: Referring to the name of the type genus.

Saprobic on leaves and wood. Asexual morph: Conidiomata immersed, becoming erumpent, globose, brown to black, ostiolate. Ostiole papillate, central. Conidiomata wall composed of thin-walled, brown cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells proliferating several times percurrently near apex, ampulliform to doliiform, separate, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia solitary, initially hyaline, aseptate, developing initially a central septum and then becoming muriform, variable from globose to obovoid to ellipsoid, golden brown, finely roughened, thick-walled. Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, with an apapillate ostiole. Ostiole central, short, erect or slightly sunken, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium thin, comprising blackish to brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical-clavate to cylindrical, pedicellate, rounded at apex, with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores uniseriately overlapping, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 5–7-transversely septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, rounded at both ends, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Type genus: Neocamarosporium Crous & M.J. Wingf.

Notes: Ariyawansa et al. (2015c) and Wijayawardene et al. (2016) treated Neocamarosporium as a genus in Pleosporaceae, but in our analyses four Neocamarosporium species, three new camarosporium-like taxa and a pleospora-like taxon also group with Coniothyrium obiones, Dimorphosporicola tragani, N. chersinae, N. chichastianum, N. goegapense, Pleospora chenopodii, P. halimiones, P. calvescens, P. betae and Phoma betae (which represent phoma-like and ascochyta-like asexual morphs fide de Gruyter et al. 2012) and reside in a distinct clade (Clade D, Fig. 1) in Pleosporineae with high bootstrap support (95 % and 79 % in ML and MP analyses respectively) and high PP value (1.00). This clade (Clade D) is distinct from Pleosporaceae sensu stricto which comprises Pleospora sensu stricto (= Stemphylium, see Woudenberg et al. 2017), the type genus. Therefore, Neocamarosporiaceae fam. nov. is introduced for Clade D based on morphology and multi-gene phylogeny.

The family Neocamarosporiaceae is somewhat similar to the Pleosporaceae, but differs in several respects. The characteristics of the ascomatal wall are distinctly different from each other. Pleosporaceae species have a thick peridium with several hyaline and pigmented cell layers, while Neocamarosporiaceae species have a thin peridium with only 2–3 pigmented cell layers and lack hyaline cell layers.

Ariyawansa et al. (2015c) mentioned that the asexual morphs of Pleosporaceae can be coelomycetous or hyphomycetous. Apart from Neocamarosporium (ascochyta-like, camarosporium-like and phoma-like) no other Pleosporaceae species produce a coelomycetous asexual morph. Therefore, it would appear that hyphomycetous asexual morphs are specific to Pleosporaceae. Therefore, by considering the sexual morph and asexual morph differences together with molecular support obtained herein with Neocamarosporiaceae in clade D, we believe that it would taxonomically be more appropriate to establish a new family to accommodate these species in Pleosporineae.

It is interesting to note that the species which were collected from marine to saline habitats, and produce muriform conidia, i.e. Neocamarosporium chersinae, N. chichastianum and N. salicorniicola cluster together as a subclade in clade D (Fig. 1), but could not be segregated from Dimorphosporicola tragani and Coniothyrium obiones based on our phylogenetic analyses. However, DNA sequence data of Coniothyrium obiones (CBS 453.68) analysed herein is an unverified sequence as it is not from the type material. Given that the relationship between the Coniothyrium obiones and other taxa is undetermined, we keep CBS 453.68 as “Coniothyrium” obiones for now. Dimorphosporicola tragani is different to other taxa in Neocamarosporium in conidial morphology and habitat. Consequently, it would appropriate to retain Dimorphosporicola as a separate genus in Neocamarosporiaceae. Furthermore, some of the Neocamarosporium spp. (e.g. N. chichastianum) have only ITS sequence data and it would be wise to consider or evaluate the utility of several other genes such as large subunit nrDNA (28S, LSU), small subunit nrDNA (18S, SSU), or translation elongation factor alpha 1 (tef1-α) to further elucidate phylogenetic relationships among this clade of fungi with more fresh collections.

Neocamarosporium Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 32: 273. 2014. emend.

Saprobic on leaves and wood. Asexual morph: See Crous et al. (2014b). Sexual morph: Ascomata superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, fully or partly erumpent, globose, with an apapillate ostiole. Ostiole central, short, erect or slightly sunken, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium thin, comprising blackish to brown loosely packed cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, filamentous, branched septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical-clavate to cylindrical, pedicellate, apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, 5–7-transversely septate, with 1–2-longitudinal septa, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, rounded at both ends, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Type species: Neocamarosporium goegapense Crous & M.J. Wingf.

Notes: The genus Neocamarosporium was introduced by Crous et al. (2014b) based on Neocamarosporium goegapense from South Africa, which is morphologically similar to the genus Camarosporium with its pycnidial conidiomata, hyaline, percurrently proliferating conidiogenous cells, and brown, muriform conidia (Crous et al. 2014b). Currently there are 25 strains that cluster in Neocamarosporium, representing 11 species (in this study). Also, a further three strains which was introduced by Grum-Grzhimaylo et al. (2016) and six strains which were collected from marine to saline habitats in Iran, group here as Neocamarosporium sp. In this study, we introduce Neocamarosporium korfii, N. lamiacearum (first sexual record), N. salicorniicola and N. salsolae as new species in Neocamarosporium.

Accepted species in Neocamarosporium

Neocamarosporium betae (Berl.) Ariyawansa & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 71: 119. 2015.

Basionym: Pyrenophora echinella var. betae Berl.: 208. 1888.

Synonyms: Phoma betae A.B. Frank, Z. Rübenzucker-Ind.: 905. 1892.

Pleospora betae Björl., Botaniska Notiser 1944: 218. 1944.

Neocamarosporium calvescens (Fr. ex Desm.) Ariyaw. & K.D. Hyde, Fungal Diversity 71: 120. 2015.

Basionym: Sphaeria calvescens Fr., Sclerom. Suec.: no. 401. 1822.

Synonyms: Pleospora calvescens (Fr. ex Desm.) Tul. & C. Tul., Selecta Fungorum Carpologia, Tomus Secundus. Xylariei - Valsei - Sphaeriei 2: 266. 1863.

Neocamarosporium chenopodii (Ellis & Kellerm.) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821967; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03557.

Basionym: Phloeospora chenopodii Ellis & Kellerm., Journal of Mycology 4 (2–3): 26. 1888.

Synonyms: Pleospora chenopodii (Ellis & Kellerm.) Gruyter & Redhead, Index Fungorum 205: 1. 2014.

Neocamarosporium chersinae Crous, IMA Fungus 8: 146. 2017.

Illustrations and material examined: See Crous & Groenewald (2017).

Neocamarosporium goegapense Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 32: 273. 2014.

Illustrations and material examined: See Crous et al. (2014b).

Neocamarosporium obiones (Jaap) Wanas. & K.D. Hyde, comb. nov. MycoBank MB821968; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03558.

Basionym: Diplodina obiones Jaap, Verh. bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenb. 47: 96. 1905.

Synonyms: Ascochyta obiones (Jaap) P.K. Buchanan, Mycol. Pap. 156: 28. 1987.

Pleospora halimiones Gruyter & Verkley, Stud. Mycol. 75: 25. 2012.

Neocamarosporium korfii Wanas., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821969; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03559. Fig. 23.

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Fig. 23

Neocamarosporium korfii (MFLU 17-1436, holotype). A. Appearance of conidiomata. B. Vertical section of conidioma. C, D. Conidiogenous cells. E–J. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 50 μm; C, D = 10 μm; E–J = 5 μm.

Etymology: In honour of Prof. Richard Paul “Dick” Korf (May 28, 1925 – August 20, 2016) for his immense contribution to mycology.

Saprobic on dead stems. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 130–200 μm high, 160–220 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 161.7 × 178.9 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, superficial, unilocular. Ostiole inconspicuous. Pycnidial wall 12–20 μm wide, comprising 3–5 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and originated from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 12–18 × 8–10 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 14.3 × 9.4 μm; n = 30), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 1–3-transversely septate, with 1–2 longitudinal septa, muriform, smooth-walled, dark brown, guttulated. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 3 cm diam after 3 wk at 16 °C, powdery, circular, smooth margin, greenish brown, reverse dark brown.

Material examined: Russia, Republic of Crimea, Feodosia city Municipality, Karadag State Nature Reserve, 44,9145837°N, 35, 2025127°E, on dead branches of Bassia prostrata (Amaranthaceae), 23 Jun. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov CR006 (MFLU 17-1436 holotype, ex-type culture MFLUCC 17-0745 = CBS 143135).

Notes: Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1), our strain of Neocamarosporium korfii segregates from N. lamiacearum, but this subclade is not supported in the phylogenetic analyses (Clade D, Fig. 1). Neocamarosporium korfii is morphologically similar to N. salsolae and N. salicorniicola in conidiomatal characteristics and conidial shape. However, these species are phylogenetically distinct (Clade D, Fig. 1). Thus, in this paper we introduce N. korfii as a new species in Neocamarosporium.

Neocamarosporium lamiacearum Dayar., E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821970; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03560. Fig. 24.

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Fig. 24

Neocamarosporium lamiacearum (MFLU 15-2989, holotype). A, B. Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. C. Section of ascoma. D. Peridium. E. Pseudoparaphyses. F–H. Asci. I–L. Ascospores. Scale bars: A, B = 200 μm; C = 100 μm; D, E = 10 μm; F–H = 20 μm; I–L = 10 μm.

Etymology: Named after the host family from which it was collected, Lamiaceae.

Saprobic on dead stems of Lamiaceae sp. Asexual morph: Undetermined. Sexual morph: Ascomata 200–250 μm high, 180–250 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 232.1 × 217.4 μm, n = 10), black, superficial to semi-immersed, confluent, gregarious, cupulate when dry, globose, uniloculate, with an apapillate ostiole. Ostiole, 40–60 μm long, 40–60 μm diam, central, short, slightly sunken, minute and inconspicuous at the surface, smooth, ostiolar canal filled with hyaline cells. Peridium 10–15 μm wide at the base, 10–20 μm wide in sides, thin, comprising 2–3 layers, reddish brown to brown, cells towards the inside lighter, flattened, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 2.5–3 μm (n = 40) wide, filamentous, branched, septate, pseudoparaphyses. Asci 100–120 × 14–17 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 105.5 × 15 μm, n = 40), 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical-clavate to cylindrical, pedicellate (10–20 μm long), apex rounded with a minute ocular chamber. Ascospores 14–20 × 8–11 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 15.9 × 9.4 μm, n = 50), overlapping uniseriate, muriform, mostly ellipsoidal, with 3–4-transversely septate, with one longitudinal septum, deeply constricted at the middle septum, slightly constricted at remaining septa, initially hyaline, becoming pale brown at maturity, upper part wider than lower part, slightly paler, rounded at both ends, conical at lower end, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 2 cm diam after 4 wk at 16 °C, later with dense mycelium, circular, rough margin, white, reverse cream-grey, flat on the surface, without aerial mycelium. Hyphae septate, branched, hyaline, thin-walled.

Materials examined: Russia, Rostov Region, Krasnosulinsky district, Donskoye forestry, 47,8547249°N, 40,2318907°E, steppe in gully, on dead stems of Lamiaceae plant (perhaps, Marrubium peregrinum or Phlomis herba-venti ssp. pungens), 28 Jun. 2015, T.S. Bulgakov T-846 (MFLU 15–2989, holotype, ex-type culture MFLUCC 16-0560 = CBS 143136); Russia, Republic of Crimea, Feodosia city Municipality, salt-march near Baraqol salty lake, 44, 9963682°N, 35, 2431965°E, on dead branches of Bassia sedoides (Amaranthaceae), 23 Jun. 2016, T.S. Bulgakov CR026 (MFLU 17-1437, paratype, ex-paratype culture, MFLUCC 17-0750 = CBS 143137).

Notes: Neocamarosporium lamiacearum is morphologically somewhat similar to taxa in Pleosporaceae in having cylindrical-clavate to cylindrical asci and muriform ascospores. However, the characteristics of the ascomatal wall in Neocamarosporium lamiacearum are noticeably different from Pleosporaceae taxa. Pleosporaceae species have a thick peridium with several hyaline and pigmented cell layers, while Neocamarosporiaceae lamiacearum has a thin peridium with only 2–3 pigmented cell layers and lack hyaline cell layers.

Neocamarosporium salicorniicola Dayarathne, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821971; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03561. Fig. 25.

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Fig. 25

Neocamarosporium salicorniicola (MFLU 15-0957, holotype). A. Appearance of conidiomata on Salicornia sp. B. Vertical section of conidioma. C. Developing stages of conidia on conidiogenous cells. D–K. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 50 μm; C = 20 μm; D–K = 5 μm.

Etymology: Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Salicornia.

Saprobic on dead stems of Salicornia sp. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 75–110 μm high, 80–96 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 94.4 × 88 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, superficial, unilocular. Ostiole inconspicuous. Pycnidial wall 7–11 μm wide, comprising 3–4 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and originated from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 8–12 × 4–6 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 10.5 × 4.8 μm; n = 30), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 1–3-transversely septate, with one longitudinal septum, muriform, smooth-walled, dark brown, guttulated. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 3 cm diam after 3 wk at 16 °C, powdery, circular, smooth margin, ash, reverse yellowish at margins and black at the middle.

Material examined: Thailand, Phetchaburi Province, Cha-Am, Chao Samran, on dead stem of Salicornia sp. (Amaranthaceae), 28 Jul. 2015, M. Dayarathne CHAM025 (MFLU 15-0957, holotype, ex-type culture MFLUCC 15-0957).

Notes: Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1), our strain of N. salicorniicola shares a sister relationship to N. jorjanensis and to Dimorphosporicola tragani but with no support (Clade D, Fig. 1). In this paper, we introduce Neocamarosporium salicorniicola as a new species in Neocamarosporium, based on its comparatively smaller and distinct dark, guttulate conidia, and its phylogenetic position.

Neocamarosporium salsolae Wanas., Gafforov & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov. MycoBank MB821972; Facesoffungi number: FoF 03562. Fig. 26.

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Fig. 26

Neocamarosporium salsolae (TASM 6100, holotype). A. Appearance of conidiomata on Salsola sp. B. Vertical section of conidioma. C–E. Conidiogenous cells and developing conidia. F–J. Conidia. Scale bars: B = 50 μm; C = 20 μm; D–J = 10 μm.

Etymology: Named after the host genus from which it was collected, Salsola.

Saprobic on dead stems of Salsola sp. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 120–150 μm high, 80–110 μm diam ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 137.5 × 99.5 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, superficial, unilocular. Ostiole inconspicuous. Pycnidial wall 6–10 μm wide, comprising 3–4 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and originated from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 18–25 × 12–20 μm ($\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 21.9 × 16.9 μm; n = 30), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 1–3-transversely septate, with 1–3 longitudinal septa, muriform, smooth-walled, dark brown. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Colonies on PDA: Slow growing, reaching 3 cm diam after 3 wk at 16 °C, circular, smooth margin, dark green, reverse blackish green.

Materials examined: Uzbekistan, Surxondaryo Province, Sherobod District, Oqtosh village on dead stem of Salsola sp. (Amaranthaceae), 12 May 2016, Y. Gafforov YG-S6-(TASM 6100, holotype); ibid., (MFLU 17-0192, isotype, ex-isotype culture MFLUCC 17-0827) ibid., YG-S6-1 (TASM 6099 = MFLU 17-0191, paratype, ex-paratype culture, MFLUCC 17-0826).

Notes: Based on the multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 1), our strains of Neocamarosporium salsolae cluster in a subclade sister to N. goegapense with significant statistical support (Clade D, Fig. 1).

We thank the technical staff of Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Sornram Sukpisit, Wilawan Punyaboon and Thatsanee Luangharn for their invaluable assistance. We are also grateful to Milan C. Samarakoon, Danushka Tennakoon, Indunil C. Senanayake, Asha J. Dissanayake, Qing Tian, Chuan-Gen Lin for their valuable assistance with the culture work, DNA isolation, amplification and sequencing. Dhanushka Wanasinghe is thankful to Hiran Ariyawansa for his valuable suggestions. Chayanard Phukhamsakda would like to thank Royal Golden Jubilee Ph. D. Program under Thailand Research Fund, for the award of a scholarship no. PHD/0020/2557 to study towards a PhD. Alan JL Phillips acknowledges the support from Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI, FCT/UID/ Multi/04046/2013). R. Jeewon is grateful to University of Mauritius & Mae Fah Luang University for enabling research collaboration. K.D. Hyde thanks to National Research Council of Thailand (Mae Fah Luang University) for grants “Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes of Pandanaceae” (Grant No: 592010200112) and Thailand Research Fund (TRF) grant no RSA5980068 entitled “Biodiversity, phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans”. National Research Council of Thailand (Mae Fah Luang University) grant no 60201000201 entitled “Diseases of mangrove trees and maintenance of good forestry practice”. Samantha C. Karunarathna thanks to Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security funded postdoctoral project (number 179122). Kevin D. Hyde also thanks to the Chinese Academy of Sciences, project number 2013T2S0030, for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botany. Y.S. Gafforov acknowledges the support from Committee for coordination science and technology development under the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan (Project No. P3-2014-0830174425).