Ficus exasperata

NAME: Ficus exasperata

FAMILY: Moraceae

COMMON NAMES: Sandpaper Fig, Hairy Fig

LOCAL NAMES: N/A (as local names vary depending on the region)

MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION: Ficus exasperata is a medium-sized deciduous tree with a spreading canopy. It can reach a height of about 15 to 25 meters (49 to 82 feet). The trunk of Ficus exasperata is usually straight, and its bark is grayish-brown and smooth. The leaves are alternate, simple, and leathery, with an ovate or elliptical shape, measuring approximately 8 to 20 centimeters (3 to 8 inches) in length. The upper surface of the leaves is dark green, while the underside is paler and covered with fine hairs. The fruits of Ficus exasperata are small, round, and green when unripe, turning yellow or orange when mature.

USEFUL PART(s): The leaves, bark, and latex sap of Ficus exasperata are commonly used.

GENERAL USES:

  1. Medicinal Purposes: In traditional medicine, various parts of Ficus exasperata are used to treat ailments such as wounds, skin infections, gastrointestinal disorders, and respiratory conditions. The leaves are often crushed and applied topically or prepared as decoctions for medicinal use.

  2. Culinary Uses: The ripe fruits of Ficus exasperata are sometimes consumed by humans, either raw or cooked. They have a sweet taste and are used in some traditional dishes and jams.

  3. Fiber Source: The inner bark of Ficus exasperata is fibrous and can be processed to extract natural fibers for weaving mats, baskets, and ropes.

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: Ficus exasperata is native to tropical regions of Africa, including countries like Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also cultivated in other parts of the world with suitable climates.

WHY IS IT GREEN? Like most plants, Ficus exasperata is green due to the presence of chlorophyll in its leaves. Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for capturing sunlight during photosynthesis, which is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, utilizing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. The green color is a result of chlorophyll's ability to absorb light in the red and blue wavelengths while reflecting the green light.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: Ficus exasperata has positive environmental impacts. As a tree, it contributes to oxygen production and carbon dioxide absorption, helping to mitigate climate change. Its dense canopy provides shade, reducing soil erosion and creating a microhabitat for other plant and animal species. Additionally, the fruits of Ficus exasperata are consumed by birds and mammals, aiding in seed dispersal and promoting biodiversity.

FUN FACT: The leaves of Ficus exasperata have a rough, sandpapery texture, giving rise to its common name, "Sandpaper Fig." This rough texture is caused by the presence of tiny hairs on the leaf surface, which provide protection against herbivores and reduce water loss through transpiration.

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