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Barleria prionitis

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Barleria prionitis
Barleria prionitis
/Barleria_prionitis/Barleria-prionitis.jpg
/Barleria_prionitis/Barleria_prionitis.tif.JPG
🗒 Synonyms
No Data
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Porcupine Flower
  • Yellow Hedge Barleria
Gujarati
  • Pilikantashelio
Hindi
  • Jinti
  • Katsareya
  • वज्रदंती Vajradanti
Kannada
  • Mullu Goranti
Malayalam
  • Chemmulli
  • Kuttivetila
  • Manjakanakambaram
  • Shemmuli
  • Vennkurinjiveru
Other
  • Barleria
  • Chemmulli
  • Chengundaan
  • Espinosa Amarilla
  • Govindam
  • Karu Nega Poo
  • Manja Chemmulli
  • Maruthondri mullai
  • Meem Mul Chedi
  • Picanier Jaune
  • Porcupine Flower
Tamil
  • Kaattu kanagaambaram
  • Kattu Kangaambaram
  • Semmulli
  • Shemmuli
  • குந்தன் Kundan
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Shrub
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Erect armed shrubs, spines ca. 1.2 cm long. Leaves to 5-9 x 2.5-4 cm, elliptic, acute, mucronate, base cuneate, sparsely puberulus, ciliate on the margins, gland dotted beneath; petiole to 2 cm. Cymes axillary; bracts 2, 1.5 cm, oblong mucronate; outer calyx lobes 1.3 x 0.4 cm, inner 1.1x 0.2 cm, mucronate, hirsute; corolla tube 2.5 cm, lobes 2 cm obovate; filaments 1.3 cm, staminodes 2, included at the base of the corolla tube; ovary 2.5 mm, style 2.5 cm.
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Habit: Shrub
      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Habit: An armed subshrub, upto 1m.
        Keystone Foundation
        Attributions Keystone Foundation
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: September-February
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Morphology

            Growth Form

            Shrub
            Shrub
            Flower

            Solitary or in cymose clusters in the lower axils, subsessile; golden yellow-orange. Flowering from November-January.

            Fruit

            An ovoid capsule, beaked; seeds 2, suborbicular, appressed hairy. Fruiting January onwards.

            Field tips

            Bracts spine tipped; upper leaves almost sessile, with axillary spines.

            Leaf Arrangement

            Opposite-decussate

            Leaf Type

            Simple

            Leaf Shape

            Ovate-obovate

            Leaf Apex

            Obtuse or acute

            Leaf Base

            Attenuate

            Leaf Margin

            Ciliate

            Keystone Foundation
            Attributions Keystone Foundation
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Miscellaneous Details
              Notes: Dry Evergreen to Thorn / Deciduous Forests
              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                Caterpillars of the Pansy group of butterflies feed on the plant. Root used in traditional medicine.
                Keystone Foundation
                Attributions Keystone Foundation
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  No Data
                  📚 Habitat and Distribution
                  General Habitat
                  Dry deciduous forests and scrub jungles
                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Common in the plains from the coast to 900m. Tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Sri Lanka through India Malacca.
                    Keystone Foundation
                    Attributions Keystone Foundation
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Description
                      Maharashtra: Dhule, Kolhapur, Nasik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Satara, Thane Karnataka: Chikmagalur, Mysore, Shimoga Kerala: Idukki, Kannur, Kollam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Malapuram, Palakkad, Pathanamthitta Tamil Nadu: All districts
                      G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                      Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Global Distribution

                        Tropical Africa and Asia

                        Indian distribution

                        State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                        Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                        Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          Found in scrub jungles and wayside thickets from plains to 500m. Common. Tropical Africa, tropical Asia, Sri Lanka, India through Malesia.
                          Keystone Foundation
                          Attributions Keystone Foundation
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            No Data
                            📚 Occurrence
                            No Data
                            📚 Uses and Management
                            Uses

                            System of Medicines Used In

                            Ayurveda
                            Ayurveda
                            Folk medicine
                            Folk medicine
                            Siddha
                            Siddha
                            Often cultivated in the garden for its showy flower.
                            Keystone Foundation
                            Attributions Keystone Foundation
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              System Of Medicines Used In

                              Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Siddha, Folk medicine

                              FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=290
                              Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=290
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                Folklore
                                Indigenous Information: Cultivated as an ornamental plant. Flowers are used in garlands.
                                Keystone Foundation
                                Attributions Keystone Foundation
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY
                                References 
                                  No Data
                                  📚 Information Listing
                                  References
                                  1. Barleria prionitis L., Sp. Pl. 636. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 482. 1884; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1058(741). 1924; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 220. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 301. 1984; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 334. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 299. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 573(a); Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 346. 1990; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 494. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 232. 1999; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 377. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 535. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 609. 2009.
                                  1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                  1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=290
                                  Information Listing > References
                                  1. Barleria prionitis L., Sp. Pl. 636. 1753; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 482. 1884; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1058(741). 1924; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 220. 1982; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 301. 1984; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 334. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 299. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 573(a); Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 346. 1990; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 494. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 232. 1999; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 377. 2005; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 535. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 609. 2009.
                                  2. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                  3. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=290

                                  Angiosperm diversity of Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh: a checklist

                                  Journal of Threatened Taxa

                                  Butterfly diversity in human-modified ecosystems of southern Sikkim, the eastern Himalaya, India

                                  Journal of Threatened Taxa
                                  No Data
                                  📚 Meta data
                                  No Data
                                  🐾 Taxonomy
                                  RootRoot
                                  KingdomPlantae
                                  PhylumTracheophyta
                                  ClassMagnoliopsida
                                  OrderLamiales
                                  FamilyAcanthaceae
                                  GenusBarleria
                                  SpeciesBarleria prionitis
                                  📊 Temporal Distribution
                                  📷 Related Observations
                                  👥 Groups
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