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Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.

Accepted
Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.
Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.
Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.
/Erythroxylum_monogynum/Erythroxylum_monogynum_2.tif.JPG
/Erythroxylum_monogynum/Erythroxylum_monogynum.tif.JPG
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🗒 Synonyms
synonymErythroxylum indicum (DC.) Bedd.
synonymErythroxylum sideroxyloides Roxb.
synonymSethia indica DC.
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Bastard Sandal
  • Red cedar
Irula
  • Sembulichan
Kannada
  • Devadaram
Malayalam
  • Chembulinga
  • Palayachandanam
  • Vella-devadaram
Other
  • Jeevathalai
  • Palayachandanam
  • Red Cedar
  • Vella devadaram
Tamil
  • Devadara
  • Sembulichan
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Shrub to Small Tree
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Habit: A small evergreen, bushy tree, upto 7m.
    Keystone Foundation
    Attributions Keystone Foundation
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Habit: Shrub to Small tree
      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Small glabrous trees, to 7 m high; bark dark-brown, very rough, lenticellate; branchlets compressed. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely distichous; stipules intrapetiolar, on the arrested shoots imbricating; petioles 3-8 mm, slender, grooved above, glabrous, chartaceous; lamina 2-6.5 x 1-3 cm, obovate or oblanceolate, base attenuate or cuneate, apex obtuse, margin entire, lateral nerves 6-14 pairs, pinnate, slender, faint, intercostae reticulate, faint. Flowers bisexual, white, axillary, solitary or 1-4 in axillary fascicles; sepals 5-6, ovate, acute, glabrous; petals 5-6, white, oblong, with an erect double ligule on inner side, imbricate, stamens 10-12, monadelphous; ovary 3-4-celled, styles 3-4, united into a style with capitate stigmas; ovary superior, 3-4-celled, ovules 1-2 in each cell. Fruit a drupe, some what 3-angled, ellipsoid, apiculate, glabrous, reddish; seed one.
        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: Throughout the year
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Morphology

            Growth Form

            Tree
            Tree
            Flower

            Solitary or in axillary clusters; greenish-white. Flowering in two peaks March-July and October-December.

            Fruit

            An oblong drupe, ripening red, apiculate; seed solitary. Fruiting from July-May.

            Field tips

            Bark dark brown, rough.

            Leaf Arrangement

            Alternate -distichous

            Leaf Type

            Simple

            Leaf Shape

            Obovate

            Leaf Apex

            Obtuse-emarginate

            Leaf Base

            Cuneate

            Leaf Margin

            Entire

            Keystone Foundation
            Attributions Keystone Foundation
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Miscellaneous Details
              Notes: Western Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests
              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                No Data
                📚 Habitat and Distribution
                General Habitat
                Dry deciduous forests
                Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  Very common, locally abundant in foothills scrub jungles up to 1000m. Peninsular India and Sri Lanka.
                  Keystone Foundation
                  Attributions Keystone Foundation
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Description
                    Global Distribution

                    India and Sri Lanka

                    Indian distribution

                    State - Kerala, District/s: Kollam, Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram, Palakkad

                    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Karnataka: Chikmagalur, Coorg, Hassan, Mysore Kerala: Idukki, Kollam, Pathanamthitta, Thiruvananthapuram
                      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Found in scrub jungles and deciduous forests. Dominant. Peninsular India and Sri Lanka.
                        Keystone Foundation
                        Attributions Keystone Foundation
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          No Data
                          📚 Occurrence
                          No Data
                          📚 Uses and Management
                          Uses

                          System of Medicines Used In

                          Folk medicine
                          Folk medicine
                          Siddha
                          Siddha
                          Medicinal
                          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            Oil from the seed is used to cure psoriasis.

                            Wood very hard and useful for fuel. Fruits edible.

                            Keystone Foundation
                            Attributions Keystone Foundation
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              System Of Medicines Used In

                              Folk medicine

                              FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2393
                              Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2393
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                Folklore

                                The wood is termite resistant and used in the construction of houses. The hard wood is sliced and oil distilled from it is used in the treatment of knee pain.

                                Keystone Foundation
                                Attributions Keystone Foundation
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY
                                References 
                                  No Data
                                  📚 Information Listing
                                  References
                                  1. Flora of Karnataka, Sharma B.D, 1984, Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants, N. Sasidharan, 2004
                                  1. Erythroxylum indicum (DC.) Bedd., Fl. Sylv. t. 81. 1871.
                                  2. Sethia indica DC., Prodr. 1: 576. 1824.
                                  3. Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb., Pl. Corom. t.88. 1798; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 414. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 127(90). 1915; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 100. 1984; U. Chatterjee & B.D. Sharma in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 590. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 94. 1994; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 42. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 49. 1999; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 103. 2005; V.P. Prasad in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 511. 2005.
                                  1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2393
                                  2. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2393
                                  Information Listing > References
                                  1. Flora of Karnataka, Sharma B.D, 1984, Biodiversity Documentation for Kerala Part 6: Flowering Plants, N. Sasidharan, 2004
                                  2. Erythroxylum indicum (DC.) Bedd., Fl. Sylv. t. 81. 1871.
                                  3. Sethia indica DC., Prodr. 1: 576. 1824.
                                  4. Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb., Pl. Corom. t.88. 1798; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 1: 414. 1874; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 127(90). 1915; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 100. 1984; U. Chatterjee & B.D. Sharma in B.D. Sharma & Sanjappa, Fl. India 3: 590. 1993; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 94. 1994; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 42. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 49. 1999; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 103. 2005; V.P. Prasad in P. Daniel, Fl. Kerala 1: 511. 2005.
                                  5. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2393
                                  6. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2393

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                                  cepfrit
                                  No Data
                                  📚 Meta data
                                  No Data
                                  🐾 Taxonomy
                                  RootRoot
                                  KingdomPlantae
                                  PhylumTracheophyta
                                  ClassEquisetopsida C. Agardh
                                  OrderMalpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl
                                  FamilyErythroxylaceae
                                  GenusErythroxylum
                                  SpeciesErythroxylum monogynum Roxb.
                                  📊 Temporal Distribution
                                  📷 Related Observations
                                  👥 Groups
                                  India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                  TreesIndiaTreesIndia
                                  The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                  PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                  Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
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