Flowering class: Dicot
Habit: Tree
🗒 Synonyms
| synonym | Celtis glomerata Hochst. |
| synonym | Celtis guineensis Schumach. |
| synonym | Celtis madagascariensis Bojer |
| synonym | Celtis orientalis L. |
| synonym | Celtis rigida Bl. |
| synonym | Sponia affinis Planch. |
| synonym | Sponia africana Planch. |
| synonym | Sponia andaresa Comm. ex Lam. |
| synonym | Sponia argentea Planch. |
| synonym | Sponia burmannii (Bl.) Planch. |
| synonym | Sponia commersonii Decne. ex Planch. |
| synonym | Sponia guineensis Planch. |
| synonym | Sponia orientalis (L.) Decne. |
| synonym | Sponia orientalis var. affinis (Planch.) Baker |
| synonym | Sponia orientalis var. commersonii (Planch.) Baker |
| synonym | Sponia rigida (Bl.) Decne. |
| synonym | Sponia scaberrima (Bl.) Miq. |
| synonym | Sponia strigosa Planch. |
| synonym | Sponia wightii Planch. |
| synonym | Trema affinis (Planch.) Bl. |
| synonym | Trema africana (Planch.) Bl. |
| synonym | Trema argentea (Planch.) Bl. |
| synonym | Trema burmannii Bl. |
| synonym | Trema commersonii (Planch.) Bl. |
| synonym | Trema grevei Baill. |
| synonym | Trema grisea Baker |
| synonym | Trema guineense (Schumach. & Thonn.) Ficalho |
| synonym | Trema nitens Bl. |
| synonym | Trema orientalis var. argentea (BI.) Lauterb. |
| synonym | Trema orientalis var. rigida Lauterb. |
| synonym | Trema rigida Bl. |
| synonym | Trema scaberrima Bl. |
| synonym | Trema sieberi Bl. |
| synonym | Trema strigosa (Planch.) Bl. |
| synonym | Trema wightii (Planch.) Bl. |
🗒 Common Names
| Assamese |
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| English |
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| Hindi |
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| Kannada |
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| Konkani |
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📚 Overview
Description
Dioecious trees, to 15 m high, bark 0.6 cm, thin, greyish or bluish-green, rough, lenticellate; blaze creamy-yellow, streaked; branchlets scabrous to adpressed pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate; stipules lateral, cauducous; petiole 5-10 mm, slender, tomentose, grooved above; lamina 7.5-15 x 2.5-6 cm, ovate-lanceolate, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, base obliquely cordate, apex acuminate, margin serrulate, scabrid above, tomentose beneath, chartaceous, 3-5-ribbed from base, prominent, lateral nerves 3-4 pairs, pinnate, prominent, intercostae reticulate, prominent. Flowers unisexual, 3-4 mm across, greenish, in axillary fascicles or cymes; male flowers usually sessile; tepals 4 or 5, equal, 2 mm long, curved, ciliate; stamens 5; pistillode oblong; female flowers : tepals unequal, ciliate; ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled, ovate; style bifid, villous; stigma plumose. Fruit a drupe, 4 x 3 mm, globose, black; stylar tip persistent; seed globose.
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Habit: Tree
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Habit: A small spreading tree, upto 8m.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Nomenclature and Classification
📚 Natural History
Morphology
Growth Form
Tree
Flower
In axillary clusters; greenish-yellow. Flowering from January-March and August-October.
Fruit
A globose drupe, tipped by the style at apex, black when ripe; seed ovoid-globose. Fruiting throughout the year.
Field tips
Bark greyish-brown with numerous lenticels. Leaves 3-nerved from base.
Leaf Arrangement
Alternate-distichous
Leaf Type
Simple
Leaf Shape
Broadly lanceolate
Leaf Apex
Acuminate
Leaf Base
Oblique
Leaf Margin
Serrulate
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Miscellaneous Details
Notes: Western Ghats & Eastern Ghats, Dry Deciduous Forests
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
A rapid growing plant, quickly appearing in forest clearing. Planted as shade plant. Bark yields fiber.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Habitat and Distribution
General Habitat
Disturbed forest areas
Dry and moist deciduous forests, also in the plains
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Common in ravines and in clearings, less in plains. Hills above 400m. The tropical Africa, Sri Lanka, India, Himalaya, Indo China, West and South China, Australia.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Description
Global Distribution
India: Andaman & Nicobar Island Assam Bihar Kerala Maharastra Madhya Pradesh Odisha Tamil Nadu
Local Distribution
Throughout Assam
Karnataka: Chikmagalur, Coorg, Hassan, Mysore, N. Kanara, Shimoga, S. Kanara
Kerala: All districts
Tamil Nadu: Dindigul, Namakkal, Salem, Theni, Tiruchchirappalli, Tiruvannamalai, Viluppuram
G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
| Attributions | G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Found along the stream banks and ravine areas. Common. Tropical Africa, Indian subcontinent, Indo-China to Malesia and N.Australia.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
Global Distribution
Tropical Africa, Asia and Australia
Indian distribution
State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
| Attributions | Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Occurrence
No Data
📚 Demography and Conservation
📚 Uses and Management
Uses
System of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda
Folk medicine
Siddha
Bark yields fibre. Charcoal prepared from the wood.
Keystone Foundation
| Attributions | Keystone Foundation |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
System Of Medicines Used In
Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Siddha
FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2109
| Attributions | FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2109 |
| Contributors | |
| Status | UNDER_CREATION |
| Licenses | CC_BY |
| References |
No Data
📚 Information Listing
References
- Celtis orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 1044. 1753.
- Sponia wightii Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 10: 322. 1848.
- Trema orientalis (L.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 62. 1856; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 484. 1888; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1350(944). 1928; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 274. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 375. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 350. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 258. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 429. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 371. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 743. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 442. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 429. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 349. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 13,26. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 424. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 299. 1997; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 73. 1998; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 656. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 389. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 295. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 307. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 623. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 459. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 656. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 765. 2009.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2109
Information Listing > References
- Celtis orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 1044. 1753.
- Sponia wightii Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 3, 10: 322. 1848.
- Trema orientalis (L.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2: 62. 1856; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 484. 1888; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1350(944). 1928; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 274. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 375. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 350. 1985; Manilal, Fl. Silent Valley 258. 1988; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 429. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 371. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 743. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 442. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 429. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 349. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 13,26. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 424. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 299. 1997; Swarup. et al., Shola For. Kerala 73. 1998; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 656. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 389. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 295. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 307. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 623. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 459. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 656. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 765. 2009.
- Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
- D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=2109
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🐾 Taxonomy
| Root | Root |
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Tracheophyta |
| Class | Magnoliopsida |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Cannabaceae |
| Genus | Trema |
| Species | Trema orientalis (L.) Bl. |
📊 Temporal Distribution
📷 Related Observations
👥 Groups
