25 Tahun 2020

MENTER!
PERTANIAN
REPUBLIK INDONESIA
PERATURAN MENTER! PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA

NOMOR 25 TAHUN 2020
TENTANG
JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA
DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA
MENTER! PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
Menimbang a. bahwa organ1sme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina

dapat merusak, mengganggu kehidupan atau
menyebabkan kematian pada tumbuhan sehingga
perlu diatur mengenai jenis organisme pengganggu
tumbuhan karantina;
b. bahwa Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan
Karantina telah diatur dengan Peraturan Menteri
Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/
12/2011 tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu
Tumbuhan Karantina sebagaimana telah beberapa
kali diubah, terakhir dengan Peraturan Menteri
Pertanian Nomor 31/Permentan/KR.010/7 /2018
tentang Perubahan Kedua atas Peraturan Menteri
Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/OT.140/12/2011
tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan
Karantina;
c. bahwa berdasarkan hasil analisis risiko organ1sme
pengganggu tumbuhan dan daerah sebarnya telah
terjadi perubahan status jenis organisme pengganggu
tum buhan karantina;
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d. bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana

dimaksud dalam huruf a, huruf b dan huruf c, perlu
menetapkan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian tentang
Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina;
Mengingat 1. Pasal 17 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara

Republik Indonesia 1945;
2. Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2008 tentang
Kementerian Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik
Indonesia Tahun 2019 Nomor 166, Tambahan
Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4916);
3. Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2019 tentang
Karantina Hewan, Ikan, dan Tumbuhan (Lembaran
Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2019 Nomor 200,
Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia
Nomor 6411);
4. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 14 Tahun 2002
tentang Karantina Tumbuhan (Lembaran Negara
Republik Indonesia Tahun 2002 Nomor 35,
Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia
Nomor 4196);
5. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 45 Tahun 2015 tentang
Kementerian Pertanian (Lembaran Negara Republik
Indonesia Tahun 2015 Nomor 85);
6. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 43/
Permentan/OT.010/8/2015 tentang Organisasi dan
Tata Kerja Kementerian Pertanian (Berita Negara
Republik Indonesia Tahun 2015 Nomor 1243);
MEMUTUSKAN:
Menetapkan PERATURAN MENTER! PERTANIAN TENTANG JENIS
ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA.
Pasal 1
Dalam Peraturan Menteri ini yang dimaksud dengan:
1. Tindakan Karantina Tumbuhan yang selanjutnya
disebut Tindakan Karantina adalah kegiatan yang
-3-
dilakukan untuk mencegah orgamsme pengganggu

tumbuhan karantina masuk ke dalam, tersebar dari
suatu area ke area lain, dan/ atau keluar dari wilayah
Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
2. Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina yang
selanjutnya disingkat OPI'K adalah orgamsme yang
dapat merusak, mengganggu kehidupan atau
menyebabkan kematian tumbuhan, menimbulkan
kerugian sosioekonomi serta belum terdapat di wilayah
Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia atau sudah
terdapat di sebagian wilayah Negara Kesatuan
Republik Indonesia, yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah
Pusat untuk dicegah masuknya ke dalam dan
tersebarnya di dalam wilayah Negara Kesatuan
Republik Indonesia.
3. Media Pembawa OPI'K yang selanjutnya disebut Media
Pembawa adalah tumbuhan, produk
tumbuhan,
pangan, pakan, produk Rekayasa Genetik (PRG),
Sumber Daya Genetik (SDG), agensia hayati, jenis
asing invasif, tumbuhan liar, tumbuhan langka,
dan/ atau media pembawa lain yang dapat membawa
OPTK.
Pasal 2
Jenis OPTK ditetapkan berdasarkan:
a. hasil analisis risiko organisme pengganggu tumbuhan;
dan
b. pemantauan daerah sebar clan/ atau hasil surveilans,
dengan memperhatikan pelindungan sumber daya alam
hayati.
Pasal3
J enis O fYI'K sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 terdiri
atas:
a. kategori A 1; atau
b. kategori A2.
-4-
Pasal 4
Ketegori sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 3 terdiri atas:
a. golongan 1; atau
b. golongan 2
Pasal 5
(1) OPTK kategori Al sebagaimana dimaksud dalam
Pasal 3 huruf a, merupakan OPTK yang belum
terdapat di wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik
Indonesia.
(2) OPTK kategori A2 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam
Pasal 3 huruf b merupakan OPTK yang sudah terdapat
di sebagian wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik
Indonesia.
Pasa16
(1) OPTK golongan I sebagaimana dimaksud dalam
Pasal 4 huruf a merupakan OPTK yang tidak dapat
dibebaskan dari Media Pembawa.
(2) OPTK golongan II sebagaimana dimaksud dalam
Pasal 4 huruf b merupakan OPTK yang dapat
dibebaskan dari Media Pembawa.
Pasal 7
Ketentuan mengenai analisis risiko organisme pengganggu
tumbuhan, pemantauan daerah sebar dan/ atau surveilans
sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 dilaksanakan sesuai
dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.
Pasal 8
Dalam hal membahayakan kesehatan manusia, hewan,
atau lingkungan dan/ atau berdasarkan pertimbangan
teknis, terhadap Media Pembawa yang
terinfeksi/ terinfestasi OPTK golongan II sebagaimana
dimaksud dalam Pasal 6 ayat (2) tidak dilakukan perlakuan
untuk membebaskan Media Pembawa dari OPTK.
-5-
Pasal9
Jenis OPTK sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2,
tercantum dalam Lampiran yang merupakan bagian tidak
terpisahkan dari Peraturan Menteri ini.
Pasal 10
Pada saat Peraturan Menteri ini mulai berlaku Peraturan
Menteri Pertanian Nomor 93/Permentan/ OT. 140/ 12/ 20 1 1
tentang Jenis Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan
Karantina (Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2012
Nomor 6) sebagaimana telah beberapa kali diubah, terakhir
dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor
3 1/ Permentan/ KR. 0 10/ 7/ 20 18 tentang Perubahan Kedua
atas Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor
93/ Permentan/ OT. 140/ 12/ 201 1 tentang Jenis Organisme
Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (Berita Negara Republik
Indonesia Tahun 2018 Nomor 954), dicabut dan
dinyatakan tidak berlaku.
Pasal 11
Peraturan Menteri ini mulai berlaku pada tanggal
diundangkan.
-6-
Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan

pengundangan Peraturan Menteri 1n1 dengan
penempatannya dalam Berita Negara Republik Indonesia.
Ditetapkan di Jakarta
pada tanggal 16 September 2020
MENTER! PERTANIAN
REPUBLIK INDONESIA,
SYAHRUL YASIN LIMPO
Diundangkan di Jakarta
pada tanggal 1 0ktober 2020
DIREKTUR JENDERAL
PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN
KEMENTE KUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
�
REPUB�INDO_NESIA,
BERITA NEG REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN �.2020 NOMOR 1136

-7-
LAMPIRAN
PERATURAN MENTERI PERTANIAN
REPUBLIK INDONESIA
NOMOR
TENTANG
JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN
KARANTINA
JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA
A. JENIS OPTK KATEGORI A1
1. SERANGGA (INSECTS)
No. NAMA GOLONGAN INANG/HOST MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR

ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL
NAMA UMUM /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION
(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Acraea acerata Hew.; II Convolvulus arvensis, Ipomoea daun (leaves) Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae); aquatica, Ipomoea batatas (ubi Botswana, Burundi,
sweet potato butterfly jalar, sweet potato), Ipomoea Cameroon, Congo, DR
-8-

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
triloba, Merremiae bracteata, Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Merremia pacifica, Merremia Guinea, Ivory Coast,
peltata, Merremia umbellata Kenya, Liberia,
Mozambique, Namibia,
Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra
Leone, Sudan, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zambia
2. Agrilus mali Matsumura; II Malus domestica (apel, apple) batang Asia: China, DPR Korea
(Coleoptera: Buprestidae); (stem), bibit (North Korea), Republic of
apple borer, apple buprestid cabang, Korea (South Korea)
tunas (bud) Europe: Russian
Federation
3. Agrilus planipennis II Fraxinus chinensis, Fraxinus batang (stem America: Canada, USA
Fairmaire;(Coleoptera: Buprestidae); pensylvania, Fraxinus (above Asia: China, DPR Korea
emerald ash borer japonica, Fraxinus lanuginosa, ground), (North Korea), Japan,
Fraxinus rhynchophylla, shoots, Republic of Korea (South
Fraxinus americana, Fraxinus trunks, Korea), Taiwan
mandshurica, Fraxinus nigra, branches), Europe : Russian
Juglans mandshurica, kayu, bibit Federation
Pterocarya rhoifolia, Ulmus (seedlings,
davidiana, Ulmus propinqua micropropaga
ted plants),
kulit kayu
(bark)
-9-

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
4. Alcidodes dentipes (Olivier, 1790); II Arachys hypogaea (kacang batang (stem Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Alcides dentipes Olivier); tanah, peanut), Gossypium (above Botswana, Burundi,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); barbadens (kapas, cotton), ground), Cameroon, Central Africa
striped sweet potato weevil Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, shoots, Republic, DR Congo,
sweet potato) Phaseolus trunks, Ethiopia, Ghana,
vulgaris (buncis, common branches), Gambia, Gabon, Guinea,
bean), Vigna spp. (buncis, bibit Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
cowpea) (seedlings, Coast, Kenya, Liberia,
microprogate Mali, Mauritania,
d plants) Mauritius, Mozambique,
Malawi, Nigeria, Sahara,
Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
5. Alsophila pometaria (Harris); II Acer spp (maple), Fraxinus batang America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Anisopterix pometaria, spp., Hackberry, Juglan sp. (stems,
Anisopteryx pometaria); (walnut), Malus domestica trunks,
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae); (apel, apple), Pelargonium shoots,
fall cankerworm (geranium), Pyrus communis branches),
(pir, pear), Quercus spp. (oak), buah (fruits),
Rose, Salix sp. (willow), Ulmus bunga
sp. (elm), other stone fruit (flowers,
- 10 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
inflorescence
s, cones,
calyx), daun
(leaves)
6. Amblypelta cocophaga China; II Carica papaya (pepaya, buah (fruits), Asia: India, Malaysia,
(Syn. Amblypelta cocophaga papaya), Ceiba petandra daun (leaves) Philippines, Singapore
cocophaga, Amblypelta (kapuk randu), Citrus sinensis Oceania: Fiji, Papua New
cocophagamalaitensis, Dasynus sp.); (navel orange) Citrus spp. Guinea, Solomon Islands
(Hemiptera: Coreidae); (jeruk, orange), Cocos nucifera
coconut bug (kelapa, coconut), Cucumis
melo (melon, melon), Delonix
regia (flamboyant), Eucalyptus
deglupta, Macaranga spp.,
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Passiflora
quadrangularis (markisa,
passion fruit, granadilla),
Prunus persica (persik, peach),
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
(kecipir, winged bean),
Saccharum officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Theobroma cacao
(kakao, cocoa)
- 11 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
7. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann); II Achras (= Manilkara) zapota buah (fruit America: Argentina,
(Syn. Acrotoxa fraterculus (sawo, sapodilla), Actinidia (inc. pods), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
(Weidemann), Anastrepha braziliensis chinensis (Chinese media tanam Colombia, Costa Rica,
Greene, Anastrepha costarukmanii gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa (growing Ecuador, El Salvador,
Capoor, Anastrepha fraterculus var. (kiwi, kiwifruit), Ampelocera media Guatemala, Guyana,
soluta Bezzi, Anastrepha lambayecae hottlei, Annona spp, Annona associated Honduras, Mexico,
Korytkowski, Anastrepha cherimola (cherimoya), Annona withassociate Nicaragua, Panama,
pseudofraterculus Capoor, muricata (sirsak, soursop), d with Paraguay, Peru,
Anastrepha scholae Capoor, Annona squamosa (srikaya, plants), Suriname, Trinidad and
Anthomyia frutalis Weyenburgh, sweetsop), Averrhoa carambola tanah (soil) Tobago, USA, Uruguay,
Anastrepha peruviana Towsend, (belimbing, carambola, star- Venezuela
Anastrepha soluta, Dacus fraterculus fruit), Campomanesia
Weidemann, Tephritis mellea Walker, xanthocarpa, Carica papaya,
Trypeta fraterculus (Weidemann), (pepaya, papaya),
Trypeta unicolor Loew); Chrysophyllum gonocarpum,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),
South American fruitfly Citrus aurantium (sour
orange), Citrus limetta (sweet
lemon), Citrus maxima
(pummelo), Citrus reticulata
(mandarin), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Coffea Arabica
(kopi arabika, Arabica coffee),
Coffea liberica (Liberian coffee
- 12 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
tree), Cydonia oblonga
(quince), Diospyros kaki
(kesemek, persimmon),
Diospyros malabarica, Euginia
stipitata, Eriobotrya japonica
(loquat), Eugina dombeyi
(brazil cherry), Euginia
uniflora (Surinam cherry),
Eugenia spp., Feijoa
sellowiana (horn of plenty),
Ficus carica (ara, fig),
Fortunella japonica (kumquat),
Fragaria vesca (wild
strawberry), Fortunella
japonica (round kumquat),
Inga edulis, Inga marginata,
Juglans australis, Juglans
neotropica (Andean walnut),
Juglans regia (walnut), Malus
sp., Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado),
Pouteria obovata, Prunus
- 13 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
americana (apricot), Prunus
dulcis (almon, badam,
almond), Prunus spp., Prunus
persica (persik, peach),
Psidium longipes, Psidium
guajava (jambu biji, guava),
Psidium cattleianum
(strawberry guava), Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Rubus
glaucus, Solanum quitoense,
Spondias dulcis (otaheite
apple), Spondias mobin (hog
plum), Spondias purpurea (red
mombin), Spondias cytherea,
Spondias tuberosa, Syzygium
aquea (jambu air, star apple),
Syzygium jambos (rose apple),
Syzygium spp., Syzygium
malaccense (jambu bol,
malay-apple), Terminalia
catappa (ketapang, Indian
almond), Theobroma cacao
- 14 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Ziziphus
joazeiro, Zuelania Guidonia
8. Anastrepha ludens (Loew); II Anacardium occidentale buah (fruit America: Belize, Costa
(Syn. Acrotoxa ludens Loew, (jambu mete, cashew-nut), (inc. pods), Rica, El Salvador,
Anastrepha lathana Stone, Trypeta Annona cherimola (cherimoya), media tanam Guatemala, Honduras,
ludens Loew); Annona liebmanniana, Annona (growing Mexico, Nicaragua,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); muricata (sirsak, soursop), media Panama
Mexican fruit fly Annona reticulata (buah nona, associated
srikaya), Annona squamosa with plants),
(srikaya, sweetsop), bullock’s tanah (soil)
heart, custard apple), Carica
papaya (pepaya, papaya),
Casimiroa edulis (white
sapote), Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Citrus aurantium
(sour orange), Citrus maxima
(pummelo), Citrus sinensis
(navel orange), Citrus x
paradisi (grapefruit), Citrus
aurantifolia (lime), Citrus
limetta (sweet lemon tree),
Citrus medica (citron), Citrus
reticulata (mandarin), Citrus
- 15 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
reticulata x paradisi (tangelo),
Coffea arabica (kopi arabika,
arabicacoffee), Cydonia
oblonga (quince), Diospyros
kaki (kesemek, persimmon),
Feijoa sellowiana, Malus
domestica (apel, apple),
Mammea americana,
Mangifera indica (mangga,
mango), Passiflora edulis
(passionfruit), Passiflora
passion-fruit, granadilla),
Psidium longipes, Persea
Pouteria sapota, Prunus
Psidium guajava (jambu biji,
guava), Punica granatum
(delima, pomegranate), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear),
Sargentia greggii, Spondias
purpurea, Syzygium aquea
(jambu air, star apple), Talisia
- 16 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
olivaeformis
9. Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart); II Achras (= Manilkara) zapota buah (fruit America: Antigua and
(Syn. Acrotoxa obliqua, Anastrepha (sawo, sapodilla), Anacardium (inc. pods), Barbuda, Argentina,
fraterculus var. ligata, Anastrepha occidentale (jambu mete, media tanam Bahamas, Barbados,
fraterculus var. mombinpraeoptans cashew-nut), Annona hayesii, (growing Belize, Brazil, British
SeÃn, Anastrepha mombinpraeoptans Averrhoa media Virgin Islands, Colombia,
SeÃn, Tephritis obliqua, Anastrepha carambola(belimbing, associated Costa Rica, Cuba,
Acudisa, A nastrepha Trinidadensis, carambola, star-fruit), with plants), Dominica, Dominican
Trypeta obliqua); Brosimum alicastrum, Citrus tanah (soil) Republic, Ecuador, El
(Diptera: Tephritidae); spp, Citrus limetta, Coffea spp. Salvador, Grenada,
West Indian fruit fly, Antillean fruit (kopi, coffee), Diospyros Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
fly digyna (black sapote), Guyana, Haiti,
Dovyalis hebecarpa Honduras, Jamaica,
(kitambilla), Eriobotrya Martinique, Mexico,
japonica (loquat), Euginia Montserrat, Netherlands
jambos (jambos), Euginia Antilles, Nicaragua,
malaccensis (pomerack), Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Euginia nesiotica, Malpighia Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts
glabra, Mangifera indica and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
(mangga, mango), Passiflora Saint Vincent and the
quadrangularis (markisa, Grenadines, Suriname,
passion fruit, granadilla), Trinidad and Tobago,
Prunus dulcis (almon, badam, United States Virgin
almond), Prunus amygdalus Islands, Venezuela
- 17 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(bitter almond), Prunus
domestica (prem, plum),
Psidium longipes, Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Pouteria
viridis, Pouteria sapota,
Pouteria mammosa, Psidium
Syzygium aquea (jambu air,
star apple), Syzygium
malaccense (jambu bol,
malay-apple), Spondias
cytherea, Spondias mombin,
Spondias purpurea, Spondias
spp.
10. Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann); II Achras (= Manilkara) zapota buah (fruit America: Belize, Brazil,
(Syn. Acrotoxa serpentinus (sawo, sapodilla), Alchornea (inc. pods), Colombia, Costa Rica,
Wiedemann, Dacus serpentinus latifolia, Annona cherimola, media tanam Ecuador, French Guiana,
Wiedemann, Leptoxys serpentina Annona glabra, Annona spp., (growing Guatemala, Guyana,
Wiedemann, Trypeta serpentina Bumelia sebolana, Brysonima media Honduras, Mexico,
Wiedemann, Urophora vittithorax crassifolia, Capparis angulata, associated Netherlands Antilles,
Wiedemann); Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), with plants), Panama, Peru, Suriname,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); Citrus aurantium, Citrus tanah (soil) Trinidad and Tobago,
sapote fruit fly, sapodilla fruit fly, maxima, Citrus reticulata, Venezuela
black fruit fly, dark fruit fly Citrus sinensis, Citrus x
- 18 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
paradisi, Chrysophyllum
cainito, Chrysophyllum
argenteum, Chrysophyllum
mexicanum, Cydonia oblonga
(kwinsi, quince), Diospyros
ebenaster, Dovyalis
hebecarpa, Eriobotrya japonica
(lokwat, loquat), Ficus
spp.(ara, fig), Lacmellea
panamensis, Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Mammea
americana, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Manilkara
spp., Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Pouteria
viridis, Pouteria campechiana,
Pouteria caimito, Pouteria
obovata, Pouteria sapota,
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry),
guava), Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), Pouteria caimito,
Pouteria campechiana
- 19 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(canistel), Pouteria sapota
(mammey sapote) Sideroxylon
capiri, Sideroxylon palmeri,
Spondias mombin, Spondias
purpurea, Spondias spp.
11. Anastrepha suspensa (Loew); II Achras (=Manilkara) zapota buah (fruit America: Bahamas,
(Syn. Anastrepha longimacula (sawo, sapodilla), Annona (inc. pods), British Virgin Islands,
Greene, Anastrepha unipuncta Sein, spp., Annona squamosa media tanam Cuba, Dominican
Trypeta suspensa Loew); (srikaya, sweetsop), Annona (growing Republic, French Guiana,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); glabra, Averrhoa carambola media Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto
Carribean fruit fly (belimbing, star-fruit), Blighia associated Rico, USA, Virgin Islands
sapida (akee apple), Canella with plants),
winterana, Chrysobalanus tanah (soil)
icaco, Carica papaya (pepaya,
papaya), Citrofortunella mitis,
Citrus spp., Clausena lansium,
Coccoloba uvifera, Capsicum
annuum (cabai besar, paprika,
bell-pepper), Casimiroa edulis,
Chrysophyllum cainito,
Chrysophyllum oliviforme,
Clausena lansium, Coccoloba
uvifera, Diospyros kaki
- 20 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Diospyros blancoi, Diospyros
virginiana, Dovyalis caffra,
Ficus carica (ara, fig),
Flacourtia indica, Fortunella
margarita (oval kumquat),
Fortunella x crassifolia,
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat),
Euginia dombeyi (brazil
cherry), Euginia uniflora
(surinam cherry), Eugenia
spp., Fortunella margarita,
Garcinia aristata, Garcinia
mangostana (manggis,
mangosteen), Garcinia
livingstonei, Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Malpighia glabra,
mango), Momordica charantia
(paria, bitter gourd), Murraya
spp. (kemuning, mock
orange), Momordica
balsamina, Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, dates-
- 21 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
palm), Pimenta dioica, Prunus
Psidium longipes, Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyrus
communis (pear), Pouteria
campechiana, Psidium
guineense, Prunus cerrasus
(ceri, cherry), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Psidium
cattleianum, Spondias spp.,
Spondias mombin,
Synsepalum dulcificum.
Spondias cytherea, Syzygium
cumini (jamblang, java plum),
Syzygium samarangense
(jambu Semarang, java apple),
Solanum lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Syzygium spp.,
star apple), Terminalia
almond), Terminalia muelleri,
Triphasia sp.
- 22 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
12. Ancistrotermes latinotus (Holmgren); II Casuarina glauca (scaly oak), batang Africa: DR Congo,
(Isoptera: Termitidae); Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red (stems (above Malawi, Tanzania,
Subteranean termite gum), Eucalyptus tereticomis, ground), Zimbabwe
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, shoots,
tobbaco), Polyphagus, trunks,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, branches),
sorghum) kayu (woods)
13. Ancita crocogaster (Boisduval, 1835); II Acacia spp. batang Oceania: Australia
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); (stems (above
grey longicorne beetle, small acacia ground),
longicorn beetle shoots,
trunks,
branches),
kayu (woods)
14. Ancita marginicollis (Boisduval, 1835); II Acacia spp. batang Oceania: Australia
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); white- (stems (above
cheeked longicorn ground),
shoots,
trunks,
branches),
kayu (woods)
15. Anobium punctatum (DeGeer); II Dacrycarpus dacrydiodes batang Africa: Algeria, Angola,
(Coleoptera: Anobiidae); (kahikatea), Dacrydium (stems (above Benin, Botswana,
Common furniture beetle, woodworm cupressinum (rimu), Pinus ground), Burkina Faso, Burundi,
- 23 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
radiata (radiate pine), shoots, Cape Verde, Cameroon,
Pseudotsuga menziesii trunks), Central African Republic,
(Douglas fir), Thuja plicata furniture, Chad, Comoros, Congo,
(western red cedar) kayu (woods), DR Congo, Djibouti,
ranting Egypt, Equatorial
(branches) Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco,
Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
São Tomé and Príncipe,
Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Somalia,
South Africa, South
Sudan, Sudan,
Swaziland, Togo, Tunisia,
Uganda, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: USA
- 24 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Asia: China, Georgia
Europe: Albania,
Andorra, Armenia,
Austria, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxemburg,
Malta, Republic of
Moldova, Monaco,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, San Marino,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
- 25 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Switzerland, Ukraine,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia, New
Zealand
16. Anoplophora glabripennis II Acer buergerianum, Acer batang America: USA, Canada
(Motschulsky); davidii, Acer grosseri, Acer (stems (above Asia: China, DPR Korea
(Coleptera: Cerambycidae); negundo, Acer palmatum, Acer ground), (North Korea), Lebanon,
Asian longhorned beetle, starry sky pseudoplatanus, Acer rubrum, shoots, Republic of Korea (South
beetle Acer robustrum, Acer trunks, Korea),
saccharum, Acer saccharinum, branches), Europe: Austria, Finland,
Acer truncatum, Acer spp., kayu (woods), France, Germany, Italy,
Aesculus hippocastanum, kulit kayu Montenegro, Poland,
Aesculus spp., Alnus spp., (bark) Switzerland
Betula platyphylla, Betula Oceania: Australia
spp., Carpinus spp., Corylus
spp., Cotoneaster spp.,
Elaegnus angustifolia,
Eucalyptus diversicolor, Fagus
spp., Fraxinus sp., Hippophae
rhamnoides, Liriodendron
tulifera, Lagerstroemia spp.,
Malus sylvestris, Malus spp.,
Morus alba, Ostrya spp.,
Platanus orientalis, Platanus
- 26 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
spp., Populus spp., Prunus
laurocerasus, Robinia
pseudoacacia, Rosa spp., Salix
spp., Salix babylonica, Salix
matsunada, Sophora sp., Tilia
tuan, Ulmus pumila, Ulmus
laeuig, Ulmus spp.
17. Antestiopsis facetoides Le Pelley; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) batang Africa: Kenya, Tanzania,
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae); (stems (above Tunisia
cherry and flower feeder ground)),
buah (fruit),
bunga
(flowers,
inflorescence
s, cones,
calyx), daun
(leaves),
tunas (bud)
18. Antestiopsis intricata (Ghesquiere & II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) batang Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
Carayon); (stems (above Central African Republic,
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae); ground)), Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana,
antestia bug buah (fruit), Ivory Coast, Kenya,
bunga Nigeria, Sudan, Togo,
(flowers, Uganda
- 27 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
inflorescence
s, cones,
calyx), daun
(leaves),
tunas (bud)
19. Antestiopsis orbitalis (Westwood); II Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, batang Africa: Angola, Burundi,
(Syn. Antestia lineaticolli, Antestia arabica coffee), Coffea spp. (stems), buah Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya,
orbitalis facetus, Antestiopsis (kopi, coffee) (fruits), Malawi, Mozambique,
lineaticollis, Antestiopsis orbitalis bunga Namibia, Rwanda, South
bechuana, Antestiopsis orbitalis (flowers, Africa, Tanzania,
ghesquieri, Antestiopses orbitalis inflorescence Uganda, Zambia,
orbItalys); s, cones, Zimbabwe
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae); calyx), daun
Antestia bug (leaves),
tunas (bud)
20. Anthonomus grandis Boheman, 1843; II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, bibit America: Argentina,
(Syn. Anthonomus thurberiae Pierce cotton), Gossypium hirsutum, (seedlings), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
(1913); Hibiscus syriacus, Hampea bunga Colombia, Costa Rica,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); nutricia, Opuntia lindheimeri, (flowers, Cuba, Dominican
Mexican cotton boll weevil, boll Prosopis, glandulosa, inflorescence Republic, El Salvador,
weevil, cotton boll weevil, Thurberia Thespesia populnea s, cones, Guatemala, Haiti,
weevil calyx), buah Honduras, Martinique,
(fruits), biji Mexico, Nicaragua,
(true seed) Paraguay, Saint Kitts and
- 28 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Nevis, USA, Venezuela
21. Anthonomus signatus Say; II Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, buah (fruits), America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Anthonomus bisignatus, strawberry), Morus spp. bunga
Anthonomus pallidus, Anthonomus (murbei, mulberry), (flowers,
scutellatus); (raspberry), Rubus idaeus inflorescence
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); (raspberry), Potentilla, Rubus s, cones,
strawberry bud weevil, strawberry sp. (blackberry), Rubus calyx), media
clipper caesius, Rubus fruticosus tanam
(growing
media
associated
with plants)
22. Anthonomus vestitus Boheman, 1859; II Abutilon (Indian mallow), bibit America: Ecuador, Peru
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); Alcea rosea, Althaea (seedlings),
Peruvian boll weevil, Peruvian cotton (hollyhocks), Gossypium buah (fruits),
weevil, Peruvian boll weevil, Peruvian barbadens (kapas, cotton), bunga
square weevil, Peruvian cotton square Hibiscus (rosemallows), (flowers,
weevil Hibiscus rosa-sinensis inflorescence
(mawar, China-rose), s, cones,
Thespesia calyx), stek
23. Aonidomytilus albus (CockereII, II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), tunas (bud), Africa: Angola, Cape
1893); Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, batang Verde, DR Congo,
(Syn. Coccomytilus dispar (Vayssiere) cassava) (stems (above Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-
Takahashi, 1935, Lepidosaphes alba ground), Bissau, Ivory Coast,
- 29 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Cockerell) Fernald, 1903, shoots, Kenya, Liberia,
Lepidosaphes dispar, Mytilaspis albus trunks, Madagascar, Malawi,
Cockerell, 1893, Mytilaspis branches), Mauritius, Mozambique,
(Coccomytilus) dispar Vayssiere, umbi (bulbs, Nigeria, Senegal,
1914); tubers, Somalia, Tanzania,
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae); corms, Uganda, Zambia
cassava scale, white mussel scale, rhizomes) America: Antigua and
cassava stem mussel scale, tapioca Barbuda, Argentina,
scale Bahamas, Barbados,
British Virgin Islands,
Brazil, Colombia, Cuba,
Dominica, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guyana
France, Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Puerto Rico,
Peru, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname,
Trinidad and Tobago,
USA, Virgin Islands
Asia: Bahrain, China,
- 30 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
India, Malaysia, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand
24. Apate monachus Fabricius, 1775; II Annona cherimola (cherimoya), batang Africa: Algeria,
(Syn. Apate carmelita Fabricius, Azadirachta indica (nimba, (stems (above Cameroon, Congo, Egypt,
1801, Apate francisca Fabricius, neem tree), Cajanus cajan ground), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana,
1801, Apate gibba Fabricius, 1798, (kacang gude, pigeon pea), trunks, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
Apate mendica Olivier, 1790, Apate Calicotome spinosa, Casuarina shoots, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria,
monacha Fabricius, 1801, Apate equisetifolia, Citrus spp. branches), Sao Tome and Principe,
monachus var. Rufiventris Lucas, (jeruk, orange), Citrus kayu (woods) Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,
1843, Apate semicostata Thomson, sinensis, Coffea arabica (kopi Uganda, Zambia
1857, Apate senii Stefani, 1911); arabika, arabica coffee), America: Brazil, Cuba,
(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae); Coffea liberica, Elaeis Dominican Republic,
black borer, twig borer, date palm guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil Guadaloupe, Jamaica,
bostrichid palm), Gleditsia triacanthos, Martinique, Puerto Rico,
Malus domestica (apel, apple), Saint Kitts and Nevis
Mangifera indica (mangga, Asia: India, Israel,
mango), Melia azedarach, Lebanon, Syria
Morrus alba (murbei, Europe: France, Italy,
mulberry), Olea europea Spain
subsp. europea (zaitum, olive),
guava), Phoenix dactylifera
(kurma, dates-palm), Punica
granatum (delima,
- 31 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
pomegranate), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Robinia
pseudoacacia, Styphnolobium
japonicum, Syringa pekinensis,
Swietenia mahogany (mahoni,
mahogany), Tamarindus indica
(asam, tamarind), Tamarix
gallica, Theobroma cacao
(kakao, cocoa), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
25. Apate terebrans (Pallas); II Acacia spp., Albizia lelbeck, batang Africa: Benin, Ghana,
(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae); Albizia procera, Anacadium (stems (above Kenya, Nigeria, Sahara,
shot-hole borer, trunk borer, girdler occidentale, Azadirachta ground), Tanzania, Uganda
indica, Cedrela odorata, Citrus trunks, America: Brazil
Spp., Coffea arabica, Coffea shoots, Asia: India
robusta, Dalbergia sissoo, branches),
Delonix regia, Eucalyptus kayu (woods)
polycarpa, Khaya
senegalensis, Melia azedorach,
Melia composita, Psidium
guajava, Tectona grandis,
Terminalia ivorensis,
Theobroma cacao, Triplochiton
- 32 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
scleroxylon
26. Apriona germari (Hope); II Artocarpus integra, Morus batang Asia: Cambodia, China,
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); alba, Salix tetrasperma, Salix (stems (above India, Japan, Lao PDR
Mulberry longhorn beetle babilonica (weeping willow) ground), (Laos), Malaysia,
trunks, Myanmar, Nepal,
shoots, Pakistan, Republic of
branches), Korea (South Korea),
kayu (woods) Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam
27. Argyrotaenia velutinana Walker; II Acer sp. (maple), Abies batang America: Canada,
(Syn. Eulia velutinana Walker, Tortrix balsamea, Ambrosia trifida, (stems (above Mexico, USA
velutinana Walker); Alcea rosea, Apocynum sp. ground),
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); (dogbane), Betula papyrifera, trunks,
redbanded leafroller Chrysanthemum, Geranium shoots,
sp., Ilex decidua, Larix spp., branches),
Lobelia sp., Lonicera sp., daun (leaves),
Malus spp., Malus domestica buah (fruits)
(apel, apple), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Myrica gale,
Persea americana (avokad,
avocado), Picea glauca, Picea
mariana, Picea rubens, Pinus
sylvestris, Platanthera cristata,
Populus tremuloides, Prunus
- 33 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Prunus pensylvania, Prunus
persica, Prunus serotina,
guava), Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), Quercus sp., Rosa spp.,
star apple), Tsuga canadensis,
Vaccinium sp., Zinia violacea
28. Arhopalus ferus (Muksant, 1839); II pine and spruce (burned or batang Europe: United Kingdom
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); windthrown) (stems (above (England), Russian
burnt pine longicorn ground), Federation
trunks, Oceania: New Zealand
shoots,
branches),
kayu (woods)
29. Aspidiella hartii (Cockerell); II Araceae, Curcuma longa bibit Africa: Ghana, Ivory
(Syn. Aspidiotus hartii Ckll., Targionia (turmeric), Dioscorea esculenta tanaman Coast, Mauritius, Nigeria,
hartii); (Asiatic yam), Zingiber (seedlings), Sierra Leone
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae); officinale (jahe, ginger) bunga Asia: Hong Kong, India,
yam scale (flowers, Malaysia, Philippines, Sri
inflorescence Lanka, Thailand
s, cones, America: Antigua and
calyx), buah Barbuda, Barbados,
- 34 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(fruits), daun Cayman Islands,
(leaves), Dominican Republic,
batang Ecuador, Grenada,
(stems), akar Guadeloupe, Haiti,
(roots), umbi Jamaica, Lesser Antilles,
(tubers, Martinique, Panama,
bulbs Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts
rhizomes) and Nevis, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines,
USA, Virgin Islands
Oceania: Australia,
Federated States of
Micronesia, Fiji, Guam,
New Caledonia, Papua
New Guinea, Solomon
Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu,
Wallis and Futuna
Islands
30. Aspidiotus nerii Bouché, 1833; II Actinidia chinensis (Chinese bibit Africa: Algeria, Cape
(Syn. Aspidiotus unipectinatus gooseberry), Albizia julibrissin tanaman Verde, Congo, Egypt,
Ferris,1941, Aspidiotus ? osmanthi (silk tree), Ananas comosus (seedlings), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Signoret, 1877, Aspidiotus affinis (nanas, pineapple), Asparagus bunga Libya, Madagascar,
Targioni Tozzetti, 1868, Aspidiotus setaceus (Asparagus fern), (flowers, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria,
- 35 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
aloes Signoret, 1869, Aspidiotus Asplenium nidus (bird's nest inflorescence South Africa, Tanzania,
atherospermae Maskell, 1879, fern), Citrus, Ceratonia, Cocos s, cones, Tunisia, Uganda,
Aspidiotus bouchei (Targioni Tozzetti) nucifera (kelapa, coconut), calyx), buah Zimbabwe
Targioni Tozzetti, 1868, Aspidiotus Dianthus caryophyllus (fruits), daun America: Argentina,
budlaei Maskell, 1879, Aspidiotus (carnation), Diospyros (leaves), Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
budleiae Signoret, 1869, Aspidiotus (malabar ebony), Hedera helix batang Canada, Central America,
caldesii Targioni Tozzetti, 1868, (ivy), Ilex aquifolium (holly), (stems (above Chile, Colombia,
Aspidiotus capparis Signoret, 1869, Juniperus (junipers), Laurus ground), Ecuador, Mexico, USA,
Aspidiotus carpodeti Maskell, 1885, nobilis (sweet bay), Magnolia, shoots, Peru, Uruguay
Aspidiotus ceratoniae Signoret, 1869, Mangifera indica (mangga, trunks, Asia: China, Iran, Israel,
Aspidiotus confusus Froggatt, 1914, mango), Melia azedarach branches) Japan, Jordan, Lebanon,
Aspidiotus corynocarpi Colvée, 1881, (Chinaberry), Morus (mulberry Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Aspidiotus cycadicola (Boisduval) tree), Musa paradisiaca Turkey
Signoret, 1869, Aspidiotus (pisang kepok, plantain), Europe: Belgium,
denticulatus Targioni Tozzetti, 1868, Nerium (oleander), Olea (olive), Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Aspidiotus dysoxyli Maskell, 1879, Oleaceae, Orchidaceae Herzegovina, Cyprus,
Aspidiotus epidendri Signoret, 1869, (orchids), Pandanus (screw- Croatia, France,
Aspidiotus ericae (Boisduval) pine), Phoenix (date palm), Germany, Gibraltar,
Signoret, 1869, Aspidiotus fonsecai Plumeria rubra var. acutifolia Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Giannotti, 1942, Aspidiotus genistae (Mexican frangipani), Prunus North Macedonia, Malta,
Westwood, 1840, Aspidiotus gnidii persica (persik, peach), Pyrus Montenegro, Poland,
Signoret, 1869, Aspidiotus hederae communis (European pear), Portugal, Romania,
Signoret, 1869, Aspidiotus hederae Rosa (mawar, roses), Russian Federation,
hederae Schmutterer, 1952, Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba), Spain, Serbia, Slovenia,
- 36 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Aspidiotus hederae unipectinata Vitis vinifera (anggur, United Kingdom
Carimini, 1930, Aspidiotus hederae grapevine) Oceania: Australia, New
unisexualis Schmutterer, 1952, Caledonia, New Zealand,
Aspidiotus hederae urenae Hall, Norfolk Island
1923, Aspidiotus ilicis Signoret, 1869,
Aspidiotus lentisci Signoret, 1877,
Aspidiotus limonii Signoret, 1869,
Aspidiotus myricinae Signoret, 1869,
Aspidiotus myrsinae Signoret, 1877,
Aspidiotus offinis Comstock, 1883,
Aspidiotus oleae Colvée, 1880,
Aspidiotus oleastri Colvée, 1882,
Aspidiotus paranerii Gerson, in
Gerson & Hazan, 1979, Aspidiotus
rectangulatus (Lindinger) Ferris,
1941, Aspidiotus simillimus
(Cockerell) Fernald, 1903, Aspidiotus
sophorae Maskell, 1884, Aspidiotus
tasmaniae Green, 1915, Aspidiotus
transparens rectangulatus Lindinger,
1913, Aspidiotus transparens var.
simillimus Cockerell, 1898, Aspidiotus
transvaalensis Leonardi, 1914,
Aspidiotus ulicis Signoret, 1869,
- 37 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Aspidiotus urenae (Hall) Ferris, 1941,
Aspidiotus vagabundus Cockerell,
1899, Aspidiotus villosus Targioni
Tozzetti, 1868, Aspidiotus viresciae
Leonardi, 1920, Aspidiotus vriesciae
Signoret, 1869, Chermes aloes
Boisduval, 1867, Chermes cycadicola
Boisduval, 1867, Chermes ericae
Boisduval, 1867, Chermes genistae
(Westwood) Ferris, 1941, Chermes
hederae (Signoret) Ferris, 1937,
Chermes nerii Boisduval, 1868,
Chermes osmanthi Ferris, 1941,
Coccus (Aspidiotus) palmarum
Taschenberg, 1880, Coccus limonii
Murray, 1871, Diaspis bouchei
Targioni Tozzetti, 1867, Diaspis
obliquum Costa, 1829, Octaspidiotus
anthospermae Balachowsky, 1948,
Octaspidiotus atherospermae
(Maskell) MacGillivray, 1921);
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae);
aucuba scale; ivy scale; white scale;
oleander scale
- 38 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
31. Augosoma centaurus (Fabricius, II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa batang Africa: Cameroon,
1775); sawit, oil palm), palma lainnya (stems above Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); (other palmae) ground, Ivory Coast, Liberia,
stem tissues borer shoots, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal
trunks,
branches),
media tanam
(growing
media
associated
with plants),
sisa tanaman
32. Bactrocera caryeae (Kapoor); II Aegle marmelos (maja, bael buah (fruits), Asia: India, Sri Lanka
(Syn. Dacus caryeae Kapoor, 1971); fruit, golden apple), Citrus media tanam,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); spp., Citrus maxima, Citrus tanah
Indian fruit fly reticulata, Malpighia glabra,
mango), Pouteria sapota,
guava)
33. Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi); II Anacardium occidentale buah (fruits Asia: Bangladesh,
(Syn. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) correcta (jambu mete, cashew nut), (inc. pods), Bhutan, China, India,
(Bezzi), Chaetodacus correctus Bezzi, Areca catechu (pinang, media tanam Japan, Malaysia,
Dacus correctus (Bezzi)); betelnut palm), Artocarpus (growing Myanmar, Nepal,
- 39 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Diptera: Tephritidae); integer (cempedak, media Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
guava fruit fly champedak), Averrhoa associated Thailand, Vietnam
carambola (belimbing, with plants),
carambola), Carica papaya tanah (soil)
(pepaya, papaya), Citrus
maxima (pummelo), Citrus
reticulata (mandarin), Cucumis
melo (melon, melon),
Dimocarpus longan (longan
tree), Flacourtia indica
(governor's plum), Flacourtia
jangomas (Indian plum),
Madhuca longifolia (honey
tree), Malpighia glabra
(acerola), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Manilkara
zapota (sawo, sapodilla),
Mimusops elengi (spanish
cherry), Muntingia calabura
(Jamaica cherry), Musa x
paradisiaca (plantain),
Phyllanthus acidus (star
gooseberry), Prunus avium
(sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus
- 40 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(sour cherry), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Psidium
guajava (jambi biji, guava),
Spondias purpurea (red
mombin), Syzygium aqueum
(watery rose-apple), Syzygium
cumini (black plum), Syzygium
jambos (rose apple), Syzygium
malaccense (Malay apple),
(water apple), Terminalia
almond), Ziziphus jujuba
(common jujube), Ziziphus
mauritiana (jujube)
34. Bactrocera curvipennis (Froggatt); II Anacardium occidentale, buah (fruits), Oceania: New Caledonia,
(Syn. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) Annona reticulata, Averrhoa media tanam Vanuatu
curvipennis (Froggatt), Chaetodacus carambola (belimbing, star- (growing
curvipennis, Dacus curvipennis Frogg., fruit), Calophyllum inophyllum, media
Strumeta curvipennis (Froggat)); Capsicum annuum (cabai associated
(Diptera: Tephritidae); besar, paprika, bell pepper), with plants),
banana fruit fly Couthovia neo-caledonica, tanah (soil)
Carica papaya (pepaya,
papaya), Citrus spp. (jeruk,
- 41 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
orange), Casimiroa eludis,
Citrus latifolia, Citrus maxima,
Citrus reticulata, Citrus
sinensis, Citrus x paradisi,
Coffea arabica, Diospyros
macrocarpa, Euginia uniflora,
Eriobotrya japonica, Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Guettarda
speciosa, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Meremia
tuberosa, Malphigia glabra,
Morus alba, Ochrosia elleptica,
Psidium cattleianum, Psidium
friedrichstalianum, Psidium
Passiflora foetida, Prunus
Prunus persica, Prunus var.
nectaria, Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato),
Syzygium malaccense,
Thevetia peruviana, Terminalia
- 42 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
almond), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grape), Zizyphus mauritania
35. Bactrocera depressa (Shiraki); II Cucurbita moschata (waluh, buah (fruits), Asia: China, Japan,
(Syn. Bactrocera (Paradacus) labu, pumpkin), Cucurbita media tanam Republic of Korea (South
depressa (Shiraki), Bactrocera maxima (waluh, labu parang, (growing Korea), Taiwan
depressus, Dacus depressus (Shiraki), pumpkin) media
Paradacus depressus (Shiraki), associated
Zeugodacus depressus Shiraki); with plants),
(Diptera: Tephritidae); tanah (soil)
pumpkin fruit fly
36. Bactrocera jarvisi (Tryon); II Anacardium occidentale buah (fruits), Oceania: Australia
(Syn. Afrodacus jarvisi (Tryon), (jambu mete, cashew-nut), media tanam
Chaetodacus jarvisi Tryon, D. Annona glabra, Annona (growing
australis Hendel, Dacus jarvisi muricata (sirsak, soursop), media
(Tryon)); Areca catechu (pinang, associated
(Diptera: Tephritidae); betelnut palm), Averrhoa with plants),
Fiji fruitfly, Jarvis’s fruitfly carambola (belimbing, star- tanah (soil)
fruit), Carica papaya (pepaya,
papaya), Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Cydonia oblonga
(kwinsi, quince), Diospyros
blancoi, Diospyros kaki
(kesemek, persimmon), Feijoa
sellowiana, Fortunella japonica
- 43 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(kumkwat, kumquat), Malus
Malpighia emarginata,
mango), Musa paradisiaca
(pisang, kepok, plantain),
Opuntia sp., Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Passiflora
avocado), Planchonia careya,
Pouteria campechiana,
Pouteria caimito, Prunus
americana (aprikot, apricot),
Punica granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Spondias
(jambu air, star apple),
Syzygium malaccense (jambu
- 44 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
bol, malay apple), Syzygium
samarangense (jambu
Semarang, Java apple),
Terminalia arenicola,
Terminalia catappa (ketapang,
Indian almond)
37. Bactrocera kandiensis Drew & II Anacardium occidentale buah (fruits), Asia: Sri Lanka
Hancock; (jambu mete, cashew-nut), media tanam
(Syn. Bactrocera sp. near dorsalis (D) Annona glabra, Areca catechu (growing
(Hendel)); (pinang, betelnut palm), media
(Diptera: Tephritidae); Artocarpus integrifolius associated
Sri Lankan fruit fly (nangka, jackfuit), Artocarpus with plants),
heterophyllus (nangka, tanah (soil)
jackfruit), Averrhoa carambola
(belimbing, carambola, star-
fruit), Citrus maxima, Carica
mango), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Psidium
Punica granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Spondias
cytherea, Syzygium
- 45 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
aromaticum (cengkeh, clove),
star apple)
38. Bactrocera kinabalu Drew & Hancock; II Persea americana (avokad, buah (fruit), Asia: Malaysia
(Diptera: Tephritidae); avocado) media tanam
Kinabalu fruit fly (growing
media
associated
with plants),
tanah (soil)
39. Bactrocera neohumeralis (Hardy); II Achras (= Manilkara) zapota buah (fruits), Oceania: Australia,
(Syn. Chaetodacus humeralis Perkins, (sawo, sapodilla), Anacardium media tanam Papua New Guinea.
Chaetodacus tryoni var. sarcocephali occidentale (jambu mete, (growing
Tryon, Dacus neohumeralis Hardy, cashew), Annona spp. (buah media
Dacus tryoni var. neohumeralis nona, sirsak, srikaya, annona, associated
Hardy); soursop, sweetsop), Annona with plants),
(Diptera: Tephritidae); glabra, Annona muricata, tanah (soil)
lesser Queensland fruit fly Annona reticulata, Annona
squamosa (sugar apple),
Avverhoa carambola
(belimbing, carambola, star
fruit), Cananga odorata
(kenanga, cadmia), Carica
- 46 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),
Clausena lansium,
Calophyllum inophyllum
(nyamplung, Alexandrian
laurel), Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee), Capsicum annuum
(cabai besar, paprika, bell
pepper), Crateva religiosa,
Chrysophyllum cainito (kenitu,
sawo duren, cainito),
Casimiroa edulis,
Cyphomandra betacea,
Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat,
loquat), Eugenia dombeyi,
Eugenia uniflora, Feijoa
sellowiana, Fortunella japonica
(kumkwat, kumquat), Malus
Malpighia emarginata,
mango), Morus nigra (murbei,
mulberry), Musa x paradisiaca
- 47 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(pisang kepok, plantain),
Muntingia calabura (kersen,
talok, Jamaica cherry),
Myrciaria cauliflora, Psidium
Passiflora spp, Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, date-
palm), Pouteria caimito,
Prunus americana (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus domesticum
(prem, plum), Prunus persica
communis (pir, pear), Rollinia
mucosa, Rubus rosaefolius,
tomato), Solanum laciniatum,
Solanum seaforthianum,
Spondias mombin, Spondias
purpurea, Synsepa lum
dulcificum, Syzygium spp.,
Indian almond), Vitis labrusca,
Ziziphus jujuba.
40. Bactrocera passiflorae (Froggatt); II Anacardium occidentale, buah (fruits), Oceania: Fiji, Niue,
- 48 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) Artocarpus altilis, Carica media tanam Tonga, Tuvalu, Wallis-
passiflorae (Froggat), Chaetodacus papaya (pepaya, papaya), (growing Futuna
passiflorae (Froggat), Dacus Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), media
passiflorae (Froggat), Strumeta Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus associated
passiflorae (Froggat)); reticulata, Mangifera indica with plants),
(Diptera: Tephritidae); (mangga, mango), Passiflora tanah (soil)
Fijian fruit fly edulis, Passiflora
avocado), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava) Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa)
41. Bactrocera psidii (Frogg.); II Aleurites moluccana (kemiri, buah (fruits), Oceania: New Caledonia
(Syn. Dacus ornatissimus Frogg., candle nut), Anacardium media tanam
Dacus psidii (Frogg.), D. virgatus occidentale (jambu mete, (growing
Coquillett, Strumeta psidii (Frogg.), cashew-nut), Annona media
Tephritis psidii (Frogg.)); muricata, Annona reticulata, associated
(Diptera: Tephritidae); Annona squamosa (srikaya, with plants),
South Sea guava fruit fly sweetsop), Carica papaya tanah (soil)
(pepaya, papaya), Cerbera
manghas, Caryophyllus sp.,
Citrus maxima (jeruk Bali,
pummelo), Diospyros bicolor,
- 49 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Diospyros kaki, Diospyros
macrocarpa, Eugenia uniflora,
Diospyros sp., Ficus spp.,
mango), Malphigia glabra,
Morus alba, Psidium
cattleianum, Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Prunus
granatum, Prunus domestica
(persik, peach), Syzygium
aquea (jambu air, star apple),
Syzygium jambos, Syzygium
malaccense (jambu bol, malay
apple), Terminalia catappa
(ketapang, Indian almond),
Thevetia peruviana, Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grape)
42. Bactrocera pyrifoliae Drew & II Psidium guajava (jambu biji, buah (fruits), Asia: Thailand, Vietnam
Hancock; guava), Prunus persica (persik, media tanam
(Diptera: Tephritidae); peach), Pyrus pyrifolia (Pear) (growing
pyrifolia fruit fly media
associated
with plants),
- 50 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
tanah (soil)
43. Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt); II Achras (= Manilkara) zapota buah (fruits), Oceania: Australia,
(Syn. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (sawo, sapodilla), Aegle media tanam French Polynesia, New
(Froggat), Chaetodacus sarcocephali marmelos (maja, bael fruit), (growing Caledonia
Tryon, Chaetodacus tryoni (Froggat), Anacardium occidentale media
Dacus ferrugineus tryoni (Froggat), (jambu mete, cashew-nut), associated
Dacus tryoni (Froggat), Strumeta Anona spp, Averrhoa with plants),
melas Perkins & May, Strumeta tryoni carambola (belimbing, star- tanah (soil)
(Froggat), Tephritis tryoni Froggat); fruit), Annona squamosa
(Diptera: Tephritidae); (srikaya, sweetsop), Averrhoa
Queensland fruit fly bilimbi (belimbing sayur,
bilimbi), Blighia sapida, Carica
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee),
Capsicum annuum (cabai
besar, paprika, bell-pepper),
Casimiroa edulis, Cananga
odorata (kenanga, cadmia),
Citrus spp., Clausena lansium,
Calophyllum inophyllum
(nyamplung, alexander laurel),
Cucurbita maxima(waluh, labu
- 51 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
parang, pumpkin), Cydonia
oblonga (kwinsi, quince),
Cyphomandra betacea,
Dimocarpus longan
(kelengkeng, longan),
Dimocarpus litchii (leci,litchii),
Dovyalis caffra, Eriobotrya
japonica (lokwat, loquat),
Eremocitrus glauca, Eugenia
dombeyi, Eugenia uniflora,
Fortunella japonica (kumkwat,
kumquat), Feijoa sellowiana,
Ficus racemosa, Flacourtia
jangomas, Flacourtia rukam
(rukem, rukam), Fortunellax
crassifolia, Grewia asiatica,
Juglans regia (walnut,
walnut), Malus sylvestris
(crab-apple), Malpighia
emarginata, Mimusops elengi
(tanjung, asian bulletwood),
Momordica charantia (paria,
- 52 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
bitter gourd), Morus alba
(murbei, mulberry), Musa
paradisiaca (pisang kepok,
plantain), Myrciaria cauliflora,
mango), Morus nigra,
Nephelium lappaceum
(rambutan, rambutan),
Nerium oleander, Olea europea
subsp. europea (zaitum, olive),
Opuntia ficus-indica, Passiflora
Passiflora suberosa, Prunus
Passiflora foetida, Passiflora
passion fruit, granadilla),
Persea americana (avocad,
avocado), Phoenix dactylifera
(kurma, dates-palm), Physalis
peruviana (gooseberry),
- 53 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Pometia pinnata, Pouteria
campechiana, Pouteria caimito,
Pouteria sapota, Prunus spp.,
Psidium guineense, Punica
granatum (delima,
pomegranate), Phyllanthus
acidus, Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), Rollinia mucosa, Rollinia
pulchrinervis, Rubus fruticosa,
Rubus ursinus, Solanum
Solanum melongena (terung,
aubergine, eggplant), Solanum
spp., Spondias spp.,
Synsepalum dulcificum,
Syzygium spp., Syzygium
spp, Terminalia catappa
(ketapang, Indian almond),
Thevetia peruviana,
Trichosanthes cucumerina,
Vitis labrusca, Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Ziziphus
mauritiana
44. Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake); II Citrus spp.(jeruk, orange), buah (fruits), Asia: China, Japan,
- 54 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Dacus chenia, D. tsuneonis, Citrus aurantium, Citrus media tanam Taiwan, Vietnam
Tetradacus tsuneonis); reticulata, Citrus sinensis, (growing
(Diptera: Tephritidae); Fortunella margarita (oval media
Japanese orange fly, citrus fruit fly kumquat), Fortunella x associated
crassifolia, Musa spp. (pisang, with plants),
banana) tanah (soil)
45. Bactrocera zonata (Saunders, 1841); II Aegle marmelos (golden apple), buah (fruits), Africa: Egypt, Libya,
(Syn. Bactrocera maculigera Doleshall Annona squamosa (sugar media tanam Mauritius, Reunion,
(misidentification), Chaetodacus apple), Careya arborea (growing Sudan
zonatus (Saunders), Dacus (Strumeta) (tummy wood), Carica papaya media Asia: Bangladesh,
zonatus, Dacus mangiferae Cotes, (pepaya, papaya), Citrus, associated Bhutan, India, Iran, Iraq,
1893, Dacus persicae, Dacus persicus Cydonia oblonga (quince), with plants), Israel, Lao PDR (Laos),
(Biggot), Dacus zonatus (Saunders), Ficus carica (common fig), tanah (soil) Myanmar, Nepal, Oman,
Dasyneura zonata Saunders, Grewia asiatica (phalsa), Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Dasyneura zonatus Saunders, 1942, Luffa, Malus domestica (apel, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Rivellia persicae Bigot, 1889, apple), Mangifera indica United Arab Emirates,
Strumeta zonata (Saunders), Strumeta (mango, mangga), Momordica Vietnam, Yemen
zonatus Saunders); charantia (paria, bitter gourd),
(Diptera: Tephritidae); Phoenix dactylifera (kurma,
peach fruitfly, peach fruit fly, guava date-palm), Prunus persica
fruit fly (persik, peach), Psidium
Punica granatum
(pomegranate), Solanum
- 55 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
tuberosum (kentang, potato),
Indian almond)
46. Busseola fusca Fuller; II Eleusine coracana (finger akar (roots), Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Busseola sorghicida Thurau, millet), Hyparrhenis rufa batang Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Calamistis fusca Fuller, Sesamia (Jaragua grass), Hyparrhenia (stems (above Cameroon, Chad, DR
fusca Fuller); tamba, Megathyrsus maximus ground), Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); (Guinea grass), Oryza sativa trunks, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea,
African maize stalk borer, maize stalk (padi, paddy, rice), Pennisetum shoots, Ivory Coast, Kenya,
borer, maize stem borer, sorghum glaucum (bajra, pearl-millet), branches), Lesotho, Malawi,
stalk/stem borer Pennisetum purpureum bunga Mozambique, Nigeria,
(elephant grass), Rotboellia (flowers, Rwanda, Sierra Leone,
cochinchinensis (itch grass), inflorescence Somalia, South Africa,
Saccharum officinarum (tebu, s, cones, Sudan, Swaziland,
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor calyx), daun Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
(sorgum, sorghum), Sorghum (leaves), stalk Zambia, Zimbabwe
bicolor subsp. Verticiliforum,
Sorghum halepense (Johnson
grass), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
47. Carpomya pardalina Bigot; II Citrullus lanatus (semangka, buah (fruits), Asia: Afghanistan,
(Syn. Carpomyia caucasia Zaitzev, watermelon), Cucumis melo media tanam Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
1919, Myiopardalis carpalina, (melon, melon), Cucumis (growing Israel, Jordan,
Myiopardalis caucasia (Zaitzev), sativus (mentimun, media Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
- 56 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Myiopardalis pardalina (Biggot)); cucumber), Cucurbita maxima associated Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); (waluh, labu parang, with plants), Tajikistan, Turkey,
Baluchistan fruit fly pumpkin), Cucurbitaceae tanah (soil) Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Cyprus,
Russian Federation,
Ukraine
48. Caliothrips masculinus Hood; II Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, daun (leaves) America: Trinidad and
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae) cassava) Tobago
49. Carposina sasakii Matsumura; II Aronia arbutifolia, buah (fruits) Asia: China, DPR Korea
(Syn. Carposina niponensis Chaenomeles japonica, Cornus (North Korea), Japan,
Walsingham, Carposina persicana mas, Cratageus cuneata, Republic of Korea (South
(Ftch), Cydia persicana Sasaki); Cydonia oblonga (quince), Korea)
(Lepidoptera: Carposinidae); Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, Europe: Russian
peach fruit moth, peach fruit borer loquat), Malus spp., Malus Federation
domestica (apel, apple), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Prunus
Phoenix dactylifera (kurma,
dates-palm), Prunus
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry),
Prunus domestica (prem,
- 57 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
plum), Prunus dulcis (almon,
badam, almond), Sorbus
aucuparia, Ziziphus jujube
50. Caulophilus oryzae (Gyllenhal, 1838); II Cicer arietinum (kacang arab, akar (roots), America: Cuba,
(Syn. Caulophilus latinasus (auct, non chickpea), Panicum miliaceum biji (true Guatemala, Jamaica,
Say), Rhyncolus oryzae Gyllenhal, (millet), Pennisetum spp., Zea seeds (inc. Mexico, Panama, Puerto
1838); mays (jagung, corn, maize), grain), akar Rico, USA
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, rimpang Europe: Portugal
broad nosed grain weevil, broad sweet potato), Persea (rhizome),
nosed granary weevil americana (avokad, avocado), umbi (bulbs,
Zingiber officinale (jahe, tubers,
ginger) corms)
51. Cephus cinctus Norton; II Agropyron, Elymus, Hordeum batang, kayu America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Cephus occidentalis); vulgare (barli, barley), Phleum, Asia: Kazakhstan
(Hymenoptera: Cephidae); serealea (cerealia), Triticum Europe: Russian
wheat stem sawfly, western wheat- aestivum (gandum, wheat) Federation
stem fly
52. Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); II Achras (= Manilkara) zapota buah (fruits Africa: Algeria, Angola,
(Syn. Ceratitis citriperda MacLeay, (sawo, sapodilla), Anacardium (inc. pods)), Benin, Botswana,
Ceratitis hispanica Breme, occidentale (jambu mete, media tanam Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Pardalaspis asparagi Bezzi, Tephritis cashew-nut), Annona spp., (growing Cameroon, Cape Verde,
capitate Wiedemann); Annona reticulata, Coffea spp. media Comoros, DR Congo,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); (kopi, coffee), Capsicum associated Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly annuum (cabai besar, paprika, with plants), Gabon, Ghana, Guinea,
- 58 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
bell-pepper), Carica papaya tanah (soil) Ivory Coast, Kenya,
(pepaya, papaya), Citrus Liberia, Libya,
spp.(jeruk, orange), Citrus Madagascar, Malawi,
spp, Carissa spp., Mali, Morocco, Mauritius,
Chrysophyllum cainito, Mozambique, Niger,
Casimiroa edulis, Nigeria, Réunion, Saint
Cyphomandra betacea, Helena, Sao Tome and
Chrysophyllum oliviforme, Principe, Senegal,
Cydonia oblonga (quince), Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Diospyros spp., Dovyalis South Africa, Sudan,
caffra, Eugenia spp., Swaziland, Tanzania,
Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,
loquat), Eugenia dombeyi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Eugenia uniflora, Feijoa America: Argentina,
sellowiana, Fortunella japonica Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
(kumkwat, kumquat), Colombia, Costa Rica,
Dimocarpus litchii (leci,litchii), Ecuador, El Salvador,
Garcinia livingstonei, Garcinia Guatemala, Honduras,
mangostana (manggis, Nicaragua, Panama,
mangosteen), Gossypium Paraguay, Peru, USA,
barbadens (kapas, cotton), Uruguay, Venezuela
Juglans regia, Malus Asia: China, Iran, Iraq,
domestica (apel, apple), Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,
Malpighia glabra, Mangifera Saudi Arabia, Syria,
- 59 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
indica (mangga, mango), Turkey, Yemen
Morus, Mespilus germanica, Europe: Albania, Bosnia
Muntingia calabura (kersen, and Herzegovina,
talok, jamaica cherry), Bulgaria, Croatia,
Opuntia spp., Passiflora Cyprus, France, Greece,
coerulea, Phoenix dactylifera Italy, Malta, Montenegro,
(kurma, dates-palm), Physalis North Macedonia,
peruviana, Psidium longipes, Portugal, Romania,
Pouteria viridis, Punica Russian Federation,
granatum (delima, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain,
pomegranate), Persea Switzerland
americana (avokad, avocado), Oceania: Australia
guava), Pouteria sapota,
apricot), Prunus domestica
loganobaccus, Santalum
album, Solanum spp.,
Spondias cytherea, Syzygium
spp., Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato), Spondias
- 60 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(jambu air, star apple),
Indian almond), Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa), Thevetia
peruviana,Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
53. Ceratitis cosyra (Walker); II Anisophyllea laurina, Annona buah (fruits Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Ceratitis giffardi Bezzi, spp, Annona cherimola, (inc. pods)), Botswana, Burkina Faso,
Pardalaspis cosyra (Walker), P. Annona muricata, Annona media tanam Cameroon, Central
giffardi (Bezzi), Pardalaspis giffardi reticulata, Annona (growing African Republic, DR
var. Sarcocephali Bezzi, Pardalaspis senegalensis, Canopharyngia media Congo, Guinea, Ivory
parinarii Hering, Pardalaspis penduliflora, Citrus aurantium associated Coast, Kenya,
sarcocephali (Bezzi), Trypeta cosyra (jeruk nipis, lime), with plants), Madagascar, Malawi,
Walker); Chrysobalanus sp., Diospyros tanah (soil) Mali, Mozambique,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); mespiliformis, Dovyalis caffra, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
mango fruit fly, marula fruit fly Landolphia sp., Mangifera Leone, South Africa,
indica (mangga, mango), Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Nauclea latifolia, Parinari Zambia, Zimbabwe
mobola, Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Prunus
guava), Saba senegalensis,
- 61 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Sclerocarya birrea,
Sarcocephalus esculentus,
Uapaca kirkiana, Warburgia
ugandensis
54. Ceratitis punctata (Wiedemann); II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), buah (fruits Africa: Cameroon, DR
(Syn. Pardalaspis punctata Cucumis melo (melon, melon), (inc. pods)), Congo, Congo, Ghana,
(Wiedemann), Pardalaspis Chrysophyllum albidum, media tanam Guinea, Kenya, Senegal,
senegalensis (Macquart), Tephritis Mangifera indica (mangga, (growing Sierra Leone, South
senegalensis Macquart); mango), Psidium guajava media Africa, Tanzania,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); (jambu biji, guava), Passiflora associated Uganda, Zambia,
cacao fruit fly quadrangularis (markisa, with plants), Zimbabwe
granadilla, passion fruit), tanah (soil)
Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa)
55. Ceratitis quinaria (Bezzi); II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), buah (fruits Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Pardalaspis quinaria); Psidium guajava (jambu biji, (inc. pods)), Botswana, Burkina Faso,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); guava), Prunus americana media tanam Cameroon, Ethiopia,
Rhodesian fruit fly (aprikot, apricot), Prunus (growing Ivory Coast, Malawi,
persica (persik, peach) media Mali, Mozambique,
associated Namibia, Senegal, South
with plants), Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
tanah (soil) Zimbabwe
Asia: Yemen
56. Ceratitis rosa Karsch.; II Achras (=Manilkara) zapota buah (fruits Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya,
- 62 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Pterandrus rosa (Karsch)); (sawo, sapodilla), Annona (inc. pods)), Lesotho, Malawi,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); reticulate (fruit nona, custard media tanam Mozambique, Réunion,
Natal fruit fly apple), Averrhoa carambola (growing Seychelles, South Africa,
(belimbing, star-fruit), Carissa media Swaziland, Tanzania,
macrocarpa, Citrus spp.(jeruk, associated Zambia, Zimbabwe
orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, with plants),
coffee), Carica papaya tanah (soil)
(pepaya, papaya), Citrus spp,
Capsicum annuum (cabai
besar, paprika, bell-pepper),
Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi,
quince), Dimocarpus litchii
(leci, litchii), Eriobotrya
japonica (lokwat, loquat),
Eugenia uniflora, Ficus carica
(ara, fig), Garcinia mangostana
(manggis, mangosteen), Malus
mango), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Prunus
guava), Prunus domestica
- 63 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(prem, plum), Prunus
Psidium longipes, Pyrus
Syzygium spp., Solanum
Indian almond), Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine),
Ziziphus jujube
57. Chaetocnema confinis Crotch, 1873; II Abutilon hybridum (Indian daun (leaves), Africa: Comoros, Gambia,
(Syn. Chaetocnema etiennei Jolivet, mallow), Acer negundo (box tunas (buds), Ghana, Madagascar,
1979, Chaetocnema flavicornis elder), Acer platanoides bibit Malawi, Mauritius,
LeConte, 1878, Chaetocnema perplexa (Norway maple), Aesculus tanaman Réunion, Senegal,
Blake); (buckeye), Amaranthus (seedlings), Seychelles, South Africa
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); retroflexus (redroot pigweed), umbi (bulbs, America: Brazil, Canada,
flea beetle; sweet potato flea beetle; Arctium minus (common tubers, Ecuador, El Salvador,
flea beetle. burdock), Avena sativa (oats), corms, USA
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), rhizomes) Asia: Japan, Taiwan,
Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera Thailand, Vietnam
(bit gula, sugar beet), Brassica Europe: Guernsey
napus var. napus (rape), Oceania: French
Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera Polynesia, Guam,
- 64 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(turnip rape), Catalpa Marshall Islands, Palau
bignonioides (Southern
catalpa), Calystegia sepium
(great bindweed), Fragaria
vesca (wild strawberry),
Fraxinus americana (white
ash), Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium (kapas,
cotton), Helianthus tuberosus
(Jerusalem artichoke),
Hibiscus (rosemallows),
Ipomoea aquatica (swamp
morning-glory), Ipomoea
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet
potato), Ipomoea pandurata
(bigroot morningglory (USA)),
Malus domestica (apel, apple),
Medicago sativa (alfalfa,
lucerne), Mucuna
(velvetbeans), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau, tobacco),
Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean),
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
common bean), Pharbitis
- 65 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
purpurea (Tall morning glory),
apricot), Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus virginiana
(common chokecherry tree),
Rubus (blackberry, raspberry),
Secale cereale (rye), Solanum
Solanum nigrum (leunca, black
nightshade), Solanum
Tilia americana (basswood),
Trifolium pratense (purple
clover), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Zea mays
(jagung, corn, maize)
58. Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell; II Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, bibit America: Argentina,
(Syn. Capitophorus fragaefolii strawberry), Fragaria tanaman Bolivia, Canada, USA
Coclerell, Capitophorus fragariae chiloensis (Chilean (seedlings), Asia: Israel, Japan,
Theobald, Chaetosiphon fragariae, strawberry), Fragaria vesca daun (leaves), Philippines
Myzus fragaefolii, Myzus fragariae (wild strawberry), Fragaria tunas (buds) Europe: Belgium,
Theobald, 1912, Passerinia fragaefolii, vesca var. semperflorens Bulgaria, France,
Pentatrichopus fragaefolii Cockerell, (Perpetual strawberry), Rosa Germany, Italy,
- 66 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Pentatrichopus fragariae); rugosa Macedonia, Portugal,
(Hemiptera: Aphididae); Montenegro, Serbia,
strawberry aphid Spain, Switzerland,
United Kingdom
Zealand
59. Chilo orichalcociliellus (Strand); II Poaceae, Panicum miliaceum, batang Africa: Burundi, Kenya,
(Syn. Chilotraea argyrolepia, Diatraea Saccharum officinarum (tebu, (stems), daun Madagascar, Rwanda,
argyrolepia, Proceras argyrolepia, P. sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (leaves), Tanzania, Uganda
Argyrolepidus, P. Orichalcociliella, (sorgum, sorghum), Zea mays tangkai
Chilo argyrolepia, Diatraea (jagung, corn, maize) (stalk),
orichalcociliella); tongkol (ear)
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae);
coastal stalk borer
60. Chnootriba similis (Thunberg); II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang Africa: Ethiopia, Ghana,
(Syn. Epilachna similis (Thunberg)); rice) Pennisetum spp., (stems), daun Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal,
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, (leaves) South Africa, Sudan,
maize ladybird, maize ladybird beetle, sorghum), Triticum aestivum Tanzania, Uganda,
cereal ladybird (gandum, wheat), Zea mays Zimbabwe
(jagung, corn, maize).
61. Cholus cattleyae Champion, 1916; II anggrek (Orchidaceae) seluruh America: USA
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); bagian
cattleya weevil tanaman
(whole plants)
- 67 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
62. Chrysobothris femorata Oliv.; II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang America: Canada,
(Coleoptera: Buprestidae); Prunus persica (persik, peach), (stems), daun Mexico, USA
flatheaded apple-tree borer Pyrus communis (pir, pear), (leaves),
other stone fruit (buah batu tunas (buds)
lainnya)
63. Chrysobothris mali Horn.; II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang America: Canada, USA
(Coleoptera: Buprestidae); Prunus persica (persik, peach), (stems), daun
Pacific flatheaded apple tree borer Pyrus communis (pir, pear), (leaves),
other stone fruit (buah batu tunas (buds)
lainnya)
64. Cicadulina bipunctata (Melichar); II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia
(Syn. Cicadulina bipunctata rice), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, (stems), daun Asia: China, Japan,
bipunctella, Cicadulina bipunctella, sorghum), Saccharum (leaves) Philippines, Syria,
Cicadulina bipunctella zeae, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Taiwan, Turkey
Cicadulina zeae, Gnathodus Triticum aestivum (gandum, Europe: Italy
bipunctata); wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Oceania: Australia,
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); corn, maize) Papua New Guinea
maize leaf hopper, sorghum jassid
65. Cicadulina latens Fennah,1959; II Zea mays (jagung, corn, batang Africa: Cameroon,
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); maize) (stems), daun Ethiopia, Ghana,
Maize leaf hopper (leaves) Gambia, Guinea, Ivory
Coast, Kenya, Liberia,
Mali, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sudan, Somalia,
- 68 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Tanzania, Uganda
66. Cicadulina mbila (Naude); II Avena sativa (oat, oat), batang Africa: Angola,
(Syn. Balclutha mbila (Naude)); Cynodon spp., Digitaria (stems), daun Botswana, Burkina Faso,
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); sanguinalis, Eleusine (leaves) Cameroon, Cape Verde,
maize leafhopper coracana, Hordeum vulgare Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia,
(barli, barley), Oryza Kenya, Mauritius,
glaberrima, Oryza sativa (padi, Mozambique, Namibia,
paddy, rice), Panicum spp., Nigeria, Reunion, South
Paspalum conjugatum, Africa, Swaziland,
Pennisetum spp., Pennisetum Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
glaucum, Saccharum Zambia, Zimbabwe
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Asia: India, Tajikistan,
serealea (cerealia), Sorghum Yemen
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
Triticum aestivum (gandum,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize), Zea perennis
67. Cicadulina storeyi China; II Poaceae, Pennisetum glaucum, batang Africa: Nigeria, Northwest
(Syn. Cicadulina nicholsi, Cicadulina Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, (stems), daun Africa, Tanzania,
triangula); sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, (leaves) Zimbabwe
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); corn, maize)
maize leafhopper
68. Coccus alpinus De Lotto. 1960; II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), batang Africa: Burundi, Kenya,
- 69 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Hemiptera: Coccidae); Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), (stems), Rwanda, Tanzania,
soft green scale Psidium guajava (jambu biji, ranting Uganda
guava), Syzygium aquea (branches),
(jambu air, star apple) daun (leaves),
buah (fruit)
69. Coccus elongatus (Sanders, 1909); II Albizia falcataria (L.), Albazia batang Africa: Ghana,
(Hemiptera: Coccidae); spp., Acacia catechu, Acecia, (stems), Seychelles, Tanzania,
Scale insect elenoxylon, Coffee spp. (Kopi, ranting Uganda
coffee) (branches), America: Barbados
daun (leaves) Asia: India
Europe: United Kingdom
(England)
70. Coelaenomenodera elaeidis Maulik, II Borassus flabelifer (lontar, batang, daun Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); toddy palm), Cocos nucifera Botswana, Cameroon,
hispid leafminer, oilpalm leafminer (kelapa, coconut), Elaeis, Congo, DR Congo,
Pennisetum purpureum Ghana, Ivory Coast,
(rumput gajah, elephant Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra
grass), Roystonea regia (palem Leone, South Africa,
raja, royal palm) Swaziland, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
71. Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst, II Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, buah (fruit), America: Canada, USA
1797); quince), Diospyros kaki tanah (soil)
(Syn. Curculio nenuphar Herbts, (kesemek, persimmon),
1797, Rhynchaenus argula Fabricius, Fragaria ananassa (stroberi,
- 70 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1801, Rhynchaenus cerasi Peck, strawberry), Malus domestica
1819); (apel, apple), Prunus
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); americana (aprikot, apricot),
plum curculio, American, plum Prunus japonica, Pyrus
weevil, peach curculio communis (pir, pear), Prunus
persica (persik, peach), Prunus
avium, Prunus domestica
(prem, plum), Prunus cerasus
(ceri, cherry), other stone
fruit, Ribes spp., Vaccinium
spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Vitis rotundifolia
72. Coptotermes acinaciformis Froggatt; II Pinus radiata, Saccharum Batang Oceania: Australia, Cook
(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae); officinarum (tebu, sugarcane) (stems), kayu Islands, Fiji, Kiribati,
subterranean termite (woods), akar Marshall Islands,
(roots), media Federated States of
tanam Micronesia, Nauru, New
(growing Zealand, Niue, Palau,
media Papua New Guinea,
associated Samoa, Solomon Islands,
with plants), Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu
tanah (soil)
73. Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, II Acer rubrum, Chamaecyparis batang Africa: South Africa
1909; thyoides, Cinnamomum (stems), kayu America: USA
- 71 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Coptotermes formosae camphora, Eucalyptus, (woods), Asia: China, Taiwan
Holmgren, 1911, Coptotermes Fraxinus berlanderiana, furniture
hongkongensis Oshima, 1914, Liquidambar styracifua, Picea
Coptotermes intrudens Oshima, 1920, engelmannii, Pinus (pines),
Coptotermes remotus Silvestri, 1928, Quercus (oak), Saccharum
Termes gestroi Oshima, 1911, Termes officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
raffrayi Matsumura, 1910); Taxodium distichum
(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae);
Formosan subterranean termite,
Formosan termite
74. Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann); II Acacia nilotica (gum arabic batang, kayu, Asia: Bangladesh, India,
(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) tree), Eucalyptus tereticornis akar (roots) Pakistan
(forest red gum), Morus
(mulberry tree), Populus
(poplars), Prunus domestica
(prem, plum), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane)
75. Corythucha marmorata (Uhler, 1878); II Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, batang America: USA
(Hemiptera: Tingidae); chrysant) (stems), daun Asia: Japan
Chrysanthemum lace bug (leaves),
bunga
(inflorescence
s)
76. Crioceris asparagi (Linnaeus); II Asparagus officinalis batang America: Canada, USA.
- 72 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); (asparagus, asparagus) (stems), daun Europe: Albania,
Asparagus beetle (leaves), Andorra, Armenia,
bunga Austria, Azerbaijan,
(inflorescence Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
s) and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Malta,
Moldova, Monaco,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
77. Cydia pomonella Linnaeus; II Malus domestica (apel, apple), buah (fruits) Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
- 73 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Carpocapsa pomonana Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Libya, Mauritius,
Treitschke, Carpocapsa pomonella Prunus americana (aprikot, Morocco, Portugal, South
Linnaeus, Enarmonia pomonella apricot), Prunus persica Africa, Tunisia
Linnaeus, Laspeyresia pomonella (persik, peach), Prunus America: Argentina,
Linnaeus, Phalaena pomonella domestica (prem, plum), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Linnaeus); Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Chile, Colombia, Mexico,
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); Prunus dulcis (almon, badam, Peru, Uruguay, USA
codling moth, walnut worm almond), Zea mays (jagung, Asia: Afghanistan, China,
corn, maize) Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Albania,
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Austria, Belarus,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
- 74 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Moldova, Montenegro,
Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland,
Ukraine, United Kingdom
Zealand
78. Cylas puncticollis Boheman, 1833; II Abelmoschus, Astripomoea batang Africa: Burundi,
(Syn. Cylas compressus Hartmann); lachnosperma, Boerhavia, (stems (above Cameroon, Cape Verde,
(Coleoptera: Apionidae); Celosia, Coffea spp. (kopi, ground), Central Africa, Chad,
African sweet potato weevil, sweet coffee), Commelina, trunks/ Congo, DR Congo,
potato weevil Corchorus, Hibiscus, Ipomoea shoots/ Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet branches), Coast, Kenya,
potato), Ipomoea eriocarpa, daun (leaves), Madagascar, Malawi,
Sesamum indicum (wijen, umbi (bulbs, Mali, Mozambique, Niger,
sesame), Vigna cylindricaI tubers, Nigeria, Rwanda,
(kacang tunggak, long bean), rhizomes) Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Vigna unguiculata (kacang Somalia, Sudan,
panjang, cowpea), Zea mays Tanzania, Uganda,
(jagung, corn, maize) Zambia
- 75 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
79. Dacus ciliatus Loew; II Citrullus colocynthis, Citrus buah (fruits), Africa: Angola,
(Syn. Dacus appoxanithus var. decolor sinensis, Cucumis sativus media tanam Cameroon, DR Congo,
Bezzi, Dacus brevistylus Bezzi, Dacus (mentimun, cucumber), (growing Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
coccinae Premlata & Singh, Dacus Coccinia trilobata, media Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
insistens Curran, Dacus Sigmoides Corallocarpus ellipticus, associated Lesotho, Malawi,
Coquillett, Didacus ciliates (Loew), Cucumis aculeatus, Cucumis with plants), Mauritius, Mayotte,
Leptoxyda ciliate (Loew), Tridacus africanus, Cucumis dipsaceus, tanah (soil) Mozambique, Namibia,
mallyi Munro [nomen nudum]); Cucumis melo, Cucumis Niger, Nigeria, Reunion,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); metuliferus, Cucumis Rwanda, Saint Helena,
lesser melon fly, lesser pumpkin fly myriocarpus, Cucurbita Senegal, Somalia, South
maxima, Cucurbita pepo (labu Africa, Northwest Africa,
kuning, zukini, zucchini), Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Cucurbitaceae, Kedrostis Uganda, Zambia,
foetidissima, Kedrostis leloja, Zimbabwe
Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa Asia: Bangladesh, India,
acutangula, Luffa aegyptiaca, Iran, Israel, Jordan,
Momordica balsamina, Myanmar, Oman,
Momordica charantia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Momordica rostrata, Peponium Saudi Arabia, Thailand,
mackenii, Solanum United Arab Emirates,
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Yemen
Trichosanthes cucumerina var.
anguinea
80. Delia antiqua Meigen; II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, batang Africa: Crozet Islands,
- 76 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Anthomyia antiqua, Anthomyia onion), Allium ascalonicum (stems), daun Egypt
ceparum, Chortophila antiqua, Delia (bawang merah, shallot), (leaves), umbi America: Antigua and
cepetorum, Hylemya antiqua, H. Allium porrum (bawang prei, (bulbs, Barbuda, Brazil, Canada,
ceparum, Leptohylemyia antique, leek), Allium cepa var. tubers, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Pegomyia ceparum, Pegomyia Aggregatum, Allium fistulosum, corms, Mexico, USA
cepetorum, Phorbia ceparum, Phorbia Allium sativum (bawang putih, rhizomes), Asia: China, DPR Korea
cepetorum, Phorbia antiqua); garlic), Allium schoenoprasum, media tanam (North Korea), Georgia,
(Diptera: Anthomyiidae); Allium spp. (growing India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
onion maggot, onion fly media Japan, Kazakhstan,
associated Mongolia, Philippines,
with plants), Republic of Korea (South
tanah (soil), Korea), Turkey
akar (roots) Europe: Armenia,
Austria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy,
Lithuania, North
Macedonia, Malta,
- 77 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russia, Serbia,
United Kingdom,
81. Delia arambourgi (Seguy); II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang Africa: Ethiopia
(Syn. Delia dispar (BEZZI), Hylemya sugarcane), serealia lainnya (stems), daun
dispar (BEZZI), Hylemya arambourgi (other cerealia), Triticum (leaves), akar
Seguy); aestivum (gandum, wheat), (roots), media
(Diptera: Anthomyiidae); Zea mays (jagung, corn, tanam
barley fly maize) (growing
media
associated
with plants),
tanah (soil)
82. Delia platura (Meigen); II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, biji (true Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Anthomyia cana, Anthomyia onion), Allium sativum (garlic), seeds (inc. Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
Corelia, Anthomyia deceptiva, Allium ascalonicum (bawang grain)), akar Madagascar, Morocco,
Anthomyia diversa, Anthomyia merah, shallot), Asparagus (roots), media Rwanda, Saint Helena,
funesta, Anthomyia lanicrus, officinalis (asparagus, tanam South Africa, Sudan,
Anthomyia perrima, Anthomyia asparagus), Beta vulgaris (bit, (growing Tanzania, Tunisia,
platura, Anthomyia platygaster, beetroot), Brassica oleracea media Uganda, Zimbabwe
Anthomyia radicum var. Calopteni, var. botrytis (bunga kol, associated America: Argentina,
- 78 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Anthomyia raphani, Anthomyia cauliflower), Brassica oleracea with plants), Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
rubifrons, Anthomyia sergia, capitata (kubis, cabbage), tanah (soil) Canada, Chile, Colombia,
Anthomyia tinia, Anthomyia trifilis, Citrullus lanatus, Citrullus Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Anthomyia tyana, Anthomyia viana, vulgaris (semangka, Greenland, Mexico, Peru,
Anthomyia zeas, Aricia fusciceps, watermelon), Cucumis sativus Uruguay, USA, Uruguay,
Chortophila cana, Chortophila (mentimun, cucumber), Venezuela
deceptiva, Chortophila prisca, Glycine max (kedelai, Asia: China, DPR Korea
Chortophila rubifrons, Chortophila soyabean), Gossypium (North Korea), Georgia,
spinipes, Chortophila trifilis, Delia hirsutum, Hordeum vulgare India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
cilicrura, Delia prisca, Dialyta (barli, barley), Juniperus na, Japan, Kazakhstan,
cupreifrons, Eriphia marginata, Larix laricina, Nicotiana Lebanon, Nepal,
Homalomyia rava, Hylemya cana, tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Pakistan, Republic of
Hylemya deceptiva, Hylemya Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus Korea (South Korea),
fusciceps, Hylemya platura, Hylemya coccineus, Pinus merkusii Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
prisca, Hylemya spinipes, Hylemya (tusam, pinetree) albus, Pisum Syria, Taiwan, Turkey,
trifilis, Pegomyia fusciceps, Phorbia sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Uzbekistan, Yemen
cilicrura, Phorbia Fusciceps, Phorbia Raphanus sativus (lobak, Europe: Albania, Austria,
novazealandica, Phorbia prisca, radish), Solanum tuberosum Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Phorbia spinipes, Hylemya Cilicrura, (kentang, potato), Spinacia Belgium, Bosnia and
Chortophila cilicrura, Phorbia platura); oleracea (bayam, spinach), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
(Diptera: Anthomyiidae); Triticum aestivum (gandum, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
corn seed maggot, bean seed fly, seed wheat), Trifolium repens Republic, Denmark,
potato maggot (semanggi putih, white clover), Faroes Islands, Finland,
Vicia faba, Vigna spp. (buncis, France, Germany,
- 79 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, Greece, Hungary,
corn, maize) Iceland, Italy, North
Macedonia, Montenegro,
Poland, Portugal,
Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain,
Zealand
83. Delia radicum Linnaeus; II Armoracia rusticana, Brassica batang Africa: Algeria, Morocco
(Syn. Anthomyia brassicae, A. oleracea capitata (kubis, (stems (above America: Canada, USA
radicum, Aricia villipes, Chortophila cabbage), Brassica oleracea, ground), Asia: China, Georgia,
appendiculata, Chortophila floccosa, Brassica oleracea var. shoots, Israel, Kazakhstan,
Chortophila frontalis, Delia brassicae, gemmifera, Brassica oleracea trunks, Turkey, Uzbekistan
Eustalomyia brassicae, Hylemya subsp. italica, Brassica napus branches, Europe: Armenia,
brassicae, H. brassicae, Musca var. napobrassica, Brassica daun (leaves), Austria, Belarus,
radicum, Pegomya brassicae, rapa subsp. pekinensis, akar (roots), Belgium, Bosnia and
Erioischia brassicae, Chortophila Cruciferae, Matthiola spp., media tanam Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
brassicae, Phorbia brassicae); Raphanus sativus (lobak, (growing Croatia, Czech Republic,
(Diptera: Anthomyiidae); radish) media Denmark, Estonia,
cabbage maggot, cabbage root fly, associated Finland, France,
radish fly with plants, Germany, Hungary,
- 80 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
tanah (soil) Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Moldova,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
84. Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, II Pinus spp. batang America: USA, Canada
1902; (stems (above
(Syn. Dendroctonus monticolae ground),
Hopkins, 1905); shoots,
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae); trunks),
Black Hills beetles, pine beetle, ranting
mountain pine beetles (branches),
kayu (woods),
kulit kayu
(bark)
85. Diabrotica undecimpunctata II Arachys hypogaea (kacang batang America: Canada, El
Mannerheim; tanah, peanut), Cucumis melo (stems), akar Salvador, Guatemala,
(Syn. Chrysomela duodecimpunctata, (melon, melon), Cucumis (roots), daun Mexico, Nicaragua, USA
Crioceris sexpunctata, Diabrotica sativus (mentimun, (leaves), Oceania: Guam
- 81 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
duodecimpunctata, D. soror, D. cucumber), Chenopodium bunga
undecimpunctata subsp. Howardi quinoa, Citrullus vulgaris (flowers,
Barber); (semangka, watermelon), inflorescence
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); Citrullus lanatus, Cucurbita s,cones,
12-spotted cucumber beetle, pepo (labu kuning, zukini, calyx), media
southern corn rootworm, spotted zucchini) tanam
cucumber beetle, western spotted Glycine max (kedelai, (growing
cucumber beetle soyabean), Ipomoea media
batatas(ubi jalar, sweet associated
potato), Phaseolus vulgaris with plants)
(buncis, common bean), Vigna
spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize)
86. Diaprepes abbreviatus II Achras (=Manilkara) zapota akar (roots), America: Antigua and
(Linnaeus,1758); (sawo, sapodilla), batang Barbuda, Barbados,
(Syn. Curculio abbreviatus Linnaeus, Aeschynomene americana, (stems), daun Costa Rica, Dominica,
1758, Diaprepes festivus (Fabricius, Aloe vera, Apium graveolens, (leaves) French Guiana, Grenada,
1792), Diaprepes irregularis (Panzer, Arachis hypogaea (kacang Guadeloupe,
1798), Diaprepes quadrilineatus tanah, peanut), Ardisia crispa, Haiti, Jamaica,
(Olivier, 1807), Exophthalmus Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, Martinique, Montserrat,
abbreviatus); pigeon pea), Canavalia Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); gladiata, Capsicum annuum and Nevis, St. Lucia,
Citrus weevil, sugarcane rootstalk (cabai besar, bell-pepper), Saint Vincent and the
borer weevil, Citrus weevil, sugarcane Cedrela odorata, Ceiba Grenadines, Trinidad and
- 82 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
rootstalk borer weevil, West Indian pentandra (kapuk, kapok), Tobago, USA
weevil, West Indian sugarcane root Centrosema pubescens,
borer, West Indian weevil Chrysobalanus icaco,
Canocarpus erectus,
Crotalaria, Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Coffea spp. (kopi,
coffee), Dioscorea spp.,
Dimocarpus longan, Dioscorea,
Diospyros virginiana,
Dizygotheca elegantissima,
Eriobitrya japonica, erythrina
barteroana, Erythrina
poeppigiana, Euginia uniflora,
Faramea occidentalis,
Gladiolus hybrids, Gliricidia
sepium, Guaiacum officinale,
Hoya carnosa, Ipomoea
potato), Jatropha curcas,
Juniperus conferta, Juniperus
virginiana, Lablab purpureus,
Lagerstromia speciosa,
- 83 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
mango), Maranta leuconeura,
Mucuna pruriens, Manihot
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava),
Musa spp. (pisang, banana),
Nephelium lappaceum
(rambutan, rambutan), Persea
Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean),
common bean), Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, dates-
palm), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava),
Rhizophora mangle, Ricinus
communis (jarak kepyar,
castor bean), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane),
Schinus terebinthifolius,
Solanum melongena(terung,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum,
sorghum), Spondias mombin,
Spondias purpurea, Swietenia
- 84 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
macrophylla, Swietenia
mahagoni, Syzygium jambos,
sugarcane), Terminalia
almond), Urena lobata,
Ximenia americana,
Zanthoxylum, Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa), Zea
87. Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret; II Ananas comosus (nanas, batang America: Antigua and
(Syn.Aulacaspis boisduvalii, Diaspos pineapple), Cocos nucifera (stems), daun Barbuda, Barbados,
palmarum); (kelapa, coconut), Musa spp. (leaves), stalk Bermuda, Brazil,
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae); (pisang, banana) (khusus A. Dominica, French
boisduval scale, coconut snow scale, comosus) Guiana, Guadelope,
orchid, scale, pinapple scale Guyana, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts
and Nevis
88. Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang America: Antigua and
(Syn. Chilo obliteratellus, Crambus rice), Panicum (stems), daun Barbuda, Argentina,
leucaniellus, C. lineosellus, C. dichotomiflorum, Sorghum (leaves) Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,
sacchari, Diatraea continens, D. bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Brazil, British Virgin
crambidoides, D. pedidocta, D. Sorghum halepense, Islands, Colombia, Costa
- 85 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
saccharalis va grenadensis, D. Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
sacchari, D. sacchari f. brasiliensis, sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Phalaena saccharalis, D. obliteratella, corn, maize) French Guiana, Grenada,
D. obliteratellus, D. incomparella); Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae); Guyana, Haiti,
sugarcane stalk borer, sugarcane Honduras, Jamaica,
borer, sugarcane moth borer, Martinique, Mexico,
American sugarcane borer, small Montserrat, Nicaragua,
moth borer, small sugarcane moth Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
borer Puerto Rico, St. Saint
Kitts and Nevis, St. Saint
Lucia, St. Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
89. Diopsis longicornis Macquart; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang Africa: Benin, Botswana,
(Syn. Diasemopsis macrophthalma rice) (stems), daun Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
(Dalman), Diopsis macrophtalma (leaves) Central African Republic,
Dalm, Diopsis thoracica Westwood); Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana,
(Diptera: Diopsidae); Guinea, Ivory Coast,
stalk-eyed fly Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Senegal,
- 86 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda, Sierra
Leone, Togo, West Africa,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia: India, Philippines
90. Diorymerellus laevimargo Champion, II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) batang America: Argentina,
1916; (stems), daun Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); (leaves), Chile, Dominican
orchid weevil bunga Republic, Ecuador,
(flowers) French Guiana,
Paraguay, Peru,
Uruguay, Venezuela
91. Diparopsis castanea Hampson, 1902; II Cefenfuegosia heldebrandii, batang Africa: Botswana,
(Syn. Diparopsis watersi. Rothschild); Gossypium barbadens (kapas, (stems), daun Malawi, Mozambique,
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); cotton), Gossypioides kirkii; (leaves), buah Nigeria, South Africa,
red bollworm, red Sudan bollworm, Thespesia spp. (fruit), biji Swaziland, Tanzania,
red Sudan cotton worm, red cotton (benih) Zambia, Zimbabwe
bollworm
92. Distantiella theobromae (Distant); II Adansonia digitata, Ceiba batang Africa: Cameroon, Congo,
(Hemiptera: Miridae); pentandra (kapuk randu, (stems), daun Ghana, Ivory Coast,
cocoa capsid, brown capsid, cocoa kapok), Citrus spp. (jeruk, (leaves), buah Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
capsid stem sapper orange), Theobroma cacao (fruits), Togo
(kakao, cocoa) pucuk
- 87 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
tanaman
(tips, buds)
93. Drosophila suzukii Matsumura; II Actinidia, Actinidia arguta buah (fruits), Africa: Morocco, Reunion
(Syn. Drosophila (Sophophhora) (tara vine), Ampelopsis, bunga America: Argentina,
suzukii (Matsumura), Drosophila Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (flowers) Brazil, Canada, Chile,
suzukii (Matsumura) Kanzawa); (Amur amelopsis), Arbutus Ecuador Mexico, USA,
(Diptera: Drosophilidae); unedo (arbutus), Aucuba Uruguay
Cherry fruit fly, spotted wing japonica (Japanese aucuba), Asia: Bangladesh, China,
drosophila, spotted-wing drosophila Cornus (Dogwood), Diospyros DPR Korea (North Korea),
kaki (persimmon), Diospyros India, Iran, Japan,
virginiana (persimmon Myanmar, Pakistan
(common)), Elaeagnus Republic of Korea (South
multiflora (cherry silverberry), Korea), Taiwan, Thailand,
Elaeagnus umbellata (autumn Turkey
olive), Eugenia uniflora Europe: Austria,
(Surinam cherry), Ficus, Ficus Belgium, Bosnia-
carica (common fig), Fragaria Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
(strawberry), Fragaria Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
ananassa (strawberry), Republic, France,
Frangula alnus (alder Germany, Greece,
buckthorn), Gaultheria Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
adenothrix, Lindera benzoin Montenegro,
(spicebush), Lonicera Netherlands, Poland,
(honeysuckles), Lonicera Portugal, Romania,
- 88 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
caerulea, Malus domestica Russian Federation,
(apel, apple), Morus Serbia, Slovakia,
(mulberrytree), Morus alba Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
(mora), Morus bombycis Switzerland, United
(Japanese mulberry), Morus Kingdom
rubra (red mulberrytree), Oceania: French
Murraya paniculata (orange Polynesia
jessamine), Myrica rubra,
Phytolacca americana
(pokeweed), Prunus (stone
fruit), Prunus armeniaca
(apricot), Prunus avium (sweet
cherry), Prunus domestica
(prem, plum), Prunus japonica
(Japanese bush cherry tree),
Prunus laurocerasus (cherry
laurel), Prunus mahaleb
(mahaleb cherry), Prunus
mume (Japanese apricot tree),
Prunus nipponica, Prunus
persica (peach), Prunus
persica var. nucipersica
(nectarine), Prunus sargentii
(sargent's cherry), Ribes
- 89 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(currants), Rubus (blackberry,
raspberry), Rubus armeniacus
(Himalayan blackberry),
Rubus fruticosus (blackberry),
Rubus hirsutus, Rubus idaeus
(raspberry), Rubus laciniatus
(cutleaf blackberry), Rubus
loganobaccus (loganberry),
Rubus spectabilis
(salmonberry), Rubus
triphyllus, Rubus ursinus
(boysenberry), Sambucus
nigra (elder), Solanum
dulcamara (bittersweet
nightshade), Solanum luteum,
Symphoricarpos albus
(common snowberry), Taxus
baccata (English yew),
Vaccinium (blueberries),
Vaccinium angustifolium
(Lowbush blueberry),
Vaccinium corymbosum
(blueberry), Vaccinium
myrtillus (blueberry), Viscum
- 90 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
album (mistletoe), Vitis
(grape), Vitis labrusca (fox
grape), Vitis vinifera
(grapevine)
94. Eldana saccharina Walker, 1865; II Cyperus (flatsedge), Cyperus batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Eldana conipyga Strand, 1912); alternifolius, Cyperus (stems), daun Botswana, Burkina Faso,
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae); digitatus, Megathyrsus (leaves) Burundi, Cameroon,
sugarcane stalk borer, African maximus, Oryza sativa (padi, Chad, Congo,DR Congo,
sugarcane borer paddy, rice), Phragmites Equatorial Guinea,
australis, Saccharum Ethiopia, Gabon,
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Bissau, Guinea, Ivory
sorghum), Typha latifolia, Zea Coast, Kenya, Liberia,
mays (jagung, corn, maize) Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda,
South Africa, Sudan,
Swaziland, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Asia: Saudi Arabia
95. Empoasca onukii Matsuda; II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) batang Asia: Japan, Thailand
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); (stems), daun
- 91 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
tea green leafhopper (leaves)
96. Epicauta albovittata Gestro, 1878; II Arachys hypogaea (kacang batang Africa: Kenya
(Coleoptera: Meloidae); tanah, peanut), Capsicum (stems), daun
stripped blister beetle annuum (cabai besar, paprika, (leaves), buah
bell-pepper, hot pepper, (fruits)
chilies, red pepper), Glycine
max (kedelai, soyabean),
Solanaceae
97. Epicauta vittata (Fabricius); II Medicago sativa (alfalfa, batang Africa: DR Congo
(Coleoptera: Meloidae); lucerne), Solanum tuberosum (stems), daun America: Canada, USA
stripped blister beetle (kentang, potato) (leaves), buah
(fruits)
98. Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, 1850; II Citrus aurantifolia, Glycine batang Asia: Japan
(Syn. Epilachna corrupta Mulsant, max (kedelai, soyabean), (stems), daun America: Canada,
1850, Epilachna Maculiventris Bland, Lablab purpureus (hyacinth (leaves), Colombia, Costa Rica, El
1864); bean), Medicago sativa (alfalfa, polong (pods) Salvador, Guatemala,
(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); Lucerne), Melilotus albus Honduras, Mexico, USA
Mexican bean beetle, bean ladybeetle, (honey clover), Phaseolus
bean ladybird acutifolius, Phaseolus lunatus,
common bean), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang panjang,
cowpea), leguminoceae
lainnya (other legumes)
- 92 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
99. Ernobius mollis (Linnaeus); II Picea abies, Pinus batang America: USA
(Syn. Anobium mollis L.) (stems), kayu Europe: Italy, Spain
(Coleoptera: Anobiidae); (woods), kulit Oceania: Australia
pine bark anobiid kayu (barks)
100. Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus, 1758); II Acer campestre (field maple), buah (fruits), Africa: Canary Islands
(Syn. Calypticus fasciatus Costa, Acer circinatum, Acer bibit America: Canada, USA
1829, Coccus aceris Fabricius, 1794, macrophyllum, Acer negundo, tanaman Asia: Georgia, India, Iran,
Coccus aceris campestris Schrank, Acer platanoides, Acer (seedlings) Iraq, Israel, Pakistan,
1801, Coccus aesculi Kollar, 1848 pseudoplatanus, Aesculus Turkey
(nomen nudum), Coccus alni Modeer, pavia, Alnus rubra, Aesculus Europe: Armenia,
1778, Coccus capreae Linnaeus, hippocastanum (buckeye), Azerbaijan, Bosnia and
1767, Coccus coryli Linnaeus, 1758 Betula papyrifera, Betula Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
(rejected name), Coccus fuscus pubescens, Carpinus betulus, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Gmelin, 1790, Coccus mali Schrank, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus Republic, Denmark,
1781, Coccus pyri Schrank, 1801, avellana, Fragaria vesca (wild France, Germany,
Coccus rubi Schrank, 1801, Coccus strawberry), Crataegus Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
salicum Fabricius, 1781, Coccus tiliae monogyna (hawthorn), Italy, Latvia, Malta,
Linnaeus, 1758, Coccus xylostei Cydonia oblonga (quince), Moldova, Montenegro,
Schrank, 1801, Eulecanium aceris Ficus, Fraxinus Netherlands, North
(Curtis) Fernald, 1903 (erroneous (ashes),Holodiscus discolor, Macedonia, Poland,
authorship), Eulecanium aesculi Juglans regia, Malus Portugal, Romania,
(Kollar) Fernald, 1903 (nomen sylvestris, Myrica gale, Malus Russia, Serbia, Slovakia,
nudum), Eulecanium alni (Modeer) domestica (apple), Prunus Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Fernald, 1903, Eulecanium capreae domestica (prem, plum), Switzerland, Ukraine,
- 93 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Linnaeus) Fernald, 1903, Eulecanium Prunus persica (persik, peach), United Kingdom
cerasi (Goethe) Fernald, 1903, Prunus salicina (Japanese (Scotland)
Eulecanium coryli (Linnaeus) plum), Pyrus communis (pir,
Cockerell, 1901, Eulecanium coryli European pear), Parrotia
cimbricus Wünn, 1937, Eulecanium persica, Pistacia palestina,
curtisi Kirkaldy, 1904, Eulecanium Populus alba, Populus
emerici (Planchon) Leonardi, 1908, Canadensis, Prunus
Eulecanium fasciatum (Costa) armeniaca (aprikot, apricot),
Fernald, 1903, Eulecanium fuscum Prunus cerasifera, Prunus
(Gmelin) Cockerell, 1901, Eulecanium cerasus, Prunus laurocerasus,
gyrcanicum Hadzibejli, 1967, Prunus spinosa, Quercus
Eulecanium ibericum Hadzibejli, 1960, iberica, Quercus ilex, Quercus
Eulecanium mali (Schrank) robur, Quercus suber, Salix
Borchsenius, 1955, Eulecanium pyri caprea, Salix viminalis,
(Schrank) Fernald, 1903, Eulecanium Sorbus, Tilia cordata, Ulmus
rubi (Shrank) Fernald, 1903, glabra, Ulmus minor,
Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus) Fernald, Vaccinium myrtillus
1903, Eulecanium variegatum (blueberry), Vitis vinifera
(Goethe) Fernald, 1903, Eulecanium (anggur, grapevine)
websteri mirabile (King) Fernald,
1903, Globulicoccus fuscus (Gmelin)
MacGillivray, 1921, Lecanium
(Eulecanium) aesculi (Kollar)
Cockerell, 1896 (nomen nudum),
- 94 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Lecanium (Eulecanium) capreae
(Linnaeus) Cockerell, 1896, Lecanium
(Eulecanium) cerasi Goethe; Cockerell,
1896, Lecanium (Eulecanium)
genevense Targioni Tozzetti;
Cockerell, 1896, Lecanium
(Eulecanium) hoferi King, in Hofer,
1903, Lecanium (Eulecanium)
juglandis Bouché; Cockerell, 1896,
Lecanium (Eulecanium) rubi (Schrank)
Cockerell, 1896, Lecanium
(Eulecanium) variegatum Goethe;
Cockerell & Parrott, 1899, Lecanium
(Globulicoccus) fuscum (Gmelin)
Lindinger, 1907, Lecanium (Saissetia)
capreae (Linnaeus) Reh, 1903,
Lecanium aesculi (Kollar) Signoret,
1874 (nomen nudum), Lecanium alni
(Modeer) Signoret, 1869, Lecanium
berberidis (Schrank) Signoret, 1874
(misidentification), Lecanium cerasi
Goethe, 1884, Lecanium coryli
(Linnaeus) Marchal, 1908, Lecanium
fasciatum (Costa) Walker, 1852,
- 95 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Lecanium fuscum (Gmelin) Douglas,
1887, Lecanium genevense Targioni
Tozzetti, 1868, Lecanium juglandis
Bouché, 1844, Lecanium mali
(Schrank) Ferris, 1925, Lecanium pyri
(Schrank) Signoret, 1869, Lecanium
rubi (Schrank) Walker, 1852,
Lecanium variegatum Goethe, 1884,
Lecanium websteri mirabilis King, in
Hofer, 1903, Parthenolecanium coryli
(Linnaeus) Sulc, 1908, Physokermes
coryli (Linnaeus) Lindinger, 1911);
(Hemiptera: Coccidae);
nut scale; thorn scale
101. Eumerus tuberculatus Rondani; II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, akar (roots), America: USA
(Diptera: Syrphidae); onion), Allium ascalonicum batang Europe: Albania,
lesser bulb fly (bawang merah, shallot), (stems), daun Andorra, Armenia,
Allium sativum (bawang putih, (leaves), umbi Austria, Azerbaijan,
garlic), Brassica oleracea (tubers, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
capitata (kubis, cabbage), bulbs), tanah and Herzegovina,
Calla elliottiana, Crinum (soil) Bulgaria, Croatia,
asiaticum (bakung, lily), Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Eurycies spp., Galtonia spp., Denmark, Estonia,
Gladiolus spp., Hippeastrum Finland, France,
- 96 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
spp. (amarilis, amaryllis), Irish Germany, Greece,
spp., Lilia spp., Narcissus spp. Hungary, Iceland,
(narsisus, narcissus), Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Pastinaca sativa (parsnip, Lithuania, Luxemburg,
parsnip), Solanum tuberosum Malta, Moldova, Monaco,
(kentang, potato), Scilla spp., Montenegro,
Sprekelia Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
102. Eupalamides cyparissias Fabricius; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang America: Brazil,
(Syn. Castnia daedalus Cramer, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (stems), daun Colombia, French
Castnia dedalus Cramer, (kelapa sawit, oil palm) (leaves) Guiana, Guyana,
Eupalamides dedalus Cramer, Panama, Suriname
Lapaeumides daedalus Cramer,
Lapaeumides dedalus Cramer, Papilio
cyparissias Fabricius, Papilio dedalus
Cramer);
(Lepidoptera: Castniidae);
- 97 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
oilpalm borer, coconut moth borer,
stem borer and bunch stalk
103. Euscepes postfasciatus (Fairmaire, II Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, batang America: Antigua and
1849); sweet potato), Pharbitis nil, (stems (above Barbuda, Barbados,
(Syn. Batatarhynchus destructor Ipomoea aquatica (kangkung, ground), Bermuda, Brazil, Virgin
Hustache, 1933, Cryptorhynchus water spinach) shoots, Islands, Cuba, Dominica,
batatae Waterhouse, 1850, trunks, French Guiana, Grenada,
Cryptorhynchus postfasciatus branches), Guadeloupe, Guyana,
Fairmaire, 1849, Euscepes batatae akar (roots), Haiti, Jamaica,
(Waterhouse, 1850), Hyperomorpha umbi (bulbs, Martinique, Montserrat,
squamosa Blackburn, 1885); tubers, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); corms, Rico, Saint Kitts and
West Indian sweet potato weevil, rhizomes) Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
scarabee weevil, small sweet potato Vincent and the
weevil, scarabee weevil Grenadines, Suriname,
USA, Venezuela
Asia: Japan
Oceania: Cook Island,
Fiji, French Polynesia,
Guam, Kiribati,
Micronesia, New
Caledonia, Norfolk
Island, Northern Mariana
- 98 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Island, Palau, Pitcairn
Island, Samoa, Tonga,
Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna
104. Eutinobothrus brasiliensis II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, batang America: Argentina,
(Hambleton, 1937); okra), Gossypium barbadens (stems (above Brazil, Paraguay
(Syn. Gasterocercodes brasiliensis (kapas, cotton), Hibiscus spp. ground),
Hambleton, 1937, Gasterocercodes shoots,
gossypii Pierce 1915); trunks,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); branches),
Brazilian cotton borer, cotton root akar (roots)
borer
105. Frankliniella fusca (Hinds, 1902); II Arachis hypogaea (kacang daun (leaves), America: Canada, Cuba,
(Syn. Euthrips fuscus Hinds, 1902, tanah, peanut), Capsicum bunga Martinique, Mexico,
Euthrips nicotianae Hinds, 1905, annuum (cabai besar, paprika, (flowers, Puerto Rico, USA
Frankliniella nicotianae Karny, 1912, bell pepper), Citrullus lanatus inflorescence Asia: Japan
Physopus fuscus Trybom, 1910, (semangka, watermelon), s), tunas Europe: Netherlands
Physopus nicotianae (Hinds), Glycine max (kedelai, (buds/tips)
Scirtothrips owreyi Watson, 1924); soyabean), Gossypium
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae); (cotton), Hippeastrum,
tobacco thrips Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Solanum
Vigna unguiculata (kacang
panjang, cowpea), Zea mays
- 99 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
106. Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); II Allium ascalonicum (bawang batang Africa: Algeria, Kenya,
(Syn. Euthrips helianthi Moulton, merah, shallot), Amaranthus (stems (above Morocco, South Africa,
1911, Euthrips occidentalis Pergande, palmeri (palmer amaranth), ground), Swaziland, Tunisia,
1895, Euthrips tritici var. californicus Arachys hypogaea (kacang shoots, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Moulton, 1911, Frankliniella tanah, peanut), Beta vulgaris trunks, America: Argentina,
californica Moulton, Frankliniella (bit, beetroot), Begonia spp., branches), Brazil, Canada, Chile,
canadensis Morgan, 1925, Brassica oleracea capitata daun (leaves), Colombia, Costa Rica,
Frankliniella chrysanthemi Kurosawa, (kubis, cabbage), bunga Dominica, Ecuador,
1941, Frankliniella claripennis Cucurbitaceae, Carthamus (flowers, Guatemala, Guyana,
Morgan, 1925, Frankliniella conspicua tinctorius, Citrus x paradise inflorescence Martinique, Mexico, Peru,
Moulton, 1936, Frankliniella dahliae (grapefruit), Capsicum s, cones, Puerto Rico, Uruguay,
Moulton, 1948, Frankliniella dianthi annuum (cabai besar, paprika, calyx), buah USA, Venezuela
Moulton, 1948, Frankliniella helianthi bell-pepper), Cyclamen spp., (fruits), bibit Asia: China, India, Iran,
(Moulton), Frankliniella moultoni Dahlia spp., Daucus carota (seedlings, Israel, Japan, South
Hood, Frankliniella nubila Treherne, (wortel, carrot), Dianthus micropropaga Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia,
1924, Frankliniella occidentalis f. caryophyllus (anyelir, ted plants) Sri Lanka, Turkey
brunnescens Priesner, 1932, carnation), Euphorbia Europe: Albania, Austria,
Frankliniella occidentalis f. dubia pulcherrima, Ficus carica (ara, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Priesner, 1932, Frankliniella syringae fig), Fuchsia sp., Fragaria Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Moulton, 1948, Frankliniella trehernei vesca (wild strawberry), Republic, Denmark,
Morgan, Frankliniella tritici maculata Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Estonia, Finland, France,
Priesner, 1925, Frankliniella tritici cotton), Gerbera jamesonii, Germany, Greece,
var. moultoni Hood, 1914, Geranium spp., Gladiolus Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
- 100 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Frankliniella umbrosa Moulton, 1948, hybrids, Gypsophila, Hibiscus, Lithuania, Malta,
Frankliniella venusta Moulton, 1936); Impatiens, Kalanchoe, Lactuca Netherlands, North
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae); sativa (selada, lettuce), Macedonia, Norway,
western flower thrips, alfalfa thrips, Limonium sinuatum, Poland, Portugal,
flower thrips, western (USA) grass Lisianthus spp., Lathyrus Romania, Russia,
thrips odoratus, Leucaena Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
leucocephala (lamtoro, wild Sweden, Switzerland,
tamarind), Malus domestica United Kingdom
(apel, apple), Medicago sativa Oceania: Australia, New
(alfalfa, lucerne), Orchidaceae Zealand
(anggrek, orchid),
Petroselinum crispum (parslei,
parsley), Pisum sativum (kapri,
sweet pea), Prunus americana
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus
Prunus persica var.
nucipersica (nektarin,
nectarine), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Purshia
tridentata, Raphanus
raphanistrum, Rhododendron
spp. (azalea), Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Solanum
- 101 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Salvia spp., Secale cereale
(rye), Sinapis arvensis,
Sinningia speciosa,
Saintpaulia ionantha, Solanum
melongena (terung, aubergine,
eggplant), Sonchus spp.,
star apple), Trifolium spp.,
wheat), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Vigna spp.
(cowpea), Zinnia spp.
107. Grapholita prunivora (Walsh); II Amelanchier, Malus domestica batang America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Cydia prunivora, Laspeyresia (apel, apple), Prunus domestica (stems (above
prunivora, Semasia prunivora, (prem, plum), other stone gorund),
Enarmonia prunivora); fruit), Prunus americana shoots,
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); (aprikot, apricot), Prunus trunks,
plum moth, lesser apple worm cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus branches),
persica (persik, peach), Pyrus daun (leaves),
communis (pir, pear), Rosa bunga
spp. (mawar, rose) (flowers,
inflorescence
s, cones,
- 102 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
calyx), buah
(fruits),
media tanam
(growing
media
associated
with plants),
serasah,
tanah (soil),
kulit kayu
(bark)
108. Grapholitha molesta (Busck); II Cydonia oblonga (kwinsi, batang Africa: Mauritius,
(Syn. Carpocapsa molesta Busck, quince), Eriobotrya japonica (stems (above Morocco, South Africa
Cydia molesta (Busck), Laspeyresia (lokwat, loquat), Malus ground), America: Argentina,
molesta Busck); domestica (apel, apple), Prunus shoots, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); persica (persik, peach), Prunus trunks, Mexico, USA, Uruguay
oriental fruit moth americana (aprikot, apricot), branches), Asia: China, DPR Korea
Prunus persica var. buah (fruits (North Korea), Japan,
nucipersica (nektarin, (inc. pods)), Kyrgyzstan, Republic of
nectarine), Prunus domestica daun (leaves), Korea (South Korea),
(prem, plum), Prunus dulcis bunga Syria, Taiwan, Turkey,
(almon, badam, almond), (flowers, Uzbekistan
Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), inflorescence Europe: Armenia,
Pyrus communis (pear), Buah s, cones, Azerbaijan, Austria,
- 103 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
batu lain (other stone fruits) calyx), media Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
tanam Republic, France,
(growing Germany, Greece,
media Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
associated Malta, Moldova, Portugal,
with plants), Romania, Russian
serasah Federation, Serbia,
(bark), tanah Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
(soil) Switzerland, Ukraine
Zealand
109. Grapholitha packardi Zeller; II Cydonia oblonga (quince), batang America: Canada,
(Syn. Cydia packardi (Zeller), Malus domestica (apel, apple), (stems (above Mexico, USA
Enarmonia packardi (Zeller), Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), ground),
Enarmonia pyricolana (Murtfeldt), Prunus domestica (prem, shoots,
Grapholita packardi Zeller, plum), Prunus persica (persik, trunks,
Grapholitha packardi Zeller, peach), Pyracantha, Pyrus branches),
Laspeyresia packardi (Zeller), communis (pir, pear), Rosa buah (fruits
Laspeyresia pyricolana (Murtfeldt), spp., Vaccinium corymbosum (inc. pods)),
Steganoptycha pyricolana Murtfeldt); daun (leaves),
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); bunga
cherry fruitworm (flowers,
inflorescence
s, cones,
- 104 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
calyx), media
tanam
(growing
media
associated
with plants),
serasah,
tanah (soil)
110. Halyomorpha halys (Stål); II Abelia grandiflora (Glossy daun (leaves), America: Canada, Chile,
(Syn. Dalpada brevis Walker, 1867, abelia), Abelmoschus kulit kayu USA
Dalpada remota Walker, 1867, esculentus (okra), Acer (bark) Asia: China, DPR Korea
Halyomorpha brevis, Halyomorpha campestre (field maple), Acer (North Korea), Georgia,
mista, Halyomorpha remota, circinatum, Acer japonicum Japan, Republic of Korea
Pentatoma halys Stål, Poecilometis (full-moon maple), Acer (South Korea), Taiwan,
mistus Uhler, 1860); macrophyllum (broadleaf Turkey
(Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) maple), Acer negundo (box Europe: Albania, Austria,
brown marmorated stink bug elder), Acer palmatum Belgium, Bosnia
(Japanese maple), Acer andHerzegovina,
pensylvanicum (striped Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
maple), Acer platanoides Republic, France,
(Norway maple), Acer rubrum Georgia, Germany,
(red maple), Acer saccharinum Greece, Hungary, Italy,
(silver maple), Acer saccharum Liechtenstein, Malta,
(sugar maple), Acer Poland, Romania,
- 105 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
tegmentosum, Actinidia Russian Federation,
deliciosa (kiwifruit), Aesculus Serbia, Slovakia,
glabra (Texas buckeye), Slovenia, Spain,
Ailanthus altissima (tree-of- Switzerland, Ukraine
heaven), Amaranthus Oceania: Guam
caudatus (Love-lies-bleeding),
Amelanchier laevis (Allegheny
serviceberry), Antirrhinum
majus (snapdragon), Arctium
minus (common burdock),
Armoracia rusticana
(horseradish), Asimina triloba
(Pawpaw-apple), Basella alba
(Malabar spinach), Betula
nigra (river birch), Betula
papyrifera (paper birch),
Betula pendula (common
silver birch), Brassica oleracea
(kubis, cabbages,
cauliflowers), Capsicum
bell pepper), Caragana
arborescens (Siberian pea-
tree), Carpinus betulus
- 106 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(hornbeam), Carya
illinoinensis (pecan), Carya
ovata (shagbark hickory),
Catalpa, Celastrus orbiculatus
(Asiatic bittersweet), Celosia,
Celosia argentea (celosia),
Celtis (nettle tree), Celtis
occidentalis (hackberry),
Cephalanthus occidentalis
(common buttonbush),
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
(katsura), Cercis canadensis
(eastern redbud),
Chenopodium (Goosefoot),
Citrus, Citrus junos (yuzu),
Cladrastis kentukea (American
yellowwood), Cornus
(Dogwood), Cornus florida
(Flowering dogwood), Cornus
officinalis, Cornus racemosa
(gray dogwood), Cornus sericea
(redosier dogwood), Corylus,
Crataegus laevigata,
Crataegus monogyna
- 107 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(hawthorn), Crataegus viridis,
Cucumis sativus (cucumber),
Cucurbita pepo (marrow),
Diospyros kaki (persimmon),
Elaeagnus angustifolia
(Russian olive), Elaeagnus
umbellata (autumn olive),
Ficus, Ficus carica (ara, fig),
Forsythia suspensa, Fraxinus
americana (white ash),
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
(downy ash), Ginkgo biloba
(kew tree), Gleditsia
triacanthos (honey locust),
Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Hamamelis
virginiana (Virginian witch-
hazel), Helianthus (sunflower),
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
(mawar, China-rose), Humulus
lupulus (hop), Ilex aquifolium
(holly), Juglans nigra (black
walnut), Juniperus virginiana
(eastern redcedar),
- 108 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Koelreuteria paniculata (golden
rain tree), Lagerstroemia
indica (Indian crape myrtle),
Larix kaempferi (Japanese
larch), Ligustrum sinense
(Chinese privet), Liquidambar
styraciflua (Sweet gum),
Liriodendron tulipifera
(tuliptree), Lonicera
(honeysuckles), Lonicera
tatarica (Tatarian
honeysuckle), Lythrum
salicaria (purple loosestrife),
Magnolia grandiflora
(Southern magnolia), Mahonia
aquifolium (Oregongrape),
Malus baccata (siberian crab
apple), Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Malus zumi, Mimosa
(sensitive plants), Morus
(mulberrytree), Morus alba
(mora), Paulownia tomentosa
(paulownia), Phalaenopsis,
Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus
- 109 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
lunatus (lima bean), Phaseolus
vulgaris (common bean),
Pisum sativum (pea), Prunus
avium (sweet cherry), Prunus
cerasifera (myrobalan plum),
Prunus laurocerasus (cherry
laurel), Prunus mume
(Japanese apricot tree),
Prunus serotina (black cherry),
Prunus serrulata (Japanese
flowering cherry), Prunus
subhirtella (weeping Japanese
cherry), Pyracantha
(Firethorn), Pyrus (pears),
Pyrus calleryana (bradford
pear), Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), Pyrus pyrifolia (Oriental
pear tree), Quercus alba (white
oak), Quercus coccinea (scarlet
oak), Quercus rubra (northern
red oak), Rhamnus cathartica
(buckthorn), Robinia
pseudoacacia (black locust),
- 110 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Rosa canina (Dog rose), Rosa
multiflora (multiflora rose),
Rosa rugosa (rugosa rose),
Rubus (blackberry, raspberry),
Rubus idaeus (raspberry),
Rubus phoenicolasius, Salix
(willows), Sassafras albidum
(common sassafras), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomato),
Solanum melongena
(aubergine), Solanum nigrum
(black nightshade), Sorbus
americana (American
mountainash), Sorbus aria
(whitebeam), Spiraea, Styrax
japonica, Syringa pekinensis,
Tilia americana (basswood),
Tilia cordata (small-leaf lime),
Tilia tomentosa (silver lime),
Tsuga canadensis (eastern
hemlock), Ulmus americana
(American elm), Ulmus
parvifolia (lacebark elm),
Ulmus procera (english elm),
- 111 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(blueberry), Viburnum, Vitis
riparia (riverbank grape
(USA)), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize), Zea mays subsp.
mays (jagung manis,
sweetcorn), Ziziphus sativa
111. Harmolita grandis (Riley, 1884); II Avena sativa (oat, oats), batang America: USA
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); Hordeum vulgare (barli, (stems), daun
wheat strand worm barley), Glycine max (kedelai, (leaves),
soyabean), Triticum aestivum tanah (soil)
(gandum, wheat)
112. Harmolita tritici (Fitch, 1859); II Avena sativa (oat, oats), batang America: USA
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); Glycine max (kedelai, (stems), daun Asia: West Asia
wheat joint worm soyabean), Hordeum vulgare (leaves), Europe: Russian
(barli, barley), Triticum tanah (soil) Federation
aestivum (gandum, wheat)
113. Helopeltis anacardii Miller, 1954; II Anacardium occidentale batang Africa: Tanzania
(Heteroptera: Miridae); (jambu mete, cashew-nut) (stems), daun
cashew helopeltis (leaves),
bunga
(flowers,
inflorescence
- 112 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
s, cones,
calyx),
tangkai
(branches),
buah (fruits)
114. Helopeltis bergrothi Reuter, 1892; II Anacardium occidentale batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Helopeltis bergrothi disciger (jambu mete, cashew-nut), (stems (above Burundi, Cameroon,
Poppius, 1910, Helopeltis bergrothi Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), ground), Canary Island, Central
flavescens GhesquiÞre, 1922, Gossypium barbadens (kapas, trunks, African Republic, DR
Helopeltis bergrothi nigripes cotton), kina, Manihot branches), Congo, Equatorial
GhesquiÞre, 1922, Helopeltis esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), daun (leaves), Guinea, Gabon, Guinea,
bergrothi rubrinervis Poppius, 1910); Ricinus communis (jarak bunga Ivory Coast, Mozambique,
(Heteroptera: Miridae); kepyar, castor bean), (flowers, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
helopeltis bug, cacao-mosquito, tea- Theobroma cacao (kakao, inflorescence Togo
bug, tea-mosquito, cacao mosquito cocoa) s, cones, Europe: Spain
calyx), pucuk
tanaman
(shoots),
buah (fruits)
115. Helopeltis schoutedeni Reuter, 1906; II Anacardium occidentale batang Africa: Angola, Burundi,
(Syn. Helopeltis sanguineus Poppius, (jambu mete, cashew-nut), (stems (above Cameroon, Central
1911, Helopeltis schoutedeni rubra Camellia sinensis (the, tea), ground), African Republic, Chad,
Ghesquèire, 1922, Helopeltis Gossypium barbadens (kapas, trunks), daun Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea,
schoutedeni vanderysti Ghesquèire, cotton), Mangifera indica (leaves), buah Ivory Coast, Kenya,
- 113 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1922); (mangga, mango), Ricinus (fruits (inc. Liberia, Malawi, Mali,
(Heteroptera: Miridae); communis (jarak kepyar, pods), Mozambique, Nigeria,
tea mosquito, cotton bug, cacao- castor bean) tangkai Rwanda, Sao Tome and
mosquito, tea-bug, cotton helopeltis, (branches), Principe, Sierra Leone,
cotton helopeltis pucuk Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
tanaman Uganda, Zimbabwe
(shoots)
116. Hercinothrips bicinctus (Bagnall, II Musa spp. (pisang, banana) daun (leaves), Africa: Equatorial
1919); (Syn. Caliothrips bicinctus, bunga Guinea, Guinea, Kenya,
Heliothrips bicinctus, Hercothrips (flowers, South Africa, Tanzania
bicinctus BAGNALL); inflorescence America: Bermuda,
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae); s), buah Brazil, Peru
banana thrips, banana-silvering (fruits), Asia: India
thrips, smilax thrips pelepah Europe: Belgium,
(midrib) Portugal, Spain, United
Kingdom
Zealand
117. Heteroligus appius Burm.; II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam) batang Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); (stems), daun Faso, Cameroon,
esser yam beetle (leaves), umbi Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
(tubers) Ivory Coast, Mali, Liberia,
Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Togo
- 114 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
118. Heteroligus meles (Billberg, 1815); II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam) batang Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); (stems), daun Faso, Cameroon,
greater yam beetle (leaves), umbi Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
(tubers) Ivory Coast, Mali, Liberia,
Leone, Togo
119. Hilda patruelis (Stål); II Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, batang Africa: Tanzania
(Hemiptera: Tettigometridae); lady’s finger), Arachys (stems), daun
groundnut hopper hypogaea (kacang tanah, (leaves), akar
peanut), Anacardium (roots), bunga
occidentale (jambu mete, (flowers)
cashew-nut), Citrus spp.
(jeruk, orange), Helianthus
annuus (bunga matahari,
sunflower), Vigna radiata
(kacang hijau, mungbean),
Vigna cylindrica (kacang
tunggak, long bean), Vigna
spp. (buncis, cowpea)
120. Homona magnanima Diakonoff; II Arachys hypogaea (kacang tunas Asia: China, Japan,
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); tanah, peanut), Camellia (shoots), Taiwan
leaf roller, tea tortrix, Oriental tea sinensis (teh, tea), Citrus batang
tortrix spp.(jeruk, orange), (stems (above
Chrysanthemum spp. (krisan, ground),
- 115 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
chrysant), Diospyros kaki trunks,
(kesemek, persimmon), Eurya branches),
spp., Glycine max (kedelai, daun (leaves)
soyabean), Lithocarpus edulis,
Nandina domestica, Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Pyrus
Paulownia tomentosa,
Podocarpus spp., Prunus
cerrasus (ceri, cherry),
Rhododendron Ispp. (azalea),
aubergine, eggplant), buah
batu (stone fruit)
121. Horcias nobilellus (Berg) 1883; II Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, batang America: Argentina,
(Syn. Capsus (Deraeocoris) nobilitatus lady’s finger), Bidens pilosa, (stems (above Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil,
Stal, Berg, 1878 (misidentification), Gossypium barbadens (kapas, ground), Paraguay, Peru,
Horcias (horciasoides) nobilellus cotton) shoots, Suriname, Uruguay,
(Berg), Horcias plagosus Distant, trunks, Venezuela
Reuter, 1907 (misidentification), branches),
Poecilocopsus nobilellus Berg, 1883); daun (leaves)
(Hemiptera: Miridae);
cotton plant bug, cotton bug
- 116 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
122. Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus, 1758); II Abies (firs), Pinus nigra, Pinus batang Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); sylvestris, Picea (spruce), Larix (stems (above Ivory Coast, Libya,
house longhorne beetle/ European (larches), Pseudotsuga ground)/ Madagascar, Morocco,
house borer menziesii (Douglas firs) shoots/ South Africa, Spain,
trunks/ Tunisia, Zimbabwe
branches), America: Argentina,
kayu (woods) Brazil, Canada, Uruguay,
USA
Asia: China, Georgia,
Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Europe: Albania,
Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belgium,
Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Faroe Islands,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
Malta, Montenegro,
- 117 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Switerland, United
Kingdom
123. Hyphantria cunea Drury; II Ailanthus altissima, Carya batang America: Canada,
(Syn. Hyphantria textor (Harris)); spp., Carya illinoinensis, (stems, Mexico, USA
(Lepidoptera: Erebidae); Carya ovata, Diospyros na, trunks, Asia: China, DPR Korea
blackheaded webworm, mulberry Humulus lupulus (hops), shoots, (North Korea), Japan,
moth, redheaded webworm, fall Juglans regia (walnut, branches), Republic Of Korea (South
webworm, American white moth walnut), Morus alba, Malus daun (leaves) Korea), Turkey
domestica (apel, apple), Europe: Austria, Bosnia
Liquidambar styraciflua, Pinus and Herzegovina,
densiflora, Prunus cerrasus Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
(ceri, cherry), Juglans nigra Republic, France,
(walnut, walnut), Ulmus Hungary, Italy, Moldova,
americana, Pyrus communis Montenegro, North
(pir, pear), Prunus domestica Macedonia Poland,
(prem, plum), Prunus avium, Romania, Russian
Vitis vinifera (anggur, Federation, Serbia,
grapevine) Slovakia, Slovenia,
- 118 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Switzerland, Ukraine
Oceania: Federated
States of Micronesia,
Northern Mariana Island
124. Incisitermes minor (Hagen); II Dry wood batang, America: Canada,
(Isoptera: Kalotermitidae); (stems, Hawaii, Mexico, USA
western drywood termite trunks), kayu
(woods)
125. Ips typographus Linnaeus; II Eucalyptus, Oak, Pines batang Asia : China, DPR Korea
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); (stems, (North Korea), Georgia,
European spruce bark beetle, eight- shoots, Japan, Republic of Korea
toothed bark beetle trunks, (South Korea), Tajikistan,
branches), Turkey
kayu (woods), Europe : Austria,
kulit kayu Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
(bark), tunas and Herzegovina,
(shoots), Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
cabang Republic, Denmark,
(branches) Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland,
- 119 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Sweden,
United Kingdom
126. Jacobiasca lybica (de Bergevin); II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, batang Africa: Algeria, Central
(Syn. Austroasca lybica, Chlorita pigeon pea), Gossypium (stems), daun Africa, DR Congo, Egypt,
lybica, Chlorita signata, Empoasca barbadens (kapas, cotton), (leaves), buah Eritrea, Kenya, Libya,
benedettoi, Empoasca lybica (de Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, (fruits) Mauritius, Morocco,
Berg.), Empoasca signata (Haupt), tomato), Solanum tuberosum Mozambique, Nigeria,
Jacobiasca signata); (kentang, potato), Vitis vinifera Senegal, Somalia, South
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); (anggur, grapevine) Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
cotton jassid, green leafhopper (GLH) Tunisia, Uganda
America: Argentina
Asia: India, Iran, Israel,
Lebanon, Saudi Arabia,
Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Albania, Italy,
Portugal, Spain
127. Jacobiella facialis Jacobi; II Solanum melongena (terung, batang Africa: Congo, DR Congo,
(Syn. Chlorita facialis, Chlorita aubergine, eggplant) (stems), daun Gambia, Ghana, Kenya,
fascialis, Empoasca facialis Jacobi); (leaves), buah Mauritania, Mozambique,
(Hemiptera, Cicadellidae); (fruits) Nigeria, Senegal,
- 120 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
green leafhopper Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Zimbabwe
Asia: Cambodia, India
Oceania: Australia, Fiji
128. Keiferia lycopersicella Walsingham; II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, daun (leaves), America: Bermuda,
(Syn. Gnorimoschema elmorei, cotton), Nicotiana tabacum buah (fruits) Bolivia, Canada,
Gnorimoschema lycopersicella Busck, (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum Colombia, Costa Rica,
Keiferia elmorei, Phthorimaea elmorei, lycopersicum (tomat, Cuba, Dominican
Phthorimaea lycopersicella); tomato),Solanum melongena Republic, Haiti, Jamaica,
(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae); (terung, aubergine, eggplant), Mexico, Peru, Trinidad
tomato pinworm Solanum tuberosum (kentang, and Tobago USA,
potato), Solanum nigrum Venezuela
(leunca, black nightshade)
129. Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758); II Catharanthus roseus daun (leaves), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Aspidiotus conchiformis Curtis, (Madagascar periwinkle), batang South Africa, Tunisia
1843, Aspidiotus falciformis Fagus grandifolia (American (stems), buah America: Argentina,
Baerensprung, 1849, Aspidiotus beech), Ficus carica (ara, fig), (fruits) Brazil, Canada, Chile,
juglandis Fitch, 1855, Aspidiotus Fraxinus americana (white Colombia, Mexico, Peru,
pomorum Bouché, 1851, Aspidiotus ash), Juglans regia (walnut, USA, Uruguay
pyrus-malus Kennicott, Fernald, walnut), Malus domestica Asia: Afghanistan, China,
1903, Aspidiotus saliceti (Lindinger) (apel, apple), Olea europaea Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Ferris, 1941, Coccus conchiformis subsp. europaea (zaitun, Israel, Japan,
- 121 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Curtis) Ferris, 1936,Coccus ulmi olive), Populus canadensis Kazakhstan, Republic of
Linnaeus, 1758, Diaspis linearis (hybrid black poplar), Populus Korea (South Korea),
Costa, 1835, Lepidosaphes deltoides (poplar), Populus Saudi Arabia, Syria,
(Mytilaspis) ulmi (Linnaeus) Hall, nigra (black poplar), Prunus Taiwan, Turkey
1922, Lepidosaphes ceratoniae (buah batu,stone fruit), Pyrus Europe: Armenia,
(Gennadios) Fernald, 1903, communis (pir, pear), Salix Austria, Belgium,
Lepidosaphes conchiformis (Curtis) alba (white willow), Tilia Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Shimer, 1868, Lepidosaphes cordata (small-leaf lime), Herzegovina, Croatia,
juglandis (Fitch) Fernald, 1903, Vaccinium myrtillus Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Lepidosaphes pomorum (Bouché) (blueberry), Prunus salicina Denmark, France,
Kirkaldy, 1902, Lepidosaphes ulmi (Japanese plum), Rosa Germany, Greece,
(Linnaeus) Fernald, 1903, damascena (Damask rose) Hungary, Italy,
Lepidosaphes ulmi bisexualis Thiem, Luxemburg, Montenegro,
1933, Lepidosaphes ulmi candida Netherlands, North
Fernald, 1903, Lepidosaphes ulmi Macedonia, Norway,
ulicis Fernald, 1903, Lepidosaphes Poland, Romania,
ulmi unisexualis Thiem, 1933, Russian Federation,
Lepidosaphes ulmi vitis Fernald, Serbia, Slovakia,
1903, Lepidosaphes ulmi-cotini Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Koronéos, 1934, Lepidosaphes ulmi- Switzerland, Ukraine,
rosae Koronéos, 1934, Lepidosaphes United Kingdom and
vulva Nel, 1933, Mytilaspis Oceania: Australia
(Lepidosaphes) pomorum (Bouché)
Lindinger, 1907, Mytilaspis ceratoniae
- 122 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Gennadios, 1895, Mytilaspis
juglandis (Fitch) Signoret, 1870,
Mytilaspis pomicorticis Riley, 1873,
Mytilaspis pomorum (Bouché)
Signoret, 1870, Mytilaspis pomorum
var. candidus Newstead, 1901,
Mytilaspis pomorum var. ulicis
Newstead, 1901, Mytilaspis ulicis
Douglas, 1886, Mytilaspis ulmi
(Linnaeus) Cockerell, 1899,
Mytilaspis ulmi corticis Riley, 1874,
Mytilaspis vitis Goethe, 1884,
Mytilococcus saliceti Lindinger, 1936,
Mytilococcus ulmi (Linnaeus)
Lindinger, 1935);
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae);
oystershell scale, apple mussel scale,
mussel scale
130. Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, 1824; II Hyoscyamus niger (black umbi (bulbs, Africa: Gabon
(Syn. Chrysomela decemlineata Say, henbane), Nicotiana tabacum tubers, America: Canada, Cuba,
Doryphora decemlineata Say, (tembakau, tobacco), Solanum corms, Guatemala, Mexico, USA
Leptinotarsa multitaeniata Stål, tuberosum (kentang, potato), rhizomes), Asia: China, Iran, Iraq,
Polygramma decemlineata Say); Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, batang Japan, Kazakhstan,
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); tomato), Solanum melongena (stems (above Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
- 123 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Colorado potato beetle, Colorado (terung, aubergine, eggplant) ground), Turkey, Turkmenistan,
beetle shoots, Uzbekistan
trunks, Europe: Albania,
branches), Andorra, Armenia,
daun (leaves), Azerbaijan, Austria,
tanah (soil) Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Moldova,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Portugal, Romania,
Russia, Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
131. Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle; II Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus daun (leaves), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); camaldulensis (red gum), batang Ethiopia, Kenya,
blue gum chalcid; eucalyptus gall Eucalyptus grandis (saligna (stems, Morocco, Mozambique,
- 124 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
wasp gum), Eucalyptus saligna trunks), South Africa, Tanzania,
(Sydney blue gum), ranting Tunisia, Uganda,
Eucalyptus botryoides, (branches), Zimbabwe
Eucalyptus bridgesiana, bibit America: Argentina,
Eucalyptus globulus, (seedlings) Brazil, Chile, Uruguay,
Eucalyptus gunnii, Eucalyptus USA
maidenii, Eucalyptus robusta, Asia: Cambodia, China,
Eucalyptus tereticornis, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Eucalyptus viminalis Jordan, Lao PDR (Laos),
Lebanon, Syria, Thailand,
Turkey, Vietnam
Europe: France, Greece,
Italy, Malta, Portugal,
Spain, United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
132. Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor, II Hevea brasiliensis (karet, tunas (buds, America: Brazil
1935; rubber tree) tips), batang
(Hemiptera: Tingidae); (stems (above
lace bug, rubber tingid bug ground),
shoots,
trunks,
branches),
daun (leaves),
bibit
- 125 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(seedlings),
tanaman
hasil
mikropropaga
si
(micropropag
ated plants)
133. Leucoptera caffeina Washburn; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), daun (leaves) Africa: Angola, Burundi,
(Syn. Leucoptera daricella); Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya,
(Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae); arabica coffee), Coffea Madagascar, Rwanda,
coffee leafminer eugenioides Tanzania, Uganda
America: Antigua and
Barbuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica,
Ecuador, El Salvador,
French Guiana, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Martinique, Montserrat,
Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint
Lucia, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines,
- 126 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Tobago, Venezuela
Asia: Yemen
134. Leucoptera coma Ghesquiere; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), daun (leaves) Africa: Congo, Uganda
(Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae); Coffea canephora (kopi
coffee leafminer robusta, robusta coffee)
135. Leucoptera meyricki Ghesquiere; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) daun (leaves) Africa: Burundi, Central
(Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae); Africa, Kenya, Rwanda,
coffee leafminer South Africa, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zimbabwe
America: Brazil, Peru
136. Ligyrus gibbosus (De Geer); II Apium graveolens (seledri, batang America: Canada,
(Syn. Bothynus gibbosus (Deg.), celery), Daucus carota (wortel, (stems), umbi Mexico, USA
Lygirus californicus Casey); carrot), Helianthus anuus (tubers,
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); (bunga matahari, sunflower), bulbs,
carrot beetle, carrot head beetle, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, rhizomes),
muck beetle sweet potato), Solanum akar (roots),
tuberosum (kentang, potato), tanah (soil)
Zea mays (jagung, corn,
maize)
- 127 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
137. Liriomyza bryoniae (Kaltenbach, II Amaranthus (grain amaranth), tunas Africa: Egypt, Morocco
1858); Apium graveolens (seledri, (shoots), Asia: China, India, Israel,
(Syn. Agromyza bryoniae Kaltenbach, celery), Atropa (Deadly daun (leaves), Japan, Nepal, Republic of
Liriomyza citrulla Rohdendorf, nightshade), Brassica juncea tanah (soil), Korea (South Korea),
Liriomyza mercurialis Hering, var. juncea (Indian mustard), bibit Taiwan, Turkey,
Liriomyza solani Hering); Brassica oleracea var. capitata (seedlings, Turkmenistan, Vietnam
(Diptera: Agromyzidae); (kubis, cabbage), Brassica micropropaga Europe: Albania, Belarus,
tomato leafminer rapa cultivar group Mizuna, ted plants) Belgium, Bosnia
Citrullus, Citrullus lanatus andHerzegovina,
(semangka, watermelon), Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Republic, Denmark,
Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Estonia, Finland, France,
cucumber), Cucurbita pepo Germany, Greece,
(labu kuning, zukini, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
zucchini), Callistephus, Lithuania, Malta,
Capsicum (peppers), Celosia Moldova, Montenegro,
argentea (celosia), Netherlands, Norway,
Chenopodium (Goosefoot), Poland, Portugal,
Coriandrum sativum Romania, Russian
(coriander), Datura (thorn- Federation, Slovenia,
apple), Gerbera jamesonii Spain, Sweden, Ukraine,
(African daisy), Hyoscamus, United Kingdom
Lactuca sativa (selada,
lettuce), Lamium (deadnettle),
- 128 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Levisticum, Linaria (Toadflax),
Lupinus (lupins), Lycium
(boxthorn), Nicandra
physalodes (apple of Peru),
Petroselinum (parsley),
Petunia, Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean), Pisum
sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
Ricinus, Polyphagous
(polyphagous), Solanum
Solanaceae, Solanum
Saponaria (soapwort),
tomato), Solanum melongena
(terung, aubergine, eggplant),
Spinacia oleracea (bayam,
spinach), Verbena (vervain),
Withania
138. Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel, II Agrostis capillaris (brown batang America: Argentina,
1955); bentgrass), Anthoxanthum (stems), daun Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
(Syn. Hyperodes bonariensis Kuschel, puelii (Annual vernalgrass), (leaves), akar Uruguay
Hyperodes griseus Marshall, 1937, Avena sativa (oat, oats), (roots), bunga Oceania: Australia, New
- 129 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Neobagous setosus Hustache, 1929); Bromus spp. (bromegrasses), (flowers), biji Zealand
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); Cynodon spp. (quickgrass), (true seeds
argentine stem weevil, ryegrass stem Dactylis (Orchardgrass), (inc. grains))
weevil, shoot weevil, weevil, argentine Digitaria (crabgrass),
stem, weevil, ryegrass stem, wheat Echinochloa spp., Eleusine
stem weevil coracana (finger millet),
Festuca pratensis (english
bluegrass), Festuca rubra (red
fescue), Hordeum vulgare
(barli, barley), Lolium
multiflorum (italian ryegrass),
Lolium perenne (perennial
ryegrass), Paspalum, Phleum
pretense (timothy), Poa annua
(annual meadowgrass),
Poaceae (grasses), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat),
maize), cerealia, rerumputan
(Poaceae)
139. Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte, II Anethum graveolens (dill), akar (roots), America: Canada, USA
1857); Apium graveolens (seledri, batang
(Syn. Listronotus latiusculus auct. nec celery), Daucus carota (wortel, (stems), daun
Boh., Listronotus rudipennis carrot), Petroselinum crispum (leaves), umbi
- 130 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Blatchley) (peterseli, parsley) (tubers,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); bulbs), tanah
carrot weevil (soil)
140. Listronotus texanus Stockton; II Daucus carota (wortel, carrot) akar (roots), America: USA
(Syn. Hyperodes texanus Stockton); Petroselinum crispum batang
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); (peterseli, parsley) (stems), daun
carrot weevil (leaves), umbi
(tubers/
rhizomes)
141. Lobesia botrana Denis & II Actinidia chinensis (Chinese buah (fruits Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Schiffermuller, 1776; gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa (inc. pods)), Eritrea, Kenya, Libya,
(Syn. Coccyx botrana Praun 1869, (kiwi, kiwi fruit), Arbutus bunga Morocco
Cochylis botrana Herrich-Schaffer, unedo (arbutus), Berberis (flowers, America: USA, Chile
1843, Cochylis vitisana Audouin, vulgaris (European barberry), inflorescence Asia: Georgia, Iran, Iraq,
1842, Eudemis botrana Frey, 1880, Clematis vitalba (old man's s, cones, Israel, Jordan,
Eudemis rosmarinana Millière, 1866, beard), Cornus mas (cornelian calyx) Kazakhstan, Lebanon,
Grapholita botrana Heinemann, 1863, cherry), Cornus sanguinea Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Noctua romani O. Costa, 1840, (dogwood), Daphne gnidium, Turkmenistan,
Polychrosis botrana Ragonot, 1894, Daphne laureola, Dianthus Uzbekistan
Polychrosis botrana flavosquamella spp. (carnation), Diospyros Europe: Armenia,
Dufrane, 1960 (form), Tortrix botrana kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Austria, Azerbaijan,
Denis & Schiffermüller, 1776, Tortrix Hedera helix (ivy), Ligustrum Belgium, Bulgaria,
romaniana O. Costa, 1840, Tortrix vulgare (privet), Lonicera Bosnia and Herzegovina,
vitisana Jacquin, 1788); tatarica (Tatarian Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
- 131 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); honeysuckle), Menispermum Republic, Finland,
grape berry moth, european grape canadense (common France, Germany,
vine moth, grape fruit moth, grape moonseed), Olea europea Greece, Hungary, Italy,
leaves-roller, grape moth, grape vine subsp. europea (zaitun, olive), Luxemburg, North
moth, vine moth Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Macedonia, Malta,
Prunus spp., Punica granatum Moldova, Montenegro,
(delima, pomegranate), Ribes Netherlands, Portugal,
spp., Parthenocissus Romania, Russian
quinquefolia (Virginia creeper), Federation, Serbia,
Prunus amygdalus, Prunus Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
avium (sweet cherry), Prunus Switzerland, Ukraine,
domestica (prem, plum), United Kingdom
Prunus salicina (Japanese
plum), Prunus spinosa
(blackthorn), Punica granatum
(delima, pomegranate), Ribes
(currants), Ribes nigrum
(blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum
(red currant), Ribes uva-crispa
(gooseberry), Rosmarinus
officinalis (rosemary), Rubus
caesius (dewberry), Rubus
fruticosus (blackberry),
Syringa vulgaris (lilac),
- 132 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Tanacetum vulgare (tansy),
Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Viburnum lantana
(Wayfaring tree), Ziziphus
jujuba (common jujube)
142. Longitarsus nigripennis II Piper nigrum (lada, daun (leaves), Asia: India.
(Motschulsky); blackpepper) buah (fruits)
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae);
flea beetle, pepper, pollu
143. Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois, II Amaranthus cruentus batang America: Bermuda,
1818; (redshank), Apium graveolens (stems (above Canada, El Salvador,
(Syn. Capsus flavonotatus (seledri, celery), Anethum ground), Guatemala, Honduras,
Provancher, 1872, Capsus lineolaris graveolens (dill), Apium trunks, Mexico, USA
Palisot de Beauvois, 1818, Capsus graveolens var. dulce (seledri, shoots, Asia: Georgia
oblineatus Say, 1832, Capsus celery), Asparagus officinalis bramches),
strigulatus Walker, 1873, Lygus (asparagus, asparagus), Aster daun (leaves),
pratensis var. rubidus Knight, 1917); spp., Aster pilosus (white bunga
(Hemiptera: Miridae); heath aster), Beta vulgaris (flowers,
tarnished plant bug (bit, beetroot), Bellis perennis inflorescence
(common daisy), Brassica s, cones,
oleracea var. capitata (kubis, calyx)
cabbage), Brassica napus var.
napus(rapa, rape), Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis (bunga
- 133 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
kol, cauliflower), Calendula
officinalis (pot marigold),
Cosmos spp., Cucumis sativus
(mentimun, cucumber), Dahlia
hybrids, Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Dendranthema
spp., Erigeron (fleabane),
Fragaria ananassa(stroberi,
strawberry), Gossypium
hirsutum (kapas,
bourboncotton), Gladiolus
hybrids (sword lily), Glycine
Helianthus spp., Lespedeza
cuneata (sericea lespedeza),
Malus (ornamental species
apple), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Phaseolus
vulgaris (buncis, common
bean), Polyphagous
(Polyphagous), Papaver
nudicaule (iceland poppy),
Pinus echinata (shortleaves
- 134 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
pine), Populus (poplars), Pyrus
spp. (blackberry, raspberry),
Vigna spp. (cowpea), Prunus
Solanum tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Salvia officinalis
(common sage), Sinapis alba
(white mustard), Tragopogon
porrifolius (oysterplant),
Trifolium incarnatum (crimson
clover), Vicia sativa (common
vetch), Verbena spp. (vervain),
Zinnia elegans (zinnia), Zea
mays subsp. mays (jagung
manis, sweetcorn)
144. Lymantria dispar Linnaeus; II Acer saccharum (sugar maple), kulit kayu Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
(Syn. Bombyx dispar Linnaeus, Betula papyrifera (paper muda (bark), Tunisia
Hypogymna dispar Linnaeus, Liparis birch), Acer (maples), Acer cabang America: Canada, USA.
dispar Linnaeus, Ocneria dispar negundo (box elder), Acer (branches), Asia: Afghanistan, China,
Linnaeus, Phalaena dispar Linnaeus, platanoides (norway maple), tunas DPR Korea (North Korea),
Porthesia dispar Linnaeus, Porthetria Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer (shoots), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
dispar Linnaeus); saccharinum (soft maple), batang Japan, Kazakhstan,
(Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae); Alnus (alders), Alnus (stems, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
- 135 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
gypsy moth rhombifolia (white alder), shoots, Mongolia, Republic of
Betula (birches), Betula trunks, Korea (South Korea),
alleghaniensis (yellow birch), branches), Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Betula lenta (sweet birch), kayu (woods) Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Betula populifolia (gray birch), Uzbekistan
Carpinus (hornbeams), Carya Europe: Armenia,
(hickories), Castanea sativa Austria, Azerbaijan,
(chesnut), Cedrus libani (cedar Belarus, Belgium,
of Lebanon), Corylus, Corylus Bulgaria, Croatia,
avellana (hazel), Eucalyptus Cyprus, Czech Republic,
camaldulensis (red gum), Denmark, France,
Fagus (beeches), Fagus Germany, Greece,
grandifolia (american beech), Hungary, Italy,
Fagus sylvatica (common Lithuania, Macedonia,
beech), Fraxinus americana Moldova, Montenegro,
(white ash), Fraxinus Netherlands, Poland,
pennsylvanica (downy ash), Portugal, Romania,
Glycine max (kedelai, Russian Federation,
soyabean), Hamamelis Serbia, Slovakia,
virginiana (virginian witch- Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
hazel), Larix (larches), Larix Switzerland, Ukraine,
kaempferi (Japanese larch), United Kingdom
Larix occidentalis (western
larch), Liquidambar styraciflua
- 136 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(sweet gum), Litchi chinensis
(lichi), Lithocarpus edulis,
Malus (ornamental species
apple), Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Ostrya virgianiana
(american hophornbeam),
Picea abies (common spruce),
Picea jezoensis (yeddo spruce),
Pinus (pines), Pinus brutia
(brutian pine), Pinus contorta
(lodgepole pine), Pinus
echinata (shortleaves pine),
Pinus resinosa (red pine),
Pinus rigida (pitch pine), Pinus
strobus (eastern white pine),
Pinus sylvestris (scots pine),
Pinus taeda (loblolly pine),
Pistacia vera (pistachio),
Platanus acerifolia (London
planetree), Populus (stone
fruit), Populus grandidentata
(bigtooth aspen), Populus
nigra (black poplar), Populus
tremuloides (trembling aspen),
- 137 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus
armeniaca (aprikot, apricot),
plum), Prunus salicina
(japanese flowering cherry),
Prunus serotina (black cherry),
Prunus serrulata (japanese
flowering cherry), Pseudotsuga
menziesii (douglas-fir), Pyrus
(pear, pears), Quercus alba
(white oak), Quercus coccinea
(scarlet oak), Quercus
ellipsoidalis (Northern pin
oak), Quercus garryana (Garry
oak), Quercus ilex (holm oak),
Quercus lobata (California
white oak), Quercus montana
(basket oak), Quercus
muehlenbergii (Chinquapin
oak), Quercus palustris (pin
oak), Quercus petraea
(durmast oak), Quercus robur
(common oak), Quercus rubra
(northern red oak), Quercus
- 138 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
suber (cork oak), Quercus
velutina (black oak), Quercus
ilicifolia (bear oak), Robinia
(locust), Robinia pseudoacacia
(black locust), Salix (willows),
Salix babylonica (weeping
willows), Salix fragilis (crack
willows), Ulmus (elms),
Taxodium distichum (bald
cypress), Tilia americana
(basswood), Tilia cordata
(small-leaves lime), Vaccinium
(blueberries), Zea mays
145. Macrodactylus subspinosus II Beta spp., cucurbitae, akar (roots), America: Mexico, USA
(Fabricius); Fragaria vesca (wild daun (leaves),
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); strawberry), Malus domestica bunga
rose chafer (apel, apple), Prunus cerrasus (flowers,
(ceri, cherry), Piper nigrum inflorescence
(lada, pepper), legumes, s, cones,
Prunus persica (persik, peach), calyx), tanah
Pyrus communis (pir, pear), (soil)
buah batulainnya (other stone
fruit), Rubus spp., Rosa
- 139 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(mawar, roses), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
146. Macroplectra nararia Moore; II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), batang Asia: India, Sri Lanka
(Syn. Darna nararia, Natada nararia Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), (stems (above
Moore, Parasa nararia); Cocos nucifera (kelapa, gorund),
(Lepidoptera: Limacodidae); coconut), Canna spp. (bunga shoots,
nettle grub, fringed nettle grub, slug tasbih, canna), Citrus spp., trunks,
caterpillar Crotalaria spp., Elaeis branches),
guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil daun (leaves),
palm), Erythrina spp. (dadap, tanah (soil),
december tree), Musa spp. kayu (woods),
(pisang, banana), Eucalyptus media tanam
robusta (swamp mahogany), (growing
Gliricidia maculata, Lonicera media
spp., (honeysuckles), Psidium associated
guineense (guinea guava), with plants),
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), bibit
Tephrosia spp. (hoary-pea) (seedlings,
micropropaga
ted plants)
147. Macrotermes natalensis (Haviland); II Eucalyptus macarthurii, batang Africa: South Africa,
(Syn. Amplitermes natalensis, Eucalyptus smithii, Eucalyptus (stems (above Uganda
- 140 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Bellicositermes natalensis, Termes camaldulensis, Eucalyptus ground),
natalensis); grandis, Eucalyptus viminalis trunks,
(Isoptera: Termitidae) shoots,
branches),
kayu (woods)
148. Malacosoma americanum (Fabricius, II Acer rubrum (red maple), Acer batang America: Canada, USA
1793); saccharum (sugar maple), (stems,
(Lepidoptera: Lasyocampidae); Alnus (alders), Amelanchier trunks), kulit
eastern tent caterpillar, American (serviceberries), Berberis batang
tent caterpillar, apple tent caterpillar, vulgaris (European barberry), (bark), daun
orchard tent caterpillar Betula alleghaniensis (yellow (leaves), buah
birch), Betula papyrifera (fruits)
(paper birch), Carya
illinoinensis (pecan), Corylus,
Crataegus (hawthorns), Fagus
grandifolia (American beech),
Fraxinus americana (white
ash), Fraxinus excelsior (ash),
Hamamelis (witchhazel),
Liquidambar styraciflua (sweet
gum), Malus coronaria (sweet
crab-apple), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Nyssa sylvatica
(tupelo), Populus (poplars),
- 141 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Populus grandidentata
(Bigtooth aspen), Prunus
Prunus pennsylvanica, Prunus
persica (peach), Prunus
salicina (Japanese plum),
plum), Prunus serotina (black
cherry), Prunus virginiana
(common chokecherrytree),
Quercus alba (white oak),
Quercus rubra (northern red
oak), Rosa (roses), Salix
(willows), Sorbus (rowan), Tilia
americana (basswood), Ulmus
thomasii (rock elm)
149. Maladera castanea (Arrow); II Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), tanaman America: USA
(Syn. Aserica castanea (Arr.), Capsicum annuum (cabai (plants), Asia: China, Japan,
Autoserica castanea Arr.) besar, paprika, bell-pepper, tanah (soil) Republic of Korea (South
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); hot pepper, chilies, red Korea)
Asiatic garden beetle pepper), Brassica rapa
subspec. rapa (turnip),
Daucus carota (wortel, carrot),
Ipomoea batatas (Pastinaca
- 142 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
sativa (parsnip)
150. Manduca quinquemaculata (Haworth, II Atropa belladonna (deadly batang America: Canada, USA
1803); nightshade), Capsicum (stems,
(Syn. Phlegethontius celeus Hübner, annuum (cabai besar, paprika, trunks,
[1812], Phlegethontius bell pepper), Cestrum shoots,
quinquemaculata Haworth, Protoparce floribundum, Datura branches),
quinquemaculata ab. wirti Schaus, stramonium (jimsonweed), daun (leaves),
1927, Protoparce quinquemaculatus Kallstroemia parviflora, tanah (soil)
(Haworth, 1803), Sphinx Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
quinquemaculatus Haworth, 1803); tobacco), Nicotiana attenuata,
(Lepidoptera: Sphingidae); Nicotiana sylvestris, Physalis
tomato hornworm, five-spotted viscosa (sticky physalis),
hawkmoth, tobacco fly Solanum lycopersicum (tomat,
potato), Solanum
elaeagnifolium (silverleaf
nightsade), Solanum
grandiflorum
151. Manduca sexta (Linnaeus, 1763); II Atropa belladonna (deadly batang America: Antigua and
(Syn. Macrosila carolina (Linnaeus) nightshade), Cestrum (stems, Barbuda, Argentina,
Clemens, 1839, Manduca carolina floribundum, Datura trunks, Bahama, Barbados,
- 143 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Linnaeus) Hübner [1809], stramonium (kecubung, shoots, Belize, British Virgin
Phlegethontius carolina (Linnaeus) jimsonweed), Capsicum branches), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Hübner [1819], Phlegethontius sexta annuum (cabai besar, paprika, daun (leaves), Caribbean Islands,
(Linnaeus) Kirby, 1892, Protoparce bell-pepper), Datura wrightii, tanah (soil) Cayman Island, Chile,
carolina (Linnaeus) Butler, 1876, Kallstroemia parviflora, Musa Colombia, Costa Rica,
Protoparce griseata Butler, 1875, sp., Nicotiana tabacum Cuba, Dominica,
Protoparce jamaicensis Butler, 1876, (tembakau, tobacco), Nicotiana Dominican Republic,
Protoparce leucoptera Rothschild and sylvestris, Nicotiana attenuata, Ecuador, French Guiana,
Jordan, 1903, Protoparce sexta Physalis viscosa (sticky Grenada, Guadeloupe,
(Linnaeus) Rothschild & Jordan, physalis), Sesamum indicum Guatemala, Guyana,
1903, Protoparce sexta luciae Gehlen, (wijen, sesame), Solanum Haiti, Honduras,
1928, Protoparce sexta peruviana melongena (terung, aubergine, Jamaica, Martinique,
Bryk, 1953, Protoparce sexta eggplant), Solanum Mexico, Montserrat,
saliensis Kernbach, 1964, Sphinx lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Nicaragua, Panama,
caestri Blanchard, 1854, Sphinx Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto
carolina Linnaeus, 1764, Sphinx potato), Solanum Rico, Saint Kitts & Nevis,
eurylochus Philippi, 1860, Sphinx elaeagnifolium (silverleaves Saint Lucia, Saint
lycopersici Boisduval, [1875], Sphinx nightshade), Solanum Vincent and the
nicotianae Boisduval, [1875], Sphinx grandiflorum, Verbena spp. Grenadines, Suriname,
paphus Cramer, 1779, Sphinx sexta Trinidad and Tobago,
Linnaeus, 1763, Sphinx tabaci USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
Boisduval, [1875]); Oceania: Papua New
(Lepidoptera: Sphingidae); Guinea
tomato hornworm, tobacco
- 144 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
hornworm, Carolina sphinx (USA),
tomato sphinx
152. Mayetiola destructor (Say); II Agropyron spp., Hordeum batang Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
(Syn. Cecidomyia destructor, vulgare (barli, barley), Secale (stems, Tunisia
Cecidomyia frumentaria Rondani, cereale (rye) Triticum aestivum trunks, America: Canada, USA
Chortomyia secalina Loew, Mayetiola (gandum, wheat) shoots, Asia: Iraq, Israel,
mimeuri Mesnil, Mayetiola secalis branches), Kazakhstan, Syria,
Bollow, Phytophaga cerealis Rondani, biji (true seed Turkey
Phytophaga destructor); (inc. grain)) Europe: Austria,
(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae); Belgium, Bosnia and
hessian fly Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
- 145 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Oceania: New Zealand
153. Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth, 1809); II Allium spp. (onions, garlic, batang Africa: Mali, Morocco,
(Syn. Cirphis unipuncta Haworth, leek, etc.), Avena sativa (oat, (stems, Niger, Senegal, Somalia,
Heliophila Butl. Heliophila unipuncta oats), Brassica oleracea var. trunks, Togo
Haworth, Leucania antica Walker, italica (brokoli, broccoli), shoots, America: Argentina,
Leucania extranea Guenée, Leucania Brassica oleracea var. botrytis branches), Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil,
saccharivora Butl., Leucania (cauliflower), Brassica daun (leaves), Canada, Chile, Colombia,
unipuncta Haworth, Leucania oleracea var. gemmifera tanah (soil) Costa Rica, Cuba,
unipuncta tseki Koutsaftikis, Noctua (Brussels sprouts), Guatemala, Jamaica,
unipuncta Haworth, Pseudaletia Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Mexico, Panama,
adultera, Pseudaletia unipuncta Hordeum vulgare (barli, Paraguay, Puerto Rico,
(Haworth), Pseudaletia unipuncta barley), Medicago sativa USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
quecha Franclemont, Sideridis (alfalfa, lucerne), Nicotiana Asia: China, India, Iran,
unipuncta Haworth); tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Israel, Turkey,
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, Uzbekistan
rice armyworm, American army rice), Saccharum officinarum Europe: Bulgaria, Czech
worm, American wainscot, (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum Republic, Denmark,
armyworm, armyworm, American, bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), France, Germany,
armyworm, true, rice cutworm, true rumput dan serealea lainnya Greece, Hungary,
armyworm, white-speck (Poaceae and other cerealia), Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Panicum miliaceum (millet), Luxemburg, Malta,
Phaseolus spp. (beans), Secale Netherlands, Poland,
cereale (rye), Solanum Portugal, Romania,
- 146 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Russian Federation,
Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
potato), Triticum (wheat), Switzerland, United
Turfgrasses, Trifolium spp. Kingdom
(clovers), Zea mays subsp.
mays (jagung manis,
sweetcorn), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
154. Myzaphis rosarum (Kaltenbach, II Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang Africa: South Africa
1843); (stems, Asia: India
(Hemiptera: Aphididae); shoots,
lesser rose aphid branches),
daun (leaves),
bunga
(flowers,
inflorescence
s, cones,
calyx)
155. Naupactus leucoloma Boheman; II Allium ascalonicum (bawang batang Africa: South Africa
(Syn. Graphognathus leucoloma merah, shallot), Allium cepa (stems (above America: Argentina,
Buchanan, Pantomorus leucoloma); (bawang bombay, onion), ground), Brazil, Chile, Peru, USA,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); Arachys hypogaea (kacang trunks, Uruguay
whitefringed weevil, whitefringed tanah, peanut), Ipomoea shoots, Oceania: Australia, New
beetle batatas (ubi jalar, sweet branches), Zealand
- 147 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
potato), Medicago sativa daun (leaves),
(alfalfa, lucerne), Solanum umbi (tubers,
tuberosum (kentang, potato), bulbs), tanah
Trifolium repens (semanggi (soil), akar
putih, white clover), pastures (roots)
156. Oberea bimaculatus Leconte; II Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang America: America.
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); (stems,
raspberry cane borer shoots,
trunks), daun
(leaves),
bunga
(flowers)
157. Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead); II Eucalyptus botryoides, daun (leaves) Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); Eucalyptus bridgesiana, Tunisia
Eucalyptus gall wasp Eucalyptus camaldulensis (red America: USA
gum), Eucalyptus cinerea, Asia: Israel, Syria, Turkey
Eucalyptus globulus Europe: France, Italy,
(Tasmanian blue gum), Malta, Portugal, Spain,
Eucalyptus grandis, United Kingdom
Eucalyptus gunii, Eucalyptus Oceania: Australia, New
nicholii, Eucalyptus Zealand
pulverulenta, Eucalyptus
robusta, Eucalyptus rudis,
Eucalyptus saligna,
- 148 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Eucalyptus tereticornis,
Eucalyptus viminalis,
Eucalyptus spp.
158. Opogona sacchari Bojer; II Ananas comosus (nanas, batang Africa: Cape Verde,
(Syn. Alucita sacchari Bojer, Gelechia pineapple), Alpinia, Begonia, (stems (above Madagascar, Mauritius,
ligniferalla Walker, Gelechia Bougainvillea spectabilis ground), Morocco, Nigeria,
sanctaehelenae Walker, Hieroxestis (Bougainvilla), Bromeliaceae, trunks, Réunion, Saint Helena,
ligniferella, Hieroxestis plumipes Cactaceae (cacti), Bambusa shoots, Seychelles, South Africa
Butler, Hieroxestis sanctaehelenae (bamboo), Capsicum branches), America: Barbados,
Walker, Hieroxestis subcervinella (peppers), Chamaedorea, daun (leaves), Bermuda, Honduras,
Walker, Laverna plumipes Butler, Chamaedorea elegans (parlour bunga USA, Brazil, Peru,
Opogona sanctaehelenae Walker, palm), Cordyline, (flowers, Venezuela
Opogona subcervinella (Walker), Tinea Dieffenbachia (dumbcanes), inflorescence Asia: China, Israel,
subcervinella Walker); Dioscorea (gembili, yam), s, cones, Japan
(Lepidoptera; Tineidae); Dracaena, Euphorbia calyx), bibit Europe: Germany, Italy,
banana moth, sugarcane moth pulcherrima (poinsettia), (seedlings), Netherlands, Poland,
Ficus, Hippeastrum, umbi (tubers, Portugal, Spain,
Heliconia, Hippeastrum, Musa bulbs), kulit Switzerland
(pisang, banana), Maranta kayu (bark)
(arrowroot), Polyphagous
(polyphagous), Philodendron,
Saintpaulia (african violet),
Sansevieria (snake plant),
Sinningia speciosa (gloxinia),
- 149 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
aubergine, eggplant),
sugarcane), Strelitzia, Yucca,
maize)
159. Oryctes boas Fabricius; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); coconut), Elaeis guineensis (stems, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
rhinoceros beetle, scarabeid oryctes (kelapa sawit, oil palm), trunks, Chad, Congo, DR Congo,
boas Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, shoots, Ethiopia, Gambia,
dates-palm), Washingtonia branches), Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
(washington-palm) daun (leaves), Coast, Kenya,
media tanam Madagascar, Malawi,
(growing Mali, Mauritania,
media Mauritius, Mozambique,
associated Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
with plants), Senegal, Seychelles,
tanah (soil), Sierra Leone, Somalia,
umbi (bulbs, South Africa, Sudan,
tubers, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
corms, Zimbabwe
rhizomes) Asia: Saudi Arabia,
Yemen
160. Oryctes elegans Prell; II Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, batang Africa: Mauritius
- 150 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); dates-palm) (stems, Asia: Iran
rhinoceros beetle trunks,
shoots,
branches),
daun (leaves),
media tanam
(growing
media
associated
with plants),
tanah (soil)
161. Oryctes monoceros (Olivier); II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Oryctes blucheaui Fairmaire, coconut), Elaeis guineensis (stems, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
1898, Oryctes insularis Coquerel, (kelapa sawit, oil palm), trunks, Cameroon, Comoros, DR
1852, Scarabaeus monoceros Olivier, Phoenix dactylifera (kurma, shoots, Congo, Congo, Ghana,
1789); (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); dates-palm), Agave sisalana branches), Guinea, Guyana, Ivory
rhinoceros beetle; coconut beetle (sisal hemp), Areca spp., daun (leaves), Coast, Kenya, Liberia,
Dracaena spp., Musa spp. media tanam Madagascar, Malawi,
(pisang, banana), Raphia spp., (growing Mali, Mauritius,
Saccharum officinarum (tebu, media Mozambique, Niger,
sugarcane) associated Nigeria, Rwanda,
with plants), Reunion, Senegal,
tanah (soil) Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
- 151 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda
Asia: Saudi Arabia,
Yemen
162. Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner); II Avena sativa (oat, oats), batang Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Botys nubilalis Robin & Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, (stems, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Laboulbène, 1884, Botys silacealis spinach), Amaranthus spp. trunks, America: Canada, USA
Hübner, 1796, Micracris nubilalis, (grain amaranth), Amaranthus shoots, Asia: China, Georgia,
Micractis nubilalis Hübner, Pyralis retroflexus (redroot pigweed), branches), Iran, Israel, Lebanon,
nubilalis Hübner, 1796, Pyrausta Arctium minus (common daun (leaves), Syria, Turkey
nubilalis Meyrick, 1890, Pyrausta burdock), Artemisia vulgaris buah (fruits), Europe: Austria, Belarus,
silacealis); (mugwort), Chrysanthemum biji (true seed Belgium, Bulgaria,
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae); spp., Capsicum spp. (peppers), (inc. grain), Bosnia and Herzegovina,
European maize borer, European Capsicum annuum (cabai tongkol (cob) Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
corn borer, corn moth, stalk borer besar, paprika, bell pepper), Republic, Denmark,
Chrysanthemum (daisy), France, Germany,
Cynara scolymus var. Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Scolymus (artisyok, Italy, Moldova,
globeartichoke), Datura Montenegro,
stramonium (jimsonweed), Netherlands, North
Echinochloa crus-galli Macedonia, Norway,
(barnyard grass), Glycine max Poland, Portugal,
(kedelai, soyabean), Romania, Russia, Serbia,
Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
- 152 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cotton), Helianthus annuus Sweden, Switzerland,
(bunga matahari, sunflower), Ukraine, United Kingdom
Humulus lupulus (hop),
Hordeum vulgare (barli,
barley), Humulus lupulus
(hops), Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Pennisetum glaucum
(pearl), rerumputan (Poaceae),
Populus (poplars), Prunus
sorghum), Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass), serealia
lainnya (cerealia), Setaria
italica (foxtail millet), Solanum
potato), Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean),
wheat), Vigna spp. (cowpea),
Xanthium (Cocklebur), Zea
mays (jagung, corn, maize),
Zea mays subsp. mays
- 153 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(jagung manis, sweetcorn)
163. Otiorhyncus sulcatus (Fabricius, II Pinus batang Africa: Egypt

1775); (stems, America: USA, Colombia,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); trunks, Chile, Canada
black pine weevil shoots, Asia: Japan
branches), Europe: Russian
kulit kayu Federation
(bark), kayu Oceania: Australia, New
(woods) Zealand
164. Oulema oryzae (Kuwayama, 1931); II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang Asia: China, DPR Korea
(Lema oryzae); rice) (stems), daun (North Korea), Georgia,
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); (leaves) Japan, Kazakhstan,
rice leaves beetle Kyrgystan, Republic of
Korea (South Korea),
Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Russian Federation,
- 154 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Ukraine
165. Pachydissus sericus Newman, 1838; II Acacia spp. batang Oceania: Australia
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); (stems (above
longhorn beetle ground),
trunks,
shoots,
branches),
kayu (woods),
kulit kayu
(bark)
166. Pachymerus lacerdae (Chevr.); II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa buah (fruits), Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Syn. Pachymerus olearius); sawit, oil palm) biji (true Faso, Cameroon, Cape
(Coleoptera: Bruchidae); seed) Verde, Gabon, Ghana,
palm kernel borer Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
Coast, Liberia,
Mauritania, Niger,
Nigeria, , Northwest
Africa, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, Togo
America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Colombia, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador,
- 155 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
French Guiana, Guyana,
Panama, Peru, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay,
Venezuela
167. Pachymerus nucleorum (Fabricius); II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, buah (fruits), America: Brazil, French
(Syn. Bruchus nucleorum, Caryoborus coconut), Elaeis guineensis biji (true Guiana, Guyana,
nucleorum); (kelapa sawit, oil palm) seed) Paraguay
(Coleoptera: Bruchidae);
coconut borer, kernel borer
168. Paleacrita vernata (Peck, 1795); II Ulmus spp. (elm, elm), Acer batang America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Alsophila vernata); spp., Betula spp., Prunus spp., (stems (above
(Lepidoptera: Geometridae); kayu hutan lainnya (other ground),
spring cankerworm forest trees) trunks,
shoots,
branches),
daun (leaves),
buah (fruits)
169. Papaipema nebris Guenée: II Cerealia, Panicum virgatum, batang America: USA
(Syn. Papaipema nitela); Poacea (grasses), Rheum (stems), daun
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); hybridum (rhubabrb), Zea (leaves),
stalk borer mays (jagung, corn, maize), bunga
Zea mays subsp. mays (flowers,
(jagung manis, sweetcorn) inflorescence
s, cones,
- 156 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
calyx)
170. Parallelodiplosis cattleyae (Molliard, II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) batang America: USA
1903); (stems), daun
(Diptera: Cecydomiidae); (leaves),
cattleya midge bunga
(flowers,
inflorescence
s, cones,
calyx)
171. Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, II Acer (maples), Aesculus bunga Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
1844); hippocastanum (horse (flowers, Libya
(Syn. Coccus rosarum Snellen van chestnut), Aphelandra inflorescence America: Argentina,
Volenhoven in De Graaf et al.,Coccus squarrosa (Zebra plant), s, cones, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
tiliae Fitch, Eulecanium corni corni Buxus sempervirens (common calyx), buah Mexico, Peru, USA
(Bouché); Schmutterer, Eulecanium boxwood), Crataegus (fruits), daun Asia: Afghanistan, China,
fraxini King, Eulecanium guignardi (hawthorns), Carpinus betulus (leaves), DPR Korea (North Korea),
King, Eulecanium kansasense (hornbeam), Celtis occidentalis batang Georgia, India, Iran,
(Hunter) King, Eulecanium rosae (hackberry), Citrus (stems, Israel, Japan,
King, Eulecanium vini (Bouché) aurantiifolia (lime), Clematis trunks, Kazakhstan, Republic of
Cockerell, Lecanium (Eulecanium) vitalba (old man's beard), shoots, Korea (South Korea),
armeniacum Craw; Cockerell & Cornus (Dogwood), Cornus branches), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Parrott, Lecanium (Eulecanium) sanguinea (dogwood), Corylus, bibit Mongolia, Pakistan,
assimile Newstead; Reh Corylus avellana (hazel), tanaman Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey,
- 157 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
=Lecanium (Eulecanium) aurantiacum Cotoneaster, Cydonia oblonga (seedlings) Turkmenistan,
Hunter, Lecanium (Eulecanium) (quince), Euonymus Uzbekistan
canadense Cockerell; Cockerell & europaeus, Fraxinus (ashes), Europe: Albania,
Parrott, Lecanium (Eulecanium) Jasminum (jasmine), Juglans Armenia, Austria,
caryarum Cockerell, Lecanium regia (walnut), Lonicera Azerbaijan, Belarus,
(Eulecanium) corylifex Fitch; (honeysuckles), Magnolia Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cockerell, Lecanium (Eulecanium) grandiflora (Southern Bosnia and Herzegovina,
crawii Ehrhorn; Cockerell & Parrott, magnolia), Malus domestica Czech Republic, Croatia,
Lecanium (Eulecanium) cynosbati (apel, apple), Mespilus Cyprus, Denmark,
Fitch; Cockerell & Parrott, Lecanium germanica (medlar), Morus Finland, France,
(Eulecanium) fitchii Signoret; alba (mora), Malus Germany, Greece,
Cockerell & Parrott, Lecanium (ornamental species apple), Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
(Eulecanium) kingii Cockerell, Mespilus germanica (medlar), Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Lecanium (Eulecanium) lintneri Morus alba (mora), Prunus Malta, Moldova,
Cockerell & Bennett; Cockerell, (stone fruit), Prunus domestica Montenegro,
Lecanium (Eulecanium) maclurarum (prem, plum), Prunus persica Netherlands, North
Cockerell, Lecanium (Eulecanium) (persik. peach), Populus Macedonia, Norway,
ribis Fitch; Cockerell & Parrott, (poplars), Prunus salicina Poland, Portugal,
Lecanium (Eulecanium) rugosum (Japanese plum), Prunus Romania, Russia, Serbia,
Signoret; Cockerell, Lecanium serotina (black cherry), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
(Eulecanium) tarsale Signoret; Pyracantha coccinea (Scarlet Sweden, Switzerland,
Cockerell & Parrott, Lecanium firethorn), Populus (poplars), Ukraine, United Kingdom
(Eulecanium) vini Bouché; King & Prunus salicina (Japanese Oceania: Australia, New
Reh, Lecanium adenostomae Kuwana, plum), Prunus serotina (black Zealand
- 158 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Lecanium armeniacum cherry), Pyracantha coccinea
Craw,Lecanium assimile Newstead, (Scarlet firethorn), Pyrus (pir,
Lecanium canadense Cockerell; pears), Pyrus communis
Cockerell, Lecanium caryaecanadense (European pear), Ribes uva-
Cockerell, Lecanium corni Bouché, crispa (gooseberry), Robinia
Lecanium corni robiniarum Marchal, pseudoacacia (black locust),
Lecanium coryli (Linnaeus); Sulc Rosmarinus officinalis
(misidentification), Lecanium corylifex (rosemary), Rubus
Fitch, Lecanium crawii Ehrhorn, (blackberry, raspberry), Rubus
Lecanium cynosbati Fitch, Lecanium idaeus (raspberry), Ribes
fitchii Signoret, Lecanium folsomi (currants), Ribes nigrum
King, Lecanium juglandifex Fitch, (blackcurrant), Ribes rubrum
Lecanium kansasense Hunter, (red currant), Rosa (mawar,
Lecanium lintneri Cockerell & Bennett roses), Salix (willows), Sorbus
in Cockerell, Lecanium (rowan), Spiraea, Taxus
macluraeHunter, Lecanium obtusum baccata (English yew), Tilia
Thro, Lecanium persicae crudum (limes), Ulmus (elms),
Green, Lecanium Vaccinium myrtillus
pruinosumarmeniacum Craw; Tyrell, (blueberry), Viburnum), Vitis
Lecanium rehi King in King & Reh, vinifera (anggur, grapevine,
Lecanium ribis Fitch, Lecanium Wisteria sinensis (purple
robiniarum Douglas, Lecanium wisteria)
rugosum Signoret, Lecanium tarsalis
Signoret, Lecanium vini Bouché,
- 159 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Lecanium websteri King, Lecanium
wistariae Signoret, Parthenolecanium
corni (Bouché); Borchsenius,
Parthenolecanium coryli (Linnaeus);
Sulc (misidentification));
(Hemiptera: Coccidae);
European fruit lecanium brown scale;
European fruit scale; peach scale;
yew scale; fruit scale
172. Pemphigus betae Doane; II Beta spp., Beta vulgaris var. batang America: Canada,
(Syn. Aphioides betae (DOANE), saccharifera (bit gula, sugar (stems, Mexico, USA
Hamadryaphis betae (DOANE), beet), Chenopodium album (fat shoots,
Kessleria betae (DOANE), Pemphigus hen), Populus (populars), branches),
balsamiferae WILLIAMS) Populus fremontii (Fremont daun (leaves),
(Hemiptera: Aphididae); cottonwood) umbi (tubers,
sugarbit root aphid bulbs)
173. Peridroma saucia (Hubner [1808]); II Abies balsamea (balsam fir), batang Africa: Morocco, Tunisia
(Syn. Agrotis angulifera Wallengren, Abies grandis (grand fir), Acer (stems, America: Argentina,
1860, Agrotis impacta Walker, [1857], (maples), Acer negundo (box trunks, Bermuda, Brazil,
Agrotis inermis Harris, 1841, Agrotis elder), Acer saccharum (sugar shoots, Canada, Chile, Colombia,
intecta Walker, [1857], Agrotis ortonii maple), Alcea rosea branches), Costa Rica, Ecuador,
Packard, 1869, Agrotis saucia (Hollyhock), Allium cepa daun (leaves), Guatemala, Jamaica,
(Hübner), Lycophotia margaritosa (bawang bombay, onion), bunga Mexico, Peru, Puerto
(Haworth), Lycophotia ochronota Alnus rubra (red alder), Allium (flowers, Rico, USA, Uruguay,
- 160 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Hampson, 1903, Lycophotia saucia ascalonicum (bawang merah, inflorescence Venezuela
(Hübner), Noctua aequa Hübner, shallot), Apium graveolens s, cones, Asia: China, Israel,
[1813], Noctua majuscula Haworth, (seledri, celery), Arachys calyx), media Japan, Republic of Korea
1809, Noctua margaritosa Haworth, hypogaea (kacang tanah, tanam (South Korea), Sri Lanka,
1809, Noctua saucia Hübner, [1808], peanut), Asparagus officinalis (growing Syria, Taiwan, Turkey
Peridroma margaritosa (Haworth), (asparagus, asparagus), media Europe: Albania,
Rhyacia margaritosa (Haworth), Asparagus setaceus associated Armenia, Austria,
Rhyacia saucia (Hübner)); (asparagus fern), Aster, with plants), Belgium, Bulgaria,
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Ambrosia artemisiifolia tanah (soil) Bosnia and Herzegovina,
variegated cutworm, pearly (common ragweed), Canary Island, Croatia,
underwing moth Amelanchier canadensis Czech Republic,
(thicket serviceberry), Denmark, Faroes Island,
Anthemis cotula (dog fennel), Finland, France,
Avena sativa (oat, oats), Germany, Greece,
Brassica spp, Beta vulgaris Hungary, Iceland,
(beetroot), Beta vulgaris var. Ireland, Italy, Kosovo,
saccharifera (sugar beet), Lithuania, Luxembourg,
Brassica napus var. napus Macedonia, Malta,
(rape), Brassica nigra (black Montenegro,
mustard), Brassica rapa Netherlands, Norway,
subsp. oleifera (turnip rape), Poland, Portugal,
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Romania, Russia, Serbia,
Brassica oleracea (cabbages, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
cauliflowers), Brassica Sweden, Switzerland,
- 161 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
oleracea var. capitata (kubis, United Kingdom
cabbage), Brassica oleracea
var. botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Capsicum
bell-pepper), Cynara scolymus
(artisyok, artichoke), Capsella
bursa-pastoris (shepherd's
purse), Chrysanthemum
(daisy), Cicer arietinum
(kacang arab, chickpea),
Cichorium (chicory), Cirsium
(thistle), Citrus lemon (lemon),
Chamaecyparis thyoides
(atlantic whitecedar),
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa),
Citrullus lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Cicer arietinum
(kacang arab, chickpea),
Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange),
Conyza canadensis, Cucumis
melo (melon, melon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita maxima
- 162 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(waluh, labu parang,
pumpkin), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Dahlia, Datura
stramonium (jimsonweed),
Dianthus (carnation),
Epilobium angustifolium
(rosebay willowherb), Erigeron
(Fleabane), Fragaria vesca
(wild strawberry), Fragaria
ananassa(stroberi,
strawberry), Geranium
(cranesbill), Gladiolus hybrids
(sword lily), Gleditsia
triacanthos (honey locust),
Gossypium (cotton),
Gossypium barbadens (kapas,
cotton), Gleditsia triacanthos,
Helianthus annuus (bunga
matahari, sunflower),
barley), Humulus lupulus
(hop), Inula
helenium(Elecampane),
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar,
- 163 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
sweet potato), Lathyrus
odoratus (sweet pea), Linum
usitatissimum (flax), Lolium
spp. (ryegrasses), Lactuca
sativa (selada, lettuce),
Maclura pomifera (osage
orange), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Mentha piperita,
Melia azedarach (Chinaberry),
Melilotus albus (honey clover),
Mentha piperita (Peppermint),
Mentha spicata (Spear mint),
Morus alba (mora), Medicago
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne),
Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Parthenium
argentatum (Guayule),
Petunia, Phaseolus lunatus
(lima bean), Phaseolus
bean), Phleum pratense
(timothy), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado), Pimenta
dioica (allspice), Pisum
- 164 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Pimenta dioica, Prunus
plum), Pyrus communis
(pir,pear), Portulaca oleracea,
Prunus cerasus, Prunus
Pteridium aquilinum, Picea
glauca (white spruce), Pisum
sativum (pea), Plantago
(Plantain), Polygonum
(knotweed), Populus (poplars),
Portulaca oleracea (purslane),
Pseudotsuga menziesii
(Douglas-fir), Pteridium
aquilinum (bracken), Pyrus
communis (European pear),
Raphanus sativus (lobak,
radish), Rheum hybridum
(rhubarb), Rhus (Sumach),
Ribes uva-crispa (gooseberry),
- 165 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Rosa (roses), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry), Rubus fruticosus
(blackberry), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry), Rubus occidentalis
(black raspberry), Raphanus
sativus (lobak, radish), Rumex
(Dock), Salix (willows), Salvia
officinalis (common sage),
Secale cereale (rye), Sinapis
alba (white mustard), Spinacia
oleracea, Stellaria
media,Solidago (Goldenrod),
Sonchus (Sowthistle), Spinacia
oleracea (spinach), Stellaria
media (common chickweed),
tomato), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Trifolium
(clovers), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), turfgrasses,
Tropaeolum majus (common
nasturtium), Tsuga
canadensis (eastern hemlock),
Vaccinium (blueberries), Vicia
- 166 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(vetch), Vicia faba (faba bean),
grapevine), Viola (violet), Vigna
spp. (buncis, cowpea),
Xanthium strumarium
(common cocklebur), Zea
Zea mays subsp. mays
(sweetcorn), Zea mays subsp.
mexicana (teosinte), Zinnia
174. Perileucoptera coffeella (Guérin- II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), daun (leaves) Africa: Madagascar
Méneville); Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, America: Antigua and
(Syn. Cemiostoma coffeella (Guérin- arabica coffee) Barbuda, Barbados,
Méneville), Elachista coffeella Guérin- Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Méneville, Leucoptera coffeella Costa Rica, Cuba,
(Guérin-Méneville)) Dominica, Dominican
(Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae); Republic, Ecuador, El
coffee leafminer, white coffee Salvador, French Guiana,
leafminer Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Martinique,
Mexico, Montserrat,
Nicaragua, Peru, Puerto
- 167 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the
Venezuela
175. Phenacoccus gossypii Townsend & II Avena sativa (oats), Acacia batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
Cockerell; (wattles), Acalypha (stems, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
(Syn. Phenacoccus madeirensis, (Copperleaf), Ageratina trunks, DR Congo, Gabon,
Phenacoccus grenadensis, adenophora (Croftonweed), shoots, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory
Phenacoccus harbisoni); Ambrosia (Ragweed), Ananas branches), Coast, Liberia, Malawi,
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); comosus (pineapple), daun (leaves), Mauritius, Mozambique,
Mexican mealybug, cassava mealybug Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit), bunga Nigeria, Sao Tome and
Aster, Capsicum annuum (flowers, Principe, Senegal,
(cabai besar, paprika, bell inflorescence Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
pepper), Citrus, Coleus, s, cones, Togo, Zimbabwe
Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), calyx) America: Antigua and
Cassia (sennas), Cestrum Barbuda, Bermuda,
(jessamine), Cestrum Bahama, Barbados,
nocturnum (night scented British Virgin Islands,
cestrum), Codiaeum Bolivia, Cayman Islands,
(ornamental croton), Costa Rica, Cuba,
Codiaeum variegatum Dominica Republic,
(croton), Desmodium (tick Ecuador, Guyana,
clovers), Erigeron (Fleabane), Grenada, Guadeloupe,
- 168 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Fabaceae (leguminous plants), Guatemala, Haiti,
Gossypium barbadens (kapas, Jamaica, Montserrat,
cotton), Geranium (cranesbill), Mexico, Panama, Puerto
Gesneriaceae, Hibiscus Rico, Saint Kitts and
mutabilis (cottonrose), Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Hibiscus (rosemallows), Trinidad and Tobago,
Lantana camara, Lantana, USA, Venezuela
Malvaceae, Mentha (mints), Asia: India, Philippines,
Mikania micrantha (mile-a- Taiwan, Thailand, Yemen
minute), Mimosa (sensitive Europe: France, Greece,
plants), Manihot esculenta (ubi Portugal, Spain
kayu, cassava), Ocimum Oceania: Federated State
basilicum (basil), of Micronesia, Guam
Pachystachys, Parthenium
hysterophorus (parthenium
weed), Pelargonium, Ricinus
communis (jarak kepyar,
castor bean), Sophora,
(terung, aubergine, eggplan,),
potato)
176. Phorachanta semipunctata II Eucalyptus diverisicolor, E. batang Africa: South Africa
- 169 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Fabricius); globules, E. maidenii (stems, America: USA
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); trunks, Europe: France, Italy,
Eucalyptus longhorned borer shoots, Netherlands, Portugal,
branches), Spain
kayu (woods),
kulit kayu
(bark)
177. Phylloxera vitifoliae (Fitch).; II Vitis vinifera (anggur, batang Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
(Syn. Dactylosphaera vastatrix grapevine), Vitis aestivalis (stems (above South Africa, Tunisia,
(Planchon, Dactylosphaera vitifoliae (Summer grape), Vitis labrusca ground), Zimbabwe
(Shimer), Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (fox grape), Vitis riparia shoots, America: Argentina,
Fitch, Daktylosphaera vitifoliae Fitch, (riverbank grape) trunks, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
Pemphigus vitifoliae Fitch, Peritymbia branches), Canada, Colombia,
vastatrix Fitch, Peritymbia vitifoliae daun, buah, Mexico, Panama, Peru,
(Planchon), Peritymbia vitisana bunga, akar Uruguay, USA, Venezuela
Westwood, Phylloxera pervastatrix Asia: China, DPR Korea
Börner, Phylloxera vastatrix (North Korea), Georgia,
(Planchon, Phylloxera vitifolii (Fitch), India, Israel, Japan,
Rhizaphis vastatrix (Planchon), Viteus Jordan, Lebanon,
vastatrix (Planchon), Viteus vitifoliae); Republic of Korea (South
(Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae); Korea), Syria, Turkey
phylloxera, grape phylloxera, vine Europe: Armenia,
louse, grape leaf louse Austria, Azerbaijan,
- 170 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Republic, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta,
North Macedonia,
Portugal, Poland,
Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Serbia, Spain,
United Kingdom
Zealand
178. Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758); II Alliaria petiolata (garlic batang Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Artogeia rapae, Ascia rapae, mustard), Brassica spp., (stems, Libya, Morocco
Mancipium rapae, Papilio rapae, Brassica oleracea (cabbage, trunks, America: Bermuda,
Pontia rapae); cauliflowers), Brassica shoots, Canada, Mexico, USA
(Lepidoptera: Pieridae); oleracea var. botrytis (bunga branches), Asia: Afghanistan,
cabbage butterfly, cabbage white kol, cauliflower), Brassica daun (leaves) Azerbaijan, China, DPR
butterfly, common cabbage worm, oleracea var. capitata (kubis, Korea (North Korea),
imported cabbage worm, rape white cabbage), Brassica Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
butterfly, small white butterfly oleraceavar. gemmifera Israel, Japan, Jordan,
- 171 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Brussels sprouts), Brassica Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
oleracea var. gongylodes Mongolia, Myanmar,
(kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea Pakistan, Republic of
var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Korea (South Korea),
Brassica oleracea var. viridis Singapore, Syria, Taiwan,
(collards), Brassica rapa Turkey, Vietnam
cultivar group, Cakile Europe: Austria, Belarus,
maritima, Caixin, Brassica Belgium, Bulgaria,
rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip Bosnia and Herzegovina,
rape), Brassica rapa subsp. Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
pekinensis, Brassicaceae Republic, Denmark,
(cruciferous crops), Erysimum Estonia, Finland, France,
cheiranthoides (Treacle Germany, Greece,
mustard), Rorippa indica Ireland, Italy, Kosovo,
(indian marshcress), Spinacia Latvia, Montenegro,
oleracea (Spinach), Malta, Netherlands,
Tropaeolum majus (common North Macedonia,
nasturtium) Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
- 172 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Zealand
179. Piesarthrus marginellus Newman; II Acacia spp. batang Oceania: Australia
acacia longhorn beetle trunks,
shoots,
branches),
kayu (woods),
kulit kayu
(bark)
180. Pimelephila ghesquierei Tams, 1930; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae); coconut), Elaeis guineensis (stems, Central African Republic,
African spear borer (kelapa sawit, oil palm), trunks, Congo, DR Congo,
Raphia sp. (palem rafia, raffia shoots, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
palm) branches), Guinea-Bissau, Guinea,
daun (leaves), Ivory Coast, Liberia,
titik tumbuh Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
(growing Sierra Leone, Togo
points)
181. Pissodes strobi (Peck, 1817); II Picea abies (common spruce), batang America: Canada,
(Syn.Pissodes engelmanni Hopkins, Picea engelmannii (Engelmann (stems, Mexico, USA
1911, Pissodes sitchensis Hopkins, spruce), Picea glauca (white trunks), kayu
1911); spruce), Picea sitchensis (Sitka (woods),
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); spruce), Picea mariana (black tunas
- 173 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
sitka spruce weevil spruce), Picea omorika (Pancic (shoots),
spruce), Picea pungens (blue cabang
spruce), Picea rubens (red (branches)
spruce), Pinus banksiana (jack
pine), Pinus strobus (eastern
white pine), Pinus balfourina,
Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine),
Pinus flexilis (limber pine),
Pinus koraiensis (fruit pine),
Pinus monticola (western white
pine), Pinus mugo (mountain
pine), Pinus nigra (black pine),
Pinus parviflora (Japanese
white pine), Pinus
peuce,(macedonian pine),
Pinus rigida (pitch pine), Pinus
strobiformis (southwestern
white pine), Pinus sylvestris
(Scots pine), Pinus
tecunumanii (tecun uman
pine), Pinus wallichiana (blue
pine), Pinus densifola, Pinus
flexilis, Pinus griffithii, Pinus
- 174 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
montocola, Pinus mugo, Pinus
ponderosa, Pinus rigida, Pinus
syvestris, Pseudotsuga
menziesii
182. Planococcoides njalensis (Laing); II Ananas comosus (nanas, tunas Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
(Syn. Pseudococcus njalensis Laing, pineapple), Bombax (shoots), DR Congo, Congo,
Pseudococcus exitiabilis Laing, buonopozense (silk-cotton batang Ghana, Guinea, Ivory
Planococcus njalensis); tree), Ceiba pentandra (kapok), (stems, Coast, Liberia, Nigeria,
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); Clerodendrum (Fragrant trunks), daun Sao Tome and Principe,
west African cocoa mealybug clerodendron), Coffea spp. (leaves), buah Senegal, Sierra Leone,
(kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica (fruits), bibit Togo
(kopi arabika, arabica coffee), (seedlings)
Coffea canephora (kopi
robusta, robusta coffee),
Coffea liberica (Liberian coffee
tree), Cola acuminate (cola),
Delonix regia (flamboyant),
Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae
(leguminous plants), Gliricidia
sepium (mother of cocoa),
mango), Rubiaceae,
Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae,
- 175 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cocoa), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado)
183. Planococcus kenyae (Le Pelley); II Acacia spp. (wattles), Annona tunas Africa: Burundi, Congo,
(Syn. Planococcus subukiaensis De cherimola (cherimoya), Annona (shoots), DR Congo, Ghana, Ivory
Lotto. 1954, Pseudococcus kenyae Le squamosa (srikaya, sweetsop), batang Coast, Kenya, Malawi,
Pelley, 1935, P. Kenyaensis, Betrem, Bauhinia purpurea (purple (stems, Mauritius, Nigeria,
1936); bauhinia), Beta vulgaris (bit, trunks, Rwanda, Sierra Leone,
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); beetroot), Carissa edulis branches), Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
coffee mealybug, Kenya mealybug (egyptian carissa), Codiaeum daun (leaves), Uganda, Zimbabwe
variegatum (croton), Cajanus bunga
cajan (kacang gude, pigeon (flowers,
pea), Citrus spp. (jeruk, inflorescence
orange), Coffea spp. (kopi, s, cones,
coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi calyx), buah
arabika, arabica coffee), (fruits), akar
Coffea canephora (kopi (roots), bibit
robusta, robusta coffee), (seedlings)
Coffea eugenioides, Dioscorea
sp. (gembili, yam), Erythrina
abyssinica (red hot poker
tree), Gardenia, Gliricidia,
cotton), Indigofera spp.,
(indigo), Impatiens (balsam),
- 176 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Inga, Ipomoea batatas (ubi
jalar, sweet potato),
Jacaranda mimosifolia
(Brazilian rose wood), Lolium
perenne (perennial ryegrass),
Phaseolus (beans), Psidium
guajava (jambu batu, guava),
Pueraria lobata, Pueraria
montana var. lobata (kudzu),
Passiflora spp. (passion
flower), Ricinus communis
(jarak kepyar, castor bean),
Sesbania grandiflora (turi,
agati), Sesbania sesban
(sesban), Saccharum
Solanum (nightshade),
Solanum seaforthianum (star
potato-vine), Sonchus
oleraceus (common
sowthistle), Theobroma cacao
(kakao, cocoa)
184. Platyomopsis egena (Pascoe); II Acacia spp. batang Oceania: Australia
- 177 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
grey ringbarker trunks,
shoots,
branches),
kayu (woods),
kulit kayu
(bark)
185. Platyomopsis nigrovireus Donovan; II Acacia spp. batang Oceania: Australia
green striped longhorn beetle trunks,
shoots,
branches),
kayu (woods),
kulit kayu
(bark)
186. Popillia japonica Newman; II Acer spp., Asparagus batang America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Aserica japonica, Aserica officinalis (asparagus, (stems, Asia: India, Japan
japonica, Maladera japonica, Serica asparagus), Aesculus spp., trunks, Europe: Italy, Portugal,
japonica); Althaea spp., Betula spp., shoots, Russian Federation
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); Castanea spp., Glycine max branches),
Japanese beetle, velvety chafer (kedelai, soyabean), Hibiscus daun (leaves),
spp., Juglans nigra, Malus bunga
domestica (apel, apple), buah (flowers,
batu (stone fruit), Platanus inflorescence
spp., Populus spp., Rheum s,cones,
- 178 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
hybridum, Rosa spp. (mawar, calyx), akar
rose), Rubus spp.(raspberry), (roots), tanah
Salix spp., Sorbus americana, (soil)
Sassafras albidum, Tilia spp.,
turfgrasses, Ulmus spp., Zea
187. Prionoryctes canaliculus Arrow.; II Dioscorea sp. (gembili, yam), batang Africa: Algeria, Angola,
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae); Dioscorea esculenta (stems), daun Benin, Botswana,
yam beetle (leaves), umbi Burkina Faso, Burundi,
(tubers) Cape Verde, Cameroon,
Central African Republic,
Chad, Comoros, Congo,
DR Congo, Djibouti,
Egypt, Equatorial
Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco,
- 179 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
South Africa, South
Sudan, Sudan,
Uganda, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
188. Prostephanus truncatus (Horn.); II Arachis hypogaea (kacang umbi kering Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Syn. Dinoderus truncates); tanah, peanut), Dioscorea sp. (tubers), biji Faso, Burundi, Ghana,
(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae); (gembili, yam), Dried cassava (true seed Guinea, Kenya, Malawi,
larger grain borer, greater grain (gaplek), Manihot esculenta (inc. grain), Mozambique, Namibia,
borer, scania beetle (ubi kayu, cassava), stored kayu (woods), Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
products (dried dtored akar (roots) Senegal, South Africa,
products), Phaseolus vulgaris Tanzania, Togo, Zambia
(buncis, common bean), America: Brazil, Canada,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Colombia, Costa Rica, El
sorghum), Triticale spp., Salvador, Guatemala,
Triticum aestivum (gandum, Honduras, Mexico,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Nicaragua, Panama,
corn, maize) Peru, USA
Asia: Cambodia
Europe: France, Italy
189. Protomelittoma insulare Fairmaire; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang Africa: Madagascar,
- 180 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Coleoptera: Lymexylidae); coconut), Elaeis guineensis (trunks, Seychelles
stem borer (kelapa sawit, oil palm) shoots,
branches)
190. Pseudococcus aurilanatus (Maskell, II Araucaria spp. batang Africa: Kenya, Uganda
1890); (trunks, America: Canada,
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); shoots, Mexico, USA
Golden mealybug, yellow banded branches), Oceania: Australia, New
mealybug kayu (woods) Zealand
191. Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell, II Abutilon (Indian Mallow), seluruh Africa: Ghana,
1893); Arachis hypogaea (kacang bagian Madagascar, Morocco,
(Syn. Dactylopius calceolariae tanah, peanut), Brachychyton, tanaman Namibia, South Africa
(Maskell), Erium calceolariae Brassica, Ceanothus (white- (whole plants) America: Argentina,
((Maskell) Lindinger), Pseudococcus thorne), Chenopodium Brazil, Bolivia, Central
citrophilus (Clausen), P. fragilis Brain; (Goosefoot), Citrus medica America, Colombia,
P. gahani Green, P. similans); (citron), Conium maculatum Chile, Dominican
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); (Poison hemlock), Crataegus, Republic, Ecuador,
scarlet mealybug, Citrophilus (hawthorns), Cynodiaoblonga French Guiana, Mexico,
mealybug, currant mealybug (quince), Daucus carota Paraguay, Peru,
(wortel, carrot), Dodonaea Uruguay, USA,
viscosa (switsch sorrel), Venezuela,
Eugenia, Ficus, Fragaria Asia: China, Georgia
(stroberi, strawberry), Europe: Czech Republic,
Geranium (cranesbill), Hedera France, Italy,
- 181 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
helix (ivy), Helianthusspp. Netherlands, Portugal,
(sunflower), Heliotropium Russian Federation,
arborescens (cherry pie), Slovakia, Spain, Ukraine,
Hibiscus (rosemallows), United Kingdom
Juglans regia (walnut), Oceania: Australia, New
Laburnum anargyroides Zealand
(laburnum), Ligustrum (privet),
Lolium spp (ryegrasses), Malus
domestica (apel, apple), Malus
sylvestris (crab-apple tree),
Malva (mallow), Musa
plantain), Nerium oleander
(oleander), Pelargonium
(pelargoniums), Pinus radiata
(radiata pine), Pisum sativum
(pea), Pittosporum tobira
(japanese pittosporum),
Pittosporum undulatum
(pittosporum), Polyscias,
Prunus, (stone fruit), Pyrus
communis (European pear),
Rheum hybridum, (rhubarb),
Rhododendron (Azalea), Ribes
- 182 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
sanguineum (Flowerring
currant), Rosa (mawar, roses),
Rubus (blackberry, raspberry)
Schinus molle (false pepper
tree), Sechium edulle
(chayotte), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa), Vitis
sugarcane)
192. Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown; II Anacardium occidentale batang Africa: Botswana, Ivory
(Syn. Theraptus sp. (Way, 1951)); (jambu mete, cashew-nut), (stems, Coast, Kenya, South
(Hemiptera: Coreidae); Averrhoa carambola trunks, Africa, Tanzania, Zambia
coconut bug (belimbing, carambola, shoots,
starfruit), Carya illinoinensis branches),
(pecan), Cinnamomum bunga
myanmarnii (bark of kayu (flowers,
manis, cassia vera), inflorescence
Cinnamomum verum (kayu s, cones,
manis, cinnamon), Cocos calyx), buah
nucifera (kelapa, coconut), (fruits)
Eriobotrya japonica (lokwat,
loquat), Litchi chinensis (leci,
- 183 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
lichi), Macadamia spp.,
Macadamia integrifolia
(macadamia nut), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango),
avocado), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava),
cocoa)
193. Psila rosae (Fabricius, 1794); II Apium graveolens (seledri, umbi (bulbs, America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Chamaepsila hennigi Thomson celery), Apium graveolens var. tubers, Asia: Georgia, Japan,
& Pont, 1994, Chamaepsila rosae rapaceum (celeriac), Anethum corms, Mongolia, Turkey
(Fabricius, 1794), Musca rosae graveolens (dill), Anthriscus rhizomes), Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Fabricius, 1794; preocc. [ICZN App. cerefolium, Brassica, Brassica media tanam Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
pending]); oleracea var. botrytis (bunga (growing Republic, Denmark,
(Diptera: Psilidae); kol, cauliflower), Coriandrum media Finland, France,
carrot root fly, carrot rust fly sativum (ketumbar, associated Germany, Hungary,
corriander), Conium with plants), Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
maculatum (Poison hemlock), tanah (soil) Netherlands, Norway,
Carum carvi (jinten, caraway), Poland, Russia, Slovakia,
Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Foeniculum vulgare (adas Switzerland, Ukraine,
pedas, fennel), Levisticum United Kingdom
officinale (lovage), Oceania: New Zealand
- 184 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Petroselinum crispum (parseli,
parsley), Pastinaca sativa
(parsnip), Raphanus sativus
(lobak, radish)
194. Pyrrhia umbra (Hufnagel, 1766); II Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, batang Asia: Georgia,
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); tomato) (stems, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
rose budworm, tobacco striped branches), Republic of Korea (South
caterpillar daun (leaves), Korea), Tajikistan,
bunga Turkmenistan,
(flowers, Uzbekistan
inflorescence Europe: Armenia,
s, cones, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
calyx) Estonia, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Ukraine, Russian
Federation, United
Kingdom
195. Recilia mica Kramer; II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa tunas Africa: West Africa
(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); sawit, oil palm) (shoots),
cicadellid leaveshopper batang
(trunks,
branches),
daun (leaves)
196. Rhagoletis cerasi Linnaeus; II Lonicera xylosteum (Fly buah (fruits), Asia: Georgia, Iran,
- 185 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Musca cerasi, Rhagoletis cerasi honeysuckle), Malus media tanam Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
fasciata, R. cerasi nigripes, R. cerasi domestica (apel, apple), Prunus (growing Tajikistan, Turkey,
obsoleta, R. obsoleta, Spilographa americana (aprikot, apricot), media Turkmenistan,
cerasi, Tephritis cerasi, Trypeta Prunus persica (persik, peach), associated Uzbekistan
signata, Urophora cerasorum, Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), with plants), Europe: Austria,
Urophora liturata, Zonosema cerasi); Prunus avium (sweet cherry), tanah (soil) Belgium, Bulgaria,
(Diptera: Tephritidae); Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Europeancherryfruit fly, cherry fruit cherry), Prunus serotina (black Croatia, Czech Republic,
fly cherry), Prunus domestica Denmark, Estonia,
(prem, plum), Pyrus communis France, Germany,
(pir, pear) Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Ukraine
197. Rhagoletis cingulata (Loew); II Prunus avium (ceri manis, buah (fruits America: Canada,
(Syn. Trypeta (Rhagoletis) cingulate sweet cherry), Prunus cerrasus (inc. pods), Mexico, USA
Loew, Trypeta cingulata Loew); (kersen, sour cherry), Prunus media tanam Europe: Austria,
- 186 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Diptera: Tephritidae); serotina (black cherry), Prunus (growing Belgium, Croatia, Czech
Cherry fruit fly americana (aprikot, apricot), media Republic, France,
Prunus persica (persik, peach), associated Germany, Hungary,
Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb with plants), Netherlands, Slovenia,
cherry), Prunus virginiana tanah (soil) Switzerland
(common choke cherry
tree), Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), Prunus domestica
(prem, plum) Malus domestica
(apel, apple)
198. Rhagoletis fausta (Osten-Sacken, II Prunus avium (sweet cherry), buah (fruits), America: Canada, USA
1877); Prunus cerrasus (ceri, cherry), media tanam
(Syn. Acidia fausta (Osten-Sacken), Malus domestica (apel, apple), (growing
Rhagoletis intrudens Aldrich, Trypeta Prunus americana (aprikot, media
(Acidia) fausta Osten-Sacken, Trypeta apricot), Prunus emarginata associated
fausta Osten-Sacken); (bitter cherry tree), Prunus with plants),
(Diptera: Tephritidae); persica (persik, peach), Prunus tanah (soil)
black (dark) cherry fruit fly domestica (prem, plum),
Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb
cherry), Prunus pensylvanica
(pin cherry), Prunus serotina
(black cherry), Prunus
virginiana (common choke
cherry tree), Pyrus communis
- 187 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(pir, pear)
199. Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh.; II Amelanchier (service berries), buah (fruits America: Canada,
(Syn. Rhagoletis symphoricarpi, Aronia (chockeberry), Cornus (inc. pods)), Mexico, USA.
Spilographa pomonella (Walsh), florida (Flowering dogwood), media tanam
Trypeta pomonella, Zonosema Cotoneaster, Cotoneaster (growing
pomonella (Walsh)); apiculatus, Cotoneaster media
(Diptera: Tephritidae); coriaceus, Cotoneaster associated
apple maggot fly, railroad worm integerrimus, Crataegus with plants),
(hawthorns), Crataegus crus- tanah (soil)
galli (Cockspur hawthorn),
Crataegus douglasii (black
hawthorn), Crataegus
laevigata, Crataegus
monogyna (hawthorn),
Crataegus suksdorfii, Malus
(ornamental species apple),
Malus baccata (siberian crab
apple), Prunus (stone fruit),
apricot), Prunus angustifolia
(Mountain cherry tree), Prunus
Prunus avium (sweet cherry),
- 188 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Prunus cerasifera (myrobalan
plum), Prunus cerrasus (ceri,
(persik, peach), Prunus
emarginata(Bitter cherry tree),
cherry), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Prunus
virginiana (common
chokecherry tree), Pyracantha
coccinea (Scarlet firethorn),
Pyrus communis (pir, pear),
Pyrus pyrifolia (Oriental pear
tree), Rosa (roses), Rosa
rugosa (rugosa rose), Rosa
virginiana (Virginia rose),
Sorbus aucuparia (mountain
ash), Sorbus scopulina
200. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier, II Areca catechu (betelnut palm), titik tumbuh Africa: Egypt, Libya,
1790); Arecastrum romanzofflanum (growing Morocco, Tunisia
(Syn. Calandra ferrugineus Fabrcius, (queen palm), Arenga points), America: Aruba,
1801, Curculio ferrugineus, 1790, saccharifera (sugar palm), batang Curacao, Netherlands
Rhynchophorus signaticollis Arenga pinnata (aren, sugar (stems, Antilles
- 189 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Chevrolat, 1882); palm), Borassus flabellifer trunks, Asia: Bahrain,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); (toddy palm), Calamus merrillii shoots, Bangladesh, Cambodia,
red palm weevil (rattan), Caryota cumingii branches) China, Georgia, India,
(fishtall palm), Caryota Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
maxima (giant mountain Jordan, Kuwait, Lao PDR
fishtail palm), Chamaerops (Laos), Lebanon,
humilis (dwarf fan palm), Malaysia, Myanmar,
Cocos nucifera (kelapa, Oman, Pakistan,
coconut), Corypha utan, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi
Corypha umbraculifer (talipot Arabia, Singapore, Sri
palm), Elaeis guineensis Lanka, Syria, Taiwan,
(kelapa sawit, oil palm), Thailand, Turkey, United
Howea forsteriana (Kentia Arab Emirates, Vietnam,
palm), Jubaea chilensis Yemen
(Chilean wine palm), Livistona Europe: Albania, Croatia,
australis (cabbage tree palm), Cyprus, France, Greece,
Livistona decipiens (ribbon fan Italy, Malta, Portugal,
palm), Livistona chinensis Slovenia, Spain
(Chinese fan palm), Livistona
saribus (serdang palm),
Livistona subglobosa,
Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago
palm), Oneosperma horrida,
Oneosperma tigillarium
- 190 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(nibong palm), Phoenix
canariensis (Canary Island
date palm), Phoenix dactylifera
(kurma, date palm), Phoenix
syslvestris (Indian date palm),
Phoenix theophrasti (Cretan
date palm), Roystona regia,
Sabal umbraculifera, Saribus
rotundifolia, Trachycarpus
fortunei (chusan palm),
Washingtonia (Washington-
palm)
201. Rhynchophorus palmarum (Linneaeus II Artocarpus communis (sukun, batang America: Argentina,
1758); breadfruit), Ananas comosus (stems), daun Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,
(Syn. Calandra palmarum (Linnaeus) (nanas, pineapple), Annona (leaves) Brazil, Colombia, Costa
1801, Cordyle barbirostris Thunberg, reticulata, Carica papaya Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
1797, Cordyle palmarum (Linnaeus) (pepaya, papaya), Citrus Ecuador, El Salvador,
1797, Curculio palmarum Linnaeus, spp.(jeruk, orange), Cocos Guyana France,
1758, Rhynchophorus barbirostris nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Grenada, Guadeloupe,
(Thunberg), Rhynchophorus cycadis Elaeis guineensis (kelapa Guatemala, Guyana,
Erichson, 1847, Rhynchophorus sawit, oil palm), Mangifera Honduras, Martinique,
depressus Chevrolet, 1880, indica (mangga, mango), Musa Mexico, Nicaragua,
Rhynchophorus languinosus spp. (pisang, banana), Persea Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Chevrolet, 1880) americana (avokad, avocado), Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia,
- 191 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); Psidium guajava (jambu biji, Saint Vincent and the
boring weevil guava), Phoenix dactylifera Grenadines, Suriname,
(kurma, dates-palm), Phoenix Trinidad and Tobago,
canariensis, Saccharum Uruguay, USA, Venezuela
Theobroma cacao(kakao,
cocoa)
202. Rhynchophorus phoenicis (Fabricius, II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
1801); coconut), Elaeis guineensis (stems), daun Cameroon, DR Congo,
(Syn. Rhynchophorus niger Faust, (kelapa sawit, oil palm), (leaves), titik Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory
1899 (var. of phoenicis), Phoenix spp. tumbuh Coast, Kenya,
Rhynchophorus phoenicis, (growing Mozambique, Nigeria,
Rhynchophorus ruber Faust, 1899 point) Senegal, Sierra Leone,
(var. of phoenicis)) Somalia, South Africa,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); Tanzania, Uganda
African palm weevil, boring weevil
203. Sacadodes pyralis Dyar, 1912; II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, buah (fruits America: Colombia, Costa
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); lady’s finger), Cienfuegosia (in. Pods)), Rica, El Salvador,
Colombian pink bollworm, pink affinis, Hibiscus sabdariffa batang Guyana, Nicaragua,
cotton boll worm, Thurberia (rosela, roselle), Gossypium (stems (above Panama, Paraguay,
bollworm, Trinidad bollworm, South barbadens (kapas, cotton) ground), Trinidad and Tobago,
American red bollworm, sugarcane shoots, Venezuela
stalk borer, South American trunks,
bollworm branches),
- 192 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
daun (leaves),
bunga
(flowers,
inflorescence
s, cones,
calyx), biji
(true seed
(inc. grain),
tanah (soil)
204. Saccharosydne saccharivora II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang America: Antigua and
(Westwood); sugarcane) (stems), daun Barbuda, Bahamas,
(Syn. Delphax saccharivora Westw., (leaves), Barbados, Cuba,
Saccharosdyne saccharivora, bunga Dominica, Grenada,
Stenocranoides viridis, Stenocranus (flowers, Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
saccharivorus Westw.); inflorescence Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
(Hemiptera: Delphacidae); s, cones, Martinique, Puerto Rico,
West indian cane fly, West Indian calyx) Saint Lucia, Saint
sugarcane leafhopper Vincent and Grenadines,
USA, Venezuela
205. Sahlbergella singularis Haglund; II Bombax buonopozense (silk- batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Sahlbergella theobroma Dist.); cotton tree), Ceiba pentandra (stems (above Cameroon, Central
(Heteroptera: Miridae); (kapuk randu, kapok), Cola ground), African Republic, DR
mirids, brown capsid, cocoa mirids, spp. (kola), Cola nitida(bitter shoots, Congo, Congo, Equatorial
- 193 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cocoa capsid, cocoa capsidstem cola), Gossypium barbadens trunks, Guinea, Ghana, Ivory
sapper (kapas, cotton), Theobroma branches), Coast, Madagascar,
spp., Theobroma bicolor daun (leaves), Nigeria, Sao Tome and
(nicaraguan cocoa), buah (fruits Principe, Sierra Leone,
Theobroma cacao (kakao, (inc. pods) Togo, Uganda
cocoa), Theobroma
grandiflorum (cupuassu)
206. Scolytus rugulosus (Muller); II Malus domestica (apel, apple), batang Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Eccoptogaster mediterraneus Prunus cerrasus (kersen, (stems, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Egg., Eccoptogaster rugulosus Ratz., cherry), Prunus persica trunks, America: Argentina,
Ruguloscolytus mediterraneus (Egg.), (persik, peach), Pyrus shoots, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Ruguloscolytus rugulosus (Ratz.), communis (pir, pear), Prunus branches), Peru, Uruguay, USA,
Scolytus mediterraneus (Eggers)); domestica (prem, plum), other daun (leaves), Asia: Afghanistan,
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae); stone fruit (buah batu buah (fruits) Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
shoot hole borer, apple tree beetle, lainnya) Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi
fruit tree bark beetle, shot-hole borer Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
Turkmenistan
Europe: Albania, Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
- 194 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Hungary, Italy, Malta,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovenia,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
207. Sesamia calamistis Hampson, 1910; II Carex (sedges), Cyperus batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Sesamia mediastriga, Sesamia papyrus, cerealia, Oryza (stems), daun Burkina Faso, Burundi,
vuteria); sativa (padi, paddy, rice), (leaves) Cameroon, Comoros, DR
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Poaceae (grasses), Pennisetum Congo, Congo, Eritrea,
African pink stem borer, African pink glaucum (pearl millet), Ethiopia, Gambia,
borer of sugarcane, Mauritius pink Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Ghana, Ivory Coast,
borer of sugarcane, pink stalk borer sorghum), Saccharum Kenya, Madagascar,
of sugarcane, southern pink borer of officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Malawi, Mali, Mauritius,
sugarcane Triticum aestivum (gandum, Mozambique, Niger,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Nigeria, Rwanda,
corn, maize) Reunion, Senegal, Sierra
Leone, South Africa,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia,
- 195 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Zimbabwe
208. Sesamia cretica Lederer; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang Africa: Algeria,
(Syn Sesamia cretica rufescens rice), Panicum miliaceum (stems), daun Cameroon, Chad, Egypt,
Schawerda, Sesamia cyrnaea Mabille, (millet), Poaceae (grasses), (leaves) Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Sesamia griselda Warren, Sesamia Pennisetum glaucum (pearl Lesotho, Libya, Mali,
pecki Tams, Sesamia uniformis millet), Saccharum officinarum Morocco, Niger, Nigeria,
Dudgeon, Sesamia vuteria vuterioides (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum Somalia, Sudan, Togo,
Strand); bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Tunisia
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); Triticum aestivum (gandum, Asia: China, India, Iran,
corn stem borer, greater sugarcane wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
borer, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, corn, maize) Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
sorghum) stem borer, stem corn Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
borer, durra stem borer, corn pink Sri Lanka, Syria,
borer, large corn borer, pink Tajikistan, Thailand,
sugarcane borer, sugarcane pink Turkey, Uzbekistan,
borer, sorghum borer Yemen
Europe: Albania,
Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia,
France, Greece, Italy,
Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Portugal,
Russia, Slovenia, Spain,
- 196 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Serbia
209. Sirex noctilio Fabricius; II Pinus banksiana (jack pine), batang Africa: Canary Islands,
(Hymenoptera: Siricidae); Pinus canariensis (Canary (stems (above South Africa
woodwasp, steel blue, horntail, pine), Pinus contorta (lodgepole ground), America: Canada, USA,
european woodwasp, sirex wasp, pine), Pinus densiflora shoots, Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
wood wasp, steel-blue (Japanese umbrella pine), trunks, Uruguay
Pinus echinata (shortleaves branches), Asia: Georgia, Mongolia
pine), Pinus elliottii (slash kayu (woods) Europe: Austria,
pine), Pinus halepensis Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
(Aleppo pine), Pinus jeffreyi Republic and Slovakia,
(Jeffrey pine), Pinus nigra Denmark, Estonia,
(black pine), Pinus palustris Finland, France,
(longleaves pine), Pinus patula Germany, Greece,
(Mexican weeping pine), Pinus Hungary, Italy,
pinaster (maritime pine), Pinus Montenegro, Norway,
pinea (stone pine), Pinus Poland, Portugal,
ponderosa (ponderosa pine), Romania, Russian
Pinus radiata (radiata pine), Federation, Serbia,
Pinus taeda (loblolly pine), Spain, United Kingdom
Abies (firs), Abies alba (silver Oceania: Australia, New
fir), Larix (larches), Picea Zealand
(spruces), Picea abies
(common spruce), Pinus
- 197 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
sylvestris (Scots pine),
Pseudotsuga (douglas-fir)
210. Sitophilus granarius Linnaeus, 1785; II Arachys hypogaea (kacang biji (true seed Africa: Algeria,
(Syn. Calandra granaria, Calendra tanah, peanut), Avena sativa (inc. grain)) Cameroon, Egypt,
granaria, Curculio granarius); (oat, oats), Cicer arietinum Morocco, South Africa,
(Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae); (kacang arab, chickpea), Swaziland
grain weevil, maize weevil, granary Helianthus annuus (bunga America: Argentina,
weevil matahari, sunflower), Canada, Chile, Mexico,
Hordeum vulgare (barli, USA
barley), stored products (dried Asia: Afghanistan, India,
stored products), Oryza sativa Iran, Iraq, Israel,
(padi, paddy, rice), Panicum Kazakhstan, Malaysia,
spp. (milets), Pennisetum spp. Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
(feather grass), Secale cereale Syria, Thailand, Turkey,
(rye), Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Yemen
sorghum), Triticum aestivum Europe: Austria,
(gandum, wheat), Triticale Belgium, Bosnia and
spp., Vicia faba (faba or broad Herzegovina, Croatia,
bean), Zea mays (jagung, Czech Republic,
corn, maize) Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece,
Lithuania, Poland,
Romania, Russian
- 198 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Federation, Serbia,
Oceania: Australia
211. Sophronica ventralis Aurivillius, 1925; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) batang Africa: Kenya, Uganda
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae); (stems), daun America: Argentina,
berry borer (leaves), biji Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
(true seeds Chile, Dominican
(inc. grain), Republic, Ecuador,
buah (fruits) French Guiana,
Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay
Venezuela
212. Stenoma decora Zeller; II Ceiba pentandra (kapuk daun (leaves), America: Brazil
(Syn. Acryptorhynchus mangiferae, randu, kapok), Theobroma buah (fruits
Cryptorhynchus mangiferae, Curculio cacao (kakao, cocoa) (inc. pods)
mangiferae, Sternochetus ineffectus);
(=Cryptolechia decora Zeller);
(Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae);
cacao fruit and shoot borer, shoot
and pod borer
213. Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius, II Mangifera foetida (bacang, batang Africa: Central African
1775); bachang), Mangifera indica (stems (above Republic, Gabon, Ghana,
(Syn. Acryptorhynchus mangiferae (mangga, mango) ground), Guinea, Kenya, Liberia,
(Fabricius), Cryptorhynchus shoots, Madagascar, Malawi,
- 199 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
mangiferae (Fabricius), Curculio trunks, Mauritius, Mozambique,
mangiferae, Sternochetus ineffectus branches), Reunion, Seychelles,
(Walker)) bibit South Africa, Tanzania,
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae); (seedlings, Uganda, Zambia
mango seed weevil micropropaga America: Barbados,
ted plants), British Virgin Islands,
biji (true Chile, Dominica, French
seeds (inc. Guiana, Grenada,
grain), buah Guadaloupe, Martinique,
(fruits (inc. Montserrat, Saint Lucia,
pods), kulit Saint Vincent and The
kayu (bark), Grenadines, Trinidad and
media tanam Tobago, United States
(growing Virgin Islands, USA
media Asia: Bangladesh, British
associated Indian Ocean territory,
with plants) India, Myanmar, Nepal,
Oman, Sri Lanka, Yemen
Oceania: Australia,
French Polynesia, Guam,
New Caledonia, Northern
Mariana Islands, Tonga,
Wallis and Futuna
Islands
- 200 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
214. Stromatium barbatum (Fabricius); II Citrus, Eucalyptus, Oak, batang Africa: Madagascar,
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); Pines (stems, Mauritius, Tanzania
drywood longicorn beetle shoots, Asia: India, , Myanmar,
trunks, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
branches), Lanka,
kayu (woods)
215. Tagosodes cubanus D.L. Crawford; II Cicer aeritinum, Cocos nucifera batang Africa: Ivory Coast
(Syn. Chloriona cubana, Dicranotropis (kelapa, coconut), Lens (stems, America: Colombia,
cubanus, Sogata cubana D.L. esculenta (lentils), Glycine max trunks, Cuba, Guyana, Mexico,
Crawford, Sogatella cubana, (kedelai, soyabean), Oryza shoots, Puerto Rico, Suriname,
Sogatodes cubanus D.L. Crawford); sativa (padi, paddy, rice), branches), Trinidad and Tobago,
(Hemiptera: Delphacidae); Vigna spp. (buncis, cowpea), pelepah USA, Venezuela
paddy plant hopper Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, (midrib),
mungbean) daun (leaves)
216. Tagosodes orizicolus Muir; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang America: Argentina,
(Syn. Chloriona orizicola, Sogata rice) (stems), daun Belize, Brazil, Colombia,
brazilensis Muir, Sogata orizicola (leaves), Costa Rica, Cuba,
Muir, Sogatodes brazilensis (Muir), pelepah Dominican Republic, El
Sogatodes orizicola (Muir), Sogatodes (midrib) Salvador, Guatemala,
orizicolus, Sogatodes orizicolus Muir, Guyana, Mexico,
Sogatodes oryzicola (Muir), Tagosodes Nicaragua, Panama,
brazilensis); Peru, Puerto Rico,
(Hemiptera: Delphacidae); Suriname, Trinidad and
rice delphacid, rice leaveshopper Tobago, USA, Venezuela
- 201 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
217. Thaumatotibia leucotreta Meyrick; II Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, buah (fruits), Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Cryptohlebia leucotreta Meyrick, lady’s finger), Abutilon bunga Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Cryptophlebia roerigii Zacher, hybridum, Ananas comosus (flowers, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Olethreutes leucotreta Meyrick, (nanas, pineapple), Annona inflorescence Central Africa, Chad, DR
Thaumatotibia roerigii Zacher); muricata (sirsak, soursop), s, cones, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae); Averrhoa carambola calyx) Gambia, Ghana, Ivory
false codling moth, Citrus codling (belimbing, carambola, star- Coast, Kenya,
moth, orange codling moth fruit), Camellia sinensis (teh, Madagascar, Malawi,
tea), Capsicum annuum (cabai Mali, Mauritius,
besar, paprika, bell-pepper), Mozambique, Niger,
Ceiba pentandra (kapuk Nigeria, Reunion,
randu, kapok), Citrus spp. Rwanda, Saint Helena,
(jeruk, orange), Coffea spp. Senegal, Sierra Leone,
(kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica Somalia, South Africa,
(kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Sudan, Swaziland,
Dimocarpus litchii (leci, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
lychee), Gossypium (kapas, Zambia, Zimbabwe
cotton), Litchi chinensis (leci, Asia: Israel
lichi), Macadamia ternifolia,
mango), Olea europea subsp.
Europea (zaitum, olive), Persea
- 202 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
guava), Punica granatum
(delima, pomegranate),
sorghum), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
218. Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker; II Carica papaya (pepaya, buah (fruits), America: Bahamas,
(Syn. Mikimyia furcifera Bigot, papaya) media tanam Belize, Colombia, Costa
Toxotrypana fairbatesi Munro); (growing Rica, Cuba, Dominican
(Diptera: Tephritidae), media Republic, El Salvador,
papaya fruit fly associated Guatemala, Haiti,
with plant), Honduras, Mexico,
tanah (soil) Netherlands Antilles,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Virgin
Islands, Venezuela.
219. Trichispa sericea (Guerin-Meneville); II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang Africa: Angola, Burundi,
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); rice) (stems), daun Cameroon, Congo,
rice hispids (leaves) Ethiopia, Kenya,
Madagascar, Mali,
Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, South Africa,
- 203 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Togo, Uganda
Europe: Spain
220. Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898; II Arachys hypogaea (kacang biji (true seed Africa: Algeria, Burkina
(Syn. Trogoderma affrum Priesner, tanah, peanut), Cicer (inc. grain)), Faso, Egypt, Libya, Mali,
1951, Trogoderma khapra Arrow, arietinum (kacang arab, karung Mauritania, Morocco,
1917, Trogoderma koningsbergeri, chickpea), Gossypium goni/alat Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
1933, Trogoderma granarium ssp. hirsutum (kapas, cotton), pembungkus Somalia, Sudan,
afrum Attia and Kamel, 1965); Helianthus annuus (bunga bekas Tanzania, Tunisia,
(Coleoptera: Dermestidae); matahari, sunflower), komoditi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
kumbang kaphra/khapra beetle Hordeum vulgare(barli, makanan Asia: Afghanistan,
barley), Oryza sativa (padi, ternak Bangladesh, Georgia,
paddy, rice), Panicum India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
miliaceum (millet), Pennisetum Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
glaucum (pearl millet), Lebanon, Myanmar,
Sesamum indicum (wijen, Pakistan, Republic of
sesame), Sorghum bicolor Korea (South Korea),
(sorgum, sorghum), stored Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
products (dried stored Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey,
products), Triticum aestivum Turkmenistan,
(gandum, wheat), Vicia faba Uzbekistan, Yemen.
(faba bean), Vigna unguiculata Europe: Armenia,
(cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
corn, maize) dan serealia Cyprus, Estonia,
- 204 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
lainnya Lithuania, Latvia,
Moldova, Spain,
221. Tryphocaria mastersi Pascoe; II Acacia spp. batang Oceania: Australia
Eucalypt ring barber trunks,
shoots,
branches),
kayu (woods),
kulit kayu
(bark)
222. Undulambia polystichalis (Capps, II Leather Leaves Fern, Rumohra rimpang America: USA
1965); adiantiformis, Polypodium (rhizomes)
(Lepidoptera: Crambidae); scouleri, Pyrrosia eleagnifolia
Leatherleaves fern borer moth
223. Xestobium rufovillosum (De Geer, II Quercus (oak), Castanea batang America: Canada,
1744); (chestnut), other hardwood (stems, Mexico, USA
(Coleoptera: Anobiidae); trunks, Europe: Albania,
death watch beetle shoots, Andorra, Armenia,
branches), Austria, Azerbaijan,
kayu (woods) Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
- 205 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
Malta, Moldova, Monaco,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom Oceania:
Australia
224. Xyleborus affinis Eichoff; II Juglans nigra (black walnut), batang America: Brazil, Cuba,
(Syn. Xyleborus mascarensis Macadamia integrifolia (stems, Jamaica, Mexico, USA
Eichhoff, Xyleborus sacchari (macadamia nut), Pinus trunks, Europe: Italy
Hopkins); (pines), Saccharum officinarum shoots,
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae); (tebu, sugarcane) branches),
shot-hole borer of sugarcane, kayu (woods),
- 206 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
ambrosia beetle of oak kulit kayu
(bark)
225. Xyleborus ferrugineus Fabricius; II Dioscorea spp. (gembili, yam), batang Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Syn. Xyleborus confusus Eichhoff, Euterpe edulis (assai palm), (stems, Botswana, Burundi,
Xyleborus fuscatus Eichhorn); Persea americana (avokad, trunks, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae); avocado), Pinus elliottii (slash shoots, DR Congo, Equatorial
black twig borer, bark beetle pine), Pinus taeda (loblolly branches), Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
pine) kayu (woods), Ghana, Guinea, Ivory
kulit kayu Coast, Kenya, Liberia,
(bark) Madagascar, Mali,
Nigeria, Reunion,
Rwanda, Sao Tome and
Principe, Senegal, Sierra
Leon, Somalia, South
Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.
America: Argentina,
Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,
Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, French Guiana,
- 207 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Guyana,
Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Puerto
Rico, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines,
Tobago, Uruguay, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: Malaysia, Republic
of Korea (South Korea)
Oceania: American
Samoa, Fiji, Federated
States of Micronesia,
French Polynesia,
Kiribati, Northern
Mariana Island, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa,
Solomon Islands
226. Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg); II Eucalyptus spp. bibit Africa: Algeria,
(Syn. Botrichus saxesenii Ratzeburg, tanaman Cameroon, Egypt,
Tomicus decolor Boieldieu, Tomicus (seedlings), Morocco, South Africa,
dohrni Wollaston, Xyleborinus batang Spain, Tunisia
- 208 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
librocedri Swaine, Xyleborinus tsugae (trunks, America: Argentina,
Sawine, Xyleborus aesculi Ferrari, shoots, Bermuda, Brazil,
Xyleborus angustatus Eichhoff, branches), Canada, Chile, Ecuador,
Xyleborus arbuti Hopkins, Xyleborus kayu (woods), Mexico, Paraguay, USA
floridensis Hopkins, Xyleborus kulit kayu Asia: China, DPR Korea
frigidus Blackburn, Xyleborus (bark), buah (North Korea), India, Iran,
paraguayensis Schedl, Xyleborus (fruits) Israel, Japan, Mongolia,
pecanus Hopkins, Xyleborus Philippines, Republic of
peregrinus Eggers, Xyleborus Korea (South Korea),
pseudoangustatus Schedl, Xyleborus Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan,
pseudogracilis schedl, Xyleborus Turkey, Vietnam
quercus Hopkins, Xyleborus retrusus Europe: Albania,
Schedl, Xyleborus saxesenii Armenia, Austria,
(Ratzeburg), Xyleborus sobrinus Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Eichnoff, Xyleborus subdepressus Belgium, Bosnia and
Rey, Xyleborus subspinosus Eggers); Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
(Coleoptera: Scolytidae); Croatia, Czech Republic,
fruit tree pinhole borer Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy,
Luxemburg, Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
- 209 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
United Kingdom
Zealand, Papua New
Guinea
227. Zonocerus elegans (Thunberg); II Allium ascalonicum (bawang seluruh Africa: Angola, Botswana,
(Syn. Acrydium sanguinolentum De merah, shallot), Allium cepa bagian Congo, DR Congo,
Geer, 1773, Gryllus elegans (bawang bombay, onion), tanaman Lesotho, Madagascar,
Thunberg, 1815, Poekilocerus Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, (whole plant), Malawi, Mozambique,
roseipennis Serville, 1831); spinach), Amaranthus (grain tanah (soil) Namibia, Rwanda, South
(Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae); amaranth), Ananas comosus Africa, Swaziland,
elegants grasshopper (nanas, pineapple), Tanzania, Uganda,
Anacardium occidentale(jambu Zambia, Zimbabwe
mete, cashew-nut),
Brassicaceae (cruciferous
crops), Citrus spp. (jeruk,
orange), Citrus aurantiifolia
(jeruk nipis, lime), Citrus limon
(lemon, lemon), Citrus
reticulata (mandarin,
mandarin), Citrus sinensis
- 210 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(navel orange), Coffea spp.
(kopi, coffee), Colocasia
esculenta (talas, taro),
Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits),
Chromolaena odorata (siam
weed), Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili,
yam), Ipomoea batatas (ubi
jalar, sweet potato), Musa spp.
(pisang, banana), Plumeria
spp. (frangipani), Manihot
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava),
tobacco), Solanaceae,
matahari,sunflower), Persea
americana (avokad, avocado)
228. Zonocerus variegatus (Linnaeus, II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, seluruh Africa: Angola, Benin,
1758); onion), Allium ascalonicum bagian Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
(Syn. Acrydium sanguinolentum, (bawang merah, shallot), tanaman Central African Republic,
Gryllus (Locusta) variegatus, Gryllus Amaranthus (grain amaranth), (whole plant), Chad, Congo, DR Congo,
laevis, Gryllus opacus); Amaranthus hybridus (bayam, tanah (soil) Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
(Orthoptera: Acrididae); spinach), Anacardium Guinea-Bissau, Guinea,
variegated grasshopper occidentale (jambu mete, Ivory Coast, Kenya,
- 211 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cashewnut), Ananas comosus Liberia, Malawi, Mali,
(nanas, pineapple), Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Brassicaceae (cruciferous Senegal, Sierra Leone,
crops), Cannabis sativa Togo
(hemp), Capsicum annuum
(cabai, paprika, hot pepper,
chilies, red pepper), Citrus
spp. (jeruk, orange), Citrus
aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis,
lime), Citrus limon (lemon,
lemon), Citrus reticulata
(mandarin, mandarin), Citrus
sinensis (navel orange), Coffea
spp. (kopi, coffee), Colocasia
esculenta (talas, taro),
Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits),
Chromolaena odorata(siam
weed), Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Dioscorea sp. (gembili,
yam), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oil palm),
cotton), Helianthus annuus
(bunga matahari, sunflower),
- 212 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
sweet potato), Mangifera
indica (mangga, mango), Musa
spp. (pisang, banana),
Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu,
cassava), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Persea
Poaceae, Piper, Plumeria
(frangipani) Solanaceae,
Tectona grandis (jati,
teakwood)
229. Zygogramma exclamationis (Fabricius, II Helianthus annuus (bunga batang America: Canada, USA
1798); matahari, sunflower) (stems,
(Syn. Calligrapha exclamationis, shoots,
Chrysomela exclamationis, Zygospila branches),
exclamationis); daun (leaves),
(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); tanah (soil),
sunflower beetle bunga
(flowers,
inflorescence
s,cones,
calyx)
- 213 -
2. TUNGAU (MITES)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Aceria cajani Channabasavanna, II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, daun (leaves) Asia: Bangladesh, China,
1966; pigeon pea), Cajanus India, Myanmar, Nepal,
(Acari: Eriophyidae); cajanifolius, Cajanus Sri Lanka, Thailand
pigeonpea mite platycarpus, Cajanus
scarabaeoides (kacang gude,
peanut grass), Cajanus
sericeus
2. Aceria ficus (Cotte); II Ficus carica (ara, fig) daun (leaves) Asia: India, Japan
(Syn. Aceria fici, Eriophyes fici, E. Africa: Algeria, Angola,
ficus); vektor Benin, Botswana,
(Acari: Eriophyidae); Fig mosaic Burkina Faso, Burundi,
fig blister mite, fig mite, fig rust mite virus (FMV) Cape Verde, Cameroon,
Central African Republic,
Chad, Comoros, Congo,
DR Congo, Djibouti,
Egypt, Equatorial
Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
- 214 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco,
South Africa, South
Sudan, Sudan,
Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Canada,
Mexico, USA Europe:
Albania, Andorra,
Armenia, Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
- 215 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Montenegro, Netherlands,
North Macedonia,
Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
3. Aceria guerreronis Keifer; II Borassus flabellifer (lontar, buah (fruits), Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
(Syn. Eriophyes guerreronis Keifer); toddy palm), Cocos nucifera kelopak buah Ivory Coast, Gambia,
(Acari: Eriophyidae); (kelapa, coconut), Lytocaryum Mozambique, Nigeria, Sao
coconut mite weddellianum, Sygarus Tome and Principe,
romanzoffiana (queen palm) Tanzania, Togo
America: Anguilla,
Bahamas, Belize, Brazil,
Cuba, Dominica,
Haiti, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
- 216 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia,
Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Venezuela
Asia: India, Malaysia,
Maldives, Oman,
Philippines, Sri Lanka
Europe: Hungary, Poland
Oceania: Australia
4. Aculops lycopersici (Tryon, 1917); II Capsicum annuum (cabai buah (fruits), Africa: Angola, Egypt,
(Syn. Aceria lycopersici, Aculops besar, paprika, bell-pepper), daun (leaves), Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
destructor, Aculops lycopersicae, Browallia americana, tanaman Mauritius, Morocco,
Aculus destructor (Keifer, 1940), Convolvulus, Datura spp., (whole plant) Mozambique, Senegal,
Aculus lycopersici (Tryon, 1917), Petunia hybrida, Physalis South Africa, Tunisia,
Eriophyes lycopersici, Phyllocoptes peruviana, Solanum spp., Zambia, Zimbabwe
destructor Keifer, 1940, Phyllocoptes Convolvulus arvensis, America: Antigua and
lycopersici Tryon, 1917, Vasates Physalis minima, Solanum Barbuda, Argentina,
destructor (Keifer, 1940), Vasates lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Bermuda, Brazil,
lycopersici (Tryon, 1917)); Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Canada, Chile Cuba,
(Acari: Eriophyidae); sweet potato), Nicotiana Curaçao, French Guiana,
tomato russet mite, tomato mite tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), El Salvador, Grenada,
Solanum melongena (terung, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
aubergine, eggplant), Mexico, Montserrat,
Solanum tuberosum (kentang, Netherlands Antilles,
- 217 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
potato) Trinidad and Tobago,
Uruguay, USA, Venezuela
Asia: China, Georgia,
Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Lebanon, Republic of
Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Syria, Turkey,
Uzbekistan, Yemen
Europe: Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
Republic, France, Greece,
Italy, Malta, Moldova,
Netherlands, Portugal,
Russia, Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
New Caledonia, New
Zealand, Vanuatu
5. Aculops pelekassi (Keifer); II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) buah (fruits), America: Brazil, USA
(Syn. Aculus pelekassi Keifer); daun (leaves), Asia: Republic of Korea
(Acari: Eriophyidae); tanaman (South Korea), Taiwan,
- 218 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Japanese citrus rust mite, pink citrus (whole plant) Thailand
rust mite Europe: Bosnia and
Italy, Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Serbia,
Slovenia
6. Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa, 1890); II Malus domestica (apel, apple), daun (leaves), Africa: Egypt, South
(Syn. Aculus malivagrans (Keifer, Pyrus communis (pir, pear), bagian Africa
Phyllocoptes schlechtendali Nalepa, Malus sylvestris (crab-apple tanaman di America: Argentina,
Vasates malivagrans Keifer, Vasates tree) atas tanah Brazil, Canada, Chile,
schlechtendali (Nalepa)); USA,
(Acari: Eriophyidae); Asia: China, India,
apple rust mite, apple bud mite, Japan, Lebanon,
apple leaf mite, rusty leaf mite Pakistan, Republic of
Turkey
Europe: Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Croatia, Denmark,
Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, Italy,
North Macedonia,
- 219 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Russia, Serbia, Slovenia,
Swedia, Switzerland,
Ukraina, United Kingdom
Zealand
7. Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten); II Arachis hypogaea (kacang daun (leaves), Africa: Mozambique,
(Syn. Bryobia arborea, Bryobia tanah, groundnut, peanut), kulit kayu South Africa, Zimbabwe
redikorzevi); Gossypium barbadens (kapas, (bark), America: Argentina,
(Acari: Tetranychidae); cotton), Prunus salicina, cabang Brazil, Canada, Chile,
brown apple mite, brown mite; Malus domestica (apel, apple), (branches), Mexico, USA, Uruguay
brown, bryobia mite, pear bryobia Prunus avium (ceri manis, ranting Asia: Afghanistan, China,
mites sweet cherry), Prunus (twigs), Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
domestica (prem, plum), bagian Japan, Kazakhstan,
Prunus dulcis (badam, tanaman di Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
almond), Prunus persica atas tanah Turkey, Uzbekistan
(persik, peach), Prunus spp., Europe: Austria,
Pyrus communis (pir, pear), Azerbaijan, Belgium,
Pyrus javonica, Ulmus sp. Bulgaria, France,
(elm) Germany, Greece,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Netherlands, Poland,
Portugal, Romania,
- 220 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Russian Federation,
Spain, Switzerland,
United Kingdom, Ukraina
Zealand
8. Eotetranychus willamettei (McGregor); II Acernegundo, Amelanchier daun (leaves), America: USA
(Syn. Tetranychus willamettei, sp., Eriogonum jamesi, Malus bagian
Tetranychus willametti); domestica (apel, apple), tanaman di
(Acari: Tetranychidae); Purshia tridentata, Pyrus atas tanah
willamette mite communis (pir, pear), Sorbus
domestica, Ulmu spp.(elm),
grapevine), Quercus garryana,
Quercus lobata
9. Mononychellus tanajoa Bondar: II Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, daun (leaves), Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Syn. Mononychellus caribbeanae, cassava), Passiflora edulis bagian Faso, Burundi,
Mononychus tanajoa Fletchman & (markisa, passion fruit), tanaman di Cameroon, Central
Baker, 1970, Eotetranychus Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, atas tanah African Republic, Chad,
caribbeanae, Eotetranychus common bean), Solanum Congo, DR
caribbeanus, Tetranychus tanajoa lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), CongoEquatorial Guinea,
Bondar); Vigna sinensis (kacang Gabon, Guinea, Ivory
(Acari: Tetranychidae); panjang, cowpea), Zea mays Coast, Kenya, Liberia,
cassava mite, cassava green mite (jagung, corn, maize) Malawi, Mali,
Mozambique, Niger,
- 221 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra
Leone, Sudan, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe
Barbuda, Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, Falklands,
Guyana, Mexico,
Paraguay, Puerto Rico,
USA, Venezuela
10. Oligonychus peruvianus (McGregor): II Ceratonia siliqua, Citrus daun (leaves), America: Brazil,
(Syn. Oligonychus (Homonychus) aurantium, Coffea arabica bagian Colombia, Ecuador,
peruvianus (McGregor), (kopi, coffee), Daucus carota tanaman di Guatemala, Mexico, Peru,
Paratetranychus peruvianus (wortel, carrot), Gossypium, atas tanah Trinidad and Tobago,
(McGregor), Paratetranychus trinitatis, Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, Venezuela
Tetranychus peruvianus McGregor, cassava), Oxalis sp., Persea
Tetranychus peruvensis, Tetranychus americana (avokad, avocado),
trinitatis); Trifolium repens (semanggi
(Acari: Tetranychidae); putih, white clover), Vitis,
cassava white spot spider mite
- 222 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
11. Oligonychus yothersi McGregor; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), daun (leaves), America: Chile, Costa
(Acari: Tetranychidae); Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, bagian Rica, Cuba, USA
avocado red mite arabica coffee), Mangifera tanaman di Asia: Iran
indica (mangga, mango), atas tanah
avocado)
12. Panonychus ulmi Koch; II Arachis hypogaea (kacang daun (leaves), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Metatetranychus mali, M. tanah, groundnut), Cedrus bagian Libya, Morocco, South
pilosus (Canestrini & Fanzago), M. (cedars), Citrus, Citrus tanaman di Africa, Tunisia
ulmi Koch, Oligonychus ulmi, deliciosa (jeruk atas tanah America: Argentina,
Paratetranychus pilosus (Canestrini & mediterranean mandarin), Bermuda, Brazil,
Fanzago), Paratetranychus pilosus Citrus reticulata (jeruk Canada, Chile, Costa
occidentalis, P aratetranychus ulmi, mandarin), Coffea (kopi, Rica, USA, Uruguay,
Tetranychus pilosus Canestrini et coffee), Corylus, Gossypium Venezuela
Fanzago, Tetranychus ulmi, (kapas, cotton), Malus Asia: Afghanistan,
Tetranychus mytilaspidis Ewing); domestica (apel, apple), Morus China, Georgia, India,
(Acari: Tetranychidae); alba (murbei, mulberry), Iran, Israel, Japan,
european red spider mite Prunus avium (sweet cherry), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Prunus dulcis (badam, Republic of Korea (South
almond), Pyrus communis Korea), Syria, Taiwan,
(pir, pear), Prunus persica Tajikistan, Turkey,
(persik, peach), Prunus Uzbekistan
domestica (prem, plum), Europe: Albania,
Prunus cerasus (kersen, sour Armenia, Austria,
- 223 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cherry), Vitis vinifera (anggur, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
grapevine) Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
North Macedonia,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
United Kingdom, Ukraine
Zealand
13. Penthaleus major Dugès, 1834; II Avena sativa (oat, oats), daun (leaves), Africa: South Africa
(Syn. Notophallus bicolor Froggat, Avena strigosa (black oat), titik tumbuh America: Argentina,
1921, N. dorsalis Banks, 1902, N. Bouteloua gracilis (blue (growing Brazil, Canada, Mexico,
haemotopus Canestrini, 1886, N. grama), Bromus secalinus (rye point), bagian USA
insulanus Tragardh, 1900, Penthaleus brome), Hordeum vulgare tanaman di Asia: China, Japan
- 224 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
bicolor Womersley, 1933, Penthaleus (barli, barley), Lathyrus, atas tanah, Europe: France,
erythropus Koch, 1838, P. insulanus Lolium, Lolium multiforum titik tumbuh Germany, Iceland, Italy,
Thorell, 1872, Rhyncholophus major (italian ryegrass), Poaceae Netherlands, Norway,
Murray, 1877, Tetranychus borealis (grassess), Secale cereale Portugal, Russian
Koch, 1879, Tetranychus major (rye), Triticum aestivum Federation, Spain, United
Dugès, 1834); (gandum, wheat) Kingdom
(Acari: Penthaleidae); Oceania: Australia, New
blue oat mite, winter grain mite Zealand
14. Petrobia latens (O.F. Müller 1776); II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, daun (leaves), Africa: Egypt, South
(Syn. Acarus latens Müller, Acarus onion), Allium sativum bunga Africa
petarum Fourcroy, 1785, Acarus (bawang putih, garlic), Avena (inflorescence America: Canada, USA
praegnans Schrank, 178, sterilis (winter wild coat), s), bagian Asia: China, India,
Paratetranychus longipes Banks, Clover, Coriandrum sativum tanaman di Republic of Korea (South
1912, Petrobia cepae Sayed, 1946, (ketumbar, corriander), atas tanah Korea)
Petrobia lapidum Oudemans, 1915, Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Europe: Austria,
Petrobia tritici Ewing, 1921, Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Denmark, France,
Tetranobia decepta Banks, 1917, cucumber), Cuminum Germany, Italy,
Tetranychia tritici Ewing, 1921, cyminum (jintan, cumin), Netherlands, Poland,
Tetranychopsis paupera Berlese, Daucus carota (wortel, Spain, United Kingdom
1910, Tetranychopsis simplex carrot), Echinochloa crus-galli Oceania: Australia
Tragardh, 1904, Tetranychus (barnyard grass), Fragaria
anauniensis Canistrini, 1889, ananassa (stroberi,
Tetranychus longipes Banks, 1912, strawberry), Gladiolus hybrids
Trombidium lapidum Hammer, 1804); (gladiol, sword lily),
- 225 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Acari: Tetranychidae); Gossypium barbadens (kapas,
brown wheat mite cotton), Iris, Lactuca satuva
(selada, lettuce), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley), Malus
lucerne), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy, rice), Setaria viridis
(green foxtail), Sorghum
wheat)
15. Phyllocoptes vitis Nalepa; II Vitis vinifera (anggur, daun (leaves) Africa: South Africa
(Syn. Phyllocoptes viticolus); grapevine) Asia: India
(Acari: Eriophyidae); Europe: Austria, Czech
grapevine rust mite, acarinosis of Republic, Slovakia,
vine, vine rust mite Germany, Hungary, Italy,
Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia
Zealand
16. Phytonemus pallidus (Banks); II Achyranthes (chaff flower), daun (leaves), Africa: South Africa
(Syn. Steneotarsonemus fragariae Ageratum, Alchemilla (Lady's bagian America: Brazil, Canada,
(Zimmerman), S. pallidus (Banks), mantle), Amaranthus tanaman di Colombia, Costa Rica,
- 226 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Tarsonemus destructor (Reuter, 1906), retroflexus (redroot pigweed), atas tanah Mexico, Peru, USA,
Tarsonemus fragariae Zimmerman, Ambrosia artemisiifolia Venezuela
1905, Tarsonemus pallidus Banks, (common ragweed), Asia: Japan, Philippines,
1899); Antirrhinum majus Republic of Korea (South
(Acari: Tarsonemidae); (snapdragon), Aphelandra Korea), Taiwan, Turkey
strawberry mite, cyclamen mite (Zebra plant), Aralia, Aster, Europe: Austria,
Begonia, Begonia cucullata Belgium, Bulgaria,
var. hookeri (Perpetual Denmark, Finland,
begonia), Capsicum annuum France, Germany,
(cabai besar, paprika, bell Greece, Hungary, Italy,
pepper), Chrysanthemum, Lithuania, Netherlands,
Chrysanthemum frutescens, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Cissus, Consolida ambigua, Romania, Russian
Cyclamen persicum Federation, Sweden,
(cyclamens), Cissus (grape), Switzerland, United
Dahlia, Dianthus (anyelir, Kingdom, Ukraine
carnation), Echeveria, Oceania: Australia
Exacum affine, Fragaria
(strawberry), Fatshedera (Ivy
tree), Fuchsia, Galinsoga
parviflora (gallant soldier),
Geranium (cranesbill),
Gerbera jamesonii (African
daisy), Hedera helix (ivy),
- 227 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Hoya, Impatiens walleriana
(pacar air, balsam), Iresine
(blood-leaf), Jasminum
sambac (arabian jasmine),
Kalanchoe, Lantana camara
(lantana), Lathyrus odoratus
(sweet pea), Lobelia erinus
(dwarf blue lobelia), Myosotis
(forget-me-nots), Nasturtium
officinale (watercress),
Nertera, Oxalis (wood sorrels),
Parthenocissus tricuspidata
(Boston ivy), Pelargonium
(pelargonium), Pelargonium
peltatum hybrids (ivy-leaved
pelargonium), Petunia,
Petunia hybrida, Pilea,
Plantago (plaintain), Portulaca
oleracea var. sativa,
Rhododendron simsii, Rubus
(blackberry, raspberry),
Rumex acetosella (field sorrel),
Saintpaulia ionantha (African
violet), Saxifraga (saxifrage),
- 228 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Sinningia speciosa (gloxinia),
Urtica dioica (stinging nettle),
Verbena (vervain), Veronica
peregrina (Wandering
speedwell)
17. Retracrus elaeis Keifer; II Bactris gasipaes, daun (leaves), America: Brazil, Costa
(Acari: Phytoptidae); Chamaedorea costaricana, biji (seeds) Rica, Colombia, Central
oil palm mite Cocos nucifera (kelapa, America
coconut), Elaeis guineensis
(kelapa sawit, oil palm)
18. Rhizoglyphus echinopus Fumouze & II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, seluruh Africa: Algeria, Egypt
Robin; onion), Allium sativum bagian America: Argentina,
(Syn. Coepophagus echinopus, (bawang putih, garlic), Allium tanaman Canada, USA
Rhizoglyphus hyacinthi, Rhizoglyphus bakeri, Allium cepa var. (whole plant) Asia: Georgia, India,
spinitarsus, Tyroglyphus echincopus); bulbiferum, Amaryllis sp., Iran, Irak, Japan, Korea,
(Acari: Acaridae); Capsicum sp., Curcuma Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
bulb mite domestica, Freesia sp., Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Gladiolus sp., Hyacinthus sp., Turkmenistan,
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Uzbekistan
sweet potato), Iris, Lachenalia Europe: Armenia,
pendula (on roots), Lilum sp., Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Lolium longiflorum, Narcissus France, Latvia, Lithuania,
sp., Oryza sativa (padi, Estonia, Hungary,
- 229 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
paddy, rice), Palaeopsylla Moldova, Netherlands,
minor ex Talpa, Palaeopsylla Romania, Russian
minor, Paeonia sp., Panax Federation, Spain,
ginseng (asiatic ginseng), Ukraina, United Kingdom
Pinellia ternate, Sandersonia Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
aurantica, Sinningia New Zealand
(gloxinia), stored wheat,
Solanum sp., Tulipa, Zea
mays (jagung, maize, corn)
19. Steneotarsonemus laticeps (Halbert); II Cyrtanthus spp. (fire lily), seluruh Europe: Netherlands,
(Syn. Tarsonemus approximatus, Eucharis spp. (Amazon lily, bagian Poland, Slovakia, United
Tarsonemus approximatus narcissi, eucharist lily), Hippeastrum tanaman Kingdom
Tarsonemus hydrocephalus, spp. (amarilis, amaryllis),
Tarsonemus laticeps); Narcissus (daffodil), Sprekelia
(Acari: Tarsonemidae); spp. (Jaco bean lily)
bulb scale mite
20. Tarsonemus myceliophagus Hussey; II Mushroom tubuh jamur America: USA
(Acari: Tarsonemidae) Europe: Germany,
Netherlands, United
Kingdom,
Zealand
21. Tetranychus pacificus McGregor; II Asclepias (Silkweed), Begonia bagian America: Canada,
(Acari: Tetranychidae); cucullata var. hookeri tanaman di Mexico, USA
- 230 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Pacific mite, Pacific spider mite (Perpetual begonia), Capsicum atas tanah Asia: Japan
annuum (cabai besar,
paprika, bell pepper),
Ceanothus (white-thorn),
Chenopodium album (fat hen),
Cotoneaster, Chrysanthemum
(daisy), Chrysanthemum
frutescens (marguerite),
Citrullus lanatus (semangka,
watermelon), Consolida
ambigua (rocket larkspur),
Cucumis melo (melon, melon),
Cyclamen persicum
(cyclamens), Ficus carica (ara,
fig), Fragaria (strawberry),
soyabean), Gossypium
barbadens (kapas, cotton),
Gossypium hirsutum
(Bourbon cotton), Helianthus
sunflower), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Melia
azedarach (Chinaberry),
- 231 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Morning glory, Prunus,
Phaseolus vulgaris (common
bean), Prunus (stone fruit),
plum), Rosa (roses), Rubus
Rhododendron simsii (Sim's
azalea), Ribes (currants),
Robinia pseudoacacia (black
locust), Swietenia
(mahogany), Salvia sp. (sage),
Ulmus sp. (elms), Vicia
(vetch.Begonia), Vitis vinifera
(jagung, maize, corn)
22. Tetranychus schoenei McGregor; II Gossypium barbadens (kapas, bagian America: USA
(Syn. Septanychus schoenei cotton), Malus domestica tanaman di Europe: Albania,
McGregor); (apel, apple), Prunus atas tanah Andorra, Armenia,
(Acari: Tetranychidae); domestica (plum), Pyrus Austria, Azerbaijan,
schoene mite communis (pir, pear), Vitis Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Denmark, Estonia,
- 232 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
North Macedonia,
Romania, Russian
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
23. Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank; II Allium sativum (bawang daun (leaves), Africa: Angola, Egypt,
(Syn. Acarus putrescentiae, putih, garlic), Ananas bunga Kenya, Zimbabwe
Tyroglyphus americanus, Tyroglyphus comosus (nanas, pineapple), (inflorescence America: Barbados,
castellanii, Tyroglyphus lintneri, Arachis hypogaea (kacang s), komoditas Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Tyroglyphus muscae, Tyroglyphus tanah, groundnut), Avena simpan Colombia, Costa Rica,
nadinus, Tyroglyphus putrescentiae, sativa (oat, oat), Cajanus (stored Cuba, Guatemala, Peru,
Tyrophagus brauni, Tyrophagus cajan (pigeon pea), Cocos product), Panama, Mexico, USA,
bulleri, Tyrophagus castellanii, nucifera (kelapa, coconut), jamur Venezuela
Tyrophagus lintneri, Tyrophagus Cucumis sativus (mentimun, (mushrooms), Asia: Bangladesh, China,
- 233 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
longior var. castellanii, Tyrophagus cucumber), Gerbera debu (dust), India, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
noxius); (Barbeton daisy), Glycine max polen Kuwait, Malaysia, Nepal,
(Acari: Acaridae); (kedelai, soyabean). (pollens), Philippines, Republic of
cereal mite, cheese mite, copra itch Hedychium coroniarum (white tanah (soils), Korea (South Korea),
mite, forage mite, mill mite, mold butterfly ginger lily), moss, Singapore, Taiwan,
mite, mould mite Helianthus annuus (bunga kotoran dan Turkey
matahari, sunflower), sarang Europe: Belgium, Bosnia
Hordeum vulgare (barli, berbagai and Herzegovina, Czech
barley), Kalanchoe, Linum hewan Republic, Croatia,
usitatissimum (flax), Musa Denmark, Finland,
(pisang), Nicotiana, Oryza France, Germany,
sativa (padi, rice), Pennisetum Greece, Ireland, Italy,
glaucum (pearl millet), stored Montenegro, Netherlands,
products (bahan simpan North Macedonia, Poland,
kering, dried stored Serbia, Slovakia,
products), Triticum (wheat), Slovenia, Spain, Spain,
Triticum aestivum (gandum, Sweden, Switzerland,
wheat), Viola (violet), Zea United Kingdom
- 234 -
3. KEONG (SNAILS)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Achatina craveni Smith; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), media tanam Africa: Tanzania,
Achatinidae; Sesamum indicum (wijen, (growing Mozambique
giant African snail sesame), tanaman hias media
(perdu) associated
with plants)
tumbuhan
dan/atau
bagian-
bagiannya
(plant and
part of plant)
2. Achatina zanzibarica Bourg; II Agave sisalana (sisal), media tanam Africa: Algeria, Angola,
Achatinidae; Gossypium barbadens (kapas, (growing Benin, Botswana,
giant African snail, cotton), tanaman hias (perdu) media Burkina Faso, Burundi,
giant land snail associated Cape Verde, Cameroon,
with plants) Central African Republic,
tumbuhan Chad, Comoros, Congo,
dan/atau DR Congo, Djibouti,
bagian- Egypt, Equatorial
bagiannya Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
(plant and Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
- 235 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
part of plant) Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco,
South Africa, South
Sudan, Sudan,
Uganda, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
3. Bradybaena fructicum Muller; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tanaman Africa: Algeria, Angola,
Bradybaenidae; celery), Vitis vinifera (anggur, dengan Benin, Botswana,
brush snail, bush snail grapevine), Fabaceae media tanam Burkina Faso, Burundi,
(leguminous plants), tanaman (seedlings Cape Verde, Cameroon,
hias (anggrek, tanaman with growing Central African Republic,
berdaun/puring) (ornamental media), tanah Chad, Comoros, Congo,
plants) (soil) DR Congo, Djibouti,
Egypt, Equatorial
- 236 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco,
South Africa, South
Sudan, Sudan,
Uganda, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Brunei Darussalam,
Cambodia, China,
DPR Korea (North Korea),
- 237 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR
(Laos), Lebanon,
Malaysia, Maldives,
Mongolia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Oman, Pakistan,
Philippines, Qatar,
Republic of Korea (South
Korea), Saudi Arabia,
Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Syria, Tajikistan,
Thailand, Timor-Leste,
Turkey, Turkmenistan,
United Arab Emirates,
Uzbekistan, Vietnam,
Yemen
Europe: Albania,
Andorra, Armenia,
and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
- 238 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
North Macedonia,
Romania, Russian
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
4. Cecilioides acicula Muller; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tanaman Africa: Canary Island,
Ferussaciidae; celery), Asparagus offinalis dengan South Africa
blind snail, blind awl snail (asparagus, asparagus) media tanam America: Argentina,
(seedlings Bermuda, Barbados,
with growing Hawaii, USA
media), tanah Europe: Czech Republic,
(soil) Ireland, Netherlands,
- 239 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Poland, Sweden, Spain,
Slovakia, Ukraine, United
Kingdom
Zealand
5. Discus rotundatus Muller; II Orchidaceae tumbuhan Africa: Algeria
(Syn. Helix rotundatus); dan/atau America: Canada, USA
Discidae; bagian- Asia: Turkey
rotund disc bagiannya Europe: Denmark,
(plant and France, Norway,
part of plant) Southern Scandinavia,
Spain, Ukraine, United
Kingdom
6. Drymaeus dormani Binney; II Citrus spp. media tanam America: Antigua and
Bulimulidae; (growing Barbuda, Argentina,
manatee tree snail media Bahamas, Barbados,
associated Belize, Bolivia,
with plants) Brazil, Canada, Chile,
tumbuhan Colombia, Costa Rica,
dan/atau Cuba, Dominica,
bagian- Dominican Republic,
bagiannya Ecuador, El Salvador,
(plant and Grenada, Guatemala,
part of plant) Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
- 240 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the
USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
7. Helix aspersa Muller; II Actinidia chinensis (kiwi, media tanam Africa: Algeria, Canary
(Syn. Cornu aspersum, Cantareus Chinese gooseberry), Allium (growing Island, Egypt, Gambia,
asperses, Cryptomphalus aspersus); cepa (bawang bombai, onion), media Lesotho, Libya,
Helicidae; Alcea sp., Allium spp. (onion, associated Mauritius, Morocco,
brown garden snail, common snail, garlic, leek, etc), Alnus sp. with plants) Portugal, Reunion, Saint
garden snail (alders), Alyssum sp.(alison), tumbuhan Helena, Seychelles, South
Avena sativa (oat, oats), Beta dan/atau Africa, Tunisia,
vulgaris (bit, beetroot), bagian- Zimbabwe
Brassica sp., Brassica bagiannya America: Argentina,
oleraceae var. capitata (kubis, (plant and Brazil, Canada, Chile,
cabbage), Citrus, Capsicum, part of plant) Colombia, Ecuador,
Calibrachoa sp., Consolida French Guiana, Guyana,
sp., Coriandrum sativum Guadeloupe, Haiti,
(ketumbar, coriander), Dahlia Martinique, Mexico, Peru,
sp., Delphinium sp. USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
- 241 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(larkspur), Dianthus sp. Asia: China, Israel,
(anyelir, carnation), Fragaria Lebanon, Philippines,
ananassa (stroberi, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
strawberry), Hedera helix Turkey, Thailand,
(ivy), Helianthus annuus Uzbekistan
(bunga matahari, sunflower), Europe: Albania,
Hordeum vulgare (barli, Andorra, Austria,
barley), Humulus lupulus Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
(hop), Iberis sp. (candytuft), and Herzegovina,
Laburnum anagyroides Bulgaria, Croatia,
(common laburnum), Lactuca Cyprus, Denmark,
sativa (selada, lettuce), Estonia, France,
Lathyrus odoratus (sweet Germany, Greece,
pea), Lilium sp. (lily), Malus Gibraltar, Hungary,
domestica (apel, apple), Ireland, Italy,
Medicago lupulina (black Liechtenstein,
medick), Nasturtium Luxembourg, Malta,
(watercress), Nasturtium Moldova, Montenegro,
officinale (selada air, Netherlands, North
watercress), Opuntia ficus- Macedonia, Norway,
indica (pricky pear), Poland, Portugal, Russian
Penstemon sp., Petunia sp., Federation, Romania,
Pisum sativum (pea), Persea Serbia, Slovakia,
americana (avokad, avocado), Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
- 242 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Switzerland, Ukraine,
common bean), Poaceae, United Kingdom
Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, Oceania: Fiji, French
apricot), Pyrus communis (pir, Polynesia, New
pear), Primula sieboldii, Caledonia, Australia, New
Ranunculus repens (creeping Zealand, Norfolk Island,
buttercarp), Raphanus Pitcairn Island, Samoa
sativus (lobak, radish), Ribes
nigrum (blackcurrant),
Rosmarinus
officinalis (rosemary), Rosa
sp., Rubus fruticosus
(blackberry), Solanum
strawberry, Thymus vulgaris
(thyme), Trifolium
alexandrium (egyptian clover),
wheat), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Yucca sp., Zea
Zinnia sp.
8. Helix pomatia L.; II Nicotiana tabacum media tanam America: Canada
Helicidae; (tembakau, tobacco), Triticum (growing Asia: Georgia,
- 243 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
roman snail, edible snail, vineyard aestivum (gandum, wheat), media Tajikistan,
snail, burgundy snail Vitis vinifera (anggur, associated Turkmenistan,
grapevine), sayuran with plants) Uzbekistan
(vegetables) tumbuhan Europe: Armenia,
dan/atau Austria, Azerbaijan,
bagian- Belarus, Belgium,
bagiannya Bosnia and
(plant and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
part of plant) Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, France,
Finland, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,
Lithuania, North
Macedonia, Moldova,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland, Sweden,
Ukraine, United
- 244 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Kingdom
9. Helix rufescens Pennant; II Fragaria vesca media tanam America: Antigua and
Helicidae; (wild strawberry) (growing Barbuda, Argentina,
reddish snail media Bahamas, Barbados,
associated Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
with plants) Canada, Chile, Colombia,
tumbuhan Costa Rica, Cuba,
dan/atau Dominica, Dominican
bagian- Republic, Ecuador, El
bagiannya Salvador, Grenada,
(plant and Guatemala, Guyana,
part of plant) Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Saint
Kitts and Nevis, Saint
the Grenadines,
Venezuela
10. Lanistes ovum Trosch; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, media tanam Africa: Angola, Botswana,
(Syn. Lanistes connollyi, Lanistes rice) (growing Congo, Chad, Cameroon,
elator, Lanistes innesi, Lanistes media Gambia, Ghana,
- 245 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
procerus); associated Mozambique, Namibia,
Ampullariidae; with plants) Niger, Nigeria, South
freshwater snail tumbuhan Africa Tanzania,
dan/atau Zimbabwe
bagian-
bagiannya
(plant and
part of plant)
11. Marisa cornuarietis L.; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, media tanam Africa: Algeria, Angola,
Ampullariidae; rice) (growing Benin, Botswana,
giant ramshorn snail, apple snail, media Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Colombian ramshorn snail associated Cape Verde, Cameroon,
with plants) Central African Republic,
tumbuhan Chad, Comoros, Congo,
dan/atau DR Congo, Djibouti,
bagian- Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,
bagiannya Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon,
(plant and Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
part of plant) Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
Coast, Kenya, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco,
- 246 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
South Africa, South
Sudan, Sudan,
Uganda, Tanzania,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Central America,
Ecuador, French Guiana,
Guyana, Hawaii,
South America,
Tobago, Uruguay,
Venezuela
12. Otala lactea Muller; II Allium sativum (bawang media tanam Africa: North Africa
Helicidae; putih, garlic), Apium (growing America: Argentina,
milk snail, milky snail graveolens (seledri, celery), media Bolivia, Brazil, Bermuda,
- 247 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis associated Colombia, Chile, Cuba,
(kembang kol, cauliflower), with plants) Dominican Republic,
Brassica oleracea var. tumbuhan Ecuador, French Guiana,
capitata (kubis, cabbage), dan/atau Jamaica, Paraguay, Peru,
Brassica oleracea var. italica bagian- Uruguay, USA, Venezuela
(brokoli, broccoli), bagiannya Europe: Netherlands,
Brassicaceae, Citrus, Carica (plant and Spain
papaya (pepaya, papaya), part of plant) Oceania: Australia
lettuce), lily, Pimpinella
anisum (anise), yucca
13. Oxychilus cellarius Muller; II Cucumis sativus (mentimun, media tanam Africa: North Africa
Zonitidae; cucumber), Cucurbita (growing America: USA, Canada
cellar glass snail moschata (labu, pumpkin), media Asia: Afghanistan,
Citrullus lanatus (semangka, associated Bahrain, Bangladesh,
watermelon), Cucumis melo with plants) Bhutan,
(melon, melon), Fabaceae, tumbuhan Brunei Darussalam,
Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchid) dan/atau Cambodia, China,
bagian- DPR Korea (North Korea),
bagiannya Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
(plant and Israel, Japan, Jordan,
part of plant) Kazakhstan, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR
(Laos), Lebanon,
- 248 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Malaysia, Maldives,
Mongolia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Qatar,
Syria, Tajikistan,
Thailand, Timor-Leste,
United Arab Emirates,
Yemen
Europe: Albania,
Andorra, Armenia,
and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
- 249 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
North Macedonia,
Romania, Russian
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
14. Oxychilus draparnaudi Beck; II Cucumis sativus (mentimun, media tanam Europe: Albania,
Zonitidae; cucumber), Cucurbita (growing Andorra, Armenia,
dark bodied glass snail moschata (labu, pumpkin), media Austria, Azerbaijan,
Fabaceae, Orchidaceae associated Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
(anggrek, orchid) with plants) and Herzegovina,
tumbuhan Bulgaria, Croatia,
dan/atau Cyprus, Czech Republic,
bagian- Denmark, Estonia,
bagiannya Finland, France,
(plant and Germany, Greece,
part of plant) Hungary, Iceland,
- 250 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
North Macedonia,
Romania, Russian
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
15. Theba pisana Muller; II Brassica oleracea var. media tanam Africa: Canary Island,
(Syn. Helix pisana); capitata (kubis, cabbage), (growing South Africa, Somaliland
Helicidae; Citrus spp., Daucus carota media America: Atlantic Island,
white garden snail, Mediteranean (wortel, carrot), Hordeum associated Bermuda,
sandsnail, sandhill snail, white snail vulgare (barli, barley), with plants) USA
Fabaceae, Medicago sativa tumbuhan Asia: Iran
(alfalfa, lucerne), ornamental dan/atau Europe: United Kingdom,
plant, Solanum lycopersicum bagian- France
(tomat, tomato), Triticum bagiannya Oceania: Australia
aestivum (gandum, wheat), (plant and
Vitis vinifera (anggur, grape) part of plant)
- 251 -
4. SIPUT (SLUGS)

(SCIENTIFIC NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Ariolimax columbianus Gould; II Garden plant and flowers, tumbuhan America: Canada,
Arionidae; Musa spp. (pisang, banana) dan/atau Mexico, USA
Pacific banana slug bagian-
bagiannya
(plants and
part of plant)
2. Arion circumscriptus Johnston; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tumbuhan America: Canada,
(Syn. Arion bourguignati); celery), Brassica napus var. dan/atau Mexico, USA
Arionidae; napus (rape), Daucus carota bagian- Europe: Czech
brown banded arion, white soled slug (wortel, carrot), Fragaria bagiannya Republic, Denmark,
vesca (wild strawberry), (plants and Ireland, Norway,
Hordeum vulgare (barli, part of plant) Sweden, United
barley), Nicotiana tabacum Kingdom
(tembakau, tobacco), poppy,
Secale cereale (rye), Solanum
tanaman jagung (plant of
corn)
3. Arion intermedius Normand; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tumbuhan America: Canada,
Arionidae; celery), Daucus carota dan/atau Hawaii, USA
hedgehog arion, hedgehog slug (wortel, carrot), ornamental bagian- Asia: Sri Lanka
plants, Solanum tuberosum bagiannya Europe: Albania,
- 252 -

COMMON NAME)
(kentang, potato), Triticum (plants and Austria, Belgium,
spp. (gandum, wheat), Tulipa part of plant) Bosnia-Herzegovina,
sp. (tulip), Zea mays (jagung, Croatia, Czech
corn, maize) Republic, France,
Germany, Hungary,
Liechtenstein,
Luxembourg,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Switzerland
4. Arion rufus L.; II Brassica oleracea var. tumbuhan America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Limax rufus, Arion ater, Arion capitata (kubis, cabbage), dan/atau Europe: Austria,
empiricorum); Brassica napus var. napus bagian- Belgium, Denmark,
Arionidae; (rape), Fragaria ananassa bagiannya Estonia, Faroe Islands,
chocolate arion, European red slug (stroberi, strawberry), (plants and Finland, France,
Helianthus annuus (bunga part of plant) Germany, Greenland,
matahari, sunflower), Iceland, Ireland, Latvia,
Hordeum vulgare (barli, Lithuania,
barley), Nicotiana tabacum Liechtenstein,
(tembakau, tobacco), Luxembourg,
Petroselinum crispum Netherlands,
(peterseli, parsley), poppy, Switzerland, United
- 253 -

COMMON NAME)
Solanum tuberosum Kingdom
(kentang, potato), Secale
cereale (rye), Triticum
aestivum (gandum, wheat)
5. Arion subfuscus Drap; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tumbuhan America: Canada,
(Syn. Limax subfuscus, Arion krynickii, celery), Daucus carota dan/atau USA
Arion brunneus, Arion esthonicus); (wortel, carrot), Fragaria bagian- Europe: United
Arionidae; ananassa (stroberi, bagiannya Kingdom
dusky arion strawberry), Solanum (plants and
tuberosum (kentang, potato), part of plant)
Solanum lycopersicum
(tomat, tomato)
6. Deroceras agreste L; II Brassicaceae, Cynara tumbuhan America: Antigua and
(Syn. Limax agrestis, Agriolimax scolymus (artichoke), Daucus dan/atau Barbuda, Argentina,
agrestis, Agrolimax fedschenkoi, carota (wortel, carrot), bagian- Bahamas, Barbados,
Agrolimax transcaucasicus coeciger); Fragaria vesca (wild bagiannya Belize, Bolivia,
Agriolimacidae; strawberry), Lactuca sativa (plants and Brazil, Canada, Chile,
field slug, grey field slug, milky slug (selada, lettuce), sayuran part of plant) Colombia, Costa Rica,
(vegetables), Solanum Cuba, Dominica,
tuberosum (kentang, potato), Dominican Republic,
Trifolium sp. Ecuador, El Salvador,
Grenada, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
- 254 -

COMMON NAME)
Panama, Paraguay,
Nevis, Saint Lucia,
USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bahrain, Bangladesh,
Bhutan,
Brunei Darussalam,
Cambodia, China,
DPR Korea (North
Korea), Georgia, India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kuwait,
Kyrgyzstan, Lao PDR
(Laos), Lebanon,
Malaysia, Maldives,
Mongolia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Qatar,
Republic of Korea
- 255 -

COMMON NAME)
(South Korea), Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, Sri
Lanka, Syria,
Tajikistan, Thailand,
Timor-Leste, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, United
Arab Emirates,
Yemen
Europe: Denmark,
North Europe, Norway,
Russian Federation,
Sweden
Oceania: Australia
7. Geomalacus maculosus Allman; II Beta vulgaris var. tumbuhan Europe: Portugal, Spain
Arionidae; saccharifera dan/atau
kerry slug, kerry spotted slug (bit gula, sugar beet) bagian-
bagiannya
(plants and
part of plant)
8. Lehmania valentiana Ferussac; II Orchidaceae (anggrek, tumbuhan Africa: South Africa
Limacidae; orchid), Solanum tuberosum dan/atau America: Canada,
terrestrial pulmonate gastropod (kentang, potato), sayuran bagian- Chile, Colombia, Peru,
mollusk (vegetables) bagiannya USA
(plants and Asia: China, Japan
- 256 -

COMMON NAME)
part of plant) Europe: Andorra,
Austria, Azores,
Balearic Island,
Belgium, Canary
Island, Corsica, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
France, Gibraltar,
Hungary, Ireland,
Italy,Lithuania, Malta,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Spain, Sweden, United
Kingdom
Zealand
9. Limax cinereoniger Wolf; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tumbuhan Europe: Albania,
(Syn. Limax antiquorum); celery), Daucus carota dan/atau Andorra, Armenia,
Limacidae; (wortel, carrot), Solanum bagian- Austria, Azerbaijan,
ash grey slug, black keel slug tuberosum (kentang, potato), bagiannya Belarus, Belgium,
tanaman hias (anggrek, (plants and Bosnia and
anthurium, tanaman part of plant) Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
berdaun lainnya) Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
- 257 -

COMMON NAME)
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Malta,
Moldova, Monaco,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, San
Marino, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
10. Limax maximus L; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tumbuhan America: Hawaii, USA
(Syn. Limax maculatus, Limax cellarius, celery), Brassica oleracea dan/atau Europe: Italy, Norway
Limax cinereus, Limacella parma, Limax var. capitata (kubis, bagian- Oceania: New Zealand
antiquorum); cabbage), Cucurbita bagiannya
Limacidae; moschata (labu, pumpkin), (plants and
giant garden slug, great slug, tiger Cucumis sativus (mentimun, part of plant)
slug, spotted leopard slug cucumber), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Jamur
- 258 -

COMMON NAME)
(mushroom), Solanum
(tomat, tomato), tanaman
hias (anggrek, anthurium,
tanaman berdaun lainnya)
11. Milax budapestensis Hazay; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tumbuhan Europe: Albania,
Milacidae; celery), akar sayuran, dan/atau Andorra, Armenia,
Budapest slug, keeled slug, Brassica napus var. napus bagian- Austria, Azerbaijan,
Subterranean slug (rape), Daucus carota (wortel, bagiannya Belarus, Belgium,
carrot), Helianthus annuus (plants and Bosnia and
(bunga matahari, sunflower), part of plant) Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Hordeum vulgare (barli, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
barley), poppy, Solanum Republic, Denmark,
tuberosum (kentang, potato), Estonia, Finland,
sayuran, Secale cereale (rye), France, Germany,
Triticum aestivum (gandum, Greece, Hungary,
wheat) Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Malta,
Moldova, Monaco,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
- 259 -

COMMON NAME)
Romania, Russian
Federation, San
Marino, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
12. Milax gagates Draparnaud; II Brassica oleracea var. tumbuhan Africa: Algeria, Angola,
(Syn. Limax gagtes, Limax fulginosus, capitata (kubis, cabbage), dan/atau Benin, Botswana,
Milax antipodarum, Limax pectinatus, Cynara scolimus (artichoke), bagian- Burkina Faso, Burundi,
Milax hewstoni, Milax emarginata, Milax Daucus carota (wortel, bagiannya Cape Verde, Cameroon,
tasmanicus, Milax nigricolus, Amalia carrot), Glycine max (kedelai, (plants and Central African
antipodarum var. pallida, Amalia parryi, soyabean), Helianthus part of plant) Republic, Chad,
Amalia babori); annuus (bunga matahari, Comoros, Congo, DR
Milacidae; sunflower), Fragaria vesca Congo, Djibouti, Egypt,
greenhouse slug, keeled slug (wild strawberry), Solanum Equatorial Guinea,
tuberosum (kentang, potato), Eritrea, Ethiopia,
(oilseed rape) Gabon, Gambia,
Ghana, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
Coast, Kenya, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya,
Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco,
- 260 -

COMMON NAME)
South Africa, South
Sudan, Sudan,
Swaziland, Togo,
Tunisia, Uganda,
Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
America: USA
Asia: Japan, Sri Lanka
Europe: France,
Greece, Italy,
Mediterranean region,
Spain, Turkey, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
13. Milax sowerbyi Tandonia sowerbyi; II Apium graveolens (seledri, tumbuhan Europe: Albania,
Milacidae; celery), Daucus carota dan/atau Andorra, Armenia,
sowerby’s slug, bulb-eating slug (wortel, carrot), Solanum bagian- Austria, Azerbaijan,
tuberosum (kentang, potato) bagiannya Belarus, Belgium,
(plants and Bosnia and
- 261 -

COMMON NAME)
part of plant) Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Malta,
Moldova, Monaco,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, San
Marino, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
14. Vaginula hedleyi Simroth; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), tumbuhan America: Antigua and
Veronicellidae; Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, dan/atau Barbuda, Argentina,
Vaginula slugs sweet potato), Medicago bagian- Bahamas, Barbados,
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), bagiannya Belize, Bolivia,
- 262 -

COMMON NAME)
Nicotiana tabacum (plants and Brazil, Canada, Chile,
(tembakau, tobacco) part of plant) Colombia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic,
Grenada, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay,
Nevis, Saint Lucia,
USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
- 263 -
5. NEMATODA (NEMATODES)

COMMON NAME)
1. Anguina agrostis (Steinbuch, 1799) I Agrostis canina (velvet akar dan tanah Africa: South Africa
Filipjev, 1936; bentgrass), Agrostis jika rumput America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Anguillula agrostidis (Steinbuch, capillaris (colonial diimpor dalam Asia: China, Georgia,
1799) Warming, 1877, Anguillula bentgrass), Agrostis exarata fase vegetatif Kyrgyzstan
agrostis (Steinbuch, 1799) Ehrenberg, (spike bentgrass), Agrostis (roots and soil if Europe: Czech
1838, Anguillula phalaridis (Steinbuch, stolonifera var. palustris grass is Republic, Estonia,
1799) Ehrenberg, 1838, Anguillulina (creeping bentgrass), imported in the Finland, Germany,
agrostis (Steinbuch, 1799) Goodey, Bromus erectus (upright vegetative Ireland, Netherlands,
1932, Anguillulina phalaridis brome), Dactylis glomerata phase), batang Norway, Poland,
(Steinbuch, 1799) Goodey, 1932, (orchard grass), Festuca (stems (above Russian Federation,
Anguina funesta Price, Fisher & Kerr, nigrescens (red fescue), ground), Slovakia, Sweden,
1979, Anguina lolii Price, 1973 Festuca ovina (sheep trunks, United Kingdom,
(=nomen nudum), Anguina phalaridis fescue), Lolium rigidum branches), biji Ukraine
(Steinbuch, 1779) Chizhov, 1980, (wimmera ryegrass), Phleum (true seeds, Oceania: Australia,
Anguina poophila Kiryanova, 1952, boehmeri, Phleum phleoides grain), bunga New Zealand
Tylenchus agrostidis Bastian, 1865, (boehmer's cat's-tail), (flowers,
Tylenchus agrostis (Steinbuch, 1799) Phleum pratense (timothy inflorescences,
Goodey, 1930, Tylenchus phalaridis grass), Poa alpina (alpine cones, calyx),
(Steinbuch, 1799) Orley, 1880, bluegrass), Poa annua daun (leaves),
Tylenchus phlei Horn, 1888, Vibrio (annual bluegrass), Poa malai (panicles),
agrostis Steinbuch, 1799, Vibrio pratensis (kentucky media tanam
phalaridis Steinbuch, 1799); bluegrass), Trisetum yang melekat
- 264 -

COMMON NAME)
flavescens (yellow oatgrass) pada tanaman
Anguinidae; (growing media
bentgrass nematode, grass seed associated with
eelworm, grass seed nematode, rye plants), stolon
grass nematode (stolons), tunas
(shoots), umbi
(bulbs, tubers,
corms,
rhizomes)
2. Anguina tritici (Steinbuch,1799) II Avena sativa (oat, oats), batang (stems Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia
Chitwood, 1935; Hordeum vulgare (barli, (above ground), America: Brazil,
(Syn. Anguillula scandens Schneider, barley), Secale cereale (rye), trunks, Canada, USA
1866, Anguillula tritici (Steinbuch, Triticum (wheat), Triticum branches), bibit Asia: Afghanistan,
1799) Grube, 1849, Anguillulina aestivum (gandum, wheat), (seedlings, Azerbaijan, China,
scandens (Schneider) Goodey, 1932, Triticum dicoccum (emmer micropropagate India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Anguillulina tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) wheat), Triticum spelta d plants), biji Pakistan, Republic of
Gervais & Van Beneden, 1859, (spelt), Triticum turgidum (true seeds, Korea (South Korea),
Anguina tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) (durum wheat) grain), bunga Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Gervais & van Beneden, 1859, (flowers, Taiwan, Turkey
Rhabditis tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) inflorescences, Europe: Austria,
Dujardin, 1845, Tylenchus scandens cones, calyx), Bosnia and
(Schneider, 1866) Cobb, 1890, daun (leaves), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Tylenchus tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) malai (panicles), Croatia, Cyprus,
Bastian, 1865, Vibrio tritici Steinbuch, tunas (shoots), France, Germany,
1799); umbi (tubers, Greece, Hungary,
- 265 -

COMMON NAME)
Anguinidae; corms, Ireland, Italy,
cockle wheat, earcockles, eelworm rhizomes) Lithuania, Montenegro,
disease, purples, wheat cockle Netherlands, North
nematode, wheat nematode, wheatgall Macedonia, Poland,
nematode, wheat seed gall nematode Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Spain,
United Kingdom,
Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
3. Aphasmatylenchus straturatus II Arachys hypogaea (kacang akar (roots), Africa: Burkina Faso
Germani, 1970; tanah, peanut), Cajanus polong kacang
Hoplolaimidae; cajan (kacang gude, pigeon tanah (pods of
ground nut chlorosis nematode pea), Glycine max (kedelai, peanut), tanah
soyabean), Tephrosia (soil), media
(hoary-pea), Vigna tanam yang
cylindrical (kacang tunggak, melekat pada
long bean), Vigna tanaman
unguiculata (cowpea), (growing media
Voandzeia subterranea associated with
(Bambara groundnut) plants)
4. Aphelenchoides arachidis Bos, 1977; II Arachys hypogaea (kacang akar (roots), biji Africa: Cameroon,
- 266 -

COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Robustodorus arachidis (Bos, tanah, peanut), Oryza (true seeds, Egypt, Nigeria, South
1977); sativa (padi, paddy, rice), grain), buah Africa
Aphelenchoididae; Pennisetum glaucum (pearl (fruits), polong
groundnut testa nematode, peanut millet), Saccharum (pods), tanah
testa nematode officinarum (tebu, (soil), tunas
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor (shoots), media
(sorgum, sorghum), Zea tanam yang
mays (jagung, corn, maize) melekat pada
tanaman
(growing media
associated with
plants), umbi
(bulbs, tubers,
corms,
rhizomes)
5. Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi (Schwartz, II Asplenium nidus (bird's nest batang (stems Africa: Canary Islands,
1911) Steiner & Buhrer, 1932; fern), Begonia, Bergenia (above ground), Mauritius, South
(Syn. Aphelenchoides ribes (Taylor, spp. (elephant-leaved shoots, trunks, Africa
1917) Goodey, 1933, Aphelenchus saxifrage), Buddleia spp. branches), biji America: Brazil,
phyllophagus Stewart, 1921, (Butterflybush), Calceolaria (true seeds, Canada, Chile, Cuba,
Aphelenchus ribes (Taylor, 1917) spp. (pouch flower), grain), bunga Mexico, USA,
Goodey, 1923, Aphelenchus ritzema- Callistephus chinensis (flowers, Venezuela
bosi (Schwartz, 1911), (China aster), Campanula inflorescences, Asia: China, India,
Pathoaphelenchus ritzemabosi spp. (campanulas), cones, calyx), Iran, Japan,
(Schwartz, 1911) Steiner, 1932, Campanula pyramidalis daun (leaves), Kazakhstan, Republic
- 267 -

COMMON NAME)
Pseudaphelenchoides ritzemabosi (chimney bellflower), kormus of Korea (South Korea),
(Schwartz, 1911) Drozdovski, 1967, Chrysanthemum morifolium (corms), media Uzbekistan
Tylenchus ribes Taylor, 1917); (krisan, chrysant), tanam yan Europe: Bosnia and
Aphelenchoididae; Consolida ambigua (rocket melekat pada Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
blackcurrant nematode, bud and leaf larkspur), Crassula tanaman Croatia, Germany,
nematode, chrysant foliar eelworm, coccinea, Dahlia, Echium (growing media Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
chrysant foliar nematode, spp., Eleusine coracana associated with Latvia, Montenegro,
chrysanthemum foliar eelworm, leaf (finger millet), Fragaria plants), rhizom Netherlands, North
wilt nematode of chrysant (strawberry), Fragaria (rhizomes), Macedonia, Poland,
ananassa (stroberi, stolon (stolons), Portugal, Russian
strawberry), Fragaria vesca umbi (bulbs, Federation, Serbia,
(wild strawberry), Geranium tubers) Slovenia, Spain,
spp. (cranesbill), Helianthus Switzerland, United
annuus (bunga matahari, Kingdom, Ukraine
sunflower), Helleborus niger Oceania: Fiji, New
(christmas rose), Hibiscus Zealand
rosa–sinensis (kembang
sepatu, China-rose),
Hydrangea anomala,
Lavandula angustifolia
(lavender), Limonium
sinuatum (sea pink), Lotus
corniculatus (bird's-foot
trefoil), Lupinus spp.
(lupins), Medicago sativa
- 268 -

COMMON NAME)
(alfalfa, lucerne), Mimulus
spp. (monkey-flower),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco),
Ocimum basilicum (kemangi,
basil), Passiflora edulis
(passionfruit), Passiflora
passionfruit, granadilla),
Peperomia sp., Phaseolus
bean), Philadelphus
coronarius (mock orange),
Ranunculus spp.
(buttercup), Rheum
hybridum (rhubarb),
Rhododendron spp. (Azalea),
Ribes nigrum
(blackcurrant), Ribes uva-
crispa (gooseberry),
Rudbeckia spp.
(coneflower), Rumex (Dock),
Saintpaulia (African violet),
Saintpaulia ionantha
(African violet), Salvia
- 269 -

COMMON NAME)
splendens (scarlet sage),
Sambucus spp. (Elderberry),
Senecio spp. (Groundsel),
Sinningia speciosa
(gloxinia), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomat,
tomato), Solanum nigrum
(leunca, black nightshade),
Sonchus spp. (Sowthistle),
Stellaria media (common
chickweed), Verbena spp.
(vervain), Veronica
(Speedwell), Viburnum spp.,
Viola spp. (violet), Vigna
spp. (buncis, cowpea),
Zinnia elegans (zinnia)
6. Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau, II Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), America: Bahamas,
1958; (okra, lady’s finger), Acer media tanam Bermuda, Costa Rica,
Belonolaimidae; spp. (maples), Acer yang melekat Mexico, Puerto Rico,
sting nematode pseudoplatanus (sycamore), pada tanaman USA
Agrostis stolonifera var. (growing media Asia: Pakistan, Saudi
palustris (bent grass), associated with Arabia, Turkey
Allium cepa (bawang plants)
bombay, onion), Apium
graveolens (seledri, celery),
- 270 -

COMMON NAME)
Arachys hypogaea (kacang
tanah, peanut), Baccharis
halimifolia (groundsel-
bush), Beta vulgaris (bit,
beetroot), Brassica,
Brassica oleracea
(cabbages, cauliflowers),
Brassica oleracea var.
botrytis (bunga kol,
cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Brassica
rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip
rape), Capsicum annuum
(cabai, paprika, bell pepper,
hot pepper, red pepper,
chili), Casuarina
equisetifolia (casuarina),
Chrysanthemum spp.
(daisy), Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon),
Citrus sinensis (jeruk
manis, navel orange),
Cucumis melo (melon,
melon), Cucumis sativus
- 271 -

COMMON NAME)
(mentimun, cucumber),
Cynodon dactylon (bermuda
grass, rumput bermuda),
Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Desmodium
tortuosum (Florida
beggarweed), Digitaria
decumbens (pangolagrass),
Digitaria sanguinalis (large
crabgrass), Diospyros kaki
Eremochloa ophiuroides
(centipedegrass), Festuca
arundinacea (tall fescue),
Fragaria spp., (stroberi,
strawberry), Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean),
Gossypium hirsutum
(Bourbon cotton),
barley), Ilex (holly), Ipomoea
potato), Ipomoea purpurea
- 272 -

COMMON NAME)
(tall morning glory), Lactuca
Liquidambar styraciflua
(sweet gum), Lolium
multiflorum (Italian
ryegrass), Mentha spicata
(spear mint), Ocimum
basilicum (kemangi, basil),
Oxalis (wood sorrels),
Paspalum notatum (bahia
grass), Pennisetum glaucum
(pearl millet), Pennisetum
purpureum (elephant grass),
Pharbitis purpurea (common
morning glory), Phaseolus
bean), Pinus palustris
(longleaf pine), Pinus taeda
(loblolly pine), Pisum
Pittosporum tobira (japanese
pittosporum), Poaceae
(grasses), Rumex crispus
(curled dock), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
- 273 -

COMMON NAME)
sugarcane), Schinus
terebinthifolius (Brazilian
pepper tree), Secale cereale
(rye), Sesbania exaltata
(coffeebean (USA)), Solanum
tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Sorghum
sudanense (Sudan grass),
Stenotaphrum secundatum
(buffalo grass), Trifolium
spp. (clovers), Triticum
turfgrasses, Ulmus
parvifolia (lacebark elm),
(blueberry), Vigna
unguiculata (cowpea), Vitis
rotundifolia (muscadine
grape), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
7. Bursaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb) I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, akar (roots), America: Belize, Brazil,
- 274 -

COMMON NAME)
Baujard; coconut), Elaeis guineensis batang (stems Colombia, Costa Rica,
(Syn. Aphelenchoides cocophilus, (kelapa sawit, oil palm), (above ground), Ecuador, El Salvador,
Aphelenchus cocophilus, Phoenix canariensis (Canary trunks, French Guiana,
Chitinoaphelenchus cocophilus, Island date palm), Phoenix branches), bibit Grenada, Guatemala,
Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus); dactylifera (kurma, dates- (seedlings), Guyana, Honduras,
Aphelenchoididae; palm), Sabal palmetto daun (leaves), Mexico, Nicaragua,
red ring nematode (cabbage palmetto) kulit kayu Panama, Peru, Saint
(bark), kayu Vincent and the
(woods), media Grenadines, Suriname,
tanam yang Trinidad and Tobago,
melekat pada Venezuela
tanaman
(growing media
associated with
plants), tanah
(soil), tunas
(shoots), media
tanam lainnya
(others growing
media)
sebagai vektor
(as a vector):
Rhynchophorus
palmarum,
- 275 -

COMMON NAME)
Rhynchophorus
cruentatus,
Metamasius
hemipterus
(Coleoptera;
Curculionidae)
8. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & I Abies spp. (fir), Abies batang (stems Africa: South Africa
Buhrer, 1934) Nickle, 1970; amabilis (Pacific silver fir), (above ground), America: Canada,
(Syn. Aphelenchoides xylophilus, Abies balsamea (balsam fir), shoots, trunks, Mexico, USA
Bursaphelenchus lignicolus); Abies firma (momi fir), Abies branches), bibit Asia: China, Japan,
Parasitaphelenchidae; grandis (grand fir), Abies (seedlings, Republic of Korea
pine wilt nematode, pine wood sachalinensis (sakhalin fir), micropropagate (South Korea), Taiwan,
nematode Cedrus atlantica (atlas d plants), Vietnam
cedar), Cedrus deodara bunga (flowers, Europe: Portugal,
(Himalayan cedar), inflorescences, Spain
Chamaecyparis cones, calyx),
nootkatensis (alaska cedar), daun (leaves),
Larix spp. (larch), Larix kulit kayu
decidua (common larch), (bark), kayu
Larix kaempferi (Japanese (woods), media
larch), Larix laricina tanam yang
(American larch), Larix melekat pada
occidentalis (western larch), tanaman
Picea spp. (spruce), Picea (growing media
abies (common spruce), associated with
- 276 -

COMMON NAME)
Picea engelmannii plants),
(Engelmann spruce), Picea kemasan kayu
glauca (white spruce), Picea (wood
jezoensis (Yeddo spruce), packaging)
Picea mariana (black
spruce), Picea pungens sebagai vektor
(blue spruce), Picea rubens (as a vector):
(red spruce), Picea Monochamus
sitchensis (sitka spruce), alternatus,
Pinus spp. (pines), Pinus Monochamus
ayacahuite (Mexican white nitens
pine), Pinus banksiana (jack (Coleoptera;
pine), Pinus brutia (brutian Cerambycidae)
pine), Pinus bungeana (lace
bark pine), Pinus caribaea
(Caribbean pine), Pinus
contorta (lodgepole pine),
Pinus densiflora (Japanese
umbrella pine), Pinus
echinata (shortleaf pine),
Pinus elliottii (slash pine),
Pinus halepensis (Aleppo
pine), Pinus hartwegii
(Hartweg pine), Pinus
jeffreyi (Jeffrey pine), Pinus
- 277 -

COMMON NAME)
koraiensis (fruit pine), Pinus
lambertiana (big pine),
Pinus leiophylla (smooth-
leaved pine), Pinus
luchuensis (luchu pine),
Pinus massoniana (masson
pine), Pinus monticola
(western white pine), Pinus
mugo (mountain pine),
Pinus nigra (black pine),
Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine),
Pinus palustris (longleaf
pine), Pinus pinaster
(maritime pine), Pinus pinea
(stone pine), Pinus
ponderosa (ponderosa pine),
Pinus pungens (tabel
Mountain pine), Pinus
radiata (radiata pine), Pinus
resinosa (red pine), Pinus
strobiformis (southwestern
white pine), Pinus strobus
(eastern white pine), Pinus
sylvestris (Scots pine),
- 278 -

COMMON NAME)
Pinus thunbergii (Japanese
black pine), Pinus
wallichiana (blue pine),
Pinus yunnanensis (Yunnan
pine), Pseudotsuga
menziesii (douglas-fir),
Xanthocyparis nootkatensis
(Alaska cedar)
9. Cactodera cacti Filipjev & Schuumans II Apium graveolens (seledri, akar (roots), Africa: Algeria
Stekhoven, 1941; celery), Cactaceae, Cereus, batang (stems America: Argentina,
(Syn. Heterodera cacti Filipjev & Daucus carota (wortel, (above ground), Brazil, Canada,
Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941); carrot), Echinopsis spp., shoots, trunks, Colombia, Cuba,
Heteroderidae; Epiphyllum spp., branches), Mexico, USA
cactus cyst nematode, cactus cyst Epiphyllum ackermannii, media tanam Asia: China, Georgia,
eelworm, cactus root eelworm Erysimum allionii, yang melekat India, Iran, Israel,
Ferocactus spp., Opuntia pada tanaman Japan, Kazakhstan,
microdasys (angel's wings), (growing media Kyrgyzstan, Republic
Opuntia stricta (erect prickly associated with of Korea (South Korea),
pear), Petroselinum crispum plants), tanah Tajikistan,
(parslei, parsley), (soil) Turkmenistan,
Saccharum officinarum Uzbekistan, Vietnam
(tebu, sugarcane), Europe: Armenia,
Schlumbergera truncata Austria, Azerbaijan,
(christmas cactus) Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and
- 279 -

COMMON NAME)
Czech Republic,
Estonia, Denmark,
France, Germany,
Lithuania, Malta,
North Macedonia,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia
10. Ditylenchus africanus Wendt et al. II Arachis hypogaea (kacang akar (roots), biji Africa: Mozambique,
1995; tanah, peanut), (true seeds, South Africa
Anguinidae; Chenopodium album (fat grain), polong
groundnut pod nematode, peanut pod hen), Datura stramonium (pods), rhizom
nematode (jimsonweed), Eleusine (rhizomes),
indica (goose grass), Glycine umbi (bulbs,
max (kedelai, soyabean), tubers, corms)
Gossypium hirsutum
(Bourbon cotton),
- 280 -

COMMON NAME)
Lupinus albus (white
lupine), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Phaseolus vulgaris
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet
pea), Solanum tuberosum
Tagetes minuta (stinking
Roger), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang
panjang, cowpea), Xanthium
strumarium (common
cocklebur), Zea mays
11. Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945; II Allium ascalonicum (bawang akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
Anguinidae; merah, shallot), Allium cepa batang (stems America: Canada,
potato rot nematode, potato tuber (bawang bombai, onion), (above ground), Ecuador, Haiti, Mexico,
nematode, potato eelworm Allium sativum (bawang shoots, trunks, Peru, USA
putih, garlic), Arachys branches), Asia: Azerbaijan,
- 281 -

COMMON NAME)
hypogaea (kacang tanah, kormus China, Iran, Japan,
peanut), Beta vulgaris (bit, (corms), polong Kazakhstan,
beetroot), Beta vulgaris var. (pods), rimpang Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan,
saccharifera (bit gula, sugar (rhizomes), Republic of Korea
beet), Camellia sinensis stolon (stolons), (South Korea), Saudi
(teh, tea), Capsicum umbi (bulbs, Arabia, Tajikistan,
annuum (cabai besar, tubers) Turkey, Uzbekistan
paprika, bell pepper, hot Europe: Albania,
pepper, red pepper, chili), Austria, Belarus,
Chenopodium album (fat Belgium, Bulgaria,
hen), Chrysanthemum spp. Czech Republic,
(krisan, chrysant), Estonia, Finland,
Chrysanthemum morifolium France, Germany,
(chrysanthemum (florists')), Greece, Hungary,
Citrus sinensis (jeruk Ireland, Italy, Jersey,
manis, navel orange), Latvia, Lithuania,
Cucumis sativus Luxembourg, Moldova,
(mentimun, cucumber), Netherlands, Norway,
Cucurbita maxima (waluh, Poland, Romania,
labu parang, pumpkin), Russian Federation,
Cucurbita moschata Slovakia, Spain,
(pumpkin), Cyperus Sweden, Switzerland,
rotundus (purple nutsedge), United Kingdom,
Dahlia hybrids, Daucus Ukraine
carota (wortel, carrot), Oceania: Australia,
- 282 -

COMMON NAME)
Datura stramonium New Zealand
(jimsonweed), Eleusine
indica (goose grass), Elymus
repens (quackgrass),
Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry),
Fumaria officinalis (common
fumitory), Gladiolus hybrids
(sword lily), Glycine max
Humulus lupulus (hops),
Irish spp. (irises), Ipomoea
potato), Mentha spp.
(mentol, mint), Panax
ginseng (Asiatic ginseng),
Panax quinquefolius
(American ginseng),
(tomat, tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
Solanum nigrum (leunca,
- 283 -

COMMON NAME)
black nightshade), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sonchus arvensis
(perennial sowthistle),
Tagetes minuta (stinking
Roger), Taraxacum officinale
complex
(dandelion),Trifolium spp.,
(clovers), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Tulipa
spp. (tulip), Xanthium
strumarium (common
cocklebur), Zea mays
12. Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn, 1857) II Abrosia spp., Allium spp., batang (stems Africa: Algeria, Kenya,
Filip’ev, 1936; Allium ascalonicum (bawang (above ground), Morocco, Nigeria,
(Syn. Anguillula devastatrix Kühn, merah, shallot), Allium cepa shoots, trunks, Réunion, South Africa,
1869, Anguillula dipsaci Kühn, 1857, (bawang bombai, onion), branches), bibit Tunisia
Anguillula secalis Nitschke, 1868, Allium cepa var. aggregatum (seedlings, America: Argentina,
Anguillulina dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) (bawang merah, shallot), micropropagate Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Gervais & Van Beneden, 1859, Allium cepa (bawang d plants), biji Chile, Colombia, Costa
Anguillulina dipsaci var. communis bombai, onion), Allium (true seeds, Rica, Dominican
Steiner & Scott, 1935, Ditylenchus fistulosum (bawang daun, grain), buah Republic, Ecuador,
allocotus (Steiner, 1934) Filip'ev & Sch. welch onion), Allium porrum (fruits, pods), Haiti, Mexico,
Stek., 1, Ditylenchus amsinckiae (bawang daun, leek), Allium bunga (flowers, Paraguay, Peru, USA
- 284 -

COMMON NAME)
(Steiner & Scott, 1935) Filip'ev & Sch. sativum (bawang putih, inflorescences, (Hawaii), Uruguay,
Ditylenchus dipsaci var. tobaensis garlic), Agropiron spp., cones, calyx), Venezuela
Schneider, 1937, Ditylenchus fragariae Apium graveolens (seledri, daun (leaves), Asia: Armenia,
Kir'yanova, 1951, Ditylenchus celery), Astrantia, Avena stolon (stolons), Azerbaijan, China,
sonchophila Kir'yanova, 1958, sativa (oat, oats), Avena umbi (bulbs, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,
Ditylenchus trifolii Skarbilivich, 1958, spp., Begonia, Bergenia tubers, corms, Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Tylenchus allii Beijerinck, 1883, (elephant-leaved saxifrage), rhizomes) Kazakhstan,
Tylenchus devastator, Tylenchus Beta vulgaris var. Kyrgyzstan, Oman,
devastatrix (Kühn) Oerley, Tylenchus saccharifera (bit gula, sugar Pakistan, Republic of
dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Bastian, 1865, beet), Brassica napus var. Korea (South Korea),
Tylenchus havensteinii Kühn, 1881, napus (rape), Brassica rapa Syria, Turkey,
Tylenchus hyacinthi Prillieux, 1881, subsp. rapa (turnip), Uzbekistan, Yemen
Tylenchus putrefaciens Kühn, 1879); Cannabis sativa (hemp), Europe: Albania,
Anguinidae; Carduus acanthoides Austria, Belarus,
bulb eelworm, nematoda umbi/brown (welted thistle), Crocus Belgium, Bosnia and
ring disease of hyacinth, onion bloat, sativus (kuma-kuma, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
ring disease of bulbs, stem and bulb safron, saffron), Cucurbitae, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
nematode Chenopodium murale Republic, Denmark,
(nettleleaf goosefoot), Estonia, Finland,
Cirsium arvense (creeping France, Germany,
thistle), Cirsium arvense Greece, Hungary,
(creeping thistle), Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Convolvulus arvensis Latvia, Lithuania,
(bindweed), Chrysanthemun North Macedonia,
spp., Crocus sativus (kuma- Malta, Moldova,
- 285 -

COMMON NAME)
kuma, safron, saffron), Montenegro,
Cucurbitae, Daucus carota Netherlands, Norway,
(wortel, carrot), Delpinium Poland, Portugal,
spp., Dianthus caryophyllus Romania, Russian
(anyelir, carnation), Federation, Serbia,
Erigeron spp., Fragaria Slovenia, Slovakia,
ananassa (stroberi, Spain, Sweden,
strawberry), Gladiolus Switzerland, Ukraine,
hybrids (sword lily), United
Helianthus annuus (bunga KingdomOceania:
matahari, sunflower), Australia, New Zealand
Hieracium pilosella (mouse-
ear hawkweed), Hyacinthes
spp., Hyacinthus orientalis
(hyacinth), Hydrangea
(hydrangeas), Iris spp.,
sweet potato), Lamium
album (white deadnettle),
Lamium amplexicaule
(henbit deadnettle), Lamium
purpureum (purple
deadnettel), Lens culinaris
ssp. culinaris (lentil, lentil),
- 286 -

COMMON NAME)
lucerne), Myriophyllum
verticillatum (whorled
watermilfoil), Narcissus
(daffodil), Narcissus
pseudonarcissus (wild lent
lily), Nerine sarniensis
(guernsey lily), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Onobrychis
viciifolia (sainfoin),
Orchidaceae (anggrek,
orchids), Petroselinum
crispum (parslei, parsley),
Phaseolus (beans),
Phaseolus coccineus (runner
bean), Phlox drummondii
(phlox), Phlox paniculata
(garden phlox), Pilosella
officinarum (mouse-ear
hawkweed), Pimpinella
anisum (aniseed), Pisum
Polyphagous (polyphagous),
Plantago spp., Raphanus
sativus (lobak, radish),
- 287 -

COMMON NAME)
Ranunculus arvensis (corn
buttercup), Raphanus
raphanistrum (wild radish),
Secale cereale (rye),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Spinacia
oleracea (bayam, spinach),
chickweed), Tagetes spp.,
Taraxacum officinale
complex (dandelion),
Trifolium spp., Trifolium
pratense (purple clover),
Trifolium repens (white
clover), Triticum (gandum,
wheat), Tulipa spp., Vicia
faba (broad bean), Zea
13. Globodera pallida Stone 1973; I Datura (thorn-apple), akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Canary
(Syn. Globodera pallida (Stone, 1973) Datura stramonium bibit (seedlings, Islands, Kenya, Tunisia
Behrens, 1975, Heterodera pallida (kecubung, jimsonweed), micropropagate America: Argentina,
Stone, 1973); Hyoscyamus niger (black d plants), media Bolivia, Canada, Chile,
Heteroderidae; henbane), Lycopersicon tanam yang Colombia, Costa Rica,
white cyst nematode, white potato cyst pimpinellifolium (currant melekat pada Ecuador, Falkland
nematode, pale potato cyst nematode, tomato), Oxalis tuberosa, tanaman Islands, Panama, Peru,
- 288 -

COMMON NAME)
potato cyst nematode, potato root Solanum acaule, Solanum (growing media USA, Venezuela
eelworm americanum, Solanum associated with Asia: India, Iran,
aviculare (kangaroo apple), plants), tanah Japan, Pakistan,
Solanum cardiophyllum, (soil), umbi Turkey
Solanum ehrenbergii, (bulbs, tubers, Europe: Austria,
Solanum gilo (gilo), Solanum corms, Belgium, Bosnia and
indicum, Solanum rhizomes) Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
lycopersicum (tomat, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
tomato), Solanum Republic, Denmark,
marginatum (white-edged Faroe Islands, Finland,
nightshade), Solanum France, Germany,
mauritianum (tree tobacco), Greece, Hungary,
Solanum melongena (terung, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
aubergine, eggplant), Latvia, Lithuania,
Solanum muricatum (melon Luxembourg, Malta,
pear), Solanum nigrum Moldova, Netherlands,
(leunca, black nightshade), Norway, Poland,
Solanum oplocense, Portugal, Romania,
Solanum quitoense Serbia, Spain,
(naranjilla), Solanum Slovenia, Sweden,
sarrachoides (green Switzerland, United
nightshade), Solanum Kingdom, Ukraine
scabrum, Solanum Oceania: New Zealand
spegazzinii, Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato)
- 289 -

COMMON NAME)
14. Globodera tabacum I Nicotiana rustica (wild akar (roots), Africa: Madagascar,
(Lownsbery & Lownsbery) Behrens, tobacco), Nicotiana tabacum tanah (soil), Morocco
1975; (tembakau, tobacco), umbi (bulbs, America: Argentina,
(Syn. Globodera tabacum (Lownsbery & Solanum gilo (gilo), Solanum tubers, corms, Canada, Colombia,
Lownsbery, 1954) Mulvey & Stone, indicum, Solanum rhizomes), Mexico, USA
1976, Heterodera tabacum Lownsbery lycopersicum (tomat, media tanam Asia: China, Georgia,
& Lownsbery, 1954); tomato), Solanum yang melekat Japan, Kazakhstan,
Heteroderidae; mauritianum (tree tobacco), pada tanaman Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan,
tobacco cyst nematode Solanum melongena (terung, (growing media Republic of Korea
aubergine, eggplant), associated with (South Korea),
Solanum nigrum (leunca, plants) Tajikistan,
black nightshade), Solanum Turkmenistan,
quitoense (naranjilla), Uzbekistan
Solanum tuberosum Europe: Armenia,
(kentang, potato) Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Bosnia and
Croatia, Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania,
North Macedonia,
Ukraine, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Spain,
- 290 -

COMMON NAME)
Russian Federation,
Ukraine
15. Hemicycliophora arenaria Raski, 1958; II Apium graveolens (seledri, akar (roots), America: Argentina,
Criconematidae; celery), Capsicum annuum bibit (seedlings, Brazil, USA
sheath nematode (cabai besar, paprika, bell micropropagate Oceania: Australia
pepper, hot pepper, red d plants), tanah
pepper, chili), Capsicum (soil), media
frustecens (chili), Citrus tanam yang
aurantiifolia (jeruk nipis, melekat pada
lime), Citrus limettioides tanaman
(palestine sweet lime), (growing media
Citrus limonia (mandarin associated with
lime), Citrus jambhiri, Citrus plants)
macrophylla (alemow),
Citrus reticulata (jeruk
mandarin, mandarin),
Citrus taiwanica
(nanshodaidai), Cucurbita
maxima (waluh, labu
parang, pumpkin),
Cucurbita moschata
(pumpkin), Cucurbita
palmate (Coyote melon),
Hymenoclea salsola
(cheesebush), Libocedrus
- 291 -

COMMON NAME)
chilensis (chilean cedar),
Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Solanum
tomato), Vigna unguiculata
(kacang panjang, cowpea),
Vigna cylindrical (kacang
tunggak, long bean), Vitis
vinifera (anggur, grapevine)
16. Heterodera avenae Wollenweber, 1924; I Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Bidera avenae (Wollenweber, Hordeum vulgare (barli, bibit (seedlings, Libya, Morocco, South
1924) Krall & Krall, 1978, Bidera barley), Poaceae (grasses), micropropagate Africa, Tunisia
ustinovi (Kirjanova, 1969) Krall & Secale cereale (rye), Triticale d plants), biji America: Canada,
Krall, 1978, Heterodera major spp., Triticum (wheat), (true seeds, Peru, USA
(Schmidt) Franklin, Heterodera Triticum aestivum (gandum, grain), tanah Asia: China, India,
schachtii maior (O. Schmidt, 1930), wheat), Zea mays (jagung, (soil), media Iran, Israel, Japan,
Heterodera schachtii var. avenae corn, maize) tanam yang Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
Wollenweber, 1924, Heterodera melekat pada Saudi Arabia, Syria,
ustinovi Kirjanova, 1969); tanaman Turkey
Heteroderidae; (growing media Europe: Belgium,
cereal cyst nematode, cereal cyst associated with Bosnia and
eelworm, oat cyst nematode, oat root plants), umbi Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
eelworm (tubers, corms, Croatia, Czech
rhizomes) Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, France,
- 292 -

COMMON NAME)
Germany, Greece,
Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Malta,
Poland, Portugal,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
United Kingdom,
Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
17. Heterodera carotae Jones; I Daucus carota (wortel, akar (roots), America: USA
Heteroderidae; carrot), Olea europaea bibit dengan Asia: Georgia
carrot cyst nematode, carrot cyst subsp. europaea (zaitun, akar (seedlings Europe: Armenia,
eelworm, carrot root eelworm olive) with root), Azerbaijan, Belarus,
media tanam Estonia, France,
yang melekat Germany, Italy,
pada tanaman Kazakhstan,
(growing media Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,
associated with Lithuania, Moldova,
plants), umbi Poland, Portugal,
(tubers, corms, Russian Federation,
- 293 -

COMMON NAME)
rhizomes), Tajikistan,
tanah (soil), Turkmenistan,
umbi (bulbs, Ukraine, United
tubers, corms, Kingdom, Uzbekistan,
rhizomes) Switzerland
18. Heterodera cruciferae Franklin, 1945; I Brassica oleracea var. akar (roots), America: California
(Syn. Heterodera (Heterodera) botrytis (bunga kol, media tanam Asia: Pakistan, Georgia
cruciferae Franklin, 1945 cauliflower), Brassica yang melekat Europe: Albania,
(Skarbilovich, 1959); oleracea var. capitata pada tanaman Andorra, Armenia,
Heteroderidae; (kubis, cabbage), Brassica (growing media Austria, Azerbaijan,
cabbage cyst nematode, crucifer cyst napus var. napobrassica associated with Belarus, Belgium,
nematode (swede), Brassica napus plants), tanah Bosnia and
var. napus (rape), (soil), umbi Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Cruciferae, Raphanus (tubers, corms, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
sativus (lobak, radish) rhizomes) Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Malta,
Republic of Moldova,
Monaco, Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
- 294 -

COMMON NAME)
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, San
Marino, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
19. Heterodera goettingiana Liebscher, I Cicer arietinum (kacang akar (roots), Africa: Algeria
1892; arab, chickpea), Glycine batang (stems America: USA
(Syn. Heterodera göttingiana Liebscher max (kedelai, soyabean), (above ground), Asia: China, Georgia,
1892); Lathyrus cicera (flat-podded shoots, trunks, Iran, Israel, Japan,
Heteroderidae; vetchling), Lathyrus branches), bibit Jordan, Kazakhstan,
pea cyst nematode, pea cyst eelworm, odoratus (sweet pea), (seedlings, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey,
pea root eelworm Lathyrus sativus (grasspea), micropropagate Tajikistan,
Lens esculentum (lentil, d plants), media Turkmenistan,
lentil), Lens culinaris subsp. tanam yang Uzbekistan
culinaris (lentil), Lupinus melekat pada Europe: Armenia,
albus (white lupine), tanaman Azerbaijan, Belgium,
Lupinus luteus (yellow (growing media Bulgaria, Belarus,
lupin), Medicago sativa associated with Estonia, France,
(alfalfa, lucerne), Pisum plants), polong Germany, Italy, Latvia,
sativum (kapri, sweet pea), dalam tanah Lithuania, Malta,
Vicia (vetch), Vicia (pods in the Moldova, Netherlands,
- 295 -

COMMON NAME)
benghalensis (purple vetch), ground), tanah Poland, Portugal,
Vicia calcarata, Vicia cracca (soil), umbi Russian Federation,
(Tufted vetch), Vicia ervilia (bulbs, tubers, Slovenia, Spain, United
(Bitter vetch), Vicia faba corms, Kingdom, Ukraine
(kacang babi, faba bean) rhizomes)
20. Heterodera oryzicola Rao & I Brachiara decumbens, akar (roots), Africa: Ivory Coast
Jayaprakash 1978a; Cynodon dactylon (bermuda bibit (seedlings, Asia: India
Heteroderidae; grass, rumput bermuda), micropropagate
rice cyst nematoda, paddy cyst Musa spp. (pisang, banana), d plants),
nematode Musa paradisiaca (pisang, kormus
plantain), Oryza sativa (corms), media
(padi, paddy, rice), Urochloa tanam yang
decumbens (signal grass) melekat pada
tanaman
(growing media
associated with
plants), tanah
(soil)
21. Heterodera sacchari Luc & Merny, I Axonopus compressus akar (roots), Africa: Benin, Burkina
1963; (carpet grass), Cynodon bibit (seedlings, Faso, Chad, Congo,
Heteroderidae; dactylon (Bermuda grass, micropropagate Ivory Coast, Gambia,
sugarcane cyst nematode rumput bermuda), d plants), media Ghana, Liberia,
Echinochloa colona tanam yang Nigeria, Senegal
(junglerice), Eleusine indica melekat pada Asia: India, Pakistan,
(goose grass), Nicotiana tanaman Thailand
- 296 -

COMMON NAME)
tabacum (tembakau, (growing media
tobacco), Oryza sativa associated with
(padi, paddy, rice), plants), tanah
Paspalum conjugatum (sour (soil), umbi
paspalum), Saccharum (bulbs, tubers,
officinarum (tebu, corms,
sugarcane), Saccharum rhizomes)
spontaneum (wild
sugarcane), Urochloa
brizantha (palisadegrass),
maize)
22. Heterodera schachtii A. Schmidt, 1871; I Alliaria petiolata (garlic akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Cape
(Syn. Heterobolbus schachtii (Schmidt, mustard), Alyssum batang di atas Verde, Canary Islands,
1871) Railliet, 1896, Heterodera argentium, Amaranthus tanah (stems Egypt, Gambia, Libya,
schachtii minor O. Schmidt, 1930, spp., Amaranthus carneus, (above ground), Morocco, Senegal,
Tylenchus schachtii (Schmidt, 1871) Amaranthus caudatus shoots, trunks, South Africa, Tunisia
Oerley, 1880); (Love-lies-bleeding), branches), bibit America: Canada,
Heteroderidae; Amaranthus graecizans (seedlings, Chile, Mexico, Peru,
beet cyst eelworm, sugar beet (prostrate pigweed), micropropagate USA, Uruguay
nematode Amaranthus hybridus d plants) media Asia: Azerbaijan,
(smooth pigweed), tanam yang China, Iran, Iraq,
Amaranthus palmeri melekat pada Israel, Japan, Jordan,
(Palmer amaranth), tanaman Kazakhstan,
Amaranthus quitensis, (growing media Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan,
- 297 -

COMMON NAME)
Apium dulce, Arabis spp., associated with Syria, Turkey
Arabis alpina, Arabis plants), tanah Europe: Albania,
arenosa, Arabis caucasica (soil), umbi Austria, Belgium,
(snow-in-summer), Arabis (bulbs, tubers, Bulgaria, Bosnia and
hirsuta (hairy rock-cress corms, Herzegovina, Croatia,
(UK)), Arabis muralis, Arabis rhizomes) Czech Republic,
perfoliata, Arabis turrita Denmark, Estonia,
(tower rockcress), Arabis Finland, France,
verna, Armoracia rusticana Germany, Greece,
(horseradish), Atriplex spp., Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Atriplex confertifolia Latvia, Moldova,
(shadscale saltbush), Montenegro,
Atriplex hastata, Atriplex Netherlands, North
hortensis (garden orache), Macedonia, Poland,
Atriplex littoralis (grass- Portugal, Romania,
leaved orache), Atriplex Russian Federation
patula (common orache), Serbia, Slovakia,
Atriplex rosea (red orach Slovenia, Spain,
(USA)), Aubrieta spp. Sweden, Switzerland,
(rainbow rock-cress), United Kingdom,
Aubrieta columnae, Alyssum Ukraine
argentium, Beta spp., Beta Oceania: Australia,
atriplicifolia, Beta New Zealand
corolliflora, Beta foliosa,
Beta intermedia, Beta
- 298 -

COMMON NAME)
lomatogona, Beta
macrocarpa, Beta
macrorhiza, Beta nana, Beta
patellaris, Beta trigyna,
Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot),
Beta vulgaris subsp.
maritima (sea beet (UK)),
Beta vulgaris var.
saccharifera (bit gula, sugar
beet), Brassica spp.,
Brassica cernua, Brassica
juncea var. juncea (Indian
mustard), Brassica napus
var. napobrassica (swede),
Brassica napus var. napus
(rape), Brassica nigra (black
mustard), Brassica oleracea
(cabbages, cauliflowers),
Brassica oleracea var.
viridis (collards), Brassica
rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip
rape), Chenopodium
(goosefoot), Dianthus spp.,
Dianthus barbatus (sweet
williams), Dianthus
- 299 -

COMMON NAME)
caryophyllus (carnation),
Dianthus deltoides (maiden
pink), Dianthus plumarius
(common pink), Fallopia
convolvulus (black
bindweed), Gypsophila
acutifolia, Gypsophila
elegans (baby's breath),
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy,
rice), Phaseolus vulgaris
Phytolacca acinosa (Indian
pokeweed), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea),
Polygonum spp., Polygonum
convolvulus (black
bindweed), Portulaca
oleracea (purslane),
Raphanus maritimus,
Raphanus raphanistrum
(wild radish), Raphanus
Rheum hybridum (rhubarb),
Rorippa amphibia (great
yellowcress), Rorippa
- 300 -

COMMON NAME)
islandica (yellow
marshcress), Rumex spp.,
Rumex acetosa (sour dock),
Rumex acetosella (sheep's
sorrel), Rumex alpinus
(alpine dock), Rumex
hydrolapathum (water
dock), Rumex maritimus
(golden dock), Rumex
palustris, Rumex patienta,
Rumex sanguineus (red-
veined dock), Saponaria
ocymoides (rock soapwort),
Saponaria officinalis
(soapwort), Sesbania
exaltata (coffeebean (USA)),
Sesbania macrocarpa,
Silene armeria (garden
catchfly), Silene maritima,
Silene nutans (nottingham
catchfly (UK)), Silene
quadrifida, Silene saxifraga,
Sinapis arvensis (wild
mustard), Sinapis eruca,
Sisymbrium spp.,
- 301 -

COMMON NAME)
Sisymbrium austriacum,
Sisymbrium irio,
Sisymbrium loeselii,
Sisymbrium officinale
(Hedge mustard),
Sisymbrium orientale
(eastern rocket (UK)),
Solanum sarrachoides
(green nightshade (UK)),
Spinacia glabra, Spinacia
oleracea (spinach), Stellaria
Tetragonia tetragonioides
(New Zealand spinach),
Thlaspi arvense (field
pennycress), Tropaeolum
perigrinum, turfgrasses,
Vaccaria hispanica (bladder
soapwort), Vicia
benghalensis (purple vetch),
Vigna spp. (buncis,
cowpea), Vigna catjang
23. Heterodera trifolii Goffart; I Beta vulgaris var. akar (roots), Africa: Tunisia
Heteroderidae; saccharifera (bit gula, sugar bibit (seedlings, America: Argentina,
clover cyst nematode, clover cyst beet), Dianthus caryophyllus micropropagate Canada, Chile,
- 302 -

COMMON NAME)
eelworm (anyelir, carnation), d plants), Colombia, USA
Fabaceae, media tanam Asia: Georgia, India,
Poaceae (grasses), Solanum yang melekat Iran, Israel, Japan,
tuberosum (kentang, pada tanaman Kazakhstan,
potato), Trifolium spp. (growing media Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
(clovers), Trifolium pratense associated with Turkmenistan,
(purple clover), Trifolium plants), tanah Uzbekistan
repens (white clover) (soil), umbi Europe: Armenia,
(bulbs, tubers, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
corms, Belgium, Bulgaria,
rhizomes) Denmark, Estonia,
France, Germany,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Netherlands,
Poland, Russian
Federation, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
24. Heterodera vigni Edward & Misra, I Cajanus cajan (kacang akar (roots), Africa: Egypt
1968; gude, pigeon pea), media tanam Asia: India, Myanmar,
(Syn. Heterodera cajani Koshy, 1967); Crotalaria juncea yang melekat Pakistan
Heteroderidae; (cascavelle), Cyamopsis pada tanaman
- 303 -

COMMON NAME)
cowpea cyst nematode, pigeon pea cyst tetragonoloba (guar bean), (growing media
nematode Lablab purpureus (banner associated with
bean), Phaseolus vulgaris plants), tanah
(buncis, common bean), (soil)
pea), Rhynchosia, Sesamum
indicum (wijen, sesame),
Sesamum malabaricum,
Sesbania cannabina
(corkwood tree), Vigna spp.
(buncis, cowpea), Vigna
aconitifolia (moth bean),
Vigna mungo (black gram),
Vigna radiata (kacang hijau,
mungbean), Vigna
unguiculata (cowpea), Vigna
sinensis (kacang panjang,
cowpea), Vigna cylindrica
(kacang tunggak, long bean)
25. Heterodera zeae Koshy et al., 1971; I Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Egypt
Heteroderidae; Hordeum vulgare (barli, bibit (seedlings, America: USA
corn cyst nematode barley), Oryza sativa (padi, micropropagate Asia: Afghanistan,
paddy, rice), Poaceae d plants), media India, Iran, Iraq, Nepal,
(grasses), Setaria italica tanam yang Pakistan, Thailand
(foxtail millet), Sorghum melekat pada Europe: Greece,
- 304 -

COMMON NAME)
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), tanaman Portugal
Sorghum sudanense (Sudan (growing media
grass), Triticum aestivum associated with
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays plants), tanah
(jagung, corn, maize), Zea (soil)
mays subsp. mexicana
(teosinte)
26. Hirschmanniella miticausa Bridge, II Colocasia esculenta (talas, akar (roots), Oceania: Papua New
Mortimer & Jackson, 1983; taro) bibit (seedlings), Guinea, Solomon
Pratylenchidae; kormus Islands
miti miti disease (corms), tanah
(soil), umbi
(tubers)
27. Hirschmanniella spinicaudata II Cyperaceae (sedges), akar (roots), Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1944) Luc & Cyperus (flatsedge), bibit Faso, Cameroon,
Goodey; Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall (seedlings/micr Congo Democratic
(Syn. Hirschmannia spinicaudata fringe rush), Juncus opropagated Republic, Ivory Coast,
(Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1944) Luc & (rushes), Oryza plants), media Gambia, Ghana,
Goodey, 1962, Radopholus lavabri Luc, longistaminata (perennial tanam yang Nigeria, Senegal, South
1957, Tylenchorhynchus spinicaudatus wild rice), Oryza sativa melekat pada Africa, Togo, Zambia
Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1944); (padi, paddy, rice), Poaceae tanaman America: Brazil, Costa
Pratylenchidae; (grasses), Saccharum (growing media Rica, Cuba, USA,
rice root tip nematode, root lesion officinarum (tebu, associated with Venezuela
nematode sugarcane), Typha plants), tanah Asia: China, Pakistan
(reedmace) (soil), umbi
- 305 -

COMMON NAME)
(tubers/corms/
rhizomes)
28. Hoplolaimus columbus Sher, 1963; II Cyperus esculentus (yellow akar (roots), Africa: Egypt
(Syn. Basirolaimus colombus (Sher), nutsedge), Cynodon bibit (seedlings/ America: USA,
Hoplolaimus colombuson); dactylon (bermuda grass, micropropagate Trinidad and Tobago
Hoplolaimidae; rumput bermuda), Glycine d plants), media Asia: India, Pakistan
coltuber/Columbia lance nematode max (kedelai, soyabean), tanam yang
Gossypium barbadens melekat pada
(kapas, cotton), Saccharum tanaman
officinarum (tebu, (growing media
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor associated with
(sorgum, sorghum), Triticum plants), stek
aestivum (gandum, wheat), berakar
Zea mays (jagung, corn, (cuttings with
maize) root), tanah
(soil)
29. Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb, 1913) II Diospyros kaki (kesemek, akar (roots), America: USA, Canada
Thorne,1935; persimmon), Arachis bibit Asia: Pakistan
(Syn. Nemonchus galeatus Cobb, 1913, hypogea (kacang tanah, (seedlings/micr
Hoplolaimus coronatus Cobb, 1923, peanut), Brassica oleracea opropagated
Hoplolaimus tylenchiformis Andrassy, var. capitata (kubis, plants), media
1958); cabbage), Bambusa tanam yang
Hoplolaimidae; (bambu, bamboo), Borrichia melekat pada
lance nematode frutescens (sea-oxeye), tanaman
Citrus sinensis (jeruk (growing media
- 306 -

COMMON NAME)
manis, navel orange), associated with
Cynodon dactylon (rumput plants), stek
bermuda, bermuda grass), berakar
Glycine max (kedelai, (cuttings with
soyabean), Gossypium root), tanah
(kapas, cotton), Poa annua (soil)
Poaceae (grasses), Malus
lucerne), Musa (pisang,
banana), Sansevieria
trifasciata (snake plant),
(buffalograss), Trifolium spp.
(clovers), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
30. Hoplolaimus indicus Sher, 1963; II Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Asia: Bangladesh,
(Syn. Basirolaimus arachidis (okra), Abelmoschus media tanam China, India, Iran,
(Maharaju & Das, 1982) Siddiqi, 1986, moschatus (okra, lady’s yang melekat Pakistan
Basirolaimus indicus, Hoplolaimus finger), Anacardium pada tanaman
arachidis (Sher, 1963) Shamsi, 1979, occidentale (cashew nut), (growing media
Hoplolaimus arachidis Maharaju & Arachys hypogaea (kacang associated with
Das, 1982); tanah, peanut), Basella plants), kormus
Hoplolaimidae; spp., Brassica oleracea var. (corms), tanah
- 307 -

COMMON NAME)
lance nematode botrytis (bunga kol, (soil), umbi
cauliflower), Brassica (bulbs, tubers,
oleracea var. capitata rhizomes)
(kubis, cabbage), Cajanus
cajan (kacang gude, pigeon
pea), Capsicum annuum
(cabai besar, paprika, bell
pepper, hot pepper, red
pepper, chili), Capsicum
frutescens (chilli),
Chrysanthemum spp.
(krisan, chrysant), Citrus
jambhiri (rough lemon),
Cucumis sativus
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
(guar bean), Cynodon
dactylon (Bermuda grass),
Eleusine coracana (finger
millet), Gossypium (cotton),
Gossypium barbadens
(kapas, cotton), Ipomoea
potato), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Musa
- 308 -

COMMON NAME)
rice), Pennisetum glaucum
(pearl millet), Pinus
roxburghii (chir pine), Pisum
Poncirus trifoliata (Trifoliate
orange), Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Psidium
spp., Raphanus sativus
(lobak, radish), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Senna siamea
(siamese cassia), Solanum
tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
Solanum tuberosum
Trifolium alexandrinum
(Berseem clover), Triticum
- 309 -

COMMON NAME)
mungbean), Vigna
cylindrica (kacang tunggak,
long bean), Vigna
unguiculata (cowpea), Zea
31. Hoplolaimus pararobustus (Sch. Stek. II Ananas comosus (nanas, akar (roots), Africa: Angola, Burkina
& Teun., 1938) Sher in Coomans, pineapple), Camellia media tanam Faso, Cameroon, DR
1963; sinensis (teh, tea), Carica yang melekat Congo, Egypt, Gambia,
(Syn. Gottholdsteineria pararobusta papaya (pepaya, papaya), pada tanaman Guinea, Ivory Coast,
(Sch. Stek. & Teun., 1938) Andrássy, Citrus, Coffea spp. (kopi, (growing media Kenya, Madagascar,
1958, Hoplolaimus angustulatus coffee), Coffea arabica (kopi associated with Malawi, Mozambique,
Whitehead, 1959, Hoplolaimus arabika, arabica coffee), plants), kormus Namibia, Niger,
capensis Van den Berg & Heyns, 1970, Digitaria abyssinica (East (corms), tanah Nigeria, Réunion,
Hoplolaimus casparus Van den Berg & African couchgrass), (soil), umbi Rwanda, Sao Tome
Heyns, 1970, Hoplolaimus kittenbergeri Dioscorea spp., Elaeis (bulbs, tubers, and Principe, Senegal,
Andrássy, 1961, Hoplolaimus guineensis (kelapa sawit, rhizomes) South Africa,
pararobustus (Sch. Stek. & Teun., oil palm), Eleusine coracana Tanzania, Togo,
1938) Sher, 1963, Hoplolaimus (finger millet), Gossypium Uganda, Zimbabwe
proporicus Goodey, 1957, Rotylenchus hirsutum (bourbon cotton), America: Dominica,
pararobustus (Sch. Stek. & Teun., Mangifera indica (mangga, Grenada, Saint Lucia,
1938) Filipjev & Sch. Stek., 1941, mango), Musa spp. (pisang, Saint Vincent and the
Tylenchorhynchus pararobustus banana), Oryza sativa (padi, Grenadines
Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, paddy, rice), Psidium Asia: China, Pakistan,
1938); guajava (jambu biji, guava), Sri Lanka
- 310 -

COMMON NAME)
Hoplolaimidae; Pueraria phaseoloides
lance nematode (tropical kudzu), Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
cocoa), Triticum aestivum
long bean), Vigna
32. Longidorus attenuatus Hooper, 1961; II Brassica sp., Beta vulgaris akar (roots), Africa: Nigeria
Longidoridae; var. saccharifera (bit gula, stolon (stolons), Europe: Bulgaria,
needle nematode sugar beet), Cucurbita sp. tanah (soil), France, Germany,
(labu, pumpkin), Daucus umbi (bulbs, Italy, Poland, Russian
carota (wortel, carrot), tubers, corms, Federation, Spain,
Fragaria ananassa rhizomes) United Kingdom
Fragaria vesca (wild sebagai vector
strawberry), Hordeum (as a vector):
vulgare (barli, barley), Tomato black
Medicago sativa (alfalfa, ring virus
lucerne), Trifolium sp.
- 311 -

COMMON NAME)
(semanggi, clover), Triticum
sp. (gandum, wheat), Vitis
sp. (anggur, grape)
33. Longidorus caespiticola Hooper; II Fragaria vesca (wild akar (roots), Europe: Western
Longidoridae; strawberry), Rosa spp. media tanam Europe
needle nematode (mawar, rose) yang melekat
pada tanaman
(growing media
associated with
plants), stolon
(stolons), tanah
(soil)
sebagai vector
(as a vector):
Raspberry
ringspot virus,
Cherry leaf roll
virus
34. Longidorus elongatus (de Man, 1876) II Allium spp., Anthemis cotula akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
Micoletzky, 1922; (dog fennel), Apium polong dalam America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Dorylaimus elongates de Man, graveolens (seledri, celery), tanah (pods in Asia: Georgia, India,
1876, Dorylaimus tenuis von Linstow, Arachis hypogaea (kacang the ground), Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
1879, Longidorus menthasolanus tanah, peanut), Avena media tanam Tajikistan, Turkey,
- 312 -

COMMON NAME)
Konicek & Jensen, 1961, Longidorus sativa (oat, oats), Beta yang melekat Uzbekistan, Vietnam
monohystera Altherr, 1953, vulgaris (bit, beetroot), pada tanaman Europe: Austria,
Trichodorus elongatus (de Man, 1876) Brassica oleracea var. (growing media Belgium, Bulgaria,
Filipjev, 1921); capitata (kubis, cabbage), associated with Czech Republic,
Longidoridae; Brassica oleracea var. plants), stolon Denmark, Estonia,
needle nematode, tomato black ring gemmifera (brussels (stolons), tanah Finland, France,
eelworm sprouts), Brassica rapa (soil), umbi Germany, Greece,
subsp. rapa (turnip, turnip), (bulbs, tubers, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Capsella burs-pastoris corms, Latvia, Moldova,
(shepherd's purse), rhizomes) Netherlands, Norway,
Chenopodium album (fat Poland, Portugal,
hen), Chenopodium quinoa sebagai vector Romania, Russian
(quinoa), Dactylis glomerata (as a vector): Federation, Slovakia,
(cocksfoot), Daucus carota Grup Nepovirus Spain, Sweden,
(wortel, carrot), Fallopia Switzerland, United
convolvulus (black Kingdom, Ukraine
bindweed), Ficus carica (fig), Oceania: New Zealand
Fragaria ananassa
strawberry), Hordeum
vulgare (barli, barley),
lettuce), Lolium multiforum
(Italian ryegrass), Lolium
- 313 -

COMMON NAME)
perenne (perennial
ryegrass), Malus domestica
(apel, apple), Medicago
Mentha piperita
(peppermint), Poa annua
Polygonum convolvulus
(black bindweed),
Ranunculus acris (Meadow
buttercup), Raphanus
Ribes nigrum
(blackcurrant), Ribes
rubrum (red currant), Rosa
spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus
idaeus (raspberry), Senecio
vulgaris, Solanum
tomato), Stellaria media
(common chickweed),
Symphytum officinale
(blackwort), Trifolium
pratense (red clover),
- 314 -

COMMON NAME)
Tussilago farfara (Colt's-
foot), Urtica dioica (stinging
nettle), Urtica urens (annual
nettle), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
35. Longidorus leptocephalus Hooper, II Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), akar (roots), Europe: Denmark,
1961; Brassica rapa (turnip), bibit (seedlings, England, Germany,
Longidoridae; Daucus carota (wortel, micropropagate Ireland, Netherlands,
needle nematode carrot), Cerealia, Rosa sp. d plants), media Norway, Poland,
(mawar, rose), Malus tanam yang Russian Federation,
domestica (apel, apple), melekat pada Scotland, Slovenia,
Prunus avium (ceri manis, tanaman Slovakia, Sweden,
sweet cherry), Prunus (growing media United Kingdom
domestica (prem, plum), associated with
Solanum tuberosum plants), stek
(kentang, potato), Tagetes berakar
spp. (marigold), Tulipa sp. (cuttings with
(tulip) root), tanah
(soil), umbi
(bulbs, tubers,
corms,
rhizomes)
sebagai vector
(as a vector):
- 315 -

COMMON NAME)
Raspberry
ringspot virus,
Cherry leaf roll
virus
36. Longidorus macrosoma Hooper, 1961; II Fragaria vesca (wild akar (roots), Europe: Albania,
Longidoridae; strawberry), Prunus avium media tanam Andorra, Armenia,
needle nematode (ceri manis, sweet cherry), yang melekat Austria, Azerbaijan,
Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), pada tanaman Belarus, Belgium,
Vitis vinifera (anggur, (growing media Bosnia and
grapevine) associated with Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
plants), stek Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
berakar Republic, Denmark,
(cuttings with Estonia, Finland,
root), stolon France, Germany,
(stolons), tanah Greece, Hungary,
(soil) Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania,
sebagai vector Luxemburg, Malta,
(as a vector): Republic of Moldova,
Rasberry Monaco, Montenegro,
ringspot virus Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, San
- 316 -

COMMON NAME)
Marino, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
37. Meloidogyne acronea Coetzee 1956; II Arachis hypogaea (kacang akar (roots), Africa: Malawi, South
(Syn. Hypsoperine (Hypsoperine) tanah, peanut), Cajanus bibit (seedlings, Africa
acronea Siddiqi 1986, Hypsoperine cajan (kacang gude, pigeon micropropagate
acronea Sledge and Golden 1964); pea), Cassia spp., Chloris d plants), bibit
Meloidogynidae; gayana (rhodes grass), (seedlings,
African cotton root nematode Croton tiglium (purging micropropagate
croton), Cyamopsis d plants),
tetragonoloba (guar), polong dalam
Eleusine coracana (finger tanah (pods in
millet), Eragrostis spp. the ground),
(lovegrasses), Gossypium media tanam
(cotton), Gossypium yang melekat
barbadens (kapas, cotton), pada tanaman
Gossypium hirsutum (growing media
(bourbon cotton), associated with
Helianthus annuus (bunga plants), tanah
matahari, sunflower), (soil), umbi
Hibiscus sabdariffa (jamaica (bulbs, tubers,
sorrel), Pennisetum glaucum corms,
(pearl millet), Phaseolus rhizomes)
- 317 -

COMMON NAME)
(beans), Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Solanum
tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum), Vigna
spp. (buncis, cowpea)
38. Meloidogyne brevicauda Loos, 1953; II Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), akar (roots), Asia: China, India, Sri
Meloidogynidae; Crocus sativus (kuma- bibit (seedlings, Lanka
Indian root-knot nematode, tea root- kuma, safron, saffron) micropropagate Europe: Azerbaijan
knot nematode d plants), media
tanam yang
melekat pada
tanaman
(growing media
associated with
plants), tanah
(soil), umbi
(bulbs, tubers,
corms,
rhizomes)
39. Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden, O’ II Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Mozambique,
Bannon, Santo & Finley, 1980; Beta vulgaris var. bibit (seedlings, South Africa
Meloidogynidae; saccharifera (bit gula, sugar micropropagate America: Argentina,
- 318 -

COMMON NAME)
Columbia root-knot nematode beet), Chenopodium quinoa d plants), media Mexico, USA
(quinoa), Daucus carota tanam yang Asia: Turkey
(wortel, carrot), Hordeum melekat pada Europe: Belgium,
vulgare (barli, barley), tanaman France, Germany,
Medicago sativa (alfalfa, (growing media Italy, Netherlands,
lucerne), Phaseolus vulgaris associated with Portugal, Sweden
(buncis, common bean), plants), tanah
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet (soil), umbi
pea), Poaceae (grasses), (bulbs, tubers,
Scorzonera hispanica (oyster corms,
plant), Solanum rhizomes)
tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Triticum aestivum
spp. (buncis, cowpea), Zea
40. Meloidogyne coffeicola Lordello & II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), akar (roots), America: Brazil
Zamith, 1960; Coffea arabica (kopi bibit dengan
(Syn. Meloidodera coffeicola (Lordello & arabika, arabica coffee), media tanam
Zamith, 1960) Kir'yanova, 1963); Coffea canephora (kopi (seedlings with
Meloidogynidae; robusta, robusta coffee), growing media),
coffee root-knot nematode Coffea liberica (Liberian tanah (soil)
coffee tree), Eupatorium
- 319 -

COMMON NAME)
(Asteraceae)
41. Meloidogyne decalineata Whitehead; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), akar (roots), Africa: Sao Tome and
Meloidogynidae; Coffea arabica (kopi bibit (seedlings, Principe, Tanzania
African coffee root-knot nematode arabika, arabica coffee), micropropagate
Coffea canephora (kopi d plants), media
robusta, robusta coffee) tanam yang
melekat pada
tanaman
(growing media
associated with
plants), tanah
(soil)
42. Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi, 1892; II Allium ascalonicum (bawang akar (roots), America: Bolivia,
(Syn. Heterodera exigua (Goeldi, 1892) merah, shallot), Allium cepa bibit (seedlings, Brazil, Chile,
Marcinowski, 1909); (bawang bombay, onion), micropropagate Colombia, Costa Rica,
Meloidogynidae; Bidens pilosa (blackjack), d plants), media Dominican Republic,
coffee root-knot nematode, Brazilian Capsicum annuum (cabai tanam yang El Salvador, French
pyroid coffee nematode, root-knot besar, paprika, bell pepper, melekat pada Guiana, Guadeloupe,
nematode hot pepper, red pepper, tanaman Guatemala, Guyana,
chili), Citrullus vulgaris (growing media Honduras, Martinique,
(semangka, watermelon), associated with Nicaragua, Puerto
Citrus, Citrus aurantium plants), kormus Rico, Peru, Suriname,
(jeruk nipis, lime), Coffea (corms), stek Trinidad and Tobago,
spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea berakar Venezuela
arabica (arabica coffee), (cuttings with Asia: Turkey
- 320 -

COMMON NAME)
Coffea eugenioides, Cucumis root), umbi
sativus (mentimun, (bulbs, tubers,
cucumber), Cyphomandra rhizomes)
betacea (tree tomato),
Ipomoea acuminata,
Miconia, Musa (banana),
rice), Pilea, Poncirus
trifoliata (Trifoliate orange),
(tebu, sugarcane), Solanum
Stachys arvensis
(staggerweed)
43. Meloidogyne fallax Karssen, 1996; II Arachis hypogea (kacang akar (roots), America: USA
(Syn. Meloidogyne chitwoodi (Baexem) tanah, peanut), Asparagus bibit (seedlings, Europe: Belgium,
B Type van Maggelen et al., 1994); officinalis (asparagus), Beta micropropagate France, Germany,
Meloidogynidae; vulgaris (bit, beetroot), Beta d plants), media Netherlands,
false Columbia root-knot nematode vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (bit, tanam yang Switzerland, United
beetroot), Chenopodium melekat pada Kingdom
album (lambsquarters), tanaman Oceania: Australia,
Cynara scolynus, Cynara (growing media New Zealand
cardunculus var. scolymus associated with
- 321 -

COMMON NAME)
(globe artichoke), Dahlia plants), tanah
spp. (dahlia), Daucus carota (soil), umbi
(wortel, carrot), Fragaria (bulbs, tubers,
sp., Fragaria ananassa corms,
(stroberi, strawberry), rhizomes)
Hemerocallis sp. (daylily),
lettuce), Lamprocapnos
spectabilis (bleeding heart),
Lolium sp., Lolium perenne
subsp. multiforum (ryegrass,
Italian ryegrass), Medicago
Oenothera biennis, Oenother
glazioviana (primrose),
Phacelia tenacetifolia (lacy
phacelia), Scorzonera
hispanica (oyster plant),
Sinapsis alba (mustard),
nigrum (leunca, black
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Trifolium repens
- 322 -

COMMON NAME)
(white clover), Triticum sp.,
wheat), Triticum durum,
turfgrasses, Zea mays
44. Meloidogyne minor Karssen et al.; II Agrostis stolonifer (creeping akar (roots), America: USA
Meloidogynidae bentgrass), Solanum tanah (soil), Europe: Belgium,
lycopersicum (tomat, umbi (tubers, Ireland, Netherlands,
tomato), Solanum corms, United Kingdom
tuberosum (kentang, potato) rhizomes)
45. Meloidogyne naasi Franklin, 1965; II Beta vulgaris var. akar (roots), Africa: Libya
Meloidogynidae; sacchraifera (bit gula, sugar bibit dengan America: Argentina,
barley root-knot nematode beet), Cerealea, Glycine max media tanam Canada, Chile, USA
(kedelai, soyabean), (seedlings with Asia: Iran
Hordeum vulgare (barli, growing media), Europe: France,
barley), Trifolium repens tanah (soil), Hungary, Belgium,
(white clover), Triticum umbi (tubers, Czech Republic,
aestivum (gandum, wheat), corms, France, Germany,
turfgrasses rhizomes) Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Malta, Netherlands,
Poland, Serbia, United
Kingdom
46. Meloidogyne oteifae Elmiligy, 1968; II Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), akar (roots), Africa: Angola, DR
Meloidogynidae; Peuraria spp. bibit dengan Congo
- 323 -

COMMON NAME)
root-knot nematode media tanam
(seedlings with
growing media),
tanah (soil)
47. Meloidogyne thailandica Handoo, II Zingiber officinale (jahe, akar (roots), Asia: Thailand
Skantar, Carta, & Erbe 2005; ginger) bagian
Meloidogynidae; tanaman (plant
root-knot nematode part), batang
bawah
(rootstock),
tanah (soil)
48. Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne, 1935) II Amaranthus (amaranth), akar (roots), Africa: Egypt
Thorne & Allen, 1944; Amaranthus hybridus bibit America: Argentina,
(Syn. Anguillulina aberrans Thorne, (bayam, spinach), Atriplex (seedlings/micr Bolivia, Chile,
1935, Nacobbus batatiformis Thorne & confertifolia (shadscale opropagated Ecuador, Mexico, Peru,
Schuster, 1956, Nacobbus bolivianus saltbush), Beta vulgaris (bit, plants), media USA
Lordello, Zamith & Boock, 1961, beetroot), Beta vulgaris var. tanam yang Europe: Italy,
Nacobbus serendipiticus Franklin, saccharifera (bit gula, sugar melekat pada Netherlands, Russian
1959, Nacobbus serendipiticus beet), Brassica napus var. tanaman Federation, United
bolivianus Lordello, Zamith & Boock, napobrassica (swede), (growing media Kingdom
1961, Pratylenchus aberrans (Thorne, Brassica nigra (black associated with
1935) Filipjev, 1936); mustard), Brassica nigra plants), stek
Pratylenchidae; (black mustard), Brassica berakar
false root-knot nematode, potato oleracea (cabbages, (cuttings with
rosery nematode cauliflowers), Brassica root), tanah
- 324 -

COMMON NAME)
oleracea var. capitata (soil), umbi
(kubis, cabbage), Brassica (bulbs, tubers,
oleracea var. botrytis (bunga corms,
kol, cauliflower), Brassica rhizomes)
oleracea var. gemmifera
(brussels sprouts), Brassica
oleracea var. gongylodes
(kohlrabi), Brassica oleracea
var. italica (brokoli,
broccoli), Brassica oleracea
var. viridis (collards),
Brassica rapa subsp.
pekinensis (petsai),
Capsicum annuum (cabai,
paprika, bell pepper, hot
pepper, red pepper, chili),
Chenopodium album (fat
hen), Chenopodium quinoa
(quinoa), Cucumis sativus
Cucurbita maxima (giant
pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo
(labu kuning, zukini,
zucchini), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Gaillardia
- 325 -

COMMON NAME)
spp., Kochia spp., Lactuca
Opuntia spp. (pricklypear),
pea), Solanum lycopersicum
melongena (terung,
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sisymbrium irio
(london rocket), Spergula
arvensis (corn spurry),
Spinacia oleracea (spinach),
Tribulus terrestris (puncture
vine), Tragopogon porrifolius
(oysterplant), Ullucus
tuberosus (ulluco)
49. Paratrichodorus porosus (Allen, 1957) II Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
Siddiqi, 1974; (okra, okra), Acer palmatum bibit America: Brazil, Chile,
(Syn. Trichodorus porosus (Allen, 1957) (Japanese maple), Allium (seedlings/micr Costa Rica, USA
Siddiqi, 1980, Paratrichodorus cepa (bawang bombay, opropagated Asia: China, India,
(Atlantadorus) porosus (Allen, 1957) onion), Allium sativum plants), kormus Iran, Japan, Republic
Siddiqi, 1974, Trichodorus bucrius (bawang putih, garlic), (corms), media of Korea (South Korea),
- 326 -

COMMON NAME)
Lordello & Zamith, 1958, Trichodorus Aphananthe aspera (muku), tanam yang Sri Lanka, Uzbekistan,
porosus Allen, 1957); Aucuba japonica (Japanese melekat pada Vietnam
Trichodoridae; aucuba), Bambusa tanaman Europe: Italy, Portugal,
stubby-root nematode tuldoides (punting-pole (growing media Russian Federation
bamboo), Bambusa vulgaris associated with Oceania: Australia,
(bambu, common bamboo), plants), stek Papua New Guinea
Brassica oleracea var. berakar
capitata (kubis, cabbage), (cuttings with
Brassica rapa subsp. root), tanah
chinensis (pak-choi, chinese (soil), umbi
cabbage), Butia (jelly palm), (bulbs, tubers,
Callicarpa japonica rhizomes)
(Japanese callicarpa),
Camellia, Camellia sinensis sebagai vector
(teh, tea), Carpinus (as a vector):
tschonoskii, Castanea Tobravirus
crenata (Japanese
chestnut), Castanopsis
cuspidata (chinkapin),
Casuarina (beefwood),
Casuarina equisetifolia
(casuarina), Celtis sinensis
(Chinese elm),
Cercidiphyllum japonicum
(katsura), Cinnamomum
- 327 -

COMMON NAME)
camphora (camphor laurel),
Camellia, Citrus jambhiri
(rough lemon), Citrus limon
(jeruk lemon, lemon), Citrus
reticulata (jeruk mandarin,
(jeruk manis, navel orange),
Citrus x paradisi
(grapefruit), Cleyera
japonica, Cryptomeria
japonica (Japanese cedar),
Cucurbita maxima (giant
pumpkin), Daphniphyllum
macropodum, Dioscorea
(yam), Dioscorea batatas
(Chinese yam), Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus tree), Fatsia
japonica (Japanese aralia),
Ficus carica (fig), Gardenia,
Ginkgo biloba (kew tree),
(kapas, cotton), Hordeum
Idesia polycarpa (idesia),
- 328 -

COMMON NAME)
Ilex crenata (Japanese
holly), Ilex integra (mochi),
Ilex rotunda (kurogane
holly), Juglans regia
(walnut), Juniperus
(junipers), Lagerstroemia
indica (indian crape myrtle),
Ligustrum lucidum (broad-
leaf privet), Lupinus
(lupins), Lycopersicon
peruvianum, Magnolia
hypoleuca (japanese big-
leaved magnolia), Malus
Morus alba (mora), Musa
(pisang, banana), Musa
acuminata (wild banana),
Musa x paradisiaca (pisang
kepok, plantain), Neolitsea
sericea, Olea europaea
subsp. europaea (zaitun,
olive), Persea americana
(avokad, avocado),
Pinopsida (conifers), Pinus
densiflora (Japanese
- 329 -

COMMON NAME)
umbrella pine), Pinus
pseudostrobus var.
pseudostrobus, Pinus
thunbergii (Japanese black
pine), Pittosporum tobira
(Japanese pittosporum),
orange), Prunus armeniaca
cherry), Prunus persica
flowering cherry), Pyrus
amygdaliformis, Pyrus
Quercus acutissima
(sawtooth oak), Quercus
glandulifera (Glandbearing
oak), Quercus salicina,
Rhododendron (azalea),
Rhododendron indicum
(satsuki azalea), Rosa
- 330 -

COMMON NAME)
(mawar, roses), Rubus
loganobaccus (loganberry),
(tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum
Tagetes erecta (african
marigold), Tagetes patula
(french marigold), Taxus
cuspidata (japanese yew),
Ternstroemia gymnanthera,
Viburnum odoratissimum,
grapevine), Zea mays
50. Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen, II Commelina benghalensis akar (roots), Africa: Burundi,
1953; (wandering jew), bibit (seedlings, Cameroon, Canary
(Syn. Anguillulina musicola Apud Hyparrhenia rufa (Jaragua micropropagate Island, Egypt,
Goodey, 1932, Tylenchus musicola grass), Leucaena d plants), Ethiopia, Kenya,
Apud Goodey, 1928); leucocephala (leucaena), kormus Rwanda, Tanzania,
Pratylenchidae; Musa spp. (pisang, banana), (corms), media Uganda
banana lesion nematode Musa x paradisiaca tanam yang Asia: China, Pakistan
(plantain), Phaseolus melekat pada Europe: Greece,
vulgaris (buncis, common tanaman Portugal, Spain
bean), Solanum (growing media Oceania: Australia
lycopersicum (tomat, associated with
- 331 -

COMMON NAME)
tomato), Solanum plants), tanah
tuberosum (kentang, (soil), umbi
potato), Sorghum bicolor (bulbs, tubers,
(sorgum, sorghum), rhizomes)
Sesbania grandiflora (turi,
agati), Vigna spp. (kacang
panjang, cowpea), Zea mays
51. Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) II Agropyron cristatum akar (roots), Africa: Morocco, South
Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, (crested wheatgrass), bibit dengan Africa
1941); Brassica oleracea var. media tanam America: Canada,
(Syn. Aphelenchus neglectus Rensch, capitata (kubis, cabbage), (seedlings with Mexico, USA
1924, Aphelenchus neglectus Goffart, Fragaria (stroberi, growing media), Asia: Georgia, Japan,
1927, Tylenchus neglectus Steiner, strawberry), Malus stolon (stolons), Kazakhstan,
1928, Anguillulina neglectus W. domestica (apel, apple), tanah (soil), Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan,
Schneider, 1939, Pratylenchus minyus Medicago sativa (alfalfa, umbi (bulbs, Tajikistan,
Sher & Allen, 1953, Pratylenchus lucerne), Pistacia vera tubers, corms, Turkmenistan,
capitatus Loof, 1978); (pistachio), Solanum rhizomes) Uzbekistan
Pratylenchidae; tuberosum (kentang, Europe: Armenia,
California root lesion nematode, potato), Triticum aestivum Azerbaijan, Belarus,
California meadow nematode (gandum, wheat), Zea mays Croatia, Estonia,
(jagung, corn, maize) Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Poland, Russian
Federation, Spain,
- 332 -

COMMON NAME)
UkraineOceania:
Australia
52. Pratylenchus scribneri Steiner, 1943; II Fragaria vesca (wild akar (roots), Africa: Cameroon
Pratylenchidae; strawberry), Gossypium stolon (stolons), America: Argentina,
lesion nematode barbadens (kapas, cotton), stek berakar Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Hippeastrum spp. (amarilis, (cuttings with Colombia, Ecuador,
amaryllis). Malus domestica root), tanah Guyana, Mexico,
(apel, apple), Mentha (soil), umbi Paraguay, Peru,
spicata (spear mint), (bulbs, tubers, Suriname, Uruguay,
Parthenium argentatum corms, USA, Venezuela
(guayule), Solanum rhizomes) Asia: India, Israel,
tuberosum (kentang, Japan, Pakistan,
potato), Sorghum halepense Turkey
(Johnson grass), Zea mays Europe: Bulgaria, Italy,
(jagung, corn, maize) Sweden
53. Pratylenchus thornei Sher. & Allen, II Agrostis spp. (bentgrasses), akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Canary
1953; Allium cepa (onion), Allium batang (stems Islands, Egypt, Kenya,
Pratylenchidae; ascalonicum (bawang (above ground), Libya, Malawi,
Thorne's root lesion nematode merah, shallot), Apium shoots, trunks, Morocco, South Africa,
graveolens (seledri, celery), branches), bibit Sudan, Tunisia
Arachys hypogaea (kacang (seedlings, America: Argentina,
tanah, peanut), Avena micropropagate Canada, Chile, Mexico,
sativa (oat, oats), Beta d plants), kulit USA, Venezuela
vulgaris (bit, beetroot), kayu (bark), Asia: Afghanistan,
- 333 -

COMMON NAME)
Brassica oleracea polong dalam India, Iran, Israel,
(cabbages, cauliflowers), tanah (pods in Japan, Jordan,
Brassica oleracea var. the ground), Pakistan, Republic of
capitata (kubis, cabbage), stolon (stolons), Korea (South Korea),
Brassica oleracea var. stek berakar Saudi Arabia, Syria,
botrytis (bunga kol, (cuttings with Tajikistan, Turkey
cauliflower), Cicer arietinum root), tanah Europe: Belgium,
(kacang arab, chickpea), (soil), umbi Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Citrullus lanatus (bulbs, tubers, Herzegovina, Croatia,
(semangka, watermelon), corms, Cyprus, Denmark,
Cupressus spp. (cypresses), rhizomes) Germany, Greece,
Cynara cardunculus var. Italy, Montenegro,
scolymus (globe artichoke), North Macedonia,
Cynara scolymus Netherlands, Poland,
(artichoke), Daucus carota Portugal, Romania,
(wortel, carrot), Fabaceae Russian Federation,
(leguminous plants), Spain, Serbia,
Fragaria ananassa Slovenia, Slovakia,
(strawberry), Fragaria vesca United Kingdom
(wild strawberry), Glycine Oceania: Australia
barley), Iberis spp.
(candytuft), Juglans regia
(walnut), Lathyrus odoratus
- 334 -

COMMON NAME)
(sweet pea), Lens culinaris
subsp. culinaris (lentil),
Lens esculenta (lentil),
lucerne), Mentha piperita
(peppermint), Mentha
spicata (spear mint),
Phaseolus vulgaris (common
bean), Pinus (pines), Pinus
merkusii (tusam, pinetree),
pea), Poaceae (grasses),
Prunus spp. (stone fruit),
Prunus amygdalus (badam,
almond), Prunus dulcis
(badam, almond), Quercus
spp. (oak), Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
(sorgum, sorghum),
Trifolium spp. (semanggi),
- 335 -

COMMON NAME)
(Berseem clover), Trifolium
fragiferum (strawberry
clover), Trifolium repens
(white clover), Triticum
aestivum (wheat), Triticum
Triticum turgidum (durum
wheat), Vicia faba (faba
bean), Vigna cylindrica
(kacang tunggak, long
bean), Vigna unguiculata
(cowpea), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Vigna
spp. (kacang panjang,
cowpea), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
54. Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, II Actinidia arguta (tara vine), akar (roots), Africa: Cameroon,
1951; Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, batang (stems Egypt, Kenya, Rѐunion
Pratylenchidae; kiwi fruit), Araucaria (above ground), America: Argentina,
walnut root lesion nematode; root araucana (monkey puzzle), shoot, trunks, Brazil, Cuba, Canada,
lesion nematode; meadow nematode Bambusa sp. (bambu, branches), bibit USA, Uruguay
bamboo), Berberis (seedlings, Asia: China, Georgia,
thunbergii (Japanese micropropagate India, Iran, Israel,
barberry), Brassica oleracea d plants), kulit Japan, DPR Korea
var. capitata (kubis, kayu (bark), (North Korea),
- 336 -

COMMON NAME)
cabbage), Buxus media tanam Kyrgyzstan,
sempervirens (common yang melekat Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
boxwood), Carya pada tanaman Philippines, Republic
illinoinensis (pecan), Citrus (growing media of Korea (South Korea),
aurantium (sour orange), associated with Sri Lanka, Tajikistan,
Citrus sinensis (jeruk plants), polong Turkmenistan,
manis, navel orange), Citrus dalam tanah Uzbekistan
x paradisi (grapefruit), (pods in the Europe: Armenia,
Coffea (coffee), Corylus ground), stolon Azerbaijan, Belarus,
avellana (hazel), (stolons), stek Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cotoneaster horizontalis berakar Denmark, Estonia,
(wall-spray), Crotalaria (cuttings with Finland, France,
juncea (sunn hemp), root), tanah Germany, Greece,
Crotalaria spectabilis (soil), umbi Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
(Showy rattlepod), Cydonia (bulbs, tubers, Moldova, Netherlands,
oblonga (quince), Cytisus corms, Norway, Poland,
scoparius (broom), Daucus rhizomes) Russian Federation,
carota (wortel, carrot), Spain, Slovenia, United
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), Kingdom , Ukraine
Ficus carica (ara), Forsythia Oceania: Australia,
intermedia (Golden bells), New Zealand
Fragaria ananassa
Gossypium hirsutum
(bourbon cotton),
- 337 -

COMMON NAME)
Hedera helix (ivy), Impatiens
balsamina (garden balsam),
Juglans hindsii (californian
black walnut), Juglans
major (arizona walnut),
Juglans microcarpa (River
walnut tree), Juglans nigra
(black walnut), Juglans
regia (walnut), Juniperus
chinensis (Chinese juniper),
Lathyrus odoratus (sweet
pea), Ligustrum ovalifolium
(california privet), Lilium
longiflorum (Easter lily),
Lilium speciosum (Showy
lily), Lotus corniculatus
(bird's-foot trefoil), Mahonia
(holly grape), Malus
sylvestris (crab-apple tree),
lucerne), Melilotus albus
(honey clover), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Olea europaea
- 338 -

COMMON NAME)
subsp. europaea (zaitun,
olive), Papaver somniferum
(opium poppy), Persea
americana (avokad,
avocado), Phaseolus lunatus
bean), Pinus koraiensis
(fruit pine), Pistacia vera
(pistachio), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea), Prunus
amygdalus (badam,
almond), Prunus armeniaca
avium (ceri manis, sweet
cherry), Prunus besseyi
(bessey cherry), Prunus
cerasifera (myrobalan
plum), Prunus domestica
(prem, plum), Prunus dulcis
(badam, almond), Prunus
mahaleb (mahaleb cherry),
Prunus persica (persik,
peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Pterocarya
- 339 -

COMMON NAME)
stenoptera (chinese wing
nut), Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), Rosa (roses), Rosa
canina (dog rose), Rosa
chinensis (China rose), Rosa
Rubus (blackberry,
raspberry), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry), Sequoia
sempervirens (coast
redwood), Taxus baccata
(English yew), Taxus
chinensis, Vicia
benghalensis (purple vetch),
Vicia faba (kacang babi,
broad bean), Vigna catjang,
Vitis rupestris (sand-grape),
Vitis vinifera (grapevine),
maize)
55. Punctodera punctata (Thorne) Mulvey I Agrostis capillaris (brown akar (roots), Africa: Ivory Coast,
& Stone, 1976; bentgrass), Agrostis bibit (seedlings, Morocco
(Syn. Heterodera punctata Thorne, stolonifera (creeping micropropagate America: Argentina,
1928); bentgrass), Agrostis d plants), media Canada, Chile, Cuba,
Heteroderidae; stolonifera var. palustris tanam yang Dominica, Guyana,
- 340 -

COMMON NAME)
grass cyst nematode, grass cyst (bent grass), Avena sativa melekat pada Mexico, Puerto Rico,
eelworm (oat, oats), Festuca rubra tanaman USA
(red fescue), Hordeum (growing media Asia: Israel, Japan
vulgare (barli, barley), associated with Europe: Austria,
Lolium perenne (perennial plants), stek Belgium, Bosnia and
ryegrass), Poa annua berakar Herzegovina, Czech
(annual meadowgrass), Poa (cuttings with Republic, Croatia,
pratensis (smooth-stalked root), stolon Denmark, Estonia,
meadowgrass), Rosa spp. (stolons), tanah Finland, France,
(mawar, rose), Triticum (soil) Germany, Greece,
aestivum (gandum, wheat), Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
turfgrasses Latvia, Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Poland, Portugal,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
United Kingdom,
Ukraine
56. Radopholus citrophilus Huettel, II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange) akar (roots), Africa: Ivory Coast
Dickson & Kaplan, 1984; bibit (seedlings, America: Cuba,
(Syn. Radopholus similis citrus race); micropropagate Dominica, Puerto Rico,
Pratylenchidae; d plants), media Guyana, USA
- 341 -

COMMON NAME)
burrowing nematode, spreading tanam yang
decline of citrus melekat pada
tanaman
(growing media
associated with
plants), stek
berakar
(cuttings with
root), tanah
(soil)
57. Scutellonema bradys (Steiner & Le II Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Africa: Benin, Burkina
Hew, 1933) Andrassy, 1958; (okra), Abelmoschus bibit (seedlings, Faso, Cameroon, Ivory
(Syn. Anguillulina bradys (Steiner & Le moschatus (okra, lady’s micropropagate Coast, Gambia, Ghana,
Hew, 1933) T. Goodey, 1975, finger), Ananas comosus d plants), media Guinea, Kenya, Mali,
Hoplolaimus bradys Steiner & Le Hew, (nenas, pineapple), Cajanus tanam yang Nigeria, Senegal,
1933, Rotylenchus blaberus Steiner, cajan (kacang gude, pigeon melekat pada Sudan, Tanzania, Togo
1937, Rotylenchus bradys (Steiner & pea), Catharanthus roseus tanaman America: Barbados,
Le Hew, 1933) Filipjev, 1936, (Madagascar periwinkle), (growing media Brazil, Costa Rica,
Scutellonema blaberum (Steiner, 1937) Celosia argentea (celosia associated with Cuba, Dominica,
Andrássy, 1958, Scutellonema argentea), Cocos nucifera plants), tanah Dominican Republic,
dioscorea Lordello, 1959); (kelapa, coconut), Corchorus (soil), umbi Guadeloupe,
Hoplolaimidae; olitorius (jute), Dioscorea (bulb, tubers, Guatemala, Haiti,
yam dry rot nematode, yam nematode spp. (yam), Dioscorea alata corms, Jamaica, Martinique,
(white yam), Dioscorea rhizomes) Puerto Rico, Trinidad
bulbifera (air potato), and Tobago, USA,
- 342 -

COMMON NAME)
Dioscorea cayenensis Venezuela
(Guinea yam), Dioscorea Asia: India, Pakistan
esculenta (Asiatic yam),
Dioscorea rotundata,
Dioscorea trifida (cushcush
yam), Hibiscus cannabinus
(kenaf), Hibiscus sabdariffa
(jamaica sorrel), Luffa
acutangula (gambas, angled
loofa), Luffa aegyptiaca
(loofah), Manihot esculenta
(ubi kayu, cassava),
Pachyrhizus erosus
(bangkuang, yam-bean),
Pueraria phaseoloides
(tropical kudzu), Quercus
spp., Sesamum indicum
(wijen, sesame), Solanum
tomato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
Synedrella nodiflora
(synedrella), Urena lobata
(caesar weed), Vigna
- 343 -

COMMON NAME)
long bean), Vigna radiata
(kacang hijau, mungbean),
Vigna unguiculata (cowpea),
maize)
58. Trichodorus similis Seinhorst; II Beta vulgaris var. akar (roots), America: USA
Trichodoridae; saccharifera (bit gula, sugar tanah (soil), Asia: Turkey
stubby root nematode beet), Dioscorea batatas umbi (bulbs, Europe: Belgium,
(chinese yam), Nicotiana tubers, corms, Bulgaria, Czech
tabacum (tembakau, rhizomes) Republic, France,
tobacco), Solanum Germany, Italy,
tuberosum (kentang, sebagai vector Netherlands, Norway,
potato), Sorghum bicolor (as a vector): Poland, Sweden,
(sorgum, sorghum) Grup United Kingdom
Tobravirus
59. Trichodorus viruliferus Hooper, 1963; II Beta vulgaris var. akar (roots), America: USA
Trichodoridae; saccharifera (bit gula, sugar bibit dengan Europe: Belgium,
stubby root nematode beet), Hordeum vulgare media tanam Bulgaria, Czech
(barli, barley), Malus (seedlings with Republic, France,
domestica (apel, apple), growing media), Germany, Hungary,
Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet stek berakar Italy, Netherlands,
pea), Secale cereale (rye), (cuttings with Poland, Slovakia,
Solanum tuberosum root), tanah Slovenia, Spain,
(kentang, potato), Triticum (soil), umbi Sweden, Switzerland,
aestivum (gandum, wheat), (bulbs, tubers, United Kingdom
- 344 -

COMMON NAME)
Vitis vinifera (anggur, corms,
grapevine), Zea mays rhizomes)
sebagai vector
(as a vector):
Pea early
browning virus,
Tobacco rattle
virus
60. Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner, II Agrostis stolonifera var. akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
1937; palustris (bent grass), bibit (seedlings, America: Canada,
(Syn. Tesselus claytoni Jairajpuri & Arachis hypogaea (kacang micropropagate Honduras, USA,
Hunt, 1984); tanah, peanut), Arachniodes d plants), media Asia: Bangladesh,
Dolichodoridae; adiantiformis (leatherleaf tanam yang China, India, Japan,
stunt nematode, tobacco stunt fern), Arctium lappa melekat pada Republic of Korea
nematode (burdock), Aucuba japonica tanaman (South Korea), Turkey
(japanese aucuba), Avena (growing media Europe: Belgium,
sativa (oat, oats), Azaleas, associated with Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Bouteloua curtipendula plants), polong Denmark, Germany,
(Side-oats grama), dalam tanah Italy, Netherlands,
Bouteloua gracilis (blue (pods in the Poland, Switzerland,
grama), Cajanus cajan ground), stek United Kingdom
(kacang gude, pigeon pea), berakar Oceania: Australia
Camellia japonica (camellia), (cuttings with
Chamaecyparis pisifera root), tanah
- 345 -

COMMON NAME)
(sawara false cypress), (soil), umbi
Citrus aurantium (sour (bulbs, tubers,
orange), Citrus aurantium corms,
(sour orange), Citrus limon rhizomes)
(lemon, lemon), Citrus x
paradisi (grapefruit),
Cynodon dactylon (bermuda
grass, rumput bermuda),
Echinochloa colona
(junglerice), Eleusine
coracana (finger millet),
Enkianthus perulatus (white
enkianthus), Erica (heaths),
Festuca (fescues), Festuca
arundinacea (reed fescue),
soyabean), Gossypium sp.
(kapas, cotton), Ipomoea
potato), Litchi chinensis
(leci, lichi), Lolium
(ryegrasses), Medicago
Nandina, Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Olea
- 346 -

COMMON NAME)
europaea subsp. europaea
(zaitun, olive), Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy, rice),
Osmanthus fragrans (sweet
olive), Peony, Photinia
glabra, Picea abies
(common spruce), Pieris
japonica (Lily-of-the-valley
shrub), Pinus echinata
(shortleaf pine), Pinus
elliottii (slash pine), Pinus
palustris (longleaf pine),
pea), Pieris japonica (Lily-of-
the-valley shrub), Poa
pratensis (smooth-stalked
meadowgrass), Poaceae
(grasses), Prunus persica
(persik, peach),
Rhododendron (Azalea),
Rhododendron indicum
(Satsuki azalea),
Rhododendron japonicum
- 347 -

COMMON NAME)
(Japanese azalea),
Rhododendron obtusum
(Kirishima azalea), Rubus
Rubus fruticosus
(blackberry), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Secale cereale
(rye), Solanum lycopersicum
melongena (terong,
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Trifolium
spp. (semanggi), Vaccinium
myrtillus (blueberry), Zea
61. Xiphinema
s americanum Cobb, 1913; II Achras (=Manilkara) zapota akar (roots), Africa: Nigeria, Senegal
(Syn. Tylencholaimus americanus (sawo, sapodilla), Acer bibit (seedlings, America: Argentina,
(Cobb, 1913) Micoletzky, 1922, platanoides (Norway maple), micropropagate Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Xiphinema californicum Lamberti & Acer rubrum (red maple), d plants), media Ecuador, Guatemala,
Bleve-Zacheo, 1979, Xiphinema taylori Agropyron spp., Agropyron tanam yang Mexico, Panama, Peru,
Lamberti et al., 1991); cristatum (crested melekat pada USA, Uruguay,
Xiphinematidae; wheatgrass), Agropyron tanaman Venezuela
American dagger nematode, dagger desertorum (crested (growing media Asia: China, DPR
- 348 -

COMMON NAME)
nematode, tobacco ring spot nematode wheatgrass (USA)), Agrostis associated with Korea (North Korea),
spp., Ambrosia artemisiifolia plants), stek India, Japan,
(common ragweed), berakar Kazakhstan, Oman,
Anethum graveolens (dill), (cuttings with Pakistan, Philippines,
Avena sativa (oat, oats), root), stolon Sri Lanka, Tajikistan,
Bambusa (bamboo), (stolons), tanah Turkey, Uzbekistan
Bambusa tuldoides (soil), umbi Europe: Hungary,
(punting-pole bamboo), (bulbs, tubers, Poland, Russian
Borrichia frutescens (sea- corms, Federation, Spain,
oxeye), Callicarpa americana rhizomes) United Kingdom
(American beautyberry), Oceania: Australia
Chenopodium giganteum sebagai vektor:
(large lambsquarters), Grup Nepovirus
Chenopodium quinoa
(quinoa), Cichorium intybus
(chicory), Citrus spp., Citrus
sinensis (jeruk manis, navel
orange), Cocos nucifera
(kelapa, coconut), Codiaeum
variegatum (croton), Coffea
spp. (kopi, coffee), Coffea
canephora (kopi robusta,
robusta coffee), Cornus
(Dogwood), Cucurbita pepo
- 349 -

COMMON NAME)
zucchini), Cydonia oblonga
(quince), Cynodon dactylon
(Bermuda grass),
Dimocarpus litchii (leci,
lychee), Erigeron annuus
(annual fleabane), Ficus
carica (ara), Fragaria vesca
(wild strawberry), Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Fraxinus
pennsylvanica (downy ash),
Gossypium hirsutum
(bourbon cotton), Grewia
asiatica (phalsa), Juglans
regia (walnut), Linum
usitatissimum (flax), Litchi
chinensis (lichi), Malus
Malus sylvestris (crab-apple
tree), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Medicago
- 350 -

COMMON NAME)
Mentha spp. (mints), Nerium
oleander (oleander),
Nicotiana tabacum
Onobrychis viciifolia
(sainfoin), Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy, rice),
Pennisetum clandestinum
(Kikuyu grass), Petunia
hybrida, Picea spp., Picea
glauca (white spruce), Picea
pungens (blue spruce),
Pinus spp. (pines), Pinus
echinata (shortleaf pine),
Pinus elliottii (slash pine),
Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine),
Pistacia vera (pistachio),
Pittosporum tobira
(Japanese pittosporum),
Plantago spp. (plantain),
Polyphagous (polyphagous),
Poncirus trifoliata (trifoliate
orange), Poncirus trifoliata
- 351 -

COMMON NAME)
(trifoliate orange), Potentilla
(Cinquefoil), Prunus spp.
(stone fruit), Prunus
Prunus avium (ceri manis,
sweet cherry), Prunus
Prunus dulcis (badam,
almond), Prunus persica
salicina (japanese plum),
Psidium guajava (jambu
biji, guava), Quercus
laurifolia (Laurel oak), Rosa
spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus
(tebu, sugarcane), Salix
alba (white willow), Shorea
robusta (sal), Solanum
tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
- 352 -

COMMON NAME)
(sorgum, sorghum),
chickweed), Taraxacum
officinale complex
(dandelion), Tectona grandis
(jati, teak), Thevetia
peruviana (yellow oleander),
Trifolium (clovers), Trifolium
(semanggi, clovers),
(white clover), Ulmus (elms),
Vaccinium spp.
(blueberries), Vaccinium
angustifolium (Lowbush
blueberry), Vaccinium
corymbosum (blueberry),
Vaccinium myrtillus
(blueberry), Vinca minor
(common periwinkle), Vitis
labrusca (fox grape), Vitis
rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis
maize), Zoysia japonica
- 353 -

COMMON NAME)
(zoysia grass)
62. Xiphinema diversicaudatum II Acer pseudoplatanus akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, South
(Micoletzky, 1927) Thorne, 1939; (sycamore), Allium porrum bibit (seedlings, Africa
(Syn. Dorylaimus (Longidorus) (bawang daun, leek), Beta micropropagate America: USA
diversicaudatus Micoletzky, 1927, vulgaris (bit, beetroot), d plants), media Asia: Turkey
Dorylaimus (Longidorus) elongatus Brassica oleracea tanam yang Europe: Austria,
apud Micoletzky, 1923, Longidorus (cabbages, cauliflowers), melekat pada Belgium, Bosnia and
diversicaudatus (Micoletzky, 1927) Brassica oleracea var. tanaman Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Thorne & Swanger, 1936, Xiphinema capitata (kubis, cabbage), (growing media Croatia, Czech
(Diversiphinema) diversicaudatum Brassica oleracea var. associated with Republic, Denmark,
(Micoletzky, 1927) Cohn & Sher, 1972, botrytis (bunga kol, plants), stek France, Germany,
Xiphinema amarantum Macara, 1970, cauliflower), Chamaecyparis berakar Ireland, Italy, North
Xiphinema basiri apud Javed, 1983, lawsoniana (Port Orford (cuttings with Macedonia,
Xiphinema israeliae apud Cohn, 1969, cedar), Chamomilla root), stolon Montenegro, Moldova,
Cohn & Mordechai, 1969, Xiphinema suaveolens (Rounded (stolons), tanah Netherlands, Norway,
paraelongatum Altherr, 1958, chamomile), (soil), umbi Poland, Portugal,
Xiphinema sahelense apud Riffle, Chrysanthemum coronarium (bulbs, tubers, Russian Federation,
1968, 1970, Xiphinema seredouense (garland chrysanthemum), corms, Serbia, Slovenia,
apud Luc, 1958); Crataegus laevigata, rhizomes) Slovakia, Spain,
Xiphinematidae; Cucumis sativus Sweden, Switzerland,
dagger nematode (mentimun, cucumber), sebagai vector Ukraine, United
Daucus carota (wortel, (as a vector): Kingdom
carrot), Fagus sylvatica Grup Nepovirus Oceania: Australia,
(common beech), Fragaria New Zealand
ananassa (stroberi,
- 354 -

COMMON NAME)
excelsior (ash), Hordeum
lettuce), Malus sylvestris
(crab-apple tree), Mentha
arvenis (corn mint), Pisum
Prunus spp., Prunus
Prunus persica (peach),
plum), Prunus spinosa
(blackthorn), Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Rosa
spp. (mawar, rose), Rosa
canina (Dog rose), Rubus
fruticosa (blackberry),
Sambucus nigra (elder),
Senecio vulgaris, Solanum
tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
- 355 -

COMMON NAME)
potato), Trifolium pratense
(purple clover), Tussilago
farfara (Colt's-foot),
Veronica (Speedwell),
Viburnum tinus, Vitis
63. Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950; II Ampelopsis aconitifolia akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Canary
(Syn. Diversiphinema index Thorne & (monkhood-vine), bibit (seedlings, Islands, South Africa,
Allen (Cohn & Sher, 1972); Anacardium occidentale micropropagate Tunisia
Xiphinematidae; (jambu mete, cashew-nut), d plants), media America: Argentina,
dagger nematode, fan-leaf virus Betula (birches), tanam yang Brazil, Chile, Peru,
nematode Chenopodium giganteum melekat pada USA
(large lambsquarters), tanaman Asia: Georgia, India,
Chenopodium quinoa (growing media Iran, Iraq, Israel,
(quinoa), Citrus spp., Citrus associated with Lebanon, Pakistan,
aurantium (jeruk nipis, plants), stek Tajikistan, Turkey,
lime), Cupressus berakar, stolon, Turkmenistan,
pyramidalis, Cydonia tanah (soil), Uzbekistan
oblonga (kwinsi, quince), umbi Europe: Albania,
Fagus silvaticus, Ficus Armenia, Austria,
carica (ara, fig), Gomphrena sebagai vector Azerbaijan, Bosnia and
globosa (Globe amaranth), (as a vector): Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Jasminum officinale, Grup Nepovirus Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Juglans regia (walnut), Republic, France,
Malus domestica (apel, Germany, Greece,
- 356 -

COMMON NAME)
apple), Malus sylvestris Hungary, Italy, North
(crab-apple tree), Morus Macedonia, Malta,
alba (mora), Muscadinia Moldova, Montenegro,
rotundifolia (monkhood- Poland, Portugal,
vine), Nicotiana rustica (wild Romania, Russian
tobacco), Olea europea Federation, Slovakia,
subsp. europea (zaitun, Spain, Switzerland,
olive), Opuntia sp. Serbia, Slovakia,
(pricklypear), Parthenicissus Slovenia, Spain,
tricuspidata, Petunia Ukraine
hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris Oceania: Australia,
(buncis, common bean), New Zealand
Pinus halepensis (aleppo
pine), Pinus sp. (pine),
Pistacia mutica, Pistacia
vera (pistachio), Populus sp.
(poplar), Prunus spp.,
apricot), Prunus armeniaca
(apricot), Prunus avium (ceri
manis, sweet cherry),
plum), Prunus cerrasus
(ceri, cherry), Prunus
- 357 -

COMMON NAME)
Pyrus persica, Quercus
lucombeana, Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Solanum
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Thuja,
Urtica urens (annual nettle),
Vigna spp. (buncis,
cowpea),Vitis spp., Vitis
arizonica (canyon grape
(USA)), Vitis candicans
(Mustang grape), Vitis
rupestris (sand-grape),Vitis
Vitis vinifera X Muscadinia
rotundifolia
64. Xiphinema insigne Loos, 1949; II Citrus, Cocos nucifera akar (roots) Africa: Egypt,
(Syn. Xiphinema indicum Siddiqi, (kelapa, coconut), Lilium sp. Mauritius, Malawi,
1959); (lily), Pennisetum purpureum South Africa
Longidoridae (rumput gajah, elephant America: USA Asia:
grass), Punica granatum China, India, Israel,
(pomegranate),Vitis vinifera Japan, Malaysia,
- 358 -

COMMON NAME)
(anggur, grapevine), Pakistan, Philippines,
Zingiber officinale (jahe, Republic of Korea
ginger) (South Korea), Sri
Lanka, Thailand
65. Xiphinema italiae Meyl., 1953; II Citrus spp., Olea europea akar (roots), Africa: Cameroon,
Xiphinematidae; subsp. europea (zaitun, bibit dengan Egypt, Libya, Nigeria,
dagger nematode olive), Prunus persica media tanam South Africa, Tunisia
(peach), Vitis vinifera (seedlings with Europe: Greece, Italy,
(anggur, grapevine) growing media), Spain
stek berakar
(cuttings with
root), tanah
(soil)
sebagai vector
(as a vector):
Grup Nepovirus
66. Xiphinema radicicola Goodey, 1936; II Zingiber officinale (jahe, akar (roots) America: USA
(Syn. Xiphinema australiae McLeod & ginger) Asia: China, India, Sri
Khair, 1971); Langka
Longidoridae Oceania: Australia
- 359 -
6. GULMA PARASITIK (PARASITIC WEEDS)

COMMON NAME)
1. Alectra fulminensis (Vell.) Stearn; II Saccharum officinarum mengkontamina America: Venezuela
(Syn. Melasma melampyroides Pennell (tebu, sugarcane) si stek berakar,
ex Britton & P. Wilson); stek dengan
Scrophulariaceae: media tanam
sugarcane weed (contaminated
cuttings with
root, cuttings
with growing
media)
2. Alectra orobanchoides Benth.; II Fabaceae (kacang- mengkontamina Africa: Kenya
(Syn. Alectra heyniae (Dinter) Dinter, kacangan, leguminous si biji
Alectra kilimandjarica Hemsl., Alectra plants) (contaminated
kirkii Hemsl., Alectra parviflora (Engl.) true seeds (inc.
Schinz, Alectra parvifolia (Engl.) grain))
Schinz, Alectra welwitschii (Hiern)
Hemsl., Celsia parvifolia Engl.,
Melasma orobanchoides (Benth.) Engl.,
Melasma parviflorum (E.Mey. ex
Steud.) K.Schum., Melasma
welwitschii Hiern, Nigrina
orobanchodes Kuntze, Nigrina
orobanchoides (Benth.) Kuntze,
- 360 -

COMMON NAME)
Orobanche heyniae Dinter, Orobanche
parviflora E. Mey., Orobanche
parviflora E. Mey. ex Steud.,
Pseudorobanche dregeana Rouy,
Sopubia parviflora Engl.);
Scrophulariaceae;
tobacco witchweed
3. Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze; II Fabaceae (kacang- mengkontamina Africa: Algeria, Angola,
(Syn. Alectra arabica Deflers, Alectra kacangan, leguminous si biji Benin, Botswana,
avensis (Benth.) Merr., Alectra barbata plants) (contaminated Burkina Faso,
(Hiern) Melch., Alectra communis true seeds inc. Burundi, Cabo Verde,
Hemsl., Alectra cordata Benth., Alectra grain) Cameroon, Central
dentata (Benth.) Kuntze, Alectra indica African Republic,
Benth., Alectra melampyroides Benth., Chad, Comoros,
Alectra senegalensis Benth., Alectra Congo, DR Congo,
sessiliflora senegalensis (Benth.) Djibouti, Egypt,
Hepper, Alectra sessiliflora. monticola Equatorial Guinea,
(Engl.) Melch., Gerardia sessiliflora Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Vahl, Glossostylis avensis Benth., Gabon, Gambia,
Hymenospermum dentatum Benth., Ghana, Guinea,
Melasma avense (Benth.) Hand.-Mazz., Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
Melasma indicum monticolum Engl., Coast, Kenya, Lesotho,
Melasma sessiliflorum Hiern); Liberia, Libya,
Schropulariaceae; Madagascar, Malawi,
tobacco witchweed, yellow witchweed Mali, Mauritania,
- 361 -

COMMON NAME)
Mauritius, Morocco,
São Tomé and
Príncipe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, South
Africa, South Sudan,
Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Asia: China, India,
Myanmar, Philippines
4. Alectra vogelii Benth.; II Acanthospermum hispidum mengkontamina Africa: Algeria, Angola,
(Syn. Alextra angustifolia Engl. (1922), (bristly starbur), Arachis, si biji Benin, Botswana,
Alextra merkeri Engl. (1922), Alextra Arachis hypogaea (kacang (contaminated Burkina Faso,
scharensis Engl. (1922); tanah, peanut), Glycine max true seeds (inc. Burundi, Cabo Verde,
Schropulariaceae; (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab grain)) Cameroon, Central
cowpea witchweed, yellow witchweed purpureus (hyacinth bean), African Republic,
Mucuna pruriens (velvet Chad, Comoros,
bean), Phaseolus acutifolius Congo, DR Congo,
(tepary bean), Phaseolus Djibouti, Egypt,
coccineus (runner bean), Equatorial Guinea,
Phaseolus radiata, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
- 362 -

COMMON NAME)
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Gabon, Gambia,
common bean), Vigna Ghana, Guinea,
unguiculata (kacang Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
panjang, cowpea), Coast, Kenya, Lesotho,
Voandzeia subterranea Liberia, Libya,
(bambara groundnut) Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Morocco,
São Tomé and
Príncipe, Senegal,
Seychelles, Sierra
Africa, South Sudan,
Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Europe: Switzerland
5. Buchnera hispida (Bunch.-Ham. ex D. II Setaria italic (jewawut, mengkontamina Africa: Southeast
Don); millet), Sorghum bicolor si biji Africa, Madagascar
(Syn. Buchnera browniana Schinz, (sorgum, sorghum) (contaminated Asia: India
Buchnera longifolia Klotzsch, Buchnera true seeds (inc.
macrocarpa A. Rich., Buchnera grain))
- 363 -

COMMON NAME)
schimperiana Hochst. ex A. Rich.,
Striga schimperiana Hochst.);
Orobanchaceae;
karanji, marathi
6. Cuscuta epilinum Weihe; II Linum usitatissimum (Flax, mengkontamina Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Cuscuta densiflora Soyer-Willem., Linseed) si biji Ethiopia, Kenya,
Cuscuta major Koch & Ziz, Cuscuta (contaminated Morocco, South Africa,
vulgaris J. & C. Presl, Epilinella true seeds (inc. Uganda
cuscutoides Pfeiff.); grain)) America: Canada,
Convolvulaceae; South America, USA
flax dodder Asia: Cyprus, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Siberia,
Tazikistan
Europe: Albania,
Andorra, Armenia,
Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
- 364 -

COMMON NAME)
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Malta,
Monaco, Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, San
Marino, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
7. Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. 1774; II Achillea millefolium mengkontamina Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Cuscuta alba C. Presl, Cuscuta (yarrow), Asperula si biji, stek Libya, Morocco, South
barbuvea Samp., Cuscuta epithymum cynanchica (squinancywort), berakar, stek Africa, Tunisia
subsp. trifolii (Bab.) Hegi, Cuscuta Calluna vulgaris (heather), dengan media America: Argentina,
prodanii Buia, Cuscuta stenoloba Daucus carota (wortel, tanam Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Bornm. & O. Schwarz, Cuscuta trifolii carrot), Fabaceae (kacang- (contaminated Colombia, Chile,
Bab. (1843); kacangan, leguminous true seeds (inc. Dominican Republic,
Convolvulaceae; plants), Herbaceous grain), cuttings Ecuador, French
alfalfa dodder (tanaman herba, perdu), with root, Guiana, North
Hormathophylla spinosa, cuttings with America, Paraguay,
Lotus corniculatus (bird's- growing media) Peru, Uruguay, USA,
- 365 -

COMMON NAME)
foot trefoil), Medicago sativa Venezuela
(lucerne), Pteridium Asia: Afghanistan,
esculentum, Thymus Armenia, Azerbaijan,
praecox, Trifolium pratense Georgia, Iran, Israel,
(red clover), Ulex europaeus Japan, Jordan,
(gorse), Ziziphus lotus (wild Kazakhstan, Lebanon,
jujube) Pakistan, Syria,
Turkey, West Asia
Europe: Albania,
Andorra, Armenia,
Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Malta,
Monaco, Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
- 366 -

COMMON NAME)
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, San
Marino, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
8. Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex Schult.; II Apium graveolens (seledri, mengkontamina America: Canada,
(Syn. Cuscuta calyptrata (Engelmann) celery), Herbaceous si biji, umbi, Mexico, USA
Engelmann ex Small, Fl. S.E. U.S. 969. (tanaman herba, perdu), stek berakar, Asia: Georgia
1903., Cuscuta gronovii Willdenow ex Piper nigrum (lada, pepper), stek dengan Europe: Albania,
Schultes, var. calyptrata Engelmann, Solanum tuberosum media tanam Andorra, Armenia,
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 1: 508. (kentang, potato) (contaminated Austria, Azerbaijan,
1859., Cuscuta gronovii Willdenow ex true seeds (inc. Belarus, Belgium,
Schultes, var. saururi (Engelmann) grain), tubers, Bosnia and
MacMillan, Metasp. Minnesota Valley cuttings with Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
430. 1892, nom. illegit., Cuscuta root, cuttings Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
gronovii Willdenow ex Schultes, var. with growing Republic, Denmark,
vulvivaga Engelmann, Trans. Acad. media) Estonia, Finland,
Sci. St. Louis 1: 508. 1859, nom. France, Germany,
inadmiss., Cuscuta saururi Greece, Hungary,
- 367 -

COMMON NAME)
Engelmann, Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 339. Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
1842., Cuscuta vulgivaga Engelmann, Latvia, Lithuania,
Amer. J. Sci. Arts 43: 338. 1842, nom. Luxemburg, Malta,
illegit., Epithymum gronovii (Willdenow Republic of Moldova,
ex Schultes) Nieuwland & Lunell, in Monaco, Montenegro,
Lunell, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 4: 511. Netherlands, North
1916., Grammica gronovii (Willdenow Macedonia, Norway,
ex Schultes) Hadac & Chrtek, Folia Poland, Portugal,
Geobot. Phytotax. 5: 445. 1970., Romania, Russian
Cuscuta gronovii Willdenow ex Federation, San
Schultes, var. latiflora Engelmann, Marino, Serbia,
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 1: 508. Slovakia, Slovenia,
1859.); Spain, Sweden,
Convolvulaceae; Switzerland, Ukraine,
common dodder, scaldweed, swamp United Kingdom
dodder
9. Cuscuta indecora Choisy; II Fabaceae (kacang- mengkontamina Africa: Morocco
Convolvulaceae; kacangan, leguminous si biji America: Argentina,
bigseed alfalfa dodder, thin-vine dodder plants) (contaminated Bolivia, Brazil,
true seeds (inc. Colombia, Chile,
grain)) Dominican Republic,
Ecuador, French
Guiana, North
America, Paraguay,
Peru, Uruguay,
- 368 -

COMMON NAME)
Venezuela
Europe: Greece
10. Cuscuta japonica Choisy, 1854; II Allium cepa (bawang mengkontamina Asia: China, Japan,
(Syn. Cuscuta formosana Hay (1972), bombay, onion), Asparagus si biji, umbi Mongolia, Republic of
Cuscuta systyla Maxim. (1859), officinalis (asparagus, (contaminated Korea (South Korea),
Cuscuta upcraftii H. Pearson (1906), asparagus), Broussonetia true seeds (inc. Taiwan, Vietnam
Mongynella japonica (Choisy) Hadac & papyrifera (paper mulberry), grain), bulbs America: USA
Chrtek. (1970)); Citrus, Citrus maxima (inc. tubers, Europe: Russian
Convolvulaceae; (pummelo), Dimocarpus corms, Federation
dodder seed, Japanese dodder longan (longan tree), rhizomes))
Diospyros kaki (kesemek,
persimmon), Impatiens
Ipomoea cairica (five-
fingered morningglory),
Lantana camara (lantana),
Malus sylvestris (crab-apple
tree), Medicago sativa
(lucerne), Mimosa
diplotricha (creeping
sensitive plant), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Panax ginseng
(Asiatic ginseng),
Pelargonium zonale hybrids,
- 369 -

COMMON NAME)
Prunus (stone fruit),
Pueraria montana var.
lobata (kudzu), Quercus
(oaks), Solanum
tomato), Solanum
melongena (terong,
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Solidago
canadensis (Canadian
goldenrod), Sphagneticola
calendulacea, Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
11. Cuscuta monogyna (Vahl.); II Citrus spp., Fabaceae mengkotaminas Asia: Afghanistan,
(Syn. Cuscuta astyla Engelm., Cuscuta (kacang-kacangan, i biji, bibit Central East Asia,
scandens Brot., Monogynella leguminous plants), Salix, dengan media Southwest Asia
blancheana (Vahl.) Des. Mould. ex Tamarix tanam, stek Europe: France, South
Engelm., Monogynella monogyna contaminated Europe
(Vahl.) Hadac. and Chartek., true seeds (inc. Oceania:
Monogynella vahliana (Vahl.) Des. grain), seedlings
Mould.); with growing
Convolvulaceae; media, cuttings)
eastern dodder
- 370 -

COMMON NAME)
12. Cuscuta pedicellata (Ledeb.); II Fabaceae (kacang- mengkotaminas Asia: Central Asia,
(Syn. Cassutha arabica Des Moul., kacangan, leguminous i biji Central East Asia
Cuscuta aegyptiaca Trab., Cuscuta plants) (contaminated Oceania: Eastern
lentis Stapf, Grammica arabica (Wight) true seeds (inc. Mediteranean
Des Moul.); grain))
Convolvulaceae
13. Cuscuta planiflora (Ten.); II Fabaceae (kacang- mengkotaminas America: North
(Syn. Cuscuta balansae var. kacangan, leguminous i biji America
mossamedensis (Welw. ex Hiern) plants) (contaminated Asia: Central Asia
Yunck., Cuscuta planiflora var. true seeds (inc. Oceania: Mediteranean
mossamedensis Welw. ex Hiern, grain))
Cuscuta planiflora var. planiflora,
Cuscuta planiflora var. tenorii Engelm.,
Succuta alba Des Moul., Cuscuta
approximata Bab.);
Convolvulaceae;
red dodder
14. Melampyrum arvense L.; II Cereal, Hordeum vulgare mengkotaminas Asia: West Asia
(Syn. Melampyrum arvense subsp. (barli, barley), Triticum i biji Europe: Belgium,
aestivum Govor., Melampyrum arvense aestivum (gandum, wheat) (contaminated France, Germany,
subsp. pseudobarbatum Ronniger, true seeds (inc. Netherlands
Melampyrum arvense subsp. vernum grain))
Govor.);
Orobanchaceae;
field cow-wheat, horse flower, purple
- 371 -

COMMON NAME)
cow-wheat
15. Odontites verna (Bell) Dum; II Medicago sativa (alfalfa, mengkotaminas America: Canada,
Orobanchaceae; lucerne), Poaceae (grasses), i biji Mexico, USA Asia:
red bartsia, eyebright, red rattle, Triticum aestivum (gandum, (contaminated Turkey
Perlina di Primavera wheat) true seeds (inc. Europe: Germany,
grain)) Southeast Europe
16. Orobanche cernua Loefl.; II Artemisia (wormwoods), mengkotaminas Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Orobanche bicolor CA Meyer, Artemisia barrelieri, i biji, umbi, Ethiopia, Kenya,
Orobanche cernua var. cumana (Wallr.) Artemisia campestris, stek Morocco, Niger,
G. Beck, Orobanche curviflora Viv., Capsicum annuum (paprika, (contaminated Somalia, Sudan,
Orobanche gallica Grenier, Orobanche bell pepper), Cuminum true seeds (inc. Tanzania, Tunisia,
glaucantha Trautvetter, Orobanche cyminum (cumin), Datura grain), bulbs Uganda
hispanica Boissier, Orobanche metel (Hindu datura), (inc. tubers, Asia: Afghanistan,
nicotiana Wight, Orobanche Galinsoga, Galinsoga corms, Bahrain, China,
pogonanthera Reuter in DC.); parviflora (gallant soldier), rhizomes), Georgia, India, Iran,
Orobanchaceae; Nicotiana tabacum cuttings) Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
nodding broomrape (tembakau, tobacco), Olea Kazakhstan, Kuwait,
europaea (zaitun, olive), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Petunia hybrida, Plantago Mongolia, Nepal,
ovata (spogel plantain), Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, Arabia, Syria,
apricot), Prunus persica Tajikistan, Turkey,
(peach), Solanum Turkmenistan,
lycopersicum (tomat, Uzbekistan, Yemen
tomato), Solanum Europe: Bosnia and
- 372 -

COMMON NAME)
melongena (terung, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
aubergine, eggplant), Croatia, Czech
Solanum nigrum (leunca, Republic, France,
black nightshade), Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Solanaceae, Solanum Malta, Montenegro,
tuberosum (kentang, North Macedonia,
potato), Sonchus oleraceus Romania, Russian
(common sowthistle), Federation, Serbia,
Withania somnifera Spain, Slovakia,
(poisonous gooseberry), Slovenia, United
Xanthium (Cocklebur), Kingdom
Xanthium strumarium Oceania: Australia
(common cocklebur),
Asteraceae (tanaman
compositae)
17. Orobanche foetida (Poir.); II Fabaceae (kacang- mengkotaminas Africa: Balearic
(Syn. Catodiacrum foetidum Dulac); kacangan, leguminous i biji Islands, Morocco,
Orobanchaceae; plants) (contaminated Tunisia
broomrapes true Europe: Spain
seeds/grain)
18. Orobanche gracilis (SM.); II Fabaceae (kacang- mengkotaminas Africa: Burundi, Kenya,
(Syn. Catodiacrum cruentum Dulac, kacangan, leguminous i biji Rwanda, Tanzania,
Orobanche cruenta Bertol., Orobanche plants) (contaminated Uganda
grandiuscula Moris); true seeds (inc. Europe: South East
Orobanchaceae; grain)) Europe
- 373 -

COMMON NAME)
broomrapes
19. Orobanche ramosa L. (1753); II Allium cepa (bawang mengkotaminas Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Kopsia interrupta (Pers.) Dumort. bombay, onion), Apium i biji, umbi Eritrea, Ethiopia,
(1822), Kopsia ramosa Dumortiet graveolens (seledri, celery), (contaminated Kenya, Libya, Mali,
(1822), Orobanche cannabis Vaucher Arachis hypogaea (kacang true seeds (inc. Morocco, Namibia,
(1828), Orobanche interrupta Pers. tanah, peanut), Brassica grain), bulbs North Africa, South
(1807), Orobanche micrantha Wallroth napus var. oleifera, (inc. tubers, Africa, Sudan,
(1822), Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel Brassica spp., Cannabis corms, Tanzania, Tunisia,
(1874), Philipaea ramosa C.A. Meyer sativa (hemp), Capsicum rhizomes)) Zimbabwe
(1831)); annuum (paprika, bell America: Canada,
Orobanchaceae; pepper, red pepper), Chile, Cuba, Mexico,
branched broomrape Carthamus tinctorius USA
(safflower), Carum carvi Asia: Afghanistan,
(caraway), Cicer arietinum Armenia, Azerbaijan,
(chickpea), Citrullus lanatus China, Georgia, India,
(semangka, watermelon), Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Coriandrum sativum Jordan, Lebanon,
(ketumbar, coriander), Nepal, Oman,
Cucumis melo (melon, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi
melon), Cucumis sativus Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
(mentimun, cucumber), Yemen
Cucurbita (pumpkin), Europe: Albania,
Daucus carota (wortel, Austria, Belarus,
carrot), Foeniculum vulgare Belgium, Bulgaria,
(fennel), Helianthus annuus Corsica, Cyprus, Czech
- 374 -

COMMON NAME)
(bunga matahari, Republic, France,
sunflower), Lactuca sativa Germany, Greece,
(selada, lettuce), Lens Hungary, Italy, Malta,
culinaris ssp. culinaris Moldova, Netherlands,
(lentil), Medicago lupulina Poland, Portugal,
(black medick), Nicotiana Rumania, Russian
tabacum (tembakau, Federation, Spain,
tobacco), Pastinaca sativa Slovakia, Switzerland,
(parsnip), Pisum sativum United Kingdom
(kapri, sweet pea), Prunus Oceania: Australia
armeniaca (apricot),
melongena (terong,
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Trachyspermum copticum,
(Berseem clover), Trifolium
spp., Trigonella foenum-
graecum (fenugreek), Vicia
faba (broad bean)
20. Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) II Arachis hypogaea (kacang mengkotaminas Africa: Angola, Benin,
Benth.; tanah, peanut), Corchorus i biji, stolon Botswana, Burkina
- 375 -

COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Macrosiphon elongatus Hochst., olitorius (jute), Glycine max (contaminated Faso, Burundi,
Macrosiphon fistulosus Hochst, (kedelai, soyabean), Oryza true seeds (inc. Cameroon, Central
Rhamphicarpa longiflora Benth.); glaberrima (African rice), grain), stolons) African Republic,
Orobanchaceae; Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, Chad, Congo, DR
fishing-net plant rice), Pennisetum glaucum Congo , Egypt,
(pearl millet), Poaceae Ethiopia, Gabon,
(rumput-rumputan), Gambia, Ghana,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Guinea, Guinea-
sorghum), Zea mays Bissau, Ivory Coast,
(jagung, corn, maize) Kenya, Madagascar,
Malawi, Mali,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Oceania: Australia,
Papua New Guinea
21. Rhinanthus angustifolius C. C. Gmel.; II Hordeum vulgare (barli, mengkotaminas America: Canada,
(Syn. Alectorolophus hirsutus subsp. barley), Triticum aestivum i biji Mexico, USA Asia:
major (Rchb.) Celak., 1873, (gandum, wheat) (contaminated Georgia, Turkey
Alectorolophus major Wimm., true seeds (inc. Europe: Armenia,
Rhinanthus alpinus subsp. montanus grain)) Austria, Azerbaijan,
- 376 -

COMMON NAME)
(Saut.) Nyman, 1881, Rhinanthus Belgium, Belarus,
crista-galli subsp. angustifolius (C. C. Bulgaria, Croatia,
Gmel.) Bonnier & Layens, 1894, Czech Republic,
Rhinanthus major subsp. aestivalis P. Denmark, Estonia,
Fourn., 1937, Rhinanthus major Finland, France,
subsp. apterus (Fr.) P. Fourn., 1937, Germany, Hungary,
Rhinanthus major subsp. glaber, Latvia, Lithuania,
Rhinanthus major var. serotinus, Moldova, Netherlands,
Schonh. ex Halacsy & Heinr. Braun, North Macedonia,
Rhinanthus minor subsp. major, Norway, Poland,
Rhinanthus parviflorus Noulet, 1837, Romania, Slovenia,
Rhinanthus serotinus subsp. Russian Federation,
angustifolius (C. C. Gmel.) Dostal); Sweden, Switzerland,
Orobanchaceae; Ukraine, United
greater yellow-rattle Kingdom
22. Rhinanthus minor L.; II Hordeum vulgare (barli, mengkotaminas America: Canada,
(Syn. Alectorolophus crista-galli (L.) barley), Triticum aestivum i biji Mexico, USA
Bieb., Alectorolophus crista-galli subsp. (gandum, wheat) (contaminated Asia: Afghanistan,
stenophyllus (Schur) Maly, 1919, true seeds (inc. Bahrain, Georgia, Iran,
Alectorolophus drummond-hayi grain)) Iraq, Israel, Jordan,
Sterneck, Alectorolophus glaber All., Kuwait, Lebanon,
Alectorolophus glaber G. Beck, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Alectorolophus glandulosus Sterneck, Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
Alectorolophus groenlandicus var. United Arab Emirates,
drummond-hayi (F. B. White) Ostenf., Yemen
- 377 -

COMMON NAME)
Alectorolophus kyrollae (Chabert) Europe: Armenia,
Sterneck, Alectorolophus minor (L.) Azerbaijan, Cyprus,
Dumort., Alectorolophus minor (L.) Russian Federation
Rchb., Alectorolophus minor (L.) Wimm.
& Grab., Alectorolophus parviflorus
Wallr., Alectorolophus parviflorus var.
stenophyllus (Schur) Rouy, 1909,
Alectorolophus pulchella Schum.,
Alectorolophus pulchella Schum. ex
Wimm., Alectorolophus pulcher
Schum., Alectorolophus pulcher
Schum. ex Wimm., Alectorolophus
ramosus Schur, Alectorolophus rigidus
Sterneck, Alectorolophus serotinus
G.Beck, Fistularia crista-galli (L.)
Wettst., Fistularia minor (L.) Kuntze,
Mimulus crista-galli (L.) Scop.,
Rhinanthus balticus Schneider,
Rhinanthus borealis subsp. kyrollae
(Chabert) Pennell, Rhinanthus borealis
subsp. kyrolliae (Chabert) Pennell,
Rhinanthus crista-galli L., Rhinanthus
crista-galli subsp. minor (L.) Bonnier &
Layens, 1894, Rhinanthus crista-galli
subsp. stenophyllus (Schur) Soó, 1929,
- 378 -

COMMON NAME)
Rhinanthus crista-galli var. crista-galli
Rhinanthus crista-galli var. drummond-
hayi Buchanan-White, Rhinanthus
crista-galli var. fallax W.D.J.Koch,
Rhinanthus crista-galli var. fallax
W.D.J.Koch ex E.F.Linton, Rhinanthus
drummond-hayi (Buch.-White) Druce,
Rhinanthus glaber Lam., Rhinanthus
glaber subsp. minor (L.) Schübl. &
G.Martens, 1834, Rhinanthus
hercynicus O. Schwarz, Rhinanthus
kyrollae Chabert, Rhinanthus kyrolliae
Chabert, Rhinanthus minor Ehrh.,
1791, Rhinanthus minor subsp. minor
Rhinanthus minor subsp. monticola
(Lamotte) O. Schwarz, Rhinanthus
minor subsp. monticola (Lamotte)
P.Fourn., 1937, Rhinanthus minor
subsp. perrieri (Chabert) P. Fourn.,
1937, Rhinanthus minor subsp.
stenophyllus (Schur) P. Fourn., 1937,
Rhinanthus minor var. balticus
(U.Schneider) D. Hartl, Rhinanthus
minor var. drummond-hayi (F.B.White)
Á.Löve, 1970, Rhinanthus minor var.
- 379 -

COMMON NAME)
hercynicus (O.Schwarz) D. Hartl,
Rhinanthus minor var. minor Schur,
1866, Rhinanthus minor var. monticola
Lamotte, 1881, Rhinanthus parviflorus
Bluff. & Fingerh., Rhinanthus pratensis
Vill., Rhinanthus ramosus Schur,
Rhinanthus rigidus Chabert,
Rhinanthus spadiceus E.Willm., 1940,
Rhinanthus stenophyllus (Schur)
Druce, 1901, Rhinanthus stenophyllus
Schur, Rhinanthus trixago Thuill.,
Rhinanthus vulgaris Hill);
Orobanchaceae;
cockscomb, little yellow rattle, yellow
rattle
23. Striga aspera (Willd.) Benth. (1836); II Millet, Oryza sativa (padi, mengkotaminas Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Syn. Euphrasia aspera Willd. (1801)); paddy, rice), Sorghum i biji Faso, Cameroon,
Orobanchaceae; bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), (contaminated Central African
parasitic weed, witchweed Urochloa ramosa (browntop true seeds (inc. Republic, Ivory Coast,
millet), Zea mays (jagung, grain)) Ethiopia, Gambia,
corn, maize) Guinea-Bissau,
Malawi, Mali, Niger,
Nigeria, Senegal,
Sudan, Tanzania, Togo
- 380 -

COMMON NAME)
24. Striga forbesii (Benth); II Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, mengkotaminas Africa: Madagascar,
(Syn. Buchnera forbesii (Benth) D. sorghum), Zea mays i biji South Africa
Dietr.); (jagung, corn, maize) (contaminated
Orobanchaceae; true seeds (inc.
parasitic weed, giant maize witchweed, grain))
giant mealie witchweed
25. Striga gesnerioides (Willd) Vatke II Euphorbia abyssinica, mengkotaminas Africa: Benin,
(1875); Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, i biji, umbi Botswana, Burkina
(Syn. Buchnera gesnerioides Willd. sweet potato), Indigofera (contaminated Faso, Burundi,
(1800), Buchnera hydrabadensis Roth. hirsuta (hairy indigo), true seeds (inc. Cameroon, Cape
(1821), Buchnera orobanchoides R.Br. Jacquemontia tamnifolia grain), tubers) Verde, Central African
(1814), Striga orobanchoides R.Br. (Smallflower morningglory), Republic, Chad,
Benth. (1836)); Nicotiana tabacum Congo, DR Congo ,
Orobanchaceae; (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza Egypt, Eritrea,
cowpea witchweed glaberrima (African rice), Ethiopia, Gambia,
Vigna spp. (cowpea), Vigna Ghana, Guinea, Kenya,
unguiculata (cowpea) Lesotho, Malawi, Mali,
Mauritania, Morocco,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal,
Togo, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
- 381 -

COMMON NAME)
America: Guyana, USA
Asia: Cambodia, India,
Japan, Morocco, Nepal,
Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Sri Langka,
Yemen
Oceania: Australia
26. Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. II Brachiaria spp. mengkotaminas Africa: Angola, Benin,
(1836); (Syn. Buchnera hermontheca (signalgrass), Cymbopogon i biji, stolon, Burkina Faso,
Del. (1813), Striga hermontheca (Del.) spp., Cynodon spp. rhizome Burundi, Cameroon,
Benth. (1836), Striga senegalensis (quickgrass), Dactyloctenium (contaminated Central African
Benth. (1846)); aegyptium (crowfoot grass), true seeds (inc. Republic, Chad,
Orobanchaceae; Eleusine coracana (finger grain), stolons, Congo, DR Congo ,
parasitic weed, purple witchweed millet), Eleusine indica rhizomes) Egypt, Eritrea,
(goose grass), Eragrostis tef Ethiopia, Gambia,
(teff), Hordeum vulgare Ghana, Guinea,
(barli, barley), Oryza sativa Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
(padi, paddy, rice), Panicum Coast, Kenya,
(millets), Panicum walense, Madagascar, Malawi,
Paspalum scrobiculatum Mali, Mauritania,
(ricegrass paspalum), Morocco, Mozambique,
Pennisetum glaucum (pearl Namibia, Niger,
millet), Rottboellia Nigeria, Rwanda,
cochinchinensis (itch grass), Senegal, South Africa,
Saccharum officinarum Sudan, Swaziland,
- 382 -

COMMON NAME)
(tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum Tanzania, Togo,
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Uganda, Zambia,
Sorghum halepense Zimbabwe
(johnson grass), Zea mays Asia: Cambodia, Saudi
(jagung, corn, maize) Arabia, Yemen
27. Striga latericea (Vatke); II Saccharum officinarum mengkotaminas Africa: Ethiopia,
(Syn. Cycnium strictum Engl., Striga (tebu, sugarcane) i stek Central African
somaliensis Skan); (contaminated Republic, Kenya, Mali,
Orobanchaceae; cuttings) Somalia, Tanzania
parasitic weed
28. Striga passargei (Engl.); II Zea mays (jagung, corn, mengkotaminas Africa: Nigeria,
Orobanchaceae; maize) i biji Senegal, Sudan,
parasitic weed (contaminated Tanzania
true seeds (inc. Asia: Saudi Arabia
grain))
29. Thesium australe (R. Br.); II Hordeum vulgare (barli, mengkotaminas Africa
(Syn. Linosyris australis (R.Br.) barley), grasses, Saccharum i biji, stek America: USA
Kuntze); officinarum (tebu, (contaminated Asia: China
Santalaceae; sugarcane) true seeds (inc. Europe: Spain
Austral toadflax, Austral Toad-flax, grain), cuttings) Oceania: Australia
Australian Toadflax
30. Thesium humile (Vahl.); II Hordeum vulgare (barli, mengkotaminas Africa: North Africa
Santalaceae; barley), grasses, Saccharum i biji, stek Asia: Israel
lesser bastard toadflax officinarum (tebu, (contaminated Europe: Spain
sugarcane) true seeds (inc.
- 383 -

COMMON NAME)
grain), cuttings)
31. Thesium resedoides A.W. Hill; II Hordeum vulgare (barli, mengkotaminas Africa: South Africa
Santalaceae barley), grasses, Saccharum i biji, stek
officinarum (tebu, (contaminated
sugarcane) true seeds (inc.
grain), cuttings)
7. GULMA NON-PARASITIK (NON-PARASITIC WEEDS)
No. NAMA GOLONGAN HABITAT MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR

ILMIAH/SINONIM/KLASIFIKASI/ /GROUP BUDIDAYA/CULTIVATION PEMBAWA /GEOGRAPHICAL
NAMA UMUM HABITAT /PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION
COMMON NAME)
1. Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. (1812); II hutan tanaman industri mengkontamina Africa: Egypt, Nigeria
(Syn. Elymus repens (L.) Gould 1947, (industrial forest), si biji, bibit, America: Argentina,
Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski 1933, hortikultura (horticulture), media tanam Canada, Ecuador, USA
Triticum repens L. (1753)); tanaman pangan (food (contaminated Asia: Afghanistan,
Poaceae; crops), tanaman true seeds (inc. Bangladesh, Georgia,
couch grass, dog grass, quack grass, perkebunan (estate crops) grain), India, Iran, Israel,
quick grass, rope twich, scotch quelch, seedlings, Japan, Kazakhstan,
- 384 -

COMMON NAME)
twich grass, wikens, wicks growing media Mongolia, Pakistan,
associated with Turkey
plants) Europe: Armenia,
Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy,
Lithuania, Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea
- 385 -

COMMON NAME)
2. Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (1762); II hutan tanaman industri mengkontamina Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Alopecurus agrestis L. (1762), (industrial forest), si biji, bibit, Ivory Coast, Libya,
Alopecurus coerulescens Stedu. & hortikultura (horticulture), media tanam North Africa, Tunisia
Hochst. ex Stedu. (1840), Alopecurus tanaman pangan (food (contaminated America: Argentina,
myosuroides var. versicolor (Biasol.) crops), tanaman true seeds (inc. Bolivia, Canada, Chile,
Roshev. (1927), Alopecurus perkebunan (estate crops) grain), Mexico, Peru, USA,
purpurascens Link (1844), Tozzettia seedlings, Uruguay
agrestis (L.) Bubani (1901)); growing media Asia: Afghanistan,
Poaceae; associated with China, Georgia, India,
black-grass, black twitch, slender plants) Iran, Iraq, Israel,
meadow foxtail, twitch grass Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Pakistan, Republic of
Saudi Arabia, Taiwan,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Albania,
Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia,
France, Germany,
- 386 -

COMMON NAME)
Latvia, Lithuania,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia,Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
3. Asphodelus fistulosus L. (1753); II hutan tanaman industri mengkontamina Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.); (industrial forest), si biji, bibit, Mauritius, Morocco,
Liliaceae; hortikultura (horticulture), media tanam Sudan
onion weed, asphodelus, wild onion, tanaman pangan (food (contaminated America: Bolivia,
onion-leafed, pink asphodel, asphodel crops), tanaman true seeds (inc. Mexico, Peru, USA
perkebunan (estate crops) grain), Asia: Afghanistan,
seedlings, Bangladesh, India,
growing media Iran, Iraq, Israel,
associated with Malaysia, Nepal,
plants) Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Bosnia and
- 387 -

COMMON NAME)
Montenegro, North
Serbia, Slovenia,
Spain,
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
4. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (1772); II hutan tanaman industri mengkontamina Africa: Angola, South
(Syn. Cirsium incanum Bieb., Cirsium (industrial forest), si biji, bibit, Africa, Sudan,
lanatum Spreng., Cirsium setosum hortikultura (horticulture), media tanam Swaziland, Tunisia,
(Willd.) Bieb., Cnicus arvensis Hoffm.); tanaman pangan (food (contaminated Zimbabwe
Asteraceae; crops), tanaman true seeds (inc. America: Alaska,
California thistle, Canada thistle, perkebunan (estate crops) grain), BrazilCanada, Chile,
creeping thistle, field thistle seedlings, Hawaii, USA,
growing media Asia: Afghanistan,
associated with China, DPR Korea
plants) (North Korea), Georgia,
India, Iran, Japan,
Lebanon, Pakistan,
Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Turkey,
Turkmenistan
Europe: Albania,
Armenia, Austria,
- 388 -

COMMON NAME)
Belgium, Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, North
Macedonia,
Montenegro,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom, Ukraine,
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
5. Digitaria scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov. II hutan tanaman industri mengkontamina Africa: Burundi,
(1916); (industrial forest), si biji, bibit, Cameroon, Ethiopia,
(Syn. Digitaria abyssinica (A. Rich.) hortikultura (horticulture), media tanam Kenya, Madagascar,
- 389 -

COMMON NAME)
Stapf. 1907), Digitaria abyssinica var. tanaman pangan (food (contaminated Malawi, Nigeria,
scalarum (Schweinf.) Stapf (1907), crops), tanaman true seeds (inc. Rwanda, Seychelles,
Digitaria eichingeri Mez (1921), perkebunan (estate crops) grain), Somalia, Sudan,
Digitaria hackelii (Pilg.) Stapf (1919), seedlings, Swaziland, South
Digitaria merkeri Mez (1921), Digitaria growing media Africa, Tanzania,
mutica Rendle (1911), Digitaria associated with Uganda, Zambia,
scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov. (1916), plants) Zimbabwe
Digitaria somaliensis Chiov. (1917), Asia: India, Saudi
Digitaria tangaensis Henr. (1934), Arabia, Sri Lanka
Digitaria vestita Fig. & De Not. (1854),
Panicum abyssinicum A. Rich. (1851),
Panicum hackelii Pilg. (1901), Panicum
kafuroense K. Schum. (1807), Panicum
muticum A. Rich. (1851), Panicum
scalarum Schweinf. (1894));
Poaceae;
East African coughgrass
6. Emex australis Steinh.; II hutan tanaman industri mengkontamina Africa: Ascension,
(Syn. Emex centropodium Meisner, (industrial forest), si biji, bibit, Bostwana, Kenya,
Vibro australis Greene); hortikultura (horticulture), media tanam Lesotho, Madagascar,
Polygonaceae; tanaman pangan (food (contaminated Malawi, Mauritius,
spiny emex, doublegee, three-cornered crops), tanaman true seeds (inc. Namibia, Saint Helena,
jack perkebunan (estate crops) grain), South Africa,
seedlings, Tanzania, Zambia,
growing media Zimbabwe
- 390 -

COMMON NAME)
associated with America: Hawaii,
plants) Trinidad and Tobago,
USA
Asia: India, Japan,
Pakistan, Taiwan
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
7. Parthenium hysterophorus L.; II hutan tanaman industri mengkontamina Africa: Bostwana,
(Syn. Argyrochaeta bipinnatifida Cav., (industrial forest), si biji, bibit, Comoros, Djibouti,
Argyrochaeta parviflora Cav., hortikultura (horticulture), media tanam Egypt, Eritrea,
Parthenium glomeratum Rollins, tanaman pangan (food (contaminated Ethiopia, Kenya,
Parthenium lobatum Buckl., Villanova crops), tanaman true seeds (inc. Madagascar,
pinnatifida Ortega); perkebunan (estate crops) grain), Mauritius, Mayotte,
Asteraceae; seedlings, Mozambique, Réunion,
parthenium weed, congress grass, growing media Rwanda, Seychelles,
whiteheads, barley flower associated with Somalia, South Africa,
plants) Swaziland, Tanzania,
Uganda, Zimbabwe
America: Anguilla,
Antigua and Barbuda,
Aruba, Argentina,
Bahamas, Barbados,
Bermuda, Belize,
Bolivia, Brazil,
- 391 -

COMMON NAME)
Caribean Island,
Cayman Islands, Chile,
Cuba, Curaçao,
Dominica, Dominican
Republik, Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Grenada, Guyana,
Guadeloupe,
Guatemala, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Martinique,
Montserrat, Mexico,
Netherlands Antilles,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Puerto Rico, Paraguay,
Peru, Saba, Saint Kitts
and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
Grenadines, Sint
Eustatius, Sint
Maarten, Suriname,
Turks and Caicos
Islands, Tropical
- 392 -

COMMON NAME)
America, Uruguay,
USA, United States
Virgin Islands,
Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh,
Bhutan, China, India,
Malaysia, Nepal,
Oman, Pakistan,
Palestine, Republic of
Saudi Arabia, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan,
Thailand, United Arab
Emirates,
Vietnam, Yemen
Europe: Belgium,
Poland
Oceania: Australia,
French Polynesia, New
Caledonia, Papua New
Guinea, Vanuatu
- 393 -
8. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/PSEUDOFUNGI)

COMMON NAME)
1. [r]: Aecidium cantense Arthur (1929); I Solanum lycopersicum batang (stems Africa: Benin
Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, (tomat, tomato), Solanum (above ground), America: Argentina,
Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales; macrocarpon (terong engkol, trunks, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
potato rust, deforming potato rust, African eggplant), Solanum branches), Colombia, Ecuador,
deforming rust, Peruvian rust tuberosum (kentang, buah (fruits), Guyana, Paraguay,
potato), Ullucus tuberosus bunga Peru, Suriname,
(inflorescences), Uruguay, Venezuela
daun (leaves),
tanaman (whole
plant), tunas
(shoots)
2. [s]: - I Citrus sp., Citrus jambhiri buah (fruits), Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
[a]: Alternaria citri Ellis & N. Pierce, (rough lemon), Citrus junos daun (leaves) Libya, Malawi,
1902; (yuzu), Citrus limon (lemon), Morocco, Mozambique,
(Syn. Alternaria brassicae var. citri Citrus medica (citron), Namibia, Nigeria,
Penz, 1882, Alternaria citri (Penz.) Citrus reticulata (mandarin), South Africa, Sudan,
Mussat, 1900, Alternaria citri var. Citrus sinensis (navel Tanzania, Uganda,
citri (Pemz) Mussat, 1900); orange), Gerbera, Withania Zambia, Zimbabwe
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, somnifera (poisonous America: Argentina,
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, goosberry) Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
Pleosporaceae; Colombia, Cuba,
stalk end rot, stem end rot, navel end Dominican Republic,
- 394 -

COMMON NAME)
rot, core rot of citrus, black rot of Ecuador, French
citrus fruit, brown spot of citrus, black Guiana, Paraguay,
rot of citrus, fruit rot of citrus, core rot Peru, Jamaica, Mexico,
of citrus Puerto Rico, Uruguay,
USA, Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh,
Bhutan, China, India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan,
Palestine, Republic of
Turkey, Vietnam
Europe: Bulgaria,
Cyprus, France,
Greece, Italy, Malta,
Portugal, Russian
Federation, Spain
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
3. [c]: Aphanomyces euteiches Drechsler I Hordeum vulgare (barli, akar (roots), America: Canada, USA
(1925); barley), legumes, Lens batang (stems), Asia: China, India,
Chromista, Oomycota, Oomycetes, culinaris ssp. culinaris bibit (seedlings), Japan, Kazakhstan,
Saprolegniales, Leptolegniaceae; (lentil), Medicago sativa media tanam Kyrgystan, Tajikistan,
Aphanomyces root rot, common root (alfalfa, lucerne), Melilotus (growing media Turkmenistan,
- 395 -

COMMON NAME)
rot, root rot (Melilots), Phaseolus associated with Uzbekistan
vulgaris (buncis, common plants) Europe: Armenia,
bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, Azerbaijan, Czech
sweet pea), Trifolium Republic, Denmark,
pratense (red clover), Finland, France, Italy,
Trifolium repens (semanggi Netherlands, Norway,
putih, white clover), Poland, Russian
Trifolium subterraneum Federation, Slovakia,
(subterranean clover), Vicia Spain, Sweden,
faba (oat, oats), Vigna spp. Ukraine
(buncis, cowpea) Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
4. [s]: Armillaria heimii Pegler, 1977; I Acacia mearnsii (black akar (roots), Africa: Angola,
(Syn. Armillariella elegens (R. Heim) wattle), Acacia melanoxylon batang (stems Cameroon, Congo, DR
J.B Taylor, J,E. Hawk (Australian blackwood), (above ground), Congo, Ethiopia,
ins & McLaren, 1974, Clitocybe Anacardium occidentalis shoots, trunks, Gabon, Ivory Coast,
elegans R. Heim, 1963); (jambu mede, cashew nut), branches), kayu Kenya, Madagascar,
[a]: - Araucaria cunninghamii (woods), kulit Mozambique, Nigeria,
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, (colonial pine), Camellia kayu (bark), Reunion, South Africa,
Agaricomycetes, Physalacriaceae; cinensis (teh, tea), tanah (soil), Tanzania, Uganda,
armillaria root rot; honey root rot; root Casuarina equisetifolia umbi (bulbs, Zambia, Zimbabwe
rot of tropical trees (casuarinas), Cinnamamum tubers, corms,
camphora (camphor laurel), rhizomes)
Cocos nucifera (kelapa,
coconut), Coffea arabica
- 396 -

COMMON NAME)
(kopi, arabica coffe), Coffea
canephora (kopi, robusta
coffea), Delonix regia (gold
mohar), Eriobotrya japonica
(loquat), Eucalyptus
citriodora (lemon-scented
gum), Grevillea robusta
(silky oak), Hevea
brasiliensis (karet, rubber),
Jacaranda mimosifolia
(Brazilian rosewood),
Manihot esculenta (ubi
kayu, cassava), Musa
paradisiaca (pisang,
banana), Pinus ellioti (slash
pine), Pinus radiate (radiate
pine), Pinus strobes (eastern
white pine), Pinus taeda
(loblolly pine), Prunus
(stone fruit), Prunus
Prunus persica (Japanese
plum), Schinus molle (false
pepper tree), swietenia
(mahogany), Tectona
- 397 -

COMMON NAME)
grandis (teak), Theobromoa
cacao (kakao, cocoa)
5. [s]: Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & I Abelia grandiflora (Glossy akar (roots), Oceania: Australia
Kile (1978) abelia), Acacia cyclops batang (stem
[a]: - (coastal wattle), Acacia (above ground),
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, dealbata (acacia bernier), trunks,
Agaricales, Physalacriaceae; Acacia longifolia (golden branches),
armillaria root rot, honey root rot, wattle), Acacia mearnsii benih (bulbs,
Australian honey fungus (black wattle), Acacia tubers, corms,
melanoxylon (Australian rhizomes), bibit
blackwood), Acacia saligna (seedlings),
(Port Jackson wattle), Acer kayu (woods),
palmatum (Japanese kulit kayu
maple), Actinidia chinensis (bark), tunas
(Chinese gooseberry), (shoots)
Camellia, Canna indica
(canna lilly), Citrus
reticulata (mandarin), Citrus
sinensis (navel orange),
Cotoneaster, Cycas revoluta
(sago cycas), Dizygotheca
(false aralia), Dodonaea
viscosa (switch sorrel),
Elaeagnus pungens (thorny
olive), Euonymus japonicus
- 398 -

COMMON NAME)
(Japanese spindle tree),
Fraxinus (ashes), Fuchsia
hybrids, Grevillea robusta
(silky oak), Hibiscus
(rosemallows), Hydrangea
macrophylla (French
hydrangea), Kalmia (laurel),
Ligustrum (privet),
Magnolia, Malus
(ornamental species apple),
Melia azedarach
(Chinaberry), Nerium
Philadelphus coronarius
(mock orange), Photinia
glabra, Picea pungens (blue
spruce), Pinus radiata
(radiata pine), Prunus
(stone fruit), Prunus dulcis
(almon, badam, almond),
peach), Rhododendron
indicum (Satsuki azalea),
Salix (willows), Taxus (yew),
Viburnum, Vitis vinifera
- 399 -

COMMON NAME)
(anggur, grapevine),
Wisteria sinensis (Chinese
wisteria)
6. [s]: - I Fabaceae, Poaceae, Vigna batang (stems), America: Colombia,
[a]: Ascochyta boltshauseri Sacc., 1891 spp. (buncis, cowpea) biji (true seeds), USA
(Syn. Ascochyta hortensis Kabát & daun (leaves), Europe: Germany,
Bubát, 1905, Ascochyta hortensis polong (pods), Netherlands, Romania
(Sacc. & Malbr.) Jørst., 1945, tanah (soil) Oceania: New Zealand
Hendersonia hortensis Sacc. &
Malbr., 1882, Phoma botlshauseri
(Sacc) Boerema, R. Pieters &
Hamers, 1993, Phoma funkiae-
albomarginatae Punith., 1988,
Stagonospora boltshauseri (Sacc.)
Grigoriu, 1975, Stagonosporopsis
hortensis (Sacc. & Malbr.) Petr.,
1921, Stagonospora hortensis
(Sacc. & Malbr.) Sacc., 1884,
Stagonosporopsis boltshauseri
(Sacc.) Died., 1912);
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina,
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales,
Didymellaceae;
bean blotch, bean leaf spot
7. [s]: Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) I Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), akar (roots), Africa: Kenya, South
- 400 -

COMMON NAME)
Kuntze, 1891; Malus domestica (apel, batang (stems), Africa
(Sym. Biscogniauxia bulliardii (Tul. apple), Pyrus communis (pir, media tanam America: USA
& C. Tul.) Kuntze, 1891, pear), Vitis vinifera (anggur, (growing media Asia: Japan
Biscogniauxia nummularia var. grapevine) associated with Europe: United
nummularia (Bull.) Kuntze, 1891, plants), Kingdom
Amphisphaeria decorticata Berl. & tanaman (whole
Voglino, 1886, Didymosphaeria plant)
trivialis (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.,
1882, Sphaeria decorticata Cooke
& Harkn., 1884, Sphaeria trivialis
Berk. & Broome, 1852, Sphaeria
anthracina J.C. Schmidt, 1817,
Sphaeria nummularia DC., 1805,
Sphaeria decorticata Sowerby,
1799;
[a]: Lojkania decorticata (Berl. &
Voglino) M.E. Barr, 1984;
(Syn. Hypoxylon nummularium
Bull., 1790, Hypoxylon
nummularium var. nummularium
Bull., 1790, Hypoxylon
nummularium var. macrosporum
J.C. Gilman & L.H. Tiffany, 1952,
Nummularia nummularia var.
nummularia (Bull.) House, 1952,
- 401 -

COMMON NAME)
Nummularia nummularia (Bull.)
House, 1925, Kommamyce
bulliardii (Tul. & C. Tul.) Nieuwl.,
1916, Nummularia bulliardi var.
minor Rehm, 1912, Nummularia
anthracina (J.C. Schmidt) traverso,
1906, Nummularia bulliardi var.
tiliaecola Rehm. Nummularia
anthracina var. anthracina (J.C.
Schmidt) Traverso, 1906,
Microthelia trivialis (Berk. &
Broome) Kuntze, 1898,
Nummularia nummularia (Bull.) J.
Schrot., 1897, Nummularia
bulliardi Tul. & C. Tul., 1863,
Nummularia bulliardi var. bulliardii
Tul. & C. Tul., 1863, Nummularia
bulliardi f. bulliardii Tul. & C. Tul.,
1863);
Sordariomycetes, Xylariales,
Xilariaceae;
tea wood rot, tea root rot, rot root,
tarry root rot, beech tarcrust
8. [s]: - I Linum ussitatissimum (flax), akar (roots), Africa: Cameroon,
- 402 -

COMMON NAME)
[a]: Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Hydrangea macrophylla, batang (stems), Egypt, Ethiopia,
Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, Origanum dubium, Vigna biji (true seeds), Gambia, Kenya, Libya,
2010; spp. (buncis, cowpea) buah (fruits), Malawi, Mozambique,
(Syn. Ascochyta coffeae Henn., bunga Nigeria, Rwanda,
1902, Höhn., 1909, Ascochyta (inflorescences) Sudan, Tanzania,
heteromorpha (Schulzer & Sacc.) Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
Curzi, 1932, Ascochyta hydrangeae Zaire, Zimbabwe
(Ellis & Everh.) Aksel, 1956, America: Bolivia,
Ascochyta nicotianae Pass., 1881, Canada, Colombia,
Ascochyta linicola Naumov & Dominican Republic,
Vassilijevsky, 1926, Ascochyta Ecuador, El Salvador,
phaseolorum Sacc., 1878, Guyana, Honduras,
Ascochyta viburni Roum. Ex Sacc., Nicaragua, Peru,
1884, Ascochyta viburni var. Puerto Rico, Venezuela
viburni Roum. Ex Sacc., 1884, Asia: Bhutan, Brunei
Boeremia exigua var. coffeae Darussalam, Hong
(Henn.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Kong, India, Iran, Iraq,
Verkley, 2010, Boeremia exigua Israel, Malaysia,
var. gilvescens Aveskamp, Gruyter Myanmar, Nepal,
& Verkley, 2010, Boeremia exigua Oman, Pakistan, Sri
var. heteromorpha (Schulzer & Lanka, Thailand,
Sacc.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Turkey
Verkley, 2010, Boeremia exigua Europe: Belgium,
var. lilacis (Sacc.) Aveskamp, Cyprus, Czech
Gruyter & Verkley, 2010, Boeremia Republic, Denmark,
- 403 -

COMMON NAME)
exigua var. linicola (Naumov & Estonia, France,
Vassiljevsky) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Germany, Ireland,
Verkley, 2010, Boeremia exigua Italy, Latvia,
var. populi (Gruyter & P. Scheer) Netherlands, Norway,
Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, Portugal, Romania,
2010, Boeremia exigua var. Russian Federation,
pesudolilacis Aveskamp, Gruyter & Slovakia, Spain,
Verkley, 2010, Boeremia exigua Sweden, Switzerland,
var. viburni (Roum. Ex Sacc.) United Kingdom
Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley, Oceania: Australia,
2010, Phoma exigua Sacc., 1879, Fiji, New Zealand,
Phoma exigua Desm., 1849, Phoma Papua New Guinea
exigua var. capsici L.Z. Liang,
1991, Phoma exigua var. exigua
Desm., 1849), Phoma exigua var.
fosythiae (Sacc.) Aa, Boerema &
Gruyter, 2000, Phoma exigua var.
heteromorpha (Schluzer & Sacc.),
Phoma exigua var. inoxydabilis
Boerema & Vegh, 1974, Phoma
exigua var. lilacis (Sacc.) Boerema,
1979, Phoma exigua var. linicola
(Naumov & Vassiljevsky) P.W.T
Maas, 1965, Phoma exigua var.
populi Gruyter & P. Scheer, 1988,
- 404 -

COMMON NAME)
Phoma exigua var. solanicola (Prill.
& Delacr.) Popkova, Malikova &
Kovaleva, 1973, Phoma exigua var.
viburni (Roum. Ex Sacc.) Boerema,
1998, Phoma herbarum f.sp humuli
Sacc., 1883, Phoma herbarum f.sp
lilacis Sacc., 1880, Phoma
heteromorpha Schulzer & Sacc.,
1884, Phoma perexigua Sacc.,
1884, Phoma solanicola Prill. &
Delacr., 1890, Phoma solanicola
f.sp solanicola Prill. & Delacr.,
1890, Phoma solanicola var.
solanicola Prill. & Delacr., 1890,
Phoma viburni (Roum. Ex Sacc.)
Boerema & M.J. Griffin, 1974),
Phomopsis perexigua (Sacc.), 1877,
Phyllosticta forsythiae Sacc., 1877,
Phyllosticta hydrangeae var.
europeae Passal., 1926, ,
Phyllosticta hydrangeae var.
hydrangeae Ellis & Everh.m 1889);
Didymellaceae;
- 405 -

COMMON NAME)
foot rot of flax
9. [s]: Botryosphaeria bidwellii (Ellis) I Ampelopsis, Cissus, batang (stems), Africa: Morocco,
Petr., 1958; Parthenocissus, Citrus spp., buah (fruits), Mozambique, Sudan
(Syn. Carlia bidwellii (Ellis) Vitis vinifera (anggur, bunga America: Argentina,
magnus, 1892, Carlia bidwellii grapevine) (inflorescences), Barbados, Brazil,
(Ellis) prunet, 1898, Greeneria daun (leaves), Canada, Chile, Cuba,
fuliginea Scribn. & Viala, 1887, tangkai buah El Salvador, Guyana,
Greeneria uvicola (Berk. & M.A. Haiti, Jamaica,
Curtis) Punith., 1974, Guignardia Martinique, Mexico,
aleuritis (Vassiljevsky) Aa, 1973, Panama, USA
Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Asia: China, DPR
Ravaz, 1892, Guignardia bidwellii f. Korea (North Korea),
bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz, India, Iran, Japan,
1892, Guignardia bidwellii var. Pakistan, Philippines,
parthenocissi Luttr., Laestadia Taiwan, Turkey
bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz, Europe: Austria,
1888, Melaconium fuligineum Bosnia and
(Scribn. & Viala) cavara, 1888, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Melanops aleuritis vassiljevsky, Croatia, Cyprus,
1940, Naespora ampelicida France, Germany,
Engelm., 1863, Phyllachorella Italy, Montenegro,
bidwellii (Ellis) Theiss., 1919, North Macedonia,
Physalospora bidwellii (Ellis) Sacc., Romania, Russian
1882, Phyllostictina uvicola (Berk. Federation, Serbia,
& M.A. Curtis) Hohn., 1920, Slovakia, Slovenia,
- 406 -

COMMON NAME)
Physalospora bidwellii (Ellis) Sacc., Switzerland, Ukraine,
1882, Sphaeria bidwellii Ellis, Oceania: Christmas
1880, Sphaerella bidwellii (Ellis) Island
Ellis, 1890);
[a]: Phyllosticta ampelicida (Engelm.)
Aa, 1973;
(Sym. Phoma uvicola Berk. & M.A.
Curtis, 1873, Phoma uvicola var.
labruscae Thum. 1878, Phoma
uvicola var. uvicola Berk. & M.A.
Curtis, 1873);
Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales,
Phyllostictaceae;
black rot
10. [s]: Botryosphaeria ribis Grossenb. & I Casuariana equisetifolia batang (stems Africa: Ethiopia,
Duggar, 1911; (casuariana), Citrus sp. (above ground), Ghana, Guinea, Ivory
(Syn. Botryosphaeria mali V.A. (jeruk, citrus), Eucalyptus trunks, Coast, Kenya,
Putterill, 1919, Botryosphaeria sp., Juglans spp. (walnut), branches), Madagascar, Malawi,
ribis f. achromogena Grossenb. & Liquidambar formosa buah (fruits), Mauritius,
Duggar, Botryosphaeria (beautiful sweet gum), bunga (flowers, Mozambique, Niger,
ribis f. chromogena Grossenb. & Liquidambar styraciflua inflorescences, Nigeria, South Africa,
Duggar, 1911, Botryosphaeria (sweet gum), Macadamia cones, calyx), Tanzania, Togo,
ribis f. ribis Grossenb. & Duggar, integrifolia (macadamian kulit kayu Tunisia, Uganda,
1911, Botryosphaeria nut), Macadamia tetraphylla (bark), tunas Zambia, Zimbabwe
- 407 -

COMMON NAME)
ribis var. chromogena Shear, N.E. (Rough-shell macadamia (shoots) America: Argentina,
Stevens & Wilcox, 1924, nut), Macadamia sp., Malus Bolivia, Brazil,
Botryosphaeria ribis var. ribis domesticum (apel, apple), Barbados, Canada,
Grossenb. & Duggar, 1911); Mangifera indica (mangga, Chile, Colombia, Costa
[a]: Neofusicoccum ribis (Slippers, mango), Persea americana Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Crous & M. J. Wingf.) Crous, (alpokat, avocado), Pistia Grenada, Honduras,
Slippers & A. J. L. Phillips, 2006; (water lettuce), Populus sp. Jamaica, Mexico,
(Syn. Botryodiplodia ribis (Fuckel) (poplars), Prunus Panama, Trinidad and
Petr., 1927, Botryodiplodia amygdalus (almon, badam, Tobago, USA, Uruguay,
majuscula Sacc., 1902, almond), Prunus persica Venezuela
Botryodiplodia ribis f. majuscula (persik, peach), Asia: Bangladesh,
(Sacc.) Zambett., 1955, Rhododendron (azalea), Brunei Darussalam,
Botryodiplodia ribis f. ribis (Fuckel) Ribes(currants), Rubus spp. China, Georgia
Petr., 1927, Cryptosporium (blackberry, raspberry), Republic of, India,
aesculi (Corda) Fr., 1832, Discella Olive Iran, Israel, Japan,
aesculi (Corda) Oudem., 1889, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Dothiorella aesculi (Corda) Petr., Nepal, Pakistan,
1922, Dothiorella gregaria Sacc., Republic of Korea
1881, Dothiorella ribis (Fuckel) (South Korea), Sri
Sacc., 1884, Fusicoccum Lanka, Taiwan,
aesculi Corda, 1829, Fusicoccum Thailand, Turkey
ribis Slippers, Crous & M.J. Wingf., Europe: Cyprus,
2004, Fusicoccum tingens Goid. France, Greece, Italy,
Podosporium ribis Fuckel, 1864, Netherlands, Portugal,
Septomyxa aesculi (Corda) Spain, United Kingdom
- 408 -

COMMON NAME)
Petr.,1921; Oceania: Australia,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Fiji, , Federated states
Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales, of Micronesia, New
Botryosphaeriaceae; Zealand, Papua New
cane blight, canker, dieback, fruit rot, Guinea, Solomon
gummosis, panicle and shoot blight, Islands
stem blight, tip dieback, white rot
11. [s]: Botryotinia aclada I Allium (onions, garlic, leek, biji (true seeds), Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
[a]: Botrytis aclada Fresen., 1850; etc.), Allium cepa (bawang bunga Morocco, South Africa,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, bombay, onion), Allium cepa (inflorescences), Tanzania, Zambia
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, var. aggregatum (bawang daun (leaves), America: Brazil,
Sclerotiniaceae; merah, shallot) umbi (bulbs) Canada, Chile,
grey mould of onion, neck rot of onion, Allium porrum (leek), Allium Colombia, Costa Rica,
leaf rot of onion, small sclerotial neck sativum (bawang putih, Guatemala, Jamaica,
rot fungus, garlic) Panama, USA,
neck rot fungus, grey mould neck rot Venezuela
of onion, small sclerotial onion neck Asia: Afghanistan,
rot Bangladesh, China,
Georgia, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Jordan, Republic of
Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Taiwan,
- 409 -

COMMON NAME)
Turkey, Vietnam
Europe: Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Republic, Finland,
France, Germany,
Italy, Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
12. [s]: Botryotinia draytonii (Buddin & I Gladiolus spp., Gladiolus tanaman (whole Asia: Pakistan
Wakefield) Seaver; hybrid (sword lily) plant), umbi
[a]: Botrytis gladiorum Timmerm (corms)
(1941);
(Syn. Sclerotinia draytonii (Buddin
& Wakef.) Seaver., 1951);
Ascomycetes, Pezizomycotina,
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales,
Sclerotiniaceae;
core rot of gladiolus, corm rot
- 410 -

COMMON NAME)
13. [s]: Botryotinia porri (J.F.H. Beyma) I Allium (onions, garlic, leek, biji (true seeds), America: Canada,
Whetzel, 1945; etc.), Allium cepa (bawang bunga Chile, USA, Venezuela
[a]: Botrytis porri N.F. Buchw., 1949; bombay, onion), Allium (infloroscences), Asia: China, Iran
(Syn. Sclerotinia porri J.F.H. Bey, a, porrum (bawang prei, leek), daun (leaves), Europe: Finland,
1927); Allium sativum (bawang umbi (bulbs) Germany, Hungary,
Ascomycetes, Pezizomycotina, putih, garlic) Norway, United
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, Kingdom
Sclerotiniaceae; Oceania: Australia,
Botrytis rot of garlic, Botrytis rot of New Zealand
leek, seedling damping-off of onion,
neck rot of onion, mycelia onion neck
rot
14. [s]: Botryotinia squamosa Vienn.- I Allium (onions, garlic, leek, biji (true seeds), Africa: Mauritius
Bourg., 1953; etc.), Allium cepa (bawang bunga America: Brazil,
[a]: Botrytis squamosa J.C. Walker, bombay, onion), Allium (inflorescences), Canada, USA
1925; chinense (spring onion), daun (leaves), Asia: China, DPR
(Syn. Sclerotinia squamosa (Vienn. Allium fistulosum (bawang umbi (bulbs) Korea (North Korea),
Bourg.) Dennis, 1956); daun, welsh onion), Allium Japan, Republic of
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, schoenoprasum (chives), Korea (South Korea)
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, Allium tuberosum (kucai, Europe: Belgium,
Sclerotiniaceae; oriental garlic) Bulgaria, Czech
leaf blight of onion, neck rot of onion, Republic, France,
small sclerotial neck rot, onion leaf Germany, Ireland,
blight, onion neck rot Italy, Netherlands,
Poland, Scotland,
- 411 -

COMMON NAME)
United Kingdom
Oceania: New
Caledonia, New
Zealand
15. [s]: Botryotinia tulipae; I Tulipa sp. (tulip, tulip), biji (true seeds), Africa: Egypt
[a]: Botrytis tulipae (Lib.) Lind, 1913; Allium cepa (bawang bunga America: Argentina,
(Syn. Botrytis parasitica Schleid., bombay, onion), Lilium sp. (inflorescences), Canada, Chile, USA
1845, Sclerotinia tulipae (Lib) (lili, lily) daun (leaves), Asia: DPR Korea (North
Boud., 1907, Sclerotium tulipae umbi (bulbs, Korea), Iraq, Japan,
Lib., 1830, Sclerotium tulipaae corms) Kazakhstan,
Weinm., 1836); Kyrgyzstan,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Philippines, Republic
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, of Korea (South Korea),
Sclerotiniaceae; Tajikistan,
tulip fire Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Georgia,
- 412 -

COMMON NAME)
Germany, Greece,
Guernsey, Hungary,
Italy, Jersey, Latvia,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovenia,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
16. [s]: - I Glycine max (kedelai, biji (true seeds) Africa: Egypt
[a]: Cadophora gregata (Allington & D. soyabean), Vigna angularis America: Brazil,
W. Chamb.) T. C. Harr. & McNew, (adzuki bean), Vigna radiata Canada, Mexico,
2003); (kacang hijau, mungbean) Puerto Rico, USA
(Syn. Cephalosporium gregatum Asia: Japan
Allington & D.W. Chamb., 1948, Europe: Bosnia and
Phialophora gregata (Allington & Herzegovina, Croatia,
D.W. Chamb.) W. Gams, 1971); Montenegro, North
Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes, Helotiales; Macedonia, Poland,
brown rot Serbia, Slovenia
17. [s]: - I Allium cepa var. agregatum daun (leaves), Africa: Madagascar,
- 413 -

COMMON NAME)
[a]: Cercospora duddiae Welles, 1923; (bawang merah, shallot), tanaman (whole Mauritius, Nigeria,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Allium cepa var. plant) Sierra Leone, Uganda
Dothideomycetes, Mycosphaerellales, Ascalonicum (bawang America: Barbados,
Mycosphaerellaceae; bombay, onion), Allium Jamaica
leaf spot of onion and garlic, withertip sativum (bawang putih, Asia: India, Malaysia,
onion of and garlic, leaf spot of garlic, garlic), Allium Myanmar, Oman
leaf spot of onion schoenoprasum (chives)
18. [s]: - I Orchidaceae (anggrek, batang (stems), Europe: Italy,
[a]: Cercospora epipactidis; orchids) bunga Germany, Russian
(Syn. Cercospora missal ex. Sacc. (inflorescences), Federation
(1911); daun (leaves),
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, tangkai bunga
Dothideomycetes, Mycosphaerellales,
Mycosphaerellaceae;
leaf spot
19. [s]: Ciborinia allii (Sawada) L.M. Kohn, I Allium, Allium cepa (bawang biji (true seeds), Africa: Egypt,
1979; bombay, onion), Allium daun (leaves), Tanzania, Zambia
(Syn. Botryotinia allii (Sawada) W. fistulosum (bawang daun, umbi (bulbs) America: Brazil,
Yamam., 1956); welsh onion), Allium porrum Canada, Dominican
[a]: Botrytis allii Munn, 1917; (bawang prei, leek), Allium Republic, Jamaica,
(Syn. Botrytis byssoidea J.C. sativum (bawang putih, USA
Walker, 1925, Sclerotinia allii garlic) Asia: China, Iraq,
Sawada, 1919); Israel, Jepang, Jordan,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Republic of Korea
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, (South Korea), Taiwan
- 414 -

COMMON NAME)
Sclerotiniaceae; Europe: Bulgaria,
neck rot of onion Cyprus, Denmark,
Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Poland,
Slovenia, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
20. [s]: - Carica papaya (pepaya, batang (stems Africa: Kenya,
[a]: Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & pawpaw), Citrullus lanatus (above ground), Mauritius, Morocco,
Arthur 1889; (semangka, watermelon), trunks, South Africa, Zambia,
(Syn. Cladosporium scabies Cooke, Cucumis melo (melon, branches), Zimbabwe
1903, Cladosporium cucumeris A. melon), Cucumis sativus buah (fruits), America: Barbados,
B. Frank, 1893, Macrosporium (mentimun, cucumber), bunga (flowers, Canada, Chile, Cuba,
melophthorum (Prill. & Decalr.) Cucurbita maxima (giant inflorescences, El Salvador, Mexico,
Rostr., 1893, Scolicotrichum labu, pumpkin), Cucurbita cones, calyx), Panama, Puerto Rico,
melophthorum Prill. & Decalr., moschata (labu, pumpkin), biji (true seeds, Trinidad and Tobago,
1891); Cucurbita pepo (labu grains), daun USA
Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, kuning, zukini, zucchini) (leaves), polong Asia: Bhutan, China,
Capnodiales, Cladosporiaceae; (pods), tunas India, Iran, Israel,
scab of cucurbits, gummosis of (shoots) Japan, Lebanon,
cucumber Pakistan, Republic of
Thailand, Turkey,
Yemen
- 415 -

COMMON NAME)
Europe: Austria,
Belarus, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: French
Polynesia
21. [s]: Claviceps africana Frederickson, I Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, batang (stems Africa: Angola,
Mantle & amp; De Milliano 1991; sorghum), Sorghum (above ground), Botswana, Burkina
[a]: Sphacelia sorghi McRae 1917; halepense (Johnson grass) trunks, Faso, Burundi,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, branches), (true Ethiopia, Ghana,
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, seed, grains), Kenya, Lesotho,
Clavicipitaceae; bunga Malawi, Mozambique,
ergot, sorghum ergot, sugary disease (inflorescences, Nigeria, Rwanda,
cones, calyx), Senegal, South Africa,
daun (leaves), Sudan, Swaziland,
- 416 -

COMMON NAME)
media tanam Tanzania, Uganda,
(growing media Zambia, Zimbabwe
associated with America: Argentina,
plants), tunas Bolivia, Brazil,
(shoots) Colombia, Dominica,
Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico,
Paraguay, Puerto Rico,
USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: India, Japan,
Thailand, Yemen
Oceania: Australia
22. [s]: Claviceps gigantea SF Fuentes, I Zea mays (jagung, corn, biji (true seeds, America: Mexico
Isla, Ullstrup & amp; AE Rord maize) grains), bunga
1964; (inflorescences,
[a]: - cones, calyx),
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, media tanam
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, (growing media
Clavicipitaceae; associated with
ergot of maize, horse's tooth plants)
23. [s]: Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul., 1853; I Agrostis (bent grasses), biji (true seeds, Africa: Algeria,
(Syn. Claviceps microcephala Avena sativa (oat, oats), grains), bunga Ethiopia, Guinea,
(Wallr.) Tul., 1853, Claviceps Bromus (bromegrasses), (inflorescences, Kenya, Malawi,
microcephala var. acus Desm., Cynodon (quickgrass), cones, calyx), Mauritania, Mauritius,
- 417 -

COMMON NAME)
1850, Claviceps microcephala var. Echinochloa spp., Festuca media tanam Morocco, South Africa,
microcephala (Wallr.) Tul., 1853, (fescues), Hordeum (barli, (growing media Sudan, Tanzania,
Claviceps purpurea var. agropyri barley), Hordeum vulgare associated with Zimbabwe
Tanda, 1981, Claviceps purpurea (barli, barley), Lolium (rye plants) America: Argentina,
var. purpurea (Fr.) Tul., 1853, grasses), Lolium perenne Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Claviceps purpurea f. purpurea (Fr.) (perennial rye grass), Chile, Colombia,
Tul., 1853) Tul., 1853, Claviceps Panicum (millets), Dominican Republic,
purpurea f. secalis J. Krebs, 1936, Pennisetum (feather grass), Ecuador, French
Claviceps sesleriae Stäger, Phleum (timothies), Poa Guiana, Mexico,
Claviceps setulosa (Quel.) Sacc., (meadow grass), Poa Paraguay, Peru, USA,
Cordyceps microcephala (Wallr.) pratensis (rumput iru Uruguay, Venezuela
Berk. & Broome, Cordyceps Kentucky, smooth-stalked Asia: China, India,
purpurea (Fr.) Fr., 1849, Cordyceps meadowgrass), Poaceae Iran, Israel, Japan,
purpurea var. acus Desm., 1850, (grasses), Secale (gandum Kazakhstan,
Cordyceps purpurea var. purpurea hitam, rye), Secale cereale Kyrgyzstan, Nepal,
(Fr.) Berk., 1849, Cordyceps (gandum hitam, rye), Philippines, Republic
setulosa Quel., Kentrosporium Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, of Korea (South Korea),
microcephalum Wallr., 1846, sorghum), Triticum (wheat, Turkey
Sphaeria entomorrhiza Schumach., gandum), Triticum aestivum Europe: Armenia,
1803, Sphaeria purpurea Fr., (gandum, wheat) Austria, Belgium,
1823); Bosnia and
[a]: Sphacelia segetum Lév., 1827; Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
(Syn. Sclerotium clavus DC., Croatia, Czech,
(1815), Spermoedia clavus (DC.) Denmark, Faroe
Fr., 1822, Sphacelia segetum Lev., Islands, Finland,
- 418 -

COMMON NAME)
1827); France, Germany,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Greece, Hungary,
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Clavicipitaceae; Montenegro,
sugary disease Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
24. [s]: - I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) batang (stems), Africa: Angola,
[a]: Colletotrichum kahawae J.M Waller buah (fruits), Burundi, Cameroon,
& Bridge,1993; bunga Central African
(Syn. Colletotrichum coffeanum F. (inflorescences) Republic, Congo, DR
Noack (sensu Hindorf, 1970), Congo, Ethiopia,
Colletotrichum kahawae subsp. Kenya, Malawi,
kahawae J.M. Waller & bridge, Mozambique, Rwanda,
1993, Colletotrichum coffeanum Tanzania, Uganda,
'var. virulans' (Rayner, 1952), Zambia, Zimbabwe
Colletotrichum kahawae subsp. America: Cuba
- 419 -

COMMON NAME)
ciggaro B.S. Weir & P.R. Johnst.,
2012);
Sordariomycetes, Glomerellales,
Glomerellaceae;
anthracnose of coffee, brown blight of
coffee, coffee berry disease
25. [s]: - I Poaceae (grasses), Sorghum batang (stems), Africa: Benin,
[a]: Colletotrichum sublineolum Henn. bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), biji (true seeds), Botswana, Burkina
ex Sacc. & Trotter (1913); Zizania aquatica (annual bunga Faso, Burundi,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, wildrice) (inflorescences), Cameroon, Central
Sordariomycetes, Glomerellales, daun (leaves) African Republic,
Glomerellaceae; Chad, DR Congo,
sorghum anthracnose, stalk red rot of Ethiopia, Ghana,
sorghum, red leaf spot of sorghum, Guinea, Kenya,
head blight of sorghum Malawi, Mali,
Mozambique, Niger,
Nigeria, Rwanda,
Senegal, Sierra Leone,
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina,
Brazil, Barbados,
- 420 -

COMMON NAME)
Canada, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Cuba, El
Salvador, Guatemala,
Guyana, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Puerto Rico, Trinidad
and Tobago, USA,
Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh,
Cambodia, China,
India, Japan, Lebanon,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, Republic
of Korea (South Korea),
Sri Lanka, Taiwan,
Thailand
Europe: Romania,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands
26. [s]: - I Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang (stems), Africa: Kenya
- 421 -

COMMON NAME)
[a]: Coniothyrium wernsdorffiae tanaman (whole America: Canada, USA
Laubert, 1905; plant) Europe: Austria,
(Syn. Coniothyrium cystotricha Bulgaria, Denmark,
(Schulzer) Sacc. & Traverso, 1910, France, Germany,
Sacidium cystotricha Schulzer, Greece, Italy,
1871); Lithuania,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Netherlands, Poland,
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Russian Federation,
Coniothyriaceae; Sweden, Ukraine,
rose brand canker United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
27. [s]: Davidiella allii-cepae (M.M. Jord., I Allium cepa (onion), Allium umbi lapis America: Brazil
Maude & Burchill) Crous & U. porum (bawang prei, leek), (bulbs), daun Asia: Republic of Korea
Braun, 2003; Allium fistulosum (bawang (leaves) (South Korea)
(Syn. Mycosphaerella allii-cepae daun, welsh onion) Europe: Germany,
M.M. Jord., Maude & Burchill, Switzerland, United
1986); Kingdom
[a]: Cladosporium allii-cepae (Ranoj.)
M.B. Ellis, 1976;
(Syn. Heterosporium allii-cepae
Ranoj., 1910, Heterosporium allii-
cepae var. cepivorum Nicolas &
Aggery, 1927);
Dothideomycetes, Capnodiales,
- 422 -

COMMON NAME)
Cladosporiaceae;
Leafspot
28. [s]: Diaporthe neoviticola Udayanga, I Olea europaea subsp. batang (stems), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Crous & K. D. Hyde, 2012; europaea (European olive), buah (fruits), Kenya, South Africa,
(Syn. Cryptosporella viticola Shear, Parthenocissus quinquefolia bunga Tunisia, Zimbabwe
1911); (creeper), Vitis labrusca (fox (inflorescences), America: Argentina,
[a]: Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc., grape), Vitis rupestris (sand- daun (leaves) Brazil, Canada, Chile,
1915; grape), Vitis vinifera Mexico, USA,
(Sym. Diplodia viticola Desm., (anggur, grapevine) Venezuela
1838, Diplodia viticola f. foliicola Asia: Brunei
Lobik, 1926, Diplodia viticola f. Darussalam, China,
viticola Desm., 1838, Fusicoccum India, Japan, Taiwan,
viticola Reddick, 1909, Turkey
Metadiplodia subsolitaria f. viticola Europe: Austria,
(Desm.) Zambett., 1955, Phoma Belgium, Bosnia and
viticola Sacc., 1880, Phoma viticola Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
var. labrucae Gonz. Frag., 1917, Croatia, France,
Phoma viticola var. viticola sacc., Germany, Greece,
1880, Phoma vitis Bonord., 1864, Hungary, Italy, Jersey,
Phomopsis viticola var. Moldova, Montenegro,
ampelopsidis Grove, 1919 ); Netherlands, North
Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Macedonia, Poland,
Diaporthales, Diaporthaceae; Portugal, Romania,
Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, Russian Federation,
Phomopsis cane and leaf blight, black Serbia, Slovenia,
- 423 -

COMMON NAME)
knot of grapevine, black rot of Spain, Switzerland,
grapevine, dead-arm of grapevine, Ukraine, United
necrosis of grapevine Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
29. [s]: Diaporthe perseae (Zerova) R.R. I Persea americana (alpukat, buah (fruits) Africa: South Africa
Gomes, C. Glienke & Crous, 2013; avocado) America: USA
[a]: Phomopsis perseae Zerova, 1940; Asia: China
Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales,
Diaporthaceae;
fruit rot
30. [s]: Didymella lycopersici Kleb. 1921; I Capsicum (peppers), batang (stems Africa: Ivory Coast,
[a]: Phoma lycopersici (Plowr.) Jacz., Solanum lycopersicum (above ground), Morocco, Nigeria
1898; (tomat, tomato), Solanum trunks, America: Barbados,
(Syn. Ascochyta lycopersici melongena (terung, branches), biji Brazil, Canada, Cuba,
Brunaud, 18, Diplodina lycopersici eggplant, aubergine), (true seeds, Dominican Republic,
Hollos, 1907, Sphaeronaema Solanum nigrum (leunca, grains), buah Haiti, Mexico, Panama,
lycopersicI Plowr., 1881); black nightshade), Solanum (fruits), media Puerto Rico, Trinidad
Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, tuberosum (kentang, potato) tanam (growing and Tobago, USA,
Pleosporales, Didymellaceae; media Venezuela
canker of tomato, ascochyta blight, associated with Asia: Brunei
fruit rot of tomato, leaf spot of tomato, plants), polong Darussalam, China,
stem canker of tomato, stem rot of (pods), tunas India, Israel, Japan,
tomato (shoots) Jordan, Malaysia
- 424 -

COMMON NAME)
Europe: Albania,
Armenia, Austria,
Belarus, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Ireland, Italy,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Montenegro,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Serbia,
Spain, Sweden,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom
Oceania: French
Polynesia, New
Caledonia, New
Zealand, Papua New
Guinea, Tonga
31. [s]: - I Cattleya sp. (anggrek daun (leaves), America: Antigua and
[a]: Diplodia laelio-cattleyae Sibilia, cattleya, cattleya) tanaman (whole Barbuda, Argentina,
1927; plant) Bahamas, Barbados,
(Syn. Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae Belize, Bolivia,
- 425 -

COMMON NAME)
(Sibilia) A. Alves, 2017); Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Dothideomycetes, Diaporthales, Cuba, Dominica,
Diaporthaceae; Dominican Republic,
leaf spot Ecuador, El Salvador,
Grenada, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay,
Nevis, Saint Lucia,
USA, Uruguay,
Venezuela
32. [s]: Elsinoe arachidis (Bitanc. & I Arachys hypogaea (kacang batang (stems), Africa: Swaziland
Jenkins) Rossman & W.C. Allen, tanah, groundnut) daun (leaves) America: Argentina,
2016; Brazil, Colombia
[a]: Sphaceloma arachidis Bitanc. & Asia: China, Japan
Jenkins (1940);
Dothideomycetes, Myriangiales,
Elsinoaceae;
- 426 -

COMMON NAME)
groundnut scab, peanut scab, scab of
groundnut, scab: groundnut
33. [s]: Elsinoe brasiliensis Bitanc. & I Jatropha curcas (jarak, batang (stems), America: Barbados,
Jenkins 1942; jatropha), Manihot esculenta daun (leaves) Brazil, Colombia,
(Syn. Elsinoë jatrophae Bitanc. & (ubi kayu, cassava), Mexico, Panama,
Jenkins, 1951); Manihot glaziovii (ceara Venezuela
[a]: Sphaceloma manihoticola Bitanc. & rubber) Oceania: Cook Islands
Jenkins 1950;
(Syn. Sphaceloma brasiliensis
Zundel, 1931);
Elsinoaceae;
superelongation disease of cassava,
cassava root enlargement
34. [s]: Elsinoe mangiferae Bitanc. & I Mangifera indica (mangga, buah (fruits), Africa: Kenya
Jenkins, 1946; mango) daun (leaves) America: Brazil,
[a]: Denticularia mangiferae (Bitanc. & Canada, Cuba,
Jenkins) Alcorn, Grice & R.A. Dominica, Grenada,
Peterson 1999; Guyana, Haiti,
(Sym. Sphaceloma mangiferae Jamaica, Panama,
Bitanc. & Jenkins, 1956); Puerto Rico, Saint Kitts
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, and Navis, Saint Lucia,
Dothideomycetes, Myriangiales, Saint Vincent and the
Elsinoaceae; Grenadines, Trinidad
- 427 -

COMMON NAME)
mango scab and Tobago, USA
Asia: India, Nepal,
Philippines, Taiwan
Oceania: Australia
35. [s]: Elsinoe rosarum Jenkins & Bitanc. I Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang (stems), America: USA
1932; daun (leaves),
[a]: Sphaceloma rosarum (Pass.) tangkai bunga
Jenkins 1932;
(Syn. Gloeosporium rosarum (Pass.)
Grove, 1937, Phyllosticta rosarum
Pass. 1881);
Elsinoaceae;
kudis, scab
36. [s]: Erysiphe bertolinii Roum., 1880; I Prunus (stone fruit), Prunus buah (fruits) Africa: Canary Islands,
(Syn. Erysiphe tridactyla (Wallr.) armeniaca (apricot), Prunus Egypt, Libya, Morocco,
Rabenh., 1844); avium (ceri manis, sweet South Africa
[a]: Podosphaera tridactyla (Wallr.) de cherry), Prunus domestica America: Argentina,
Bary, 1870; (prem, plum), Prunus dulcis Canada, Chile,
(Syn. Alphitomorpha tridactyla (almon, badam, almond), Ecuador, Mexico, Peru,
Wallr., 1833, Oidium passerinii Prunus hypoleuca, Prunus USA
Bertol., 1879, Podosphaera persica (peach) Asia: Afghanistan,
clandestina var. tridactyla (Wallr.) China, Georgia,India,
W.B. Cooke, 1952, Podosphaera Iran, Iraq, Israel,
- 428 -

COMMON NAME)
oxyacanthae var. tridactyla (Wallr.) Japan, Jordan,
E.S. Salmon, 1900, Podosphaera Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
tridactyla f. tridactyla (Wallr.) de Republic of Korea
Bary, 1870, Podosphaera tridactyla (South Korea), Saudi
var. prunicola Y.S. paul & V.K. Arabia, Taiwan,
Thakur, 2006, Podosphaera Tajikistan, Turkey,
tridactyla var. tridactyla (Wallr.) de Turkmenistan,
Bary, 1870); Uzbekistan, Yemen
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Europe: Armenia,
Leotiomycetes; Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
powdery mildew of apricot Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Lithuania, Malta,
Montenegro,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Spain,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom
- 429 -

COMMON NAME)
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
37. [s]: Erysiphe cichoracearum sensu Begonia, Beta vulgaris var. batang (stems Africa: Egypt, Libya,
auct. NZ, Erysiphe orontii var. saccharifera (bit, sugar (above ground), South Africa, Sudan,
papaveris Y. S. Paul & V. K. beet), Campanula trunks, Tunisia
Thakur, 2006; rapunculoides (creeping branches), bibit America: Argentina,
(Syn. Erysiphe cichoracearum f. bellflower), Capsicum (seedlings), Brazil, Canada, Puerto
scrophulariae Koshk., 1961, annuum (paprika, bell buah (fruits), Rico, USA, Venezuela
Erysiphe cichoracearum f. fumariae pepper), Citrullus lanatus bunga (flowers, Asia: Afghanistan,
Annal., 1960, Erysiphe polyphaga (semangka, watermelon), inflorescences, China, Georgia, India,
Hammarl., 1945, Erysiphe tabaci Clitoria ternatea (butterfly- cones, calyx), Iran, Kuwait, Lebanon,
Sawada, 1928, Erysiphe pea), Convolvulus arvensis daun (leaves), Philippines, Republic
cichoracearum f. actinostemonis (bindweed), Cucumis melo polong (pods), of Korea (South Korea),
Jacz., 1927, Erysiphe (melon, melon), Cucumis tanaman hasil Taiwan, Tajikistan,
cichoracearum f. apocyni Jacz., sativus (mentimun, mikropropagasi Turkey
1927, Erysiphe cichoracearum f. cucumber), Cucurbita (micropropagate Europe: Austria,
asclepiadis Jacz., 1927, Erysiphe maxima (labu, giant d plants), tunas Belgium, Bulgaria,
cichoracearum f. campanulae Jacz., pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (shoots) Croatia, Czech
1927, Erysiphe orontii Castagne, (labu kuning, zukini, Republic, Denmark,
1851, Erysiphe orontii var. orontii zucchini), Eucalyptus spp. Estonia, Finland,
Castagne, 1851); (eukaliptus, eucalyptus), France, Germany,
[a]: Golovinomyces orontii (Castagne) V. Euphorbia (spurges), Greece, Hungary, Italy,
P. Heluta, 1988; Fragaria ananassa Lithuania,
(Syn. Euoidium lini (Bondartsev) Y. (stroberi, strawberry), Netherlands, Norway,
S. Paul & J. N. Kapoor, 1987, Galium aparine (cleavers), Poland, Portugal,
- 430 -

COMMON NAME)
Acrosporium lini (Škorič) Subram., Hibiscus (rosemallows), Romania, Russian
1971, Oidium lini Škorič, 1926, Lactuca sativa (selada, Federation, Slovenia,
Oidium lini Bondartsev, 1913, lettuce), Lactuca serriola Spain, Sweden,
Oidium begoniae Puttemans, 1911); (prickly lettuce), Lagenaria, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes, Limnanthes douglasii, Luffa United Kingdom
Erysiphales, Erysiphaceae; acutangula (angled luffa), Oceania: Australia,
white mould, powdery mildew Mentha piperita New Zealand
(Peppermint), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Petunia hybrida,
Phlox paniculata (summer
perennial phlox), Pisum
sativum (kapri, pea),
Plantago (Plantain), Senecio
vulgaris, Sesamum
(Sesame), Solanum
tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine),
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Trichosanthes
dioica (pointed gourd),
- 431 -

COMMON NAME)
Valerianella locusta
(common cornsalad), Vinca
(periwinkle), Vinca minor
(common periwinkle)
38. [s]: Erysiphe quercicola S. Takam. & U. I Anacardium occidentale buah (fruits), Africa: Malawi,
Braun, 2007; Anacardium occidentale daun (leaves), Mozambique,
[a]: Pseudoidium anacardii (F. Noack) (jambu mete, cashew-nut), tanaman (whole Tanzania, Zambia
U. Braun & R. T. A. Cook, 2012; Cinnamomum camphora, plant) America: Brazil, Mexico
(Syn.Oidium anacardii F. Noack., Citrus reticulata, Qoercus Asia: Vietnam
1898), Oidium citri (J.M. Yen) U. robur, Quercicola (oaks)
Braun, 1982, Acrosporium
anacardii (F. Noack) J.A. Stev.,
1975, Acrosporium heveae (B.A.
Steinm.) Subram., 1971,
Acrosporium mangiferae (Berthet)
Subram., 1971, Oidium
erysiphoides f. citri J.M. Yen, 1967,
Oidium heveae B.A. Steinm., 1925,
Oidium mangiferae Berthet, 1914);
Leotiomycetes, Erysiphales,
Erysiphaceae;
powdery mildew
39. [s]: Exobasidium reticulatum Ito et I Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) batang (stems), Asia: China, Japan,
Sawada, 1912; daun (leaves) Malaysia, Taiwan
- 432 -

COMMON NAME)
[a]: -
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina,
Exobasidiomycetes, Exobasidiales,
Exobasidiaceae;
net blister blight of tea
40. [s]: Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst. I Abies alba (fir, silver fir), akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Morocco
1881; Abies amabilis (Pacific silver batang (stems) America: Brazil,
(Syn. Antrodia serpens var. tuber P. fir), Abies balsamea (balsam Canada, Guatemala,
Karst., 1889, Antrodia tuber (P. fir), Abies concolor (Rocky Mexico, USA,
Karst) P. Karst., 1898, Boletus Mountain white fir), Abies Asia: China, India,
fulvus Schaeff., 1774, Boletus grandis (grand fir), Abies Iran, Israel, Japan,
marginatus Pers., 1794, Boletus holophylla (Manchurian fir), Kazakhstan, Nepal,
pinicola Sw., 1810, Boletus Abies lasiocarpa (rocky Pakistan, Philippines,
semiovatus Schaeff., 1774, Coriolus mountain fir), Abies Taiwan, Thailand,
helveolus (Rostk.) Quél., 1890, magnifica (red fir), Abies Turkey
Favolus pinihalepensis Pat., 1897, nephrolepis (Khingan fir), Europe: Armenia,
Fomes albus (Lázaro Ibiza) Sacc. & Abies nordmanniana Austria, Azerbaijan,
Trotter, 1925, Fomes cinnamomeus (Nordmann fir), Abies Belarus, Bosnia and
(Trog) Fr., 1849, Fomes lychneus procera (noble fir), Abies Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Lázaro Ibiza, 1916, Fomes religiosa (sacred fir), Acer Croatia, Czech
marginatus (Pers.) Fr., 1849, Fomes pictum (painted maple), Republic, Denmark,
marginatus f. marginatus (Pers.) Fr., Alnus glutinosa (European Estonia, Finland,
1849, Fomes marginatus f. alder), Alnus incana (grey France, Germany,
paludosus f. paludosus Murashk. alder), Acer macrophyllum, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Ex Pilát, 1936, Fomes pini- Agathis, Betula Latvia, Lithuania,
- 433 -

COMMON NAME)
halepensis Pat. 1897, Fomes alleghaniensis (yellow Montenegro,
pinicola (Sw.) Fr., 1849, Fomes birch), Betula papyrifera Netherlands, North
pinicola var. marginatus (Pers.) (paper birch), Betula Macedonia, Norway,
Overh., 1953, Fomes pinicola var. pendula (common silver Poland, Romania,
pinicola (Sw.) Fr., 1849, Fomes birch), Betula platyphylla Russian Federation,
subungulatus Murrill, 1908, Fomes (Manchurian birch), Betula Serbia, Slovakia,
thomsonii (Berk.) Cooke, 1885, populifolia (gray birch), Slovenia, Spain,
Fomitopsis marginata (Pers.) P. Calocedrus decurrens, Sweden, Switzerland,
Karst., 1881, Fomitopsis pinicola f. Carpinus betulus Ukraine, United
effusa (Bourdot & Galzin) (hornbeam), Carpinus Kingdom
Domański, Orloś & Skirg., 1967, cordata (heart-leaved Oceania: Australia
Fomitopsis pinicola f. paludosa hornbeam), Carya
(Murash. ek Pilát) Domański, Orloś (hickories), Castanea
& Skirg., 1967, Fomitopsis pinicola (chestnuts), Chamaecyparis
f. pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst., 1881, nootkatensis (Alaska cedar),
Fomitopsis subungulata (Murrill) Corylusavellana (hazel),
Imazeki, 1943, Friesia rubra Lázaro Fagus grandifolia (American
Ibiza, 1916, Ganoderma rubrum beech), Fagus sylvatica
(Lázaro Ibiza) Sacc. & Trotter, 1925, (common beech), Larix
Ischnoderma helveolum (Rostk.) P. gmelinii (Dahurian larch),
Karst., 1879, Mensularia alba Larix kaempferi (Japanese
Lázaro Ibiza, 1916, Mensularia larch), Larix komarovii, Larix
marginata (Pers.) Lázaro Ibiza, laricina (American larch),
1916, Piptoporus helveolus (Rostk.) Malus domestica (apel,
P. Karst., 1882, Placodes helveolus apple), Picea abies (common
- 434 -

COMMON NAME)
(Rostk.) Quél., 1886, Placodes spruce), Picea glauca (white
marginatus (Pers.) Quél., 1886, spruce), Picea jezoensis
Placodes pinicola (Sw.) Pat., 1887, (Yeddo spruce), Picea
Polyporus cinnamomeus sensu Trog, koraiensis (Korean spruce),
1832, Polyporus helveolus Rostk., Picea mariana (black
1838, Polyporus marginatus (Pers.) spruce), Picea obovata
Fr. 1821, Polyporus parvulus (Siberian spruce), Picea
(Lázaro Ibiza) Sacc. & Trotter, 1925, rubens (red spruce), Picea
Polyporus pinicola (Sw.) Fr., 1821, sitchensis (Sitka spruce),
Polyporus pinicola var. pinicola (Sw.) Pinus contorta (lodgepole
Fr., 1821, Polyporus ponderosus H. pine), Pinus edulis (pinyon),
Schrenk, 1903, Polyporus Pinus flexilis (limber pine),
semiovatus (Schaeff.) Britzelm., Picea engelmannii
1887, Polyporus thomsonii Berk., (Engelmann spruce), Picea
1854, Pseudofomes pinicola (Sw.) pungens (blue spruce),
Lázaro Ibiza, 1916, Scindalma Pinus lambertiana (big
cinnamomeum (Trog) Kuntze, 1898, pine), Pinus monophylla
Scindalma marginatum (Pers.) (single-leaf pinyon pine),
Kuntze, 1898, Scindalma Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa
semiovatum (Schaeff.) Kuntze, 1898, pine), Pinus sibirica
Scindalma thomsonii (Berk.) Kuntze, (Siberian stone pine), Pinus
1898, Trametes marginata (Pers.) P. strobus (eastern white pine),
Karst., 1882, Trametes pinicola Pinus tabuliformis (chinese
(Sw.) P. Karst., 1882, Ungularia pine), Pinus koraiensis (fruit
parvula Lázaro Ibiza, 1916, pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scots
- 435 -

COMMON NAME)
Ungulina marginata (Pers.) Pat., pine), Platanus occidentalis
1900, Ungulina marginata f. effusa (sycamore), Platanus
Bourdot & Galzin, 1925, Ungulina orientalis (plane), Populus
marginata f. marginata (Pers.) Pat., grandidentata (Bigtooth
1900, Ungulina marginata f. aspen), Populus
paludosa Pilát, 1936, Ungulina maximowiczii (Japanese
marginata f. przibramensis Pilát, poplar), Populus nigra
1929, Ungulina marginata f. (black poplar), Populus
resupinata Bourdot & Galzin, 1925, tremula (aspen (European)),
Ungulina pinicola (Sw.) Singer, Populus tremuloides
1929); (trembling aspen), Prunus
[a]: - avium (ceri manis, sweet
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, cherry), Prunus salicina
Agaricomycetes, Polyporales, (Japanese plum), Prunus
Fomitopsidaceae; persica (peach), Prunus
brown crumbly rot, brown cubical sargentii (sargent's cherry),
heart rot of fir, brown rot of conifers, Prunus serotina (black
pinicola conk, red belt fungus, root rot cherry), Pseudotsuga
conifers, menziesii (Douglas-fir),
Tsuga heterophylla (western
hemlock), Tsuga
mertensiana (Patton's
hemlock), Vitis (grape)
Magnolia, Salix alba (white
willow), Salix caprea (pussy
- 436 -

COMMON NAME)
willow), Salix fragilis (crack
willow), Sequoia
sempervirens (coast
redwood), Sorbus aucuparia
(mountain ash), Thuja
occidentalis (Eastern white
cedar), Thuja plicata
(western redcedar), Tilia
cordata (small-leaf lime),
Tsuga canadensis (eastern
hemlock)
41. [s]: - I Morus (mulberrytree), akar (roots), Africa: Algeria,
[a]: Fusarium chlamydosporum Pennisetum glaucum (pearl batang (stems), Cameroon, Canary
Wollenw. & Reinking, 1925; millet), Pinus alepensis biji (true seeds), Islands, Egypt,
(Syn. Dactylium fusarioides Gonz. (pinus, Aleppo pine), media tanam Gambia, Guyana,
Frag. & Cif., 1928, Fusarium Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, (growing media Kenya, Libya,
chlamydosporum var. sorghum) associated with Mozambique, Namibia,
chlamydosporum Wollenw. & plants) Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
Reinking, 1925, Fusarium Swaziland, Zambia,
chlamydosporum var. fuscum Zimbabwe
Gerlach, 1977, Fusarium America: Barbados,
fusarioides (Gonz. Frag. & Cif.) C. Colombia, Jamaica,
Booth, 1971, Fusarium USA, Venezuela
sporotrichioides var. Asia: Bangladesh,
chlamydosporum (Wollenw. & China, Hong Kong,
- 437 -

COMMON NAME)
Reinking) Joffe, 1974, India, Israel, Japan,
Pseudofusarium purpureum Kuwait, Malaysia,
Matsush., 1971); Oman, Pakistan, Saudi
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, Tanzania, Turkey, Uni
Nectriaceae; Emirates Arab
wilt cotton Europe: Cyprus,
Denmark, Germany,
Italy, Netherlands,
Portugal, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa
42. [s]: - I Elaeis guineensis (kelapa akar (roots), Africa: Benin,
[a]: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. elaeidis sawit, oilpalm) batang (stems), Cameroon, DR Congo,
Schltdl.: Fr., 1824; biji (true seeds), Ghana, Ivory Coast,
(Syn. Fusarium angustum buah (fruits), Nigeria
Sherb.,1915); bunga America: Brazil,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (inflorescences), Colombia, Costa Rica,
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, daun (leaves), Ecuador, Suriname
Nectriaceae; media tanam
fusarium wilt of oil palm, vascular oil (growing media
palm wilt associated with
plants)
- 438 -

COMMON NAME)
43. [s]: - Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Eruca akar (roots), Asia: Japan, Taiwan
[a]: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. raphani; vesicaria (purple-vein batang (stems), Europe: Netherlands
Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, rocket), Raphanus sativus bibit (seedlings),
Hypocreales, Nectriaceae; (lobak, radish) media tanam
wilt of radish (growing media
associated with
plants)
44. [s]: - I Avena sativa (oat, oats), batang (stems), Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
[a]: Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., Glycine max (kedelai, biji (true seeds), Sierra Leone, South
1915; soyabean), Hordeum vulgare media tanam Africa, Tanzania
(Syn. Fusarium sporotrichiella Bilai, (barli, barley), Lolium (growing media America: Barbados,
1953, Fusarium sporotrichiella var. perenne (perennial associated with Brazil, Canada, USA
sporotrichiella Bilai, 1953, ryegrass), Medicago sativa plants) Asia: China, India,
Fusarium sporotrichiella var. (lucerne), Pinus strobus Japan, Pakistan,
sporotrichiodes (Sherb.) Bilai, 1953, (eastern white pine), Pinus Thailand, Turkey
Fusarium sporotrichiodes subsp. ponderosa var. jeffreyi, Europe: Austria,
minus (Wollenw.) Raillo, 1950, Pisum sativum (pea), Cyprus, Czech
Fusarium sporotrichiodes subsp. Triticum aestivum (wheat), Republic, Denmark,
minus (Wollenw.) Raillo, 1950, Zea mays (jagung, corn, Germany, Ireland,
Fusarium sporotrichiodes var. maize), turfgrasses, Zizania Italy, Poland, Portugal,
minus Wollenw., 1930, Fusarium palustris (northern wild Russian Federation,
sporotrichiodes subsp. rice) Slovakia, United
sporotrichiodes Sherb., 1915, Kingdom
Fusarium sporotrichiodes var. Oceania: Australia,
sporotrichiodes Sherb., 1915); New Zealand
- 439 -

COMMON NAME)
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales,
Nectriaceae;
kernel rot of maize, blight of grasses,
foot rot of carnation
45. [s]: Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) I Avena spp. (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
Arx & D.L. Olivier, 1952; Cynodon spp. (rumput batang (stems), Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
(Syn. Gaeumannomyces cariceti bermuda, bermuda grass), biji (true seeds), South Africa,
(Berk. & Broome) Lar.N. Vassiljeva, Eremochloa ophiuroides daun (leaves), Tanzania, Zimbabwe
1988), Gaeumannomyces graminis (centipede grass), Oryza media tanam America: Ecuador,
var. avenae (E.M. Turner) Dennis, sativa (padi, paddy, rice), (growing media Peru, USA
1960, Gaeumannomyces graminis secale, Pennisetum associated with Asia: Hong Kong,
var. graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D.L clandestinum (kikuyu plants) India, Israel, Japan,
Olivier, 1952, Gaeumannomyces grass), Poaceae, Triticum Malaysia, Pakistan,
graminis var. maydis J.M. Yao, aestivum (gandum, wheat), Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Yong C. Wang & Y.G. Zhu, 1992, Stenotaphrum secundatum Taiwan
Gaeumannomyces graminis var. (rumput steno, St. Eropa: Romania,
tritici J. Walker, 1972, Augustine grass), Zea mays Sweden, United
Gaeumannomyces oryzinus (Sacc.) (jagung, corn, maize), Kingdom
Schrantz, 1961, Linocarpon Zizania spp. (wild rice), Oceania: Australia,
oryzinum (Sacc.) Petr., 1952, Zoysia japonica Papua New Guinea
Ophiobolus graminis var. avenae
E.M. Turner, 1941, Ophiobolus
graminis (Sacc) Sacc., 1875,
Ophiochaeta graminis (Sacc.) Hara,
- 440 -

COMMON NAME)
1916, Ophiobolus graminis var.
luzulae Klika, 1923, Ophiobolus
oryzinus Sacc., 1961, Ophiobolus
graminis var. graminis (Sacc.)
Sacc., 1875, Rhaohidiophora
Cariceta (Berk. & Broome) Cooke,
Rhaphidiophora graminis Sacc.,
1875, Sphaeria cariceti Berk. &
Broome, 1861);
[a]: -
Sordariomycetes, Magnaporthales,
Magnaporthaceae;
crown sheath rot, crown sheath rot of
rice, patch disease of turf
46. [s]: Gibberella avenacea R.J. Cook, I Abies balsamea (balsam fir), akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
1967; Acacia nilotica (gum arabic batang (stems), Kenya, Nigeria, South
[a]: Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., tree), Albizia julibrissin (silk benih (true Africa
1886; tree), Allium porrum seeds) buah America: Argentina,
(Syn. Fusarium avenaceum Fr., (bawang daun, leek), Allium (fruits), media Brazil, Canada, Chile,
1832, Fusarium avenaceum f. sativum (bawang putih, tanam (growing Mexico, Puerto Rico,
avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., 1886, garlic), Armoracia rusticana media Peru, Trinidad and
Fusarium avenaceum f. fabalis X.Y. (horseradish), Asparagus associated with Tobago, USA,
Ruan, Y.M. Jiang, W. Luo & J.H. officinalis (asparagus), plants) Venezuela
Wang, 1982, Fusarium avenaceum Avena sativa (oat, oats), Asia: China, Georgia,
- 441 -

COMMON NAME)
f. fabarum X.Y. Ruan, Y.M. Jiang, Beta vulgaris (bit, beetroot), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
W. Luo & J.H. wang, 1982, Betula pendula (common Japan, Kazakhstan,
Fusarium avenaceum f. fabae (T.F. silver birch), Brassica napus Republic of Korea
Yu) W. Yamam., 1955, Fusarium var. napus (rape), Brassica (South Korea),
avenaceum subsp. avenaceum (Fr.) oleracea var. botrytis (bunga Lebanon, Malaysia, Sri
Sacc., 1886, Fusarium avenaceum kol, cauliflower), Brassica Lanka, Taiwan,
subsp. volutum (Wollenw.) Raillo., oleracea var. capitata Turkey, Uzbekistan
1950, Fusarium avenaceum var. (kubis, cabbage), Brassica Europe: Austria,
avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc., 1886, rapa subsp. oleifera (turnip Belarus, Belgium,
Fusarium avenaceum var. fabae rape), Cajanus cajan Bulgaria, Croatia,
T.F. Yu, 1944, Fusarium (kacang gude, pigeon pea), Czech Republic,
avenaceum var. herbarum (Corda) Calendula officinalis (Pot Denmark, Estonia,
Bilai., 1955, Fusarium avenaceum marigold), Carum carvi Finland, France,
var. pallens Wollenw., 1924, (caraway), Chrysanthemum Germany, Greece,
Fusarium avenaceum var. volutum (krisan, daisy), Cicer Hungary, Iceland,
(Wollenw.) Wollenw. & Reinking, arietinum (chickpea), Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
1935, Fusarium graminum var. Clausena lansium (wampi), Lithuania, Montenegro,
herbarum (Corda) Wollenw., 1930, Consolida ambigua (rocket Netherlands, Norway,
Fusarium herbarum var. larkspur), Cucumis sativus Poland, Portugal,
avenaceum (Fr.) Wollenw., 1930, (mentimun, cucumber), Romania, Russian
Fusarium herbarum var. volutum Cucurbita (pumpkin), Federation, Serbia,
Wollenw., 1930, Fusarium Cucurbita pepo (labu, Slovakia, Slovenia,
herbarum (Corda) Fr., 1849, zukini, zucchini), Spain, Sweden,
Fusarium herbarum var. herbarum Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Switzerland, Ukraine,
(Corda) Fr., 1849, Solenosporium (guar), Dactylis glomerata United Kingdom
- 442 -

COMMON NAME)
herbarum Corda, 1839); (cocksfoot), Daucus carota Oceania: Australia,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (wortel, carrot), Dianthus New Zealand, Papua
Sordariomycetes; Hypocreales, caryophyllus (anyelir, New Guinea
Nectriaceae; carnation), Eucalyptus
Fusarium blight; head blight; stem obliqua (messmate
base disease; scab stringybark), Eucalyptus
radiata, Fagus sylvatica
(common beech),
Foeniculum vulgare (fennel),
excelsior (ash), Fritillaria,
(cotton), Hordeum vulgare
(barli, barley), Hosta,
Ipomea batatas, (ubi jalar,
sweet potato), Laburnum
anagyroides (laburnum),
Lens culinaris subsp.
culinaris (lentil), Linum
usitatissimum (flax), Lolium
multiflorum (Italian
ryegrass), Lolium perenne
(perennial ryegrass),
- 443 -

COMMON NAME)
Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus
luteus (yellow lupin), Malus
Medicago littoralis (strand
medick), Medicago rugosa,
lucerne), Medicago
tribuloides (barrel medic),
Miscanthus × giganteus,
Morus (melberrytree),
Nicotiana tabacum
(sainfoin), Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy, rice), Panax
quinquefolius (American
ginseng), Persea americana
(alpukat, avocado),
common bean), Picea abies
(common spruce), Pinus
nigra (black pine), Pinus
sylvestris (Scots pine), Piper
betle (betel pepper), Pisum
sativum (pea), Populus
- 444 -

COMMON NAME)
deltoides (poplar), Prunus
cerasus (kersen, sour
persica var. nucipersica
(nectarine), Pseudotsuga
menziesii (Douglas-fir),
Pteridium aquilinum
(bracken), Pyrus communis
(pir, pear), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry), Secale cereale
(rye), Solanum lycopersicum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Strelitzia reginae
(Queens bird-of-paradise),
cocoa), Trifolium fragiferum
(strawberry clover),
Trifolium pratense (red
(semanggi putih, white
clover), Trifolium
subterraneum
(subterranean clover),
- 445 -

COMMON NAME)
wheat), Triticum turgidum
(durum wheat), Vicia
(vetch), Vicia faba (faba
bean), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
47. [s]: Gibberella circinata Nirenberg & I Cymbidium, Festuca akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
O’Donnell ex Britz, T.A. Cout., arundinacea (tall fescue), batang (stems America: Chile, Haiti,
M.W. Wingf. & Marasas 2002; Holcus lanatus (common (above Mexico, USA, Uruguay
[a]: Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & velvet grass), Musa grounds), Asia: Japan, Republic
O’Donnell, 1998; acuminata (wild banana), trunks, of Korea (South Korea)
(Syn. Fusarium subglutinans f.sp. Pinus Arizonica (arizona branches), bibit Europe: Portugal,
pini J.C. Correll, T.R. Gordon, A.H. pine), Pinus attenuata (seedlings), biji Spain
McCain, J.W. Fox, C.S. Koehler, (knobcode pine), Pinus (true seeds),
D.L. Wood & M.E. Schultz, 1991); ayacahuite (Mexican white bunga (flowers,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, pine), Pinus canariensis inflorescences,
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, (canary pine), Pinus cones, calyx),
Nectriaceae; cembroides (Mexican pine), daun (leaves),
pine pitch canker Pinus clausa (sand pine), kayu (woods),
Pinus contorta (lodgepole kulit kayu
pine), Pinus coulteri (big- (bark), media
cone pine), Pinus densiflora tanam (growing
(Japanese umbrella pine), medium
Pinus discolor (border accompanying
pinyon pine), Pinus plants), daun
- 446 -

COMMON NAME)
douglasiana, Pinus (leaves),
durangensis (Durango tanaman hasil
pine), Pinus echinata mikropropagasi
(shortleaf pine), Pinus (micropropagate
elliottii (slash pine), Pinus d plants), tunas
estevezii, Pinus glabra (shoots)
(spruce pine), Pinus greggii
(Gregg’s pine), Pinus
halepensis (Aleppo pine),
Pinus hartwegii (Hartweg
pine), Pinus leiophylla
(smooth-leaved pine), Pinus
luchuensis (luchu pine),
Pinus maximinoi (thin-leaf
pine), Pinus michoacana
(Michoacan pine), Pinus
montezumae (Montezuma
pine), Pinus muricata
(bishop pine), Pinus
oaxacana, Pinus
occidentalis (Haitian pine),
Pinus oocarpa (ocote pine),
Pinus palustris (longleaf
pine), Pinus patula (Mexican
weeping pine), Pinus
- 447 -

COMMON NAME)
pinaster (maritime pine),
Pinus pinea (stone pine),
Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa
pine), Pinus pringlei, Pinus
pseudostrobus
(pseudostrobus pine), Pinus
pungens (table mountain
pine), Pinus radiata (radiata
pine), Pinus rigida (pitch
pine), Pinus sabiniana
(digger pine), Pinus serotine
(pond pine), Pinus strobus
(eastern white pine), Pinus
sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus
taeda (loblolly pine), Pinus
thunbergii (Japanese black
pine), Pinus torreyana
(torrey pine), Pinus
virginiana (scrub pine),
(Douglas-fir)
48. [s]: Gibberella xylarioides R. Heim & I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), akar (roots), Africa: Central African
Saccas, 1950; Coffea arabica, Coffea batang (stems), Republic, DR Congo,
[a]: Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert, canephora, Coffea liberica, bibit (seedlings), Ethiopia, Nigeria,
1948 Gossypium barbadens kayu (woods), Rwanda, Senegal,
- 448 -

COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Fusarium lateritium f. sp. (kapas, cotton), Musa kulit kayu South Africa, Sudan,
xylarioides W.L. Gordon, 1965, paradisiaca (pisang, (bark), media Swaziland, Tanzania
Fusarium oxysporum f. xylarioides banana), Solanum tanam (growing
(Steyaert) Delassus, 1954); lycopersicum (tomat, media
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, tomato) associated with
Sordariomycetes; Hypocreales, plants)
Nectriaceae;
coffee wilt, sudden death of coffee,
vascular wilt of coffee, tracheomycosis
of coffee
49. [s]: - I Agrostis capillaris (brown biji (true seeds), Africa: Benin, Burkina
[a]: Gloeocercospora sorghi D.C. Bain & bentgrass), Agrostis bunga (flowers, Faso, Central African
Edgerton ex Deighton, 1971; stolonifera var. palustris inflorescences, Republic, Chad,
(Syn. Gloeocercospora sorghi D.C. (bent grass), Cynodon cones, calyx), Congo, Eritrea,
Bain & Edgerton, 1943, dactylon (rumput Bermuda, daun (leaves), Ethiopia, Gambia,
Microdochium sorghi (D.C. Bain & Bermuda grass), tanaman (whole Ghana, Kenya, Mali,
Edgerton ex Deighton) U. Braun, Pennisetum glaucum (pearl plant) Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
1995, Ramulispora andropogonis millet), Pennisetum Senegal, Somalia,
Miura, 1920, Titaeospora purpureum (elephant grass), Sudan, Tanzania,
andropogonis F.L. Tai, 1932); Saccharum officinarum Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum Zimbabwe
Sordariomycetes; Xilariales; bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), America: Argentina,
zonate leaf spot Sorghum halepense Belize, Brazil, El
(Johnson grass), Sorghum Salvador, Guatemala,
sudanense (Sudan grass), Haiti, Mexico,
- 449 -

COMMON NAME)
Zea mays (jagung, corn, Nicaragua, Panama,
maize) USA, Venezuela
Asia: China, DPR
Korea (North Korea),
India, Japan, Malaysia,
Philippines, Taiwan,
Thailand
Europe: Russian
Federation
Oceania: American
Samoa, Australia,
Samoa, Tonga
50. [s]: Glomerella graminicola D. J. I Poaceae (grasses), Zea mays batang (stems Africa: Angola,
Politis, 1975; (jagung, corn, maize) (above ground), Botswana, Burkina
(Syn. Dicladium graminicola Ces., trunks, Faso, Burundi,
1852), Steirochaete graminicola branches), biji Cameroon, Chad,
(Ces.) Sacc., 1886, Vermicularia (true seeds, Egypt, Eritrea,
melicae Fuckel, 1874; grains), bunga Ethiopia, Ghana,
[a]: Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.) G. (flowers, Guinea, Ivoiry Coast,
W. Wilson, 1914; inflorescences, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya,
(Syn. Colletotrichum graminicola cones, calyx), Malawi, Mali,
var. zonatum Rajasab & Ramal., daun (leaves), Mauritius,
1981, Colletotrichopsis graminicola tunas (shoots) Mozambique, Niger,
(Ces.) Munt.-Cvetk., 1952, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Colletotrichum graminicola f. Sierra Leone, Somalia,
- 450 -

COMMON NAME)
graminicola (Ces.) G. W. Wilson, South Africa, Sudan,
1914, Colletotrichum graminicola Swaziland, Tanzania,
var. graminicola (Ces.) G. W. Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
Wilson, 1914); Zimbabwe
Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, America: Argentina,
Glomerellales, Glomerellaceae; Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
red stalk rot of cereals, anthracnose of Chile, Colombia, Costa
cereals, anthracnose stalk rot, cereals Rica, Cuba, El
leaf spot, cereals seedling blight, corn Salvador, Guatemala,
anthracnose, grain anthracnose, leaf Guyana, Mexico,
blight of maize, leaf spot of cereals, Panama, Puerto Rico,
maize leaf blight, maize stalk rot, Trinidad and Tobago,
panicle anthracnose, seedling blight of USA, Venezuela
cereals, stalk rot of maize Asia: Bhutan, China,
Nepal, Pakistan,
Thailand
Europe: Austria,
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Finland,
France, Germany,
Italy, Moldova,
Montenegro, Portugal,
Romania, Serbia,
- 451 -

COMMON NAME)
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea
51. [s]: Guignardia citricarpa Kiely, 1948; I Citrus, Citrus limon (lemon), batang (stems Africa: Angola, Ghana,
[a]: Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) Citrus reticulata (mandarin), (above Kenya, Mozambique,
Aa, 1973; Citrus sinensis (navel grounds), Namibia, Nigeria,
(Syn. Leptodothiorella sp., Phoma orange) trunks, Tunisia, Uganda,
citricarpa McAlpine, 1899, branches), buah Zambia, Zimbabwe
Phyllostictina citricarpa (McAlpine) (fruits), bunga America: Argentina,
Petr., 1953); (flowers, Brazil, Cuba, USA
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, inflorescences, Asia: Bhutan, China,
Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales, cones, calyx), Hong Kong, India,
Botryosphaeriaceae; daun (leaves), Philippines, Taiwan
citrus black spot, freckle spot of virus, polong (pods), Europe: Russian
hard spot of citrus, shot-hole of tunas (shoots) Federation
citrus, speckled blotch of citrus, Oceania: Australia
virulent spot of citrus
52. [s]: Guignardia endophyllicola Okane, I Orchidaceae (anggrek, bunga Africa: Mauritius, Niger
Nakagiri & Tad. Ito, 2001; orchids) (inflorescences), America: Brazil, Hawaii
(Syn. Guignardia mangiferae A.J. daun (leaves), Asia: Bhutan, Brunei
Roy, 1968); tangkai Darussalam, India,
[a]: Phyllosticta capitalensis Henn., Malaysia, Myanmar
- 452 -

COMMON NAME)
1908; Europe: United
(Syn. Macrophoma theicola Kingdom
Siemaszko, 1923, Phyllosticta
cymbidi Sawada, 1943, Phyllosticta
phalenopsidis Marchal & Verpl.,
Bull. 1927, Phyllosticta
phalenopsidis var. vanillae Verpl. &
Claess., 1934, Phyllostictina
pyriformis E.K. Cash & A.M.J.
Watson, 1955);
Phyllostictaceae;
leaf spot
53. [s]: Helicobasidium purpureum (Tul.) I Araucaria cuninghamii, Beta akar (roots), Africa: Algeria,
Pat. (1885), vulgaris var saccharifera batang (stems), Ethiopia, Kenya,
(Syn. Helicobasidium brebissonii (bit, sugar beetroot), Daucus umbi (tubers) Malawi, Morocco,
(Desm.) Donk, 1958, carota (wortel, carrot), South Africa,
Helicobasidium brebissonii f. barlae Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Tanzania, Tunisia,
Wojewoda, 1977, Helicobasidium sweet potato), Morus spp. Uganda, Zambia,
brebissonii f. brebissonii (Desm.) (murbei, mulberry), Zimbabwe
Donk, 1958, Helicobasidium Solanum tuberosum America: Argentina,
purpureum var. barlae Bres., 1909, (kentang, potato) Barbados, Canada,
Helicobasidium purpureum var. Colombia, Dominica,
barlae Pat., 1886, Helicobasidium Mexico, Trinidad and
- 453 -

COMMON NAME)
purpureum var. orientale Pat., Tobago, USA, Uruguay
1920, Helicobasidium purpureum Asia: Bangladesh,
var. purpureum (Tul.) Pat., 1885; China, India, Iran,
[a]: Tuberculina persicina (Ditmar) Japan, Myanmar,
Sacc., 1881; Philippines, Turkey,
(Syn. Cordalia persicina (Ditmar) Vietnam
Gobi, 1885, Corticium sanguineum Europe: Austria,
var. lilacinum Quél., 1888, Belgium, Bosnia and
Helicobasis purpureus (Tul.) Clem. Cyprus, Herzegovina,
& Shear, 1931, Helminthosporium Bulgaria, Croatia,
rhizoctonon Rabenh. (1855), Czech Republic,
Hypochnus purpureus Tul., 1865, Denmark, France,
Hypochnus violaceus Erikss. Germany, Greece,
(1912), Protonema brebissonii Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Desm., 1834, Rhizoctonia allii L. Latvia, Montenegro,
Graves, 1830, Rhizoctonia asparagi Netherlands, North
Fuckel ex Erikss.,1915, Macedonia, Norway,
Rhizoctonia asparagi Fuckel, 1870, Poland, Romania,
Rhizoctonia crocorum (Pers.) DC., Russian Federation,
1815, Rhizoctonia medicaginis DC., Scotland, Serbia,
1815, Rhizoctonia rubiae M. J. Slovakia, Slovenia,
Decne., 1837, Rhizoctonia violacea Sweden, Ukraine,
Tul. & C. Tul., 1851, Rhizoctonia United Kingdom
violacea f. dauci J. G. Kühn, 1875, Oceania: Australia,
Rhizoctonia violacea f. violacea Tul. New Zealand
- 454 -

COMMON NAME)
& C. Tul., 1851, Sclerotium
crocorum Pers., 1801,
Thanatophytum crocorum (Pers.)
Nees, 1816, Tuber parasiticum
Bull., 1791, Tubercularia persicina
Ditmar, 1817, Tuber croci Dubois,
(1803); Tuber parasiticum Bull.,
(1790);
Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina,
Pucciniomycetes, Helicobasidiales,
Helicobasidiaceae;
violet root rot
54. [r]: Hemileia coffeicola Maubl. & Roger, I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) daun (leaves) Africa: Cameroon,
(1934); Central Africa, DR
(Syn.Uredo coffeicola, (1934)); Congo, Ivory Coast,
Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Nigeria, Sao Tome and
Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales; Principe, Togo, Uganda
Grey rust of coffee, powdery rust of
coffee, coffee rust
55. [s]: Laetiporus baudonii (Pat.) I Manihot esculenta (ubi akar (roots), Africa: Ghana, Kenya,
Ryvarden, 1991; kayu, cassava) batang (stems), Madagascar, Niger,
(Syn. Cladoporus baudonii (Pat.) umbi (tubers) Nigeria
Teixeira, 1994, Pseudophaeolus
baudonii (Pat.) Ryvarden, 1975,
Polyporus baudonii Pat., 1914);
- 455 -

COMMON NAME)
[a]: -
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina,
Agaricomycetes, Polyporales,
Fomitopsidaceae;
root rot
56. [s]: Magnaporthiopsis maydis (Samra, I Lupinus albus var. albus, akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Kenya
Sabet & Hing.) Klaubauf, Lebrun & Zea mays (jagung, corn, batang (stems Asia: India
Crous, 2014; maize) (above ground), Europe: Hungary
[a]: Cephalosporium maydis Samra, trunks,
Sabet & Hing. 1963; branches), bibit
(Syn. Harpophora maydis (Samra, (seedlings), biji
Sabet & Hing.) W. Gams 2000); (true seeds,
Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, grains), bunga
Magnaporthales, Magnaporthaceae; (flowers,
late wilt of maize inflorescences,
cones, calyx),
tanaman hasil
mikropropagasi
(micropropagate
d plants), tunas
(shoots)
57. [s]: - I Fragaria, Bambusa, batang (stems), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
[a]: Paraconiothyrium fuckelii (Sacc.) Juniperus, Malus domestica media tanam Kenya, Libya, Malawi,
Verkley & Gruyter, 2012; Syn. (apel, apple), Pinus (growing media Mauritius, Morocco,
Clisosporium fuckelii (Sacc.) sylvestris, buah batu (stone associated with Namibia, Nigeria,
- 456 -

COMMON NAME)
Kuntze, 1898, Coniothyrium fuckelii fruit), Ribes, Rubus spp., plants), Sierra Leone, Sudan,
Sacc., 1878, Coniothyrium fuckelii Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), tanaman (whole Tanzania, Uganda,
f. ampelospidis-hederaceae Sacc., Taxus, Thuja, Vaccinium plant) South
1878, Coniothyrium fuckelii var. Africa, Zambia,
cecidophilum C. Massal., 1914, Zimbabwe
Coniothyrium fuckelii f. corrigiolae America: Argentina,
Gonz. Frag., 1924, Coniothyrium Bolivia, Brazil,
fuckelii var. distcha Sacc., 1925, Colombia, Cuba,
Coniothyrium fuckelii f. fuckelii Canada, Ecuador,
Sacc., 1878, Coniothyrium fuckelii Honduras, Puerto Rico,
var. fuckelii Sacc., 1878, USA, Venezuela
Coniothyrium fuckelii f. pinastri Asia: Bangladesh,
Gonz. Frag., 1917, Coniothyrium Brunei Darussalam,
fuckelii f. pinastri Gonz. Frag., China, Hong Kong,
1925, Coniothyrium fuckelii var. India, Israel, Iran, Iraq,
ribis-aurei Gonz. Frag., 1917, Japan, Kuwait,
Coniothyrium fuckelii f. robiniae- Malaysia, Myanmar,
pseudoacaciae Sacc., 1878, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi
Coniothyrium fuckelii f. rosarum Arabia, Singapore, Sri
Sacc., 1878, Coniothyrium fuckelii Lanka, Thailand,
f. thesii Unamuno, 1934, Turkey, Turkmenistan,
Coniothyrium fuckelii f. ziziphi Vietnam
Sacc., Sacc., 1913, Diapleella Europe: Austria,
coniothyrium (Fuckel) M. E. Barr, Belgium, Bulgaria,
1986, Kalmusia coniothyrium Croatia, Cyprus,
- 457 -

COMMON NAME)
(Fuckel) Huhndrof, 1992, Czech, Denmark,
Leptosphaeria berberidis Richon, Estonia, Finland,
1889, Leptosphaeria coniothyrium France, Germany,
(Fuckel) Sacc., 1875, Leptosphaeria Greece, Hungary,
coniothyrium f. berberidis (Richon) Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Cif., 1922, Leptosphaeria Lithuania, Montenegro,
coniothyrium var. coniothyrium Netherlands, North
(Fuckel) Sacc., 1875, Macedonia, Poland,
Leptosphaeria coniothyrium f. Portugal, Russian
coniothyrium (Fuckel) Sacc., 1875, Federation, Serbia,
Leptosphaeria coniothyrium var. Slovakia, Slovenia,
foliicola Woron., 1913, Melanomma United Kingdom
coniothyrium (Fuckel) L. Holm, Oceania: Australia,
1957, Microsphaeropsis fuckelii Fiji, New Zealand,
(Sacc.) Boerema, 2003, Septoria Papua New Guinea,
sarmenti Sacc., 1883); Tonga
Montagnulaceae;
cane blight, rose blight, apple canker,
pine needle blight, rose stem canker
58. [s]: Marasmiellus cocophilus Pegler, I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang (stems), Africa: Kenya,
1969; coconut), Cynodon dactylon buah (fruits), Tanzania
[a]: - (rumput Bermuda, daun (leaves), Oceania: Solomon
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Bermuda grass), media tanam Islands
- 458 -

COMMON NAME)
Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Echinochloa colona (rumput (growing media
Omphalotaceae; bebek, jungle rice), Eleusine associated with
basal stem break, lethal bole rot of indica (rumput belulang, plants)
coconut goose grass)
59. [s]: Marasmiellus inoderma (Berk.) I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, akar (roots), Africa: Egypt
Singer, 1955; coconut), Colocasia batang (stems), Asia: Singapore
(Syn. Chamaeceras inodermus esculenta (talas, taro), Musa daun (leaves), Oceania: Samoa,
(Berk.) Kuntze, 1898, Marasmius spp. (pisang, banana), media tanam Samoa America
inoderma Berk., 1851); Orchidaceae (anggrek, (growing media
[a]: - orchids), Oryza sativa (padi, associated with
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, paddy, rice), Zea mays plants)
Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, (jagung, corn, maize)
Omphalotaceae;
crown rot of rice, pre-emergence shoot
rot, root rot of maize, sheath rot of
maize
60. [s]: Microbotryum antherarum (DC.) I Caryophyllaceae, Cerastium, biji (true seeds), America: Canada,
Lév., 1847; Dianthus, Silene pratensis bunga Mexico, USA
(Syn. Microbotryum violaceum (inflorescences), Europe: Austria,
(Pers.) G. Deml & Oberw., 1982, daun (leaves), Bulgaria, Czech
Uredo antherarum DC., 1815, tangkai malai Republic, Finland,
Uredo antherarum var.antherarum France, Germany,
DC., 1815, Uredo violacea Pers., Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
1797, Ustilago antherarum (DC.) Norway, Poland,
Fr., 1832, Ustilago silenes-nutantis Romania, Spain,
- 459 -

COMMON NAME)
(DC.) Liro, 1924, Ustilago violacea Sweden, Switzerland,
(Pers.) Roussel, 1806, Ustilago Ukraine, United
violacea f. violacea (Pers.) Roussel, Kingdom
1806, Ustilago violacea var. silenes-
nutantis (DC.) Durrieu & Zambett.,
1973, Ustilago violacea var.
violacea (Pers.) Roussel, 1806);
[a]: Caeoma antherarum (DC.) Nees,
1816;
(Syn. Caeoma violaceum (Pers.)
Nees, 1816, Erysibe antherarum
(DC.) Wallr., 1833);
Basidiomycota, Microbotryomycetes,,
Microbotryales, Microbotryaceae;
Caryophyllaceae anther smut
61. [s]: Microcyclus ulei (Henn.) Arx,(1962); I Hevea brasiliensis (karet, batang muda, America: Belize,
(Syn. Dothidella ulei Henn., 1904, rubber tree) buah (fruits), Bolivia, Brazil,
Melanopsammopsis ulei (Henn.) daun (leaves), Colombia, Costa Rica,
Stahel (1917); tanaman (whole Ecuador, El Salvador,
[a]: Pseudocercospora ulei (Henn.) Hora plant), media France Guyana,
Junior & Mizubuti, 2013; pembawa lain, Guatemala, Guyana,
(Syn. Aposphaeria ulei Henn, 1904, benda lain Haiti, Honduras,
Fusicladium heveae K. Schub. & U. Mexico, Nicaragua,
Braun, 2003, Fusicladium Panama, Peru,
macrosporum J. Kuijper, 1911, Suriname, Trinidad
- 460 -

COMMON NAME)
Passalora heveae Massee 1913, and Tobago, Venezuela
Scolicotrichum heveae (Massee)
Griffon & Maubl., 1961);
Mycosphaerellaceae;
South American leaf blight of rubber
62. [s]: Micronectriella nivalis (Schaffnit) C. I Agrostis canina (velvet akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
Booth, 1971; bentgrass), Agrostis batang (stems), Senegal, Tunisia,
(Syn. Monographella divergens capillaris (common bent), biji (true seeds), Zambia
(Rehm) Petr., 1924, Monographella Agrostis stolonifera bunga America: Argentina,
nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müll., 1977, (creeping bentgrass), Avena (inflorescences), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Monographella nivalis var. neglecta sativa (oat, oats), Bromus daun (leaves) Mexico, USA
(Krampe) Gerlach, 1980, (bromegrasses), Festuca Asia: Bahrain, China,
Monographella nivalis var. nivalis rubra (red fescue), Hordeum , Iran, Kazakhstan,
(Schaffnit) E. Müll., 1977, Nectria vulgare (barley), Lolium Kyrgystan, Japan,
graminicola Krieg., 1899, Nectria (ryegrasses), Lolium Pakistan, Syria,
pseudograminicola Weese, 1910, multiflorum (Italian Tajikistan, Turkey,
Sphaerulina divergens Rehm, ryegrass), Lolium perenne Turkmenistan,
1913); (perennial ryegrass), Oryza Uzbekistan
[a]: Hydropisphaera arenula (Berk. & sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Europe: Armenia,
Broome) Rossman & Samuels, Poa annua (annual Azerbaijan, Austria,
1999; meadowgrass), Poa Belarus, Belgium,
(Syn. Calonectria graminicola F. pratensis (smooth meadow- Bosnia and
Stevens, 1918, Calonectria grass), Poaceae (grasses), Herzegovina, Croatia,
- 461 -

COMMON NAME)
graminicola var. neglecta Krampe, Secale cereale (rye), Triticum Czech Republic,
1926, Calonectria nivalis Schaffnit, aestivum (gandum, wheat), Denmark, Estonia,
1913, Calonectria nivalis f. nivalis turfgrasses Finland, France,
Schaffnit, 1913, Fusarium nivale Georgia, Germany,
(Fr.) Soraurer, 1901, Fusarium Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
nivale Ces. ex Berl. & Voglino, Latvia, Lithuania,
1886, Fusarium nivale f. nivale Ces. Moldova, Montenegro,
ex Berl. & Voglino, 1886, Fusarium Netherlands, North
nivale var. nivale Ces. ex Berl. & Macedonia, Norway,
Voglino, 1886, Fusarium nivale var. Poland, Romania,
oryzae Zambett., 1950, Gerlachia Russian Federation,
nivalis var. nivalis (Ces. ex Berl. & Serbia, Slovakia,
Voglino) W. Gams & E. Mull., Slovenia, Spain,
1980, Gerlachia nivalie var. nivalis Sweden, Switzerland,
(Ces. ex Berl. & Voglino) W. Gams Ukraine, United
& E. Müll., 1980, Griphosphaeria KingdomOceania:
nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müll. & Arx, Australia, New Zealand
1955, Lanosa nivalis Fr., 1849,
Melioliphila graminicola Speg.,
1921, Microdochium nivale var.
nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I. C. Hallett,
1983);
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales,
Bionectriaceae;
- 462 -

COMMON NAME)
foot rot of cereals, snow blight of
cereals, head blight of cereals, pink
snow mould of cereals, seedling blight
of cereals, snow mould of cereals,
Fusarium patch of turf, Microdochium
patch of turf, pink snow mould of turf
63. [s]: Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) I Carica papaya (papaya, buah (fruits), Africa: Egypt, Nigeria,
Honey, 1928; papaya), Malus domestica bunga (flowers, South Africa, Tunisia,
(Syn. Ciboria fructicola G. Winter, (apel, apple), Prunus inflorescences, Zimbabwe
1883, Sclerotinia americana armeniaca (apricot), Prunus cones, calyx), Asia: China, India,
(Wormald) Norton & Ezekiel, 1924, avium (ceri manis, sweet daun (leaves), Israel, Japan,
Sclerotinia cinerea sensu auct. NZ, cherry), Prunus domestica media tanam Kazakhstan, Republic
Sclerotinia cinerea f. americana (prem, plum), Prunus (growing media of Korea (South Korea),
Wormald, 1919, Sclerotinia persica (peach), Prunus associated with Taiwan, Turkey,
fructicola (G. Winter) Rehm, 1906, salicina (Japanese plum), plants), polong Uzbekistan, Yemen
Sclerotinia fructigena sensu auct. Prunus cerasus (kersen, (pods), tangkai America: Argentina,
NZ); sour cherry), Prunus dulcis buah Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
[a]: Monilia fructicola L.R. Batra, 1991; (almon, badam, almond), Chile, Ecuador,
Ascomycota, Leiotiomycetes, Rubus fruticosus Mexico, Guatemala,
Helotiales, Sclerotiniaceae; (blackberry) Panama, Paraguay,
Brown rot, American brown rot of Peru, USA, Uruguay,
stone fruit, brown rot of apple, brown Venezuela
rot of cherry, twig canker of stone fruit Europe: Albania,
Belgium, Bulgaria,
- 463 -

COMMON NAME)
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Hungary, Italy, Jersey,
Latvia, Malta,
Netherland, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Caledonia, New
Zealand
64. [s]: Monilinia fructigena Honey, 1945; I Actinidia arguta (tara vine), batang (stems, Africa: Egypt, Morocco
[a]: Acrosporium fructigenum (Pers.) Amelanchier canadensis above ground, Asia: Afganistan,
Pers.,1822; (thicket servicberry), trunks, China, DPR Korea
(Syn. Monilia fructigena (Pers.) Berberis (barberries), branches), (North Korea), Georgia,
Pers., 1801, Monilia fructigena var. Capsicum (peppers), Cornus buah (fruits), India, Iran, Israel,
fructigena (Pers.) Pers., 1801, mas (cornelian cherry), bunga (flowers, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Oidium fructigenum (Pers.) Fr., Corylus avellana (hazel), inflorescences, Lebanon, Nepal,
1832, Oidium fructigenum var. Cotoneaster, Crataegus cones, calyx), Republic of Korea
- 464 -

COMMON NAME)
foliorum Westend., 1861, Oidium laevigata, Cydonia oblonga daun (leaves), (South Korea), Taiwan,
fructigenum var. fructigenum (Pers.) (quince), Diospyros kaki polong (pods), Turkey, Uzbekistan
Fr., 1832, Sclerotinia fructigena (kesemek, persimmon), tunas (shoots) Africa: Egypt, Morocco
(Pers.) J. Schröt., 1839, Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), America: Brazil, Chile,
Stromatinia fructigena (Pers.) Ficus carica (fig), Fragaria, Uruguay, USA
Bpud., 1907, Torula fructigena Malus domestica (apel, Europe: Armenia,
Pers., 1795); apple), Malus sieversii, Austria, Azerbaijan,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Malus sylvestris (crab-apple Belarus, Belgium,
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, tree), Mespilus germanica Bulgaria, Croatia,
Sclerotiniaceae; (medlar), Prunus (stone Cyprus, Czech
brown rot fruit), Prunus armeniaca Republic, Denmark,
(apricot), Prunus avium (ceri Finland, France,
manis, sweet cherry), Germany, Greece,
Prunus cerasifera Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
(myrobalan plum), Prunus Latvia, Lithuania,
cerasus (kersen, sour Luxemburg, Moldova,
cherry), Prunus domestica Montenegro,
(prem, plum), Prunus dulcis Netherlands, Norway,
(almon, badam, almond), Poland, Romania,
Prunus mandshurica, Russian Federation,
Prunus persica (peach), Serbia, Slovakia,
Prunus persica var. Slovenia, Spain,
nucipersica (nectarine), Sweden, Switzerland,
Prunus salicina (Japanese Ukraine, United
plum), Prunus spinosa Kingdom
- 465 -

COMMON NAME)
(blackthorn), Prunus triloba
(rose tree of China), Psidium
guajava (guava), Pyrus
(pear), Pyrus betulaefolia,
Pyrus pyrifolia (Oriental
pear tree), Pyrus ussuriensis
(amur pear), Rhododendron
(azalea), Rosa sp.,(mawar,
roses), Rubus (blackberry,
raspberry), Rubus
occidentalis (black
raspberry), Solanum
tomato), Sorbus (rowan),
Sorbus acuparia, Vaccinium
(blueberries), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
65. [s]: Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhland) I Cydonia oblonga (quince), batang (stems Africa: Morocco, South
Honey, 1945; Malus domestica (apel, (above ground), Africa
(Syn. Sclerotinia cinerea (Bonord.) apple), Malus sieversii, trunks, America: Argentina,
J. Schröt., 1839, Sclerotinia cinerea Prunus armeniaca (apricot), branches), Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Wormald, 1919, Sclerotinia cinerea Prunus avium (ceri manis, buah (fruits), Guatemala, Uruguay,
f. cinerea Wormald, 1839, sweet cherry), Prunus bunga (flowers, USA
Sclerotinia cinerea f. mali Wormald, cerasifera (myrobalan inflorescences, Asia: Afghanistan,
- 466 -

COMMON NAME)
1919, Sclerotinia cinerea f. pruni plum), Prunus cerasus cones, calix), Bhutan, China,
Wormald, 1919, Sclerotinia laxa (kersen, sour cherry), daun (leaves), Georgia, India, Iraq,
Aderh. & Ruhland, 1905, Prunus domestica (prem, polong (pods), Israel, Japan,
Sclerotinia laxa Ehrenb., Sclerotinia plum), Prunus dulcis tunas (shoots) Lebanon, Tajikistan,
laxa f. laxa Aderh. & Ruhland, (almon, badam, almond), Turkey, Turkmenistan,
1905, Stromatinia laxa (Ehrenb.) Prunus persica (peach), Uzbekistan
Naumov, 1964); Prunus pseudocerasus Europe: Armenia,
[a]: Monilia laxa (Ehrenb.) Sacc. & (chinese fruiting cherry), Austria, Azerbaijan,
Voglino, 1886; Prunus serrulata (Japanese Belarus, Belgium,
(Syn. Acrosporium laxum (Ehrenb.) flowering cherry), Prunus Bosnia and
Pers., 1822, Monilia cinerea triloba (Rose tree of China), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Bonord., 1851, Oidium laxum Pyrus communis (pir, pear) Croatia, Czech
Ehrenb., 1818, Oospora cinerea Republic, Denmark,
(Bonord.) sacc. & Voglino, 1886, Estonia, Finland,
Oospora laxa (Ehrenb.) wallr., France, Germany,
1833, Torula cinerea (Bonord.) Latvia, Lithuania,
Bonord., 1853, Torula laxa Greece, Hungary,
(Ehrenb.) Rabenh., 1844); Ireland, Italy, Moldova,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Montenegro,
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, Netherlands, North
Sclerotiniaceae; Macedonia, Norway,
blossom blight, mummufying fruit, Poland, Portugal,
blossom wilt, brown rot of stone fruits, Romania, Russian
spur blight, twig canker, wither tip Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
- 467 -

COMMON NAME)
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
66. [s]: Moniliophthora perniciosa (Stahel) I Bixa orellana (kesumba, tanaman (whole America: Belize,
Aime & Phillips-Mora (2006); achiote), Theobroma cacao plant) Bolivia, Brazil,
(Syn. Crinipellis perniciosa (Stahel) (kakao, cocoa) Colombia, Dominica,
(Singer), 1943, Crinipellis Ecuador, Grenada,
perniciosa var. citriniceps Pegler, Guyana, Panama,
1978, Crinipellis perniciosa var. Peru, Saint Lucia,
ecuadorensis (Stahel) Pegler, 1978, Saint Vincent and the
Crinipellis perniciosa var. perniciosa Grenadines, Suriname,
(Stahel) Singer, 1943, Marasmius Trinidad and Tobago,
perniciosus Stahel, 1915, Venezuela
Marasmius perniciosus var. Asia: Malaysia
ecuadorensis Stahel, 1915,
Marasmius perniciosus var.
perniciosus Stahel, 1915);
[a]: -
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes,
Agaricales, Marasmiaceae;
witches' broom disease of cacao
67. [s]: Moniliophthora roreri (Cif.) H.C. I Theobroma cacao (kakao, batang (above America: Belize,
Evans, Staplers, Samson & Benny, cocoa) ground, trunks, Bolivia, Brazil,
- 468 -

COMMON NAME)
1978; branches), biji Colombia, Costa Rica,
(Syn. Crinipellis roreri (Cif.) H. C. (true seeds), Ecuador, Guatemala,
Evans, 2002, Crinipellis roreri var. buah (fruits), Honduras, Jamaica,
gileri H. C. Evans & K. A. Holmes, polong (pods), Mexico, Nicaragua,
2003, Crinipellis roreri var. roreri tunas (shoots) Panama, Peru,
(Cif.) H. C. Evans, 2002, Trinidad and Tobago,
Moniliophthora roreri var. gileri H. Venezuela
C. Evans, 2013, Moniliophthora
roreri var. roreri var. (Cif.) H. C.
Evans, Stalpers, Samson & Beny,
1978);
[a]: Monilia roreri Cif., 1933;
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes,
Agaricales, Marasmiaceae;
frosty pod rot, monilia pod rot, pod rot
of cocoa, quevedo disease, watery pod
rot of cocoa
68. [s]: - I Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, batang (stems), Africa: Sierra Leone,
[a]: Monilochaetes infuscans Harter, sweet potato) umbi (tubers), South Africa,
1916; media tanam Zimbabwe
(Syn. Dischloridium (growing media America: Argentina,
cylindrospermum S.K. Srivast. associated with Brazil, USA
(1987); plants) Asia: China, DPR
Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Korea (North Korea),
Chaetosphaeriales, Australiascaceae; Israel, Japan, Republic
- 469 -

COMMON NAME)
scurf of sweet potato, manure stain, of Korea (South Korea),
soils stain Sri Lanka, Taiwan
Europe: Italy, Portugal
Oceania: Australia,
Cook Islands,
Federated States of
Micronesia, New
Zealand, Northern
Mariana Island, Palau,
Papua New Guinea,
Vanuatu
69. [s]: Mycena citricolor (Berk. & M.A. I Citrus, Cinchona officinalis batang (stems), America: Bolivia,
Curtis) Sacc., 1887; (kina, quinine tree), Coffea bibit (seedlings), Brazil, Colombia, Costa
(Syn. Agaricus citricolor Berk. & spp. (kopi, coffee), buah (fruits), Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
M.A. Curtis, 1869, Agaricus Theobroma cacao (kakao, daun (leaves), Ecuador, El Salvador,
citricolor Berk. & M. A. Curtis, cocoa) tanaman hasil Guyana France,
1868, Mycena flavida (Maubl. & mikropropagasi Guadeloupe,
Rangel) Singer, 1952, Mycena (micropropagate Guatemala, Guyana,
flavida (Maubl. & Rangel) Singer, d plants) Haiti, Honduras,
1952, Mycena tricolor Velen., 1920, Jamaica, Martinique,
Omphalia citricolor (Berk. & M. A. Mexico, Nicaragua,
Curtis) Rick, 1938, Omphalia Panama, Peru, Puerto
flavida Maubl. & Rangel, 1914, Rico, Suriname,
Omphalia flavida var. flavida Trinidad and Tobago,
Maubl. & Rangel, 1914, USA, Venezuela
- 470 -

COMMON NAME)
Omphalopsis citricolor (Berk. & M.
A. Curtis) Murrill, 1916);
[a]: Decapitatus flavidus (Cooke)
Redhead & Seifert, 2000;
(Syn. Botryonipha flavidum (Cooke)
Kuntze, 1891, Pistillaria flavida
(Cooke) Speg., 1896, Stilbella
flavidum (Cooke) Henn., 1904,
Stilbum flavidum Cooke, 1880);
Agariconycetes, Agaricales,
Mycenaceae;
American leaf spot of coffee, American:
coffee leaf spot, cock's eye spot, iron
spot of coffee
70. [s]: Mycosphaerella aleuritis S.H. Ou, I Aleurites moluccana (kemiri, daun (leaves) Asia: China
1940; candle-nut) Oceania: Cook Islands,
(Syn. Mycosphaerella aleuritidis (I. New Zealand, Tonga
Miyake) S.H. Ou, 1940,
Mycosphaerella aleuritis Gutner,
1966, Mycosphaerella aleuritiicola
Khokhr., 1951);
[a]: Pseudocercospora aleuritis (I.
Miyake) Deighton, 1976;
(Syn. Cercosporina aleuritidis (I.
- 471 -

COMMON NAME)
Miyake) Sacc. 1931, Cercospora
aleuritidis I. Miyake (1912),
Cecosporina aleuritis (I. Miyake)
Sacc., 1931, Cercospora aleuritis I.
Miyake, 1912);
Mycosphaerellaceae;
angular leaf spot
71. [s]: Neonectria ditissima (Tul. & C. Tul.) I Albizia lebbeck, Acer batang (stems), Africa: Canary Island,
Samuels & Rossman, 2006; circinatum, Acer buah (fruits), South Africa,
(Syn. Cucurbitaria ditissima (Tul. macrophyllum (broadleaf polong (pods) Madagascar
& C. Tul.) Kuntze, 1898, Nectria maple), Acer pensylvanicum America: Argentina,
ditissima Tul. & C. Tul., 1865, (striped maple), Acer Canada, Chile, Mexico,
Nectria ditissima var. ditissima Tul. pseudoplatanus, Acer USA, Uruguay
C. Tul., 1865); rubrum (red maple), Acer Asia: Afganistan, India,
[a]: Cylindrocarpon heteronemum saccharum (sugar maple), Iran, Iraq, Japan,
(Berk. & Broome) Wollenw., 1928; Acer spicatum (Mountain Lebanon, Republic of
(Syn. Cylindrocarpon willkommii maple), Aesculus Korea (South Korea),
(Lindau) Wollenw., 1928, hippocastanum, Ainus Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Cylindrocarpon willkommii var. glutinosa, Alnus incana Taiwan
minus Wollenw., 1928, (grey alder), Betula Europe: Austria,
Cylindrocarpon willkommii var. alleghaniensis (yellow Belgium, Bulgaria,
pluriseptatum Wollenw., 1928, birch), Betula lenta (sweet Czech Republic,
Cylindrocarpon willkommii (Lindau) birch), Betula nigra (river Denmark, England,
- 472 -

COMMON NAME)
Wollenw., 1928, Cylindrocarpon birch), Betula papyrifera Estonia, Faroe Island,
willkommii var. minus Wollenw., (paper birch), Betula France, Germany,
1928, Cylindrocarpon willkommii pendula (common silver Greece, Hungary,
var. pluriseptatum Wollenw., 1928, birch), Betula populifolia Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Cylindrocarpon willkommii var. (gray birch), Betula Lithuania, Macedonia,
willkommii (Lindau) Wollenw., pubescens, Carpinus Netherland, Norway,
1928, Nectria ditissima var. arctica betulus (hornbeam), Carya Poland, Portugal,
Wollenw., 1926, Fusarium cordiformis (bitternut Romania, Russian
willkommii J. Lindau., 1909, hickory), Carya glabra Federation, Slovakia,
Fusarium willkommii Lindau, (Pignut hickory), Carya Spain, Sweden,
1909); illinoinensis (pecan), Carya Switzerland, Ukraine,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, ovata (shagbark hickory), United Kingdom
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, Carya tomentosa, Cornus Oceania : New Zealand
Nectriaceae; nuttallii (Pacific dogwood),
Hardwoods perennial canker, nectria Corylus avellana (hazel),
cancer Fagus grandifolia (American
beech), Fagus sylvatica
(common beech), Fogus
silvatica, Frangula alnus
(alder buckthorn), Fraxinus
excelsior (ash), Fraxinus
nigra (black ash), Juglans
cinerea (butternut), Juglans
nigra (black walnut),
Juglans sp., Malus
- 473 -

COMMON NAME)
domestica (appel, apple),
Nyssa sylvatica (tupelo),
Platanus orientalis, Populus
grandidentata (Bigtooth
aspen), Populus tremuloides
(trembling aspen), Pupulus
spp., Prunus serotina (black
cherry), Pyrus communis
(pir, pear), Pyrus pyrifolia
(Oriental pear tree), Quercus
alba (white oak), Quercus
bicolor (swamp white oak),
Quercus coccinea (scarlet
oak), Quercus garryana
(Garry oak), Quercus
laurifolia (Laurel oak),
Quercus rubra (northern red
oak), Quercus robus,
Quercus velutina (black
oak), Rhus typhina
(staghorn sumac), Rosa sp.
(mawar, rose), Salix alba,
Salix amygdaloides
(peachleaf willow), Sorbus
aucuparia (mountain ash),
- 474 -

COMMON NAME)
S. vitallina, Tillia spp, Tilia
americana (basswood),
Ulmus americana (American
elm), Ulmus glabra
72. [s]: - I Abelmoschus moschatus batang (stems), Africa: Benin, DR
[a]: Nothophoma gossypiicola (Gruyter) (okra, lady’s finger), biji (true seeds), Congo, Ethiopia,
Q. Chen & L. Cai., 2015); Capsicum annuum (cabai, buah (fruits), Kenya, Mauritius,
(Syn. Ascochyta gossypii Woron., hot pepper, chilies, red daun (leaves) Nigeria, South Africa,
1915, Phoma gossypiicola Gruyter, pepper), Glycine max Sudan, Tanzania,
2002); (kedelai, soyabean), Uganda, Zambia,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Gossypium barbadens Zimbabwe
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, (kapas, cotton), Hibiscus America: Argentina,
Didymellaceae; spp., Nicotiana tabacum Brazil, Chile,
ascochyta blight of cotton, ascochyta (tembakau, tobacco), Colombia, Guatemala,
leaf spot, ascochyta seedling blight, Solanum melongena (terung, Jamaica, Mexico,
ashen spot, wet weather blight of eggplant, aubergine), Vigna Panama, Puerto Rico,
cotton. unguiculata, Vigna spp. USA, Venezuela
(buncis, cowpea) Asia: Armenia,
Azerbaijan, China,
Georgia, India, Japan,
Korea, Laos, Malaysia,
Philippines, Taiwan
Europe: Greece
Oceania: Australia,
Papua New Guinea
- 475 -

COMMON NAME)
73. [c]: Pachymetra chaunorhiza B.J. Croft I Saccharum officinarum akar (roots), Oceania: Australia
& M.W. Dick (1989); (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum media tanam
Chromista, Oomycota, Oomycetes, bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), (growing media
Sclerosporales, Verrucalvaceae; Zea mays (jagung, corn, associated with
Pachymetra root rot maize) plants)
74. [s]: - I Allium cepa (onion), Allium buah (fruits) Africa: Egypt, Ghana,
[a]: Penicillium expansum Link, 1809; sativum (bawang putih, Kenya, Mauritius,
(Syn. Penicillium crustaceum Link, garlic), Beta vulgaris var. Morocco, Nigeria,
1809, Penicillium crustaceum var. saccharifera (bit, sugar South Africa,
crustaceum Link, 1809, Penicillium beet), Brassica oleracea var. Zimbabwe
expansum var. expansum Link, gemmifera (Brussels America: Argentina,
1809, Penicillium glaucum Stoll, sprouts), Cydonia oblonga Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Penicillium glaucum var. coremium (quince), Fragaria ananassa Honduras, Nicaragua,
Sacc., 1886, Penicillium glaucum (strawberry), Gossypium USA, Uruguay,
var. expansum Pers., 1822, hirsutum (Bourbon cotton), Venezuela
Penicillium glaucum var. Hordeum vulgare (barley), Asia: Brunei
fasciculatum Pers., 1822, Lilium (lily), Malus Darussalam, China,
Penicillium glaucum var. foetidum domestica (apel, apple), DPR Korea (North
Sopp, 1912, Penicillium glaucum Phoenix dactylifera (date- Korea), Georgia, India,
var. glaucum Link, 1805, palm), Prunus armeniaca Iran, Israel, Japan,
Penicillium glaucum var. inodorum (apricot), Prunus avium (ceri Kazakhstan,
Sopp, 1912, Penicillium glaucum manis, sweet cherry), Philippines, Republic
var. minor Malchevsk., 1939, Prunus domestica (prem, of Korea (South Korea),
Penicillium glaucum var. pallidum plum), Prunus persica Saudi Arabia, Sri
Sopp, 1912); (peach), Punica granatum Lanka, Turkey
- 476 -

COMMON NAME)
Ascomycota, Eurotiomycetes, (pomegranate), Pyrus Europe: Armenia,
Eurotiales, Trichocomaceae; communis (pir, pear), Belgium, Bulgaria,
Blue mould of stored apple, soft rot of Rheum hybridum (rhubarb), Cyprus, Czech
apple, soft rot of grape, storage rot of Solanum lycopersicum Republic, Denmark,
fruit (tomat, tomato), Triticum France, Greece, Italy,
aestivum (gandum, wheat), Latvia, Lithuania,
Vaccinium (blueberries), Montenegro, Poland,
Vitis vinifera (anggur, Romania, Serbia,
grapevine), Zea mays Slovakia, Spain,
(jagung, corn, maize) Sweden, Ukraine,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
75. [s]: - I Acasia spp., Hevea batang (stems), Africa: Malawi,
[a]: Periconia manihoticola (Vincens) brasiliensis (karet, rubber daun (leaves) Tanzania, Togo
Viegas, 1955; tree), Manihot esculenta (ubi Asia: India, Myanmar
(Syn. Haplographium manihoticola kayu, cassava), Pisum spp. Oceania: Fiji, Papua
Vincens, 1916, Periconia New Guinea, Solomon
manihoticola var. macrospora Bat., Islands, Vanuatu
Valle & matta, 1965, Periconia
manihoticola var. manihoticola
(Vincens) Viegas, 1955);
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales;
Periconia blight
- 477 -

COMMON NAME)
76. [c]: Peronospora hyoscyami de Bary, I Capsicum annuum (paprika, akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
1863; bell-pepper), Nicotiana batang (stems Libya, Morocco,
(Syn. Peronospora effusa var. tabacum (tembakau, (above ground), Tunisia
hysocyami Rabenh., 1860, tobacco), Solanum trunks, America: Argentina,
Peronospora nicotianae Speg., lycopersicum (tomat, branches), biji Brazil, Chile, Costa
1892, Peronospora tabacina D. B. tomato), Solanum (true seeds), Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Adam, 1933); melongena (terung, bunga (flowers, El Salvador,
Oomycetes, Peronosporea, eggplant, aubergine), inflorescences, Guatemala, Haiti,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; Solanum pimpinellifolium cones, calyx) Honduras, Jamaica,
angular tobacco leaf spot, blue mould (currant tomato) daun (leaves), Mexico, Nicaragua,
of tobacco, downy mildew, tobacco tunas (shoots) Puerto Rico, USA,
black fire, tobacco blue mould, tobacco Uruguay, Venezuela
wildfire Asia: Algeria, Georgia,
Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Jordan, Lebanon,
Libya, Mongolia,
Myanmar, Syria,
Turkey, Uni Arab
Emirat, Yemen
Europe: Albania,
Armenia, Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Croatia, Cyprus,
- 478 -

COMMON NAME)
Czech, France,
Germany, Greece,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Moldova,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
77. [c]: Peronospora sparsa Berk. (1862); I Punus laurocerasus, Rosa akar (roots), Africa: Egypt,
(Syn. Peronoplasmopara sparsa spp. (mawar, rose), Rubus batang (stems Mauritius, Morocco,
(Berk.) Uljan., 1967, Peronospora spp. (above ground), South Africa, Sudan,
fragariae Roze & Cornu, 1876, trunks, Zimbabwe
Peronospora rosae-gallicae Săvul. & branches), bibit America: Argentina,
Rayss, 1934, Peronospora rubi (seedlings), Brazil, Canada,
Rabenh. ex. J. Schröt., 1886, buah (fruits), Colombia, Mexico,
Pseudoperonospora sparsa (Berk.) bunga (flowers, USA, Venezuela
Jacz., 1928, Puccinia sparsa (Berk.) inflorescences, Asia: Azerbaijan,
- 479 -

COMMON NAME)
Jacz., 1928); cones, calyx), Brunei Darussalam,
Chromista, Oomycota, Oomycetes, daun (leaves), China, India, Iran,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; polong (pods), Israel, Japan, Republic
downy mildew tanaman hasil of Korea (South Korea),
mikropropagasi Philipines
(micropropagate Europe: Andorra,
d plants), tunas Austria, Belarus,
(shoots) Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Montenegro,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
- 480 -

COMMON NAME)
78. [c]: Peronospora viciae f. sp pisi (Sydow) I Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet batang (stems), America: Canada
Boerema & Verhoeven; pea), Vicia faba benih (true Asia: India
Chromista, Oomycota, Oomycetes, seeds), buah Europe: Denmark,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; (fruits), bunga Norway, Poland,
pea downy mildew (inflorescences), Sweden
daun (leaves)
79. [s]: Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müll.) I Agropyron, Bromus inermis, batang (stems), Africa: Angola,
Hedjar., Sydowia, 1969; Cynodon dactylon (rumput biji (true seeds, Ethiopia, Kenya,
[a]: Parastagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Bermuda, Bermuda grass), grain), buah Malawi, Morocco,
Quaedvl., Verkley & Crous, 2013; Hordeum, Hordeum vulgare (fruits), bunga South Africa,
(Syn. Depazea nodorum Berk., (barli, barley), Lolium (flowers, Tanzania, Uganda,
1945,; Hendersonia nodorum perenne, Secale cereale inflorescences, Zambia, Zimbabwe
(Berk.) Petr., 1947, Leptosphaeria (rye), Triticale, Triticum, cones, calyx), America: Argentina,
nodorum E. Müll. (1952), Phoma Triticum aestivum (gandum, daun (leaves), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
hennebergii Lopr., 1893, Phoma wheat) polong (pods) Chile, Colombia,
hennebergii J.G. Kühn, Hedwigia, Ecuador, Mexico, USA,
1877, Septoria holci Pass., 1879, Uruguay, Venezuela
Septoria glumarum Pass., 1879, Asia: Armenia, Bhutan,
Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk., China, India, Iran,
1850 Stagosnospora nodorum Israel, Japan,
(Berk.) E. Castell. & Germano, Kazakhstan, Korea,
1977); Lebanon, Nepal,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Pakistan, Philippines,
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan
Phaeosphaeriaceae; Europe: Austria,
- 481 -

COMMON NAME)
glume blotch Belgium, Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
- 482 -

COMMON NAME)
80. [s]: Phellinus robiniae (Murrill) A. Ames I Albizia falcataria (jeungjing, akar (roots), Africa: Jamaica
1913); albizia), Albizia lelbeck batang (stems) America: Mexico
(Syn. Fomes cedrelae (Murrill) (trembesi, lebbek), Robinia Asia: India, Pakistan,
Sacc. & Trotter, 1912, Fomes pseudoacacia (kayu robinia, Sri Lanka
robiniae (Murrill) Sacc. & D. Sacc., black locust), Anogeissus Oceania: Australia,
1905, Fomitiporella robiniae latifolia (axlewood), Samoa
(Murrill) Teixeira, 1992, Fulvifomes Boswellia serrata (Indian
cedrelae (Murrill) Murrill, 1915, olibanum tree), Casuarina
Fulvifomes robiniae (Murrill) strieta (Australian pine
Murrill, 1914, Polyporus robiniae tree), Dalberbia sissoo
(Murrill) Murrill, 1903, (sonosiso, sonosiso),
Pyropolyporus cedrelae Murrill, Eucalyptus spp.
1908, Pyropolyporus robiniae (eukaliptus, eucalyptus),
Murrill, 1903, Scindalma robiniae Morus alba (murbei, white
(Murrill) Teixeira, 1986); mulberry), Pistacia lentiscus
[a]: - (mastic), Querus sp. (ek,
Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, oak), Shorea robusta (sala,
Agaricomycetes, Hymenochaetales, sal), Terminalia bellarica
Hymenochaetaceae; (kayu joho, beleric),
Yellow spongy rot Terminalia tomentosa (asan)
81. [s]: Phialophora cinerescens (Wollenw.) I Dianthus spp. (anyelir, akar America: Canada,
JFH Beyma (1940); carnation), Fragaria spp., (roots),batang Colombia, USA
[a]: Verticillium cinerescens Wollenw. Helianthus annuus (bunga (stems (above Asia: China, Turkey,
(1930); matahari, sunflower) ground), Uzbekistan
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, trunks, Europe: Belgium,
- 483 -

COMMON NAME)
Eurotiomycetes, Chaetothyriales, branches), Bosnia and
Herpotrichiellaceae; daun (leaves), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Phialophora wilt, vascular wilt of bibit (seedlings), Croatia, Czech
carnation, wilt of carnation media tanam Republic, Finland,
(growing media France, Germany,
associated with Greece, Hungary,
plants), Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
tanaman (whole Lithuania, Montenegro,
plant), tanaman North Macedonia,
hasil Norway, Poland,
mikropropagasi Romania, Russian
(micropropagate Federation, Serbia,
d plants), tunas Slovenia, Spain,
(shoots) Ukraine, United
Kingdom
82. [r]: Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.) I Rosa spp. (mawar, rose) batang (stems), Africa: Canary Island,
Schltdl, 1824; daun (leaves) Egypt, Eritrea,
(Syn. Aregma disciflora Arthur, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
1899, Aregma mucronatum (Pers.) Madagascar, Morocco,
Fr., 1832, Aregma phragmidium South Africa,
Fr., 1832, Aregma phragmidium Zimbabwe
subsp. mucronatum (Pers.) Fr., America: Argentina,
1832, Aregma phragmidium subsp. Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
obtusatum Fr., 1832, Aregma Chile, Costa Rica,
- 484 -

COMMON NAME)
phragmidium subsp. phragmidium Guatemala, Honduras,
Fr., 1832, Ascophora disciflora Jamaica, Mexico, USA
Tode, 1790, Ascophora disciflora Asia: Armenia, China,
var. byssina Tode, 1790, Ascophora Georgia, India, Iran,
disciflora var. disciflora Tode, 1790, Iraq, Japan,
Ascophora disciflora var. solida Kazakhstan, Myanmar,
Tode, 1790, Caeoma miniatum Pakistan, Philippines,
(Pers.) Schltdl., 1824, Caeoma Saudi Arabia, Turkey
pingue (DC.) Link, 1852, Caeoma Europe: Austria,
rosae var. miniatum (Pers.) Link, Belarus, Bulgaria,
1825, Coleosporium miniatum Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Bonord., 1860, Coleosporium Republic, Denmark,
pingue (DC.) Lév., 1847, Finland, France,
Coleosporium pingue (DC.) Lév., Germany, Greece,
1856, Coleosporium pingue var. Ireland, Italy,
alchemillae Berk. & Broome, 1875, Lithuania, Malta,
Coleosporium pingue var. pingue Netherlands, Norway,
(DC.) Lév., 1847, Erysibe miniata Poland, Portugal,
(Pers.) Wallr., 1833, Erysibe Romania, Russian
miniata var. miniata (Pers.) Wallr., Federation, Serbia,
1833, Puccinia mucronata Pers.); Spain, Sweden,
Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Ukraine, United
Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales, Kingdom
Praghmidiaceae; Oceania: Australia,
rust of rose New Zealand
- 485 -

COMMON NAME)
83. [s]: Phyllachora huberii Henn., 1900; I Hevea brasiliensis (karet, batang muda, America: Brazil,
(Syn. Catacauma huberi (Henn.) rubber tree) daun (leaves) Guyana
Theiss. & Syd., 1915);
[a]: -
Sordariomycetes, Phyllachorales,
Phyllachoraceae;
black spot, tar spot
84. [s]: Phyllachora pomigena (Schwein.) I Malus domestica (apel, buah (fruits), America: Brazil, USA
Sacc., 1883; apple), Citrus spp., cabang Asia: India, Japan
(Syn. Dothidea pomigena Schwein., Magnolia spp., Orchidaceae (branches), Europe: Germany
1832); (anggrek, orchid), Querqus daun (leaves) United Kingdom
[a]: Gloeodes pomigena (Schwein.) spp., Vitis vinifera (anggur,
Colby, 1920; grapevine)
Sordariomycetes, Phyllachorales,
Phyllachoraceae;
sooty blotch on twig and fruit
85. [s]: - I Crataegus sp., Malus buah (fruits), America: Canada, USA
[a]: Phyllosticta arbutifolia Ellis & G. domestica (apel, apple) daun (leaves)
Martin, 1886; Pyrus coronaria
(Syn. Phyllosticta arbutifoliae Ellis
& G. Martin,1886, Phyllosticta
solitaria Ellis & Everh., 1895,
Phyllostictina solitaria (Ellis &
- 486 -

COMMON NAME)
Everh.);
Phyllostictaceae;
apple blotch
86. [s]:- I Glycine max (kedelai, biji (true seeds), Africa: Ghana, Kenya,
[a]: Phyllosticta phaseolina Sacc., soyabean), Phaseolus spp., buah (fruits), Malawi, Mauritius,
1878; Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, batang (stems), Sierra Leone, Sudan,
(Syn. Phyllosticta phaseolorum common bean), Vanilla sp. daun (leaves), Zambia
Sacc. & Speg., 1878); polong (pods), America: Barbados,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, tanaman (whole Jamaica
Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriales, of plant)
Phyllostictaceae;
leaf spot, fruit blotch, twig canker,
brown: bean leaf spot
87. [s]: - I Fabaceae, Juglandaceae, akar (roots), Africa: Libya,
[a]: Phymatotrichopsis omnivora Malvaceae, Rosaceae, batang (stems Zimbabwe
(Duggar) Hennebert, 1973; Umbelliferae, Abelmoschus (above ground), America: Cuba,
(Syn. Ozonium omnivorum Shear, esculentus (okra), trunks, Mexico, USA,
1907, Phymatotrichum omnivorum Abelmoschus moschatus branches), Venezuela
Duggar, 1916); (okra, lady’s finger), media tanam Eropa: United Kingdom
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Arachys hypogaea (kacang (growing media
Pezizomycetes, Pezizales, Rhizinaceae; tanah, groundnut), Beta associated with
cotton root rot, root rot of cotton, soft vulgaris var saccharifera plants), tunas
rot of cotton, cotton soft rot, grapevine (bit, sugar beet) Carya (shoots)
- 487 -

COMMON NAME)
root rot illinoinensis, Ficus carica
(ara), Glycine max (kedelai,
Juglans regia, Malus
Medicago sativa, Phaseolus,
Populus,Prunus spp., Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Salix,
Ulmus, Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine)
88. [c]: Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybr. & I Actinidia chinensis (Chinese akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, South
Laff. (1919); gooseberry), Actinidia batang (stems Africa, Zimbabwe
(Syn. Phytophthora cryptogea var. deliciosa (kiwifruit), Allium (above ground), America: Argentina,
cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff., 1919, cepa (bawang bombay, trunks, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Pythiomorpha aoryzae S. Ito & onion), Antirrhinum majus branches), bibit Ecuador, Mexico, USA
Nagai (1931); (snapdragon), Apium tanaman Asia: China, Iran,
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, graveolens (seledri, celery), (seedlings), Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; Asparagus officinalis buah (fruits), Malaysia, Pakistan,
tomato foot rot, damping off, gerbera (asparagus), Aster, Brassica bunga (flowers, Republic of Korea
foot rot, black neck of oleracea var. botrytis (bunga inflorescences, (South Korea), Taiwan,
chrysanthemum, tulip shanking, corm, kol, cauliflower), Cajanus cones, calyx), Turkey
stem and leaf rot of gloxinia, pink rot cajan (kacang gude, pigeon daun (leaves), Europe: Austria,
of potato, stem rot, root rot, damping- pea), Calathea, Calendula media tanam Belgium, Bulgaria,
off officinalis (Pot marigold), (growing media Croatia, Czech
- 488 -

COMMON NAME)
Callistephus chinensis associated with Republic, Denmark,
(China aster), Capsicum plants), umbi Finland, France,
annuum (paprika, bell (bulbs, tubers, Germany, Greece,
pepper), Castanea corms, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
(chestnuts), Celosia rhizomes), Montenegro,
argentea (celosia), polong (pods), Netherlands, North
Chrysanthemum (krisan, tunas (shoots) Macedonia, Norway,
daisy), Chrysanthemum Poland, Russian
frutescens (marguerite), Federation, Serbia,
Chrysanthemum vestitum, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Cichorium (chicory), Spain, Sweden, United
Cichorium intybus (chicory), Kingdom
Citrullus lanatus Oceania: Australia,
(semangka, watermelon), New Zealand, Papua
Citrus, Clarkia (satin New Guinea
flowers), Consolida ambigua
(rocket larkspur),
Cotoneaster, Cucumis melo
(melon, melon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita
(pumpkin), Cucurbita
maxima (giant pumpkin),
Cucurbita moschata (labu,
- 489 -

COMMON NAME)
zucchini), Cupressus
(cypresses), Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (guar),
Cyphomandra betacea (tree
tomato), Dahlia, Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot),
Dianthus barbatus (sweet
williams), Dianthus
caryophyllus (anyelir,
carnation), Erica (heaths),
Erysimum cheiri
(wallflower), Eucalyptus
spp. (eukaliptus,
eucalyptus), Euphorbia
pulcherrima (poinsettia),
Fragaria (stroberi,
strawberry), Gerbera
(Barbeton daisy), Gerbera
jamesonii (African daisy),
Gladiolus hybrids (sword
lily), Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gynura bicolor,
Gypsophila paniculata
(babysbreath), Hebe,
- 490 -

COMMON NAME)
Juglans regia (walnut),
Juniperus chinensis
(Chinese juniper), Lactuca
Liatris spicata (spike
gayfeather), Limonium
sinuatum (sea pink),
Lupinus spp., Malus
Maranta (arrowroot),
Matthiola incana (stock),
Medicago sativa (lucerne),
Nasturtium officinale
(watercress), Nicotiana
tabacum (tembakau,
tobacco), Onobrychis
viciifolia (sainfoin), Papaver
nudicaule (Iceland poppy),
Parthenium argentatum
(Guayule), Pericallis cruenta
(common cineraria), Persea
americana (avokad,
- 491 -

COMMON NAME)
avocado), Petroselinum
crispum (parsley), Petunia
hybrida, Phaseolus vulgaris
(common bean), Picea
(spruces), Pinus (pines),
Pinus lambertiana (big
pine), Pinus mugo
(mountain pine), Pinus nigra
(black pine), Pinus radiata
(radiata pine), Pisum spp.,
Populus simonii (Simon
poplar), Prunus armeniaca
avium (ceri manis, sweet
cherry), Prunus cerasus
(kersen, sour cherry),
Prunus dulcis (almon,
badam, almond), Prunus
Prunus persica (peach),
plum), Rubus idaeus
(raspberry), St.paulia
ionantha (African violet),
Salvia officinalis (common
- 492 -

COMMON NAME)
sage), Simmondsia chinensis
(jojoba), Solanum melongena
(terung, eggplant,
aubergine), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Spinacia oleracea
(bayam, spinach), Syzygium
samarangense (water
apple), Tagetes erecta
(African marigold),
Tanacetum cinerariifolium
(Pyrethrum), Triticum
Tulipa (tulip), Vicia villosa,
Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Zinnia
elegans (zinnia)
89. [c]: Phytophthora fragariae Hickman, I Fragaria, Fragaria akar (roots), Africa: Egypt
1940; ananassa, Fragaria batang (stems), America: Canada,
(Syn. Phytophthora fragariae var. chiloensis (chilean bibit Chile, Ecuador,
fragariae Hickman, 1940, strawberry), Fragaria vesca (seedlings),medi Mexico, USA
Phytophthora fragariae var. (arbei, strawberry), Rubus a tanam Asia: India, Israel,
oryzobladis J.S. Wang & J.Y. Lu, idaeus (raspberry) (growing media China, Japan,
1978); associated with Lebanon, Syria,
Oomycota, Oomycetes, Peronosporea, plants), stolon Taiwan
- 493 -

COMMON NAME)
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; Europe: Austria,
Red core, red stele disease, strawberry Belgium, Bulgaria,
red stele root rot, raspberry root rot, Cyprus, Czech
red core disease of strawberry, red core Republic, Denmark,
of strawberry, red stele disease of France, Germany,
strawberry, red stele of strawberry Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Russian Federation,
Scotland, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
90. [c]: Phytophthora megakarya Brasier & I Ananas comosus (nanas, akar (roots), Africa: Cameroon,
M.J. Griffin (1979); pineapple), Carica papaya batang (stems Equatorial Guinea,
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, (pepaya, papaya), Colocasia (above ground), Gabon, Ghana,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; esculenta (talas, taro), trunks, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
black pod of cocoa, seedling blight of Elaeis guineensis (kelapa branches), Nigeria, Togo
cocoa, trunk canker of cocoa sawit, oilpalm), Mangifera buah (fruits),
indica (mangga, mango), daun (leaves),
Musa x paradisiaca (pisang, kayu (woods),
banana), Persea americana kulit kayu
- 494 -

COMMON NAME)
(alpukat, avocado), (bark), polong
Theobroma cacao (kakao, (pods), tunas
cocoa), Xanthosoma (shoots)
sagittifolium (elephant ear)
91. [c]: Phytophthora megasperma I Actinidia deliciosa akar (roots), America: Argentina,
Drechsler 1931; (kiwifruit), Aesculus bahan Canada, Chile, USA
(Syn. Pythiomorpha miyabeana S. hippocastanum (buckeye), perbanyakan Asia: China, India,
Ito & Nagai 1931, Phytophthora Alcea rosea (Hollyhock), tanaman (hasil Iran, Japan, Republic
megasperma var. megasperma Asparagus officinalis mikropropagasi) of Korea (South Korea),
Drechsler 1931; (asparagus), Banksia, (micropropagate Philippines
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, Brassica oleracea d plants), Europe: Bosnia and
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; (cabbages, cauliflowers), batang (stems Herzegovina, Croatia,
root rot, crown rot, trunk canker, Brassica oleracea var. (above ground), France, Greece,
collar rot, apoplexy, sudden wilt, fruit botrytis (cauliflower), trunks, Ireland, Italy,
rot, stem blight, seed-piece rot, tuber Brassica oleracea var. branches), bibit Montenegro, North
rot, pod rot, black rot, blight, spear rot capitata (cabbage), Brassica (seedlings), Macedonia, Scotland,
oleracea var. gemmifera daun (leaves), Serbia, Slovenia,
(Brussels sprouts), Brassica kayu (woods), Spain, United Kingdom
rapa subsp. pekinensis (pe- kulit kayu Oceania: Australia,
tsai), Buddleia (bark), media New Zealand
(butterflybush), Carthamus tanam (growing
tinctorius (safflower), media
Castanea sativa (chestnut), associated with
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana plants), polong
(Port Orford cedar), Cicer (pods), tanaman
- 495 -

COMMON NAME)
arietinum (chickpea), (whole plant),
Cytisus (Broom), Dahlia, tunas (shoots),
Daucus carota (carrot), umbi (bulbs,
Dianthus caryophyllus tubers, corms,
(anyelir, carnation), rhizomes)
Eucalyptus spp.
(eukaliptus, eucalyptus),
Juglans regia (walnut),
Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Matthiola incana
(stock), Narcissus (daffodil),
(Guayule), Pinus (pines),
Prunus armeniaca (apricot),
sweet cherry), Prunus
cerasus (kersen, sour
(peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum),
- 496 -

COMMON NAME)
(Douglas-fir), Ribes uva-
crispa (gooseberry), Rubus
idaeus (raspberry), Solanum
tomato), Saccharum
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sorbus aria
(whitebeam), Sorbus
aucuparia (mountain ash),
Vicia faba (broad bean)
92. [c]: Phytophthora phaseoli Thaxt. I Phaseolus lunatus (kacang akar (roots), Africa: DR Congo
(1889); kratok, lima bean), batang (stems), America: Mexico,
(Syn. Phytophthora infestans var. Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, biji (stems), Puerto Rico, USA
phaseoli (Thaxt.) Leonian (1925); common bean) daun (leaves), Asia: Philippines, Sri
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, media tanam Lanka
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; (growing media Europe: Italy, Russian
Phaseolus leaf blight, collar rot of lima associated with Federation
bean plants)
93. [c]: Phytophthora ramorum Werres, De I Abies grandis (grand fir), batang (stems America: Canada, USA
Cock & Main in’t Veld, 2001; Abies magnifica (red fir), (above ground), Europe: Belgium,
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, Acer circinatum, Acer shoots, trunks, Croatia, Denmark,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; branches), Finland, France,
macrophyllum (broadleaf
Sudden oak death, ramorum leaf daun (leaves), Germany, Greece,
maple), Acer
- 497 -

COMMON NAME)
blight, ramorum shoot dieback and pseudoplatanus (sycamore), media tanam Ireland, Italy,
sudden larch death Adiantum aleuticum, (growing media Netherlands, Norway,
Adiantum jordanii associated with Poland, Portugal,
plants), bibit Serbia, Slovakia,
(California maidenhair
(seedlings, Slovenia, Spain,
fern), Aesculus californica micropropagate Sweden, Switzerland,
(California buckeye), d plants), kayu United Kingdom
Aesculus hippocastanum (wood)
(horse chestnut), Arbutus
menziesii (Pacific madrone),
Arctostaphylos (bearberry),
Arctostaphylos columbiana
(Hairy manzanita),
Arctostaphylos manzanita,
Calluna vulgaris (heather),
Camellia, Camellia japonica
(camellia), Camellia
sasanqua (Sasanqua),
Castanea sativa (chestnut),
Ceanothus thyrsiflorus
(Blueblossom ceanothus),
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
(Port Orford cedar),
- 498 -

COMMON NAME)
Cinnamomum camphora
(camphor laurel), Corylus
cornuta (beaked hazel),
Corylus cornuta var.
californica (California hazel),
Fagus sylvatica (common
beech), Frangula californica,
Fraxinus excelsior (ash),
Gaultheria procumbens
(Aromatic wintergreen),
Griselinia littoralis,
Hamamelis virginiana
(Virginian witch-hazel),
Heteromeles salicifolia
(toyon), Kalmia (laurel),
Larix (larches), Larix
kaempferi (Japanese larch),
Laurus nobilis (sweet bay),
Lithocarpus (stone oaks),
Lonicera hispidula,
Loropetalum chinense,
Magnolia stellata (Star
- 499 -

COMMON NAME)
magnolia), Magnolia x
loebneri, Maianthemum
racemosum, Michelia
doltsopa (champ),
Notholithocarpus densiflorus
(Tanoak), Parrotia persica
(persian ironwood), Photinia
fraseri, Picea sitchensis
(Sitka spruce), Pieris
japonica (Lily-of-the-valley
shrub), Pseudotsuga
Quercus agrifolia (California
live oak), Quercus cerris
(European Turkey oak),
Quercus chrysolepis
(Canyon live oak), Quercus
falcata (red oak), Quercus
ilex (holm oak), Quercus
kelloggii (California black
oak), Quercus parvula var.
shrevei, Rhamnus
- 500 -

COMMON NAME)
purshiana (Cascara
buckthorn), Rhododendron
(Azalea), Rhododendron
catawbiense, Rosa
gymnocarpa, Salix caprea
(pussy willow), Sambucus
nigra (elder), Sequoia
sempervirens (coast
redwood), Syringa vulgaris
(lilac), Taxus baccata
(English yew),
Toxicodendron diversilobum,
Trientalis latifolia,
Umbellularia californica
(California laurel),
Vaccinium myrtillus
ovatum (Box blueberry),
Viburnum, Viburnum
bodnantense, Viburnum
- 501 -

COMMON NAME)
tinus
94. [c]: Phytophthora sojae Kaufm & Gerd., I Glycine max (kedelai, akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
1958; soyabean), Lupinus sp. batang (stems America: Argentina,
(Syn. Phytophthora sojae f.sp. (above ground), Brazil, Canada, Chile,
glycines Faris et al., Phytophthora trunks, USA
megasperma var. sojae A.A. branches), biji Asia: China, India,
Hildebr. 1959); (true seeds), Iran, Japan, Mongolia,
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, buah (fruits), Pakistan, Republic of
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; daun (leaves), Korea (South Korea),
root and stem rot, root and stem rot of media tanam Europe: Bulgaria,
soybean, root and stem rot of (tanah) (growing Croatia, France, Italy,
soyabean media Poland, Russian
associated with Federation, Slovenia,
plants, soil), Switzerland, Ukraine,
polong (pods), United Kingdom
tunas (shoots) Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea
95. [s]: - I Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, batang (stems), America: Brazil,
[a]: Plenodomus destruens Harter, sweet potato) biji (true seeds), Caribbean, USA
1913; umbi (tubers) Asia: China, Republic
(Syn. Phomopsis destruens (Harter) of Korea (South Korea)
Boerema, Loer. & Hamers, 1996);
- 502 -

COMMON NAME)
foot rot of sweet potato
96. [s]: - I Citrus spp., Fortunella, akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Tunisia,
[a]: Plenodomus tracheiphilus (Petri) Poncirus batang (stems), Uganda
Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley, biji (true seeds), Asia: Georgia, Iraq,
2012; buah (fruits) Israel, Lebanon, Syria,
(Syn. Bakerophoma tracheiphila Turkey, Yemen
(Petri) Cif., 1946, Deuterophoma Europe: Albania,
tracheiphila Petri, 1929, Phoma Cyprus, France,
tracheiphila (Peri) L.A. Kantsch. & Greece, Italy, Russian
Gikaschvili, 1948); Federation
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Oceania: Australia
mal secco disease of citrus, wilt of
citrus, citrus wilt, citrus mal secco
97. [s]: Podosphaera clandestina (Wallr.) I Crataegus monogyna batang muda, Africa: Libya,
Lév., 1851; (hawthorn), Cydonia buah (fruits), Mauritius, Morocco,
(Syn. Erysiphe clandestina (Wallr.) oblonga (kwinsi, quince), daun (leaves) Zimbabwe
Link, 1842, Erysiphe oxyacanthae Prunus armeniaca (apricot), America: Canada, USA
DC., 1815, Podosphaera Prunus avium (ceri manis, Asia: Armenia,
aucupariae Erikss., 1886, sweet cherry), Prunus Azerbaijan, China,
Podosphaera clandestina var. domestica (prem, plum), Hong Kong, India, Iran,
luxurians U. Braun, 2012, Prunus salicina (prem Iraq, Japan,
Podosphaera clandestina var. Jepang, Japanese plum) Kazakhstan,
aucupariae (Erikss.) U. Braun, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
- 503 -

COMMON NAME)
1984, Podosphaera clandestina var. Republic of Korea
clandestina (Wallr.) Lév., 1851, (South Korea), Turkey,
Podosphaera clandestina var. Turkmenistan,
cydoniae N. Ahmad, A.K. Sarbhoy Uzbekistan
& Kamal, 1998, Podosphaera Europe: Austria,
clandestina var. perlonga U. Braun, Belgium, Bosnia and
2012, Podosphaera oxyacanthae Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
(DC.) de Bary, 1870, Podosphaera Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
oxyacanthae subsp. oxyacanthae Republic, Denmark,
(DC.) de Bary, 1870, Podosphaera Estonia, Finland,
oxyacanthae f. oxyacanthae (DC.) France, Germany,
de Bary, 1870, Podosphaera Greece, Hungary,
oxyacanthae var. oxyacanthae Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
(DC.) de Bary, 1870); Lithuania, Montenegro,
[a]: Oidium crataegi Grognot, 1882; Netherlands, North
(Syn. Alphitomorpha clandestina Macedonia, Norway,
Wallr., 1819, Alphitomorpha Poland, Portugal,
oxycanthae (DC.) Wallr. 1819); Romania, Russian
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Federation, Serbia,
Leotiomycetes, Erysiphales, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Erysiphaceae; Spain, Sweden,
powdery mildew of cherry; powdery Ukraine, United
mildew of hawthorn; mildew of quince Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
- 504 -

COMMON NAME)
98. [s]: - I Solanum spp., Solanum akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
[a]: Polyscytalum pustulans (M.N. tuberosum (kentang, potato) umbi (bulbs), America: Canada, USA
Owen & Wakef.) M.B. Ellis, 1976; batang (stems Asia: Iran
(Syn. Oospora pustulans M.N. (above ground), Europe: Estonia,
Owen & Wakef., 1919); trunks, Germany, Ireland,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina; branches), Lithuania,
skin spot of potato media tanam Netherlands, Norway,
(growing media Romania, Russian
associated with Federation, Scotland,
plants), organ United Kingdom
vegetative, Oceania: Australia,
tunas (shoots) New Zealand
99. [r]: Puccinia asparagi DC., 1805; I Allium cepa (bawang batang (stems Africa: Angola,
(Syn. Aecidium asparagi Lasch, bombay, onion), Allium cepa (above ground, Ethiopia, Kenya,
1848, Dicaeoma asparagi (DC.) var. agregatum (bawang trunks, Morocco, South Africa,
Kuntze, 1898, Persooniella merah, shallot), Allium branches), bibit Tanzania, Uganda,
asparagi (DC.) Syd., 1922, Puccinia tuberosum (kucai), (seedlings), biji Zambia
discoidearum var. asparagi (DC.) Asparagus asparagoides (true seeds, America: Canada,
Wallr., 1833, Uredo (bridal creeper), Asparagus grains), daun Cuba, Dominican
asparagi Lasch, 1848); maritimus, Asparagus (leaves), Republic, Mexico, USA
Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, officinalis (asparagus, tanaman hasil Asia: China, Georgia,
Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales; asparagus), Asparagus mikropropagasi India, Iran, Israel,
Pucciniaceae; officinalis subsp. officinalis, (micropropagate Japan, Kazakhstan,
asparagus rust, rust of asparagus Asparagus scaber, d plants), tunas Philippines, Taiwan,
- 505 -

COMMON NAME)
Asparagus setaceus (shoots) Turkey, Turkmenistan,
(asparagus fern), Asparagus Uzbekistan
verticillatus Europe: Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
Lithuania,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation
100. [r]: Puccinia coronata Corda, 1837; I Agrostis capillaris (brown batang (stems Africa: Algeria, Canary
(Syn. Aecidium crassum Pers., bentgrass), Agrostis (above ground), Islands, Egypt,
1801, Aecidium gigantea (black bent), trunks, Ethiopia, Kenya,
frangulae Schumach., 1803, Agrostis stolonifera branches), Morocco, Tanzania
Aecidium irregulare DC., 1805, (creeping bentgrass), bunga (flowers, America: Argentina,
Aecidium rhamni J.F. Gmel., 1792, Alopecurus aequalis (Dent inflorescences, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Caeoma crassatum Link, 1825, foxtail), Arrhenatherum cones, calyx), Mexico, USA, Uruguay
Dicaeoma gibberosum (Lagerh.) elatius (false oatgrass), daun (leaves), Asia: China, India,
Kuntze, 1898, Dicaeoma Avena sativa (oat, oats), tunas (shoots) Iran, Israel, Japan,
rhamni (J.F. Gmel.) Kuntze, 1898, Bromus erectus (upright Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
- 506 -

COMMON NAME)
Puccinia calamagrostidis P. Syd., brome(grass)), Bromus Pakistan, Uzbekistan
1892, Puccinia coronata Peturson, tectorum (downy brome), Europe: Austria,
1934, Puccinia coronata f. Calamagrostis epigejos, Belarus, Bosnia dan
agrostidis Erikss., 1894, Puccinia Festuca arundinacea (reed Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
coronata var. arrhenatheri Kleb., fescue), Festuca ovina Croatia, Czech,
Puccinia coronata var. avenae W.P. (sheeps fescue), Festuca Denmark, Estonia,
Fraser & Ledingham, 1933, pratensis (English Finland, France,
Puccinia coronata var. bromi W.P. bluegrass), Festuca rubra Corsica, Germany,
Fraser & Ledingham, 1933, (red fescue), Frangula alnus, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Puccinia coronata var. Hordeum vulgare (barli, Latvia, Lithuania,
calamagrostis W.P. Fraser & barley), Lolium rigidum Montenegro,
Ledingham, 1933, Puccinia (rigid ryegrass), Phalaris Netherlands, North
coronata var. coronata Corda, canariensis (Canary grass), Macedonia, Norway,
1837, Puccinia coronata f. Phleum pratense (timothy), Poland, Portugal,
coronata Corda, 1837, Puccinia Rhamnus spp., Secale Romania, Russian
coronata var. elaeagni W. P. Frase cereale (rye), Trisetum Federation, Serbia,
& Ledingham, 1983, Puccinia flavescens (yellow oatgrass), Slovakia, Slovenia,
coronata var. epigejos (S. Ito) Rhamnus caroliniana Spain, Sweden,
Hirats. f., 1983, Puccinia (Carolina buckthorn), Switzerland, Ukraine,
coronata var. festucae Erikss., Rhamnus cathartica United Kingdom
Puccinia (buckthorn), Rhamnus Oceania: Australia,
coronata var. gibberosa (Lagerh.) frangula (alder buckthorn), New Zealand
Jørst., 1949, Puccinia turfgrasses
coronata var. golestanica M. Abbasi
& Hedjar., 2004, Puccinia
- 507 -

COMMON NAME)
coronata var. elaeagni W.P. Fraser
& Ledingham, 1933, Puccinia
coronatavar. himalensis Barclay,
1891, Puccinia coronata var.
holci Kleb., Puccinia
coronata f. holci Kleb., 1913,
Puccinia coronata var. hordei H. Jin
& Steff., 1999, Puccinia
coronata var. intermedia Z. Urb.,
1967, Puccinia coronata
var. lolii Beeynck, 1854, Puccinia
coronate var. rangiferina (S. Ito)
Cummins, 1971, Puccinia
rangiferina S. Ito, 1909, Puccinia
coronata var. secalis Peturson,
1954, Puccinia coronata
var. sertata Rabenh., 1858,
Puccinia coronati-hordei M. Liu &
Hambl., 2013, Puccinia epigejos S.
Ito, 1909, Puccinia
gibberosa Lagerh., 1888, Puccinia
lolii E. Nielsen, 1875, Puccinia
rangiferina S. Ito, 1909, Puccinia
rhamni (J.F. Gmel.) Wettst., 1886,
Solenodonta coronata (Corda) Syd.,
- 508 -

COMMON NAME)
1921 Solenodonta epigejos (S. Ito)
Syd., 1921, Solenodonta
gibberosa (Lagerh.) Syd., 1921,
Solenodonta rangiferina (S. Ito)
Syd., 1921);
Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina,
Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales,
Pucciniaceae;
crown rust of grasses, crown rust of
oat, crown rust, oat crown rust;
101. [s]: Pyrenophora teres Dreschler; I Avena sativa (oat, oats), batang (stems), Africa: Canary Islands,
(Syn. Pyrenophora teres f. maculata Bromus inermis (awnless biji (true seeds, Egypt, Eritrea,
Smed.-Pet. (1971), Pyrenophora brome), Hordeum vulgare grains), bunga Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
teres f. teres Drechsler (1923), (barley), Poaceae (grasses), (flowers, Morocco, Saint Helena,
Pyrenophora teres subsp. graminea Triticum aestivum (gandum, inflorescences, South Africa,
(S. Ito & Kurib.) Simay, (1992), wheat), Zea mays (jagung, cones, calyx), Tanzania, Tunisia,
Pyrenophora teres subsp. Teres corn, maize) daun (leaves), Zambia
Drechsler (1923)); tunas (shoots) America: Argentina,
[a]: Drechslera teres (Sacc.) Shoemaker Brazil, Canada,
(1959); Colombia, Mexico,
(Syn. Drechslera teres f. maculata Peru, Uruguay, USA
Smed.-Pet. (1971), Drechslera teres Asia: Afghanistan,
f. teres (Sacc.) Shoemaker (1959), China, India, Iran,
Drechslera teres subsp. teres Iraq, Israel, Japan,
(Sacc.) Shoemaker (1959), Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar,
- 509 -

COMMON NAME)
Helminthosporium hordei Eidam Nepal, Pakistan,
(1891), Helminthosporium teres Republic of Korea
Sacc. (1886)); (South Korea), Syria,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Taiwan, Turkey,
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporomycetidae, Turkmenistan,
Pleosporales, Pleosporaceae; Uzbekistan
net blotch, net blotch of barley Europe: Armenia,
Austria, Baltic States,
Belarus, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Faroe Islands,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
Lithuania, Malta,
Poland, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, United
Kingdom
- 510 -

COMMON NAME)
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
102. [s]: Sarocladium strictum (W. Gams) I Agaricus bisporus (jamur batang (stems), Africa: Burkina Faso,
Summerb., 2011; kancing, button biji (true seeds, Cameroon, Egypt,
(Syn. Acremonium strictum W. mushroom), Arachis grains), buah Libya, Nigeria, South
Gams, 1971, Acremonium strictum hypogaea (kacang tanah, (fruits), daun Africa, Uganda
W. Gams & D.R Sumner, (1971), groundnut), Asparagus (leaves), media America: Argentina,
Acremonium zeae W. Gams & D.R oficinalis (asparagus), tanam (growing Brazil, Chile, Mexico,
Sumner, (1971), Tilachlidium Avena sativa (gandum, media USA
medietatis Novobr (1972)); oats), Daucus carota (wortel, associated with Asia: China, India,
[a] Cephalosporium acremonium var. carrot), Glycine soja plants), polong Iran, Pakistan, Syria,
natricis Frágner, 1958; (kedelai, soybean), (pods) Turkey
(Syn. Hyalopus acremonium (Corda) Gladiolus grandiflorus Europe: Czech
M. A. J. Barbosa, 1941, (gladiol), Phaseolus vulgaris Republic, Italy,
Cephalosporium majus (Penz.) (buncis, common bean), Netherlands, Poland,
Mussat, 1990, Haplotrichum Pisum sativum (kacang Russian Federation,
acremonium (Corda) Pound & Clem., polong, pea), Poaceae Slovakia, Spain
1896, Cephalosporium acremonium (rumput, grasses), Quercus Oceania: Australia
var. uniseptum Massee, 1887, ilex (holm oak), Solanum
Cephalosporium acremonium Corda, lycopersicum (tomat,
1839, Cephalosporium acremonium tomato), Sorghum bicolor
var. acremonium Corda, 1839); (sorghum), Tritichum
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, aestivum (gandum, wheat),
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreomycetidae, Zea mays (jagung, corn,
Hypocreales; maize)
- 511 -

COMMON NAME)
acremonium wilt, black bundle disease
of maize, kernel rot of maize
103. [s]: - I Elaeis guineensis (kelapa biji (true seeds),
Africa: Angola, Antilles
[a]: Uwemyces elaeidis (Steyaert) sawit, oilpalm) buah (fruits), Netherlands, Benin,
Hern.-Restr., G. A. Sarria & Crous, daun (leaves) Cameroon, Ivory Coast,
2016; DR Congo, Congo,
(Syn. Cercospora elaeidis Steyaert, Gabon, Ghana,
1948, Pseudospiropes elaeidis Guinea-Bissau,
(Steyaert) Deighton, 1986); Guinea, Liberia,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Nigeria, Sao Tome and
Dothideomycetes, Mycosphaerellales, Principe, Senegal,
Mycosphaerellaceae; Sierra Leone, Sudan,
cercospora leaf spot, freckle of oil Suriname Tanzania,
palm, leaf spot of oil palm, oil palm Togo, Zimbabwe
leaf spot Oceania: Australia
104. [s]: Rosellinia necatrix Berl. ex Prill., I Abies alba, Acacia, Acer, akar (roots), Africa: Central Africa,
1904; Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, batang (stems DR Congo, Ethiopia,
(Syn. Hypoxylon necatrix (Berl. ex kiwi fruit), Aesculus, (above ground), Kenya, Morocco,
Prill.) P.M.D. Martin, 1968, Annona, Asparagus trunks, Mozambique, Nigeria,
Hypoxylon necatrix (Berl. ex Prill.) officinalis (asparagus, branches), kayu South Africa, Réunion,
P.M.D. Martin, 1976, Rosellinia asparagus), azalea, (woods), kulit Zimbabwe
radiciperda sensu auct. NZ; fide Begonia, Beta vulgaris var kayu (bark), America: Argentina,
Nzfungi (2008) ); saccharifera (bit, sugar media tanam Brazil, Colombia,
[a]: Dematophora necatrix R. Hartig, beet), Berberis, Boehmeria (growing media Dominica, Mexico, USA
1883, Pleurographium necator (R. nivea (rami, ramie), associated with Asia: China, Georgia,
- 512 -

COMMON NAME)
Hartig) Goid., 1935, Rhizomorpha Brassica oleracea capitata plants), tunas India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
necatrix R. Hartig, 1883); (kubis, cabbage), Camellia (shoots), umbi Japan, Lebanon,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, sinensis (teh, tea), Carya, (bulbs, tubers, Philippines, Republic
Sordariomycetes, Xylariales, Castanea sativa, Ceanothus corms, of Korea (South Korea),
Xylariaceae; megacarpus, Cedrus rhizomes) Taiwan, Turkey
Dematophora root rot, white root rot of atlantica, Citrus spp., Europe: Austria,
trees Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Bosnia and
Corylus avellana, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Cotoneaster, Cydonia Croatia, Cyprus,
oblonga, Cynara scolymus France, Germany,
(artisyok, artichoke), Greece, Italy,
Cyclamen, Cyperus Montenegro,
esculentus, Daucus carota Netherlands, North
(wortel, carrot), Dianthus, Macedonia, Portugal,
Diospyros, Eriobotrya Romania, Russian
japonica, Eucalyptus spp. Federation, Serbia,
(eukaliptus, eucalyptus), Slovenia, Spain,
Fagus, Feijoa sellowiana, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Ficus carica, Fragaria, United Kingdom
Fragaria vesca (stroberi, Oceania: New Zealand
strawberry), Gladiolus
hybrids, Helianthus annuus
(bunga matahari,
sunflower), Humulus
lupulus, Hyacinthus, Ilex
- 513 -

COMMON NAME)
aquifolium, Iris, Ixia,
Jasminum sambac (melati,
jasmine), Juglans, Juglans
regia, Lavandula, Larix
decidua, Ligustrum vulgare,
Laurus nobilis, Malus,
Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Manihot esculenta
(ubi kayu, cassava),
Macadamia, Medicago
sativa, Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Morus,
Narcissus, Olea europea
subsp. europea (zaitum,
olive), Paeonia, Passiflora
avocado), Pelargonium,
Phaseolus, Pistacia vera,
Picea abies, Piper nigrum
(lada, pepper), Pinus
merkusii (tusam, pinetree),
Platanus, stone fruit,
Populus, Protea, Prunus
- 514 -

COMMON NAME)
cerrasus (kersen, sour
cherry), Punica granatum
Pyracantha, Pyrus
communis (pir, pear), Rosa
spp. (mawar, rose),
Ribes, Rubus spp., Rumex,
Salix, Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Sorbus
aucuparia, Theobroma
cacao (kakao, cocoa),
Crocosmia crocosmiiflora,
Tulipa, Ulmus, Viburnum,
Vicia, Vitis, Viola, Vitis
cerealia, Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize), Ziziphus
jujuba, Zantedeschia
105. [s]: Saccharicola taiwanensis (W.Y. Yen I Saccharum officinarum daun (leaves) Asia: India, Japan,
% C.C. Chi) O.E. Erikss. & D. (tebu, sugarcane) Philippines, Taiwan
Hawksw., 2003;
(Syn. Didymella taiwanensis (W.Y.
Yen & C.C. Chi) Shoemaker & C.E.
Babc., 1989);
- 515 -

COMMON NAME)
[a]: Stagonospora taiwanensis W.H.
Hsieh, 1979;
(Syn. Cercospora taiwanensis T.
Matsumoto & W. Yamam., 1934,
Leptoshaeria taiwanensis W.Y. Yen
& C.C. Chi., 1952, Mycovellosiella
taiwanensis (T. Matsumoto & W.
Yamam.) X.J. Liu & Y.L Guo, 1988,
Pseudocercospora taiwanensis (T.
Matsumoto & W. Yamam.) J.M.
Yen, 1981);
Massarinaceae;
sugar cane leaf blight
106. [s]: Schizothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) I Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi), buah (fruits) Africa: Tanzania, Togo,
Arx., 1959; Citrus sp., Cydonia oblonga Zimbabwe
(Syn. Gyrothyrium westerdijkiae (quince), Dianthus America: USA
Arx. (1950); caryophyllus (anyelir, Asia: Brunei
[a]: Botryodiplodia pomi (Mont. & Fr.) carnation), Diospyros, Darussalam, China,
Cif (1946); Diospyros sp. (Malabar India, Iran, Japan,
(Syn. Labrella pomi Mont (1834), ebony), Japanese Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Leptothyrium pomi (Mont.) Sacc persimmon, Malus Europe: Austria, Czech
- 516 -

COMMON NAME)
(1880), Leptothyrium pomi A. Selby, domestica (apel, apple), Republic, Germany,
1920, Microsticta pomi (Mont.) Musa sp., Prunus domestica Montenegro,
(1849), Microthyriella paludosa C. (prem, plum), Pyrus Netherlands, Portugal,
Booth, 1958, Microthyriella rubi, communis (pir, pear), Rubus Serbia, Romania,
Petr., 1923, Schizothyrina rubi fructicosus (blackberry), United Kingdom
(Petr.), Zygophiala jamaicensis E. Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Oceania: New Zealand
W. Mason; Vitis vinifera (anggur,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, grapevine)
Dothideomycetes, Schizothyriaceae;
greasy blotch, flyspeck, sooty blotch
107. [c]: Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.) I Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Ethiopia,
Thirum., C.G. Shaw & Naras Avena sterilis subsp. batang (stems Mauritius, Nigeria,
(1953); ludoviciana (Winter wild (above ground), South Africa, Uganda,
(Syn. Kawakamia macrospora oat), Bromus inermis trunks, Zimbabwe
(Sacc.) Hara (1915), Nozemia (Awnless brome), branches), biji American: Brazil,
macrospora (Sacc.) Tasugi (1931), Dactyloctenium aegyptium (true seeds, Canada, Cuba, Mexico,
Phytophthora macrospora (Sacc.) S. (crowfoot grass), Digitaria grains), bunga USA, Peru, Venezuela
Ito & I. Tanaka (1940), sanguinalis (large (flowers, Asia: China, India,
Phytophthora oryzae (Brizi) Hara, crabgrass), Echinochloa inflorescences, Iran, Iraq, Japan,
1939, Sclerospora macrospora var. crus-galli (barnyard grass), cones, calyx), Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
macrospora (Sacc.) Thirum., C.G. Eleusine coracana (finger daun (leaves), Republic of Korea
Shaw & Naras., 1953, Sclerospora millet), Eleusine indica media tanam (South Korea), Syria,
kriegeriana Magnus, 1896, (goose grass) Elymus repens (growing media Taiwan, Thailand,
Sclerospora macrospora Sacc., (quackgrass) Eragrostis associated with Turkey
1890, Sclerospora oryzae Brizi, (lovegrasses), Hordeum plants), tunas Europe: Austria,
- 517 -

COMMON NAME)
1919); vulgare (barley), Lolium (shoots) Bulgaria, Croatia,
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, temulentum (darnel), Oryza Germany, Italy,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Montenegro, Poland,
downy mildew; crazy top of maize, Panicum capillare (tumble Serbia, Slovenia,
yellow wilt of rice, witches' broom on panicgrass), Pennisetum Switzerland
maize glaucum (pearl millet), Poa Oceania: Australia,
(meadow grass), Saccharum New Zealand
officinarum (tebu,
sugarcane), Setaria viridis
(green foxtail),
(buffalograss), Sorghum
Triticum (wheat), Tritcum
maize), Zoysia japonica
(Zoysia grass)
108. [c]: Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) J. I Echinochloa crus-galli akar (roots), Africa: Burkina Faso,
Schrot (1886); (barnyard grass), Panicum batang (stems Chad, Egypt, Gambia,
(Syn. Peronospora graminicola miliaceum (millet), (above ground), Ghana, Ivory Coast,
(Sacc.) Sacc., 1882, Peronospora Pennisetum glaucum (pearl trunks, Malawi, Mali,
setariae Pass., 1879, Protomyces millet), Saccharum branches), biji Mauritania,
graminicola Sacc., 1876, officinarum (tebu, (true seeds, Mozambique, Niger,
Sclerospora graminicola var. sugarcane), Setaria italica grains), bunga Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
- 518 -

COMMON NAME)
graminicola (Sacc.) J. Schröt., (foxtail millet), Zea mays (flowers, Leone, South Africa,
1886, Sclerospora graminicola var. (jagung, corn, maize), Zea inflorescences, Sudan, Tanzania,
setariae-italicaa Traverso, 1902, mexicana (teosinte) cones, calyx), Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
Sclerospora setariae-italicae daun (leaves), Zimbabwe
(Traverso) Cif. & Sousa da Camara, media tanam America: Argentina,
1963, Ustilago urbanii Magnus, (growing media Canada, Hawaii,
1878); associated with Mexico, Puerto Rico,
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, plants), tunas USA
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; (shoots) Asia: Bhutan, China,
downy mildew of pearl millet, green ear Hong Kong, India, Iran,
Israel, Japan,
Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Taiwan,
Yemen
Europe: Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, France,
Germany, Hungary,
Italy, Macedonia,
Montenegro,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
- 519 -

COMMON NAME)
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Switzerland,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Fiji
109. [s]: - I Lavandula sp. biji (true seeds), America: Canada, USA
[a]: Septoria pisi Berk. 1853; (lavandin/Dutch lavender), daun (leaves), Europe: Croatia,
Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet polong (pods) Denmark, Finland,
Mycosphaerellales, pea), Vicia faba Ireland, Norway,
Mycosphaerellaceae; Sweden
septoria blight/blotch Oceania: New Zealand
110. [s]: - I Orchidaceae, Laelia spp. daun (leaves), America: Mexico
[a]: Septoria selenophomoides E.K. tangkai bunga
Cash & A.M.J. Watson, 1955;
Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes,
Mycosphaerellales,
Mycosphaerellaceae;
leaf spot
111. [s]: - I Allium spp., Asparagus akar (roots), Africa: Egypt,

[a]: Setophoma terrestris (H.N. Hansen) officinalis (asparagus, tanaman (whole Mauritius, Senegal,
Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley asparagus), Brassica sp., plant), umbi Sudan, Uganda,
(2010); Canola, Cucurbita maxima, (bulbs) Zambia
(Syn. Phoma terrestris H.N. Hansen Cucurbita moschata (labu, America: Argentina,
(1929), Pyrenochaeta terrestris squash), Triticum aestivum Colombia, Costa Rica,
(H.N. Hansen) Gorenz, J.C. Walker (gandum, wheat), Zea mays USA, Venezuela
- 520 -

COMMON NAME)
& Larson (1948)); (jagung, corn, maize) Asia: Bangladesh,
Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Bhutan, Brunei
Pleosporales, Phaeosphaeriaceae; Darussalam, China,
onion pink root Hong Kong, India,
Japan, Malaysia,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka
Europe: Germany,
Netherlands, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
Europe: Greece, Israel
Netherlands, Poland
112. [s]: Sphacelotheca reiliana (J.G. Kühn) I Andropogon, Sorghum akar (roots), Africa: Burkina Faso,
G.P. Clinton, 1902; bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), batang (stems Burundi, Cameroon,
(Syn. Cintractia reiliana (J.G. Sorghum halepens (rumput (above ground), Chad, DR Congo,
Kühn) Clinton, 1900, Sorosporium gelagah, Johnson grass), trunks, Egypt, Erythrea,
holci-sorgi (Rivolta) Moesz, 1950, Sorghum sudanense, Zea branches), biji Ethiopia, Ghana,
Sorosporium holci-sorghi f.sp holci- mays (jagung, corn, maize), (true seeds, Kenya, Malawi, Mali,
sorghi (Rivolta) Moesz, 1950, Zea mays subsp. mays grains), bunga Mauritania, Mauritius,
Sorosporium holci-sorghi f.sp zeae (sweet corn) (flowers, Morocco, Mozambique,
(Pass.) Savul, 1955, Sorosporium Zea mexicana (Zea mays inflorescences, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
holci-sorghi f.sp zeae (Pass.) Savul, subsp. mexicana) cones, calyx), Senegal, Somalia,
1957, Sorosporium reilianum (J.G. daun (leaves), South Africa, Sudan,
Kühn) McAlpine, 1910, media tanam Tanzania, Togo,
Sphacelotheca holci-sorgi Cif., (growing media Uganda, Zambia,
- 521 -

COMMON NAME)
1938, Sphacelotheca reiliana var. associated with Zimbabwe
reiliana (J,G. Kühn) G.P. Clinton, plants), tunas America: Argentina,
1902, Sphacelotheca reiliana var. (shoots) Barbados, Bolivia,
zeae (Pass.) Al-Sohaily, Mankin & Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Semeniuk, 1963, Sporisorium holci- Colombia, El Salvador,
sorghi (Rivolta) Vánky, 1985, Guatemala, Honduras,
Sporisorium reilianum (J.G. Kühn) Jamaica, Mexico,
Langdon & Full., 1978, Ustilago Panama, USA,
holci-sorghi Rivolta, Ustilago Uruguay
reiliana J,G Kühn, 1875, Ustilago Asia: Bhutan, China,
reiliana f.sp zeae Pass.); India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
[a]: - Japan, Kazakhstan,
Basidiomycota, Microbotryomycetes, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Microbotryales; Microbotryaceae; Nepal, Pakistan,
head smut of maize, loose smut Philippines, Republic
Taiwan, Yemen
Europe: Austria,
Bosnia and
Czech Republic,
Croatia, Cyprus,
Estonia, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy,
- 522 -

COMMON NAME)
North Macedonia,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Serbia Spain,
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand, Papua
New Guinea
113. [s]: Sporisorium cruentum (J.G.Kühn) I Saccharum officinarum biji (true seeds) Africa: Botswana,
Vánky, 1985; (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum Burundi, Cameroon,
(Syn. Sphacelotheca cruenta (J.G. arundinaceum, Sorghum Central Africa, Chad,
Kühn) Potter, 1912, Sphacelotheca bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), DR Congo, Egypt,
holci H.S. Jacks., 1934, Ustilago Sorghum caffrorum, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
cruenta J.G. Kühn. 1872); Sorghum sudanense (Sudan Gambia, Ghana,
[a]: - grass) Kenya, Malawi,
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycetes, Mauritius, Morocco,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginaceae; Mozambique, Niger,
loose kernel smut, loose smut, Nigeria, Rwanda,
sorghum loose kernel smut Senegal, Somalia,
Uganda, Zambia,
- 523 -

COMMON NAME)
Zimbabwe
America: Argentina,
Barbados, Brazil,
Costa Rica, Cuba, El
Haiti, Honduras,
Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Puerto
Rico, USA, Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan,
China, India, Iran,
Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Lebanon, Myanmar,
Pakistan, Republic of
Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Bosnia and
Republic, Germany,
Macedonia,
Montenegro, Poland,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
- 524 -

COMMON NAME)
Slovenia
114. [s]: Stromatinia cepivora (Berk.) I Allium (bawang, onions, akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
Whetzel; (=Stromatinia cepivora garlic), Allium cepa (bawang batang (stems Libya, South Africa,
(Berk.) Whetzel, 1945); Bombay, onion), Allium (above ground), Uganda, Zimbabwe
[a]: Sclerotium cepivorum Berk., 1841; cepa var. aggregatum trunks, America: Argentina,
Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, (bawang merah, shallot), branches), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Sclerotiniaceae;; Allium fistulosum (bawang umbi (bulbs), Chile, Colombia, Costa
white rot of onion and garlic, onion daun, Welsh onion), Allium tunas (shoots) Rica, Guyana, Mexico,
white root rot, bulb rot of onion, porrum (bawang prei, leek), Uruguay, USA,
Allium white rot, onion white rot Allium sativum (bawang Venezuela
putih, garlic), Allium Asia: China, India,
schoenoprasum (lokio, Iran, Japan, Republic
chives) of Korea (South Korea),
Philippines
Europe: Austria,
Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech Republic,
Czechoslovakia,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy,
Montenegro,
Poland, Portugal,
- 525 -

COMMON NAME)
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Spain,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
115. [s]: Stromatinia gladioli (Drayton) I Crocus sativus, Gladiolus akar (roots), Africa: Zimbabwe
Whetzel, 1945; spp. batang (stems), Europe: Spain, United
(Syn. Sclerotinia gladioli Drayton umbi corms) Kingdom
(1934); Oceania: Australia,
[a]: Sclerotium gladioli Massey (1928); New Zealand
Ascomycota, Leotiomycetes, Helotiales,
Sclerotiniaceae;
gladiolus dry rot, corm rot
116. [s]: - I Hyoscyamus niger, akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, South
[a]: Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Nicandra physalcides, batang (stems Africa, Tunisia
Percival (1909); Solanum dulcamara, (above ground), America: Bolivia,
(Syn. Chrysophlyctis endobioticum Solanum lycopersicum trunks, Canada, Chile,
Schilb. (1896), Synchytrium solan (tomat, tomato), Solanum branches), Ecuador, Falkland
Massee (1910); nigrum (leunca, black daun (leaves), Islands, Peru, USA,
Chytridiomycota, Chytridiomycetes, nightshade), Solanum media tanam Asia: Bhutan, China,
Chytridiales, Synchytriaceae; tuberosum (kentang, potato) (growing media India, Nepal, Turkey
black wart of potato, potato black associated with Europe: Armenia,
scab, potato wart disease, wart disease plants), umbi Austria, Belarus,
- 526 -

COMMON NAME)
of potato (bulbs, tubers, Bosnia and
corms, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
rhizomes), Croatia, Czech,
tunas (shoots) Denmark, Estonia,
Faroe Islands, Finland,
Germany, Greece,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom
117. [sm]:Thecaphora solani (Thirum & M.J. I Datura stramonium, batang (stems America: Bolivia, Chile,
O'Brien) Mordue (1988); Solanum aianhuiri, Solanum (above ground), Colombia, Ecuador,
(Syn. Angiosorus solani Thirum. curtilobum, Solanum trunks, Mexico, Panama, Peru,
& M.J. O'Brien (1974), lycopersicum (tomat, branches), Uruguay, Venezuela
Thecaphora solani Barrus (1944); tomato), Solanum phureaia, daun (leaves),
- 527 -

COMMON NAME)
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Solanum stenotomum, umbi (tubers),
Ustilaginomycetes, Urocystidales, Solanum stoloniferum, tunas (shoots)
Glomosporiaceae; Solanum nigrum (leunca,
potato smut, thecaphora smut nightshade), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Solanum tuberosum
subsp. andigenum, Solanum
x chauca
118. [sm]: Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul., 1847; I Agropyron spp. (wheat batang (stems), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Caeoma sitophilum (Ditmar) grass), Bromus spp. (brome biji (true seeds), Ethiopia, Lesotho,
Link, 1825, Fusisporium grasses), Elymus spp. bunga Libya, Morocco, South
inosculans Berk., 1847, (squirrel tail), Festuca spp. (inflorescences) Africa, Tunisia,
Lycoperdon tritici Bjerk., 1775, (fescue), Hordeum spp. (jali, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Tilletia caries var. agrostidis barley), Poa spp., Secale America: Argentina,
Auersw., 1865, Tilletia caries var. sereale (gandum hitam, Canada, Chile,
caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul., 1847, rye), Lolium spp., Triticum Colombia, Ecuador,
Tilletia sitophila (Ditmar) J. spp. (gandum, wheat) Guatemala, Mexico,
Schröt., 1877, Tilletia tritici Nicaragua, Peru, USA,
(Bjerk.) G. Winter, 1874, Tilletia Uruguay, Venezuela
tritici f. tritici (Bjerk.) G. Winter, Asia: Afghanistan,
1874, Tilletia tritici var. tritici Armenia, Azerbaijan,
(Bjerk.) G. Winter, 1874, Tilletia Bhutan, China, India,
tritici subsp. tritici (Bjerk.) G. Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Winter, 1874, Uredo caries DC., Japan, Jordan,
1815; Uredo sitophila Ditmar, Kazakhstan,
- 528 -

COMMON NAME)
1813); Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Mongolia, Pakistan,
Exobasidiomycetes, Tilletiales, Republic of Korea
Tilletiaceae; (South Korea), Saudi
complete bunt, covered smut, hill Arabia, Syria, Taiwan,
bunt, rough-spored wheat bunt, Turkey, Uzbekistan
stinking smut, wheat bunt, common Europe: Austria,
bunt Belgium, Bosnia and
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
- 529 -

COMMON NAME)
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
119. [sm]: Tilletia controversa J. G. Kühn, I Agropyron (wheatgrass), batang (stems), Africa: Algeria, Libya,
1874; Elymus (wildrye), Hordeum biji (true seeds, Tunisia
(Syn. Tilletia aegilopsidis Golovin, vulgare (barli, barley), grains), bunga America: Canada, USA
1952, Tilletia brevifaciens G. W. Poaceae (grasses), Secale (flowers, Asia: Afghanistan,
Fisch., 1952, Tilletia controversa cereal (rye), Triticum, inflorescences, Georgia, Iran, Iraq,
var. controversa J. G. Kühn, Triticum aestivum (gandum, cones, calyx) Japan, Kazakhstan,
1874, Tilletia nanifica F. Wagner wheat) Kyrgystan, Syria,
ex Săvul., 1956, Tilletia tritici var. Tajikistan, Turkey,
controversa (J. G. Kühn) Turkmenistan,
Kawchuk, 1988, Tilletia tritici Uzbekistan
subsp. nanifica F. Wagner, 1950, Europe: Albania,
Tilletia tritici-nanifica F. Wagner, Armenia, Austria,
1950); Bulgaria, Croatia,
Basidiomycota, Exobasidiomycetes, Czech Republic,
Tilletiales, Tilletiaceae; Denmark, Greece,
dwarf bunt of wheat Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Luxemburg, Moldova,
Montenegro, Poland,
Romania, Russian
Slovenia, Sweden,
120. [sm]: Tilletia indica Mitra, 1931; I Triticum aestivum (gandum, biji (true seeds), Africa: South Africa
- 530 -

COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Neovossia indica (Mitra) wheat) polong (pods) America: Mexico, USA
Mundk., 1941); Asia: Afghanistan,
Basidiomycota, Exobasidiomycetes, India, Iran, Iraq, Nepal,
Tilletiales, Tilletiaceae; Pakistan
karnal bunt of wheat, Indian bunt of
wheat, partial bunt of wheat, new bunt
121. [sm]: Tilletia laevis J.G. Kühn, 1873; I Secale cereal (rye, rye), batang (stems), Africa: Algeria, Angola,
(Syn. Erysibe foetida Wallr., 1833, Triticum aestivum (gandum, biji (true seeds), Egypt, Ethiopia,
Tilletia foetems (Berk. & M.A wheat) bunga (flowers, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya,
Curtis) Trel., 1884, Tilletia foetida inflorescences, Morocco, Somalia,
(Wallr.) Liro, 1920,Tilletia tritici cones, calyx), South Africa, Tunisia,
var. laevis (J.G. Kühn) Kawchuk, polong (pods) Zimbabwe
1988, Ustilago foetens Berk. & America: Argentina,
M.A Curtis, 1874); Canada, Chile,
Basidiomycota, Exobasidiomycetes, Colombia, Mexico,
Tilletiales, Tilletiaceae; Peru, USA, Uruguay,
common bunt, complete bunt, covered Venezuela
smut, hill bunt, smooth-spored wheat Asia: Afghanistan,
bunt, stinking bunt, stinking wheat Armenia, Azerbaijan,
smut China, DPR Korea
(North Korea), India,
Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan,
Lebanon, Mongolia,
Nepal, Pakistan,
- 531 -

COMMON NAME)
Republic of Korea
Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech, Denmark,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Lithuania, Macedonia,
Malta, Montenegro,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Switzerland,
Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
122. [c]: Trachysphaera fructigena Tabor & I Citrus, Coffea spp. (kopi, buah (fruits), Africa: Cameroon,
- 532 -

COMMON NAME)
Bunting (1923); coffee), Coffea liberica (kopi, bunga (flowers, Central Africa, Chad,
Chromista, Oomycota, Peronosporea, Liberian coffee tree) Musa inflorescences, Congo, DR Congo,
Peronosporales, Pythiaceae; spp. (pisang, banana), cones, calyx), Equatorial Guinea,
cigar end rot of banana, berry rot of Malus, Persea americana polong (pods) Gabon, Ghana,
coffee, fungus rot of banana, mealy (avokad, avocado), Prunus, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
pod of cacao, fruit rot of coffee, pod rot Pyrus, Theobroma cacao Madagascar, Nigeria,
of cacao (kakao, cocoa) Sierra Leone
123. [s]: Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) A.A. I Agropyron spp. (wheat batang (stems Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Fisch. Waldh., 1867; grass), Elymus repens (above ground), Libya, Morocco, South
(Syn. Polycystis agropyri (Preuss) J. (couch grass), Agropyron trunks, Africa, Tunisia
Schröt., 1877, Tuburcinia agropyri smithii (western wheat branches), biji America: Argentina,
(Preuss) Liro, 1922, Tuburcinia grass), Agrostis stolonifera (true seeds, Bolivia, Canada, Chile,
occulta var. agropyri (Preuss) Cif., var. palustris (rumput grains), bibit Falkland Islands,
1963, Uredo agropyri Preuss, peking), Agrostis capillaries (seedlings), Greenland, Guatemala,
1848); (common bent), Alopecurus, bunga Mexico, USA, Uruguay,
[a]: - Avena sativa (oat, oats ), (inflorescences), Venezuela
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycetes, Bromus carinatus daun (leaves), Asia: Afghanistan,
Uroscystidales, Urocystidaceae; (California brome), Bromus malai, tangkai, China, India, Iran,
flag smut, flag smut of wheat, stem marginatus (mountain media tanam Iraq, Israel, Japan,
smut, stripe smut brome), Carex spp. (swamp (growing media Kazakhstan, Mongolia,
grass), Dactylis glomerata associated with Nepal, Pakistan,
(orchard grass), Elymus sp., plants ), umbi Republic of Korea
Festuca rubra (red fescue), (bulbs, tubers, (South Korea), Syria,
Lolium sp., Phleum pretense corms, Taiwan, Turkey,
(Timothy grass), Poa spp., rhizomes), Uzbekistan
- 533 -

COMMON NAME)
Trisetum sp., Triticum tanaman hasil Europe: Bulgaria,
aestivum (gandum, wheat) mikropropagasi Cyprus, Czech
(micropropagate Republic, Czech
d plants), tunas Republic, Denmark,
(shoots) Estonia, Finland,
France, Greece,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
124. [sm]: Urocystis cepulae Frost, 1877; I Allium spp., Anthirinum sp. batang (stems), Africa: Egypt, Gabon,
(Syn. Tuburcinia cepulae (Frost) (bunga naga, snap dragon) umbi (bulbs) Morocco
Liro, 1922, Tuburcinia magica America: Canada,
(Pass.) Liro, 1922, Urocystis Chile, Cuba, Mexico,
colchici var. capulae Cooke, 1877, Peru, Puerto Rico,
Urocystis magica Pass., 1875); Saint Lucia, USA
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycetes, Asia: China, DPR
Urocystidales, Urocystidaceae; Korea (North Korea),
- 534 -

COMMON NAME)
leek smut, onion smut India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan,
Nepal, Pakistan,
Philippines, Republic
Tajikistan, Taiwan,
Thailand
Europe: Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finlandia,
France, Germany,
Greece, Italy, Malta,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
- 535 -

COMMON NAME)
125. [sm]: Urocystis gladiolicola Ainsw., I Crocus sp., Gladiolus spp., daun (leaves), Africa: Kenya
1950; Scirpus pumilus umbi (corms) America: USA
(Syn.Tuburcinia gladiolicola Asia: Iran
(Ainsw.) Cif., 1963); Europe: United
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycetes, Kingdom
Urocystidales, Urocystidaceae;
Smut
126. [sm]: Ustilago nuda (C. N. Jensen) I Secale sereale (barli, biji (true seeds), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
Kellerm. & Swingle, 1890); barley), Triticum aestivum bunga Kenya, Libya, Malawi,
(Syn. Ustilago nuda var. hordei C. (gandum, wheat) (inflorescences), Mauritius, Nigeria,
N. Jensen, 1888, Ustilago nuda daun (leaves), Sudan, Tanzania,
var. nuda (C. N. Jensen) Kellerm. tangkai malai Uganda, Zambia,
& Swingle, 1890, Ustilago nuda Zimbabwe
var. tritici G.W. Fisch. & C.G. America: Bolivia,
Shaw, Ustilago segetum var. nuda Canada, USA
C. N. Jensen, 1888, Ustilago tritici Asia: China, India,
C. Bauhin, 1596, Ustilago Iran, Iraq, Pakistan
vavilovii Jacz., 1925); Europe: Austria,
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycetes, Cyprus, Denmark,
Ustilaginales, Ustilaginaceae; Finland, Ireland, Italy,
barley loose smut Latvia, Malta, Poland,
Romania, Russian
Federation,
United Kingdom
- 536 -

COMMON NAME)
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
127. [s]: Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) I Crataegus laevigata, batang (stems Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
G.Winter, 1875; Cotoneaster, Malus baccata (above ground), Ghana, Kenya, Libya,
(Syn. Didymosphaeria inaequalis (siberian crab apple), Malus trunks, Morocco, South Africa,
(Cooke) Niessl, 1881, Endostigme domestica (apel, apple), branches), Zimbabwe
cinerascens (Rabenh.) Jǿrst. Malus floribunda, Malus, buah (fruits), America: Argentina,
Endostigme inaequalis (Cooke) Pyracantha, Pyrus bunga (flowers, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Syd., 1923, Mycosphaerella communis (pir, pear), inflorescences, Chile, Colombia,
cinerascens (Rabenh.) Vestegr., Sorbus, Viburnum cones, calyx), Guatemala, Mexico,
1897, Sphaerella cinerascens daun (leaves), Peru, USA, Uruguay
Rabenh., 1865, Sphaerella polong (pods), Asia: Afghanistan,
inaequalis Cooke, 1866, Venturia tunas (shoots) Bhutan, China, DPR
inaequalis var. cinerascens Korea (North Korea),
(Rabenh.) Aderh., 1897, Venturia India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
inaequalis var. inaequalis (Cooke) Japan, Jordan,
G. Winter, 1875); Lebanon, Pakistan,
[a]: Cladosporium dendriticum Wallr., Republic of Korea
1833; (South Korea), Saudi
(Syn. Cladosporium dendriticum Arabia, Syria, Turkey
var. dendriticum Wallr., 1833, Europe: Austria,
Cladosporium dendriticum var. Belgium, Bosnia and
heteromeles Harkn., 1881, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Fusicladium amelanchieris (Sacc.) Croatia, Cyprus,
Oliviera, Fusicladium dendriticum Czech, Denmark,
- 537 -

COMMON NAME)
(Wallr.) Fuckel, 1870, Fusicladium Finland, France,
dendriticum f. dendriticum (Wallr.) Germany, Greece,
Fuckel, 1870, Fusicladium Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
dendriticum var. dendriticum Macedonia, Malta,
(Wallr.) Fuckel, 1870, Fusicladium Montenegro,
dendriticum var. eriobotryae Scalia, Netherlands, Norway,
1901, Fusicladium dendriticum var. Poland, Portugal,
eriobotyrae Scalia, 1901, Romania, Russian
Fusicladium dendriticum f. fruticola Federation, Serbia,
Ferraris, 1910, Fusicladium Slovakia, Slovenia,
dendriticum f. microsperma Roum., Sweden, Switzerland,
1891, Fusicladium dendriticum var. United Kingdom
opuli Thüm., 1874, Fusicladium Oceania: Australia,
dendriticum var. soraueri (Thüm.) New Zealand
Sacc., 1886, Fusicladium
dendriticum var. sorbi-torminalis
Săvul. & Sandu, 1933, Fusicladium
dendriticum var. sorbinum Sacc.,
1905, Fusicladium pomi (Fr.) Lind,
1913, Fusicladium pyrorum var.
amelanchieris Sacc., 1886,
Napicladium soraueri Thüm., 1875,
Passalora dendritica (Wallr.) Sacc.,
1878, Passalora dendritica var.
dendritica (Wallr.) Sacc., 1878,
- 538 -

COMMON NAME)
Spilocaea pomi Fr., 1819,
Spilosticta cinerascens (Rabenh.)
Petr., 1947, Spilosticta inaequalis
(Cooke) Petr., 1940);
Ascomycota; Dothideomycetes,
Venturiales; Venturiaceae;
apple scab, apple black spot, apple
scab, black spot
9. BAKTERI (BACTERIA)

COMMON NAME)
1. Acetobacter aceti (Pasteur, 1864) I Ananas comosus (nanas, buah (fruits) America: USA
Beijerinck 1898; pineapple), Carica papaya Asia: Philippines
(Syn. Bacterium aceti Beij, Mycoderma (pepaya, papaya), Malus Oceania: Australia
aceti Pasteur); domestica (apel, apple),
pink disease of pineapple Musa sp. (pisang, banana),
Pyrus communis (pir,pear)
2. Burkholderia andropogonis (Smith I Bougainvillea spp. (bogenvil, bibit (seedlings), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
- 539 -

COMMON NAME)
1911) Gillis et al. 1995; bougenville), Ceratonia bunga Kenya, Nigeria,
(Syn. Aplanobacter stizolobii Wolf siliqua (locust bean), Cicer (inflorescences) Rwanda, South Africa,
1920, Bacterium andropogonis Smith arietinum (kacang arab, jaringan Sudan, Togo, Uganda,
1911, Bacterium stizolobii (Wolf) chickpea), Dianthus spp. meristem Zambia, Zimbabwe
McCulloch 1920, Bacterium Woodsii (anyelir, carnation), Dypsis (meristem America: Argentina,
Smith 1911, Phytobacterium lutescens (golden cane tissues), Brazil, Canada, Costa
andropogonis (Smith) Magrou and palm), Gypsophila tanaman hasil Rica, Cuba, El
Prevot 1948, Phytobacterium Stizolobii paniculata (baby’s breath), mikropropagasi Salvador, Haiti,
(Wolf) Magrou and Prevot 1948, Limonium sinuatum (sea (micropropagate Honduras, Mexico,
Phytobacterium woodsii Smith) Magrou pink), Ruscus, Sorghum d plants), tunas USA, Uruguay,
and Prevot 1948, Phytomonas bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), (buds, shoots) Venezuela
andropogonis (Smith) Bergey et al. Simmondsia chinensis Asia: Brunei
1930, Phytomonas stizolobii (Wolf) (jojoba), Triticum aestivum Darussalam, China,
Bergey et al. 1930, Phytomonas (gandum, wheat), Trifolium Hong Kong, Iraq,
Woodsii (Smith) Bergey et al. 1930, repens (semanggi, white Japan, Pakistan,
Pseudomonas andropogonis (Smith clover), Vicia sativa Philippines, Taiwan,
1911) Stapp 1928, Pseudomonas (common vetch), Trifolium Thailand,
andropogonis pv. stizolobii (Wolf) pratense (purple clover), Europe: Bulgaria,
Palleroni 1984, Pseudomonas stizolobii Trifolium subterraneum, Hungary, Italy, Poland,
(Wolf) Stapp 1935, Pseudomonas Tulipa (tulip), Vaccinium Portugal, Russian
Woodsii (Smith 1911) Stevens 1925); (blueberries), Zea mays Federation,
bacterial leaf stripe, striping (jagung, corn, maize) Oceania: Australia,
Federated States of
Micronesia, New
Zealand
- 540 -

COMMON NAME)
3. Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola I Edible Mushroom (jamur part of Asia: Japan
tiram) mushroom Europe: United
Kingdom
4. Burkholderia gladioli pv. alliicola I Allium ascalonicum (bawang akar (roots), America: Brazil, USA
(Burkholder 1942) Comb. nov; merah, shallot) Allium cepa bunga Asia: Israel, Republic
(Syn. Phytomonas alliicola Burkholder (bawang bombay, onion), (inflorescences), of Korea (South Korea)
1942, Pseudomonas alliicola Daucus carota (wortel, daun (leaves), Europe: Slovenia,
(Burkholder) Starr and Burkholder carrot), Iris sp. (irises), media tanam United Kingdom
1942, Pseudomonas gladioli pv. Narcissus tazetta (growing Oceania: Australia,
alliicola (Burkholder 1942) Young et (Polyanthus narcissus) dan media), sisa New Zealand
al., 1978); Tulipa sp. (tulip) tanaman (plant
slippery skin of onion debris), tanah
(soils), umbi
(bulbs, corms,
tubers)
5. Burkholderia gladioli pv. gladioli I Asplenium nidus (bird's nest akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Severini) Yabuuchi et al. 1993; fern), Crocus sativus batang (stems), South Africa,
(Syn. Bacterium gladioli (Severini) (saffron), Eustoma buah (fruits), Zimbabwe
Elliott 1930, Bacterium marginatum grandiflorum (Lisianthus bulir padi (rice America: Argentina,
McCulloch 1921, Chlorobacter (cut flower crop), Gladiolus seeds), bunga Brazil, Canada, Chile,
marginatus (McCulloch) Patel and spp., Iris sp. (irises), Iris (inflorescences) USA
Kulkarni 1951, Phytomonas gladioli germanisa (German iris), daun (leaves), Asia: China, India,
(Severini) Magrou 1937, Phytomonas Ixia maculata, Orchidaceae, media tanam Israel, Japan, Thailand
marginata (McCulloch) Bergey et al. Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, (growing Europe: Austria,
- 541 -

COMMON NAME)
1923, Pseudomonas gladioli Severini rice), Poa annua (annual media), umbi Belarus, Belgium,
1913, Pseudomonas marginata meadowgrass), Solanum (bulbs, corms, Czech Republic,
(McCulloch) Stapp 1928); tuberosum (kentang, tubers) Finland, France,
bacterial scab of Gladiolus spp., blight potato), Trigidia pavonia Germany, Italy,
of Gladiolus spp.; gladiolus scab; leaf (Common tiger-flower) Netherlands, Romania,
spot of Gladiolus spp.; neck rot of Russian Federation
Gladiolus spp.; rot of stem bases Oceania: Australia,
(Gladiolus), busuk umbi New Caledonia
6. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. I Echinochloa crus-galli akar (roots), biji America: Canada, USA
nebraskensis (Vidaver and Mandel (barnyard grass), (true seed),
1974) Davis et al. 1984; Saccharum officinarum batang (stems),
(Syn. Corynebacterium michiganense (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum bunga
pv. nebraskense (Vivader and Mandel bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), (inflorescences),
1974) Davis et al. 1984, Sorghum sudanense (Sudan buah (fruits),
Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. grass), Triticum aestivum bibit (seedlings),
nebraskense Vivader and Mandel (gandum, wheat), Zea mays daun (leaves),
1974) Carlson and Vivader 1982, (jagung, corn, maize), Zea tanaman hasil
Corynebacterium nebraskense Vivader mexicana (teosinte) mikropropagasi
and Mandel 1974); (micropropagate
goss’s bacterial wilt and leaf blight, d plants)
leaf freckles and wilt
7. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. I Lycopersicon akar (roots), America: Canada,
sepedonicus (Spieckermann and pimpinellifolium (currant batang (stems), Costa Rica, Haiti,
Kotthoff) Davis et al.; tomato), Solanum tuberosum biji (true seed), Mexico, Panama, Peru,
(Syn. Aplanobacter sepedonicus (kentang, potato), Solanum bunga, USA, Venezuela
- 542 -

COMMON NAME)
(Spieckermann and Kottoff) Smith lycopersicum (tomat, (inflorescence), Asia: China, DPR
1920, Bacterium sepedonicum tomato), Solanum buah (fruits), Korea (North Korea),
Spieckermann and Kotthof 1914, melongena (terung, bibit (seedlings), Japan, Kazakhstan,
Corynebacterium michiganense pv. eggplant, aubergine) daun (leaves), Nepal, Pakistan,
sepedonicum (Spieckermann and media tanam Republic of Korea
Kottoff) Dye and Kemp 1977, (growing (South Korea) Taiwan,
Corynebacterium michiganense subsp. media), Turkey, Uzbekistan,
sepedonicum (Spieckermann tanaman hasil Vietnam
andKottoff 1914) Carlson and Vivader mikropropagasi Europe: Austria,
1982, Corynebacterium sepedonicum (micropropagate Belarus, Belgium,
(Spieckermann and Kottoff 1914) d plants), tanah Bulgaria, Croatia,
Skaptason and Burk. 1942, (soils), umbi Cyprus, Czech
Mycobacterium sepedonicum (bulb, corm, Republic, Denmark,
(Spieckermann and Kottoff) tuber) Estonia, Finland,
Krasil’nikov 1949, Phytomonas France, Germany,
sepedonica (Spieckermann and Kottoff) Greece, Hungaria,
Magrou 1937, Pseudobacterium Irlandia, Italy, Latvia,
sepedonicum (Spieckermann and Lithuania,
Kottoff) Krasil’nikov 1949); Netherlands, Norway,
bacterial ring rot, potato ring rot Poland, Russian
Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, Sweden,
Ukraine, Romania,
United Kingdom
- 543 -

COMMON NAME)
8. Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. I Glycine max (kedelai, benih (seeds), Africa: Mauritius,
flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) Collins soyabean), Ipomoea biji (true seed), Tunisia
and Jones 1983; (morning glory), Lablab buah (fruits), America: Brazil,
(Syn. Bacterium flaccumfaciens Hedges purpureus (hyacinth bean), batang (stems), Canada, Colombia,
1922, Corynebacterium flaccumfaciens Phaseolus coccineus (runner bibit (seedlings), Mexico, USA,
pv. flaccumfaciens (Hedges 1922) bean), Phaseolus lunatus planlet Venezuela
Dowson 1942, Corynebacterium (lima bean), Phaseolus tanaman hasil Asia: Iran
flaccumfaciens ssp. flaccumfaciens vulgaris (buncis, common mikropropagasi Europe: Albania,
(Hedges 1922) Dowson 1942, bean), Vigna radiata (micropropagate Bosnia and
Phytomonas flaccumfaciens (Hedges (kacang hijau, mungbean), d plants), Herzegovina, Croatia,
1922) Bergey et al. 1923, Vigna spp. (kacang panjang, France, Germany,
Pseudomonas flaccumfaciens (Hedges cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, Montenegro, North
1922) Stevens 1925); corn, maize), Zornia.spp. Macedonia, Portugal,
bacterial wilt of bean, vascular wilt of Romania, Russian
bean, bacterial tan spot Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Switzerland,
Oceania: Australia
9. Dickeya chrysanthemi (Burkholder et I Aechmea fasciata, batang (stems), Africa: Algeria,
al., 1953) Samson 2005; Anemone, Aglaonema biji (seeds), Comoros, Congo,
(Syn. Dickeya chrysanthemi bv. commutatum, Ananas daun (leaves), Egypt, Ivory Coast,
chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) comosus (nanas, pineapple), media tanam Kenya, Mauritius,
Samson et al. 2005, Dickeya Apium graveolens (seledri, (growing Morocco, Reunion,
chrysanthemi bv. parthenii (Starr 1947) celery), Araceae, Aglaonema, media), tanah Senegal, South Africa,
comb. Nov, Dickeya chrysanthemi pv. Aloe vera (lidah buaya), (soils), umbi Sudan, Zimbabwe
chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) Allium spp. (bawang- (bulbs, corms, America: Aruba,
- 544 -

COMMON NAME)
Samson et al. 2005, Dickeya bawangan), Begonia, tubers) Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
chrysanthemi pv. parthenii (Starr 1947) Brachiaria, Brassica Colombia, Costa Rica,
Samson et al. 2005, Erwinia carotovora oleraceae var. botrytis (kol Cuba, Ecuador, French
var. Parthenii Starr, Erwinia carotovora bunga, cauliflower), Guiana, Guadeloupe,
var. chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. Brachiaria mutica, Brassica Guatemala, Guyana,
1953) Dye 1969, Erwinia chrysanthemi oleracea var. capitata Haiti, Honduras,
pv. parthenii (Starr 1947) Dye 1978, (kubis, cabbage), Capsicum Jamaica, Martinique,
Pectobacterium carotovorum f. sp annuum (paprika, cabai, Panama, Peru, Puerto
chrysanthemi (Burkholder et al. 1953) bell-pepper), Celosia Rico, Saint Lucia, USA,
Dowson 1957, Pectobacterium argentea, Cichorium endivia Venezuela
chrysanthemi pv. Chrisanthemi (andewi, endevi), Cichorium Asia: Bangladesh,
Burkholder et al. 1953) Brenner et al. intybus, Canna, Consolida China, DPR Korea
1973 emend. Hauben et al. 1999, ambigua, Cucumis melo (North Korea), India,
Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. (melon, muskmelon), Iran, Israel, Japan,
Parthenii (Starr 1947) Young et al. Colocasia esculenta (talas, Malaysia, Nepal,
2004, Pectobacterium parthenii taro), Cynara scolimus Philippines, Republic
Hellmers 1958, P. parthenii var. (artichoke), Cyclamen, of Korea (South Korea),
chrysanthemi (Burkhoder et al. 1953) Chrysanthemum spp., Saudi Arabia, Sri
Hellmers 1958, Pectobacterium Dieffenbachia, Dianthus, Lanka, Syria, Taiwan
parthenii-dianthicola Hellmers); Dracaena marginata, Dahlia Europe: Austria,
bacterial wilt and soft rot of pinnata, Daucus carota Belarus, Belgium,
chrysanthemum and other (wortel, carrot), Bosnia and
ornamentals, bacterial soft rot, soft rot Dieffenbachia maculata, Herzegovina, Croatia,
Erwinia, blackleg and soft rot of potato Dianthus spp. (anyelir, Denmark, Finland,
carnation), Elettaria France, Germany,
- 545 -

COMMON NAME)
cardamomum (kapulaga, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
cardamom), Euphorbia Montenegro, North
pulcherrima (kastuba, Macedonia, Poland,
poinsettia), Helianthus Portugal, Romania,
annuus (bunga matahari, Russian Federation,
sunflower), Hyacinthus, Serbia, Slovenia,
Imperata cylindrica (alang- Spain, Sweden,
alang, bedding grass), Switzerland, United
Ipomoea batatas (ubi Kingdom (England,
rambat, sweet potato), Scotland), Ukraine
Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Oceania: Australia,
(cocor bebek, florist Cook Islands, New
kalanchoe), Lactuca sativa Zealand, Papua New
(selada, lettuce) Medicago Guinea, Solomon
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Islands
Musa paradisiaca (pisang
kepok, plantain), Musa
textilis (pisang abaka,
abaca), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Oryza
sativa (padi, paddy, rice),
Paspalum, Parthenium
argentatum, Panicum
maximum (rumput
benggala, Guinea grass),
- 546 -

COMMON NAME)
Pennisetum purpureum
(rumput gajah, elephant
grass), Philodendron spp.,
Pelargonium zonale hybrids,
Petunia hybrida,
Philodendron, Phalaenopsis
sp. (anggrek bulan, moth
orchid), Pyrus communis
(pir, pear), Raphanus
(tebu, sugarcane), Sedum
spectabile, Saintpaulia
ionantha, Solanum
melongena (terung,
eggplant, aubergine)
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Solanum
tomato), Sorghum bicolor
(sorgum, sorghum),
sweet potato), Syngonium
podophyllum, Tagetes
patula (French marigold),
- 547 -

COMMON NAME)
Tulip spp. (tulip), Vanda,
Xanthosoma caracu (yautia
horqueta),
10. Dickeya dadantii Samson et al. 2005; I Amorphophallus konjac batang (stems), America: Honduras,
(Syn. Dickeya dadantii subsp. dadantii (konjac), Ananas comosus daun (leaves), Puerto Rico, USA
(Samson et al. 2005) Brady et al. 2011, (nanas, pineapple), media tanam Asia: China, Taiwan
Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae Diefenbachia sp. (growing Europe: Belgium,
(Samson et al. 2005) Brady et al. 2011, (dumbcanes), Dianthus spp. media), tanah France, Germany,
Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. (anyelir, carnation), (soils), umbi Italy, United Kingdom
dieffenbachiae (McFadden 1961) Dye Euphorbia sp., Ipomoea (bulbs, corms,
1978, Erwinia dieffenbachiae batatas (ubi jalar, sweet tubers)
McFadden 1961), Pectobacterium potato), Musa sp. (pisang,
chrysanthemi pv. dieffenbachiae banana), Pelargonium sp.,
(McFadden 1961) Young et al. 2004); Petunia hybrid,
bacterial wilt and soft rot of Phalaenopsis sp. (anggrek
ornamentals and potato bulan, moth orchid)
Philodendron sp., Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Saintpaulia sp.,
Tagetes patula (French
marigold), Zea mays
(jagung, corn, maize),
11. Dickeya dianthicola Samson et al. I Begonia sp., akar (roots), America: USA
2005; Chrysanthemum sp. (krisan, batang (stems), Asia: Japan, Pakistan
(Syn. Erwinia carotovora f.sp. chrysanthemum), Cichorium daun (leaves), Europe: Belgium,
- 548 -

COMMON NAME)
dianthicola (Hellmers) Bakker 1957, sp. (Chicory), Cynara sp. media tanam Bulgaria, Denmark,
Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. dianthi (Artichoke), Daucus carota (growing Finland, France,
(Alivizatos 1979, Erwinia chrysanthemi (wortel, carrot), Dahlia sp. media), tanah Germany, Greece,
pv. dianthicola (Hellmers) Bakker and (dahlia), Dianthus spp. (soils), umbi Italy, Jersey,
Scholten 1961, Pectobacterium (anyelir, carnation), Freesia (bulbs, corms, Netherlands, Poland,
carotovorum var. dianthicola Hellmers sp., Hyacinthus sp., Iris sp., tubers) Romania, Sweden,
1958, Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. Kalanchoe sp. (cocor bebek), Switzerland, United
dianthicola (Hellmers 1958) Young et Sedum spectabile (showy Kingdom
al. 2004, Pectobacterium parthenii var. stonecrops), Smallanthus Oceania: Australia,
dianthicola Hellmers 1958); sonchifolius (yacon), New Zealand
slow wilt of dianthus and potato, soft Solanum tuberosum
rot (kentang, potato), Solanum
tomato), Zantedeschia sp.
(calla-lilies)
12. Dickeya dieffenbachiae (Samson et al. I Dieffenbachia spp., Musa batang (stems), America: Honduras,
2005); spp. (pisang, banana), daun (leaves), Puerto Rico, USA
soft rot, bacterial leaf rot of Phalaenopsis spp. (anggrek media tanam Asia: China
dieffenbachia bulan, moth orchid), (growing Europe: Belgium,
Solanum lycopersicum media), tanah France, Germany,
(tomat, tomato) (soils), umbi Italy, United Kingdom
(bulbs, corms,
tubers)
13. Dickeya paradisiaca (Fernandez- I Ananas comosus (nanas, bahan America: Cuba,
- 549 -

COMMON NAME)
Borrero and Lopez-Duque 1970) pineapple), Begonia sp., perbanyakan Guatemala, Honduras,
Samson et al. 2005; Canna sp., Capsicum vegetatif Jamaica, Panama,
(Syn. Brenneria paradisiaca annuum (paprika, bell (vegetative Colombia, Venezuela
(Fernandez-Borrero and Lopez-Duque pepper), Euphorbia propagation Asia: India
1970) Hauben et al. 1999, Erwinia pulcherrima (poinsettia), material), Oceania: Papua New
carotovora var. paradisiaca Victoria Musa sp. (pisang, banana), batang (stems), Guinea
and Barrios 1969), Erwinia Pennisetum purpureum daun (leaves),
chrysanthemi pv. paradisiaca (Victoria (rumput gajah, elephant media tanam
and Barros 1969) Dickey and Victoria grass), Solanum tuberosum (growing
1980, Erwinia musae Warren 1972, (kentang, potato), Urochloa media), tanah
Erwinia paradisiaca Fernandez- mutia (para grass), Zea (soils)
Borrero and Lopez-Duque 1970); mays (jagung, corn, maize).
soft rot, wilt, rhizome rot, fruit soft rot
of banana
14. Dickeya solani van der Wolf et al., I Cyperus rotundus (rumput batang (stems), America : Brazil
2014; teki, purple nutsedge), daun (leaves), Asia : Israel, Turkey
black leg, slow wilt, soft rot,black leg Hyancinthus orientalis media tanam Europe: Belgium,
disease of potato (hyacinth), Solanum (growing Czech Republic,
tuberosum (kentang, potato) media), tanah Denmark, Finland,
(soils), umbi France, Georgia
(bulbs, corms, Republic of, Germany,
tubers) Greece, Crete, Poland,
Russian Federation,
Spain, Slovenia,
- 550 -

COMMON NAME)
United Kingdom
15. Erwinia amylovora (Burrill 1882) I Amelanchier spp., Cydonia batang (stems), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
Winslow et al. 1920; oblonga (quince), Fragaria bibit (seedlings), Morocco, Tunisia
(Syn. Bacillus amylovorus (Burrill) vesca (stroberi, strawberry), buah (fruits), America: Bermuda,
Trevisan, 1889, Bacterium amylovorum Malus domesticum (apel, bunga Canada, Guatemala,
(Chester 1901), Erwinia amylovora apple), Prunus dulcis (inflorescences), Mexico, USA
f.sp. rubi Starr et al. 1951, Micrococcus (badam, almond), Prunus daun (leaves), Asia: India, Iran,
amylovorus Burrill 1882); americana (aprikot, apricot), kayu (woods), Israel, Jordan,
fire blight Prunus cerrasus (ceri, tanaman hasil Kazakhstan,
cherry), Pyrus communis mikropropagasi Kyrgystan, Lebanon,
(pir, pear), Prunus persica (micropropagate Republic of Korea
(persik, peach), Rosaceae, d plants/ (South Korea), Saudi
Rubus spp., Sorbus spp. planlet), tunas Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
(buds, shoots) Vietnam
Europe: Armenia
Albania, Austria,
Azerbajian, Belarus,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, France,
Germany, Greece,
- 551 -

COMMON NAME)
Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxemburg, Moldova,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom
16. Erwinia rhapontici (Millard 1924) I Actinidia chinensis (Chinese akar (roots), America: Canada,
Burkhoder 1948; kiwi fruit), Allium cepa batang (stems), Mexico, USA
(Syn. Aplanobacter rhapontici (Millard) (bawang bombay, onion), bibit (seedlings), Asia: China, Iran,
Elliott 1930, Bacillus rhaponthici Allium sativum (bawang biji (true seed), Israel, Japan, Korea,
(Millard) White 1936, Bacterium putih, garlic), Amaranthus buah (fruits), Malaysia
rhaponthici Millard 1924, Erwinia hybridus (bayam kakap, media tanam Europe: Belgium,
carotovora var. rhapontici (Millard) Dye, smooth pigweed), Armoracia (growing Czech Republic,
Pectobacterium rhapontici (Millard rusticana (lobak pedas, media), planlet, France, Italy,
1924) Patel and Kulkarni 1951, horseradish), Beta vulgaris rimpang Lithuania,
Phytomonas rhapontici Millard 1924, var. saccharifera (bit gula, (rhizome), umbi Netherlands, Norway,
Pseudobacterium rhapontici (Millard) sugar beet), Cichorium lapis (corms) Poland, Slovakia,
Krasil’nikov 1949, Xanthomonas (chicory), Cyclamen Ukraine, United
- 552 -

COMMON NAME)
rhapontici (Millard) Savulescu 1947); persicum (cyclamens), Kingdom (England,
rhubarb crown rot; wheat pink seed; Dianthus (anyelir, Wales)
cereal pink grain carnation), Hippeastrum, Oceania: Australia
Hyacinthus orientalis
(hyacinth), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Morus
(mulberry tree), Morus alba
(white mulberry), Pisum
Pyrus (pir, pear), Rheum
hybridum (rhubarb),
(tomat, tomato), Triticum
(wheat), Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat)
17. Erwinia tracheiphila Smith 1895; I Cucumis sativus akar (roots), Africa: DR Congo,
(Syn. Bacillus tracheiphilus Smith (mentimun, cucumber), batang (stems), South Africa
1895, Bacillus tracheiphilus f.sp. Cucumis melo (melon, bibit (seedlings), America: Canada,
cucumis, Bacterium tracheiphilum muskmelon), Cucurbita bunga Honduras, Peru, USA
(Smith) Chester 1897, Erwinia maxima (waluh, labu (inflorescence), Asia: China, DPR
amylovora var. tracheiphila (Smith) parang, pumpkin), Citrullus daun (leaves), (North Korea), Iran,
Dye 1968); vulgaris (semangka, tanaman hasil Iraq, Japan, Republic
Cucurbit bacterial wilt watermelon), Cucurbita mikropropagasi of Korea (South Korea),
moschata (pumkin), (micropropagate Taiwan, Thailand
- 553 -

COMMON NAME)
Cucurbita pepo (labu d plants) Europe: Czech
kuning, zukini, zuchini), Vektor: Republic, Lithuania,
Cucurbitaceae Acalymma Russian Federation,
vittata Slovakia
(Coleoptera, Oceania: Australia
Chrysomelidae)
18. Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans I Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, Batang (stems), Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Christopher and Edgerton 1930) rice), Saccharum officinarum daun (leaves) Burundi, Central
Baldani et al. 1996; (tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum Africa, Ivory Coast,
(Syn. Bacterium rubrisubalbicans bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Madagascar, Malawi,
(Christoper and Edgerton 1930) Sorghum halepense Mauritius, Nigeria,
Burgvits 1935, Phytomonas (Johnson grass), Zea mays Réunion, South Africa,
rubrisubalbicans Christopher and (jagung, corn, maize) Tanzania, Togo
Edgerton 1930, Pseudomonas America: Barbados,
rubrisubalbicans (Christopher and Brazil, Colombia,
Edgerton 1930) Krasil’nikov 1949, Cuba, Guadeloupe,
andXanthomonas rubrisubalbicans Jamaica, Martinique,
(Christopher and Edgerton 1930) Nicaragua, Panama,
Savelescu 1947); Peru, Puerto Rico,
mottled stripe of sugarcane, bacterial USA, Venezuela,
leaf stripe of sorghum, bacterial stripe Asia: China, Japan, Sri
Lanka, Thailand
Oceania: Australia,
Fiji, New Zealand
19. Pantoea agglomerans Gavini et al. I Abelmoschus moschatus akar (roots), Africa: South Africa,
- 554 -

COMMON NAME)
1989; (okra, lady’s finger), Allium batang (stems), Zimbabwe
(Syn. Bacterium herbicola Geilinger, sativum (bawang putih, buah (fruits), America: Barbados,
Bacterium.typhi-flavum Breed, garlic), Allium spp. (bawang- bunga Bolivia, Ecuador, El
Corynebacterium beticola Abdou 1969, bawangan), Ananas (inflorescence), Savador, Colombia,
Enterobacter agglomerans (Beijerinck comosus (nanas, pineapple), polong (pods), Costa Rica, Cuba,
1888) Ewig and Fife 1972, Carthamus tinctorius daun (leaves) Honduras, Mexico,
Enterobacter agglomerans pv. Millettiae (kesumba, safflower), Citrus Nicaragua, Panama,
(Kawakami and Yoshida 1920), spp. (jeruk, citrus) Daucus USA, Venezuela
Erwinia herbicola (Lohnis 1911) Dye carota (wortel, carrot), Asia: Bangladesh,
1964, Erwinia herbicola pv. Millettiae Glycine max (kedelai, Cambodia, China, DPR
(Kawakami and Yoshida 1920) Goto et soyabean), Gossypium Korea (North Korea),
al. 1980, Erwinia lathyri (Manns and hirsutum (kapas, cotton), India, Israel, Iran,
Taubenhaus) Magrou 1937, Erwinia Hordeum vulgare (barli, Japan, Lao PDR (Laos),
mangiferae (Doidge) Bergey et al. 1923, barley), Impatiens Malaysia, Myanmar,
Erwinia millettiae (Kawakami and balsamina, Lathyrus Nepal, Pakistan,
Yoshida 1920) Magrou 1937, Erwinia odoratus, Malus sylvestris Philippines, Republic
vitivora (Baccarini) du Plessis 1940, (apel, apple), Manihot of Korea (South Korea),
Flavobacterium herbicola (Lohnis) Mack esculenta (ubi kayu, Saudi Arabia, Sri
1936, Falvobacterium rhenanum cassava), Mangifera indica Lanka, Thailand,
(Migula) Bergey et al. 1923, (mangga, mango), Medicago Vietnam
Flavobacterium trifolii (Huss) Bergey et sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Europe: France,
al. 1923, Kurthia baccarinii (Macchiati) Morus, Nicotiana tabacum Germany, Italy,
Pribram 1933, Pantoea agglomerans (tembakau, tobacco), Oryza Moldova, Poland,
pv. Millettiae (Kawakami and Yoshida sativa (padi, paddy, rice), Spain, United Kingdom
1920), Phytomonas itoana (Tochinai) Pyrus communis (pir, pear) Oceania: Australia,
- 555 -

COMMON NAME)
Magrou 1937, Pseudomonas herbicola Saccharum officinarum New Zealand
(Lohnis) de’Rossi 1927, Pseudomonas (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum
itoana Tochinai 1932, Pseudomonas tuberosum (kentang,
trifolii Huss 1907, Xanthomonas potato), Setaria italica
cosmosicola Rangaswami and Sanne (jawawut, foxtail millet),
Gowda 1963, Xanthomonas indica Solanum lycopersicum
Rangaswami, Prasad and Eswaran (tomat, tomato), Vitis
1961, Xanthomonas itoana (Tochinai) vinifera (anggur, grapevine),
Dowson 1943, Xanthomonas maydis Zea mays (jagung, corn,
Rangaswami, Prasad and Eswaran maize)
1961, Xanthomonas penniseti
Rajagopalan and Rangaswami 1958,
Xanthomonas rubrisorghi Rangaswami,
Prasad and Eswaran 1961,
Xanthomonas tagetis Rangaswami and
Sanne Gowda 1963, Xanthomonas
translucens f.sp. oryzae, Xanthomonas
trifolii (Huss) James 1955);
bacterial grapevine blight, bacterial
rice leaf blight
20. Pantoea cypripedii (Hori, 1911) Brady I Aerides japonicum, Carica batang (stems), Africa: South Africa
et al. 2010; papaya (pepaya, papaya), daun (leaves), Asia: Japan, Taiwan
(Syn. Bacillus cypripedii Hori 1911, Cypripedium godefroyae, kultur jaringan
Bacterium cypripedii (Hori) Burgvits Cypripedium haybaldium, (tissue
1935, Erwinia carotovora var. Cypripedium laevigatum, cultures), umbi
- 556 -

COMMON NAME)
cypripedii (Hori) Dye 1969, Erwinia Cypripedium philippinense, (bulbs, corms,
cypripedii (Hori 1911) Bergey et al. Orchidaceae, Paphiopedilum tubers),
1923), Pectobacterium cypripedii (Hori (lady’s slipper orchid),
1911) Brenner et al. 1973); Phalaenopsis amabilis
bacterial brown rot of orchids, black (anggrek bulan, moth-
rot of papaya orchid), Phalaenopsis
aphrodite, Phalaenopsis
hybrids, Phalaenopsis
schilleriana
21. Pectobacterium aroidearum Nabhan et I Brassica rapa subsp. akar (roots), Africa: South Africa,
al. 2013; pekinensis (sawi putih, batang (stems), Zimbabwe
bacterial soft rot, soft rot of Chinese Chinese cabbage), Cucurbita daun (leaves), America: Brazil,
cabbage pepo (labu kuning, zukini, tanah (soils), Jamaica
zucchini), Ornithogalum umbi (bulbs, Asia: China, Israel,
dubium (sun star), Persea corms, tubers) Lebanon
americana (avokad,
avocado), Saccharum spp.
(tebu), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Zantedeschia aethiopica
(calla lily, arum lily)
22. Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Van Hall, I Allium ascalonicum (bawang akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
1902) Gardan et al. 2003; merah, shallot), Allium cepa bahan Mauritius, Morocco,
(Syn. Bacillus atrosepticus, Bacillus (bawang bombay, onion), perbanyakan Mozambique, South
melanogenes Pethybridge and Murphy, Asparagus officinalis vegetatif Africa, Tanzania,
- 557 -

COMMON NAME)
1911), Bacillus phytophthorus Appel (asparagus, asparagus), (vegetative Tunisia, Zimbabwe
1902, Bacterium atrosepticum (van Brassicaceae, Euphorbia propagation America: Argentina,
Hall) Lehmann and Neumann 1927, pulcherrima (poinsettia), material), Belize, Bermuda,
Bacterium carotovorum (Jones) Carica papaya (pepaya, batang (stems), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Lehmann and Neumann/Burgwitz, papaya), Coffea spp. (kopi, daun (leaves), Chile, Colombia, Costa
Bacterium carotovorum var. coffee), Consolida ambigua tanah (soils), Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
atrosepticum (van Hall) Hellmers and (rocket larkspur), umbi (bulbs, French West Indies,
Dowson 1953, Bacterium Cyphomandra betacea corms, tubers) Guadeloupe,
melanogenum, Bacterium (terung belanda, tamarillo, Honduras, Martinique,
phytophthorum (Appel) Lehmann and tree tomato), Cucumis Mexico, Peru, Saint
Neumann 1927, Erwinia atroseptica sativus (mentimun, Lucia, Saint Vincent
(van Hall) Jennison, 1923, Erwinia cucumber), Datura and the Grenadines,
caricae, Erwinia carotovora (Jones) stramonium (kecubung, Suriname, Trinidad
holl./Berg., Erwinia carotovora pv. jimson weed), Daucus carota and Tobago, USA,
atroseptica (van Hall 1902) Dye 1978, (wortel, carrot), Glycine max Venezuela
Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (kedelai, soyabean), Asia: Bhutan, China,
(van Hall, 1902) Dye 1969, Erwinia Helianthus annuus (bunga India, Iran, Israel,
carotovora var. atroseptica (van Hall) matahari, sunflower), Iris Japan, Kazakhstan,
Dye 1969, Erwinia dahliae (Hori and spp., Lupinus (Lupin), Lebanon, Philippines,
Bokura) Magrou, Erwinia melonis Musa spp. (pisang, banana), Turkey, Vietnam
(Giddings) Bergey et al. 1934, Erwinia Nicotiana glauca (tree Europe: Austria,
papayae, Erwinia phytophthora (Appel) tobacco), Nicotiana rustica Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
Bergey et al. 1934, Erwinia (wild tobacco), Nicandra Bosnia and
phytophthorus, Pectobacterium physalodes (apple of Peru), Herzegovina, Croatia,
atrosepticum (van Hall) Patel and Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Cyprus, Czech,
- 558 -

COMMON NAME)
Kulkarni 1951, Pectobacterium common bean), Saccharum Slovakia, Denmark,
carotovorum, Pectobacterium officinarum (tebu, Estonia, Finland,
carotovorum pv atrosepticum (van Hall) sugarcane), Saintpaulia France, Germany,
Graham and Dowson, 1960), (african violet), Solanaceae, Greece, Iceland,
Pectobacterium phytophthorum (Appel) Solanum lycopersicum Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Waldee, 1945; (tomat, tomato), Solanum Lithuania, Malta,
black leg of potato tuberosum (kentang, Montenegro,
potato), Vigna spp. Netherlands, North
(cowpea), Zea mays (jagung, Macedonia, Norway,
corn, maize) Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Spain,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
23. Pectobacterium betavasculorum I Beta vulgaris var. akar (roots), America: Mexico, USA
(Thomson et al. 1984) Gardan et al. Saccharifera (bit gula, sugar batang (stems), Europe: France,
2003; beet), Solanum tuberosum bunga Romania
(Syn. Erwinia betavasculorum, Erwinia (kentang, potato), Cynara (inflorescence),
carotovora subsp. Betavasculorum cardunculus var. scolymus buah (fruits),
Thomson et al. 1984, Pectobacterium (artichoke), Helianthus daun (leaves)
carotovorum subsp. betavasculorum (bunga matahari, sunflower)
(Thomson et al. 1984);
- 559 -

COMMON NAME)
sugar beet rot
24. Pectobacterium cacticida (Alcorn et al., I Agave tequilana (agave), akar (roots), America: Guatemala,
1991) Hauben et al., 1999; Carnegiea gigantea buah (fruits), USA
(Syn. Erwinia cacticida) (Saguaro cactus), Opuntia daun (leaves),
soft rot bacteria spp. (kaktus, cactus, batang (stems),
prickly pear) tanah (soils)
25. Pectobacterium parmentieri Khayi et I Brassica oleracea var. akar (roots), Africa: South Africa,
al., 2016; capitata (kubis, cabbage), batang (stems), Zimbabwe
soft rot bacteria, black leg disease of Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, daun (leaves) America: Canada, USA
potato sweet potato), Solanum tanah (soils), Asia: Iran, Japan,
lycopersicum (tomat, umbi (bulbs, Malaysia, Syria,
tomato), Solanum corms, tubers) Turkey
melongena (terung, Europe: Finland,
eggplant, aubergine), France, Germany,
Solanum tuberosum Netherlands, Norway,
(kentang, potato) Poland, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Switzerland, Scotland,
26. Pectobacterium wasabiae (Gardan et I Eutrema wasabi (Wasabi) akar (roots), Asia: Japan
al. 2003); batang (stems), Europe: France
(Syn. Erwinia carotovora subsp. daun (leaves),
wasabiae (Goto and Matsumoto, 1987), tanah (soils),
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp umbi (bulbs,
- 560 -

COMMON NAME)
wasabiae (Goto and Matsumoto, 1987) corms, tubers)
Hauben et al., 1999);
soft rot bacteria, stem rot
27. Pseudomonas corrugata Roberts and I Capsicum annuum (paprika, akar (roots), Afrika: Egypt, South
Scarlett (1981), emend. Sutra et al. bell pepper), bahan Africa, Tanzania
1997; Chrysanthemum morifolium perbanyakan Amerika: Argentina,
pith necrosis of tomato (krisan, chrysanthemum), tanaman Brazil, Canada,
Geranium (cranebill), (propagative Mexico, USA
Solanum lycopersicum materials), Asia: Georgia, India,
(tomat, tomato) batang (stems), Israel, Japan,
bibit (seedlings), Kazakhstan,
biji (true seed), Kyrgyzstan,
daun (leaves), Philippines, Saudi
kulit kayu Arabia, Syria,
(bark) Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
Albania, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Estonia,
Czech Republic,
Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece,
Lithuania, Moldova,
- 561 -

COMMON NAME)
Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
28. Pseudomonas marginalis (Brown 1918) I Aconitum napellus (aconite akar (roots), Amerika: Peru,
Stevens 1925; monkshood), Agapanthus batang (stems), Trinidad and Tobago,
Kansas lettuce disease, leaf blight of africanus (African blue lily), bibit (seedlings), Venezuela.
chicory, leaf bloght of lettuce, marginal Allium cepa (bawang buah (fruits), Asia: China, Taiwan
lettuce leaf blight bombay, onion), Allium daun (leaves), Eropa: Bulgaria
chinense (spring onion, kulit kayu
rakkyo), Allium sativum (bark), rimpang
(bawang putih, garlic), (rhizome), umbi
Ananas comosus (nanas, (bulbs, corms,
pineapple), Anemone tubers)
coronaria (Poppy anemone),
Apium graveolens (seledri,
celery), Armoracia rusticana
(lobak pedas, horseradish),
Beta vulgaris (bit gula,
- 562 -

COMMON NAME)
beetroot), Beta vulgaris var.
cicla (chard), Brassica nigra
(sawi hitam, black
mustard), Brassica oleracea
(cabbages,), Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis (bunga
kol, cauliflower), Brassica
oleracea var. capitata
(kubis, cabbage), Brassica
rapa subsp. pekinensis
(sawi putih, Chinese
cabbage), Capsicum annuum
(paprika, bell
pepper),Chrysanthemum
vestitum (krisan,
Chrysanthemum) Cichorium
(chicory), Cucumis sativus
Cucurbita (pumpkin),
Cynara cardunculus var.
scolymus (globe artichoke),
Dahlia pinnata (garden
dahlia), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Dianthus
caryophyllus (anyelir,
- 563 -

COMMON NAME)
carnation), Eutrema wasabi
(wasabi), Helianthus annuus
(bunga matahari,
sunflower), Hyacinthus
orientalis (hyacinth), Iris
germanica (German iris),
lettuce), Lactuca sativa var.
capitata (head lettuce),
Lobelia erinus (dwarf blue
lobelia), Medicago sativa
(lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Nigella
damascena (Love-in-a-mist),
(sainfoin), Papaver
somniferum (Opium poppy),
Pastinaca sativa (parsnip),
Petroselinum crispum
(peterseli, parsley),
bean), Phaseolus vulgaris
Philodendron bipinnatifidum
(lacy tree philodendron),
- 564 -

COMMON NAME)
Populus (poplars), Primula
(Primrose), Prunus
amygdalus (badam,
(persik, peach), Pyrus (pir,
pears), Raphanus sativus
(lobak, radish), Rheum
hybridum (rhubarb),
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Syngonium,
Syngonium podophyllum
(singonium, arrowhead
vine), Zingiber officinale
(jahe, ginger)
29. Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. I Cajanus cajan (kacang batang (stems), Africa: Burundi, DR
phaseolicola (Burkholder 1926) Gardan gude, pigeon pea), bibit (seedlings), Congo, Egypt,
et al.1992; Centrosema, Desmodium biji (true seed), Ethiopia, Kenya,
(Syn. Bacterium medicaginis var. (tick clovers), Glycine max buah (fruits), Lesotho, Madagascar,
phaseolicola (Burkholder) Link and (kedelai, soyabean), Lablab bunga Malawi, Mauritius,
Hull 1927, Bacterium puerariae Hedges purpureus (kacang komak, (inflorescences), Morocco, Mozambique,
1927, Phytomonas medicaginis var. hyacinth bean), Phaseolus daun (leaves), Rwanda, South Africa,
phaseolicola Burkholder 1926, acutifolius (tepary bean), polong (pods), Swaziland, Tanzania,
Phytomonas puerariae (Hedges) Bergey Phaseolus coccineus (runner titik tumbuh Uganda, Zambia,
- 565 -

COMMON NAME)
et al. 1930, Phytomonas vignae (Gardn. bean), Phaseolus lunatus (growing point) Zimbabwe
and Kendr.) Karassilnikov, (lima bean), Phaseolus America: Argentina,
Pseudomonas cerasi (=cerasus) Griffin, vulgaris (buncis, common Barbados, Bolivia,
Pseudomonas holci Kendrick, bean), Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Pseudomonas medicaginis, Pisum sativum (kapri, sweet Colombia, Costa Rica,
Pseudomonas medicaginis f.sp. pea), Pueraria montana var. Dominican Republic,
phaseolicola (Burkholder) Dowson lobata (kudzu), Vigna Ecuador, French
1957, Pseudomonas medicaginis var. angularis (adzuki bean), Guiana, Guadeloupe,
phaseolicola (Burkholder) Stapp and Vigna radiata (kacang Hawaii, Martinique,
Kotte 1929, Pseudomonas phaseolicola hijau, mung bean), Vigna Mexico, Paraguay,
(Burkholder) Dowson 1943, unguiculata (kacang Peru, Saint Vincent
Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola panjang, cowpea) and the Grenadines,
(Burkholder 1926) Young et al. 1978, Suriname, Uruguay,
Pseudomonas vignae Gardner and USA, Venezuela
Kendrick, Xanthomonas medicaginis Asia: China, Georgia,
var. phaseolicola (Burkholder) Elliot India, Israel, Japan,
1951, Xanthomonas phaseolicola); Pakistan, Saudi
halo blight of beans; grease spot of Arabia, Turkey, Yemen
beans, bacterial bean blight Europe: Austria,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
- 566 -

COMMON NAME)
Ireland, Italy, Jersey,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom (Channel
Islands)
Oceania: Australia,
Fiji, New Zealand
30. Pseudomonas syringae pv. I Prunus americana (aprikot, batang (stems), Africa: South Africa
morsprunorum (Wormald 1931) Young apricot), Prunus avium (ceri buah (fruits), America: Canada, USA
et al.1978; manis, sweet cherry), bunga Asia: Georgia, India,
(Syn. Agrobacterium mors-prunorum Prunus cerasus (kersen, (inflorescences), Japan, Kazakhstan,
(Wormald) Savulescu 1947, Bacterium sour cherry), Prunus daun (leaves), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
mors-prunorum (Wormald) 1932, domestica (prem, plum), kayu (woods), Turkey, Tajikistan,
Phytomonas mors-prunorum (Wormald) Prunus salicina (Japanese kulit kayu Turkmenistan,
Wormald 1932, Pseudomonas mors- plum) (bark) Uzbekistan
prunorum Wormald 1931); Europe: Armenia,
bacterial canker of stone fruits; spot of Azerbaijan, Belarus,
stone fruits; shoot wilt of stone fruits; Belgium, Czech
gummosis; blossom blast Republic, Denmark,
- 567 -

COMMON NAME)
Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom, Oceania:
Australia
31. Pseudomonas syringae pv. passiflorae I Passiflora incarnata (purple batang (stems), Africa: South Africa
(Reid 1938) Young et al. 1978; passion flower), Passiflora buah (fruits), America: Dominica
(Syn. Phytobacterium passiflorae (Reid) edulis (markisa, passion daun (leaves) Europe: United
Magrou and Prevot 1948, Phytomonas fruit) Kingdom
passiflorae Reid 1939, Pseudomonas Oceania: Australia,
passiflora (Reid 1938) Young et al. New Zealand
1978, Pseudomonas passiflorae (Reid)
Burkholder 1948);
grease spot of passion fruit; necrotic
spots
32. Pseudomonas syringae pv. I Coriandrum sativum batang (stems), America: Canada, USA
coriandricola Toben and Rudolph; (ketumbar, coriander), bibit (stems), Asia: India
- 568 -

COMMON NAME)
bacterial blight, leaf spot Daucus carota (wortel, biji (true seed), Europe: Germany,
carrot), Pastinaca sativa daun (leaves) Serbia, Spain
(parsnip) Petroselinum Oceania: Australia
crispum (peterseli, parsley)
33. Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae Teix. I Citrus sp. (jeruk, citrus), benih (seeds), Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya
and Pinh.; Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), bibit (seedlings), America: Brazil
(Syn. Pseudomonas garcae); Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, planlet,
bacterial spot, bacterial blight of coffee common bean), Solanum tanaman hasil
lycopersicum (tomat, mikropropagasi
tomato), Solanum tuberosum (micropropagate
(kentang, potato), Vigna d plants, umbi
spp. (kacang panjang, (bulbs, corms,
cowpea) tubers)
34. Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola I Brassica oleracea capitata akar (roots), Africa: Algeria,
(McCulloch 1911) Young et al.1978; (kubis, cabbage), Brassica batang (stems), Mauritius,
(Syn. Bacterium maccullochianum rapa gongylodes (kohlrabi), buah (fruits), Mozambique, South
Burgivits 1935, Bacterium maculicola Brassica rapa sub sp. rapa bunga Africa, Zimbabwe
(McCulloch 1911, Bacterium (turnip, turnip), Brassica (inflorescences, America: Argentina,
maculicola var. japonicum Takimoto juncea var. juncea (sawi, daun (leaves), Bermuda, Bolivia,
1931, Phytomonas maculicola Indian mustard), Brassica benih (true Brazil, Canada, Chile,
(McCulloch) Bergey et al. 1923, nigra (sawi hitam, black seed) Colombia, Cuba,
Pseudomonas maculicola (McCulloch) mustard), Brassica oleracea Dominican Republic,
Stevens 1913); var. viridis (collards), Ecuador, El Salvador,
cabbage leaf spot Brassica oleracea var. French Guiana,
- 569 -

COMMON NAME)
gemmifera, Brassica rapa Paraguay, Puerto Rico,
sub sp. pekinensis (sawi Peru, Uruguay, USA,
putih, Chinese cabbage), Venezuela
Raphanus sativus (lobak, Asia: China, DPR
radish), Brassica oleracea Korea (North Korea),
var.botrytis (bunga kol, Georgia, Japan,
cauliflower), Brassica Republic of Korea
oleracea var. italica (brokoli, (South Korea), Taiwan,
broccoli) Turkey
Europe: Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France,
Germany, Italy,
Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Norway,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Ukraine,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
Federated States of
Micronesia, Fiji, New
Zealand, Palau, Papua
- 570 -

COMMON NAME)
New Guinea
35. Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi (Sacket I Cynodon dactylon (rumput batang (stems), Africa: Kenya, Malawi,
1916) Young et al. 1978; bermuda, bermuda grass), buah (fruits), South Africa,
(Syn. Bacterium pisi (Sackett) Smith Digitaria sanguinalis, bunga Tanzania, Zimbabwe
1920, Chlorobacter pisi (Sackett) Galium aparine, Lablab (inflorescences), America: Argentina,
Bergey et al. 1923, Pseudomonas pisi purpureus (kacang komak, biji (true seed), Bermuda, Brazil,
Sacket 1916); hyacinth), Lathyrus, daun (leaves), Canada, Colombia,
bacterial pea blight Lathyrus latifolius (broad- planlet, polong Costa Rica, Ecuador,
leaved sweet pea), Lathyrus (pods), tanaman Mexico, Uruguay, USA,
odoratus (sweet pea), (whole plants) Asia: Georgia, India,
Lepidium campestre, Pisum Japan, Kazakhstan,
sativum (kapri, sweet pea), Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Pisum sativum var. arvense, Nepal, Pakistan, Syria,
Reseda lutea, Vicia Turkey
benghalensis (purple vetch), Europe: Armenia,
Vicia spp. Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech,
Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
- 571 -

COMMON NAME)
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Switzerland,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom (England,
Wales)
Oceania: Australia,
New Caledonia, New
Zealand
36. Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae I Aconitum spp., Abelmoschus akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
van Hall 1902; moschatus (okra, lady’s batang (stems), Ethiopia, Kenya,
(Syn. Bacillus cerasi (Griffin) Holland finger), Vernicia fordii, biji (true seed), Lesotho, Malawi,
1920, Bacillus gummis (Comes) Allium spp. (bawang- bunga Morocco, South Africa,
Trevisan 1889, Bacillus matthiolae bawangan), Alnus glutinosa, (inflorescence), Tanzania, Tunisia,
(Briosi and Pavarino) Stapp 1928, Arbutus spp., Aralia spp., buah (fruits), Uganda, Zimbabwe
Bacillus spongiosus Aderhold and Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, daun (leaves), America: Argentina,
Ruhland 1905, Bacterium cerasi kiwi fruit), Atriplex media tanam Barbados, Brazil,
(Griffin) Elliot 1930, Bacterium cerasi hortensis, Beta vulgaris var (growing media) Chile, El Salvador,
var. prunicola, Bacterium saccharifera (bit gula, sugar Guatemala, Honduras,
citrarefasciens Lee 1917, Bacterium beet), Betula pendula, Mexico, Panama,
citriputeale C.O. Smith 1913, Brassica rapa subsp. Puerto Rico, USA,
Bacterium gummis Comes 1884, pekinensis (sawi putih, Uruguay, Venezuela
Bacterium hibisci Nakada and Chinese cabbage), Asia: Afganistan,
Takimoto 1923, Bacterium holci Carthamus tinctorius Bangladesh, China,
- 572 -

COMMON NAME)
Kendrick 1926, Macterium matthiolae (Kesumba, Saffalower), DPR Korea (North
Briosi and Pavarino 1912, Bacterium Centaurea maculosa Korea), Georgia, India,
nectarophilum Doidge 1917, Bacterium (spotted knapweed), Iran, Israel, Japan,
prunicola (Wormald) Burgvitz 1935, Chenopodium quinoa Kazakhstan,
Bacterium rimaefasciens (Koning) (quinoa), Chrysanthemum Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Dowson); indicum (krisan, chrysant), Pakistan, Republic of
bacterial canker or blast (stone and Citrus spp. (jeruk, citrus), Korea (South Korea),
pome fruits), bacterial brown spot Cinnamomum camphora Sri Lanka, Thailand,
(beans), apoplexy of apricots, bacterial (kayu kamper, camphor Turkey, Uzbekistan,
black spot, bacterial eye spot, tree), Calystegia sepium Vietnam
bacterialspot, bacterial sheath rot, (hedge bindweed), Europe: Austria,
blast of Citrus, blister spot of apple, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Azerbaijan, Belarus,
peach-tree short-life, pear blossom Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Belgium, Bosnia and
blight Capsicum annuum (paprika, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
bell-pepper), Cucumis Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
sativus (mentimun, Republic, Denmark,
cucumber), Cucurbita, France, Germany,
Cucurbita maxima (waluh, Greece, Hungary,
labu parang, pumpkin), Ireland, Italy,Latvia,
Cydonia oblonga (quince), Lithuania, Moldova,
Cyphomandra betacea Montenegro, North
(terung belanda, tamarillo, Macedonia,
tree tomato), Dahlia pinnata Netherlands, Poland,
(dahlia), Daphne odora, Portugal, Romania,
Desmodium spp., Diospyros Russian Federation,
- 573 -

COMMON NAME)
kaki (kesemek, persimmon), Serbia, Slovakia,
Echinochloa crusgalli , Slovenia, Spain,
Erysimum cheiri, Malus Sweden, Switzerland,
domesticum (apel, apple), Ukraine, United
Prunus spp., Vigna spp. Kingdom
(kacang panjang, cowpea), Oceania: Australia,
Syringa vulgaris (lilac), New Zealand
sorghum), Fortunella spp.,
Forsythia intermedia,
Fragaria vesca, Glycine max
Hibiscus spp. (bunga
sepatu, rosemallows),
barley), Impatiens
balsamina (pacar air,
garden balsam), Juglans
regia, Lactuca sativa
(selada, lettuce), Lablab
purpureus, Ligustrum
ovalifolium, Solanum
tomato), Magnolia spp.,
- 574 -

COMMON NAME)
lucerne), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Matthiola
incana, Musa paradisiaca
(pisang kepok, plantain),
Mucuna deeringiana, Nerium
oleander, Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Oryza
Panax ginseng (Asiatic
ginseng), Panicum spp.,
Passiflora quadrangularis
(markisa, passionfruit,
granadilla), Persea
americana (avokad,
avocado), Pennisetum spp.,
Philadelphus, Vigna
angularis, Phaseolus spp.,
pea), Piper nigrum (lada,
blackpepper), Pinus radiata
(pinus), Populus spp.,
sweet cherry), Pyrus (pir,
pear), Passiflora edulis
(markisa, passionfruit),
- 575 -

COMMON NAME)
Quercus spp. (oak),
Rhododendron, Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Rubus
ursinus, Salix spp., Sorghum
Sorghum spp., Trifolium
spp., Trigonella foenum-
graecum, Triticum aestivum
(gandum, wheat), Vaccinium
sp., Vicia faba (kacang babi,
broad bean), Vicia villosa,
Vigna cylindrica, Vitis
maize)
37. Pseudomonas syringae pv. theae (Hori I Camellia sinensis (teh, tea) akar (roots), Asia: Japan
1915) Young et al. 1978; batang (stems),
(Syn. Bacillus theae Hori 1915, Erwinia buah (fruits),
theae (Hori) Okabe and Goto 1955, bunga
Innominatus theae (Hori) Okabe and (inflorescences),
Goto 1955, Xanthomonas theae daun (leaves)
Uehara and Arai);
bacterial shoot blight, bacterial stem
blight, bacterial tea blight, red blight,
tea bacterial spot
- 576 -

COMMON NAME)
38. Rathayibacter tritici (ex Hutchinson I Alopecurus (foxtails), akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
1917) Zgurskaya et al.1993; Hordeum vulgare (barli, batang (stems), Morocco, Zambia
(Syn. Agrobacterium tritici (Hutchinson barley), Lolium temulentum biji (true seed), Asia: Afghanistan,
1917) Savalescu 1947, Bacterium tritici (darnel), Triticum aestivum buah (fruits), China, India, Iran,
(Hutchinson 1917) Elliot 1930, (gandum, wheat), Triticum bunga Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey
Clavibacter tritici (ex Hutchinson 1917) dicoccum, Triticum turgidum (inflorecence), Europe: Cyprus,
Davis et al. 1984, Corynebacterium (durum wheat) daun (leaves), Denmark
michiganense pv. tritici (Hutchinson tanah (soils), Oceania: Australia,
1917) Dye and Kemp 1977, media tanam
Corynebacterium tritici (Hutchinson (growing media)
1917) Burkholder 1948, Phytomonas
tritici (Hutchinson 1917) Bergey et al Vektor:
1930, Pseudomonas tritici Hutchinson Tylenchida,
1917); Anguinidae:
spike blight, tundu disease, yellow ear Anguina tritici
rot, yellow slime disease, yellow spike,
gumming diseases of wheat, gumming
disease of grasses
39. Rhizobium vitis (Ophel and Kerr 1990) I Vitis vinifera (anggur, akar (roots), Africa: Tunisia
Young et al. 2001; grapevine), Vitis sp. batang (stems), America: Brazil,
(Syn. Agrobacterium biovar 3, biji (true seed), Canada, USA
Agrobacterium tumefasciens biovar 3, daun (leaves), Asia: Afghanistan,
Agrobacterium vitis Ophel and Kerr planlet, tanah China, DPR Korea
1990); (soils), media (North Korea), Japan,
crown gallof grapevine tanam (growing Jordan, Republic of
- 577 -

COMMON NAME)
media). Korea (South Korea)
Europe: France,
Greece, Hungary,
Spain
Oceania: Australia
40. Rhodococcus fascians (Tilford 1936) I Antirrhinum majus (snap akar (roots), Africa: Egypt
Goodfellow 1984; dragon), Asparagus batang (stems), America: Canada,
(Syn. Bacterium fascians (Tilford) Lacey densiflorus, Begonia bibit (seedlings), Colombia, Guatemala,
1939, Corynebacterium fascians tuberhybrida, Beta vulgaris biji (true seed), Mexico, USA,
(Tilford 1936) Dowson 1942, (bit gula, beet root), corms, daun Asia: India, Iran, Israel
Phytomonas fascians (Tilford) Beloperone, Brassica spp., (leaves), planlet, Europe: Belgium,
Krasil’nikov 1949, Rhodococcus Buddleia davidii, Brassica tanah (soils), Czech Republic,
rubropertinctus); oleracea var. botrytis (bunga rhizomes, umbi Denmark, Estonia,
leafy gall, fasciation, witches' broom kol, cauliflower), Brodiaea, (bulbs, corms, France, Germany,
syndrome, ornamental cauliflower Capsicum annuum (paprika, tubers)) Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
disease, strawberry cauliflower cabai, bell-pepper), Netherlands, Norway,
disease, strawberry fasciation, tobacco Casuarina equisetifolia Vektor: Poland, Russian
leafy gall (cemara laut, australian Hemiptera, Federation, Slovakia,
pine tree), Chamaemelum Aphididae: Sweden, Ukraine,
nobile, Cichorium intybus Myzus persicae, United Kingdom
(chicory), Cicer arietinum M. ascalonicus Oceania: Australia,
(kacang arab, chickpea), New Zealand
Consolida ambigua, ,
Chrysanthemum spp.,
Crysanthemum vestitum,
- 578 -

COMMON NAME)
Cucumis melo (melon,
muskmelon), Dactura
innoxia (kecubung, inoxia),
Dahlia pinnata (dahlia),
Dianthus barbatus,
Dianthus caryophyllus
(anyelir, carnation),
Erysimum cheiri (wallflower),
Euphorbia, Euphorbia
pulcherrima (kastuba,
poinsettia), Erysimum
allionii, Forsythia suspensa,
strawberry), Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Fragaria,
Freesia spp., Gloriosa spp.,
Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine
Gypsophila paniculata, Hebe
andersonii hybrids,
Hyasinthus, Impatiens
walleriana (pacar air,
balsam), Kalanchoe
blossfeldiana (cocor bebek,
- 579 -

COMMON NAME)
florist kalanchoe),
Kalanchoe, Lathyrus
odoratus (sweet pea), Lilium
spp., Mesembryanthemum,
Muscari botryoides,
Nicotiana, Pelargonium
zonale (geranium),
Pelargonium, Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea), Petunia
hybrida, Phaseolus spp.,
Physalis spp., Phlox spp.,
Rhododendron (Azalea),
Spinacia oleracea (horenso),
Sorbaria sorbifolia, Solanum
tomato), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Tagetes
spp., Tropaeolum majus,
Triteleia laxa, Triteleia spp.,
Tulipa (tulip), Viburnum
opulus, Vicia faba (kacang
babi, broad bean)
41. Streptomyces ipomoeae (Person and I Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, akar (roots), America: USA
Martin 1940) Waksman and Henrici sweet potato), Ipomoea spp. bibit (seedlings), Asia: Japan, Vietnam
1948; media tanam
- 580 -

COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Actinomyces ipomoeae); (growing
Streptomycetes soil rot (pox), soil rot, media), planlet,
ground rot, sweet potato soft rot, sweet tanah (soils),
potato soil rot, sweet potato pox umbi (bulbs,
corms, tubers)
42. Tatumella citrea I Ananas comosus (nanas, buah (fruits), Africa: Tanzania
(Syn.Pantoea citrea, Erwinia citreus); pineapple), Citrus reticulata polong (pods) America: Mexico, USA
pineapple pink fruit, pink disease of (jeruk mandarin, mandarin Asia: Japan,
pineapple. orange) Philippines, Taiwan
Europe: Albania, Czech
Republic
Oceania: Australia
43. Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni I Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, batang (stems), Africa: South Africa,
(Smith) Vauterin, Hoste, Kersters and apricot), Prunus avium (ceri buah (fruits), Zimbabwe
Swings; manis, sweet cherry), daun (leaves) America: Argentina,
(Syn. Bacillus pruni (Smith) Holland Prunus cerasus (kersen, Bermuda, Bolivia,
1920, Bacterium cerasi wraggi sour cherry), Prunus Brazil, Canada, Chile,
(Sackett) Elliott 1930, Bacterium pruni, domestica (prem, plum), Colombia, Dominican
(Smith) Smith 1905, Phytomonas Prunus dulcis (badam Republic, Ecuador,
cerasi wraggi Sackett 1925, almond), Prunus persica French Guiana,
Pseudomonas pruni Smith 1903, (persik, peach), Prunus Mexico, Uruguay, USA,
Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni persica var. nucipersica Venezuela
(Smith) Dye, Xanthomonas pruni (nectarine), Prunus salicina Asia: China, DPR
(Smith) Dawson); (Japanese plum), Prunus Korea (North Korea),
bacterial canker of stone fruit; japonica (Japanese bush India, Iran, Japan,
- 581 -

COMMON NAME)
bacterial shot-hole of stone fruit; cherry tree), Prunus mume Lebanon, Pakistan,
bacterial spot of stone fruit; (Japanese apricot tree), Republic of Korea
bacterialspot of stone fruit; black spot Prunus sp. (stone fruit), (South Korea), Saudi
of stone fruit Prunus laurocerasus (cherry Arabia, Tajikistan,
laurel), Taiwan
Europe: Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria,
Cyprus, France,
Germany, Italy,
Netherland, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Switzerland,
United Kingdom,
Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
44. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. alfalfae I Glycine max (kedelai, batang (stems), Africa: Sudan
(Riker et al. 1935) Vauterin et al. 1995; soyabean), Lablab daun (leaves), America: El Salvador,
(Syn. Bacterium alfalfa Riker, Jones purpureus (hyacinth bean), tanaman hasil Nicaragua, USA
and Davies 1935, Phytomonas alfalfae Medicago sativa (alfalfa, mikropropagasi Asia: Georgia, India,
Riker, Jones and Davies 1935, lucerne), Medicago (micropropagate Syria
Pseudomonas alfalfa Riker, Jones and scutellata (snail medic), d plants), Europe: Romania
Davies 1935, Xanthomonas alfalfa Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Oceania: Australia
- 582 -

COMMON NAME)
(Riker et al.) Dowson 1943, common bean), Pisum
Xanthomonas campestris pv. Alfalfae sativum (kapri, sweet pea),
(Riker et al.) Dye 1978, Xanthomonas Trifolium incarnatum
phaseoli f.sp. alfalfa (Riker et al.) Sabet (Crimson clover), Trifolium
1959); pratense (semanggi, red
bacterial alfalfa leaf spot, bacterial leaf clover), Vicia benghalensis
spot of lucerne (purple vetch), Vicia sativa
(common vetch), Vigna
mungo (black gram)
45. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii I Allium (onions, garlic, leek, akar (roots), Africa: Mauritius,
Roumagnac et al.; etc.), Allium cepa (bawang batang (stems), Réunion, South Africa
(Syn. Xanthomonas campestris pv. bombay, onion), Allium cepa buah, bunga, America: Barbados,
allii); var. aggregatum (bawang daun (leaves), Brazil, Cuba, Saint
onion bacterial blight merah, shallot), Allium media tanam Kitts and Nevis, USA,
fistulosum (bawang daun, (growing media) Venezuela
welsh onion), Allium porrum Asia: Japan
(bawang prei, leek), Allium Europe: Netherlands
sativum (bawang putih,
garlic), Allium
schoenoprasum (kucai,
chives)
46. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. I Aglaonema commutatum, batang (stems), Africa: Réunion, South
dieffenbachiae (McCulloch and Pirone Anthurium spp., Anthurium daun (leaves), Africa
- 583 -

COMMON NAME)
1939) Vauterinet al. 1995; andreanum, Araceae, media tanam America: Barbados,
(Syn. Bacterium dieffenbachiae Caladium bicolor hybrids, (growing media) Bermuda, Brazil,
McCulloch Pirone 1939, Phytomonas Dieffenbachia maculata, rimpang Canada, Costa Rica,
dieffenbachiae McCulloch and Pirone Epipremnum pinnatum (sirih (rhizome), umbi Dominica, Guadeloupe,
1939, Xanthomonas campestris pv. gading), Philodendron (bulbs, corms, Jamaica, Martinique,
dieffenbachiae McCulloch and Pirone hederaceum, Philodendron tubers) Puerto Rico, St.
1939) Dye 1978, Xanthomonas hederaceum var. Vincent and the
campestris pv. syngonii Dickey and oxycardium, Philodendron Grenadines, Trinidad
Zumoff 1987, Xanthomonas selloum, Syngonium and Tobago, USA,
dieffenbachiae (McCulloch and Pirone) podophyllum, Venezuela
Dowson 1943); Xanthosoma caracu, Asia: China,
anthurium blight, bacterial blight of Xanthosoma sagittifolium Philippines, Sri Lanka,
aroids, tip burn of philodendron Taiwan, Turkey
oxycardium Europe: Germany,
Italy, Netherlands,
Poland, Romania
Oceania: Australia,
Caledonia
47. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. I Codiaeum variegatum batang (stems), America: USA,
poinsettiicola (Patel, Bhatt and (puring, croton), Euphorbia daun (leaves), Venezuela
Kulkarni) Vauterinet et al. 1995; heterophylla (wild tunas (buds, Asia: China, Cocos
(Syn. Xanthomonas campestris pv. poinsettia), Euphorbia milii shoots) Islands, India,
poinsettiicola (Patel, Bhatt and (Crown-of-thorns), Philippines, Taiwan
Kulkarni) Dye 1978, Xanthomonas Euphorbia pulcherrima Europe: Germany, Italy
- 584 -

COMMON NAME)
poinsetticola Patel, Bhatt and Kulkarni (kastuba, poinsettia), Oceania: Australia,
1951, Xanthomonas pulcherrimae Manihot esculenta (ubi New Zealand
Quimio 1974, Xanthomonas ricini f.sp. kayu, cassava)
poinsetticola (Patel, Bhatt and
Kulkarni);
bacterial leaf spot of poinsettiia,
bacterial leaf spot of Euphorbia
48. Xanthomonas axonopodis I Areca catechu (pinang, akar (roots), Africa: Ghana,
pv.vasculorum (Cobb 1894) Vauterin et betelnut palm), Bambusa bibit (seedlings), Madagascar, Malawi,
al. 1995; vulgaris (common bamboo), biji (true seed), Mauritius,
(Syn. Bacillus vasculorum Cobb 1893, Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang (stems), Mozambique, Réunion,
Bacterium vasculorum (Cobb) Migula coconut), Coix lacryma-jobi, daun (leaves), South Africa,
1900, Phytomonas vasculara (Cobb) Dictyosperma album, kayu (woods), Swaziland, Zimbabwe
Bergey, Phytomonas vasculorum (Cobb) Megathyrsus maximus planlet, umbi America: Antigua and
Bergey et al. 1923, Pseudomonas (Guinea grass), Panicum (bulbs, corms, Barbuda, Argentina,
vasculorum (Cobb) Smith 1901, spp., Pennisetum tubers) Barbados, Belize,
Xanthomonas campestris pv. purpureum, Roystonea regia Brazil, Colombia,
vasculorum (Cobb 1894) Dye 1978, (palem raja, florida royal Cuba, Dominica,
Xanthomonas campestris subsp. palm), Saccharum Dominican Republic,
vasculorum, Xanthomonas vasculorum officinarum (tebu, French Guiana,
(Cobb) Dowson 1939); sugarcane), Saccharum sp., Guadeloupe, Jamaica,
sugarcane gumming disease, Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Martinique, Mexico,
gummosis of sugarcane, gummosis sorghum), Sorghum Panama, Puerto Rico,
halepense (Johnson grass), Saint Kitts and Nevis,
Sorghum sudanense (Sudan Saint Lucia, Saint
- 585 -

COMMON NAME)
grass), Sorghum sp. Vincent and the
(sorgum, sorghum), Grenadines, Trinidad
Thysanolaena latifolia and Tobago
(Asian broom grass) Zea Asia: India
mays (jagung, corn, maize) Europe: Portugal
Oceania: Australia,
Fiji, Papua New Guinea
49. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vitians I Asteraceae, batang (stems), Africa: South Africa,
(Brown 1918) Vauterin et al. 1995; Chenopodiaceae, Lactuca biji (true seeds), Zimbabwe
(Syn. Bacterium lactucae Yamamoto sativa (selada, lettuce), daun (leaves) America: Brazil, France
1934, Bacterium vitians Brown 1918, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae, West Indies, Hawaii,
Phytomonas lactucae (Yamamoto) Portulacaceae, Syngonium, USA, Venezuela
Burkholder 1939, Phytomonas Syngonium podophyllum Asia: Georgia, Japan,
lactucae-scariolae Thornberry and (arrowhead vine) Kazakhstan,
Anderson 1937, Phytomonas vitians Kyrgyzstan, Republic
(Brown) Bergey et al. 1923, of Korea (South Korea),
Pseudomonas lactucae (Yamamoto) Saudi Arabia,
Krasil’nikov 1949, Pseudomonas Tajikistan,
lactucae-scariolae (Thornberry and Turkmenistan, Turkey,
Anderson) Krasil’nikov 1949, Uzbekistan
Pseudomonas vitians (Brown) stevens Europe: Armenia,
1925, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Azerbaijan, Belarus,
vitians (Brown 1918) Dye 1978, Estonia, Germany,
Xanthomonas lactucae (Yamamoto) Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Dowson 1943, Xanthomonas lactucae- Moldova, Russian
- 586 -

COMMON NAME)
scariolae (Thornberry and Anderson) Federation, Ukraine
Savulescu 1947, Xanthomonas vitians Oceania: Australia
(Brown) Dowson 1943);
bacterial leaf spot, lettuce bacterial
spot
50. Xanthomonas campestris pv. I Armoracia rusticana (lobak batang (stems), Africa: Zimbabwe
armoraciae (McCulloch) Dye 1978; pedas, horseradish), biji (true seed), America: Brazil, USA
(Syn. Bacterium campestre var. Brassica oleracea var. daun (leaves) Asia: China, India,
armoraciae 1929, Phytomonas botrytis (bunga kol, Japan, Turkey
campestris var. armoraciae (McCulloch) cauliflower), Brassica Europe: Ukraine
Bergey et al. 1930, Pseudomonas oleracea var. gemmifera Oceania: Australia
campestris var. armoraciae (Brussels sprouts), Brassica
(McCulloch) Krasil’nikov 1949, oleracea var. italica (brokoli,
Xanthomonas armoraciae (McCulloch) broccoli), Iberis (candytuft)
Burkholder 1959);
Xanthomonas leaf spot, bacterial leaf
spot of crucifer
51. Xanthomonas cassavae (ex Wiehe and I Manihot esculenta (ubi batang (stems), Africa: Burundi, DR
Dows.) Vauterin et al. 1995; kayu, cassava) daun (leaves) Congo, Kenya, Malawi,
(Syn. Xanthomonas campestris pv. Rwanda, Tanzania,
Cassavae (Wiehe and dowson 1953) Uganda
Maraite and Weyns, Xanthomonas America: Colombia
ricini f.sp. cassavae (Wiehe and
Dowson) Sabet et al., 1969);
cassava bacteral leaf spot, cassava
- 587 -

COMMON NAME)
bacterial necrosis
52. Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and I Fragaria ananassa bibit (seedlings), Africa: Ethiopia,
King 1962; (strawberry) organ Reunion
Angular leaf spot perbanyakan America: Argentina,
vegetatif Brazil, Canada,
(vegetative Mexico, USA,
propagative Paraguay, Uruguay,
materials) Venezuela
Asia: China, Iran,
Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Taiwan
Europe: Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria,
Finland, France,
Germany, Italy,
Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland
53. Xanthomonas hortorum pv. pelargonii I Geranium sanguineum batang (stems), Africa: Egypt, Morocco,
(Brown 1923) Vauterin et al. 1995; (bloody cranesbill), bunga South Africa
(Syn. Bacterium geranii (Burkholder) Pelargonium (pelargoniums), (inflorescences), America: Argentina,
Dowson 1939, Bacterium pelargonii Pelargonium graveolens daun (leaves), Brazil, Canada, USA
Brown 1923, Phytomonas geranii (rose geranium) tunas (buds, Asia: Georgia, India,
Burkholder 1937, Pseudomonas shoots) Iran, Japan,
- 588 -

COMMON NAME)
geranii (Brown) Stevens 1925, Kazakhstan,
Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii Vektor: Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
(Brown 1923) Dye 1978, Xanthomonas Hemiptera: Turkey, Turkmenistan,
geranii (Burkholder) Dowson 1939, Cicadellidae, Uzbekistan
Xanthomonas pelargonii (Brown) Starr Cercopidae Europe: Armenia,
and Burkholder 1942); Austria, Azerbaijan,
bacterial leaf spot of pelargonium, Belarus, Belgium,
bacterial blight Bosnia and
Denmark, Estonia,
France, Germany,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Netherlands, North
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia
- 589 -

COMMON NAME)
54. Xanthomonas vasicola pv.holcicola I Panicum miliaceum (millet), batang (stems), Africa: Ethiopia,
(Elliot 1930) Vauterin et al. 1995; Setaria italica (jawawut, true seed), Gambia, Ivory Coast,
(Syn. Bacterium holcicola Elliott 1930, foxtail millet), Sorghum daun (leaves) Madagascar, Niger,
Phytomonas holcicola (Elliott 1930) bicolor (sorghum), Sorghum South Africa, Togo
Bergey et al. 1934, Pseudomonas halepense (Johnson grass), America: Argentina,
holcicola (Elliott 1930) Stapp 1935, Sorghum sudanense (Sudan Mexico, USA,
Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola grass), Sorghum almum Venezuela
(Elliott 1930) Dye 1978, Xanthomonas (Columbusgrass), Zea mays Asia: Bangladesh,
holcicola (Elliott 1930) Starr and (jagung, maize, corn) India, Iran, Israel,
Burkholder 1942); Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
streaky spot of sorghum and Sudan Philippines, Thailand
grass; melanosis of Panicum millet; Europe: France,
bacterial streak of millet, bacterial leaf Romania, Russian
streak of sorgum, bacteral streak Federation, Ukraine
sorgum Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand, Solomon
Islands
55. Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. 1987; I Acer saccharum, Acer akar (roots), America: Argentina,
Pierce's disease of grapevines, citrus (maple), Acer rubrum (red batang (stems), Brazil, Canada, Costa
variegated chlorosis alfalfa dwarf, maple), Brachiaria spp. bibit (seedlings), Rica, Mexico,
almond leaf scorch, dwarf lucerne, (signalgrass), Carya buah (fruits), Paraguay, Puerto Rico,
scorch, phony disease of peach, plum illinoinensis (pecan), bunga USA, Venezuela
leaf scald, pecan bacteral leaf scorch Chitalpa tashkentensis, (inflorescence), Asia: China, India,
Citrus latifolia (jeruk nipis, daun (leaves), Taiwan, Turkey
tahiti lime), Citrus reticulata umbi lapis Europe: France, Italy,
- 590 -

COMMON NAME)
(jeruk mandarin), Citrus (corms) Portugal, Spain,
reticulata x paradisi Switzerland
(tangelo), Citrus sinensis Vektor:
(jeruk manis, navel orange), Hemiptera,
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), Cicadellidae:
Conium maculatum (poison Cicadella
hemlock), Cynodon spp viridis,
Cyperus (flatsedge), Carneocephala
Digitaria spp., Echinochloa fulgida,
frumentacea (japanese Draeculacephal
millet), Fragaria vesca (wild a minerva,
strawberry), Lolium spp Graphocephala
(ryegrasses), Lolium atropunctata,
multiflorum (Italian Hemiptera,
ryegrass), Liquidambar Cercopidae:
styraciflua, Medicago sativa Philaenus
(alfalfa, lucerne), Morus alba spumarius
(murbei, mulberry), Nerium
Platanus occidentalis
(sycamore), Paspalum spp.,
Paspalum dilatatum (dallis
grass), Passiflora foetida
(red fruit passion flower),
Poaceae (grasses), Persea
- 591 -

COMMON NAME)
americana (avocad,
avocado), Prunus
angustifolia (Mountain
cherry tree), Prunus dulcis
(badam, almond), Prunus
plum), Pyrus communis (pir,
pear), Quercus rubra
(northern red oak), Rubus
spp. (blackberry, raspberry),
Sambucus spp. (Elderberry),
Salix spp., Taraxacum
officinale, Taraxacum
officinale complex
(dandelion), Trifolium spp.,
Trifolium (clover), Ulmus
(elm), Ulmus americana
(american elm), Vinca minor,
Vitis labrusca (fox grape),
Vitis rupestris (sand-grape),
grapevine)
56. Xylophilus ampelinus (Panagopoulos I Vitis vinifera (anggur, batang (stems) Africa: South Africa
1969) Willems et al. 1987; grapevine) Asia: Turkey
- 592 -

COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Xanthomonas ampelina Europe: Bosnia and
Panagopoulos 1969); Herzegovina, Croatia,
canker of grapevine, bacterial blight of France, Greece, Italy,
grapevine, black arm Moldova, Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Portugal, Serbia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland
10. MOLLICUTE

COMMON NAME)
1. Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris; I Ambrosia artemisiifolia akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
(Syn. Aster yellows phytoplasma (common ragweed), Allium batang (stems), America: Argentina,
group); cepa (bawang bombay, buah (fruits), Bermuda, Brazil,
tomato big bud; western aster yellows; onion), Alstroemeria (Inca bunga Canada, Colombia,
periwinkle little leaf; eastern aster lily), Anemone coronaria (inflorescences), Cuba, Guatemala,
yellows; purple coneflower yellows; (Poppy anemone), Apium daun (leaves) Mexico, Peru, Saint
- 593 -

COMMON NAME)
multiplier disease graveolens (seledri, celery), Vincent and the
Brassica napus var. napus Grenadines, USA
(rape), Brassica oleracea Asia: China, India,
var. capitata (kubis, Iran, Japan, Lebanon,
cabbage), Brassica oleracea Malaysia, Myanmar,
var. italica (broccoli), Pakistan, Republic of
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa Korea (South Korea),
(turnip), Catharanthus Taiwan, Thailand,
roseus (tapak dara, pink Turkey
periwinkle), Celtis australis Europe: Belarus,
(European nettle wood), Belgium, Czech
Cornus racemosa (gray Republic, Finland,
dogwood), Cryptotaenia France, Germany,
canadensis (honewort), Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Cucurbita pepo ( labu Lithuania, Poland,
kuning, zukini, zucchini), Portugal, Russian
Cyclamen persicum Federation, Spain, UK,
(cyclamens), Calendula Ukraine
officinalis (Pot marigold), Oceania: Australia
Conyza canadensis
(Canadian fleabane),
Callistephus chinensis
(China aster),
Chrysanthemum
coronarium (garland
- 594 -

COMMON NAME)
chrysanthemum),
Chrysanthemum frutescens
(marguerite), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Delphinium
hybrids (florist's larkspur),
Echinacea purpurea (purple
coneflower), Eucalyptus,
Eupatorium capillifolium
(Dog fennel), Euphorbia
poinsettia), Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Gladiolus
hybrids (sword lily),
Hydrangea macrophylla
(French hydrangea),
lettuce), Lotus corniculatus
(bird's-foot trefoil),
Lepidium draba (hoary
cress), Malva (mallow),
Morus bombycis (Japanese
mulberry), Myrtus
communis (myrtle), Olea
- 595 -

COMMON NAME)
(zaitun, olive), Opuntia sp.
(pricklypear), Papaver
rhoeas (common poppy),
Paulownia tomentosa
(paulownia), Primula sp.
(primrose), Petroselinum
crispum (peterseli, parsley),
Populus (poplars), Populus
nigra (black poplar),
Portulaca oleracea
(purslane), Prunus
armeniaca (aprikot,
apricot), Prunus persica
var. nucipersica (nectarine),
Prunus salicina (japanese
plum), Ranunculus
asiaticus (garden crowfoot),
(wild radish), Stellaria
media (common
chickweed), Santalum
album (Indian sandalwood),
Solanum melongena
(terung, eggplant,
aubergine), Solanum
- 596 -

COMMON NAME)
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Solidago
(goldenrod), Spiraea
tomentosa (hardhack),
Spinacia oleracea (spinach),
(tomat, tomato), Tagetes
patula (French marigold),
Trifolium repens (semanggi,
white clover), Trifolium
pratense (semanggi, purple
clover), Vaccinium
(blueberries), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine), Zea
mays (jagung, maize,corn)
2. Candidatus Phytoplasma mali; I Catharanthus roseus (tapak suluran Africa: Tunisia
(Syn. Apple proliferation phytoplasma); dara, pink periwinkle), (stolon), tunas America: USA
apple proliferation Corylus avellana, (buds, shoots), Asia: Turkey, Syria
Convolvulus arvensis bagian vegetatif Europe: Albania,
(bindweed), Cynodon lainnya Austria, Belarus,
dactylon (rumput bermuda, (vegetative Bosnia and
bermuda grass), Dahlia sp., materials) Herzegovina, Belgium,
Lilium sp., Malus Bulgaria, Croatia,
domesticum (apel, apple), Vektor: Czech Republic,
Malus spp., Prunus Hemiptera, Finland, France,
- 597 -

COMMON NAME)
armeniaca (aprikot, Cercopidae: Germany, Gibraltar,
apricot), Prunus avium (ceri Philaenus Greece, Hungary,
manis, sweet cherry), spumarius; Ireland, Italy, Kosovo,
Prunus domestica (prem, Hemiptera, Moldova, Montenegro,
plum), Prunus salicina Aphrophoridae: Netherlands, North
(Japanese plum), Pyrus Aphrophora Macedonia, Norway,
communis (pir, pear), Vitis alni, Lepyronia Poland, Romania,
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) coleoptrata; Russia, Serbia,
Hemiptera, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Psyllidae: Spain, Sweden,
Cacopsylla Switzerland, Ukraine,
costalis, United Kingdom
Cacopsylla Mali, Oceania: New Zealand
Cacopsylla picta
3. Candidatus Phytoplasma palmae; I Arecaceae, Arenga engleri, bibit (seedlings), Africa: Benin,
(Syn.Coconut lethal yellowing Borassus flabellifer biji (true seed) Cameroon, Ghana,
phytoplasma, Coconut lethal yellowing (siwalan, lontar, palmyra Kenya, Mozambique,
mycoplasma-like organism, palm lethal palm), Caryota mitis (fishtail Vektor: Nigeria, Tanzania,
yellowing phytoplasma); palm), Chrysalidocarpus Hemiptera, Togo
lethal yellowing of palm; Cape St Paul cabadae, Corypha utan, Cixiidae: America: Antigua and
disease; Cape Three Point disease; Dictyosperma album, Cocos Myndus crudus; Barbuda, Belize,
Keincope; Kribi nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Cicadellidae, Cayman Islands,
Elaeis guineensis (kelapa Fulgoridae Cuba, Dominica,
sawit, oil palm), Howea Guatemala, Guyana,
forsteriana, Hyophorbe Haiti, Honduras,
- 598 -

COMMON NAME)
verschaffeltii, Phoenix Jamaica, Mexico,
canariensis, Phoenix Netherland Antilles,
dactylifera (kurma, date Saint Kitts and Nevis,
palm), Phoenix reclinata, USA
Phoenix sylvestris, Latania Asia: India
spp., Livistona chinensis, Europe: Netherlands
Livistona rotundifolia, Oceania: Australia,
Pandanus utilis (pandan, Papua New Guinea
common screwpine),
Trachycarpus fortunei,
Veitchia macandielsii,
Veitchia merrillii
4. Candidatus
2 Phytoplasma pyri I Cydonia oblonga (quince), akar (roots), Africa: Libya, Tunisia
Seemuller and Schneider 2004; Malus domestica (apel, bahan America: Canada,
(Syn. Pear decline phytoplasma apple), Malus baccata perbanyakan Chile, USA
Seemuller et al. 1994); (siberian crab apple), vegetative Asia: Iran, Lebanon,
pear decline, apple rubbery wood; Prunus avium (ceri manis, (vegetative Turkey
quince chlorotic blotch; pear rubbery sweet cherry), Prunus propagative Europe: Albania,
wood disease cerasus (kersen, sour material, Austria, Azerbaijan,
cherry), Pyrus communis batang (stems), Belgium, Bosnia and
(pir, pear) bibit (seedlings), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
tanaman hasil Croatia, Czech
mikropropagasi Republic, France,
(micropropagate Germany, Greece,
d plants) Hungary, Italy,
- 599 -

COMMON NAME)
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Portugal, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
5. Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii; I Allium sativum (bawang akar (roots), America: Canada,
(Syn. Phytoplasma trifolii); putih, garlic), Araucaria batang (stems), Mexico, USA
Clover proliferation heterophylla (Norfolk Island umbi bulbs, Asia: China, Georgia,
pine), Brassica napus var. corms, tubers), India, Iran, Japan,
oleifera, Calotropis daun (leaves), Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia,
gigantean (Yercum fibre), bunga Uzbekistan
Catharanthus roseus (tapak (inflorescences), Europe: Armenia,
dara, pink periwinkle), buah (fruits) Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Dicentra spectabilis Bulgaria, Estonia,
(bleeding heart), Glycine Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
max (kedelai, soybean), Moldova, Poland,
Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Russian Federation,
lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum Ukraine
(tembakau, tobacco), Oceania: Australia,
Solanum lycopersicum Tonga
- 600 -

COMMON NAME)
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sauropus
androgynous (katuk, sweet
leaf), Trifolium hybridum
(Alsike clover), Trifolium
pratense (semanggi, purple
(semanggi, white clover),
Salix spp. (willows)
6. Grapevine flavescence doree I Chrysanthemum spp., Vitis suluran Europe: Austria,
phytoplasma; vinifera (anggur, grapevine) (stolon), tunas Croatia, France,
(Syn. Flavescence doree MLO, Vinca rosea (tapak dara, (buds, shoots), Germany, Hungary,
Flavescence doree mycoplasma like rosy periwinkle) bagian vegetatif Italy, Montenegro,
organism, Grapevine yellows); lainnya Netherlands, Portugal,
Flavescence doree of grapevine (vegetative Serbia, Slovenia,
materials) Spain, Switzerland
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae:
Scaphoideus
titanus
7. Spiroplasma citri (Saglio et al 1973).; I Armoracia rusticana bibit (seedlings) Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
citrus stubborn disease (horseradish), Brassica Vektor: Libya, Morocco,
rapa, Brassica nigra, Hemiptera, Somalia, Sudan,
- 601 -

COMMON NAME)
Brassica chinensis, Brassica Cicadellidae: Tunisia
pekinensis, Citrus Circulifer America: USA
aurantium (sour orange), tenellus, Asia: Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus Scaphytopius Jordan, Lebanon,
reticulata (mandarin), Citrus nitrides, Malaysia, Oman,
reticulata x paradisi Scaphytopiuacu Pakistan, Saudi
(tangelo), Citrus sinensis tus delongi, Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
(navel orange), Citrus Neoaliturus United Arab Emirates,
paradisi (grapefruit) haematoceps Yemen
Amaranthaceae, Europe: Cyprus,
Brassicaceae (cruciferous France, Italy, Spain
crops), Capsella bursa- Oceania: New Zealand
pastoris (shepherd's purse),
Chenopodiaceae, Citroncirus
webberi (citrange), Citrus
jambhiri (rough lemon),
Citrus limettioides (palestine
sweet lime), Citrus limonia
(mandarin lime), Citrus
madurensis (calamondin),
Citrus maxima (pummelo),
Citrus unshiu (satsuma),
Citrus spp., Cucurbita pepo
zuchini), Daucus carota
- 602 -

COMMON NAME)
(wortel, carrot), Digitalis
purpurea (foxglove),
Fortunella (kumkuat,
kumquat), Pisum sativum
(kapri, sweet pea),
Plantaginaceae, Plantago
ovata (spogel plantain),
(wild radish), Raphanus
Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass), Trifolium
pratense (semanggi merah,
red clover), Trifolium repens
clover), Vicia faba (kacang
babi, broad bean), Vinca
rosea (tapak dara, rosy
periwinkle)
8. Spiroplasma kunkelii (Whitcomb, Chen I Zea perennis, Zea mays akar (roots), America: Argentina,
et al. 1986); (jagung, corn, maize), Zea batang (stems), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
corn stunt disease, corn stunt mays subsp. mays (jagung daun (leaves) Colombia, El Salvador,
spiroplasma, maize stunt spiroplasma, manis, sweetcorn), Zea Guatemala, Honduras,
Rio Grande corn stunt mexicana (teosinte) Vektor: Jamaica, Mexico,
Hemiptera, Nicaragua, Panama,
- 603 -

COMMON NAME)
Cicadellidae: Paraguay, Peru, USA,
Dalbulus Venezuela
maydis,
Dalbulus
eliminatus,
Exitianus
exitiosus,
Graminella
nigrifons,
Stirellus bicolor
9. Strawberry lethal decline phytoplasma; I Fragaria sp., Fragaria akar (roots), America: Canada, USA
northwest disease ananassa (stroberi, batang (stems),
strawberry), Fragaria bibit tanaman
chiloensis (Chilean (seedlings),
strawberry), Fragaria vesca bunga
(wild strawberry) (inflorescences),
daun (leaves)
10. Sugarcane grassy shoot phytoplasma; I Brachiaria mutica, Cynodon batang (stems), Africa: Sudan
grassy shoot; grassy stunt; Sugarcane dactylon (rumput bermuda, mata tunas Asia: Bangladesh,
grassy shoot; bermuda grass), Imperata (buds), stek India, Iran, Japan,
arundinacea (alang-alang, (cuttings) Malaysia, Myanmar,
cogon grass), Pennisetum Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
purpureum, Saccharum Vektor: Lanka, Taiwan,
officinarum (tebu, Hemiptera, Thailand, Yemen
sugarcane), Saccharum Aphididae:
- 604 -

COMMON NAME)
spontaneum (wild Melanaphis
sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor sacchari f. sp
(sorgum, sorghum) indosacchari
11. Sugarcane ramu stunt phytoplasma; I Poaceae (grasses), batang (stems), Oceania: Papua New
ramu stunt disease Saccharum officinarum bibit (seedlings), Guinea
(tebu, sugarcane), mata tunas
Saccharum robustum (buds), stek
(robust cane), Saccharum (cuttings)
spontaneum (wild
sugarcane), Saccharum sp. Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Delphacidae:
Eumetopina
flavipes
12. Sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma; I Brachiaria subquadripara, akar (roots), Africa: Sudan
white leaf of sugarcane Chloris barbata, Cynodon batang (stems), Asia: Bangladesh,
dactylon (rumput bermuda, bunga China, India, Iran,
bermuda grass), (inflorescences), Japan, Myanmar,
Dactyloctenium egyptium daun (leaves), Nepal, Pakistan, Sri
(crowfoot grass), Saccharum stek (cuttings), Lanka, Taiwan,
officinarum (tebu, tunas (buds, Thailand
sugarcane), Saccharum shoots)
spontaneum, Saccharum
- 605 -

COMMON NAME)
edule (terubuk), Saccharum Vektor:
robustum (robust cane), Hemiptera,
Sporobolus fertilis Cicadellidae:
Matsumuratettix
hiroglyphicus,
Yamatotettix
flavovittatus
11. VIRUS (VIRUSES)

COMMON NAME)
1. African cassava mosaic begomovirus I Centrosema pubecens batang (stems Africa: Angola,
(ACMV); (centro), Glycine max (above ground), Benin, Burkina Faso,
(Syn. African cassava mosaic virus, (kedelai, soybean), Hewittia trunks, Burundi, Cameroon,
African cassava mosaic, Cassava sublobata, Jatropha sp., branches), Cape Verde, Central
latent virus, Cassava latent Laportea (Fluerya) aestuans, suluran African Republic,
geminivirus, Cassava mosaic virus, Leucaena leucocephala (stolons), tunas Chad, Congo, DR
Cassava African mosaic begomovirus, (leucaena), Manihot (shoots, buds), Congo, Equatorial
Indian cassava mosaic disease) esculenta (ubi kayu, umbi (bulbs, Guinea, Ethiopia,
- 606 -
cassava), Manihot glaziovii, corms, tubers) Gabon, Ghana,

Pueraria phaseoloides Guinea, Guinea-
(tropical kudzu), Ricinus Bissau, Ivory Coast,
spp. (jarak, castor), Senna Vektor: Kenya, Lesotho,
occidentalus (coffee senna) Bemesia tabacci Liberia, Madagascar,
(kutu kebul, Malawi, Mauritania,
white fly) Mauritius,
Mozambique,
Nigeria, Rwanda, São
Tomé and Príncipe ,
Sierra Leone, South
Africa, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo,
Uganda, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Asia: Cambodia, India,
Lao PDR (Laos),
Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Vietnam
2. Agropyron mosaic rymovirus (AgMV); I Bromus secalinus (Rye biji (true seeds, America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Agropyron mosaic mild isolate, brome), Elymus repens grains), suluran Europe: Finland
Agropyron mosaic virus, Agropyron (quackgrass), Elytrigia (stolons),
green mosaic virus, Agropyron yellow intermedia, Elytrigia repens, rimpang
mosaic virus, Agropyron streak mosaic Hordeum vulgare (barli, (rhizomes)
virus, Couch grass streak mosaic barley), Lolium multiflorum
virus, Marmor agropyri, Wheat virus 2) (Italian ryegrass), Vektor:
Lophopyrum elongatum, Poa Eriophyidae:
pratensis, Secale cereal Abacarus
(rye), Setaria viridis, hystrix
- 607 -

wheat), Triticum turgidum
(gandum, durum wheat),
Triticum durum (gandum
durum, durum wheat)
3. Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus (AMV); I Apium graveolens (seledri, akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Alfalfa virus 1&2, Alfalfa yellow celery), Cajanus cajan batang (stems Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
spot, Lucerne mosaic virus, Marmor (kacang gude, pigeon pea), (above ground), Morocco, Nigeria,
medicaginis, Potato calico virus) Capsicum annuum (cabai, trunks, South Africa, Sudan,
paprika, bell pepper), Cercis branches), bibit Tanzania, Tunisia,
siliquastrum (pohon Yudas, (seedlings, Zambia
Judas tree), Cicer arietinum micropropagate America: Argentina,
(kacang arab, chick pea), d plants), biji Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Coriandum sativum (true seeds, Colombia, Ecuador,
(ketumbar, coriander), grains), buah Mexico, Panama, Peru,
Cucurbitaceae, (fruits), daun USA, Venezuela
Cyphomandra betacea (leaves), polong Asia: Bangladesh,
(terung Belanda, tree (pods) China, India, Iran,
tomato), Euonymus Iraq, Israel, Japan,
japonicus, Eutrema wasabi Vektor: Jordan, Kyrgyzstan,
(wasabi), Glycine max Hemiptera, Lebanon, Myanmar,
(kedelai, soyabean), Aphididae: Nepal, Oman,
Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf, Acyrthosiphon Pakistan, Republic of
jute), Lactuca sativa (selada, pisum, Myzus Korea (South Korea),
lettuce), Lavandula latifolia persicae Saudi Arabia, Syria,
(lavender, lavender), Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Turkey, Uzbekistan,
lucerne), Nicotiana tabacum Yemen
(tembakau, tobacco), Europe: Austria,
Pelargonium (geranium), Belarus, Belgium,
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Pisum sativum (kacang Bosnia and

kapri, pea), Solanum Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
lycopersicum (tomat, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
tomato), Solanum Republic, Denmark,
melongena (terung, Finland, France,
aubergine, eggplant), Germany, Greece,
Solanum tuberosum Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
(kentang, potato), Trifolium Lithuania, North
incarnatum (semanggi Italia, Macedonia,
crimson clover), Trifolium Montenegro,
pratense (semanggi merah, Netherlands, Poland,
red clover), Trifolium repens Portugal,
(semanggi putih, white Romania,Russian
clover), Trifolium Federation, Serbia,
subterraneum, Viburnum Slovakia, Slovenia,
opulus (guelder rose), Vicia Spain, Switzerland,
faba (kacang babi, United Kingdom,
broadbean), Vigna angularis Ukraine
(kacang merah, kidney Oceania: Australia,
bean), Vigna radiata New Zealand
(kacang hijau, mung bean),
tunggak, cowpea), Vinca
minor (common periwinkle),
grapevine)
4. Andean potato latent tymovirus I Solanum, Solanum akar (roots), America: Argentina,
(APLV); tuberosum (kentang, batang (stems Bolivia, Chile,
(Syn. Andean potato latent virus, potato), Ullucus tuberosus (above ground), Colombia, Ecuador,
Potato Andean latent tymovirus, Potato (ulluco) trunks, Peru
- 609 -
Andean latent virus) branches),

bunga (flowers,
inflorescences,
cones, calyx),
bibit (seedlings,
micropropagate
d planted), biji
(true seeds,
grains), buah
(fruits), daun
(leaves), umbi
(bulbs, corms,
tubers)
Vektor:
Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae:
Epitrix sp.
5. Andean potato mottle comovirus I Capsicum annuum (cabai, akar (roots), America: Argentina,
(APMoV); paprika, bell pepper), batang (stems Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,
(Syn. Potato Andean mottle comovirus, Capsicum frustescens (above ground), Colombia, Costa Rica,
Potato Andean mottle virus, Andean (cabai, chili), Capsicum trunks, Ecuador, Honduras,
mottle of potato) chinense (habanero pepper), branches), bibit Nicaragua, Peru
Solanum aethiopicum (seedlings,
(African scarlet eggplant), micropropagate
Solanum lycopersicum d plants), buah
(tomat, tomato), Solanum (fruits), bunga
melongena (terung, (flowers,
aubergine, eggplant), inflorescences,
Solanum sisymbrifolium cones, calyx),
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(sticky nightshade), daun (leaves),

Solanum tuberosum tanaman (whole
(kentang, potato) plants), umbi
(bulbs, corms,
tubers)
Vektor:
Coleoptera:
Chrysomelidae
6. Apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus I Amelanchier canadensis batang (stems Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(ACLSV); (thicket serviceberry), (above ground), Ethiopia, Morocco,
(Syn. Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Capsicum annuum (cabai, trunks, South Africa, Tunisia
Apple latent virus type 1, Apple latent paprika, bell pepper), branches), America: Argentina,
1 virus, Bark split virus, Peach green Chaenomeles (flowering daun (leaves), Brazil, Canada, Chile,
mottle virus, Pear ring pattern mosaic quinces), Crataegus kayu (woods), Uruguay, USA
virus, Pear ring mosaic virus, Pear ring monogyna (hawthorn), tunas (shoots, Asia: Afghanistan,
pattern mosaic virus, Plum bark split Crataegus rhipidophylla buds) China, Georgia, India,
virus, Plum pseudopox virus, Quince (Midland hawthorn), Iran, Iraq, Israel,
stunt virus, Apricot butteratura) Cydonia oblonga (quince), Japan, Jordan,
Malus (ornamental species Kazakhstan, Lebanon,
apple), Malus domestica Republic of Korea
(apel, apple), Malus (South Korea), Syria,
platycarpa (big fruit crab Taiwan, Turkey
apple), Mespilus germanica Europe: Albania,
(medlar), Prunus armeniaca Austria, Belarus,
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus Belgium, Bosnia and
avium (ceri, sweet cherry), Herzegovia, Bulgaria,
Prunus cerasifera Croatia, Czech
(myrobalan plum), Prunus Republic, Denmark,
cerasus (kersen, sour Finland, France,
- 611 -
cherry), Prunus domestica Germany, Greece,

(prem, plum), Prunus Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
persica (persik, peach), Malta, Moldova,
Prunus salicina (Japanese Montenegro,
plum), Prunus spinosa Netherlands, North
(blackthorn), Prunus Macedonia, Norway,
tomentosa (Nanking cherry Poland, Portugal,
tree), Pyrus communis (pir, Romania, Russian
pear), Pyrus pyrifolia Federation, Serbia,
(Oriental pear tree), Slovakia, Slovenia,
Solanum lycopersicum Spain, Sweeden,
(tomat, tomato), Solanum Switzerland, Ukraine,
tuberosum (kentang, United Kingdom
potato), Sorbus aucuparia Oceania: Australia,
(mountain ash) New Zealand
7. Apple fruit crinkle apscaviroid I Diospyros kaki (Japanese batang (stems America: USA
(AFCVd); persimmon), Malus (above ground), Asia: Japan
(Syn. Apple green crinkle disease, domestica (apel, apple) trunks,
Apple green crinkle, Apple fruit crinkle branches),
apscaviroid) daun (leaves),
tanaman (whole
plants), tunas
(shoots, buds)
8. Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV); I Artemisia vulgaris akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Kenya,
(Syn. Apple mosaic ilarvirus, European (mugwort), Betula sp. batang (stems Maroco, South Africa,
plumline pattern virus, Mountain ash (birch), Betula pendula, (above ground), Tunisia, Zimbabwe
variegation virus, Birch line pattern Common silver birch, trunks, America: Argentina,
virus, Birch ringspot virus, Dutch plum Campanula (campanulas), branches), Brazil, Canada, Chile,
line pattern virus, Hop A virus, Horse Clematis vitalba (old man’s buah (fruit), Mexico, USA, Uruguay
chestnut yellow mosaic virus, Rose beard), Corylys, Corylus polong (pods), Asia: Bangladesh,
- 612 -
mosaic virus, Hop virus A, Hop virus C, avellana (hazel), Cydonia bunga (flowers, China, India, Japan,
Mild apple mosaic virus, Severe apple oblongata (quince), Cucumis inflorescences, Jordan, Lebanon,
mosaic virus, chestnut mosaic) sativus (mentimun, cones, calyx), Syria, Turkey
cucumber), Fragaria sp., tunas (shoots, Europe: Albania,
Humulus lupulus (common buds) Austria, Azerbaijan,
hop), Malus sp. (ornamental Belarus, Belgium,
species apple), Malus Bosnia and
domestica (apel, apple), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Malus sylvestris (crab apple Belarus, Croatia,
tree), Prunus sp. (stone Cyprus, Czech
fruit), Prunus americana Republic, Denmark,
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus Finland, France,
avium (ceri, sweet cherry), Germany, Greece,
Prunus domestica (prem, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
plum), Prunus dulcis North Macedonia,
(almon, badam, almond), Montenegro,
Prunus persica (persik, Netherlands, Norway,
peach), Ribes rubrum, Rosa Poland, Portugal,
sp. (mawar, rose), Rubus Romania, Russia,
spp., Rubus canescens, Serbia, Slovakia,
Rubus occidentalis (black Slovenia, Spain,
raspberry), Rubus Sweden, Switzerland,
parviflorus (thimbleberry), United Kingdom,
Salvia verbenaca, Scandix, Ukraine
Vigna unguiculata (kacang Oceania: Australia,
tunggak, cowpea) New Zealand
9. Apple stem grooving capillovirus I Aronia melanocarpa (black akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
(ASGV); chokeberry), Citrus sp. batang (stems Morocco, South Africa,
(Syn. Apple topworking disease,Apple (jeruk, orange), Cotoneaster (above ground), Swaziland, Tunisia
brown line virus, Apple dark green sp., Cotoneaster bullatus trunks, America: Brazil,
- 613 -
epinasty virus, Apple E36 virus, Apple (hollyberry cotoneaster), branches), Canada, Netherlands
latent virus type 2, Apple stem Cydonia oblonga (quince), biji (true seeds, Antilles, USA
grooving capillovirus, Apple top Lilium sp. (lili, lilium), grain), bunga Asia: China, DPR
working disease, brown line virus Malus sp. (ornamental (flowers, Korea (North Korea),
disease, Chenopodium dark green species apple), Malus inflorescences, Georgia, India, Israel,
epinasty virus, Citrange stunt virus, micromalus (Kaido crab cones, calyxs), Japan, Jordan, Nepal,
Citrus tatter leaf virus, Crab apple apple), Malus pumila (apel, daun (leaves), Lebanon, Nepal,
decline, Brown line virus disease, common apple), Malus sp., kayu (woods), Pakistan, Republic of
Chenopodium dark green epi-nasty Malus sylvestris (crab apple tanaman (whole Korea (South Korea),
virus, Crab stem grooving virus, tree), Malus toringo (toringo plants) Syria, Taiwan, Turkey
Virginia crab apple decline, Virginia crab), Prunus armeniaca Europe: Albania,
crab stem grooving virus) (aprikot, apricot), Prunus Austria, Belgium,
avium (ceri, sweet cherry), Bosnia and
Prunus mume (aprikot Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Jepang, Japan apricot), Croatia, Czech
Pyronia veitchii, Pyrus Republic, Denmark,
communis (pir, pear), Pyrus France, Germany,
pyrifolia (Oriental pear tree), Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Sorbus aucuparia Latvia, Lithuania,
(European mountain ash) North Macedonia,
Montenegro,
Netherlands,
Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
United Kingdom,
Ukraine
- 614 -
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
10. Apple stem pitting foveavirus (ASPV); I Crataegus monogyna tanaman (whole Africa: Ethiopia, South
(Syn. Apple Spy 227 epinasty & (hawthorn), Cydonia plants) Africa, Tunisia
decline, Pear stony pit, Quince sooty oblonga (quince), Malus America: Argentina,
ringspot, Pear vein yellows, Pear red pumila (apel, common Brazil, Canada,
mottle) apple), Malus sylvestris Uruguay, USA
(crab apple tree), Malus Asia: China, Georgia,
toringo (toringo crab), India, Iran, Israel,
Prunus (stone fruit), Pyronia Japan, Kazakhstan,
veitchii, Pyrus sp. (pir, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
pears), Pyrus communis (pir, Republic of Korea
pear), Sorbus discolor (South Korea),
(barcham trees) Tajikistan, Taiwan,
Turkmenistan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
Belarus, Belgium,
Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania,
North Macedonia,
Montenegro,
- 615 -
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
11. Arabis mosaic nepovirus (ArMV); I Alstroemeria (peruvian lily), biji (true seeds, Africa: Egypt, South
(Syn. Arabis mosaic virus, Ash ring Anagallis arvensis (scarlet grains), Africa
and line pattern virus, Hop nettlehead pimpernel), Apium tanaman (whole America: Canada,
virus, Raspberry yellow dwarf virus, graveolens var. dulce plants) Chile, USA
Rhubarb mosaic virus, Forsythia (seledri, celery), Armoracia Asia: India, Iran,
yellow net virus, Jasmine yellow blotch rusticana (horseradish), Vektor: Israel, Japan,
virus, Rhabarber-Mosaik-Virus, Asparagus officinalis Dorylaimida, Kazakhstan, Lebanon,
rhubarb mosaic virus, hope bare-bine) (asparagus, asparagus), Longidoridae: Syria, Turkey
Astilbe sp., Bellis perennis Xiphinema Europe: Austria,
(daisy), Beta vulgaris (bit, diversicaudatu Belarus, Belgium,
beet root), Buxus m, Xiphinema Bulgaria, Bosnia and
sempervirens (common madierense, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
box), Capsella bursa- Xiphinema coxi Czech Republic,
pastoris (shepherd’s purse), Denmark, Finland,
Carum segetum, France, Germany,
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
(Port Orford Cedar), Latvia, Lithuania,
Cucumis sativus Luxemburg, Republic
(mentimun, cucumber), of Moldova,
Cucurbita pepo (labu Montenegro,
- 616 -
kuning, zukini, zucchini), Netherlands, North

Cyphomandra betacea Macedonia, Norway,
(terung Belanda, tree Poland, Romania,
tomato), Daphne mezereum Russian Federation,
(mezereon), Daucus carota Serbia, Slovakia,
(wortel, carrot), Dianthus Slovenia, Spain,
caryophyllus (anyelir, Sweden, Switzerland,
carnation), Forsythia United Kingdom,
intermedia (showy Ukraine
forsythia), Fragaria sp. Oceania: Australia,
(stroberi, strawberry), Caroline Islands, New
Fragaria vesca (stoberi liar, Zealand
wild srawberry), Fraxinus
excelsior (ash), Fraxinus sp.
(ash), Hordeum vulgare
(barli, barley), Humulus
lupulus (common hop),
Jasminum officinale (melati
putih, common jasmine),
lettuce), Lamium
amplexicaule (henbit),
Ligustrum vulgare (common
privet), Melilotus officinalis
(yellow sweet clover),
Mentha arvensis (bijanggut,
wild mint), Narsisus sp.
(daffodil), Phaseolus
coccineus (runner beans),
Plantago lanceolata (ribwort
- 617 -
plantain), Polygonum
aviculare (prostrate
knotweed), Polygonum
persicaria (spotted
ladystumb), Prunus avium
(ceri, sweet cherry), Prunus
peach), Ranunculus repens
(creeping buttercup),
Rheum rhaponticum
(rhubarb), Ribes nigrum
(backcurrant), Ribes sp.
(white currant), Rosa spp.
(mawar, rose), Rubus
procerus (Himalayan giant
blackberry), Rubus idaeus
(rasberi, raspberry), Rubus
sp., Sambucus nigra
(American elder), Senecio
vulgaris (groundsel),
black nightshade), Stellaria
Taraxacum officinale
(jombang, dandelion),
Trifolium repens (semanggi
putih, white clover), Tulipa
- 618 -
spp. (tulip), Urtica dioica

(stinging nettle), Urtica
urens (annual nettle), Vitis
12. Arracacha virus B (AVB); I Arracacia xanthorrhiza bibit (seedling, America: Bolivia, Peru
(Syn. Arracacha B 'nepovirus, (arracacha), Brassica micropropagate
Arracacha B nepovirus (oca strain), campestris subsp. rapa d plants), biji
Arracacha virus B (oca strain)) (Brassica rapa var. rapa) (true seeds,
(turnip, mustrard), grains), daun
Capsicum annuum (cabai, (leaves), sulur
paprika, bell pepper), (stolon), umbi
Hyoscyamus niger (bulbs, corms,
(henbane), Oxalis tuberosa tubers)
(oca), Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea)
13. Artichoke Italian latent nepovirus I Cichorium intybus (chicory), batang (stems Europe: Bulgaria,
(AILV); Crepis neglecta, Cynara (above ground), Greece, Italy
(Syn. Artichoke Italian latent virus) scolymus (arthicoke), trunks,
Gladiolus hybrids (gladiol), branches), bibit
Helminthea echinoides, (seedling,
Hypochaeris achryrophus, micropropagate
Lactuca virosa (bitter d plants), biji
lettuce), Lamium (true seeds,
amplexicaule (henbit grains), daun
deadnettle), Papaver rhoes (leaves), sulur
(common poppy), (stolon), tunas
Pelargonium zonale hybrids (shoots, buds)
(pelargonium), Sonchus
- 619 -
(Sowthistle), Urospermum Vektor:

delechampii, Vitis vinifera Dorylaimida,
(anggur, grapevine) Longidoridae:
Longidorus
apulus
14. Asparagus virus 2 ilarvirus (AV-2); I Asparagus sp., Asparagus biji (true seeds, America: Canada,
(Syn. Asparagus 2 ilarvirus, officinalis (asparagus, grains), polen Mexico, USA
Asparagus ilarvirus 2, asparagus), Chenopodium (pollens), tunas Asia: Japan
Asparagus virus C, Asparagus latent quinona, Nicotiana tabacum (shoots, buds) Europe: Denmark,
virus II) (tembakau, tobacco), Germany, Italy,
Nicotiana benthamiana Vektor: Myzus Netherlands, United
persicae Kingdom
15. Avocado sunblotch avsunviroid I Persea americana (avokad, batang (stems Africa: Ghana, South
(ASBVd); avocado), Cinnamomum (above ground), Africa
(Syn. Avocado sunblotch viroid, camphora (camphor laurel), trunks, America: Guatemala,
Sunblotch viroid (avocado), avocado Cinnamomum zeylanicum branches), Mexico, Peru, USA,
sunblotch) (ceylon cinnamon), Ocelea buah (fruits), Venezuela
bullata (black stinkwood) bunga (flowers, Asia: Israel
inflorescences, Europe: Greece, Spain
cones, calyx), Oceania: Australia
biji (true seeds,
grains), bibit
(seedlings,
micropropagate
d plants), daun
(leaves),
kulit batang
(barks), polong
(pods), tunas
(shoots, buds)
- 620 -
16. Banana bract mosaic potyvirus I Alpinia purpurata (flowering bibit (seedlings, America: Colombia,
(BBrMV); ginger), Elettaria micropropagate Ecuador
(Syn. Banana bract mosaic virus) cardamomum (cardamom), d plants), Asia: India,
Musa sp. (pisang, banana), tanaman (whole Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Musa paradisiaca (pisang, plants) Thailand, Vietnam
banana) Oceania: Samoa
Vektor: Aphids
17. Barley stripe mosaic hordeivirus I Avena sativa (oat, oats), biji (true seeds, Africa: Egypt, South
(BSMV); Hordeum vulgare (barli, grains), polen Africa, Tunisia, Zambia
(Syn. Barley stripe mosaic virus, barley), Oryza sativa (padi, (pollens) America: Argentina,
Barley false stripe virus, Barley mosaic paddy, rice), Panicum spp. Brazil, Canada,
virus, Oat stripe mosaic virus, Barley (millet), Secale cereale (rye), Mexico, Peru, USA
mild stripe virus, Barley yellow stripe Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Asia: China, Israel,
(possibly, stripe mosaic of barley)) sorghum), Triticum aestivum Japan, Jordan,
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays Lebanon, Pakistan,
(jagung, corn, maize) Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Syria,
Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
Greece, Hungary,
North Macedonia,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
- 621 -
Oceonia: Australia,
New Zealand
18. Barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV); I Agropyrin desertorum batang (stems Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Barley yellow dwarf virus; Maize (crested wheatgrass), (above ground), Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
leaf fleck virus; Wheat cereal yellow Agrostis stolonifera trunks, Morocco, Mozambique,
dwarf virus; (creeping bentgrass), branches), South Africa,
Rice giallume virus; Hordeum virus Anthoraxanthum odoratum daun (leaves), Tanzania, Tunisia,
nanescens; Red leaf disease of barley, (sweet vernal grass), sulur (stolon), Zimbabwe
barley yellow dwarf) Arrhenatherum elatius (false tanaman (whole America: Argentina,
oatgrass), Avena fatua (wild plants) Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
oats), Avena sativa (oat, Chile, Colombia,
oats), Bromus sp. Vektor: Dominican Republic,
(bromegrasses), Bromus Hemiptera, Ecuador, French
catharticus (prairiegrass), Aphididae: Guiana, Mexico,
Bromus rubens (red brome), Aulocorthum Paraguay, Peru,
Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda circumflexum Uruguay, USA,
grass), Dactylus glomerata (Amphorophora Venezuela
(cocksfoot), Digitaria circumflexa, Asia: Azerbaijan,
sanguinalis (large Macrosiphum China, India, Iran,
crabgrass), Echinochloa crus circumflexa, Israel, Japan, Jordan,
galli (barnyard grass), Myzus Lebanon, Nepal,
Elymus repens circumflexus, Pakistan, Syria,
(quackgrass), Eragrostis Aulacorthum Thailand, Turkey
curvula (weeping lovegrass), circumflexum, Europe: Belgium,
Festuca (fescues), Festuca Siphonophora Bosnia and
arubdinacea (tall fescue), circumflexa), Herzegovina, Croatia,
Festuca ovina (Sheeps Ceruraphis Czech Republic,
fescue), Festuca pratensis eriophori, Denmark, France,
(meadow fescue), Festuca Metopolophium Germany, Greece,
- 622 -
rubra (red fescue), Hordeum dirhodum Hungary, Ireland, Italy,

vulgare (barli, barley), (Acyrthosiphon North Macedonia,
Leersia oryzoides (rice dirhodum), Montenegro,
cutgrass), Lolium Myzus persicae, Netherlands, Norway,
(ryegrasses), Lolium Rhopalosiphum Poland, Portugal,
multiflorum (Italian insertum Russian Federation,
ryegrass), Lolium perenne (Rhopalosiphum Serbia, Slovakia,
(perennial ryegrass), annuae, Slovenia, Spain,
Miscanthus sinensis Rhopalosiphum Sweden, Switzerland,
(Eulalia), Oryza sativa fitchii), United Kingdom,
(padi, paddy, rice), Panicum Rhopalosiphum Ukraine
milliaceum (milet), maidis (Aphis Oceania: Australia,
Paspalum dilatatum maydis), French Southern and
(dallisgrass), Pennisetum Rhopalosiphum Antarctic Land, New
clandestinum (kikuyu padi (Anuraphis Zealand
grass), Phleum pratense padi,
(timothy), Phragmites (reed), Rhopalosiphum
Poa annua (annual prunifoliae);
meadoegrass), Poaceae Rhopalosiphum
(grasses), rufiabdominalis,
Saccharumofficinarum Schizaphis
(tebu, sugarcane), Secale graminum
cereale (rye), Setaria italica (Toxoptera
(foxtail millet), Sorghum graminum),
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Sipha
Sorghum halepense agropyrella,
(Johnson grass), Trifolium Macrosiphum
repens (semanggi putih, avenae
white clover), Triticum (Macrosiphum
aestivum (gandum, wheat), granarium,
- 623 -
Triticum turgidum (gandum Sitobion

durum, durum wheat), Zea avenae),
mays (jagung, corn, maize) Macrosiphum
fragariae
(Sitobion
fragariae)
19. Bean golden mosaic begomovirus I Cajanus cajan (kacang tanaman (whole Africa: Nigeria
(BGMV); gude, pigeon pea), plants) America: Argentina,
(Syn. Bean golden mosaic Calopogonium mucunoides, Bolivia, Brazil,
bigeminivirus, Bean golden mosaic Euphorbia (spurges), Glycine Vektor: Colombia, Costa Rica,
geminivirus, Bean golden mosaic virus max (kedelai, soyabean), Hemiptera: Cuba, Dominica,
(type 1) Brazil, Nicotiana tabacum Aleyrodidae: Guatemala, Jamaica,
Caribbean mosaico dorado, Bean (tobacco), Pachyrhizus Bemesia tabaci Mexico, Nicaragua,
calico mosaic begomovirus erosus, Phaseolus Puerto Rico, USA,
acutifolius, Phaseolus Venezuela
coccineus, Phaseolus
lathyroides, Phaseolus
lunatus (kacang koro, lima
bean), Phaseolus sp.
(beans), Phyllanthus, Vigna
angularis (kacang merah,
kidney bean), Vigna mungo
(black gram), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea)
20. Bean pod mottle comovirus (BPMV); I Fabaceae (leguminous biji (true seeds, America: Brazil,
(Syn. Bean pod mottle virus, plants), Glycine max grains) Canada, Ecuador,
Desmodium virus, pod mottle virus) (kedelai, soyabean), Peru, USA
Phaseolus spp. (beans), Vektor: Asia: Iran
- 624 -
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Coleoptera,

common bean) Chrysomelidae:
Cerotoma
trifurcate,
Diabrotica
balteata, D.
undecimpunctat
a, Colaspis
flavida, C. lata,
Coleoptera,
Coccinelidae:
Epilachna
varivestis, E.
vittata
21. Beet curly top curtovirus (BCTV); I Apium graveolen (seledri, daun (leaves), Africa: Egypt, Ivory
(Syn. Beet curly top virus, Beet curly celery), Beta vulgaris (bit, tanaman (whole Coast,
top geminivirus, Beet curly top beet root), Beta vulgaris var. plants), umbi America: Argentina,
hybrigeminivirus, Sugarbeet curly top saccharivera (bit gula, (bulbs, corms, Bolivia, Canada, Costa
virus,Tomato yellow virus, Sugar beet sugar beet), Capsicum tubers) Rica, Mexico, USA,
curly-leaf virus, Sugarbeet virus 1, (peppers), Capsicum Uruguay
Tomato yellows virus, Western yellow annuum (cabai, paprika, Vektor: Asia: India, Iran,
blight virus, Potato green dwarf virus, bell pepper), Capsicum Hemiptera, Israel, Japan, Turkey
curly top) frustescens (chili), Cicadellidae: Europe: Cyprus, Italy
Cucurbitaceae, Cucumis Neoaliturus
melo (melon), Cucumis tenellus, N.
sativus (mentimun, opacipennis
cucumber), Linum
usitatissimum (flax),
Nicotiana tabacum
- 625 -

common bean), Solanum
tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Vigna unguiculata
(kacang tunggak, cowpea)
22. Beet leaf curl rhabdovirus (BLCV); I Atriplex patula (spear akar (roots), Europe: Germany,
(Syn. Beet leaf curl virus, Beta virus 3, saltbush), Beta spp., Beta batang (stems Poland
RubenkrSusel-Virus, Rübenkräusel vulgaris (bit, beet root), Beta (above ground), Asia: Turkey
sugar beet leaf crinkle virus, Sugar vulgaris var. saccharifera trunks,
beet leaf curl rhabdo virus, Sugar beet (bit gula, sugar beet), branches),
virus 3, Beet leaf crinkle virus, Sugar Spinacia oleracea (bayam, daun (leaves),
beet leaf curl virus, leaf curl) spinach), Tetragonia umbi (bulbs,
tetragonioides (New Zealand corms, tubers),
spinach) tanaman (whole
plants), tunas
(shoots, buds)
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Piesmidae:
Piesma
quadratum
23. Broad bean wilt virus -1 strain (BBWV); I Apium graveolens (seledri, akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
(Syn. Broad bean wilt fabavirus, celery), Beta vulgaris var. batang (stems Morocco, South Africa,
Catalpa chlorotic leaf spot virus, saccharifera (bit, sugar (above ground), Sudan, Tanzania,
Laminum mild virus Nasturtium beet), Brassica napus var. trunks, Tunisia
ringspot virus, Nasturtium white spot napus (rape), Brassica rapa branches), biji America: Argentina,
virus, Patchouli mild mottle virus, subsp. chinensis (Chinese (true seeds, USA
- 626 -
Patchouli mild mosaic virus, Petunia cabbage), Capsicum grains), daun Asia: Bangladesh,
ringspot virus, Pea streak virus, annuum (cabai, paprika, (leaves), bunga China, DPR Korea
Tropaeolum ringspot virus) bell pepper), Capsicum (flowers), buah (North Korea), India,
frutescens (cabai, chilli), (fruits), polong Iran, Iraq, Japan,
Cicer arietinum (kacang (pods) Jordan, Philippines,
arab, chickpea), Cynara Singapore, Republic of
cardunculus L. var. Vektor: Aphid Korea (South Korea),
scolymus (globe artichoke), (Myzus Syria, Taiwan, Turkey
Daucus carota (wortel, persicae) Europe: Bosnia and
carrot), Glycine max Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
(kedelai, soyabean), Lactuca Croatia, Czech
sativa (letus, lettuce), Republic, France,
Nicotiana tabacum Germany, Greece,
(tembakau, tobacco), Hungary, Italy, Kosovo,
Petroselinum crispum North Macedonia,
(peterseli, parsley), Petunia Montenegro, Poland,
hybrida (petunia), Serbia, Slovakia,
Phaseolus lunatus (kacang Slovenia, Spain, United
koro, lima bean), Phaseolus Kingdom
vulgaris (buncis, common Oceania: Australia,
bean), Pisum sativum New Zealand
(kacang kapri, pea),
(tomat, tomato), Spinacia
Tropaeolum majus (common
nasturtium), Vicia faba
(kacang babi, broad bean),
- 627 -
Vigna angularis (kacang

merah, kidney bean), Vigna
radiata (kacang hijau,
mung bean), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea), Vitis
24. Brome mosaic bromovirus (BMV); I Avena sativa (oats, oats), rimpang Africa: South Africa
(Syn. Brome mosaic virus, Marmor Bromus (bromegrasses), (rhizome), sulur America: Canada,
graminis, Ryegrass streak virus, Bromus inermis (awnless (stolons), Mexico, USA Europe:
Trespen gras mosaik virus, Weidel gras brome), Chenopodium tanaman (whole Estonia, Federation,
mosaik virus) quinona (quinona), plants) Hungary, Lithuania,
Commelina communis Russian Federation,
(common dayflower), Sweden
Commelina diffusa Oceania: Australia
(spreading dayflower),
barley), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy, rice), Poaceae
(grasses), Triticum aestivum
unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea), Zea mays
25. Carnation ringspot dianthovirus I Dianthus spp., Dianthus akar (roots), America: Canada,
(CRSV); barbatus (sweet williams), batang (stems Brazil, Colombia,
(Syn. Carnation ringspot virus) Dianthus caryophyllus (above ground), Mexico, USA
(carnation), Malus sylvestris trunks, Asia: India
(crab apple tree), Prunus branches), Europe: Denmark,
avium (ceri, sweet cherry), bunga (flower, Finland, France,
- 628 -
Prunus cerasus (kersen, inflorescenes, Germany, Italy,

sour cherry), Prunus cones, calyx), Lithuania,
domestica (prem, plum), biji (true seed), Netherlands, Poland,
Pyrus communis (pir, pear), bibit (seedlings, Russian Federation,
Prunus salicina (Japanese micropropagate United Kingdom
plum), Stellania media d plants), daun Oceania: Australia,
(common chickweed), Urtica (leaves), plantlet New Zealand
urens (annual nettle), Vitis (planlets),
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) suluran
(stolon), tunas
(shoots, buds)
vektor:
Nematoda
Longidorus
elongatus,
Longidorus
macrosoma;
Xiphinema
diversicaudatu
m
26. Carnation necrotic fleck closterovirus I Dianthus barbatus, akar (roots), America: Colombia,
(CNFV); Dianthus caryophyllus batang (stems USA, Venezuela
(Syn. Carnation necrotic fleck virus, (anyelir), Dianthus (above ground), Asia: India, Israel,
Carnation streak virus Poupet et al. chinensis, Saponaria trunks, Japan, Republic of
(1975), vaccaria, Silene armeria branches), bibit Korea (South Korea),
Carnation yellow fleck virus Smookler (seedlings, Sri Lanka
& Loebenstein (1974)) micropropagate Europe: Belgium,
d plants), Bosnia and
bunga (flowers, Herzegovina, Croatia,
- 629 -
inflorescences, Czech Republic,

cones, calyx), Finland, France,
daun (leaves), Germany, Italy, Latvia,
tunas (shoots, Lithuania, Montenegro,
buds) Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Serbia,
Vektor: Slovakia, Slovenia,
Hemiptera, Spain, United Kingdom
Aphididae: Oceania: Australia,
Myzus persicae New Zealand
27. Cassava brown streak ipomovirus I Manihot esculenta (ubi batang (stems Africa: Angola,
(CBSaV); kayu, cassava), Manihot (above ground), Burundi, DR Congo,
(Syn.Cassava brown streak carlavirus, glaziovii (ceara rubber) trunks, Comoros, Equatorial
Cassava brown streak potyvirus, branches), Guinea, Kenya,
Cassava brown streak-associated (?) tanaman (whole Malawi, Mayotte,
carlavirus, Ugandan cassava brown plant) Mozambique, Rwanda,
streak virus) Tanzania, Uganda,
Vektor: Zambia
Bemesia
tabbaci (kutu
kebul, white fly)
28. Cereal yellow dwarf polerovirus-RPV I Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, South
(CYDRV); Hordeum vulgare (barli, batang (stems Africa, Tunisia
(Syn.Cereal yellow dwarf virus) barley), Secale cereale (rye), (above ground), America: Canada,
Triticum aestivum (gandum, trunks, Ecuador, Mexico, USA
wheat), Triticum turgidum branches), Asia: Azerbaijan,
(gandum durum, durum daun (leaves), China, India, Israel,
wheat) bunga (fruits), Japan, Jordan,
tanaman (whole Pakistan
plants) Europe: Belgium,
- 630 -
Czech Republic,
Vektor: Denmark, France,
Rhopalosiphum Germany, Hungary,
padi Ireland, Italy,
Russia, Slovakia,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
29. Cherry leafroll nepovirus (CLRV); I Betula spp. (birches), Betula batang (stems Africa: Egypt, Tunisia
(Syn. Cherry leafroll virus, Golden pendula (common silver (above ground), America: Canada,
elderberry virus, walnut ringspot) birch), Canarium ovatum trunks, Peru, USA
(kenari, canary), Cornus branches), biji Asia: China, Iran,
(flowering dogwood), (true seeds, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Delphinium hybrids (florist's grains), polen Europe: Albania,
larkspur), Fagus sylvatica (pollens) Austria, Belgium,
(common beech), Fraxinus Bulgaria, Bosnia and
excelsior (ash), Hydrangea Herzegovia, Croatia,
macrophylla, Juglans spp. Czech Republic,
(walnut), Juglans regia Finland, France,
(walnut), Ligustrum (privet), Germany, Greece,
Malus domestica (apel, Hungary, Italy,
apple), Nasturtium sp., Moldova, Montenegro,
Pelargonium spp. Netherlands, Norway,
(pelargonium), Plantago Poland, Portugal,
(plantain), Prunus avium Romania, Russian
(ceri, sweet cherry), Ptelea Federation, Serbia,
trifoliata (hoptree), Rubus Slovakia, Slovenia,
- 631 -
idaeus (rasberi, raspberry), Spain, Switzerland,

Rubus procerus (Himalayan United Kingdom
Giant Blackberry), Rumex Oceania: Australia,
(Dock), Sambucus French Southern and
canadensis (American Antarctic Territories,
elder), Sambucus racemosa New Zealand
(red-berried elder), Solanum
acaule (wild potato), Syringa
vulgaris (lilac), Ulmus
(elms), Ulmus americana
(American elm), Vaccinium
darrowii
30. Cherry rasp leaf cheravirus (CRLV); I Balsamorhiza sagittata, batang (stems America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Apple flat apple virus, Cherry Hydrangea macrophylla (above ground), Oceania: New Zealand
rasp leaf virus, Flat apple virus) (Bigleaf Hydrangea), Malus trunks,
domestica (apel, apple), branches), biji
Malus sylvestris (crab apple (true seeds,
tree), Plantago mayor (broad grains), polen
leaved plantain), Prunus (pollen),
avium (ceri, sweet cherry), tanaman (whole
Prunus cerasus (kersen, plants), tunas
sour cherry), Prunus (shoots, buds)
Prunus persica (persik, Vektor:
peach), Prunus Rubus spp., Xiphinema spp.
Rubus ideaus (raspberry),
Taraxacum (dandelion)
31. Citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus (CiLRV); I Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), biji (true seeds, America: Costa Rica,
(Syn.Citrus leaf rugose ilarvirus, Citrus Citrus aurantifolia (jeruk grains), okulasi USA
variegation virus, Citrus crinkly leaf nipis, lime), Citrus limon (grafting), tunas Europe: Turkey
- 632 -
ilarvirus, Citrus variegation ilarvirus) (lemon), Citrus paradisi (shoots, buds) Oceania: Australia
(grapefruit), Citrus sinensis
(sweet orange), Citrus
reticulata (satsuma),
common bean),
Catharanthus roseus (pink
periwinkle), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea)
32. Clover yellow vein potyvirus (CYVV); I Alysicarpus vaginalis (alyce batang (stems America: Canada,
(Syn. Bean yellow mosaic virus-S clover), Borago officinalis (above ground), Colombia, USA
(severe strain), Bean yellow mosaic (Borage), Coriandrum trunks, Asia: Japan, Republic
virus-N (necrotic strain), Clover yellow sativum (ketumbar, branches), bibit of Korea (South Korea),
vein virus, Pea necrosis virus, Statice coriander), Cucurbita pepo (seedlings, Yemen
virus Y) (labu kuning, zukini, microprpagated Europe: Bulgaria,
zucchini), Daucus carota plants), biji Czech Republic,
(wortel, carrot), Gentiana (true seeds, France, Germany,
(gentians), Gladiolus grains), daun Hungary, Italy,
hybrids (sword lily), Glycine (leaves), Netherlands, Poland,
max (kedelai, soybean), rimpang Slovakia, Spain,
Impatiens walleriana (Busy- (rhizomes), Sweden, United
lizzy), Iris (irises), Lamium tunas (shoots, Kingdom
amplexicaule (henbit buds), umbi Oceania: Australia,
deadnettle), Lathyrus (bulbs, corms, New Zealand
odoratus (sweet pea), tubers)
Limonium sinuatum (sea
pink), Lupinus (lupins), Vektor:
Lupinus albus (white Aphididae (kutu
lupine), Lupinus daun)
- 633 -
angustifolius (lupin),
Lupinus luteus (yellow
lupin), Medicago lupulina
(black medick), Medicago
sativa (lucerne), Melilotus
officinalis (field melilot),
Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis,common bean),
Pisum sativum (kacang
kapri, pea), Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus (winged
bean), Plantago major
(broad-leaved plantain),
Trifolium (clovers), Trifolium
hybridum (Alsike clover),
Trifolium incarnatum
(Crimson clover), Trifolium
pratense (purple clover),
putih, white clover),
Trifolium subterraneum
Trifolium vesiculosum
(Arrowleaf clover), Veronica
persica (creeping speedwell),
Vicia faba (kacang babi,
broad bean), Viola odorata
(English violet)
- 634 -
33.
34. Cocoa yellow mosaic tymovirus I Cola nitida (bitter cola), akar (roots), Africa: Sierra Leone
(CYMV); Culcasia scandens, batang (stems
(Syn.Cocoa yellow mosaic virus) Theobroma cacao (kakao, (above ground),
cocoa) trunks,
branches),
buah (fruits),
bunga (flower,
inflorescences,
cones, calyx),
polong (pods),
tunas (shoots,
buds)
35. Coconut cadang-cadang cocadviroid I Arecaceae, Arenga pinnata biji (true seeds, Asia: Malaysia,
(CCCVd); (aren, sugar palm), grains), buah Philippines
(Syn. Coconut cadang-cadang viroid, Borassus flabellifer (lontar, (fruits), polong Oceania: Solomon
Palm cadang-cadang viroid, cadang- toddy palm), Chloris (finger (pods), polen Islands
cadang disease) grasses), Cocos nucifera (pollens),
(kelapa, coconut), tanaman (whole
Commelinaceae, Corypha plants)
elata (buri pam), Elaeis
guineensis (kelapa sawit, Vektor:
oil palm), Marantaceae, Tenuipalpidae:
Panandaceae, Phoenix Brevipalpus
dactylifera (kurma, dates), phoenicis
- 635 -
Livistona rotundifolia (Palem

serdang, footstool palm),
Zingiberacea
36. Coconut tinangaja cocadviroid (CTiVd); I Cocos nucifera (kelapa, biji (true seeds, Oceania: Guam
Syn. Coconut tinangaja viroid, yellow coconut) grains), polen
mottle decline) (pollens), buah
(fruits),
tanaman (whole
plants)
37. Coffee ringspot dichorhavirus (CoRSV); I Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee) tunas (shoots, America: Brazil, Costa
(Syn. Coffee ringspot rhabdovirus, buds), tanaman Rica
Coffee ringspot nucleorhabdovirus) (whole plants) Asia: Philippines
Vektor:
Acari,
Tenuipalpidae:
Brevipalphus
phoenicis
38. Cotton small leaf virus; I Abelmoschus esculentus batang (stems America: Brazil
- 636 -
(Syn. Cotton anthocyanosis (?) (okra, lady’s finger), (above ground), Asia: India, Pakistan
luteovirus; Cotton anthocyanosis virus Gossypium barbadens trunks,
(CAV), cotton leaf reddening disease, (kapas, cotton), Gossypium branches),
vermelhao disease) hirsutum (kapas, Bourbon tanaman (whole
cotton), Hibiscus plants), tunas
cannabinus (kenaf), Sida (shoots, buds)
rhombifolia (arrow laef sida),
Sida micrantha Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Aphis gossypii
39. Cotton leaf curl begomovirus (CLCuV); I Abelmoschus esculentus, tanaman (whole Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Syn. Cotton leaf curl bigeminivirus, Althea rosae, Corchorus plants) Faso, Cameroon,
Cotton leaf curl geminivirus, Cotton leaf fasicularis, Central African
crumple begomovirus, leaf curl disease Castanospermum australe, Vektor: Republic, Chad, Ivory
of cotton) Glycine max (kedelai, Hemiptera, Coast, Egypt, Ghana,
soyabean), Gossipium sp., Aleyrodidae: Niger, Nigeria, Sudan,
Gossypium barbadens Bemisia tabaci Togo
(kapas, cotton), Gossypium America: Mexico, USA,
hirsutum (Bourbon Guatemala
cosssstton), Hibiscus Asia: India, Pakistan,
cannabius (kenaf), Hibiscus Philippines
escu lentus, Hibiscus
sabdarifa, Luffa aegyptiaca
(loofah), Malvaviscus
arboreus, Malva parviflora,
Phaseolus acutifolius,
common bean), Vigna
angularis (kacang merah,
- 637 -
kidney bean), Vigna

unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea), Sida alba
40. Cowpea chlorotic mottle bromovirus I Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanaman (whole Africa: Nigeria
(CCMV); tanah, peanut), Beta plants) America: Costa Rica,
(Syn. Bean yellow stipple virus, vulgaris (bit, beet root), USA
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, Virus Cajanus cajan (kacang Vektor: Asia: India
del moteado amarillo, Marmor gude, pigeon pea), Cassia Coleoptera,
flavopunctum; bean yellow stipple occidentalis, Cassia tora, Chrysomelidae:
virus) Clitoria ternatae (butterfly- Ceratoma
pea), Glycine max (kedelai, ruficornis, C.
soyabean), Nicotiana trifurcata,
tabacum (tembakau, Diabrotica
tobacco), Vigna unguiculata balteata,
(kacang tunggak, cowpea) Diabrotica
undecimpunctat
a
41. Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV) I Citrus deliciosa batang (stems America: Argentina,
Syn. Citrus leprosis virus cytiplasmic, (Mediterranean mandarin), (above ground), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Citrus leprosis virus cytoplasmic type Citrus paradise (grapefruit), trunks, Colombia, Costa Rica,
2, citrus leprosis virus nuclear Citrus reticulate (jeruk branches), El Savador,
keprok), Citrus reshni buah (fruits), Guatemala, Honduras,
(Cleopatra mandarin), bunga (flowers, Mexico, Nicaragua,
Citrus reticulata (mandarin), inflorescences, Panama, Paraguay,
Citrus sinensis (jeruk cones, calyx), Uruguay, Venezuela
manis, navel orange), daun (leaves),
Commelina benghalensis, tunas (shoots,
Swinglea glutinosa buds)
Vektor:
Brevipalpus
- 638 -
phoenicis (false
spider mite)
42. Cucumber green mottle mosaic I Citrullus lanatus akar (roots), America: Brazil
tobamovirus (CGMMV); (semangka, watermelon), batang (stems Asia: China, India,
(Syn. Bottlegourd indian mosaic virus, Cucumis melo (melon, (above ground), Iran, Israel, Japan,
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, melon), Cucumis sativus trunks, Lebanon, Republic of
Cucumber green mottle mosaic (mentimun, cucumber), branches), bibit Korea (South Korea),
watermelon strain (W), Cucumber virus Gladiolus hybrids (sword (seedlings, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan
2, Cucumber virus 3, Cucumber virus lily); Lagenaria siceraria micropropagate Europe: Austria,
4, Cucumis virus 2, Tobacco mosaic (labu botol, bottle gourd), d plants), biji Bosnia and
virus watermelon strain-W) Momordica charantia (paria, (true seeds), Herzegovina, Denmark,
bittergourd), Prunus buah (fruits), Finland, Croatia,
americana (aprikot, apricot) bunga (flowers, Germany, Greece,
inflorescences, Georgia, Hungary,
cones, calyx), Latvia, Montenegro,
daun (leaves), North Macedonia,
media Netherlands, Romania,
pertumbuhan Russia, Serbia,
(growing media Slovenia, Spain,
associated with Sweden, Ukraine,
plants), tunas United Kingdom
(shoots, buds), Oceania: Australia
umbi (bulbs,
corms, tubers)
43. Dasheen mosaic potyvirus (DsMV); I Aglaonema, Alocasia, akar (roots), Africa: Cameroon,
(Syn. Dasheen mosaic virus) Amorphophallus, Anthurium, batang (stems Egypt, Ethiopia,
Araceae, Caladium, (above ground), Nigeria, South Africa
Colocasia, Colocasia trunks, America: Brazil, Costa
esculenta (taro), branches), bibit Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Cyrtosperma merkusii (giant (seedlings, Republic, Jamaica,
- 639 -
swam taro), Dieffenbachia micropropagate Martinique, Nicaragua,

(dumbcanes), Nelumbo d plants), Puerto Rico, Trinidad
nucifera (sacred lotus), bunga (flowers, and Tobago, USA,
Philodendron, inflorescences, Venezuela
Spathiphyllum, Typhonium cones, calyx), Asia: China, India,
rrilobatum, Xanthosoma buah (fruits), Japan, Taiwan,
(cocoyam), Zantedeschia daun (leaves), Vietnam
(calla-lilies), polong (pods), Europe: Belgium,
tanaman (whole Bosnia and
plant), tunas Herzegovina, Denmark,
(shoots, buds), Italy, Netherlands,
umbi (bulbs, United Kingdom
corms, tubers), Oceania: American
rimpang Samoa, Australia,
(rhizomes) Cook Islands, Fiji,
French Polynesia,
Guam, Kiribati, New
Zealand, Niue, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa,
Solomon Islands,
Tonga, Vanuatu
44. Grapevine Bulgarian latent nepovirus I Vitis spp. (anggur, akar (roots), biji Europe: Bosnia and
(GBLV); grapevine), Vitis vinifera (true seeds), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
(Syn. Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus, (anggur, grapevine) buah (fruits), Croatia, Hungary,
Virus CM112) batang (stems Montenegro, North
(above ground) Macedonia, Portugal,
trunks, Serbia, Slovenia
branches), America: USA
daun (leaves),
tunas (shoots,
- 640 -
buds)
45. Grapevine chrome mosaic nepovirus I Apium graveolens (seledri, akar (roots), Europe: Austria,
(GCMV); celery), Vitis vinifera batang (stems Bosnia and
(Syn. Grapevine chrome mosaic virus, (anggur, grapevine) (above ground) Herzegovina, Croatia,
Hungarian chrome mosaic virus) trunks, Czech Republic,
branches), biji Hungary, Montenegro,
(true seeds), North Macedonia,
daun (leaves), Serbia, Slovenia,
kulit kayu Slovakia, United
(bark), tunas Kingdom
(shoots, buds) America: USA
46. Grapevine fanleaf nepovirus (GFLV); I Aristolochia clematitis biji (true Africa: Algeria, Canary
(Syn. Grapevine arriccianmento virus, (birthwort), Sonchus seeeds), Island, Egypt,
Grapevine court noue virus, Grapevine oleraceus (common suluran Madagascar, Morocco,
fanleaf virus, Grape vine infectious sowthistle), Vitis sp. (stolon), Nigeria, South Africa,
degeneration virus, Grapevine (anggur, grape), Vitis tanaman (whole Tunisia
Reisigkrankheit virus, Grapevine vinifera (anggur, grapevine) plants), tunas America: Argentina,
roncet virus, Grapevine urticado virus (shoots, buds) Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Grapevine veinbanding virus, Chile, Mexico, USA,
Grapevine yellow mosaic virus) Vektor: Venezuela
Dorylaimida, Asia: China, Iran,
Longidoridae: Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Xiphinema Kazakhstan, Lebanon,
index, X. italye Palestine, Philippines,
Syria, Turkey
- 641 -
Europe: Albania,
Armenia, Austria,
Bosnia and
Republic, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, North
Macedonia, Malta,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Switzerland,
Serbia, Slovenia ,
Spain, United
Kingdom, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
47. Grapevine fleck maculavirus (GFkV); I Vitis vinifera (anggur, batang (stems Africa: South Africa
(Syn. Grapevine fleck virus, Grapevine grapevine) (above ground), America: Brazil,
marbrure virus, Grapevine phloem- trunks, Canada, USA
limited isometric virus) branches), Asia: Jordan, Republic
tanaman (whole of Korea (South Korea),
plants) Syria
Europe: Albania,
France, Italy, Jordan,
North Macedonia,
48. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 I Vitis aestivalis (summer akar (roots), Africa: Algeria,
- 642 -
ampelovirus (GLRaV-1) grape), Vitis labruca (fox batang (stems Morocco, Nigeria,
grape), Vitis rotundifolia (above ground), South Africa, Tunisia
(muscadine grape), Vitis trunks, America: Brazil,
rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis branches), Canada, Chile, USA
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) daun (leaves), Asia: India, Iran,
kulit kayu Israel, Japan, Jordan,
(barks) Kazakhstan, Palestine,
Republic of Korea
Vektor: (South Korea), Syria,
Mealybug Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen
(Pseudococcida Europe: Albania,
e): Austria, Bosnia and
Heliococcus Herzegovina, Croatia,
bohemicus, Czech Republic,
Phenacoccus Cyprus, France,
aceris, Germany, Hungary,
Planococcus Greece, Italy, Malta,
citri, Montenegro, Republic
Scale insect of Moldova, North
(Coccidae): Macedonia, Portugal,
Neopulvinaria Romania, Serbia,
innumerabilis, Slovenia, Switzerland,
Parthenoleca- Ukraine, United
nium corni Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
49. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 I Vitis aestivalis (summer akar (roots), Africa: Algeria,
closterovirus (GLRaV-2) grape), Vitis labruca (fox batang (stems Morocco, Nigeria,
grape), Vitis rotundifolia (above ground), South Africa, Tunisia
- 643 -

vinifera (anggur, grapevine) daun (leaves), Asia: India, Iran,
(barks) Kazakhstan, Palestine,
Republic of Korea
(South Korea), Syria,
Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Albania,
Austria, Bosnia and
Czech Republic,
Cyprus, France,
Malta, Moldova,
Montenegro, North
Romania, Serbia,
Ukraine, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
50. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 I Vitis aestivalis (summer akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Nigeria,
ampelovirus (GLRaV-3) grape), Vitis labruca (fox batang (stems Morocco, South Africa,
grape), Vitis rotundifolia (above Tunisia
(muscadine grape), Vitis grounds), America: Brazil,
rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis trunks, Canada, Chile, USA
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) branches), Asia: India, Syria,
daun (leaves), Palestine, Iran, Israel,
- 644 -
kulit kayu Japan, Jordan,

(barks) Kazakhstan, Republic
Vektor: Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen
Mealybug Europe: Austria,
(Pseudococcida Albania, Bosnia and
e) Herzegovina, Croatia,
Ferrisia gilli, Cyprus, Czech
Heliococcus Republic, France,
bohemicus, Germany, Greece,
Phenacoccus Hungary, Italy, Malta,
aceris, Moldova, Montenegro,
Planococcus North Macedonia,
citri, Portugal, Romania,
Planococcus Serbia, Slovenia,
ficus, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Pseudococcus United Kingdom
calceolariae, Oceania: Australia,
Pseudococcus New Zealand
camstocki,
Pseudococcus
longispinus,
Pseudococcus
maritimus,
Pseudococcus
viburni,
Scale insect
(Coccidae)
Ceroplastes
rusci, Coccus
- 645 -
longulus,
Neopulvinaria
innumerabilis,
Parasaisettia
nigra,
Parthenolecaniu
m corni,
Parthenolecaniu
m persicae,
Pulvinaria vitis,
Saissetia sp.
51. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-4 I Vitis aestivalis (summer akar Africa: Algeria, Nigeria,
Ampelovirus (GLRaV-4); grape), Vitis labruca (fox (roots),batang Morocco, South Africa,
(Syn. GLRaV-5, GLRaV-6, GLRaV-9, grape), Vitis rotundifolia (stems (above Tunisia
GLRaV-Pr, GLRaV-De, GLRaV-Car) (muscadine grape), Vitis ground), America: Brazil,
rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis trunks, Canada, Chile, USA
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) branches), Asia: China, India,
daun (leaves), Syria, Palestine, Iran,
(barks) Kazakhstan, Republic
of Korea, Taiwan,
Vektor: Turkey, Yemen
Mealybug Europe: Austria,
(Pseudococcida Albania, Bosnia and
e): Herzegovina, Croatia,
Pseudococcus Cyprus, Czech
longispinus, Republic, France,
Heliococcus Greece, Hungary, Italy,
bohemicus, Malta, Moldova,
Phenacoccus Montenegro, North
- 646 -
aceris, Macedonia, Portugal,

Planococcus Romania, Serbia,
ficus Slovenia, Spain,
Scale insect Switzerland, Ukraine,
(Coccidae) United Kingdom
Ceroblastes Oceania: Australia,
rusci, New Zealand
Parthenolecaniu
m corni
52. Grapevine leafroll-associated virus- I Vitis aestivalis (summer akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Nigeria,
7velarivirus grape), Vitis labruca (fox batang (stems Morocco, South Africa,
grape), Vitis rotundifolia (above ground), Tunisia
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) daun (leaves), Asia: India, Syria,
kulit kayu Palestine, Iran, Israel,
(barks) Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Republic
of Korea, Taiwan,
Turkey, Yemen
Europe: Austria,
Albania, Bosnia and
Cyprus, Czech
Republic, France,
Malta, Moldova,
Montenegro, North
Romania, Serbia,
- 647 -
Ukraine, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
53. Grapevine ruprestis stem pitting I Vitis vinifera (anggur, akar (roots), Africa: Morocco, South
associated foveavirus (GRSPaV); grapevine) batang (stems Africa, Tunisia
(Syn. Grapevine stem pitting disease, (above ground), America: Brazil,
Legno Riccio (possibly), Rugose wood trunks, Mexico, USA
(possibly), Grapevine corky bark branches), Asia: Jordan, Korea,
disease) daun (leaves), Lebanon, Middle East,
polen (pollens), Yemen
tunas (shoots, Europe: Albania,
buds) Bulgaria, Italy,
Portugal, Russian
Vektor: Federation
Hemiptera,
Pseudococcidae
54. Grapevine virus A Vitivirus I Vitis coignetiae, Vitis batang (stems Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Grapevine corky bark hybrids, Vitis labrusca (fox (above ground), Morroco, South Africa,
closterovirus, Grapevine corky bark grape), Vitis riparia, Vitis trunks, Tunisia
disease, Grapevine corky bark virus, vinifera (anggur, grapevine) branches) Asia: Afghanistan,
Grapevine stem pitting disease, Armenia, China, Iran,
Grapevine stem pitting virus, Vektor: Israel, Jordan,
Grapevine stem pitting – associated Mealybug Kazakhstan, Lebanon,
closterovirus, Grapevine stem pitting Pseudococcus Syria, Syria, Turkey,
virus) longispinus, Yemen
Pseudococcus America: Brazil,
affinis (P. Canada, Chile, USA
viburni), Europe: Albania,
- 648 -
Planococcus Croatia, Cyprus, Czech

citri, Republic, Cyprus,
Phenacoccus France, Germany,
aceris, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Planococcus Malta, Moldova,
ficus, Portugal, Romania,
Heliococcus Russian Federation,
bohemicus, Serbia, Slovakia,
Pseudococcus Slovenia, Spain,
longispinus, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Pseudococcus United Kingdom.
viburni Oceania: Australia
Scale insects:
Neopulvinaria
innumerabilis,
Parthenolecaniu
m corni,
Puvinaria vitis
55. Grapevine virus B Vitivirus I Vitis coignetiae, Vitis batang (stems Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
labrusca (fox grape), Vitis (above ground), South Africa, Tunisia
hybrids, Vitis riparia, Vitis trunks, America: Brazil,
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) branches) Canada, Chile, USA
Asia: Afghanistan,
Vektor: Armenia, China, Iran,
Mealybug Israel, Jordan,
Pseudococcus Kazakhstan, Lebanon,
longispinus, Republic of Korea,
Pseudococcus Syria, Syria, Turkey,
affinis (P. Yemen
- 649 -
viburni), Europe: Albania,

Planococcus Cyprus, Czech
citri, Republic, France,
Phenacoccus Hungary, Italy,
aceris, Republic of Moldova,
Planococcus Portugal, Romania,
ficus, Slovenia, Switzerland,
Pseudococcus Ukraine, United
longispinus, Kingdom
Pseudococcus Oceania: Australia
viburni
Scale insects:
Neopulvinaria
innumerabilis,
Parthenolecaniu
m corni,
Puvinaria vitis
56. Grapevine virus D Vitivirus I Vitis coignetiae, Vitis batang (stems America: USA
labrusca (fox grape), Vitis (above ground), Asia: Turkey
hybrids, Vitis riparia, Vitis trunks,
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) branches)
Vektor:
Mealybug
57. Grapevine virus E Vitivirus I Vitis coignetiae, Vitis batang (stems America: Argentina,
labrusca (fox grape), Vitis (above ground), USA
hybrids, Vitis riparia, Vitis trunks, Asia: China, Japan,
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) branches) Korea
- 650 -
Vektor:
Mealybug
Pseudococcus
comstocki
58. Grapevine red blotch Grablovirus I Vitis coignetiae, Vitis batang (stems America: Canada,
(GRBV) labrusca (fox grape), Vitis (above ground), Mexico, USA
hybrids, Vitis riparia, Vitis trunks, Asia: India, Republic of
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) branches) Korea (South Korea)
Europe: Switzerland
Vektor:
Spissistilus
festinus
59. Hop stunt viroid (HSVd); I Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Citrus clementina, Citrus batang (stems Libya, Morocco,
Hop stunt viroid Sasaki and Shikata, limon (lemon), Citrus limonia (above ground), Nigeria, South Africa,
1977a), (mandarin lime), Citrus trunks, Sudan, Tunisia
Citrus cachexia viroid Diener et al., macrophylla (alemow), branches), America: Argentina,
1988, Citrua reticulate (mandarin), bunga (flowers, Brazil, Canada,
Citrus viroid II Duran-Vila et al., 1988; Citrus sinensis (navel inflorescences, Colombia, Cuba,
Sano et al., 1988, orange), , Citrus x paradise cones, calyx), Ecuador, Jamaica,
Cucumber pale fruit viroid Van Dorst (grapefruit), Cucumis buah (fruits), Suriname, Trinidad
and Peters, 1974, sativus (mentimun, daun (leaves), dan Tobago, Uruguay,
Dapple plum and peach fruit disease cucumber), Fortunella kulit kayu USA
viroid Sano et al., 1989 (kumquats), Galinsoga (barks), Asia: China, India,
quadriradiata (shaggy tanaman (whole Iran, Israel, Japan,
soldier), Gymnura plants) Jordan, Republic of
aurantiaca (java velvet Korea (South Korea),
plant), HIsbiscus rosa- Lebanon, Philippines,
sinensis (java velvet plant), Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Humulus lupulus (hop), Thailand, Turkey,
- 651 -
Malus domestica (apel, Yemen

apple), Malus sylvestris Europe: Cyprus, Czech
(crab apple tree), Morus Republic, France,
(mulberry tree), Morus alba Germany, Greece,
(murbei, mullberry), Prunus Italy, Portugal, Serbia,
armeniaca (aprikot, apricot), Slovenia, Spain
Prunus avium (ceri, sweet Oceania: Australia,
cherry), Prunus domestica New Zealand
peach), Prunus salicia
(Japanese plum), Punica
granatum (pomegranate),
grapevine)
60. Impatiens necrotic spot tospovirus I Arachis hypogaea (kacang daun (leaves), Africa: Uganda
(INSV); tanah, groundnut, peanut), tanaman (whole America: Canada,
(Syn. Impatiens necrotic spot virus) Capsicum annuum (cabai, plants) Chile, Costa Rica,
paprika, bell pepper), Mexico, USA
Capsicum spp., Cardamine Vektor: Asia: China, Iran,
scutata, Cerastium Thysanoptera, Japan
glomeratum, Thripidae: Europe: Austria,
Chrysanthemum sp. (krisan, Frankliniella Belgium, Bosnia and
chrysanthemum), Cichorium occidentalis Hercegovina, Bulgaria,
sp., Cucumis sativus Czech Republic,
(mentimun, cucumber), Finland, France,
Cyclamen persicum, Germany, Guernsey,
Gentiana sp., Impatiens sp., Hungary, Italy, North
Isotoma axillaris, Kalanchoe Macedonia,
- 652 -
sp., Lactuca sativa (selada, Netherlands, Poland,

lettuce), Ocimum basilicum Portugal, Slovenia,
(sweet basil), Phalaenopsis Spain, United Kingdom
hybrids, Rubus, Solanum Oceania: Australia,
lycopersicum (tomat, New Zealand
tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Spinacia oleracea
(bayam, spinach), Stellaria
media, Valerianella
61. Iris yellow spot tospovirus (IYSV) I Allium spp, Alstroemeria sp., bibit (seedlings, Asia: India, Iran,
(Syn. Amaranthus retroflexus, micropropagate Israel, Japan,
Iris yellow spot virus Cortes et al, Arctium minus, Atriplex d plant), umbi Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
1988, micrantha, Bessera elegans, (bulbs, corm, Tajikistan
Iris yellow spot virus) Capsicum annum (cabai, tubers) Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
paprika, bell pepper), Kenya, Mauritius,
Chenopodium album, Vektor: Reunion, South Africa,
Chenopodium amaranticolor, Thrips tabaci. Tunisia, Uganda,
Chenopodium amaranticolor, Zimbabwe
Chenopodium murale, America: Brazil,
Chenopodium quinoa, Canada, Chile,
Chenopodium quinoa, Ecuador, Guatemala,
Chrysanthemum sp. (krisan, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay,
chrysanthemum), Cichorium USA,
intybus, Clivia miniata,
Cycas sp., Datura
stramonium, Emilia
sonchifolia, Eustoma
grandiflorum, Eustoma
- 653 -
russellianum, Geranium
carolianum, Gomphrena
globosa, Gomphrena
globosa, Hippeastrum
hybridum, Impatiens
sultani, Iris holandica,
Kochia scoparia, Lactuca
Lactuca serriola, Sonchus
asper, Linaria Canadensis,
Nicotiana benthamiana,
Nicotiana glutinosa,
Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana
rustica, Pelargonium x
hortorum, Petunia x hybrid,
Petunia x hybrid, Portulaca
oleracea, Rosa sp., Rumex
crispus, Scindapsus sp.,
Setaria viridis, Solanum
tomato), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang, potato)
, Spinacia oleracea,
Taraxacum officinale,
Tribulus terrestris, Vicia
faba (kacang babi,
broadbean), Vicia sativa,
tunggak, cowpea)
62. Johnsongrass mosaic potyvirus I Pennisetum glaucum (pearl akar (roots), Africa: Ethiopia
- 654 -
(JGMV); millet), Pennisetum batang (stems America: Brazil,

(Syn. Maize dwarf mosaic virus - strain purpureum, Saccharum (above ground), Colombia, Venezuela
O, Johnsongrass mosaic virus, officinarum (tebu, trunks, Europe: Hungary
Sugarcane mosaic virus - Australian sugarcane), Sorghum bicolor branches), biji Oceania: Australia
Johnson grass virus, Maize dwarf (sorgum, sorghum), (true seeds,
mosaic virus - Kansas I strain) Sorghum halepense grains), buah
(Johnson grass), Urochloa (fruits), daun
brizantha (palisade grass), (leaves), bagal
Zea mays (jagung, corn, (sett), rimpang
maize) (rhizome)
63. Lily symptomless carlavirus (LSV) I Alstroemeria sp., Gladiolus akar (roots), Asia: India, Japan,
(Syn. Lily curl stripe virus, Lily streak hybrid, Hymenocalis batang (stems Republic of Korea
virus) littoralis, Lilium sp., Lilium (above ground), (South Korea), Taiwan
martagon, Tulip sp. trunks, America: USA
branches), Europe: Bulgaria, Italy,
bunga (flowers, Netherlands, Poland,
inflorescens, United Kingdom
cones, calyx), Oceania: Australia
daun (leaves),
umbi (bulbs,
corms, tubers),
pedicel
Vektor:
Myzus persicae,
Macrosiphum
euphorbiae,
Aphis gossypii
A. fabae,
Aulacorthum
- 655 -
solani, A. fabae
dan
Aulocorthum
solani,
Acyrthosiphum
pisum, Aphis
sp., Brevicoryne
brassicae,
Liosomaphis
berberidis,
Metopolophium
dirhodum,
Rhopalosiphum
insertum, R.
padi, Uroleucon
sp.
64. Lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV); I Cichorium intybus (chicory), biji (true seeds), Africa: Egypt, Ghana,
(Syn. Lettuce virus 1) Carthamus tinctorius daun (leaves), Malawi, Mauritius,
(safflower), Cicer arietinum tanaman (whole Morocco, Sierra Leone,
(kacang arab, chickpea), plant) South Africa,
Cichorium endivia (endive), Tanzania, Tunisia,
Eustoma grandiflorum Vektor: Zambia, Zimbabwe
(lisianthus), Lactuca sativa Aphididae: America: Argentina,
(selada, lettuce), Pisum Aphis gossypii, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
sativum (kacang kapri, pea), Myzus persicae Ecuador, Jamaica,
Spinacia oleracea (spinach), Mexico, USA, Uruguay
Sonchus (Sowthistle), Asia: China, India,
Stellaria media (common Iran, Iraq, Israel,
chickweed), Sinapis Japan, Jordan,
arvensis (wild mustard) Lebanon, Malaysia,
- 656 -
Republic of Korea
Arabia, Syria, Taiwan,
Yemen
Europe: Austria,
Belgium, Croatia,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia,
Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
65. Little cherry velarivirus 1 (LChV 1) I Prunus spp., Prunus avium akar (roots), America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Cherry little cherry virus Nemeth, (ceri, sweet cherry), Prunus batang (stems), Asia: China, Japan
1986, cerasus (kersen, sour bunga (flowers, Europe: Belgium,
K & S disease Reeves, Cheney & cherry), Prunus emarginata inflorescences, Czech Republic,
Milbrath, 1955, (bitter cherry), Prunus incisa cones, calyx), Germany, Greece,
K & S little cherry Reeves, Cheney & (Fuji cherry), Prunus daun (leaves), Italy, Poland, Romania,
Milbrath, 1955, mahaleb (mahleb cherry), tunas (shoots, Slovakia, Spain;
Little cherry disease virus Wilks & Prunus sargentii (Sargent’s buds) Switzerland, Turkey,
Welsh, 1961, cherry), Prunus serrula United Kingdom
Sour cherry decline Milbrath & (Tibetan cherry), Prunus Oceania: New Zealand
Williams, 1956) serrulata (Japanese cherry),
Prunus subhirtella (higan
- 657 -
cherry), Prunus tomentosa

(Nanking cherry), Prunus x
sieboldii, Prunus x
yedoensis (Yoshino cherry
tree), Prunus pensylvanica
(Pin cherry)
66. Lucerne enation rhabdovirus (LEV); I Alfalfa sp., Fabaceae, tanaman Africa: South Africa,
(Syn. Alfalfa enation virus, Lucerne Medicago sativa (alfalfa, (whole plant) Sudan
enation virus) Lucerne), Vicia faba (kacang America: Argentina,
babi, broad bean) Vektor: Aphis Canada, Colombia,
craccivora Peru, USA
Asia: Iran, Japan
Europe: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech
Republic, Denmark,
France, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Poland,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Switzerland
Oceania: Australia
67. Maize chlorotic dwarf waikavirus I Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, tanaman (whole America: USA
(MCDV); rice), Setaria spp., Sorghum plant) Asia: Japan, India
(Syn. Maize chlorotic dwarf bicolor (sorgum, sorghum),
machlovirus, Zea mays (jagung, corn, Vektor:
Maize chlorotic dwarf MCDV group, maize) Hemiptera,
Maize chlorotic dwarf ribotungrovirus, Cicadellidae:
Maize chlorotic dwarf virus, Corn stunt Amblysellus
agent) grex, Dalbulus
- 658 -
maidis, Endria
inimica,
Exitianus
exitiosus,
Graminella
nigrifrons,
Graminella
sonora,
Macrosteles
severini,
Planicephalus
flavo costatus,
Stirellus bicolor
68. Maize chlorotic mottle machlomovirus I Bromus arvensis, Panicum biji (true seeds, Africa: Congo,
(MCMV); vurgatum, Saccharum grains), tanah Ethiopia, Kenya,
(Syn. Maize chlorotic mottle virus, officinarum (tebu, (soils), tanaman Mozambique, Rwanda,
Maize mottle virus, Peru corn virus) sugarcane), Setaria glauca, (whole plants) Tanzania, Uganda
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, America: Argentina,
sorghum), Triticum aestivum Vektor: Brazil, Hawaii, Mexico,
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays Coleoptera, Peru, USA
(jagung, corn, maize), Zea Chrysomelidae: Asia: China
diploperennis Chaetocnema Europe: Spain
pulicaria,
Diabrotica spp.,
Oulema
melanop,
Systena
frontalis
Thysanoptera,
Thripidae:
- 659 -
Frankliniella
williamsii
69. Maize dwarf mosaic potyvirus (MDMV); I Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Africa, Egypt,
(Syn. European maize mosaic virus, Bromus catharticus batang (stems), Ethiopia, Ivory Coast,
Indian maize mosaic virus, Maize dwarf (prairiegrass), Cloris bibit (seedlings, Kenya, Mauritius,
mosaic virus, Maize stripe mosaic virus, barbata (purpletop chloris), micropropagate Morocco, Niger,
Peru corn virus, Sorghum red stripe Panicum miliaceum (millet), d plants), biji Nigeria, South Zambia,
virus) Paspalum conjugatum (sour (true seeds, Zimbabwe
paspalum), Pennisetum grains), bunga America: Argentina,
glaucum (pearl millet), (flowers, Canada, Chile,
Saccharumofficinarum inflorescences, Colombia, Haiti,
(tebu, sugarcane), Sorghum cones, calyx), Hawaii, Honduras,
halepense (Johnson grass), daun (leaves), Mexico, Peru, USA,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, tunas (shoots, Venezuela
sorghum), Tripsacum buds) Asia: China, Georgia,
dactyloides (eastern India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
gamagrass USA), Zea mays Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
(jagung, corn, maize), Zea Philippines, Republic
mays subsp. mays (jagung of Korea (South Korea),
manis, sweetcorn, maize) Taiwan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, France,
Germany, Montenegro,
North Macedonia, Italy,
Poland, Romania,
Russian Federation,
- 660 -
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Ukraine
Oceania: Australia
70. Maize mosaic nucleorhabdovirus I Axonopus compressus akar (roots), Africa: Kenya,
(MMV); (carpet grass), Hordeum batang (stems Madagascar,
(Syn. Maize mosaic virus, Maize stripe vulgare (barli, barley), (above ground), Mauritius,
Indian virus, Sorghum chlorosis virus, Rottboellia cochinchinensis trunks, Mozambique, Nigeria,
Zea mays virus) (Itchgrass), Sorghum branches), bibit Réunion, Tanzania,
halepense (Johnsongrass), (seedlings, Zimbabwe
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, micropropagate America: Brazil,
sorghum), Zea mays d plants), Colombia, Cuba,
(jagung, corn, maize), Zea bunga (flowers, Guyana, Hawaii,
mexicana (Mexican teosinte) inflorescences, Guadeloupe, Mexico,
cones, calyx), Peru, Puerto Rico,
daun (leaves), Suriname, USA,
tunas (shoots, Venezuela
buds) Asia: India, Yemen
Oceania: Fiji, Solomon
Vektor: Island
Hemiptera,
Delphacidae:
Peregrinus
maidis
- 661 -
71. Maize rayado fino marafivirus (MRFV); I Robbboellia cochinchinensis akar (roots), America: Argentina,
(Syn. Maize rayado fino marafivirus (itch grass), Tripsacum batang (stems Brazil, Colombia, Costa
Gamez, 1980b, austral, Zea diploperennis, (above ground), Rica, El Salvador,
Maize rayado fino virus) Zea mays (jagung, corn, trunks, Equador Guatemala,
maize) branches), bibit Honduras, Mexico,
(seedlings, Nicaragua, Panama,
micropropagate Peru, USA, Uruguay,
d plants), Venezuela
bunga (flowers,
infloewacences,
cones, calyx),
daun (leaves),
tunas (shoots)
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae:
Dalbulus
maidis,
D.elimatus,
Baldulus
tripsaci,
Graminella
nigrifrons
72. Maize rough dwarf fijivirus (MRDV); I Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), America: Argentina
(Syn. Cereal tillering disease fijivirus, Cynodon dactylon (rumput batang (stems Asia: China, Iran,
Cereal tillering disease reovirus, Cereal bermuda, bermuda grass), (above ground), Israel, Republic of
tillering disease virus, Maize rough Digitaria sanguinalis (large trunks, Korea (South Korea)
dwarf virus) crabgrass), Echinochloa branches), bibit Europe: Bosnia and
crus-galli (barnyard grass), (seedlings, Herzegovina, Croatia,
- 662 -
Hordeum vulgare (barli, micropropagate Czech Republic,

barley), Lolium perenne d plants), France, Germany,
(perennial ryegrass), bunga (flowers, Greece, Italy,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, infloewacences, Montenegro, North
sorghum), Triticum aestivum cones, calyx), Macedonia, Norway,
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays daun (leaves), Serbia, Spain, Sweden,
subsp. mays (jagung manis, tunas (shoots, Switzerland, Slovenia,
sweetcorn), Zea mays buds) Slovakia
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Delphacidae:
Laodelphax
striatellus
73. Maize streak mastrevirus (MSV); I Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Africa, Angola,
(Syn. Hordeum vulgare (barli, batang (stems Benin, Botswana,
Cereal African streak virus, Maize barley), Poaceae (grasses), (above ground), Burkina Faso,
mottle virus Smith, 1957; Martyn, Saccharum officiarum (tebu, trunks, Burundi, Cameroon,
1968; sugarcane), Secale cereale branches), Central DR Congo,
Maize streak monogeminivirus Storey (rye), Sorghum bicolor bunga (flowers), Congo, Egypt,
(1925), Bock et al., 1974; (sorgum, sorghum), Triticum bibit (seedlings, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Maize streak virus A McClean, 1947; aestivum (gandum, wheat), micropropagate Ghana, Guinea, Ivory
Sugarcane streak virus Storey, 1925) Zea mays (jagung, corn, d plants), daun Coast, Kenya,
maize) (leaves) Madagascar, Malawi,
Mali, Mauritius,
Vektor: Mozambique, Niger,
Hemiptera, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Cicadellidae: Réunion, Sao Tome
Cicadulina and Principe, Senegal,
mbila, Sierra Leone, South
- 663 -
Cicadulina Africa, Sudan,

arachidis, Swaziland, Tanzania,
Cicadulina Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
bipunctella, Zimbabwe
Cicadulina America: USA
triangula, Asia: India, Yemen
Cicadulina
bimaculata,
Cicadulina
similis,
Cicadulina
latens,
Cicadulina
ghaurii,
Cicadulina
parazeae,
Nesoclutha
declivata
74. Maize stripe tenuivirus (MSpV); I Avena sativa (oat, oats), akar (roots), Africa: Benin,
(Syn. Maize chlorotic stripe virus, Hordeum vulgare (barli, batang (stems Botswana, Cameroon,
Maize stripe virus, Sorghum chlorosis barley), Oryza sativa (padi, (above ground), DR Congo, Egypt,
virus) paddy, rice), Rottboellia trunks, Kenya, Madagascar,
cochinchinensis (itch grass), branches), Mauritius, Malawi,
Saccharum officinarum bunga (flowers, Mozambique, Nigeria,
(tebu, sugarcane), Secale infloresceces, Réunion, Sao Tome
cereale (rye), Sorghum cones, calyx), and Principe, South
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), bibit (seedlings, Africa, Swaziland,
Triticale, Triticum aestivum micropropagate Tanzania, Uganda,
(gandum, wheat), Zea mays d plants), daun Zimbabwe
(jagung, corn, maize) (leaves) America: Argentina,
- 664 -
Brazil, Costa Rica,

Vektor: Guadeloupe, Peru,
Hemiptera, Puerto Rico, USA,
Delphacidae: Venezuela
Peregrinus Asia: China, India,
maidis, Philippines, Taiwan,
Dalbulus Thailand
maydis, Oceania: Australia
Sogatela
coolophon, Toya
sp.
75. Maize white line mosaic aureusvirus I Digitaria sanguinalis (large polen (pollens), America: USA
(MWLMV); crabgrass), Panicum sp., tanah (soil), Europe: France, Italy
(Syn. Maize dwarf ringspot virus, Setaria faberi, Tritichum tanaman (whole
Maize white line virus) aestivum (gandum, wheat), plants)
maize) Vektor:
Graminiella
nigrifrons,
Rhopalosiphum
maydis
76. Orchid fleck dichorhabdovirus (OFV); I Orchidaceae tanaman (whole America: Brazil, Costa
(Syn. Dendrobium leaf streak virus, plants) Rica, Paraguay, USA
Dendrobium virus, Laelia red leafspot, Asia: Japan
Short orchid rhabdovirus, Orchid Vektor: Europe: France,
rhabdovirus, Orchid fleck virus, Brevipalpus Germany
Phalaenopsis chlorotic spot virus, californicus Oceania: Australia,
Phalaenopsis hybrid virus, New Zealand
Phalaenopsis virus)
- 665 -
77. Papaya mosaic potexvirus (PapMV); I Carica papaya (pepaya, akar (roots), Africa: Tanzania,
(Syn. Argentine plantago potexvirus, papaya) batang (stems Zimbabwe
Argentine plantago virus, Australian (above ground), America: Brazil,
alternanthera potexvirus, Babaco trunks, Dominica, Jamaica,
yellow mosaic virus, Boussingaultia branches), bibit Mexico, Puerto rico,
mosaic virus, Olive vein yellow virus, (seedlings, Trinidad and Tobago,
Papaya mild mosaic virus, Papaya micropropagate USA, Venezuela
mosaic virus, Pawpaw mild mosaic d plants), buah Asia: India, Philippines
virus, Pawpaw mosaic virus, Portulaca (fruits), bunga Oceania: Guam
virus, Salvia potexvirus, Trichosanthes (flowers,
virus, Ullucus potexvirus) inflorescences,
cones, calyx),
daun (leaves),
umbi (bulbs,
corms, tubers)
78. Papaya apical necrosis rhabdovirus I Carica papaya (pepaya, tanaman (whole America: Cuba,
(PANV); papaya) plants) Carribean, USA
(Syn. Papaya droopy necrosis virus
(PDNV), Papaya apical necrosis virus Vektor:
(PANV)) Empoasca
papayae
79. Papaya ringspot virus W (PRSV-W) I Cucurbitaceae, batang (stems Africa: Egypt, Ivory
Syn. Papaya ringspot virus (W strain) Citrullus lanatus (above ground), Coast, Nigeria, Sudan,
(semangka, watermelon), trunks, Tunisia
Cucurbita pepo (labu branches), bibit America: Bahamas,
kuning, zukini, zucchini), (seedlings), Brazil, Colombia, Costa
Momordica charantia buah (fruits), Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
bunga (flowers, Ecuador, El Salvador,
inflorescences, Guadeloupe,
- 666 -
cones, calyx), Honduras, Jamaica,

daun (leaves), Mexico, Puerto Rico,
tanaman (whole Trinidad and Tobago,
plants) USA, Venezuela
Asia: China, India,
Vektor: Japan, Lebanon,
Hemiptera, Malaysia, Nepal,
Aphididae: Philippines, Singapore,
Myzus persicae, Sri Lanka, Syria,
Aphis Thailand, Taiwan,
coreopsidis, A. Turkey, Vietnam,
craccivora, A. Yemen
fabae, A. Europe: Cyprus,
gossypii, France, Germany,
Toxoptera Italy, Poland
citricida Oceania: Australia,
French Polynesia,
Papua New Guinea,
Samoa, Solomon
Island, Tonga
80. Passion fruit woodiness potyvirus I Arachis hypogaea (kacang tanaman (whole Africa: South Africa,
(PWV); tanah, groundnut, peanut), plants) Uganda
(Syn.Passiflora chlorotic spot virus, Glycine max (kedelai, America: Brazil,
Passiflora mosaic virus, Passionfruuit soybean), Passiflora Vektor: Aphid Martinique
mosaic virus, Passionfruit mottle virus, caerulea (bluecrown Asia: Japan
Passionfruit woodiness virus) passionflower), Passiflora Oceania: Australia,
edulis (markisa, New Zealand, Samoa
passionfruit), Passiflora
foetida (red fruit passion
flower), Passiflora suberosa
- 667 -
(corky passionflower),
common bean)
81. Pea enation mosaic 1 enamovirus I Cicer arietinum (kacang biji (true seeds, America: USA, Canada
(PEMV-1); arab, chickpea), Lathyrus grains), Asia: China, Iran
(Syn. Pea enation mosaic virus-1, Pea odoratus, Lens culinaris tanaman (whole Europe: Austria, Czech
enation mosaic virus, Pea enation (lentil), Medicago arabica plants) Republic, Germany,
mosaic virus 'group', Pea virus 1) (spotted medick), Pisum Spain, Slovakia,
sativum (kacang kapri, pea), Vektor: United Kingdom
Trifolium incarnatum, Vicia Hemiptera,
faba (kacang babi, Aphididae:
broadbean), Vicia sativa Acyrthosiphon
(common vetch) pisum, Myzus
persicae,
Frankiniella
occidentalis
82. Pea seed-borne mosaic potyvirus I Lens culinaris (lentil), Pisum biji (true seeds, Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(PSbMV); sativum (kacang kapri, pea), grains), daun Ethiopia, Libya,
(Syn. Pea leaf-roll virus, Pea seed-borne Vicia sp., Vicia faba (kacang (leaves), Morocco, South Africa,
mosaic virus) babi, broad bean) tanaman (whole Sudan, Tanzania,
plants) Tunisia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe
Vektor: Aphids; America: Brazil,
Acyrthosiphon Canada, Peru, USA
pisum, Aphis Asia: India, Iran,
craccivora, Japan, Jordan,
Aphis fabae, Lebanon, Nepal,
Uroleucon Pakistan, Syria,
escalantii, Taiwan, Yemen
Ovatus Europe: Belgium,
- 668 -
crataegarius, Bosnia and

Rhopalosiphum Herzegovina, Croatia,
pad Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Turkey, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
83. Pea streak carlavirus (PeSV); I Cicer arietinum (kacang biji (true seeds, America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Alfalfa latent virus, Pea streak arab, chickpea), grains),
virus, Steinklee virus, Pea streak virus) Leguminosae, Medicago tanaman (whole
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), plants)
Pisum sativum (kacang
kapri, pea), Vicia faba Vektor: pea
(kacang babi, broad bean), aphid
Trifolium pretense (semanggi (Agrosiphum
merah, red clover) pisum)
84. Peach latent mosaic pelamoviroid I Prunus persica (persik, akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(PLMVd); peach), Prunus armeniaca buah (fruits), Morocco, South Africa,
(Syn. Peach latent mosaic viroid; (aprikot, apricot), Prunus batang (stems Tunisia
Prunus virus 5; Peach yellow mosaic avium (ceri, sweet cherry), (above ground), America: Argentina,
viroid; Peach yellow mosaic; Peach Prunus domestica (prem, trunks, Canada, Chile, Mexico,
- 669 -
blotch; Peach virus 6; Peach American plum) branches), USA, Uruguay

mosaic disease; Peach American bunga (flowers, Asia: China, Japan,
mosaic pathogen; Peach mosaic; Peach inflorescences, Lebanon, Republic of
calico) cones, calyxs), Korea (South Korea),
daun (leaves), Syria, Turkey
polen (pollen), Europe: Albania,
tanaman (whole Austria, Bosnia and
plants), tunas Herzegovina, Croatia,
(shoots, buds) Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Greece,
Montenegro, North
Macedonia, France,
Italy, Montenegro,
Romania, Serbia,
Slovenia, Spain
Oceania: Australia
85. Peach rosette mosaic nepovirus I Prunus persica (persik, akar (roots), biji Africa: Egypt
(PRMV); peach), Prunus salicina (true seeds, America: Canada, USA
(Syn.Grape decline virus, Grapevine (Japancese plum), grains), batang Asia: India, Turkey
degeneration virus, Peach rosette Rumex crispus, Solanum (stems (above
mosaic virus, Rosette mosaic virus) carolinense, Taraxacum ground),
officinale, Vaccinium trunks,
corymbosum, Vitis lacrusca branches),
(fox grape), Vitis vinifera daun (leaves),
(anggur, grapevine) buah (fruits),
polong (pods),
sulur (stolon),
polen (pollen),
tanah (soils),
media tumbuh
- 670 -
(growing media)
Vektor:
Dorylaimidae,
Longidoridae:
Xiphinema
americanum,
Longidorus
diadecturus
86. Peanut chlorotic streak soymovirus I Arachys hypogaea (kacang tanaman (whole Asia: India
(PCSV); tanah, peanut), Canavalia plants)
(Syn. Peanut chlorotic streak virus, ensiformis, Cyamopsis
Peanut chlorotic streak soymovirus) tetragonoloba, Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean), Vigna
unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea), Spinacia
oleracea, Vicia faba (kacang
babi, broad bean), Vigna
mungbean)
87. Peanut clump pecluvirus (PCV); I Arachys hypogaea (kacang akar (roots), biji Africa: Benin, Burkina
(Syn. Peanut clump furovirus, Peanut tanah, peanut), Saccharum (true seeds, faso, Chad, Congo,
clump virus, Indian peanut clump virus officinarum (tebu, grains), bagal Gabon, Ivory Coast,
(IPCV)) sugarcane), Setaria italyca (sett) Mali, Nigeria, Senegal,
(foxtail millet), Triticum Sudan
aestivum (gandum, wheat), Vektor: Asia: India, Pakistan
Zea mays (jagung, corn, Plasmodiophora
maize) ceae: Polymyxa
graminis
88. Peanut stunt cucumovirus (PSV); I Apium graveolens (seledri, biji (true seeds, Africa: Morocco, Sudan
- 671 -
(Syn. Black locust true mosaic virus, celery), Arachys hypogaea grains), America: USA, Brazil
Clover blotch virus, Groundnut stunt (kacang tanah, peanut), tanaman (whole Asia: China, DPR
virus, Peanut common mosaic virus, Datura stramonium (jimson plants) Korea (North Korea),
Peanut stunt virus, Robinia mosaic weed), Glycine max (kedelai, Georgia, Japan, Iran,
virus) soyabean), Lupinus albus Vektor: Republic of Korea
(white lupine), Lupinus Hemiptera, (South Korea)
luteus (yellow lupin), Aphididae: Europe: Bulgaria,
Nicotiana tabacum Aphis France, Hungary, Italy,
(tembakau, tobacco), craccivora, Poland, Spain
Medicago sativa (alfalfa, Aphis
lucerne), Pisum sativum spiraecola,
(kacang kapri, pea), Myzus persicae
Phaseolus spp. (beans),
common bean), Pisum
sativum (kacang kapri,
peas), Securigera varia
(crown vetch), Solanum
tomato), Tephrosia (hoary-
pea), Trifolium incarnatum
(crimson clover), Trifolium
pratense (semanggi merah,
red clover), Trifolium repens
clover), Trifolium
subterraneum
Trifolium vesiculosum
(arrowleaf clover), Vicia faba
- 672 -
(kacang babi, broadbean),

unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea)
89. Pepino mosaic potexvirus (PepMV) I Amaranthus graecizans, batang (stems Africa: Morocco, South
Amaranthus retroflexus, (above ground(, Africa
Amaranthus viridis, trunks, America: Canada,
Calendula arvensis, branches), biji Chile, Ecuador,
Chenopodium murale, (true seeds, Mexico, Peru, USA
Chrysanthemum segetum grains), buah Asia: China, Syria,
(krisan, chrysanthemum), (fruits), daun Taiwan, Turkey
Convolvulus arvensis, (leaves), polong Europe: Austria,
Convolvulus humilis, Datura (pods) Belgium, Bulgaria,
stramonium (jimsonweed), Cyprus, Denmark,
Gomphrena globose, France, Germany,
Lycopersicon Greece, Hungary,
pimpinellifolium (currant Ireland, Italy,
tomato), Malva neglecta, Lithuania,
Malva nicaeensis, Malva Netherlands, Poland,
parviflora, Malva sylvestris Spain, Switzerland,
(common mallow), Nicotiana United Kingdom,
clevelandii, Ukraine
Nicotiana glauca (tree
tobacco), Nicotiana rustica
(wild tobacco), Ocimum
basilicum, Plantago lagopus
(Mediterranean plantain),
Plantago major (broad-
leaved plantain), Solanum
- 673 -
tomato), Solanum
melongena (terung,
Solanum muricatum (medlon
pear), Solanum nigrum
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Sonchus
asper, Sonchus oleraceus,
Sonchus tenerrimus, Lens
culinaris (lentil)
90. Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV); I Capsicum spp.(peppers), biji (true seeds, Asia: China, Israel, ,
(Syn. Bell pepper mottle virus, Capsicum annuum (cabai, grains), buah Japan, Pakistan
Capsicum mosaic virus, Pepper mild paprika, bell pepper), (fruits) Republic of Korea
mosaic virus, Pepper mild mottle Capsicum frutescens (cabai, (South Korea), Taiwan,
tobamovirus, Pepper mild tigre virus, chili), Physalis angulate Turkey
Pepper mosaic virus, Samsun latent (cutleaf groundchery), Africa : Egypt,
strain of tobacco mosaic virus) Solanum lycopersicum Ethiopia, Senegal,
(tomat, tomato), Vicia faba South Africa, Tunisia,
(kacang babi, broadbean) Zambia
America: Canada,
Mexico, Antiqua and
Barbuda, Barbados,
Haiti, Jamaica,
Montserrat, Saint
Lucia, Trinidad and
Tobago, Panama, USA
Europe: Belgium,
Bulgaria, Czech
- 674 -
Republic, Denmark,
France, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland,
Italy, Netherlands,
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
91. Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus I Cajanus cajan (kacang tanaman (whole Asia: Bangladesh,
(PPSMV) gude, pigeon pea) plants) India, Myanmar,
(Syn. Pigeonpea sterility mosaic Nepal, Sri Lanka,
emavirus) Vektor: Acari; Thailand
arthropoda:
Aceria cajani
92. Plum pox potyvirus (PPV); I Cichorium (chicory), Cirsium akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Tunisia
(Syn. Annulus pruni; Plum pox virus; arvense (creeping thistle), batang (stems), America: Argentina,
Prunus virus 7; Sharka virus) Clematis, Convolvulus bibit Canada, Chile, USA
arvensis (bindweed), (seedlings), biji Asia: China, India,
Euonymus europaeus, (true seeds, Israel, Iran, Jordan,
Juglans regia (walnut), grains), buah Kazakhstan, Pakistan,
Ligustrum vulgare (common (fruits), daun Republic of Korea
privet), Prunus armeniaca (leaves), polong (South Korea), Syria,
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus (pods) Turkey
angustifolia (Mountain Europe: Albania,
cherry tree), Prunus avium Vektor: Aphids: Austria, Belarus,
(ceri, sweet cherry), Prunus Myzus persica, Belgium, Bosnia and
besseyi (bessey cherry), Aphis piricola, Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Prunus cerasifera Hyalopterus Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
(myrobalan plum), Prunus pruni Republic, Denmark,
cistena, Prunus davidiana, Finland, France,
Prunus domestica (prem, Germany, Greece,
- 675 -
plum), Prunus dulcis Hungary, Italy, Latvia,

(almon, badam, almond), Lithuania, Luxemburg,
Prunus emarginata (Bitter Moldova, Montenegro,
cherry tree), Prunus Netherlands, Norway,
fruticosa (dwarf cherry), Poland, Portugal,
Prunus glandulosa Romania, Russian
(flowering almond), Prunus Federation, Serbia,
hortulana, Prunus humilis, Switzerland, Slovakia,
Prunus ilicifolia (holly-leaved Slovenia, Spain,
cherry), Prunus japonica Ukraine, United
(Japanese bush cherry Kingdom
tree), Prunus maackii,
cherry), Prunus maritima
(beach plum), Prunus
mexicana, Prunus nigra
(Canada plumtree), Prunus
padus (bird cherry), Prunus
pensylvanica (pin cherry),
peach), Prunus pumila var.
besseyi, Prunus pumila var.
depressa, Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Prunus
sargentii (sargent's cherry),
flowering cherry), Prunus
serotina (black cherry), ,
Prunus subhirtella (weeping
Japanese cherry), Prunus
- 676 -
spinosa (blackthorn),
Prunus tenella, Prunus
tomentosa (Nanking cherry
tree), Prunus triloba (Rose
tree of China) Prunus
yedoensis, Prunus
virginiana (common
chokecherrytree), Prunus
virginiana var. demissa,
Rorippa sylvestris (creeping
yellowcress), Solanum
nigrum (leunca,black
nightshade), Sonchus
(sowthistle), Taraxacum
officinale complex
(dandelion), Trifolium
(clovers)
93. Potato black ringspot nepovirus I Arracacia xanthorrhiza batang (stems America: Peru
(PBRSV); (arracacha), Oxalis tuberose (above ground),
(Syn.Andean potato calico strain of (oca), Solanum tuberosum trunks,
tobacco ringspot virus, Andean potato (kentang, potato) branches), bibit
calico strains nepovirus, Potato black (seedlings,
ringspot virus, Potato calico strain of micropropgated
tobacco ringspot virus, Tobacco plants), biji
singspot nepovirus (Andean potato (true seeds,
calico strain), Tobacco ringspot grains), daun
nepovoris (potato calico strain), (leaves), umbi
Tobacco ringspot virus (Andean potato (bulbs, corms,
calico strain)) tubers)
- 677 -
94. Potato mop-top pomovirus (PMTV); I Solanum tuberosum akar (roots), America: Bolivia,
(Syn. Potato mop-top furovirus, Potato (kentang, potato) batang (stems Canada, Chile,
mop-top virus) (above ground), Colombia, Costa Rica,
trunks, Peru, USA, Venezuela
branches), Asia: China, Japan,
daun (leaves), Pakistan, Taiwan
umbi (bulbs, Europe: Czech
corms, tubers), Republic, Denmark,
media tumbuh Finland, Germany,
(growing media Ireland, Latvia,
associated with Netherlands, Norway,
plants) Poland, Slovakia,
Vektor: United Kingdom
Protozoa,
Spongospora
subterranea
95. Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid I Beta vulgaris var biji (true seeds, Africa: Egypt, Nigeria
(PSTVd); saccharifera (bit gula, sugar grains), polen America: Argentina,
(Syn. Potato spindle viroid, Potato beet), Brugmansia, (pollens), umbi Brazil, Canada, Costa
spindle tuber viroid, Potato gothic Brugmansia suaveolens (bulbs, corms, Rica, Dominica
virus, Tomato bunchy top viroid) (white angel's trumpet), tuber) Republic, Mexico,
Capsicum annuum (cabai, Peru, Venezuela
paprika, bell pepper ), Asia: Afghanistan,
Cestrum (jessamine), Azerbaijan,
Cestrum nocturnum (night Bangladesh, China,
jessamine), Ipomoea batatas Georgia, India, Iran,
(ubi jalar, sweet potato), Japan, Turkey
Lycianthes rantonnetii, Europe: Austria,
Persea americana (avokad, Belarus, Belgium,
- 678 -
avocado), Petunia hybrid, Croatia, Czech

Physalis peruviana (Cape Republic, Germany,
gooseberry), Solanum Greece, Hungary, Italy,
(nightshade), Solanum Malta, Montenegro,
laxum, Solanum Mexico, Slovenia,
lycopersicum (tomato), Spain, United
Solanum melongena (terung, Kingdom, Ukraine
aubergine, eggplant ), Oceania: Australia
Solanum muricatum (melon
pear), Solanum nigrum
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato),
Streptosolen jamesonii
96. Potato T tepovirus (PVT); I Oxalis tuberosa, Solanum, batang (stems), America: Bolivia, Peru
(Syn. Potato virus T) Solanum tuberosum bibit (seedlings,
(kentang, potato), micropropagate
Tropaeolum tuberosum d plants), biji
(mashua), Ullucus tuberosus (true seeds,
grains), daun
(leaves), umbi
(bulbs, corms,
tubers)
97. Potato U nepovirus (PVU); I Solanum tuberosum biji (true seeds, America: Peru
(Syn. Potato virus U) (kentang, potato), Solanum grains), umbi
lycopersicum (tomat, (bulbs, corms,
tomato) tubers)
- 679 -
Vektor:
Orylaimidae,
Longidoridae:
Longidorus sp.
98. Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus I Chrysanthemum umbi (bulbs, America: USA
(PYDV); leucanthemum var. corms, tubers) Asia: Saudi Arabia
(Syn. Potato yellow dwarf rhabdovirus, pinnatifidum (ox-eye daisy),
Potato yellow dwarf nucleorhabdovirus) Mirabilis jalapa, Nicatiana vektor:
alata, Solanum tuberosum Aceratagallia
(kentang, potato), Tagetes sanguinolenta,
erecta, Trifolium incarnatum, Agallia
Zinnia elegans constricta
99. Potato yellow vein crinivirus (PYVV); I Lycopersicon spp., umbi (bulbs, America: Colombia,
(Syn. Potato yellow vein virus, Potato Polygonum mepalense, corms, tubers), Ecuador, Peru,
vein-yellowing disease, Potato yellow Solanum nigrum (leunca, tanaman (whole Venezuela
vein disease) black nightshade), Solanum plants)
spp., Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Vektor:Hemipte
ra, Aleyrodidae:
Trialeurodes
vaporariorum
100. Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus I Cucumis sativus akar (roots), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(PNRSV); (mentimun, cucumber), batang (stems Morocco, South Africa,
(Syn. Cheryy line pattern virus, Humulus lupulus (hop), (above ground), Tunisia
European plum line pattern virus, Hop Morus alba (murbei, trunks, America: Argentina,
B virus, Hop C virus, North American mulberry), Prunus cerasus branches), bibit Brazil, Canada, Chile,
plum line pattern virus, Peach ringspot (kersen, sour cherry), (seedlings), biji Mexico, USA, Uruguay
virus, Plum (North America) line pattern Prunus domestica (prem, (true seeds,
virus, Plum line pattern virus, Prunus plum), Prunus dulcis grains), bunga Asia: Afghanistan,
necrotic ringspot ilarvirus, Prunus (almon, badam, (flowers, China, India, Iran,
- 680 -
ringspot virus, Red currant necrotic almond), Prunus persica inflorescences, Israel, Japan, Jordan,
ringspot virus, Rose line pattern virus, (persik, pecah), Prunus cones, calyx), Lebanon, Republic of
Rose chlorotic mottle virus, Rose vein salicina (Japanese plum), polen (pollens), Korea (South Korea),
banding virus, Rose yellow vein mosaic Rosa spp. (mawar, rose), tunas (shoots, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
virus, Sour cherry necrotic ringspot Rubus spp. (blackberry, buds) Turkey
virus) raspberry) Europe: Albania,
Austria, Belgium,
Bosnia and
Republic, Denmark,
France, Germany,
Latvia, Malta, Moldova,
Montenegro,
Portugal, Romania,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Ukraine,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
Fiji, New Zealand
101. Radish mosaic comovirus (RaMV) I Brassica napus var. napus tanaman (whole Africa: Morocco
(Syn. Radish enation mosaic virus, (rape), Brassica oleracea plants) America: USA
Radish mosaic comovirus) (cabbages, cauliflowers), Asia: Georgia, India,
Brassica rapa var oleifera Vektor: Japan, Kazakhstan,
(turnip rape), Raphanus Phyllotreta spp., Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
sativus (lobak, radish) Epitrix Turkmenistan,
Brassica napus var. hirtipennis and Uzbekistan,
- 681 -
napobrassica (swede), Eruca Diabrotica Europe: Austria,

vesicaria (purple-vein undecimpunctat Armenia, Azerbaijan,
rocket) a Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Belarus,
Croatia, Kosovo,
Estonia, Germany,
Lithuania, Moldova,
Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Ukraine
102. Raspberry ringspot nepovirus (RpRSV); I Cynara scolymus, Forsythia biji (true seeds, Asia: Iran, Kazakhstan,
(Syn. Raspberry ringspot virus, spp., Fragaria, Fragaria grains), polen Turkey
Raspberry Scottish leaf curl virus, Red ananassa (stroberi, (pollens), Europe: Albania,
currant ringspot virus, Red currant strawberry), Fragaria vesca tanaman (whole Belarus, Belgium,
ringspot virus) (wild strawberry), Ligustrum plants) Bosnia and
vulgare (common privet), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Narsisus pseudonarcissus, Vektor: Croatia, Czech
Phlox, Prunus avium (ceri, Dorylaimidae, Republic, Finland,
sweet cherry), Prunus Longidoridae: France, Germany,
cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Vitis Longidorus Greece, Ireland, Italy,
vinifera (anggur, grapevine), elongatus, L. Latvia, Luxemburg,
Prunus domestica (prem, macrosoma, Montenegro,
plum), Prunus americana Xiphinema Netherlands, North
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus diversicaudatu Macedonia, Norway,
persica (persik, peach), m Portugal, Russian
Ribes spp. (currants), Ribes Federation, Serbia,
rubrum, Ribes uva-crispa, Switzerland, Turkey,
Rubus spp., Rubus idaeus United Kingdom
- 682 -
(raspberry), Weigela daphne

103. Red clover vein mosaic carlavirus I Cicer arietinum (kacang biji (true seeds, America: USA
(RCVMV); arab, chickpea), Lens grains), Europe: Germany,
(Syn. Clover (red) vein mosaic virusm culinaris (lentil), Medicago tanaman (whole Lithuania, Netherlands
Red clover vein mosaic carlavirus, sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), plants) Oceania: New Zealand
Marmor trifolii, Pea stunt virus, Vein Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis,
mosaic virus of red clover) common bean), Pisum
sativum (kacang kapri, pea), Vektor: aphids
Trifolium pratense
(semanggi merah, red
clover)
104. Rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus I Avena sativa (oat, oats), biji (true seeds, Asia: China, Korea
(RBSDV); Beckmannia syzigachne grains) (North Korea), Japan,
(Syn. Black streaked dwarf disease, (american sloughgrass), DPR, Republic of Korea
Rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus, Eleusine coracana (finger Vektor: (South Korea)
Rice black streak virus, Rice streak millet), Festuca arundinacea Delpacidae:
(dwarf) virus) (reed fescue), Hordeum Laodelphax
vulgare (barli, barley), striatellus
Lolium multiflorum (Italian
ryegrass), Lolium perenne
(perennial ryegrass), Oryza
Panicum miliaceum (millet),
Phleum pratense (timothy),
Poa annua (annual
meadowgrass), Secale
cereale (rye), Setaria italica
(foxtail millet), Sorghum
- 683 -

Triticum (wheat), Triticum
maize)
105. Rice dwarf phytoreovirus (RDV); I Echinochloa frumentacea tanaman (whole Asia: China, DPR
(Syn. Oryza virus 1, Rice dwarf virus, (Japanese millet), Poaceae plants) Korea (North Korea),
Rice mosaic virus, Rice stunt) (grasses), Oryza sativa India, Japan, Nepal,
(padi, paddy, rice) Vektor: Philippines, Republic
Hemiptera, of Korea (South Korea),
Cicadellidae: Thailand, Vietnam
Nephotettix Europe: Bulgaria
cincticeps, N.
nigropictus,
Nephotettix
spp., Recilia
dorsalis
106. Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus (RHBV); I Avena sativa (oat, oats), tanaman (whole America: Argentina,
(Syn. Echinochloa hoja blanca virus, Echinocloa colona (jungle plants) Belize, Brazil,
Rice hoja blanca virus) rice), Hordeum vulgare Colombia, Costa Rica,
(barli, barley), Oryza sativa Vektor: Cuba, Dominica
(padi, paddy, rice), Triticum Hemiptera, Republic, Ecuador, El
aestivum (gandum, wheat), Delphacidae: Salvador, Guatemala,
Secale cereale (rye) Tagosodes Guyana, Honduras,
orizicolus Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Peru, Puerto
Rico, Suriname,
USA, Venezuela
- 684 -
107. Rice stripe tenuivirus (RSV); I Avena sativa (oat, oats), tanaman (whole Asia: China, DPR
(Syn. Rice stripe virus) Cyperus spp., Hordeum plants) Korea (North Korea),
vulgare (barli, barley), Japan, Republic of
Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, Vektor: Korea (South Korea),
rice), Panicum miliaceum Hempitera, Taiwan, Vietnam
(millet), Triticum aestivum Delphacidae: Europe: Russian
(gandum, wheat), Secale Laodelphax Federation
cereale (rye), Zea mays striatellus,
(jagung, corn, maize) Terthron
albovittatum,
Unkanodes
sapporona,
Unkanodes
albifascia
108. Rice yellow mottle sobemovirus I Cynodon dactylon (rumput biji (true seeds, Africa: Burkina Faso,
(RYMV); bermuda, bermuda grass), grains), Burundi, Cameroon,
(Syn. Rice yellow mottle virus) Cyperus esculentus (yellow tanaman (whole Central African
nutsedge), Cyperus plants) Republic, Chad, DR
rotundus (rumput teki, Congo, Ethiopia, Ivory
purple nutsedge), Vektor: Coast, Gambia, Ghana,
Echinocloa colona (jungle Coleoptera, Guinea-Bissau,
rice), Echinochloa crus-galli Chrysomelidae: Guinea, Kenya,
(barnyard grass), Eleocharis Sesselia pusilla, Liberia, Madagascar,
complanata, Eleusine indica Chaetocnema Mali, Mauritania,
(goose grass), Eragrostis, spp., Dactylispa Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
Fuirena umbellata, Imperia spp., Dicladisa Senegal, Sierra Leone,
cylindrica (cagon grass), viridicyanea, Tanzania, Togo,
Kylinga pumila, Trichispa Uganda, Zimbabwe
Megathyrsus maximus sericea,
(Guinea grass), Oryza sativa Chrysomelidae
- 685 -
(padi, paddy, rice), Oryza lain

glaberrima (African rice),
Panicum miliaceum,
Panicum repens (torpedo
grass), Paspalum vaginatum
(seashore paspalum)
109. Rice yellow stunt nucleorhabdovirus I Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, tanaman (whole Asia: China, Japan,
(RTYV); rice) plants) Lao PDR (Laos),
(Syn. Rice yellow stunt virus, Rice Taiwan, Thailand,
transitory yellowing virus, Rice Vektor: Vietnam
transitory yellowing rhabdovirus) Hemiptera,
Cicadellidae:
Nephotettix
cincticeps,
Nephotettix
nigropictus,
Nephotettix
virescens
110. Satsuma dwarf sadwavirus (SDV); I Citroncirus spp., Citrus spp. biji (true seeds, Asia: China, DPR
(Syn. CiMV, Citrus mosaic virus, (jeruk, orange), Citrus grains), Korea (North Korea),
Citrus satsuma dwarf nepovirus, deliciosa (meditera tanaman (whole Iran, Japan, Republic
Citrus (navel orange) infectious mandarin), Citrus plants), tunas of Korea (South Korea),
mottling virus, NDV, Natsudaidai natsudaidai, Citrus sinensis (shoots,buds) Turkey
dwarf virus, Navel orange infectious (navel orange), Citrus
mottling virus, Satsuma dwarf virus, unshiu (satsuma), Citrus
SDV) tangelo, Fragaria x
ananassa, Fortunella spp.
(kumquat), Phaseolus
bean), Poncirus trifoliata
- 686 -
(trifoliate orange)
111. Southern bean mosaic sobemovirus I Glycine max (kedelai, biji (ture seeds, Africa: Benin, Ghana,
(SBMV); soyabean), Phaseolus grains) Ivory Coast, Morocco,
(Syn. Bean southern mosaic virus, lunatus (kacang koro, lima Nigeria, Senegal, Togo
Bean mosaic virus 4, Marmor bean), Phaseolus vulgaris Vektor: America: Brazil,
laesiofaciens, Phaseolusvirus laedens (buncis, common bean), Chrysomelidae Colombia, Costa Rica,
Southern bean mosaic sobemovirus, Vigna radiata, Vigna mungo Mexico, Nicaragua,
Southern bean mosaic virus 1,) (black gram), Vigna USA, Venezuela
unguiculata (kacang Asia: China, Georgia,
tunggak, cowpea) India, Iran,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan,
Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
Estonia, France,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Spain, Russian
Federation, Ukraine
112. Sri Lankan cassava mosaic I Jatropha curcas (jarak batang (stems Asia: Cambodia,
begomovirus (SLCMV) pagar, jatropha), Manihot (above ground), China, India, Sri
(Syn. Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus) esculenta (ubi kayu, trunks, Lanka, Vietnam
cassava) branches)
Vektor: Bemisia
tabaci
113. Strawberry crinkle cytorhabdovirus I Fragaria ananassa bibit (seedlings, Africa: South Africa
- 687 -
(SCrV); (stroberi, strawberry), micropropagate America: Argentina,

(Syn. Strawberry crinkle virus, Fragaria sp. (stroberi, d plants), Brazil, Chile, Canada,
Strawberry crinkle rhabdovirus, strawberry), Fragaria bunga (flowers, Mexico, USA
Strawberry latent virus A, chiloensis (Chilean inflorescences, Asia: China, Israel,
Strawberry latent virus B, Strawberry strawberry), Fragaria vesca cones, calyx), Japan, Kazakhstan,
lesion A virus, Strawberry lesion B (wild strawberry) buah (fruits), Republic of Korea
virus, Strawberry vein chlorosis) tanaman (whole (South Korea)
plants) Europe: Belgium,
Bosnia and
Vektor: Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Chaetosiphon Croatia, Czech
fragararfolli Republic, France,
Germany, Italy,
Montenegro, Moldova,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
Fiji, New Zealand
114. Strawberry latent ringspot nepovirus I Aesculus, Apium graveolens biji (true seeds, Africa: Egypt
(SLRSV); (seledri, celery), Asparagus grains), America: Canada,
(Syn. Aesculus line pattern virus, officinalis (asparagus, tanaman (whole Mexico, USA
Rhubarb virus 5, Strawberry latent aspharagus), Fragaria vesca plants), umbi Asia: India, Lebanon,
ringspot virus, Strawberry latent (wild strawberry), Fragaria (bulbs, corm, Syria, Turkey
ringspot sadwavirus) x ananassa, Humulus tubers) Europe: Albania,
lupulus (common hop), Belarus, Belgium,
Lilium sp., Narsisus sp., Vektor: Bosnia and
Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), Dorylaimida, Herzegovina, Croatia,
- 688 -
Prunus americana (aprikot, Longidoridae: Czech Republic,

apricot), Prunus avium (ceri, Xiphinema Finland, France,
sweet cherry), Prunus diversicaudatu Germany, Hungary,
domestica (prem, plum), m, X. coxi, Ireland, Italy,
Prunus persica (persik, Paralongidorus Luxemburg,
peach), Rheum hybridum maximus Montenegro,
(rhubarb), Ribes nigrum, Netherlands, North
Ribes rubrum, Rubus Macedonia, Northern
fruticosa, Rubus ideaus, Ireland, Poland,
Sambucus nigra, Trifolium Portugal, Serbia,
repens (semanggi putih, Slovenia, Spain,
white clover), Vaccinium Switzerland, United
darrowii, Vitis vinifera KingdomOceania: New
(anggur, grapevine), Zealand
Vaccinium darrowii
(blueberry)
115. Strawberry mild yellow edge I Fragaria sp., Fragaria bunga (flowers, Africa: Egypt, South
potexvirus (SMYEV); ananassa (stroberi, inflourescences, Africa
(Syn. Strawberry mild yellow edge strawberry), Fragaria cones, calyxs), America: Argentina,
disease; Strawberry yellow edge; chiloensis (Chilean buah (fruits), Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Strawberry mild yellow edge virus; strawberry), Fragaria ovalis, bibit (seedlings/ Mexico, Paraguay, USA
Strawberry mild yellow edge Fragaria vesca (wild micropropagate Asia: China, India,
associated virus; Strawberry strawberry), Fragaria d plants), Israel, Japan,
xanthosis; strawberry virus 2, virginiana (scarlet tanaman (whole Kazakhstan
Strawberry veinbanding caulimovirus, strawberry) plants) Europe: Belgium,
Strawberry virus 5) Bosnia and
Croatia, Czech
Republic, France,
Germany, Hungary,
- 689 -
Ireland, Italy,
Luxemburg,
Montenegro,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Serbia, Slovakia,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
116. Strawberry vein banding caulimovirus I Fragaria spp. Fragaria batang (stems America: Brazil,
(SVBV); ananassa (stroberi, (above ground), Canada, Chile, USA
(Syn. Strawberry vein banding virus; strawberry), Fragaria vesca trunks, Asia: China, Japan
Strawberry virus 5) (wild strawberry), Fragaria, branches), Europe: Croatia, Czech
daun (leaves), Republic, Hungary,
bibit Italy, Montenegro,
(seedlings,micro North Macedonia,
propagated Russian Federation,
plants), tunas Serbia, Slovakia,
(shoots, buds) United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia
117. Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe A Saccharum officinarum stek batang America: Cuba,
virus (SCBGAV) (tebu, sugarcane), (stem cuttings) Guadeloupe
Saccharum hybrid cultivar Asia: China
Vektor:
Mealybug
118. Sugarcane bacilliform Guadeloupe D Saccharum officinarum stek batang America: Cuba,
- 690 -
virus (SCBGDV) (tebu, sugarcane), (stem cuttings) Guadeloupe

Saccharum hybrid cultivar Asia: China
Vektor:
Mealybug
119. Sugarcane bacilliform IM virus Erianthus spp., Saccharum stek batang America: Guadeloupe
(SCBIMV) spp., Saccharum officinarum (stem cuttings) Asia: India
(tebu, sugarcane), Oceania: Australia
Saccharum robustum, Vektor:
Saccharum hybrid cultivar, Mealybug
Saccharum berberi,
Saccharum sinense
120. Sugarcane bacilliform MO virus Erianthus spp., Musa stek batang Africa: Morocco
(SCBMOV) acuminata, Oryza sativa (stem cuttings) America: Cuba,
(Syn. Sugarcane bacilliform Mor (padi, paddy, rice), Guadeloupe,
badnavirus) Saccharum spp. Vektor: Asia: China, India
Mealybug
121. Sugarcane mild mosaic virus (SCMMV) I Oryza sativa (padi, rice, bagal (setts), Africa: Chad,
paddy), Saccharum batang (stems Madagascar, Malawi,
barberry, Saccharum (above ground), Mauritius, South
officinarum (tebu, trunks, Africa, Tanzania,
sugarcane), Saccharum branches) Zambia, Zimbabwe
sinense, Sorghum bicolor America: USA
(sorgum, sorghum), Vektor:
Sorghum halepense Hemiptera,
(Johnson grass) Pseudococcidae
: Saccharicoccus
sacchari
122. Sugarcane yellow leaf polerovirus I Hordeum vulgare (barli, batang (stems Africa: Kenya, Malawi,
(ScYLV); barley), Saccharum (above ground), Mauritius, Morocco,
- 691 -
(Syn. Sugarcane yellow leaf virus) officinarum (tebu, trunks, Reunion, Senegal,
sugarcane), Saccharum branches), South Africa, Uganda,
robustum, Saccharum bagal (sett), Zambia, Zimbabwe
sinensis, Saccharum suluran America: Argentina,
spontaneum, Sorghum (stolon), Barbados, Brazil,
bicolor (sorgum, sorghum) tanaman (whole Colombia, Cuba,
plants) Dominica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Hawaii,
Vektor: Jamaica, Mexico, Peru,
Hemiptera, USA
Aphididae: Asia: Iran, India,
Melanaphis Thailand
sacchari, Oceania: Australia,
Rhopalosiphum Papua New Guinea
maidis
123. Tobacco necrosis necrovirus (TNV); I Cucumis sativus akar (roots), Africa: South Africa
(Syn. Bean stipple streak virus, (mentimun, cucumber), batang (stems Amerika: Brazil,
Chenopodium necrosis necrovirus, Daucus carota (wortel, (above ground), Canada, USA.
Cucumber necrosis virus, Euonymus carrot), Beta vulgaris (bit, trunks, Asia: China, India,
mosaic virus, Strawberry necrotic beet root), Cucurbita pepo branches), Japan, Turkey
rosette virus, Tobacco necrosis (labu kuning, zukini, daun (leaves), Europe: Belgium,
necorvirus, tulip Augusta disease zucchini), Cyamopsis tanaman (whole Bosnia and
virus, Tulip necrosis virus) tetragonoloba (guar), plants), umbi Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Euonymus europaeus, (bulbs, corms, Czech Republic,
Fraxinus excelsior (ash), tubers) Denmark, France,
Fragaria ananassa Finland, Germany,
(stroberi, strawberry), Vektor: Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
Lactuca sativa (selada, Olphidium Netherlands, Norway,
lettuce), Lycopersicon brassicae Romania, Russian
esculentum (tomat, tomato), Federation, Slovakia,
- 692 -
Malus domestica (apel, Spain, Sweden,

apple), Nicotiana tabacum Switzerland, United
(tembakau, tobacco), Kingdom
Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Oceania: Australia,
common bean), Pelargonium New Zealand
(pelargoniums), Pisum
sativum (kacang kapri, pea),
Populus tremuloides
(trembling aspen), Prunus
Vitis vinifera (grapevine),
Echium plantagineum
(Paterson's curse), Solanum
tuberosum (kentang,
potato),
Tulipa (tulip)
124. Tobacco rattle tobravirus (TRV); I Allium cepa (bawang bagian vegetatif Africa: Egypt, South
(Syn. Aster ringspot virus, Belladonna bombay, onion), Allium tanaman Africa, Tunisia
mosaic virus, Potato stem mottle virus, sativum (bawang putih, (vegetative plant America: Bolivia,
Peony mosaic virus, Peony ringspot garlic), Alstroemeria (inca propagation), Brazil, Cuba, Canada,
virus, Paeony mosaic virus, Paeony lily), Amaranthus (grain batang (stems USA, Venezuela
ringspot virus, Potato corky ringspot amaranth), Anemone (above ground), Asia: Bangladesh,
virus, Ratel virus, Tabakmauche virus, (windflower), arcissus trunks, China, India, Israel,
Tabakstreifen-und Kra, Spinach yellow (daffodil), Artemisia branches), biji Japan, Republic of
mottle virus, Tobacco rattle tobravirus, (wormwoods), Artemisia (true seeds, Korea (South Korea),
Tobacco rattle virus, Tulip white streak vulgaris (mugwort), Beta grains), daun Uzbekistan
virus, Oregon yellow virus) vulgaris var. saccharifera (leaves), tunas Europe: Austria,
- 693 -
(bit gula, sugar beet), (tubers, corms, Belarus, Belgium,

Brassica sp., Capsella bulbs) Bulgaria, Bosnia and
bursa-pastoris (shepherd's Herzegovina, Czech
purse), Capsicum annuum Vektor: Republic, Croatia,
(cabai, paprika, bell Trichodoridae Denmark, Finland,
pepper), Cyclamen, Cynara France, Serbia,
cardunculus L. var. Slovenia, Slovakia,
scolymus (globe artichoke), Germany, Greece,
Daucus carota (wortel, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
carrot), Fraxinus (ash), Latvia, Lithuania,
Freesia, Galium mollugo Montenegro, North
(Hedge bedstraw), Gladiolus Macedonia, Moldova,
hybrids (sword lily), Hosta Netherlands, Norway,
spp., Iris (iris), Lactuca Poland, Russian
sativa (selada, lettuce), Federation, Sweden,
Lilium candidum (madonna Switzerland, United
lily), Lilium longiflorum Kingdom
(easter lily), Malva Oceania: Australia,
(mallow),Nicotiana tabacum New Zealand
Peperomia, Phaseolus
bean), Phlox paniculata
(summer perennial phlox),
Phlox, Physalis
(groundcherry), Plantago sp.
(Plantain), Portulaca
oleracea (purslane), Rumex
(Dock), Secale cereale (rye),
- 694 -

tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Sonchus
(Sowthistle), Stellaria media
(common chickweed),
Tulipa (tulip), Tussilago
farfara (Colt's-foot), Viola
arvensis (feld pansy)
125. Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV); I Asparagus officinalis akar (roots), Africa: South Africa,
(Syn. Asparagus stunt virus, (asparagus, asparagus), batang (stems Sudan
Asparagus stunt virus, Black Capsicum annuum (cabai, (above ground), America: Argentina,
raspberry latent ilarvirus, Black paprika, bell pepper), trunks, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
raspberry latent virus, Bean red node Carica papaya (pepaya, branches), bibit Mexico, Peru, USA,
strain, Black raspberry latent strain, papaya), Cicer arietinum (seedlings, Venezuela
Datura quercina virus, New logan (kacang arab, chickpea), micropropagate Asia: China, India,
virus, Nicotiana virus 8, Nicotiana virus Cichorium endivia (endive), d plants), biji Iran, Israel, Japan,
vulnerans, Strawberry necrotic shock Cucumis sativus (true seeds, Pakistan, Singapore
virus, Tractus orae, Tobacco streak (mentimun, cucumber), grains), buah Europe: Bosnia and
virus) Cynara scolymus (fruits), bunga Herzegovina, Croatia,
(artichoke), Cyphomandra (flowers, Czech Republic,
betacea (terung Belanda, inflorescences, Denmark, France,
tree tomato), Dahlia, cones, calyx), Italy, Montenegro,
Eustoma grandiflorum daun (leaves), North Macedonia,
(Lisianthus), Fragaria, kayu (woods), Netherlands, Norway,
Gladiolus hybrids, Glycine polen (pollens), Russian Federation,
max (kedelai, soyabean), tunas (shoots, Serbia, Slovenia,
Gossypium herbaceum trunks) United Kingdom
(Levant cotton), Helianthus Oceania: Australia,
annuus (bunga matahari, Vektor: trips New Zealand
sunflower), Lactuca sativa
- 695 -
(selada, lettuce), Medicago

Melilotus alba ( raspberry),
Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Pisum
sativum (kacang kapri, pea),
Rubus sp., Rubus ursinus,
tuberosum (kentang,
potato), Trifolium pretense,
Trigonella foenumgraecum,
unguiculata (kacang
tunggak, cowpea)
126. Tomato aspermy cucumovirus (TAV); I Aster, Canna sp., batang (stems America: Canada, USA
(Syn. Chrysanthemum aspermy virus, Chrysanthemum spp. (above grouns), Asia: China, Georgia,
Chrysanthemum mild mottle virus, (krisan, chrysanthemum), trunks, India, Japan,
Chrysanthemum mosaic virus, Capsicum annuum (cabai, branches), biji Kazakhstan,
Cucumis virus 1, Lycopersicon virus 7, paprika, bell pepper), (true seeds, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Tomato aspermy virus) Capsicum spp., Lilium sp., grains), bunga Turkmenistan,
Mentha spicata, Petunia (flowers, Uzbekistan
hybrida, Solanum inflorescences, Europe: Armenia,
lycopersicum (tomat, cones, calyx), Azerbaijan, Belarus,
tomato), Zinnia elegans umbi (bulbs, Bosnia and
(zinnia) corms, tubers) Herzegovina, Croatia,
Estonia, Latvia,
Vektor: Lithuania, Moldova,
Hemiptera, Montenegro, North
- 696 -
Aphididae: Macedonia, Poland,

Myzus persicae Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Ukraine
Oceania: Australia,
New Zealand
127. Tomato black ring nepovirus (TBRV); I Allium cepa (bawang akar (roots), America: Chile
(Syn. Bean ringspot virus; Beet ringspot bombai, onion), Allium batang (stems Asia: India, Japan,
virus; Lettuce ringspot virus; Potato porrum (leek), Apium (above ground), Turkey
bouquet virus; Potato pseudo-aucuba graveolens (seledri, celery), trunks, Europe: Albania,
virus, Tomato black ring virus) Beta vulgaris var. branches), biji Belarus, Belgium,
saccharifera (bit gula, sugar (true seeds, Bulgaria, Croatia,
beet), Brassica napus var. grains), buah Czech Republic,
napobrassica (swede), (fruits), bunga Finland, France,
Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (flowers, Germany, Greece,
(turnip), Capsella bursa- inflorescences, Hungary, Ireland,
pastoris (shepherd's purse), cones, calyx), Moldova, Montenegro,
Capsicum, Cucumis sativus daun (leaves), Netherlands, Norway,
(mentimun, cucumber), sulur (stolon), Poland, Romania,
Cucurbita pepo (labu tunas (shoots, Russia, Serbia,
kuning, zukini, zucchini), buds), umbi Sweden, Switzerland,
Cynara cardunculus L. var. (bulbs, corms, United Kingdom
scolymus (globe artichoke), tubers)
Fragaria, Fragaria
ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Forsythia Vektor:
intermedia (Golden bells), Longidorus
Gladiolus hybrids (sword
lily), Herbaceous plant,
- 697 -
lettuce), Lamium
amplexicaule (henbit
deadnettle), Lycopersicon
esculentum (tomat, tomato),
Narcissus (daffodil),
common bean), Prunus
Ribes sp., Rubus sp.,
Sambucus nigra (elder),
Solanum tuberosum
(kentang, potato), Syringa
vulgaris (lilac), Vitis vinifera
(anggur, grapevine),
Sambucus nigra (elder)
128. Tomato ringspot nepovirus (ToRSV); I Cydonia oblonga (quinece), akar (roots), Africa: Egypt, Togo
(Syn. Apple union necrotic nepovirus, Fragaria chiloensis (Chilean batang (stems America: Brazil,
Blackberry (Himalaya) mosaic virus, strawberry), Malus (above ground), Canada, Chile,
Eumonymus chlorotic ringspot virus, domestica (apel, apple), trunks, Colombia, Mexico,
Eumonymus ringspot virus, Gravelins Nicotiana tabacum branches), Puerto Rico, Peru,
yellow vein virus, Nicotiana 13 virus, (tembakau, tobacco), buah (fruits), USA, Venezuela
Peach stem pitting virus, Prune brown Pelargonium sp., Prunus, bunga (flowers, Asia: China, India,
line virus, Prunus stem pitting virus, Prunus armeniaca (aprikot, inflorescences), Iran, Japan, Jordan,
Red currant mosaic vurus, Tobacco apricot), Prunus avium (ceri, biji (true seeds, Oman, Pakistan,
ringspot virus 2, Tomato ringspot virus, sweet cherry), Prunus grains), daun Republic of Korea
Winter peach mosaic virus) cerasus (kersen, sour (leaves), (South Korea), Turkey
cherry), Prunus domestica tanaman (whole Europe: Belarus,
(prem, plum), Prunus plants), sulur Belgium, Croatia,
- 698 -
persica (persik, peach), (stolon) Czech, Denmark,

Prunus salicina (Japanese France, Germany,
plum), Ribes sp., Rubbus Vektor: Italy, Lithuania,
sp., Rubbus idaeus (rasberi, Xiphinema Montenegro, Norway,
raspberry), Vitis spp. americanum, Russia, Serbia,
(anggur, grapevine), Vitis Xiphinema Slovakia,
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) rivesi Oceania: Fiji, New
Zealand
129. Tomato torrado torradovirus (ToTV) I Amaranthus, Atriplex, biji (true seeds, Africa: Morocco,
(Syn. Tomato torrado virus) Capsicum annuum (cabai, grains), Canary Island, South
paprika, bell pepper), tanaman (whole Africa
Chenopodium, Malva, plants) America: Colombia,
Nicotiana benthamiana, Panama
Nicotiana glauca, Nicotiana Europe: Hungary,
glutinosa, Nicotiana rustica, Vektor: Italy, Poland, Spain
Physalis floridana, Bemisia tabaci Oceania: Australia
Polygonum, Solanum
lycopersicum, Solanum
melongena (terung,
black night shade),
Spergularia
130. Watermelon silver mottle tospovirus I Cucumis melo (melon, akar (roots), Asia: China, India,
(WSMoV) melon), Citrulus lanatus batang (stems, Japan, Taiwan
(Syn. Watermelon silver mottle (semangka, watermelon) trunks,
orthospovirus, Watermelon silver mottle branches), bibit
virus, Watermelon silvery mottle virus, (seedlings,
Watermelon tospovirus, Watermelon micropropagate
spotted wilt virus) d plants), buah
- 699 -
(fruits), daun
(leaves)
Vektor: Trips
palmi
131. Wheat streak mottle potyvirus I Avena sativa (oats, oats), biji (true seeds, Asia: China, Iran,
(Syn.Wheat streak mosaic potyvirus, Bromus tectorum (downy grains), Jordan, Kazakhstan,
Wheat streak mosaic rymovirus) brome), Echinohcloa crus tanaman (whole Syria, Turkey,
galli (barnyard grass), plants) Uzbekistan
Eleusine coracana (finger Africa: Zambia
millet), Hordeum vulgare America: Argentina,
(barley), Panicum capillare Brazil, Canada,
(tumble panicgrass), Poa Mexico, USA
pratensis (smooth meadow- Europe: Bosnia and
grass), Secale cereal (rye), Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Setaria viridis (green Croatia, Czech
foxtail), Triticum sp., Republic, Germany,
Triticum aestivum (gandum, Hungary, Italy,
wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Moldova, Montenegro,
corn, maize) North Macedonia,
Poland, Romania,
Serbia, Slovenia,
Slovakia, Ukraine
- 700 -
B. JENIS OPTK KATEGORI A2
1. SERANGGA (INSECTS)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Acanthoscelides obtectus Say.; II Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, biji (true seeds Indonesia: Jawa, Sulawesi
(Syn. Acanthoscelides irresectus pigeon pea), Cicer arietinum (inc. grain)) Africa: Angola, Burundi,
Fåhraeus, Acanthoscelides tetricus (kacang arab, chickpea), DR Congo, Egypt, Kenya,
Gyllenhal, Bruchidius obsoletus, Glycine max (kedelai, Lesotho, Malawi,
Bruchidius obtectus Say, Bruchus soyabean), Lathyrus sativus Mauritius, Morocco,
fabae Riley, Bruchus irresectus, (grasspea), Phaseolus Nigeria, Reunion, Rwanda,
Bruchus obsoletus (Say), Bruchus acutifolius (tepary bean), Saint Helena, Senegal,
obtectus Say, Bruchus tetricus Phaseolus coccineus (runner Seychelles, South Africa,
Gyllenhal, Laria obtectus Say, Larra bean), Phaseolus (beans), Spain, Swaziland,
irresectus, Mylabris obtectus Say); Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Tanzania, Uganda,
(Coleoptera: Bruchidae); Phaseolus vulgaris (buncis, Zambia, Zimbabwe
bean bruchid, American seed beetle, common bean), Pisum sativum America: Argentina,
bean beetle, bean weevil, common (pea), Vicia faba (faba bean), Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
bean weevil, dried bean beetle, dried Vigna unguiculata (kacang Canada, Chile, Colombia,
bean weevil panjang, cowpea), Zea mays Costa Rica, Cuba,
(jagung, corn, maize) Dominican Republic,
Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
- 701 -
Guyana, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
USA, Venezuela
Asia: India, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Georgia, Kazakhstan,
Malaysia, Myanmar,
Turkey, Vietnam
Europe: Albania, Armenia,
Austria, Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina,
Republic, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Kosovo,
North Macedonia,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Switzerland
Zealand, Papua New
Guinea
2. Altha alastor Tams.; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang (stems, Indonesia: Sulawesi
(Lepidoptera: Limacodidae); coconut) dan Palmae lainnya, trunks,
- 702 -
ulat siput/slug caterpillar, the moth of Bombax (Malvaceae) shoots,

borneo branches),
daun (leaves),
bunga
(flowers,
inflorescences,
cones, calyx),
buah (fruits)
3. Amblypelta theobromae Brown; II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, batang (stems, Indonesia: Papua
(Hemiptera: Coreidae); coconut), Theobroma cacao trunks, Oceania: Papua New
coconut bug (kakao, cocoa) shoots, Guinea
branches,
daun (leaves),
buah (fruits)
4. Atherigona soccata Rondani, 1871; II Brachiaria reptans (sprawling batang (stems) Indonesia: Maluku
(Syn. Atherigona indica Malloch, 1923, panicum), Brachiaria Africa: Burkina Faso, DR
Atherigona indica ssp. infuscata brizantha, Cymbopogon citratus Congo, Egypt, Ghana,
Emden, 1941, Atherigona varia var. (serai wangi, citronella grass), Kenya, Madagascar,
soccata (Rondani) Hennig, 1961); Cymbopogon ceasius, Cynodon Malawi, Mauritius,
(Diptera: Muscidae); dactylon (rumput bermuda, Morocco, Nigeria,
sorghum shoot (stem) fly, great fly, bermuda grass), Desmostachya Réunion, South Africa,
millet stem fly, millet stem maggot bipinnata (halfa grass), Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda,
Digitaria sanguinalis (large Zimbabwe
crabgrass), Echinochloa colona Asia: Bangladesh, China,
(junglerice), Echinochloa crus- India, Iraq, Israel,
galli (barnyard grass), Eleusine Myanmar, Nepal,
coracana (jaba, finger’s millet), Pakistan, Philippines,
Eleusine indica (goose grass), Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Eragrostis japonica (delicate Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam
lovegrass), Eriochloa procera Europe: Italy
- 703 -
(tropical cupgrass),
Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea
grass), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy, rice), Panicum
antidotale (elbow grass),
Panicum miliaceum (millet),
Panicum repens (torpedo
grass), Paspalum scrobiculatum
(ricegrass paspalum),
Pennisetum glaucum (bajra,
pearl millet), Pennisetum
(feather grass), Rottboellia
cochinchinensis (itch grass),
Setaria intermedia, Setaria
pumila (yellow foxtail), Setaria
verticillata (bristly foxtai),
Sorghum arundinaceum,
sorghum), Sorghum halepense
(Johnson grass), Sorghum
propinquum, Sorghum
purpureosericeum, Triticum
Urochloa brizantha (palisade
grass), Urochloa distachya, Zea
5. Bactrocera bryoniae (Tryon); II Bryonopsis affinis, Capsicum buah (fruits Indonesia: Bali,
(Syn. Chaetodacus bryoniae); frutescens (cabai rawit, chilies), (inc. pods)), Kalimantan, Maluku
(Diptera: Tephritidae); Musa spp. (pisang, banana), media tanam Utara, Papua
fruit fly Mangifera indica (mangga, (growing Oceania: Australia,
- 704 -
mango), Passiflora media French Polynesia, New

quadrangularis (markisa, associated Caledonia
granadilla, passion-fruit) with plants),
tanah (soil)
6. Bactrocera musae (Tryon, 1972).; II Carica papaya (pepaya, buah (fruit Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(Syn. Bactrocera (Bactrocera) musae papaya), Musa spp. (pisang, (inc. pods), Barat), Kalimantan,
Tryon, 1927, Chaetodacus dorsopicta banana), Musa acuminata (wild media tanam Maluku, Nusa Tenggara
Tryon, 1927, Chaetodacus dorso-picta banana), Musa banksii (wild (growing Barat (Lombok), Sulawesi,
Tryon, 1927, Chaetodacus musae banana), Musa x paradisiaca media Papua
Tryon, 1927, Chaetodacus tryoni var. (plaintain), Psidium guajava accompanying Asia: Philippines
musae Tryon, 1927, Dacus musae (jambu biji, guava), Ximenia plants), tanah Oceania: Australia, Papua
Hardy, 1951, Dacus nigrofasciatus americana (hog plum) (soil) New Guinea
Tryon, 1927, Dacus ornatissimus
Froggatt, 1909, Strumeta musae May,
1953);
(Diptera: Tephritidae);
banana fruit fly
7. Bactrocera occipitalis (Bezzi); II Achras (=Manilkara) zapota buah (fruit Indonesia: Kalimantan
(Syn. Chaetodacus ferrugineus var. (sawo, sapodilla), Averrhoa (inc. pods), Asia: Brunei Darussalam,
occipitalis Bezzi, Chaetodacus carambola (belimbing, media tanam Malaysia, Philippines
occipitalis Bezzi, 1919, Dacus dorsalis carambola, star fruit), Citrus (growing
var. occipitalis (Bezzi), Dacus occipitalis reticulata (jeruk mandarin, media
(Bezzi), Strumeta pedestris var. mandarin, tangerine, mandarin associated
occipitalis (Bezzi)); orange), Mangifera indica with plants),
(Diptera: Tephritidae) (mangga, mango), Psidium tanah (soil)
Spondias purpurea (hog plum,
red mombin)
8. Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton); II Acer palmatum, Adiantum batang (stems, Indonesia: Jawa
(Syn. Anaphothrips orchidii, Euthrips (japanese maple), Adiantum shoots, Africa: Mauritius, Sao
- 705 -
orchidii, Physothrips orchidii, (maidenhair ferns), Allium branches), Tome and Principe
Taeniothrips orchidii); (onions, garlic, leek, etc), daun (leaves), America: Argentina,
(Thysanoptera: Thripidae); Amaranthus (grain amaranth), bunga Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba,
anthurium thrips, orchid thrips Anthurium andreanum, (flowers, Dominica, Dominican
Alternanthera (joyweed), inflorescences, Republic, Ecuador,
Bougainvillea, Begonia, cones, calyx), Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Chrysanthemum (daisy), Citrus tanah (soil) Honduras, Jamaica,
reticulata x paradisi (tangelo), Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint
Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Lucia, Suriname, Trinidad
Citrus x paradisi (jeruk bali, and Tobago, USA, Hawaii
pommel, grapefruit), Citrus Asia: China, India,
spp. (jeruk, orange), Coix Malaysia, Nepal, Sri
lacryma-jobi (jail, Job’s tears), Lanka, Japan, Taiwan
Cryptotaenia canadensis, Europe: Italy, Poland
Euphorbia (spurges), Oceania: Australia, Tonga
Epiphyllum, Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweetpotato), Iresine
(blood-leaf), Litchi sinensis (leci,
lychee), Lycopersicon, Musa
Passiflora (passion flower),
Paspalum conjugatum (sour
paspalum), Piper (pepper),
Pisonia, Petroselinum crispum
(peterseli, parsley), Orchid,
ornamental plants, Zea mays
9. Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus, II Asparagus officinalis batang (stems, Indonesia: Jawa,
1758); (asparaga, asparagus), Carica shoots, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
(Syn. Aonidiella ficorum Ashmead, papaya (pepaya, papaya), branches), Africa: Algeria, Burundi,
- 706 -
Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) aonidum Camelia sinensis (teh, tea), daun (leaves), Comoros, Egypt, Ethiopia,
(Linnaeus) Hempel, 1900, Aspidiotus Cinnamomum verum buah (fruits Guinea, Kenya,
(Chrysomphalus) ficus (Ashmead) (cinnamon), Citrus spp. (jeruk, (inc. pods)) Madagascar, Malawi,
Berlese, 1896, Aspidiotus aonidum orange), Citrus aurantiifolia Mauritius, Morocco,
(Linnaeus) Cockerell, 1905, Aspidiotus (lime), Citrus limon (lemon), Mozambique, Nigeria,
ficorum Ashmead, Aspidiotus ficus Citrus maxima (pummelo), Réunion, Senegal,
(Ashmead) Comstock, 1881, Citrus sinensis (navel orange), Seychelles, South Africa,
Chrysomphalus ficus Ashmead, 1880, Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit), Spain, Sudan, Tanzania,
Coccus aonidum Linnaeus, 1758); Cocos nucifera (kelapa, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia,
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae); coconut), Dracaena, Dracaena Zimbabwe
red scale, Sircular black scale reflexa, Gossypium hirsutum America: Argentina,
(kapas, cotton), Lauraceae, Barbados, Bermuda,
Palmaceae, Malus domestica Brazil, Cayman Islands,
(apel, apple), Mangifera indica Chile, Colombia, Costa
(mangga, mango), Musa spp. Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
(pisang, banana), Musa x Dominican Republic, El
paradisiaca (plantain), Phoenix Salvador, French Guiana,
dactylifera (kurma, date-palm), Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Pinus merkusii (pinus, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
pinetree), Pinus (pines) Jamaica, Martinique,
Mexico, Montserrat,
Panama, Paraguay, Puerto
Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the
USA, United States Virgin
Islands, Hawaii, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Bhutan, British
- 707 -
Indian Ocean Territory,

China, DPR Korea (North
Korea), India, Iran, Iraq,
Lebanon, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Oman,
Pakistan, Philippines,
Syria, Taiwan, Thailand,
Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen
Europe: Belgium, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Croatia,
France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Italy, Kosovo,
Malta, Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Netherlands,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Spain, Serbia,
Slovenia
Oceania: American
Samoa, Australia, Cook
Islands, Federated States
of Micronesia, Fiji, French
Polynesia, Kiribati, New
Caledonia, Niue, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa,
Solomon Islands, Tuvalu.
- 708 -
10. Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, II Acacia (wattles), Acer palmatum batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa, Papua,
1889); (Japanese maple), Agave, Aloe (above Sumatera
(Syn. Aspidiotus (Chrysomphalus) (grey alder), Annona, Araucaria ground), Africa: Algeria, Angola,
dictyospermi (Morgan) Cockerell, 1897, angustifolia (Paraná pine), shoots, Benin, Cameroon, Cape
Aspidiotus agrumicula De Gregorio, Artocarpus (breadfruit trees), trunks, Verde, Comoros, Congo,
1915, Aspidiotus arecae (Newstead) Asparagus, Albizia julibrissin branches), DR Congo, Egypt, Eritrea,
Cockerell, 1894, Aspidiotus (silk tree), Areca, Areca catechu daun (leaves), Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory
dictyospermi Morgan, 1889, Aspidiotus (pinang, betelnut-pam), buah (fruits Coast, Kenya, Libya,
dictyospermi jamaicensis Cockerell, Bambusa vulgaris (common (inc. pods), Madagascar, Mozambique,
1894, Aspidiotus dictyospermi var. bamboo), Buxus (box), kulit kayu Mali, Mauritius, Morocco,
arecae Newstead, 1893, Aspidiotus Cactaceae (cacti), Camellia, (bark), bunga Niger, Nigeria, Réunion,
jamaicensis (Cockerell) Ferris, 1941, Carica papaya (pepaya, (flowers, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra
Aspidiotus mangiferae Cockerell, papaw), Ceratonia siliqua inflorescences, Leone, Somalia, South
1893, Chrisomphalus dictyospermi (locust bean), Cinnamomum, cones, calyx) Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Yasnosh, 1995, Chrysomphalus arecae Colocasia, Crataegus Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,
(Newstead) Malenotti, 1916, (hawthorns), Cupressus Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Chrysomphalus castigatus Mamet, macrocarpa (monterey cypress), America: Argentina,
1936, Chrysomphalus dictyospermatis Cycas, Cymbidium, Bahamas, Barbados,
Lindinger, 1949, Chrysomphalus Cypripedium, Citrus spp. Bermuda, Brazil, Bolivia,
jamaicensis (Cockerell) Malenotti, (jeruk, orange), Citrus Chile, Colombia, Costa
1917, Chrysomphalus jamaucebsis aurantiifolia (lime), Citrus Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Chou, 1895, Chrysomphalus aurantium (sour orange), Citus Republic, El savador,
mangiferae (Cockerell) Leonardi, 1899, maxima (pummelo), Citrus Ecuador, Grenada,
Chrysomphalus minor Berlese, 1896); sinensis (navel orange), Citrus Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae); unshiu (satsuma), Citrus x Guyana, Honduras,
dictyospermum scale, Morgan’s scale, paradisi (grapefruit), Cocos Jamaica, Mexico,
palm scale, red scale, Spanish red nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Nicaragua, Panama,
scale, western red scale Dracaena, Dendrobium, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto
Dictyosperma, Diospyros Rico, Saint Lucia,
(malabar ebony), Elaeis Suriname, Trinidad and
- 709 -
guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil Tobago, USA, Hawaii,

palm), Erythrina variegata South Carolina, Uruguay,
(Indian coral tree), Eucalyptus United States Virgin
(Eucalyptus tree), Eugenia, Islands, Venezuela.
Euphorbia regis-jubae, Ficus, Asia: Cambodia, China,
Fraxinus (ashes), Grevillea, Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Hedera (Ivy), Hibiscus syriacus Israel, Japan,
(shrubby althaea), Howea Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
forsteriana (paradise palm), Lao PDR (Laos), Lebanon,
Howea, Olea (olive), Olea Malaysia, Mongolia,
europaea subsp. europaea Myanmar, Philippines,
(zaitun, olive), Latania, Laurus Republic of Korea (South
(laurel), Ligustrum (rivet), Korea), Sri Lanka, Syria,
Macadamia tetraphylla (rough- Taiwan, Tajikistan,
shell macadamia nut), Malus Thailand, Turkey,
(ornamental species apple), Turkmenistan,
Mangifera indica (mangga, Uzbekistan, Vietnam.
mango), Manihot, Musa Europe: Albania, Armenia,
(pisang, banana), Musa x Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
paradisiaca (pisang kepok, Belarus, Bosnia and
plantain), Monstera deliciosa Herzegovina, Czech
(ceriman), Morus Republic, Croatia,
(mulberrytree), Myristica Estonia, France, Georgia,
(nutmeg), Nerium oleander Germany, Greece, Italy,
(oleander), Palmaceae lainnya, Latvia, Lithuania,
Phoenix (date palm), Portugal, Poland, Malta,
Phormium, Pinus (pines), Moldova, Montenegro,
Pistacia, Persea americana North Macedonia, Kosovo,
(avokad, avocado), Plumeria, Ukraine, Russia,
Plumeria (frangipani), Romania, Serbia,
- 710 -
Pittosporum, Platanus (planes), Slovenia, Spain, Slovakia

Populus (poplars), Prunus Republic, United Kingdom
(stone fruit), Psidium guajava Oceania: American
(guava), Punica, Pyrus (pears), Samoa, Australia,
Quercus (oaks), Rhamnus Federated states of
(Buckthorn), Roystonea, Micronesia, Cook Islands,
Ruscus, Rute (rue), Rosa Fiji, French Polynesia,
(roses), Solanum melongena Guam, Johnston Island,
(terung, aubergine, eggplant), Kiribati, Marshall Islands,
Syzygium malaccense (jambu New Caledonia, Niue,
bol, malay-apple), Solanaceae, Norfolk Island, Northern
Salix (willows), Sida, Sophora, Mariana Islands, Palau,
Spondias (purple mombin), Papua New Guinea,
Strelitzia, Taxus baccata Samoa, Solomon Islands,
(english yew), Tamarindus, Tonga, Tuvalu
Thuja occidentalis (Eastern
white cedar), Thuja occidentalis .
(Eastern white cedar), Vanilla
planifolia (vanilla), Vitis vinifera
(grapevine), Xanthosoma
(cocoyam), Yucca, Zingiber
officinale (jahe, ginger)
11. Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillet, 1899); II Sorghum arundinaceum, biji (true seed Indonesia: Jawa
(Syn. Contarinia sorghicola, Contarinia Sorghum dochna, Sorghum (inc. grain)), Africa: Benin, Burkina
saltata, Contarinia andropogonis, halepense (Johnson grass), bunga Faso, Burundi, Cameroon,
Contarinia palposa, Diplosis sorghicola, Sorghum sudanense (sudan (flowers, Central African Republic,
Allocontarinia sorghicola); grass), Sorghum bicolor inflorescences, Chad, DR Congo,
(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae); (sorgum, sorghum), cones, calyx) Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana,
ganjur (sorgum)/Sorghum midge rerumputan (Triodia flava, Kenya, Malawi, Mali,
Setaria qlauce, Andropogon Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria,
- 711 -
gayanus) Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra

Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe
Barbuda, Argentina,
Barbados, Brazil,
Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao,
Dominica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras,
Mexico, Montserrat,
Nicaragua, Puerto Rico,
Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent
and the Grenadines,
USA, United States Virgin
Islands, Hawaii, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: India, Iran, Japan,
Myanmar, Pakistan,
Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Thailand, Yemen
Europe: France, Italy,
Russian Federation
- 712 -

New Guinea
12. Coptocercus biguttatus (Donovan, II Myristica fragrans (pala, batang (stems, Indonesia: Maluku (Pulau
1805); nutmeg), Syzygium aromaticum trunks, Ambon, Pulau Seram)
(Syn. Sternocorus biguttaus Donovan, (cengkeh, clove) shoots), Oceania: Australia, Papua
1805, Coptocercus decorus Perroud, ranting New Guinea
1855); (branches)
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae);
13. Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann, 1896); II Albizia, Pinus, Hevea, other batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa
(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae); wood (above Africa: Madagascar,
Asian subterranean termite ground), Mauritius, Reunion
shoots, America: Antigua,
trunks, Barbados, Brazil, Cayman
branches), Islands, Mexico,
kayu (woods) Montserrat, Puerto Rico,
St Kitts and Nevis, USA,
US Virgin Islands
Asia: Malaysia, Singapore,
Thailand
Europe: Italy
Oceania: French Polynesia
14. Cryptophasa watungi Watung, 2014; II Syzygium aromaticum batang (stems Indonesia: Sulawesi
(Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae) (cengkeh, clove) (above (Sulawesi Utara)
ground),
shoots,
branches)
15. Dalbulus maidis DeLong & Wolcott; II Tripsacum (gamagrass), Zea daun (leaves), Indonesia: Sulawesi
(Syn. Baldulus maidis DeLong & mays (jagung, corn, maize), batang (stems (Sulawesi Tengah)
Wolcott, Cicadula maidis DeLong & Zea spp. (above America: Argentina,
- 713 -
Wolcott) ground), Brazil, Colombia, Costa

(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae); shoots, Rica, Cuba, Dominican
corn leafhopper; maize leafhopper branches) Republic, Ecuador, El
Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
Puerto Rico, Suriname,
USA, Venezuela
16. Darna bradleyi Holloway; II Elaeis guineensis (kelapa sawit, batang (stems Indonesia: Sumatera
(Syn. Ploneta bradleyi); oil palm) (above
(Lepidoptera: Limacodidae); ground),
ulat api, fire worm trunks,
shoots,
branches),
daun (leaves)
17. Darna catenatus (Snellen); II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, daun (leaves) Indonesia: Sulawesi,
(Syn. Orthocraspeda catenata coconut), Elaeis guineensis Papua
(Snellen), Orthocraspeda catenatus); (kelapa sawit, oil palm),
(Lepidoptera: Limacodidae). Metroxylon sagu (palem sagu,
sago palm)
18. Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) II Acacia (wattles), Acer (maples), batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Cockerell, 1899, Danzig, 1993; Actinidia, Aesculus (buckeye), (above Timur)
(=Aonidia fusca =Aonidiella fusca =A. Alianthus, Akebia, Albizia, ground), Africa: Algeria, Angola, DR
perniciosa =Aspidiotus (Comstockaspis) Alnus (alders), Aloe (grey trunks, Congo, Congo, Morocco,
perniciosus =A. (Diaspidiotus) alders), Althea (hollyhocks), shoots, South Africa, Tunisia,
andromelas =A. (Diaspidiotus) Amelanchier (serviceberries), branches), Zimbabwe
perniciosus =A. (Hemiberlesiana) Ampelopsis, Antirhinum daun (leaves), America: Argentina,
perniciosus =A. perniciosus =A. (snapdragon), Aralia, Arbutus, buah (fruits), Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
albopunctatus =A. fuscus =A. Aristolochia (dutchman’s pipe), stalk Chile, Cuba, Ecuador,
- 714 -
perniciosus =Comstockaspis perniciosa Asclepias (Silkweed). Mexico, Paraguay, Peru,

=Diaspidiotus perniciosus Asparagus officinalis USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
=Hemiberlesia perniciosa (asparagus), Aster, Aucuba, Asia: Afghanistan,
=Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Baccharis, Bambusa (bamboo), Bangladesh, Bhutan,
=Q.perniciosus); Berberis (barberries), Betula Brunei, China, DPR Korea
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae); (birches), Bignonia, Buddleia (North Korea), Georgia,
California scale, Chinese scale, (Butterflybush), Buxus (box), India, Iran, Iraq, Japan,
perniciosus scale, San José scale Callistemon (Bottle brush), Kazakhstan, Nepal,
Camelia, Canna, Caragana, Pakistan, Republic of
Carpinus (hornbeams), Carya Korea (South Korea),
(hickories), Caryopteris (blue- Tajikistan, Thailand,
beard), Castanea (chestnut), Turkey, Uzbekistan,
Catalpa, Ceanothus (white- Vietnam, Yemen
thorn), Cedrus (cedars), Celtis Europe: Albania, Armenia,
(nettle tree), Cephalanthus Austria, Azerbaijan,
(buttonbush), Cercis (redbud), Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Chaenomeles (flowering Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
quinces), Chamaecyparis (false Republic, France,
cypress), Chrysanthemum Germany, Greece,
(daisy), Cinnamomum, Citrus Hungary, Italy, Moldova,
spp.(jeruk, orange), Clarastis, Montenegro, Netherlands,
Clematis, Cleodendrum North Macedonia Poland,
(Fragrant clerodendron), Portugal, Romania,
Convolvulus (morning glory), Russia, Serbia, Slovakia,
Cornus (Dogwood), Corylopsis, Slovenia, Spain,
Corylus, Cotoneaster, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Crataegus (hawthorns, Oceania: Australia, New
Cupressus (cypresses), Zealand
Cydonia (quince), Cytisus
(Broom), Dahlia, Daphne,
- 715 -
Daucus (carrot), Deutzia,

Diervilla (bush-honeysuckle),
Diospyros (malabar ebony),
Eleagenus, Erica (heaths),
Erigeron (Fleabane).
Eriobotrya, Eucalyptus,
Euonymus, Euphorbia
(spurges), Fagus (beeches),
Ficus, Forsythia (golden bells),
Fragaria (Strawberry), Fraxinus
(ashes), Gaylussacia
(huckleberry), Genista (broom),
Ginkgo, Gymnocladus,
Hedera (Ivy), Hibiscus
(rosemallows), Hydrangea
(hydrangeans), Hypericum (st
Johnsworts), Ilex (Holly), Inula
(Elecampene), Jasminum
(jasmine), Juglans (walnuts),
Juniperus (junipers) Kalmia
(laurel), Kerria, Laburnum
anaryroides (laburnum),
Lagerstroemia, Larix (larches),
Laurus (laurel), Lespedeza,
Ligustrum (privet), Lilium (lily),
Lindera (spicebush),
Liquidambar (amber tree),
Liriodendron (tulip tree),
Lonicera (honeysuckles),
- 716 -
Lycium (boxthorn), Maclura

(osage-orange), Magnolia,
Mahonia (holly grape), Malus
domestica (apel, apple), Malva,
Mesembryanthemum, Mespilus
(medlar), Morus (mulberrytree),
Myrica (waxmyrtles), Myrtus
(myrtle), Nerium (oleander),
Nyssa (tupelo), Olea (olive),
Ostrya, Paeonia (peonies),
Panicum (millets), Paulownia,
Persea, Petroselinum (parsley),
Phellodendron (cork tree),
Philadelphus, Philadelphus
coronarius (mock orange),
Phlox, Physocarpus, Picea
(spruces), Pinus (pines), Piper
(pepper), Pittosporum,
Platanus (planes), Plygonum
(knotweed), Poncirus, Populus
(poplas), Potentilla (Cinquefoil),
avium (sweet cherry), Prunus
cerrasus (ceri, cherry), Prunus
domestica (plum), Prunus
laurocerasus (cherry laurel),
plum), Ptelea, Punica,
Pyracantha (Firethorn), Pyrus
- 717 -
(pears), Pyrus communis

(European pear),
Rhododendron (Azalea), Rhus
(Sumach), Ribes (currant),
Ricinus, Salix (willows),
Sambucus (Elderberry),
Sassafrass, Schinus (pepper
tree), Sciadopitys, Smilaz
(greenbriar), Solanum
(nightsade), Sophora, Sorbaria,
Sorbus (rowan), Spartium,
Spiraea, Stephanandra,
Symphoricarpos (snowbery),
Tamarix (tamarisk), Taxodium
(pondcypress), Taxus (yew),
Tecoma, Ternstromia, Thuja,
Tilia (limes), Trachelospermum,
Tsuga (hemlocks), Ulmus
(elms), Urtica spp., Vaccinium
(blueberries), Vivurnum, Vinca
(periwinkle), Vitex, Wisteria,
Yucca Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine), Prunus persica
nectarina (nektarin, nectarine),
buah batu (stone fruit)
19. Dihammus rusticator Fisher, 1935; II Coffea arabica (kopi arabika, batang (stems Indonesia: Sumatera
(Syn. Acalolepta fistulator (Germar), arabica coffee), Coffea spp. (above
Acalolepta rusticator (Fabricius), (kopi, coffee), Jatropha sp. ground),
Dihammus fistulator Germar, (jarak iri, Barbados nut tree), trunks,
Monochamus fistulator (Germ.), Manihot esculenta (ubi kayu, shoots,
- 718 -
Monohammus fistulator (Germ.)); cassava), Ricinus communis branches),

(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); penggerek (jarak kepyar, castor bean), daun (leaves),
batang/stem borer Theobroma cacao (kakao, akar (roots)
cocoa), Solanum melongena
(terung, aubergine, eggplant)
20. Dorysthenes buqueti (Guerin- II Bambusa vulgaris (common batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Meneville, 1844); bamboo), Saccharum (above Barat)
(Syn. Lophosternus buqueti); officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), ground), Asia: India, Lao PDR
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); Spondias pinnata (kedondong, trunks, (Laos), Malaysia,
longhorn beetle otaheitte apple), Leucaena branches), Myanmar, Thailand
glauca (lamtoro gung, horse daun (leaves)
tamarind), Manihot esculenta
(ubi kayu, cassava)
21. Helopeltis antonii Signoret, 1858; II Anacardium occidentale buah (fruits Indonesia: Sumatera
(Hemiptera: Miridae); (cashew nut), Azadirachta (inc. pods)), Asia: India, Myanmar, Sri
tea bug indica (mimba, neem tree), daun (leaves), Lanka, Vietnam
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), biji (seeds),
Cinchona officinalis, Persea batang
americana (avokad, avocado), (stems), titik
Pimenta doica, Piper nigrum, tumbuh
Psidium guajava (jambu biji, (growing
guava), Punica granatum point)
(delima, pomegranate,
cocoa), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
22. Heterobostrychus aequalis II Camelia sinensis (teh, tea), batang Indonesia: Jawa, Bali
(Waterhouse); Ceiba pentandra (kapuk, (stems), kayu Africa: South Africa,
(Coleoptera; Bostrichidae); kapok), Forest trees (woods) Madagascar
powder post beetle Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan,
- 719 -
China, India, Israel,

Malaysia, Myanmar,
Nepal, Pakistan,
Taiwan, Thailand, Timor
Leste
Europe: Germany
Oceania: Papua New
Guinea
23. Hexamitodera semivelutina Heller.; II Syzygium aromaticum batang (stems) Indonesia: Jawa,
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); (cengkeh, clove), Syzygium Sulawesi, Maluku,
penggerek batang (cengkeh)/stem spp., Eugenia spp., Myrtaceae, Sumatera
borer Psidium guajava (jambu biji, Asia: Brunei Darussalam
guava)
24. Icerya purchasi Maskell.; II Acacia (wattles), Acacia batang Indonesia: Jawa,
(Syn. Pericerya purchasi); confusa, Acalypha (copperleaf), (stems), daun Kalimantan, Sulawesi,
(Hemiptera: Margarodidae); Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), (leaves) Sumatera, Papua
cottony cushion scale Acacia dealbata (acacia Africa: Algeria, Angola,
bernier), Albizia procera (white Cape Verde, Congo, DR
siris), Baccharis, Begonia, Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Buxus sempervirens (common Kenya, Libya,
boxwood), Caesalpinia (divi- Madagascar, Malawi,
divi), Cajanus cajan (kacang Mauritius, Morocco,
gude, pigeon pea), Camellia, Mozambique, Saint
Cassia (sennas), Casuarina, Helena, Sao Tome and
Casuarina equisetifolia Principe, Senegal,
(casuarina), Citrus, Cytisus Seychelles, Somalia,
(broom), Choisya, Choisya South Africa, Sudan,
ternata (mexican orange Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,
blossom), Crotalaria, Uganda, Zambia,
- 720 -
Desmodium (tick clovers), Zimbabwe

Elaeagnus, Euphorbia America: Antigua and
(spurges), Fragaria Barbuda, Argentina,
(strawberry), Fuchsia, Glycine Bahamas, Barbados,
soja (kedelai, soybean), Hebe, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
Hedera helix (ivy), Hydrangea Cayman Islands, Chile,
(Hydrangeas), Impatiens Colombia, Cuba, Curaçao,
(balsam), Indigofera (indigo), Dominica, Dominican
Jasminum (jasmine), Republic, Ecuador, El
Juncus(rushes), Lantana Salvador, Guadeloupe,
camara (lantana), Laurus Guatemala, Guyana,
nobilis (Sweet bay), Mangifera Haiti, Jamaica,
indica (mangga, mango), Martinique, Mexico,
Maranta bicolor, Macadamia Montserrat, Paraguay,
integrifolia (macadamia, Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint
macadamia nut), Malpighia Kitts and Nevis, Saint
punicifolia, Malpighia glabra Lucia, Trinidad and
(acerola), Medicago sativa Tobago, USA, Uruguay,
(alfalfa, lucerne), Mimosa Venezuela
(sensitive plants), Morus alba Asia: Bangladesh, China,
(murbei, mulberry), Morus Cocos Islands, DPR Korea
nigra (murbei, blackmulberry), (North Korea), Georgia,
Nandina domestica (heavenly India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
bamboo), Pelargonium Japan, Jordan, Lebanon,
(pelargoniums), Pittosporum, Malaysia, Maldives,
Pittosporum tobira (japanese Pakistan, Republic of
pittosporum), Plumbago, Korea (South Korea),
Plumbago zeylanica, Prunus Saudi Arabia, Singapore,
(stone fruit), Psophocarpus Sri Lanka, Syria,
tetragonolobus (kecipir, winged Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey,
- 721 -
bean), Psidium guajava (jambu Vietnam, Yemen

biji, guava), Punica granatum Europe: Albania, Bulgaria,
(delima, pomegranate), Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Pyracantha coccinea Cyprus, Croatia, France,
(scarletfirethorn), Quercus Gibraltar, Greece,
(oaks), Ricinus communis (jarak Hungary, Italy, Malta,
kepyar, castor bean), Rosa Montenegro, North
(roses), Schinus (pepper tree), Macedonia, Portugal,
Senecio (groundsel), Spartium Romania, Russia, Serbia,
junceum (spanish broom), Slovenia, Spain,
Spirarea, Syringa (lilac), Ros Switzerland, United
marinus officinalis (rosemary), Kingdom
Ulex europaeus (gorse), Virgilia Oceania: Australia,
capensis (snowdrop tree) Christmas Island,
Federated States of
Micronesia (Caroline
Islands), Fiji, French
Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati,
Marshall Islands, New
Caledonia, New Zealand,
Norfolk Island, Northern
Mariana Islands, Palau,
Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands, Tonga,
US Minor Outlying Islands
25. Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen); II Avena sativa (oats), Dactylis batang Indonesia: Sumatera
(Syn. Laodelphax striatellus, glomerata (orchard grass), (stems), daun Africa: Algeria, Morocco,
Calligypona marginata, Calligypona Digitaria ciliaris (southern crab (leaves) Tunisia
striatella, Delphacodes striatella, grass), Echinochloa Asia: China, DPR Korea
Delphax notula, Delphax striata, (barnyardgrass), Hordeum (North Korea), Georgia,
- 722 -
Delphax striatella, Liburnia vulgare (barli, barley), Lolium India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
akashiensis, Liburnia devastans, (rye grasses), Oryza sativa Republic of Korea (South
Liburnia gifuensis, Liburnia haupti, (padi, paddy, rice), Poa annua Korea), Philippines,
Liburnia maikoensis, Liburnia (annual meadow grass), Taiwan, Tajikistan,
marginata, Liburnia minonensis, Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Thailand, Turkmenistan,
Liburnia nipponica, Liburnia striatella); sugarcane), Poaceae, Triticum Vietnam
(Hemiptera: Delphacidae); spp.(wheat), Zea mays (jagung, Europe: Armenia, Austria,
smaller brown planthopper corn, maize) Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Czech
Republic, Croatia,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
North Macedonia,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Federated states
of Micronesia, Northern
Mariana Islands
26. Liriomyza chinensis (Kato, 1949); II Allium cepa (bawang bombai, batang Indonesia: Jawa,
(Diptera: Agromyzidae); onion), Allium pp. (stems), daun Sulawesi, Bali
pengorok daun/onion leaves miner, (leaves) Asia: China, Japan,
stone leek leafminer Malaysia, Republic of
- 723 -
Singapore, Taiwan,
Thailand, Vietnam
Europe: France, Germany
27. Liriomyza trifolii Burgess in Comstock, II Allium cepa (bawang bombay, batang Indonesia: Jawa,
1880; onion), Allium schoenoprasum (stems), daun Sumatera
(Syn. Agromyza phaseolunata Frost, (bawang kucai, chives), (leaves) Africa: Benin, Egypt,
1943, Liriomyza allivora Frick, 1955, Alstroemeria (inca lily), Ethiopia, Guinea, Ivory
Liriomyza alliovora Frick, 1955, L. Ambrosia (ragweed), Coast, Kenya,
phaseolunata (Frost, 1943), Oscinis Antirrhinum (snapdragon), Madagascar, Mauritius,
trifolii Burgess in Comstock, 1880); Apium graveolens var. dulce Mayotte, Morocco, Nigeria,
(Diptera: Agromyzidae); (bleached celery), Arachis, Réunion, Senegal, South
penggorok daun (leaves), serpentine Artemisia (wormwoods), Avena Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
leaf miner, American serpentine leaf sativa (oats), Abelmoschus Tunisia, Zambia,
miner, chrysanthemum leaf miner esculentus (okra, lady’s finger), Zimbabwe
Ageratum, Allium spp. (onions, America: Argentina,
garlic, leek,etc) Allium sativum Bahamas, Barbados,
(bawang putih, garlic), Arachys Bermuda, Brazil, British
hypogaea (kacang tanah, Virgin Islands, Canada,
peanut), Aster, Beta vulgaris Chile, Colombia, Costa
var. saccharifera (bit gula, Rica, Cuba, Dominican
sugar beet), Bidens Republic, Ecuador,
(burmarigold), Brassica rapa French Guiana,
cultivar group Mizuna, Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis Guyana, Martinique,
(pak-choi, Chinese cabbage), Mexico, Netherlands
Baccharis, Basella, Bellis, Antilles, Peru, Puerto
Cassia (sennas), Centaurea Rico, Saint Kitts and
(knapweed), Carthamus, Nevis, Trinidad and
Cestrum (jessamine), Tobago, USA, United State
- 724 -
Chenopodium (goosefoot), Virgin Island, Hawaii,

Chrysanthemum indicum Venezuela
(krisan, chrysanthemum), Asia: China, India, Iran,
Citrullus lanatus (semangka, Israel, Japan, Jordan,
watermelon), Crataegus Lebanon, Oman,
(hawthorns), Crotalaria, Philippines, Republic of
Cucurbita maxima (labu, giant Korea (South Korea),
pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata Saudi Arabia, Taiwan,
(labu kuning, pumpkin), Turkey, United Arab
Chrysanthemum spp., Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen
Chrysanthemum morifolium Europe: Austria, Belgium,
(florist’s chrysanthemum), Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Capsicum annuum (cabai Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
besar, paprika, bell-pepper, hot Republic, Finland, France,
pepper, chilies), Callistephus, Greece, Italy, Malta,
Cucumis melo (melon, melon), Montenegro, North
Cucumis sativus (mentimun, Macedonia, Netherlands,
cucumber), Cucurbita pepo Portugal, Romania,
(labu kuning, zukini, zucchini), Russia, Serbia, Slovakia,
Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), Slovenia, Spain,
Dahlia, Dendranthema, Switzerland
Dianthus (anyelir, carnation), Oceania: American
Daucus carota (wortel, carrot), Samoa, Australia,
Erigeron (fleabane), Federated states of
Eupatorium, Gazania, Gladiolus Micronesia, Guam,
hybrids (sword lily), Glycine, Northern Mariana Islands,
Gaillardia, Gerbera (barbeton Samoa, Tonga
daisy), Glycine max (kedelai,
soyabean), Gossypium (cotton),
Gossypium hirsutum (kapas,
- 725 -
cotton), Gypsophila (baby’s

breath), Helianthus (bunga
matahari, sunflower), Hordeum
(barli, barleys), Ipomoea
(morning glory), Lagenaria
siceraria (labu air, bottle
gourd), Linaria (toadflax), Luffa
acutangula (angled luffa), Luffa
aegyptiaca (loofah), Lactuca
sativa (lettuce), Lathyrus
(Vetchling), Macrotyloma,
Malva (mallow), Medicago,
lucerne), Macrotyloma,
Melilotus (melilots), Mollucella,
Nasturtium officinale (selada
air, watercress),Ocimum,
Primula (primrose), Phlox,
Physalis (groundcherry),
Phaseolus spp. Phaseolus
(beans), Phaseolus lunatus
(lima bean), Phaseolus vulgaris
(buncis, common bean), Pisum
sativum(kacang polong, pea),
Ricinus, Ricinus communis
Sonchus (sowthistle), Solanum
Salvia (sage), Senecio
(grounsel), Solanum
- 726 -

Spinacia oleracea (bayam
jepang, spinach), Tagetes
(marigold), Tropaeolum,
Trifolium (cengkeh, clovers),
putih, white clover),
Taraxacum (dandelion),
Tithonia, Tragopogon (goat’s-
beard), Tribulus (caltrop),
Trigonella, Typha (reedmace),
Verbena (vervain), Vicia (vetch),
panjang, cowpea), Xanthium
(cocklebur), Zinnia
28. Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, II Apium graveolens (seledri, batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
1878; celery), Artemisia (wormwoods), (stems), daun Barat)
(Syn. Illinoia solanifolii, Macrosiphon Beta vulgaris var. Saccharifera (leaves), Africa: Algeria, Angola,
euphorbiae Thomas, Macrosiphon (bit gula, sugar beet), bunga Burundi, DR Congo,
solanifolii Ashmead, Macrosiphum Capsicum (peppers), (flowers), Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya,
amygdaloides, Macrosiphum cyprissiae Chenopodium album (fat hen), buah (fruits) Libya, Malawi, Mauritius,
var. cucurbitae del Guercio, Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Morocco, Mozambique,
Macrosiphum euphorbiellum Theobald, Citrus, Citrus deliciosa Rwanda, Reunion, Saint
Macrosiphum koehleri Börner, (mediterranean mandarin), Helena, South Africa,
Macrosiphum rosaeollae Theobald, Citrus reticulata (mandarin Tanzania, Tunisia,
Macrosiphum solanifolii (Ashmead), orange), Citrus sinensis (navel Uganda, Zambia,
Macrosiphum tabaci Pergande, orange), Cucumis sativus Zimbabwe
- 727 -
Nectarophora ascepiadis Cowen ex (mentimun, cucumber), America: Argentina,

Gillette & Baker, Nectarophora Cucurbita pepo (labu kuning, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
heleniella Cockerell, Nectarophora zukini, zucchini), Epilobium Canada, Chile, Colombia,
lycopersici Clarke, Nectarophora angustifolium (rosebay Cuba, DPR Korea (North
tabaci, Nectarophora tabaci Pergande, willowherb), Fragaria (stroberi, Korea), Ecuador, Falkland
Siphonophora asclepiadifolii, Thomas, strawberry), Freesia, Gladiolus Island, Jamaica, Mexico,
Siphonophora cucurbitae Middleton ex hybrids (sword lily), Gossypium Peru, Puerto Rico, USA,
Thomas, Siphonophora euphorbiae (cotton), Hordeum vulgare Uruguay, Venezuela
Thomas, Siphonophora solanifolii (barli, barley), Ipomoea batatas Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Ashmead, Siphonophora tulipae (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Georgia, India, Iran,
Mondell); Lactuca sativa (selada, lettuce), Israel, Japan, Jordan,
(Hemiptera: Aphididae); Linum usitatissimum (flax), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
potato aphid, pink and green potato Lupinus (lupins), Lupinus Lebanon, Malaysia,
aphid, pink and green potato aphis, albus (white lupine), Phaseolus Pakistan, Republic of
pink potato aphid, potato aphid, vulgaris (buncis, common Korea (South Korea),
tomato aphid bean), Rosa spp. (mawar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
rose), Solanum lycopersicum Syria, Turkey, Tajikistan,
(tomat, tomato), Solanum Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
melongena (terung, eggplant, Europe: Armenia,
aubergine), Solanum tuberosum Azerbaijan, Austria,
(kentang, potato), Triticum Belarus, Belgium,
aestivum (gandum, wheat), Bulgaria, Bosnia and
Vicia faba (faba bean), Vigna Herzegovina, Croatia,
unguiculata (kacang panjang, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
cowpea), Vitis vinifera (anggur, Denmark, Estonia,
grapevine), Zea mays (jagung, Finland, France, Latvia,
corn, maize) Lithuania, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, North
- 728 -
Macedonia, Malta,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Caledonia, New Zealand
29. Olenecamptus bilobus (Fabricius); II Artocarpus integra, Artocarpus batang Indonesia: Jawa, Maluku,
(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae); hissuta, Ficus carica (ara, fig), (stems), kayu Sumatera, Papua
Longhorn beetle Mangifera indica (mangga, (woods), kulit Asia: India, Pakistan
mango), Morus alba (murbei, kayu (bark)
mulberry)
30. Ophelimus eucalypti (Gahan, 1922); II Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus daun (leaves) Indonesia: Sumatera
(Syn. Rhicnopeltella eucalypti); botryoides (southern (Sumatera Utara)
(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) mahogany), Eucalyptus Africa: Kenya, Morocco,
globulus (Tasmanian blue Uganda
gum), Eucalyptus saligna Asia: Iran, Israel
(Sydney blue gum) Europe: Greece, Italy,
Spain
Zealand
31. Paraeucosmetus pallicornis (Dallas); II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, batang Indonesia: Maluku (Buru),
(Syn. Gyndes pallicornis, rice), Poaceae (stems), jerami Maluku Utara, Sulawesi,
Pachybrachius pallicornis); (straws), bulir Kalimantan, Nusa
(Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae); (grains) Tenggara Timur, Nusa
slender black rice bug Tenggara Barat
- 729 -
Asia: Malaysia, Philippines

32. Paraleyrodes minei Laccarino, 1990; II Citrus aurantifolia (lime), Citrus daun (leaves) Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae); aurantium (bitter orange), Barat)
nesting whitefly Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus Asia: China, Iran, Israel,
paradisi (grapefruit), Citrus Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
reticulata (mandarin orange), America: Belize, Bemuda,
Persea americana (avokad, Colombia, Dominican
avocado), Cocos nucifera Republic, Guatemala,
(kelapa, coconut) Haiti, Honduras, Mexico,
Puerto Rico, USA
Europe: Italy, Portugal,
Spain
33. Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders, II Abelmoschus moschatus (okra, buah (fruits), Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa
1843; lady’s finger), Abutilon spp. biji (seeds), Tenggara Barat, Nusa
(Syn. Depressaria gossypiella (Indian mallow), Abutilon tanah (soil) Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi
Saunders, Ephestia gossypiella indicum (country mallow), Africa: Algeria, Angola,
Saunders, Gelechia gossypiella Gossypium, Gossypium Benin, Burkina Faso,
Saunders, Gelechiella gossypiella hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Burundi, Cameroon,
Saunders, Platyedra gossypiella Hibiscus spp. (rosemallows), Central African Republic,
Saunders); Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf), Chad, DR Congo, Egypt,
(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae); Hibiscus sabdariffa (jamaica Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory
pink bollworm, pink cotton bollworm sorrel), Malvaceae, Medicago Coast, Kenya, Libya,
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Althaea Madagascar, Malawi, Mali,
(hollyhocks), Gossypium Mauritius, Morocco,
arboreum (tree cotton), Mozambique, Niger,
Gossypium herbaceum (short Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
staple cotton) Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Somalia, Sudan,
Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,
Uganda, Zimbabwe.
- 730 -

Barbuda, Argentina,
Bahamas, Barbados,
Cuba, Dominica,
Dominican Republic,
Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
Martinique, Mexico,
Montserrat, Paraguay,
Kitts and Nevis, Saint
the Grenadines, Trinidad
and Tobago, USA, Hawaii,
United State Virgin Island,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Cambodia,
China, DPR Korea (North
Korea), India, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Japan, Jordan, Lao
PDR (Laos), Malaysia,
Myanmar, Pakistan,
Philippines, Saudi Arabia,
Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan,
Thailand, Turkey,
Yemen
- 731 -
Europe: Albania, Bulgaria,

Cyprus, Croatia, Greece,
Italy, North Macedonia,
Malta, Montenegro,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Spain, Serbia,
Slovenia
Caledonia, Northern
Mariana Islands, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa,
Vanuatu
34. Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, II Boerhavia diffusa (red batang Indonesia: Jawa
1977; spiderling), Capsicum spp. (stems), daun Africa: Angola, Benin,
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); Citrus, Cyperus (flatsedge), (leaves), Cameroon, Central African
cassava mealybug Euphorbia pulcherrima bunga Republic, Congo, DR
(kastuba, pointsettia), Glycine (flowers) Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
max (kedelai, soyabean), Gabon, Gambia, Ghana,
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
sweet potato), Manihot Ivory Coast, Kenya,
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Liberia, Madagascar,
Manihot glaziovii (ceara Malawi, Mali,
rubber), Sida acuta (sida), Mozambique, Niger,
Solanum (nightshade), Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal,
Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, Sierra Leone, South
tomato) Africa, Sudan, Tanzania,
Zimbabwe
- 732 -
America: Argentina,
Guyana, Paraguay
Asia: Cambodia, Lao PDR
(Laos), Malaysia, Thailand,
Vietnam
35. Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley; II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, seluruh Indonesia: Jawa,
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae); lady’s finger), Carica papaya bagian Sumatera (Bengkulu)
cotton mealybug (pepaya, papaya), Abutilon tanaman Africa: Benin, Cameroon,
indicum (kembang sore, Indian (whole plant) Egypt, Ghana, Mali,
abutilon), Abutilon muticum, Nigeria, Reunion, Senegal
Acacia leucophloea (white- America: Argentina,
barked acacia), Acacia Belize, Brazil, Canada,
modesta, Acalypha wilkesiana, Caribbean, Cayman
Achillea (milfoil), Achyranthes Island, Chile, Colombia,
aspera (devil’s horsewhip), Cuba, Dominican
Aerva javanica (kapok bush), Republic, Ecuador,
Ageratum conyzoides Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
(babadotan, goatweed), Albizia Jamaica, Martinique,
lebbeck (indian siris), Althaea Mexico, Nicaragua,
(hollyhocks), Amaranthus Panama, USA
flavus, Amaranthus virisis Asia: Cambodia, China,
(slender amaranth), Ambrosia India, Iran, Iraq, Japan,
(ragweed), Ambrosia Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
artemisiifolia (common Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey,
ragweed), Ambrosia Vietnam
confertifolia, Ambrosia dumosa, Europe: Cyprus,
Ambrosia psilostachya Netherlands
(parennial ragweed), Ambrosia Oceania: Australia, New
tenuifolia, Anagallis arvensis Caledonia
- 733 -
(scarlet pimpernel), Aphelandra

squarrosa (zebra plant),
Artemisia annua (sweet
wormwood), Asclepias
(silkweed), Asparagus
densiflorus (asparagus fern),
Atriplex canescens (Fourwing
saltbush), Azadirachta indica
(mimba, neem tree), Bassia
indica, Bauhinia purpurea
(bunga kupu-kupu, purple
bauhinia), Bidens pilosa
(bunga ketul, blackjack),
Blumea lacera, Boerhavia
repens, Bombax ceiba (silk
cotton tree), Bougainvillea
glabra (bugenvil,
bougainvillea), Broussonetia
papyrifera (paper mulberry),
Calendula officinalis (pot
marigold), Calotropis procera
(apple of sodom), Capparis
decidua, Capsicum frutescens
(cabai rawit, chilies), Cassia
fistula (Indian laburnum),
Celosia argentea (celosia),
Centaurea cyanus (cornflower),
Cestrum diurnum, Cestrum
nocturnum (night scented
cestrum), Cevallia sinuata
- 734 -
(stinging serpent),
Chenopodium murale (nettleleaf
goosefoot), Chrysanthemum
morifolium (florist’s daisy),
Cirsium arvense (creeping
thistle), Cichorium intybus
(chicory), Citrullus colocynthis
(colocynth), Citrullus lanatus
(semangka, watermelon), Citrus
aurantium (jeruk nipis, lime),
Citrus sinensis (navel orange),
Cleome viscosa (yellow
mesambay), Clerodendrum
inerme, Coleus blumei (common
coleus), Convolvulus arvensis
(bindweed), Convolvulus
prostratus, Conyza bonariensis
(hairy fleabane), Conyza
canadensis (Canadian
fleabane), Corchorus
antichorus, Corchorus
trilocularis, Cressa cretica,
Croton sparciflorum, Cucumis
tetragona, Cucurbita
(pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata
(labu kuning, pumpkin),
Cuscuta reflexa (dodder),
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
(guar), Cynodon dactylon
- 735 -
(rumput bermuda, bermuda

grass), Cyperus rotundus
(rumput teki, purple nutsedge),
Dalbergia sissoo (Indian
rosewood), Datura metel (Hindu
datura), Daucus carota (wortel,
carrot), Digera
muricata, Duranta erecta
(Pigeonberry), Echinochloa
colona (rumput bebek,
junglerice), Elettaria
cardamomum (kapulaga
seberang, cardamom), Eleusine
indica (rumput belulang,
goosegrass), Emilia sonchifolia
(red tasselflower), Encelia
farinosa (brittlebush),
Enceliopsis, Eragrostis minor,
Eriophyllum, Eucalyptus
camaldulensis (red gum),
Euphorbia (spurges),
Euphorbia cotinifolia, Euphorbia
hirta (garden spurge),
Euphorbia prostrata, Euphorbia
trigona, Fagonia cretica, Ficus
benghalensis (banyan), Ficus
carica (fig), Ficus virens (grey
fig), Franseria, Gardenia
jasminoides (cape jasmine),
Gossypium (cotton), Gossypium
- 736 -
arboreum (cotton tree),

Gossypium hirsutum (kapas,
cotton), Grewia asiatica
(phalsa), Hamelia patens
(firebush), Helianthus
(sunflower), Helianthus annuus
(bunga matahari, sunflower),
Hibiscus (rosemallows),
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
(kembang sepatu, Chinese
hibiscus), Heliotropium
europaeum (common
heliotrope), Heliotropium
strigosum , Herissantia crispa,
Hibiscus mutabilis (cottonrose),
sweet potato), Ipomoea cairica
(five-fingered morningglory),
Jacquemontia pentantha
(skyblue clustervine),
Jasminum cuspidatum,
Jasminum sambac (arabian
jasmine), Jatropha integerrima
(peregrina), Kallstroemia
brachystylis, Lagenaria
siceraria (labu air, bottle
gourd), Lagerstroemia indica
(indian crape myrtle), Lantana
camara (lantana), Launia
nudicaulis, Lawsonia inermis
- 737 -
(Egyptian privet), Lepidium

didymum, Luffa aegyptiaca
(loofah), Lupinus spp. (lupin),
Lycium chinense (chinese
wolfberry), Malva parviflora
(cheeseweed), Malvastrum
coromandelianum (prickly
malvastrum), Malvaviscus
arboreus (wax mallow),
mango), Mentha longifolia,
Morus alba (murbei,
mullberry), Medicago
polymorpha (rough medick),
Melaleuca quinquenervia
(paperbark tree), Melia
azedarach (Chinaberry),
Melilotus indica (Indian
sweetclover), Momordica
charantia (paria, bitter gourd),
Morus alba (mora), Nerium
oleander (oleander), Nicotiana
plumbaginifolia, Nicotiana
Ocimum basilicum (selasih,
basil), Orobanche (broomrape),
Oxalis corniculata (creeping
woodsorrel), Panax,
Parthenium, Parthenium
- 738 -
hysterophorus (parthenium
weed), Persicaria glabra,
date-palm), Punica granatum
Phyllanthus niruri (meniran,
gale of the wind), Physalis
(Groundcherry), Physalis
alkekengi, Piper betle (sirih,
betel pepper), Plumeria rubra
var. acutifolia (Mexican
frangipani), Polyalthea
longifolia, Polygonum barbatum
(knot grass), Portulaca
grandiflora (krokot mawar, rose
moss), Portulaca oleracea
(krokot, purslane), Quisqualis
indica, Ricinus communis (jarak
kepyar, castor bean), Rosa
chinensis (China rose), Ruellia
squarrosa, Rumex dentatus,
Salsola baryosma, Salvadora
oleoides, Salvia officinalis
(commonsage), Sesamum
indicum (wijen, sesame),
Sesbania sesban (jayanti),
Setcreasea pallida, Sida
rhombifolia, Sida urens,
Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba),
Solanum spp., Solanum
- 739 -
elaeagnifolium (silverleaf
muricatum (pepino), Solanum
Solanum virginianum (yellow-
shade nightshade), Sonchus
oleraceus (tempuyung,
common sowthistle),
Spermacoce, Suaeda (sea blite),
Suaeda nigra, Synsepalum
dulcificum, Tabernae
Montanadivaricata, Tagetes
erecta (African marigold),
Taraxacum officinale complex
(dandelion), Tecoma stans
(yellow bells), Tinospora
cordifolia (bratawali, heart-
leaved moonseed), Trianthema
portulacastrum (horse
purslane), Trianthema
triquetra, Tribulus terrestris
(puncture vine), Trigonella
polycerata, Urena lobata
(caesar weed), Verbena
officinalis, Withania somnifera
- 740 -
(poisonous gooseberry),
Xanthium strumarium (common
cocklebur), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize), Ziziphus
mauritiana (bidara, Indian
jujube)
36. Phragmataecia castaneae (Hubner); II Paspalum, Saccharum batang Indonesia: Sumatera
(Syn. Phragmataecia castaneae); robustum (robust cane), (stems), daun Asia: China, Malaysia
(Lepidoptera: Cossidae); Sorghum propineum, (leaves) Europe: Bulgaria, Finland,
giant stem borer Saccharum officinarum (tebu, Italy, Russian Federation
sugarcane), Saccharum
spontaneum (glagah, wild
sugarcane)
37. Phragmataecia gummata Swinhoe, II Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang Indonesia: Sumatera,
1892; sugarcane), Saccharum (stems), daun Jawa
(Syn. Phragmataecia parvipunctus); spontaneum (glagah, wild (leaves) Asia: Malaysia
(Lepidoptera: Cossidae); sugarcane)
giant stem borer
38. Pineus boerneri Annand; II Pinus canariensis (Canary batang Indonesia: Kalimantan,
(Syn. Pineus pini sensu lato, pine), Pinus caribaea (stems), kayu Sumatera, Jawa
Anisophleba pini, Aphis pini, (Caribbean pine), Pinus (woods) Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya,
Kermaphis pini var. laevis, Kermes contorta (lodgepole pine), Pinus Malawi, Morocco, South
pini, Pineus havrylenkoi, Pineus laevis, elliottii (slash pine), Pinus Africa, Tanzania, Uganda,
Pineus pini, Pineus simmondsi, Pineus halepensis (Aleppo pine), Pinus Zambia, Zimbabwe
sylvestris); hartwegii (Hartweg pine), Pinus America: Argentina,
(Hemiptera: Adelgidae); kesiya (khasya pine), Pinus Brazil, Chile, Colombia,
pine woolly aphid massoniana (masson pine), USA
Pinus maximinoi (thin-leaf Asia: China, Geogia,
pine), Pinus montezumae Israel, Jordan,
(montezuma pine), Pinus mugo Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
- 741 -
(mountain pine), Pinus Malaysia, Pakistan,

muricata (bishop pine), Pinus Taiwan, Turkey
oocarpa (ocote pine), Pinus Europe: Czech Republic,
patula (Mexican weeping pine), Finland, France,
Pinus pinaster (maritime pine), Germany, Ireland, Italy,
Pinus pinea (stone pine), Pinus Lithuania, Netherlands,
radiata (radiata pine), Pinus Poland, Slovakia, Spain,
resinosa (red pine), Pinus Sweden, United Kingdom
sylvestris (Scots pine), Pinus Oceania: Australia, New
taiwanensis (Taiwan pine), Zealand
Pinus teocote (twisted leaf
pine), Pinus thunbergii
(Japanese black pine), Pinus
densiflora, Pinus merkusii,
Pinus pungens, Pinus
roxburghii, Pinus arizonica,
Pinus canariensis, Pinus
caribaea, Pinus clausa, Pinus
cooperi, Pinus douglasiana,
Pinus durangensis, Pinus
echinata, Pinus engelmannii,
Pinus glabra, Pinus greggii,
Pinus hartwegii, Pinus lawsonii,
Pinus leiophylla, Pinus
maximinoi, Pinus michoacana,
Pinus montezumae, Pinus
occidentalis, Pinus palustris,
Pinus patula, Pinus pinea,
Pinus pseudostrobus, Pinus
radiata, Pinus rigida, Pinus
- 742 -
serotina, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus

taeda, Pinus taiwanensis,
Pinus teocote, Pinus virginiana
(scrub pine)
39. Postelectrotermes militaris (Desneux); II Acacia decurrens (green wattle), batang Indonesia: Jawa
(Syn. Calotermes militaris, Neotermes Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), (stems), akar Asia: Sri Lanka
militaris, Termes militaris); Casuarina equisetifolia (roots)
(Isoptera: Kalotermidae); (casuarina), Cedrus (cedars),
dry wood termite Cinnamomum camphora
(kamfer, camphor),
Cryptomeria japonica (cedar
jepang, japanese cedar),
Erythrina subumbrans (dadap
serep, december tree),
Eucalyptus spp., Eucalyptus
robusta (swamp mahogany),
Grevillea robusta (silky oak),
Stenocarpus salignus (beefwod),
Tephrosia vogelii (vogel’s
tephrosia)
40. Rhabdoscelus obscurus (Boisduval, II Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut batang (stems) Indonesia: Maluku,
1835); palm), Arecaceae (plants of the Papua, Sulawesi, Nusa
(Syn.Calandra obscura Boisduval, palm family), Cocos nucifera Tenggara Barat, Sumatera
Rhabdocnemis fausti Gahan, R. (kelapa, coconut), Carica America: USA
interruptocostatus Schaufuss, R. papaya (pepaya, papaya), Asia: China, Japan,
maculate Schaufuss, R. nudicollis Metroxylon sagu (sagu, sago Malaysia, Sri Lanka,
(Kirsch), R. obscura (Boisduval), R. palm), Musa spp. (pisang, Taiwan
promissus (Pascoe), R. maculatus banana), Musa x paradisiaca Oceania: American
Schaufuss, Rhabdoscelis obscura (pisang kepok, plantain), Samoa, Australia, Cook
Boisduval, Sphenophorus beccarii Poacecae (grasses), Saccharum Islands, Christmas Island,
- 743 -
Pascoe, S. insularis Boheman, S. officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Federated States of

interruptecostatus Schaufuss, S. Strelitzia reginae (Queens bird- Micronesia, Fiji, French
nudicollis Kirsch, S. promissus Pascoe, of-paradise), Zea mays (jagung, Polynesia, Palau, Guam,
S. sulcipes Karsch, S. tincturatus corn, maize) Marshall Islands, Nauru,
Pascoe, S. obscurus Boisduval); New Caledonia, Niue,
(Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae); Northern Mariana Islands,
beetle borer, cane weevil borer, New Papua New Guinea,
Guinea cane weevil borer, sugarcane Samoa, Solomon Islands,
weevil borer, New Guinea sugarcane Tonga, Vanuatu
weevil, Hawaiian sugarcane borer,
cane weevil borer, New Guinea
sugarcane weevil
41. Sesamia grisescens Warren, 1911; II Megathyrsus maximus (Guinea batang (stems) Indonesia: Papua, Maluku
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); grass), Oryza sativa (padi, Oceania: Papua New
sesamia borer, pink sugarcane borer paddy, rice), Pennisetum Guinea
purpureum (rumput gajah,
elephant grass), Saccharum
Saccharum edule, Saccharum
robustum (robust cane),
Saccharum spontaneum (wild
sugarcane), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
42. Sexava coriacea (Linnaeus, 1758); II Asplenium nidus (kadaka, buah (fruits), Indonesia: Sulawesi, Kep.
(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae); bird’s nest fern), Arenga tanaman Sangihe, Talaud, Kep.
belalang sexava, sexava grasshopper pinnata (aren, sugar palm), (plants), daun Banggai, Maluku, Maluku
Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut (leaves), Utara, Papua
palm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, rimpang
coconut), Musa spp. (pisang, (rhizomes),
banana), Metroxylon sagu sabut, tanah
- 744 -
(sagu, sago palm), Orchidaceae (soil)

(anggrek, orchids), Pandanus
spp. (pandan), Salacca edulis
(salak,snakefruit), Zingiber
43. Sexava karnyi Leefmans, 1927; II Asplenium nidus (kadaka, tanaman Indonesia: Sulawesi
(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae); bird’s nest fern), Arenga (plants), buah (Sulawesi Tengah:
belalang sexava, sexava grasshopper pinnata (aren, sugar palm), (fruits), daun Kepulauan Togean)
Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut (leaves),
palm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, rimpang
coconut), Musa spp. (pisang, (rhizomes),
banana), Metroxylon sagu sabut, tanah
(salak, snakefruit), Zingiber
44. Sexava nubila (Stal); II Asplenium nidus (kadaka, tanaman Indonesia: Sulawesi
(Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae); bird’s nest fern), Arenga (plant), buah (Sulawesi Utara),
belalang sexava, sexava grass hopper, pinnata (aren, sugar palm), (fruits), daun Kepulauan Sangihe dan
coconut treehopper Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut (leaves), Talaud, Maluku (Seram,
palm), Cocos nucifera (kelapa, rimpang Buru), Biak, Papua
coconut), Musa spp. (pisang, (rhizomes), Oceania: Papua New
banana), Metroxylon sagu sabut, tanah Guinea
(salak, snakefruit), Zingiber
45. Thosea monoloncha (Meyrick); II Cocos nucifera (kelapa, daun (leaves), Indonesia: Sulawesi,
- 745 -
(Syn. Thosea moluccana); coconut), Elaeis guineensis tanah (soil), Papua, Sumatera,
(Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) (kelapa sawit, oil palm) media tanam Maluku, Maluku Utara
(growing Asia: Philippines
media), Oceania: Papua New
batang (stem), Guinea
bunga
(influorescenc
es)
2. TUNGAU (MITES)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Brevipalpus californicus (Banks, 1904); II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, buah (fruits), Indonesia: Nusa Tenggara
(Syn. Brevipalpus australis Baker, lady’s finger), Camellia sinensis daun (leaves), Barat (Lombok),
1949, B.browningi Baker, 1949, B. (teh, tea), Chenopodium batang Kalimantan (Kalimantan
Confusis Baker, 1949, B. woglumi ambrosioides, Cinnamomum (stems), Timur), Sumatera
McGregor, 1949, Hystripalpus burmanii (kayu manis, bagian (Sumatera Barat)
californicus Mitrofanov & Strunkova, cassiavera, cinnamon), tanaman di Africa: Algeria, Angola,
1979, Tenuipalpus australis Tucker, Citharexylum quadrangulare, atas tanah Congo, Egypt, Libya,
1926, T. californicus Banks, 1904, T. Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), Mauritania, Mozambique,
Vitis Womersley, 1940); Cucurbita, Cymbidium, Reunion, Senegal, South
(Acari: Tenuipalpidae); Dendrobium, Ipomoea batatas Africa, Zimbabwe
citrus flat mite, red flat mite, scarlet (ubi jalar, sweet potato), Lablab America: Brazil, Costa
- 746 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
mite of tea, bunch mite, false spider purpureus, Musa spp. (pisang, Rica, Cuba, Guyana,
mite banana), Phalaenopsis, Honduras, Mexico, USA
Psidium guajava (jambu biji, Asia: Georgia, India,
guava), Pittosporum, Israel, Japan, Malaysia,
Rhododendron, Robinia, Mauritania, Nepal,
Schinus terebinthifolius, Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Sesbania sesban, Solanum Tajikistan, Thailand
spp., Tetragonia tetragonioides, Europe: Cyprus, Greece,
Vigna sinensis (buncis, Hungary, Italy, Portugal,
common bean), Vitis vinifera Russian Federation
(anggur, grapevine) Oceania: Australia, Guam,
New Zealand, Papua New
Guinea
2. Calacarus carinatus (Green 1890) II Camellia japonica, Camellia daun (leaves), Indonesia: Jawa,
Keifer, 1955; sinensis (teh, tea), Capsicum bagian Sumatera, Nusa Tenggara
(Syn. Calacarus adornatus (Keifer), spp., Viburnum spp. tanaman di Barat (Lombok)
1952, Eriophyes carinatus (Green) atas tanah Africa: Kenya, Mauritius
Nalepa, 1929, Phylocoptes carinatus, America: USA
Phytoptus carinatus, Typhlodromus Asia: Cambodia, China,
carinatus) India, Georgia, Japan, Lao
(Acari: Eriophyidae); PDR (Laos), Malaysia,
purple mite, purple tea mite, ribbed Republic of Korea (South
tea mite Korea), Sri Lanka, Taiwan,
Vietnam
- 747 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Europe: Spain
Zealand
3. Eutetranychus orientalis Klein; II Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, daun (leaves), Indonesia: Sumatera,
(Syn. Anychus latus, A. Orientalis, lady’s finger), Caladium spp. bagian Jawa (Jawa Barat)
A.ricini, Eutetranychus anneckei (keladi), Carica papaya tanaman di Africa: Cape Verde, Egypt,
Meyer, E. Latus, E. monodi Andre, E. (pepaya, papaya), Citrus sp. atas tanah Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
sudanicus Elbadry); (jeruk, orange), Codiaeum Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,
(Acari: Tetranychidae); variegatum, Ficus carica (ara, Morocco, Mozambique,
citrus brown mite, oriental mite, fig), Gossypium barbadens Nigeria, Senegal, South
oriental red mite, oriental spider mite (kapas, cotton), Manihot Africa, Sudan, Swaziland
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Asia: Afghanistan,
Musa paradisiaca (pisang Bangladesh, China, India,
kepok, plantain), Morus alba Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
(murbei, mulberry), Nephelium Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
lappaceum (rambutan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi
rambutan), Olea europea Arabia, Thailand, Turkey,
subsp. europea (zaitun, olive), Yemen
Phaleria macrocarpa (mahkota Europe: Cyprus, Greece,
dewa), Prunus amygdalus Spain
(almon, badam, almond), Oceania: Australia
guava), Plumeria, Ricinus
communis (jarak kepyar, castor
- 748 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
bean), Solanum melongena
(terung, aubergine, eggplant)
4. Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner); II Anacardium occidentale (jambu daun (leaves), Indonesia: Jawa,
(Syn. Acarus coffeae Nietner, mete, cashew-nut), Camellia tanaman Sumatera
Matatetranychus bioculatus (Wood- sinensis (teh, tea), Coffea spp. (whole plant) Africa: Congo, DR Congo,
Mason), Oligonychus bioculatus,O. (kopi, coffee), Coffea arabica Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya,
merwei Tucker, Paratetranychus (kopi arabika, arabica coffee), Malawi, Mauritius, South
bioculatus, P. terminalis Sayed, Citrus sp. (jeruk, orange), Africa, Tanzania
Tetranychus bioculatus Wood-Mason) Cinnamomum camphora, America: Colombia, Costa
(Acari: Tetranychidae); Corchorus capsularis, Elaeis Rica, Ecuador, USA
tea red spider mite, red coffee mite guineensis (kelapa sawit, oil Asia: Bangladesh, China,
palm), Eucalyptus globulus, Georgia, India, Japan,
Gossypium, Hevea brasiliensis Myanmar, Pakistan,
(karet, rubber tree), Indigovera, Philippines, Sri Lanka,
Lagerstroemia, Manihot Taiwan, Thailand,
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Vietnam
Mangifera indica (mangga, Europe: Russian
mango), Morus alba (murbei, Federation
mulberry), Ricinus communis Oceania: Australia
Indian almond), Vigna
mungo,Vitis vinifera (anggur
grapevine)
- 749 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
5. Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead); II Citrus spp. (jeruk, orange), daun (leaves), Indonesia: Jawa,
(Syn. Ariphyes oleivorus, Phyllocoptes Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), buah (fruits), Kalimantan (Kalimantan
oleivorus, Phyllocoptrata oleivorus, Citrus aurantium (sour orange), batang (stems) Barat), Sumatera
Typhidromus oleivorus); Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus (Sumatera Utara,
(Acari: Eriophyidae); maxima (pummelo), Citrus Bengkulu), Batam, Nusa
citrus rust mite, buckskin, mite reticulata (mandarin), Citrus Tenggara Barat (Lombok)
lemons sinensis (navel orange), Africa: Angola, Congo,
Clausena lansium (wampi), Kenya, Madagascar,
Fortunella (kumquats) Malawi, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mozambique,
Nigeria, Senegal, South
Africa, Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia
America: Argentina,
Bermuda, Brazil, Chile,
Cuba, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Jamaica,
Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico,
USA, Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: China, India, Iran,
Lebanon, Malaysia,
- 750 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Philippines, Syria, Taiwan,
Thailand, Turkey, Vietnam
Europe: Bosnia and
Cyprus, Italy, Malta,
Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Serbia,
Slovenia
Oceania: Australia, Cook
Islands, Fiji, New Zealand
6. Raoiella indica Hirst (1924); II Acer (maple), Acoelorrhaphe daun (leaves), Indonesia: Jawa,
(Acari: Tenuipalpidae); wrightii, Adonidia arecina, bagian Kalimantan, Nusa
red palm mite, coconut mite, frond Aiphanes minima, Aplinia tanaman di Teanggara Barat
crimson mite, leaflet false spider mite, purpurata (red ginger), Alpinia atas tanah (Lombok), Tarakan,
red date palm mite, scarlet mite vittata, Alpinia zerumbet, Sulawesi (Sulawesi
Archontophoenix alexandrae, Tenggara), Flores, Maluku
Areca catechu (pinang, betelnut Utara (Ternate)
palm), Arecaceae, Arenga Africa: Benin, Egypt,
pinnata (aren, sugar palm), Mauritius, Namibia,
Bactris plumeriana, Reunion, South Africa,
Beccariophoenix Sudan, Tanzania
madagascariensis, Bismarckia America: Barbados, Brazil,
nobilis, Butia capitata, Colombia, Cuba,
Calathea arundinacea Dominica, Dominican
- 751 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(variegated calatea), Calathea Republic, Grenada,
lutea (calathea), Caryota mitis, Guadaloupe, Haiti,
Chamaedorea, Coccothrinax Jamaica, Martinique,
argentata, Coccothrinax Mexico, Puerto Rico, Saint
mitaguama, Corypha Lucia, Saint Vincent and
umbtaculifera, Curcuma longa the Grenadines, United
(kunyit, turmeric), Cycas, States Virgin Island,
Cyrtostahys renda, Cocos Venezuela
nucifera (kelapa, coconut), Asia: India, Iran, Oman,
Dictyosperma album, Dypsis Pakistan, Philippines,
decaryi, Dypsis lutescens, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Elaeondendron transvaalense, Thailand, United Arab
Ettingera elatior, Eucalyptus Emirates
deglupta, Eugenia uniflora,
Heliconia spp. (flower banana),
Latania lontaroides, Licuala
grandis, Licualaspinosa,
Livistonis chinensis, Microcycas
calocoma, Musa spp. (pisang,
banana), Ocimum basilicum,
Pandanus utilis, Phaseolus,
Phoenix canariensis, Phoenix
dactylifera (kurma, date palm),
Phoenix reclinata, Phoenix
- 752 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
roebelenii, Phoenix rupicola,
Pritchardia pacifica, Pritchardia
vuylestekeana, Pseudophoenix
vinifera, Ptychosperma elegans,
Ptychosperma macarrthuri,
Ravenala madagascariensis,
Renealmia alpinia, Renealmia
aurantifera, Rhapis excelsa,
Roystonea borinquena, Sabal
black burniana, Sabal
mauritiformis, Schippia
concolor, Strelitzia reginae,
Syagrus romanzoffianum,
Syagrus schizophylla, Thrinax
radiata, Veitchia arecina,
Veitchia merrillii, Washingtonia
filifera, Washingtonia robusta,
Wodyetia bifurcata, Zingiber
7. Tenuipalpus orchidarum Parfitt; II Orchidaceae (anggrek, orchids) tanaman Indonesia: Jawa
(Acari: Tenuipalpidae); (whole plant)
red mite of orchid
- 753 -
3. KEONG (SNAILS)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Pila polita Jeshayes; II Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, media tanam Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(Syn. Ampularia pagoda); rice), tumbuhan air tawar (growing Timur), Sumatera
Ampullariidae; (aquatic plants) media Asia: China, India,
apple snail associated Cambodia, Thailand
with plants)
tumbuhan
dan/atau
bagian-
bagiannya
(plant and
part of plant)
2. Pomacea insularum; II Tumbuhan air (aquatic plants), media tanam Indonesia: Kalimantan
Ampullariidae; berbagai tipe vegetasi tanaman (growing America: Argentina,
island apple snail media Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay,
associated Uruguay
with plants) Asia: Thailand
tumbuhan
dan/atau
bagian-
bagiannya
(plant and
part of plant)
- 754 -
4. NEMATODA (NEMATODES)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Aphelenchoides fragariae (Ritzema – II Ageratum conyzoides (billygoat biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Banten,
Bos, 1891) Christie, 1932; weed, babadotan), Acalypha seeds, grain), DKI Jakarta, Jawa Barat,
(Syn. Aphelenchoides olesistus lanceolata (pulus hayam), bibit Jawa Tengah, Jawa
(Ritzema Bos, 1893) Steiner, 1932, Allium ascalonicum (bawang (seedlings, Timur), Nusa Tenggara
Aphelenchoides olesistus var. merah, shallot), Allium cepa micropropaga Barat (Mataram),
longicollis (Schwartz, 1911) Goodey, (bawang bombai, onion), ted plants), Sulawesi (Sulawesi
1933, Aphelenchoides pseudolesistus Allium sativum (bawang putih, buah (fruits), Selatan), Sumatera
(Goodey, 1928) Goodey, 1933, garlic), Andrographis bunga potong (Bengkulu, Sumatera
Aphelenchus fragariae Ritzema Bos, paniculata (sambiloto, king of (flowers, Utara)
1891, Aphelenchus olesistus Ritzema bitter plant), Anigozanthos sp., inflorescence Africa: Canary Islands
Bos, 1893, Aphelenchus olesistus var. Anthurium andreanum, s, cones, America: Canada, Cuba,
longicollis Schwartz, 1911, Asplenium nidus (bird’s-nest calyx), daun Mexico, USA
Aphelenchus pseudolesistus Goodey, fern), Avena sativa (oat, oats), (leaves), Asia: China, India, Israel,
1928); Barleria cristata (philippine kormus Japan, Kyrgyzstan,
Aphelenchoididae; violet), Begonia spp., Borreria (corms), Republic of Korea (South
bud and leaf nematode, fern sp., Capsella bursa-pastoris media tanam Korea), Turkey
nematode, strawberry crimp (shepherd's purse), yang melekat Europe: Belgium,
nematode, strawberry spring dwarf Chenopodium album (fat hen), pada Bulgaria, Denmark,
nematode Chloranthus spicatus, tanaman Estonia, France,
Cobotium chamissoi, Cornus (growing Germany, Hungary,
- 755 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
canadensis (creeping media Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
dogwood), Erigeron annuus associated Moldova, Netherlands,
(annual fleabane), Eriobotrya with plants), Norway, Poland, Portugal,
japonica (loquat), Ficus carica rhizom Russian Federation,
(ara, fig), Ficus elastica (rhizomes), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
(rubber plant), Ficus sisa tanaman Switzerland, Ukraine,
macrophylla (moreton Bay fig), yang United Kingdom
Fragaria ananassa (stroberi, terinfeksi Oceania: Australia, New
strawberry), Helianthus (infected Zealand, Papua New
tuberosus (Jerusalem plants Guinea
artichoke), Hibiscus rosa– debris), stek
sinensis (kembang sepatu, (cuttings),
china-rose), Hosta spp., stolon
Hydrangea macrophylla (stolons),
(French hydrangea), Ipomoea tanah (soil),
batatas (ubi jalar, sweet umbi (bulbs,
potato), Lamium maculatum tubers)
(spotted deadnettle), Lilium
spp., Lindernia sp. (gulma
daun sirih), Maranta
leuconeura (banded
arrowroot), Osmunda regalis,
Oxalys sepium (calincing),
Peony, Pimpinella diversifolia,
- 756 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Polygonum blumei (tufted
knotweed (USA)), Pteris spp.,
Primula sp., Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pleocnemia
sp., Psychotria nervosa, Pteris
spp., Rhododendron spp.
(azaleas), Rhododendron simsii
(sim's azalea), Rorippa
atrovirens, Ruscus
hypophyllum, Saintpaulia
ionantha (african violet),
Saxifraga spp. (saxifrage),
Senecio vulgaris, Solanum
nightshade), Stellaria media
(common chickweed), Tolmiea
menziesii (pick-a-back plant),
Veronica arvensis (corn
speedwell), Viola odorata
(english violet), Western
Sword-fern, Wulfenia
carinthiaca
2. Ditylenchus angustus (Butler, 1913) II Echinochloa colona batang Indonesia: Jawa,
Filipjev, 1936; (junglerice), Leersia hexandra (stems (above Kalimantan (Kalimantan
- 757 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Anguillulina angusta (Butler, (southern cut grass), Oryza ground), Selatan)
1913) Goodey, 1932, Tylenchus (rice (generic level)), Oryza shoots, Asia: Bangladesh, India,
angustus Butler, 1913); sativa (padi, paddy, rice), trunks, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Anguinidae; Sacciolepsis interrupta branches), Philippines, Thailand,
rice stem nematode, ufra disease biji baru Vietnam
panen (newly
harvested
true seeds,
grain), bibit
seedlings,
micropropaga
ted plants),
bunga
(flowers,
inflorescence
s, cones,
calyx), buah
(fruit, pods),
daun (leaves),
jerami
(straw), malai
(panicles),
tanah (soil)
3. Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, I Datura stramonium akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
- 758 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1923) Skarbilovich, 1959; (jimsonweed), Lycopersicon bibit Barat, Jawa Tengah,
(Syn. Globodera rostochiensis pimpinellifolium (currant (seedlings, Jawa Timur)
(Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, tomato), Solanum micropropaga Africa: Algeria, Canary
Heterodera (Globodera) rostochiensis (nightshade), Solanum ted plants), Island, Egypt, Kenya,
Wollenweber, 1923 (Skarbilovich, aviculare (kangaroo apple), media tanam Libya, Sierra Leone,
1959), Heterodera rostochiensis Solanum gilo (gilo), Solanum yang melekat South Africa, Tunisia
Wollenweber, 1923, Heterodera indicum (indian nightshade), pada America: Bolivia, Canada,
schachtii rostochiensis Wollenweber, Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tanaman Chile, Colombia,
1923, Heterodera schachtii solani tomato), Solanum marginatum (growing Ecuador, Mexico,
Zimmerman, 1927); (white-edged nightshade), media Panama, Peru, USA,
Heteroderidae; Solanum mauritianum (tree associated Venezuela
nematoda sista (kentang)/golden cyst tobacco), Solanum melongena with plants), Asia: Armenia, Georgia,
nematode, potato golden nematode, (terung, eggplant), Solanum tanah (soil), India, Iran, Japan,
yellow potato cyst nematode nigrum (leunca, black umbi (bulbs, Lebanon, Oman,
nightshade), Solanum tubers, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri
quitoense (narangillo), corms, Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkey
Solanum sarrachoides (green rhizomes) Europe: Albania, Austria,
nightshade, Solanum Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia
tuberosum (kentang, potato) and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Denmark, Estonia, Faroe
Islands, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
- 759 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Hungary, Iceland,
Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta,
Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Zealand, Norfolk Island
4. Hemicriconemoides mangiferae II Alnus (alders), Anacardium akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa
Siddiqi, 1961; occidentale (cashew nut), bibit Africa: Egypt, Ghana,
(Syn. Hemicriconemoides birchfieldi Ananas comosus (nanas, (seedlings, Ivory Coast, Nigeria,
Edward et al., 1965); pineapple), Artocarpus micropropaga South Africa, Sudan
Criconematidae; heterophyllus (nangka, ted plants), America: Brazil, Costa
ring nematode jackfruit), Artocarpus integer kormus Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
(cempedak, champedak), (corms), Ecuador, Grenada,
Bambusa vulgaris (bambu, media tanam Mexico, Peru, Saint Kitts
common bamboo), Carica yang melekat and Nevis, Saint Lucia,
papaya (pepaya, papaya), pada Trinidad and Tobago,
Citrus spp., Cocos nucifera tanaman USA, Venezuela
- 760 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(kelapa, coconut), Dimocarpus (growing Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei
longan (longan tree), media Darussalam, China,
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat), associated India, Iran, Israel, Oman,
Gossypium hirsutum (bourbon with plants), Pakistan, Philippines,
cotton), Grewia asiatica tanah (soil) Republic of Korea (South
(phalsa), Litchi chinensis Korea), Saudi Arabia,
(lichi), Mangifera indica Thailand, Vietnam
(mangga, mango), Manihot Oceania: American
esculenta (ubi kayu, cassava), Samoa, Fiji, New
Manilkara zapota (sawo, Caledonia, Papua New
sapodilla), Musa spp. (pisang, Guinea, Samoa, Tonga
banana), Musa x paradisiaca
(plantain), Nephelium litchii
(leci, lychee), Persea
date-palm), Piper (pepper),
Prunus armeniaca (aprikot,
apricot), Psidium guajava
(jambu biji, guava), Poacea
(rumput-rumputan), Rosa
(mawar, roses), Saccharum
Salix (willow), Theobroma
- 761 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cacao (kakao, cocoa),
Umbellularia californica
(California laurel), Vitis
maize)
5. Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952; I Aeschynomene indica (Indian akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa,
Heteroderidae; jointvetch), Beta vulgaris (bit, batang Sumatera (Lampung)
soyabean cyst nematode beetroot), Cajanus cajan (stems (above Africa: Egypt
(kacang gude, pigeon pea), ground), America: Argentina,
Fabaceae (kacang-kacangan, shoots, Brazil, Canada,
leguminous plants), Geranium trunks, Colombia, Ecuador,
(cranesbill), Glycine, Glycine branches), Paraguay, Puerto Rico,
max (kedelai, soyabean), bibit USA
Kummerowia striata (Japanese (seedlings, Asia: China, DPR Korea
lespedeza), Lamium micropropaga (North Korea), India, Iran,
amplexicaule (henbit ted plants), Japan, Mongolia,
deadnettle), Lamium biji (true Republic of Korea (South
purpureum (purple seeds, grain), Korea)
deadnettel), Lespedeza media tanam Europe: Italy, Russian
cuneata (sericea lespedeza), yang melekat Federation
Lespedeza juncea var. sericea pada
(sericea lespedeza), Lupinus tanaman
(lupins), Lupinus albus (white (growing
- 762 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
lupine), Nicotiana tabacum media
(tembakau, tobacco), associated
Penstemon, Phaseolus with plants),
vulgaris (buncis, common tanah (soil),
bean), Pisum sativum (kapri, umbi (bulbs,
sweet pea), Pelargonium sp. tubers,
(geranium), Solanum corms,
lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), rhizomes)
Sesbania exaltata (coffeebean
(USA)), Stellaria media
(common chickweed),
Verbascum thapsus (Aaron's-
rod), Vicia villosa, Vigna
aconitifolia (moth beans),
Vigna angularis (adzuki bean),
mungbean)
6. Macroposthonia onoensis; II Citrus, Mangifera indica akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa,
Criconematidae; (mangga, mango), Syzygium bibit Sumatera (Sumatera
ring nematode aromaticum (cengkeh, clove) (seedlings, Selatan, Lampung)
micropropaga America: Trinidad and
ted plants), Tobago
media tanam Asia: India
- 763 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
yang melekat
pada
tanaman
(growing
media
associated
with plants),
tanah (soil)
7. Meloidogyne graminicola Golden & II Allium cepa (bawang bombai, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (DIY,
Birchfield 1965; onion), Alopecurus (foxtails), bibit Jawa Tengah), Papua
Meloidogynidae; Ammania pentandra, (seedlings, Africa: Madagascar,
rice root-knot nematode Andropogon (beardgrass), micropropaga South Africa
Blumea, Brassica, Brassica ted plants), America: Brazil,
oleracea var. capitata (kubis, media tanam Colombia, USA
cabbage), Cerealia, Cynodon yang melekat Asia: Bangladesh, China,
dactylon (bermuda grass, pada India, Lao PDR (Laos),
rumput bermuda), Cyperus tanaman Malaysia, Myanmar,
imbricatus (shingle flatsedge), (growing Nepal, Pakistan,
Cyperus procerus, Cyperus media Philippines, Singapore,
pulcherrimus, Cyperus associated Sri Lanka, Thailand,
rotundus (purple nutsedge), with plants), Vietnam
Digitaria filiformis (slender tanah (soil), Europe: Italy
crabgrass), Echinochloa colona umbi (bulbs,
(junglerice), Echinochloa crus- tubers,
- 764 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
galli (barnyard grass), corms,
Eleusine coracana (finger rhizomes)
millet), Eleusine indica (goose
grass), Fimbristylis
complanata, Fimbristylis
dichotoma (tall fringe rush),
Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser
fimbristylis), Fuirena
glomerata, Glycine max
(kedelai, soyabean), Grangea
madraspatensis, Hordeum
Ischaemum rugosum
(saramolla grass), Ludwigia
(waterprimrose), Monochoria
vaginalis (pickerel weed),
Musa (banana), Oryza sativa
(padi, paddy, rice), Panicum
miliaceum (millet), Panicum
repens (torpedo grass),
Paspalum scrobiculatum
(ricegrass paspalum),
Phyllanthus urinaria
(leafflower), Poa annua
- 765 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Poaceae (grasses),
Ranunculus (buttercup),
Scirpus articulatus, Sorghum
Sphaeranthus, Sphenoclea
zeylanica (wedgewort),
wheat), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
8. Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949; II Actinidia chinensis (Chinese akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa
Meloidogynidae; gooseberry), Ageratina polong dalam Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
northern root-knot nematode adenophora (Croftonweed), tanah (pods Ivory Coast, Kenya,
Allium cepa (bawang bombay, in the Libya, Malawi, Morocco,
onion), Anemone (windflower), ground), Nigeria, South Africa,
Arachis hypogaea (kacang stolon Tanzania, Uganda,
tanah, peanut), Beta vulgaris (stolons), Zimbabwe
var. saccharifera (bit gula, tanah (soil), America: Argentina,
sugar beet), Brassica napus umbi (bulbs, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
var. napus (rape), Brassica tubers, Colombia, Costa Rica,
oleracea var. capitata (kubis, corms, Ecuador, Guatemala,
cabbage), Cajanus cajan rhizomes) Mexico, Panama,
(kacang gude, pigeon pea), Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), USA, Venezuela
- 766 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Capsicum annuum (cabai Asia: China, India, Iran,
besar, paprika, bell pepper, Israel, Japan,
hot pepper, red pepper, chili), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Chenopodium album (fat hen), Malaysia, Mongolia,
Chenopodium quinona Pakistan, Philippines,
(quinona), Chrysanthemum Republic of Korea (South
spp. (daisy), Cichorium intybus Korea), Sri Lanka,
(chicory), Coffea (kopi, coffee), Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Convolvulus arvensis Thailand, Turkey,
(bindweed), Cucumis (melon, Turkmenistan,
melons, cucumbers, gerkins), Uzbekistan
Cyclamen, Daucus carota Europe: Armenia,
(wortel, carrot), Dianthus Belarus, Belgium,
caryophillus (anyelir, Bulgaria, Bosnia and
carnation), Dioscorea batatas Herzegovina, Croatia,
(Chinese yam), Eustoma Czech Republic, Estonia,
grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut Finland, France,
flower crop)), Fabaceae Germany, Greece,
(kacang-kacangan, Hungary, Italy, Latvia,
leguminous plants), Fragaria Lithuania, North
ananassa (stroberi, Macedonia, Moldova,
strawberry), Glycine max Montenegro, Netherlands,
(kedelai, soyabean), Lactuca Norway, Poland, Portugal,
sativa (selada, lettuce), Linum Romania, Russian
- 767 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
usitatissimum (flax), Medicago Federation, Slovakia,
sativa (alfalfa, lucerne), Spain, Switzerland,
Mentha (mints), Nicotiana Serbia, Slovenia,
tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Ukraine, United Kingdom
Olea europeae subsp. Oceania: Australia, New
europeae (zaitun, olive), Zealand, Norfolk Island,
Pelargonium (geranium), Papua New Guinea
Phaseolus (kacang, beans),
radish), Rubus (blackberry,
raspberry), Rosa (mawar,
rose), Sinapsis alba (white
mustard), Solanum
(nightsade), Solanum
Solanum nigrum (black
Tanacetum cinerariifolium
(Phyretrum), Trifolium
(semanggi, clover), Vicia
(vetch), Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
9. Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey, II Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa,
- 768 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1929) Filipjev & Schuurmans (okra), Acalypha hispida batang Sumatera (NAD,
Stekhoven, 1941; (Copperleaf), Acer rubrum (red (stems (above Sumatera Barat)
(Syn. Anguillulina (Pratylenchus) maple), Allium cepa (onion), ground), Africa: Benin, Botswana,
brachyura (Godfrey, 1929) Goodey, Allium fistulosum (Welsh shoots, Cameroon, Egypt,
1932 (W. Schneider, 1939), onion), Anacardium trunks, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Anguillulina brachyura (Godfrey, occidentale (cashew nut), branches), Ivory Coast, Kenya,
1929), Goodey, 1932, Pratylenchus Ananas comosus (nanas, bibit Madagascar, Malawi,
leiocephalus Steiner, 1949, pineapple), Arachis hypogea (seedlings, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Pratylenchus pratensis Thorne, 1949, (kacang tanah, peanut), Areca micropropaga Nigeria, Réunion,
Pratylenchus steineri Lordello, Zamith catechu (betelnut palm), ted plants), Senegal, South Africa,
& Boock, 1954, Tylenchus Avena sativa (oats), Bambusa media tanam Togo, Uganda, Zambia,
(Chitinotylenchus) brachyurus vulgaris (common bamboo), yang melekat Zimbabwe
Godfrey, 1929 (Filipjev, 1934), Bidens pilosa (blackjack), pada America: Belize, Bolivia,
Tylenchus brachyurus Godfrey, 1929; Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea), tanaman Brazil, Canada, Costa
Pratylenchidae; Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), (growing Rica, Colombia, Cuba,
smooth headed nematode, root lesion Casuarina equisetifolia media French Guiana,
nematode (casuarina), Cattleya, associated Guatemala, Guyana,
Chrysanthemum coronarium with plants), Hawaii, Honduras,
(garland chrysanthemum), polong dalam Mexico, Peru, Puerto
Citrullus, Citrus spp., Cocos tanah (pods Rico, Trinidad and
nucifera (coconut), Coffea spp. in the Tobago, USA, Venezuela
(kopi, coffee), Cucumis melo ground), Asia: Afghanistan, Brunei
(melon), Cucumis sativus tanah (soil), Darussalam, Georgia,
(cucumber), Cucurbita umbi (bulbs, India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
- 769 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(pumpkin), Cymbopogon tubers, Malaysia, Oman,
citratus (citronella grass), corms, Pakistan, Philippines,
Dianthus barbatus (sweet rhizomes) Republic of Korea (South
williams), Digitaria decumbens Korea), Singapore, Sri
(pangolagrass), Dioscorea Lanka, Turkey,
(yam), Dacryodes edulis Uzbekistan, Vietnam
(kenari, African pear), Europe: Bulgaria,
Eucalyptus, Eustoma Cyprus, Italy, Russian
grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut Federation
flower crop)), Feijoa sellowiana Oceania: Australia, Cook
(Horn of plenty), Ficus carica Islands, Fiji, Niue,
(common fig), Fragaria Samoa, Tonga
(strawberry), Glycine max
Gossypium (cotton),
Gossypium barbadense
(Gallini cotton), Gossypium
hirsutum (bourbon cotton),
Helianthus annuus
(sunflower), Hevea brasiliensis
(karet, rubber tree), Hibiscus
cannabinus (kenaf), Hordeum
vulgare (barley), Hyparrhenia
rufa (Jaragua grass),
- 770 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Impatiens (balsam), Ipomoea
batatas (sweet potato),
Leucaena leucocephala
(leucaena), Lilium (lily),
Liriodendron tulipifera
(tuliptree), Macadamia
integrifolia (macadamia nut),
Mangifera indica (mango),
Manihot esculenta (cassava),
Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean),
tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy, rice), Pennisetum
purpureum (elephant grass),
avocado), Phaseolus lunatus
vulgaris (common bean), Pinus
palustris (longleaf pine),
Poaceae (grasses), Prunus
persica (persik, peach), Rosa
- 771 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
sugarcane), Secale cereale
(rye), Sesamum indicum
(sesame), Setaria italica
(foxtail millet), Solanum
lycopersicum (tomato),
Solanum melongena
(aubergine), Solanum torvum
(turkey berry), Solanum
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum),
Sorghum sudanense (Sudan
grass), Syagrus oleracea,
cocoa), Tipuana tipu (tipu
tree), Triticum aestivum
(wheat), Urochloa decumbens
(signal grass), Vanilla, Vigna
radiata (mung bean), Vigna
unguiculata (cowpea), Vigna
cylindrica (kacang panjang,
long bean), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize), Zingiber
officinale (ginger)
10. Pratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960; II Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
- 772 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Pratylenchidae; (okra), Abelmoschus batang Barat)
root lesion nematode, meadow moschatus (okra, lady’s (stems (above Africa: Senegal
nematode, Loos' root lesion nematode finger), Acacia deccurens ground), America: Brazil, Chile,
(green wattle), Alternanthera shoots, Guadeloupe, USA
sessilis (sessile joyweed), trunks, Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort), branches), India, Japan, Iran,
Camellia sinensis (teh, tea), bibit Republic of Korea (South
Cassia alata (Ringworm (seedlings, Korea), Sri Lanka,
senna), Catharanthus roseus micropropaga Taiwan, Turkey
(Madagascar periwinkle), ted plants), Europe: Bulgaria
Cestrum (jessamine), daun (leaves), Oceania: American
Cinnamomum camphora kormus Samoa, Australia, Cook
(camphor laurel), Citrus spp., (corms), Islands
Coffea spp. (kopi, coffee), media tanam
Convallaria spp., Cymbopogon yang melekat
citratus (citronella grass), pada
Cymbopogon nardus, Cyperus, tanaman
Cyperus rotundus (purple (growing
nutsedge), Dioscorea spp. media
(yam), Dioscorea rotundata, associated
Diospyros kaki (kesemek, with plants),
persimmon), Dipteryx odorata stolon
(tonka bean), Fragaria (stolons),
ananassa (stroberi, tanah (soil),
- 773 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
strawberry), Grevillea robusta umbi (bulbs,
(silky oak), Hibiscus rosa- tubers,
sinensis (China-rose), corms,
Imperata cylindrica (cogon rhizomes)
grass), Malus domestica (apel,
apple), Mangifera indica
(mangga, mango), Musa
plantain), Oplismenus
compositus, Panicum repens
(torpedo grass), Paspalum
notatum (bahiagrass), Pisum
orange), Prunus avium (ceri
manis, sweet cherry), Pyrus
communis (pir, European
pear), Saccharum officinarum
(tebu, sugarcane), Sesbania
cannabina (corkwood tree),
Solanum nigrum (leunca, black
- 774 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
sorghum), Tagetes (marigold),
Tecoma stans (yellow bells),
Tephrosia (hoary-pea), Tithonia
diversifolia (Tithonia), Vigna
long bean), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize)
5. GULMA NON-PARASITIK (NON-PARASITIC WEEDS)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson II hutan tanaman industri mengkontami Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu; (industrial forest), nasi biji, Barat, Jawa Tengah),
(Syn. Asystasia coromandeliana Nees hortikultura (horticulture), bibit, media Kalimantan (Kalimantan
var. micrantha Nees, Asystasia tanaman pangan (food crops), tanam Barat, Kalimantan
gangetica (L.) T. Anderson); tanaman perkebunan (estate (contaminate Timur), Sumatera
- 775 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Acanthaceae; crops) d true seeds Africa: Angola, Botswana,
Chinese violet, coromandel, creeping (inc. grain), Cameroon, DR Congo,
foxglove, Ganges primrose, Philippine seedlings, Ethiopia, Equatorial
violet growing Guinea, Gambia, Ghana,
media Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,
associated Ivory Coast, Kenya,
with plants) Liberia, Malawi, Mali,
Leone, South Africa,
Zimbabwe
Asia: India, Malaysia,
Taiwan
Oceania: Australia,
Guam, Papua New
Guinea
2. Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) II hutan tanaman industri mengkontami Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
J.F.Macbr.; (industrial forest), nasi biji, Barat), Sulawesi
(Syn. Balsamona pinto Vand., Cuphea hortikultura (horticulture), bibit, media (Sulawesi Tengah),
balsamona Cham. & Schltdl., Cuphea tanaman pangan (food crops), tanam Sumatera (Jambi,
divaricata Pohl ex Koehne, Cuphea tanaman perkebunan (estate (contaminate Kepulauan Bangka
- 776 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
elliptica Koehne, Cuphea peplidioides crops) d true seeds Belitung, Lampung,
Martel ex Koehne, Cuphea pinto (inc. grain), Sumatera Barat)
Koehne, Lythrum carthagenense seedlings, Africa: Cameroon, Guinea
Jacq., Parsonsia balsamona (Cham. growing America: Argentina,
& Schltdl.) Standl., Parsonsia pinto media Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,
(Vand.) Heller); associated Brazil, Central America,
Lythraceae; with plants) Chile, Colombia, Costa
Colombian wackweed, sete sangrías Rica, Dominica,
Dominican Republic,
French Guiana, Guyana,
Guatemala, Honduras,
Lesser Antilles,
Martinique, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Paraguay, Peru, Puerto
Rico, Saint Lucia,
Venezuela
Asia: China, India,
Japan, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Taiwan, Timor
- 777 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Leste,
Oceania: American
Samoa, Australia,
Federated States of
Micronesia, Fiji, French
Polynesia, New
Caledonia, Northern
Mariana Islands, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa,
Tonga, Vanuatu
3. Praxelis clematidea (Griseb.) R.M. II hutan tanaman industri mengkontami Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
King & H. Robinson; (industrial forest), nasi biji, Barat), Sumatera (Jambi,
(Syn. Eupatorium catarium Veldk., hortikultura (horticulture), bibit, media Kepulauan Bangka
Eupatorium clematideum Griseb., tanaman pangan (food crops), tanam Belitung, Lampung, Riau,
Eupatorium urticifolium var. tanaman perkebunan (estate (contaminate Sumatera Utara),
clematideum (Gnseb.) Hieron ex crops) d true seeds Kalimantan
Kuntze, Eupatorium urticifolium var. (inc. grain), America: Argentina,
nanum Hieron. ex Kuntze); seedlings, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Asteraceae; growing Chile, Dominican
Praxelis media Republic, Ecuador,
associated French Guiana, Guyana,
with plants) Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: China, HongKong,
- 778 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Malaysia, Taiwan
Oceania: Australia
4. Rivina humilis L.; II hutan tanaman industri mengkontami Indonesia: Bali, Jawa,
(Syn. Piercea acuminata Raf., Piercea (industrial forest), nasi biji, Sumatera
glabra Mill., Piercea obliquata Raf., hortikultura (horticulture), bibit, media Africa: Cape Verde,
Piercea tomentosa Mill., Rivina tanaman pangan (food crops), tanam Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ivory
acuminata Raf., Rivina aurantiaca tanaman perkebunan (estate (contaminate Coast, Mayotte,
Warsc. Ex Schenk, Rivina brasiliensis crops) d true seeds Mozambique, Réunion,
Nocca, Rivina canescens G. Don ex (inc. grain), Seychelles, South Africa,
Steud, Rivina gracilis Salisb., Rivina seedlings, Tanzania, Uganda,
laevis L., Rivina lanceolata Willd., growing Zimbabwe
Rivina obliquata Raf., Rivina orientalis media America: Anguilla,
Moq., Rivina pallida Salisb., Rivina associated Antigua and Barbuda,
paraguayensis S.Parodi, Rivina with plants) Argentina, Aruba,
portulaccoides Nutt., Rivina Bahamas, Barbados,
procumbens Ruiz ex Moq., Rivina Belize, Brazil, British
puberula Kunth., Rivina purpurascens Virgin Islands, Bolivia,
Schrad., Rivina tetrandra Desf., Caribbean, Central
Rivina viridiflora Bel., Rivina viridis America, Cayman
Schmidt in Meyer, Solanoides laevis Islands, Colombia, Costa
(L.) Moench, Solanoides pubescens Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Moench, Solanoides undulata Republic, El Salvador,
Moench); Ecuador, French Guiana,
Phytolaccaceae; Grenada, Guadeloupe,
- 779 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
pigeonberry, rouge plant, baby Guatemala, Guyana,
peppers, bloodberry, coralito Haiti, Honduras,
Mexico, Montserrat,
Nicaragua, Paraguay,
Rico, Saint Kitts and
Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the
USA, United States
Virgin Islands, Uruguay,
Venezuela
Asia: Chagos Archipelago,
China, Christmas Island
(Indian Ocean), India,
Japan, Philippines,
Taiwan
Europe: Germany, Spain,
Sweden
Oceania: Australia, Cocos
- 780 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Islands, Fiji, French
Polynesia, New
Caledonia, Norfolk
Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu,
Vanuatu
6. CENDAWAN (FUNGAL/FUNGAL LIKE ORGANISM/PSEUDOFUNGI)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. [s]: - II Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
[a]: Alternaria cucumerina (Ellis & lanatus (semangka, seeds), buah Barat)
Everh.) J.A. Elliott, 1917; watermelon), Cucumis melo (fruits), daun Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
(Syn. Alternaria brassicae var. (melon, melon), Cucurbita (leaves) Libya, Malawi, Nigeria,
nigrescens Peglion, 1892, maxima (labu, giant Sudan, Zambia,
Alternaria cucumerina var. pumpkin), Cucurbita moschata Zimbabwe
- 781 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cucumerina (Ellis & Everh.) J.A. (labu, pumpkin), Cucurbita America: Argentina,
Elliott, 1917, Alternaria pepo (labu kuning, zukini, Canada, Jamaica, USA
cucumerina var. cyamopsidis zucchini) Asia: Bhutan, India,
(Rangaswami & A.V. Rao) E.G. Oman, Qatar
Simmons, 1966, Alternaria Europe: Cyprus, Italy
cyamopsidis Rangaswami & A.V. Oceania: Australia
Rao, 1957, Alternaria nigrescens
(Peglion) Neerg., 1945);
Pleosporaceae;
cucumber blight, brown spot of
cucumber, alternaria leaf blight, leaf
blight of cucurbits, leaf spot of
cucumber
- 782 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
2. [s]: Balansia oryzae- II Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
sativae Hashioka, 1971; grass), Echinochloa crus-galli batang Barat, Jawa Tengah),
(Syn. Balansia oryzae (Syd.) (barnyard grass), Eragrostis (stems (above Sumatera (Sumatera
Naras. & Thirum., 1943); (lovegrasses), Leptochloa ground), Utara, Sumatera Barat,
[a]: Ephelis oryzae Syd., 1914; chinensis (Chinese trunks, NAD, Jambi)
(Syn. Ephelis pallida Pat., 1897); sprangletop), Oryza sativa branches), Africa: Ghana, Sierra
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (padi, paddy, rice), Paspalum biji (true Leone, Zambia
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, dilatatum (dallis grass), seeds inc. America: USA
Clavicipitaceae; Paspalum scrobiculatum grains), Asia: Bhutan, China,
black choke, black ring, false ergot, (ricegrass paspalum), bunga Hongkong, India, Nepal
incense rod, sterility disease, Pennisetum glaucum (pearl (flowers, Oceania: New Caledonia,
udbatta, udbatta disease of Rice millet), Secale cereale (rye), inflorescence Vanuatu
Setaria italica (foxtail millet), s, cones,
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) calyx), daun
(leaves),
tunas
(shoots)
3. [s]: Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & I Acacia decurrens (green akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa,
Halst., 1890; wattle), Acacia mangium batang Kalimantan, Sumatera
(Syn. Ceratocystis fimbriata f. (brown salwood), Acacia (stems (above (NAD, Riau)
fimbriata Ellis & Halst., 1890, mearnsii (black wattle), ground), Africa: DR Congo, Ghana,
Ceratocystis moniliformis f. Alocasia, Annona, Cajanus trunks, Ivory Coast, Seychelles,
coffeae (Zimm.) C. Moreau, 1954, cajan (pigeon pea), Camelia branches, South Africa, Uganda
Ceratostomella fimbriata (Ellis & sinensis (teh, tea), Carya bibit America: Brazil, Canada,
- 783 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Halst.) J.A. Elliott, 1923, cordiformis (bitternut hickory), (seedlings), Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ophiostoma coffeae (Zimm.) Arx, Cassia javanica (pink shower), buah (fruits), Cuba, Dominican
1952, Ophiostoma fimbriatum Citrus, Citrus aurantium (sour daun (leaves), Republic, Ecuador, El
(Ellis & Halst.) Nannf., 1934, orange), Coffea (coffee), Coffea kayu (woods), Salvador, Grenada,
Rostrella coffeae Zimm., 1900); arabica (arabica coffee), Coffea kulit kayu Guatemala, Guyana,
[a]: Chalara sp. (Vujanovic et al. canephora (robusta coffee), (bark), media Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico,
1999); Colocasia esculenta (taro), tanam(growin Nicaragua, Panama,
(Syn. Endoconidiophora Cortalaria, Crotalaria juncea g media Peru, Puerto Rico, Saint
fimbriata (Ellis & Halst.) R.W. (sunn hemp), Daucus carota associated Lucia, Saint Vincent and
Davidson, 1935, (carrot), Erythrina spp., with plants), the Grenadines,
Endoconidiophora Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tree), polong Suriname, Trinidad and
fimbriata f. fimbriata (Ellis & Fagus (beeches), Ficus carica (pods), Tobago, Uruguay, USA,
Halst.) R.W. Davidson, 1935, (fig), Gmelina arborea tanaman Hawaii, Venezuela
Sphaeronaema fimbriatum (Ellis & (candahar), Hevea brasiliensis hasil Asia: Brunei Darussalam,
Halst.) Sacc., 1892); (rubber), Hevea, Ipomoea, mikropropag Cambodia, China, DPR
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Ipomoea batatas (sweet asi Korea (North Korea),
Sordariomycetes, Microascales; potato), Mangifera indica (micropropag India, Japan, Malaysia,
black rot of sweet potato, blight of (mango), Manihot esculenta ated plants), Myanmar, Oman,
mango, cancer of coffee, mouldy rot (cassava), Metroxylon, tunas Philippines, Republic of
of rubber, Ceratocystis blight, wilt Myristica fragrans (pala), (shoots), Korea (South Korea),
disease of cocoa, cacao wilt, Pimenta dioica (Allspice), umbi (bulbs, Taiwan, Thailand,
Ceratostomella wilt, mango blight, Populus (poplars), Prunus tubers, Vietnam
black cane rot of syngonium, black (stone fruit), Prunus corms, Europe: France, Italy,
cancer of aspen, black rot of sunn armeniaca (apricot), Prunus rhizomes) Poland, Portugal,
- 784 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
hemp, black rot of taro, cancer stain dulcis (almon, badam, Switzerland, United
of plane treem Ceratocystis canker, almond), Punica granatum Kingdom
Ceratocystis wilt, mallet cancer, (pomegranate), Spathodea Oceania: American
mango wilt, sweet potato black rot, campanulata (African tulip Samoa, Australia, Fiji,
target cancer of aspen tree), Syngonium auritum, New Zealand, Papua New
Syngonium podophyllum Guinea, Samoa, Solomon
(Arrowhead vine), Theobroma Islands
cacao (cocoa), Xanthosoma
(cocoyam)
4. [s]: Diaporthe maydis (Berk.) B. I Arundinaria (cane), Bambusa, batang Indonesia: Sumatera
Sutton, 1980; Zea diploperennis, Zea mays (stems), biji (Sumatera Utara)
(Syn. Sphaeria maydis Berk. (jagung, corn, maize), Zea (true seeds), Africa: Congo, DR Congo,
(1847), Sphaeria zeae Curr., mays subsp. mays (sweetcorn) bunga Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya,
1859, Sphaeria zeae Schwein. (inflorescence Malawi, Nigeria, South
(1832)); s), daun Africa, Swaziland,
[a]: Stenocarpella maydis (Berk) B. (leaves) Tanzania, Zambia,
Sutton (1980); Zimbabwe
(Syn. Diplodia maydicola Speg., America: Belize, Brazil,
1911, Diplodia maydis (Berk.) Canada, Honduras,
Ellis & Everh., 1892, Diplodia Mexico, USA, Argentina,
maydis (Berk.) Sacc., 1884, Brazil, Colombia,
Diplodia zeae Lév., 1848, Diplodia Ecuador
zeae-maydis Mekht.,1962, Asia: China, India, Iran,
Hendersonia zeae (Lév.) Hazsl. Japan, South Korea,
- 785 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(1872), Macrodiplodia zeae (Lév.) Nepal, Pakistan, Taiwan,
Petr. & syd..1923, Macrodiplodia Thailand
zeae var. zeae (Lév) Petr. &Syd., Europe: Austria,
1923, Phaeostagonosporopsis Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
zeae (Lév.) Woron. (1925)); Italy, Montenegro, Serbia,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, United Kingdom
Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales; Oceania: Australia, New
ear rot of maize, leaf spot of maize, Zealand
stalk rot of maize, seedling blight of
maize, leaf blight of maize, leaf blight
of Sorghum spp., leaf spot of grasses,
Diplodia ear and stalk rot, white ear
rot of maize
5. [s]: Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & I Abelmoschus esculentus batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Ellis) Sacc., 1882; (okra), Abution theophrasti (stems), biji Barat)
(Syn. Diaporthe aspalathi E. (velvet leaf), Allium cepa (true seeds, Africa: Cameroon, Egypt,
Jansen, Castl. & Crous, 2006, (bawang bombay, onion), grains), buah Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal,
Diaporthe caulivora (Athow & Allium sativum (bawang putih, (fruits), daun Sierra Leone, South
Caldwell) J.M. Santos, Vrandecic garlic), Amaranthus spinosus (leaves), Africa, Tanzania
& A.J.L. Phillips, 2011, Diaporthe (spiny amaranth), Arachis media tanam America: Argentina,
phaseolorum var. batatae (Harter hypogaea (kacang tanah, (growing Brazil, Canada,
& E.C. Field) Wehm., 1933, groundnut), Brachyglottis media Colombia, Cuba,
Diaporthe phaseolorum repanda (rangiora), Capsicum associated Ecuador, Guyana,
var. caulivora Athow & Caldwell, annuum (cabai, hot pepper, with plants), Paraguay, USA,
- 786 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1954, Diaporthe chilies, red pepper), Capsicum polong (pods) Venezuela
phaseolorum var. meridionalis F.A frustescens (cabai rawit, Asia: China, DPR Korea
. Fernández, 1996, Diaporthe chilli), Capsicum sp., Glycine (North Korea), Georgia,
phaseolorum var. sojae (Lehman) max (kedelai, soybean), India, Malaysia, Nepal,
Wehm., 1933, Diaporthe Helianthus annuus (bunga Republic of Korea (South
sojae Lehman, 1923, Sphaeria matahari, sunflower), Korea), Sri Lanka,
phaseolorum Cooke & Ellis, Lespedeza, Lupinus spp., Taiwan, Thailand
1878); Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean), Europe: Armenia,
[a]: Phomopsis phaseoli (Desm.) Phaseolus vulgaris (kacang Azerbaijan, Bulgaria,
Sacc., 1915; panjang, common bean), Croatia, Czech Republic,
(Syn. Chorostate batatas (Harter Phaseolus spp., Solanum France, Hungary, Italy,
& E.C. Field) Sacc., 1928, Phoma lycopersicum (tomat, Moldova, Montenegro,
phaseoli Desm., 1836, Phoma tomato),Vicia faba (faba bean), Poland, Romania,
subcircinata Ellis & Everh., 1893, Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) Russian Federation,
Phomopsis phaseoli var. phaseoli Serbia, Spain
(Desm.) Sacc., 1915, Phomopsis Oceania: Australia, New
sojae Lehman, 1922, Zealand
Septomazzantia
phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis)
Lar.N. Vassiljeva, 1998);
Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales,
Diaporthaceae;
lima bean pod blight, leaf spot of
- 787 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Lima bean, bean pod blight, bean
stem blight, bean stem canker, pod
blight of bean, pod blight of lima
bean, steam blight of bean, stem
canker of bean
6. [s]: Diaporthe vexans (Sacc. & P. Syd.) I Solanum aculeatissimum, batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Gratz, 1942; (Dutch-eggplant), Solanum (stems (above Barat, Jawa Tengah,
[a]: Phomopsis vexans (Sacc. & P. incanum (grey bitter-apple), ground), Jawa Timur)
Syd.) Harter, 1914; Solanum melongena (terung, trunks, Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(Syn. Ascochyta hortorum (Speg.) eggplant, aubergine), Solanum branches), Kenya, Mauritius,
C.O. Sm., 1905, Phoma solani nigrum (leunca, black bibit Senegal, Seychelles,
Halst., 1892, Phoma vexans Sacc. nightshade), solanum torvum (seedlings), South Africa, Tanzania,
& P. Syd., 1899, Phyllosticta (turkey berry), Solanum biji (true Zambia, Zimbabwe
hortorum Speg., 1881); virginianum (Surattense seeds, America: Antigua and
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, nightshade) grains), buah Barbuda, Argentina,
Sordariomycetes, Diaporthales, (fruits), Barbados, Bermuda,
Diaporthaceae; bunga Brazil, Canada,
blight of eggplant, Phomopsis rot of (flowers, Colombia, Costa Rica,
eggplant, brown spot of eggplant, inflorescence Cuba, Dominican
fruit rot of eggplant, tip over of s, cones, Republic, El Savador,
eggplant calyx), daun Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
(leaves), Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
media tanam, Mexico, Panama, Puerto
polong Rico, United States Virgin
- 788 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(pods), Island, USA, Venezuela
tanaman Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei
hasil Darussalam, China,
mikropropag India, Iran, Irak, Japan,
asi Jordan, Laos, Malaysia,
(micropropag Maldives, Myanmar,
ated plants), Pakistan, Philippines,
tunas Republic of Korea (South
(shoots) Korea), Saudi Arabia,
Taiwan
Europe: Romania
New Caledonia
7. [s]: Didymella bryoniae (Fuckel) I Cucurbitaceae, Citrullus batang Indonesia: Sumatera
Rehm, 1881; vulgaris (semangka, (stems), biji (Jambi), Jawa (Jawa
(Syn. Didymella bryoniae var. watermelon), Cucumis melo (true seeds), Barat)
astragalina Rehm, 1872, (melon, melon), Cucumis buah (fruits), Africa: Ethiopia, Gabon,
Didymella bryoniae var. bryoniae sativus (mentimun, daun (leaves), Kenya, Malawi,
(Fuckel) Rehm, 1881, Didymella cucumber), Cucurbita spp., media tanam Mauritius, Morocco,
effusa (Niessl) Sacc., 1882, Momordica charantia (paria, (growing Nigeria, South Africa,
Didymella effusa var. aronici bitter gourd), Sechium edule media Uganda, Zambia,
Sacc., 1897, Didymella effusa var. (labu siam), Solanum associated Zimbabwe
effusa (Niessl) Sacc., 1882, tuberosum (kentang, potato) with plants) America: Argentina,
- 789 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Didymella melonis Pass., 1891, Barbados, Belize,
Didymosphaeria bryoniae Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
(Auersw.) Niessl, 1875, Canada, Chile, Costa
Didymosphaeria effusa Niessl, Rica, Cuba, Dominica, El
1875, Didymosphaeria melonis Salvador, Jamaica,
Pidopl., 1948, Laestadia Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru,
cucurbitacearum, (Fr.) Sacc., Puerto Rico, Trinidad and
1883, Mycosphaerella cucumis Tobago, USA
(Fautrey & Roum.) W.F. Chiu & Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei
J.C. Walker, 1949, Darussalam, China,
Mycosphaerella melonis (Pass.) India, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
W.F. Chiu & J.C. walker, 1949, Laos, Malaysia,
Sphaerella bryoniae Auersw., Myanmar, Pakistan,
1869, Sphaerella citrullina Philippines, Republic of
(Chester) Sacc. & Traverso, 1911, Korea (South Korea), Sri
Sphaerella cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand
Cooke, 1883, Sphaeria bryoniae Europe: Austria,
Fuckel, 1870, Sphaeria bryoniae Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
var. bryoniae Fuckel, 1870, Denmark, France,
Sphaeria cucurbitacearum Fr., Germany, Greece,
1823); Ireland, Italy,
[a]: Stagonospora cucurbitacearum Netherlands, Norway,
(Fr.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Poland, Romania,
Verkley, 2010; Russian Federation,
- 790 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn. Ascochyta citrullina Slovakia, Sweden,
(Chester) C.O. Sm., 1905, Switzerland, Ukraine,
Ascochyta cucumis Fautrey United Kingdom
Roum., 1891, Ascochyta melonis Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
Potebnia, 1910, Cercidospora France Polynesia, New
bryoniae (Fuckel) Kuntze, 1898, Caledonia, New Zealand,
Cercidospora effusa (Niessl) Pitcairn, Samoa, Samoa
Kuntze, 1898, Cercidospora America, Solomon
melonis (pass.) Kuntze, 1898, Islands, Tonga
Cercospora citrullina Cooke, 1883,
Cercospora citrullina var. citrullina
Cooke, 1883, Cercospora citrullina
var. trichosanthis-anguinae
Rangaswami & Chandras., 1962,
Cercospora cucurbitae Ellis &
Everh., 1888, Diplodia citrullina
(Chester) Grossenb., 1909, Phoma
cucurbitacearum (Fr.) sacc., 1884,
Phoma cucurbitacearum f.
cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Sacc., 1884,
Phoma cucurbitacearum f.
trichosanthis sacc., 1903,
Phyllosticta citrullina Chester,
1891);
- 791 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Didymellaceae;
gummy stem blight, leaf spot of
cucurbits, cercospora leafspot of
squash, cucumber black rot,
cucurbits stem blight, cucurbits leaf
spot, cucurbits stem-end rot
8. [s]: Elsinoe ampelina Shear, 1929; I Rubus fruticosus (blackberry), batang Indonesia: Bali
(Syn. Uleomyces parasiticus Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Vitis (stems (above Africa: Kenya,
Henn., Plectodiscella veneta labrusca (fox grape), Vitis ground), Madagascar, Mauritius,
Burkh., Elsinoë viticola Racib.); rupestris (sand-grape), Vitis trunks, Morocco, Mozambique,
[a]: Sphaceloma ampelinum de Bary, vinifera (grapevine) branches), South Africa, Tanzania,
1874; buah (fruits), Zambia, Zimbabwe
(Syn. Gloeosporium bunga America: Argentina,
ampelophagum (Pass.) Sacc., (flowers, Barbados, Bermuda,
1878, Ramularia inflorescence Brazil, Canada, Chile,
ampelophaga Pass., 1876, s, cones, Colombia, Costa Rica,
Manginia ampelina Viala & calyx), daun Cuba, Dominican
Pacottet); (leaves), Republic, Haiti, Jamaica,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, polong Puerto Rico, Mexico,
Dothideomycetes, Myriangiales, (pods), tunas Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay,
Elsinoaceae; (shoots) USA, Venezuela
grape anthracnose; grape black spot; Asia: Afghanistan,
- 792 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
grape black rot; bird's eye spot; bird's Azerbaijan, Cambodia,
eye rot; vine black spot; bird's eye China, Georgia, Hong
fungus; anthracnose of grapevine; Kong, India, Iran, Japan,
bird's eye disease of grapevine; black Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
spot of grapevine Myanmar, Pakistan,
Korea), Taiwan,
Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
Austria, Belarus,
Belgium, Bulgaria,
Estonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovenia, Spain,
United Kingdom
Oceania: Australia,
- 793 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Zealand, Papua New
Guinea
9. [s]: Erysiphe necator Schwein., 1832; II Ampelopsis, Cissus (grape), batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(Syn. Erysiphe Cissus rhombifolia (grape ivy), (stems (above Timur), Bali
necator var. ampelopsidis (Peck) Parthenocissus, Vitis, Vitis ground), Africa: Algeria, Congo,
U. Braun & S. Takam., 2000, vinifera (anggur, grapevine), trunks, DR Congo, Egypt,
Uncinula americana Howe, 1872, Vitis vinifera subsp. Sylvestris, branches), Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
Uncinula ampelopsidis Peck, bibit Malawi, Mauritania,
1872, Uncinula necator (Schwein.) (seedlings), Morocco, Mozambique,
Burrill, 1892, Uncinula necator buah (fruits), Portugal, Sierra Leone,
var. ampelopsidis (Peck) U. bunga Somalia, South Africa,
Braun, 1983, Uncinula (flowers, Sudan, Tanzania,
necator var. necator (Schwein.) inflorescence Tunisia, Uganda,
Burrill, 1892); s, cones, Zimbabwe
[a]: Oidium tuckeri Berk., 1847; calyx), daun, America: Argentina,
(Syn. Acrosporium tuckeri (Berk.) kayu (woods), Barbados, Bermuda,
Sumst., 1913, Oidium kulit kayu Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
tuckeri Berk., 1847, Pseudoidium (bark), polong Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba,
tuckeri (Berk.) Y.S. Paul & J.N. (pods), Dominican Republic,
Kapoor, 1986); tanaman Guatemala, Guyana,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, hasil Jamaica, Mexico, Peru,
Leotiomycetes, Erysiphales, mikropropag Puerto Rico, Trinidad and
Erysiphaceae; asi Tobago, Uruguay, USA,
- 794 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
embun tepung (powdery mildew), (micropropag Hawaii, Venezuela
grapevine powdery mildew, grape ated plants), Asia: Afghanistan, China,
powdery mildew, powdery mildew tunas Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
grapevine (shoots) Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan,
Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon,
Myanmar, Pakistan,
Korea), Saudi Arabia, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Taiwan,
Uzbekistan, Yemen
Europe: Armenia,
Belgium, Bosnia and
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Malta, Moldova,
- 795 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
North Macedonia, Poland,
Portugal, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Slovakia,
United Kingdom
Zealand, Papua New
Guinea
10. [s]: - I Asparagus officinalis akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
[a]: Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. (asparaga, asparagus) batang Barat, Jawa Timur)
asparagi S.I. Cohen; (stems), biji America: Mexico, USA
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, (true seeds), Asia: Taiwan
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, bibit Europe: France, Greece,
Nectriaceae; (seedlings), Italy, Netherlands,
layu, busuk akar (wilt, root rot) media tanam Poland
(growing
media
associated
with plants)
11. [s]: - I Acacia melanoxylon akar (roots), Indonesia: Sumatera
[a]: Fusarium oxysporum f. passiflorae (australian blackwod), batang (Sumatera Utara)
W.L. Gordon, 1954; Passiflora edulis (passion (stems (above Africa: South Africa
- 796 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, fruit), Passiflora ground), America: Brazil, USA
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, quadrangularis (markisa, trunks, Asia: China
Nectriaceae; granadilla, passion-fruit), branches), Oceania: Australia
layu Fusarium, Fusarium wilt, wilt of Samanea saman (rain tree) daun (leaves),
passion fruit media tanam
(growing
media
associated
with plants),
tunas
(shoots)
12. [s]: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) I Acacia mearnsii (black wattle), akar (roots), Indonesia: Sumatera
Petch,1936; Alopecurus pratensis (Meadow batang (Sumatera Barat), Jawa
(Syn. Botryosphaeria saubinetii foxtail), Avena sativa (oats), (stems (above (Jawa Timur)
(Mont.) Niessl, 1872, Dothidea Azadirachta indica (neem ground), Africa: Cameroon, Egypt,
zeae (Schwein.) Schwein., 1832, tree), Beta vulgaris pv. trunks, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya,
Gibbera saubinetii Mont., 1856, saccharifera (bit gula, sugar banches), biji Malawi, Nigeria, South
Gibberella pulicaris subsp. beet), Brassica, Cucurbita (true seeds, Africa, Tunisia, Zambia,
saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., 1878, pepo (labu kuning, zukini, grains), buah Zimbabwe
Gibberella saubinetii (Mont.) zucchini), Dianthus (anyelir, (fruits), America: Argentina,
Sacc., 1879, Gibberella saubinetii carnation), Gardenia bunga Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
f. acuum Feltgen, 1901, Gibberella jasminoides (cape jasmine), (flowers, Colombia, Costa Rica,
saubinetii f. saubinetii (Mont.) Glycine max (kedelai, inflorescence Dominica, Grenada,
Sacc., 1879, Gibberella saubinetii soyabean), Gossypium s, cones, Honduras, Mexico,
- 797 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
subsp. pachyspora Sacc., 1880, (cotton), Hordeum vulgare calyx), daun Paraguay, Peru, Saint
Gibberella saubinetii subsp. (barley), Hyacinthus orientalis (leaves), Lucia, Saint Vincent and
saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., 1879, (hyacinth), Jatropha curcas media tanam, the Grenadines,
Gibberella saubinetii var. acuum (jarak, jatropha), Linum polong Uruguay, USA, Windward
(Feltgen) Sacc., 1906, Gibberella usitassimum (flax), Lolium (pods), tunas Island
saubinetii var. calami Henn., multiflorum (Italian ryegrass), (shoots), Asia: Bangladesh, China,
1903, Gibberella saubinetii var. Lupinus (lupins), Lycopersicon, umbi (tubers) India, Iran, Japan,
coronillae Sacc., 1879, Gibberella Mangifera indica (mangga, Kazakhstan, Lebanon,
saubinetii var. flacca Wollenw., mango), Medicago (medic), Nepal, Pakistan, Republic
1931, Gibberella saubinetii var. Medicago littoralis (strand of Korea (South Korea),
mate Speg., 1908, Gibberella medick), Miscanthus x Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
saubinetii var. pachyspora Sacc., giganteus, Musa x paradisiaca Taiwan, Turkey,
1880, Gibberella saubinetii var. (pisang, banana), Nicotiana Uzbekistan
saubinetii (Mont.) Sacc., 1879, tabacum (tembakau, tobacco), Europe: Austria,
Gibberella saubinetii var. Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, Belgium, Bosnia and
tetraspora Feltgen, 1903, rice), Panicum miliaceum Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Sphaeria saubinetii Berk. & (millet), Pennisetum glaucum Croatia, Czech Republic,
Broome, 1848, Sphaeria zeae (pearl millet), Phalaris Denmark, Finland,
Schwein., 1822); canariensis (canarygrass), France, Germany,
[a]: Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, Phaseolus vulgaris (kacang Greece, Hungary,
1839; buncis, common bean), Pinus Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
(Syn. Dichomera saubinetii sylvestris (Scots pine), Pisum Lithuania, Luxemburg,
(Mont.) Cooke, 1878, Fusarium (pea), Rubus idaeus Moldova, Montenegro,
caricis Oudem., 1890, Fusarium (raspberry), Secale cereale Netherlands, North
- 798 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
graminearum Schwabe (1838), (rye), Solanum (leunca, Macedonia, Norway,
Fusarium graminearum var. nightshade), Solanum Poland, Portugal,
caricis (Oudem.) Wollenw., 1931, tuberosum (kentang, potato), Romania, Russian
Fusarium graminearum var. Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Federation, Serbia,
graminearum Schwabe, 1839, Trifolium (clovers), Triticale, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Fusarium roseum Link emend Triticum aestivum (wheat), Sweden, Switzerland,
Snyder & Hansen., 1945, Vaccinium (blueberries), Vicia Ukraine, United Kingdom
Hendersoniopsis zeae (Schwein.) faba ( Broad bean), Vitis Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
Woron., 1922); vinifera (anggur, grapevine), New Zealand. Papua New
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Zea mays (jagung, corn, Guinea, Solomon Islands
Sordariomycetes, Hypocreales, maize), Zingiber officinale
Nectriaceae; (jahe, ginger)
headblight of maize, scab of maize,
root rot of maize, stalk rot of maize,
ear rot of maize, gibberella stalk rot,
gibberella ear rot, red ear rot, pink
ear rot, fusarium root and stalk rot,
cobweb disease
13. [s]: - I Solanum tuberosum (kentang, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa
[a]: Helminthosporium solani Durieu potato) tunas Tenggara Barat (Lombok),
& Mont., 1849; (shoots), Sumatera (Bengkulu,
(Syn. Brachysporium umbi (tubers) Jambi, Sumatera
solani (Durieu & Mont.) Sacc., Selatan, Sumatera Utara,
1886, Cladosporium abietinum Sumatera Barat, Jambi)
- 799 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Zukal, Dematium atrovirens Harz, Africa: Morocco, South
1871, Helminthosporium Africa
atrovirens (Harz) E.W. Mason & S. America: Argentina,
Hughes, 1953), Spondylocladium Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
atrovirens (Harz) Harz ex Sacc., Chile, Colombia, Cuba,
1886); Mexico, Peru, USA,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Venezuela
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, Asia: China, India, Iran,
Massarinaceae; Israel, Japan, Myanmar,
silver scurf Singapore, Taiwan,
Turkey
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
Denmark, France,
Germany, Greece,
Poland, Romania,
Russian Federation,
Slovakia, Sweden,
Switzerlands, United
Kingdom
Caledonia, New Zealand,
- 800 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Papua New Guinea
14. [s]: Leptosphaeria maculans (Tul. & C. II Alliaria, Argemone mexicana akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa,
Tul.) Ces. & De Not., 1863; (jaruju, Mexican poppy), batang Sumatera (Sumatera
(Syn. Phaeosphaeria sowerbyi Asteraceae, Astragalus (stems (above Barat), Sulawesi
(Fuckel) L. Holm, 1957, adsurgens, Avena sativa (oat, ground), (Sulawesi Selatan,
Leptosphaeria alliariae (Auersw.) oat), Beta vulgaris (bit gula, trunks, Sulawesi Utara)
Rehm, 1883, Pleospora maculans sugar beet), Brassica spp., branches), Africa: Egypt, Ethiopia,
Tul. & C. Tul., 1863, Pleospora Brassica juncea var. juncea biji (true Kenya, Mozambique,
maculans (Ces. & De Not.) Tul. & (Indian mustard), Brassica seeds), buah Nigeria, South Africa,
C. Tul., Sphaeria napus var. napus (rape), (fruits), daun Zambia, Zimbabwe
alliariae Auersw., Sphaeria Brassica nigra (black (leaves), America: Argentina,
brassicae Pers. ex Curr., 1859, mustard), Brassica oleracea polong Brazil, Canada, Costa
Sphaeria lingam Tode, 1791, (kol, cabbage), Brassica (pods), tunas Rica, El Salvador,
Sphaeria maculans Desm.); olerace var. botrytis (bunga (shoots) Guadeloupe, Mexico,
[a]: Phoma lingam (Tode) Desm., kol, cauliflower), Brassica Panama, Puerto Rico,
1849; oleracea var. capitata (kubis, USA
(Syn. Depazea brassicae Sacc., cabbage), Brassica oleracea Asia: China, DPR Korea
1884, Heptameria maculans (Ces. var. gemmifera (Brussels (North Korea), Georgia,
& De Not.) Cooke, Phoma sprouts), Brassica oleracea India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
brassicae Thüm., 1884, Phoma var. italica (brokoli, broccoli), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
lingam f. linariae Sacc. & Paol., Brassica oleracea var. viridis Malaysia, Pakistan,
Phoma lingam f. lingam (Tode) (collards), Brassica rapa Philippines, Republic of
Desm., 1849, Phoma subsp. Oleifera (turnip rape), Korea (South Korea),
lingam var. lingam (Tode) Desm., Brassica rapa subsp. Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey
- 801 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1849, Phoma pekinensis, Brassica rapa Europe: Armenia,
lingam var. napobrassicae (Rostr.) subsp. rapa (turnip), Austria, Belarus,
Grove, 1935, Phoma Brassicaceae, Cardamine Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
napobrassicae Rostr. (1892), bellidfolia, Clematis vitalba, Republic, Denmark,
Phoma oleracea Sacc., 1880, Eucalyptus globulus, Gentiana Estonia, Finland, France,
Phoma oleracea f. oleracea Sacc., cruciata, Gentianales, Hibiscus Germany, Hungary,
1909, Phoma oleracea rosa-sinensis (kembang Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
f. oleracea Sacc., 1880, Phoma sepatu, China rose), Iberis Liechtenstein, Lithuania,
oleracea var. antirrhini Sacc., (candytuft), Iberis umbellata, Malta, Netherlands,
1884, Phoma Lobularia, Lobularia maritima, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
oleracea var. antirrhini- Lolium perenne, Matthiola, Romania, Russian
litigiosi Gonz. Frag., 1917, Phoma Matthiola incana, Onagraceae, Federation, Slovakia,
oleracea var. arabidis Baudyš & Raphanus raphanistrum, Spain, Sweden,
Picb., 1928, Phoma oleracea var. Raphanus Sativus (lobak, Switzerland, Ukraine,
dipsaci Sacc., 1884, Phoma radish), Raphanus sativus var. United Kingdom,
oleracea var. heraclei-lanati Sacc., sativus, Secale cereale, Scotland
1920, Phoma oleracea var. Sinapsis alba, Sinapsis Oceania: Australia, New
oleracea Sacc., 1880, Phoma arvensis (wild mustard), Caledonia, New Zealand,
oleracea var. scrophulariae Sacc., Sisymbrium sp., Thlaspi Papua New Guinea
1884, Phoma oleracea var. arvense (field pennycress)
solidaginis Sacc., 1884, Phoma
oleracea var. tanaceti Allesch.,
1901, Phoma
oleracea var. urticae Sacc., 1884,
- 802 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Phyllosticta brassicae Westend.,
1851, Phyllosticta napi Sacc.,
1879, Plenodomus lingam (Tode)
Höhn.), Sphaeropsis lingam (Tode)
Mussat);
Dothideomycetes, Ploeosporales,
Leptosphaeriaceae;
pangkal batang hitam (black leg),
canker, dry rot, leaf spot, black leg of
fungus, black leg of rapeseed, black
leg of cabbage, black leg of crucifers,
dry rot of crucifers, stem canker
15. [s]: - I Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
[a]: Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) (okra), Abies concolor (Rocky batang Barat, Banten)
Goid., 1947; Mountain white fir), Actinidia (stems (above Africa: Benin, Botswana,
(Syn. Botryodiplodia phaseoli chinensis (Chinese ground), Burkina Faso, Cameroon,
(Maubl.) Thirum., 1953, gooseberry), Actinidia deliciosa trunks, Central African Republic,
Dothiorella phaseoli (Maubl.) Petr. (kiwifruit), Albizia lebbeck branches), DR Congo, Egypt,
& Syd., 1927, Dothiorella (Indian siris), Alhagi biji (true Ethiopia, Gabon,
philippinensis (Petr.) Petr., 1927, pseudalhagi (Camel-thorn), seeds, Gambia, Ghana, Ivory
Dothiorella cajani (Syd., P. Syd. & Allium cepa (bawang bombay, grains), buah Coast, Kenya, Libya,
E.J. Butler) Syd., P. Syd. & E.J. onion), Allium sativum (fruits), Madagascar, Malawi,
Butler, 1925, Fusicoccum (bawang putih, garlic), Arachis bunga Mauritius, Morocco,
- 803 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cajani (Syd., P. Syd. & E.J. Butler) hypogaea (kacang tanah, (flowers, Mozambique, Niger,
Samuels & B.B. Singh, 1986, groundnut), Artocarpus inflorescence Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra
Macrophoma cajani Syd., P. Syd. hirsutus (wild jack fruit), s, cones, Leone, Somalia, South
& E.J. Butler, 1916, Macrophoma Basella alba (Malabar calyx), daun Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
corchori Sawada, 1916, spinach), Beta vulgaris var. (leaves), Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,
Macrophoma phaseoli Maubl., saccharifera (bit gula, sugar polong Uganda, Zambia,
1905, Macrophoma beet), Boehmeria nivea (ramie), (pods), tunas Zimbabwe
phaseolina Tassi, 1901, Bombax ceiba (silk cotton (shoots), America: Argentina,
Macrophoma sesami Sawada, tree), Brassica, Brassica umbi (bulbs, Bahamas, Brazil,
1922, Macrophomina oleracea var. botrytis (bunga tubers, Canada, Chile, Colombia,
phaseoli (Maubl.) S.F. Ashby, kol, cauliflower), Broussonetia corms, Cuba, Dominica, El
1927, Macrophomina papyrifera (paper mulberry), rhizomes) Savador, Guadeloupe,
phaseoli var. indica Moniz & V.P. Cajanus cajan (kacang gude, Guyana, Honduras,
Bhide, 1963, Macrophomina pigeon pea), Cannabis sativa Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto
phaseoli var. phaseoli (Maubl.) (ganja, hemp), Capsicum Rico, Peru, Trinidad and
S.F. Ashby, 1927, Macrophomina annuum (paprika, bell pepper), Tobago, Uruguay, USA,
philippinensis Petr., 1923, Carica papaya (pepaya, Venezuela
Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taubenh.) papaya), Carthamus tinctorius Asia: Bangladesh, Brunei
E.J. Butler, 1925, Rhizoctonia (safflower), Catharanthus Darussalam, China,
lamellifera W. Small, 1924, roseus (Pink periwinkle), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Sclerotium bataticola Taubenh., Cedrus atlantica (Atlas cedar), Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon,
1913, Tiarosporella Cedrus deodara (Himalayan Malaysia, Myanmar,
phaseoli (Maubl.) Aa, 1977, cedar), Celosia argentea Nepal, Oman, Pakistan,
Tiarosporella phaseolina (Tassi) (celosia), Chlorophytum, Cicer Republic of Korea (South
- 804 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Aa, 1981); arietinum (chickpea), Korea), Sri Lanka, Syria,
Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Cichorium (chicory), Citrullus Taiwan, Turkey, Yemen
Botryosphaeriales, lanatus (semangka, Europe: Austria,
Botryosphaeriaceae; watermelon), Citrus reticulata Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
charcoal rot of bean/tobacco, ashy (mandarin), Cocos nucifera Republic, Denmark,
stem blight, ashy stem decay of (kelapa, coconut), Corchorus France, Germany,
bean/tobacco, blight of capsularis (white jute), Greece, Hungary, Ireland,
bean/tobacco, root rot of Corchorus olitorius (jute), Italy, Mediterranean
bean/tobacco Coriandrum sativum countries, Montenegro,
(coriander), Crocus sativus Netherlands, Romania,
(saffron), Crotalaria juncea Russian Federation,
(sunn hemp), Cucumis melo Serbia, Slovakia, Spain,
(melon, melon), Cucumis Switzerland, United
sativus (mentimum, Kingdom
cucumber), Cucurbita pepo Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
(labu kuning, zukini, New Zealand, Papua New
zucchini), Cuminum cyminum Guinea, Solomon Islands
(cumin), Curcuma longa
(kunyit, turmeric), Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba (guar), Dahlia,
Datura stramonium
(jimsonweed), Daucus carota
(wortel, carrot), Elaeis
guineensis (kelapa sawit,
- 805 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
African oil palm), Eucalyptus
camaldulensis (red gum),
Eucalyptus tereticornis (forest
red gum), Fagopyron,
Fragaria, Fragaria ananassa
(stroberi, strawberry), Glycine
Gossypium (kapas, cotton),
Gossypium barbadense
(Gallini cotton), Helianthus
sunflower), Hibiscus
schizopetalus (fringed
hibiscus), Impatiens
sweet potato), Incarvillea
delavayi, Jasminum (melati,
jasmine), Juniperus
scopulorum (Rocky Mountain
juniper), Juniperus virginiana
(eastern redcedar), Lablab
purpureus (hyacinth bean),
Lagenaria siceraria (bottle
- 806 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
gourd), Lens culinaris subsp.
culinaris (lentil), Linum (flax),
Lupinus (lupins), Macrotyloma
uniflorum (horsegram),
mango), Manihot esculenta
(singkong, cassava), Medicago
(medic), Momordica charantia
(bitter gourd), Narcissus
(daffodil), Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Olea
(olive), Oryza sativa (padi,
paddy, rice), Papaver
somniferum (Opium poppy),
(Guayule), Pelargonium
(pelargoniums), Pennisetum
glaucum (pearl millet),
Phaseolus (beans), Phaseolus
bean), Pinopsida (conifers),
Pinus canariensis (Canary
pine), Pinus caribaea
- 807 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Caribbean pine), Pinus clausa
(sand pine), Pinus halepensis
(Aleppo pine), Pinus jeffreyi
(Jeffrey pine), Pinus
lambertiana (big pine), Pinus
pinaster (maritime pine), Pinus
pinea (stone pine), Pinus
radiata (radiata pine), Piper
betle (betel pepper), Piper
nigrum (black pepper), Pisum
sativum (pea), Plectranthus
barbatus, Prosopis juliflora
(mesquite), Prunus armeniaca
(apricot), Prunus cerasus (sour
(peach), Pseudotsuga
guava), Psophocarpus
tetragonolobus (winged bean),
radish), Ricinus communis
- 808 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(sugarcane), Salvia officinalis
(common sage), Sapium
sebiferum (Chinese tallow
tree), Sesamum indicum
(sesame), Solanum
eggplant, aubergine), Solanum
Solanum viarum (tropical soda
apple), Solidago canadensis
(Canadian goldenrod),
Sorghum bicolor (sorghum),
Sterculia urens (kateera gum),
Stevia rebaudiana,
Stylosanthes (pencil-flower),
(water apple), Tagetes erecta
(African marigold), Trifolium
alexandrinum (Berseem
clover), Trigonella foenum-
graecum (fenugreek), Vanilla
planifolia (vanilla), Vicia faba
(faba bean), Vigna aconitifolia
- 809 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(moth beans), Vigna mungo
(black gram), Vigna radiata
(mung bean), Vigna
(grape), Zea mays (jagung,
corn, maize), Zingiber (jahe,
ginger)
16. [r]: Melampsora allii-populina Kleb., I Allium, Allium ampeloprasum biji (true Indonesia: Sulawesi
1902; (wild leek), Allium cepa seeds), daun (Sulawesi Utara)
(Syn. Melampsora allii-populina f. (bawang bombay, onion), (leaves), umbi Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
allii-populina Kleb., 1902, Puccinia Allium cepa var. agregatum (bulbs) Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
allii-populina (Kleb.) Gombkötô, (bawang merah, shallot), Mauritius, Morocco,
Iváncsics, Latos Németh & P. Allium chinense (spring onion), Mozambique, South
Reisinger, 2011, Uredo allii- Allium fistulosum (welsh Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia,
populina Arthur, 1906); onion), Allium porrum (leek), Uganda, Zimbabwe
Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycetes, Allium sativum (bawang putih, America: Argentina,
Pucciniales, Melampsoraceae; garlic), Allium schoenoprasum Brazil, Canada, Chile,
rust of garlic, rust of onion (chives), Allium tuberosum Guatemala, Mexico,
(Oriental garlic), Allium vinale Uruguay, USA
(crow garlic), Populus Asia: China, DPR Korea,
(poplars) India, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Japan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgystan, Lebanon,
Myanmar, Pakistan,
- 810 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Philippines, Republic of
Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Taiwan, Thailand,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Yemen
Europe: Armenia,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic,
Czechoslovakia,
Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Greece,
Latvia, Malta, Moldova,
Poland, Portugal,
Russian Federation,
Serbia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey,
Zealand
17. [s]: Mycosphaerella fijiensis M. I Heliconia psittacorum, Musa bibit Indonesia: Sumatera
- 811 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Morelet (1969); spp. (pisang, banana) (seedlings), (Sumatera Utara)
(Syn. Mycosphaerella fijiensis var. daun (leaves) Africa: Benin, Burundi,
difformis J.L. Mulder & R.H. Cameroon, Central
Stover (1976), Mycosphaerella African Republic,
fijiensis var. fijiensis M. Morelet, Comoros, Congo, DR
1969); Congo, Gabon, Ghana,
[a]: Pseudocercospora fijiensis (M. Guinea-Bissau, Ivory
Morelet) Deighton (1976); Coast, Kenya,
(Syn. Cercospora fijiensis M. Madagascar, Malawi,
Morelet (1969), Cercospora Mauritius, Mayotte,
fijiensis var. difformis J.L. Mulder Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda,
& R.H. Stover (1976), Sao Tome and Principe,
Paracercospora fijiensis (M. Tanzania, Togo, Uganda,
Morelet) Deighton (1979), Zambia
Paracercospora fijiensis var. America: Bahamas,
difformis (J.L. Mulder & R.H. Belize, Bolivia, Brazil,
Stover) Deighton (1979)); Colombia, Costa Rica,
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Cuba, Dominican
Dothideomycetes, Mycopshaerelalles, Republic, Ecuador, El
Mycosphaerellaceae; Salvador, Grenada,
black sigatoka Guatemala, Guyana,
Haiti, Honduras,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
- 812 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Rico, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines,
Tobago, USA, Hawaii,
Venezuela
Asia: Bhutan, Brunei
Darussalam, China,
Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, Taiwan,
Thailand, Vietnam.
Oceania: American
Samoa, Australia, Cook
Islands, Federated states
of Micronesia, Fiji,
Marshall Islands, New
Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk
Islands, Palau, Papua
New Guinea, Samoa,
Solomon Islands, Tonga,
Vanuatu, Wallis and
Futuna Islands
- 813 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
18. [c]: Peronosclerospora II Avena sativa (oat, oats), biji (true Indonesia: Sulawesi
philippinensis (W. Weston) C.G. Saccharum officinarum (tebu, seeds), daun Africa: Mauritius
Shaw, 1978; sugarcane), Saccharum (leaves) Asia: China, India,
(Syn. Sclerospora spontaneum (wild sugarcane), Japan, Nepal, Pakistan,
maydis Reinking, 1918, Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Philippines, Taiwan,
Sclerospora philippinensis W. Sorghum halepense (Johnson Thailand
Weston, 1920); grass), Zea mays (jagung,
Oomycota, Oomycetes, Peronosporea, corn, maize), Zea mays subsp.
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; mexicana (teosinte)
Philippine downy mildew
19. [c]: Peronosclerospora sorghi (W. II Andropogon sorghi, Panicum biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Weston & Uppal) C.G. Shaw, trypheron, Pennisetum seeds, Barat, Jawa Tengah,
1978; glaucum, Sorghum spp., grains), daun Jawa Timur), Kalimantan
(Syn. Sclerospora andropogonis- Sorghum almum (Columbus (leaves), (Kalimantan Barat,
sorghi (Kulk.) Mundk., 1951, grass), Sorghum media tanam Kalimantan Timur),
Sclerospora graminicola var. arundinaceum, Sorghum (tanah) Sumatera (Sumatera
andropogonis-sorghi Kulk., 1913, bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), (growing Barat, Lampung), Nusa
Sclerospora sorghi W. Weston & Sorghum caffrorum, Sorghum media Tenggara Timur,
Uppal, 1932, Sorosporium halepense (Johnson grass), associated Sulawesi (Gorontalo,
andropogonis-sorghi S. Ito, 1935); Sorghum propinquum, with plants Sulawesi Selatan), Bali
Oomycota, Peronosporea, Sorghum sudanense (Sudan (soil)) Africa: Benin, Botswana,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; grass), Sorghum vesicolor, Burkina Faso, Burundi,
sorghum downy mildew, mildew of Sorghum virgatum (tunis Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana,
maize and sorghum grass), Zea diploperennis, Zea Kenya, Malawi,
- 814 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
mays (jagung, corn, maize), Mauritania, Mauritius,
Zea mays subsp. Mexicana Mozambique, Nigeria,
(teosinte) Rwanda, Somalia, South
Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Uganda,
Zambia, Zimbabwe
America: Argentina,
El Salvador, Guatemala,
Honduras, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Peru, Puerto Rico, USA,
Uruguay, Venezuela
Asia: Bangladesh,
Cambodia, China, India,
Iran, Israel, Japan,
Nepal, Pakistan,
Thailand, Timor Leste,
Vietnam, Yemen
Europe: Italy
Oceania: Australia
20. [c]: Peronospora manshurica (Naumov) II Glycine max (kedelai, batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Syd., 1923; soyabean), Glycine soja (stems (above Timur, Jawa Barat)
- 815 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Syn.Peronospora sojae F. Lehm. & ground), Africa: Ethiopia, South
F.A. Wolf, 1924, Peronospora trunks, Africa, Zimbabwe
trifoliorum var. manshurica Naumo branches), America: Argentina,
v, 1914); biji (true Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
Oomycota, Peronosporea, seeds, Canada, Colombia, Cuba,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; grains), buah Mexico, Puerto Rico, USA
soybean downy mildew, embun bulu (fruits), Asia: China, DPR Korea
bunga (North Korea), Iran,
(flowers, Israel, Japan,
inflorescence Kazakhstan, Malaysia,
s, cones, Philippines, Republic of
calyx), daun Korea (South Korea),
(leaves), Taiwan, Thailand,
polong Turkey, Vietnam
(pods), tunas Europe: Bosnia and
(shoots) Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia,
Denmark, France,
Latvia, Macedonia,
Poland, Romania,
Russian Federation,
- 816 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Serbia, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Sweden,
Zealand
21. [r]: Phakopsora ampelopsidis Dietel & I Ampelopsis, Ampelopsis batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
P. Syd., 1898; aconitifolia (monkhood-vine), (stems), daun Tengah, Jawa Timur),
(Syn. Angiopsora Ampelocissus robinsonii, (leaves) Bali, Sulawesi (Sulawesi
ampelopsidis (Dietel & P. Syd.) Ampelopsis heterophylla, Selatan)
Thirum. & F. Kern, 1949, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Asia: China, Hong Kong,
Physopella ampelopsidis (Dietel & (Amur ampelopsis), Cayratia, Japan, Nepal,
P. Syd.) Cummins & Ramachar, Cissus, Cissus yoshimurae, Philippines, Republic of
1959); Meliosma sp., Meliosma Korea (South Korea),
Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, myriantha, Partheocissus Taiwan, Thailand
Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales, thunbergii, P. tricuspidata, Oceania: Australia
Phakopsoraceae; Quinaria tricuspidata,
ampelopsis rust fungus, karat, rust Vitaceae, Vitis caribaea, Vitis
coignatiae, Vitis flexuosa, Vitis
lanata, Vitis munsoniana, Vitis
tiliifolia, Vitis vinifera (anggur,
grapevine)
22. [c]: Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. I Abies lasiocarpa var. akar (roots), Indonesia: Sulawesi
Sm. & E.H. Sm.) Leonian, 1925; arizonica, Acca sellowiana, batang (Sulawesi Tengah), Nusa
(Syn. Phytophthora imperfect var. Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi), (stems (above Tenggara Timur
- 817 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
citrophthora (R. E. Sm. & E. H. Buxus, Castanea sativa ground), Africa: Algeria, Angola,
Sm.) Sarej., 1936, Pythiacystis (chesnut), Chamaecyparis trunks, DR Congo, Egypt,
citrophthora R. E. Sm. & E. H. lawsonia (Port oxford cedar), branches), Ethiopia, Ivory Coast,
Sm., 1906); Citrullus lanatus (semangka, biji (true Kenya, Mauritius,
Oomycota, Peronosporea, watermelon), Citrus spp., seeds, Morocco, Mozambique,
Peronosporales, Peronosporaceae; Citrus clementina, Citrus grains), buah Senegal, South Africa,
brown rot of Citrus fruit, foot rot of limetta (sweet lemon tree), (fruits), daun Tunisia, Zambia,
citrus, cocoa black pod, stem Citrus limon (lemon), Citrus (leaves), Zimbabwe
necrosis, canker, seedling blight maxima (pummelo), Citrus media tanam America: Argentina,
reticulata (Mandarin), Citrus (growing Barbados, Brazil, Chile,
sinensis (nevel orange), Cocos media Costa Rica, Cuba,
nucifera (kelapa, coconut), associated Dominican Republic,
Coptis japonica, Diospyros with plants), Ecuador, El Salvador,
kaki (kesemek, persimmon), polong French Guiana,
Euonymus spp., Fagus spp., (pods), tunas Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Ficus elastica, Fortunella (shoots) Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica,
japonica (round kumquat), Martinique, Mexico,
Fragaria spp., Fragaria Panama, Peru, Puerto
ananasa (stroberi, Rico, Suriname, Trinidad
strawberry), Fragaria regia and Tobago, USA,
(walnut), Hevea brasiliensis Uruguay, Venezuela
(karet, rubber), Juglans spp., Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Juglans regia (walnut), Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq,
Lavandula angustifolia Israel, Japan, Jordan,
- 818 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(lavender), Ligustrum vulgare, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Mandevilla spp., Murraya sp., Lebanon, Malaysia,
Nothofagus obliqua (roble), Pakistan, Philippines,
Pandorea jasminoides, Republic of Korea (South
Pelargonium graveolens (rose Korea), Taiwan,
geranium), Picea abies Tajikistan, Thailand,
(common spruse), Piper Turkey, Turkmenistan,
nigrum (lada, pepper), Pistacia Uzbekistan, Vietnam,
vera (pistachio), Poncirus Yemen
trifoliate, Prunus armeniaca Europe: Armenia,
(aprikot, apricot), Prunus Azerbaijan, Belarus,
avium (ceri manis, sweet Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
cherry), Prunus domestica Republic, Estonia,
(prem, plum), Prunus dulcis France, Greece, Hungary,
(almon, badam, almond), Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Rhododendron spp., Ribes Moldova, Poland,
sanguineum, Ribes lobbii (lobs Portugal, Russian
goosberry), Ribes sanguineum Federation, Slovenia,
(flowering currant), Spain, Switzerland,
Rosmarinus officinalis Ukraine, United Kingdom
(rosemary), Rubus idaeus, Oceania: Australia, Cook
Sandoricum koetjape (kecapi, Islands, Fiji, New
kecaphi), Sciadopitys Caledonia, New Zealand
verticillata, Sequoiadendron
- 819 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
giganteum, Sesamum indicum
(wijen, sesame), Solanum
Tabernae coronaria, Taxus
spp., Theobroma cacao (kakao,
cocoa), Vaccinium (bluberries)
23. [s]: Pleospora allii (Rabenh.) Ces. & I Allium cepa (bawang bombay, biji (true Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa
De Not., 1863; onion), Allium cepa var. seeds), buah Tenggara Barat (Lombok)
(Syn. Cryptosphaeria herbarum aggregatum (bawang merah, (fruits), daun Africa: Egypt, Senegal,
(Pers.) Grev., 1824, Pleospora shallot), Allium porrum (leaves), South Africa
albicans Fuckel, 1870, Pleospora (bawang prei, leek), Allium polong (pods) America: Argentina,
alfalfae E. G. Simmons, 1986, sativum (bawang putih, Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Pleospora allii (Rabenh.) Ces. & garlic), Asparagus officinalis Jamaica, USA, Venezuela
De Not., 1863, Pleospora asparagi (asparagus), Aster, Glycine Asia: China, India, Iran,
Rabenh. ex Sacc., 1883, max (kedelai, soyabean), Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Pleospora asparagi Rabenh., Helianthus anuus (bunga Malaysia, Republic of
1858, Pleospora cheiranthi Cocc. matahari, sunflower), Korea (South Korea),
& Morini, 1883, Pleospora Mangifera indica (mangga, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka,
denotata (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc., mango), Medicago sativa Taiwan, United Arab
1883, Pleospora euonymi Fuckel, (alfalfa, lucerne), Medicago Emirates
1870, Pleospora euonymi f. tribuloides (barrel medic), Europe: Belgium,
caulicola Grove, 1933, Pleospora Pyrus communis (pir, Cyprus, France,
euonymi var. euonymi Fuckel, European pear), Raphanus Germany, Greece, Italy,
- 820 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1870, Pleospora euonymi f. sativus (lobak, radish), Netherlands, Portugal,
euonymi Fuckel, 1870, Pleospora Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
euonymi f. ramealis Feltgen, tomato) Switzerland, United
1905, Pleospora excavata var. Kingdom
basitricha (Durieu & Mont.) Sacc., Oceania: Australia, New
1883, Pleospora frangulae Fuckel, Zealand, Tonga, Vanuatu
1870, Pleospora gymnocladi
Bagnis, 1877, Pleospora herbarum
(Pers.) Rabenh. ex Ces. & De Not.,
1863, Pleospora herbarum (Pers.)
Rabenh., 1854, Pleospora
herbarum f. amaryllidis Scalia,
1900, Pleospora herbarum var.
asperulina Bubák, 1914,
Pleospora herbarum var. brassicae
Sacc., 1890, Pleospora herbarum
f. buphthalmi Scalia, 1900,
Pleospora herbarum f. camelliae
Speg., 1899, Pleospora herbarum
f. centranthi-rubri Scalia, 1900,
Pleospora herbarum var.
cheiranthi (Cocc. & Morini) Sacc.
& Traverso, 1911, Pleospora
herbarum f. cheiranthi-cheiri
- 821 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Scalia, 1900, Pleospora herbarum
f. chimonanthi Scalia, 1901,
Pleospora herbarum var. cichorii
Cooke, Pleospora herbarum f.
citrorum Sacc., 1882, Pleospora
herbarum var. cleomes Bubák,
coluteicola Henn., 1905, Pleospora
herbarum var. coronillae Gonz.
Frag., 1917, Pleospora herbarum
var. coryphae Cavara & Mollica,
1906, Pleospora herbarum f. crini
f. dahliae Scalia, 1900, Pleospora
herbarum f. daturae Scalia, 1900,
Pleospora herbarum f. eriobotryae
f. euonymi Scalia, 1901, Pleospora
herbarum var. euphrasiae
(Rabenh.) Sacc., 1882, Pleospora
herbarum f. ferulae Scalia, 1900,
Pleospora herbarum f. florentina
Cif., 1923, Pleospora herbarum f.
foliicola Rehm, 1873, Pleospora
- 822 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
herbarum var. galii Lambotte,
genistae-ibericae Gonz. Frag.,
glumarum Berk. & Broome,
halimodendri Gonz. Frag., 1917,
herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh., 1863,
Pleospora herbarum f. herbarum
(Pers.) Rabenh., 1863, Pleospora
herbarum var. ilicis M. Bechet &
N. Coman, 1963, Pleospora
herbarum var. iridia Cooke,
Pleospora herbarum f. lactucum
Padhi & Snyder, 1954, Pleospora
herbarum f. lilii-martagonis Scalia,
1901, Pleospora herbarum f.
liriodendri Berl., 1888,
liriodendri Berl., 1888, Pleospora
herbarum var. lolii (P. Karst. &
Har.) Mussat, 1901, Pleospora
herbarum f. lonicerae Scalia,
- 823 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
magnoliae Scalia, 1901, Pleospora
herbarum f. mahoniae Scalia,
marrubii Berl., 1888, Pleospora
herbarum f. marrubii Berl., 1888,
Pleospora herbarum f. microspora
Sacc., 1883, Pleospora herbarum
f. minor Niessl, 1876, Pleospora
herbarum var. minuscula Berl.,
nepetae Gonz. Frag., 1914,
occidentalis Wehm., 1946,
Pleospora herbarum var. ostryae
Berl., 1888, Pleospora herbarum f.
phaseoli Scalia, 1900, Pleospora
herbarum var. pisi (Sowerby)
Cooke, Pleospora herbarum var.
psoraleae Berl., 1888, Pleospora
herbarum f. psoraleae Berl., 1888,
Pleospora herbarum f. resedae
Rehm, 1881, Pleospora herbarum
f. robusta Niessl, 1876, Pleospora
- 824 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
herbarum f. rubiae Scalia, 1901,
Pleospora herbarum var. rutae
Henn., 1903, Pleospora herbarum
f. rutae Scalia, 1901, Pleospora
herbarum f. scillae Scalia, 1900,
Pleospora herbarum f.
scrophulariae Scalia, 1900,
Pleospora herbarum var. silenicola
Speg., 1898, Pleospora herbarum
f. siliquaria J. Kunze, 1876,
Pleospora herbarum f. smilacis
f. solidaginis Gonz. Frag., 1914,
Pleospora herbarum var. spinicola
Feltgen, 1903, Pleospora
herbarum var. symphoricarpi
Pass., 1890, Pleospora herbarum
var. triglochinis Dearn. & House,
1925,
Pleospora herbarum f. viburni
Scalia, 1901, Pleospora
labiatarum Cooke & Harkn.,
1880, Pleospora leguminum
(Wallr.) Rabenh., 1858, Pleospora
- 825 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
lolii P. Karst. & Har., 1890,
Pleospora mali Hesler, 1927,
Pleospora meliloti Rabenh., 1883,
Pleospora meliloti f. achilleae
Feltgen, 1903, Pleospora meliloti
var. medicaginis Cooke & Massee,
1889, Pleospora meliloti var.
meliloti Rabenh., 1883, Pleospora
meliloti f. meliloti Rabenh., 1883,
Pleospora pisi (Sowerby) Fuckel,
1870, Pleospora pomorum A. S.
Horne, 1920, Pleospora
putrefaciens A. B. Frank, 1896,
Pleospora salsolae Fuckel, 1864,
Pleospora salsolae var. basitricha
(Durieu & Mont.) Berl., 1888,
Pleospora salsolae var. salsolae
Fuckel, 1864, Pleospora salsolae
f. salsolae Fuckel, 1864,
Pleospora salsolae var. salsolae-
peruvianae Speg., 1883, Pleospora
salsolae f. schoberiae Sacc., 1880,
Pleospora samarae Fuckel, 1870,
Pleospora sedicola E. G.
- 826 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Simmons, 2001, Pleospora
tomatonis E. G. Simmons, 2001,
Pleospora typhae Pass. ex
Brunaud, 1889, Sphaeria allii
Rabenh., 1846, Sphaeria asparagi
(Rabenh. ex Sacc.) Plowr.,
Sphaeria brassicae Lasch, 1857,
Sphaeria denotata Cooke & Ellis,
1877, Sphaeria excavata var.
basitricha Durieu & Mont., 1848,
Sphaeria herbarum Pers., 1801,
Sphaeria herbarum f. euphrasiae
Rabenh., 1860, Sphaeria
leguminum Wallr., 1833, Sphaeria
pisi Sowerby, 1803, Sphaeria
samarae (Fuckel) Plowr.);
[a]: Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.)
E.G. Simmons, 1969;
(Syn. Alternaria putrefaciens
(Fuckel) E. G. Simmons, 1995,
Ampulina herbarum (Pers.) Quél.,
1875, Clasterosporium
putresfaciens (Fuckel) Sacc.,
1886, Clasterosporium
- 827 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
putresfaciens var. crucipes
Speschnew, 1901,
Clasterosporium putresfaciens var.
putresfaciens (Fuckel) Sacc.,
1886, Delacourea samarae
(Fuckel) Cooke, Exormatostoma
herbarum (Pers.) Gray, 1821,
Helminthosporium vesicarium
Wallr., 1833, Macrospproim
cheiranthi var. echinellum (Berk. &
M. A. Curtis), 1875, Macrosporium
commune Rabenh, 1870,
Macrosporium commune var.
arachidis Sacc., 1975,
Macrosporium commune f.
arachidis Sacc., 1975,
brassicae Brunaud, 1897,
calotropidis Trotter, 1916,
calotropidis Trotter, 1912,
campanulae D. Sacc., 1901,
- 828 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
echinellum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis)
Sacc., 1886, Macrosporium
commune f. heraclei Brunaud,
1897, Macrosporium commune f.
lactucae-scarilolae Kabát &
Bubák, 1906, Macrosporium
commune f. leguminum Roum.,
1985, Macrosporium commune f.
musae Berl. & Roum., 1887,
Macrosporium commune f. pisi
Gonz. Frag., 1919, Macrosporium
commune f. ricinis-communis Berl.
& Roum., 1887, Macrosporium
commune f. syringae Roum.,
1885, Macrosporium commune
var. theicola Speschnew, 1904,
Macrosporium echinellum Berk. &
M. A. Curtis, 1867, Macrosporium
parasiticum Thüm, 1877,
- 829 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Macrosporium sarcinula Berk.,
1838, Macrosporium vesicarium
(Wallr.) Sacc., 1886,
Sporidesmium putrefaciens
Fuckel, 1870, Stemphylium
alfalfae E. G. Simmons, 1986,
Stemphylium brassicicola Y. F. Pei
& X. G. Zhang, 2010 ,
Stemphylium commune (Rabenh.)
N. F. Buchw., 1939, Stemphylium
cremanthodii Y. F. Pei & X. G.
Zhang, 2009, Stemphylium
herbarum E. G. Simmons, 1986,
Stemphylium mali Yong Wang bis
& X. G. Zhang, 2009,
Stemphylium parasiticum (Thüm.)
J. A. Elliott, 1924, Stemphylium
sedicola E. G. Simmons, 2001,
Stemphylium tomatonis E. G.
Simmons, 2001);
Pleosporaceae;
onion leaf blight; garlic leaf blight;
- 830 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
purple spot of asparagus; brown spot
of pear; garlic leaf spot; onion leaf
spot; asparagus leaf spot;
Stemphylium blight of onion; leaf
blight: onion; purple spot: Asparagus
spp.
24. [s]: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de I Abelmoschus esculentus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Bary, 1884; (bendi, okra), Acroptilon batang Barat, Jawa Tengah)
(Syn. Helotium sclerotiorum (Lib.) repens (Russian knapweed), (stems (above Africa: Algeria, Congo,
Fuckel, 1866, Hymenoscyphus Actinidia chinensis (kiwi, ground), DR Congo, Egypt,
sclerotiorum (Lib.) W. Phillips, Chinese gooseberry), Actinidia trunks, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya,
1887, Sclerotinia deliciosa (kiwifruit), Alcea branches), Malawi, Mauritius,
libertiana Fuckel, 1870, rosea (Hollyhock), Allium cepa biji (true Morocco, Nigeria, Saint
Sclerotinia opuntiarum Speg., (bawang bombay, onion), seeds, Helena, South Africa,
1899, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum f. Allium sativum (bawang putih, grains), buah Tanzania, Zimbabwe
orobanches Naras. & Thirum., garlic), Anemone coronaria (fruits), America: Argentina,
1954, Sclerotinia (poppy anemone), Anethum bunga Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil,
sclerotiorum f. sclerotiorum (Lib.) graveolens (adas, dill), (flowers, Canada, Chile, Colombia,
de Bary, 1884, Sclerotinia Angelica archangelica inflorescence Costa Rica, Cuba,
sclerotiorum var. opuntiarum (Speg (Angelica), Antirrhinum majus s, cones, Ecuador, El Salvador,
.) Alippi, 1960, Sclerotinia (bunga mulut singa, calyx), daun Guatemala, Mexico,
sclerotiorum var. snapdragon), Apium (leaves), Nicaragua, Panama,
sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, 1884, graveolens (seledri, celery), tanaman, Peru, Uruguay, USA,
Whetzelinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) Apium graveolens var. polong Venezuela
- 831 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Korf & Dumont, 1972); Rapaceum (celeriac), Aquilegia (pods), tunas Asia: Bangladesh, China,
[a]: Sclerotium varium Pers., 1801; (Columbines), Aquilegia (shoots), Gaza, Georgia, India,
(Syn. Peziza coemansii J.J. Kickx, flabellata, Arabidobsis umbi (bulbs, Iran, Israel, Japan,
Peziza sclerotiorum Lib., 1837, thaliana, Arachis hypogaea tubers, Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal,
Phialea sclerotiorum (Lib.) Gillet, (kacang tanah, groundnut), corms, Pakistan, Republic of
1881); Arctium lappa (burdock), rhizomes) Korea (South Korea),
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Argyranthemum frutescens Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Leotiomycetes, Helotiales, (marguerite daisy), Asclepias Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan,
Sclerotiniaceae; (Silkweed), Asparagus Thailand, Turkey,
cottony soft rot, white rot, Sclerotinia officinalis (asparagus), Aster Uzbekistan, Vietnam
wilt, Sclerotinia head rot, Sclerotinia ericoides (Heath aster), Europe: Albania, Austria,
blossom blight, Sclerotinia drop Astragalus sinicus (chinese Azerbaijan, Belarus,
Sclerotinia soft rot, Sclerotinia stalk clover), Begonia tuberhybrida, Belgium, Bosnia
rot, Sclerotinia stem rot, collar rot, Bellis perennis (common andHerzegovina,
Sclerotinia pod rot, Sclerotinia daisy), Berberis (barberries), Bulgaria, Croatia,
canker, Sclerotinia twig blight, watery Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera Cyprus, Czech Republic,
pod rot, white mould, sclerotinia (bit gula, sugar beet), Borago Denmark, Estonia,
disease officinalis (Borage), Brassica, Finland, France,
Brassica carinata (African Germany, Greece,
cabbage), Brassica oleracea Hungary, Iceland,
(cabbages, cauliflowers), Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Lithuania, Macedonia,
(cauliflower), Brassica Malta, Moldova,
oleracea var. capitata Montenegro, Netherlands,
- 832 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(cabbage), Brassica oleracea Norway, Poland, Portugal,
var. gemmifera (Brussels Romania, Russian
sprouts), Brassica oleracea Federation, Serbia,
var. gongylodes (kohlrabi), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden,
Brassica oleracea var. italica Switzerland, Ukraine,
(brokoli, broccoli), Brassica United Kingdom
oleracea var. viridis (collards), Oceania: American
Brassica napus var. napus Samoa, Australia, Fiji,
(rape), Brassica rapa subsp. New Zealand, Samoa
chinensis (Chinese cabbage),
Brassica rapa subsp.
pekinensis, Brassica rapa
subsp. rapa (turnip),
Brassicaceae (cruciferous
crops), Camellia, Camelina
sativa, Campanula
(campanulas), Cannabis
sativa (hemp), Capsicum
annuum (bell pepper),
Capsicum frutescens (cabai
rawit, chilli), Carduus (thistle),
Carthamus tinctorius
(kesumba, safflower), Carum
carvi (jintan putih, caraway),
- 833 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Catharanthus roseus
(Madagascar periwinkle),
Centaurea (Knapweed),
Chrysanthemum (krisan,
daisy), Cicer arietinum (kacang
Arab, chickpea), Cichorium
(chicory), Citrullus lanatus
Citrus, Citrus aurantiifolia
(lemon, lime), Citrus
aurantium (sour orange),
Citrus limonia (mandarin
lime), Citrus maxima (jeruk
Bali, pummelo), Citrus medica
(jeruk sukade, citron), Citrus
reticulata (Jeruk Mandarin,
(jeruk, navel orange), Citrus x
paradisi (grapefruit),
Corchorus olitorius (yute, jute),
Coriandrum sativum
(ketumbar, coriander),
Cosmos bipinnatus (garden
- 834 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
cosmos), Crotalaria spectabilis
(showy rattlepod), Cucumis
melo (melon, melon), Cucumis
sativus (mentimun,
cucumber), Cucurbita maxima
(kabocha, giant pumpkin),
Cucurbita moschata (labu,
zucchini), Cullen corylifolium
(black-dot), Cynara
cardunculus L. var. scolymus
(globe artichoke),
Cynoglossum officinale
(hound's tongue), Datura
stramonium (jimsonweed),
Daucus carota (wortel,carrot),
Dianthus caryophyllus
(anyelir, carnation), Echinacea
purpurea (purple coneflower),
Echium vulgare, Euphorbia
poinsettia), Eustoma
grandiflorum (Lisianthus (cut
- 835 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
flower crop)), Felicia
amelloides, Foeniculum
vulgare (adas, fennel),
Fragaria ananassa (stroberi,
strawberry), Gaillardia x
grandiflora, Glycine max
Gossypium (cotton), Guizotia
abyssinica (niger), Helianthus
annuus (sunflower),
Helianthus tuberosus
(Jerusalem artichoke),
Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf),
Hibiscus trionum (Venice
mallow), Humulus (hop),
Iberis sempervirens (edging
candytuft), Ipomoea batatas
(ubi jalar, sweet potato), Iris
(irises), Lablab purpureus
(hyacinth bean), Lactuca
Lagenaria siceraria (bottle
gourd), Lantana camara
(lantana), Lavandula stoechas,
- 836 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris
(lentil), Lilium (lili, lily),
Lupinus (lupins), Malus
Malvaviscus arboreus var.
drumondii, Marrubium
(horehound), Medicago sativa
(alfalfa, lucerne), Melilotus
(melilots), Mentha piperita
(daunt mint, peppermint),
Mentha spicata (Spear mint),
Morus (murbei, mulberrytree),
Musa (pisang, banana),
tobacco), Ocimum, Ocimum
basilicum (basil),
Osteospermum, Panax
ginseng (Asiatic ginseng),
Papaver somniferum (Opium
poppy), Pastinaca sativa
(parsnip), Pelargonium
(pelargoniums), Persea
americana (alpukat, avocado),
Petroselinum crispum (parsley),
- 837 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Petunia, Phaseolus (beans),
bean), Phaseolus lunatus
(kacang kratok, lima bean),
Phaseolus radiata (kacang
hijau), Phaseolus vulgaris
Phlox, Pistacia vera
(pistachio), Pisum sativum
(kapri, pea), Prunus (stone
fruit), Prunus avium (ceri
manis, sweet cherry), Prunus
dulcis (almon, badam,
(peach), Prunus salicina
(Japanese plum), Ranunculus
asiaticus (garden crowfoot),
Ranunculus repens (creeping
buttercup), Rhaponticum
repens (Russian knapweed),
Ricinus communis (jarak
kepyar, castor bean), Rosa
(roses), Rosmarinus officinalis
- 838 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(rosmarin, rosemary), Rubus
idaeus (raspberry), Saccharum
Sesamum indicum (sesame),
(terung, aubergine), Solanum
Sonchus asper, Spinacia
Stevia rebaudiana, Tagetes
erecta (African marigold),
Thymus citriodorus,
Trachyspermum ammi,
Trifolium (clovers), Tulipa
(tulip), Vaccinium corymbosum
virgatum, Vicia faba (broad
bean), Vigna angularis (kacang
azuki, adzuki bean), Vigna
mungo (kacang mungo, black
gram), Vigna radiata (kacang
hijau, mung bean), Viola
(violet), Xanthium cavanellesii,
- 839 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Xerochrysum bracteatum,
Zinnia
25. [c]: Spongospora subterrana (Wallr.) I Capsicum annuum (paprika, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa
Lagerh., 1892; bell pepper), Datura bonggol, Africa: Algeria, Burundi,
(Syn. Erysibe subterranean stramonium (jimsonweed), media tanam Egypt, Kenya,
Wallr., 1892, Sporosorium scabies Nicandra physalodes (apple of (tanah) Madagascar, Mauritius,
(Berk.) A. A. Fiscj. Waldh., 1877, Peru), Nicotiana rustica (wild (growing Morocco, Mozambique,
Spongospora scabies (Berk.) tobacco), Physalis peruviana media Rwanda, South Africa,
Massee, 1908, Tuburcinia scabies (Cape gooseberry), Solanum associated Tanzania, Tunisia,
Berk., 1846); Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, with plants Zimbabwe
Chromista, Cercozoa, Phytomyxea, tomato), Solanum marginatum (soil)), umbi America: Argentina,
Plasmodiophorida, (white-edged nightshade), (bulbs, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Plasmodiophoridae; Solanum nigrum (leunca, black tubers, Chile, Colombia, Costa
slimy rot,powdery scab, corky scab, nightshade), Solanum corms, Rica, Ecuador, Falkland
corky scab: potato, powdery scab of tuberosum (kentang, potato), rhizomes) Islands, Mexico, Panama,
potato, powdery scab: potato, tomato Tussilago farfara (Colt's-foot), Peru, USA, Hawaii,
powdery scab Ullucus tuberosus (Ulluco) sebagai Uruguay, Venezuela
vektor: Potato Asia: China, India, Iran,
mop-top Israel, Japan,
pomovirus Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Nepal,
Pakistan, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan, Turkey
Europe: Austria,
- 840 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Belgium, Bosnia and
Croatia, Cyprus,
Czechoslovakia,
Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany,
Macedonia, Malta,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
United Kingdom
Zealand
26. [sm]: Sporisorium scitamineum (Syd.) I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, batang Indonesia: Jawa,
M. Piepenbr., M. Stoll & Oberw., sugarcane) (stems), Sulawesi (Sulawesi
2002; bunga Selatan)
(Syn. Sphacelotheca (flowers, Africa: Burkina Faso,
miscanthi W.Y. Yen, 1937, inflorescence Cameroon, Chad, Congo,
Sporisorium mischanti (W.Y. Yen) s, cones, DR Congo, Egypt,
L. Guo, 1990, Ustilago calyx), daun Ethiopia, Ghana, Ivory
- 841 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
amadelpha Syd., P. Syd. & E.J. (leaves), Coast, Kenya,
Butler, 1912, Ustilago tunas Madagascar, Malawi,
amadelpha (shoots) Mali, Mauritius, Morocco,
var. amadelpha Syd., P. Syd. & Mozambique, Niger,
E.J. Butler, 1912), Ustilago Nigeria, Réunion,
scitaminea Syd., 1924, Ustilago Senegal, Somalia, South
scitaminea var. sacchari-barberi Africa, Sudan, Swaziland,
Mundk., 1940, Ustilago Tanzania, Uganda,
scitaminea var. sacchari- Zambia, Zimbabwe
officinarum Mundk., 1940, America: Argentina,
Ustilago scitaminea var. Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,
scitaminea Syd., 1924); Brazil, Colombia, Costa
[a]: - Rica, Cuba, Dominican
Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Republic, El Salvador,
Ustilaginomycetes, Ustilaginales, Guadeloupe, Guatemala,
Ustilaginaceae; Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
sugarcane pecut api, sugarcane smut Jamaica, Martinique,
Mexico, Nicaragua,
Panama, Paraguay,
Puerto Rico, Portugal,
Tobago, USA, Hawaii,
Uruguay, Venezuela
- 842 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Asia: Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, Cambodia,
China, Georgia, India,
Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Nepal, Oman,
Pakistan, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Taiwan,
Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan, Vietnam
Europe: Armenia,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia, Moldova,
Portugal, Ukraine,
Russian Federation
27. [s]: - II Imperata cylindrica (cogon daun (leaves) Indonesia: Jawa,
[a]: Stagonospora sacchari T.T. Lo & grass), Miscanthus japonica, Sumatera (Lampung)
L. Ling, 1950; Miscanthus sinensis (eulalia), Africa: South Africa
Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Rottboellia cochinchinensis America: Argentina,
Dothideomycetes, Pleosporales, (itch grass), Saccharum Panama, Venezuela
Phaeosphaeriaceae; officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Asia: China, India,
- 843 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
gosong daun tebu (sugarcane scorch), Saccharum spontaneum (wild Japan, Philippines,
leaf scorch sugarcane) Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam
Oceania: Papua New
Guinea
28. [r]: Uromycladium tepperianum (Sacc.) I Acacia saligna (akasia, Port batang Indonesia: Bali, Jawa
McAlpine, 1906; jackson wattle), Albizia (stems), bibit (Jawa Barat, Jawa
(Syn. Coeomurus falcataria (sengon, silk tree) (seedlings) Tengah, Jawa Timur),
tepperianus (Sacc.) Kuntze, 1898, Maluku, Sulawesi,
Uromyces tepperianus Sacc., Sumatera (Bengkulu),
1889); Nusa Tenggara Barat
Basidiomycota,Pucciniomycotina, (Lombok)
Pucciniomycetes, Pucciniales, Africa: South Africa
Pileolariaceae; Asia: Filipina, Malaysia
rust, gall rust Oceania: Australia,
Papua New Guinea
- 844 -
7. BAKTERI (BACTERIA)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Acidovorax citrulli (Schaad et al. 1978) I Cucurbita maxima (waluh, biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Schaad et al. 2009; labu parang, pumpkin), seed), daun Tengah, Jawa Timur,
(Syn. Acidovorax avenae subsp. Cucurbita moschata (leaves), buah DIY)
citrulli (Schaad et al. 1978) Willems et (pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo (fruits), America: Brazil Canada,
al. 1992, Pseudomonas avenae subsp. (labu kuning, zukini, batang Costa Rica, Nicaragua,
citrulli (Schaad et al. 1978) Hu et al. zucchini), Cucumis melo (stems), bibit Trinidad and Tobago,
1991, Pseudomonas (melon), Cucumis sativus (seedlings) USA
pseudoalcaligenes subsp. citrulli (mentimun, cucumber), Asia: China, Iran, Israel,
Schaad et al. 1978); Citrullus vulgaris (semangka, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan,
busuk buah, bacterial fruit blotch, watermelon), Piper betle (sirih, Thailand, Turkey
fruit rot betel) Europe: Greece,
Hungary, Italy
Oceania: Australia,
Guam, Northern Mariana
Island
2. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. I Capsicum annuum (paprika, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (DIY),
michiganensis (Smith 1910) Davis et cabai, bell-pepper, red batang Kalimantan (Kalimantan
al. 1984; pepper), Capsicum frutescens (stems), Timur, Kalimantan
(Syn. Aplanobacter michiganensis (cabai rawit, hot pepper, bunga Utara), Sumatera
(Smith) Smith 1914), Bacterium chilies), Solanum lycopersicum (inflorescence (Sumatera Barat,
michiganense Smith 1910, (tomat, tomato), Solanum s), Sumatera Selatan)
- 845 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Corynebacterium michiganense melongena (terung, eggplant, buah(fruits), Africa: Egypt, Kenya,
(Smith 1910) Jensen 1934, aubergine), Solanum biji (true Madagascar, Morocco,
Corynebacterium michiganense pv. mammosum, Solanum seed), daun South Africa, Tanzania,
michiganense (Smith) Dye and Kemp Dauglasii (greenspot (leaves), Togo, Tunisia, Uganda,
1977, Corynebacterium michiganense nightshade), Solanum Nigrum media tanam Zambia, Zimbabwe
subsp. michiganense (Smith) Carlson (lenca, ranti, black (growing America: Argentina,
and Vivader 1982, Erwinia nightshade), Solanum Triforum media) Belize, Brazil, Canada,
michiganensis (Smith) Jensen 1934, (cutleaf nightshade) Chile, Colombia, Costa
Mycobacterium michiganense (Smith) Rica, Cuba, Dominica,
Krasil’nikov 1941, Phytomonas Dominican Republic,
michiganensis (Smith) Bergey et al. Ecuador, Grenada,
1923, Pseudomonas michiganense Guadeloupe, Mexico,
(Smith) Stevens 1913, Pseudomonas Panama, Peru, USA,
michiganensis (Smith) Stevens); Uruguay
bacterial canker of tomato, bird’s eye Asia: China, Georgia,
spot, vascular tomato wilt, bacterial India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
wilt Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Lebanon, Republic of
Syria, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
- 846 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
and Herzegovina,
Bulgaria, Croatia,
Estonia, France,
Germany, Greece,
Lithuania, Moldova,
North Macedonia, Poland,
Slovenia, Spain,
Switzerlands, Ukraine
Guam, New Caledonia,
New Zealand, Tonga
3. Dickeya zeae Samson et al. 2005; I Allium spp. (bawang- benih (true Indonesia: Kalimantan
(Syn. Bacterium carotovorum f.sp. bawangan), Ananas comosus seed), bahan (Kalimantan Barat),
zeae Sabet 1954, Erwinia carotovora (nanas, pineapple), Brachiaria perbanyakan Sulawesi (Sulawesi
f.sp. zeae Sabet 1954, Erwinia sp, Chrysanthemum sp. vegetatif Barat), Sumatera
chrysanthemi corn pathotype Dye (krisan, chrysanthemum), (vegetative (Lampung)
1969, Erwinia chrysanthemy biovar. Musa sp. (pisang, banana), propagation Africa: Comoros, Egypt,
8, Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae Nicotiana tabacum (tembakau, material), Mauritius, Réunion,
(Sabet 1954) Victoria et al.1975, tobacco), Oryza sativa (padi, umbi (bulbs, South Africa, Sudan,
- 847 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Erwinia maydis Kelman et al. 1957, paddy, rice), Phalaenopsis sp. corms, Zimbabwe
Pectobacterium carotovorum f.sp zeae (anggrek bulan, moth orchid), tubers), America: Brazil,
(Sabet) Dowson 1957, Pectobacterium Solanum tuberosum (kentang, batang Colombia, Costa Rica,
carotovorum var. graminarum Dowson potato), Zea mays (jagung, (stems), daun Cuba, Guyana,
and Hayward 1960, Pectobacterium corn, maize) (leaves), Honduras, Jamaica,
chrysanthemi pv. zeae Kelman 1974); media tanam Mexico, Panama, Puerto
bacterial stalk rot of maize, bacterial (growing Rico, USA
wilt and soft rot of pineapple, stalk media), tanah Asia: China, DPR Korea
rot of maize (soils) (North Korea), India, Iran,
Japan, Malaysia,
Philippines, Republic of
Taiwan
Europe: France,
Russian Federation,
Spain, Switzerland,
United Kingdom
Islands, New Zealand
4. Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Davis et al. I Brachiaria spp., Chloris akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, NTT
1984) Evtushenko et al.2000); gayana, Cynodon dactylon batang (Sumba)
(Syn. Clavibacter xyli Davis et al. (rumput bermuda, bermuda (stems), bibit Africa: Burkina Faso,
- 848 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1984), Clavibacter xyli subsp. xyli grass), Echinochloa colonum, (seedlings), Cameroon, Comoros,
Davis et al. 1984); Imperata cylindrica (alang- bunga Egypt, Ethiopia, Djibouti,
ratoon stunting of sugarcane, alang, cogon grass), Panicum (inflorescence DR Congo, Ivory Coast,
sugarcane ratoon stunting disease maximum (rumput Benggala, s), mata Kenya, Madagascar,
Guinea grass), Pennisetum tunas (buds), Malawi, Mali, Mauritius,
purpureum (rumput gajah, stek Mozambique, Nigeria,
elephant grass), (cuttings) Réunion, Seychelles,
Rhynchelytrum repens, Somalia, South Africa,
Saccharum, Saccharum Sudan, Swaziland,
officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Tanzania, Uganda,
Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Zimbabwe
sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, America: Antigua and
corn, maize) Barbuda, Argentina,
Barbados, Belize, Bolivia,
Brazil, Colombia, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, El
Salvador, French Guiana,
Guadeloupe, Guyana,
Hawaii, Jamaica, Mexico,
Nicaragua, Panama,
Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad
and Tobago, Uruguay,
USA, Venezuela
- 849 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Myanmar, Pakistan,
Taiwan, Thailand
Europe: Spain
5. Pantoea ananatis (Serrano, 1928), I Allium cepa (bawang bombay, tunas (buds, Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Mergaert, 1993; onion), Allium fistulosum shoots), buah Tengah), Sulawesi
(Syn. Bacillus ananas Serrano 1928, (bawang daun, welsh onion), (fruits), biji (Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi
Bacterium ananas (Serrano) Burgvits Ananas comosus (nanas, (true seed), Selatan), Sumatera
1935, Chromobacterium ananas pineapple), Arachis hypogaea batang (Barat)
(Serrano) Krasil’nikov 1949, Erwinia (kacang tanah, peanut), (stems), umbi Africa: Benin, Morocco,
ananatis pv. uredovora (Pon et al. Cucumis melo (melon, (bulb, corm, Nigeria, South Africa,
1954) Dye 1978, Erwinia ananatis muskmelon), Eucalyptus tuber), daun Togo, Zimbabwe
Corrig. Serrano 1928, Erwinia grandis (ekaliptus, saligna (leaves), America: Argentina,
herbicola var. ananas (Serrano) Dye gum), Eucalyptus nitens tanaman Brazil, Guatemala,
1969, Erwinia urediniolytica Borders (shining gum), Gossypium hasil Guyana, Haiti, Mexico,
1938, Erwinia uredovora Pon et al. hirsutum (kapas, cotton), mikropropag Puerto Rico, USA,
1954, Pantoea ananas pv. ananas Oryza sativa (padi, paddy, asi (planlet) Venezuela
(Serrano 1928) Mergaert et al. 1993, rice), Prunus persica (persik, (micropropag Asia: Cambodia, China,
Pantoea ananas pv. uredovora (Pon et peach), Saccharum officinarum ated plants), India, Japan, Malaysia,
al. 1954) comb.nov., Pantoea (tebu, sugarcane), Solanum Philippines, Republic of
ananatis pv. ananatis (Serrano, 1928) lycopersicum (tomat, tomato), Korea (South Korea),
- 850 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Mergaert et al. 1993, Pantoea Sorghum bicolor (sorgum, Taiwan
ananatis pv. uredovora (Pon et al., sorghum), Zea mays (jagung, Europe: Italy, Poland,
1954) Mergaert et al. 1993, corn, maize) Russia
Pectobacterium ananas (Serrano) Oceania: Australia
Patel and Kulkarni 1951,
Pectobacterium ananatis pv. ananatis,
Xanthomonas uredovora);
andandandand
fruitlet rot of pineapple, brown rot of
pineapple, marbling disease (of
pineapple fruit), pink disease of
pineapple
6. Pantoea stewartii (Smith 1898) I Agrostis alba, Agrostis akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Nusa
Mergaert et al. 1993; gigantea (black bent), batang Tenggara Barat (Lombok),
(Syn. Aplanobacter stewartii (Smith) Artocarpus heterophyllus (stems), biji Sulawesi, Sumatera
McCulloch 1918, Bacillus stewartii (nangka, jack fruit), Avena (true seed), Africa: Benin, Togo
(Smith) Holland 1920, Bacterium sativa (haver, oat), Coix bunga America: Argentina,
stewartii (Smith 1898) Smith 1905, lacryma-jobi, Echinochloa (inflorescence Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Erwinia stewartii (Smith 1898) Dye americana, Cucumis sativus s), daun Costa Rica, Guyana,
1963, Pantoea stewartii subsp. (mentimun, cucumber), (leaves) Mexico, Paraguay,
stewartii (Smith 1898) Mergaert et al. Dracaena sanderiana, Vektor: Puerto Rico, Peru,
1993, Phytomonas stewartii (Smith) Panicum spp., Poaceae Chaetocnema Trinidad and Tobago,
Bergey et al. 1923, Pseudobacterium (Gramineae), Saccharum pulicaria, USA Asia: China, India,
stewartii (Smith) Krasilnikov 1949, officinarum (tebu, sugarcane), Agrotis Malaysia, Republic of
- 851 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Pseudomonas stewartii Smith 1898, Setaria pumila, Sorghum manchus, Korea (South Korea),
Xanthomonas stewartii (Smith) bicolor (sorgum, sorghum), Chaetocnema Thailand,
Dowson 1939); Trapsacum spp., Triticum denticulata, Europe: Italy, Slovenia,
bacterial blight of maize, bacterial aestivum (gandum, wheat), Diabrotica Ukraine
wilt of maize, maize bacteriosis, Vigna radiata (kacang hijau, nigricornis, D.
Stewart's wilt mungbean), Zea mays undecimpucta
(jagung, corn, maize), Zea ta, D.
mays subsp. mays versifera,
(sweetcorn), Zea mays subsp. Hylemya
parviglumis, Zea mexicana cilicrura
(teosinte), Zea perennis
7. Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle 1925) I Abelmoschus esculentus (okra, batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
Stapp. 1928; achra), Agaricus, Allium (stems), bibit Barat)
(Syn. Bacterium cichorii (Swinge) sativum (bawang putih, (seedlings), Africa: Burundi, South
Elliott 1930, Bacterium endiviae Kotte garlic), Arracacia xanthorrhiza biji (seeds), Africa, Tanzania
1930, Bacterium formosanum Okabe (arracacha), Apium graveolens daun (leaves), America: Argentina,
1935, Chlorobacter cichorii Swingle (seledri, celery), Barleria bunga Barbados, Brazil,
1925, Phytomonas endiviae Kotte) cristata (philippine violet), (inflorescence Canada, Chile, Cuba,
Clara 1934, Pseudomonas endiviae Brassica napus var. napus s), organ Hawaii, Puerto Rico, USA
Kotte 1930, Pseudomonas (rape), Brassica oleracea var. vegetatif Asia: China, India, Iran,
formosanum (Okabe) Krasil’nikov botrytis (bunga kol, (vegetative Japan, Republic of Korea
1949, Pseudomonas papaveris cauliflower), Brassica oleracea material), (South Korea), Taiwan,
(Takimoto) Okabe and Goto 1955); var. capitata (kubis, cabbage), tunas (buds, Turkey
bacterial leaf blight, bacterial blight Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera shoots) Europe: France,
- 852 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
of endive, bacterial leaf spot, midrib (turnip rape), Brassica rapa Germany, Greece, Italy,
rot, leaf spot and blighting subsp. chinensis (Chinese North Macedonia,
cabbage), Brassica rapa Portugal, Russian
subsp. pekinensis (Pe-tsai), Federation, Spain,
Calendula officinalis (Pot Ukraine, United Kingdom
marigold), Camellia, Capsicum Oceania: Australia, New
(peppers), Capsicum annuum Caledonia, New Zealand
(paprika, cabai, bell pepper),
(kesumba, safflower),
Centaurea cyanus
(cornflower), Citrullus lanatus
Coffea arabica (arabica coffee),
Cyclamen, Chrysanthemum
(daisy), Chrysanthemum
coronarium (garland
chrysanthemum),
Chrysanthemum morifolium
(chrysanthemum (florists)),
Chrysanthemum vestitum,
Cichorium endivia (endives),
Cichorium endivia subsp.
endivia (endives), Cichorium
- 853 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
endivia var. crispum (Winter
endive), Cichorium intybus
(chicory), Dahlia sp., Daucus
carota (wortel, carrot), Ficus
lyrata (fiddle-leaf fig), Gerbera
(Barbeton daisy), Gerbera
jamesonii (African daisy),
soyabean), Hibiscus rosa-
sinensis (China-rose), Hedera
helix (ivy), Helianthus (bunga
Hydrangea (hydrangeas),
lettuce), Magnolia grandiflora
(Southern magnolia), Malus
Mentha arvensis (corn mint),
Monstera deliciosa (ceriman),
Musa sp. (banana), Nicotiana
Ocimum basilicum (kemangi,
basil), Panax ginseng (Asiatic
ginseng), Papaver nudicaule
- 854 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Iceland poppy), Papaver
orientale (Oriental poppy),
Pernettya mucronata (prickly
heath), Phaseolus vulgaris
Potentilla (Cinquefoil), Primula
polyantha, Prunus persica
(persik, peach), Pyracantha
(Firethorn), Pyrus communis
(pir, pear), Pelargonium
(pelargoniums), Ranunculus
acris (meadow buttercup),
Rhododendron catawbiense,
Scindapsus, Solanum
melongena (terung, eggplant,
aubergine), Solanum
Spathiphyllum, Triticum
Vigna angularis (adzuki bean),
Viburnum, Xanthosoma
brasiliens
8. Pseudomonas syringae pv. I Benincasa hispida (bligo, wax batang Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
lachrymans (Smith and Bryan) Young gourd), Cucumis sativus (stems), biji Barat, Jawa Tengah,
- 855 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Dye and Wilkie et al. 1978; (mentimun, cucumber), (true seed), Banten), Sumatera
(Syn. Bacillus lachrymans (Smith and Citrullus lanatus (semangka, bibit (Sumatera Selatan)
Bryan) Holland 1920, Bacterium watermelon), Cucumis (seedlings), Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
burgeri (Potebnya) Burgvits 1935, anguria, Cucumis melo (melon, buah (fruits), Gabon, Kenya, South
Bacterium lachrimans Smith and muskmelon), Cucumis sativus daun (leaves), Africa, Zimbabwe
Bryan 1915, Chlorobacter lachrymans (mentimun, cucumber), kulit (bark), America: Argentina,
(Smith and Bryan) Patel and Kulkarni Cucurbita moschata planlet Brazil, Canada,
1951, Phytomonas lachrymans (Smith (pumpkin), Cucurbita pepo Colombia, Guadeloupe,
and Bryan) Bergey et al. 1923, (labu kuning, zukini, Martinique, Mexico,
Pseudomonas burger (Potebnya) zucchini), Cucurbitaceae, Luffa Nicaragua, Puerto Rico,
Korobko and Nikiforuk 1972, acutangula (gambas, angled USA, Venezuela
Pseudomonas lachrymans (Smith and luffa), Sechium edule, Solanum Asia: China, DPR Korea
Bryan) carsner 1918, Pseudomonas melongena (terung, eggplant, (North Korea), India, Iran,
lachrymans f.sp.cucumis Gorlenco aubergine) Iraq, Israel, Japan,
1961); Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lao
angular leaf spot of cucumber, PDR (Laos) Philippines,
bacterial spot of cucurbit, curcubit Republic of Korea (South
angular leaf spot Korea), Tajikistan,
Thailand, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Austria, Belarus,
Republic, Denmark,
- 856 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
France, Germany,
Netherlands, North
Macedonia, Poland,
Romania, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia,
Switzerland, Ukraine, UK
Zealand
9. Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori I Cannabis sativa (hemp), Morus batang Indonesia: Jawa
(Boyer and Lambert 1893) Young et sp., Morus bombycis (Japanese (stems), biji Africa: South Africa,
al. 1978; mulberry), Morus nigra (black (true seed), Tanzania, Uganda,
(Syn. Bacillus mori (Boyer and mulberry), Morus rubra (red daun (leaves) Zimbabwe
Lambert) Holland 1920, Bacterium mulberry tree), Morus alba America: Brazil, Canada,
mori Boyer and Lambert 1893, (murbei, mulberry), Morus Caribbean, USA
Chlorobacter mori (Boyer and (mulberry tree), Phaseolus Asia: China, DPR Korea
Lambert) Patel and Kulkarni 1951, lunatus (lima bean) (North Korea), Georgia,
Phytomonas mori (Boyer and Lambert) India, Iran, Japan,
Stevens 1913, Pseudomonas mori pv. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
huszi Klement, Lovrekovich and Pakistan, Republic of
Hevesi 1960); Korea (South Korea),
bacterial blight, mulberry blight Tajikistan,
- 857 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
bacterial, mulberry leaf spot Turkmenistan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Europe: Armenia,
Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
Estonia, France,
Latvia, Lithuania,
Moldova, Russia,
Romania, Slovakia,
United Kingdom, Ukraine
Zealand
10. Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder I Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi, akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
1930) Dowson 1939; kiwifruit), Allium cepa (bawang batang Timur)
(Syn. Bacterium viridiflavum bombay, onion), Anethum (stems), bibit Africa: Algeria, Egypt,
(burkholder) Burgvits 1935, graveolens (dill), Apium (seedlings), Kenya, Morocco,
Chlorobacter viridiflavus (Burkholder) graveolens (seledri, celery), biji (true Tanzania, Uganda
Patel and Kulkarni 1951, Phytomonas Apium graveolens var. dulce seed), daun America: Argentina,
viridiflava Burkholder 1930; (seledri, celery), Brassica spp., (leaves), buah Brazil, Uruguay, USA,
bacterial blight of tomato; Hydrangea Capsicum annuum (paprika, (fruits), Venezuela
bud blight; bacterial necrosis of basil; cabai, bell pepper), Cucumis bunga Asia: China, Iran, Japan,
bacterial rot of lettuce; bacterial rot of melo (melon, muskmelon), (inflorecence), Jordan, Nepal, Republic
Chinese cabbage; bacterial soft rot of Cucumis sativus (mentimun, media tanam of Korea (South Korea),
- 858 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
tomato; bacterial blossom blight of cucumber), Citrullus lanatus (growing Saudi Arabia, Turkey
kiwi (semangka, watermelon) media), Europe: Belgium,
Cucurbita maxima (waluh, tanaman Bulgaria, Bosnia and
labu parang, pumpkin), hasil Herzegovina, Croatia,
Hydrangea (hydrangeas), mikropropag Czech Republic, France,
Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, asi Germany, Greece,
tomato), Actinidia chinensis (micropropag Hungary, Italy,
(Chinese gooseberry), Allium ated plants) Montenegro, Netherlands,
fistulosum (bawang daun, North Macedonia, Poland,
welsh onion), Brassica Portugal, Russian
oleracea var. botrytis (bunga Federation, Serbia,
kol, cauliflower), Brassica Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
oleracea var. capitata (kubis, Switzerland, United
cabbage), Brassica oleracea Kingdom
var. gemmifera (Brussels Oceania: Australia, New
sprouts), Calendula officinalis Zealand
(Pot marigold), Capsicum
frutescens (cabai rawit, chilli),
(kesumba, safflower),
Chrysanthemum indicum
(krisan, chrysant), Cichorium
endivia (endives), Citrus
aurantium (jeruk, sour
- 859 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
orange), Citrus macrophylla
(alemow), Citrus sinensis
(jeruk manis, navel orange),
Cyclamen persicum
(cyclamens), Cynara
cardunculus (artichoke),
Eschscholzia californica
(california poppy), Euphorbia
pulcherrima (poinsettia),
Eutrema wasabi (wasabi),
Forsythia suspensa, Glycine
Lablab purpureus (hyacinth
bean), Lotus corniculatus
(bird's-foot trefoil), Lupinus
angustifolius (lupin), Malus
domestica (aple, apel),
lucerne), Nicotiana rustica
(wild tobacco), Papaver
(poppies), Papaver nudicaule
(Iceland poppy), Passiflora
edulis (markisa, passionfruit),
Pastinaca sativa (parsnip),
- 860 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Petroselinum crispum
(peterseli, parsley), Petunia
hybrida, Phaseolus coccineus
(runner bean), Phaseolus
bean), Pisum sativum (kapri,
sweet pea), Prunus armeniaca
avium (sweet cherry),
Pseudopanax, Pyruscommunis
(European pear), Rosa
(mawar, roses), Sorghum
Sorghum sudanense (Sudan
grass), Tanacetum coccineum
(common pyrethrum),
clover), Tropaeolum majus
(common nasturtium),
(blueberry), Vicia faba (broad
bean), Vigna angularis (adzuki
bean), Vigna unguiculata
- 861 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(kacang panjang, cowpea),
Viola (violet), Vitis vinifera
(jagung, maize, corn), Zinnia
elegans (zinnia)
11. Ralstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii; I Eugenia spp., Syzygium akar (roots), Indonesia: Bali, Jawa,
(Syn.Ralstonia syzygii, Pseudomonas aromaticum (cengkeh, clove), batang Kalimantan (Kalimantan
syzygii); Syzygium spp. (stems), bibit Selatan), Maluku,
Sumatera disease of clove, bacterial (seedlings), Sulawesi, Sumatera
wilt of potato daun (leaves) (Lampung)
Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Machaerotida
e: Hindola
spp.
12. Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Gabriel I Aegle marmelos (maja, golden Buah (fruits), Indonesia: Jawa, Papua
et al. 1989) Schaad et al. 2007; apple), Ageratum conyzoides daun (leaves, Afrika: Benin, Burkina
(Syn. Bacillus citri (Hasse) Holland (babandotan, billy goat weed), ranting Faso, Comoros DR
1920, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Casimiroa edulis (white (twigs), tanah Congo, Ivory Coast,
aurantifolii Vauterin et al. 1995, sapote), Citrus spp, (soil) Ethiopia, Gabon,
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (ex. Eremocitrus glauca (Australian Madagascar, Mali,
Hasse 1915) Vauterin et al. 1995, desert lime), Fortunella Mauritius, Mayotte,
Xanthomonas campestris pv. japonica (round kumquat), Mozambique, Reunion,
- 862 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
aurantifolii Gabriel et al., 1989, Fortunella margarita (oval Senegal, Seychelles,
Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri kumquat), Limonia acidissima Somalia, Sudan,
(Hasse 1915) Dye 1978, (elephant apple), Mangifera Tanzania
Xanthomonas citri f.sp. aurantifoliae indica (manga, mango), America: Argentina,
Namekata & Oliveira 1972), Poncirus trifoliate (trifoliate Bolivia, Brazil, USA,
Xanthomonas fuscans ssp. aurantifolii orange) Paraguay, Uruguay
Schaad et al. 2005, Xanthomonas Asia: Afghanistan,
smithii subsp. citri citri (Gabriel et al. Bangladesh, Cambodia,
1989) Schaad et al. 2007; China, Cocos Island,
Citrus canker Hongkong, India, Iran,
Iraq, Japan, Lao PDR,
Malaysia, Maldives,
Myanmar, Nepal, DPR
Korea (North Korea),
Oman, Pakistan,
Philippines, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore,
Korea), Sri Lanka,
Taiwan, Thailand, United
Arab Emirates, Vietnam,
Yemen
Guam, Marshall Islands,
- 863 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Palau, Papua New
Guinea, Solomon Islands,
Timor Leste
8. VIRUS (VIRUSES)

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
1. Banana streak badnavirus (BSV); I Heliconia sp. (pisang hias), bibit Indonesia: Jawa Barat,
(Syn. Banana streak disease, Banana Musa spp. (pisang) (seedlings, Sumatera (Lampung)
streak virus, Banana streak GF Virus, micropropagat Africa: Benin, Canary
Banana streak mysorevirus, Banana ed plants), Islands, Cameroon, Cape
streak OL virus) bonggol Verde, Egypt, Ghana,
(setts), biji Guinea, Ivory Coast,
(true seeds, Kenya, Madagascar,
grains), daun Malawi, Mauritius,
(leaves) Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda,
- 864 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Vector South Africa, Tanzania,
Pseudococcida Uganda
e (planococcus America: Brazil, Colombia,
citri) Costa Rica, Cuba,
Ecuador, Grenada,
Guadeloupe, Haiti,
Honduras, Jamaica,
Nicaragua, Puerto Rico,
Saint Lucia, Trinidad and
Tobago, USA, Virgin
Islands, Venezuela
Asia: China, India,
Jordan, Malaysia,
Taiwan, Thailand
Europe: Portugal, Spain
Caledonia, Papua New
Guinea, Samoa, Tonga
2. Carnation mottle alphacarmovirus I Begonia spp., Daphne odora akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(CarMV); (fragrant daphne), Dianthus batang (stems Barat)
(Syn. Carnation mottle virus, Carnation barbatus (sweets williams), (above Africa: Egypt
mottle carmovirus) Dianthus caryophyllus grounds), America: Argentina,
(carnation), Dianthus superbus trunks, Brazil, Canada, Chile.
- 865 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(fringed print), Saponaria branches), Colombia, Cuba, Georgia,
officinalis (soapwort), bibit Mexico, USA, Venezuela
Phalaenopsis sp., Vaccaria (seedlings, Asia: China, India, Iran,
hispanica, Zanthedeschia spp. micropropagat Israel, Japan, Lebanon,
(calla lily) ed plants), Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan,
bunga Republic of Korea, Taiwan,
(flowers, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
inflorescences) Turkey, Uzbekistan
, daun Europe: Armenia,
(leaves), Azerbaijan, Belarus,
suluran Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech
(stolon), tunas Republic, Denmark,
(shoots, buds) Estonia, France,
Germany, Latvia,
Vektor: Lithuania, Moldova,
Aphis gossypii Hungary, Italy, Ukraine,
Russia, Slovakia
Zealand
3. Citrus exocortis pospiviroid (CEVd); I Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(Syn. Citrus exocortis viroid, citrus (turnip rape), Citroncirus batang (stems Timur)
exocortis) webberi (citrange), Citrus limon (above Africa: Algeria, Cameron,
(lemon), Citrus limonia (jeruk ground), Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana,
limau, mandarin lime), Citrus trunks, Ivory coast, Libya,
- 866 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
reticulata x Poncirus trifoliata branches), Madagascar, Mauritus,
(citrumelo), Poncirus trifoliate bibit Morocco, Mozambique,
(trifoliate orange), (seedlings, Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
Chrysanthemum vestitum, micropropagat Somalia, South Africa,
Citrus, Daucus carota (wortel, ed plants), biji Sudan, Tunisia,
carrot), Gynura aurantiaca (true seeds, America: Canada, Cuba,
(java velvet plant), Gynura grains), bunga Guadeloupe, Jamaica,
procumbens, Impatien (flowers, Martinique, Mexico,
walleriana, Petunia hybrida, inflorescences) Trinidad and Tobago, USA
Poncirus trifoliate (Trifoliate , buah (fruits), Asia: China, India, Iran,
orange), Solanum jasminoides, daun (leaves), Iraq, Israel, Japan,
Solanum lycopersicum (tomat, tanaman Jordan, Lebanon,
tomato), Solanum melongena (whole plants), Malaysia, Oman,
(terung, aubergine, eggplant), tunas (shoots, Pakistan, Philippines,
Solanum tuberosum (kentang, buds) Republic of Korea (South
potato), Tagetes patula (French Korea), Saudi Arabia,
marigold), Verbana, Vicia faba Syria, Taiwan, Thailand,
(kacang babi, broad bean), Vitis Turkey, United Arab
vinifera (anggur, grapevine) Emirates, Vietnam, Yemen
Europe: Austria, Belgium,
Croatia, Cyprus, France,
Montenegro, North
- 867 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Macedonia, Netherlands,
Portugal, Russian
Federation, Serbia,
Slovenia, Portugal,
Russia, Spain
Islands, Fiji, French
Polynesia, New Zealand,
Papua New Guinea,
Semoa
4. Cacao swollen shoot badnavirus I Adansonia digitata (baobab), batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(CSSV); Ceiba pentandra (kapuk randu, (above Tengah, DIY, Jawa Timur)
(Syn. Cacao swollen shoot virus, kapok), Cola chlamydantha, ground), Africa: Ghana, Ivory
Cacao vein clearing virus, Cacao virus Cola gigantea, Theobroma trunks, Coast, Nigeria, Northwest
I, Cocoa swollen shoot badnavirus, cacao (kakao, cocoa) branches), biji Africa, Sierra Leone, Togo
Theobroma virus I) (true seeds, Asia: Sri Lanka
grains), buah
(fruit), daun
(leaves), mata
tunas (shoots,
buds), polong
(pods)
Vektor:
- 868 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Hemiptera,
Pseudococcida
e: Delococcus
tafoensis,
Ferrisia
virgata,
Paraputo
anomalus,
Phenacoccus
hargreavesi,
Planococcoides
njalensis,
Planococcus
citri,
Pseudococcus
concavocerrari
,
Pseudococcus
longis
5. Cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus I Cymbidium, tanaman Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(CymRSV); Trifolium repens (semanggi (whole plants) Barat),
(Syn. Cymbidium ringspot virus) putih, white clover), Vigna Europe: United Kingdom
unguiculata (kacang tunggak,
cowpea)
- 869 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
6. Fiji disease fijivirus (FDV) I Saccharum officinarum (tebu, bibit Indonesia: Papua,
(Syn. Sugarcane Fiji disease fijivirus, sugarcane) (seedlings, Sulawesi
Sugarcae Fiji disease virus, Saccharum micropropagat Africa: Madagascar
virus 2, Galla fijinensis) ed plants), Asia: Malaysia,
tanaman Philippines, Thailand
(whole plants) Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
Vektor: Leaf New Guinea, Samoa,
hopper Solomon Islands, Tonga,
Vanuatu
7. Onion yellow dwarf potyvirus (OYDV); I Allium spp. akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa, Bali,
(Syn. Allium virus 1, Garlic mosaic bibit Nusa Tenggara Barat
virus, Garlic yellow streak virus, (seedlings, (Lombok, Sumbawa),
Marmor cepae, Onion yellow dwarf micropropagat Sulawesi (Sulawesi
virus) ed plants), Selatan)
buah (fruits), Africa: Egypt, Morocco,
bunga Nigeria, South Africa
(flowers, America: Argentina,
inflorescences) Brazil, Canada, Chile,
, daun Cuba, USA, Uruguay
(leaves), umbi Asia: China, India, Iran,
(bulbs, corms, Iraq, Israel, Japan,
tubers) Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey,
Tunisia, Vietnam
- 870 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Vector:Myzus Europe: Austria, Bosnia
persicae dan and Herzegovina, Croatia,
aphid lainnya Czech Republic, Denmark,
Ecuador, Estonia,
Finland, France,
Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Lithuania,
Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Moldova,
Poland, Romania, Serbia,
Slovenia, Slovakia,
Switzerland, United
Kingdom, Ukraine
Islands, New Zealand,
Papua New Guinea
8. Papaya ringspot potyvirus (PRSV) P; I Carica papaya (pepaya, bibit Indonesia: Sumatera
(Syn. Distorsion ring spot of papaya, papaya), Cucurbitaceae (seedlings, (NAD, Sumatera Utara,
Mosaic of papaya, Papaya distortion micropropagat Riau, Sumatera Selatan),
mosaic virus, Papaya leaf distortion ed plants), Jawa (DIY), Bali, Nusa
virus, Papaw distortion ringspot virus, buah (fruits), Tenggara Barat
Papaw mosaic virus, Ringspot of bunga Africa: Egypt, Ivory Coast,
papaya,) (flowers, Mauritius, Nigeria,
inflorescences) Tanzania, Tunisia,
- 871 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
, daun Uganda
(leaves), America: Bahama, Brazil,
tanaman Colombia, Costa Rica,
(whole plants)Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador,
El Salvador, Guadeloupe,
Vektor:Hemipt Honduras, Jamaica,
era, Mexico, Puerto Rico,
Aphididae: Trinidad and Tobago,
Myzus USA, Venezuela
persicae, Asia: Bangladesh, China,
Aphis India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
coreopsidis, Lebanon, Malaysia, Nepal,
Aphis Pakistan, Philippines,
craccivora, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
Aphis fabae, Syria, Thailand, Taiwan,
Aphis Vietnam, Yemen
gossypii, Europe: France, Germany,
Toxoptera Italy
citricida Oceania: Australia, Cook
Island, Solomon Island,
Tonga
9. Shallot yellow stripe potyvirus (SYSV) I Allium ascalonicum (bawang bibit Indonesia: Jawa, Bali,
(Syn. Shallot yellow stripe virus) merah, shallot), Allium cepa (seedlings, Nusa Tenggara Barat
var. ascalonicum (bawang micropropagat (Lombok, Sumbawa),
- 872 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
merah, shallot), Allium cepa ed plants), Sulawesi (Selatan)
(bawang bombai, onion), Allium umbi (bulbs, Asia: China, Thailand
cepa var. cepa, Allium sativum corms, tubers)
(bawang putih, garlic), Lilium
formosanum (tiger lily) Vektor:
Hemiptera,
Aphididae:
Acyrthosiphon
pisum, Myzus
cymbalariae
10. Squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV); I Cucurbitaceae (cucurbits), biji (true Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(Syn. Cucurbit ring mosaic virus, Citrullus lanatus (semangka, seeds, grains),
Barat)
Muskmelon mosaic como virus, watermelon), Cucumis melo tanaman Africa: Egypt, Morocco,
Muskmelon necrotic mosaic virus, (melon), Cucumis sativus (whole plants)
Tunisia
Squash mosaic comovirus, Pumpkin (mentimun, cucumber), America: Argentina,
mosaic virus, Watermelon stunt virus) Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin), Vektor: Brazil, Canada, Chile,
Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu Coleoptera, Honduras, Jamaica,
parang, pumpkin), Cucurbita Chrysomelida Mexico, Montserrat,
pepo (labu kuning, zukini, e: Acalymma Puerto Rico, USA,
zucchini), Luffa acutangula trivittata, Venezuela
(oyong), Sechium edule (labu Acalymma Asia: Bangladesh, China,
siam, chayotes) thiemei, India, Iran, Israel, Japan,
Diabrotica Jordan, Kazakhstan,
undecimpunct Lebanon, Philippines,
- 873 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
ata, Diabrotica Syria, Turkey Yemen
bivittula; Europe: Bulgaria, Czech
Coleoptera, Republic, Greece, Italy,
Coccinellidae: Netherlands
Epilachna Oceania: Australia, New
chrysomelina; Zealand, Samoa
Epilachna
paenulata
11. Sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus I Amaranthus retroflexus akar (roots), Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(SPFMV); (redroot pigweed), Atriplex batang (stems Tengah, Jawa Barat),
Syn. Sweet potato chlorotic leafspot hastata, Brassica oleracea var. (above Papua.
virus, Sweet potato internal cork virus, capitata (kubis, cabbage), ground), Africa: Cameroon, Congo
Sweet potato russet crack virus, Sweet Calendula officinalis (pot trunks, Democratic Republic,
potato feathery mottle virus, Sweet marigold), Capsicum annuum branches), Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya,
potato virus A, Sweet potato vein (cabai, paprika, bell pepper), bunga Madagascar, Niger,
clearing virus, Sweet potato leaf spot Chenopodium (goosefoot), (flowers, Nigeria, Rwanda, South
virus, Sweet potato ringspot virus) Chenopodium polyspermum inflorescences) Africa, Tanzania, Togo,
(manyseeded goosefoot), , bibit Uganda, Zambia,
Convolvuls arvensis (bindweed), (seedlings, Zimbabwe
Cucurbita maxima (waluh, labu micropropagat America: Argentina,
parang, pumpkin), Hewittia ed Brazil, Canada, Chile,
sublobata, Ipomoea spp., plants),daun Costa Rica, Peru, Puerto
Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, (leaves), tunas Rico, United States of
sweet potato), Lepistemon (shoots, buds) America, Venezuela
- 874 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
owarlensis, Mentha arvenss Asia: China, India, Japan,
(corn mint), Phaseolus lunatus Republic of Korea, Syria,
(lima bean), Sinapsis arvensisVektor: Taiwan, Vietnam
(wild mustard), Spinacia Myzus Europe: Italy, Spain
oleracea (bayam, spinach), persicae, Oceania: Australia, Fiji,
Taraxacum officinale complex Aphis French Polynesia, New
(dandelion) gossypii,Aphis Zealand, Solomon Islands,
craccipora, Tonga
Lipaphis
erysimi
12. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV); I Alstroemeria, Ananas comosus batang (stems Indonesia: Jawa (Jawa
(Syn. Dahlia oakleaf virus, Dahlia (nanas, pineapple), Anemone (above Barat), Kalimantan
ringspot virus, Dahlia yellow ringspot coronaria (crown anemone), ground), (Kalimantan Barat)
virus, Mung bean leaf curl virus, Apium graveolens (seledri, trunks, Africa: Algeria, Burkina
Pineapple yellow spot virus, Tomato celery), Arachys hypogaea branches), Faso, Canary Island, DR
spotted wilt virus) (kacang tanah, peanut), Aster tanaman, Congo DR, Egypt, Ivory
spp., Begonia spp., Benincasa umbi (bulbs, Coast, Kenya, Libya,
hispida (white gourd), Bidens corms, tubers) Madagascar, Mauritius,
pilosa (ajeran, blackjack), Niger, Nigeria, Réunion,
Brugmansia sauveolens, Vektor: Senegal, South Africa,
Calceolaria, Calendula Thysanoptera, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia,
officinalis (pot marigold), Thripidae: Uganda, Zimbabwe
Callistephus chinensis (China Frankliniella America: Argentina,
aster), Campanula, Canavalia bispinosa, F. Brazil, Bolivia, Canada,
- 875 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
gladiata (kacang parang, sword Intonsa, Chile, Colombia, Costa
bean), Capsicum annuum F.fusca, Rica, Dominican Republic,
(cabai, paprika, bell pepper), F.occidenttalis, Ecuador, Guyana, Haiti,
Carica papaya (pepaya, F. Schultzei, F. Jamaica, Mexico,
papaya), Catharanthus roseus Tenuicornis, Paraguay, Puerto Rico,
(tapak dara, periwinkle), Thrips palmi, Suriname, USA, Uruguay,
Chrysanthemum x morifolium T. Setosus, T. Venezuela
(krisan, chrysanthemum), Cicer Tabaci, Asia: Afghanistan,
arietinum (kacang arab, T.flavus, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
chickpea), Cichorium endivia Scirtothrips Bangladesh, China,
(endive), Citrullus lanatus dorsalis Georgia, India, Iran,
(semangka, watermelon), Israel, Japan, Jordan,
Coleus, Columnea hirta, Korea DPR (North Korea),
Crotalaria junce (rush Lebanon, Malaysia, Nepal,
skeletonweed), Cucumis sativus Oman, Pakistan, Republic
(mentimun, cucumber), of Korea (South Korea),
Cucurbita pepo (labu, squash), Saudi Arabia, Singapore,
Cyclamen, Cynara scolymus Sri Lanka, Syria, Taiwan,
(artichoke), Cyphomandra Thailand, Turkey
betacea (terung belanda, tree Europe: Albania, Austria,
tomato), Dahlia spp., Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia
Dieffenbachia spp. (dumbcane), and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Eustoma grandiflorum Cyprus, Czech Republic,
(lisianthus), Ficus elastic Finland, France,
- 876 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
(Indian rubberplant), Ficus Germany, Greece,
pumila (clumbing fig), Guernsey, Hungary,
Galinsoga parviflora (potato Ireland, Italy, Lithuania,
weed), Gerbera jamesonii Malta, Moldova,
(transvaal daisy), Gerbera spp., Montenegro, North
Glycine max (kedelai, Macedonia, Malta,
soyabean), Gossypium Moldova, Montenegro,
hirsutum (kapas, cotton), Netherlands, Norway,
Helianthus annuus (bunga Poland, Portugal,
matahari, sunflower), Romania, Russian
Impatiens walleriana (busy- Federation, Serbia,
Izzy), Jacquemontia tamnifolia Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
(hairy clustervine), Kalanchoe Switzerland, Ukraine,
sp., Lactuca sativa (selada, United Kingdom,
lettuce), Lathyrus sativus Oceania: Australia, Cook
(grass pea), Lens culinaris ssp. Islands, New Zealand,
culinaris (lentil), Lupinus spp. Papua New Guinea
(lupine), Mentha piperita,
Nicandra physalodes, Nicotiana
rustica, Nicotiana tabacum
(tembakau, tobacco), Ocimum
basilicum (sweet basil),
Oncidium, Pelargonium, Petunia
hybrida, Phalaenopsis spp.,
- 877 -

(SCIENTIFIC
NAME/SYNONIM/TAXON/
COMMON NAME)
Phaseolus spp., Physalis
peruviana (cape gooseberry),
Pisum sativum (kapri, pea),
Saintpaulia ionantha (African
violet), Sechium edule (labu
siam, chayotes), Senecio
cruentus (cineraria), Sinningia
speciosa (Brazilian gloxinia),
Sinningia, Solanaceae,
potato), Stephanotis floribunda
(Madagascar jasmine),
Valeriana officinalis (valerian),
Valerianella locusta (lamb’s
lettuce), Vigna cylindrica
(buncis, common bean), Vigna
mungo (black gram), Vigna
mungbean), Vigna unguiculata
(kacang tunggak, cowpea), Vitis
- 878

ILMIAH / SINO NIM/ KLASIFIKASI / /GROUP PEMBAWA / GEOGRAPHICAL
( SCIENTIFIC
NAME/ SYNONIM/ TAXON /
COMMON NAME)
Zantedeschia aethiopica (calla
lily), Zinnia eleqans (zinnia)
MENTER! PERTANIAN
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PERATURAN MENTER! PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA

DENGAN RAHMAT TUHAN YANG MAHA ESA

MENTER! PERTANIAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA,

Menimbang a. bahwa organ1sme pengganggu tumbuhan karantina

d. bahwa berdasarkan pertimbangan sebagaimana

Mengingat 1. Pasal 17 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara

dilakukan untuk mencegah orgamsme pengganggu

Agar setiap orang mengetahuinya, memerintahkan

SYAHRUL YASIN LIMPO

BERITA NEG REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN �.2020 NOMOR 1136

JENIS ORGANISME PENGGANGGU TUMBUHAN KARANTINA

A. JENIS OPTK KATEGORI A1

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