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Antiaris toxicaria

Accepted
Antiaris toxicaria Leaves
Antiaris toxicaria Leaves
Antiaris toxicaria Leaves
🗒 Synonyms
No Data
🗒 Common Names
English
  • Upas tree
Malayalam
  • Aranjelli
  • Aranjili
  • Aranthal
  • Arayannali
  • Chilapettamaram
  • Karanjili
  • Maravuri
  • Nettavil
Other
  • Aranthal
  • Aranthelli
  • Jasund
  • Mara-uri
  • Maravuri
  • Nettavil
Tamil
  • Aranthelli
  • Mara-uri
📚 Overview
Overview
Summary
Emergent trees in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, up to 1200 m.
B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
Attributions B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
Contributors 
ayyappan Narayanan
Status UNDER_CREATION
Licenses CC_BY
References 
    Brief
    Flowering class: Dicot Habit: Tree
    Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
    Contributors 
    Status UNDER_CREATION
    Licenses CC_BY
    References 
      Diagnostic Keys
      Description
      Habit

      Large buttressesed, deciduous trees up to 50 m tall.

      Trunk & Bark

      Bark greyish-white, smooth, pustular lenticels in vertical rows; blaze brownish.

      Branches and branchlets

      Young branchlets terete, tomentose, later glabrous.

      Exudates

      Latex watery or milky.

      Leaves

      Leaves simple, alternate, distichous, stipules small, connate, caducous, leaving scar; petiole 0.3-0.8 cm long, pubescent; lamina to 6.5-15 x 2.5-5 cm, elliptic-oblong, apex obtusely acuminate, base rounded or cordate, margin entire or distantly crenulate, young leaves hairy on both sides, later glabrous and scabrous beneath; midrib raised above; secondary nerves 8-10 pairs; tertiary nerves reticulo-percurrent.

      Inflorescence / Flower

      Flowers unisexual; male flowers greenish yellow, in axillary peduncled spikes; female flowers solitary axillary.

      Fruit and Seed

      Drupe, fleshy, pyriform or obovoid, scarlet; seed 1.

      B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
      Attributions B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
      Contributors 
      Status UNDER_CREATION
      Licenses CC_BY
      References 
        Habit: Tree
        G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
        Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
        Contributors 
        Status UNDER_CREATION
        Licenses CC_BY
        References 
          Lofty deciduous trees, to 50 m high; bole buttressed; bark 10-15 mm thick greyish-white, smooth, pustular-lenticellate, lenticels in vertical rows; blaze creamy white; exudation watery or milky. Leaves simple, alternate, bifarious; stipule small, lateral, connate, cauducous; petiole 3-8 mm long, stout, velvety; lamina 6.5-15 x 2.5-5 cm, oblong, elliptic-oblong or ovate-oblong, base round, obtuse or cordate, apex acuminate or obtusely acuminate, margin entire or distantly crenulate, coriaceous, glabrous, scabrous beneath; lateral nerves 6-11 pairs, parallel, looped near the margin, prominent, intercostae reticulate, faint. Flowers unisexual, greenish-yellow, minute, in spikes; male receptacle to 1.5 cm across, axillary, 3-4 together, tomentose; peduncle velvety; receptacle surrounded by imbricating bracts; tepals 3 or 4, spathulate, imbricate; stamens 3-8; filaments erect; anthers yellow; female flowers solitary in an involucre of few connate bracts, tepals absent; ovary superior, adnate to the involucre, 1-celled, ovule 1, pendulous; style arms 2, subulate, recurved. Fruit a drupe, 1.5-2.5 x 1-2 cm, pyriform or obovoid, fleshy, scarlet, velvety; seed 10-16 mm long.
          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
          Contributors 
          Status UNDER_CREATION
          Licenses CC_BY
          References 
            No Data
            📚 Natural History
            Cyclicity
            Flowering and fruiting: January-April
            Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
            Contributors 
            Status UNDER_CREATION
            Licenses CC_BY
            References 
              Morphology

              Growth Form

              Tree
              Tree
              Ecology
              Emergent trees in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, up to 1200 m.
              B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
              Attributions B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
              Contributors 
              Status UNDER_CREATION
              Licenses CC_BY
              References 
                Miscellaneous Details
                Notes: Western Ghats, Moist Deciduous to Evergreen Forests
                G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                Contributors 
                Status UNDER_CREATION
                Licenses CC_BY
                References 
                  No Data
                  📚 Habitat and Distribution
                  General Habitat
                  Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, also in the sacred groves
                  Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                  Contributors 
                  Status UNDER_CREATION
                  Licenses CC_BY
                  References 
                    Description
                    Maharashtra: Sindhudurg Karnataka: Chikmagalur, Coorg, N. Kanara, S. Kanara Kerala: Idukki, Kollam, Malapuram, Palakkad, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore, Tiruchchirappalli
                    G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Attributions G. Renu, Sanjana Julias Thilakar, D. Narasimhan, Centre for Floristic Research, Department of Botany, Madras Christian College, Tambaram
                    Contributors 
                    Status UNDER_CREATION
                    Licenses CC_BY
                    References 
                      Global Distribution

                      Paleotropics

                      Indian distribution

                      State - Kerala, District/s: Palakkad, Idukki, Kollam, Malappuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Thrissur, Wayanad, Kannur

                      Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                      Contributors 
                      Status UNDER_CREATION
                      Licenses CC_BY
                      References 
                        Paleotropics; in the Western Ghats- South and Central Sahyadris.
                        B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
                        Attributions B. R. Ramesh, N. Ayyappan, Pierre Grard, Juliana Prosperi, S. Aravajy, Jean Pierre Pascal, The Biotik Team, French Institute of Pondicherry.
                        Contributors 
                        Status UNDER_CREATION
                        Licenses CC_BY
                        References 
                          No Data
                          📚 Occurrence
                          No Data
                          📚 Uses and Management
                          Uses

                          System of Medicines Used In

                          Ayurveda
                          Ayurveda
                          Folk medicine
                          Folk medicine
                          Siddha
                          Siddha
                          Medicinal
                          Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                          Attributions Dr. N Sasidharan (Dr. B P Pal Fellow), Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi
                          Contributors 
                          Status UNDER_CREATION
                          Licenses CC_BY
                          References 
                            System Of Medicines Used In

                            Ayurveda, Folk medicine, Siddha

                            FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=200
                            Attributions FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants: http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=200
                            Contributors 
                            Status UNDER_CREATION
                            Licenses CC_BY
                            References 
                              No Data
                              📚 Information Listing
                              References
                              1. Antiaris toxicaria Lesch., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 16: 478, t.22. 1820; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 537. 1888; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1367(957). 1928; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 376. 1984; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 430. 1994; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 425. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 300. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 658. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 389. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 295. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 307. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 624. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 766. 2009.
                              1. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Fischer 1921
                              1. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=200
                              Information Listing > References
                              1. Antiaris toxicaria Lesch., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 16: 478, t.22. 1820; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 537. 1888; Gamble, Fl. Pres. Madras 1367(957). 1928; Mohanan, Fl. Quilon Dist. 376. 1984; M. Mohanan & Henry, Fl. Thiruvanthapuram 430. 1994; Sasidh. & Sivar., Fl. Pl. Thrissur For. 425. 1996; Sasidh., Fl. Shenduruny WLS 300. 1997; Sivar. & Mathew, Fl. Nilambur 658. 1997; Sasidh., Fl. Periyar Tiger Reserve 389. 1998; Sasidh., Fl. Chinnar WLS 295. 1999; Sasidh., Fl. Parambikulam WLS 307. 2002; Mohanan & Sivad., Fl. Agasthyamala 624. 2002; Ratheesh Narayanan, Fl. Stud. Wayanad Dist. 766. 2009.
                              2. Flora of Tamil Nadu, VOL. II, 1987; Fischer 1921
                              3. D K Ved, Suma Tagadur Sureshchandra, Vijay Barve, Vijay Srinivas, Sathya Sangeetha, K. Ravikumar, Kartikeyan R., Vaibhav Kulkarni, Ajith S. Kumar, S.N. Venugopal, B. S. Somashekhar, M.V. Sumanth, Noorunissa Begum, Sugandhi Rani, Surekha K.V., and Nikhil Desale. 2016. (envis.frlht.org / frlhtenvis.nic.in). FRLHT's ENVIS Centre on Medicinal Plants, Bengaluru. http://envis.frlht.org/plant_details.php?disp_id=200

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                              The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma- Moths ( Vol IV)

                              Thomas Vattakaven

                              CEPF-ATREE smallgrant program report 2011 - ACTIndia

                              cepfrit

                              Amitha Bachan Final Completion Report with Addendum and Annexures

                              cepfrit
                              No Data
                              📚 Meta data
                              No Data
                              🐾 Taxonomy
                              RootRoot
                              KingdomPlantae
                              PhylumTracheophyta
                              ClassMagnoliopsida
                              OrderRosales
                              FamilyMoraceae
                              GenusAntiaris
                              SpeciesAntiaris toxicaria
                              📊 Temporal Distribution
                              📷 Related Observations
                              👥 Groups
                              India Biodiversity PortalIndia Biodiversity Portal
                              TreesIndiaTreesIndia
                              The Western GhatsThe Western Ghats
                              PlantsIndiaPlantsIndia
                              Medicinal PlantsMedicinal Plants
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