Dilophia species are dwarf biennial or perennial herbs. Rootstock thick, fleshy, conical taproot. Stem simple near the base, erect, branched above, branches procumbent, trichomes simple or absent. Basal leaves densely in rosulate, fleshy, spathulate, base attenuate, margin entire or slightly dentate, apex obtuse, glabrous or pubescent, petiole sessile, upper cauline leaves below the inflorescence, base attenuate, margins entire, petiole sessile. Inflorescence dense racemes, subumbellate or corymbs, lax, many flowered, not elongated in fruit, bracteate or ebracteate. Flowers bisexual, white or pink, actinomorphic, pedicel erect, ascending, divaricate, not elongated in fruit, sepals 4, erect, ovate, lateral pair base not saccate, persistant, petals 4, broadly obovate-spathulate, longer than sepals, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or emarginate, claw strongly differentiated. Stamens 6, tetradynamous, spreading, filaments not dilated, anthers ovate, nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of stamens. ovary superior, linear-elliptic, bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovules 4-16, style long, stigma bilobed. Fruit articulated siliqua, dehiscent, subcordate in outline, sessile, pedicel sessile, base broader, apex cristate, valves papery, margins distinct, surface glabrous, septum complete, style obsolete, stigma entire or slightly bilobed. Seeds 4-12, compressed, brown, oblong-ovoid, not winged, minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when soaked, cotyledons incumbent.
Dilophia salsa Thomson
🗒 Synonyms
synonym | Dilophia dutreuili Franch. |
synonym | Dilophia kaschgarica Rupr. |
🗒 Common Names
Chin |
|
📚 Overview
Summary
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
References
Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 20. 1853
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Natural History
Reproduction
Dilophia species flowers are complete, bisexual, i.e., with functional male (androecium) and female (gynoecium), including stamens, carpels and ovary. Pollination is entomophilous i.e., by insects, or cleistogamy i.e., by self or allogamy i.e., by cross pollination. Flowering/Fruiting: June-September.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Dispersal
Seeds may be dispersed by autochory i.e., self dispersal, anemochory i.e., wind dispersal, zoochory i.e., dispersal by birds or animals, anthropochory i.e., dispersal by humans.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Morphology
Erect dwarf perennial herbs, about 3-10 cm tall. Rootstock thick, fleshy, conical taproot. Stem simple near the base, erect, about 2-4 cm long, branched above, branches procumbent up to 12 cm long, usually glabrous, trichomes simple or absent. Basal leaves densely in rosulate, fleshy, linear spathulate-oblanceolate, about 7-25 x 1-5 mm across, base attenuate, margin entire or sinuately dentate, apex obtuse, fleshy, glabrous, petiole sessile, upper cauline leaves below the inflorescence, base attenuate not auriculate, margins entire, petiole sessile. Inflorescence dense racemes, corymbs, few to many, not elongated in fruit, lowermost flower bracteates, upper flowers ebracteate. Flowers bisexual, white or pink, actinomorphic, pedicel erect, ascending, divaricate, not elongated in fruit, about 3-9 mm long, sepals 4, erect, ovate, glabrous or pubescent, lateral pair base not saccate, persistant, apex denticulate or entire, about 1.5-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm across, petals 4, broadly obovate-spathulate, longer than sepals, base cuneate, margin entire, apex emarginate or obtuse, about 2-3 x 0.5-1.5 mm across, claw strongly differentiated, about 2 mm long. Stamens 6, tetradynamous, spreading, filaments not dilated, about 1-1.5 mm long, anthers ovate, about 0.5 mm long, nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of stamens. ovary superior, linear-elliptic, bicarpellary, syncarpous, ovules 4-16, style long, stigma bilobed. Fruit articulated siliqua, dehiscent, subcordate in outline, sessile, pedicel sessile, base broader, apex cristate, valves papery, margins distinct, surface glabrous, septum complete, style obsolete, stigma entire or slightly bilobed. Seeds 4-12, compressed, blackish brown, oblong-ovoid, not winged, minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when soaked, cotyledons incumbent.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Diseases
Dilophia species are susceptible to insect pests, virus, mildews and moulds.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Along streams and moist grassy slopes, altitude 3000-4400 m.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
Description
Global Distribution
Asia: Bhutan, China, India, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan.
Local Distribution
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Sikkim.
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
Conservation Status
Not evaluated (IUCN).
Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
Attributions | Ganeshaiah, K. N., UAS, Bangalore, India.; Kailash, B. R., ATREE, Bangalore, India.; Royal Norwegian Embassy grants. Indian Bioresource Information Network (IBIN), Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. |
Contributors | |
Status | UNDER_CREATION |
Licenses | CC_BY_NC_SA |
References |
No Data
📚 Uses and Management
📚 Information Listing
References
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
- Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=200009411
- Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 161.
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 2: 192.
- IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. . Downloaded on 24 November 2014.
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/4104657
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=8B340B6268FF7EBF17F12EAB370F8B3B?find_wholeName=Dilophia+salsa+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2768467
- Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927
Information Listing > References
- Harvard University Herbaria, Publication and Botanist databases (HUH) © 2001 - 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
- Flora of China, 'eFloras (2008). Published on the Internet http://www.efloras.org [accessed 12 April 2014]*' Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. URL: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=200009411
- Plant sexual morphology. (2013, February 20). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10:31, February 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plant_sexual_morphology&oldid=539322400
- Hooker, J. D., (1872) Flora of British India. Reprint by Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Publishers, Dehra Dun. 1: 161.
- Mark W. chase and James L. Reveal (2009): A Phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 122-127.
- Encyclopedia of Life. Available from http://www.eol.org. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.
- Sharma, B. D., Balakrishnan, N. P., Rao, R. R., & Hajra, P. K. (1993), Flora of India, Botanical Survey of India. Deep Printers, New Delhi. Vol. 2: 192.
- IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. . Downloaded on 24 November 2014.
- Birgitta Bremer et. al. (2009): An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. From Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 105-121.
- Tropicos, botanical information system at the Missouri Botanical Garden - www.tropicos.org. URL: http://www.tropicos.org/Name/4104657
- The International Plant Names Index (2012). Published on the Internet http://www.ipni.org. URL: http://www.ipni.org/ipni/simplePlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=8B340B6268FF7EBF17F12EAB370F8B3B?find_wholeName=Dilophia+salsa+&output_format=normal&query_type=by_query&back_page=query_ipni.html
- The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ URL: http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2768467
- Seed dispersal. (2013, September 11). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:42, February 11, 2013, URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seed_dispersal&oldid=572442927
No Data
🐾 Taxonomy
Root | Root |
Kingdom | Plantae |
Phylum | Tracheophyta |
Class | Equisetopsida C. Agardh |
Order | Brassicales |
Family | Brassicaceae |
Genus | Dilophia |
Species | Dilophia salsa Thomson |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations