Skip to content
Login
India Biodiversity Portal
India Biodiversity Portal
SpeciesMapsDocuments

Acacia mearnsii De Wild.

Accepted
Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
/12733894-3b58-476e-858a-10f48ed44174/545.JPG
/12733894-3b58-476e-858a-10f48ed44174/183.JPG
/12733894-3b58-476e-858a-10f48ed44174/39.JPG
/12733894-3b58-476e-858a-10f48ed44174/425.JPG
/12733894-3b58-476e-858a-10f48ed44174/14.JPG
🗒 Synonyms
synonymAcacia decurrens Auct. non Willd.
synonymAcacia decurrens var. mollis Auct. non Lindl.
synonymAcacia mollissima Sensu auct.
synonymRacosperma mearnsii (De Wild.)Pedley
🗒 Common Names
Afrikaans
  • Swartwattel
English
  • Black Wattle
German
  • Australische akazie
Other
  • Black Wattle
  • Chauvukku
Portuguese
  • Acácia-negra
Zulu
  • Uwatela
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
A fast growing evergreen tree native to Australia, but now one of the 100 most invasive species in the world. It is valued for its timber and various products that can be extracted from its bark, and has been introduced by agroforestry industries across the world. It continues to be valued as an important plantation species due to returns from timber exports in South Africa and Brazil, where it is grown commercially.  It has also become an important source of fuelwood for several rural communities in Africa and Asia.

Its impact as an invasive can be attributed to its ability to produce large quantities of seeds that can survive for long periods of time, as well the development of its large shady crown.  

In its native Australia, it plays a crucial role in the natural restoration of soil and vegetation after bush fires.

Certain insects and fungi as agents have proven to be the most preferred forms of biological control, especially the ones that only affect the flowers and fruits of the plants, but not the leaves and bark, thus ensuring that the vegetative parts are still viable for commercial use.

samagni
Attributions
Contributors
samagni
StatusUNDER_CREATION
LicensesCC_BY
References
  1. Rangan, H., Kull, C. A., & Alexander, L. (2010). Forest plantations, water availability, and regional climate change: controversies surrounding Acacia mearnsii plantations in the upper Palni Hills, southern India. Regional Environmental Change, 10, 103-117.
  2. Carruthers, J., Robin, L., Hattingh, J. P., Kull, C. A., Rangan, H., & van Wilgen, B. W. (2011). A native at home and abroad: the history, politics, ethics and aesthetics of acacias. Diversity and Distributions, 17(5), 810-821.
  3. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=51&fr=1&sts=tss&lang=EN
  4. Wilson, J. R. U., Gairifo, C., Gibson, M. R., Arianoutsou, M., Bakar, B. B., Baret, S., ... & Richardson, D. M. (2011). Risk assessment, eradication, and biological control: Global efforts to limit Australian acacia invasions.
  5. Chan, J. M., Day, P., Feely, J., Thompson, R., Little, K. M., Norris, C. H., ... & Harbard, J. (2015). Acacia mearnsii industry overview: current status, key research and development issues. In Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science (Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 19-30). NISC-Taylor & Francis.
  6. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/2326
  7. Kull, C. A., Shackleton, C. M., Cunningham, P. J., Ducatillon, C., Dufour‐Dror, J. M., Esler, K. J., ... & Zylstra, M. J. (2011). Adoption, use and perception of Australian acacias around the world. Diversity and Distributions, 17(5), 822-836.
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Tree Distribution notes: Exotic
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors
StatusUNDER_CREATION
LicensesCC_BY
References
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Trees, to 15 m high; young parts silky; branchlets semiterete. Leaves bipinnate, alternate, stipulate; rachis 4-12 cm long, slender, pulvinate, pubescent, a gland at the base of the rachis on the upper side; pinnae 8-21 pairs, subopposite, 1.5-6 cm long, slender, a gland between each pairs on the upper side; leaflets 36-90, subsessile, subopposite; lamina 1.5-4 x 0.5-1 mm, linear or linear-oblong, base obtuse, subacute or obliquely truncate, apex obtuse or subacute, margin entire, puberulent, membranous, veins obscure. Flowers bisexual, white or creamy, sessile, heads arranged in axillary or terminal panicles or racemes; calyx 2.5-3 x 2-2.8 mm, ochraceous puberulous; lobes 5, ca. 2 x 1 mm, oblong; corolla 3.5-4 mm long; lobes 5, 2.5-3.5 x 1-2 mm, triangular-oblong; stamens 4-5 mm long; ovary superior, 4.5-5 mm long; style 4-5 mm long. Fruit a pod, 3-10 x 0.5-1 cm, flat, narrow, straight to slightly curved, usually constricted between the seeds, tomentose, blackish-brown.
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors
    StatusUNDER_CREATION
    LicensesCC_BY
    References
      Habit: Tree
      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      AttributionsG. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Contributors
      StatusUNDER_CREATION
      LicensesCC_BY
      References
        No Data
        📚 Natural History
        Cyclicity
        Flowering and fruiting: March-October
        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Contributors
        StatusUNDER_CREATION
        LicensesCC_BY
        References
          Miscellaneous Details
          Notes: Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Cultivated, Native of Australia
          G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
          AttributionsG. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
          Contributors
          StatusUNDER_CREATION
          LicensesCC_BY
          References
            No Data
            📚 Habitat and Distribution
            General Habitat
            Raised in plantations
            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Contributors
            StatusUNDER_CREATION
            LicensesCC_BY
            References
              Description
              Global Distribution

              Native of Australia, widely planted in Asia

              Indian distribution

              State - Kerala, District/s: Idukki

              Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
              AttributionsDr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
              Contributors
              StatusUNDER_CREATION
              LicensesCC_BY
              References
                Kerala: Idukki Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Salem
                G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                AttributionsG. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                Contributors
                StatusUNDER_CREATION
                LicensesCC_BY
                References
                  No Data
                  📚 Occurrence
                  No Data
                  📚 Uses and Management
                  📚 Information Listing
                  References
                  1. Acacia decurrens (Wendl.) Willd. var. mollis Lindl., Bot. Reg. 5. t. 371. 1819.
                  2. Acacia mearnsii Wilde, Pl. Bequaert. 3: 61. 1925, "mearnsi"; Sanjappa, Legumes Ind. 50. 1992; Chakrab. & Gangop., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 20: 617. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 118. 1999.
                  1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983
                  Overview > Brief
                  1. Rangan, H., Kull, C. A., & Alexander, L. (2010). Forest plantations, water availability, and regional climate change: controversies surrounding Acacia mearnsii plantations in the upper Palni Hills, southern India. Regional Environmental Change, 10, 103-117.
                  2. Carruthers, J., Robin, L., Hattingh, J. P., Kull, C. A., Rangan, H., & van Wilgen, B. W. (2011). A native at home and abroad: the history, politics, ethics and aesthetics of acacias. Diversity and Distributions, 17(5), 810-821.
                  3. http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=51&fr=1&sts=tss&lang=EN
                  4. Wilson, J. R. U., Gairifo, C., Gibson, M. R., Arianoutsou, M., Bakar, B. B., Baret, S., ... & Richardson, D. M. (2011). Risk assessment, eradication, and biological control: Global efforts to limit Australian acacia invasions.
                  5. Chan, J. M., Day, P., Feely, J., Thompson, R., Little, K. M., Norris, C. H., ... & Harbard, J. (2015). Acacia mearnsii industry overview: current status, key research and development issues. In Southern Forests: a Journal of Forest Science (Vol. 77, No. 1, pp. 19-30). NISC-Taylor & Francis.
                  6. http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/2326
                  7. Kull, C. A., Shackleton, C. M., Cunningham, P. J., Ducatillon, C., Dufour‐Dror, J. M., Esler, K. J., ... & Zylstra, M. J. (2011). Adoption, use and perception of Australian acacias around the world. Diversity and Distributions, 17(5), 822-836.
                  Information Listing > References
                  1. Acacia decurrens (Wendl.) Willd. var. mollis Lindl., Bot. Reg. 5. t. 371. 1819.
                  2. Acacia mearnsii Wilde, Pl. Bequaert. 3: 61. 1925, "mearnsi"; Sanjappa, Legumes Ind. 50. 1992; Chakrab. & Gangop., Journ. Econ. Tax. Bot. 20: 617. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 118. 1999.
                  3. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983

                  Observations on the Nilgiri Marten Martes gwatkinsii (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) from Pampadum Shola National Park, the southern Western Ghats, India

                  Journal of Threatened Taxa
                  No Data
                  📚 Meta data
                  🐾 Taxonomy
                  📊 Temporal Distribution
                  📷 Related Observations
                  👥 Groups
                  India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                  Powered byBiodiversity Informatics Platform - v4.2.1
                  Technology PartnerStrand Life Sciences