Cocculus species are scandent or erect herbs, shrubs or small trees, monoecious. Leaves simple, alternate, non-peltate, entire or lobed. Flowers unisexual. Inflorescences cymose or thyrsoid, terminal or axillary. Male flowers, sepals 6-9, in 2-3 series, imbricate, the outer sepals smaller, petals 6, normally bifid or emarginated apex, auricled below, stamens 6-9, free, anthers subglobose, cells bursting transversely. Female flowers sepals and petals similar as in male flowers, staminodes 6 or absent, carpels 3-6, style subulate, cylindrical, reflexed. Fruits drupes curved, obovoid, laterally slightly compressed, style scar near the base, bony endocarp, transversely rigid above, perforate on both sides, Seed curved, endocarp faintly tubercled, endospermic, liguliform cotyledons.
Cocculus pendulus (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Diels
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Adenocheton phyllanthoides Fenzl |
synonym | Bricchettia somalensis Pax |
synonym | Cebatha esculenta Forssk. ex Chiov. |
synonym | Cebatha pendula (J. R. & C. Forst.) Kuntze |
synonym | Cocculus cebatha DC. |
synonym | Cocculus ellipticus (Poir.) DC. |
synonym | Cocculus epibaterium DC. |
synonym | Cocculus glabra Roxb. |
synonym | Cocculus laevis Wall. |
synonym | Cocculus leaeba (Del.) DC. |
synonym | Cocculus recisus Miers |
synonym | Epibaterium pendulum J. R. Forster & G. Forster |
synonym | Epibaterium scandens Raeusch. |
synonym | Leaeba dubia J.F.Gmel. |
synonym | Menispermum edule Vahl |
synonym | Menispermum ellipticum Poir. |
synonym | Menispermum epibaterium Spreng. |
synonym | Menispermum leaeba Delile |
🗒 Common Names
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📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Lianas; stem to 15 cm thick; branchlets puberulous. Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, truncate, cuneate, rounded or 3 -lobed-hastate at base, obtuse, mucronate or emarginate at apex, 1.5-5 x 0.5-3 cm, glabrous to slightly puberulous, 3-5 nerved at base. Male flowers sessile or subsessile, in axillary 5-20 mm long fascicles; peduncles ca 1.5 cm long; sepals ovate-elliptic, fleshy or membranous; Outer 3 sepals 1-1.5 x 0.4-0.7 mm, sparsely puberulous; inner 3 larger, puberulous to glabrous, shining; petals ovate to obovate, 0.8-2 x 0.5-1 mm; stamens 0.8-1.5 mm long. Female flowers axillary, solitary, rarely in pairs; peduncles 0.7-1.3 cm long; sepals and petals as in male ones; carpels ca 1 mm long. Drupes ovoid to obovoid or reniform, compressed, 4-7 x 4-5 mm, reddish, black when dry; endocarp ribbed on lateral faces, not crested, not perforated in middle.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Habit: Woody Climber
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Pflanzenr. (Engler) IV. 94 (Heft 46): 237, f. 78. 1910
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Cocculus species are dioecious i.e., male (staminate) flowers on one plant, and female (pistillate) flowers on another plant. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects. Flowering/Fruiting: October-January/Almost throughout the year.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by barochory i.e., gravitational dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Much branched erect shrubs, about 4-8 m tall. Stems striate, glabrous, pubescent when young, about 15-20 cm thick, bark grayish brown to dark brown, rough. Branches slender, terete, puberulous. Leaves simple, alternate, very variable, oblong-ovate, lanceolate-oblong, ovate-elliptic to somewhat trapezoidal, 1.5-5.5 x 0.5-3 cm across, base subcuneate to truncate, margin entire, apex acute, obtuse to emarginate, chartaceous, coriaceous, green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent both above and beneath, basal 3-5 veins, impressed above and beneath, petiole stout, sparsely pubescent, about 0.3-0.9 cm long. Inflorescence axillary or extra axillary, cymose. Male flowers in axillary, few flowered, subsessile or sessile, minute, in 10-20 mm fascicles on about 1.5 cm peduncles, sepals 6 in 2 series, outer series 3, smaller, ovate-elliptic, membranous, fleshy, about 1-1.5 x 0.3-0.8 mm across, inner series sepals 3, ovate to obovate, shining, glabrous to puberulous, petals 6, ovate, apex obtuse, about 1-2 x 0.5-1 mm long, stamens 6, about 1-1.5 mm long. Female flowers solitary or rarely in pairs, pedicels about 0.6-1.5 cm long, sepals and petals similar as in male flowers, staminodes about 0.5-1 mm long, carpels 3, about 1 mm long. Fruits drupes obovoid to ovoid, glabrous, reddish when ripe, black when dried, slightly compressed, about 4-7 mm across, endocarp rugose, without crest, ridged dorsal surface, centre not perforated.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Western Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Scrub jungle and deciduous forests
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Semi deserts, dry scrubs, dry deciduous forests, altitude up to 700 m.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
India, Pakistan to tropical and subtropical Africa
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: Thiruvananthapuram
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Maharashtra: Ahemdnagar, Nasik, Pune
Kerala: Thiruvananthapuram
Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore, Madurai, Tirunelveli
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Local Distribution: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh.
Global Distribution: Asia: India, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia; Africa.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
System Of Medicines Used In
Folk medicine
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=3453
Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=3453 |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY |
References |
Leaf juice used as tonic. Roots and leaves are used as medicine for intermittent fevers, rheumatism.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN)
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India. Kailash, B. R., UAS & ATREE, Bangalore, India. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
References
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Gamble, 1957, Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants, N. Sasidharan, 2004
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=3453
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/20600460 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cocculus+pendulus&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2729715 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 102. ;Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 1: 320. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on 13 December 2013. ;Knols of Pankaj Oudhia. URL: http://pankajoudhiaknols.wordpress.com/article/cocculus-pendulus-j-r-g-forst-diels-3nerdtj3s9l79-18/ ;Saxena, N. B., & Saxena S., (2001) Plant taxonomy, third edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India. 198. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927 ;
- Cocculus leaeba DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 527. 1817; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 102. 1872.
- Cocculus pendulus (J.R. & G. Forst.) Diels in Engl., Pflanzenreich Menispermac. 237. 1910; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 29(21). 1915; Gangop. in B. D. Sharma et al., Fl. India 1:320.1993; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 64. 2002; M. Mohanan in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 182. 2005.
- Epibaterium pendulum J.R. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. 108, t. 54. 1776.
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/20600460 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cocculus+pendulus&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2729715 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 102. ;Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 1: 320. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on 13 December 2013. ;Knols of Pankaj Oudhia. URL: http://pankajoudhiaknols.wordpress.com/article/cocculus-pendulus-j-r-g-forst-diels-3nerdtj3s9l79-18/ ;Saxena, N. B., & Saxena S., (2001) Plant taxonomy, third edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India. 198. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927 ;
Information Listing > References
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. I, 1983; Gamble, 1957, Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants, N. Sasidharan, 2004
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=3453
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/20600460 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cocculus+pendulus&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2729715 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 102. ;Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 1: 320. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on 13 December 2013. ;Knols of Pankaj Oudhia. URL: http://pankajoudhiaknols.wordpress.com/article/cocculus-pendulus-j-r-g-forst-diels-3nerdtj3s9l79-18/ ;Saxena, N. B., & Saxena S., (2001) Plant taxonomy, third edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India. 198. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927 ;
- Cocculus leaeba DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 527. 1817; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 102. 1872.
- Cocculus pendulus (J.R. & G. Forst.) Diels in Engl., Pflanzenreich Menispermac. 237. 1910; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 29(21). 1915; Gangop. in B. D. Sharma et al., Fl. India 1:320.1993; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 64. 2002; M. Mohanan in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 182. 2005.
- Epibaterium pendulum J.R. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. 108, t. 54. 1776.
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/20600460 ;The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do?find_wholeName=Cocculus+pendulus&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html ;The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2729715 ;Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. ;Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121. ;Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127. ;Hooker, J. D., (1885) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 102. ;Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 1: 320. ;Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2012. ;IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. . Downloaded on 13 December 2013. ;Knols of Pankaj Oudhia. URL: http://pankajoudhiaknols.wordpress.com/article/cocculus-pendulus-j-r-g-forst-diels-3nerdtj3s9l79-18/ ;Saxena, N. B., & Saxena S., (2001) Plant taxonomy, third edition, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India. 198. ;Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400 ;Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927 ;
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Magnoliopsida |
Order | Ranunculales |
Family | Menispermaceae |
Genus | Cocculus |
Species | Cocculus pendulus (J. R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Diels |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations