Skip to content
Login
India Biodiversity Portal
India Biodiversity Portal
SpeciesMapsDocuments

Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.

Accepted
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.
Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.
/Phyllanthus_amarus/Phyllanthus-amarus.jpg
/Phyllanthus_amarus/Phyllanthus_amarus.tif.JPG
🗒 Synonyms
synonymDiasperus nanus (Hook.f.) Kuntze
synonymPhyllanthus amarus var. baronianus Leandri, nom. inval.
synonymPhyllanthus nanus Hook.f.
synonymPhyllanthus niruri var. amarus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Leandri
synonymPhyllanthus niruri var. baronianus (Leandri) Leandri, nom. inval.
synonymPhyllanthus niruri var. scabrellus (Webb) Müll.Arg.
synonymPhyllanthus niruroides var. madagascariensis Leandri, nom. inval.
synonymPhyllanthus scabrellus Webb
synonymPhyllanthus swartzii Kostel.
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Phyllanthus
Hin
  • Jar amla
Hindi
  • Jar Amla
Irula
  • Kirunelli
Kannada
  • Nillanelli
Malayalam
  • Keezhanelli
  • Keezharnelli
  • Kiruthaanelli
  • Kizhaanelli
  • Kizhar Nelli
  • Kizhukanelli
Other
  • Carry Me Seed
  • Kirunelli
  • Kizha-nelli
Tamil
  • Kizhaanelli
  • Kizhar Nelli
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Brief
Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Herb
Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
Contributors 
D. Narasimhan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Diagnostic Keys
    Description
    Habit: A small prostrate herb, upto 50cm.
    Keystone Foundation
    Attributions Keystone Foundation
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Erect herbs to 30 cm tall. Leaves 6-8 x 3-4 mm, oblong, base unequal sided, apex obtuse to acute, lower surface glaucous; stipules lanceolate, scarious. Male flowers towards tip of branchlets, solitary, axillary; tepals 5, ovate; stamens 3, exserted; filaments connate; disc of 5 glands. Female flowers c. 1.5 mm across; tepals 5, oblong; ovary globose; style erect, recurved; pedicel to 2 mm long. Capsule c. 2 mm across, globose. Seeds 6, trigonous, vertically muriculate.
      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Habit: Herb
        G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
        Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          No Data
          📚 Natural History
          Cyclicity
          Flowering and fruiting: July-October
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            Morphology
            Flower

            In axillary, solitary or clustered, minute; greenish-white. Flowering throughout the year.

            Fruit

            A dry capsule, dehiscent; seeds 6, vertically muriculate. Fruiting throughout the year.

            Field tips

            Branchlets resemble pinnate leaves. Male flower with 5 disc glands.

            Leaf Arrangement

            Alternate-distichous

            Leaf Type

            Simple

            Leaf Shape

            Oblong

            Leaf Apex

            Obtuse-apiculate

            Leaf Base

            Obtuse

            Leaf Margin

            Entire

            Keystone Foundation
            Attributions Keystone Foundation
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Miscellaneous Details
              Notes: Plains, Moist Localities, Naturalized, Native of Tropical America
              G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                No Data
                📚 Habitat and Distribution
                General Habitat
                Common in arable or fallow lands. Found in the plains upto 900m. NAtive of America and now across the tropics.
                Keystone Foundation
                Attributions Keystone Foundation
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  Degraded moist deciduous, forest plantations and also in plains
                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Description
                    Foundin the agricutural fields and fallow fields from plains to 900m. Common. Native of tropical America, now widely naturalized in the tropics.
                    Keystone Foundation
                    Attributions Keystone Foundation
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Global Distribution

                      Tropics

                      Indian distribution

                      State - Kerala, District/s: All Districts

                      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Kerala: All districts Tamil Nadu: All districts
                        G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          No Data
                          📚 Occurrence
                          No Data
                          📚 Uses and Management
                          Uses

                          System of Medicines Used In

                          Ayurveda
                          Ayurveda
                          Folk medicine
                          Folk medicine
                          Siddha
                          Siddha
                          System Of Medicines Used In

                          Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Siddha

                          FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1645
                          Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1645
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            The leaves possess an active principle `Phyllanthin' which helps alleviate jaundice.
                            Keystone Foundation
                            Attributions Keystone Foundation
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              Medicinal
                              Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                              Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                              Contributors 
                              Status UNDER_CREATION
                              Licenses CC_BY
                              References 
                                Folklore
                                Indigenous Information: The whole plant is used to treat jaundice.
                                Keystone Foundation
                                Attributions Keystone Foundation
                                Contributors 
                                Status UNDER_CREATION
                                Licenses CC_BY
                                References 
                                  No Data
                                  📚 Information Listing
                                  References
                                  1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1645
                                  1. Phyllanthus fraternus auct. non Webster 1955; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 371. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 345. 1985.
                                  2. Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. in C.F. Schumacher, Besk. Guin. Pl. 421. 1827; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 264. 1982; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 424. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 365. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 729. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 435. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 423. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 334. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 10. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 412. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 292. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 635. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 377. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 288. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 296. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 616. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 452. 2005; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 386. 2007; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 646. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 749. 2009.
                                  3. Phyllanthus niruri sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 298. 1887, non L. 1753; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1290(903). 1925.
                                  1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987
                                  Information Listing > References
                                  1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=1645
                                  2. Phyllanthus fraternus auct. non Webster 1955; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 371. 1984; Ansari, Fl. Kasaragod Div. 345. 1985.
                                  3. Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Thonn. in C.F. Schumacher, Besk. Guin. Pl. 421. 1827; Manilal & Sivar., Fl. Calicut 264. 1982; Ramach. & V.J. Nair, Fl. Cannanore Dist. 424. 1988; Antony, Syst. Stud. Fl. Kottayam Dist. 365. 1989; Babu, Fl. Malappuram Dist. 729. 1990; Vajr., Fl. Palghat Dist. 435. 1990; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 423. 1994; Subram., Fl. Thenmala Div. 334. 1995; Sasidh. et al., Bot. Stud. Med. Pl. Kerala 10. 1996; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 412. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 292. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 635. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 377. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 288. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 296. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 616. 2002; Anil Kumar et al., Fl. Pathanamthitta 452. 2005; N.P.Balakr. & Chakrab., Fam. Euphorbiaceae India 386. 2007; Sunil & Sivadasan, Fl. Alappuzha Dist. 646. 2009; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 749. 2009.
                                  4. Phyllanthus niruri sensu Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 298. 1887, non L. 1753; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1290(903). 1925.
                                  5. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987

                                  Breeding behaviour of the Coromandel Damselfly Ceriagrion coromandelianum (Fabricius) (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) in central India: copulation

                                  Journal of Threatened Taxa

                                  Foliicolous fungi on medicinal plants in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India

                                  Journal of Threatened Taxa

                                  STUDY OF DIVERSITY OF ETHNOBOTANICAL PLANTS USED BY THE MISHING TRIBES OF GOLAGHAT DISTRICT, ASSAM AND THEIR CONSERVATION

                                  Mayur Bawri

                                  Wild edible plants of Hassan District, Karnataka: A role in ayurvedic formulation

                                  Dr. G. M. Prashanth Kumar

                                  Documentation of Wild Leafy Vegetables of Hassan District, Karnataka

                                  Dr. G. M. Prashanth Kumar

                                  Ecology and conservation status of canebrakes in Warangal District of Andhra Pradesh, India

                                  Journal of Threatened Taxa
                                  No Data
                                  📚 Meta data
                                  No Data
                                  🐾 Taxonomy
                                  RootRoot
                                  KingdomPlantae
                                  PhylumTracheophyta
                                  ClassEquisetopsida C. Agardh
                                  OrderMalpighiales Juss. ex Bercht. & J. Presl
                                  FamilyPhyllanthaceae
                                  GenusPhyllanthus
                                  SpeciesPhyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn.
                                  📊 Temporal Distribution
                                  📷 Related Observations
                                  👥 Groups
                                  India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                                  The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                                  PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                                  Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
                                  Powered byBiodiversity Informatics Platform - v4.2.1
                                  Technology PartnerStrand Life Sciences