Canopy trees in dry evergreen forests, up to 800 m.
Diospyros ebenum J.Koenig ex Retz.
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Diospyros assimilis Bedd. |
synonym | Diospyros ebenaster Retz. |
synonym | Diospyros glaberrima Rottler |
synonym | Diospyros laurifolia A.Rich. |
synonym | Diospyros melanoxylon Willd. |
synonym | Diospyros membranacea A.DC. |
synonym | Diospyros reticulata var. timoriana A.DC. |
synonym | Diospyros timoriana (A.DC.) Miq. |
🗒 Common Names
English |
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Malayalam |
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Other |
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Tamil |
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📚 Overview
Summary
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Petiole and leaf insertion
Leaf lower side
Flower insertion
Fruit insertion
Leaf upper side
Flowering branch
Inflorescence insertion
Leaf upper side
Leaf lower side
Fruit insertion
Habit
Trees up to 12 m tall.
Trunk & Bark
Bark black, smooth.
Branches and Branchlets
Branchlets terete, glabrous.
Leaves
Leaves simple, alternate, distichous; petiole 0.3-0.8 cm long, glabrous, subterete; lamina 5-13.5 x 1.5-4.5 cm, elliptic or oblong, apex acuminate with blunt tip or obtuse, base acute to rounded, margin entire, midrib flat; secondary nerves 5-8 pairs, lower most pairs close and acute in angle; tertiary nerves reticulate.
Inflorescence / Flower
Flowers unisexual; male flowers subsessile, in 3-flowered, axillary cymes, cream; female flowers subsessile, axillary, solitary, pedicels 0.2 cm long.
Fruit and Seed
Berry, globose or subglobose, to 2 cm across, apiculate, with fruiting calyx lobes accrescent, reflexed; usually 4 seeded, rarely 2-8.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habit: Tree
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Evergreen dioecious trees, to 15 m high, bark black or grey-black, rough, peeling off in small rectangular pieces, fissured, brittle; blaze yellow; branchlets slender, apical part sparsely minutely adpressed pilose or glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, estipulate; petiole 4-10 mm long, slender, glabrous; lamina 4.5-15 x 4-7 cm, elliptic-oblong, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, obovate or obovate-oblong, base cuneate or acute, apex obtuse, emarginate or subacute, margin entire, glabrous, coriaceous; lateral nerves 5-11 pairs, pinnate, prominent, basal pairs opposite, intercostae reticulate, prominent, pellucid. Flowers unisexual, subsessile, greenish-yellow; male flowers: 3-15 in short, axillary, umbellate clusters; peduncle densely tomentose; pedicel 3 mm; calyx cupular, glabrous; lobes 4, ovate, spreading, margin ciliate; corolla 7 mm long, 1 cm across, tubular to salver-shaped; lobes 4, ovate-oblong, 6 mm long; stamens 6-12, unequal, in uneven groups; filaments 1.5-3.5 mm long; anthers linear, connectives crested, apiculate; pistillode linear to 2 mm; female flowers: solitary, axillary, pedicel to 3 mm; calyx cupular, mouth densely tomentose; lobes 4, ovate, spreading, subacute; corolla 3 mm across, tubular; tube 6 mm; lobes 4, each 6 mm, acute, reflexed; staminodes 8 with double anthers; ovary superior, 4.5 x 4 mm, globose, 8-celled, ovules 1-in each cell; styles 4; stigma capitellate. Fruit a berry, 2 x 1.8 cm, subglobose, with short apical beak; calyx enlarged and forming a shallow wooden cup; reflexed; seeds 3-8, black; endosperm equable.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Ecology
Canopy trees in dry evergreen forests, up to 800 m.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Plains to Mid Altitude, Dry Deciduous to Moist Deciduous Forests
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Habitat
Terrestrial
Dry deciduous forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Description
Peninsular India and Sri Lanka; in the Western Ghats- leeward side of the South Sahyadri and Nilgiris.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
Attributions | B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Maharashtra: Pune, Satara
Karnataka: N. Kanara, Shimoga, S. Kanara
Kerala: Idukki, Kollam
Tamil Nadu: All districts
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Global Distribution
Peninsular India and Sri Lanka
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Kollam, Idukki
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
IUCN Red List Category
Data Deficient
Data Deficient
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
References
- Diospyros ebenum Koenig, Physiogr. Salsk. Mag. 1: 176. 1781; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 558. 1882; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 775(545). 1923; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 243. 1984; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 181. 1999; V. Singh, Monogr. Indian Diospyros 89. 2005.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Matthew 1983
Information Listing > References
- Diospyros ebenum Koenig, Physiogr. Salsk. Mag. 1: 176. 1781; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 558. 1882; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 775(545). 1923; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 243. 1984; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 181. 1999; V. Singh, Monogr. Indian Diospyros 89. 2005.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Matthew 1983
The characteristics, representativeness, function and conservation importance of tropical dry evergreen forest on India’s Coromandel Coast
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaFoliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India
Jo
Journal of Threatened TaxaNo Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Ericales Bercht. & J. Presl |
Family | Ebenaceae |
Genus | Diospyros |
Species | Diospyros ebenum J.Koenig ex Retz. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations