1001 abstractbook bookofabstracts by Hasan Ibrahim Kozan

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 798

IN-VITRO GLYCEMIC INDEX DETERMINATION OF SOURDOUGH BREADS PREPARED BY USING SOURDOUGHS COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS OF TURKEY 1

EZGI ŞENOL , MUSTAFA YAMAN , M. ZEKI DURAK

ABSTRACT Bread is of great importance for diet of Turkish people. Especially white bread is one of the most consumed foods with its high glycemic index (GI). As known, white sourdough bread or sourdough bread containing different rate of dietary fibers has lower GI than white bread. The aim of this study was to collect traditional sourdough samples from different regions of Turkey and determine the GI of sourdough breads made from these sourdoughs. For this purpose, 5 different traditional sourdoughs were obtained: 4 different homemade white sourdoughs (Oğuzlu (O), Kastamonu (K), Lüleburgaz (L), Afyon/ Bolvadin 2 (B2)) and 1 commercial whole wheat sourdough, Safranbolu Yıldız Fırını (SYF). Sourdough breads were prepared using the dough of these samples with their own flour and long timed-cold fermentation (18h). Then GI values of the prepared sourdough breads were evaluated by using an in vitro method based on Goni–assay calculating the GI by measuring rate of starch digestion. A similar glycemic response was observed for sourdough breads except whole wheat sourdough bread. O, K, L, B2, SYF had GI of 50.05±0.3, 51.8±1.65, 50±0.5, 51±0.5 and 46.5 ±0.5, respectively. Compared to the control (White bread, GI: 70), the GI of sourdough breads was found low (<55). There was no significant difference among the GI values of white sourdough breads collected from different regions. The difference of SYF was thought to stem from dieatary fiber. There was a negative correlation between the GI value and sourdough - dietary fiber. According the results, the ability of breads to lower GI was affected by sourdough, dieatry fiber and long timed-cold fermentation.

KEYWORDS in vitro glycemic index, sourdough, dietary fiber, fermentation temperature

Corresponding Author: M. ZEKİ DURAK, mzdurak@yildiz.edu.tr 1 YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 İSTANBU ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ

891

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 799

CHEMICAL COMPONENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF NEST MATERIALS DOLICHOVESPULA SAXONICA 1

ÖMER ERTÜRK , CEREN YAVUZ , ZEYNEP KOLÖREN

ABSTRACT Social wasp nests serve as a place for rearing brood and the centre for their nesting activities [1,2]. Wasps collect plants, woody fibers, mud, which they masticate and mix with oral secretion to construct the nest with a variety of architectural design [1]. This salivary secretion is also used to physically maintain their nests. In the present study, were determinated the antimicrobial effects of bee nest samples obtained from East Black Sea Region. The nest of D. saxonica collected in Trabzon during July-August 2015 Region of East Black Sea. Larvae, pupae and eggs were removed from the nest. Small fragments were cut from the comb for observation. The nests were stored in the Entomology Laboratory at Biology Department of Ordu University. The antimicrobial effects of bee nest sample was determined with disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of bee nest samples was studied using ten microorganisms. Three gram-positive: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC®25923, Micrococcus luteus B1018, Basillus subtillis B209, and five gram negative: Proteus vulgaris B123, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC®13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC®27853, Streptomyces murinus ISP 5091, Yersina enterocolitica ATCC®27729, and two fungus ATCC®10231, Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642. The antibacterial activity of diluted with ethanol five fraction nest was assayed in vitro by agar disc diffusion method against 8 bacterial and 2 fungi species. The five dilute nest ethanol extract showed Antibacterial antifungal activity. On the other hand, ethanol extracts of almost all the nest exhibited antibacterial antifungal activity towards one or another bacterium against to all of microorganism used in this study. The maximum antibacterial antifungal activity was shown by diluted 25 µL (2.5 mg) of nest extracts 20 µL (2 mg), followed by and 15 µL (1.5mg), respectively. In conclusion, beeswax nest extracts possess a broad spectrum of activity against a panel of bacteria responsible for the most common bacterial diseases. Key words: Dolichovespula saxonica, antimicrobial activity

KEYWORDS Dolichovespula saxonica, antimicrobial activity

Corresponding Author: CEREN YAVUZ, ceren.yavuz@amasya.edu.tr 1 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

892

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 800

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SOME EUPHORBIA SPECIES BY USING GC/MS 1

İSMAIL YENER , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , SERKAN YIĞITKAN , MURAT YOLCU , HILAL SARUHAN FIDAN , ESRA 2 6 7 8 9 YARIŞ , YETER YEŞIL , MEHMET ÖZTÜRK , HAMDI TEMEL , UFUK KOLAK

ABSTRACT Euphorbia genus have been investigated for a long time in view of different specialities, like more energy content as alternative source of hydrocarbons, laticifers , phytochemicals and systematics. Mediterranean Euphorbia species have been the object of various studies and they have been proposed as potential renewable sources of unsaturated and uncommon fatty acids. Euphorbia genus patterns has been found to include chemotaxonomically important myrsinane diterpenoids and cycloartane triterpenoids. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition of petroleum ether extracts of Euphorbia aleppica, E. eriophora, E. grisophylla, E. seguiriana subsp. seguiriana, E. craspedia, E. denticulata and E. fistulosa. E. aleppica, E. eriophora, E. grisophylla, E. seguiriana subsp. seguiriana, E. craspedia, E. denticulata and E. fistulosa species were collected from Turkey (Diyarbakır, Diyarbakır, Van, Diyarbakır, Mardin, Kayseri and Diyarbakır, respectively) and identified by Mehmet Fırat (Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Education, Department of Biology). Powdered form of the whole plant material was weighed (100 g) and macerated three times with petroleum ether (250 mL each) at 25 ºC for 24 hours. Esterification of the petroleum ether extract and GC/MS procedures were applied as described by Ertas et al . Thermo Scientific Polaris Q GC-MS/MS instrument was used. The major fatty acid components were identified as 17-tetratriactonen (31.59%) for E. aleppica, palmitic acid (43.83%) for E. eriophora, hexatriasontan (52.32%) for E. grisophylla, 17-tetratriactonen (19.86%) for E. seguiriana subsp. seguiriana linoleic acid (40.52%) for E. craspedia, 17-tetratriactonen (64.75%) for E. denticulata and hexatriasontan (38.13%) for E. fistulosa.

KEYWORDS Euphorbia, Fatty acid, GC-MS

Corresponding Author: SERKAN YİĞİTKAN, syigitkan@hotmail.com 1 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKİR 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR 3 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL BOTANY, DİYARBAKIR 4 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL TOXİCOLOGY 5 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİSTRY 6 ISTANBUL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL BOTANY 7 MUGLA SITKI KOCMAN UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY 8 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL CHEMİSTRY 9 ISTANBUL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL AND ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, ISTANBUL

893

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 801

DETERMINATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS OF THYMUS PRAECOX OPIZ. SSP. GROSSHEIMII PLANT BY USING ON-LINE HPLC-FRAP METHOD 1

NESIBE ARSLAN BURNAZ , MURAT KÜÇÜK , KAMIL COŞKUNÇELEBİ

ABSTRACT Thymus praecox OPIZ ssp. grossheimii (Ronniger) Jalas, which is an aromatic plant with its own odor, is used for therapeutic purposes. It is a thyme species and is known as the "yayla çayı" in the Surmene, county of Trabzon, in Turkey. It is consumed as herbal tea because of its appetizing, digestion facilitating and nervous relaxing effects. It also has antimicrobial and antioxidant effects and is uses in cases of colds. In this study, FRAP (Fe (III) reduction antioxidant power) assays were performed by spectrophotometric (off-line) and on-line HPLC methods in yayla çayı extracts prepared in six different solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and acetonitrile). By the developed post-column HPLC-FRAP method, separation and antioxidant activity determination were performed simultaneously. In the course of method development with HPLC, fifteen phenolic acid standards were used (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, p-OH benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, p-coumaric acid, syringic aldehyde, benzoic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and rosmarinic acid). When chromatograms of yayla çayı extracts in different solvents were examined, the most phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, p-OH benzoic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid) were detected in the aqueous extract of yayla çayı. In addition, when the spectrophotometric (off-line) iron (III) reduction potential values of 1:10 diluted samples of yayla çayı extracts were compared in μM FRAP and μM TEAC, especially the iron (III) reduction antioxidant power value (1501 μM FRAP, 590 μM TEAC) of aqueous extract was found significantly higher than the others. The fact that this plant is consumed as a tea brewed with water among the people and shows highest activity in aqueous extract makes consumption of yayla çayı become important (*). *This work reflects a part of the doctoral thesis prepared in Karadeniz Technical University, Institute of Science, Department of Chemistry and was supported by Scientific Research Project of KTU. Project No. 666 (2008111.02.5).

KEYWORDS on-line HPLC, spectrophotometric, FRAP, different solvents, antioxidant

Corresponding Author: NESİBE ARSLAN BURNAZ, nsbburnaz@gmail.com 1 GÜMÜŞHANE ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

894

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 802

DETERMINATION OF ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF PRUNUS LAUROCERASUS EXTRACT ON STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED EXPERIMENTAL TYPE I DIABETIC RATS 1

HAMIT USLU , GÖZDE ATİLA , MUSA KARAMAN

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is diagnosed with hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia can adversely effect various organs like as eyes, kidneys, liver, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. The existing drugs are not treating diabetes only in the prevention of complications. Nowadays researchers are directed to find new sources due to the lack of certain treatment of diabetes. For this reason herbal sources have begun to be preferred because of the less or no side effects. The extract used in this study was obtained from Prunus laurocerasus leafs. Prunus laurocerasus is a member of the Rosaceae family which is known wild cherry or chery laurel. This plant is mostly spread on during the coast of the Black Sea region of Turkey and is locally called Taflan or Karayemiş. This species is also well known as a traditional medicine in northern side of Anatolia; the leave extract is used in the therapy of coughs, hemorrhoids, eczemas, asthma, digestive system complaints as well as in the treatment of stomach ulcers. In northern Anatolia, the fruits and seeds of Cherry laurel are used against Diabetes mellitus and its complications widely on the grounds that useful in among to local people. In this study, we aimed to determine effect of administering oral Cherry laurel leaf extract and subcutaneous insulin for 28 days on fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and oxidative stress. It was determined that Prunus laurocerasus plant has antioxidant properties in vitro total phenolic component, nitric oxide scavenging and iron reduction tests. A total of 60 Spraque-Dawley rats, aged 2 months, divided into 6 groups including 10 animals, were used. Groups were consist of normoglycemic control group, diabetic control group, 500 mg/kg (PL500), 1000 mg/kg (PL1000), 1500 mg/kg (PL1500) leaf extract administrating groups and insulin group (2IU). The rats were defined as type I diabetic if the fasting blood glucose levels were higher than 200 mg/dL after 72 hours of Streptozotocin administration. Blood glucose levels in insulin-treated group significantly decreased from day 7th (p<0.05). At the end of study blood glucose levels of PL500, PL1000 and PL1500 groups lower than diabetic control group, though this reduction was not significant (p>0.05). HbA1c levels significantly increased (p<0.05) as serum insulin levels decreased (p<0.001) in the diabetic control group. However no significant change in both insulin and HbA1c levels in the experimental group (p>0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels increased in both the liver and kidney tissues (p<0.05, p<0.001 respectively), while catalase (CAT) (p≤0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p<0.001, p<0.05 respectively) levels decrease significantly in the diabetic control group compared to Corresponding Author: HAMİT USLU, hamit_uslu@hotmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CARE SERVİCES, ATATÜRK VOCATİONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVİCES, UNİVERSİTY OF KAFKAS 2 DEPARTMENT OF PHSİOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERİNARY MEDİCİNE, UNİVERSİTY OF KAFKAS 3 DEPARTMENT OF PATHOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERİNARY MEDİCİNE, UNİVERSİTY OF BALIKESİR

895

normoglycemic control group. Despite significant reduction of TBARS levels in kidney tissue at the end of substances use (pâ&#x2030;¤0.001), this reduction was observed only in the liver of the insulin group (p<0.05).SOD enzyme levels of the PL500, PL1000, PL1500, and of the insulin groups were significantly higher than the liver (p<0.01) and kidney (pâ&#x2030;¤0.001) tissues of the diabetic control group. CAT enzyme levels in liver (p<0.05) and kidney (p<0.01) tissues were increased by insulin administration, but the changes in other groups were not significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, Prunus laurocerasus has not been a significant effect on hyperglycemia, HbA1c and insulin levels in diabetes, but it has been determined that to be effective in reducing oxidative damage by decreasing TBARS levels and increasing SOD levels.

KEYWORDS Prunus laurocerasus, Type I Diabetes mellitus, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant

896

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 803

LAVENDER ESSENTIAL OIL IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 1

ENES BULUT , DİLEK ÇİLİNGİR , CEYDA UZUN ŞAHİN

ABSTRACT Patients take health care due to their health problems. In health care process, people get medical treatment and/or surgical treatment. Because they think that they will have high level of pain and they will die due to operation, especially in surgical treatment people are anxious. Also, because there are invasive approaches, enfection risk is available. These problems increase the hospitalization time and healt care costs. Also they effect negatively the quality of health of people. To eliminate these possible situations, drugs have different effects are used. But using many drugs cause liver dysfunction. To hinder this, today complementary therapies are used commonly. Aromatherapy is one of these therapies. In this therapy, essential oils extracted from aromatic plants are used. These oils can be applied by inhalation, topical or massage. Lavender essential oil is well known. This essential oil has different properties. Some of these properties are antiseptic, antifungal, sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic activity. In the literature, it is seen that lavender essential oil is used for different aims and it has positive effects. Soltani et al. (2013) found that aromatherapy with lavender essential oil was effective to decrease the number of required analgesics after tonsillectomy. Ghods et al. (2015) stated that topical application of lavender essential oil decreased intensity of pain related to dialysis needles. In an other study conducted with patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, Bikmoradi et al. (2015) found that lavender aromatherapy decreased the systolic blood pressure. Also Vakilian et al. (2011) stated that lavender was superior to povidone-iodine for episiotomy wound care. As seen in the studies, lavender essential oil is important in managing the symtoms which can be seen in health care. By generalizing this therapy, a qualified care can be provided to patients. For this, more scientific meetings should be organized and people should be informed.

KEYWORDS aromatherapy, clinical, essential oil, lavender

Corresponding Author: ENES BULUT, ebulut61ts@hotmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ 2 RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

897

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 804

NORHARMANE PRODUCTION OF ANABAENA ORYZAE UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT CONDITIONS 1

TÜNAY KARAN , RAMAZAN ERENLER

ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes found in all around the world including the extreme condition. Cyanobacteria have been accepted as one of the most promising groups of organisms having biologically active natural products. Herein, Anabaena oryzae was collected from freshwater and was isolated under inverted microscope. Identification was carried out by morphologically. The isolated Anabaena oryzae was cultivated in BG11 nutrient medium. The different temperature and light conditions were executed at 15 °C and 35 °C at the irradiation of 1896 lux and 4300 lux. The norharmane production was determined by HPLC using the C18 120 A reverse phase column. Based on the results, the amount of norharmane at 15 °C and 1896 lux, 15 °C and 4300 lux, 35 °C and 1896 lux, 35 °C and 4300 lux were 0.231, 0.268, 2.741, 1.016 µg/g respectively.

KEYWORDS Anabaena oryzae, norharmane, HPLC, light, temperature

Corresponding Author: TÜNAY KARAN, biyo_tunay@hotmail.com 1 GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

898

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 805

EVALUATION OF PULPS OF THE FRAGRANT JUNIPER (JUNIPERUS FOETIDISSIMA) CONES USED FOR PRODUCTION IN THE ISPARTA REGION 1

HASAN ASLANCAN , İSMET DOKUR , RAFET SARIBAŞ , NAZLI ÖZGÜ

ABSTRACT Total forest area in our country is 21,678,134 ha and it is constitutes 27.6 % of our total land size. Approximately 4.29 % (958.423 hectares) of this area constitutes the junipers that have the potential to use as a non-wood forest product. In our country, especially Eğirdir Forest Nursery, Forest Nursery Directorates collect an average of 85 tons of cones every year and about 5 million fragrant juniper (Juniperus foetidissima) saplings produced from these cones. During this production, about 20 tons of seeded cone emerged and this pulp completely discarded. In this study, the evaluation possibilities of the Fragrant Juniper (Juniperus foetidissima) pulp as a non-wood forest product investigated. In the study, it was determined that the fragrant Juniper (Juniperus foetidissima) cone pulp contained about 2% volatile oil. It found that about 400 liters of juniper volatile oil could obtained annually when about 20 tons of pulp produced.

KEYWORDS Non-wood forest product , Juniperus foetidissima, essential oil, essential oil component.

Corresponding Author: HASAN ASLANCAN, hasan.aslancan@tarim.gov.tr 1 MEYVECİLİK ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ EĞİRDİR / ISPARTA 2 EĞİRDİR ORMAN FİDANLIĞI MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ - ISPARTA

899

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 806

ISOLATION OF AXILLARIN FROM TANACETUM ALYSSIFOLIUM AND DETERMINATION OF ANTICANSEROGEN AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES 1

TE D

SAMED ŞIMŞEK , EKREM KÖKSAL , MUSTAFA ÇATIR , ALI RIZA TÜFEKÇI , İBRAHIM DEMIRTAŞ

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to isolate the available secondary metabolites in Tanacetum alyssifolium plants by column chromatography and determine their structures with spectroscopic methods. It was also aimed to examine the antioxidant and anticanserogen properties of Tanacetum alyssifolium. For this purpose, Tanacetum alyssifolium plants was collected from the foothills of Munzur Mountains in Erzincan province and dried at room temperature. The upper part of ground plant was extracted with ethyl acetate/ butanol solvent system. The ethyl acetate extract was subjected to the procedure of column chromatography. The structure of the isolated compound with column chromatography method was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, HPLCTOF). The isolated compound was determined as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3,6dimethoxy-4H-chromene-4-on (axillarin). The antioxidant capacity of the isolated compound was evaluated with CUPRAC method and DPPH radical scavenging activity tests, respectively. Trolox was used as standard antioxidant. In terms of the iron (Fe+3) reduce ability, axillarin compound was found to have more reduction potential than standard trolox and when compared the cupper (Cu+2) reduce ability, axillarin compound displayed less reduction potential. However, axillarin and trolox showed close results in terms of DPPH radical scavenging capacities. For anticanserogen tests, 3 different concentrations of axillarin compound were prepared and applied to HeLa cells in order to determine the concentration at which the maximal activity was shown. The highest anticanserogen activity was observed at 50 µg/mL and reached at 43 hours.

KEYWORDS

Tanacetum alyssifolium, isolation anticancerogen activity, antioxidant activity

Corresponding Author: EKREM KÖKSAL, koksalekrem@gmail.com 1 ERZİNCAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ÇANKIRI KARATEKİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

900

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 807

THE EFFECTS OF TARAXACUM OFFICINALE EXTRACT ON HYPERLIPIDEMIA, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND VASCULAR CONTRACTION–RELAXATION RESPONSES IN EXPERIMENTAL TYPE II DIABETES 1

HAMIT USLU , GÖZDE ATİLA , EMIN ŞENGÜL , VOLKAN GELEN , DINÇER ERDAĞ , MUSTAFA MAKAV

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a very important health problem increasing day by day in the world. This disease negatively affects of the entire body, especially the cardiovascular system. Nowadays, there is no drug that treats diabetes precisely; for this reason scientists to search for new sources of may be effective on diabetes and its complications. Taraxacum officinale, a member of the Asteraceae family, its expressed that to be effective in the treatment of disorders such as upper respiratory tract infections, jaundice, anemia, fever, eye problems, gastrointestinal problems, eczema in traditional medicine. There are also expressions that Taraxacum officinale may have an impact on the complications of diabetes. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of administering oral Taraxacum officinale extract and metformin for 30 days on the hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress and vascular contraction– relaxation responses in type II diabetic rats. Taraxacum officinale plant was collected from Trabzon province and then extracted with ethanol using soxhlet method. It was determined that Taraxacum officinale plant has antioxidant properties in vitro total phenolic component, nitric oxide scavenging and iron reduction tests. In this study a total of 50 Spraque Dawley male rats, aged 3 months, divided into 5 groups including 10 animals, were used. Groups were consist of normoglycemic control (NC), extract (E) (50 mg/kg), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + extract (D + E) (50 mg/kg) and diabetic + metformin (D + M) (1000 mg/kg). Rats with fasting blood glucose levels of ≥ 200 mg/dL 7 days after nicotinamide + streptozotocin injection were defined as type II diabetics. Serum HDL, LDL and triglyceride levels were determined by commercial ELISA kits. MDA, GSH and GPx analyzes were performed spectrophotometrically in homogenizates obtained from heart and aortic tissues. Furthermore, thoracic aorta tissues were used for take values of phenylephrine (PE 10-9–10-5 M) induced contraction acetylcholine (ACh 10-8–10-5 M) induced relaxation in the isolated organ bath. The triglyceride level decreased significantly in the D+E (p<0.05) and D+M (p<0.001) groups compared to the DC group. LDL cholesterol level increased, while HDL cholesterol level decreased significantly in the DC group (p<0.01). Although there were some positive changes in HDL and LDL cholesterol levels of D+E and D+M groups, this changes was not significant (p>0.05). The MDA level of aortic tissue was significantly elevated in the DC group (p<0.01), but this result did not change with substance applications (p>0.05). There was no change in the MDA levels of heart tissue among groups Corresponding Author: HAMİT USLU, hamit_uslu@hotmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH CARE SERVİCES, ATATÜRK VOCATİONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVİCES, UNİVERSİTY OF KAFKAS 2 DEPARTMENT OF PHSİOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERİNARY MEDİCİNE, UNİVERSİTY OF KAFKAS 3 DEPARTMENT OF PHSİOLOGY, FACULTY OF VETERİNARY MEDİCİNE, UNİVERSİTY OF ATATÜRK 4 DEPARTMENT OF MEDİCAL SERVİCES AND TECHNİQUES, ATATURK HEALTH VOCATİONAL SCHOOL, UNİVERSİTY OF KAFKAS

901

(p>0.05). GSH levels were significantly elevated in the D+E (p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively) and D+M (p<0.01) groups in both the heart and the aortic tissues compared to the DC group. Although GPx level of the DC group was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in aorta there was no change in the diabetic trial groups (p>0.05). GPx level did not change in heart tissue of the DC group (p>0.05), but it was significantly increased in the D+M group (p<0.001). In the thoracic aorta induced with ACh (10-5 M) values of relaxation were significantly lower in the DC group compared to other groups (p<0.05). In the thoracic aorta induced with PE (10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 M) values of concentrations were significantly high in the NC group compared to other groups (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). As a result, it was determined that Taraxacum officinale extract has significant positive effects on the lipid metabolism, antioxidant system and vessels contractionâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;relaxation mechanisms distrupted in type II diabetes.

KEYWORDS Taraxacum officinale, Type II diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Oxidative stress, Vascular contractionâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;relaxation

902

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 808

A DIFFERENT USE AREA OF AROMATIC PLANTS: LIQUID SMOKE FOR MEAT PRODUCTS 1

TE D

CEM OKAN ÖZER

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Researchers and industry in many different areas have been an increased interest in medicinal and aromatic plants in recent years. However, aromatic plants have been used in preservation of meat products by smoking process for centuries. The smoking process of meat products is one of the most ancient and important methods. Smoking process contribute flavor and color of meat products with aromatic compounds and additionally show bacteriostatic and antioxidant effect. However, from a human healthy point of view, smoking with gases is not very favorable as it generates several polyaromatic hydrocarbons that are carcinogenic compounds. Therefore, liquid smoke has been used as an alternative method to gas smoking in recent years. The organoleptic smoke properties depend on the smoke composition and therefore depend on the source from which it is produced. Some aromatic plants such as daphne, juniper, thyme and linden have used in liquid smoke. These aromatic plants provide suitable gas composition that contains some phenols, carbonyls, alcohols and organic acids for meat products. In this review study, properties and usage areas of liquid smoke produced from aromatic plant for meat industry are explained.

Aromatic plants, smoke process, meat products

Corresponding Author: CEM OKAN ÖZER, cemokanozer@nevsehir.edu.tr 1 NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ UNİVERSİTY

903

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 809

IMPORTANT FUNGAL DISEASES IN CUMIN PRODUCTION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THE DISEASE MANAGEMENT 1

GÖKSEL ÖZER , HÜSEYIN KABAKCI , GÜLSÜM PALACIOĞLU , HARUN BAYRAKTAR

ABSTRACT Cumin is an important spice plant that is widely grown in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey and commonly used in cooking and also in traditional medicine because of its essential oils. Cumin production is seriously affected by some seed-borne and soil-borne plant pathogens causing significant crop losses. Different fungi species that cause diseases were determined previously in cumin production. Fusarium wilting caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini and Alternaria blight caused by Alternaria burnsii have been identified as the most important diseases limiting the production of cumin in Turkey. In the field observations, Alternaria blight was determined as the most widespread in the periods after flowering and the losses could be up to 100% in some areas. It has been observed that F. oxysporum f.sp. cumini restricts seed germination, destroys the root systems and causes typical signs of wilting. In this study, the prevalence of the pathogens, favorable environmental conditions required for the disease epidemic and genetic structures of the pathogens were assessed. The necessary elements to be considered in the breeding studies and integrated diseases management methods to prevent possible losses have been discussed.

KEYWORDS Cumin, Alternaria blight, Fusarium wilt, Disease management

Corresponding Author: GÖKSEL ÖZER, ozer_g@ibu.edu.tr 1 ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT VE DOĞA BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, BİTKİ KORUMA BÖLÜMÜ 2 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİTKİ KORUMA BÖLÜMÜ

904

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 810

ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES, AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF LYCOPUS EUROPAEUS DETERMINED BY LC/MSMS 1

ABDÜLMELIK ARAS , EKREM KÖKSAL , HATICE TOHMA , ÖMER KILIÇ , YUSUF ALAN , İLHAMI GÜLÇIN , ERCAN 1 BURSAL

ABSTRACT Evaluation of biological activities of medicinal plants is important, because they are the largest natural source of pharmaceuticals. In the present study, we assessed antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and phenolic composition of Lycopus europaeus, (L. europaeus) which is widely known and used in medicinal treatments in different part of the globe. For Antioxidant activity of the sample, CUPRAC, FRAP and DPPH assays were utilized. For Antimicrobial activity properties, disc diffusion method was used against three Gram positive, four Gram-negative microbial species and three fungi species. Phenolic composition of L. europaeus was evaluated by LC/MS/MS technique. The result showed that water and ethanol extract of L. europaeus exhibited moderate metal reducing and DPPH radical scavenging activities compared to standard antioxidants (BHA, BHT and ascorbic acid). The sample showed the strongest antibacterial activity against the B. megaterium, K. pneumoniae and E. aerogenes, weak antibacterial activity against P. aeroginosa, S. aureus and E. coli however no antifungal activity. The HPLC-MS/MS analysis has revealed that Rosmarinic and Kaempferol are the most abundant phenolics among the studied 27 compounds. The findings of this study have could be useful for the preparation of high-value medicines and functional ingredients for foods.

KEYWORDS Lycopus europaeus, CUPRAC, FRAP, DPPH, LC/MS/MS and phenolics

Corresponding Author: ABDÜLMELİK ARAS, abadi.49@hotmail.com 1 MUŞ ALPARSLAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ERZİNCAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 4 ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

905

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 811

TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF GERANIUM MACRORRHIZUM L. (GERANIACEAE) NATURALLY FOUND IN TURKEY 1

S. ELIF KORCAN , IBRAHIM BULDUK , YASEMIN S. KARAFAKIOĞLU , MERAL ÖZTÜRK , HAVA KÖLEMEK , 1 AHMET KAHRAMAN

ABSTRACT The genus Geranium L. is taxonomically classified within the family Geraniaceae and comprises about 400 species distributed in temperate regions and tropical mountains all over the world. Turkish Geranium includes 40 species, 9 of which are endemic. G. macrorrhizum L. is mainly distributed in temperate zones of Europe, but in Turkey it is only found on the Kapıdağ Peninsula (Erdek, Balıkesir Province). This species is a perennial herbaceous plant with a stout, long, cylindrical and horizontal rhizome, orbicular leaves and erect stems with entire and magenta petals. Geranium has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments due to its therapeutic characteristics, such as anticarcinogenic, antipyretic and antiseptic in wounds. However, total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity of many species of this genus have been virtually unexplored. In this study, total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of G. macrorrhizum in Turkey were comprehensively investigated for the first time. The level of total phenols in methanol extracts was determined by using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and external calibration with gallic acid. The absorbance was measured at 760 nm using a spectrophotometer. The concentration of the total phenolics was calculated as mg of gallic acid equivalent by using an equation obtained from gallic acid calibration curve. The total amount of phenolic substance in the extracts was 76.32 mg. GAE/g.sample DW. Additionally, susceptibility tests were performed by the disc diffusion method of Bauer et al. (1966) with Mueller-Hinton agar (Difco). Zones of inhibition were measured after 24 hours of incubation at 370C. A bacteria culture was used to Mueller-Hinton agar plates evenly using a sterile swab. The test organisms used in this study were as follows: Escherichia coli ATCC35218, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC1911. Methanol was used as a negative control while Ceftizoxime (ZOX 30 µg), Penicillin (P 10U), Tetracycline (TE 30 µg), Clindamycin (DA 2 µg), Erythromycin (E 15 µg), Chloramphenicol (C 30 µg), Ofloxacin (OFX 5 µg) and Vancomycin (VA. 30 µg) were used as positive controls. The antibacterial activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones and MIC values. The negative control showed no inhibiting effect. The antimicrobial activity of GE extract was compared with standard antibiotic disc and showed inhibition diameters ranging from 8 to 46 mm. The microbial strains displayed a variable degree of susceptibility against the GE methanole extract. Antimicrobial activity was observed against K. pneumoniae ATCC700603, B. subtilis, S. aureus ATCC25923 and E. faecalis. The most susceptible bacteria to the G. macrorrhizum extract preparations was K. pneumoniae ATCC700603 (13 mm). Corresponding Author: MERAL ÖZTÜRK, meralztrk19@hotmail.com 1 UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

906

KEYWORDS Geranium macrorrhizum, Geraniaceae, Total phenolic content, Antimicrobial activity

907

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 812

ANTIBIOFILM EFFECTS OF THREE MACROFUNGI (MORCHELLA ANGUSTICEPS, TRAMETES VERSICOLOR, LACTARIOUS DELICIOUS) ON ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS 1

ARZU COLERİ CİHAN , BASAR KARACA , AYSE BUSRA KARAKAYA , ILGAZ AKATA , ERGIN MURAT ALTUNER

ABSTRACT It is commonly well known that 80% of all the bacterial infections are in relation with biofilms. Due to common problems caused by biofilms, alternative antibofilm strategies must be developed. Enterococcus strains are able to form complex surface-associated communities, called biofilms, contributes to its resistance and persistence in both host and non-host environments. Mushrooms are functional foods and a source of physiologically beneficial medicines. Possible antibiofilm effects of medicinal mushrooms have also a notable potency against biofilms. Additionally, increasing prevalence of infectious diseases is becoming a world wide problem, and the resistance problem demands that novel antimicrobial agents originated from natural products such as medicinal mushrooms to combat with the infections should be observed. The present study reports the capacity of three medicinal methanolic macrofungi extracts (Lactarius deliciosus, Trametes versicolor, Morchella angusticeps) to inhibit in vitro biofilm formation by Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 21599 strain. The strain’s antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by microdilution method. 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL concentrations of three macrofungi extracts were selected to perform MIC (Minimum Inhibition Concentration) test. For antibiofilm assays, the optimum biofilm forming capacity of the strain was primarly confirmed under different incubation conditions such as incubation period (24-48 h) and culture media (TSB medium was adjusted with the different concentrations of glucose; 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.25%) by microtiter biofilm assay. Quantification of the antibiofilm effects of macrofungi was carried out by modifying the microtiter biofilm formation protocol described by Stepanovic et al (2000). Briefly, in a U bottom 96 microplate, wells were filled with 200 μL different concentrations of methanolic macrofungi extracts (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) and at 5% (v/v) inoculum. Following this step, the microplate was incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. To quantify biofilms, the each well was discarded and washed 3 times with sterile 0.85% NaCl in order to remove non-adherent cells. The attached biofilm samples were fixed with 200 μL of methanol (95%) for 10 min. Methanol was then discarded and the wells were air dried. After that, 200 μL of crystal violet solution (0.1%, prepared with distilled water) were added to the wells for 30 min. Excess stain was removed by rinsing the plate under tap water and then air dried. The bounded dye was dissolved with 70:30 ethanol-acetone solvent mixture for 15 min. The amount of dye was quantified by measuring the Optical Density (OD) at 595 nm using a microtiter plate reader. Results for this test were given as percentage of biofilm formation inhibition applying the following formula: Biofilm formation inhibition percentage = [100-(ODassay/ODcontrol)] x 100. The MIC values were determined as 50, 25, and 50 mg/mL for M. angusticeps, T. versicolor, and L. delicious respectively. The optimum biofilm forming conditions for the strain were assigned as 48 h-incubation period and Corresponding Author: ARZU COLERİ CİHAN, arzucoleri@gmail.com 1 ANKARA UNİVERSİTY 2 KASTAMONU UNİVERSİTY

908

0.50% glucose concentration. The biofilms were sampled considering these conditions for antibiofilm assays. While all macrofungi extracts had inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation of the strain, T. versicolor extract was found to be the most effective with the highest reduction rates of 99.54, 100, and 100% (50, 100, and 200 mg/mL, respectively). The results obtained showed that all the tested mushroom extracts, but mostly the T. versicolor extract, had inhibitory effects on E. faecalis biofilm production. As this report was the first on the inhibition of E. faecalis biofilms by these macrofungi extracts, it can be concluded that medicinal macrofungi could be considered as candidates for novel antibiofilm strategies.

KEYWORDS Enterococcus faecalis, biofilm, antibiofilm, medicinal macrofungi

909

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 813

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTS OF ONION AND GARLIC 1

DIDEM SÖZERI , NIHAT AKIN , MEHMET DEMIRCI

ABSTRACT Physical and chemical preservative methods were used for many years to protect foods from spoilages and pathogens. Essential oil extracts which extracted from various part of plants have been considered as natural preservatives or food additives. They are mixture of numerous components and aromatic oily liquids. They also contain alkoloids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, tannins, cumarins, glycosides, terpens and organic acids which may have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Distillation, extraction and pressing methods are used in extraction of essential oils from matrix. Allium family have more than 500 species although have similar biochemical, nutraceutical and phytochemical properties. Many are known to have antibacterial and antifungal effects because of containing antioxidants, sulphur and phenolic components. Onion and garlic are members of Allium family and also contain medically important organosulfur including components. The aim of this study was to discussed area of utilization and antimicrobial effect of essential oil extract of onion and garlic.

KEYWORDS onion, garlic, essential oil, antimicrobial

Corresponding Author: DİDEM SÖZERİ, didem.sozeri@yahoo.com 1 NAMIK KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

910

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 814

USE OF AROMATIC PLANTS AND SPICES AS AN ALTERNATIVE FEED ADDITIVE 1

AYSUN KOP , ALI YILDIRIM KORKUT , HATICE TEKOĞUL , HÜLYA SAYĞI , HARUN DIRAMAN

ABSTRACT The rapid increase in the world population makes it necessary to use limited food sources more efficiently. Today, it has been understood that a balanced diet is very important for people. The production of aquatic products in the world and in Turkey is increasing every year and natural fish stocks are decreasing due to various environmental factors. This suggests that the products obtained through hunting can no longer be increased and that existing stocks must be protected. As a result, it is inevitable that there will be an increase in the products obtained by aquaculture. Along with the increasing amount of aquaculture, the feed sector has also gained great importance. In aquaculture, feed constitutes 40-60% of the cost required for successful and healthy production. Fish feeds are obtained by mixing animal (fish meal, fish oil, squid flour, crab flour, shrimp flour, fish silage etc.) and vegetable (soybean flour and pulp, wheat, corn flour and gluten etc.) raw materials as well as feed additives (Antioxidants, pigment substances, vitamin-mineral mixture, etc.) in varying proportions. Fish meal is the most widely used protein source in fish feeds because of its good protein quality, its rich energy and mineral properties, its high digestibility and its consumption by fish. Due to the fact that the factories producing fish meal in Turkey are few and the nutritional content of fish flour is inadequate, the importation of fish meal from abroad has begun to be started and the feed cost has increased accordingly. Therefore, research on the use of alternative vegetable protein sources to reduce the use of fish meal in fish feeds has begun to gain importance. As raw materials of alternative vegetable origin which can be used in fish feed, algae, hazelnut meal, potato flour, duckweed, alfalfa flour can be given. Alternative raw materials of animal origin are more limited, such as worm flour and black fly flour. New alternative additives used in practice are enzymes, organic acids, probiotics, oligosaccharides (prebiotics) and plant extracts. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of natural and partially cheaper aromatic plants and spices such as fennel, marjoram, caraway, chamomile and garlic as alternative feedstuffs and / or additives in previous national and international publications and to evaluate the nutritional content of the morphological properties and its benefits and to investigate its use in fish feeding.

KEYWORDS Fish feed, Feed additives, aromatic plants, spice

Corresponding Author: HARUN DIRAMAN, hdiraman@aku.edu.tr 1 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, YETİŞTİRİCİLİK BÖLÜMÜ, BORNOVA-İZMİR 2 GIDA KONTROL ARAŞTIRMA VE UYGULAMA MERKEZİ, AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

911

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 815

SYNERGISM BETWEEN LACTARIOUS DELICIOUS AND VANCOMYCIN AGAINST VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS FAECIUM 1

ARZU COLERİ CİHAN , BASAR KARACA , ERGIN MURAT ALTUNER , ILGAZ AKATA , OZLEM YILDIRIM

ABSTRACT Novel drug development strategies are needed to struggle antimicrobial resistance. The object of our study is to highlight a strategy such as: treating Enterococcus faecium antibiotic resistance with Lactarious delicious extract rather than individual antibiotics. In this respect, screening of antimicrobial activity of medicinal and edible macrofungus L. deliciosus was performed against vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium NJ-1 and this natural macrofungus extract and antibiotic combinations were evaluated to treat E. faecium. Disk diffusion and micro dilution tests were performed according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines for enterococci (NCCLS). Agar well diffusion and micro dilution tests were also performed with methanolic (60%) extracts of L. delicious against E. faecium NJ-1 strain. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of vancomycin and L. delicious extract were also determined to maintain combinative antibiotic/macrofungus antimicrobial studies. 99.9% logarithmic reduction of the bacterial population was considered as MBC value for both antibiotic and L. delicious extract. While perfoming the MBC assay, EC50 values were synchronously determined by performing plate count assay and the logarithmic reductions of microbial populations under different concentrations of antibiotic and macrofungus extracts were evaluated by “XLSTAT” 2017 software, in terms of evaluating the effects of antibiotic/macrofungus extract combinations further. For developping an approach in an effort to evaluate possible antimicrobial interactions (synergistic, antagonistic, additive etc.), vancomycin/L. delicious extract was selected in different combinations. The possible antimicrobial effects of combinative vancomycine/macrofungus extracts were quantified and determined by the “Compusyn” software. The strain was found to be resistant to vancomycin with 6 mm (milimeter) zone diameter (disk diffusion) and with ≤128µg/mL MIC value. 10 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL concentrations of methanolic medicinal L. delicious extracts were used to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility with agar well diffusion method. Both 10 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL extracts of L. delicious were found to be effective against the strain with the inhibition zone diameters of 17 mm and 30 mm, respectively. 6.25 mg/mL concentration of L. delicious was found as MIC value against the strain. 1024 µg/mL of vancomycin concentration and 25 mg/mL of L. delicious extract values were found to be as MBC values. EC50 values of vancomycin and L. delicous extract were calculated as 145.4 µg/mL and 12.41 mg/mL, respectively by XLTSAT software. 140, 145.4, and 150 µg/mL concentraions of vancomycin, 10, 12.41, and 15 mg/mL concentrations of L. delicious, and all possible dual combinations of these factors were applied to calculate “dose effects” and “dose response curves”. Dose effects values were specified according to the log-reduction of microbial population by using XLSTAT software. Obtained dose effect data were used to model the Corresponding Author: ARZU COLERİ CİHAN, arzucoleri@gmail.com 1 ANKARA UNİVERSİTY 2 KASTAMONU UNİVERSİTY

912

drug/macrofungus interaction by using Compusyn software. According to the â&#x20AC;&#x153;dose response indexâ&#x20AC;? (DRI) and dose response curve data, there was an absolute synergism between the vancomycin and L. delicious extract. As the aim in this study was to achieve synergistic therapeutic effect and dose reduction, it was absolutely concluded that natural products, such as L. delicious, could be taken into consideration to struggle with the antibiotic resistance in the context of combining medicinal macrofungi extracts and commonly used antibiotics. This approach has a notable potency to develop alternative clinical applications to struggle infectious diseases.

KEYWORDS Medicinal macrofungus, Vancomycin-resistant enteroccocci, synergism, antimicrobial resistance

913

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 816

TRUFFLES AND STUDIES OF FOREST GENERAL DIRECTORATE 1

ÖZGE DENLİ , ÖZGÜR BALCI , MURAT MASUN

TE D

ABSTRACT

Truffles have a special position in gourmet kitchens, due to their intensive aroma. Valuable truffle species grow naturally in forests that are especially in Mediterranean ecosystem. The amount of truffles, which are harvested from natural areas, is not enough to supply the demands. Therefore, many European countries like France, Spain, Italy, Norway and Sweden, United State of America, Australia and many other countries like New Zealand carry out truffle cultivation. There are many families in Europe engaged in cultivation of truffles and transferring it from generation to the next. Cultivation of truffles is more complex than typical mushroom cultivation. The cultivation of this mushroom which is the fruit of the mycorrhizal collaboration between forest trees and fungus needs specific seedling propagation techniques. The most valuable truffle species are Tuber magnatum, T. melanosporum and Tuber aestivum which can all be cultivated except T. magnatum. T. aestivum can be collected from natural Red pine-oak and Black pine-oak mixed forests in Turkey. Truffle hunting has its own unique methods, because the fungus matures under the soil and never appears on the soil surface. Till 2014, local people who live in naturally truffle distributed regions did not have the tradition of collection, consume and trade in Turkey. The General Directorate of Forestry prepared the Truffle Action Plan in 2014 with the recognition of that truffles naturally grow in many parts of Turkey but were not know by the people. The aim of the action plan is to stimulate the collection truffles from nature, and increase the knowledge and awareness of local people and entrepreneur to establish the specific plantations for truffle cultivation. In this work, the studies which were carried out by the General Directorate of Forestry related to truffles and the plans which are under consideration for future activities are explained. Additionally, the fields where truffle mushrooms are grown in Turkey, the actual situation of truffle market in the world, and ecological needs of truffle mushrooms are given.

KEYWORDS

truffle, mushroom, mycorrhizae, cultivation, oak, tuber

Corresponding Author: ÖZGE DENLİ, ozgedenlii@gmail.com 1 BATI AKDENİZ ORMANCILIK ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 ORMAN GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 3 DENİZLİ ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

914

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 817

USE OF AROMATIC PLANT EXTRACTS IN CHEESE PRODUCTION 1

NEŞE BADAK , YUSUF TUNÇTÜRK

TE D

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Nowadays, the use of natural additives as food preservatives has become popular due to concern for synthetic chemical additives and consumer conscious. There is great interest in developing new techniques to make foods safer and more natural. High quality flavored cheeses containing some aromatic vegetable such as sage, thyme or rosemary have been described as suitable in studies. Aromatic plants and their essential oils can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidants agents and also some of them can prevent cheese blowing. Cheeses are traditionally affected by common paste defects known as early and late blowing. Early blowing is caused by coliform bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and late blowing is caused by butyric acid fermentation of the clostridial spores present in raw milk. The use of certain aromatic plants as antimicrobial agent can prevent blowing defect and innovative cheese covers may help to prevent the external growth of fungal spoilers and thus avoid consumer exposure to mycotoxins. In addition, recent research on spices and aromatic herbs suggests that they may be more effective in improving flavour and preserving food than artificial flavourings.

aromatic plant, cheese blowing, antimicrobial aromatic plants, natural food preserving

Corresponding Author: NEŞE BADAK, nnesekaraca@gmail.com 1 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

915

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 818

EVALUATION OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS EXTRACTS FOR ITS POTENTIAL ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY 1

BASAR KARACA , NAZNOOSH SHOMALI MOGHADDAM , AYSE BUSRA KARAKAYA , ARZU COLERİ CİHAN , 1 OZLEM YILDIRIM

ABSTRACT Biofilms are structures formed by aggregates of bacterial cells on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. These naturally existing biofilms can cause major risks to human beings, as 80% of the bacterial infections were obtained by biofilms. Biofilms are major causes of nosocomial infections and the bacterial attachment to some surfaces and the subsequent biofilm formation are important steps in the establishment of chronic infections. In the food industry, biofilms can be a source of recalcitrant contaminations, causing food spoilage, and are possible sources of public health problems. The reason why bacteria growing in biofilm structures attain antimicrobial resistance is still unknown. Therefore, the resistance of biofilm cells to antimicrobial agents make biofilms important on behalf of discovering and developing novel and natural antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents. In this context, a common edible mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus was evaluated with respect to its antibiofilm activities on Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984, and methicillin-resistanst Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 strains were used both antimicrobial and antibiofilm assays and were routinely cultured in Tyriptic Soy Broth (TSB) at 35°C . A total of 20 g P. ostreatus dried samples were powdered and treated with 200 mL of 95% ethanol under shaking conditions at room temperature for 24 h. Then, the ethanolic extract was filtered through Whatman No. 4 paper, and finally, the filtrate was lyophilized. The lyophilized extract was resuspended in sterile distilled water with a final concentration of 200 mg/mL. The other extraction protocol was carried out with hot water. 20 mg of the dried sample was boiled in 200 mL of distilled water for 2 h. These two suspensions were used in both antimicrobial and antibiofilm assays. Biofilm production conditions were optimized for all strains before antibiofilm assays. Cultivation under low osmolar conditions (Luria-Bertanii broth without NaCl) at 28°C for E. coli, cultivation in TSB medium supported with 3% NaCl, and 1.0% glucose at 35°C for S. aureus, and S. epidermidis, cultivation in TSB medium supported with 0.5% glucose for P. aeruginosa were preferred to increase their biofilm productions. Antimicrobial assay was performed according to the microdilution method (NCCLS). Antibiofilm assays were performed according to the Stepanovic et al. (2000) with slight modifications. Briefly, the TSB broths, prepared according to the optimal biofilm forming conditions of the pathogens and different concentrations of ethanolic and hot water extracts of P. ostreatus (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL) were transferred to the U bottom 96 well microtiter plates with a final concentration of 200 µL. The plates containing E. coli cultures were incubated at 28°C, whereas other bacterial cultures were incubated at 35°C for 24 h. The wells, containing only bacterial inocula, and the wells containing only test media were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively. At the end of the incubation period, crystal violet binding assay was performed to determine the potential antibiofilm Corresponding Author: BASAR KARACA, karaca@ankara.edu.tr 1 ANKARA UNİVERSİTY

916

activities of these extracts. Briefly, the plates were aspirated and washed with sterile physiological serum for three times. The dried plates were filled with 200 ÂľL of 95% methanol and emptied again. Following this step, the plates were filled with 0.1% crystal violet solution and incubated for 30 min at room temperatures. Finally, the plates were rinsed under running tap water and each well was filled with 200 ÂľL of an ethanol:acetone solvent mixture (70:30) to dissolve the bounded dye. The dissolved dye was quantified by measuring the Optical Density (OD) at 595 nm using a microplate reader. Results for this test were given as the percentage of biofilm formation inhibition using the following formula: Biofilm formation inhibition percentage = [100-(ODassay/ODcontrol)] x 100. There was not a significant antimicrobial activity on all the tested bacteria, but a significant antibiofilm acitivity of P. ostreatus was observed. The ethanolic extract of the mushroom sample was found to be more inhibitive on biofilm formation than hot water extract. The highest antibiofilm effect was detected on MRSA for both ethanolic and hot water extracts (almost 100% reduction). The lowest antibiofilm effect was detected on P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain for the ethanolic extract of the mushroom sample having a reduction rate of 45.78%. P. ostreatus is an edible mushroom that also has high medicinal value such as its antimicrobial effect. In this study, P. ostreatus was tested for its ability to inhibit the in vitro biofilm formation of common pathogens for the first time. It can be certainly concluded that this mushroom should be taken into consideration to develop novel antibiofilm strategies.

KEYWORDS Pleurotus ostreatus, antibiofilm, antimicrobial, biofilm formation

917

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 819

USE OF BLACK SEED IN FOODS AS A NATURAL ADDITIVE 1

YUSUF TUNÇTÜRK , NEŞE BADAK

TE D

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Nowadays, there is a tendency for the use of additives which will not affect the structure, appearance, taste and smell of foods negatively and will protect the microbial, physical and chemical properties of foods. Synthetic antioxidants have been used to prevent oxidation, which is one of the most important problems that can occur during the storage of foods, and to extend the shelf life of foods. In recent years, due to their toxicological and carcinogenic properties synthetic antioxidants added to food has been avoided. The most important feature of antioxidants to be added to food is being natural, not synthetic. Another criterion for the use of antioxidants is the low cost of antioxidants, which is an important factor in consumer preference. One of the plants with antioxidant effect is the essential oil of black seed. Black seed is a valuable medicine and spice plant of Ranunculaceae family whose botanical name is Nigella sativa L. and used for more than 2000 years. Seed, oil and seed components - mainly thymoquinone - are traditionally used because of their potent therapeutic properties. It has attracted attention recently due to it’s antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, gastroprotective, antidiabetic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, immune system strengthening effects and contains important fatty acids, vitamins, minerals and volatile components. Black seed is widely consumed worldwide as food and spices due to its nutritious, flavorer and ornamental qualities.

black seed, natural additives, food antioxidant, aromatic oils

Corresponding Author: NEŞE BADAK, nnesekaraca@gmail.com 1 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

918

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 820

TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF STACHYS OBLIQUA WALDST. & KIT. AND S. THRACIA DAVIDOV (LAMIACEAE) IN TURKEY 1

S. ELIF KORCAN , YASEMIN S. KARAFAKIOĞLU , İBRAHIM BULDUK , HAVA KÖLEMEK , MERAL ÖZTÜRK , 1 AHMET KAHRAMAN

ABSTRACT Stachys L. is one of the largest genera of the family Lamiaceae with about 300 taxa. Stachys is a taxonomically complex and widely distributed genus in the temperate regions of the world. Many specie of Stachys mainly grow in rocky areas. In Turkey, it is represented by 110 taxa, 51 of which are endemic. S. obliqua Waldst. & Kit. is a perennial plant with erect stems, oblong-lanceolate basal leaves, mostly remote verticillasters, subcampanulate sepals and pale yellow petals. S. thracica Davidov is a perennial plant with erect or ascending stems, oblong or oblonglanceolate to lanceolate basal leaves, distant verticillasters, subcampanulate sepals and purple petals. Phytochemical investigations on Stachys species have shown the occurrence of flavonoids, diterpenes, phenyl ethanoid glycosides and saponins. They have been reported to treat genital tumors, sclerosis of the spleen, inflammatory tumors and cancerous ulcers. The aim of this work is to comprehensively investigate total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of S. obliqua and S. thracica naturally growing in Turkey. The level of total phenols in methanol extracts was determined by using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and external calibration with gallic acid. The absorbance was measured at 760 nm using a spectrophotometer. The concentration of the total phenolics was calculated as mg of gallic acid equivalent by using an equation obtained from gallic acid calibration curve. The total amount of phenolic substance in the extracts was 35.76 mg. GAE/g.sample DW. Susceptibility tests were also performed by the disc diffusion method of Bauer et al. (1966) with Mueller-Hinton agar (Difco). Zones of inhibition were measured after 24 hours of incubation at 370C. A bacteria culture was used to Mueller-Hinton agar plates evenly using a sterile swab. The test organisms used in this study were as follows: Escherichia coli ATCC35218, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC1911. Methanol was used as a negative control while Ceftizoxime (ZOX 30 µg), Penicillin (P 10U), Tetracycline (TE 30 µg), Clindamycin (DA 2 µg), Erythromycin (E 15 µg), Chloramphenicol (C 30 µg), Ofloxacin (OFX 5 µg) and Vancomycin (VA. 30 µg) were used as positive controls. The antibacterial activities were assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones and MIC values. The negative control showed no inhibiting effect. The antimicrobial activity of extract of the species studied was compared with standard antibiotic disc and showed inhibition diameters ranging from 7 to 18 mm. The microbial strains displayed a variable degree of susceptibility against the methanole extract of the species examined. Antimicrobial activity was observed against K. pneumoniae ATCC700603, S. aureus

Corresponding Author: HAVA KÖLEMEK, hava.klmk@gmail.com 1 UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

919

ATCC25923 and E. faecalis. The most susceptible bacteria to their extract preparations was S. aureus ATCC25923 (17 mm).

KEYWORDS Stachys, Lamiaceae, Total phenolic content, Antimicrobial activity

920

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 821

THE INVESTIGATION OF GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SITAGLIPTIN THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT OF AN ANTIDIABETIC DRUG USING CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION TEST 1

DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU , CEMILE ENGÜZEL , FATMA ÜNAL

ABSTRACT Sitagliptin, the active ingredient of an anti-diabetic drug, is used in the treatment of Typ 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of Sitagliptin to induce chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in human lymphocytes in vitro. The effect of Sitagliptin on mitotic index (MI) was also evaluated. 31.25, 62.50, 125.00, 250.00, 500.00, 1000.00 μg/mL concentrations of Sitagliptin were used. A negative, a solvent (25% DMSO) and a positive control (MMC) were also included. This study was approved by the ethical committee of Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine (14.11.2012-363). Sitagliptin significantly increased the frequency of CAs at 125.00, 500.00, and 1000.00 μg/mL concentrations for 24 h and at all the concentrations for 48 h treatment compared to the negative control. MI significantly decreased at the highest concentration (1000.00 μg/mL) of Sitagliptin for 24 h treatment and at all the concentrations of Sitagliptin (except for 31.25 μg/mL) for 48 h treatment compared to the negative control. Our results demonstrate that Sitagliptin have clastogenic and cytotoxic effects on human lymphocytes in vitro. Acknowledgment: This study was supported by TUBITAK under the project number 212T256.

KEYWORDS Sitagliptin, Genotoxicity, Chromosomal aberrations, Mitotic index

Corresponding Author: DENİZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU, deniz@gazi.edu.tr 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, GENETİK TOKSİKOLOJİ LABORATUARI, 06500, ANKARA, TÜRKİYE

921

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 822

INVESTIGATION OF RETINOL (VITAMIN A) POTENTIAL ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS ON MITOMYCIN-C GENOTOXICITY BY CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATION TEST 1

KÜBRA SEVIMLI-CAN , DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU , ECE AVULOĞLU-YILMAZ , FATMA ÜNAL

ABSTRACT Vitamin-A (Vit-A) has a supporting effect on skin and immune system and protects against harmful effect of pro-oxidants. The free radical scavenging effect of Vit-A is ineffective to neutralize of singlet oxygen (1O2), but it is considered to be a strong antioxidant since it can affect the level of other antioxidants in the tissue. In this study, potential antigenotoxic effect of Vit-A (retinol) was investigated in human peripheral lymphocytes (HPLs) by chromosomal aberration (CA) test against Mitomycin-C (MMC), an antitumor agent. Different concentrations of retinol (0.05, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020 µg/mL) were used in combination with Mitomycin-C. Three treatment procedures were applied for 24 h and 48 h; pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment. At the 24 h pre-treatment with retinol, the percentage of abnormal cells and the frequency of abnormality significantly decreased in all the concentrations compared to positive control. This decrease was significant at the two highest concentrations at simultaneous treatment and at the only highest concentration at post- treatment. At 48 h, in all the treatments and concentrations (except 0.05+MMC µg/mL in simultaneous treatment) the frequency of abnormality and percentage of abnormal cells reduced compared to positive control. These results indicates that retinol reduced the frequency of CAs induced by MMC at all the treatment types. It can be concluded from these results that retinol has protective and ameliorating effect against MMC induced genotoxicity in vitro human lymphocytes.

KEYWORDS Retinol, Antigenotoxicity, Chromosomal aberration

Corresponding Author: DENİZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU, deniz@gazi.edu.tr 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, GENETİK TOKSİKOLOJİ LABORATUARI, 06500, ANKARA, TÜRKİYE

922

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 824

QUALITY EVALUATION OF FLAXSEED AND BLACK CUMIN OIL OBTAINED BY MICROWAVE AND ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION 1

FETHIYE TAKADAŞ , ONUR DÖKER

ABSTRACT The growing interest in green chemistry requires fresh perspectives on analytical extractions on the medicinal and aromatic plants. Reduced solvent consumption, alternative safer solvents, and reasonable energy demands must be balanced with traditional analytical considerations such as extraction yield and selectively [1]. Especially medicinal and aromatic plant extraction methods tend to use of green solvent and new extraction technologies instead of the traditional methods. Studies in recent years, different extraction methods of plant extraction have been become crucial. Some of those supercritical fluid extraction, microwave extraction, ultrasonic extraction and accelerated solvent extraction [2,3]. In this study, the effect of different extraction technologies on flaxseed oil and black cumin oil composition will be aimed. However, these investigations are needed for the appropriate assessment of the prospective of these novel techniques. Also, black cumin seed oil and flaxseed oil is quite valuable in terms of the linoleic acid and oleic acid. The presence of these bioactive compounds helps in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, memory loss, and constipation. In accordance with the aim of this work, the oils will be extracted by microwave extraction and ultrasonic extraction with ethanol and oil composition will be analyzed. Consequently, for these seeds, which are wealthy in terms of fatty acid, an alternative extraction method will be investigation. [1] Essel, Victor, and Douglas E. Raynie. "Green Chemistry Perspectives on Analytical Extractions." Lc Gc North America, 31 (2013): 18-21. [2] Khattab, Rabie Y., and Mohammad A. Zeitoun. "Quality evaluation of flaxseed oil obtained by different extraction techniques." LWT-Food Science and Technology 53.1 (2013): 338-345. [3] Bakhshabadi, Hamid, et al. "The effect of microwave pretreatment on some physico-chemical properties and bioactivity of Black cumin seeds’ oil." Industrial Crops and Products 97 (2017): 1-9.

KEYWORDS fatty acid, flax seed, black cumin, microwave, ultrasonic extraction

Corresponding Author: FETHİYE TAKADAŞ, takadasfethiye@gmail.com 1 MERSİN UNİVERSİTY

923

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 826

EFFECT OF LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA ESSENTIAL OILS ON SOME RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES (ALVEOGRAPH AND FARINOGRAPH) OF DOUGH 1

TE D

HARUN DIRAMAN , YUNUS EMRE GÖKÇE , TURGAY ŞANAL , AMIR SOLTANBEIGI

ABSTRACT

The effects of Lavandula angustifolia essential oils on rheological profiles (alveograph and farinograph characteristics) and also, some chemical properties (moisture content 12.1 %, ash content 0.73 %, total protein content 12.90 %, wet gluten 31 %, Perten Gluten Index 90 %, standard and modified sedimentation tests 39 ml and 62 ml respectively, before essential oil addition) for flour quality were investigated. There is no detailed study concerning the effect of essential oils of L. angustifolia on rheological properties (alveograph and farinograph) of dough. Aromatic profile of essential oil obtained by a hydrodistilation method from Lavandula angustifolia (leave + flower) grown in Afyonkarahisar – Turkey (Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Center), was determined by GCMS (Agilent 7890 B) and this volatil oil contained as major components 1,8 Cineole (59.446 %), camphor (7.202 %), Linaol (5.368 %), β-pinene (2.950), dl-linomenen (2.337)%) and α-pinene (1.460 %), respectively. This essential oil from Lavandula angustifolia was added to dough as % 0.2 in the course of mixing. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effect of essential oils (0.2 % Lavandula angustifolia) on the alveograph and farinograph characteristics of wheat dough. The standard and modified Zeleny sedimentation values and all farinograph data (except for development time) were generally not affected by adding with essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia). These results on dough rheological were rewardigly found based on alveograph (increasing W [213 -230 Joules] and L [34 -38 mm]) and farinograph data(increasing development time 2.29 – 7.49 and Falling Quality Number 116-122 ).

KEYWORDS

Lavandula angustifolia, essential oil, alveograph, farinograph

Corresponding Author: HARUN DIRAMAN, hdiraman@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAK. GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ & GIDA KONTROL ARAŞTIRMA VE UYGULAMA MERKEZİ, AFYONKARAHİSAR 2 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ. FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ. GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ ABD. AFYONKARAHİSAR 3 TARLA BİTKİLERİ ERKEZ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ. GIDA VE KALİTE DEĞERLENDİRME BÖLÜMÜ. YENİMAHALLE – ANKARA 4 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ GIDA KONTROL ARAŞTIRMA VE UYGULAMA MERKEZİ, AFYONKARAHİSAR

924

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 827

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT CARBON SOURCES ON GROWTH AND ROSMARINIC ACID ACCUMULATION OF THYMUS LEUCOTRICHUS HAL. SHOOT CULTURES 1

TUBA BEKİRCAN , MUSTAFA CÜCE , SERCAN YILDIRIM , ATALAY SÖKMEN

ABSTRACT Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different concentrations of sucrose on growth and rosmarinic acid accumulations in vitro grown Thymus leucotrichus Hal. Material and Methods: Four different groups were obtained by changing the sucrose concentrations of the MS medium which include 2 mg/L 2ip and 0.1 mg/L NAA. Cultures in sucrose-containing (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) media were evaluated 4 weeks later. Number of shoot and node, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of Thymus leucotrichus seedling were measured. In addition, the in vitro grown seedlings were dried and subjected to HPLC analysis to determine the amount of rosmarinic acid. Results: The highest shoot length(34.00 ± 2.83 mm ) and number of nodes (6.47 ± 0.68) were observed at 10% sucrose concentration. The highest number of shoots was observed in the medium containing 30% sucrose with 4.47 ± 0.51 . When the fresh (114.8 ± 11.2 mg) and dry weight (18.05 ± 1.6 mg) parameters were examined, the most effective group was 40% sucrose concentration. While rosmarinic acid content of natural seedling was 6.78mg/g dry weight the highest rosmarinic acid value observed in the experimental groups was 19.10 ± 1.10 mg / g dyr weigth at 40% sucrose concentration. As the sucrose concentration increased, the amount of rosmarinic acid was found to be statistically significantly increased

KEYWORDS T. leucotrichus, in vitro, sucrose, HPLC, rosmarinic acid

Corresponding Author: TUBA BEKİRCAN, tubabekircan@gmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 KONYA GIDA VE TARIM ÜNİVERSİTESİ

925

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 828

PHYTOESTROGENS EFFECTS ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 1

GÜLIZER ÇELİK , MÜBERA ÇİL , BÜŞRA GÖZ , EZGI TOPTAŞ BIYIKLI , ALI EMRAH BIYIKLI , ELMAS ERSÖZ

ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases have the most incidence density all over the world which are originated from oxidative stress, reactive oxygen production and peroxidation of lipids. In order to prevent this disease, decrease its complications or inhibit its development diet has an important factor. Phytoestrogens which are a kind of functional nutrition, act as a guardian against oxidative stress on the vascular cells. This property of phytoestrogens is coming from the endothelial nitric acid synthesis, thereby stimulating the vasodilatation activity. In addition to this, phytoestrogens provide anti thrombotic and anti atherogenic effects. OBJECTIVE: In this review study, phytoestrogens cardiovascular risk factors, serum lipid levels, inflammatory reagents and arterial hardness effects are investigated. METHOD: According to the up to date literature research, the influence of phytoestrogens which are naturally occurring on the food or supplementary phytoestrogens on cardiovascular diseases are investigated. RESULTS: Soya, which’s phytoestrogen contribution is too high, is consumed too much in Asia territory. According to this, the cardiovascular disease rate in Asia is too low with respect to western populations. Phytoestrogens, especially increase the isoflavone groups anti oxidative activity and nitric oxides bioavailability and thereby provides vasodilatation and prevents vascular cell damage. In addition to this, it decreases liver and/or total serum triglyceride level and/or LDL cholesterol, and it increases HDL cholesterol and/or HDL/LDL cholesterol rate. Therefore it has positive effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Phytoestrogens contribute to the vascular consistency and helps to prevent hypertension which is one of the important risk factor due to atherosclerosis. In some studies it is mentioned that, there is a reverse relationship between dietary isoflavones and aorta hardness. However, there are also some studies which provide that, the isoflavones coming from soya and red trefoil has no influence on cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: Phytoestrogens could be one of the important nutrition for preventing cardiovascular diseases which are the most common public health issue. However, there should be more studies made on this issue, in order to understand its effects more clear and the amount should be consumed for these type of illnesses.

KEYWORDS Phytoestrogens, soya, cardiovascular diseases.

Corresponding Author: GÜLİZER ÇELİK, diyetisyen.72@gmail.com 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ AKŞEHİR KADİR YALLAGÖZ SAĞLIK YÜKSEK OKULU

926

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 829

DETERMINATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUALS' THYME CONSUMPTION (THE CASE OF MANISA PROVINCE OF SALIHLI DISTRICT) 1

RÜVEYDA KIZILOĞLU , SARA NILDA ATAOĞLU

ABSTRACT Total spice plant production in Turkey is 38341 tons for the year 2016. Of these 48.48% are caraway, 38.40% are thyme, 6.59% are black seed, 6.43% are fennel and 0.11% are coriander. A total of 14724 tons of thyme were produced in Turkey in 2016. Thyme was produced 1585 tons in TR33 (Manisa-Afyon-Kütahya-Usak) region and 828 tons of in Manisa province. In other words, the production of Manisa is generated thyme constitutes 5.62% of Turkey and 52.24% of the region. With 752 tons of production, Salihli is firstly found in 90.82% of the thyme production. Salihli produces 47.44% of the region's thyme production and 5.11% of Turkey. In this context, it is aimed to determine of the individuals in Salihli Province, which is one of the most produced places of the region and province the level of thyme, which is one of the medicinal aromatic plants, consumption consciousness and factors affecting thyme consumption. This was discussed with 272 individuals determined by proportional sampling. The average age of the interviewed individuals was found to be 36.07 age, 52.21% female, 63.60% single and average income was 2,634.77 TL / month. The first ten medicinal aromatic plants that individuals bought; sage (%85.29), mint (%74.26), thyme (%73.53), tilia (%70.96), garlic (%68.75), nettle (%61.40), dill (%58.46), hibiscus (%49.63), cumin (%47.43) and nigella (%45.96). Thyme, which is the third choice for individuals to consume consumption is 59.10 grams per month. Binary logit analysis was used to determine the factors that affect the thyme consumption of individuals. A dummy variable is used as a dependent variable for consuming or not consuming thyme. As an explanatory variable; the age of the individual, gender, marital status, education status, monthly income, the number of individuals in the family, the state of knowing the definition of medical aromatic plants, use purpose (treatment and odor-taste), consumed amount, purchasing frequency (weekly and monthly), preferred shape (open and packed) and the factors to be considered when purchasing (harvest time, color, smell, freshness, drying environment, amount of drying and amount of moisture) were modeled. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that thyme consumption at the 5% significance level negatively affected the gender and the product positively affected the open purchase and drying environment. That means that women may consume 9% more thyme than men. One unit increase in thyme consumption is expected to increase by 14% when buying thyme, rather than buying it openly. In the same way, consumers consume about 11% of the drying environment compared to those who do not consume. It was observed that those who prefer to use for treatment, use for taste, and purchase once a week, which are meaningful at the 1% significance level, are positively related to consumption. One unit increase in those who prefer to consume is a 45% increase in therapeutic use. That is, consumers consume 45% probability of treatment according to their consumption. It has been determined that 21% of the thyme is consumed Corresponding Author: SARA NİLDA ATAOĞLU, arasadlin25@gmail.com 1 GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

927

for taste and odor. One unit increase in the likelihood of consuming another tag is expected to increase the likelihood of choice for taste and odor by 21%. The likelihood of consuming in individuals is directly proportional to the increase in the purchase frequency of thyme. That is, a unit increase in the likelihood of consumption is expected to increase the frequency of purchases per week by 21%. It gives the result that the individual prefers to consume freshly or take it as much as they need to buy thyme.

KEYWORDS Consciousness Level, Binary Logit Analysis, Thyme, Preference, Consumption

928

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 830

PHYTOESTROGENS AND THYROID FUNCTIONS 1

GÜLIZER ÇELİK , BÜŞRA GÖZ , MÜBERA ÇİL , EZGI TOPTAŞ BIYIKLI , ELMAS ERSÖZ , ALI EMRAH BIYIKLI

ABSTRACT Thyroid gland is an organ which regulates the metabolic functions via hormones. Heredity, microorganisms, aging, iodine deficiency or over iodine and some of the medicines could cause thyroid originated illnesses. In addition to these, some endocrine damagers may negatively influence thyroid functions. Phytoestrogens are natural endocrine damagers. A phytoestrogen called genistein effects thyroid functions negatively. Therefore studies made to understand this issue. OBJECTIVE: In this study, thyroid autoantibody, subclinical hypothyroid parameters are investigated with their interactions between phytoestrogens. METHOD: Phytoestrogen supplementation and its effects to thyroid related sicknesses are investigated through literature research. RESULTS: Most of the studies point that, phytoestrogens effect the connections of thyroid hormone receptors to the thyroid hormone and negatively effects the thyroid hormone signals. Guanthyrogenic effects of genistein is coming from isoflavone’s thyroid hormone synthesis, its metabolism and thyroid hormone transport proteins. Some invivo and invitro studies shows that, genistein inhibits the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) which have an important role in synthesis of thyroid hormone, and decreases the thyroid hormone levels in the circulating system. Soya, which contains phytoestrogen, consumption negatively influences the thyroid functions. Although there are some studies which reveal that, phytoestrogen consumption on healthy or thyroid sickness persons has no reasonable effects. CONCLUSION: Phytoestrogens have lots of positive effects on healthy people. However it shows negative influences on thyroid metabolism. But at some studies it has no effect on thyroid functions. In order to enlighten this topic, there should be more studies made.

KEYWORDS Phytoestrogen, genistein, nutrition, thyroid

Corresponding Author: GÜLİZER ÇELİK, diyetisyen.72@gmail.com 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ AKŞEHİR KADİR YALLAGÖZ SAĞLIK YÜKSEK OKULU

929

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 831

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC, TOTAL FLOVANOID, CONDENSED TANNINS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF KARAÇALI FRUITS (PALIURUS SPINA CHRISTI) 1

KASIM TAKIM , MESUT IŞIK , ADEM NECIP

ABSTRACT Paliurus spina-christi (PSC) plant is used against the antidiarrhea, diuretic and rheumatism among the population. In addition, the plant's samara-type fruits are used as anti-inflammatory agents against kidney stones, chest and eye infections, and the leaves are externally used for inflammation of the uterus [1]. There are five known species of plant, a member of the Rhamnaceae family. In Turkey, there are only P. spina-christi Mill from these five species [1]. P The PSC (blackcurrant) plant is a very well known plant in Asia and the Mediterranean region. Southern Europe, Crimea, Caucasus, Western Syria, North-South-West Iran and Northern Iraq. Where the forests are destroyed, the invaders are in frequent bushes and woodlands. The zigzag branch, which grows in almost all Anatolia in Turkey, is seen as a thorny hedge with a height of two to three meters. Leaves are ovate, stipules are thorn-like, flowers are yellow, fruits are circle; Flat, winged, three-seeded and dry [3]. In this study on the mature fruit of the PSC known to be biologically active, Total phenolics, total floovoid and condensed tannin analysis of the fruits used as part of the plant were investigated and the antioxidant activity was investigated accordingly. The total phenolic compound content of the PSC extracts prepared by the deoxygenation method was found to be 22,10 ± 0,09 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent / g dry PSC. Total amount of flavonoid compound: 8,29 ± 0,07 mg Quercetin Equivalent / g dry PSC. The amount of compound in the condensate of PSC extracts was determined to correspond to 238,11 ± 2 mg Tannic Acid Equivalent / kg dry PSC. The total antioxidant capacity of PSC was determined by Cuprac method and found to be 10.47 ± 0.07 mg Trolax Equivalent / g dry PSC. This result shows that Trolox, Ascorbic acid and BHT, which are standard antioxidant compounds and used for comparison, have higher activity. In addition, the DPPH method was used to determine the specific antioxidant properties of PSC, and consequently PSC was reduced to 63.69 ± 1.32% at 30 μg / mL with gallic acid as standard antioxidant compounds (66.33% ± 2.11), BHT (42.44 ± 1.87%) showed higher radical reduction activity than trolax (23.10 ± 0.91) and ascorbic acid (28.38 ± 1.12%).

KEYWORDS Paliurus spina-christi, antioxidant, tannin, phenolic

Corresponding Author: KASIM TAKIM, kasimtakim@harran.edu.tr 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ 2 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK MESLEK YÜKSEK OKULU

930

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 833

ANTIHYPERTENSIVES AND GENOTOXICITY 1

DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU , ECE AVULOĞLU-YILMAZ , FATMA ÜNAL

ABSTRACT Hypertension known as high blood pressure is the most common cardiovascular disease in the world. Hypertension usually does not cause symptoms initially, but sustained hypertension over time is a major risk factor for hypertensive heart disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. Antihypertensive are drugs used to regulate blood pressure which is a measure of the repulsive force of the blood on the vessel wall. In this study, investigations of the genotoxic effect of antihypertensive agents using different genotoxicity tests and model organisms were reviewed and the results were presented. The genotoxic effect of antihypertensive was evaluated in many in vivo and in vitro studies. Some of these studies showed that some drug active ingredient did not have genotoxic effect. On the other hand, some other studies have suggested that long-term use of antihypertensive drugs may be genotoxic and therefore associated with increased risk of cancer. In addition, the association between hypertension disease and increased incidence of some types of cancer (especially renal cancer) is determined in some studies. For this reason, it is considered that the in vitro and in vivo genotoxic effects of antihypertensive should be investigated by independent laboratories.

KEYWORDS Antihypertensive, genotoxicity, cancer

Corresponding Author: ECE AVULOĞLU-YILMAZ, eceavuloglu@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ

931

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 835

GENOTOXIC AND ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CYNARIN AGAINST MMC- INDUCED MICRONUCLEUS FORMATION 1

ESRA ERIKEL , FATMA ÜNAL , DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU

ABSTRACT Artichokes are traditionally used as a medicinal plant and consumed fresh or canned since ancient times. It has been known that artichoke extracts possess many pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-mutagenic, and anti-proliferative effects. It is a good source of natural phytochemicals such as flavonoids (mainly apigenin and luteolin) and hydroxycinnamic acids (mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acids i.e.). Cynarin, a phenolic compound present especially in leaves, is a type of di-caffeoylquinic acid in artichoke. It has strong antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of cynarin against MMC induced micronuclei in human lymphocytes (HLs). HLs from two healthy donors (1 male and 1 female) were incubated with different concentrations of cynarin (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 µg/mL) alone and simultaneously with mitomycin-C (MMC, 0.20 µg/mL) at 37ºC for 48 h. A negative (sterile distilled water), a solvent (50% methanol) and a positive control (MMC, 0.20 µg/mL) were also run. Cytochalasin B was added at 44 h of culture for blocking cytokinesis. Totally, 2000 well-spread binucleated cells (1000 binucleated cells per donor) were examined for each treatment. All the concentrations of Cynarin alone did not induce statistically significant micronuclei formation compared to controls. Simultaneous treatment of Cynarin+MMC diminished the frequency of micronuclei induced by MMC alone compared to positive control in all the concentrations (except 6.25 µg/mL). However, this decline was significant at only 12.5 µg/mL concentration. The results of this study showed that cynarin neither genotoxic alone nor strong antigenotoxic against MMC induced MN formation.

KEYWORDS Cynarin, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, micronucleus

Corresponding Author: ESRA ERİKEL, esraerikel@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ

932

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 836

CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF FRUIT AND LEAF EXTRACTS OF E. ELATERIUM AGAINST MALIGN MELANOMA 1

FATMA AYDOĞMUŞ ÖZTÜRK , KERIMAN GÜNAYDIN , MEHMET ÖZTÜRK , MUHAMMAD IQBAL CHOUDHARY

ABSTRACT Ecballium elaterium, a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is a poisonous plant. The fruit of the plant is used in different regions of the world to treat sinusitis traditionally. It was reported that it exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, purgative, cardiovascular, analgesic and antipyretic. To the best of our knowledge, the studies have been continuing for searching a cure to skin cancer. Recently, the incidence of mortality from malignant melanoma of the skin has been rising rapidly in white populations around the world for many years. It accounts for 75% of skin cancer-related deaths in the world, although the incidence is 4% in all skin cancers. As a continuous of our study, Ecballium elaterium was studied against Malign Melanoma cell lines (HT 144). In this study, cytotoxic activity, intracellular ROS production, apoptosis of fruit and leaf extracts of E. elaterium were investigated against malign melanoma cells. Our results revealed that the extracts exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against HT 144. The extracts induced cell death through apoptosis was used Annexin V/PI. E. elaterium fruit and leaf methanolic extracts also promoted the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, it can be concluded that the cytotoxic activity of E. elaterium extracts induced apoptosis through generation of ROS.

KEYWORDS Malign melanoma, Ecballium elaterium, cytotoxicity, ROS, apoptosis

Corresponding Author: FATMA AYDOĞMUŞ ÖZTÜRK, ftmaydogmus@gmail.com 1 MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 KARACHİ UNİVERSİTY

933

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 837

DOES LUTEOLIN PROTECTS DNA AGAINST GENOTOXINS? 1

ESRA ERIKEL , DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU , FATMA ÜNAL

ABSTRACT Compounds that can resist or repair genetic damage caused by a chemical mutagen are known as antigenotoxic agents. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on the antigenotoxic effects of phytochemicals. Especially, there has been a growing interest in chemopreventive phytochemicals to protect and to develop alternative treatment strategies against many chronic diseases such as cancer. Luteolin, one of the most common flavonoid, exists in medicinal plants and in some vegetables. A major source of luteolin are celery, green pepper, carrots, olives, and artichokes. It is known that this flavonoid has many biological activities such anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, anti-allergic, and anti-cancer. The purpose of this research is to review investigations on genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Luteolin. In vivo and in vitro studies using different genotoxicity tests and model organisms have been compiled to include genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of luteolin against DNA damage induced by various genotoxins (mitomycin -C, aflatoxin B1, and hydrogen peroxide i.e.). Numerous studies have demonstrated that luteolin exhibits protective effect against genetic damage caused by different type of mutagens in in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown that luteolin has an anticancer activity against lung, head and neck, prostate, breast, colon, liver, cervical, and skin cancers. Generally, this efficacy of luteolin is associated with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. Thus, it is believed that luteolin could be a potent chemopreventive agent.

KEYWORDS Luteolin, genotoxicity, antigenotoxicity, cancer

Corresponding Author: ESRA ERİKEL, esraerikel@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ

934

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 838

ISOLATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF TURMERIC AND THEIR SEMI-SYNTHETIC MODIFICATIONS 1

GULAY ZENGIN , MERVE FIRAT , HUSEYIN ZENGIN

ABSTRACT Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a perennial herb of the ginger or Zingiberaceae family. It is cultivated mainly in India, China and South East Asia. The turmeric plant has underground rhizomes, otherwise known as its root, and is a valuable part of this plant, having culinary and medicinal properties. It’s scientific history is covered by two centuries of research. It was in the year 1815 when it was first isolated [1] and later in 1870 it’s crystalline form was presented [2], being identified as 1, 6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) (1E,6E) or diferuloylmethane. Potential medicinal benefits of turmeric is described in the literature on many occassions, and include antimicrobial and anti-cancer properties, among many others. The literature describes turmeric as an orange-yellow crystalline powder, and with respect to its solubility it is considered to be soluble in ethanol, dimethylsulfoxide, and acetone and insoluble in water and ether [3,4]. The characteristic colour of turmeric is due to the presence of cucurmin, the principal curcurminoid found in turmeric. The word curcuminoid has been coined to refer to as the chemical constituents of turmeric and include mainly curcumin (~70%), demethoxycurcumin (~17%) and bis-demethoxycurcumin (~3%), also known as curcumin I, II and III, respectively. Curcumin exists as the keto-enol tautomeric forms, where the keto form predominates in acidic and neutral solutions and enol in alkaline solutions [5]. The aim of this study was to extract and isolate components to be reacted with other compounds, in order to synthesize semi-synthetic compounds of improved medicinal uses. Typical spectroscopic techniques, such as, GC-MS, NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and Photoluminescence will be used for characterization purposes and in vitro biological and pharmacology data of these new semi-synthetic derivatives will be obtained. REFERENCES [1] Vogel, H. A., Pelletier, J. Curcumin-Biological and Medicinal Properties, J. Pharma., 1815, 2, 50. [2] Daube F. V. Uber Curcumin, den Farbstoff der Curcumawurzel, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1870, 3, 609-613. [3] Milobedeska, J., Kostanecki, V., Lampe, V. Structure of Curcumin, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1910, 43, 2163-2170. [4] Lampe, V., Milobedeska, J. Studien über Curcumin, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 1913, 46, 2235-2240. [5] Priyadarsini, K. I. Photophysics, Photochemistry and Photobiology of Curcumin: Studies from Organic Solutions, Bio-Mimetics and Living Cells, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C: Photochem. Rev., 2009, 10, 81-96.

KEYWORDS turmeric, curcumin, anti-microbial properties, photoluminescence

Corresponding Author: MERVE FİRAT, firatmerve0777@gmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE AND LİTERATURE, GAZİANTEP UNİVERSİTY, GAZİANTEP, 27310

935

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 839

IDENTIFICATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF WALNUT KERNELS AND THEIR SOAP PREPARATION 1

HUSEYIN ZENGIN , OZDEN DOGAN , GULAY ZENGIN

ABSTRACT Walnuts are the nuts of temperate regions and belong to the Juglandaceae plant family. They are considered to be the oldest cultivated fruit in the world [1]. Walnuts and grow on large trees and bear edible nuts described as kernels; the most outer part a tough leathery husk, then the hard shell enclosing these kernels. A diet intake of these flavorable nuts provides beneficial effects on the human health, such as the lowering of blood cholesterol [2] and cardiovascular protection [3]. There many varieties of walnuts but the main types are the Persian or English walnut (Juglans regia L.), Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and White walnut (Juglans cinerea L.). Walnut kernels are rich in oil content, varing from 52-70%, where cultivar, location and irrigation rate affects this amount [4]. Hence, due to the high fat content, walnuts may assist in skin treaments for the care and repair of skin functions and thus provide valuable cosmetic value. The literature provides a wide variety of other medicinal applications of walnuts and include anti-cancer [5], and anti-microbial properties [6]. The goal of the study was to extract, isolate and identify the components of walnut kernels. Extraction was to be ahieved by the soxhlet extraction technique. The extracts were then to be tested for their antimicrobial effects. The collected walnut kernel oils will be utilized for soap making purposes. REFERENCES [1] Caglarirmak, N. Biochemical and Physical Properties of Some Walnut Genotypes (Juglans regia L.), Nahrung, 2003, 47(1), 28-32. [2] Savage, G. P. Chemical composition of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) grown in New Zealand, Plant Food Hum. Nutr., 2001, 56(1), 75-82. [3] Simopoulos A. P. Essential Fatty Acids in Health and Chronic Disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999, 70(3), 560-569 (Suppl.). [4] Ozkan, G., Koyuncu, M. A. Physical and Chemical Composition of Some Walnut (Juglan regia L.) Genotype Grown in Turkey, Grasas Aceites, 2005, 56(2), 142-146. [5] Hardman, W. E. , Ion, G. Suppression of Implanted MDA-MB 231 Human Breast Cancer Growth in Nude Mice by Dietary Walnut, Nutr. Cancer, 2008, 60(5), 666-674. [6] Noumi, E., Snoussi, M., Hajlaoui, H., Valentin, E., Bakhrouf, A. Antifungal Properties of Salvadora Persica and Juglans regia L. Extracts Against Oral Candida Strains, Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 2010, 29(1), 81-88.

KEYWORDS walnut kernel, oil, anti-microbial effects, soap

Corresponding Author: OZDEN DOGAN, ozdnndognn@gmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE AND LİTERATURE, GAZİANTEP UNİVERSİTY, GAZİANTEP, 27310

936

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 840

DETERMINATION OF THE COMPONENTS OF CRANBERRY SEEDS AND THEIR ANTI-MICROBIAL EFFECTS AND SOAP PREPARATION FROM CRANBERRY SEED OIL 1

HUSEYIN ZENGIN , ADEM MERT , GULAY ZENGIN

ABSTRACT Cranberries are evergreen dwarf shrubs found worldwide, and fall under the genus Vaccinium, and their subgenii include oxycoccos, erythrocarpum, macrocarpon and microcarpum, depending, on the region of cultivation. Cranberry fruit is a berry of admirable sweet sour taste. They have health promoting qualites and may contribute colour, flavour, and nutritional value, allowing them to be used as dyes, foodstuff and dietary supplements. They are well known for their rich phenolic compound content [1], and have been shown to exhibit beneficial anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative properties [2]. Research on the health benefits of cranberries has been provided in the literature on numerous occassions [3,4]. The literature gives a report on the anti-adhesion effects of cranberries, leading to bioactivitiy against urinary tract infections [5]. Anti-adhesion effects were also observed in another study, offering promise in the prevention and cure of ulcers due to Helicobacter pylori infections [6]. Cranberry seeds are described as being the waste material of cranberry fruit. However, the oils extracted from these seeds are known for their fine quality and invaluable cosmeceutical applications. Cranberry seed oil (CSO) is rich in tocotrienols and tocopherols (Vitamin E), and other anti-oxidants, and has significant amounts of Vitamin A [7], and thus can help nourish, soothe and moisturize skin and hair. The purpose of the study was to isolate and identify the components of CSO. Several CSO extraction procedures will be presented and compared for optimal oil yields. The CSO extracts will be evaluated for their anti-microbial properties, and the extracts collected will be utilized for CSO soap preparations. REFERENCES [1] Singh, A. P., Wilson, T., Kalk, A. J., Cheong, J., Vorsa, N. Isolation of Specific Cranberry Flavonoids for Biological Activity Assessment, Food Chem., 2009, 116, 963968. [2] Sun, J., Chu, Y. F., Wu, X. Z., Liu, R. H., Antioxidant and Anti Proliferative Activities of Common Fruits, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 7449-7454. [3] Hakkinen, S., Heinonen, M., Karenlampi, S., Mykkanen, H., Ruuskanen, J., Torronen, R. Screening of Selected Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in 19 Berries, Food Res. Int., 1999, 32 345-353. [4] Cote, J., Caillet, S., Doyon, G., Sylvain, J. F., Lacroix, M. Bioactive Compounds in Cranberries and their Biological Properties, Crit. Rev. Food Sci., 2010, 50, 666-679. [5] Howell, A. B. Cranberry Proanthocyanidins and the Maintenance of Urinary Tract Health, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2002, 42, 273-278. [6] Burger, O., Weiss, E. I., Sharon, N., Tabak, M., Neeman, I., Ofek, I. Inhibition of Helicobacter Pylori Adhesion to Human Gastric Mucus by a High-Molecular-Weight Constituent of Cranberry Juice, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 2002, 42 (Suppl.), 279-284. [7] Nawar, W. W. Tocotrienols and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cranberry Seed Oil, FASEB J., 2001, 15(5), A985-A985.

Corresponding Author: ADEM MERT, ademmert@gantep.edu.tr 1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE AND LİTERATURE, GAZİANTEP UNİVERSİTY, GAZİANTEP, 27310

937

KEYWORDS cranberry fruit, cranberry seed oil, anti-microbial effects, soap

938

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 841

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTI-MICROBIAL STUDIES OF DOPAMINE-DERIVED SULFONAMIDES 1

GULAY ZENGIN , MUDHAFAR SALLOOM AHMED AL TAMEEMI , HUSEYIN ZENGIN

ABSTRACT Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine neurochemical having neurohormonal functions that include cognition, and coordination. In addition to being present in the human body, it is found in many types of food. DA is essential for the proper life-dependent functions of the human body, and plays an important role in many diseases and disorders, of which Parkinson’s disease [1] and schizophrenia [2] are the most common ill conditions. Further, DA has also been shown to have antioxidant properties [3], effectively scavengering any superoxide and hydroxyl radicals (O2•- and HO•-, respectively), and thus has been widely used in the food industry, as well as for medicines. The literature provides work on DA and various derivatives of pharmaceutical applications, and as antioxidants and anti-microbial agents in the food and cosmetic industry. Sulfonamide-type drugs are known for their varied biological applications, and are particularly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections, bronchitis and malaria [4]. The aim of this study was to synthesize new dopaminesulfonamide derivatives with valuable medicinal properties, for potential use in the treatment of various ill states and disorders, and for application in food and cosmetics. The characterization techniques to be used include FT-IR, UV-Vis, GC-MS, NMR and Photoluminescence. Further, invitro biological and pharmacology data for the synthesized novel dopamine-sulfonamide derivatives will also be obtained. REFERENCES [1] Mueller, T. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors in Parkinson's Disease, Drugs, 2015, 75, 157-174. [2] Howes, O., McCutcheon, R., Stone, J. Glutamate and Dopamine in Schizophrenia: An Update for the 21st Century, J. Psychopharmacol., 2015, 29(2), 97-115. [3] Yen G. C., Hsieh C. L. Antioxidant Effects of Dopamine and Related Compounds, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 1997, 61, 1646-1649. [4] Hansch C., Sammes P. G., Taylor J. B. Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, Vol. 2, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1990.

KEYWORDS dopamine, sulfonamide, anti-microbial properties, photoluminescence

Corresponding Author: MUDHAFAR SALLOOM AHMED AL TAMEEMİ, mudhafarahmed76@gmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE AND LİTERATURE, GAZİANTEP UNİVERSİTY, GAZİANTEP, 27310 2 BİOCHEMİCAL SCİENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLİED SCİENCE, GAZİANTEP UNİVERSİTY, GAZİANTEP, 27310

939

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 842

EFFECTIVENESS OF GARLIC ON HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE 1

ÇAĞLAR AKÇALI , ASLI UÇAR

ABSTRACT Death rates due to cardiovascular diseases is the first in the world and in our country. Recently it has been reported that garlic has lowered blood pressure and therefore has a positive effect in preventing cardiovascular diseases. This effect was associated with the “alicin” compound found in garlic. While this compound regulates the blood pressure with the help of angiotensin-II inhibition and vasodilator effect, its mechanism of action is still contradictive. It has been stated that garlic and allisin that is its active metabolite cause a nitric oxide dependent relaxation on pulmonic arteries that are isolated from rats. It has been asserted that gamma-glutamyl–S-allyl cysteine which is a peptide in garlic inhibits an enzyme that takes a role in production of certain hormones increasing blood pressure. Moreover, it has been stated that garlic regulates the blood pressure of hypotensive people. Garlic is the second most common consuming food among individuals with cardiovascular diseases due to these effects. It is used in many European countries such as Germany, England and Austria due to its nutraceutical properties. Some studies suggest that garlic and garlic derived bioactives have important medicinal features with the potential for ameliorating hypertension. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the studies which searched garlics’ effect on blood pressure, and to make recommendations interested with nutrition.

KEYWORDS garlic, blood pressure, alicin, nutrition

Corresponding Author: ÇAĞLAR AKÇALI, akcalicaglar@gmail.com 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

940

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 843

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES AND PHENOLIC COMPONENTS OF PRUNUS SPINOSA L. BRANCHES, LEAF AND FRUITS FROM TEKIRDAG 1

GÜLŞAH YILMAZ , YAKUP ŞİRİN , HILAL EBRU ÇAKIR , SEVGI KOLAYLI

ABSTRACT Prunus spinosa, named in traditional as çakal plum, or güvem plum, a species from the family of Rosaceae. A wide distribution area is shown in Anatolia. This plum type is widely consumed as fresh, dried or marmalade. The high antioxidant capacity of the fruit is depends on polyphenols compositions and this changed collected area geographical properties.1 In this study, polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities of Güvem plum was studied in the three paert of stembark, leaf and fruit collected from Tekirdağ Muratlı region. The total phenolic contents of the ethanolic extracts was found 382, 927 and 956 mg GAE / 100 g in fruit, leaf and branch, respectively. Rutin was the major component. While rutin, epicatechin and ferulic acid were detected in stembarks, vanillic acid, -OH benzoic acid and p-coumaric acid were found in the fruits. Syringic acid and cinnamic acid were detected only on the leaf side. Compared with other studies, Gümüşhane species, vanillic acid and benzoic acid were major components of the fruit, but it was found that other polyphenols were changed. As a result, the stembark and leaves of Gövem plum is rich in flavanoids, and it is beneficial for public health to evaluate these parts as phytotherapy. References 1. Aliyazicioğlu, R., Yildiz,O., Sahin, H.,Eyuğolu, O. E., Ozkan, M.T., Karaoğlu, S. Kolaylı,S. Phenolic Components and Antioxidant Activity of Prunus spinosa from Gumushane, Turkey. Chemistry of Natural Compounds , 51, 2 346-349, 2015.

KEYWORDS Guvem plum, antioxidant, phenolics, flavanolids, Tekirdag

Corresponding Author: GÜLŞAH YILMAZ, ylmzgulsah@gmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ

941

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 844

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PREPARATION CONDITIONS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF CINNAMON, CLOVE AND HIBISCUS TEAS 1

FATMA GIZEM AKÇAKAYA , LEVENT YURDAER AYDEMIR

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of different preparation conditions on the antioxidant activities of cinnamon, clove and hibiscus teas were investigated. The teas were prepared by infusion at 95°C and decoction of dried plant materials (2 g/40 ml deionized water) for 5 and 10 minutes. Total phenolic contents (TPC), free radical scavenging activities (FRSA), and iron chelating capacities (ICC) of teas were determined and their antioxidant potentials were evaluated by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and measuring the Fe2+ chelating capacity, respectively. The highest TPC and FRSA values were determined for hibiscus teas and varied from 19580 to 52779 μg gallic acid/g and from 54.86 to 73.91 μmol trolox/g, respectively. Hibiscus teas had between 2 and 45 times higher TPC and between 1.25 and 17 times higher FRSA than other tea samples. As the infusion time increased from 5 to 10 minutes, TPC (between 12 and 87%), FRSA (between 62 and 93% - except for clove teas) and ICC (more than 500%) values of teas were significantly increased (P˂0,05). Particularly cinnamon tea had the highest increment in antioxidant parameters among teas. On the other hand, decoction process had reverse situation and all parameters were inversely changed as the time was increased (P˂0,05). Only ICC of clove tea increased almost 4 times. In hibiscus tea, TFC was conserved while FRSA was decreased for 25% as the decoction time was increased. However, decoction process produced teas with lower TPCs compared those of produced with infusion process, FRSA values of teas were higher in 5 minute-decoction but lower in 10-minute-decoction (P˂0,05). This study revealed the potential of mostly consumed teas to use as natural antioxidant additive in functional food formulations by determining the variations in their antioxidant activities depending on the preparation conditions. For better evaluation, further studies are needed to determine the storage stability of teas and formation of powder from teas by lyophilization or spray drying.

KEYWORDS cinnamon, clove, hibiscus, antioxidant activity, functional food

Corresponding Author: LEVENT YURDAER AYDEMİR, lyaydemir@adanabtu.edu.tr 1 ADANA BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

942

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 845

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ROSA CANINA SPECIES COLLECTED FROM TURKEY 1

MESUT IŞIK , HÜSEYIN KANBUR , EMRAH DİKİCİ , FATIH TOZOĞLU , ŞÜKRÜ BEYDEMİR , İLHAMI GÜLÇİN , 7 EKREM KÖKSAL

ABSTRACT Plants generate secondary metabolites, which could be used as novel therapeutic compounds. These compounds are well known for their beneficial effects on human health. Thus, it is important to evaluate total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activities of different plants. The present study was conducted to determine the total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract prepared from fruits of Rosa canina. This black Rosa canina is only grown in Gümüşhane, Bayburt, Ağrı and Erzurum in our country. The total phenolic content of the ethanol extract of the sample were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity of Rosa canina was determined using different in vitro experimental models, which include DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and potassium thiocyanate method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Rosa canina were found to be 153,4 mg GAE/g and 13,8 mg QE /g, respectively. Antioxidant activity of the sample was comparable to commercial antioxidant standards (BHT, α- tocopherol and trolox). The results showed that Rosa canina has moderate free radical scavenging and reducing capacity. Overall, this study discovers total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant properties of Rosa canina.

KEYWORDS Antioxidant, Rosa canina, oxidative stress

Corresponding Author: FATİH TOZOĞLU, fatih.tozoglu@adu.edu.tr 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 AKSARAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ 4 ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ 5 ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 6 ATATÜRK ÜNİVERİTESİ 7 ERZİNCAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

943

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 846

POLLEN AND NUTLET MORPHOLOGY OF TWO MEDICINAL SALVIA L. (LAMIACEAE) TAXA IN HATAY 1

AHMET İLÇİM , BERNA DEMİR , FARUK KARAHAN

ABSTRACT The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae), is represented by 950-100 taxa worldwide. The genus has been widely distributed in five regions of the world; central and South America (*500 spp.), western Asia (*200 spp.), eastern Asia (*100 spp.), Africa (*60spp.) and Europe (*36 spp.). Turkey is one of the centres of diversity regions in Southwest Asia with 99 Salvia species. Turkey is main center of diversity for the genus. Of the 97 Salvia taxa in Turkey, 51 are endemic to the country and endemism rate of the genus is 52,5%. In this study, pollen and seed morphology of Salvia sericeo-tomentosa var. tomentosa L. and Salvia sericeo-tomentosa var. hatayica L. endemic for Turkey were investigated. Plants specimens used in this study were collected from Çevlik coastal area (C6 Hatay) in vegetation period in 2016. The detailed pollen and seed morphological structures of Salvia sericeo-tomentosa var. tomentosa L. and sericeo-tomentosa var. hatayica L. were comparatively studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the SEM investigations pollen grains were directly placed onto stubs, sputter-coated with gold, and examined by ZEISS Evo LS10 scanning electron microscope. Palynological analysis showed that the polen shape of S. sericeo-tomentosa var. hatayica is oblate, but S. sericeo-tomentosa var. tomentosa is suboblate. The ornamentasyon are reticulate and bireticulate. Aperture number/type is similar (6-colpus). The nutlets are subprolate and prolate-spheroidal. nutlet surface sculpturing are reticulate. However according to size of nutlets, Salvia sericeo-tomentosa var. hatayica (1,58x,66 mm) is bigger than S. sericeo-tomentosa var. tomentosa (1,28x1,62 mm). The results demonstrated that pollen and seed micromorphology useful for the identification of these species. We believe that fınding of this study will significantly contribute to the biodiversity and taxonomy studies of medicinal endemic plant species at local and regional scales.

KEYWORDS Lamiaceae, Salvia, Pollen morphology, Seed morphology, SEM.

Corresponding Author: BERNA DEMİR, bernademir1067@gmail.com 1 MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ

944

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 847

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BEE POLLEN FROM EREĞLI (KONYA, TURKEY) REGION 1

GÖKHAN ZENGİN , HALUK OZPARLAK , RAMAZAN CEYLAN

ABSTRACT Pollen of bee is one of the purest and the richest natural food supplements packed by honeybees into granules and subsequently harvested from hives by humans. Honeybee-collected pollen is composed of nutritionally essential substances such as proteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, mineral substances and trace elements. Its beneficial effect on health is thought to be due to the presence of phenolic compounds with its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of honeybee-collected pollen from Ereğli (Konya, Turkey) region for the first time. In this study, ultrasonication assisted extraction method was used in contrast to routine methods. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents present in the extract were also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 assays. Antioxidant activities were investigated by using different assays, including free radical scavenging assays (DPPH and ABTS) reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating assays. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 15.90 mgGAE/g extract and 4.89 mgRE/g extract, respectively. The extract was more effective than ABTS (34.77 mgTE/g extract) as compared to DPPH (19.64 mgTE/g extract). Moreover, the reducing abilities were 77.12 mgTE/g extract for CUPRAC and 18.02 mgTE/g extract for FRAP. Molybdenum reducing power was found to be 260.54 mgTE/g extract. Ferrous chelating power was 9.47 mgEDTA/g extract. Results indicate that, pollen of bee from Ereğli region could be considered as a natural source of high-valued functional ingredients for further use in healthful formulations.

KEYWORDS Bee pollen, Ereğli, Free radical scavenging, Konya, Total flavonoid, Total phenolic.

Corresponding Author: HALUK OZPARLAK, hozparlak@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, SCİENCE FACULTY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, KONYA, TURKEY

945

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 848

IN VITRO ENZYME INHIBITORY PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BEE POLLEN FROM EREĞLI (KONYA, TURKEY) REGION 1

GOKHAN ZENGIN , HALUK OZPARLAK , RAMAZAN CEYLAN

ABSTRACT Bee pollen is a valuable apitherapeutic product greatly appreciated by the natural medicine because of its potential nutritional and medical applications. In the last three decades many papers have been published on issues concerning bee pollen. Although many studies have been conducted on bee pollen and other bee products, there are few studies of enzyme inhibition. Therefore, the enzyme inhibitory potentials of ethanolic extract of honeybee-collected pollen from Ereğli (Konya, Turkey) region were investigated against cholinesterase, amylase and glucosidase for the first time. In this study, ultrasonication assisted extraction method was used in contrast to routine methods. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory potentials were measured with a microplate reader. The activities were evaluated as standard equivalents. The extract was found to be effective on these enzymes. Acetylcholine- and butrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were 2.51 mgGALAE/g and 1.70 mgGALAE/g, respectively. Anti-diabetic activity was evaluated with α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions and the results were determined as 0.34 mmolACAE/g and 2.57 mmolACAE/g extract, respectively. The results suggested that honeybee-collected pollen from Ereğli region could be considered as a source of natural enzyme inhibitors for the treatment of major health problems such as Alzheimer Disease and Diabetes mellitus.

KEYWORDS Bee pollen, Enzyme inhibition, Ereğli, Konya, Natural agents.

Corresponding Author: HALUK OZPARLAK, hozparlak@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, SCİENCE FACULTY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, KONYA, TURKEY

946

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 849

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF POPLAR MUSHROOM (AGROCYBE AEGERITA) AND WOOD CHICKEN MUSHROOM (LEATIPORUS SULPHUREUS) SPECIES EYUP BAŞER

ABSTRACT In this study, some characteristics of the species of poplar mushroom (Agrocybe aergerita) and wood chicken mushroom (Leatiporus sulphureus) identified in Konya ecology have been discussed. The poplar mushroom was found in the root zone of poplar tree and the wood chicken mushroom was found on trunk of the black willow tree (Salix nigra). Poplar mushroom is a kind of mushroom which is on the white stalk with a cap and milky coffee color, non-poisonous, edible and delicious. If poplar mushroom spores are present in the roots or logs of old poplar trees, they grow spontaneously when ambient conditions occur. Mushrooms can harvest in 20-28 days, if mushroom spores begin to develop after rainfall in spring and autumn, when the relative humidity reaches 95-100% and the temperature reaches 21-27 0C in Konya central ecology. Poplar mushroom is a natural type of Turkey nature and is not culturally cultivated but it is seen in the nature of Asia, Europe and Australia and culture is also being made. The wood chicken mushroom known as sulfur mushroom is a kind of edible mushroom species from the Polyporaceae family. The taste is known as chicken mushroom because it is similar to chicken meat taste. Chickens are easily recognized by their large clusters of overlapping brackets, and bright yellow-orangish colors. The colors fade as the mushroom grows older. Its appearance is impressive, like an opened large flower that in fleshy, in large chunks, and weight can be too much. The chicken mushroom tree which is the subject of my work of this study, have been identified in the fall on the ordinary willow tree (Salix nigra). It has been reported in the literature in which chicken mushrooms are also found in eucalyptus, elm and walnut trees. If the chicken mushroom is not harvested on the tree, it becomes aged and becomes wood. Fresh mushrooms should be preferred for consumption. Wood chicken mushrooms can cause allergies in some people. Adults should consume a small amount by trying. It has been reported that wood chicken mushrooms cause some problems such as hallucinations and ataxia in children and that consumption is not appropriate. As a result, the types of poplar and wood chicken mushrooms found in the central ecology of Konya are not among the cultivated mushroom species that are very well known in Turkey. It has been concluded that it is appropriate to study for cultivation these mushroom species in terms of human nutrition and economic contribution.

KEYWORDS poplar mushroom, Agrocybe aegerita, wood chicken mushroom, Leatiporus sulphureus

Corresponding Author: EYUP BAŞER, ebaser32@gmail.com 1 BAHRİ DAĞDAŞ ULUSLARARASI TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ -KONYA

947

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 850

CULTIVATION OF NATURAL PLANTS "MEDICAL MINT" EXAMPLE IN TOKAT-ERBAA 1

TUĞBA ŞAHİN , CEVDET YILMAZ

ABSTRACT The rural part of Tokat's Erbaa County is very rich in terms of medical and aromatic plant diversity, and some people continue their livelihood by collecting them. Some of these plants that grow in natural environment are cultured depending on demand. As a matter of fact, some plants such as rosehip, poppy, fenugreek grass are raised by taking incentives from the government. One of these plants, Medical Mint (Mentha x piperita L.), has grown in size over the last years in terms of the size of the cultivation area, as well as the amount of production. In the research, the subjects such as the production, drying, processing, packaging, marketing and exporting of the medical mint in the rural part of Erbaa have been determined on site by contacting the relevant institutions. The research also examines the place of other plants in natural plant diversity of Erbaa and the potential and emphasizes its contribution of Erbaa and Turkey to the economy in case of making use of this potential. Some of the farmers who participated in the medical and aromatic plant course launched in Erbaa in 2012 applied for the benefit of the relevant monetary grant and incentive for production after they have received their certificates. The mint seedlings brought to Erbaa through a company were replicated by two farmers in an area of 100-150 m² and first production was achieved. Thus, the medical mint whose production started in 2013, soon attracted attention with its efficiency in rural part of Erbaa due to the suitability its geographical conditions. Later, as a result of the fact that purchase guarantee was provided for this plant whose production continued with contracted agriculture method to the producers, they achieved a guaranteed and stable income. The harvest that starts on May, despite changing based on the natural conditions, continues up to November in harvesting 4-5 times. At each harvest, 2 tons per acre are produced. There is also no need for extra labor due to the fact that the natural environment conditions are effective and machinery is used during harvest. The harvested medical mint is dried with natural methods and exported abroad through the related company. There are around 10 farmers who produces it, as well as the farmers who are currently in the preparation stage for sowing. With the increasing demand for natural products, studies on medical and aromatic plants in the world and in Turkey have gained importance. Natural plants and new drugs derived therefrom are becoming more and more important as an alternative to widely used drugs such as antibiotics, etc. The increase in the consumption of these plants as raw materials both in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries has also changed the way these plants are obtained. The production in the form of harvest in the past is being replaced with plantation-type production over time. As demand increases in the market, this transition is accelerating. Increasing market value of natural plants has led to the necessity of readdressing the production and sale of these plants with more scientific methods. In addition, in order to slow down the immigration process from rural areas to urban areas, which is one of the biggest problems of our country, the cultivation of these products in the rural areas provides Corresponding Author: TUĞBA ŞAHİN, tugba.sahin.329@gmail.com 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTÜTÜSÜ 2 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ ORTA ÖĞRETİM SOSYAL ALANLAR EĞİTİMİ

948

an important contribution. The revenue generated is likely to be an important revenue channel for those residing in rural areas and wanting to engage in such agricultural activities. As one of the leading counties in Turkey, Erbaa contributes to the economy of the country through both rural development and exports.

KEYWORDS Medical and Aromatic Plants, Medical Mint, Erbaa, Tokat.

949

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 851

INVESTIGATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TEUCRIUM POLIUM L. DECOCTION AND INFUSION 1

ZÜLEYHA ÖZER , TURGUT KILIÇ , SEMA ÇARIKCI , HASIBE YILMAZ

ABSTRACT Teucrium polium L. belongs to the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae), which is one of the most common and diverse plants in the world, comprising over 150 species. T. polium named as ‘mayasıl otu’ and widely used as herbal tea in folk medicine. Also decoction and infusion of this species is used as treatment diabetes, kidney, liver diseases, stomach and hemorrhoids. In the previously studies antiinflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-bacterial and anti-hypertensive activities of T. polium were reported. In this study, we report the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the decoction and infusion of T.polium. The quantitative amounts of the phenolic compounds were determined by LC/MS-MS. The main compounds and amounts were determined as follow for decoction; fumaric acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, luteolin-5-o-glucoside, palargonin (2060.09; 1167.04; 835.18; 829.96 mg/kg dried herba, respectively). For the infusion samples main compounds and amounts were as follow; fumaric acid, luteolin-7-glucoside, palargonin, luteolin-5-O-glucoside (1456.2; 431.15; 312.5; 278.43mg/kg dried herba, respectively). The antioxidant activities were determined based on three methods: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, β-carotene linoleic acid and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. For all the activity assays, infusion and decoction of the T.polium showed good activity.

KEYWORDS Teucrium polium, decoction, infusion, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity.

Corresponding Author: ZÜLEYHA ÖZER, zuleyhaozer@balikesir.edu.tr 1 BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 TUBITAK (UME)

950

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 854

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SIDERITIS SIPYLEA BOISS. TEA 1

TURGUT KILIÇ , SEMA ÇARIKÇI , ZÜLEYHA ÖZER , HASIBE YILMAZ

ABSTRACT The genus Sideritis (Labiatae=Lamiaceae), collected under two sections, 46 species, 12 subspecies and two varieties in Turkey. The species are widely found in the Mediterranean area especially Spain and Turkey and Turkey is gene center of these species. Moreover Sideritis is one of the genera with high endemism rate, almost 80%. The species have spread especially in Western Anatolia. Sideritis species have been popularly used as herbal tea especially in Aegean and Mediterranean regions for centuries due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcerogenic, digestive and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we aimed to determine phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of infusion and decoction tea samples of the Sideritis sipylea. Fort his purpose, the aerial parts of S. sipylea collected from Sipil Mountain (Manisa)-Turkey, in June 2014. The quantitative amounts of the phenolic compounds were determined by using LC/MS-MS. Fumaric acid and chlorogenic acid were determined as the main components of the both decoction and infusion. The amounts are as follow; fumaric acid (277.7; 281.05 mg/kg dried herba) and chlorogenic acid (204.47; 174.85 mg/kg dried herba) respectively. The antioxidant activities were determined based on three methods: 2,2Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, β-carotene linoleic acid and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. The tea samples of S. tmolea showed good antioxidant activity for all the tested activity assays.

KEYWORDS Sideritis sipylea, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, decoction, infusion

Corresponding Author: TURGUT KILIÇ, tkilic@balikesir.edu.tr 1 BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 TÜBİTAK UME

951

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 855

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SIDERITIS TMOLEA P. H. DAVIS TEA 1

SEMA ÇARIKÇI , TURGUT KILIÇ , ZÜLEYHA ÖZER , HASIBE YILMAZ

ABSTRACT Sideritis L. belongs to the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae), which is one of the most common and diverse plants in the world, comprising over 150 species. Sideritis species are generally known under the names ‘‘adacayi or dagcayi” and widely used as herbal tea in folk medicine in Turkey as well as Europe. Phenols are very important plant constituents because of their scavenging ability on free radicals due to their hydroxyl groups. Therefore, phenolic contents of plants may contribute directly to their antioxidant activity. Sideritis tmolea P.H. Davis, named as Sivri çayı in vernacular, is an endemic species for Turkey. Aerial parts of S. tmolea collected in July 2015 from Bozdağ, Ödemiş in Turkey. In present study, we investigated the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of the decoction and infusion of S. tmolea. The quantitative amounts of the phenolic compounds were determined by using LC/MS-MS. The main compounds and amounts were determined as follow for decoction; fumaric acid, penduletin and chlorogenic acid (240.33; 160.85; 160.21; mg/kg dried herba, respectively). For the infusion samples main compounds and amounts were as follow; fumaric acid, chlorogenic acid and penduletin (238.71; 142.22; 70.22 mg/kg dried herba, respectively). The antioxidant activities were determined based on three methods: 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, β-carotene linoleic acid and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. For all the activity assays, infusion and decoction of the S. tmolea has showed good activity.

KEYWORDS Sideritis tmolea, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, decoction, infusion

Corresponding Author: SEMA ÇARIKÇI, carikci@balikesir.edu.tr 1 BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 TÜBİTAK UME

952

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 856

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF CHERRY LAUREL (LAUROCERASUS OFFICINALIS ROEM.) 1

HILAL ÇAKIR , ZEHRA CAN , SEVGI KOLAYLI , MERYEM KARA

ABSTRACT Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) or taflan is a characteristic summer fruit of Blacksea Region. It’s a variety of cherry that grows up without using agricultural pesticide or fertilizer. It’s mostly consumed as fresh fruit. Also it’s consumed after dried, pickled or boiled as molasses. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and phenolic compositions of the edible parts of the fruits were investigated in this study. The quantity of total phenolic content was found as 280 mg GAE /100 g fresh fruit according to Folin-Ciocalteu method, total flavonoid content was found as 7.2 mg QUE/100 g and total antioxidant activity was found as determined by using HPLC-UV system. While the major component was found as vanillic acid; syringic acid, epicatechin, gallic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, luteolin, p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid were determined in a descending sort. The cherry laurel fruit that has high phenolic content and antioxidant capacity is a valuable natural fruit for preventive medicine. It will be beneficiary to extend it’s utilization by cultivation and to return it to the economy.

KEYWORDS Cherry laurel, Laurocerasus officinalis Roem., phenolic compounds, antioxidant

Corresponding Author: MERYEM KARA, meryemkaram72@gmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ 2 GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ŞEBİNKARAHİSAR TEKNİK BİLİMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, 3 SELÇUK UNİVERSİTY CUMRA VOCATİONAL HİGH SCHOOL

953

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 857

RELATION OF MINERAL COMPONENTS IN OUR NUTRITION AND CANCER YAVUZ YÜKSEL

ABSTRACT Cancer is one of the most important diseases of today. There are many types of cancer. Every type of cancer is affected by many factors. In some societies, the incidence and type of cancer and their lifestyle, culture and nutritional habits have been compared. Misnutrition is one of the causes of cancer. Reduction of cancer risk can be achieved through proper nutrition. We take many food items with our food in our bodies. While some nutrients help prevent cancer formation, some nutrients can also increase. Minerals, which are a major factor in the survival of our vital functions, are one of these nutrients, even though they are small in quantity. In our regular work of our body, more than 20 denier minerals are involved. Some minerals help prevent cancer, while others cause cancers. Some of them affect both ways, depending on their intake patterns. In this study, information on the types of minerals found in foods and the positive or negative effects on cancer were compiled.

KEYWORDS Nutrition, Mineral components, Cancer

Corresponding Author: YAVUZ YÜKSEL, yavuzyuksel@balikesir.edu.tr 1 BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

954

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 858

THE RESEARCH OF THE USING OF OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA, A MEDICAL AROMATIC PLANT IN THE FIELD OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE 1

ŞÜHEDA BASIRE AKÇA , LEVENT YAZİCİ , KÜBRA YAZİCİ

ABSTRACT The plants which are significant element of landscape arrangement are used to form both living and livible places. Being the core elements of green places, plants fulfill so many tasks in terms of functionality, esthetic and ecology. In this regard, xerophilous landscape movement has gradually become widespread nowaydays and instead of common cultivated plants, the usage of natural plants has been increased in planting works. Opuntia ficus-indica from opuntia kind, is a plant of cactus (Cactaceae) family. In Turkish, some different names such as ‘’frenk inciri, frenk yemişi, dikenli incir’’ or public saying ‘’kaynanadili’’ are used. This plant can be seen in West and South Anatolia. As it is an edible fruit, it is a means of living for people. In this study, the using of Opuntia ficusindica in the area of landscape architecture for ornamental purposes and application (aesthetic and functional properties) opportunities are evaluated.

KEYWORDS Opuntia ficus, Landscape, Medicinal plant

Corresponding Author: ŞÜHEDA BASİRE AKÇA, suhedabasire@hotmail.com 1 BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ÇAYCUMA GIDA VE TARIM MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU- ZONGULDAK 2 ORTA KARADENİZ GEÇİT KUŞAĞI TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ, TOKAT 3 GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ,BAHÇE BİTKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ- TOKAT

955

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 860

A TOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS 1

KEVSER YÜKSEL , GÜLDEN ZEHRA OMURTAG

ABSTRACT Genetically modified organisms (GMO) has been a question of debate in science for years. Production of GMO’s is increasing gradually. They take place in numerous fields of our lives and they benefit us, however they also have risks. Thus society approaches GMO’s with suspician. But the gene technology that takes place in various sectors from agriculture to health, is a new technology and it has been improving fast. Therefore there are not sufficient scientific data about the subject, such as; long term studies or human trials to prove those risks. Even so, it is an acknowledged necessity to approach this process with caution.

KEYWORDS Foods, genetically modified organisms, toxicology

Corresponding Author: KEVSER YÜKSEL, kevser.yuksel2@gmail.com 1 İSTANBUL MEDİPOL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

956

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 861

UTILIZATION OF ESSENTIAL OILS AS BIOPESTICIDES 1

SEMA DEMİR , BANU AKGÜN , MERTIN HAMZAOĞLU

ABSTRACT Essential oils are lipophilic and highly volatile secondary metabolites of plants. They are extracted from more than 17,000 aromatic plant species commonly belonging to angiospermic families Lamiaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Zingiberaceae and Asteraceae. They have insecticidal, nematicidal, ovicidal, fungicidal and bactericidal effects against pathogens and pests owing to the active biochemical compounds. Mode of action of these effects is based on the ability to disrupt the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria and fungi, leading to lysis and leakage of intracellular. There is an increasing demand for alternative strategies to control of insect pests for avoiding the negative effects of the chemical control of pests. From this aspect, biopesticides is one of the best alternative strategies for eco-friendly and relatively safe pest management. Biopesticides are much more active to the targeted pests as opposed to synthetic pesticides that have harmful effects to birds, mammalian species and human. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), about 1000 million metric tons of food is wasted each year because of mycotoxins produced by moulds during storage. Boswellia carterii essential oil is recommended for fumigation against these moulds and aflatoxin metabolites. “Active packaging” that is based on adding active compounds in the packaging material is one of the most promising innovations for food preservation. In this context, the use of citronella essential oil in a coating material for carton packages has been published in a study, recently.

KEYWORDS essential oils, biopesticides, food preservation

Corresponding Author: SEMA DEMİR, sema.demir@tarim.gov.tr 1 GIDA VE YEM KONTROL MERKEZ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

957

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 862

CLINICAL STUDIES EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF ALOE VERA IN SKIN CONDITIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ZEHRA GÖK METIN

ABSTRACT Background: Aloe vera is a succulent from the Aloe family includes 400 different species, a tropical plant which is easily grown in hot and dry climates and widely distributed in Asia, Africa and other tropical areas. The use of Aloe vera is being promoted for a large variety of skin conditions. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize all skin oriented clinical studies on Aloe vera products in human subjects. Methods: Extensive literature search were carried out to identify all clinical studies published between 1991-2017 years on the subject. Data were extracted from PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar data bases a predefined standardized manner using Aloe vera, clinical trial, psoriasis, burn, skin condition, wound-healing research terms. All studies published in English were read by author and data were extracted in a standardized, predefined manner. Results: A total of thirty-seven studies met inclusion criteria. They were characterized by different study designs including doubleblind placebo-controlled or double blind controlled (n=27), experimental (n=7) and case-reports (n=3). Total of 3001 patients participated in all studies. The mean age of participants was 42,2 years. The big majority of studies were performed in Asian countries (45.9%), USA (18.9), and European countries (18.9%). Duration of intervention varied between two days and nine months. Aloe vera applied orally or topically once, twice, third or four times throughout the day. Studies focused on dermatitis (n=10), wound-healing process (n=6), oral-mucosa related problems including stomatitis, radiotherapyinduced mucositis, and burning mouth syndrome (n=5), lichen planus (n=3), psoriasis (n=3), burn (n=3), dry skin (n=3) and other skin-conditions involved ultraviolet erythema test, acne vulgaris, scabies and sulfur mustard exposure (n=4). Dermatitis-related studies on topical administration of Aloe vera had contradictory findings whether Aloe vera was effective (n=5) or not (n=5). As for oral mucosa-related problems, studies (n=2) indicated that use of Aloe vera had superior impact on radiation-related mucositis rather than placebo and was as effective as placebo in remaining studies (n=3). Studies (n=3) conducted in oral-vulval Lichen Planus reported that Aloe vera gel reduced erosive and ulcerative lesions and assisted a complete clinical remission. Considering psoriasis studies, two of those found that placebo was more effective than Aloe vera, while one of them showed Aloe vera was superior that of placebo. Likely, wound-healing studies founded misleading findings including beneficial (n=4), harmful (n=1) or no effects (n=1). In addition, Aloe vera showed a significant effect on second-degree burn (n=1) or no superior effects than placebo in patients with sunburn or sun exposure (n=2). All studies (n=3) implied that Aloe vera was efficacious for dry-skin problem. Other skin-related studies (n=4) involving ultraviolet erythema test, acne vulgaris, scabies and sulfur mustard exposure problems stated promoting results including significant reductions in the frequency of pruritus, burning sensation, and inflammatory lesions scores. Moreover, almost all studies (89.1%) reported no side effects associated with use of Aloe vera. Conclusion: In conclusion, studies outcomes point that Aloe vera is an important aromatherapic plant is generally well tolerated, Corresponding Author: ZEHRA GÖK METİN, zehragok85@hotmail.com 1 HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ HEMŞİRELİK FAKÜLTESİ İÇ HASTALIKLARI HEMŞİRELİĞİ AD

958

as no serious side effects were reported. However, small sample size, limited number of studies, and lack of knowledge on randomization procedures in included studies need to be considered. Results on the effectiveness of Aloe vera are contradictory; study analysis reveals the presence of methodological gaps preventing to reach final conclusions. Therefore, clinical effectiveness of oral and topical Aloe vera application is need to be evaluated using recent guidelines and well-designed clinical trials.

KEYWORDS Aloe vera, medical herbal, skin, randomized trial, systematic review

959

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 863

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DRYING METHODS ON BIOACTIVITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF CHESTNUT POLLEN 1

TE D

SELMA KAYACAN , HATICE BEKIROĞLU , OSMAN SAĞDIÇ

ABSTRACT

Pollen is a bioactive food with high nutritional value, which is gathered from flowers by honey bees. Although our country is a very rich country in terms of bee products, there is no standardization about bee products to put on market as qualified products in some countries. Due to high water content and nutritional value, pollen can be exposed to spoilage by microorganisms. Therefore, drying of pollen and preserving the bioactive compounds of pollen when it is dried is important. In this study, chestnut pollen obtained from a beekeeper in Duzce was dried using oven, vacuum and microwave dryers and the effect of drying processes on bioactive properties and bioavailability of chestnut pollen were investigated. To determine the bioactive properties of bee pollen; total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant capacity were performed. Total antioxidant capacity was carried out two different methods which were DPPH and CUPRAC methods. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined as spectrophotometrically. According to results of analyses, values of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and bioavailability of fresh chestnut pollen were decreased after drying processes. The lowest value of total phenolic content was found with oven method and the lowest values of total flavonoid and antioxidant activity was found with microwave method. The bioavailability percentage of the fresh pollen IN fraction was determined to 8.27% for the total phenolic content. After drying this value was ranged from 2.05 to 3.32%. It was determined that the total flavonoid content was 1.64%, while it was 1.08 to 1.43% after drying. Total antioxidant activity decreased from 1.05% to 0.33-0.69%.

KEYWORDS

Bee pollen, Antioxidant, Phenolic, Flavonoid, Bioavailability

Corresponding Author: OSMAN SAĞDIÇ, osagdic@yildiz.edu.tr 1 YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KMYA METALURJİ FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 ILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KMYA METALURJİ FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

960

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 866

CONSOLIDA ORIENTALIS'IN FARKLI EKSTRAKLARININ ANTIOKSIDAN ÖZELLIKLERI 1

GOKHAN ZENGIN , ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , YAVUZ SELIM CAKMAK

ABSTRACT In this study, antioxidant effects of different extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) form Consolida orientalis were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using different assay including free radical scavenging (DPPH), reducing power (FRAP), phosphomolybenum and β-carotene/linoleic acid test system. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. Total phenolic content in water extract was higher than other extracts. However, the methanol extract was the richest in terms of flavonoid content. Also, DPPH scavenging activities were determined as 15.27% (in ethyl acetate), 38.11% (in methanol) and 40.18% (in water) at 1 mg/ml concentration. The best FRAP activity was observed in the water extract, followed by methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. In β-carotene/linoleic acid test system, the inhibition abilities of these extracts were ranked as water (86.20%), methanol (76.78%) and ethyl acetate (27.99%). Our findings suggest that the C. orientalis may serve as an important source of natural antioxidants for using in food and pharmaceutical industry.

KEYWORDS Consolida, free radical scavenging, phenolic, different solvents.

Corresponding Author: ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK, aktumsek@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY 2 AKSARAY UNİVERSİTY

961

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 867

SPARTIUM JUNCEUM'UN FARKLI EKSTRAKLARININ ANTIOKSIDAN ETKILERI ÜZERINE BIR ÇALIŞMA 1

GOKHAN ZENGIN , ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , YAVUZ SELIM CAKMAK

ABSTRACT In this study, antioxidant abilities of different extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol and water) form Spartium junceum were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using different assay including free radical scavenging (DPPH), reducing power (FRAP), phosphomolybenum and β-carotene/linoleic acid test system. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol extract was higher than other extracts. Also, DPPH scavenging activities were determined as 32.79% (in ethyl acetate), 77.68% (in methanol) and 73.65% (in water) at 1 mg/ml concentration. The best FRAP activity was observed in the methanol extract, followed by water and ethyl acetate extracts. In β-carotene/linoleic acid test system, the inhibition abilities of these extracts were ranked as water (90.86%), methanol (82.38%) and ethyl acetate (74.82%). From these results, S. junceum could be considered as potential candidate for designing new nutraceuticals or drugs.

KEYWORDS Spartium, free radical scavenging, flavonoid, different solvents.

Corresponding Author: ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK, aktumsek@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY 2 AKSARAY UNİVERSİTY

962

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 868

ASPHODELINE LIBURNICA KÖKLERININ METANOL EKSTRAKTININ ANTIOKSIDAN ÖZELLIKLERI 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , GOKHAN ZENGIN

ABSTRACT Asphodeline is one of the most important genera of family Xanthorrhoeaceae (the genus was recently classified under the family Liliaceae) and widely distributed in the Mediterrenaen region (mainly in the Middle-East countries). In Turkey this genus contains 20 taxa, 12 of which are endemic. The genus Asphodeline has medicinal importance and some Asphodeline members are traditionally used in different countries including Turkey. Antioxidant effects methanol extract form Asphodeline liburnica were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant capacity were evaluated using different assay including free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybenum, and metal chelating. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of A. liburnica were determined as 9.67 mgGAE/g extract and 1.48 mgRE/g extract, respectively. Radical scavenging effects in ABTS and DPPH assays were found to be 66.99 mgTE/g extract and 13.23 mgTE/g extract. Also, the reducing power activities of the extract were moderate in CUPRAC (33.29 mgTE/g extract) and FRAP (33.81 mgTE/g extract). These findings suggest that the A. liburnica could serve as an important natural source of biologically active agents for using in food and pharmaceutical industry.

KEYWORDS Asphodeline, free radical scavenging, phenolic, natural product.

Corresponding Author: GOKHAN ZENGİN, gokhanzengin@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

963

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 869

ASPHODELINE LIBURNICA KÖK EKSTRAKTININ ALZHEIMER, DIYABET VE DERI HASTALIKLARI ILE BAĞLANTILI ENZIM ÜZERINE INHIBITÖR ETKILERI 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , GOKHAN ZENGIN

ABSTRACT Key enzyme inhibitory theory is the most popular for the management of global health problems including Alzheimer Disease, diabetes mellitus and skin disorders. For these purposes, enzyme inhibitory effects (cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase) of root methanolic extract form Asphodeline liburnica were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. The cholinesterase inhibitory activities were determined as 1.67 mgGALAE/g extract in AChE and 1.64 mgGALAE/g extract in BChE. Anti-tyrosinase effect was found to be 29.78 mgKAE/g extract. Antidiabetic effects of the extract were determined 0.31 mmolACAE/g extract in amylase and 0.70 mmolACAE/g extract in glucosidase. The presented results suggest that the A. liburnica roots may be considered as valuable candidate for new nutraceutical, pharmaceutical or cosmeceuticals.

KEYWORDS Enzyme inhibitory activities, cholinesterase, tyrosinase, amylase, glucosidase.

Corresponding Author: GOKHAN ZENGİN, gokhanzengin@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

964

Poster Session 6 Submission ID: 1844

AROMATHERAPY OILS USED FOR SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES: A LITERATURE REVIEW AFRA ÇALIK

ABSTRACT Background and aim: Rheumatic diseases are characterized by inflammation that affects the connecting or supporting structures of the body most commonly the joints, but also sometimes the tendons, ligaments, bones, and muscles. Some rheumatic diseases even affect the organs1,2. Patients with rheumatologic diseases seek to use complementary therapies due to the etiology of rheumatic diseases is not fully understood, lack of complete cure, chronic symptoms including pain and fatigue, decreased quality of life, and side effects related conventional therapies. Particularly, aromatherapy oils have gained popularity for alleviating rheumatic symptoms in recent years. This review was written to evaluate the specific effects of aromatherapy oils used for the management of symptoms in rheumatic disease. METHOD: Extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed database involving 1990 and 2017 years. Predefined standardized keywords including ankylosing spondylitis, Behcet disease, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, Studies conducted in pediatric population were excluded. A total of 178 articles were found and finally 12 studies met inclusion criteria3-14. RESULTS: Studies had randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (n=10) and semi-experimental design (n=2). The big majority of studies conducted osteoarthritis (n=10), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n=1) and fibromyalgia (n=1). The total of 727 patients participated in the studies and the age of patients ranged from 29 to 40 years. Aloe vera (Aloe Barbadensis), black seed (Nigella sativa), castor oil (Ricinus communis), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), ginger (Zingiber officinale), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), lemon (Citrus lemon), orange (Citrus sinesis), peganum (Peganum harmala), peppermint (Mentha piperita), rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis) mostly preferred aromatherapy oils. The intervention period varied between two and 12 weeks. Aromatherapy oils were applied orally, topically or with a compress. Specific symptoms including pain, fatigue, joint motion and quality of sleep were examined in the studies. 3-14. Brief Pain Inventory (BPİ), Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (FAB), Korean Sleep Scale, Modified Health Evaluation Questionnaire (MHEQ), Ontario and Mc. Master Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), SF-36 Quality of Life Scale, Ritchie Articular Index (RAI) and Visual Analog Score (VAS) often used in data collection process3-14. Studies testing the effects of ginger oil (n=5), found a significant reduction in pain scores in the intervention group compared with the control group3-7. Another study examining the impact of lavender, ginger and chamomile aromatherapy oil blend reported a decrease in pain and fatigue scores and improved functional capacity8,9. A semi-experimental study conducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, applying black seed topically revealed a significant reduction in disease activity scores of patients10. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the results of these clinical studies, aromatherapy oils have promising outcomes in pain, fatigue, inflammation parameters and capability of joint motion. However, small sample sizes and lack of information on randomization procedures need to be Corresponding Author: AFRA ÇALIK, afracalik@hotmail.com 1 HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

965

considered. Therefore, well-design RCTs testing the effectiveness of aromatherapy oils on specific symptoms including morning stiffness, low back pain, or depression are needed. References 1. Karadağ A. Romatizmal hastalıklarda alternatif tıp ve tamamlayıcı tedavi yöntemleri. Uzmanlık Tezi. Sivas: Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Fiziksel Tıp ve Rehabilitasyon Anabilim Dalı, 2012. 2. Güneş ŞD. Romatizmal hastalıkların tedavisinde sıklıkla kullanılan bitkiler ve bitkisel ürünler. Bitirme Tezi. Erciyes Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmakognozi Anabilim Dalı, 201. 3. Bliddal H, Rosetzsky A, Schlichting P, Weidner MS, Andersen LA, Ibfelt HH, Christensen K, Jensen ON, Barslev J. A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of ginger extracts and ibuprofen in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000;8(1):9-12. 4. Yip YB, Tam AC. An experimental study on the effectiveness of massage with aromatic ginger and orange essential oil for moderate-to-severe knee pain among the elderly in Hong Kong. Complement Ther Med 2008;16(3):131-138. 5. Therkleson T. Topical ginger treatment with a compress or patch for osteoarthritis symptoms. Journal of Holistic Nursing 2014;32(3):173-172 6. Paramdeep G. Effıcacy and tolerabılıty of gınger (Zingiber Officinale ) in patients of osteoarthrıtıs of knee. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 57(2) : 177–183. 7. Drozdov VN, Kim VA, Tkachenko EV, Varvanina GG. Influence of a specific ginger combination on gastropathy conditions in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or Hip. J Altern Complement Med. 2012;18(6):583-588. 8. Kim IJ, Kim EK. Effects of aroma massage on pain, activities of daily living and fatigue in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Journal of Muscle and Joint Health 2009;16(2):145153. 9. Nasiri A, Mahmodi MA,Nobakht Z. Effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice 2016;25: 75–80. 10. Gheita TA, Kenawy SA. Effectiveness of nigella sativa oil in the management of rheumatoid arthritis patients: A placebo controlled study. Phytother Res. 2012;26(8):1246-1248. 11. Shoara R, Hashempur MH, Ashraf A, Salehi A, Dehshahri S, Habibagahi Z. Efficacy and safety of topical matricaria chamomilla L. (Chamomile) oil for knee osteoarthritis: A randomized nontrolled clinical trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2000;8(1):9-12. 12. Abolhassanzadeh Z, Aflaki E, Yousefi G, Mohagheghzadeh A. Randomized clinical trial of peganum oil for knee osteoarthritis. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015;20(2):126-131. 13. Medhi B, Kishore K, Singh U, Seth SD. Comparative clinical trial of castor oil and diclofenac sodium in patients with osteoarthritis. Phytother Res. 2009;23(10): 14691473. 14. Rutledge DN, Jones CN. Effects of topical essential oil on exercise volume after a 12-week exercise program for women with fibromyalgia: A pilot study. Journal Of Alternative And Complementary Medicine 2007;13(10):1099-1106.

KEYWORDS aromatherapy, herbal medicine, inflammation, rheumatology, symptom control

966

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 130

ANALYSIS OF BAY (LAURUS NOBILIS) LEAF VOLATILE OIL BY GC/MS AND ITS USAGE IN COSMETIC APPLICATIONS 1

ŞEYDA KIVRAK , TOLGA GÖKTÜRK , İBRAHIM KIVRAK

ABSTRACT Bay-tree (Laurus nobilis) is an evergreen tree specie unique to the Mediterranean region and has been extensively cultivated as an ornamental plant in many countries. Turkey is the leader bay leaf exporter of the World. The reason of great attention on the bay leaf as a medicinal and aromatic plant is the content of volatile oil in its leaves. Volatile oils have been used since ancient times in order to make people healthier, change their appearance, protect the body against possible damage by environment. Volatile oils are used in fragrances, skin products, hair care products and in general terms to give a pleasant fragrance to the products. These oils, also known as essential oil, etheric oil by people, can contain terpenic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives as well as organic acids, alcohols, phenols and ketones. Volatile oils are found in any organs of the plant as well as in organs such as secretory follicles, secretory pockets, secretory ducts or secretory cells according to the family. It has been conclusived that the essential oils are formed by the hydrolysis of glycosides as well as asserted that its presence in protoplasm of the plant or formed by the decomposition of the resinous layer of the cell wall. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of bay (Laurus nobilis) leaf volatile oil have been proven in previous studies. Previous studies have also reported the use of bay leaf volatile oil in the form of soap and anti-dandruff hair care preparations. In this study, the components of the obtained volatile oil were determined using Agilent 6890 GC (Gas Chromatography) and 5975 MS (Mass Spectrometry). 1,8-Cineole (46.16%), alpha-Terpinyl acetate (10.62%), alpha-Pinene (6.27%), Terpinen-4-ol (5.07%) and Sabinene (4.99%) were found to be the major compounds in volatile oil. The obtained volatile oil was used to prepare skin lotion. For this purpose, 6 g of lilac-flavored hazelnut oil and 6 g of bay leaf oil were added to 87 g of purified water. Then it was stirred with magnetic stirrer for 10 minutes. Finally, the formulation is completed by the addition of the homogenized polymer mixture. The rheological properties of the final product were determined after all treatments were finished.

KEYWORDS Laurus nobilis, Volatile oil, 1,8-Cineol, Cosmetic

Corresponding Author: ŞEYDA KIVRAK, skivrak@mu.edu.tr 1 MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

967

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 131

DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOSITION OF TILIA TOMENTOSA FLOWERS USING UPLC-ESI-MS/MS 1

TOLGA GÖKTÜRK , ŞEYDA KIVRAK , İBRAHIM KIVRAK

ABSTRACT As a result of bioactive components found in different parts of plant such as flowers, peel, leaf and increased interest in natural products, medicinal and aromatic plants have found application fields such as pharmaceutical, cosmetic and dye industries. Therefore, they have been subjected to numerous researches . Phenolic compounds, which are secondary metabolites of plants, are one of the main groups of compounds that provide antiallergic, antiarterogenic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardioprotective properties of medicinal and aromatic plants. These broad physiological effects that they possess lead researchers to examine the phenolic contents of plants. Tilia tomentosa Moench is one of 45 species belonging to Tiliaceae family, and the usage of flowers in traditional treatment methods is quite common. Researches on different parts of T. tomentosa showed that the plant possesses spasmolytic, diuretic and sedative effects due to its flavonoids, essential oil and mucilage components and has been used to treat disorders such as nervous tension, cough, flu, migraine. There are no studies on phenolic components of its parts such as leaves, flowers using UPLC-ESI-MS / MS, etc. until now. In this study, firstly, T. tomentosa flowers were extracted with hexane and volatile oil fractions were separated from the plant. Distilled water was added to the remaining flower part at 80 ° C and subjected to extraction for 15 minutes. The obtained extract was filtered and dried in a lyophilizer at -70 ° C. The residue was redissolved in a mixture of water:methanol (80:20). The solution was analyzed by UPLC-MS / MS (Waters Acquity Ultra Performance LC, Xevo TQ-S MS-MS) by passing through Macherey-Nagel Chromafil Xtra PTFE20/25 0.20μm filters. According to the analysis results, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (66.82 mg/kg), Myricetin (29.39 mg/kg), Rutin (21.42 mg/kg), Ferulic acid (12.33 mg/kg) ve 3,4Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (10.38 mg/kg) were detected. T. tomentosa flowers have great potential to usage in industries such as food, medicine and cosmetic due to its rich content of phenolics.

KEYWORDS Phenolic compunds, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, Tilia tomentosa, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS

Corresponding Author: TOLGA GÖKTÜRK, tolgagokturk@mu.edu.tr 1 MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

968

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 132

INVESTIGATION OF MYRTUS COMMUNIS LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL AND SEED FIXED OIL COMPOSITION USING GC-MSD 1

TOLGA GÖKTÜRK , ŞEYDA KIVRAK , İBRAHIM KIVRAK

ABSTRACT Myrtus communis belongs to Myrtaceae family and it is a evergreen plant in the form of shrub. This plant which grows by itself along the Mediterranean region has been used for its medicinal and aromatic benefits since ancient times. It is called "hambeles", "mersin" or "murt" in various regions of Turkey. The essential oil of plant’s leaves has very rich content and this essential oil is widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It has been determined in various studies that about 30 components constitute %90 of the myrtle leaf essential oil. However, the essential oil yield and composition varies according to ecological and geographical conditions. Some of the known biological activities of leaf essential oil include antioxidant activity and antimutagenic activity, antimicrobial activity, antibacterial activity and antifungal activity. There is few research on the seeds of plant but in some studies, it has been reported that the content of seed’s fixed oil is rich in linoleic acid and shows antioxidant activity. In this study, the components of essential oil obtained by M. communis leaves using hydrodestillation and fixed oil obtained by its seeds using cold press method analyzed with GC-MSD. According to the analyse result, 1,8-Cineole (21.68%), Alpha-Pinene (18.02%), Linalol (14.12%), Alpha-Terpinyl Acetate (10.40%) and Myrtenol (8.59%) were detected as majör compounds in the myrtle leaf essential oil. In the content of fixed oil obrained by its seeds presences Linoleic acid (77.59%) as the major fatty acid. According to the analyse result toher fatty acids were determined as Palmitic acid (10.36%), Oleic acid (8.26%), Stearic acid (2.81%), Elaidic acid (0.91%), Eicosanoic acid (0.05%) and Myristic acid (0.03%).

KEYWORDS Essential oil, Myrtus communis, 1,8-Cineole, GC-MSD

Corresponding Author: TOLGA GÖKTÜRK, tolgagokturk@mu.edu.tr 1 MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

969

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 870

ASPHODELUS AESTIVUS KÖKLERININ FARKLI EKSTRAKLARININ INVITRO ANTIOKSIDAN AKTIVITELERI 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , GOKHAN ZENGIN , SENGUL UYSAL

ABSTRACT Asphodelus aestivus is mostly used in the treatment of hemorrhoids, nephritis, and burns in Turkey. The aim of the study was to test the antioxidant activity of A. aestivus extracts obtained by extraction with ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol, and water. Antioxidant activity of these extracts was evaluated by different assays (including ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating activity). The higher level of total phenolic content was in the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts. Generally, the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the best results in these assays. The highest free radical scavenging activity was observed in ethyl acetate extract in both ABTS (21.23 mgTE/g) and DPPH (9.12 mgTE/g). Our findings suggest that A. aestivus could be used as a biologically-active compounds for food and pharmaceutical purposes.

KEYWORDS Asphodelus aestivus, antioxidant, phenolic content, Turkey.

Corresponding Author: SENGUL UYSAL, sennguluysal@gmail.com 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

970

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 871

ASPHODELUS AESTIVUS KÖKLERININ FARKLI EKSTRAKLARININ ANTI-KOLINESTERAZ, ANTI-TIROZINAZ, ANTI-AMILAZ, ANTI-GLUKOZIDAR VE ANTI-LIPAZ AKTIVITELERI 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , GOKHAN ZENGIN , SENGUL UYSAL

ABSTRACT Asphodelus aestivus is known by different local names like çiriş otu and yabani pırasa in Turkey. In the present study, the various solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol and water) from Asphodelus aestivus were assessed for in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity against AChE, BChE, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase. The methanol extract exhibited the strongest AChE (1.91 mgGALAE/g extract) and BChE (2.07 mgGALAE/g extract) inhibitory activity. The antidiabetic activity of A. aestivus was screened using α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The ethyl acetate extract showed high α-amylase (0.75 mmolACAE/g) and α-glucosidase (2.97 mmolACAE/g) inhibitory activity. The dichloromethane extract had the highest lipase inhibitory activity (86.32 mgOE/g). A. aestivus could be effective as natural for treatment of various diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.

KEYWORDS Asphodelus aestivus, enzyme inhibitory activity, Turkey

Corresponding Author: SENGUL UYSAL, sennguluysal@gmail.com 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

971

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 873

LOTONONIS GENISTOIDES SOLVENT EKSTRATKLARININ ANTIOKSIDAN ÖZELLIKLERI 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , RAMAZAN CEYLAN , GOKHAN ZENGIN

ABSTRACT Antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts from Lotononis genistoides (Fabaceae) were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant capacity were evaluated by using different assay including free radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating experiments. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was also determined as 30.40-53.94 mg GAEs/g and 29.53-51.15 mg REs/g, respectively. ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging activities were ranged from 112.90 to126.10 mgTE/g and 80.76 to 99.27 mgTE/g extract, respectively. The best reducing activity in CUPRAC and FRAP were observed in ethyl acetate and water extracts, respectively. The highest metal chelating ability were detected in ethyl acetate extract with 12.31 mgEDTAE/g extract, followed by methanol and water. This study supports the potential use of L. genistoides for designing new functional food formulations.

KEYWORDS Lotononis genistoides, antioxidant properties, natural products.

Corresponding Author: RAMAZAN CEYLAN, biyoram7@gmail.com 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

972

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 874

LOTONONIS GENISTOIDES FARKLI SOLVENT EKSTRATKLARININ NÖROPROTEKTIF, ANTI-DIABETIC VE DERI HASTALIKLARI ÜZERINE INVITRO BIR ÇALIŞMA 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , RAMAZAN CEYLAN , GOKHAN ZENGIN

ABSTRACT Enzyme inhibitory properties of water, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts form Lotononis genistoides (Fabaceae) were investigated by using colorimetric methods. Enzyme inhibitory effects were evaluated aganist cholinesterases, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The ethyl acetate (1.92 mgGALAE/g) and methanol (1.89 mgGALAE/g) extracts have the highest acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory effects as compared to water extract. The ethyl extract exhibited the strongest antityrosinase effect with 13.51 mgKAE/g. α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were found to be 0.111.51 and 11.26-28.14 mmol ACAEs/g. Our findings could provide an important contribution for Lotononis genistoides different solvent extracts potential uses in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields.

KEYWORDS Lotononis genistoides, enzyme inhibitory potentials, natural products.

Corresponding Author: RAMAZAN CEYLAN, biyoram7@gmail.com 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

973

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 875

DORYCNIUM PENTAPYLLUM SUBSP. HAUSSKNECHTII'NIN FARKLI METOTLAR ILE ANTIOKSIDAN ÖZELLIKLERININ INCELENMESI 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , ALIME CIFTCI

ABSTRACT The extraction yield and antioxidant properties of Dorycnium pentapyllum subsp. haussknechtii have been evaluated by use different extraction methods including maceration, soxhlet, and ultrasonication-assisted extraction. Antioxidant properties were performed by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power activity (FRAP and CUPRAC), metal chelating activity, and phosphomolybdenum assays. Compared with different extraction methods for the yields, the soxhlet extraction was more efficient than other methods. Total phenolic content was varied from 48.33 to 105.12 mgGAE/g. In free radical scavenging assays (ABTS and DPPH), the methanol extract exhibited more potent radical scavenging activity as compared to ethyl acetate and water extracts. The water extract showed highest metal chelating activity as compared to ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. This study demonstrated that Dorycinum pentapyllum subsp. haussknechtii can be use as a promising source in the fields of food and pharmaceutical.

KEYWORDS Dorycinum pentapyllum subsp. haussknechtii, antioxidant, extraction methods

Corresponding Author: ALİME CİFTCİ, alimee.ciftci@hotmail.com 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

974

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 876

DIANTHUS CALOCEPHALUS 'UN ENZIM INHIBITÖR ÖZELLIKLERI ÜZERINE BIR ÇALIŞMA 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , HAMIYET UNUVAR

ABSTRACT Dianthus genus is represented by 67 species in Turkey. Dianthus species are widely used for treating gastro-intestinal disorder, wound, and cough. This work aimed to evaluated the effects of three various solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, and water) and three different extraction methods (maceration, soxhlet, and ultrasonication-assisted) on extraction yield, phytochemical profile and enzyme inhibitory activity of Dianthus calocephalus. The inhibitory activities of extracts were tested against cholinesterase’s (AChE and BChE), α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase. The highest extract yields were obtained from soxhlet extraction method. In all extraction methods, methanol extract had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. The water extract demonstrated the lowest AChE inhibitory activity than ethyl acetate and methanol. The results showed that ethyl acetate extract exhibited the greast tyrosinase and α-amylase inhibitory activity. D. calocephalus can be used as natural sources in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

KEYWORDS Dianthus, extraction methods, enzyme inhibitory activity.

Corresponding Author: HAMİYET UNUVAR, hamiyetunuvar91@hotmail.com 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

975

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 877

BARSSIA SP. NOVA (ASCOMYCOTA, PEZIZALES); A NEW HYPOGEOUS SPECIES TURKEY (OSMANIYE) 1

HASAN HÜSEYIN DOĞAN , ŞABAN GÜNERİ

ABSTRACT Osmaniye situated in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey and in square C6 according to grid square system of Davis (Davis, 1965). Antakya in south Kahramanmaraş in north, Gaziantep in east and Adana in west of Osmaniye are located. Many studies on the fungal diversity of Turkey were investigated by different researchers (Sesli and Denchev, 2014). Recently, new fungal records for Turkey were determined with macrofungal studies (Allı et al. 2011; Güngör et al., 2013; Sesli and Helfer, 2013; Kaya, 2015). Thus, aforementioned these local studies show that it is necessary more research on fungal diversity of Turkey. The aim of this study is contribute to macrofungi of Turkey with a new fungal record.

KEYWORDS Osmaniye situated in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey

Corresponding Author: ŞABAN GÜNERİ, sabanguneri@ogm.gov.tr 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 ADANA ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ, ODUN DIŞI ÜRÜN VE HİZMETLER ŞUBE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

976

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 878

THE EFFECTS OF LYCIUM BARBARUM (GOJI BERRY) POLYSACCHARIDES ON 17-Β-ESTRADIOL SERUM LEVELS OF OVARIECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS 1

BIHTER GÖKÇE BOZAT , FATMA PEHLİVAN KARAKAŞ , HAYRIYE ORALLAR , HAMIT COŞKUN

ABSTRACT The Effects of Lycium barbarum (Goji berry) Polysaccharides on 17-β-estradiol Serum Levels of Ovariectomized Female Rats Lycium barbarum (Kurt üzümü) Polisakkaritlerinin Ovarektomili Dişi Sıçanların Serum 17-β-Östradiol Seviyeleri Üzerine Olan Etkileri Bihter Gökçe BOZAT1, Fatma PEHLİVAN KARAKAŞ1,2, Hayriye ORALLAR3, Hamit COŞKUN4 1Abant Izzet Baysal University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Bolu, Turkey 2Abant Izzet Baysal University, Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bolu, Turkey 3Abant Izzet Baysal University, Department of Poultry Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bolu, Turkey 4Abant Izzet Baysal University, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Art, Bolu, Turkey Email: bozatgokce@gmail.com Abstract Menopause is a physiological and endocrinological process that lead to a diminish in circulating levels of the female sex steroids naturally or after surgery. During menopause, both diminish in 17-beta-estradiol (17-β ES) and the increment in follicle-stimulating hormone trigger several alterations in the body. Healthy women’s reproductive life span is avarage 36 years, with an age range varying between 40 and 60 years. Although bilaterally surgical removal of ovaries has been applied for treatment in women with endometrial and ovarion cancer, but it has been applied for ovariectomy model in rodents. The ovariectomy has been used to clarify insufficiency of estrogen hormone and its metabolic results to rodents. Estrogens are steroid hormones found in three form (estrone, 17-β ES and estriol) in the women body, protect and regulate life of neurons and glial cell and regulation of brain functions. Goji berry belongs to genus Lycium of the family Solanaceae. The fruits used in herbal medicine and health food for thousands of years in China, Southeast Asia, Europe, and North America. Goji berry can lower blood lipid levels and promote fertility. Goji berries have carotenoids, zeaxanthin and polysaccharides. Especially, its polysaccharides importantly alleviated neuronal injury and obstructed lactate dehydrogenase release. Furthermore, it was also reported that Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) could prevent cognitive and memory deficits. Similarly, estrogen has protective roles in woman body, lock of the protective roles during the menopause causes trigger many of diseases such as behavioral, hormonal and cognitive disorders. For these similar protective roles of estrogen and LBP on brain functions, we investigated the effects of LBP on 17-β-ES serum level of ovariectomized female rats using ELISA test. Fifteen days after ovariectomy operations, rats were divided into four major groups: control (distile water, 3 mL/kg, oral gavage, per day), low dose of LBP (20 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, oral gavage, per day), high dose of LBP (200 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, p.o., per day), 17-β-ES (1 mg/kg, 3 mL/kg, oral gavage, per day) and two minor group within the each major group: sham (pseudo ovariectomized rat) and overiectomized (ovx) rat groups. The treatments were Corresponding Author: BİHTER GÖKÇE BOZAT, bozatgokce@gmail.com 1 ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

977

applied for 30 consecutive days and then serum sample of all rats were collected. 17-β ES analysis of the samples were performed by ELISA test. The findings of the experiment showed that distile water treated-sham operated group had higher serum level of 17-β-ES than distile water treated-ovx operated group (p< 0.05). This means that ovariectomy model caused decreasing 17-β ES serum level. Furthermore, the high dose LBP, low dose of LBP and 17-β ES applications showed a similar increase in 17-β ES serum levels of ovarictomized rats compared to control group (distile water treated) (p< 0.05). In conclusion, LBP treatments may be perform protective and regulator roles on the brain by increasing 17-β ES serum level. Keywords: Goji berry, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, Ovariectomy, 17-β-estradiol, ELISA Acknowledgement: This work was supported by grants from the Abant Izzet Baysal University Research Foundation (Project No: 2016.10.07.956).

KEYWORDS Goji berry, Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, Ovariectomy, 17-β-estradiol, ELISA

978

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 879

CULTIVATION OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND THE PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED IN TOKAT PROVINCE 1

İBRAHIM TÜRKEKUL , LEVENT GÖKREM

ABSTRACT Today, the production of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushroom) is increasing day by day both in the world and in our country. The problems encountered during the production of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom at Gaziosmanpaşa University mushroom production establishment and the problems of small scale enterprises in Tokat province were investigated. As a result of the work, it has been observed that there are problems in marketing of the mushrooms produced, the enterprises where the mushroom production is made are not sufficiently modernized, and the producers do not have sufficient equipment about mushroom growing.

KEYWORDS Mushroom cultivation, Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatu

Corresponding Author: İBRAHİM TÜRKEKUL, ibrahim.turkekul@gop.edu.tr 1 GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

979

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 883

USE OF SOME MEDICINAL AROMATIC PLANTS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS 2

BÜŞRA GÖNCÜ , MUSA SERDAR AKIN , KAMILE BURCU BÜYÜKKILIÇ

ABSTRACT Turkey has an important place that geographical location, climate, plant diversity and flora with regard in trade of medical and aromatic plants. Today, about 50% of this plants, which are used in many areas including medicine, cosmetics, perfume, paint etc. industry, has been used in food sector. In food industry, it is offered as consumption of spices, herbal tea and food additives in terms of functionality. In recent years, with increasing demand for minimum treatment and natural additives products, the studies on the active ingredients in essential oils, which obtained from medicinal aromatic plants and their extracts, have also gained momentum. It has been found that these components both give flavor and prolong the shelf life of the foods by the antioxidative effect and bacteriostatic / fungustatic effect, which are prevented oxidative rancidity, and microbial spoilage. Nowadays, studies has been increased which benefit from antimicrobial compounds naturally found in spices instead of chemical and synthetic antimicrobial agents. In this regard when looking at the studies done, has been seen the most use of thyme, black cumin, pepper (pulbiber, isot), cumin, cinnamon like spices, extracts and oils that high antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities. In this review has been searched use of thyme, black cumin, pepper, cumin and cinnamon in dairy products and showing antimicrobial effects.

KEYWORDS Spice, antimicrobial effect, dairy products

Corresponding Author: BÜŞRA GÖNCÜ, busragoncu@harran.edu.tr 2 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

980

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 884

DETERMINATION OF VITAMIN A, C AND E AMOUNTS IN PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS (OYSTER MUSHROOM) SAMPLES COLLECTED FROM NATURAL HABITATS AND CULTURED MUSHROOMS 1

İBRAHIM TÜRKEKUL , AYDIN ŞÜKRÜ BENGÜ , ÖMER FARUK TÜRKEKUL

ABSTRACT Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) production is on the increase both in our country and in the World each day. Naturally grown and cultured macro fungi are consumed as food. Fungi have been very important for human nutrition and health since ancient times. In addition to having necessary proteins for human nutrition, fungi are also rich in vitamins and minerals, which have important functions for health. Oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus) samples grown in Gaziosmanpaşa University mushroom establishment and naturally collected from Tokat region were examined in terms of vitamins A, C and E content. Vitamins A, C and E in fungal samples collected from natural environment were found as; 73.38 mg / g; 1531, 40 mg / g and 1143.22 mg / g tissue while in cultured mushroom samples they were found as: 10.08 mg / g, 352.60 mg / g and 763.32 mg / g tissue respectively.

KEYWORDS HPLC, Pleurotus ostreatus, vitamins (A, C, E)

Corresponding Author: İBRAHİM TÜRKEKUL, ibrahim.turkekul@gop.edu.tr 1 GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

981

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 886

IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION OF HYPERICUM PRUINATUM BOISS& BAL. 1

ŞEYMA ÖNLÜ , HUSSEIN ABDULLAH AHMED AHMED , SERKAN URANBEY

ABSTRACT Hypericum pruinatum Boiss & Bal. is a medicinal plant spread out in Blacksea region in Turkey. Hypericum species have medicinal properties such as antidepressant, antibacterial and antivirale and has been used traditionally for many years in the world. Secondary metobolites contents of the species are very rich and plant tissue culture applications represent a potential source of valuable bioactive compounds. The goal of the research was also to achieve high compact, friable calli production and regeneration of H. pruinatum. by somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis. The seeds of H. pruinatum were collected from Amasya-Gümüşhacıköy district and incubated in a water solution containing 1.5 g /L GA for breaking dormancy. The seeds were surface sterilized and germinated on MS medium containing 0.005 mg/L GA and 0.6 % agar. Leaves, axillary buds, root and hypocotyledon explants were excised and cultured on MS medium supplemented with B5 vitamins. The compact and suitable calli production obtained on MS callus induction medium containing 2 mg/L 2,4-D using axillary buds. Axillary buds gave the best regeneration results in all media tested. The best adventitious shoot regeneration was also achieved on MS medium supplemented with B5 vitamins and 1mg/L BAP+0.5 mg/L NAA and 1mg/L BAP. The shoots were successfuly rooted on MS medium medium contaning 1.5 mg/L IBA and rooted plantlets were transferred to torf and perlit (1:1) mixture and acclimatized in greenhouse conditions with high survival ratio.

KEYWORDS Hypericum pruinatum Boiss&Bal., in vitro, medicinal plant, axillar buds, micropropagation

Corresponding Author: ŞEYMA ÖNLÜ, s.sofuoglu@alparslan.edu.tr 1 MUŞ ALPARSLAN UNİVERSİTY SCİENCE AND ART FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR BİOLOGY AND GENETİCS, MUŞ 2 DEPARTMENT OF FİELD CROPS, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE AND NATURAL SCİENCES, UŞAK UNİVERSİTY, UŞAK 3 DEPARTMENT OF FİELD CROPS, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE, ANKARA UNİVERSİTY, ANKARA

982

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 888

CAULERPIN, A BISINDOLE ALKALOID, FROM CAULERPA SPP OFF THE TURKISH COASTLINE 1

SONGÜL TURHAN , LEVENT CAVAS

ABSTRACT Caulerpa cylindracea and Caulerpa taxifolia are the most famous members of Genus Caulerpa because of their invasive properties. Although the number of publications on C. taxifolia is higher than that of C. cylindracea, the latter one has invaded more areas compared to C.taxifolia. Turkey is one of the countries where C.cylindracea has invaded. No eradication method has been proposed for these species, therefore the biotechnological evaluation methods are of great importance. Recent studies show medicinal importance of secondary metabolites of Caulerpa genus. One of the secondary metabolites is bisindole based caulerpin. Anticancerogen effect has been recently attributed to caulerpin. Therefore, the monitoring of caulerpin within invasive and non-invasive species is important for their biotechnological evaluation. In this study, the levels of caulerpin were analysed in the C.cylindracea and C.prolifera collected off the İzmir coastlines (Turkey). Since there is no authenticate caulerpin standard available in market, caulerpin was first isolated from C.cylindracea and then characterized by means of chromatographic techniques. According to the results, the levels of caulerpin in C.cylindracea are significantly higher than that of non-invasive C.prolifera. In conclusion, the conditions related to biotechnological production of caulerpin from invasive C. cylindracea are strongly recommended.

KEYWORDS Caulerpa cylindracea, Caulerpa prolifera, Caulerpin, invasive species.

Corresponding Author: LEVENT CAVAS, lcavas@deu.edu.tr 1 DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

983

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 890

DENIZLI DE TRUFFLE MUSHROOMS 1

KADIR ÜNLÜ , MUSTAFA KORUCU

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Truffle mushroom known as black diamond in the world has come to the agenda of Turkey widely in Denizli city. Denizli Forest Regional Directorate has determined which tuff mushroom species are in our records. Tuber aestivum (summary truffle) is usually found widespread in fungus flora of Denizli. The trees with truffle mushroom were controlled its productivity taking under protection. Our staffs were informed about truffle by Truffle experts from the USA and European Union. Sapling infected with mycorrhizae of Tuber melenosporum (winter truffle) was planted for the purpose of the experiment. When detected that Turkey was rich in the direction of truffle, a species action plan comprising 2014-2018 years was prepared by General Directorate. Sapling infected with mycorrhizae of Tuber melenosporum (winter truffle) was planted for the purpose of the experiment. Oak seedlings infected with truffle mycorrhizae were produced by Seedlings Directorate in Regional Directorate. For this purpose, a special greenhouse was build and taken equipment. The necessary seedlings will be provided here for erection of artificial truffle forests that will be generated in constitution of species action plan of Forest General Directorate.

KEYWORDS Tuber aestivum, Tuber melenosporum, mycorrhiza

Corresponding Author: KADİR ÜNLÜ, kadirunlu@ogm.gov.tr 1 ORMAN GENEL MÜSÜRLÜĞÜ

984

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 892

USE OF PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE 1

FERAY GENÇER , HILAL YILDIRAN

ABSTRACT Chronic kidney disease is defined as decrease in glomerular filtration rate that would cause significant changes in kidney function. Uremic syndrome is a clinical manifestation of severe renal insufficiency and is intoxication affecting many systems. In healthy individuals, uremic toxins are cleared by the kidneys, but these toxins cause to uremic syndrome by accumulating in individuals with renal insufficiency. In uremic syndrome, toxins such as phenols and indole are formed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and impaired intestinal microbiota has an important role in their production. Potential use of intestinal microbiota-regulating treatments such as probiotics has emerged as an attractive strategy to reduce uremic toxins. Experimental and clinical data have strengthened the hypothesis that probiotics have a therapeutic role in the protection of the gastrointestinal tract, the progression of chronic kidney disease, and the reduction of uremic toxin formation. It is believed that probiotics make this effect by blocking the passage of pathogens through the mucosa and reducing intestinal permeability. Prebiotics, which are indigestible nutrients, have a positive effect because they stimulate the activity and development of bacteria in the colon. Nutritional resources of probiotics and prebiotics usually contain high levels of sodium, potassium, phosphorus and sugar. For this reason, patients with renal insufficiency have difficulty in taking probiotic and prebiotics with nutritional resources, and supplementation is an alternative. Individuals have different microbiota diversity. For this reason, increase in strain type of supplementation suggests that it increases the positive effect. Personal biota analysis together with evolving technology can be an important guide for supplementation.

KEYWORDS Chronic kidney disease, probiotic, prebiotic

Corresponding Author: FERAY GENÇER, gencerferay@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

985

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 893

USEFUL PLANTS USED AS HERBAL TEA IN TOSYA (KASTAMONU) DISTRICT 1

GAMZE TUTTU , GÖKHAN ABAY , ŞINASI YILDIRIMLI

ABSTRACT Introduction: The relationship between man and plants is as old as human history. Some plants have been used as food sources and some of them in the treatment of diseases. In the course of time, humans learned to identify plants in the nature, benefit from them and developed different forms of usage. One of the common usage forms is to brew the tea. To prepare a drink, the plant parts (leaves, fruits, barks, branch etc.) are brewing (pouring boiling water on the plant and waiting for 5 mininfusion) or boiling (putting the plant in cold water for half an hour by boiling-decoction). This drink is generally named tea. Also, tea has special names according to the prepared herbs (linden tea, sage tea, lemon balm tea etc.). In our country, tea is often consumed as food or in order to benefit from its medicinal properties (to increase body resistance and the treatment of diseases). The aim of this study is to determine the plants used as herbal tea in Tosya district and to present usage purposes. Material and Methods: The plants specimens were collected from Tosya district, Kastamonu province, in 20142016 within the fieldwork of the doctoral program. The specimens were identified by using ‘Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands'. Interviews were carried out with local people in Tosya center and villages to determine the ethnobotanical usages of plants. Also we went to Tosya Bazaar to get information about plant usages from sellers and villagers. In addition, a survey about ‘edible plants’ and ‘medicinal plants’ was applied to 217 people. This study includes, plants used as herbal tea and their usage purposes is presented. Results: In this study, as a result of the interviews and surveys 48 taxa were determined used as herbal tea in Tosya. One of them is food, 34 are medical and 13 are both food and medical purposes. Most of the plants (25 taxa) used to prepare herbal tea are collected from nature and some of them are cultivated (16 taxa). However some plants which are not growing in Tosya (7 taxa) are taken from the bazaar. Some of the diseases commonly treated with herbal tea are: cold, cough, flu, stomach diseases, indigestion, rheumatism, urethritis, diabetes and cancer. Acknowledgement: We thank to Çankırı Karatekin University scientific research projects unit (BAPproject no: of12035d02), for the support provided for this project.

KEYWORDS Herbal tea, Ethnobotany, Useful plants, Tosya, Turkey

Corresponding Author: GAMZE TUTTU, gamzeertugrul@karatekin.edu.tr 1 ÇANKIRI KARATEKİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ, ORMAN MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, 18200 ÇANKIRI 2 RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, PEYZAJ MİMARLIĞI BÖLÜMÜ, BİTKİ MATERYALİ VE YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİ ANABİLİM DALI, RİZE 3 HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, 06800 BEYTEPE, ANKARA

986

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 894

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITIES OF IRIS XANTHOSPURIA EXTRACTS GROWING IN KÖYCEĞIZ REGION 1

MEHMET ALI ÖZLER , YUSUF SICAK , MEHMET ÖZTÜRK , MEHMET EMIN DURU

ABSTRACT The effect of oxidation on human health has been widely recognized. Oxidative metabolism is compulsory for the survival of cells. An antioxidant may be defined as a substance that significantly delays or inhibits the oxidation of a substrate even at low concentrations when compared with oxidizable. Antioxidants play an important role in the prevention and cure of various of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, stoke, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s diseases. The study was aimed to determine antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of various extracts; namely, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol obtained from rhizome and stem of Iris xanthospuria. The in vitro antioxidant activity were performed by four complementary assays, namely, ABTS cation radical scavenging, β-carotene-linoleic acid, CUPRAC and DPPH free radical scavenging methods, while anticholinesterase activity performed according to Ellman method in which acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were used as enzymes. The ethyl acetate extract of rhizome and stem showed the highest antioxidant capacity and anticholinesterase activity. The results for both activities were close to those of standards. Compounds present in this plant are good candidates for isolation and commercial use as antioxidants and anticholinesterase agents.

KEYWORDS Iris xanthospuria, antioxidant activity, anticholinesterase activity

Corresponding Author: YUSUF SICAK, yusufsicak@mu.edu.tr 1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF SCİENCES, MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN UNİVERSİTY, 48210, MUĞLA, TURKEY 2 DEPARTMENT OF HERBAL AND ANİMAL PRODUCTİON, KÖYCEĞİZ VOCATİONAL SCHOOL, MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN UNİVERSİTY, 48800, MUĞLA, TURKEY

987

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 895

AN ASSESSMENT OF NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS IN TURKEY 1

ÜSTÜNER BIRBEN , SERHAT URSAVAŞ , HASAN EMRE ÜNAL

ABSTRACT Forest resources produce a variety of benefits such as direct use values, indirect use values, option values and existence or non-use values. Wood has been the most recognized economic product form while Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) have been labelled as minor forest products. The term NWFPs encompasses all biological materials other than wood, and may include foods, medicines, spices, essential oils, resins, gums, tannins, dyes, ornamental plants, water and wildlife. Turkey has a spectacular geography with its natural passageway between Asia and Europe, and is at the junction of Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, and Euro-Siberian phytogeographic regions, besides being under the influence of Mediterranean, continental, oceanic climates. These unique properties put Turkey among the richest countries with regard to biodiversity that covering diverse flora and fauna values. That is why Turkey has great potential in NWFPs. This study sought to introduced NWFPs important in Turkey and to reveal the economic value of NWFPs in the national market and to determine both the difficulties in managing of NWFPs and the policies, strategies and regulations that govern, and finally, various deliberations and suggestions have been made on the axis of sustainable development of that resources.

KEYWORDS Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs), Trade, Sustainability, Turkey,

Corresponding Author: ÜSTÜNER BİRBEN, birben@karatekin.edu.tr 1 ÇANKIRI KARATEKİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ

988

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 896

A ETHNOBOTANICAL RESEARCH ON WILD FRUITS OF BİNGÖL 1

RIDVAN POLAT , EBRU YÜCE BABACAN , UĞUR ÇAKILCIOĞLU

ABSTRACT This study carried out between May 2012 and September 2014 proposed to identify wild frutits and the diverse ways they are used by the local populations of Bingöl. During this period, 56 vascular plant specimens were collected. The plants were pressed in the field and prepared for identification. A total of 22 wild fruit plants belonging to different families were identified in the region. In the research area, local people were found to use wild fruits for food and for curative purposes. These plants are used in the treatment of many diseases. By drying infusions or decoctions of these plants, local people use them during the whole seasons of the year. Most commonly used plants genus are Crataegus, Rosa, Rubus and Pyrus.

KEYWORDS Etnobotany, Traditional medicine, Food plants, Wild fruits, Bingöl.

Corresponding Author: RIDVAN POLAT, rpolat10@hotmail.com 1 BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 MUNZUR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

989

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 897

CEREALS AND ANTHOCYANİNS 1

ÇAĞLA KAYİŞOĞLU , MÜNİR ANIL

ABSTRACT Cereals and Anthocyanins Çağla KAYİŞOĞLU, Münir ANIL Ondokuz Mayıs University Engineering Faculty Food Engineering Department, Samsun The anthocyanins compose a group of intensely coloured pigments responsible for the orange, red, purple and blue colours of many fruits, vegetables, flowers, leaves, roots and other storage organisms of plants. They are found in nature in the form of polyhydroxylated and or methoxylated heterosides which derive from the flavylium ion or 2-phenylbenzopyrilium. The de-glycosylated or aglycone forms of anthocyanins are known as anthocyanidins. Aglycon (anthocyanidin) is found united to one or various sugars, which, in turn, can be acylated with different organic acids. The presence of these hydroxyl groups on the rings, as well as one or several sugar molecules, make these compounds quite soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol. Anthocyanin stability increases with the number of methoxyls in the B ring and decreases as hydroxyls increase. Thus, among the most common anthocyaninidins, the most stable is malvidin, followed by peonidin, petunidin, cyanidin and delphinidin. The differences between anthocyanins relate to the number of hydroxyl groups, the nature and number of sugars attached to the molecule, the position of this attachment, and the nature and number of aliphatic or aromatic acids attached to sugars in the molecule. Anthocyanins occur naturally in fruits and vegetables as glycosides, having glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose or arabinose attached to an aglycon nucleus. Purple corn is a special cultivar of corn that is rich in anthocyanins and other functional phytochemicals. The health benefits of anthocyanins in purple corn have been attributed to their high antioxidant activities and to other mechanisms, such as the presence of components that have been shown to potentially reduce the risk of colon cancer by inhibiting the proliferation of human colon cancer cells in vitro. The anthocyanins of purple corn have been characterized and these include cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-(6″malonylglucoside), cyanidin-3-(3″, 6″-dimalonylglucoside), pelargonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3glucoside and their malonated counterparts as the major anthocyanins. Although widely consumed as white rice, there are many special cultivars of rice that contain colour pigments, such as black rice, red rice and brown rice. Their name refer to the kernel colour (black, red or purple) which is formed by deposits of anthocyanins in different layers of the pericarp, seed coat and aleurone. The most abundant colored rice anthocyanins are cyanidin 3-glucoside and peonidin 3-glucoside with cyanidin 3glucoside levels being significantly higher than peonidin 3-glucoside. The functional properties of the extracts from black rice have been widely studied using in vivo and in vitro models. Because of their high antioxidant activity, they can protect endothelial cells prevent heart and cardiovascular diseases and act as anticancer agents. Whole wheat grain is a good source of dietary fiber and antioxidants which can promote health benefits towards several chronic diseases usually associated with oxidative stress. Although most of the cultivated cultivars are white or red-grained, some varieties such as purple and blue wheat grains have drawn the attention of researchers and food industry due to their high content in anthocyanin pigments and to their antioxidant properties. Color in wheat grains is Corresponding Author: ÇAĞLA KAYİŞOĞLU, cagla.kucuksozen@gmail.com 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

990

localized in the bran layers. The red color is due to the presence of major catechin-tannin and minor anthocyanins in the diploid testa of seed coat. The purple color is due to anthocyanins and in the diploid pericarp layer. Blue color is due to anthocyanins in the aleurone layer. Anthocyanins in purple wheat; delphinidin 3-galaktosid, delphinidin 3-arabinosid, siyanidin 3-arabinoz, petunidin 3galaktosid, siyanidin 3-glukozid, peonidin 3-glukosid, malvidin 3-glukosid 3-galaktosid, pelargonidin 3-arabinosid ve peonidin 3-arabinosid, malvidin 3-glukosid, siyanidin. Siyanidin 3-glikosid was also the most abundant anthocyanin in purple wheat; however, this was followed by siyanidin 3-galaktosid and malvidin 3-glikosid. Blue wheat, reported the most abundant anthocyanin to be delphinidin-3glucoside followed by delphinidin-3-rutinoside, accounting for %37 and %32 of the total anthocyanin content, respectively. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside have also been detected in purple wheat reported that cyanidin-3-glucoside was the principal anthocyanin in aleurone blue wheat with pelargonidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-galactacide also being present. In barley, delphinidin 3glucoside, delphinidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, and cyanidin chloride were positively identified with delphinidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside being high in yellow and purple barley, respectively.

KEYWORDS anthocyanin, wheat, corn, rice, barley

991

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 898

ETHNOMEDICINAL USES OF ONOPORDUM ACANTHIUM L. IN BINGÖL REGION 1

RIDVAN POLAT , UĞUR ÇAKILCIOĞLU , EBRU YÜCE BABACAN

ABSTRACT This study, conducted between 2011-2012, gathered information on the medicinal uses of Onopordon acanthium L. in Bingöl region. Onopordon acanthium L. from Asteraceae family is a biennial plant growing in the Asia and Europe. Onopordon acanthium L. is an important medicinal plant which has been used in folk medicine. In the research area, local people were found to use Onopordon acanthium for curative hemorrhoids. In this study, collection, drying and usage phases of Onopordon acanthium were examined.

KEYWORDS Etnobotany, Traditional medicine, Onopordon acanthium, Bingöl.

Corresponding Author: RIDVAN POLAT, rpolat10@hotmail.com 1 BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 MUNZUR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

992

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 899

A REVİEW OF DİETARY TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND CORONARY ARTERY DİEASE 1

NESLIHAN ARSLAN , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GÜLSÜM DEVECİ

ABSTRACT The relationship between diet and health have been an important issue. The roles of dietary antioxidants and health also have been of particular interest. Compounds in fruits and vegetables are bioactive and they interact with each other. These compounds are antioxidants. The Institute on Medicine has defined a dietary antioxidant as “a substance in foods that significantly decreases the adverse effects of reactive species (oxygen and nitrogen species) on normal physiological function in humans. Reactive oxygen species can form as a result of metabolic and physiological processes and as oxidative reactions in the organism. The organism can prevent these reactive oxygen species with enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms. Under some circumstances, the increase of oxidants and the decrease of antioxidants may not be prevented and the oxidative/antioxidative balance may shift towards the oxidative state. As a result, oxidative stress is responsible for more than 100% of the disease. Antioxidant molecules prevent oxidative reactions that occur in the organism. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) aims to measure the free radical-reducing capacity of all antioxidants in the diet and takes into account synergistic effects between substances. Measuring the “total antioxidant capacity of the diet” is a challenge and different alternatives have been explored which show similar ranking of foods according to their antioxidant capacity. Concentrations of different antioxidants in serum can be measured separately in the laboratory environment. But these measurements are both time consuming, expensive and complicated. Since individual measurements of different antioxidant molecules are impractical and the effects of these antioxidants are synergistic, an antioxidant response is measured, and this is named Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Dietary intake of antioxidants has been reported to reduce the risk of many metabolic diseases. However, it is not clear which antioxidant is more effective in reducing this risk, but there are also studies showing the ineffectiveness or adverse effect of using a single antioxidant. Total antioxidant capacity reflects all antioxidants in the diet and synergistic effects of these antioxidants. Dietary total antioxidant capacity and serum antioxidant capacity were found to be inversely related to coronary artery diease according to the data obtained from epidemiological studies. At the same time the antioxidant capacity of serum is related with coronary artery diease. The purpose of this rewiev is to demonstrate the relationship between dietary and serum total antioxidant capacity and coronary artery diease. In a study of 53 coronary artery 42 healthy control groups, serum TAC levels in the patient group were significantly lower than in the healthy control group (p<0.001). TAC levels were significantly lower in diabetic, smokers, hyperlipidemic and obese subjects compared to those who did not include these factors [13]. In the study with individuals with coronary angiography abnormalities who admitted to the hospital with 42 myocardial infarction under the age of 35, the TAC level was significantly higher in the control group. TOS level was significantly higher in the patient group. The disease showed a positive correlation with severity and TOS. As a result, increasing the total antioxidant capacity of the Corresponding Author: NESLİHAN ARSLAN, akdeniz.neslihan91@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

993

diet in individuals with a high risk of coronary artery disease is an important effect in preventing disease formation.

KEYWORDS dietary antioxidant capacity,coronary artery disease, antioxidants

994

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 900

DETERMINATION OF APPROPRIATE AREAS AND DESIGN PROPOSALS FOR HEALING GARDENS IN TOKAT 1

KÜBRA YAZİCİ , ŞÜHEDA BASIRE AKÇA , LEVENT YAZİCİ

ABSTRACT In recent years, research on the psychological impact of the structural environment on human health has come to the fore in the world public, resulting in the emergence of the 'healthcare design and quality of life' approach. Healing garden designers have positive effects on users by creating spaces with natural and artificial elements. Created spaces ensure that people are physically and mentally healthy. Recently, in Tokat, projects related to the importance of medicinal aromatic plants as well as their development have been carried out. However, the design of healing gardens is a fairly new topic today and there is no public healing garden in Tokat. The purpose of this research was to determine the appropriate areas for the healing gardens in Tokat in the light of the available research and to explain the design principles and benefits for visitors. In conclusion, this study was described the role of the history of the region and plant diversity in planning in the design of healing garden.

KEYWORDS Healing garden, Landscape design, Tokat

Corresponding Author: ŞÜHEDA BASİRE AKÇA, suhedabasire@hotmail.com 1 GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ BAHÇE BİTKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ- TOKAT 2 BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ ÇAYCUMA GIDA VE TARIM MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU - ZONGULDAK 3 ORTA KARADENİZ GEÇİT KUŞAĞI TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ- TOKAT

995

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 901

DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF DIFFERENT PLANT SPECIES BELONGING TO ASTERACEAE FAMILY 1

DUDU DUYGU KILIÇ , ARIF AYAR , CEREN YAVUZ , TUBA YILDIRIM

ABSTRACT The use of herbs as alternative medicine have increased dramatically in the last years. In recent years, due to the harmful effects of chemical drugs are frequently observed antimutagenic, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal properties of extracts which derived from plants and they have been used in medicine. In this study, aim was investigate the antibacterial activities of some plant species belonging to Asteraceae family which distributed to different ecological conditions in Amasya. The antibacterial activities of Anthemis tinctoria, Matricaria chamomilla and Achillea biebersteinii plant extracts which belonging to Asteraceae family from Amasya region were determined by disc diffusion and microdilution method. The methanolic extracts of these plants were prepared with Soxhlet extractor. The antibacterial activities of plant extracts were tested against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70600, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076. As a result of this study, it was observed that plant extracts had antibacterial effects when they compared with control group antibiotics According to the results of disk diffusion method, the highest antibacterial effect was identified Anthemis tinctoria, Matricaria chamomilla and Achillea biebersteinii respectively. The microdilution method was studied concentration range from 6.25 - to 50 mg/ml. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the most effective Anthemis tinctoria plant extract were 12.5 mg/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; 25 mg/ml for Salmonella enteritidis. The MICs of the most effective Matricaria chamomilla plant extract were 25 mg/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 50 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs of the most effective Achillea biebersteinii plant extract were 25 mg/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae; ≥ 50 mg/ml for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 12.5 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus; 50 mg/ml for Salmonella enteritidis. As a result, We determined Anthemis tinctoria, Matricaria chamomilla and Achillea biebersteinii plant extracts which are belonging to Asteraceae family have properties of bacterial inhibition. In this context, it can be considered that these plant species are used as an alternative treatments and can lead to later studies.

KEYWORDS Asteraceae, Disc diffusion, Microdilution

Corresponding Author: DUDU DUYGU KILIÇ, drduygukilic@gmail.com 1 AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

996

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 902

TYROSINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF IRIS XANTHOSPURIA EXTRACTS 1

MEHMET ALI ÖZLER , YUSUF SICAK , MEHMET ÖZTÜRK , MEHMET EMIN DURU

ABSTRACT Tyrosinase inhibitors inhibit the production of melanin in the derm. Up to date, many natural compounds have been screened for their tyrosinase inhibitory potential, and they were compared to those of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors. The tyrosinase inhibitors such as arbutin, kojic acid, and hydroquinones are used as whitening and anti-hyperpigmentation agents. In this context, there is a need for new tyrosinase inhibitors without the side effects. The study was aimed to determine tyrosinase inhibition activities of various extracts obtained using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol solvents from rhizome and stem of Iris xanthospuria. In this study, it can be concluded that the ethyl acetate extracts of I. xanthospuria rhizome can be a potential candidate for the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme.

KEYWORDS Iris xanthospuria, Tyrosinase inhibition activity

997

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 903

SPIRULINA AND ITS HEALTH EFFECTS 1

NESLIHAN ARSLAN , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GÜLSÜM DEVECİ

ABSTRACT The dried state of Arthrospira platensis, an oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria found in sea water, is called Spirulina. The name Spirulina comes from the spiral filaments of Arthrospira platensis. Spirulina naturally grows in alkaline lakes and seas and is commercially produced under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Because it has not cellulose and cell walls, it is readily digested. In this review, spirulina's effects on health such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antiinflammatory are discussed. THE CONTENT OF SPIRULINA 60-70% of the dry weight is composed of protein. It contains all essential amino acids ; gamma-linolenic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, EPA, DHA, stearidonic acid and arachidonic acid. It contains vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, C,A and E and minerals such as calcium, potassium, chromium, copper, manganese, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, and selenium. EFFECTS ON HEALTH ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT The antioxidant effect of spirulina has been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies. This antioxidant effect is known to be caused by phytocyanins, B-carotene and other vitamins and minerals contained in the content. In a study conducted in hypercholesterolemic rats, 1-5 g / kg spirulina is administered for 8 weeks. Ultimately, it has been shown to increase glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activity in the liver. The DNA degradation in lymphocytes is significantly reduced. ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT In a study of diabetics, SP administration reduced plasma fasting glucose level significantly. Fluid uptake was significantly lower in the SP group than in the 2 diabetic groups. The possible mechanism of SP is suggested to stimulate pancreatic beta cells, either to increase insulin release or to help transport blood glucose to peripheral tissues. NUTRITION STATUS A study in which 87 malnourished children aged 0-5 years were given 3 grams of spirulina for 12 weeks showed significantly better height and body weight when compared to the vitamin and mineral treated group. It is also more effective than vitamin-mineral treated group at ferritin and iron levels. TOXICITY There is no information yet on the toxicity of spirulina. However, it is said that potentially toxic materials such as heavy metals can be found in the water. It has also been reported that pesticides may contain cyanobacterial toxins. That is why Spirulina should be acquired from trusted sources. Spirulina usually works at 1-10 g/day doses. Doses recommended for adults are 3-10 g/day. The Dietary Supplements Information Expert Committee (DSI-EC) has shown that spirulina does not constitute a class of health hazard. However, it is still unclear whether it interacts with other medicines. Headache, stomachache, muscle pain and concentration problems have been reported in some cases. It is also not recommended for use in patients with phenylketonuria, autoimmune diseases and ALS . Spirulina is generally recognized as safe(GRAS list). In 2012, it was found safe to use both spirulina and extract as a coloring agent. The dose with no observable side effects (NOAEL) was determined to be 10.00 mg/ kg. The safe dose was 4,12 mg/kg according to the information obtained from human studies. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Human studies done up to daylight are rather limited. More case-control studies are needed. Given its composition, spirulina is Corresponding Author: NESLİHAN ARSLAN, akdeniz.neslihan91@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

998

said to be a rich source of protein, vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals. The use of this source in poor and malnutrition-fighting countries is being debated. In order to be cheap and accessible, studies on the use of spirulina for this purpose should be undertaken.

KEYWORDS Spirulina,Arthrospira platensis, Nutrition

999

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 904

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF METHANOL EXTRACTS OF SOME PLANT SPECIES BELONGING TO LAMIACEAE FAMILY 1

DUDU DUYGU KILIÇ , ARIF AYAR , CEREN YAVUZ , TUBA YILDIRIM

ABSTRACT The effects of medicinal and aromatic plants have been known since ancient times and these plants are widely used in the treatment of diseases. Especially the species belonging to Lamiaceae family are used as antibacterial agent among medical plants. The aim of the present study was to determinated the antibacterial effects of the methanolic extracts of some plant species belonging Lamiaceae family which distributed to different ecological conditions in Amasya. The antibacterial effects of Stachys annua, Scutellaria salviifolia and Nepata nuda plant extracts was determined by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. The methanolic extracts of these plants were prepared with Soxhlet extractor. The antibacterial effects of plant extracts were tested against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70600, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076. In this study, we observed that plant extracts had antibacterial effect when they compared with control group antibiotics. According to the results of disk diffusion method, the highest antibacterial effect was identified Scutellaria salviifolia, Stachys annua and Nepata nuda respectively. The microdilution method was studied concentration range from 6.25 - to 50 mg/ml. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the most effective Scutellaria salviifolia plant extract were 12.5 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli; 25 mg/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MICs of Stachys annua plant extract were 12.5 mg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli; 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus; 50 mg/ml for Klebsiella pneumoniae. MICs of Nepata nuda plant extract were 12.5 mg/ml Klebsiella pneumonia; 25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus; 50 mg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. As a result, Our study it was determined that Scutellaria salviifolia, Stachys annua and Nepata nuda species belonging to the Lamiaceae family have antibacterial activities in vitro conditions. After investigating toxicological and pharmacological properties, we think that it may be the subject of use in medicine, food, cosmetics and other industrial fields.

KEYWORDS Lamiaceae, Disc diffusion, Microdilution

Corresponding Author: DUDU DUYGU KILIÇ, drduygukilic@gmail.com 1 AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1000

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 906

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF SOME NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCTS AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES 1

CEYHUN KILIÇ , ZEHRA CAN , AYŞENUR YILMAZ , HÜLYA TURNA

ABSTRACT Some non-wood forest products are brewed and consumed as tea. Among the reasons for the consumption of herbal tea, digestive problems are located in the first row. Antioxidants help to human body for arranging digestive and immune system. Herbal tea is brewed in various ways such as boiling at different durations or waiting in hot water at different temperatures etc. Type of brewing can affect to bioactive properties of herbal tea. In this study, it was investigated the bioactive properties (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, condensed tannin content and antioxidant properties) of some herbals brewed (Green tea / Camellia sinensis, senna / Zea mays ssp., corn silk / Cassia ssp., rosemary / Rosmarinus officinalis) at different temperature. These herbs were brewed for 10 minutes at 60oC, 80 oC and 100 oC temperatures. After cooling, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, condensed tannin content and antioxidant properties of these herbs were determined. Consistently; the highest results were found in the tea brewed at 100oC The highest total flavonoid (0.305 ± 0.005 mg QE/g) and ferric reducing ability (670.150 ± 2.121 µmol FeSO47H2O/g) was in Rosmarinus officinalis. . The highest condensed tannin (9.443 ± 0.524 mg CE/g) and the highest total phenolic content (4.872 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g) was in Camellia sinensis and Cassia ssp., respectively

KEYWORDS Antioxidant, corn silk, green tea, rosemary, senna

Corresponding Author: CEYHUN KILIÇ, ceyhunkilic@gmail.com 1 DOĞU KARADENİZ ORMANCILIK ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1001

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 908

UTILIZATION OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE FLOUR IN THE MANUFACTURING OF TURKISH DRY FERMENTED SUCUK 1

TE D

AYŞEGÜL GÜNDEM , DUDU GÖÇMEN , DILEK KAZAN , CEM OKAN ÖZER

ABSTRACT

Jerusalem artichoke is a medicinal plant with various effects such as antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer activities and it is often used as folk medicine for the treatment of some problems. Additionally, it contains high amount of phenolic compound, antioxidants and dietary fiber. It can be concluded that artichoke may be used as a functional food additive in food industry because of these useful properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of replacing animal fat with Jerusalem artichoke flour on the quality characteristics of sucuk (Turkish dry fermented sausage). Experimental sucuks were manufactured with replacing animal fat with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% artichoke flour. Chemical composition, color and texture properties and microbial properties of sucuks were determined during manufacture and storage period. The results indicated that addition of artichoke flour decreased TBARS values compared to control group (p<0.05). The use of Jerusalem artichoke flour affected lactic acid bacteria counts and fermentation process in positive manner (p<0.05). Moreover, pH, ash and hardness values were influenced by use of Jerusalem artichoke flour (p<0.05). Addition of artichoke flour enhanced pH decrease in sucuk during the fermentation and storage period (p<0.05). Increasing levels of artichoke flour in sucuk formulation caused a decrease in hardness values of sucuk (p<0.05). The results indicated that the use of artichoke flour in sucuk manufacture had no negative effects on quality parameters of sucuk and therefore it can be concluded that utilization of artichoke flour in sucuk manufacture may has positive nutritional effects and may contribute to improve shelf life of sucuk.

KEYWORDS

Sucuk, Jerusalem artichoke, Fermentation Texture, TBARS

Corresponding Author: AYŞEGÜL GÜNDEM, 13260410038@nevsehir.edu.tr 1 NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ UNİVERSİTY

1002

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 909

YOUTH ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS OF MEDICINAL PLANT OR MEDICINAL PLANT BASED DRUG USE 1

ÖZKAN GÖRGÜLÜ , ASLI AKILLI

ABSTRACT Herbal treatment and alternative medicine methods are widely used in old and strong eastern cultures like China and India and also Middle East countries like Syria, Iran, and Iraq. In the last 20 years, interest in herbal medicine has been dramatically increased in our country and Europe. When compulsory migrations from the Middle East are expected to affect western cultures; it is envisaged that herbal cure will become prevalent and the importance of the herbal cure will increase. This work was supported by the Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: TIP.E2.17.006. In this study, it was aimed to determine the attitudes and behaviors of the young population in the age of university in Turkey regarding the use of medicinal plants or medicinal plant based drugs. For this purpose, a survey study was conducted on 400 university students. Participation in the survey was done on a voluntary with randomly selected students. The descriptive statistics as well as the chi-square test were used in the study. The average age of the students who participated in the survey was calculated as 20.43 ± 0.098. In this study conducted with a young group, it was determined that 32.5% of the youth use medicinal plants or medicinal plant based drugs and 67.5% do not use them. Gender was statistically significant in the use of these products (p<0.01) and also it was found that the place of birth in the rural or urban was not effective on the medicinal plant or medicinal plant based drug use (p> 0.05). Mothers and grandparents were found to be most effective in the use of these products in their families (p <0.01). In the study of participation from seven geographical regions of Turkey, it was determined that there was no significant relationship between the medicinal plant or medicinal plant-based drug use and the regions where the students' families lived (p>0.05). However, the distribution of the medicinal plant or medicinal plant based drugs used according to regions was statistically significant (p<0.01).

KEYWORDS Alternative medicine, complementary medicine, herbal medicine, herbal treatment, medicinal plant

Corresponding Author: ÖZKAN GÖRGÜLÜ, ozkangorgulu@gmail.com 1 AHİ EVRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ 2 AHİ EVRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ

1003

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 910

DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME TAXA OF THE GENUS TANACETUM L. 1

TE D

YUSUF ALAN , AHMET SAVCI , SIRAÇ TOPDEMİR , MURAT KURŞAT

ABSTRACT

Tanacetum L., the third largest genus in the family Asteraceae (Compositae), which has 160 taxa worldwide. Usually, the taxa of Tanacetum have spread to Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. In our country, 46 taxa are present. In our work, plant samples were collected in the province of Bitlis. Extracts of Tanacetum taxa (Tanacetum aureum (lam.) Greuter var. oligocephalum (DC.) Kandemir (Ekşi pireotu), Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip. / beyaz papatya, Tanacetum balsamitoides L. (Marsuvanotu), Tanacetum zahlbruckneri (Nab) Grierson (Özge pireotu)) were obtained from the plant samples by clevenger hydrodistillation. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts of Tanacetum taxa were investigated. The antimicrobial activities of the T. aureum var. oligocephalum, T. parthenium, T. Balsamitoides and T. zahlbruckneri taxon extracts were determined by the hollow agar method. Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 9027, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as test microorganisms. Eritromisin (E-15), Ampisillin (AM- 10), Amikasin (AK-30), Rifampisin (RD-5) and Fluconazole (25 µg) antibiotics were used for positive control. According to the results obtained, T. aureum var. oligocephalum extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Y. lipolytica (26 mm) and T. zahlbruckneri extract the lowest activity against B. subtilis (11 mm). We have found that plant extracts generally have better antimicrobial activity when compared with antibiotics that we use. Antioxidant activities of plant extracts were examined using different in vitro methodologies such as total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method, reduction capacity of cupric ions (Cu2+) by the Kuprak method, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) free radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Compared with the standard antioxidants BHA, BHT and αtocopherol, reduction capacities for samples are as follows T. balsamitoides ˃ BHA > T. aureum var. oligocephalum > BHT > α-tokoferol > T. parthenium ˃ T. zahlbruckneri. According to the results of the study,% inhibition was 70.77% for BHT, 66.35% for BHT, 62.11% for α tocopherol, 61.86% for extracts. When we look at the results of ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity, we can say that all of them are close to each other and show very good activity. ABTS radical activities of plants and standards are listed as follows: BHT (%96,16) ≥ α-tocopherol (%96,15) ≥ BHA (%96,04) ≥ T. aureum var. oligocephalum (%95,99) ≥ T. balsamitoides (%95,97) ≥ T. parthenium (%95,95) ≥ T. zahlbruckneri (%95,92).

Corresponding Author: SIRAÇ TOPDEMİR, srctpdmr@gmail.com 1 MUŞ ALPARSLAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1004

KEYWORDS Tanacetum (Asteraceae), Exract, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity

1005

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 911

HYPOGEOUS FUNDAL SPECİES GROWN IN OSMANIYE 1

FUAT BOZOK , HATIRA TAŞKIN , HASAN HÜSEYIN DOĞAN , ŞABAN GÜNERİ

ABSTRACT In the present study, we report seven truffle taxa from Amanos Mountains and KaratepeAslantaş regions (Osmaniye) for Turkey. These species are as follows: Tuber aestivum, T. brumale, T. borchii, T. nitidum, T. rufum, Terfezia olbiensis and Hysterangium clathroides. Of these species, we also report new localities for T. olbiensis and H. clathroides within Turkey.

KEYWORDS Tuber, Truffle, Osmaniye, Turkey

Corresponding Author: ŞABAN GÜNERİ, sabanguneri@ogm.gov.tr 1 DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE AND ARTS, OSMANİYE KORKUT ATA UNİVERSİTY 2 DEPARTMENT OF HORTİCULTURE, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE, ÇUKUROVA UNİVERSİTY 3 DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, SELÇUK UNİVERSİTY 4 ADANA REGİONAL DİRECTORATE OF FORESTRY, NON-WOOD PRODUCTS AND SERVİCES UNİT

1006

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 912

INVESTIGATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM NEPETA TRANSCAUCASICA GROSSH. VE SCUTELLARIA ALBIDA L. SUBSP. CONDENSATA (RECH.F.) J.R.EDM. TAXA 1

ABSTRACT

TE D

YUSUF ALAN , AHMET SAVCI , SIRAÇ TOPDEMİR , MURAT KURŞAT

Lamiaceae family in Turkey is represented by 46 genera, 577 species and 755 taxa in total. In our work, plant material was collected in Bitlis province. The collected plant samples of Nepeta transcaucasica (Kaf pisikotu) and Scutellaria albida L. subsp. condensata (Kırk kaside) were dried and extracted with the soxhalat method. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts obtained were investigated. The antimicrobial activities of the Nepeta transcaucasica ve Scutellaria albida L. subsp. condensata taxon extracts were determined by the hollow agar method. Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Pseudomonas aeroginosa ATCC 9027, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Yarrowia lipolytica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as test microorganisms. Eritromisin (E-15), Ampisillin (AM- 10), Amikasin (AK-30), Rifampisin (RD-5) and Fluconazole (25 µg) antibiotics were used for positive control. According to the results obtained, Nepeta transcaucasica extract showed the highest antimicrobial activity against C. albicans (27 mm) and extracts the lowest activity against E.coli ve P. aeroginosa’a (12 mm). When we compare plant extracts with the antibiotics we use, it has been found that they generally exhibit similar antimicrobial activity.

KEYWORDS

Nepeta transcaucasica, Scutellaria albida L. subsp. condensata , Extract, Antimicrobial

Activity

Corresponding Author: SIRAÇ TOPDEMİR, srctpdmr@gmail.com 1 MUŞ ALPARSLAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1007

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 915

ASTAXANTHIN, OXIDATIVE STRESS AND SENESCENCE 1

GÜLSÜM DEVECİ , NİLÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , NESLİHAN ARSLAN

ABSTRACT A progression process becomes reality by each turn of Earth around the sun. In this period, numerous systems such as hormones, proteins, immunity are affected by results of changes in gene expression of human. In addition to gene expression, changeable factors such as type of nutrition, environment, stresve life style end up with people’ s appearanceduringthis all term.Senescence ensues from these differentiations and cumulations increasing based on it. Stochastic theories that are some of assumptions explained by approximately over 300 theories, suggesting which senescence occurs with accumulation of toxic products, include hypotheses of free radical, wear and tear, destructive DNA damage, mitochondrial and lacking of cellular adaptation mechanism. Besides of degenerative diseases, process of senescence also accelerates due to heaps and increments of free radicals in cells and tissues and alterations in oxidation pathway depending on some metals. Natural antioxidants that are present as ascorbic acid, caratenoids, phenolic compounds, phospholipids,sterols, reaction products of maillard and protein-releated components in foods minimize this oxidative damage of biomolecules and hinders oxidative cycle. Although astaxanthin, being a carotenoid source, resembles its genus, having both hydroxy- and oxi-parts makes it different from other carotenoids. Including both bathces, double bonds in its structure and property of polar-nonpolar-polar enable it to be more antioxidant activity. Astaxanthin, doses of it is 2 mg/kg/day, 6 mg/day or 0.02 % of daily diet, possesses favorable effects on reactive oxygen species by affecting activity of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, levels of oxidative stress products such as nitric oxide, acrolein and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), pathways of heme oxygenase-1, nuclear factor like-2 (Nrf2) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/Akt), and also decreases these cases increasing with senescence. It is mentioned that effects of different amounts of astaxanthin on oxidative stress and aging process in this review. After all, it has been stated that effects of antioxidant and inflammation prevention would influence positively senescence mechanisms and impressions of aging. Astaxanthin is important with regards to awareness raising in this topic.

KEYWORDS Astaxanthin, oxidative stress, antioxidative enzymes, senescence

Corresponding Author: GÜLSÜM DEVECİ, devecigulsum@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1008

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 920

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF ASTAXANTHIN IN THE PREVENTION OF DISEASES 1

GÜLSÜM DEVECİ , NİLÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , NESLİHAN ARSLAN

ABSTRACT Astaxanthin, belonging to xanthophyll’s which are oxidized derivates of carotenoids, differs from other xanthophylls due to having both hydroxy- and oxy-groups. Hydroxyl groups in both terminal ends gives astaxanthin polar property and middle section also does nonpolar property. While there have been various isomers in parallel with configurations of these hydroxy groups, esterification of astaxanthin with diverse fatty acids and their degree influence its effectiveness and half of life. Not being activity of vitamin A during metabolized in liver, ability of passing blood-brain barrier, joining in grey matter of brain are other specific features of astaxhantin. In addition these, taking part in membrane structure, activities of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic make it protective effectin diverse chronic diseases.Treatments with different quantity of astaxanthin, 25 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day or 720 mg/kg/day, result ina reducing in cytokine and bacterial burden in gastric inflammation, amelioration of GLUT4 and interlinkage of insulin-substrate, decreasing postprandial blood sugar, enhancing insulin secretion by β-cells. Besides these findings, inhibiting growth of cancer cells, enhancing cerebral edema and blood-brain barrier, attenuatingretinal ischemic damage, increasing liveliness of sperm and ameliorating glomerular function and social interaction in autism are also suggested. As a result, astaxanthin may be a promising in usage of it as adjuvant to prevention and treatments of renal, cardiovascular, neurologic and diabetes mellitus diseases. Accordingly, it has been reported to be needed more studies.

KEYWORDS Astaxanthin, chronic diseases, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic.

Corresponding Author: GÜLSÜM DEVECİ, devecigulsum@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1009

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 923

MIYTHS RELATED TO MEDICAL PLANT OLIVE IN THE AEGEAN REGION 1

NEŞE ERDINÇ , ÖZLEM YILMAZ

ABSTRACT In recent years there have been many studies on the effects of medicinal and aromatic plants on human health. Turkey has an important place in the world with its geographical features and unique culture in terms of medical plants. The richness of the Aegean region has also been noticed in ancient times. There are many legends and mythos, which are quoted daily before the history, and various plants are mentioned. Mythos have played an important role for the daily use of these plants for their medical use. The history of medical plants is as old as human history. Plants are considered to be the most precious gift of the gods to mankind. Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine and has produced about 400 medicinal plant classifications in his books. The great Turkish Islamic scientist Ibni Sina mentioned various plants used as medicines in his book "The Law" written in the 11th century. In later years, Ibni Sina's books have been used as resources for many years in medical education in Europe. In this study, the use of olives (Olea Europaea) for medical purposes throughout the history and related myths are mentioned. Our findings are the result of the literature search.

KEYWORDS Medicinal plant, myth, olive, olea europaea

Corresponding Author: ÖZLEM YILMAZ, oaylmz@gmail.com 1 AKUPUNKTUR-FİTOTERAPİ ÖZEL SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ, SELÇUK, İZMİR 2 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ, FİZYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI, İZMİR

1010

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 927

WATER SOLUBLE FLUORESCENT CALIX[4]ARENE AS NARINGENIN CARRIER: ENHANCED SOLUBILITY, CYTOTOXICITY AND CANCER CELL IMAGING 1

MEHMET OGUZ , ASIF ALI BHATTI , SERDAR KARAKURT , MUSTAFA YILMAZ

ABSTRACT Flavonoids are micronutrients that are widely identified in foods of plant origin and have been recognized potent antioxidants, possessing bioactive potential to reduce cancer risk, prevent cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Among flavanone, naringenin is regarded as a phytoestrogen with weak estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities that inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells and melanoma cells. However, poor water solubility of this flavanone make it less bioactive. To tackle problem of solubility of this anticancer drug, different methods are being used in pharmaceutics. Moreover, in recent years, supramolecular chemistry has gained large attention in drug delivery system and enhancemnt of solubility of the water insoluble drugs. In this connection, different macromolecules have been used as carrier. In this study we have synthesized water soluble calixarene containg fluorescent moity at lower rim and formed the inclusion complex with naringenin. Different studies such as jobs plot, phase solublity and binding constant were determined. Cancer cell imaging were carried out to observe the movement of drug in cancer cells and IC50 values were determined.

KEYWORDS p-Sulphonatocalix[4]arene, Dansyl, Fluorescence, Flavonoid, Naringenin, Cell İmaging

Corresponding Author: MEHMET OGUZ, m.oguz2011@gmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF ADVANCED MATERİAL AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, KONYA 2 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, KONYA /NATİONAL CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE İN ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, UNİVERSİTY OF SİNDH, JAMSHORO, PAKİSTAN 3 DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİSTRY, SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, KONYA 4 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, KONYA

1011

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 928

MYTHOS CONCERNING DAPHNE AND ITS MEDICINAL USAGE 1

NEŞE ERDINÇ , ÖZLEM YILMAZ

ABSTRACT Healing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. The connection between human and his search for drugs in nature dates from the far past, of which there is ample evidence from various sources: written documents and legends. In recent years, with the growing interest of traditional medicine, many studies have been carried out on the effects of on the effects of plants on health. The ancient legends and myths occupies an important place for understanding the properties of medicinal plants. This information is transmitted orally and in writing illuminate still holds today. Turkey has a special precaution in terms of medical plants in terms of both its geographical features and the myths. The daphne tree is one of the important medicinal plants subject to the myths in Anatolia. Laurel leaves be obtained from the daphne tree . Turkey, the most important laurel leaves exporter country in the world, meets about 90% of the world bay requirement. In this study, it is mentioned about mythos and medicinal use areas related to Daphne / Laurel leaves (Laurus nobilis) plant.

KEYWORDS Medicinal plant, myth, daphne, laurel leaves

1012

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 931

THE PHENOLIC PROFILE OF NEPETA CONGESTA VAR. CONGESTA AND NEPETA CELIOTROPIFOLIA VAR. CELIOTROPIFOLIA 1

ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , MEHMET VEYSI ÇAĞLAYAN , MUSTAFA ABDULLAH YILMAZ , NESRIN HAŞIMI , FIRAT 4 1 4 5 AYDIN , SERKAN YIĞITKAN , İSMAIL YENER , UFUK KOLAK

ABSTRACT The genus Nepeta is a member of Lamiaceae family and has a worldwide distribution with over 250 species which widely grow in Europe, Asia, North America, North Africa and in the Mediterranean region . In Turkey, Nepeta species are represented by 41 taxa (18 of them are endemic) and mostly distributed in East Anatolia and Taurus Mountains . Some Nepeta species have been traditionally used as diuretic, diaphoretic, antitussive, antispasmodic, antiasthmatic, febrifuge, sedative, spice and herbal tea . In this study, the chemical profile of ethanol extracts of Nepeta congesta var. congesta and Nepeta celiotropifolia var. celiotropifolia were determined using LCMS/MS. A comprehensive LC-MS/MS method validation was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 37 phytochemicals including 15 phenolic acids, 17 flavonoids, 3 nonphenolic organic acids, 1 phenolic aldehyde and 1 benzopyrane. The powdered plant materials (stems, leaves, flowers, roots and mixed parts) were extracted three times with ethanol (50 mL each) at room temperature for 24 h. Afterwards, the extracts obtained were combined, filtered and evaporated under low pressure. Dry filtrates were reconstituted in ethanol at a concentration of 250 mg L-1 and filtered through the 0.2 µm PTFE filter prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. These two species were found to be rich in rosmarinic acid. Especially, their flowers extracts possessed very high amount of rosmarinic acid and cosmosiin. Acknowledgements: The research was funded by grant: BYP-2016-20585 from Istanbul University

KEYWORDS Nepeta, Phenolic, LC-MS/MS

Corresponding Author: MEHMET VEYSİ ÇAĞLAYAN, mehmetveysicaglayan@hotmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, 21280 DİYARBAKIR 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL CHEMİSTRY TR21280 DİYARBAKIR 3 DEPARTMENT OF NUTRİTİON AND DİETETİCS, SCHOOL OF HEALTH, BATMAN UNİVERSİTY, 72060 BATMAN 4 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, TR-21280 DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY 5 DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL AND ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, ISTANBUL UNİVERSİTY, TURKEY

1013

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 932

THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LAUREL (LAURUS NOBILIS) ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST BACILLUS SUBTILIS 1

DENİZ DAMLA ALTAN , TUNCAY GÜMÜŞ , ERAY TULUKÇU

ABSTRACT Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used since ancient times for their organoleptic characteristics, therapeutic and medicinal properties. There has been an increased interest in antimicrobial properties of essential oils and extracts from aromatic plants. Laurus nobilis L. is an aromatic plant, frequently used as a spice in Mediterranean cookery. Laurel commonly known as sweet bay, bay laurel, Grecian laurel, true bay, and bay. It belongs to Laureacea family and is native to warm regions of the world, particularly in the Mediterranean countries (Turkey, Greece, Spain, Portugal, Italy and France). The essential oil and extracts obtained from the leaves of laurel have been used to fungal and bacterial infections, to treat epilepsy, parkinsonism, hemorrhoid and rheumatic pains. Several studies show that essential oils of this plant can prolong the storage life of foods by their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Ropiness is bacterial spoilage of bread that is commonly caused by Bacillus spp., especially Bacillus subtilis. It is the most important spoilage of bread after mouldiness which occurs particularly in summer and initially occurs as an unpleasant fruity odor, followed by a discoloured, sticky and softbread crumb, caused by enzymatic degradation. The aims of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of essential oils of laurel against Bacillus subtilis. The essential oils were obtained from laurel leaves that collected from different locations of Turkey (Izmir, Denizli, Antakya-Hatay) and purchased commercially, were experimented for their antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Reference bacteria used in the study was Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774. Disc diffusion method was employed for the determination of antibacterial activity of the essential oils and the inhibition zone diameters were measured in millimeters. The essential oils of laurel (Izmir, Antakya-Hatay, Denizli and commercial) showed antibacterial activity against tested reference bacteria Bacillus subtilis with different inhibition zones of 37.90±3.89, 17.50±0.43, 7.60±0.84 and 37.95±0.63 mm, respectively.

KEYWORDS Laurel, Laurus nobilis L., Essential Oils, Bacillus subtilis, Antibacterial Activity

Corresponding Author: DENİZ DAMLA ALTAN, ddaltan@nku.edu.tr 1 NAMIK KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1014

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 933

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRACTS FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF ENDEMIC SALVIA CERINO-PRUINOSA VAR. CERINOPRUINOSA AND SALVIA ROSIFOLIA 1

ESRA YARIŞ , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , HATICE ÇAKIRCA , MEHMET FIRAT , MEHMET BOĞA , MUSTAFA 5 6 5 7 8 ABDULLAH YILMAZ , MEHMET ÖZTÜRK , HAMDI TEMEL , UFUK KOLAK , GÜLAÇTI TOPÇU

ABSTRACT The genus Salvia, with about 900 species, is one of the most widespread members of the Lamiaceae family plants. An unusually large number of useful secondary metabolites, belonging to various chemical groups, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and other compounds, have been isolated from the genus, which features prominently in the pharmacopeias of many countries throughout the world for wound healing and alleviating stomach, liver, and rheumatism pains and for treating the common cold in the form of infusion. Some Salvia (Sage) species have been used as medicinal plants to treat bronchitis, tuberculosis, menstrual and digestive disorders. They are also being used as spices and tea throughout the world since ancient times. They posses antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, cardioactive and antidiabetic activities. Antioxidant activities of Lamiaceae (Labiatae) plants which are widely grown in Turkey were also investigated by our group. In this research, antioxidant activities of extracts obtained from various parts of (roots, leaves, stems, flowers and mixed) Salvia cerinopruinosa var. cerino-pruinosa and Salvia rosifolia were compared (DPPH, Beta Caroten Cuprac, ABTS). While petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of both species have shown low antioxidant activity, ethanol extracts of both species has shown well antioxidant activity. When compairing both species various parts each other, ethanol extracts of leaves of both species have shown high activity, espacially. It can be said that both endemic Salvia species have potential of antioxidant. Acknowledgements: The research was funded by grant : KBAG 114Z801 from TUBITAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.

KEYWORDS Salvia cerino-pruinosa var. cerino-pruinosa, Salvia rosifolia, antioxidant. Corresponding Author: HATİCE ÇAKIRCA, haticecakirca@windowslive.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, DİYARBAKIR 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKİR, TURKEY 3 DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, VAN 4 DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, DİYARBAKIR 5 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL CHEMİSTRY TR21280 DİYARBAKIR 6 MUGLA SITKI KOÇMAN UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, TR-48121 MUGLA 7 DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL AND ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, ISTANBUL UNİVERSİTY,ISTANBUL 8 DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMİSTRY, BEZMİALEM VAKİF UNİVERSİTY,ISTANBUL, TURKEY

1015

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 935

ENZYME INHIBITORY PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS FROM COLUTEA CILICICA 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , GOKALP OZMEN GULER , GOKHAN ZENGIN , RAMAZAN CEYLAN

ABSTRACT Enzyme inhibitory properties of ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts form Colutea cilicica (Fabaceae) were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. Enzyme inhibitory effect were evaluated aganist cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The methanol extract exhibited the strongest cholinesterase inhibitory activity with 1.326 mgGALAE/g extract in AChE and 0.682 mgGALAE/g extract in BChE. However, the water extract was not active on cholinesterases. The best tyrosinase inhibitory effect were observed in the ethyl acetate extract with 54.70 mgKAE/g extract. Similarly, the ethyl acetate extract exerted the strongest amylase and glucosidase inhibitory effect. These findings suggest that the C. cilicica could serve as an important natural source of biologically active agents for using in food and pharmaceutical industry. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Turkey, Project No: 113Z892.

KEYWORDS Colutea cilicica, enzyme inhibitory properties, natural products

Corresponding Author: GOKALP OZMEN GULER, gguler@konya.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, SCİENCE FACULTY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, KONYA, TURKEY 2 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN UNİVERSİTY, AHMET KELESOGLU EDUCATİON FACULTY, DEPARMENT OF BİOLOGİCAL EDUCATİON, KONYA, TURKEY

1016

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 936

ENZYME INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS FROM EBENUS HIRSUTA 1

ABDURRAHMAN AKTUMSEK , GOKALP OZMEN GULER , GOKHAN ZENGIN , RAMAZAN CEYLAN

ABSTRACT Enzyme inhibitory capacities of ethyl acetate and water extracts form Ebenus hirsuta (Fabaceae) were investigated with spectrophotometric methods. Enzyme inhibitory effects were evaluated aganist cholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The ethyl acetate extract has the highest cholinesterase inhibitory effects as compared to water extract. However, the water extract exhibited the strongest anti-tyrosinase effect with 55.06 mgKAE/g extract. Also, the ethyl acetate extract had the best anti-diabetic effects with the highest amylase inhibiton. Our findings suggest that the Ebenus hirsuta could serve as an valuable source of natural enzyme inhibitors. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Turkey, Project No: 113Z892.

KEYWORDS Ebenus hirsuta, enzyme inhibitory effect, natural products

1017

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 938

ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS CONSUMPTION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN URBAN AREA: THE CASE OF IZMIR-TURKEY 1

HÜLYA ARSLAN , SAIT ENGINDENIZ , GÖRKEM ÖZTÜRK , ÖNDER VOLKAN BAYRAKTAR , DOĞAN ARSLAN

ABSTRACT Medicinal and aromatic plants play a significant role in the life of people and are present in innumerable forms. Medicinal and aromatic plants constitute a major segment of the flora, which provides raw materials for use in the pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and drug industries. The main aim of this study is to analyze consumer structure, consumption trends and preferences with data obtained by survey from hoseholds in urban area of Izmir. For this aim, 96 surveys by proportional sampling have been carried out with members of households in center of Karşıyaka district of Izmir. Study was carried out on hoseholds of dwellings located at six distinct streets of 16 quarters. As a results of the study, a large part of household, medical and aromatic plants does not recognize under the name. In their natural environment, the additivies include, delicious foods, and they have to be protective, immune system booster due to the properties of the products are preferred. Consumer preferred the kind, quantity and product production with the right group of consumers as a result of the determination, the process from production to marketing for effectiveness and sustainability will be provided.

KEYWORDS medicinal and aromatic plant, consumer analysis, consumer attitudes and behaviors, consumer preferences

Corresponding Author: GÖRKEM ÖZTÜRK, gorkem.cosar@tarim.gov.tr 1 T.C. ORMAN GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ,İZMİR ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ, TARIM EKONOMİSİ BÖLÜMÜ 3 ZİRAİ MÜCADELE ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ-BORNOVA 4 SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ, TARIM EKONOMİSİ BÖLÜMÜ 5 SİİRT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ,TARLA BİTKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ

1018

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 939

INVESTIGATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF ESKTRAKTS OBTAINED FROM LALLEMANTIA CANESCENS (L.) FISCH. & C.A. MEY. AND LALLEMANTIA PELTATA (L.) FISCH. & C.A. MEY. SPECIES 2

ABSTRACT

TE D

AHMET SAVCI , YUSUF ALAN , MURAT KURŞAT , SIRAÇ TOPDEMİR

There are three species of Lallemantia (Lamiaceae) genus in Turkey. In our work, plant material was collected in Bitlis province. The collected plant samples of Lallemantia canescens (Topajadarbaşı) and Lallemantia peltata (Kalkanbaşı) were dried and extracted with the soxhalat method. The antioxidant activities of the extracts obtained were investigated. Antioxidant activities of plant extracts were examined using different in vitro methodologies such as total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method, reduction capacity of cupric ions (Cu2+) by the Kuprak method, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•) free radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Compared with the standard antioxidants BHA, BHT and α-tocopherol, reduction capacities for L.canescens and L. peltata plants are as follows; BHA > L.peltata > BHT > α-tokoferol > L.canescens. According to the results of the study,% inhibition was 70.77% for BHT, 66.35% for BHT, 62.11% for α-tocopherol and 61.86% for extraction. When we look at the results of ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity, we can say that all of them are close to each other and show very good activity. ABTS radical activities of plants and standards are listed as follows: BHT (%96,16) ≥ αtocopherol (%96,15) ≥ BHA (%96,04) ≥ L.peltata (%95,86) ≥ L.canescens (%95,50).

KEYWORDS

Lallementia canescens, Lallamentia peltata,Extract, Antioxidant Activity

Corresponding Author: AHMET SAVCI, a.savci@alparslan.edu.tr 1 MUŞ ALPARSLAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ, FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, 49100-MUŞ /TÜRKİYE 2 MUŞ ALPARSLAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TEMEL EĞİTİM BÖLÜMÜ, EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ, 49100-MUŞ /TÜRKİYE 3 BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, 13000-BİTLİS/TÜRKİYE 4 BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ, 13000-BİTLİS/TÜRKİYE

1019

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 940

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN 1

EMEL AKTAŞ , HILAL YILDIRAN

ABSTRACT Throughout the history of humanity, plants have been used for treating many diseases. This information, obtained through trial and error, has reached to day with some changes and developments in the manner of use throughout the ages. Recently, interest in antioxidant and antiinflammatory products and consumption of natural foods and nutritional bioactive components has been increasing steadily. Curcumin is found in turmeric spice which is a popular member of the ginger family. It gives the curry bright yellow color and is used as a herbal medicine in China and India for thousands of years. In humans, curcumin is known to be safe, but not toxic, and turmeric is classified as an additive in the E100 category. Curcumin has been reported to have various pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, anticarcinogenic and wound healing. However, it has radical scavenger, iron chelator and antiinflammatory properties in different tissues. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties are two important mechanisms underlying the majority of the pharmacological effects of curcumin.

KEYWORDS curcumin, antioxidant, antiinflammatory

Corresponding Author: EMEL AKTAŞ, emelaktas@karabuk.edu.tr 1 KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, BESLENME VE DİYETETİK ANABİLİM DALI 2 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, BESLENME VE DİYETETİK ANABİLİM DALI

1020

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 941

INVESTIGATION OF ANTIOXIDAN ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS OBTAINED FROM NEPETA TRANSCAUCASICA GROSSH. VE SCUTELLARIA ALBIDA L. SUBSP. CONDENSATA (RECH.F.) J.R.EDM. TAXA 2

ABSTRACT

TE D

AHMET SAVCI , YUSUF ALAN , MURAT KURŞAT , SIRAÇ TOPDEMİR

Lamiaceae family in Turkey is represented by 46 genera, 577 species and 755 taxa in total. In our work, plant material was collected in Bitlis province. The collected plant samples of Nepeta transcaucasica (Kaf pisikotu) and Scutellaria albida L. subsp. condensata (Kırk kaside) were dried and extracted with the soxhalat method. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts obtained were investigated. Antioxidant activities of plant extracts were examined using different in vitro methodologies such as total antioxidant activity by ferric thiocyanate, total reducing power by potassium ferricyanide reduction method, reduction capacity of cupric ions (Cu2+) by the Kuprak method, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH•) free radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Compared with the standard antioxidants BHA, BHT and α-tocopherol, reduction capacities for L.canescens and L. peltata plants are as follows; BHA > BHT > α-tokoferol > N. transcaucasica > S. albida subsp. condensata. According to the results of the study,% inhibition was 70.77% for BHT, 66.35% for BHT, 62.11% for α-tocopherol and 61.86% for extraction. When we look at the results of ABTS•+ radical scavenging activity, we can say that all of them are close to each other and show very good activity. ABTS radical activities of plants and standards are listed as follows: BHT (%96,16) ≥ α-tocopherol (%96,15) ≥ BHA (%96,04) ≥ S.albida subsp. condensata (%96,04) ≥ N. transcaucasica (%95,98).

KEYWORDS

Nepeta transcaucasica, Scutellaria albida L. subsp. condensata,Extract, Antioxidant activity

1021

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 943

THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF SOME SALVIA SPECIES FROM TURKEY 1

HATICE ÇAKIRCA , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , IŞIL AYDIN , MEHMET FIRAT , MEHMET BOĞA , SERKAN YIĞITKAN , 5 6 1 7 HASAN ŞAHIN , NESRIN HAŞIMI , FIRAT AYDIN , GÜLAÇTI TOPÇU

ABSTRACT The Salvia L. genus belongs to the subfamily Nepetoideae in Lamiaceae family. The genus consists of about 900 species. Many Salvia species are used as herbal tea and for food flavoring, as well as in cosmetic, perfumery and the pharmaceutical industries throughout World. Salvia species are generally known for their multiple pharmacological effects including their antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidative, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, antitumor and anticancer activities. Also, some studies showed that a part of these activities depended on their essential oil composition. The essential oils of four Salvia species were tested for antioxidant (β-Carotene-linoleic acid test system, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS cation radical decolorisation and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) activities in this study. Essential oil samples were obtained by a Clevenger apparatus from the whole parts of plants which were crumbled into small pieces and soaked in distilled water for 3 h. Then, these samples were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and stored at +4°C for a sufficient period of time. The antioxidant activities of essential oils of four Salvia species were found to be medium and low, generally. The essential oils of S. multicaulis and S. montbretii showed good activity (IC50: 436,632±36,32 and 374.753±34,97, respectively) with ABTS cation radical decolorisation method.

KEYWORDS Salvia multicaulis, Salvia pinnata, Salvia spinosa, Salvia montbretii, Essential Oil, Antioksidant

Corresponding Author: HATİCE ÇAKIRCA, haticecakirca@windowslive.com 1 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKİR, TURKEY 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY 3 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, VAN, TURKEY 4 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL TECHNOLOGY, DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY 5 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY 6 DEPARTMENT OF NUTRİTİON AND DİETETİCS, SCHOOL OF HEALTH, BATMAN UNİVERSİTY, 72060 BATMAN 7 İSTANBUL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, İSTANBUL, TURKEY

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Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 946

A HEALING HERB IN KARSNIYA…CINCAR 1

LALE SARIYE AKAN , YAHYA ÖZDOĞAN , RAHIME EVRA KARAKAYA

ABSTRACT Ardanuç is a district which had hosted rooted and rich civilizations. Karsniya village of Ardanuç is located in eastern of Black Sea, left slope of Çoruh valley where is founded neolithic age human evidence BC 10-8 thousand years. Excavations exposing metallic and especially various kitchen equipment demonstrate that prehistorical ages are lived respectively.Karsniya which is a high mountain village is not convenient for agriculture and farming. Not only vegetable, fruit and cereal production but also farming is made traditional procedures in Karsniya and the obtained products are not satisfactory. Vegetable requirement in Karsniya is obtained from herbs called greens.The main herbs that provides emerging a rich nutrition style and grows itself in nature are: cincar herb, flutter herb, gumi herb, crowbar, gelin parmagi, pampara and sorrel. The aim of this study is to present various herbs and declare benefits of cincar soup and its ingredients and making processes which is made of cincar herb which is believed to be healing. Cincar herb blooms in may- october, reachs 20-60 cm, is located in bottom of walls and roadsides and causes severe blushing and itching when leaves are exposed to skin. Herbs roots are dried up in spring and autumn, leaves are dried up in may and july, seeds are dried up in july and august by collecting. Even though the belief of herbs healing property is came across in Middle Europe, the women in Karsniya observed that touching this herbs heals skin wounds, boiling the herb’s water inhibits hair loss and consuming the herb cures stomach and intestinal diseases.As a conclusion it is detected that cincar herbs is used in various meals and especially cincar soup is believed to be a healing meal by village women. Recording making processes of cincar soup is considered to bring Turkish Culture richness by generalizing formation of it.

KEYWORDS Cincar soup, healing herb, kitchen culture, Karsniya

Corresponding Author: RAHİME EVRA KARAKAYA, recakir@ybu.edu.tr 1 ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1023

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 948

CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING FLAVONOIDS ON HUMAN COLON CANCER CELLS 1

SERDAR KARAKURT , ÇIĞDEM GÖKÇEK SARAÇ , SEVTAP KARAKURT

ABSTRACT Colon cancer is the third leading disease of death in the world. The resistance against drugs used in colon cancer treatment and elevated side effects of those drugs leads investigators to find new strategies. Up to now, about 500 different polyphenols have been isolated and reported in foods and beverages of plant origin. In this study, we focused on to investigate effects of quercetin (Q) and rutin (R) against human colon cancer cells. DLD1 cells and HT-29 cells were grown in Leibowitz’s L-15 medium and McCoy's 5a medium respectively supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 2 mM glutamine. Optimum cell number and growth time of cells were determined spectrophotometrically and effect of Q and R on the viability of DLD1 cells and HT-29 cells were determined with Alamar blue and IC50 values were calculated from the sigmoidal graph. The IC50 values of Q were calculated as 144 μM and 44 µM in DLD-1 and HT-29 cells, respectively. On the other hand, R was found less toxic on both cancer cells with IC50 of 213 μM and 552 μM for DLD1 cells and HT-29 cells, respectively. The data obtained from this study will supply valuable information about the usage of these flavonoids in the treatment of colon cancer since quercetin and rutin are found plenty amounts in vegetables and fruits.

KEYWORDS Colon Cancer, Cytotoxicity, Proliferation, Quercetin, Rutin.

Corresponding Author: SERDAR KARAKURT, kserdar1@yahoo.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, SELCUK UNİVERSİTY 2 DEPARTMENT OF BİOMEDİCAL ENGİNEERİNG, FACULTY OF ENGİNEERİNG, AKDENİZ UNİVERSİTY 3 FACULTY OF ENGİNEERİNG, CHEMİCAL ENGİNEERİNG DEPARTMENT, SELCUK UNİVERSİTY

1024

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 949

A CURE ALL ST.JOHN’S WORT 1

RAHIME EVRA KARAKAYA , LALE SARIYE AKAN , YAHYA ÖZDOĞAN

ABSTRACT St.John’s wort is a herb that grows by itself in nature and it is believed to be healing as its usage area varies progressively.The aim of this study is to specify St.John’s Wort’s properties, usage areas and side affects. This herb is also called as ‘kanotu, yaraotu, kılışotu, mayasılotu, binbirdelik otu’ among public and its flower and roots are used for benefit. St.John’s Wort includes tannin, volatile oils, flavon species (rutin, guercitin, guercitrin), hipericin (hypericin), hyperin (substance that gives colour to herb), caroten, bitter materials, rosin, pectin and colic, gum, vitamin c and resin as substances. This herb is usually consumed as tea or its oil is used externally. According to studies accomplished with this herb, quick recovery is observed with depression, lack of attention, bone diseases, irritabl bowel syndrome, wound healing, skin diseases and burn. It is reported that long term usage of this herb as treatment might cause unfavourable effects on health. This herb’s content and dosage may differ due to its vegetative region. Although St.John’s Wort is known with various benefits, in order to generalize its usage areas it is thought that more studies might be beneficial about its habitat, dosage level, duration and side effects.

KEYWORDS St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), health, herb

Corresponding Author: RAHİME EVRA KARAKAYA, recakir@ybu.edu.tr 1 ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1025

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 950

THE USE OF ESSENTIAL OILS AS ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES IN SEAFOOD 1

HATICE GÜNDÜZ , FATMA ÖZTÜRK , SEVIM HAMZAÇEBI , ASENA ÜNVER , M. DILCAN AKPINAR

ABSTRACT Seafood is a food product that is rapidly spoiled due to microbial activity during cold storage. This is an important issue both economically and in terms of human health. There are several methods in traditional and long-term conservation to prevent or delay the growth of pathogenic and spoiled microorganisms during the storage of seafood. In addition, the storage period can be extended by adding antimicrobial or antibacterial agent to seafood. These substances added to protect of foods can be synthetic or natural additives. Today, consumers are choosing to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals in order to increase the shelf life of foods. Essential oils, which offer an alternative to chemical use, are natural antimicrobials prolonged shelf-life of seafoods and can be used alone or in combination with other preservation methods. Volatile oils, also called essential oils, are obtained from plants or parts of these plants by distillation or pressing. It has been revealed by researchers that essential oils with antimicrobial and antiseptic properties are effective on microorganisms cause deterioration and poisoning in food. Phenolic compounds in volatile oils cause sensitization of the phospholipid layer in cell membranes and increase the permeability of this membrane. Thus, they inhibit microorganisms by causing intracellular components to leak out of the cell or to degrade enzyme systems. The composition, structure and functional groups of essential oils play an important role in the effectiveness of these antimicrobial activities. The oils of plants such as carnations, thyme, rosemary and sage are the most effective oils against microorganisms. Antimicrobial effects of thyme, oregono, lemon, rosemary, laurel, clove, orange and mandarin peel essential oils have been investigated in seafood. In this study, the use of essential oils as antimicrobial substances in seafood will be compiled.

KEYWORDS Essential oils, Seafood, Antimicrobial, Shelf life, Food additive

Corresponding Author: HATİCE GÜNDÜZ, hatice.gunduz1@ikc.edu.tr 1 İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 FATMA.OZTURK@İKC.EDU.TR

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Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 951

NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF LUPIN 1

BURCU DENIZ GÜNEŞ , HATICE BÖLÜKBAŞI , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK

ABSTRACT Legumes are important especially in regions where the economic status is not good due to the fact that it can be obtained more and cheaper. Lupin, which belongs to the Leguminosae (or Fabaceae) family, includes 450 Lupinus species. Only four species are cultivated; Lupinus albus (white lupin), Lupinus luteus (yellow lupin), Lupinus angustifolius (blue lupin, narrow-leafed lupin), and Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi, Andean lupin). Lupin is used as soy substitute, gluten free flour, emulsifier, a bread, biscuits, cakes, pasta and snack in the world. The lupine, which has 2-3 times more protein than grains, is also rich in vitamins and minerals such as calcium and iron. L. mutabilis is rich in complex oligosaccharides, fiber and omega 3 fatty acids. Lupin flour increase the nutritional quality and potential health benefits of bread by increasing protein, dietary fiber and carotenoid content, levels of the protein γ-conglutin. Consuming lupin compared to wheat bread and other baked products reduce chronic disease risk markers. Protein γ-conglutin improves glucose transport and elevates pancreatic insulin content. Lupin have positive effects on hyperglycemia and insulin release. Furthermore, treatment with lupin improved insulin resistance in subjects with glucose abnormalities. Lupin shows hypolipidemic effect in individuals who have diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, by decreasing in plasma total cholesterol, trigliserid, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C). Increased dietary fibre may have a favourable influence on blood pressure decrease. Lupin has also positive effects on the energy balance by suppressing appetite. Higher satiety and lower energy intake of Lupin affects appetite-regulating hormone called ghrelin. However; long term effects on energy intake and body weight in obese is not clear yet. Lupin and their products may effects on human body possitively. Therefore, they begin to offer in shops with other legume species. Consequently; increases in lupin products in the diet may have a beneficial role in chronic diseases, but additional data from human intervention studies are needed.

KEYWORDS hypercholesterolemia, insulin resistance, lupin

Corresponding Author: HATİCE BÖLÜKBAŞI, hatice_urf@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

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Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 952

EFFICIENCY OF A HERBAL LIQUID EXTRACT MIXTURE FOR PREVENTING OF SALMONELLA GROWTH IN WHIPPED CREAM 1

ÖZÜM ÖZOĞLU , EVRIM GÜNEŞ ALTUNTAŞ

ABSTRACT Pastry products with cream are commonly used in the food and confectionery industries1. Desserts and cakes containing milk or cream which are milk-based products are suitable media with high nutrient content for microbial growth1,2. Besides, pastry creams tend to contamination with several pathogenic microorganisms because of their ingredients and production methods like using raw cream1,2,3,4,5. Therefore; pastry cream is the main cause of food poisoning among humans1. Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic microorganisms in the pastry cream1,3,4. The most common recorded cause of diarrheal illnesses is Salmonella contamination in industrialized countries5. In addition to that, the Ministry of Health in Italy was reported that Salmonella was the most important reason of the outbreaks6. Salmonella is found in the environment such as water, soil, sewage and gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans,3,7. Meat, poultry, fish, egg, milk, dairy products, fruits and vegetables are transmission vector of Salmonella3,5,7,8,9,10. While Salmonella infection (Salmonellosis) is prevented with lots of different methods, including adding antimicrobial or antibiotic compounds8,9, last studies have been focused on using spice liquid extract for preventing Salmonella growth11,12,13,14,15. In this study, a herbal liquid extract mixture containing sorrel extract (Rumex acetosella), millfoil extract (Achillea millefolium), ribwort plantain extract (Plantago lanceolata) (ASATİM® ST 1412; recommended for milk-based product and whipped cream by company, Kayseri, Turkey) was used to exhibit the inhibitory effect on Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076 growth in whipped cream (prepared with milk as the company proposed). For this aim, 8 different groups were designed which were only pastry cream as K1, cream with Salmonella as K2, cream added herbal liquid extract mixture at 0.1%, 1% and 10% ratio as K3, K4, K5 respectively, cream added Salmonella and herbal liquid extract mixture of 0.1%, 1%, 10% to the samples were left 1 to 3 hour at room temperature. Then, these samples were inoculated to Plate Count Agar in two parallel for each group with regard to Dropping Plate Technique at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd hours. The inoculation amount of Salmonella was selected as 0.4 (O.D.600) which equal to 106cfu/ml. After inoculation, the plates were incubated at 37 ̊C for 24 hours and then colonies were counted. As a result of this study, number of the bacteria of K1 was calculated as 4x104cfu/g at the end of 1 hour and then 2 logarithmic unit increasing was observed and the colony number has reached to 1.7x107cfu/g, at the end of 3rd hour. This means that, whipped cream has microbial risk when it is waited in room temperature. The other remarkable result was observed in the sample containing 10% herbal liquid extract mixture and 106cfu/g Salmonella as well. The amount of bacteria was calculated as 3.8x104cfu/g, 2.68x105cfu/g and 1.3x105cfu/g at the end of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd hours respectively. Thus, it can be reported that 10% ratio of herbal liquid extract mixture in whipped cream has an inhibitory effect on the bacteria when the result compared with the control sample. The producing Corresponding Author: ÖZÜM ÖZOĞLU, ozum.ozoglu@gmail.com 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİYOTEKNOLOJİ ENSTİTÜSÜ

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company of the herbal liquid extract mixture proposes that the herbal liquid extract mixture should be added from 0.2% to 1% ratio to milk-based product and whipped cream. This approach is acceptable, so that in this study, high level of Salmonella was inoculated to the samples at the beginning which is an unusual situation. In conclusion, the study has shown that the herbal liquid extract mixture is an alternative and useful method for precluding Salmonella growth in whipped cream. REFERENCES 1. Sharifzadeh A, Hajsharifi-Shahreza M, Ghasemi-Dehkordi P. Evaluation of Microbial Contamination and Chemical Qualities of Cream-filled Pastries in Confectioneries of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province (Southwestern Iran). Osong Public Heal Res Perspect. 2016;7(6):346-350. doi:10.1016/j.phrp.2016.09.004. 2. Al M, Sancak YC, Akkaya L, Bol CEL. Baz › Sütlü Tatl › lar › n Mikrobiyolojik Kalitelerinin Belirlenmesi *. 2002;26:975-982. 3. Ray B. Fundamental Food.;2004 http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=zYPFZby2wtcC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA 1&amp;dq=Fundamental+Food+Microbiology&amp;ots=qvHkiBdUCb&amp;sig=WtdhhPDq1al7P_S _jcef1xLo9t8.. 4. Hamedan EF. Microbial Contamination of Pastry Cream : 2016;5(3):207-213. 5. Kotzekidou P. Microbiological examination of ready-to-eat foods and ready-to-bake frozen pastries from university canteens. Food Microbiol. 2013;34(2):337-343. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2013.01.005. 6. team EC for DP and C (ECDC)-HCU-E editorial. An outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis infection associated with iced cake. 1999. http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=75. Accessed March 26, 2017. 7. Mahmoud BSM. Salmonella - A Dangerous Foodborne Pathogen.; 2012. doi:10.5772/1308. 8. Paião FG, Arisitides LGA, Murate LS, Vilas-Bôas GT, Vilas-Boas LA, Shimokomaki M. Detection of Salmonella spp, Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium in naturally infected broiler chickens by a multiplex PCR-based assay. Brazilian J Microbiol. 2013;44(1):37-41. doi:10.1590/S1517-83822013005000002. 9. Kavaz Yüksel A, Yüksel M. Determination of Certain Microbiological Quality Characteristics of Ice Cream, Detection of Salmonella by Conventional and Immunomagnetic Separation Methods and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmınella spp. Isolates. J Food Saf. 2015;35:385-394. doi:10.1111/jfs.12186. 10. DG, Koopmans M, Verhoef L, et al. Food-borne diseases - The challenges of 20years ago still persist while new Newell ones continue to emerge. Int J Food Microbiol. 2010;139(SUPPL. 1):S3-S15. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.021. 11. Amrutha B, Sundar K, Shetty PH. Spice oil nanoemulsions: Potential natural inhibitors against pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. from fresh fruits and vegetables. LWT - Food Sci Technol. 2017;79:152-159. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.01.031. 12. Bernbom N, Ng YY, Paludan-Müller C, Gram L. Survival and growth of Salmonella and Vibrio in som-fak, a Thai low-salt garlic containing fermented fish product. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009;134(3):223-229. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.06.012. 13. Mahgoub SA, Ramadan MF, El-Zahar KM. Cold Pressed N igella sativa Oil Inhibits the Growth of Foodborne Pathogens and Improves the Quality of Domiati Cheese. J Food Saf. 2013;33(4):470-480. doi:10.1111/jfs.12078. 14. Perumalla AVS, Hettiarachchy NS. Green tea and grape seed extracts — Potential applications in food safety and quality. Food Res Int. 2011;44(4):827-839. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.01.022. 15. Sanchez C, Batlle R, Nerin C. Enhanced antimicrobial vapourphase effect of natural extracts in active packaging. Is total protection reached? http://i3a.unizar.es/datos/publicacion/enhanced-antimicrobial-vapour-phase-effect-of-natural-extractsin-active-packaging.-is-total-protection-reached.-20889?idioma=en. Published 2006. Accessed March 26, 2017.

KEYWORDS Salmonella, whipped cream, herbal liquid extract mixture

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Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 953

PROBIOTICS: THE EFFECTS ON GUT MICROBIOTA AND OBESITY 1

HATICE BÖLÜKBAŞI , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , YELIZ SERIN

ABSTRACT Pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms are in balance in healthy individuals. When this balance deteriorates, the barrier-building function of the mucosa deteriorates and inflammation begins. The changes in the microbiota increase the intestinal permeability and alter the functions of the brain, pancreas, liver, muscle and fat tissue. As the permeability increases, there is also an increase in the level of plasma lipopolysaccharides, which leads to rise in inflammatory cytokines. The risk of metabolic disease increase due to inflammation. In obese individuals with insulin resistance there is also an increase in the ratio of firmicutes / bacteroides on the basis of changes in the intestinal microbiota. Diet is one of the most important factors contributing to the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. It is accepted in the society to think of protecting and improving the healthiness of the foods other than providing the metabolic requirements. The use of probiotics is increasing by the determination of the importance of the microbiota. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization, probiotics are defined as ‘living microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer health benefits on the host’. Several different species of bacteria are used as probiotics. The most common species are Bifidobacterium (adolescentis, animalis, bifidum, breve and longum) or Lactobacillus (acidophilus, casei, fermentum, gasseri, johnsonii, paracasei, plantarum, rhamnosus and salivarius). Antimicrobial molecules produced by the probiotic inhibits growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids produced by probiotics are found to inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens as a result of lowering intestinal pH. Many Lactobacilli strains increase barrier function by increasing mucus layer and increase barrier function by preventing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Probiotic Lactobacillus strains enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier, decreased translocation of bacteria across the intestinal mucosa. The lowest amount needed for beneficial effects probiotic in humans remains is unknown. Generally the lowest proposed dose is 10 6-107cfu/mL ; suffıcient dose is 10 7-108cfu/mL. Probiotics may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity by enhance microbiota. Recently it is indicated that 8 to 12 weeks of probiotic supplementation may confer benefits such as decreased body weight, body mass index (BMI), as well as decreased body weight gain, fat accumulation, and prevention of insulin resistance. Anti-obesity effects of probiotics are the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, reduction of adipose cell size and inflammation in adipose tissue, and reduction of inflammation in the liver. Probiotics is also gaining wide attention because of increasing evidence of the role of gut microbiota.

KEYWORDS Probiotics, Gut Microbiota, Obesity Corresponding Author: HATİCE BÖLÜKBAŞI, hatice_urf@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1030

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 954

FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF LEGUMES 1

ZELIHA ÖNÇIRAK , MÜNIR ANIL

ABSTRACT For many years legumes have been regarded as high nutrients because of their high protein content and the many functional components they contain. In the world, 22% of plant proteins and 7% of carbohydrates in human nutrition are provided from the edible legumes. Legumes, which have very high nutritional values, are rich in basic amino acids such as lysine, threonine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and aspartic acid. At the same time the digestibility of legume proteins is between 70-94%, which is quite high. The fat content of legumes being generally low and often from polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (omega-6) increase nutritional value. The linoleic acid contained plays a role in regulating the physiology of reproduction and lactation, the cholesterol distributor in arteriosclerosis, the regulation of cardiovascular system, vision systems and mental activities, and the prevention of the formation of nitrosamines in nitrate-nitrite poisoning. In addition, soluble raffinos, which are carbohydrates found in legumes, are prebiotics that support the development of probiotics selectively and progressively to the colonic without digestion. These substances support the development of beneficial bacteria in the field, especially Bifidobacterium species. Since these carbohydrates can not be digested in the small intestine, they are fermented by colon microflora in the large intestine. The products of fermentation products are gas and short chain fatty acids. The resulting short chain fatty acids promote beneficial colon mucosal health and have beneficial physiological effects. Phenolic compounds, which are important compounds in legumes, also have important effects on human health. Of these compounds, especially isoflavones have biological properties, including broad-spectrum protection against hormones associated with certain types of cancer. Nutritional isoflavones are known to protect against the oxidation of LDL particles. At the same time, isoflavones have protective properties against osteoporosis by regulating calcium exchange on the cell membrane. It is known that isoflavones inhibit the development of many diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and chronic inflammation, which act as antioxidants besides these effects and inhibit free radical formation and accumulate in the organism. The most important nutritional factors in legumes are nutritional fibers in the organic structure that come from the colon without being digested. While nutritional fibersreduce sugar,lipid and cholesterol content in blood, it also shortens the duration of solid waste, allowing rapid release of toxic substances from the colon. Often monosaccharides and sugar acids (mannuronic, galacturonic, glucuronicand 4-o-methyl glucuronic acid) are the major compounds that form nutritional fibers. The nutritional fibers in legumes have many important physicochemical properties such as solubility, water and oil retention capacity, ion exchange capacity. It is known that the fiber in the legume plays a role in strengthening the colonic function and lowers the level of cholesterol in the high level fiber. Legumes are also protective against many diseases that can be overcome by using dietary treatments such as diverticular diseases, colon and rectal cancers, appendicitis, varicose veins and hemorrhoids, coronary heart diseases, gall stones and diabetes.The Corresponding Author: ZELİHA ÖNÇIRAK, oncirakzeliha94@gmail.com 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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physiological effects of nutritional fiber and the benefits of health are stated to be shortening transit time and increasing the amount of waste, binding bile acids, breaking up into short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine, increasing viscosity, slowing digestion and absorption. In addition, clinical trials have shown that postprandial blood sugar, insulin levels, lipid levels in blood serum are reduced, which is useful for the second type of diabetes. Therefore, withthedissemination of legumes consumed, society will be fed healthy and as a result, treatment expenditures and labor loss will be reduced and comfort periods in human life will be increased. For this purpose, it is necessary to increase the production of legumes and to expand the usage areas of the food industry.

KEYWORDS Legume, nutritional fiber, functional property, prebiotic

1032

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 957

THE ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICARSINOGENESIS EFFECT OF ROSEMARY 1

HATICE BÖLÜKBAŞI , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , YELIZ SERIN

ABSTRACT Antioxidants; have protective effects against the oxidation that occur during the preparation and consumption of foods and maintain product quality. The determination of the toxic effects of synthetic antioxidants on human health, the use of herbal products began to gain importance. It has been highlighted on the use of aromatic plants rosemary that has antioxidant activity due to essential fatty acids. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from the Laminacae (Labiatae) family is an important medicinal and aromatic plant species. The aromatic plant rosemary has been used for medicinal purposes due to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, chemoprotective and antiadipogenic affects. It is also known that rosemary extracts have antioxidant activity similar of synthetic antioxidants. The potent antioxidant properties more than 90% of rosemary have been mainly attributed to its major compounds; rosmanol, carnosol and carnosic acid. Rosemary extracts highest antioxidant properties are also due to the presence of phenolic diterpenes. Terpenes are recognized for various benefits expecially in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of cancer types. Rosemary extract is also modulate the alteration of signaling pathways and molecules directly related to tumor initiation and development. Rosmanol acts as a strong anti-inflammatory agent and inhibite tumor development. Carnosol may induce apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway; purified carnosol and carnosic acid are powerful inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in microsomal and liposomal systems. Carnosol and carnosic acid could contribute to the chemopreventive, antitumoral and antimetastatic activities of rosemary extracts . Oral administration of carnosol is well tolerated and mean intake is estimated to be between 500 and 1500 mg/ day of carnosol and carnosic acid for adults. Rosemary extract is a potential may be included in the anti-cancer diet. It is suggested that carnosic acid alone or with the anticancer drugs preferable as a good practise for the treatment of many typies of cancers that are resistant to chemotherapy.

KEYWORDS Antioxidant, Carnosol, Rosemary

Corresponding Author: HATİCE BÖLÜKBAŞI, hatice_urf@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

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Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 958

HEALTH EFFECTS OF NUTS 1

OSMAN BOZKURT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , BURCU DENİZ GÜNEŞ , GAMZE YURTTAŞ

ABSTRACT Nuts are on the diet of human beings since pre-agriculture times. The word "Nut" is rooted in the words "nutrient, nutriment, nutrition" which are also nutritional and nutritious. Today the most consumed nuts are almond, hazelnut, walnut and pistachio. Nuts are rich sources of saturated, unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA), vegetable protein, fibre, photosterols, polyphenols, vitamins and minerals. Nuts are also rich in vitamins and minerals such as niacin, B6, folic acid, magnesium, zinc, copper and potassium. The Adventist Health Study 1992 found that the consumption of nuts, reduced the risk of coronary heart diseases. With these study, the number of studies on the health effects of nuts has increased steadily. However, four points have to be noted regarding the consumption of nuts. They may lead to possible weight gain, increase fat tissue in the body, cause metabolic complications such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and allergic reactions. The idea that nuts have high energy content and that the consumption of these foods can cause obesity are the negative perception about nuts. However, studies have reported that consuming a certain amount of nuts within the diet helps body to lose weight. In one study, the participants who consumed nuts had lower BMI and waist circumference than those who did not consume or consumed less nuts. In addition, nuts play a role in the regulation of blood sugar because of its rich magnesium content. In one study, the prevalence of diabetes was found to be 25% lower in women consuming nuts more than 5 days a week than those who never consumed. In another study, a decrease in HbA1C levels was observed in those who consumed 28 g nuts 5 days a week for 12 weeks. In a different study, when a standard healthy diet was compared to a healthy diet enriched with walnuts, a healthy diet containing walnuts was found to lower serum cholesterol levels more than the other diet at the end of the study. Clinical and observational studies have demonstrated that the consumption of nuts reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has indicated that there is a significant effect of the consumption of nuts in reducing cardiovascular diseases risk. Moreover, the American Heart Association emphasized that nuts must be found in a healthy dietary within the context of 2020 health promotion and development. On the other hand, it is stated that excessive consumption of nuts may lead to atherosclerosis due to high fat content, an increase in the body weight and adipose tissue. In the last 20 years, with the increase in research on nuts, the importance of nuts has become even more pronounced. By means of this situation, the macro and micronutrients contained in the nuts are indispensable for nutrition. In addition, the relationship of nuts between mortality, cardiovascular diseases, serum lipid levels, diabetes have been studied and they were found to have positive effects on them in many studies. However, as with any nutrient, it must be consumed in the amounts specified in the diet on nuts. Therefore, it is recommended that nuts are consumed as much as the recommended daily amount 28 gr / day.

Corresponding Author: OSMAN BOZKURT, dytosmanbozkurt@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1034

KEYWORDS Nuts, nutrition, body weight

1035

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 959

CUPRIC REDUCING ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY (CUPRAC), DPPH FREE AND ABTS CATION RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACT FRACTIONS OF ENDEMIC SALVIA CERINO PRUINOSA VAR. ELAZIGENSIS 1

EVIN AYGÜN TUNCAY , LEYLA BALUR , MEHMET FIRAT , İSMAIL YENER , EYÜP TUNCAY , HILAL SARUHAN 3 1 4 2 FIDAN , ESRA YARIŞ , MEHMET BOĞA , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ

ABSTRACT The genus Salvia L. includes more than 900 species and is mostly found in both subtropical and temperate parts of the world; the two largest gen centers of the Salvia are in America and SouthWest Asia. In Turkey, endemism ratio of Salvia is 48 %, so Turkey is a major gen centre for the Salvia genus. This genus is named “Salvia”, derived from latin “Salveo”, which means to “save, to recover”. Salvia taxa is used in folk medicine from ancient times and find application in many commercial and medicinal products, particularly in essential or volatile oils and flavoring agents manufacture and is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries. 73 fractions were gained from ethanol extract from the aerial parts of S. cerino pruinosa var. elazigensis. And also 37 fractions were gained from the roots ethanol extract of this plant. According to the applied thin layer cromatography results, totally 12 fractions from ethanol extract of aerial parts and 11 fractions from the root extract by combining similar fractions. And also antioxidant activites were studied. In the DPPH free radical scavenging activity it was determined that 41-44,45-48 numbered fractions from the extract of S. cerino pruinosa var. elazigensis plant’s aerial part, showed higher activity than BHT and -TOC used as standarts. And also 17-18, 21-26 fractions gained from root of S. cerino pruinosa var. elazigensis extract, showed higher activity than BHT used as standart. In the ABTS cation radical scavenging activity, it was determinated that the 41-44, 45-48, 49-56, 61-64, 65-69 ve 70-73 fragments which -TOC compounds used as standarts. When looked at the result of CUPRAC-Copper(II) reduction capacity, aerial parts ethanol extract’s 41-45 numbered fractions showed higher copper(II) reduction capacity than the standarts was determined. According to the activitiy results generally the aerial parts activities was higher than the root fractions activities was shown. Acknowledgements: The research was funded by grant : KBAG 114Z801 from TUBITAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.

KEYWORDS Corresponding Author: LEYLA BALUR, l_balur@hotmail.com 1 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY 2 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, VAN, TURKEY 3 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİATRY, DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY 4 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL TECHNOLOGY, DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY

1036

Salvia cerino pruinosa var. elazigensis, Ethanol extract, DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC

1037

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 960

DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF INULA HELENIUM ROOTS AND COTINUS COGGYGRIA LEAVES 1

NEVIM ÇALIŞKAN , ÖNDER AYBASTIER

ABSTRACT Inula helenium L. (Family: Asteraceae) is a widely occurring perennial herb in East Asia particularly China, North American and Europe. The roots of I. helenium are used as versatile medicine against fever, lung disorders, bronchitis, indigestion, chronic enterogastritis, and infectious diseases. Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Family: Anacardiaceae) is a shrub or a tree usually growing up to 5 m. It grows mainly in South and Central Europe, South Russia, Crimea, Caucasia, Latakia and Turkey. The leaves of this species have been used in Balkan and Anatolian folk medicine as antipyretic, antiseptic, antihemorrhagic, treatment of diarrhoea and wound healing. The leaves and young branches from naturally growing trees are utilized in producing an essential oil with terpenic odour. The composition and antimicrobial activity of C. coggygria oils have been reported in different studies. Antioxidants are substances that have the ability to delay, remove, or prevent the oxidation processes occurring to other compounds. The measurement of the antioxidant capacity of plants has become very important for researchers because it may provides information about resistance to oxidation, quantitative contribution of natural antioxidant substances. Natural antioxidants are substances that may protect human cells against the effects of produced free radicals. Free radicals can damage cells, and may play a role in heart disease, cancer, and other diseases. Therefore, the antioxidant compounds may play an important role in the prevention of certain diseases. The extracts of the plants were obtained in methanolic, acidic methanolic and ethanolic, acidic ethanolic media using ultrasonicassisted extraction. The total phenolic contents of extracts were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and also total antioxidant capacities of extracts were determined by ABTS and CHROMAC methods. Phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids were analyzed in the extracts using highperformance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The chlorogenic acid, ferrulic acid in Inula helenium roots and myricetin, rutin, quercetin in Cotinus coggygria leaves were determined. According to the results of these assays the extracts were showed to have good antioxidant properties.

KEYWORDS Inula helenium, Cotinus coggygria, antioxidant, phenolic compounds, HPLC

Corresponding Author: ÖNDER AYBASTIER, aybastier@uludag.edu.tr 1 ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1038

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 961

BOTANIC ORIGIN AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF THE PROPOLIS FROM REFAHIYE (ERZINCAN) AS NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS İLGINÇ KIZILPINAR TEMİZER

ABSTRACT Propolis is a resinous, sticky gum and used by bee as versatile material. In addition, biological properties of propolis are potential for the improvement of new drugs and nutritional supplements. Pollen analysis, antioxidant activities, total phenol and total flavonoid contents were studied at the first time propolis sample from Refahiye (Erzincan). Mellisopalynological analysis was made according to the relevant literature and botanic origin of sample, mainly from the Fabaceae (38.4%), Asteraceae (20.2%) and Fagaceae (11.2%) families. The antioxidant capacity of propolis extract was assessed by the hyrdogen peroxide scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), metal-chelating activity (%), total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The values were found as 25.86 µg/mL, 72.25%, 52.15 µg/mL, 41.51%, 3163.85 mg GAE/100g and 118.59 mg CAE/100g, respectively. For comparison of these results, Buthylated Hydroxy Anisole (BHA), Buthylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and α-Tocopherol (TOC) were used as standard antioxidant compounds. The high activity of propolis could be related with their different pollen composition. It could be beneficial for human health.

KEYWORDS Antioxidant capacity, health, pollen, propolis, Refahiye(Erzincan)

Corresponding Author: İLGİNÇ KIZILPINAR TEMİZER, ilginc.kizilpinar@giresun.edu.tr 1 GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1039

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 962

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BUCKWHEAT POLLEN OF KONYA REGION 1

SEVGI KOLAYLI , OKTAY YILDIZ , ZEHRA CAN , MERYEM KARA

ABSTRACT Pollens are male reproductive organs of flowering plants and are accepted as a food balanced with proteins, sucrose, vitamins and minerals. Pollen is an essential nutrient for raising brood after honeybee larvas and also for improving tissues, muscles, secretary glands and other organs sufficiently during youth. Buckwheat is a species of wheat produced commonly in countries such as North America, China, Europe, Poland, Holland and Russia and is not much well-known in Turkey. Buckwheat, which started to be produced recently in our country in Konya plain as a pilot area, gives a yield twice per year. Buckwheat, an important source of protein for the celiac patients, its honey and pollen are also valuable products. In this study total phenolic content, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and some phenolic compounds of the buckwheat pollens obtained from Konya region were investigated. Phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC-UV. In a study performed on three different pollens, the average total phenolic content, the average total flavonoid and total antioxidant capacity were determined as 762 mg gallic acid /100 g fresh pollen, 75 mg quercetin/100 g fresh pollen and 490 mikromol Trolox/100 g, respectively. It was found out that pollens were rich in catechin, coumaric acid, ferulic acid and cinnamic acid.

KEYWORDS Buckwheat pollen, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity

Corresponding Author: MERYEM KARA, meryemkaram72@gmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN FAKÜLTESİ, KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ 2 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MAÇKA MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU 3 GİRESUN UNİVERSİTY, ŞEBİNKARAHİSAR TECHNİCAL SCİENCES VOCATİONAL HİGH SCHOOL 4 SELÇUK UNİVERSİTY, ÇUMRA VOCATİONAL HİGH SCHOOL, KONYA

1040

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 963

THE IMPORTANCE OF CARNATION (SZYGIUM AROMATICUM) AND CASTOR OIL (RICINUS COMMUNIS L.) 1

SEVIM HAMZAÇEBI , FATMA ÖZTÜRK , HATICE GÜNDÜZ

ABSTRACT Throughout history, people have used plants as the most important food ingredient. However, healing plants have been evaluated for the treatment of diseases in all parts of the world and in all cultures. In ancient cultures, the use of herbal plants and herbal medicines continues to be preserved by being transmitted to them. Herbal treatments, which are among the alternative treatments and have very effective results, are increasing in our country as well as in the whole world. All plants present in the world are used for herbal medicines according to their contents and structures. Therapeutic features in any disease have been discovered and are known to be herbal plants are proven. Carnation and castor oil are also used by people for healing. Clove is one of the most used and useful plants with its strong aroma and strong smell. Carnation oil obtained from carnation is extremely rich in terms of phosphorus, sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrochloric acid, iron and vitamin C. It is good for complaints such as indigestion, nausea, stinging, earache, cough, sputum, bronchitis, sinusitis, asthma, colds in the treatment of infections of the throat and gums, wounds, cuts, mushrooms, rashes, insects and infections. With the blooming of Indian flower seeds, Indian oil is obtained, which is a colorless, slightly yellowish, clear and dark oil. It acts on small intestines to relieve constipation. Avoids hair and eyelash pouring, especially in the hair curler is very useful. Antiseptic properties help fight infections. It has excellent antioxidant properties that allow the body to fight harmful free radicals. Anti-inflammatory properties help relieve inflammation in various parts of the body. Carnations and castor oil, which are very important for human health, are also used as an anesthetic agent for fish in the aquaculture sector worldwide. The use of these oils as an anesthetic increases the use of vegetable sources.

KEYWORDS Carnation oil, castor oil, herbal treatment, medicinal herbs, anesthetic

Corresponding Author: SEVİM HAMZAÇEBİ, sevimhamzacebi@gmail.com 1 İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1041

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 964

POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE CONSUMPTION ON ENERGY BALANCE, WEIGHT CONTROL AND TYPE 2 DIABETES 1

OSMAN BOZKURT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK

ABSTRACT Obesity is an important public health problem throughout the world and its prevalence is 30.3% in Turkey. There are two important ways to prevent obesity. These are to reduce energy intake or to increase energy expenditure. The aim of this review is to examine the mechanisms of action of caffeine on energy balance and the possible effects on obesity. The thermogenic effect of the catecholamines from extracts of some plants is present. From catecholamines whose effects on energy balance are indicated, caffeine; especially in tea and coffee varieties, capsaicin; red pepper and chili pepper, ephedrine from ephedra is contained. Recently, it has been reported that approximately 80% of the world's population consumes products containing caffeine. The effects of caffeine on the energy mechanism are through the sympathetic nervous system. Even if the amount of caffeine taken in the body is small, it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Fat oxidation and thermogenesis in the control of the stimulated sympathetic nervous system are effective on the basal metabolic rate (BMR), increasing energy expenditure for a certain period of time. Caffeine that may stimulate thermogenesis and fat oxidation through inhibition of phosphodiesterase, an enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP and through the antagonism of the negative modulatory effect of adenosine on the increased noradrenaline release. Studies have also reported that caffeine increases thermogenesis, as well as the effect of reducing nutrient intake. It was also observed that the intake of caffeine between 200-300 mg increased the metabolic rate between 2% and 12%. It has been reported that regular consumption of coffee has been studied in epidemiological studies and animal models that prevent weight gain and increase glucose tolerance and is particularly effective in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms that create these potentially beneficial effects are not fully explained. In a study conducted in obese individuals, it was observed that the patients that were given caffeine and ephedrine combination lost more body weight and fat than the ones just given placebo and only ephedrine. On the other hand, it is known that excessive caffeine intake results in dehydration, insomnia, hypercalciuria and hypertension. The European Food Safety Association (EFSA) recommends up to 400 mg of daily caffeine intake and a single dose of 200 mg of caffeine do not raise safety concerns for adults. As a result, it can be said that a moderate caffeine intake (daily <400 mg) is beneficial in the prevention of obesity and in the maintenance of health, such as fat oxidation, thermogenic effect and increased glucose tolerance in the body.

KEYWORDS Caffeine, Energy expenditure, Thermogenesis Corresponding Author: OSMAN BOZKURT, dytosmanbozkurt@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1042

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 965

IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF SALVIA KURDICA FROM ANATOLIA 1

HILAL SARUHAN FIDAN , LEYLA BALUR , ESRA YARIŞ , SEVGI İRTEGÜN , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , MEHMET 4 5 6 FIRAT , UFUK KOLAK , GÜLAÇTI TOPÇU

ABSTRACT Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) species consists of about 900 species distributed throughout the world. In Turkey, this genus is represented by 100 species, 53 (53%) of which are endemic. The genus is named “Salvia”, derived from latin “Salveo”, means “save, or recover”. Many of Salvia species are named “adaçayı” in Anatolia, Turkey, and used as herbal tea due to their antiseptic, stimulant, diuretic and wound healing properties. Salvia species are generally known for their several pharmacological effects including antibacterial, antituberculous, antiviral, cytotoxic and cardiovascular activities. In this study, the cytotoxic activity of chloroform and ethanol extracts of Salvia kurdica was determined by MTT method. In this study, human-derived cancer cell series and the Primary Dermal Fibroblasts series were used. For this purpose, the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), the colon cancer series (HT-29) and the Primary Dermal Fibroblast Series (PDF) were provided. Preliminary work has been done to optimize the number of cells to be placed in the plates for each cell series. 22,000 for MCF-7, 20,000 for HT-29, 12,000 cells for PDF were placed in a 96-well plate and the cells were allowed to sit for 24 hours at 37 ° C and 5% CO2 in a humid environment to adhere to the plate. After 24 hours, the cells were treated with prepared extracts at 10 [mu] of different concentrations for 48 and 72 hours. After 48 and 72 hours of treatment, the cells were incubated with 10 [mu] l MTT solutions for 4 hours. After incubation, a dark blue colored formazan was formed. After adding 100μl solubilization buffer to the cells and incubating overnight at 37 ºC in 5% CO 2 humidified atmosphere, the absorbance of formazan at 570 and 690 nm was measured with a plate reader. Measurements at 690 nm were used as reference absorbances. Ethanol and chloroform extracts of S. Kurdica showed cytotoxic effect only at high concentrations against HT29 and MCF7 cell series was determinated. But it was determinated that the extracts in these high consentrations showed cytotoxic effect on healthy fibroblast cell series. Acknowledgements: The research was funded by grant : KBAG 114Z801 from TUBITAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.

KEYWORDS Salvia kurdica, MTT, MCF7, HT29 Corresponding Author: LEYLA BALUR, l_balur@hotmail.com 1 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKIR 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR 3 DEPARTMENT OF MEDİCAL BİOLOGY, FACULTY OF MEDİCİNE, DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, DİYARBAKIR 4 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, VAN 5 İSTANBUL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, İSTANBUL 6 DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMİSTRY, BEZMİALEM VAKİF UNİVERSİTY, İSTANBUL, TURKEY

1043

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 967

THE POSSIBLE FUNGAL PATHOGENS LIMITING BASIL PRODUCTION 1

GÜLSÜM PALACIOĞLU , GÖKSEL ÖZER , HARUN BAYRAKTAR

ABSTRACT Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), belonging to the family of Lamiaceae is an important medicinal and aromatic plant. It is used as a raw material in the food and perfumery industry and in the control of a wide range of plant disease with antimicrobial effect as well as used as a spice. There are many significant plant pathogens that cause yield and quality losses in the basil growing areas in the world. However, there is little information on the biology and control methods of these disease agents. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. basilicum is the most destructive disease in the basil growing areas worldwide. Also, gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), root rot (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), mildew (Peronospora belbahrii), leaf spot (Colletotrichum spp., Cercospora ocimicola) are common fungal pathogens, restricting basil production. This study provided the detailed information on symptoms, morphology and disease management of especially, Fusarium wilt and the other pathogens that may cause problems in basil production of Turkey.

KEYWORDS Basil, plant diseases, fungal pathogens, Fusarium wilt

Corresponding Author: GÜLSÜM PALACIOĞLU, gpalacioglu@ankara.edu.tr 1 DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTİON, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE, ANKARA UNİVERSİTY, ANKARA 2 DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTİON, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE AND NATURAL SCİENCES, ABANT İZZET BAYSAL UNİVERSİTY, BOLU

1044

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 968

ESSENTIAL OIL CONSTITUENTS OF THE LEAVES AND FRUIT OF MALABAILA DASYANTHA (K. KOCH) GROSSH. FROM TURKEY: A TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL HERB 1

ŞÜKRÜ HAYTA , GÜLDEN DOĞAN , EYÜP BAĞCI

ABSTRACT Members of Apiaceae usually possess a characteristic pungent or aromatic smell which is due to the occurrence of essential oil or oleoresin in their different organs. Therefore, volatile oils of Apiaceae plants have a wide application in aromatherapy. The essential oil composition of the leaves and fruit of Malabaila dasyantha (K. Koch) Grossh. collected from natural habitats in Tunceli (Turkey) were determined by hydrodistillation in 0.7% (weight/weight) yields. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 25 compounds have been identified constituting 96.7% in fruit and 97.8% in leaves of the essential oils of the taxon. The predominant compounds were spathulenol (22.5%), palmitic acid (17.6%), stearic acid (10.5%) and oleic acid (9.8%) in the oils from the fruit. The main constituents in leaves of the essential oils of the taxon were found as germacrene D (34.8%), Iso spathulenol (11.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (9.8%). Quantitative and qualitative variations were determined in the essential oil composition of different parts of the studied plant. In the present study, the chemical essential oil composition of the leaves and fruit of Malabaila dasyantha is determined and examined to indicate the source of particular essential oils for flavour, fragrance and other potential usefulness.

KEYWORDS essential oils, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Malabaila dasyantha

Corresponding Author: ŞÜKRÜ HAYTA, sukruhayta@hotmail.com 1 BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1045

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 969

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN PLANTS AND NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO PLANT DISEASES 1

SERKAN ŞEN , MERVE ŞEN , SEFA ÇELİK

ABSTRACT In eucaryotic cell, the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is the major organelle in the synthesis of proteins and in the modifications after synthesis. As a result of physiological events such as cell differentiation or adaptation to certain environmental conditions, protein production capacity increases in the ER organelle. If this condition becomes chronic, the balance between the rates of production and folding of proteins in the ER organelle deteriorates and a so-called ER stress presentation emerges. Since viruses that infect plant cells induce plant cells to produce hyperactive proteins in an abnormal manner, consequences that lead to ER stress are encountered in such circumstances. For instance, it was found that the transcription factor basic-region leucine zipper 60 (bZIP60) protein, which is one of the ER stress markers in plants, was expressed when Potato Virus X (PVX) was infected with tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plant. Similarly, it was found that Bip3 (Heat Shock Protein 70-Hsp70) and bZIP60 proteins as ER stress indicators were expressed together when the same plant was infected with Garlic virus X (GarVX). The fact that the silencing of the genes of ER stress markers resulting from the viral infections in plants using siRNA enables physiological changes that allow plants to tolerate the viral attack by restricting the virus infection is included in the literature data. Since ER stress plays a key role in virus replication and pathogenesis in plant cells in this regard, ER stressmediated signaling pathways in the development of broad-spectrum potent antiviral therapeutic agents emerges as the target pathways for new generation antiviral treatments.

KEYWORDS ER stress, Antiviral therapy

Corresponding Author: SERKAN ŞEN, serkansen@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ATATURK SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU 2 MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FETHİYE SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU 3 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TIBBİ BİYOKİMYA A.D.

1046

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 970

THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF POMEGRANATE PEEL, APPLE PEEL AND ARTICHOKE LEAF EXTRACT 1

FATMA ÖZTÜRK , HATICE GÜNDÜZ , SEVIM HAMZAÇEBI , GÖKNUR SÜRENGIL , ASENA ÜNVER , M. DILCAN 1 AKPINAR

ABSTRACT Introduction Synthetic antimicrobial agents are widely used to prevent the development of pathogenic bacteria in foods, but concerns about the safety of these chemicals are increasing from day to day. Because of the resistance of these microorganisms to these chemicals, fruits, vegetables, spices, plants or their extracts have begun to be used in the preservation of raw or unprocessed foods, pharmaceuticals, alternative medicine and natural therapies. Therapeutic use of plants is as old as human history and there are many plant species that are used as traditional medicines. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of pomegranate peel extract, apple peel extract and artichoke leaf extract against food pathogens by disk diffusion method. Material and method Preparation of the extract The pomegranate peel, apple peel and artichoke leaves used in the study were dried in drying oven at 50 oC. The dried samples were triturated in a blender. 20 gr sample was weighed and placed in 100 ml of solvent (80% ethanol). It was kept in a shaking water bath for 6 hours at 50 oC. Then the filtration was done with filter paper. 100 ml (80%) of solvent were added on it again and this process was repeated 4 times. After the final filtration phase, the ethanol in obtained solution was evaporated using a rotary evaporator. Preparation of bacterial inoculums The stock cultures of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157: H7, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritis and Staphylococcus aureus that are in liquid form were stored at -20 ± 2 oC on glycerol containing (20%; v/v). For the experiments, 100 μL of stock cultures were transferred to 10 mL TSB medium, and the bacteria were activated by incubation at 30 oC for 24 hours. The activated bacterial cultures were transferred to centrifuge tubes that each of them is 10 mL, and after centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes, bacteria inoculums to be used in experiments were prepared by adding 0.85% physiological saline on obtained pellet part and by being adjusted the cell densities according to 0.5 MacFarland (108 CFU / mL) haze. Disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer method) 24 hour cultures of L. monocytogenes, E. coli, E. coli O157: H7, B. cereus, S. enteritis and S. aureus strains were made into the standard density of 0.5 McFarland by diluting with sterile physiological saline. 0.1 ml of bacteria from the bacterial inoculums prepared in this way was planted in petri dishes containing MHA according to the spreading plate method. 25 μl (0.25%, 0.50%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% concentrations) of plant extracts were soaked into sterile empty discs placed in petri dishes in which planting was made. The Petri dishes in which planting was made were left to the incubation process at 30 oC for 24 hours. After the incubation, the zone diameters composed were measured and thier antibacterial activities were determined. Conclusion While, different concentrations of pomegranate peel extract have antibacterial effect against L. monocytogenes, E. coli, E. coli O157: H7, B. cereus, S. enteritis and S. aureus only 7.5% and % 10 concentrations of apple peel extract and artichoke leaf extract have antibacterial effects on the B. cereus, E. coli, S. aureus. Antibacterial properties of apple Corresponding Author: HATİCE GÜNDÜZ, hatice.gunduz1@ikc.edu.tr 1 İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1047

peel and artichoke leaf extracts were found to be lower than pomegranate peel extract. It was also found that the antibacterial activity increased as the extract concentration increased.

KEYWORDS The Antimicrobial Effect of Pomegranate Peel, Apple Peel and Artichoke Leaf Extract

1048

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 971

MUSHROOMS OF NATURE 1

ÖYKÜ PEREN TÜRK , YAHYA ÖZDOĞAN , LALE SARİYE AKAN

ABSTRACT Natural mushrooms have been known with its nutritional and medical properties in many cultures by people for many years. Different types of mushrooms are considered as functional foods because of their effectiveness in preventing and treating many diseases. The aim of this research is to examine the benefits of mushroom species that grow in the nature spontaneously for the community. Edible mushrooms contain variable bioactive components with high level of protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals. Mushrooms are used medically as well as consumed as food. The medical effects of mushrooms have been stated as immunomodulatory, cardiovascular protective, detoxifying, antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic. At the same time, natural mushrooms which are collected by local people in Turkey, is a cultural interest for the individuals. Our country has a rich macrofungus flora. It is expressed that “mor, kanlıca (çıntar), tellice, ebe, kavak, kuzugöbeği, bolet, kıtış (karnıkara), dobalan, doru, kayışkan” etc. mushrooms are collected in Ankara at Kızılcahamam, Elmadağ, Çubuk, Işık Mountain, Çamlıdere Plateau regions by the public. For example the mushroom named “kuzugöbeği” has a place in most important mushroom species both in our country and in the world in terms of its nutritional and economic value. Collected natural mushrooms can be used for commercial purposes and also it is a demand as food. In Turkish culinary culture, it is prepared and consumed in various ways like roasting and drying. It is thought that exports of the natural edible mushrooms may be increased further with the incentives and arrangements which can be made. For contrubition to country economy and nutrition of the individuals, ways for identification and best usage of edible mushroom species should be found.

KEYWORDS mushroom, gathering, culture, nutrient, economy

Corresponding Author: ÖYKÜ PEREN TÜRK, oturk@ybu.edu.tr 1 ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1049

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 973

COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL TWO MEDICINAL PLANTS (EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS DEHNH. AND VIBIRNUM OPULUS L. ) 1

GÜLDEN DOĞAN , EMEL AKBABA , ÖMER KILIÇ

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus is one of the world’s important and most widely planted species belongs to the family Myrtaceae. Several species of Eucalyptus are used in folk medicine as an antiseptic and against infections of the upper respiratory tract, such as cold, influenza and sinus congestion. The essential oil of Eucalyptus species showed a wide spectrum of antimicrobial, antifungal, anticandidal, antibacterial, expectorant and cough stimulant activity. In this study, the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves and fruits of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and aerial parts of Vibirnum opulus L. grown in Mersin (Turkey) were analyzed by using GC and GC/MS techniques. The yields of essential oils were 1.2% in leaf and 1.0% (v/w) in fruit of E. camaldulensis and identified representing 93.8% and 99.0% of the total oils, respectively. The major constituents of leaves were p-cymene (42.1%), eucalyptol (1,8-terpinol (10.7%), and in fruit were -terpinol (15.1%). Our results showed that eucalyptol (1,8 cineole) (34.5%), pboth oils has rich in terms of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes. Viburnum opulus is from Adoxaceae family and it is reported that has anticancer, antiaging and antioxidant activity. This species used for renal stone reduction. The yields of essential oil of V. opulus was 0.5% pinene (27.2%) and butanoic acid (15.8%) were the main compounds identified in the oil of Vibirnum opulus.

KEYWORDS Eucalyptus, Vibirnum, Essential Oil, Turkey

Corresponding Author: GÜLDEN DOĞAN, gdogan@firat.edu.tr 1 FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAK. BİYOLOJİ BÖL./ELAZIĞ 2 BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİRESİ TEKNİK BİLİMLER MYO/ PEYZAJ VE SÜS BİTKİLERİ PROGRAMI

1050

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 974

ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF ANACYCLUS CLAVATUS (DESF.) PERS. (ASTERACEAE) FROM TURKEY 1

M. YAVUZ PAKSOY , EYÜP BAGCI , SÜKRÜ HAYTA , AZİZE DEMİRPOLAT

ABSTRACT Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers is a medicinal plant, belonging to the Asteraceae family. This plant used as food, in various treatments and applications. Anacyclus clavatus can be used in many ethnopharmacological applications, equally against upset stomach and treat gastric ulser. The essential oil of the aerial parts of this plant was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yields of A. clavatus were determined as 0.3(v/w). Twenty six constituents were identified and comprised 85.3 percentage of the total essential oil from A. clavatus. Palmitic (27.0 %), linoleic acid (14.5%), 2-pentadecanone (6.6%) were determined as main compounds. The medicinal importance of the plant and essential oil composition were discussed in the genera patterns.

KEYWORDS Anacyclus clavatus, Essential oil, Palmitic acid, Linoleic acid

Corresponding Author: M. YAVUZ PAKSOY, mypaksoy@gmail.com 1 MUNZUR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1051

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 975

MACRO ALGAE: HEALTHY FROM SEA 1

SEVIM HAMZAÇEBI , M. DILCAN AKPINAR , ASENA ÜNVER , FATMA ÖZTÜRK , HATICE GÜNDÜZ

ABSTRACT Algae, called seaweed, is one of the important living resources of the sea. These aquatic creatures of plant origin are evaluated in many industrial areas such as food, phycolloid, agriculture, pharmacy, medicine and energy because of their rich contents. According to the size of the algae are divided into two as micro algae and macro algae. Micro algae are in microscopic size and macro algae are in sizes ranging from 1 - 2 cm to 40 - 50 m. Far East and South Asian countries, as well as naturally collected, cultures are made, and seas are planted like black lands. Algae include bromine, iodine, organic acids, monosaccharides, polysaccharides, agar, alginic acid, sterols, proteins and vitamins. Algae was first used as color material in the cosmetics industry and in the Roman empire during the time of Virjil and Heros. Macro algae is one of the foods that should be consumed on a daily basis because it contains the nutrients needed by the human body. The use of macroalgae as an additive, and even in medicine, is increasing. Compounds that are responsible for antibiotic activity are commonly found in macroalgae. The most important of these are; Halogenated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenoids, hydroquinones and Ketones. Minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium are also preferred in thalassotherapy centers due to trace elements and vitamins such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese. Macro-algae agar gels are also used in various products such as perfumed underarm creams, sun creams and dermatological creams containing zinc oxide or penicillin. It has also been noted that alginates used in creams have a feeling of freshness and relaxation due to the rapid evaporation effect on the skin. In soaps and shaving foams, sodium alginate is used as a lubricant, to impart an oily property to foam-free shaving creams, and to provide foaming continuity in foams. In medicine and cosmetics industry, carrageenans are also frequently used because of their fluid properties. They are used as stabilizers in shampoos, hair balms to protect foam in shaving foams and soaps, and as absorption enhancers in products such as facial masks. Carrageenic subdermal deodorants prevent the development of bacteria responsible for their relative degradation and ultimately leading to unwanted sweat odors. In this study, the use of macroalgae in areas such as health and cosmetics will be compiled.

KEYWORDS Macro algae, algae, health, cosmetics, seaweed

Corresponding Author: SEVİM HAMZAÇEBİ, sevimhamzacebi@gmail.com 1 İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1052

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 976

EFFECTS OF OREGANO (ORIGANUM SYRIACUM) ESSENTIAL OIL ADDITION ON THE SHELF LIFE EXTENTION OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS, WALBAUM, 1972) FILLETS 1

AYŞE ÖZYILMAZ , ABDULLAH ÖKSÜZ , GÜLSÜN AKDEMİR EVRENDİLEK

ABSTRACT Effects of oregano essential oil (Origanum syriacum) at the concentrations of 0 (control), 5, 20 -day of storage were measured by the means of chemical, microbological and sensory analyses. At the beginning of -N value of 18.9 mg TVB-N/100 g reached to 39 mg TVB-N /100 g in control group (A), 33 mg TVBN-N /100 g in group B (treatment with 5µL/g), and 38.9 mg TVBN-N /100 g in group C (treatment with 20µL/g ) and 43.1 mg TVBN-N /100 g in group D (treatment with 35µL/g ) when fillets were rejected by panelists. The spoilage of fillets was fastest both in control group and group B, while the spoilage of group C was slower than group B during storage. Sensory evaluation was taken as the most important criteria for the determination of shelf-life. The results have shown that oregano essential oil extended shelf-life of rainbow trouts fillets. It was found out that the higher concentration of oregano essentialoil (35µL/g) provided the longer shelf-life of fillets up to 11 days at 20C compare to other treatments.

KEYWORDS Fish fillet, essential oil, oregano (Origanum syriacum), rainbow trout (Onchorhynhus mykiss), shelf-life

Corresponding Author: AYŞE ÖZYILMAZ, aylaayse@gmail.com 1 1ISKENDERUN TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF MARİNE SCİENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, İSKENDERUN- HATAY 2 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1053

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 978

ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF LALLEMANTIA PELTATA (L.) FISCH. ET MEY. (LAMIACEAE) FROM TURKEY 1

SUKRU HAYTA , EYÜP BAGCI , M.YAVUZ PAKSOY , GULDEN DOGAN

ABSTRACT The genus Lallemantia is represented by three taxons in the Flora of Turkey. Lallemantia peltata (L.) Fisch. et Mey. is a widely used plant and has antifungal and antibacterial activities, colloborating the traditional therapeutic uses, it can be used in the therapy of infectious diseases as well as an antimicrobial additive in foods. The essential oil composition of Lallemantia peltata obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oil yields of L. peltata were determined as 0.2 (v/w) in aerial part. 13 constituents were identified and comprised 94.7% of the total essential oil. GermacreneD (26.1 %), caryophyllene oxide (14.3%), 1H-Siklopro[e]azulen-7-ol (13.0%) and 2- pentadecanone (9.1 %) were determined as main compounds of L. peltata. The results has shown that the parts of the plant and essential oil may be used as source of natural product.

KEYWORDS Lallemantia peltata, Essential oil, Germacrene-D, Caryophyllene oxide

Corresponding Author: SUKRU HAYTA, sukruhayta@hotmail.com 1 BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 MUNZUR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1054

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 982

DATE PALM AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT 1

SERKAN ASLAN , NEVIN ŞANLIER

ABSTRACT Date palm has an important place in many ways in history of humanity. Several components of date palm have positive effect on health. Date palm specifically involves components that have antioxidant effects. This review aims to show date palm’s antioxidant components and conditions that effect these components. Along with various phenolic compounds such as; p-coumaric, ferulic and synaptic acids, date palm provides its antioxidant feature from carotene, flavanoid, procyanidin and anthocyanin. Besides, date palm involves lutein, betacarotene, neoxanthin and as the largest phytochemical, carotenoid. Date palm is rich in selenium which is an antioxidant mineral. However, there are several apprehensions about date palm’s rich selenium amount (average 0.31 mg/100g) is close to daily toxic level (0.85 mg). Date palm’s antioxidant content is influenced by many factors. Dehumidification process affects date palm’s antioxidant components. During dehumidification, carotenoid loss is detected when dried and fresh date palms’ carotenoid levels are compared. Again, there are considerable amount of total polyphenol loss in dried date palm. Storage conditions are affecting date palm’s antioxidant ingredient as well. Increase in total phenolics and flavonoids is being occurred when date palm stored in +4°C. Eventually, storage in refrigerator for a long time (until six months) may be recommended in order to gain more antioxidant value from date palm. As a result date palm is an important antioxidant source thanks to various antioxidant compounds that it is containing. Consumption of 100 g of date palm (approximately 6-7 pieces) provides 80400 μmol/100 g antioxidant and it compensates 50-100% of fiber and 11-15% of an adult’s daily energy requirement. Contained antioxidant components may vary due to storage conditions and whether date palm is dried or fresh.

KEYWORDS date palm, antioxidant, nutrition

Corresponding Author: SERKAN ASLAN, serkanaslan43@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1055

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 983

NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF EDIBLE MUSHROOMS 1

TUĞBA TATAR , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , MERVE PEHLİVAN

ABSTRACT Mushrooms and other fungi are special because of being neither plant nor animal. They have been position in a place of their own, called Myceteae. In the world, there are more than 2000 species of mushrooms. But less than 25 species are widely accepted as food. Mushrooms have a great nutritional value since they are quite rich in protein, with an important content of essential amino acids and fiber, and poor in fat. Edible mushrooms also provide a nutritionally significant content of vitamins (B1, B2, B12, C, D and E). The crude protein content of edible mushrooms varies ranges from 15% to 35% of dry weight. The protein quality of mushrooms is higher compared to most plant proteins. The proteins of mushrooms are relatively rich in threonine, valine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine but are poor in methionine and cysteine. Mushrooms' carbohydrate content ranges from 35% to 70% of dry weight. Mushrooms' carbohydrates include oligosaccharides such as trehalose and cell wall polysaccharides such as chitin, β-glucans and mannans. Because of these cell wall components including non-digestible carbohydrates, mushrooms are also rich in dietary fiber. High fiber intake is recommended for constipation. Fiber supplements containing ear mushrooms which have the highest dietary fiber improves constipation related symptoms without serious side effects in patients with functional constipation. The polysaccharides in mushrooms’ composition have immunomodulatory characteristics such as the improvement of lymphocyte proliferation, antitumorpromoting activities and antibody production. Mushrooms show antitumor activity due to their β-glucan content. β-glucan content also demonstrates a hypoglycemic effect. They perform it via a direct interaction with insulin receptors on target tissues. Mushrooms influence LDL and HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, homocysteine and blood pressure that are generally accepted biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. When fat composition of mushrooms is examined, trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids which increase serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein ratio are not detected. Dietary fibers of mushrooms also contribute this effect. In conclusion edible mushrooms have beneficial effects on health with its rich nutrient and fibre composition. Also edible mushrooms are called as functional foods because of their beneficial effects.

KEYWORDS Mushrooms, Health Benefits, Nutritional Composition

Corresponding Author: TUĞBA TATAR, dyt.tugba@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1056

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 985

THE USE OF STEVIA POWDER (STEVIA REBAUDIANA) AS A SWEETING IN TURKİSH DELİGHT PRODUCTION 1

İLYAS ÇELİK , HÜSEYIN DOĞAN BOZKURT

ABSTRACT One of the most fundamental objectives of the food industry is to guide efforts to meet conscious consumer demands. Food industry workers are aiming at lowering the amount of sugar in the diet (due to diabetes, obesity, chronic illnesses, etc.) in parallel with general tendency. In this study, the sweetener for this problem was aimed at the production of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) (sugar plant, sugar candy) plant which is 250-300 times more sugar than normal sugar and which is traditionally produced and used in the production of Turkish delight, which does not increase the level of glucose . According to the results of the research, the sensory control of Turkish delight containing 0.03% stevia powder was found to differ from the Turkish delight in terms of taste and general taste. It can be said that the obtained values are higher than the average, and that the use of stevia powder in the production of Turkish delight is positive. When the color parameter was examined, samples of stevia dusted with the lightest color were obtained. In terms of tackiness values; There was a significant difference between control and Turkish delight samples in stevia Turkish delight samples (p <0.05).

KEYWORDS Sweetener, Stevia, Turkish Delight, Diabetes

Corresponding Author: İLYAS ÇELİK, ilyasc@pau.edu.tr 1 PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1057

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 986

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF LAUROCERAUSUS OFFICINALIS ROEMER (CHERRY LAUREL) FRUIT EXTRACTS BASED NANOFLOWER WITH IN VITRO AMOEBICIDAL AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY 1

AYŞE BALDEMIR , ÜLKÜ KARAMAN , SADI YUSUFBEYOĞLU , AYŞE EKEN , NILAY ILDIZ , CEMIL ÇOLAK , GAMZE 2 1 ŞAHIN , İSMAIL ÖÇSOY

ABSTRACT The pathogenic Acanthamoeba often causes Acanthamoeba keratitis, which is an opportunistic protozoan infection, related with soft contact lens wear. If not treated quickly, it is a type of infection that can result in corneal ulceration, visual loss or even blindness. While there are many chemotherapy options available in the treatment of Acanthamoeba infections, they are tough treatments and have limited efficacy [1-3]. Hydrogen peroxide is a commonly used contact lens disinfectant and is effective against Acanthamoeba. However, it is toxic to the cornea and must be rapidly neutralized before the lens wears to avoid corneal damage. The single-stage hydrogen peroxide systems applied for the rapid neutralization have very few cysticidal effects [4]. For these reasons, new, more efficacious treatments are required for Acanthamoeba infections. Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. (Cherry laurel) belongs to the Rosaceae family and is a popular fruit, commonly distributed in the coasts of the Black Sea region of Turkey and is locally called "Taflan", "Laz kirazı" or "Karayemis". Besides its use for food, in Turkey both fruit and seeds of cherry laurel are have been used for many years for the treatment of stomach ulcers, digestive system complaints, bronchitis, skin diseases (especially eczemas) and haemorrhoids [5]. In particular, there is information about the use of seeds against parasites in this region. In previous studies it was determined that the fruits were rich in phenolic components [6,7]. In present study, the effects on the proliferation Acanthamoeba castellani of methanol extracts prepared from endocarp, mesocarp and seeds of the cherry laurel fruit and nanoflowers (NFs) structures which is synthesized from these extracts were investigated [8]. Thus, for the first time, novel organic-inorganic nanobio-antiparasitic agents called NFs were produced and the increase in the amoebicidal activity of the NFs was elucidated. The NFs were characterized with several techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). In addition, the catalytic activity of fruit extracts and the NFs were measured against guaiacol in the presence of the H2O2. The viability test of Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts for amoebicidal activity was performed using 4% trypan blue. Methanol extracts and NFs were prepared at concentrations of 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 and 1 mg / mL in 0.9% saline and distributed in 200 μl of tubes. 200 μl added to 98% viable A. castellanii cysts (20X106 parasite/mL) were incubated at room temperature. In the statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman and Conover tests were used to analyze significant differences between the mean values. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. As a result, NFs synthesized from fruit extracts were demonstrated about 5 times more effective than extracts alone for Ameobicidal activity. This can be explained as an increase in the amobisidal activity of a new nanoCorresponding Author: AYŞE BALDEMİR, aysebaldemir@gmail.com 1 ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1058

bio-antiparasitic agent known as nanoflower. References [1] Marciano-Cabral F, Cabral G (2003) Acanthamoeba spp. as agents of disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Rev 16:273–307 [2] Ertabaklar, H., Dayanır, V., Apaydın, P., Ertuğ, S., & Walochnık, J. (2009). Olgu Sunumu: Acanthamoeba Keratiti. Türkiye Parazitol Derg, 33, 283-285. [3] Tepe, B., Malatyali, E., Degerli, S., & Berk, S. (2012). In vitro amoebicidal activities of Teucrium polium and T. chamaedrys on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts. Parasitology Research, 110(5), 1773-1778. [4] Hughes, R., Andrew, P. W., & Kilvington, S. (2003). Enhanced killing of Acanthamoeba cysts with a plant peroxidasehydrogen peroxide-halide antimicrobial system. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(5), 2563-2567. [5] Baytop T (1999). Therapy with medicinal plants in Turkey (past and present), 1st ed.; Istanbul University: Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 178-249. [6] Karahalil, F. Y., & Şahin, H. (2011). Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) sampled from Trabzon region, Turkey. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(72), 16293-16299. [7] Kolayli, S., Küçük, M., Duran, C., Candan, F., & Dinçer, B. (2003). Chemical and antioxidant properties of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.(cherry laurel) fruit grown in the Black Sea region. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 51(25), 7489-7494. [8] Ge, J., Lei, J., Zare, R. N. Protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers. Nature nanotechnology, 7(7), 428-432, 2012.

KEYWORDS Laurocerasus officinalis; Acanthamoeba castellanii; Nanoflower; Catalytic activity; Amoebicidal activity

1059

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 987

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF CALENDULA OFFICINALIS CALLUS EXTRACT 1

BURCU ÇETIN , FATIH KALYONCU , BETÜL KURTULUŞ

ABSTRACT The use of Calendula officinalis Linn. (Asteraceae) preparations for, topical application, is widespread both in dermatology and in cosmetics and one of the relevant pharmacological activities for this use is the anti-inflammatory one. It grows in the forests of India, China, Central Europe, and some tropical areas. Plant tissue culture techniques enable the production of plant tissue or cells in sterile environments under controlled conditions. By one of these methods, callus cultures, pharmacologically active molecules could be produced at the desired amount and constant quality at any time in laboratory conditions. This technique is an alternative method for obtaining the raw material source required for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of C. officinalis callus derived from cotyledon explants were determined. The seeds were immersed in 70% ethyl alcohol for 3 min, followed by surface sterilization with 0.5% NaOCl solution for 5 min and rinsed with sterile double-distilled water. Later on, they were germinated in jars containing 30 mL MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium without plant growth regulators. Cotyledons excised from in vitro germinated seedlings were used as explants. They were transferred on MS medium suplemented with benzil amino purine (BAP; 2 mg/l), α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA; 2 mg/l) for callus studies. The cultures were maintained on the same media compositions and sub-cultured at an interval of four weeks. Callus cultures were harvested at the end of the 16th week. Callus were dried at 40̊ C in the dark for antimicrobial studies. Calendula officinalis callus extracts were tested for their antibacterial activities by using agar well diffusion method. Ethanol and chloroform extracts from these callus were assayed against nine bacteria species (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6896, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, and Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341). The test antibiotics penicillin G, novobiocin, amphicillin, chloramphenicol and erythromycin were used for comparison. Calendula officinalis seeds were germinated without any plant growth regulator on MS medium in one week. Callus formation was observed at the end of the 5th week on cotyledon explants. The extracts were prepared from 16-weeks-old callus. C. officinalis callus extracts showed 38 mm inhibition zone against S. aureus, and chloroform extracts showed 32 mm inhibition zone against B. cereus. These results are very close to the test antibiotics used and C. officinalis was found more effective on gram positive bacteria.

KEYWORDS Corresponding Author: BURCU ÇETİN, burcu.cetin@dpu.edu.tr 1 DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 CELAL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Calendula officinalis; Callus; Antibacterial activity; BAP, NAA

1061

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 991

SOME ECOLOGICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, USAGE AREAS AND DISTRIBUTION OF JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS VAR. SAXATILIS PALL. IN ERZURUM 1

MEHMET ÖNAL , TURGAY DINDAROĞLU , ZÜHAL GÜVENALP , SEFA GÖZCÜ , HAFIZE YUCA

ABSTRACT Juniperus communis var. saxatilis Pall. is a species belonging to the Oxycedrus section in the Juniperoideae subfamily of the Cupressaceae family. This species is 1-7 m high and is an evergreen shrub in winter. It is grown in Bursa, Bolu, Kastamonu, Amasya, Sivas, Gümüşhane, Rize, İzmir, Kayseri, Tunceli, Bitlis and Denizli in Turkey. This study was carried out to determine some ecological and phytochemical characteristics of this species with usage area and some data of inventory in Erzurum province. In addition, the in vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay of methanol extract of fruits of J. communis var. saxatilis plant was also evaluated in our study. Enzyme inhibition activity of fruit extract was investigated using α-glucosidase enzyme obtained from Saccaharomyces cerevisiae and p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside as substrate. The results are compared according to the Acorbose. This species has been identified in the study area between 20002600 m elevations and spreads to about 4635 hectares. The species is mixed with pure or other tree and shrub species on the north, north-east and north-west slopes. It is a tolerant plant. It grows in light and semi-shaded environments. It grows well in coarse textured, well-aired and quickly warming soil. It can grow up slightly acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline soil. Methanol extract showed enzyme inhibition at 90% (IC50: 0.0525 mg / ml) at 1000 μg / mL concentration; the standard substance Acorbose showed enzyme inhibition of 26.10% (IC50: 4.5629 mg / ml) at the same concentration. In previous phytochemical studies, flavonoids, polyprenols and monoterpenic hydrocarbons were isolated from different parts of J. communis var. saxatilis This species has been reported to have abortus potential as well as anti-infertility, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-diabetic activities. It is known that the fruits of the plant are effective in rheumatic diseases and gout diseases in addition to the urine-boosting, sweating use among the people. Various organs used in medicine and cosmetic industry is as skin diseases, worm-reducing, stimulant, antiseptic, sedative, antispasmodic. They also provide a place for nutrition and welfare for wildlife. It is also a preferred plant species in landscape arrangements.

KEYWORDS Juniperus communis var. saxatilis Pall., Inventory, Soil, Ecology, α-glucosidase inhibition

Corresponding Author: MEHMET ÖNAL, mehmetonal@ogm.gov.tr 1 ERZURUM ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜİMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ ORMAN MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ 3 ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ FARMAKOGNOZİ BÖLÜMÜ 4 ERZİNCAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ FARMAKOGNOZİ BÖLÜMÜ

1062

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 992

GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ZIZIPHUS JUJUBA FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC MUCOSAL HEMORHAGIC LESIONS IN RATS 1

MEHMET RAMAZAN BOZHÜYÜK , MUSTAFA CAN GÜLER , AYHAN TANYELİ , ERDEM TOKTAY , ERSEN 2 ERASLAN

ABSTRACT Purpose: Gastric ulcer is a common worldwide disease. The most common causes of gastric ulcer are the consumption of alcohol, Helicobacter pylori, and the use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Excessive alcohol consumption usually increases the risk of gastric mucosal damage. Thus, the experimental model of ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats is generally used to investigate alcohol-induced gastric ulcer in humans and the main compounds involved in the antiulcer activity. The underlying mechanisms of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer have not been fully identified. In this study, it was aimed to investigate gastroprotective effects of extract of Ziziphus jujuba fruit (Jujube), on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer by histopathological method. Method: In this study, 32 Wistar albino female rats weighing 257±4.3 gr were used and 4 groups were formed (n=8). Nothing was applied to the control group. Purified water, 4ml/kg and 8ml/kg jujuba extract were respectively administered intragastrically for 10 days in the groups treated with ethanol and jujuba extract. On 11th day, 5 ml/kg ethanol was administered intragastrically to the rats and they were sacrificed after 90 minutes. The gastric tissues were obtained. Macroscopic imaging was first performed and then they were stored in 10% formalin until histological studies to be performed. Findings: Histopathological evaluation was performed by comparing the mucosal images of the control group. In evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, there was no degradation in the gastric tissue in the control group. In the group with ulcer, it was observed that there were degenerative changes in the surface epithelial cells and dilated gastric pit and gland structures and neutrophil infiltration. In the group treated with 4 ml/kg jujuba extract, it was seen that there were the partial irregularities in the gastric pits and the decrease in neutrophil infiltration. In the group treated with 8 ml/kg jujuba extract, it was seen that the gastric pits were regular, the mucosa generally appeared like that of the control group and there was the significant reduction in neutrophil infiltration and the number of necrotic cells. In immunohistochemical evaluation of nuclear factor ƙappa B (NFƙB) and caspase-3 immunopositivity, the group with ulcer had higher immunopositivity compared to the control group. Moreover, it was seen that the groups treated with jujuba extract had lower immunopositivity due to its dosage dependent effect compared to the group with ulcer. In order to better understand the histopathological evaluation, histopathological damage was scored as - (none), + (little damage), ++ (medium damage) and +++ (severe damage) according to the regularity of the Corresponding Author: MEHMET RAMAZAN BOZHÜYÜK, mrbozhuyuk@gmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF HORTİCULTURE, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE, ATATURK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM 2 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSİOLOGY, FACULTY OF MEDİCİNE, ATATURK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM 3 DEPARTMENT OF HİSTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY, FACULTY OF MEDİCİNE, ATATÜRK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM

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gastric mucosa, the depth of the mucosal injury, and the presence of hemorrhage and necrotic cells. Result: Jujube extract showed gastroprotective effects on ethanol-induced gastric damage in a dosedependent manner.

KEYWORDS Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), Gastroprotective effect, Ethanol-induced gastric ulcer

1064

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 993

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ESSENTIAL OIL COMPONENTS OF CULTIVATED (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L.) AND WILD (CORIANDRUM TORDYLIUM (FENZL)) CORIANDER SPECIES 1

TAHSIN KARADOĞAN , ARIF ARIF ŞANLI , HASAN ÖZÇELİK , BEKIR TOSUN , MERVE KURŞUNATAN

ABSTRACT Essential oil content and composition of cultivated (Coriandrum sativum L.) and wild (Coriandrum tordylium (Fenzl)) coriander species were compared in this study. The essential oils of the herb and fruits extracted by hydro-distillation in a clevenger apparatus and the essential oils analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Essential oil yield of C. sativum and C. tordylium were 0.36% and 0.21% in the herbs and 0.65% and 0.35% in the fruits respectively, based on v/w. The herb oils of C. sativum and C. tordylium contained 32 and 51 compounds where the major compounds of C. sativum are cis-dec-2-enal (21.33%), anethole (14.88%), linalool (14.36%) and ndecanal (12.04%) and C. tordylium were cis-dec-2-enal (21.33%), epoxylinalol (12.32%), capric acid (8.72%) and 2-decenoic acid (7.78%). A total of 42 and 29 components were identified in the fruit oils of C. sativum and C. tordylium, respectively. Main constituents of the fruit oils were respectively linalool (56.29%) (69.25%), α-pinene (9.96%) (5.92%), geranyl acetate (9.62%) (4.81%) and γterpinene (2.19%) (7.61%). Essential oil compositions of both species varied qualitatively and quantitatively. Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by TUBİTAK (Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, grant number: 113O284)

KEYWORDS Coriandrum sativum L., Coriandrum tordylium (Fenzl), essential oil composition

Corresponding Author: ARİF ARİF ŞANLI, arifsanli@sdu.edu.tr 1 SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1065

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 995

CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF THE QUERCETIN AND RUTIN IN 5-FLUOROURACIL-INDUCED CARDIOTOXICITY IN THE RATS 1

EMIN ŞENGÜL , VOLKAN GELEN , SEMIN GEDIKLI

ABSTRACT Introduction and aim: 5-Floruracil (5-FU) is widely used in the solid tumors such as lung, breast and gastrointestinal cancers. 5-FU causes cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. In this study, in the 5-FU-induced cardiotoxicity has aimed investigations of the cardioprotective effects of Quercetin (Q) and Rutin (RU) Method: In this study, 50 piece male Sprague Dawley rats (250±25 g) were used. Rats were divided randomly into eight group, which there was 10 rats in each group. The group control was given intragastric (ig) corn oil (1 ml) for 14 days. The group 5-FU rats were given ig corn oil for 14 days and eleventh day injected intraperitoneal (ip) a single dose (50 mg/kg) of 5-FU. Group Q50+5FU and Q100+5-FU were given ig 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg Q for 14 days, respectively. These groups were injected 5-FU (50 mg/kg) single dose on the 11th days of Q application. The group Q100 was given Q (100 mg/kg-i.g) for 14 days. Group RU50+5-FU and RU100+5-FU were given ig 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses of the RU for 14 days, respectively. Also, these groups were injected the single dose of 5-FU (50 mg/kg) in the 11th days of RU application. The group RU100 was given RU (100 mg/kg-i.g) for 14 days. In the end experimental applications, the blood sample were collected from anesthetized rats and rats were scarified. Sera were separated by centrifugation and utilized for the evaluation of various cardiac marker enzymes (CK, CK-MB, AST, ALT, LDH, cTnI). The cardiac tissues used for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The data were analyzed by Tukey test in the one-way ANOVA. Results: When data are showed compared among groups that in the MDA level was significantly higher in the 5-FU group than control group and decreased significantly RU100+5FU and Q100+5-FU groups. SOD and GSH levels were markedly decreased in the 5-FU group compared with control, RU100+5-FU and Q100+5-FU groups. AST, CK, CK-MB, ALT, Troponin I and LDH levels were significantly increased in the 5-FU group when compared to other groups. In the histopathological examination of cardiac tissue was determined that in the 5-FU group had markedly degenerated cells and cardiac myofibril. Intensity of β-MHC positivity was higher in the 5-FU group sections compared to the control, RU100+5-FU and Q100+5-FU groups sections. Conclusion: In the present study was determined that especially high doses of the Q and RU have protective effects on 5FU-induced cardiotoxicity.

KEYWORDS 5-FU, Cardiotoxicity, Quercetin, Rutin, Rat

Corresponding Author: EMİN ŞENGÜL, emin.sengul@atauni.edu.tr 1 ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ 2 KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ

1066

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 996

THE EFFECT OF STORAGE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF 3 DIFFERENT GROUND POPPY SEED FATS 1

BESIM MADEN , SEDA YALÇIN

ABSTRACT The poppy seed is a traditional product in Afyon. There are there type poppy seed. These are white poppy seed, yellow poppy seed and gray poppy seed. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of storage at 15-20⁰ C for several times (0, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days) on some properties of 3 different poppy seed fats. In this study, fats were obtained from white poppy seed (TMO1), yellow poppy seed (TMO2) and gray poppy seed (Afyon-95). Then free fatty acid amount (%), peroxide value (meq O2/g) and iodide number of these fats were analyzed. Free fatty acid amount, peroxide value and iodide number at these fats were increased with increasing of storage time, but this increase was little. The results of 3 different poppy seed fat were found as similar. It was concluded that three different poppy seed fats were stabile for long times at 15-20⁰ C. It was investigated the effects of storage on L*, a*, b* color values of three types of poppy seed fats and total phenolic contents of these fats were determined. The fat contents of three types of poppy seeds were found as 53.85 % (white poppy seed), 49.85% (yellow poppy seed) and 49.17 % (gray poppy seed). L* and b* color values of white poppy fat and gray poppy seed fat were decreased when storage time was increased, while a* color values of those were increased. L*and a* color values of yellow poppy seed fats were increased when storage time was increased, whereas b* color value of that was decreased.

KEYWORDS fat, phenolic, poppy seed, storage, stability

Corresponding Author: BESİM MADEN, b.maden@hotmail.com 1 AFYON MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, GIDA TEKNOLOJİSİ PROGRAMI, AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, AFYONKARAHİSAR, TÜRKİYE

1067

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 999

EFFECT OF ACCELERATED SOLVENT EXTRACTION (ASE) SYSTEM TEMPERATURE ON THE AMOUNT OF PHENOLIC ACIDS IN THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CHAMOMILE (MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA L.) 1

TIMUR TONGUR , SERPIL KILIÇ , TANER ERKAYMAZ , MURAT KILIÇ

ABSTRACT Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is one of the prefered hot beverage as herbal tea. The aim of this study was to determine effective methanolic extraction temperature of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) for phenolic acids by using accelarated solvent extraction (ASE). In the study a commercial chamomile tea was used as a testing material. Detection of phenolic acids were done with LC-ESI-MS/MS. The study was performed at 5 different temperatures; 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 80°C and 100°C. 1.0 g chamomile tea sample and 1.5 g diatomaceous earth weighed to the 10 ml ASE extraction cell. Extraction time was 25 minutes for one sample. Nitrojen flow was used for drying extract. Hydrolysis step were implemented to dried samples. Phenolic content of hydrolysed chamomile samples were determined with LC-ESI-MS/MS. Caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, isorhamnetin, luteolin, syringic acid, and apigenin were analysed in the study. For chromatographic separation Hypersil Gold 50 mm x 2.1 mm x 1.9μm C18 column was used with gradient flow. Analysis time was for 8 minutes for one sample. LC-MS/MS method was found to be selective, linear (r2>0.99) and precise for all of interested phenolic compounds. The results showed that phenolic compounds were sensitive to temperature. The methanolic extract which obtained at 40°C had a highest phenolic acid values comparing to other temperatures. The extraction yield was better at 40°C for methanolic ASE extract.

KEYWORDS Chamomile, Phenolic Compounds, Accelerated Solvent Extraction, LC-MS/MS

Corresponding Author: TİMUR TONGUR, timurtongur@akdeniz.edu.tr 1 AKDENİZ ÜNİV. GIDA GÜVENLİĞİ VE TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMALAR MERKEZİ

1068

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 1002

GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PERSIMMON (DIOSPYROS KAKI L.) AGAINST ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN RATS 1

MUSTAFA CAN GÜLER , MEHMET RAMAZAN BOZHÜYÜK , AYHAN TANYELİ , ERSEN ERASLAN , ERDEM 3 TOKTAY

ABSTRACT Aim: Gastric ulcers are a major problem worldwide with no effective treatment. Ulcer is caused by an imbalance between two factors: aggressive factors in the lumen (physical, chemical or psychological) and protective mechanisms. Aggressive factors include acid, pepsin, Helicobacter pylori, stress, alcohol, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Protective mechanisms include mucus, bicarbonate, prostaglandin, blood flow, antioxidant system, nitric oxide, and cell proliferation. Current treatments are not always effective. They also have side effects and are expensive. Therefore, the protective effect of herbal medicines is important. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is widely used in the treatment of various diseases. Previous studies have shown that Diospyros kaki L. has anti-oxidant activity. Our study aimed to investigate gastroprotective effects of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer by histopathological method. Method: In our study, 32 Wistar albino male rats weighing between 250-300 gr were used. We formed 4 groups each containing 8 rats. Group 1 was the control group and was placed on a normal diet. Group 2 was the ethanol group and purified water was administered by oral gavage for 10 days. Low dose (4 ml/kg) and high dose (8 ml/kg) persimmon extract were administered by oral gavage for 10 days in Group 3 and 4, respectively. In our study, we used Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) harvested in the ninth month in Mersin Province, Turkey. At the end of the 10th day, ethanol (absolute ethanol 99%, 5mL/kg) was administered by oral gavage in order to produce gastric ulcer in Group 2, 3 and 4. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period (90 min). The gastric tissues obtained from animals were investigated by histopathological methods. Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results; Histopathological evaluation was performed based on the gastric mucosa. Accordingly; In the control group, it was seen that the gastric pits were regular and the mucosal cells were in normal size and shape. In the group with ulcer, it was seen that the gastric pits lost their normal appearance. However, it was remarkable that the mucosal cells were necrotized in both the superficial and deep layers of the mucosa and there was an increase in the number of lymphocytes. In the group treated with low dose (4 ml/kg) persimmon extract, it was seen that the gastric pits were regular and the surface mucosal cells had hypertrophic changes. In the group treated with high dose (8 ml/kg) persimmon extract, it was seen that the gastric pits were regular and the mucosa was generally similar to that of the control group. In order to better understand the histopathological evaluation, histopathological damage was scored as - (none), + (little damage), ++ (medium damage) and +++ (severe damage) according to the regularity of the gastric mucosa, the depth of the mucosal injury, and Corresponding Author: MUSTAFA CAN GÜLER, mcanguler@yahoo.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSİOLOGY, FACULTY OF MEDİCİNE, ATATÜRK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM 2 DEPARTMENT OF HORTİCULTURE, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE, ATATÜRK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM 3 DEPARTMENT OF HİSTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY, FACULTY OF MEDİCİNE, ATATÜRK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM

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the presence of hemorrhage and necrotic cells. The results of immunohistochemical evaluation In order to better understand the results of immunohistochemical evaluation, NF-Ć&#x2122;B and caspase-3 immunopositivity was scored as - (none), + (little damage), ++ (medium damage) and +++ (severe damage). In immunohistochemical staining performed with NF-Ć&#x2122;B and Caspase-3 antibody, while the group with ulcer showed severe immunopositivity, the control group, the group treated with low dose persimmon extract and the group treated with high dose persimmon extract showed mild immunopositivity. Conclusions: It has been shown that persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) may have protective roles against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) can be considered as a new potential natural method in gastric ulcer treatment. This study was supported by AtatĂźrk University SRP (Project no: 2016/051).

KEYWORDS Gastric ulcer, Diospyros kaki L., Gastroprotective effect, Histopathological evaluation

1070

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 1003

GASTROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF PYRUS COMMUNIS AGAINST ETHANOL-INDUCED GASTRIC MUCOSAL HEMORRHAGIC LESIONS IN RATS 1

ERSEN ERASLAN , AYHAN TANYELİ , MEHMET RAMAZAN BOZHÜYÜK , MUSTAFA CAN GÜLER , ERDEM 3 TOKTAY

ABSTRACT Aim: Gastric ulcer is one of the most common diseases in the world and is a global problem. Excessive alcohol consumption usually increases the risk of gastric mucosal damage. Herbal medicines are used in the prevention of many diseases. In this study, an extract of pear fruit which belongs to the Rosaceae family was used. Pear extract contains a large number of flavonoids, acids and antioxidants. In this study, gastroprotective effects of pear extract on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats were investigated by histopathological methods. Method: In the study, 4 groups were created by using 32 male wistar albino rats (n=8). Nothing was applied to the control group. Purified water, 4ml/kg and 8ml/kg pear extract were respectively administered intragastrically for 10 days in the groups with ulcer and treated with pear extract. On 11th day, 5 ml/kg ethanol was administered intragastrically to the rats and they were sacrificed after 90 minutes. The gastric tissues were obtained. Macroscopic imaging was first performed and then they were stored in 10% formalin until histological studies to be performed. Results: Histopathological evaluation was performed based on the gastric mucosa. In evaluation of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, there was no degradation in the gastric tissue in the control group. It was clearly seen that gastric pits lost their normal appearance in the group with ulcer. However, it was remarkable that mucosal cells were necrotized in both the superficial and deep layers of the mucosa and there was an increase in the number of lymphocytes. In the group treated with 4 ml/kg pear extract, it was seen that there were the partial irregularities in the gastric pits and the necrotic cells on the mucosal surface. In the group treated with 8 ml/kg pear extract, it was seen that the gastric pits were regular, the mucosa generally appeared like that of the control group and the necrotic cells were rarely found on the mucosal surface. In immunohistochemical evaluation of nuclear factor ƙappa B (NF-ƙB) and caspase-3 immunopositivity, the group with ulcer had higher immunopositivity compared to the control group. Moreover, it was seen that the groups treated with pear extract had lower immunopositivity due to its dosage dependent effect compared to the group with ulcer. In order to better understand the histopathological evaluation, histopathological damage was scored as - (none), + (little damage), ++ (medium damage) and +++ (severe damage) according to the regularity of the gastric mucosa, the depth of the mucosal injury, and the presence of hemorrhage and necrotic cells. Conclusion: Pear extract showed gastroprotective effects on ethanol-induced gastric damage in a dose-dependent manner. This study was supported by Atatürk University SRP (Project no: 2016/051). Corresponding Author: AYHAN TANYELİ, ayhan.tanyeli@atauni.edu.tr 1 DEPARTMENT OF PHYSİOLOGY, FACULTY OF MEDİCİNE, ATATURK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM 2 DEPARTMENT OF HORTİCULTURE, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE, ATATURK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM 3 DEPARTMENT OF HİSTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY, FACULTY OF MEDİCİNE, ATATÜRK UNİVERSİTY, 25240, ERZURUM

1071

KEYWORDS Gastric ulcer, Pyrus communis, Gastroprotective effect, Histopathological evaluation

1072

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 1004

MEDICAL BENEFITS OF BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA) PLANT GÜLTEN ŞENOCAK SORAN

ABSTRACT Nigella sativa Ranunculaceae family of flowers, 20-30 cm high, with a bluish-green plant. For this plant in our country names such as blackcurrant, black cumin and black cumin seeds are used. It grows in western and central parts of the country (Afyon, Burdur, Isparta) while our country is grown in countries like Southern Europe, Russia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan and India. The homeland is the Eastern Mediterranean countries, Eastern and Southern Europe. The seeds of the plant are black and cornered, carrying essential oils. The seeds of this plant are used in the food industry due to its aromatic nature, in some decorations (biscuits, muffins, etc.) and as a flavor in foods such as overalls and sediment. They are also used as medicines for the treatment of various diseases. N. sativa seeds are used in many countries for bronchial asthma, rheumatism, allergic diseases, various digestive disorders and parasitic infections, and it is reported that there is no side effect when used correctly and in the right dose. N. sativa seeds increase interleukin-3 (IL-3) secretion from T lymphocytes. It has also been reported that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis and antibacterial activity against various bacterials causing dental caries. It can also be used as a preservative in the storage of certain foods by taking advantage of this antibacterial property of N. sativa. N. sativa has been reported to contain over 100 substances in its chemical content, 38% of these substances are reported to be carbohydrates (glucose, xylose, arabinose), 0.38-0.49% essential oil, 3040% fixed fat, 20-30% protein, saponin, melanin, nigellin and tannin. Çörekotu is used in the treatment of many diseases in Far East and Middle East countries over 2000 years. It has been reported that N. sativa proteins have antioxidant effect and regulate immunological response.

KEYWORDS Cörekotu, Nigella sativa, medical plant

Corresponding Author: GÜLTEN ŞENOCAK SORAN, gsenocak63@hotmail.com 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1073

Poster Session 7 Submission ID: 1397

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF NIGELLA SATIVA IN SYRIAN AND BURDUR SPECIMENS 1

SENA AKDOĞAN , İBRAHİM DEMİRTAŞ , FATİH GÜL , İSA TELCİ

ABSTRACT Çörek otu are the Latin name Nigella sativa which is known to be 12 species in the family of wedding flowers (Ranunculaceae) and especially in Turkey. It is also grown in most parts of the world. The leaves that grow in Turkey such as Isparta, Konya, Burdur are fine and have a small seed of black seeds about 35-40 cm in length. Syrian and Burdur plants’ seeds were initially stored at 1:1 in MeOH and CH3Cl solvent mixtures and extractions were carried out. The same plants’ seeds specimens were then crushed in the air and kept in the same solvent mixture in the same manner and the extraction procedure was repeated for four times. Nigella sativa seeds extracts obtained from Burdur and Syrian were primarily esterified and then fatty acids analysis was performed using GC-MS method. In the obtained results, the main component was identified as linoleic acid in both samples. The second and third major components were identified as oleic and palmitic acids. These three acids were found to be more than 90% of total fatty acids. Also, in this study, isolation and esterification techniques of fatty acids will be discussed. In particular, the effects of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on activity will be presented. Analyzes and effects of essential oils and especially anti-cancer properties will be presented. In addition to this, the amount of the volatile contents will be also presented.

KEYWORDS Nigella sativa, essential oil, fatty acids

Corresponding Author: SENA AKDOĞAN, sena___akdogan@hotmail.com 1 ÇANKIRI KARATEKİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1074

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1006

INVESTİGATİON OF ANTİMİCROBİAL EFFECT OF SUMAC AND CİNNAMON EXTRACTS ON PARSLEY 1

OKTAY TOMAR , GÖKHAN AKARCA , TESLIME EKİZ

ABSTRACT It is very important to consume healthy foods during healthy growth and development. It is possible for people to grow up and to continue their lives by consuming healthy ingredients, starting from raw materials. Foodborne microorganisms, which contaminate the food and food raw materials at various stages, can lead to food poisoning and infections. Today, various processes (low temperature or heat treatment application, packaging methods, etc.) and additives such as salt, sugar and antimicrobial additives are used in order to prolong the shelf life and preservation of food. Consumers' skepticism towards these additives has increased because some of the additives used are unhealthy and can be carcinogenic and toxic depending on the usage rate. So, the acquisition and use of natural and reliable additives has become very important. Nowadays, there is increasing interest in the using of various plant extracts as antimicrobial agents to prevent microbial degradation and prolong shelf life. In this study antimicrobial properties of Rhus L. (sumac) and Cinnamomum L. (cinnamon) were investigated. Parsleys, obtained from the district bazaar, was washed with sumac and cinnamon extracts prepared in different concentrations In the study, 6 applications (control (unwashed), 1%, 2.5% and 5% sumac and cinnamon extracts) were performed. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, coliform group bacteria, coagulase positive Staphylococcus bacteria, Lactobacillus spp. bacteria, yeast and mold counts, Listeria bacterium and Salmonella spp. were investigated in the obtained samples.

KEYWORDS Rhus L., Cinnamomum L., parsley, extract, antimicrobial

Corresponding Author: OKTAY TOMAR, oktomar@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1075

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1007

EVALUATION OF SPICE USE, STYLES AND FREQUENCY OF ADULTS 1

DUYGU AĞAGÜNDÜZ , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , MERVE PEHLIVAN

ABSTRACT Aim: This research was conducted to evaluate the spice use, styles and frequency of adults aging between 18 and 64. Material and Method: The research was conducted on total 1125 (244 males – 781 females) adults aged between 18 and 64. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire form by means of face to face interview in order to determine their general characteristics of the participants and their spice use, consumption styles (adding to dishes, making tea or consuming in powder form) and frequency of consumption (every day, once a week, twice a week, three times a week). Results: 91.1% of the participants indicated that they use red pepper and add the spice to their dishes (98.9%) mostly. 54,7 of the participants use red pepper (1.37±0.74 tea spoon) every day and 20.5% of them three times a week. 43.8% of the participants use black pepper (1.16±0.61 tea spoon) every day, 24.0% of them three times a week and 14.8% of them twice a week. 99,1% of the participants using black pepper (85,8%) stated that they add the spice to their dishes. 97.0% of the participants using isot (Urfa pepper, 29.7%) add the spice to their dishes and 2.7% of them consume isot in powder form. Frequency of isot consumption is as follows: every day (23.1%), once a week (21.6%) and once a month (18.9%). On the other hand, thyme consumption frequency is 69.6% and participant generally add thyme (89.4%) to their dishes. Thyme is often consumed once a week (28.9%) and its average consumption amount is 1.22±0.68 tea spoon. 54.8% of the individuals use cinnamon and 57,8 of cinnamon users prefer it in powder form. Additionally, cinnamon consumption (1.23±0.60 tea spoon) frequency is once a month (33.0%), once a week (26.8%) and twice a week (12.7%). Locust consumption frequency of the participants is 3.6% and they consume the tea of locust mostly (55.0%). 10.4% of the participants mostly add rosemary to their dishes (50.4%) and make tea of it (4.5%). Rosemary is usually used once a month (29.4% - 1.35±0.75 tea spoon). Fennel use frequency of the participants is 7.9%. In addition, fennel consumption frequency is once a month (38.2%), once a week (18.0%) and twice a week (13.5%). 12.2% of the participants use basil and mostly add it to their dishes (85.2%) and consume in powder form. Basil is monthly consumed once a month (40.1% - 1.68±0.99 tea spoon). 58.5% of the participants using coconut (33.4%) consume it in powder form. The participants consume mostly once a week (33.0%) and average consumption amount is 1.60±1.18 tea spoon. 71.4% of the participants consume mint (1.58±1.16 tea spoon) by adding the spice to their dishes (90.2%), using it in powder form (7.2%) and making tea of the ground mint (2.6%). Conclusion: This research showed that most of the spices are consumed in dishes and consumption style, frequency and amount of each spice differs from each other.

KEYWORDS

Corresponding Author: DUYGU AĞAGÜNDÜZ, duyguturkozu@gazi.edu.tr 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1076

spice, nutrition, adults

1077

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1008

DRUG INTERACTIONS WITH ST JOHN’S WORT 1

GAMZE YURTDAŞ , EFSUN KARABUDAK

ABSTRACT St. John Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is a perennial plant belonging to the family Hypericaceae, which grows in Europe, Asia, North Africa and the United States and has golden blossoms of 30-90 cm height. In Turkey, it is known with the names such as union herb, sword herb, lamb shredder, yellow centaur, wing herb (1). St. John's wort is indicated to have sedative and astringent properties, and has been used traditionally for the treatment of excitability, neuralgia, brositis, sciatica, menopausal neurosis, anxiety, depression and as a nerve tonic, and in topical preparations for the treatment of wounds (2). It contains different groups of compounds such as hypericin, hyperforin and flavonoides. Hypericin and hyperforin are suggested to be responsible for its pharmacological activity (1, 2). Hyperforin induces cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and hypericin induces the intestinal drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). These mechanisms might dramatically affect the bioavailability of most of currently marketed drugs (3). St. John Wort has been shown to lower the plasma concentration (and/or the pharmacological effect) of a number of drugs including alprazolam, amitriptyline, cyclosporine, digoxin, fexofenadine, indinavir, irinotecan, methadone, nevirapine, simvastatin, tacrolimus, theophylline, warfarin, phenprocoumon and oral contraceptives (4). Induction of P-glycoprotein and/or cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (particularly CYP 3A4) by St. John Wort could explain such pharmacokinetic interactions. Combining St. John's wort with serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors and other antidepressants can cause serotonin syndrome and therefore should be avoided (4). As a result, St. John Wort represents a herbal medicine with a high potential for drug interactions. Some of such interactions may have serious clinical consequences. Therefore, clinicians and patients should conscious of possible reductions in systemic bioavailability of conventional drugs when taken together with St John’s wort. More research is require to ensure reliable information to guide clinical practice. 1. Hışıl Y, Şahin F, Omay S. Kantaronun (Hypericum perforatum L.) bileşimi ve tıbbi önemi. International Journal of Hematology and Oncology. 2005;4(15):212-8. 2. Barnes J, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): a review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology. 2001;53(5):583-600. 3. Gordon RY, Becker DJ, Rader DJ. Reduced efficacy of rosuvastatin by St. John's Wort. The American journal of medicine. 2009;122(2):e1-e2. 4. GezmenKaradağ M, Türközü D, Kapucu DT. Bitkiler ve ilaç etkileşimleri.

KEYWORDS Drug interaction, St. John’s Wort, Hypericum perforatum

Corresponding Author: GAMZE YURTDAŞ, gmzyurtdas@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1078

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1010

VOLATILE OIL COMPOSITION OIL OF SCANDIX AUCHERI BOISS. (APIACEAE) FROM TURKEY 1

AZİZE DEMİRPOLAT , GULDEN DOGAN , EYUP BAGCİ

ABSTRACT Genus Scandix L. genus belonging to Apiaceae family is represented by nine taxons while eight of them are species The analysis has led to the identification of 39 components comprising 98.0% of the oils. The essential oil yield was determined as 0.4 (v/w) and the main constituents of the essential oil were germacrene-D (22.3%), spathulenol (11.5%), 1,5-epoxy-salvial-4(14)ene (6.4%) and heptadecane(%6.2) and palmitic acid (5.7%). The essential oil S. aucheri has 40.2% sesquiterpenes, 33.8 % sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and 16.1% alkene and fatty acids. The results were compared with the results of the genus patterns and discussed.in the Flora of Turkey. This study, reports the essential oils composition of the aerial parts of Scandix aucheri Boiss. From Elazığ/Turkey. The oil was extracted by using Clevenger apparatus and analysed by GC and GC/MS system.

KEYWORDS Scandix aucheri, Apiaceae, 9,12-Octadecanoic acid, n- Hexadecanoic acid, Natural Product.

Corresponding Author: AZİZE DEMİRPOLAT, azizetas3@hotmail.com 1 FIRAT UNİVERSİTESİ

1079

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1011

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SCANDIX PECTEN VENERIS L. AND SCANDIX MACRORHYNCHA C.A. MEY (APIACEAE) ESSENTIAL OIL 1

AZİZE DEMİRPOLAT , EYUP BAGCİ

ABSTRACT The Scandix pecten veneris L. commonly known as Shepherd’s needle and S. macrorhyncha, which belongs to Apiaceae. The S. pecten veneris leaves showed highest to moderate activity against the studied microbial strains and anti-inflammatory. The present study revealed that the S. pectenveneris leaves could be the potential sources of balance diet with significant biological potentials. The chemical composition of different parts of S. pecten veneris L. and S. macrorhyncha C.A. Mey. essential oils naturally grown in Turkey were analyzed by GC and GC-MS system. The qualitative and quantitative essential oil variation were also determined. The essential oil yields of S. pecten veneris were found as 0.3(v/w) in aerial part and 0.2 (v/w) in fruits. 19 constituents were identified and comprised 89.6 percentage of the total essential oil from S. pecten-veneris aerial parts, and identified 17 constituents comprised 87.7 % in fruit essential oil, respectively. The predominant compounds of the aerial part oil of S. pecten-veneris, palmitic acid (28.2%), spathulenol (19.6%), 1,5-epoxy-salvial4(14)ene (7.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (5.4%) were the the main compounds and 9,12, -curcumen (6.2%), caryophyllene oxide (5.4%) were the major compounds in fruit. On the other hand, 10 constituents were identified and comprised 87.8 % of the total essential oil of S. macrorhyncha aerial parts. The main compounds in oil were palmitic acid (31.5%), 1-heptadecanol (25.2%), pentadecanoic acid (13.4%) ve 9-octadecanoic acid (12.6%). Fatty acid, sesquiterpene and saturated hydrocarbons were determined as significant compounds for the characterization of S. pecten-veneris and S. macrorhyncha essential oil. The results were discussed in view of the chemotaxonomy and natural products.

KEYWORDS Scandix pecten-veneris, S. macrorhyncha, Essential oil, palmitic acid, spathulenol, oleic acid.

Corresponding Author: AZİZE DEMİRPOLAT, azizetas3@hotmail.com 1 FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1080

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1012

EFFECT OF NIGELLA SATIVE ON DYSLIPIDEMIA 1

GAMZE YURTDAŞ , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , TUĞBA TATAR

ABSTRACT Dyslipidemia is a wide term covering diverse lipid and/or lipoprotein abnormalities [1]. The main findings of this disorder include elevated plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), and low concentrations of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [1]. Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause for morbidity and mortality among patients [2]. There is growing interest in finding safe natural alternatives to common drugs used to treat dyslipidemia, specially in patients resistant to or intolerant of statins [3]. Nigella sativa (N. sativa), popularly known as black seed, is one of these safe plants used as an herb for more than 2000 years and has been shown to produce multi-systemic beneficial actions, including hypoglycemic, hypocholestermic, and antioxidant effects. It contains numerous biologically active constituents such as thymoquinone (TQ) ,flavonoids, sterols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids and the lipid-lowering effect is likely mediated by a synergistic action of its different components [3]. Several studies on N. Sative demonstrated improvement in serum lipid levels including decrease in total lipids, TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels [4, 5]. For instance, dietary supplementation of N. Sativa seeds (400–600 mg/ kg) for 1, 2 or 4 weeks is useful in the prevention and treatment of the hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia [5]. Bhatti et al. indicated that oral administration of powdered black seeds (1g/day) to hypercholesterolemic patients for 2 months significantly decreased the total cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C levels and increased the HDL-C level [6]. Bamosa et al. observed a important effect of six different doses of thymoquinone on blood lipids in rats [7]. The effects dyslipidemic of N. sativa and TQ may be related to the significant decrease in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity, increase in arylesterase activity, regulatory effects on genes that influence cholesterol metabolism, as well as antioxidant mechanisms [4]. As a result, Nigella sativa and thymoquinone appear as effective and safe natural treatments for patients with dyslipidemia. References 1. Asgary S, Sahebkar A, Goli-Malekabadi N: Ameliorative effects of Nigella sativa on dyslipidemia. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2015, 38(10):1039-1046. 2. Butt MS, Sultan MT: Nigella sativa: reduces the risk of various maladies. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition 2010, 50(7):654-665. 3. Sahebkar A, Beccuti G, Simental-Mendía LE, Nobili V, Bo S: Nigella sativa (black seed) effects on plasma lipid concentrations in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Pharmacological research 2016, 106:37-50. 4. Razavi B, Hosseinzadeh H: A review of the effects of Nigella sativa L. and its constituent, thymoquinone, in metabolic syndrome. Journal of endocrinological investigation 2014, 37(11):1031-1040. 5. Kocyigit Y, Atamer Y, Uysal E: The effect of dietary supplementation of Nigella sativa L. on serum lipid profile in rats. Saudi medical journal 2009, 30(7):893-896. 6. Bhatti I, Rehman FU, Khan M, Marwat S: Effect of prophetic medicine Kalonji (Nigella sativa L.) on lipid profile of human beings: an in vivo approach. World Applied Sciences Journal 2009, 6(8):1053-1057. 7. Bamosa AO, Ali BA, alCorresponding Author: GAMZE YURTDAŞ, gmzyurtdas@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1081

Hawsawi ZA: The effect of thymoquinone on blood lipids in rats. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology 2002, 46(2):195-201.

KEYWORDS nigella sative, dislipidemia, black seed

1082

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1013

THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA KURDICA 1

HILAL SARUHAN FIDAN , IŞIL AYDIN , ESRA YARIŞ , EVIN AYGÜN TUNCAY , GÖKHAN ZENGIN , MEHMET 5 6 3 FIRAT , MEHMET BOĞA , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ

ABSTRACT The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) comprises about 900 species world-wide, while it is presented with 89 species and 94 taxa in Turkey, approximately half of which are endemic. Anatolia is the major gene center in Asia. Salvia species, known as ‘‘adacayi’’ in Anatolia, are used in folk medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including infectious diseases. They are used as antiseptics, stimulants, diuretics and for wound healing in Turkish folk medicine and for herbal teas. Salvia fruticosa and Salvia tomentosa, which have similar chemical composition and effects with the medicinal species (Salvia officinalis L.), are preferred in Turkey beside of S. officinalis. The essential oil of S. fruticosa is used traditionally as carminative, stomachic, antiperspirant and diuretic. Due to several studies indicating antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of Salvia species, especially S. officinalis, similar studies on these species increased gradually all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine the essential oil profile of Salvia kurdica by GC/MS. Additionally, the essential oil of this Salvia was tested for antioxidant (DPPH, Beta Caroten Cuprac, ABTS) and anticholinesterase activities. The main constituents of S. kurdica were identified as Linalool (26.4%), Geranyl acetate (22.4%) and trans-Linalool oxide (furanoid) (9.1%). The essential oil of S.kurdica exhibited moderate antioksidant and good anticholinesterase activities. Acknowledgements: The research was funded by grant : KBAG 114Z801 from TUBITAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey.

KEYWORDS Salvia kurdica, Essential Oil, Antioksidant

Corresponding Author: ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ, abdulselamertas@hotmail.com 1 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKIR 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKİR 3 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR 4 SELÇUK UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, KONYA 5 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, VAN,TUKEY 6 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL TECHNOLOGY, DİYARBAKIR

1083

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1014

THE ESSENTIAL OIL ANALYSIS OF SOME SALVIA SPECIES FROM ANATOLIA WITH CHEMOMETRIC APPROACH 1

ÖZGE TOKUL ÖLMEZ , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , HILAL SARUHAN FIDAN , MEHMET FIRAT , MUSTAFA ABDULLAH 4 5 1 4 6 YILMAZ , GÖKHAN ZENGIN , MEHMET ÖZTÜRK , HAMDI TEMEL , UFUK KOLAK

ABSTRACT The genus Salvia L. a member of the Lamiaceae family grows naturally all over the world with more than 900 species. Lamiaceae family have been interested since many of the Lamiaceae species include essential oils which are used in perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. Medicinal plants having biological activity have been used in the treatment of a variety of diseases since ancient times. PCA is one of the best multivariate statistical techniques for extracting linear relationships among a set of variables. PCA is a set of widely used analytical techniques whereby a complex dataset containing variables is transformed to a smaller set of new variables, which maximize the variance of the original dataset. PCA provides information on the significant parameters with minimum loss of original information. This is achieved by transforming to a new set of variables which are uncorrelated, and which are ordered so that the first few retain most of the variation present in all of the original variables. The principal components are generated in a sequentially ordered manner with decreasing contributions to the variance, i.e. the first principal component (PC1) explains most of the variations present in the original data, and successive principal components account for decreasing proportions of the variance. In this study, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) were performed with 13 variables in 8 samples. As a result of the PCA analysis with 8 samples and 13 volatile oil components, the first three principal components explained the variance as 85.3%, 1st principle component as 44.6% and 2nd. principle component as 28.1%. Statistical calculations were performed using Minitab 16.2.1 statistical software (MINITAB Inc. 2010). Salvia species collected at different times in the study were evaluated with 13 volatile oil components.

KEYWORDS Salvia, Chemometri, Essential Oil, PCA

Corresponding Author: ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ, abdulselamertas@hotmail.com 1 MUGLA SITKI KOÇMAN UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, TR-48121 MUGLA, 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, TR-21280 DİYARBAKIR, 3 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, TR-65080 VAN, 4 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL CHEMİSTRY TR21280 DİYARBAKIR, 5 SELÇUK UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, KONYA, 6 DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL AND ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, ISTANBUL UNİVERSİTY, TURKEY

1084

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1016

DETERMINATION OF CONSTANT OIL COMPONENTS OF NIGELLA ARVENSIS VAR. GLAUCA SPECIES NATURALLY GROWING IN FLORA OF KAHRAMANMARAS 1

OSMAN GEDİK , YUSUF ZIYA KOCABAŞ , ÖMER SÜHA USLU , ALI RAHMI KAYA , ADEM EROL , MUHAMMAD 3 4 AZIM KHAN , WALID SOUFAN

ABSTRACT Black sesame (Nigella sp.) is a one-year herbaceous plant belonging to the family Ranunculaceae (wedding flowers). Its origins are based on the Eastern Mediterranean, Southern Europe and West Asia. The genus Nigella is represented by about 20 species from the Mediterranean region to Western Asia and comprises about 13 species in Turkey. There is %32-40 fixed fat, %1619.90 protein, %33.90 carbohydrate, %5.50 saponins, alkaloids and fibers, %1.79-3.44 tannins and minerals in the seeds of Turkey, as well as differences according to the regions. In fixed oil, unsaturated fatty acids include linoleic acid, oleic acid and linolenic acid while saturated fatty acids include palmitic acid, stearic acid and myristic acid. N. arvensis var. glauca is spreading naturally in Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Avşar Settlement. In this study totally twenty different fatty acid components was determined. Primarily fixed fatty acids components and ratios of the species N. arvensis var. glauca; linoleic acid (%68.11), oleic acid (%12.00), palmitic acid (%10.88), cis-11,14eicosadienoic acid (%2.90), stearic acid (%2.36), gamma- linolenic acid (%1.59), myristic acid (%0.23) were detected.

KEYWORDS Black sesame, Nigella, fixed oil, fatty acid components

Corresponding Author: OSMAN GEDİK, ogedik@ksu.edu.tr 1 SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ 2 SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ TÜRKOĞLU MYO 3 THE UNİVERSİTY OF AGRİCULTURE 4 KİNG SAUD UNİVERSİTY

1085

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1017

SOME VEGETABLE OILS USED IN WOUND CARE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON WOUND HEALING 1

FIGEN EROL URSAVAŞ , SEHER GÖNEN ŞENTÜRK

ABSTRACT Aromatherapy, a complementary treatment alternative, refers to use of essential oils derived from different parts of plants (leaf, flower, bark, seed, fruit etc.) for health and wellbeing purposes. These oils are applied through respiratory tract, skin and oral route. It is known that essential oils are utilized in mother and child health, pain management, care for cancer patients, treatment of skin, neurological, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, wound healing/care and mental health. It has been shown in the literature that essential oils used in wound care accelerates healing. Health professionals play an important role in development and use of wound care products containing essential oils which quicken wound healing. Purpose of this study is directed towards examination of essential oils which quicken wound healing and their uses, at the same time, to create awareness in this matter. It has been shown in the literature that essential oils (tea oil, lavender oil, canola oil, St. John’s Wort oil, olive leaf extract, beeswax-olive oil) have effects on wound healing. Tea oil has antimicrobial features. Wound dressing with tea tree oil every day three times a week has been found to have effects on healing of MRSA positive wounds. Episiotomy is a surgical incision made during vaginal delivery. A study comparing bathing with 5-6 drips of lavender oil in 4-liter water and bathing with povidone iodine for 10 days did not reveal any differences in terms of wound healing complications, but showed less redness in episiotomy wounds exposed to lavender oil. In a study examining effectiveness of canola oil and lavender honey in wounds created in rats, canola oil applied through a syringe two times for the first four days was found to be more effective than lavender honey applied in the same way. In a study on effects of a wound care product containing beeswax, olive oil and alkanna tinctoria on the second-degree burns, wound dressing was made with the product every day and it was found to be effective. St. John’s Wort is a plant used in treatment of several diseases. Applying St. John’s Wort on wounds created on rats once daily was found to be effective in soft tissue defects. Olive leaves have tannin, essential oils, organic acids and resin. Using topical olive oil extract on diabetic wounds in rats for 21 days was shown to accelerate wound healing. Aromatherapy/essential oil use, a complimentary therapy, plays a part in improving health and wellbeing and influences nursing care having a key role in wound care. In studies conducted that essential oils have been found to have a beneficial effect on wound care. Studies have revealed that they have impact on wound healing. In light of the literature, it can be recommended that randomized controlled studies should be performed to evaluate effects of wound care products made from essential oils on types of wound in Turkey.

KEYWORDS

Corresponding Author: FİGEN EROL URSAVAŞ, figenerolll@gmail.com 1 ÇANKIRI KARATEKİN UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF HEALTH SCİENCES, DEPARTMENT OF NURSİNG

1086

Wound care, Herbal oil, Aromatherapy

1087

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1018

ANTICARCINOGENIC EFFECTS OF FERMENTED WHEAT GERM EXTRACTS 1

HAKAN VATANSEV , MUSTAFA KÜRŞAT DEMİR

ABSTRACT Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) is a natural product obtained by fermentation of wheat germ and registered as a special nutrient in Hungary for cancer patients in 2002. According to some researches in recent years, quinones found as glycosides in wheat germ are thought to be responsible for some biological properties of FWGE. FWGEs production process includes fermentation of this extract by Saccharomyces cervisiae, separation, drying and granulation of the fermentation liquid. FWGE is available without prescription from pharmacies and the effects are versatile. They are reported to show no toxicity, mutagenicity or genotoxicity. In particular, the role of cancer prevention and treatment has come to the forefront with its various aspects. Compared to normal tissues, cancer cells exhibit a hypermetabolic state with high amounts of glucose use while FWGEs inhibit cancer growth by inhibiting glucose uptake in cancer cells. In cell culture studies in which the antitumoral effect of FWGE is examined; It has been demonstrated that they have potential antitumoral activity in the colon, testis, thyroid, ovary, non-small cell lung, breast, gastric, head and neck, hepatoma, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, melanoma, cervical cancer cell lines.

KEYWORDS FWGE, cancer, antitumoral effect.

Corresponding Author: HAKAN VATANSEV, hakanvatansev@gmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SEYDİŞEHİR MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, UN VE UNLU MAMULLER TEKNOLOJİSİ, KONYA 2 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK VE MİMARLIK FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, KONYA

1088

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1019

THE ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF SOME SALVIA SPECIES FROM ANATOLIA 1

HATICE ÇAKIRCA , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , MEHMET FIRAT , IŞIL AYDIN , ESRA YARIŞ , MEHMET VEYSI 4 3 3 5 6 ÇAĞLAYAN , MEHMET AKDENIZ , İSMAIL YENER , HÜSEYIN ALKAN , GÜLAÇTI TOPÇU

KEYWORDS Salvia sclarea, Salvia macrochlamys, Salvia hypargeia, Salvia palaestina, Essential Oil, Anticholinesterase

Corresponding Author: MEHMET VEYSİ ÇAĞLAYAN, mehmetveysicaglayan@hotmail.com 1 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKİR, TURKEY 2 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, VAN, TURKEY 3 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKİR, TURKEY 4 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY 5 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİSTRY,DİYARBAKIR, TURKEY 6 DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMİSTRY, BEZMİALEM VAKİF UNİVERSİTY,ISTANBUL, TURKEY

1089

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1021

ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS ON KASHAR CHEESE 1

GÖKHAN AKARCA , MUHAMMED YUSUF ÇAĞLAR , AYŞIN KAHRAMAN

ABSTRACT Cheese, which is a milk product rich in protein, fat and minerals, has had a significant place in the diet of all societies for centuries. A large number of varieties of cheese are produced and consumed in our country. One of them is the kashar cheese which is in the cake-filata class. In its production, there are production steps such as fermentation, coagulation, ripening of the clot, processing and salting. After these stages, it has a long ripening phase so that it can possess its sensory, physical and chemical properties until the consumption phase. During this ripening phase, the surface of the cheese is completely covered with mold. Mold growth on the surface causes quality loss, discoloration, bad odor and aroma disorders. Besides, due to the toxic metabolites, mycotoxins, which they develop on the surface, molds can lead to poisoning which can result in death when the cheese is consumed. Although these toxins are more dense in the 1-2 cm surface layer of the cheese, they can also migrate to the interior. For this reason, the problem of mold must be avoided. Various methods are used to solve this problem. One of these methods is to try to mechanically clean the crust layer by chewing with a brush and water and sometimes even with a knife while the cheese is being consumed. However, this process can not solve the health and quality problems caused by molds. Other methods of preventing molds are known to be the use of preservatives (antifungal) and special packaging methods. The use of antifungal agents is intended to prevent quality losses and deterioration reactions, prolong shelf life and maintain sensory properties. For this purpose various plant extracts are used as antifungal agents. Within the scope of the study, the fresh kashar cheese produced is covered with prepared sage, locust, thyme, cinnamon and ginger alcohol extracts. The study was carried out with 6 designation (control, sage, carob, thyme, cinnamon and ginger extracts x 3 time (day 0, day 7, day 15) trial design. At the end of storage, the number of yeast-molds on the surfaces of the samples was determined. According to the obtained data, it is thought that the plant extracts used prevent the growth of mold on the surface of kashar cheese and it is advisable to use vacuum packaging as an alternative packaging material for covering the natural plants with kashar cheeses.

KEYWORDS Kashar cheese, molding, plant extract, coating

Corresponding Author: GÖKHAN AKARCA, gakarca@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK VE DOĞA BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1090

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1022

SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.) 1

TESLIME EKİZ , OKTAY TOMAR , MEHMET KILINÇ

ABSTRACT The Salvia species belonging to the Lamiaceae family consist of approximately 900 species that are common worldwide and exhibit significant morphological and genetic diversity relative to their geographical origins. In many studies, it has been reported that sage species have pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, hemostatic, hypoglycemic and antitumor effects. Salvia officinalis L., which is called as medical sage, is a plant with fringing roots and a length of 60-100 cm. Leaves are whitish gray and silver colored and furry. This aromatic plant contains essential oil. Among people in our country; it is widely consumed in the form of herbal tea because it is thought to have some important medical effects such as cutting nausea, reducing abdominal pain, digestion regulation, relieving rheumatic pain, improving tongue and gingivitis, protecting liver, cleansing blood and lowering blood pressure. Apart from that, cosmetics, perfumery, pharmaceutical industry are in use. In food industry, besides giving flavor to products, it is a spice with widespread use as an alternative to synthetic and chemical antimicrobial and antioxidant substances.

KEYWORDS Sage, Salvia officinalis L., antimicrobial, antioxidant

Corresponding Author: OKTAY TOMAR, oktomar@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1091

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1023

USE OF OCIMUM BASILICUM L. IN FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTION 1

MEHMET KILINÇ , TESLIME EKİZ

ABSTRACT The Ocimum genus contains over 150 species and is considered the largest genus of the Lamiaceae family. Ocimum spp. contains essential oils rich in phenolic compounds and other natural products in a wide range including polyphenols such as flavonoids. This genus Ocimum basilicum L. species is a important spice and essential oil plant that grows in various parts of the world. This medicinal and aromatic plant is originated from North East Africa, North West India and Central Asia. Among the people in our country is known as ‘fesleğen’ and ‘reyhan’. The length of grown up basil is usually between 20-60 cm. It has soft leaves in the length of 1-5 cm, width of 1-3 cm. There are many basil varieties which vary according to leaf color (green or purple), flower color (white, red, purple) and aroma. There are oil grands forming characteristic aromatic smell in plant leaves and flowers. Basil contains 0.2-1% essential oil and the content of essential oils in different basil cultures is also different. Along with essential oil, it is reported that this plant contains 14% protein, 6.1% carbohydrates and high vitamin C and vitamin A content. Fresh flowering branches and seeds of this plant, which is cultivated and traded in our country, are used. Basil, which has high aromatic character, is widely used both as fresh and dried food spice in Turkish cuisine. Apart from this, the plant also finds use in food products, oral care products and cosmetic industry. Among people in our country; it is consumed for various purposes such as gas remover, appetizer, and digestion facilitator. In addition, in some studies, it has been reported that basil leaves have tonic, antiseptic and insecticidal properties and this plant has antiviral, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In addition to these mentioned properties, by examining the benefits of the proprietary aroma especially for human health; It is thought to be an alternative plant for the production of new functional food products. There are various studies on the use of basil in functional food products and it is considered that different studies should be done in the development of new functional food products.

KEYWORDS Functional food, Ocimum basilicum L., spice, human health

Corresponding Author: TESLİME EKİZ, tekiz@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1092

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1024

PROPERTIES OF ALKANNA TINCTORIA L. TAUSCH PLANT 1

MEHMET KILINÇ , AHMET FURKAN ÇAĞLAR

ABSTRACT Alkanna tinctoria L. Tausch is a perennial plant belonging to the Boraginaceae family. It is also known as "alkanet" among the people. This plant has 10-30 cm long and blue flowers. A. tinctoria is used in the pharmaceutical industry and in cosmetics. Collected and dried roots of this plant are used in herbal dyeing. Alkaline and shikonin, pigmentary substances, were isolated from the root of the this plant. Alkannin and shikonin are powerful pharmaceutical ingredients with a wide range of biological properties and are used as food colorants. It has been reported that alkannin, shikonin and its derivatives may exhibit antioxidant properties in fat substrates as well as wound healing, antiinflammatory, antitumor and antimicrobial properties. It is necessary to investigate the possibility of functional use of this plant in food production processes in particular by taking advantage of the antimicrobial effect.

KEYWORDS Alkanna tinctoria L., alkanet, antimicrobial activity, food

Corresponding Author: MEHMET KILINÇ, mkilinc@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1093

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1025

USE OF SOME PLANTS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL PROPERTIES IN THE CONSERVATION OF SUCUK 1

TESLIME EKİZ , OKTAY TOMAR

ABSTRACT Meat is a valuable food material with its nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, essential fatty acids and its odor, taste and aroma properties. Thanks to these nutritious ingredients, it has an extremely important place among the elements of balanced nutrition in human life. Due to its high moisture content, nitrogenous nutrients, minerals and other growth factors, the meat becomes suitable for many microorganisms to grow rapidly and for deterioration in a short time. Since ancient times, various methods have been used, such as drying and fermentation processes, in order to impart different flavor and aroma to the meat and increase the period of preservation of the meat which is degradable in a short time. Thus, many meat products appeared in different flavor, structure, color and appearance. One of these products is ‘sucuk’. Sucuk is an important meat product that has been produced and consumed in our country since ancient times. Various microbial spoilage can be seen in sucuks, because of the reasons like; having high pH and moisture content after production, not being transported under cold chain and not being kept in cold. Mold growth on sucuk surface, which is one of these microbial spoilages, is a serious problem in the industry. Chemical preservatives are frequently used in the food industry to prevent this problem. But, the consumer's skeptical attitude towards chemical additives and their interest in natural functional food products are increasing day by day. As a result, efforts are being made to search for natural antimicrobial agents that can be used to prevent microbial spoilage and extend shelf life. For this purpose, various plants such as Thymus vulgaris L., Ocimum basilicum L., Cuminum cyminum L., Origanum majorana L., Foeniculum vulgare Miller., Terminalia chebula Retz. extracts, extract mixtures, and essential oils have been investigated for their antibacterial and antifungal effects. The increasing demand for natural and healthy food reveals the necessity of carrying out more detailed scientific studies in the following period.

KEYWORDS Antibacterial, antifungal, sucuk, chemical preservatives, food preservation

Corresponding Author: TESLİME EKİZ, tekiz@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1094

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1026

NATURAL PHARMACY: CLOVE (SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM) 1

OKTAY TOMAR , MEHMET KILINÇ , ABDULLAH ÇAĞLAR

ABSTRACT Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the oldest and most valuable spices in the world and is among the most traded medical and aromatic plants. The clove which the Southern Philippines and the Molluk Islands are its mainland, are cultivated in all tropical countries today and are produced mostly in Indonesia, Tanzania's Zengibar and Pemba Islands. Clove has a strong aroma, sharp smell, burning, bitter pungent flavor; it contains 15-20 % volatile oil. The main component of this volatile oil is eugenol, which is present in about 75-90% of the main component in the phenolic structure, which gives the typical aroma of spring to its therapeutic properties. Eugenol in the clove is a phenolic substance giving antiseptic, bacteriostatic, bactericidal, analgesic, antifungal properties. Clove is mainly used in food, pharmaceutical and also widely used in the fields of perfumery and cosmetics fields. Many scientific studies have been conducted on cloves; they show that it is a medicinal and aromatic plant which is effective in various fields such as antiseptic, antifungal, antiviral, local anesthetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, diarrhea, digestive system disorders. It is also used in the treatment of many diseases such as ulcers, wounds, arthritis, rheumatism, sprains, asthma, bronchitis, nausea, minor infections and antispasmodia in dental infections, mouth perfumes and toothpastes in folk medicine. In the past, clove has been used in the treatment of many diseases among the public, and also many medical features have been discovered today. It is thought that clove is a natural and effective alternative to synthetic drugs by carrying out more scientific studies on these properties of human health. It is also widely used in the food industry to enhance the flavor and aroma of food. On the other hand, there is a need for new research on cloves to ensure food safety in food production processes and to increase the functionality of food.

KEYWORDS Clove, eugenol, medical, aromatic, human health

Corresponding Author: OKTAY TOMAR, oktomar@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1095

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1027

ROSELLE (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.): EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1

SEDEF AYDIN , GÖKHAN AKARCA , DUYGU ERCAN ORUÇ

ABSTRACT About 300 species of the genus Hibiscus are used in various applications. Roselle belongs to the family Malvaceae and is one of the most consumed species of hibiscus. It is an important annual crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates, called 'kerkeda' in the local area. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is used in food, animal feed, cosmetics, nutraceuticals and medicines. It is widely consumed in the form of herbal tea, jelly and jam. The bright red color and unique flavor make it a valuable product. The most important part of the plant is considered to be the sepals surrounding the fruit. Calycles, stalks and leaves have sour aroma. It is thought that fruit juice obtained from sepals is a healthy drink because of high vitamin C, anthocyanin and antioxidant content. Seeds are low in cholesterol, other phytosterols and tocopherols in β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol. Pharmacological investigations of the H. sabdariffa L. line revealed the biological activity of this plant. Some of the therapeutic effects of consuming Roselle, especially in tea form are antioxidant, anticarcinogen, antipyretic, antidiarrheal, antiinflamatuar, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, anticholesterol effects, digestive regulator and support for kidney function. The fact that it is rich in anthocyanins makes gives this plant a good antioxidant source as well as gives it a good color appearance. Roselle plant's numerous medical applications are developing worldwide. The biological activity of anthocyanins such as antioxidant activity, which protects against atherosclerosis and anticarcinogenic activity, has been investigated and found to have positive effects on the treatment of diseases. Besides, it has been determined that the sepal extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa plant has therapeutic effect against leukemia due to high polyphenol content. The result of phytochemical and pharmacological studies is that Roselle has a positive effect on the treatment of many diseases, suggesting that the work to be done on this field will be carried out on a broader scale.

KEYWORDS Hibiscus sabdariffa L., roselle, medical and aromatic, pharmaceutical, health

Corresponding Author: SEDEF AYDIN, sedefaydin03@gmail.com 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1096

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1028

AVOCADO'S COMPOSITION AND POSITIVE EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1

GÖKHAN AKARCA , SEDEF AYDIN , MUHAMMED YUSUF ÇAĞLAR

ABSTRACT Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a green and perennial plant belonging to the family Lauraceae, which is produced in about 50 countries, including the USA and Mexico. The avocado fruit is considered as 'functional food' because of its beneficial effects on health. Avocado's oil has great importantance on the occurance of its own flavor and aroma. It has a similar chemical composition with olive oil which has an important place in Mediterranean diet. Studies have shown that avocado oil contains higher levels of vitamin C, β-sitosterol and chlorophyll, and lower levels of squalene and polyphenol than olive oil.Avocado, an essential nutrient and serving as an exogenous antioxidant, contains more lipolytic extract, C and E vitamins than other fruits. In addition, it contains monounsaturated fatty acids, folate and B6 vitamins and phytosterols, which reduce the level of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) in the blood. These and similar compounds obtained from avocado avocado oil and pulp are functioning as bioactive substances. Avocado, which is among the fruits that have the highest concentration of phytosterols, assumed as the major bioactive group, is especially rich in β-sitosterol, the main sterol. The most apparent effect of phytosterols on cardiovascular disorders has been determined to cause a decrease in cholesterol levels through the inhibition of intestinal fat. In vitro and in vivo studies have been found that increased consumption of avocado on a daily diet significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, cancer, obesity, and inflammation. In addition, it has been reported that D-Mannoheptulose (MH), which is contained in avocadonin, has an aging-retarding effect and is used as a potential treatment for hypoglycemia. Given the positive health effects of avocado-enriched diets, studies using avocado and avocado-derived products are predicted to accelerate significantly in the coming years.

KEYWORDS Avocado, functional food, disease, cardiovascular, bioactive, health

Corresponding Author: SEDEF AYDIN, sedefaydin03@gmail.com 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK VE DOĞA BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1097

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1030

THE BENEFITS OF BLACKCURRANT (RIBES NIGRUM L.) FOR HEALTH 1

ABDULLAH ÇAĞLAR , HÜLYA VATANSEVER , ELIF EKMEKÇİ

ABSTRACT Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) which is native to Europe and Northern Asia is a perennial plant with edible, small, dark purple (near-black) colorful fruits. Its fruits and leaves have been used for a variety of health problems in traditional plant medicine in Europe and Asia. Blackcurrant is a rich source of anthocyanins, which are vitamin C and natural food coloring. It is also known that it has a higher antioxidant capacity compared to other widely consumed berry fruits. Black currant seeds are rich in α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid, which play an active role in growth, healthy bone development, development of normal brain function and regulation of metabolism. Blackcurrant fruits contain polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Thanks to these properties of polyphenols, many functions of the organs and especially the nervous system, digestive system and circulatory system are protected and supported. Anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-rutinocyte, cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin3-rutinocyte), the basic polyphenols of the fruit extract, are used in the treatment of eye defects and eye diseases. In addition, blackcurrant extracts inhibit the development of cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer, and chronic inflammation-related diseases. Quercetin derivatives found in black currant leaves have a range of activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitoxic, antiseptic and antioxidant effects. Studies have shown that because the extracts from fruits, buds and leaves of blackcurrant destroyed the free radicals by fighting them and increased body resistance against many diseases, their use should be widespread and increased.

KEYWORDS Blackcurrant, antioxidant, anthocyanin, vitamin C, health

Corresponding Author: HÜLYA VATANSEVER, vatanseverhulya@hotmail.com 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1098

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1031

A HERB WITH AROMATIC TASTE AND PLEASANT ODOUR: COFFEE 1

ELIF EKMEKÇİ , MUHAMMED YUSUF ÇAĞLAR , DUYGU ERCAN ORUÇ

ABSTRACT The coffee of the Rubiaceae family, first time seen in the Kaffa region of Abyssinia, it is mind stimulant and one of the most popular beverages in the world with an aromatic taste. There are over 90 different types of coffee. Coffee; until phase of comsumption, it is passed from five stage such as the maturation of the seeds, the collection, the separation of the crusts, the roasting and the grinding. Coffee is a drink rich in antioxidants, phenolic and aroma components. The green coffee bean is rich in antioxidants and phenolic compounds and contains high levels of chlorogenic acid. But green coffee beans are very poor in flavor. Therefore, the green coffee beans are roasted at different times and temperatures to produce complex prolytic reactions, thereby improving the taste and flavor of the desired coffee. The most important factor in the aroma and flavor of the coffee is the degree of roasting coffee beans. The roasted coffee has a very attractive and unique aroma. The most known bioactive component of coffee is caffeine. Coffee, contains many chemical components such as caffeine and chlorogenic acid. Due to these compounds, it has been stated that coffee have properties such as improving mental and physical performance, increasing alertness. It was also found that the chlorogenic acid in coffee is exhibited a high bioavailability and that 30% of the received chlorogenic acid is excreted as metabolites within 24 hours. Studies have shown that some of these metabolites at low μM concentrations have neuroprotective properties. Studies conducted on decaffeinated, roasted coffee have showed that coffee contain proadenosine, antimorphin and antioxidant compounds exhibiting activity in brain. Studies, which were conducted in recent years, have been reported to show a positive effect of coffee on diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc.. Studies have shown that coffee may prevent the development of Alzheimer's disease because picolinat detected in coffee increases zinc absorption and L-rhamnose and fumarate in coffee show high antioxidant activity. Decaffeinated coffee has been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes. Chlorogenic acids affect the absorption and utilization of glucose. It has been also found that there are positive effects on liver health and liver function. Various studies are needed in this regard.

KEYWORDS Coffee, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, alzheimer

Corresponding Author: ELİF EKMEKÇİ, elif_ekmekci@hotmail.com 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK VE DOĞA BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1099

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1032

THE EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH OF KIWIFRUIT 1

ABDULLAH ÇAĞLAR , ELIF EKMEKÇİ , HÜLYA VATANSEVER

ABSTRACT There are a wide variety of species and forms of kiwifruit which are native to China. Among these species, Actinidia deliciosa ('Hayward') and Actinidia chinensis ('Hort16A') are the most significant two species with commercial importance. During fruit maturity, the fruit color of Actinidia deliciosa is green while the fruit color of Actinidia chinensis is yellow. At the beginning of the 1900's, the kiwifruit was not cultivated much outside of China, it was started to be grown in various countries after these years. The promotion and adaptation studies of kiwifruit were made in 1988 in our country. In 1994, our country entered agricultural statistics data. The largest share of the kiwifruit production area in our country is the Black Sea Region. Kiwifruit; in adition to consumption as fruit, ıt is also used in canned food, fruit juice, fruit yogurt, marmalade, jam, frozen or dried food, tea, cake sauces, ice cream, pudding, wine, shampoo, soap and cosmetics. Kiwifruit is determined that it is a fruit rich in phenolic compounds (anthocyanins and flavanoids), vitamins (vitamins C, B2, A and E), antioxidant components, minerals (potassium, iron, phosphorus, calcium, chromium, copper and magnesium) and carotenoids (xanthophyll, beta carotene and lutein). Kiwifruit; because of the high nutritional content, high vitamin C content and low calorie levels, it is expressed as a health fruit. The green kiwifruit fruit in 100 g fresh weight contains on average 85 mg ascorbate (vitamin C). Kiwifruit has 3 times more vitamin C than orange. Like most fruits, although the kiwifruit contains water at high concentrations, it contains vitamin E in higher concentrations than many other fruits. Vitamins C and E, which are from antioxidants and are highly present in the contents of kiwifruit, prevent blockage of arterial vessels. As a result of epidemiological, pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies, it has been reported that the intake of vitamin C contributes to prevent certain cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diseases related to upper respiratory tracts such as influenza and colds. Studies have determined that kiwifruit improves intestinal and digestive health, alleviates constipation, strengthens immunity, regulates lipid profile, improves iron uptake, improves DNA repair activity and reduces platelet aggregation. The proteolytic enzyme actinidin, found in green kiwifruit, has been shown to help digest food proteins, and kiwifruit consumption has been found to increase the number of appropriate probiotic strains. In addition, recent studies have been determined that the sleep-inducing properties of the kiwifruit are present. The most dense carotenoids found in the kiwifruit are β-carotene and lutein, which are considered as strong antioxidants. The lutein from the carotenoids is important in the maintain of the vision. Kiwifruit has the highest lutein content among commonly consumed fruits. Even though kiwifruit contains useful bioactive compounds, it contains some compounds such as allergens and oxalate that may be harmful to health. The actinidin enzyme found in kiwifruit is allergic to some people. The amount of oxalate present in the kiwifruit is not a concern for individuals who sustain a balanced diet.

Corresponding Author: ELİF EKMEKÇİ, elif_ekmekci@hotmail.com 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1100

KEYWORDS Kiwifruit, vitamin C, lutein, health

1101

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1034

Α-AMYLASE AND Α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF THE EXTRACTS AND CONSTITUENTS OF FERULAGO BRACTEATA ROOTS 1

SONGÜL KARAKAYA , SEFA GÖZCÜ , ZÜHAL GÜVENALP , HILAL ÖZBEK , HAFIZE YUCA , BENAN 1 2 1 DURSUNOĞLU , CAVIT KAZAZ , CEYDA SIBEL KILIÇ

ABSTRACT Context: Ferulago species have been used since ancient times for the treatment of intestinal worms, hemorrhoids and as tonic, digestive, aphrodisiac and sedative. Apart from its medicinal uses, they have been used as salad or spice due to their special odors. Objectives: This study reports αamylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extracts and bioactive compounds isolated from the roots F. bracteata. Material and methods: The structures of isolated compounds through in vitro bioassay-guided fractionation processes from the roots of F. bracteata were elucidated by detailed analyses of 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-MS data. Results: A new coumarin, peucedanol-2′-benzoate (1), along with nine known ones, osthole (2), imperatorin (3), bergapten (4), prantschimgin (5), grandivitinol (6), suberosin (7), xanthotoxin (8), felamidin (9), umbelliferone (10), and a sterol mixture consisted of stigmasterol (11), β-sitosterol (12) was isolated from the roots of F. bracteata. Felamidin and suberosin showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with 0.42 and 0.89 mg/mL IC50 values, respectively, when compared to the reference standard acarbose (IC50 4.95 mg/mL). On the other hand, none of the tested extracts were found to be active on α-amylase inhibition. Discussion and conclusion: The present study demonstrated that among the compounds isolated from CH2Cl2 fraction of F. bracteata roots, coumarins were determined the main chemical constituents of this fraction. This study aims to give first report on isolation and characterization of the bioactive compounds from root extracts of F. bracteata and to report α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of this species. Keywords: Ferulago bracteata; Apiaceae; α-glucosidase; αamylase; coumarin; peucedanol-2′-benzoate.

KEYWORDS Ferulago bracteata; Apiaceae; α-glucosidase; α-amylase; coumarin; peucedanol-2′-benzoate.

Corresponding Author: SONGÜL KARAKAYA, ecz-songul@hotmail.com 1 ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ 2 ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ

1102

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1037

ASSOCIATION OF PROBIOTIC AND PREBIOTICS WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE, INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY AND ZONULIN ASSOCIATED WITH POLICYSTIC OVER SYNDROME 1

ELIF ÇELİK , GAMZE AKBULUT

ABSTRACT Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age in the world. According to the National Institute of Health (NIH) prevalence is reported as 6-10%, while prevalence according to Rotterdam criteria is reported as 15%. Insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia are complications associated with PCOS. In particular, insulin resistance is one of the most important complications associated with PCOS. Many factors affecting insulin resistance are addressed in PCOS and also intestinal permeability is one of these factors. Disruption of the gut microbiota by various factors may lead to increased intestinal permeability, which may lead to lower levels of inflammation and the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with factors such as menstrual disorder, obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Zonulin is a parameter that shows the change in intestinal permeability. Intestinal permeability is associated with an increase in the level of zonulin. Individuals with PCOS have increased levels of zonulin and are linked to insulin resistance. Probiotics and prebiotics are shown in many studies in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal permeability. They may be effective on PCOS-related parameters. A number of studies are carried out on the effects of probiotics and prebiotics on insulin resistance, obesity and intestinal permeability, but there are few studies directly affect on polycystic over syndrome . Probiotic supplementation on women with PCOS significantly effect fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin concentration, insulin resistance, β-cell function, and serum triglyceride levels and may have beneficial effects on PCOS semptoms . Similarly, probiotics effective on intestinal permeability and zonulin. In addition to probiotics, prebiotics are affect gut microbiota, insulin resistance and intestinal permeability. In this way, both prebiotics and probiotics may be effective on PCOS-related symptoms. However, increasing the study done directly on individuals with PCOS will help to ensure that this relationship is shown.

KEYWORDS polycystic over syndrome, insulin resistance, zonulin, probiotic, prebiotic

Corresponding Author: ELİF ÇELİK, elifcelik145@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1103

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1038

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS GROWN IN OPEN POND 1

YUSUF CAN GERÇEK , YIĞIT SABRI ÜNLÜ , EHSAN SARAYLOO , SALIM ŞIMŞEK , HANDE MORGIL , MAHMUT 1 1 ÇALIŞKAN , GÜL CEVAHIR ÖZ

ABSTRACT Microalgal species, especially those grown in outdoor cultivation systems need a wide tolerance to environmental conditions. Geographical location and climatic conditions, especially temperature and solar radiation are the main environmental factors affecting lipid productivity (Radolfi, 2009; Hindersin,2014). Generally, high added value compounds can be extracted from microalgae, such as fatty acids (linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic acids, etc.), pigments (carotenoids and ficobiliproteins), biochemically stable isotopes and vitamins such as biotin, vitamins C and E; also some metabolites appear to have some pharmacological activities, among others the anticholesterolemic, antitumoral, immunomodulatory, antibacterial and antimycotic ones (Converti,2009). Chlorella has been the oldest commercial application of microalgae. Green algae have the bulk of their fatty acids as saturated and unsaturated C18, a composition similar to that of vegetable oils (Benemann and Oswald 1996). C. vulgaris, a fresh-water, fast-growing green alga, has different lipid production capabilities (30–40% of dry weight) under stress conditions. İn this study, Chlorella vulgaris were cultivated in 3-ton and 10-ton capacity open ponds with Bold’s Basal medium and added sodium bicarbonat for the additional CO2 source. Cells were harvested 6 weeks after cultivation and dried in the oven at 65°C. After that dried cells were powdered by using mortar. Total lipid was extracted with n-hexane (60C) for 6 h using a Soxhlet extractor and FAMEs were prepared using boron trifluoride in methanol (20% of BF3 in methanol) and extracted with n-hexane and then analyzed by GC-MS.

KEYWORDS Chlorella vulgaris, fatty acid, soxhlet

Corresponding Author: YUSUF CAN GERÇEK, yusuf.gercek@istanbul.edu.tr 1 İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 KOÇ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1104

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1039

THE EFFECT OF GREEN COFFEE BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS ON OBESITY 1

ELIF ÇELİK , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , BÜŞRA ATABİLEN

ABSTRACT Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide. It is stated that nowadays about 600 million adults and 41 million children are overweight and obese. Obesity Type 2 DM is associated with many diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and non-alcoholic liver disease. There are many factors affecting obesity such as genetics, increased energy intake, culture, and inadequate physical activity. Depending on these factors, various treatments such as diet regimens, lifestyle modification, physical activity, surgery are applied in the treatment of obesity. However, since each treatment method has certain limitations, the use of functional foods in body weight control has become a research topic. Coffee is also one of these foods and it is a complex structure composed of chemical components. The chemical composition is influenced by the coffee bean species (Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora), roasting and infusion. Chemical composition of green coffee beans before roasting: 6.5-10% chlorogenic acid (CA), 1.2-2.2% caffeine, 10-16% lipids containing special diterpene (Cafestol and kahweol), 0.7-1.0% trigonellin, 45-52% carbohydrates, 11% protein and 4.24.4% mineral. The roasted coffee has a special aroma, taste and color due to the chemical reaction, and a large number of positive bioactive components are formed during the roasting process. Chlorogenic acids (CAs) are polyphenol compounds found in the seeds of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. In general, the amount of commercial ground coffee varies depending on the roasting degree and the percentage of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora seeds in the mixture. Green coffee is a rich source of chlorogenic acid derived from unroasted coffee beans and a source of caffeine. Chlorogenic acids exhibit a variety of biological activities, including the ability to alter antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as high antimutagenic, anticancerogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In addition to these features, there are both animal and human studies showing that body weight loss, fat tissue hormone regulation, triglyceride levels, body fat percentage are also effective. Possible effects on loss of body weight of green coffea, lipolytic effect on adipocytes, reduction of pancreatic lipase, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, increase of hydroxymethyl glutaryl CoA reductase and acetyl Coa cholesterol acyl transferase, increase of AMP-active protein kinase-1 levels according to the results obtained from studies And reducing acetyl CoA carboxylase activity. However, the bioavailability and anti-obesity effect of coffea consumption with other foods, medicines and bioactive component requires further research.

KEYWORDS green coffee, obesity, body weight, chlorogenic acid

Corresponding Author: ELİF ÇELİK, elifcelik145@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1105

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1040

OPTIMIZATION OF HERBAL TEA FORMULATION PRODUCED FROM AROMATIC PLANTS 1

SERENAY AŞIK , TUĞÇE ATBAKAN , ZEHRA KASIMOĞLU , AYHAN TOPUZ

ABSTRACT Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a specie from Theacea family grown in humid regions. Leaves and buds of tea are used as beverage after extraction in hot water. Tea is one of the mostly consumed beverage around the world due to its aromatic and refreshing properties. However, some people cannot consume tea due caffeine sensitivity. Therefore, these people consume herbal beverages obtained from different plants. Additionally, consumption of herbal tea increases progressively due to their health beneficial and immune regulation effects. Different plants such as hibiscus, lemon peel, mint and clove are used for production of herbal tea Hibiscus, caffeine-free plant, supports immune system due to its high Vitamin C content. It decreases cardiovascular diseases risk, and regulates blood pressure. Lemon peel inhibits free radicals and supports immune system. Mint has also a lot of benefits on human health, especially on respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. Clove is used for therapeutic purposes on mouth and dental health. In addition, clove is good for tiredness and used for cold cure. In the present study, hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa), lemon peel (Citrus lemon), mint (Mentha spicata) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) were used for production of mixed herbal tea with high content of phenolics and sensorial acceptability. A mixture design with 20 different experiments were created using Design Expert software. Total phenolic content and sensory properties of the tea produced using each mixtures were evaluated as response. Optimum herbal tea formulation were calculated as 0.380% of hibiscus, 0.472 of lemon peel and 0.148% of clove . The optimum formulation was produced in three replicates and total phenolic content and sensory properties (using hedonic scale) were determined. taste, flavor and appearance point of optimum formulation were 6.07, 8.32 and 8.75, respectively. In addition, total phenolic content of herbal tea was determined as 558 mg GAE/g dm. Sensorial acceptability of optimum herbal tea produced in present research was found to be high.

KEYWORDS Hibiscus, Clove, Mint, Lemon Peel, Mixed Herbal Tea, Total Phenolic Content

Corresponding Author: SERENAY AŞIK, serenayask@gmail.com 1 AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1106

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1041

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF RICE BRAN 1

HÜSEYIN BOZ , KAMIL EMRE GERÇEKASLAN

TE D

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the main grain crops and consumed by over half of the world’s population, especially in Asia. It is emphasized that there is a relationship between white rice consumption and many diseases such as cardiovascular and diabetes, especially in low-middle income countries. On the other hand, it is stated that the brown rice had many components, which has the beneficial effect on human health, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, vitamins, phenolic substances, dietary fiber, and γ-oryzanol. Although brown rice has the high nutritional composition and beneficial physiological properties, brown rice consumption is very limited because of its undesired sensorial properties and poor cooking properties. The rice bran contains approximately 11-22% fat, 11-17% protein, 6-14% fiber, 10-15% moisture and 8-17% ash. It is also particularly rich vitamins (especially vitamin E, thiamine, niacin) and minerals (aluminum, calcium, chlorine, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, zinc). Additionally, the rice bran also contains important nutraceutical components such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, tricin, coumaric acid. Because of this, the rice bran is one of the valuable by-products of the food industry. The aim of this review, to give an information about the biologically active compounds of rice bran and their beneficial effects on human health.

Rice bran, nutraceutics, γ-oryzanol

Corresponding Author: KAMİL EMRE GERÇEKASLAN, emre@nevsehir.edu.tr 1 ATATÜRK UNİV., TOURİSM FAC., GASTRONOMY AND CULİNARY ARTS DEPT., 25240 ERZURUM, TURKEY. 2 NEVŞEHİR HACI BEKTAŞ VELİ UNİV., ENGİNEERİNG-ARCHİTECTURE FAC., FOOD ENGİNERİNG DEPT., 50300 NEVŞEHİR, TURKEY.

1107

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1043

AS A PROTECTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC AGENT AGAINST ALZHEIMER’S: CURCUMIN 1

BÜŞRA ATABİLEN , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , HILAL BETÜL ALTINTAŞ

ABSTRACT Alzheimer's is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease that affects 27 million people worldwide. Alzheimer's may be developed according as many pathophysiological conditions. Studies that have been done over the last two decades are to understand underlying causes of Alzheimer's and to develop new protective and therapeutic methods. For this reason, recent studies have focused on spices that have flavor, coloring or protective properties as well as effects of reducing the risk of chronic diseases. In particular curcumin, a component of turmeric, is being investigated for its use in the treatment of Alzheimer's. In 2000, Ganguli et al. have reported a lower prevalence of Alzheimer's in India where people consume curcumin as part of the curry spice compared to the United States or Ng et al. have indicated that cognitive performance was better in elderly individuals who often consume curry. These studies pioneered in vivo and in vitro studies in order to investigate the protective effects of curcumin on alzheimer's. For example, in a small study in Japan, 3 patients with Alzheimer's were treated with 100 mg/day of curcumin for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, the mini-mental status assessment scale score was significantly increased in only one of the patients. However, the patients began to remember their families within a year. Also in studies performed in different mouse models, curcumin supplementation at different doses decreased ß-amyloid plaque formation, reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory factors. At the same time, an increase in cognitive performance after treatment was observed. Several mechanisms related to the protective and therapeutic properties of curcumin on alzheimer have been proposed. These: • Curcumin is a powerful antioxidant. With this feature, it protects against protein oxidation. • It is reported that it suppresses early growth response-1 (Egr-1) activation due to its anti-inflammatory effect. This may represent a potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's. • It has the ability to bind iron, copper and zinc effectively. This inhibits nuclear factor kappa (NF-k) induction and plays a protective role against metal-induced neurotoxicity. • Because it has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, it binds directly to small ß-amyloid oligomers, prevents β-amyloid accumulation and toxicity. • Curcumin reduces hypercholesterolemia, which can play an active role in alzheimer's development, through upregulation of apolipoprotein A1, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) -receptor genes. • It stimulates embryonic neuronal cell proliferation and hippocampal neurogenesis. • Curcumin, promotes neuronal protective effect in the brain by increasing expression of heat shock protein (Hsp). As a result, curcumin has the potential to be a protective and therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's. Although not in sufficient numbers, in most of the studies have been reported that curcumin have beneficial effects on Alzheimer's. It has also been recently tested for its utility as a diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's because of its natural fluorescence and affinity for binding to ßamyloid protein. In addition to the positive properties, low bioavailability of oral curcumin restricts its protective or therapeutic role. To increase curcumin’s bioavailability, addition of components such as Corresponding Author: BÜŞRA ATABİLEN, busra.atbln@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1108

piperine to the formulations may interact with the drugs. Alternatively, the use of curcumin at high doses to achieve the desired effect may stimulate an increase in reactive oxygen species. For this reason, the acceptable intake quantity determined by The Joint FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and WHO (World Health Organization) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) should not exceed 0-3 mg/kg/day.

KEYWORDS curcumin, alzheimerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, protective and therapeutic

1109

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1044

TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF MIXED HERBAL TEA PRODUCED FROM DIFFERENT AROMATIC PLANTS 1

TUĞÇE ATBAKAN , SERENAY AŞIK , ZEHRA KASIMOĞLU , AYHAN TOPUZ

ABSTRACT Tea is a beverage produced by boiling or infusing of tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves. Tea is the mostly consumed beverage in the world after water. Herbal teas are also consumed frequently due to its aromatic properties and beneficial health effects. Herbal Tea can be described as “beverages obtained from processed fruit or plants”. Those are also prepared in hot water via decoction or infusion. Demand of aromatic plants such as ginger, licorice, cinnamon and cardamom for production of herbal tea increases day by day due to their beneficial effects on human health. Ginger is an aromatic plant which is rich in carbohydrates, essential oils, Vitamin A and C. It is frequently used for treatment of stomach disorders. Additionally, it is good for throat ache and helpful for detoxication. Similarly, licorice is used in treatment of throat ache and cough for many years. Cinnamon is used for treatment diabetes mellitus due to its reducing effect on blood glucose level. It is also effective on the sniffles, cold and flu. Although cardamom is not known adequately in Turkey, it has a lot of beneficial effects on human health. Especially, it is used against digestion problems deodorization of bad breath. In addition, it is an appetizing plant and can be used for failure to thrive problems. In the present study, to produce a mixed herbal tea with high phenolic content and sensorial acceptability, ginger (Zingiber officinale), licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and cardamom (Eletteria serrula) were used. A mixture design including 20 different herbal tea mix was created using Design Expert program. Total phenolic content and sensory analysis results were used as response of the mixture design. According to optimization results, 0.072%, 0.765% and 0.163% of licorice, cinnamon and cardamom were determined as optimum formulation, respectively. Total phenolic content and sensory analysis (with 9 points hedonic scale) were carried out for mixed herbal tea produced at optimum conditions. Sensory properties of taste, flavor and appearance were determined as 6.75, 7.69 and 7.44, respectively. Total phenolic content of the optimized formulation was determined as 369.95 mg GAE/g dm. The experimental values of the sensorial properties and total phenolic content of optimum formulation were in agreement with theoretical values. Herbal tea formulation determined in the present study was highly acceptable by consumers.

KEYWORDS Licorice, Cinnamon, Ginger, Cardamom, Mixed Herbal Tea, Total Phenolic Content

Corresponding Author: TUĞÇE ATBAKAN, tugceatbakan@gmail.com 1 AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1110

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1045

LAUREL REHABILITATION OZAN ACUN

ABSTRACT Any kind of vegetable (fruit, seed, flower, leaf, bark, root, shoot, onion, tuber, rhizome, mushroom etc.) that grow in the forests and openings and that people and other living beings use to supply their own needs or to provide income. (FOCUS). Can be defined as Non-Wood Forest Products (ODOÜ). Can be defined as Non-Wood Forest Products (ODOÜ). The main Asian homeland is in Asia Minor and in the Balkans, all green is a vegetation type. It is one of the characteristic plants of the Mediterranean and the Mediterranean is called the Lauretum zone of the Mediterranean region. Bay, one of the 40 genera of the Laureceae family, grows naturally in the coastal waters of the Aegean, Mediterranean and Black Sea regions of our country. The leaves are in an elliptical structure and are tough or rough like the skin. They are 5-10 cm in length and 2-4 cm in width. The edges of leaves are slightly wavy. 'The number of shoots in the January is the leaf yield and the blockages of the shoots are made and animation sections are made and it is tried to determine how many shoots should be left in the shoot dilution process.The defoliation can be seen in almost all different environments of growth (wet creek, rocky rocky areas) within the area. Detections were made according to the Braun-Blanquet scale. After the necessary examinations, determinations and sample procurement were completed, firstly the cover against the area was cut off and lastly the animation section was applied on the treasure hobs. 2013 and 2015 were cleaned twice in the area. At the end of the project, deflaze leaf was produced and weighed in full area, in quarries. In the analysis of the data; Variance Analysis, Duncan Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test were used. As a result of the statistics, it is evaluated that the dropout process in the first group and the first one, which is located in the first rank, can be implemented.

KEYWORDS Laurel Rehabilitation

Corresponding Author: OZAN ACUN, ozanacun@ogm.gov.tr 1 ZONGULDAK ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1111

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1046

SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF SEA BUCKTHORN (HIPPOPHAE RHAMNOIDES L.) SEED AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION 1

ALIYE ARAS PERK , YUSUF CAN GERÇEK , FATMA DUYGU CEYLAN , ŞÜHEYDA GÜLŞEN , ONUR YANAR , 1 2 MEVZULE YAZGAN , ESRA ÇAPANOĞLU

ABSTRACT Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a bush that grows wildly in the mountain regions of the middle and southeastern Asia and Europe. Its fruit are berries of orange to red colour and have an acid, lightly bitter taste. They contain many vitamins (B, C, E, K, provitamin A) and other biologically active substances. The main products obtained from the fruit are juice rich in vitamin C and oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Seabuckthorn berry oil having high nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and therapeutic activity has been extracted from dried seabuckthorn (SBT) whole berry powder using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), a green process for extraction of bioactives. Wild Turkey berries of Hippophae rhamnoides L. were collected from twenty-one different locations. Seeds were isolated from berries. For each experiment, dried SBT berry seed was subjected to SCCO2 extraction. Fatty acid methyl esters in the sea buckthorn extract were determined by GC–MS. The dominating fatty acids in seed oils were oleic (18-33 %), linoleic (11-32%), alfa linoleic (9-21%). The seed of sea buckthorn berries are rich in lipid which is rare in the plant kingdom. The studied samples of sea buckthorn from Turkey have proven to be potential sources of valuable oils.

KEYWORDS Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Fatty acids, Supercritical carbondioxide extraction

Corresponding Author: YUSUF CAN GERÇEK, yusuf.gercek@istanbul.edu.tr 1 İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 İSTANBUL TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1112

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1047

THE IMPORTANCE OF CHIA (SALVIA HISPANICA L.) PLANT AND POSSIBILITIES OF CULTIVATION 1

UĞUR TAN , OLCAY ARABACI , HATICE KÜBRA GÖREN

ABSTRACT Salvia hispanica L. is a flowering plant that has edible seeds of the Labiatae family and known as chia. Salvia hispanica L. seeds are a traditional food of Central and South America. The 16th Century Codex Mendoza records indicate that the plant was cultured in pre-Columbian times and those seeds were used at that time. In addition that It has been reported that seed was used as a body moisturizer (medicine), varnishing of pottery etc. (oil) and edible in the form of mushes roasting or without roasting Chia seeds contain 15-25% protein, 30-33% fat (alpha-linolenic acid) (ALA), 26-41% carbohydrates, 18-30% fiber, 4-5% ash, 90-93% dry matter. Additionally, it contains high antioxidant. In recent years, heart and vascular diseases, diabetes and obesity have increased in the worldwide and in Turkey year after year. Malnutrition plays a major role in the occurrence of these conditions. People who have come to realize that have searched for healthier foods (Novel Food) than those traditionally ones for health. The interest on this plant has been increased due to conducted studies about Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) that proof that valuable resource for human health and nutrition. For that reason, it is necessary to include Salvia hispanica in the cultivation and breeding programs and produce it like other traditional field crops. Thus, new, nutritious, healthy and healing alternative food source that people can edible will be offered. In this article, importance and possibility of cultivation of chia plant were investigated.

KEYWORDS Salvia hispanica L., Chia, nutritional value, breeding, cultivation.

Corresponding Author: HATİCE KÜBRA GÖREN, hkubra.goren@adu.edu.tr 1 ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ

1113

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1048

EFFECTS OF PROBIOTICS ON MENTAL HEALTH 1

BÜŞRA ATABİLEN , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , ELIF ÇELİK , YELIZ SERİN

ABSTRACT Between the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system, there is a two-sided and functional relationship involving anatomic connections such as the vagus nerve, the immune system, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis). The other key component involved in this relationship is the intestinal microbiota. It has recently been thought that the microbiota-intestine-brain axis plays an important role in the neurodevelopmental phase. Therefore, microbial changes are associated with the development of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as anxiety, depression, alzheimer's, parkinsonism and autism. The increasing prevalence of these diseases, which affect mental health negatively, has accelerated the studies that study microbiota and the healing effect of probiotics on microbiota. Although studies on humans are still inadequate, the data obtained from these studies show that probiotics have therapeutic effects on depression and anxiety. It was also observed that probiotic supplementation in individuals with Alzheimer's disease significantly improved their mini-mental status assessment score. In addition to studies on humans, studies are also carried out in different animal models. According to the results of these studies, it has been found that supplements containing different probiotic species reduced anxiety and depression findings in animal models. Because each of the probiotic bacteria has different feature, many mechanisms have been proposed for the positive effects of probiotics on mental health: • Mental health-related diseases are associated with factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased release of inflammatory cytokines. Probiotics control glutathione levels by increasing glutamate-cysteine ligase activity. Thus, affecting the local and systemic antioxidant status; probiotics positively influence mental health. • Lactobacillus and bifidobacteria species on the gastrointestinal tract are important in the synthesis of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). Gamma-aminobutyric acid is an inhibitor-specific neurotransmitter that increases release in neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. At the same time, acetylcholine neurotransmitter, which is important in cognitive events such as memory, concentration is synthesized by subspecies of lactobacillus. Probiotics can affect mental health positively by providing the proliferation of beneficial bacteria that play a role in the synthesis of GABA and acetylcholine. • Approximately 90% of serotonin is expressed in enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. For this reason, intestinal microbiota, which controls the production of serotonin, can directly affect the functions of the central nervous system. Or the probiotics can increase the plasma level of tryptophan, the precursor of serotonin. The kynurenic acid resulting from the metabolism of the tryptophan has neuroprotective effect. • Probiotics regulate central nervous system functions by acting on intestinal barrier permeability. Because intestinal barrier permeability is essential for maintaining of the immunity and the nervous system. Increased permeability of insteinal barrier has been associated with diseases such as depression and autism. • Reducing corticosteroid response, it alleviates the HPA stress responses having an impact on emotional state and mood. • Improving carbohydrate malabsorption positively, probiotics can affect Corresponding Author: BÜŞRA ATABİLEN, busra.atbln@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1114

mental health. As a result, changes in intestinal microbiota may cause changes in the central nervous system. This information may provide to development of new strategies in the use of probiotics as an adjunct for development of cognitive and sensory aspects of mental health. At the same time, probiotics may enhance the efficacy of psychopharmacology because they influence expression of genes in the brain. This makes possible the use of pharmacological active ingredients at low doses and reducing the toxic side effects of the components.

KEYWORDS probiotics, mental health, intestinal microbiota

1115

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1049

LIQUORICE AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD 1

MUSA SERDAR AKIN , MUTLU BUKET AKIN , BÜŞRA GÖNCÜ

ABSTRACT Liquorice, or licorice, is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a herbaceous perennial legume native to southern Europe and parts of Asia, such as India. The liquorice plant grows widely in our country especially in South, Central and Eastern Anatolia. It is not botanically related to anise, star anise, or fennel, which are sources of similar flavouring compounds. The composition of liquorice are gum-starch (26-42%), moisture (1317%), ash (6-9%), sucrose (6-12%), invert sugars (6-9%), glycyrrhizin ) and resin (4-8%). The scent of liquorice root comes from a complex and variable combination of compounds, of which anethole is up to 3% of total volatiles. Much of the sweetness in liquorice comes from glycyrrhizin, which has a sweet taste, 30–50 times the sweetness of sugar. The sweetness is very different from sugar, being less instant, tart, and lasting longer. Liquorice is used as a flavouring agent for tobacco, candies, sweeteners, yogurt or ice cream. It is used as a sweet, mouth freshener or drink many countries, such as Netherlands, Italy, Spain, France, Syria, Egypt and Turkey.In yorkshire ponferact cakes originally made from liquoris. Liquorice is used by brewers to flavour and colour porter classes of beers. In Calabria/Italy a popular liqueur is made from pure liquorice extract. Liquorice extracts have a number of medical uses, and they are also used in herbal and folk medications. The isoflavene glabrene and the isoflavane glabridin, found in the roots of liquorice, are phytoestrogens. The compound glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid), has also demonstrated antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and blood pressure-increasing effects in vitro and in vivo, as is supported by the finding that intravenous glycyrrhizin (as if it is given orally very little of the original drug makes it into circulation) slows the progression of viral and autoimmune hepatitis. In one clinical trial liquorice demonstrated promising activity, when applied topically, against atopic dermatitis. Additionally, liquorice may be effective in treating hyperlipidaemia (a high amount of fats in the blood). Liquorice has also demonstrated efficacy in treating inflammation-induced skin hyperpigmentation. Liquorice may also be useful in preventing neurodegenerative disorders and dental caries. The antiulcer, laxative, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumour and expectorant properties of liquorice have been investigated.Glycyrrhizin has been proposed as being useful for liver protection in tuberculosis therapy, but evidence does not support this use, which may in fact be harmful. Excessive consumption of liquorice (more than 2mg/kg/day of pure glycyrrhizinic acid, a liquorice component) may result in adverse effects, and overconsumption should be suspected clinically in patients presenting with otherwise unexplained hypokalemia and muscle weakness.

KEYWORDS Liquorice, composition, functional food, medical uses Corresponding Author: MUSA SERDAR AKIN, sakin@harran.edu.tr 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1116

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1050

MEDICINAL PLANT POTENTIAL OF BALIKESIR 1

FATIH SATIL , SELAMI SELVI , GÜLENDAM TÜMEN

ABSTRACT This study carried out between 2014 and 2016 was done to identify the medicinal plants spreading at flora of Balıkesir and to reveal the medicinal and aromatic plant potential of Balıkesir. For this purpose, herbariums of plant specimens collected periodically in different regions of Balıkesir were done. In the determination of medicinal plants; both Commission E, Pharmacopoeia and various Monographs were used, as well as species used local people with field studies were identified. As a result of the research; 144 genera and 179 taxa belonging to 61 families could be seen included in the potential medicinal plant class. The families to be the highest number of taxa are; Lamiaceae (33 taxa), Asteraceae (21 taxa) and Rosaceae (15 taxa), respectively. Also, 59 taxa are registered in Commission E and various Pharmacopoeia with Monographs. According to the results obtained in the study, it was seen that the plants were mostly used with the infusion method by local people. With this study, it is seen that Balıkesir has a quite rich medicinal plant potency and of this wealth could be seen contributed to the pharmaceutical sector by making a significant contribution to the country's economy.

KEYWORDS Medicinal plants, Flora, Medicine, Balıkesir

Corresponding Author: FATİH SATIL, fsatil@gmail.com 1 BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1117

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1051

HAVE ECONOMIC POTENTIALS WOODEN OUTDOOR PRODUCTS INTRODUCTION GUIDE OZAN ACUN

ABSTRACT Our country has diversity of genetic, flora, fauna and ecosystem to show continental character. Approximately 3,000 of these are endemic to my country, with a plant diversity expressed in approximately 12,000 taxa. Our forests are not only rich in biodiversity but also rich in wood products. It can not be said that the forestry sector has benefited from the non-wood forest products sufficiently. The purpose of preparing this work is; Identify the value of the country's economy by identifying the presentations, production, processing and marketing of non-wood forest products and the solutions to them. By applying this work to practice; The result of employment of forestry engineers, forestry industry engineers and similar technical personnel in the process of processing and improving the forest village, reducing the pressure on the forest, production of non-wood forest products and procurement, marketing and consumption of raw materials . In addition to creating added value to the country's economy, it may also be possible to provide foreign currency entry by exporting. With this book, the promotion and promotion of non-wood forest products which are not explained to this day is done. This work also has the feature of becoming a source in our educational times. Local people in Zonguldak, Bartın and Karabük earn these economies by collecting and selling these products which are grown at the end. Preliminary evaluations made are not as many as the number of people in this person. Losses of detected products. These provide the wrong collection, drying and storage conditions. The most important condition of a sustainable use is not to damage the resources. During this time we have to evaluate the eye contact in his time. The purpose of this guide is to introduce better forest products without Zonguldak, Bartın and Karabük. Sustainable production is essential.

KEYWORDS HAVE ECONOMIC POTENTIALS WOODEN OUTDOOR PRODUCTS INTRODUCTION GUIDE

Corresponding Author: OZAN ACUN, ozanacun@ogm.gov.tr 1 ZONGULDAK ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1118

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1052

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BLACKTHORN (PRUNUS SPINOSA L.) EXTRACTS ON SOME SELECTED MICROORGANISMS 1

TE D

MUHAMMED ZEKI DURAK , GULSUM UCAK , EZGI METİN

ABSTRACT

Blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) generally grows wild in the Thrace region of Turkey. It is a deciduous large shrub or a small tree growing up to 5 meters in height. The extracts of fresh blackthorn contains high amount of polyphenolic compounds which can suppress the negative effect of free radicals in the organism. For this reason, they possess health benefits such as free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial action of aqueous extracts from Prunus spinosa L. fresh fruit on nine bacterial strains (B. subtilis ATCC 6633, E.coli ATCC 25922, P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC, L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, E.coli O157:H7 ATCC 43888 and S. aureus ATCC 25923) and two fungal strains (S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and Candida albicans ATCC 10251). Blackthorn fruit was obtained from Çanakkale, Turkey. The stone of fruit was removed and the remaining material was grounded via a blender. Twenty (20) gram of sample was weighed and extracted with 200 mL of %75 ethanol at room temperature with shaker for 2 h. After filtering and centrifuging the resulting aqueous solution, the supernatant was evaporated at 50 °C in a rotary evaporator. The concentrated solution was dried at 50 °C for overnight in an oven and the initial concentration was designated with sterile distillated water as 1g/mL. Antimicrobial tests were carried out by disc diffusion method in which antibacterial activity was evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition against test microbial strains. Ethanol fruit extract showed antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria. The antifungal activity was tested against two organisms S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763 and Candida albicans ATCC 10251. The investigated extract exhibits antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae ATCC 9763. S. cerevisiae ATCC was more susceptible to the extracts than all tested microorganisms. L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932 was showed the highest antimicrobial activity among the others pathogen bacteria. These results showed that Candida albicans ATCC 10251 was found the most resistant among the microorganisms tested against blackthorn extract, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816. A long as the concentration of the extract decreased, the level of antibacterial activity and the size of inhibition zone alleviated directly. In general, the inhibition zones of microorganisms were ranged from 8.00 mm to 31.75 mm. On the basis of obtained results, we concluded that the investigated blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) fruit extract have significant antimicrobial activity.

KEYWORDS Prunus spinosa L., Antimicrobial Activity, Disk Diffusion Method, Corresponding Author: MUHAMMED ZEKİ DURAK, mzd2@cornell.edu 1 YİLDİZ TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY

1119

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1053

EFFECTS OF PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA ON MALE INFERTILITY 1

MUSA TATAR , TUĞBA TATAR

ABSTRACT Infertility is an important health problem which affects one in six couples. Male-originated factors cause infertility approximately 60%. Many factors such as physical activity, environmental pollution, using of certain drugs or alcohol and tobacco, and nutrition influence reproductive functions. Among these factors, the effects of nutrition on reproductive functions have been particularly noted in recent years. Consumption of some foods can cause sperm quality to increase or decrease in men. For example; decrease in the consumption of vegetables and fruits reduces the intake of antioxidants. Therefore sperm quality is affected negatively. Herbal antioxidants protect the sperm from oxidative stress and help to survive. The date palm (phoenix dactylifera) which has been grown in Southwest Asia and Northern Africa, has a high antioxidant composition. Composition of the date palm contains approximately 3942 mg/100 g of carotenoid and phenolic compounds and 80400 µg/100 g of antioxidant compounds. In studies, the administrations of date palm products with different doses cause an increase in FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol hormone levels, a significant increase in weights of the testicle and epididymis of rats and have positive effects on spermatogenesis and sperm parameters such as an increase in sperm count and motility. It is observed an increase in Leydig cells which produce testosterone, sperm concentration in seminiferous tubules and a decrease in testicular DNA damage and adverse effect created by infertility agent on spermatogenesis. There is an association between sex hormones and sperm parameters. FSH hormone facilitates spermatogenesis in seminferous tubules via binding sertoli cells. Decrease in testosterone levels causes lower sperm concentrations in the epididymis. Estrogen regulates reabsorption of the luminal fluid on head of epididymis that leads more concentrated sperms. Increase in sex hormones is an indicator for increase in secretory activity that causes an increase in weights of the testicles and epididymis. In conclusion, antioxidant factors within composition of the date palm have an efficient role on spermatogenic cells and may be useful to prevent and treat infertility.

KEYWORDS Date Palm, Phoenix Dactylifera, Infertility

Corresponding Author: MUSA TATAR, musatatar88@hotmail.com 1 MEHMET AKİF ERSOY ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1120

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1054

AMASYA REGIONAL DIRECTORATE OF FORESTRY RESEARCH ON POTENTIAL OF RUSCUS ACULEATUS 1

ZEKERIYYA NANE , MUTLU TURAN

ABSTRACT There are significant deficiencies in the production studies of non-wood forest products work in our country's forestry. Problems arise about continuous and planned operation of non-wood forest products that meet the raw material demands of many industries such as food, medicine, cosmetics. One of the most important reasons of the problems is that the inventory studies of non-wood forest products have not been done sufficiently. Within this scope, inventory studies of non-wood forest product were started in 2013, Amasya Regional Directorate of Forestry. It is aimed that planned production and marketing with inventory of Ruscus aculeatus used in alternative medicine and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the distribution areas, growth environment characteristics, production and marketing issues of the Ruscus aculeatus L which is naturally found in the Amasya Regional Directorate of Forestry, Bafra Forest Management Directorate, Ondokuzmayıs Enterprise will be revealed and application results will be evaluated.

KEYWORDS Amasya Regional Directorate of Forestry, Ruscus aculeatus L.

Corresponding Author: MUTLU TURAN, mutluturan@ogm.gov.tr 1 AMASYA ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1121

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1055

THE USE OF BETALAINS AS NATURAL COLOR MATERIALS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1

TE D

HÜSEYIN GENÇCELEP

ABSTRACT

THE USE OF BETALAINS AS NATURAL COLOR MATERIALS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTH Hüseyin GENÇCELEP Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Samsun Betalaines are structurally water-soluble nitrogenous pigments and contains a derivative of nitrogen, betalamic acid. Red beet is the only source approved and approved for use in food and pharmaceutical products for betalain coloring matter. Betalamic acid forms different structures as a result of biosynthesis with various molecules. These structures are generally called betaxanthin and betacyanin. Betaxanthin is yellow color pigment and betasiyanin are red-violet pigments. In the investigations conducted, about 50-70 betalaine were detected. 50% of these are betasiyanin; and 20% is the betaxanthins. It is known that many factors influence the stability of betalaines. The degree of glycosylation and acylation in the high affects positively the low water activity, the presence of antioxidant, the pH 3-7 range, the pigment content of the plant in the low temperature and dense nitrogen environment. On the other hand, it is suggested that temperature, light, oxygen, high water activity, low degree of glycosylation, low acylation and existence of metal ions negatively affects. The optimum pH for the enzymatic degradation of both betacillins and betaxanthins has been reported to be about 3.4. Red beet is quite rich in color pigment called betalaine. This color can be used as a coloring agent in food and pharmaceutical products by making pigment into a powder. Betalins have a wide range of biological activities including antioxidants, antiinflammatory, hepato-protective and anti-cancer properties. Antioxidant properties of betalaines and phenolic acids have been reported to prevent age-related diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It is also reported that antiviral and antimicrobial effects are present. The antioxidant betalaines found in the red beet are betanein and betanidine 5-O-β-glucoside. It has also been determined that betalaine in red beet showed potent health benefits such as strengthening the immune system and preventing cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, as well as free antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. The fact that it is a good electron donor thanks to a phenolic group and a cyclic amine group implies the antioxidant property. Among the betalain components in the beet, attention has been drawn to recent studies that betacyanins are usually one of the most important anti-cancer compounds. Betaine, one of the most important components of betalain, has been identified as the primary and potent compound responsible for anti-cancer effects. Betaine, isolated from red beets, has been shown to exhibit a dose-dependent growth inhibition on human chest, lung, colon, abdominal and central nervous system tumors. In conclusion, studies on the health effects of red beet pigment betalaine and studies on the anticancer effects are at an early stage and have been used in combination with strong anticancer drugs currently used to provide synergistic effects with novel studies and particularly effective dose reduction potency and reduce drug toxicity related to treatment research is needed. Corresponding Author: HÜSEYİN GENÇCELEP, genccelep@hotmail.com 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1122

KEYWORDS Natural coloring material, betalaine, betaine

1123

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1056

EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS HÜSEYIN GENÇCELEP

TE D

ABSTRACT

EDIBLE WILD MUSHROOMS AS FUNCTIONAL FOODS Hüseyin GENÇCELEP Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering Samsun Functional food "defines foods that provide a health benefit as well as stimulating nutrients. Another definition; food or food ingredients that provide additional benefits on human physiology and metabolic functions beyond the basic nutritional needs of the body so that they are effective in protecting from disease and achieving a healthier life. In addition to nutritional effects, one or more active ingredients have the effect of reducing the risk of disease-protective, corrective and /or disease risk, these effects being called scientific and clinically proven food functional foods. For centuries, macrofungi, a good source of food for human beings, as well as high protein and vitamin content, It is rich in fiber, carbohydrates and minerals and is a valuable food with a low fat content. Fungi are separated from other vegetables because they have easy digestible proteins. Important amino acids in the composition of edible fungi are vitamins B (thiamin, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, biotin) and vitamins C, D and K. Cooked or edible fungi processed by various methods are a good dietary component for vegetarians because of their superiority in nutrition. It is also suitable for the consumption of diabetics and heart patients. Since it is rich in folic acid, mushrooms are used to treat anemia. In addition, macrofungi are rich in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron and copper. The dry matter content of fresh mushrooms is relatively low, ie around 10%, and predominantly consists of carbohydrate, protein, fiber and minerals. The composition of the mushroom contains 90.7% water, 3.5% protein, 0.3% fat, 4.5% carbohydrate and 1% mineral matter. In the production of ready-made soup and pizza raw materials, various sauces and baby foods, dried mushrooms are used as an auxiliary material. The quantities of important minerals generally found in wild growing fungi; Sodium 100-400, Potassium 20,000-40,000, Calcium 100-500, Chlorine 1000-6000, Magnesium 8001800, Phosphorus 5000-10000 and Sulfur 1000-3000 mg/kg of arsenic are present. It also contains iron 30-150 and selenium 0.5-20 mg/kg. Mushrooms contain different secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, terpenes and steroids. Fungal phenolics are both an excellent antioxidant and a non-mutagenic active chemical component and it has been determined that there is a correlation between the antioxidant activities of some edible fungi and the total amount of phenolic compounds. Fungi are widely found in fat, carbohydrate, fiber, protein, essential amino acids and other amino acids, some minerals important for nutrition (P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu). It contains substances such as thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, tocopherol, vitamin D, flavor and taste compounds, antioxidants as well as organic compounds (lectin, adustine, carboxymethyl) and toxic elements (As, Hg, Cd, Pb) and ribonuclease and nicotine. It is possible to find fungi containing toxic minerals in large quantities depending on the growing and sometimes growing medium. Minerals in fungi compositions are not available in fungal compositions unless they have toxic-acting minerals in their compost compositions prepared from the environment in which they are grown. In the compositions of Corresponding Author: HÜSEYİN GENÇCELEP, genccelep@hotmail.com 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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the fungi, globulins, glutens, prolamins and other protein variants were also identified. The total free amino acid amounts of fungi in the dry matter content were determined to be between 1.5 and 72 g/kg. Glutamic acid was found in high amounts at 37.6 g/kg in dry matter, although methionine was determined to a very limited extent. Carbohydrates constitute half of the content of fungal dry matter. Carbohydrates are composed of various compounds: sugars (monosaccharides, derivatives and oligosaccharides) contain both reserve and building polysaccharides (glycans). As a result of studies on compositions of browned wild mushrooms, it has been determined that the compositions of the fungi vary widely depending on the medium they are grown, and that they contain very different substances in their composition. It has been shown that it is possible to produce foodstuffs with functional properties by joining alone or in combination with various foods, as it is possible to have a long shelf life with the operations to be carried out by drying.

KEYWORDS Edible wild mushroom, functional food, mushroom composition

1125

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1057

NATURAL MEDICINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY: SAFFRON (CROCUS SATIVUS L.) 1

JIYAN ASLAN CEYLAN , BÜŞRA BAŞPINAR , AYŞE ÖZFER ÖZÇELİK

ABSTRACT Plants have been used to treat many diseases throughout the history of humanity. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that they have been using herbal drugs in the first place to eliminate the health problems of nearly 4 billion people (80% of the world population) in the world. Grown in very narrow areas in Karabük (Safranbolu) and Şanlıurfa (Harran plain) in Turkey, saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a cormous plant with a high economic value among medicinal and aromatic plants in world markets. Saffron has three main metabolites: piccrocines, responsible for the bitter taste of saffron; safranal, a volatile oil responsible for aroma; and crocins, from carotene family that responsible color of saffron. Saffron, especially its crosin and safranal components, has important pharmacological characteristics such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic. Despite the large number of studies investigating various medical characteristics of saffron and its components, its potential for anti-obesity has not been adequately studied. It is thought that saffron and crocin might have significant clinical effects in terms of treatment and prevention of obesity since they help lose body weight due to the anorectic effect they have. This study aims to evaluate the potential role of saffron and its components on the pathophysiology of obesity.

KEYWORDS Saffron, Crocin, Obesity, Medicinal plants

Corresponding Author: JİYAN ASLAN CEYLAN, jynaslan@gmail.com 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1126

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1058

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ROSA CANINA L. (ROSACEAE) 1

NAGEHAN SALTAN , ÖZGÜR DEVRİM CAN

ABSTRACT ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ROSA CANINA L. (ROSACEAE) Nagehan SALTAN1, Özgür Devrim CAN2 1Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey 2Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Eskişehir, Turkey (ndagdeviren@anadolu.edu.tr) Rosaceae is a family of flowering plants whose members are of great economic value and are traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases in Turkey. Rosa canina L. (brier, dog rose, hip tree) is a plant of Rosa L. genus belonging to this family. This plant is widely distributed in particular regions of Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and South and North America [1]. In these countries, Rose hip is used as a nutritional supplement especially due to its immune system strengthening effect [2]. In Turkey, R. canina is known as “kuşburnu, yabani gül, gül burnu, gül elması, it burnu, it gülü” and used for the treatment of digestive, urinary, circulatory, respiratory system disorders, of inflammatory diseases [3]. In this study, we reviewed the previous literature reporting the pharmacological effects of R. canina with the aim of evaluating its therapeutic potentials on various disorders. For this purpose, we searched the electronic databases to collect the data and reviewed more than 95 papers published between 1997 and 2017. We focused on in vitro studies, case reports, pre-clinical and clinical papers related to the pharmacological effects of R. canina. Results of our detailed search indicated that one of the wellknown pharmacological effect of R. canina is its anti-inflammatory activity [4,5]. In addition, protective and therapeutic effects of this plant on diabetes and diabetes induced complications are also described, previously [6,7]. Furthermore, this plant has also been reported for its antioxidant [8], antiproliferative [8], anticancer [9], anti-obesity [10], anti-ulcerogenic [11], hepatoprotective [12], actinociceptive [13], and immunomodulatory [14] activities. In conclusion, results of the scientific reports seem to confirm that R. canina has a notable therapeutic potential on various diseases. However, further detailed clinical studies focusing on efficacy and toxicity of this plant, are strongly needed. Key words: Ethnopharmacology. Rosa canina, Rosaceae References [1] Nilsson O., Rosa. In P.H. Davis (Ed.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997, (pp. 106–128). [2] Eteghad, SS., Nasrabadi, HT., Aghdam, Z., Zarredar, H., Shanehbandi, D., Khayyat, L., Piran, SHS., BioImpacts ,2011, 1(4),219-224. [3] Hayta, Ş., Polat, R., Selvi, S., J, Ethnopharmacol., 154 , 2014, 613–623. [4] Cheng BC, Fu XQ, Guo H, Li T, Wu ZZ, Chan K, Yu ZL. Pharmacol. Res. 2016; 114: 219-34. [5] Lattanzio F, Greco E, Carretta D, Cervellati R, Govoni P, Speroni E. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2011; 137: 880-5. [6] Farajpour R, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Ahmadian N, Farzipour M, Mahmoudi J, Majdi A. Med. Princ. Pract. 2017, in press. [7] Taghizadeh M., Rashidi A., Taherian A., Vakili Z., Sajadian MS., Ghardashi M. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 2016; 21: NP25-30. [8] Jiménez S, Gascón S, Luquin A, Laguna M, Ancin-Azpilicueta C, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ. PLoS Corresponding Author: NAGEHAN SALTAN, ndagdeviren@anadolu.edu.tr 1 ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ FARMASÖTİK BOTANİK ABD 2 ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ FARMAKOLOJİ ABD

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One. 2016; 11: e0159136. [9] Tumbas VT, Canadanović-Brunet JM, Cetojević-Simin DD, Cetković GS, Ethilas SM, Gille L. J Sci Food Agric. 2012; 92: 1273-81. [10] Nagatomo A, Nishida N, Fukuhara I, Noro A, Kozai Y, Sato H, Matsuura Y. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2015; 8: 147-56. [11] Gürbüz I, Ustün O, Yesilada E, Sezik E, Kutsal O. J, Ethnopharmacol. 2003; 88: 93-7. [12] Sadeghi H, Hosseinzadeh S, Akbartabar Touri M, Ghavamzadeh M, Jafari Barmak M, Sayahi M, Sadeghi H. Avicenna J. Phytomed. 2016; 6: 181-8. [13] Deliorman Orhan D, Hartevioğlu A, Küpeli E, Yesilada E. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007; 11: 394-400. [14] Sadigh-Eteghad S, Tayefi-Nasrabadi H, Aghdam Z, Zarredar H, Shanehbandi D, Khayyat L, Seyyed-Piran SH. Bioimpacts 2011; 1: 219-24.

KEYWORDS Ethnopharmacology. Rosa canina, Rosaceae

1128

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1059

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM THYME, ROSEMARY AND LAUREL AGAINST FISH PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS 1

SERPIL TURAL , YÜKSEL DURMAZ , EDA URÇAR , SADETTIN TURHAN

ABSTRACT In this study, the antimicrobial activity of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and laurel (Lauris nobilis L.) essential oils against Yersinia ruckeri, Lactococcus garvieae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aeromonas sobria were investigated. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and their antimicrobial activities were measured by paper disc diffusion method. All essential oils used in this study showed antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms. The highest antimicrobial activity against Y. ruckeri, L. garvieae, P. fluorescens and A. sobria was determined in thyme essential oil with zone diameters of 31.50, 29.50, 26.50 and 31.50 mm, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of rosemary and laurel essential oils against all test microorganisms (except L. garvieae) was similar. In general, P. fluorescens was less sensitive to the inhibitory activity of thyme, rosemary and laurel essential oils than other test microorganisms. These results suggested that thyme, rosemary and laurel essential oils can be used as antimicrobial agents against fish pathogenic bacteria.

KEYWORDS Antimicrobial activity, thyme essential oil, rosemary essential oil, laurel essential oil, fish pathogenic bacteria

Corresponding Author: SADETTİN TURHAN, sturhan@omu.edu.tr 1 GIDA TARIM VE HAYVANCILIK BAKANLIĞI, VETERİNER KONTROL ENSTİTÜSÜ, SAMSUN 2 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1129

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1062

PREPURIFICATION OF LIPASE ENZYME FROM CORIANDER SEED (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM) 1

DUYGU MERCAN , MÜGE GIDIŞ

ABSTRACT Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is an aromatic plant, and due to its therapeutic properties, it is widely used in many fields such as food, medicine, perfumery and cosmetics. Coriander is a medicinal and aromatic plant that is cultured in our country. It has been used for a long time due to appetising, , carminative and digestive properties in folk medicine. In recent years, studies on the pharmacological effects of coriander have gained intensity. Starch, tannins, sugars, fixed and essential oils are found in the seeds of coriander. in its fruit bearing seed. There is high incidence of coriandrol and low incidence of geraniol, borneol, pinene, phelladron and acetic acid in the essential oil of coriander. Lipases can be produced by animals, microorganisms and plants, and are enzymes that hydrolyze mono-, di- and triglycerides in the oil-water phase. Lipases have an important place in industry and medicine as they show activity in both aqueous and anhydrous solvent systems. Herbal lipases are preferred in industry and medicine because their accessibility and low cost. Lipases are pancreas enzyme that can digest lipids mechanically. Coriander seeds are used because of digestive properties colloquially. In this regard, whether coriander seed helps to digest lipids will be determined by the lipase activity. In this study, purification of lipase from coriander seed was done to add new literature of coriander. The plant was first degreased with acetone. After drying process, the phosphate buffer was applied in the refrigerator for 12 hours. The clear part of the centrifuged extract was saturated with ammonium sulphate up to 80%. Olive oil was used as substrate for enzyme activity measurements. The maximum activity in enzyme activity measurements was at the addition of 0.8 ml of base at 70% and 80% saturation.Enzyme activity results were found to be lower than the other medicinal aromatic plant seeds’ lipase purification results.

KEYWORDS Coriander seed, Lipase, Purification, Medicinal Plant

Corresponding Author: MÜGE GİDİŞ, mugegidis@gmail.com 1 DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1130

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1064

DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR AND FRAXINUS AMERICANA LEAVES BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-ELECTROSPRAY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY 1

BUSE AYDOĞAN , MUSTAFA CITTAN , ALI ÇELIK

ABSTRACT Fraxinus (family Oleaceae) is a genus of approximately 50 species of hardwood trees and shrubs found in Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia and N. America. Important North American species include Fraxinus americana (white ash) [1]. Fraxinus excelsior, also known as the common ash, is a species that grows in our country. The leaves of the both species, like all other oleaceae family, contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are widespread secondary plant metabolites. The most important classifications of phenolic compounds in oleaceae family are secoiridoids, phenyl ethyl alcohols, flavonoids and phenolic acids. There is currently much interest in these phytochemicals as bioactive components of foodstuffs [2]. Many of these phytochemicals possess significant antioxidant capacities that are associated with lower occurrence rates of several human diseases [3]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phenolic contents of leaves extracts of Fraxinus excelsior and Fraxinus americana obtained with infusion (IE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques. IE and UAE were carried out with ultrapure water and methanol/water solution (70/30, v/v), respectively. 34 phenolic compounds were scanned by liquid chromatographyelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and 22 of them were quantitatively determined in the leaves extracts. Contents of phenolic compounds in the extracts varied from 0.59 µg g-1 to 55.2 mg g-1. Oleuropein, a secoiridoid, was the dominant compound in both extracts of two species. Other predominant compounds were identified as verbascoside and hesperidin. Oleuropein is a very powerful antioxidant and its amount in the leaves of Fraxinus species that reaches approximately 5.5% by weight is quite remarkable. Consequently, the high amounts of oleuropein, verbascoside and hesperidin extracted from ash leaves make this raw material a key source of these phenolic compounds. References [1] N. Hammatt, Fraxinus excelsior L. (Common Ash), T. Widholm, Jack M., Kumlehn, Jochen, Nagata, Ed. Berlin: Springer, 1996, pp. 172–193. [2] D. Štěrbová, D. Matějıč́ ek, J. Vlček, and V. Kubáň, Anal. Chim. Acta, 513(2), 435–444, 2004. [3] K. J. Anderson, S. S. Teuber, A. Gobeille, P. Cremin, A. L. Waterhouse, and F. M. Steinberg, J. Nutr., 131(11), 2837– 2842, 2001.

KEYWORDS Fraxinus excelsior, Fraxinus americana, Oleaceae, phenolic compounds, LC-ESI-MS/MS

Corresponding Author: MUSTAFA CİTTAN, mustafa.cittan@cbu.edu.tr 1 MANİSA CELAL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1131

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1065

INVESTIGATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF ISABELLA GRAPE (VITIS LABRUSCA L.) BERRIES IN BARTIN REGION 1

İBRAHIM TÜMEN , DILEK ÜNEŞ , HASAN KESKİN , MEHMET KURTÇA

ABSTRACT Vitis labrusca L. which is known as “Aromatic grape, aromatic black grape, strawberry grape, isabella, American grape, black grape” grows in in Black Sea Region coastline. It has a wrapping body, a berry with special aroma, thick skin and seed. It grows very fast and it can grow up to 15 meters. It had been determined that. V. Labrusca berry and leaves has phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamins and minerals, enzymes, monosaccharides, nitrogenous compounds, terpenes and lipids in phytochemical researches upon this plant. According to research upon V. labrusca, this plant has healing effects on respiratory tract infection, heart attack, cholesterol, digestive system disorders, some cancer species and Alzheimer. This also shows that V. labrusca is very important plant medically. In this study, berries of isabella grape (V.labrusca L.) which was collected from Bartin city, Serdarli Village, were used. Three different samples were prepared as fresh, dried in outdoor, dried in drying oven. Phenolic compounds of Isabella grape (V.labrusca L.) were identified by HPLC. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). According to results of phenolic compounds analysis, in all of the fresh sample, sample dried in outdoor and sample dried in drying oven, the highest amount was determined as vitamin C (respectively; 11.205 mg/L, 15.191 mg/L, 15.160 mg/L). When compared these three samples, the highest total phenolic contents were calculated in sample dried in drying oven.

KEYWORDS Phenolic compounds, isabella grape, HPLC

Corresponding Author: İBRAHİM TÜMEN, tumen@bartin.edu.tr 1 BARTIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ 2 BARTIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK HİZMETLERİ MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU

1132

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1067

PLACE AND IMPORTANCE OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN THE WORLD AND TURKEY 1

VEYSI ACIBUCA , DILEK BOSTAN BUDAK

ABSTRACT In agricultural activities, as well as the production of the necessary products to meet the needs such as nutrition, dressing, and sheltering which are vital for mankind; there also produced products that are useful for human health. It is known that plants with therapeutic properties have been used in diseases since the beginning of human history. In the early days, only some of these plants, which were collected from nature for nutrition and treatment purposes, were cultured and produced for economic purposes. In addition to therapeutic uses of medicinal and aromatic plants; they are used in many areas such as food, cosmetics and aroma. As a result of agricultural products trade’s gaining of international qualification, and the increase in demand for these plants; a rise in the production and collection of medicinal and aromatic plants has happened. According to the World Health Organization data, while 80% of the population uses traditional medicines for treatment in underdeveloped countries; this proportion is around 40% in developed countries. And it is expected that the rate of utilization of medical plants in the future will increase all over the world. Due to its location and climate conditions, our country has a wide variety of plant species and is one of the leading producer countries of many medical and aromatic plants. For this reason, medical and aromatic plants have an important economic potential for our country. In this study, production and trade of medical and aromatic plants in the world and in Turkey have been examined in line with the data obtained from national and international institutions and previous studies related to the subject. In addition, the support given directly and indirectly to the medical and aromatic plants in Turkey has been examined and suggestions have been presented to increase the share of our country in the world trade.

KEYWORDS World, Turkey, Medicinal Plants, Aromatic Plants

Corresponding Author: VEYSİ ACIBUCA, veysacibuca@gmail.com 1 MARDİN ARTUKLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1133

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1068

EVALUATION OF AVACADO (PERSEA AMERICANA MILL.) LEAVES IN TERMS OF PUBLIC HEALTH 1

GÜLSEN KENDIR , AYŞEGÜL KÖROĞLU

ABSTRACT Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae) originated in central and southern of South America, is a evergreen tree. The tree commonly known as avocado. Avacado is cultivated in all tropical and subtropical regions in the world. This tree has been usually grown in southern coastal region of Turkey due to its commercial importance. Its fruit is a drupe which consumed as food. Except this, the leaves are widely used for pass kidney stone and against the urinary tract infections as therapeutic among the people in Turkey and Cyprus. This study was made to determine if they have scientific drug characteristics which used for its therapeutic feature in folk and supplied from the market of avacado leaves. For this purpose, 13 different samples from 5 diverse cities (Ankara, Hatay, İstanbul, Kayseri and Aydın) were purchased. The sample to be used as standard was obtained from the culture form. The morphological properties of leaves, which are part of the plant used as drug, were determined both in the standard sample and in the purchased samples. Anatomical features of transverse and surface sections from standard avacado leaves with transverse sections from the petiole of natural avacado leaves were investigated and determined. Besides, the distinctive anatomical structures of the powdered samples (standard sample and samples purchased from the market) were demonstrated. The avacado leaf is bifacial. The hairs are only located lower surface of the leaf and mostly unicellular. Secretory cells and crytals were observed in the avacado leaf and petiole. Crystals are simple in various sizes, and small raphids. The stomata confined to the lower surface and anomocytic type (3-6 subsidiary cells). In tranverse section taken from the petiole, the hairs were observed to be gathered on the upper surface of petiole. References 1) Yasir, M., Das, S., Kharya, M. D. (2010). The phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Persea americana Mill. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4(7): 77-84. 2) Gruenwald, J., Brendler, T., Jaenicke, C. (Scientific Editors) (2004). Physicians desk reference (PDR) for herbal medicines. Thirth Edition. Thomson/Medical Economics Company, Montvale, New Jersey. 3) Sargin, S. A. (2015). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Bozyazi district of Mersin, Turkey. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 173: 105-126. 4) Demirkol, A. (1995). Avocado growing in Turkey. Proceedings of the World Avocado Congress III, p. 451-456.

KEYWORDS Persea americana, Lauraceae, Morphology, Anatomy, Powder drug

Corresponding Author: GÜLSEN KENDİR, kendir80@hotmail.com 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERİSTESİ

1134

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1069

COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF TWO INULA SPECIES (I. SALICIANA L. AND I. DISCOIDEA BOISS.) GROWING WILD IN TURKEY 1

M. YAVUZ PAKSOY , EYÜP BAĞCI , FETHI AHMET ÖZDEMIR

ABSTRACT The Inula genus members are mostly herbs or subshrubs, but sometimes annual or biennial herbs and belongs to the Asteraceae family. Several species of Inula are used in traditional medicine as an extensively used primarily for treatment of abdominal pain, emesis, diarrhea, and threatened abortion. In addition, the roots are effective in the treatment of diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, and anthelmintic remedy. In this study, the essential oil composition of Inula saliciana L. and Inula discoidea Boiss. collected from Turkey were analyzed. The oils obtained by hydrodistillation using Clevenger aparatus from two Inula species and chemical composition were determined by GC and GC-MS system. The oil yield were determined as 0.3% and 0.4% (v/w) in the both essential oils respectively. Sixteen constituents were comprised the 94.5% of the total essential oil extracted from the Inula saliciana. The predominant compounds of the oil were determined as 2-pentadecanone (30.5%), tetradecanal (25.5%) and [+]-Epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (7.0%). On the other hand, tetradecanal (38.0%) and palmitic acid (19.0%) were found as the main compounds identified in the oil of Inula discoides.

KEYWORDS Inula, GC-MS, Essential oil, Turkey.

Corresponding Author: M. YAVUZ PAKSOY, mypaksoy@gmail.com 1 MUNZUR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİRESİ FEN-EDEBİYAT FAK./ MOLEKÜLER BİYOLOJİ VE GENETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1135

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1070

A TRADITIONAL TURKISH DESSERT: PEKMEZ 1

ŞEMSİ GÜL YILMAZ , ASLI UÇAR

ABSTRACT In Turkey, pekmez (liquid pekmez, LP) is one of the traditional food products and it is commonly produced from grape and can also be produced from fruits containing high amounts of sugar like apple, carob, plum, watermelon, apricot, sugar beet, mulberry and fig. For this reason in Turkey when the pekmez is called the first come to mind is grape pekmez. Pekmez is generally defined as boiling concentrated or shelf-life-preserved mulberry or grape juice without adding sugar or other food additives. Grape is the most commonly used fruit in pekmez production. Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the world’s largest fruit crops, with an approximate annual production of 58 million metric tons. About 37% of harvested grapes are used in pekmez production in Turkey. Also, about 657,000 tons of grapes are processed into pekmez annually in Turkey. Grape pekmez is produced from grapes or raisins in an open kettle or vacuumed tank. Pekmez is traditionally made in rural areas. However, commercial pekmez production in small to mid-sized plants has been on the rise in recent years. Grape pekmez is a thick, concentrated product and is produced from grape or raisin paste by decreasing its acidity. Vacuum application may be applied to concentrate the product. The purpose of concentration is to extend the shelf-life by reducing the water content and to pasteurize the grape juice. Local pekmez generally takes its name from the place it is made such as Zile pekmez, the name of a Turkish town. Pekmez has been produced in Turkey for a long time in appreciable amounts and its production technology has changed very little since it was first produced. Pekmez made in Turkey is either in the liquid or in the solid form. Turkish standards classify pekmez as sweet (pH between 5 and 6) and sour (pH between 3.5 and 5.0). In the traditional production of sweet pekmez, grapes are washed and pressed to obtain grape must. The resultant must is cloudy and acidic. Grape must mainly contains tartaric, malic and citric acid, with tartaric acid being predominant. To neutralise acidity of grape must, pekmez earth can be used in percentages ranging from 0.1% to 1%. It is generally known as pekmez, and it is a healthy and natural product. Pekmez is consumed mainly for breakfast instead of jam or marmalade Pekmez contains high amounts of sugar,mineral and organic acid, so, it is a very important food product in human nutrition especially for babies, children, and sportsmen and in situations demanding urgent energy. Pekmez has an important function in the working of the brain in which glucose is an energy source. Pekmez easily passes into the blood without digestion because most of its carbohydrate is in the form of monosaccharide like glucose and fructose.

KEYWORDS Nutrition, Traditional Food, Pekmez, Production, Grape

Corresponding Author: ŞEMSİ GÜL YILMAZ, sgyilmaz@ankara.edu.tr 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1136

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1072

A REVIEW OF NURSING THESES ON AROMATHERAPY IN TURKEY 1

İLKNUR MÜNEVVER GÖNENÇ , NAZAN ÇAKIRER ÇALBAYRAM

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aims to review the nursing theses carried out on aromatherapy in Turkey. Method: To collect the research data, first a literature review was conducted, and then a key word search was carried out with keywords such as ‘aromatherapy’, ‘aromatherapic’, and ‘of aromatherapy’ in the database of the National Dissertation Center of the Higher Education Council. As a result of the search, 23 theses from Health Sciences Institute, Nursing Department related to the subject in question were identified, and the citation details of these theses were obtained. Findings: Of the theses conducted on aromatherapy in the field of nursing, 5 were master’s theses, and 18 were doctoral dissertations. 10 of these theses were carried out in Internal Medicine Nursing Department, 3 in Surgical Diseases Nursing Department, 4 in Fundamentals of Nursing Department, 2 in the Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, 2 in Women's Health and Obstetric Nursing Department, and 2 in Public Health Nursing Department. The research data in 10 of the studies were conducted as randomized controlled study. In 11 of the theses, aromatherapy was administered cutaneously, by inhalation in 9, and both cutaneously and through inhalation in 3. Lavender was the most commonly used aromatherapy oil in these studies. The effect of aromatherapy on more than one factor was studied in these studies. The first five items in terms of aromatherapy use were found to be coping with pain, coping with anxiety, improving sleep quality, reducing fatigue, and boosting life quality respectively. All of the theses found that aromatherapy agents were effective. Conclusion: It is noteworthy that aromatherapy has been used in many areas of nursing, including mainly in internal medicine nursing. This indicates that aromatherapy is one of the major areas of interest in nursing research. It also reflects the fact that it has the capacity to be integrated into nursing care in many areas of nursing. That nearly half of the studies were conducted as randomized controlled study increases the reliability of the research findings. It is important to recognize aromatherapy in nursing practices and authorize nurses with this regard. It is predicted that research into this area might grow if the nurses are authorized. It is believed that the outcomes of this study will guide nurses and other health professionals who are interested in studying on aromatherapy.

KEYWORDS Aromatherapy, nursing, care

Corresponding Author: İLKNUR MÜNEVVER GÖNENÇ, imgonenc@gmail.com 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1137

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1073

DETERMINATION OF ZN(II) AND CD(II) CONCENTRATION IN WHEAT THAT GROWN AT KARAMAN WITH VOLTAMMETRIC METHODS 1

AYSEL ÇİMEN , ALI BİLGİÇ

ABSTRACT Toxic and persistence substances in the environment continuously accumulate and increase owing to the anthropic activities. With reference to this, one of the major problems in ecology is related to the path of toxic metals contained in all matrices involved in foods and food chain, because of their irreversible deleterious effects on man [1]. The removal of these toxic materials is crucial for the living and the people. For this reason, heavy metals were determinated using voltammetric methods on the wheat grown in Karaman. Three group of crop wheat were gathered from KaramanKonya, Karaman-Organized Industrial zone motorway and some villages of Karaman, respectively. These samples were crushed at laboratory mill to obtain whole wheat flour and then sieved with 250 micron sieve. So, some whole wheat flour sample was converted into wheat flour for analyses. All samples were prepared after melting with mixture of 10 mL 98% H2SO4 + 10 mL 35% HNO3 + 10 mL 30% H2O2 at microwave oven. Optimized conditions were determined for Anodic Stripping Voltammetry method. Calibration curves were plotted for analyses of Zn(II), Pb(II). After that, standard metal mixtures which were prepared with standard addition method were added in to both of whole wheat flour and sieved wheat flour. So those samples were analyzed. According to these results; those samples do not include Cd(II). Also determined amount of Zn(II) below to the limit of danger for human health.

KEYWORDS Anodic stripping voltammetry, Polarography, Whole wheat flour, Heavy metal.

Corresponding Author: ALİ BİLGİÇ, alibilgic100@hotmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1138

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1074

DETERMINATION OF PB(II) AND CU(II) CONCENTRATION IN WHEAT THAT GROWN AT KARAMAN 1

AYSEL ÇİMEN , ALI BİLGİÇ

ABSTRACT Plants pick up heavy metals from the ground with their roots and leaves from the air. Plants planted with industrial wastewater contain more heavy metals. Toxic effect occurs when the human body is exposed to heavy metals over certain quantities [1]. For this reason, heavy metals were determinated using voltammetric methods on the wheat grown in Karaman. Three group of crop wheat were gathered from Karaman-Konya, Karaman-Organized Industrial zone motorway and some villages of Karaman, respectively. These samples were crushed at laboratory mill to obtain whole wheat flour and then sieved with 250 micron sieve. So, some whole wheat flour sample was converted into wheat flour for analyses. All samples were prepared after melting with mixture of 10 mL 98% H2SO4 + 10 mL 35% HNO3 + 10 mL 30% H2O2 at microwave oven. Optimized conditions were determined for Anodic Stripping Voltammetry method. Calibration curves were plotted for analyses of Cu(II), Pb(II). After that, standard metal mixtures which were prepared with standard addition method were added in to both of whole wheat flour and sieved wheat flour. So those samples were analyzed. According to these results; those samples do not include Pb(II). Also determined amount of Cu(II) below to the limit of danger for human health.

KEYWORDS Anodic stripping voltammetry, Whole wheat flour, Heavy metal.

Corresponding Author: ALİ BİLGİÇ, alibilgic100@hotmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1139

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1075

EFFECTS OF GOJI BERRY (LYCIUM BARBARUM) EXTRACT ON EXPERIMENTAL TOXOPLASMOSIS 1

EROL AYAZ , FATMA PEHLIVAN KARAKAŞ , KEREM YAMAN , AYHAN ÇETINKAYA , HAYRIYE ORALLAR , ENES 1 EĞILMEZ

ABSTRACT Effects of Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) Extract on Experimental Toxoplasmosis Erol AYAZ1, Fatma PEHLİVAN KARAKAŞ2, Kerem YAMAN1, Ayhan ÇETİNKAYA3, Hayriye ORALLAR4, Enes EĞİLMEZ5 1 AİBÜ Medical Faculty, Department of Parasitology, BOLU 2 AİBÜ Agriculture and Natural Sciences Faculty, Division of Medical and Aromatic Plants, BOLU 3 AİBÜ Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, BOLU 4 AİBÜ Agriculture and Natural Sciences Faculty, Division of Poultry, BOLU 5 AİBÜ Lab Animals Application and Research Center, BOLU Aim of our study is to examine the anti-parasitic effects of Lycium barbarum extract on the experimental model of toxoplasmosis. Lycium barbarum is known as goji berry or wolf berry and used in traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-oxidant, immunostimulator, relaxing and possible an additive agent against cancer. The polisaccharides of L.barbarum fruit is mostly responsible for these effects. Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular Apicomplexan parasite which has got a worldwide spread. Toxoplasmosis isn’t a symptomatic infection but it may threat life and cause severe conditions at immunocomprimised individiuals, fetuses and newborns. Separate from the known effects of L.barbarum , no study is accomplished as an anti-parasitic agent for this plant. Method: We used methanol evaporated and lyophilised essence of L.barbarum fruits. We applicate this extract to 40 mice aged 2-4 months old in this study. Mice were divided into five groups according to their situation of infection and intragastric application of extract. All mice in chosen groups were infected with 1X105 tachyzoites of T.gondii RH strain. As an antiparasitic agent, 24 mg/ml dosage of cotrimoxsazole in saline, is chosen and dispensed 0.1 ml by oral gavage . Dosage of L.barbarum extract was adjusted 100 mg/kg in saline and dispensed 0.1 ml by oral gavage too. Group I was the healthy group without any intervention. Group II was infected with T. gondii tachyzoites. Group III was infected and treated with co-trimoxsazole. Group IV was infected and treated with L.barbarum extract. Last group was the group, we both appllied the plant extract and co-trimoxsazole. After, chosen groups were infected, we observed the groups and examined the parasite load by counting tachyzoites in the intraperitoneal fluid of mice at Thoma chamber. Results: Significant difference is found in study groups compared with control groups. Number of parasites found close in study groups, thus resulting no significant difference between them. As a result of our study, we decided the extract of L.barbarum may be helpful for treatment of toxoplasmosis. As an advise, more elaborate research may progress through using different species of parasites.

KEYWORDS

Corresponding Author: KEREM YAMAN, keremyamantbb@yahoo.com.tr 1 ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1140

Toxoplasma gondii, Lycium barbarum, Mice, Anti-parasitic

1141

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1076

CYTOTOXIC, MORPHOLOGIC AND APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF PROTOCATECHUIC ACID ON DU145 CELL LINE 1

PINAR ÖZTOPCU-VATAN , EMINE İNAN

ABSTRACT Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic acid and widely found spread throughout in many plants as an aromatic secondary metabolites. Previous studies, have shown different biological and pharmacological activities PCA, as well as, suppression of proliferation of cancer cells. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types in men and the treatment are very limited. In this study, we determinate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of PCA on human prostate cancer (DU145) line. The cytotoxic effects of PCA (0.5 to 3.5 mM) was examined in cells for 24 and 48 h by MTT and Neutral Red (NR) assay. All statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed up by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. Morphological changes in cells were evaluated by inverted microscope. Apoptotic cell death was assessed in cells treated with 1 and 1.5 mM PCA by DAPI staining. The cell viability started to decrease at 1 mM (p<0.001) for 24 h, 0.75 mM (p<0.001) for 48 h. The IC50 values at 24 and 48 h were estimated as 1.29 and 0.90 mM by MTT and 1.23 and 0.88 mM by NR assay respectively. Increased PCA doses caused circular cell morphology, diminished the cell number as well as increased the nuclear condensation and fragmentation on DU145 cells. We reported for the first time that PCA possess cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on prostate cancer in a time and dose dependent manner. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of PCA induced apoptotic death. *This study was supported by Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Scientific Research Projects Committee (Project number: 201219A104).

KEYWORDS Protocatechuic acid, Prostate carcinoma, Cytotoxicity, DAPI, Apoptosis

Corresponding Author: PINAR ÖZTOPCU-VATAN, poztopcu@ogu.edu.tr 1 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1142

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1078

EFFECT OF GOJI BERRY FRUIT EXTRACT ON SOME VITAMIN LEVELS IN RATS FED HIGH FAT DIET 1

FATMAGÜL YUR , AHMET UFUK KÖMÜROĞLU , SINAN YILDIZ , AHMET CIHAT ÖNER

ABSTRACT Purpose: Goji berry has been traditionally used for centuries in Asia due to its positive effects on health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of goji berry fruit extract on Vitamin D, Folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in rats fed high fat diets. Method: Forty Wistar-Albino healthy rats were used as study material. The rats were divided into 4 groups, with 10 rats per group. Group 1: control group given standard pelleted feed for 60 days, Group 2: fed with 60 days of standard pelleted feed and 100mg / kg goji berry fruit extract, Groups 3: fed on a high fat diet for 60 days, Group 4 was formed from rats fed a high fat diet for 60 days and 100 mg / kg goji berry fruit extract. After 60 days, the rats were taken to the cardiac blood gel tube, and the serum was separated. Serum Folic acid, B12 and D vitamin levels were measured on an Arhcitect brand CD16000I model autoanalyzer. Result: Serum folic acid level was significantly lower in group 3 than in the other groups. B12 vitamin and vitamin D levels were significantly lower in Group 3 and Group 4 than Group 1 and Group 2 (p <0.05). Conclusion: VitD deficiency and obesity are common health problems. It still has to argue which one is the cause of the other. Vit D suppresses lipolysis by increasing the Ca ++ transition from outside to inside the cells, it stimulates lipogenesis. The same mechanism also suppresses the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which allows the use of lipids in mitochondria in the cell, leading to lipid accumulation. In our study, we observed that there were no effects on the vitamin level of the goji berry extract, which was reduced by Vitamin D, in the groups we fed with the oily diet. When the folate level was lower in the group fed with the overfat diet than in the other groups, but there was no significant difference (p), we observed that vitamin B12 levels fell in the 3rd and 4th groups (p <0.05). Goji berry fruit extract did not affect vitamin D, B12 and folic acid levels in rats fed high fat diets.

KEYWORDS Goji berry, vitamins, high fat diet

Corresponding Author: FATMAGÜL YUR, fatmagulyur@mu.edu.tr 1 MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FETHİYE SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ, MUĞLA 2 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1143

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1079

STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GLANDULAR TRICHOMES OF ENDEMIC MARRUBIUM CEPHALANTHUM BOISS. & NOË SUBSP. MONTANUM AKGÜL & KETENOĞLU, A NEW SUBSPECIES FROM TURKEY 1

İLKAY ÖZTÜRK ÇALI , ARZU CANSARAN , CENGIZ YILDIRIM

ABSTRACT The genus Marribium L. (Lamiaceae) has more than 40 species in the world. Most of them i.e. 12 species are endemic to Turkey and more than half of them (i.e. 22 species) are found in Turkey. Except few species, most of them are perennial herbs. There are a few species in this genus that is known to be used for medical purposes. The genus Marrubium is characterized by erect or ascending stems and densely hairy, usually having many lateral branches, leave with toothed margins, flowers usually arranged densely on the stems known as verticillaster, having broad bracts and small bracteoles, and having tubular calyx and corolla. Marrubium cephalanthum subsp. montanum is a new endemic subspecies from Turkey. The plant specimens were collected in its flowering period from Amasya on 20.05.2016. The plant materials were identified and deposit at Amasya University. Structural studies of the glandular trichomes were carried out on vegetative and reproductive organs of the plant that were fixed in 70% alcohol. Hand made superficial sections in leaves on upper and lower surfaces and cross sections in stem, petiole, calyx, corolla were obtained to determine the glandular trichome structures of the plant. M. cephalanthum subsp. montanum has two main types of glandular trichomes. These are peltate and capitate glandular trichomes.

KEYWORDS Marrubium cephalanthum subsp. montanum, Trichome, Endemic

Corresponding Author: İLKAY ÖZTÜRK ÇALI, ilkaycali@hotmail.com 1 AMASYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1144

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1080

SPECIES OF GLAUCIUM FLAVUM CRANTZ (PAPAVERACEAE) MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SPREADING AREAS IN TURKEY. 1

FATMA MUNGAN KILIÇ , KEMAL YILDIZ , MURAT KILIÇ

ABSTRACT A bright, remarkable yellow color which belongs to the genus Glaucium Mill. it is known as "yellow horned poppy". Species spread on the sea side, river valleys (0-50 m). The medical use; antidiabetic, anti-cancer, antibiotic and cardioprotective effect. Field work was carried out in the vegetation period covering the May to August months between the years of 2011 and 2015. The species were collected from as many different locations. Records of the collected samples were kept, photographs were taken in natural growing environments and the specimens collected were dried according to standard procedures and transformed into herbarium specimens. Pollen and seeds of the species were analized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a result of morphological examination, the stem is 23-42 cm lenght, hairless, branched, whitish green; the leaves are thick, very green-matte. Flower buds are hairless or slightly acute, ovate -rectangular, acute, petals usually yellow. As a result of the morphological investigations, parallelism was observed between the obtained data and the Flora of Turkey. In addition, the spreading areas and description have been improved and the obtained data has been transformed into a table. At the end of the palynological investigation, pollen grains usually were spheroidal in shape and tricolpate aperture, ornamentation microecinate and microperforate. Seed features; reniform, that surfaces alveolate and faveolate was observed.

KEYWORDS Glaucium, Morphology, Palynology, Medicinal Plant, Flora of Turkey

Corresponding Author: FATMA MUNGAN KILIÇ, fatmamungan4747@gmail.com 1 MARDİN ARTUKLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 CELAL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1145

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1081

GOLEVEZ (TARO, KOLOKAS) 1

AYLA ÜNVER ALÇAY , EKIN DİNÇEL , MERYEM BADAYMAN

ABSTRACT Research into food-derived bioactive components for cancer prevention as well as cancer therapy is growing due to the relatively low or no detectable toxicity and better bioavailability. In this regard,it has been carried out scientific research on the plant called "golevez" in our country and "taro, old cocoyam, eddoe or dasheen" in other countries. Golevez [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a tropical root vegetables from the family of the Araceae. Golevez, which is produced extensively in 43 states around the world, is grown in Alanya and Gazipaşa of Antalya, Bozyazı, Anamur districts of Mersin and is well known as "kolokas" in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and widely consumed. The primary use of golevez is the consumption of edible leaves and root corms. The corms can be cooked as vegetables with boiled. The leaves of golevez are eaten as vegetables by people and are evaluated as wrapping and soup. Gollevez's corms is cooked with boiled meat, beans and chickpea. It is used as canned food, flour, chips, noodle and frozen food in tropical and subtropical countries. Dried fine powder of the plant's corm is used as additives for bread, pastry, food and pasta. Mucilage of golevez participates in diet products. Oxalic acid can be present in the leaves and root corms. Because of this, the plant must not be defeated without cooking, the oxalate ion can cause high irritation in the digestive tract. Since the method of processing of the golevez is very unknown in our country, it is widely consumed only in the regions where it is produced. The pharmacological effects of the plant are also unknown in our country. However, it has been known in the world since ancient times for its medicinal properties and is being used to help treat various diseases such as asthma, arthritis, diarrhea, internal bleeding, neurological disorders and skin disorders. It has been found that the extracts obtained from this plant have various pharmacological activities. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activity of Colocasia esculanta has been reported. It has been reported with the scientific studies made that extracts obtained from this plant inhibit certain tumor metastases strongly and specifically. As research on Colocasia esculanta's corm and leaves is promising and encouraging, it is necessary to purify the active components and to carry out their clinical studies in the future in order to increase these activities. In this review, the traditional use and known pharmacological effects of Colocasia esculanta have been examined.

KEYWORDS Golovez, Colocas, Colocasia esculanta, antimicrobial, anticancer

Corresponding Author: AYLA ÜNVER ALÇAY, aylaalcay@aydin.edu.tr 1 İSTANBUL AYDIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1146

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1082

GRAPE SEED AS A FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT 1

MUTLU BUKET AKIN , ASLI ÇELİKEL , KAMILE BURCU BÜYÜKKILIÇ , MUSA SERDAR AKIN

ABSTRACT Grape seed obtained after wine or juice making and contains 13–19% oil, about 11% protein, 60–70% of non-digestible carbohydrates,phenolic compounds, and non-phenolic antioxidants such as tocopherols and beta carotene. The phenolic compounds in grape seeds are essentially all flavonoids, flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin-3-O-gallate monomers) and their polymers. Grape seed has been used as grape seed oil or grape seed extract in food industry. Grape seed oil (also called grapeseed oil or grape oil) is pressed from the seeds of grapes. The nutritional value of the grape seed oil is very high because of the rich unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic and oleic acids of the oil. Grape seed oil also contains bioactive compounds including phytosterols, tocopherols, tocotrienols, flavonoids and phenolic acids with recognized biological importance due to their antioxidant activity. This components contribute to the beneficial effects of the grape seed oil. Particularly, grape seed oil is a rich source of vitamin E and contains high quantities of tocopherols and tocotrienols. The grape seed extract contains high levels of phenolic compounds including flavonoids, procyanidins and phenolic acid. It is reported that proanthocyanidins as plant-based health-beneficial components in the human diet have potential health beneficial effects depending on their structure and especially on their degree of polymerization. It has been demonstrated that proanthocyanidins possess a large spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic benefits including antioxidant, antithrombotic, antibacterial and antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anticarcinogenic activities. Thus, due to its composition and related properties, grape seed has emerged as a product with health-promoting effects and having the potential for use in pharmaceutical and food applications as a functional components.

KEYWORDS Grape seed, grape seed oil, grape seed extract, fuctional components

Corresponding Author: MUTLU BUKET AKIN, mutluakin@harran.edu.tr 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1147

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1083

ORGANIC COSMETIC PRODUCT USAGE PREVELANCE OF WOMEN WORKING IN TRABZON 1

NURHAN GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU , DIDEM SARIMEHMET , SEVILAY HINTISTAN , NIHAT BURAK ZIHNI , GONCA 1 SERDAR

ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to examine the prevalence of organic cosmetic product usage in women working in Trabzon. The sample of the research made by the descriptive type is 154 women working in different institutions in Trabzon. Data were filled with face-to-face interview technique using the questionnaire form. When the prevalence of use of organic cosmetics in the survey is examined; 95.5% used hand soap every day, 69.5% used shampoo once a week, 57.1% used hair dye and hair once a month, and 3.2% used face lotion every year. Among the products that are never used; Makeup material (3.9%), nail polish (2.6%) and shower gel (1.9%) are in the first three ranks. Brand names (75.3%) were the most important factor in the purchase of organic cosmetics products by working women and internet environment (51.3%) was the preferred place to purchase. As a result, working women often use organic cosmetics.

KEYWORDS Organic Cosmetic Product, Working Women, Internet Environment, Brand

Corresponding Author: GONCA SERDAR, goncaserdar61@gmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1148

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1084

SPECTACULAR FOOD-DRUG INTERACTION: ST. JOHN’S WORT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM) 1

MUSTAFA FEVZI KARAGÖZ , MAKBULE GEZMEN-KARADAĞ

ABSTRACT St. John’s wort, which is distributed in hot and temperate regions all over the world, has 89 species in Turkey, the most common being Hypericum perforatum L. species. The properties of St. John’s wort, which has antiinflamatuar, analgesic, antidepressant, antiviral, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, are derived from hyperforine, flavonoids, procyanidins, essential oils, phenylpropanals, xanthones and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Hipericine and quercetin have the ability to bind to dopamine receptors, miquelianin and rutin bind to adrenergic receptors. Hyperforin inhibits synaptosomal reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, GABA and dopamine. Hence, Hypericum perforatum shows similar properties to some synthetic antidepressants (SSRI, MAO etc.). St. John’s wort triggers the activity of cytochrome-P isozymes (CYP3A4, CYP2E1 fe CYP2C19) and the synthesis of a carrier membrane protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). St. John’s wort has been shown to increase the metabolism of many medicines, mainly by increasing the activity of intestinal CYP3A4 enzymes. This is accomplished by activating the nuclear pregnane X receptor and inducing CYP3A4 expression. The increase in the synthesis of P-gp leads to a decrease in drug absorption and an increase in excretion. The hypericum extract reduces the plasma concentration of some antineoplastic agents (irinotecan) by triggering liver metabolism of P-gp and CYP3A4. Along with the use of St. John’s wort, the half-life of oxycodone, which is used in the treatment of patients with chronic pain, is shortened, thereby the plasma concentration of drug is reduced. Finally, medicines used in the treatment of diseases should be carefully considered in terms of the interaction with the St. John’s wort and other nutrients in order not to adversely affect the treatment.

KEYWORDS St. John’s Wort, Hypericum Perforatum, Drug Inteactons, Antidepressant

Corresponding Author: MUSTAFA FEVZİ KARAGÖZ, mmufeka@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1149

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1085

POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS OF CHAMOMILE TEA 1

BÜŞRA BAŞPINAR , JIYAN ASLAN , AYŞE ÖZFER ÖZÇELİK

ABSTRACT Accepted as native to Europe and Western Asia, Chamomile (Chamomillarecutita) is widely found in all regions of Turkey, and it is used as a medicinal plant in Europe. One of the most popular herbal tea, chamomile tea is consumed more than a million cups a day worldwide. The beneficial effects of chamomile on health, determined to have more than 120 compounds, are generally divided into two classes: sesquiterpenic compounds such as a-bisabolol, bisabololoxides A and B, chamazulene and farnesene, andphenolic compounds, namely flavonoids including apigenin, quercetin, patuletin and luteolin, and their glucosides. In addition, coumarins are also considered to be an important bioactive component. Studies conducted so far have shown its antiparasitic, antioxidant and anticancer characteristics which support the use of the chamomile in the treatment of various diseases. Chamomile has been used to treat a variety of inflammation, irritation, and pain such as skin diseases, sores, eczema, ulcers, gout, neuralgia, and rheumatic pain. It has been determined in animal model studies that chamomile has strong anti-inflammatory effect, and antispasmotic and anxiolytic effects as well as some antimutagenic and cholesterol-lowering activities. Recent studies have focused on the anti-diabetic effects of chamomile tea. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of various bioactive compounds found in the content of chamomile tea.

KEYWORDS Chamomile tea, health, medicinal plant, antioxidant

Corresponding Author: JİYAN ASLAN, jynaslan@gmail.com 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1150

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1086

CURE COMES FROM THE WATER “CHLORELLA AND SPIRULINA” 1

ASENA ÜNVER , SEVİM HAMZAÇEBİ , DİLCAN AKPINAR , FATMA ÖZTÜRK , HATİCE GÜNDÜZ

ABSTRACT The need for new food supplies has arisen due to the increase in the population of the world. As the terrestrial sources are unable to cope with the increasing demand people have a tendency towards aquatic resources. One of the most important aquatic creatures is the algae. In addition to their being a nutrient, they are also used as medicine. Their importance comes not only from the fact that they are the nutritional source of a variaty of aquatic creatures but also from their part in producing the two thirds of the world’s photosynhate carbon and their function in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. As a nutrition and a medicine algae has a major importance in China, Japan and Korea. In many countries it is used in various fields such as medicine, pharmacology, cosmetics, chemistry, agriculture, food industry and energy sector Chlorella and Spirulina are the two most prominent algae species used in food supplement industry in our country as well as the rest of the world. If the fossil records are to be examined it could be noticed that Chlorella has a cell structure that has not been changed for almost 2.5 billion years.. Spirulina has become widely used throughout the world thanks to its being an essential food of the Aztecs. Spirulina is a protein source with its low level of fat and calories and it contains nearly all essential amino acids. These two species of seaweed are prefered due to their rich nutritional value and that they can be reproduced in labrotaries. These algae species are rich in vitamin B12, minerals, protein and iron and that makes them useful in the renewal of the heart cells and in fighting against diseases such as high levels of cholestrol, ulcer, cancer,flu etc. In Turkey, this two of algae are sold by many of companies as a food supplement.

KEYWORDS Spirulina, Chlorella, algae, treatment, food

Corresponding Author: ASENA ÜNVER, asenagulata@hotmail.com 1 İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1151

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1087

EFFECTS OF COMMON DAISY (BELLIS PERENNIS) EXTRACT ON EXPERIMENTAL TOXOPLASMOSIS 1

FATMA PEHLIVAN KARAKAŞ , EROL AYAZ , KEREM YAMAN , AYHAN ÇETINKAYA , MÜCAHIT ÇAKMAK , 1 GÖKÇE BOZAT

ABSTRACT Effects of Common Daisy (Bellis perennis) Extract on Experimental Toxoplasmosis Erol AYAZ1, Fatma PEHLİVAN KARAKAŞ2, Kerem YAMAN1, Ayhan ÇETİNKAYA3, Mücahit ÇAKMAK4, Gökçe BOZAT2 1 AİBÜ Medical Faculty, Department of Parasitology, BOLU 2 AİBÜ Agriculture and Natural Sciences Faculty, Division of Medical and Aromatic Plants, BOLU 3 AİBÜ Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, BOLU 4 AİBÜ Lab Animals Application and Research Center, BOLU Aim of our study is to examine the anti-parasitic effects of Bellis perennis extract on the experimental model of toxoplasmosis. Bellis perennis is a herbal perennial plant used as an antimicrobial and anti-inflamatory agent in traditional medicine. Some researchs showed the diuretic, analgesic and anti-pyretic effects of this plant, especially the leaves. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate, intracellular parasite which has got a high seropositivity around world. Although toxoplasmosis is not a clinically symptomatic infection, it gains importance at immunocomprimised patients and fetuses. Dependent to the anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory effects, there is no research on the usage of B.perennis as an anti-parasitic agent. Method: We used ethyl acetate evaporated and lyophilised essence of B.perennis, We applicate this extract to 40 mice aged 2-4 months old in this study. Mice were divided into five groups according to their situation of infection and intragastric application of extract. All mice in chosen groups were infected with 1X105 tachyzoites of T.gondii RH strain. As an antiparasitic agent, 24 mg/ml dosage of co-trimoxsazole in saline, is chosen and dispensed 0.1 ml by oral gavage . Dosage of B.perennis extract was adjusted 100 mg/kg in saline and dispensed 0.1 ml by oral gavage too. Group I was the healthy group without any intervention. Group II was infected with T. gondii tachyzoites. Group III was infected and treated with co-trimoxsazole. Group IV was infected and treated with B.perennis extract. Last group was the group, we both apply the plant extract and cotrimoxsazole. After, chosen groups were infected, we observed the groups and examined the parasite load by counting tachyzoites in the intraperitoneal fluid of mice at Thoma chamber. Results: According to parasite load of study groups, we found significant decrease of tachyzoite levels in the groups III, IV and V, within comparison to control group II. Besides, no significant difference is indicated between groups III, IV and V. All mice but groups I and II, are found dead on day 7 postinfection. There is no change in normal life span of mice in group I and all mice in control group II are found dead on day 2 and 3 post-infection. As a result of our study, we concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of B.perennis is found beneficial for toxoplasmosis. We advise the usage of this herbal extract as an anti-parasitic agent could be helpful to cure toxoplasmosis.

KEYWORDS Corresponding Author: KEREM YAMAN, keremyamantbb@yahoo.com.tr 1 ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1152

Toxoplasma gondii, Bellis perennis, Mice, Anti-parasitic

1153

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1088

A FRUIT PACKED OF HEALTH: TAMARIND (TAMARINDUS INDICA) 1

MUSTAFA FEVZI KARAGÖZ , MAKBULE GEZMEN-KARADAĞ , HILAL YILDIRAN

ABSTRACT Tamarind belongs to the family of Fabaceae and is one of the fruits used in ayurvedic medicine. This fruit, rooted in Africa, is then exported to Asian countries such as India and Indonesia, and to America countries such as Mexico and Costa Rica. Tamarind is rich in pyhtochemicals besides vitamin and mineral content. Tamarind leaves have antiinflammatory features that diclofenac (NSAID)-like effect. In diabetic rats, using tamarind seed extract by 120 and 240 mg/kg per day, the levels of NO were decreased by 22 and 43%, respectively. When compared to corresponding diabetic control rats, TNF-α levels were dose-dependent decreased, dramatically (p<0,05). Tamarind has antidiabetic properties due to increasing pancreatic intracellular Ca+ levels by insülin-like action in pancreatic β cells. Tamarind shows laxative activity because of fiber, malic and tartaric acid content, and also its bark and leaves are used for wound healing. Due to acidic content longed-term use can lead to tooth decay. The content of tannin can make it difficult to digest tamarind, so it is recommended to consume it as boiled or in water. When tamarind consume with asprin and ibuprofen, bioavailability of and blood concentration of drugs increase. Considering health effects such as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetics etc.,be careful for drug interactions and other potential adverse effects in the use of tamarind which is inevitable in the use of ayurvedic medicine.

KEYWORDS Tamarind, Tamarindus indica, Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant

Corresponding Author: MUSTAFA FEVZİ KARAGÖZ, mmufeka@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1154

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1089

USE OF HAWTHORN (CRATAEGUS SPP.) FOR DIFFERENT MEDICINAL USES 1

MURAT AYDEMIR , MEHMET NURI NAS

ABSTRACT The hawthorn is known in Turkey with different names such as yemisen, alic, aluc, erderan, beyaz diken or eksi musmula. There are up to 200 species of recipient of the Rosaceae family under the Crataegus genus in the world, and this number has been increased to 1200 by some taxonomists. There are 17 species of Crataegus in Turkey. Naturally the most spreading species is Crataegus monogyna at the same time Crataegus orientalis, Crataegus oxyacantha and Crataegus aronia species are also common. Hawthorn fruit and flowers contain many useful substances for human health, especially antioxidant flavonoids (flavanes), vitamins (especially vitamin C), saponins, organic acids, ether oils and sugars. In the field of medicine, the number of studies analyzing the effects of substances contained in hawthorn fruits on human health are increasing day by day.

KEYWORDS Hawthorn, medicine, antioxidant

Corresponding Author: MURAT AYDEMİR, murataydemir46@gmail.com 1 KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİV, TÜRKOĞLU M.Y.O. 2 ŞIRNAK ÜNİV. ZİRAAT FAK. BAHÇE BİTKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ

1155

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1090

NUTRITIVE VALUE AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF CHIA SEED (SALVIA HISPANICA L.) 1

YELIZ SERIN , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , HATICE BÖLÜKBAŞI

ABSTRACT Salvia hispanica L., also known as chia, is a herbaceous plant cultivated semi-annually, and it belongs to the family Labiatae, division Spermatophyta, and kingdom Plantae. Chia is native to the region that stretches from North Mexico to Guatemala. Its seeds were widely used by Aztec tribes for food, medicine, and paints. Nowadays chia seeds are commercially grown in Mexico, Bolivia, Argentina, Ecuador, and Guatemala. The seeds are small with an oval, flattened shape and ranged in color from dark coffee to beige with small darker spots. The chia plant is sensitive to daylight and produces black and white seeds. Black colored chia seeds are more common. White seeds are larger, thicker and broader than the black seeds.The plant can grow in a wide range of well-drained clay and sandy soils with reasonable salt and acid tolerance.Different ecosystems have variable significant effects on the nutrient composition of Salvia hispanica especially its protein and oil content and also the fatty acid composition. The environmental factors which have been found to influence the composition of chia seeds include temperature, light, soil composition and type/variety. Chia seed contains a significant amount of lipids (approximately 40% of the total weight), with almost 60% of the lipids comprising Omega-3 fatty acids. Dietary fiber constitutes more than 30% of the total weight of the seed, and approximately 19% of the seed contains proteins of high biological value. The 25-g serving of chia seeds had 540 kJ, with 7.7 g total fat, 3.9 g protein, 11.0 g carbohydrate, 9.4 g dietary fiber, 4.4 g ALA, 1.4 g linoleic acid, and 158 mg calcium. Chia seeds possess many important functional properties(water-holding capacity (the chia seeds can absorb water up to 12 times their weight), oil holding capacity, solubility, viscosity, emulsion stability and foaming stability) which prove its potential to be used as a thickening agent, gel forming agent, chelator, foam enhancer, emulsifying agent, clarifying agent, rehydrating agent and as suspension formers in the formulation of food products at both home and commercial level. All these properties make chia a promising functional food for the future.From the past to the present day, possible therapeutic effects of chia (such as control of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, as anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-blood clotting, laxative, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, analgesic, and immune improver) has been discussed in the scientific literature. Although not common in studies on humans, some research points to the consumption of chia having a positive effect on health.However, these studies vary a great deal in both sample size and the profiles of the individuals in the sample group, which may have created a discrepancy in the findings. Furthermore, the quantities and forms of chia seed —ie, milled, wholeseed, baked in bread— were different in the different studies. Also, studies of chia’s intake in a human diet which take into consideration factors such as lifestyle and genetic variations are still limited. European Parliament and Council of Europe approved chia seeds as a Novel Food in 2009. Till date, no study has revealed any adverse toxic, allergic or anti-nutritional effects after ingesting whole or ground chia seeds. In 2015, García Jiménez S and co-workers described the first case of an IgECorresponding Author: YELİZ SERİN, dytyelizserin@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1156

mediated anaphylactic reaction induced by chia seeds. The allergens involved are water-soluble and liposoluble and include a lectin, an elongation factor, and an 11S globulin as known allergens. So, more clinical trials on animals and humans need to be done to ascertain the safety aspects of chia seeds.

KEYWORDS chia, nutrient, health, functional properties

1157

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1091

USE OF MICROELGAN'S AS PIGMENT SOURCE 1

DİLCAN AKPINAR , ASENA ASENA ÜNVER , SEVİM HAMZAÇEBİ , FATMA ÖZTÜRK , HATİCE GÜNDÜZ

ABSTRACT Microalgae, which are abundant in nature, contain a wide variety of color materials in their structures. Some of those; Astaxanthin, beta-carotene, phycocyanin, xanthophyll and phytoerythrin. These pigments can be used as natural pigments in food, medicine, textiles and cosmetics instead of synthetic pigments thought to be carcinogenic. Phycocyanin is a natural coloring substance with strong fluorescence properties, blue color, odorless, non-toxic, water-soluble. Due to its fluorescent properties, it is used as a fluorescent probe in microscopic, cytometry, immunology, tissue chemistry studies. In addition, they are used in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications due to antioxidant and radical scavenging effects. In this review, the pigments obtained from microalgae, their uses and new technologies will be mentioned.

KEYWORDS Microalgae, Phycocyanin, Carotene, Pigment

Corresponding Author: DİLCAN AKPINAR, mdilcanakpinar@gmail.com 1 IZMIR KATIP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1158

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1092

DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF FIVE MULTIFLORAL HONEY SAMPLES FROM COLLECTED DIFFERENT REGIONS IN TURKEY 1

DUYGU ODABAŞ ALVER , ÖMER ERTÜRK , İLGINÇ KIZILPINAR TEMİZER , AYTAÇ GÜDER , SEVIM ÇİFTÇİ YEGİN

ABSTRACT Honey possesses antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Many chronic diseases are associated with increased oxidative stress caused by an imbalance between free-radical production and antioxidant level. For that purpose, the total phenolic contents, antioxidant potentials and antimicrobial activities of five multifloral honey samples obtained from Turkey were investigated. The world population living in rural areas have confidence in herbal traditional medicines as their primary health care, the work on features and uses of medicinal plants and honey are getting growing curiosity. The difference between them indicated the presence of antimicrobial substance in honey. The kinds of antimicrobial substances (inhibines) in honey are evaluated. Hydrogen peroxide is not the only inhibine in honey. In fact, inhibines in honey include many other substances. Two important classes of these inhibines are the flavonoids and the phenolic acids. In this study, five multifloral honeys were compared with using pollen analysis, different antioxidant and antimicrobial test methods. The antioxidant capacity of honeys was assessed through the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging activity (in terms of SC50), metal-chelating activity (%), total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). Additionally, antimicrobial activities of honey samples were investigated by using disc diffusion assay method against four Gram positive bacterias (B. subtillis, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, C. perfringens), four Gram negative bacterias (P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. enteritidis, K. pneumoniae) and a fungus (C. albicans). The antioxidant capacities of multifloral honeys were found between 251.99.-269.96 µg/mL(HPSA), 72.47-74.66% (FRAP), 599.95-633.75 µg/mL(DPPH), 34.4572.90% (MCA), 26.66-112.8 mg GAE/100 g (TPC) and 5.39-9.32 mg CAE/100 g (TFC). For comparison of these results, buthylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), buthylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol (TOC) were used as standard antioxidant compounds. The antimicrobial activity of multifloral honeys were found against B. subtillis, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, C. perfringens, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. enteritidis, K. pneumoniae, C. albicans between 9.78-14.44, 6.00-13.11, 8.6413.12, 6.00-12.27, 10.32-14.10, 6.00-15.22, 9.78-13.85, 6.00-13.22 and 6.00 mm, respectively. As a result, it has been observed that multiflower honeys had antibacterial effects against the Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria activities but not the fungus. The result of this study indicates that antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of multifloral honeys can be varied based on pollen composition.

KEYWORDS

Corresponding Author: DUYGU ODABAŞ ALVER, duygu.odabas@giresun.edu.tr 1 GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1159

antioxidant, antimicrobial, multifloral honey, pollen composition

1160

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1093

KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN AND HEALT BENEFITS 1

MUSA SERDAR AKIN , KAMILE BURCU BÜYÜKKILIÇ , ASLI ÇELİKEL , MUTLU BUKET AKIN

ABSTRACT The konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide (dietary fibre) isolated from tubers of Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch. It is a perennial plant belonging to the family Araceae. Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch has been cultivated for centuries in Asian countries as a source of food and as an ingredient for traditional Chinese medicine. Konjac products are regarded as one of the “top 10 health foods”by World Health Organization. The polysaccharide has been largely consumed as a nutritional supplement. The important health benefits of KGM includes in reducing cholesterol, normalizing triglyceride concentration in blood, promoting intestinal activity and immune function, improving blood sugar levels and wound dressing. KGM is considered as an indigestible dietary fibre being resistant to hydrolysis by the action of digestive enzymes in the human gut. In pharmaceutical industry, KGM is used in the preparation of hydrogel as a DNA-controlled release matrix. In addition, it has been used to improve glycaemia and other related risk factors for coronary heart diseases in Type II diabetic patients. Therefore, KGM is recognized as a safe biomaterial according to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration,USA) for therapeutic uses. In this review, health benefits of KGM have been investigated.

KEYWORDS Konjac glucomannan, dietary fibre, health benefits

Corresponding Author: MUSA SERDAR AKIN, sakin@harran.edu.tr 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1161

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1094

MINERAL AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NIGELLA SATIVA OIL 1

SERPIL KILIÇ , TIMUR TONGUR , MURAT KILIÇ , TANER ERKAYMAZ

ABSTRACT Nigella sativa, is a widely distributed annual herbaceous plant. For many years, the plants us efor protective and terapeutic purposes from diseases and the usage are increased for lesser side effects and more safe of plants. These kind of products are increased depends on these interests. The efficacy, stability and quality of these products are affected to the public health. In particular, Nigella sativa oil is considered as one among newer sources of edible oils and it is important role in human nutrition and health. Nigella sativa oil or extract has protective and curative actions. Therefore, this investigation was undertaken to obtain information about the mineral composition of cold-pressed Nigella sativa oil sample and to the determine fatty acid profiles. In this study, the concentrations of mineral composition (Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se and Zn) were determined in Nigella sativa oil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The samples were digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a microwave oven. The calibration was accomplished by adding the standards prepared in the concentrations of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µg L−1 from the 10 mg L−1 stock standard solution. In sample levels of Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn were found to be 475 µg/L, 20 mg/L, 112 mg/L, 456 µg/L, 10 mg/L, respectively. Selenium could not be detected. Determination of fatty acid and the esters profiles were completed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Prepared samples, for FAME analysis, a TRACE TR-Wax GC capillary column (30 m× 0.32 mm) was used. The gas chromatograph system was combined with Thermo Trace GC and ISQ mass selective detector. The GC oven was kept at 60 C for 3 min, heated at 8 C/min up to 300 C, where it was kept for 1 min, and a total analytical time was 34 min. The carrier gas was helium (1 ml/min). The analysis of a sample by GC was carried out by injecting 2 µl of the sample solution into the GC. The formed methyl ester was identified by a selected ion monitoring (SIM) method. The major components of fatty acids in Nigella sativa oil are linoleic (%41), palmitic (%24) and oleic acids (%17). % Levels of Myristic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Heptadecanoic acid, gamma-Linolenic acid (GLA), Elaidic acid, Stearic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, Methyl Eicosenoate, cis-11,14Eicosadienoic acid, Arachidic acid and Behenic acid were found to be 0.6, 0.2, 0.1, 2.3, 0.7, 9.5, 0.7, 0.5, 2.2, 0.4 and 0.1, respectively.

KEYWORDS Nigella sativa oil, essential oil component, GC-MS, mineral analysis and ICP-MS.

Corresponding Author: SERPİL KILIÇ, serpilkilic@akdeniz.edu.tr 1 AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ GIDA GÜVENLİĞİ VE TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMALAR MERKEZİ

1162

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1096

PSEUDO-CEREALS: BUCKWHEAT AND QUINOA 1

HILAL BETÜL ALTINTAŞ , YELIZ SERIN , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR TEK

ABSTRACT Cereals such as teff and millet, which grows rarely and/or in specific places, are called “minor-cereals”; small-pieced cereals, which are seed-sized, are called “pseudo-cereals”. Botanically speaking, most cereals such as wheat, barley, and rye are monocots while pseudocereals such as amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat belong to eudicots group. Buckwheat Buckwheat is an annual plant which belongs to Polygonaceae family. It is shown with 20-25 cm intervals at the end of March or at the beginning of April and harvested in September or October. The height of buckwheat to be harvested can change between 60-120 cm according to conditions and climate type. One of the most important features of buckwheat is that it can adapt to growing at high altitudes in a short time. Buckwheat grain of which glumes are removed are called groat. Those are the ones which haven’t gone through heat process; raw grains of buckwheat. Groats, fractured or whole, have no inedible black glue on. Unprocessed white grains are a bit bitter. For his reason, if they are roasted with some oil until they turn rustish red before cooking, this bitter taste will disappear and leave a nice flavor. Most common buckwheat types grown as a food source are “common buckwheat” (Fagopyrum esculen¬tum Moench) and “Tatar Buckwheat” (Tartary Buckwheat-Fagopyrum tataricum Gaerth). Common buckwheat is usually preferred because it has a delicious taste and a big seed, while Tatar buckwheat is preferred less because it has a bitter taste and a glue which can be peeled difficultly. The color of buckwheat is among the quality criteria along with its taste. Freshly harvested buckwheat seeds are light green. The color of old seeds is reddish brown. Whereas the annual buckwheat production changes year to year worldwide, the average production is around 3.5 million ton at present. In last 40 years, China has been the biggest buckwheat-producing country. %73.5 of a buckwheat grain consists of starch and %33.5 of it consists of resistant starch. Glycemic index of nutrients which contains resistant starch are usually low and this condition is an advantage for healthy adults. Quinoa Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), an annual plant, is a member of goosefoot family (Chenopodiaceae) which includes spinach and beet. This plant is an endemic plant which generally belongs to And Region of South America (Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Ecuador). Moreover, it is resistant to unsuitable climate conditions (frost, drought, etc.) and soil conditions (such as saltiness). Quinoa, used as a traditional food by most South American natives, like rice, can be used as a pilaf or be putting in soup dishes. Also, quinoa flour can be used for production of bakery products such as cookies, bread, biscuits, crisps, and pancakes. Leaves of this plant can be consumed like spinach and its sprouts can be added to salads. Buckwheat and quinoa are commonly used especially in the gluten-free food industry. Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) includes a high level of protein, diet fiber, vitamins, minerals, basic non-saturated fat acids and antioxidants such as rutin and quercetin. Likewise, quinoa includes important micro-nutritional compounds such as minerals, vitamins and bio-active elements in balanced amounts.

Corresponding Author: YELİZ SERİN, dytyelizserin@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1163

KEYWORDS psedo-cereal, buckwheat, quinoa, grain

1164

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1097

FUNCTIONAL FOOD AWARENESS OF VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS 1

NURHAN GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU , DIDEM SARIMEHMET , SEVILAY HINTISTAN , BAHAR CANDAŞ , GONCA SERDAR

ABSTRACT Functional food; Is food or food components that reduce or mitigate some of the disease and health conditions as well as basic nutrition. In recent years, globalization, population growth, changing living standards with urbanization, increased health spending, increased elderly populations, and the emergence of various diseases have caused changes in the diet of individuals. Individuals are trying to take precautions by using health protective natural products as well as medicinal products such as medicines for the protection of diseases for healthy and quality life. The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the attitudes, knowledge levels and functional power consumption of the students attending to KTU Health Services Vocational School. A questionnaire consisting of various questions was applied to the students under the 7 sections heading. Within the scope of the research, the students were evaluated whether they were familiar with the term functional foods, consumed these nutrients, consumed them and their reasons, level of knowledge about health claims, in which situations they wanted to consume these foods and how they wanted to be informed. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that the three most functional foods consumed are mineral water (%76,8), herbal teas (%66,3) and Milk and dairy products that help digestion (%49,5). The aim of students to use functional foods for their favorite taste (%56,8), the second in order to be healthy (40.5%), in third place to assist in the digestion was determined as (%33.2). It has been determined that the least use is to reduce the risk of high blood pressure. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was seen that there was no meaningful difference between genders in terms of sources of information. In this study it was concluded that students did not know that functional foods were named as functional foods despite their definitions.

KEYWORDS Student, Functional food, Awareness, Health

Corresponding Author: NURHAN GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU, ngumrukcuoglu@ktu.edu.tr 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1165

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1099

NATURAL MUSHROOMS CONSUMED IN TURKEY AND THEIR CONSUMPTION PATTERNS 1

YASIN UZUN , ABDULLAH KAYA , SEMIHA YAKAR

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fungi are important organisms that serve many vital functions especially in terrestrial ecosystems. Thoose fungi producing large and easily observed fruiting bodies are referred as macrofungi. The best known examples of macrofungi are the mushrooms. Wild edible fungi are collected and consumed by people for thousands of years. There is a huge diversity of different types, from truffles to milk-caps, chanterelles to boletes. Current checklists and the contributory studies on Turkish higher fungi were traced and it is found that about 300 edible taxa belonging to 9 orders, 40 families and 72 genera have so far been identified in Turkey and almost 54 species of them are generally or locally collected and consumed or marketted. Compared to edible macromycota of Tukey, naturally growing mushroom consumption can be regarded as very low. The Turkish people are especially know; Morchella esculenta as “Kuzu Göbeği”; Lactarius deliciosus as “Kanlıca Mantarı, Çintar” ; Terfezia boudieri as “Dolaman, Keme”; Agaricus campestris as “Çayır Mantarı” ; Pleurotus ostreatus as “İstiridye Mantarı, Kavak Mantarı, Kayın Mantarı”; Boletus edulis as “Ayı Mantarı” ; Cantharellus cibarius as “Tavuk Mantarı”; Craterellus cornucopioides as “Borazan Mantarı, Huni Mantarı” and Helvella leucomelaena as “Çukur Çanak Mantarı”. Some of the edible fungi especially Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Grifola frondosa, Hericium erinaceus and Flammulina velutipes are also cultivated in Turkey.

KEYWORDS Wild edible macrofungi, mushroom consumption, Turkey.

Corresponding Author: YASİN UZUN, yasinuzun_61@hotmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1166

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1100

COMPARATIVE OF THEIR FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES BY MIXING VEGETABLE OIL IN THE DIFFERENT RATIO 1

ŞEYMA ÇETINER , BÜLENT BAŞYIĞIT , İBRAHIM HAYOĞLU

ABSTRACT Vegetable oils have an important role to regulate the body's functions. Vegetable oil prevent lots of health problem. They relax body as mental and physical. Vegetable oils are more preferred than animal oils because it is thought that animal oils have some health problems. Vegetable oils have low ratio of saturated oil, contain oil acids which is necessary for body and they can solve Fat-soluble vitamin as A, D, E, K. Vegetable oils have high nutrition values. The objective of this study obtained a functional product by mixing oil of sesame, soybean, mustard and cumin. Antioxidant capacity of body is fungible when people consume this oil mixture because they contain vitamin e, variety sterols and sesamin, sesamol. Average refractive index, L*, a*, b*, peroxide and free acidity of oils were found to be between 1.47-1.48, 21.88-26.85, -0.15-3.68, 7.10-12.62, 6-6.25 meqg 02 kg-1 ve 0.56-3.86 (as oleic acid).

KEYWORDS sesame, soybean, mustard, cumin, oil

Corresponding Author: ŞEYMA ÇETİNER, seyma_cetiner27@hotmail.com 1 2

HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1167

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1101

UZERLIK (PEGANUM HARMALA L.) 1

EKIN DİNÇEL , AYLA ÜNVER ALÇAY , MERYEM BADAYMAN

ABSTRACT From past to present day plants are used in the treatment of many diseases. In addition to this, it is known that a variety of plants have been used for the purpose of protection from the whammy. Very commonly known as "Peganum harmala" is a plant species from the family Nitrariaceae that grows in the hot regions of Africa, Asia and America. In our country, it is found in all Central Anatolian steams, especially in Ankara, Konya, Sivas, Nigde, Erzincan, Kayseri and Şanliurfa. This plant is also known as "uzerlik, nazar otu, wild pearl grass, sipend, cypendan, isfend, mahmurcicegi, yellow garlic, ilezik, eldruk and ilruk". Uzerlik (Peganum harmala) is a perennial plant that blooms in May-July, with white flowers, 30-50 cm in length. The green cone-shaped fruit has brown seeds inside. The fruit is a flat globular capsule. Once the seeds of the uzerlik (Peganum harmala) are dried, the tea can be made. It can be consumed by mixing with honey and baked or mixed with water. Moreover, the amulets made from the Peganum harmala are hanged in the houses. In order to prevent hazelnut, grains of Peganum harmala or incense of this seed are widely used in Anatolia. The active components of the uzerlik are alkaloids, which are especially found in seeds and roots. The total alkaloid ratio is 4-7%. Among the alkaloids harmin, harmaline, harmol and blend are important. There are also glycosides called peganine and red dye in their seeds. This paint material is used for dyeing Turkish carpets. The alkaloids obtained from P. harmala seeds have a broad spectrum of pharmacological action. The seeds have hypothermic, hallucinogenic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumoral, vasorelaxan and analgesic effects. P. harmala extract is toxic at high-doses and can cause digestive problems (nausea, vomiting), liver degeneration, kidney lesions, paralysis, spongiform changes in the central nervous system, euphoria, convulsions, hypothermia and bradycardia. In high doses of intoxication, it can be fatal. However, therapeutic doses have been reported to be safe in some countries (e.g. Morocco), this plant has been reported to have been used at high doses for pregnancy termination rather than illegal abortion. Quinazoline alkaloids (e.g., vasicine and vasicinone), within P. harmala, have been attributed to the abortifacient effect of this plant. This study reviews the traditional uses and pharmacological effects of total extract and individual active alkaloids of P. harmala.

KEYWORDS P. harmala, uzerlik, whammy grass, benefits, damages

Corresponding Author: EKİN DİNÇEL, ekindincel@aydin.edu.tr 1 İSTANBUL AYDIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1168

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1104

CIRIS (ASPHODELUS AESTIVUS L.) 1

MERYEM BADAYMAN , AYLA ÜNVER ALÇAY , EKIN DİNÇEL

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that nearly 10,000 plants pecies grow naturally in our country, they are not utilized sufficiently. In order to benefit from Turkey's rich plant diversity, it is necessary to collect information on the use of plants in folk medicine cultures, to identify and separate chemical and biological methods and their active ingredients from natural sources, and to develop medicines for the treatment of diseases. Among the Asphodelaceae family, Asphodelusaestivus L. which is the genus of Asphodelus genus, is known among the population as Asphodelusaestivus. The leaves of the Asphodelus aestivus plant are similar to the leek leaf; However, it is rather small compared to leek and in most are as it is called "wildleek, Güllük, Yeling, grass and yellowlily". Asphodelusaestivus L. (Liliaceae), 50-150 cm in length, leaves in the form of swords, 35-45 cm in height, 3 cm in width; It is a gren plant all year round with pea-shaped gren fruits, 7 mm in size, flowering in April-May. It grows mainly in dry, poorly nutritious, sandy, non-cultivated soil. It is also used as an ornamental plant. It is a perennial plant that is found in some parts of Africa, Arab countries, Musar, Turkey and Europe. Asphodellus aestivus has been used as a foodstuff and traditionally because of its diuretic, wound healing, antihemoroidal, menstrual facilitating activities and therapeutic properties on alopecia and abscess. It is used as food for roots, flowering hulls and seeds, and also leaves and canned food. This plant grows in the high mountains in the spring in our country and the green leaves that come out of the soil are cut and sold as vegetables. Many dishes such as boiled, soup, salad, baked, yahnisi, rice and pie are consumed frequently during the season. There is also the use of dried grass in powder form by drying and grinding. There is a unique smell. Using this feature, the leaves of the plant are used in the production of Italian cheese "rignano garganico" and in the production of herbed cheese. Asphodel’s apart from these yeast industry, In Erzurum, ehram fabric is used to give firmness and shine. Many investigations have reported that Asphodelusters contain valuable chemical compounds such as antranoids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes and arylcoumarins, anthraquinones and glycosides, and these gastroprotective, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. It has been proven that the Asphodel increases the white blood cells (WBC) and thus has an important feature for our defense system. The root extract of AsphodelusaestivusBrot has a potential acaricidal activity, and its use is thought to reduce unwanted side effects, health problems and environmental pollution related to synthetic chemicals currently used in harmful management programs. Asphodelus aestivus in Turkey is characterized by severe neuronal pigmentation with severe neural syndrome in sheep.In this study, traditional uses and pharmacological effects of Asphadelus plant were investigated. Key words: Asphodelusaestivus L, flavonoids. *İstanbul Aydın University, ABMYO, Food Technology Program, mbadayman@aydin.edu.tr, 4441428, Ext. 41803 1. Istanbul Aydın University, ABMYO, Food Technology Program

Corresponding Author: MERYEM BADAYMAN, mbadayman@aydin.edu.tr 1 İSTANBUL AYDIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1169

KEYWORDS Asphodelus aestivus L., Flavonoids

1170

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1105

DETERMINATION OF PLUMBAGIN PHENOLIC FROM PLUMBAGO EUROPA BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH (HPLC) 1

EYYÜP KARAOĞUL , M. HAKKI ALMA

ABSTRACT The aim of the present work was to determine the extractable plumbagin phenolic compounds in the branches of Plumbago europa. The branches samples were obtained from Kahramanmaras province of Turkey. The samples were extracted by using conventional extraction method for different types of extraction and solvent. For this purpose, methanol, deionized water and city tap water were preferred for solvent use. At the same time, the samples were extracted by boiling and without boiling procedure at 100 oC for 30 min and maceration method during 1 day at the 25 oC with deionized water and city tap water. The plumbagin phenolic in samples were determined as the concentration both mg/kg (ppm) and percent amount by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Moreover, it was found that the highest and lowest concentration of plumbagin in the Plumbago europa were determined for methanol extraction (%54.09, 267mg/L) and maceration with city tap water (%5.75, 11,96 mg/L), respectively. The results showed that methanol extraction has highest concentration potential than other methods and solvents. Even, deionized water showed great potential with boiling procedure in two methods than city tap water. Probably, inorganic compounds in city tap water could be prevented the increase in extraction efficiency of plumbagin. Most likely also, because of the increased penetration into the samples with boiling procedure, this method improved the efficiency of plumbagin concentration.

KEYWORDS Plumbago europa., plumbagin phenolic compounds, extraction methods, HPLC.

Corresponding Author: EYYÜP KARAOĞUL, e.karaogul@hotmail.com 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1171

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1106

SOME MEDICINAL PLANT AND THEIR HERBAL DRUGS 1

TUĞBA BAYRAK ÖZBUCAK , ÖZNUR ERGEN AKÇİN

ABSTRACT According to World Health Organization (WHO), Herbal medicines are drugs which prepared from extracts or parts (root, leaf, flower, bark and seed) of plants for use in the treatment and to be protected from diseases. Usage of plants for treatment begins with history of humanity. Today, many drugs are derived from plants used in modern medicine. They are used as crude materials in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry because of that they contain active ingredients. In Turkey, the plants used for medicinal is estimated to be around 500. The aim of this study was introduced some medicinal plant and their herbal drugs. For this purpose, list of herbal origin drugs were provided from pharmacies in our region. The most common 15 drugs of them were determined. In this study, general features of medicinal plants and herbal drugs (commercially) made from them will be presented together in a visual way. Some of them is Cinchona officinalis L. (Nuedexta), Centella asiatica L. (Madecassol ointment), Cimicifuga racemosa L.(Remifemine), Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Venotrex medicine), Cassia sp. (Sennalax medicine), Camellia sinensis (Veregen), Capsicum annuum L. (Algowax Pomade), Hamamelis virginiana (Hametan ointment), Papaver sp. (Relistor), Atropa bellodana ( Sanctura).

KEYWORDS Medicinal plant, Herbal Drug, Pharmacy, Turkey

Corresponding Author: TUĞBA BAYRAK ÖZBUCAK, tsiozbucak@hotmail.com 1 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1172

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1109

EFFECTS OF ELLAGIC ACID ON EXPERIMENTAL TOXOPLASMOSIS 1

EROL AYAZ , KEREM YAMAN , AYHAN ÇETINKAYA , ERSIN BEYAZÇIÇEK , MÜCAHIT ÇAKMAK , GÖKÇE BOZAT

ABSTRACT Effects of Ellagic Acid on Experimental Toxoplasmosis Erol AYAZ1, Kerem YAMAN1, Ayhan ÇETİNKAYA2, Ersin BEYAZÇİÇEK3, Mücahit ÇAKMAK4, Gökçe BOZAT5 1 AİBÜ Medical Faculty, Department of Parasitology, BOLU 2 AİBÜ Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, BOLU 3 DÜ Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, DÜZCE 4 AİBÜ Lab Animals Application and Research Center, BOLU 5 AİBÜ Agriculture and Natural Sciences Faculty, Division of Medical and Aromatic Plants, BOLU Aim of our study is to examine the effects of ellagic acid on toxoplasmosis. Ellagic acid is a natural phenolic anti-oxidant found in some fruits and vegetables, especially the red ones like cranberries, raspberries, strawberries and pomegranate. These fruits make ellagic acid via hydrolisis of tannins such as ellagitanin. Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide spread obligate and intracellular parasite which has got a high seropositivity level. Toxoplasma gondii causes a disease called toxoplasmosis which is mostly asymptomatic. Depending to the immun system of the host organism, it will cause some serious conditions, like toxoplasmic encephalitis. Ellagic acid is used as an anti-parasitic against Plasmodium spp.; causative agent of malaria and Schistosoma species but no study is done with T.gondii. Method: We used commercially sold ellagic acid dihydrate from TCI company ( cat. No: E0375). We applicate this substance to 40 mice aged 2-4 months old in this study. Mice were divided into five groups according to their situation of infection and intragastric application of ellagic acid. All mice in chosen groups were infected with 1X105 tachyzoites of T.gondii RH strain. As an antiparasitic agent, 24 mg/ml dosage of co-trimoxsazole in saline, is chosen and dispensed 0.1 ml by oral gavage . Dosage of ellagic acid is adjusted 50 mg/kg in saline and dispensed 0.1 ml by oral gavage too. Group I was the healthy group without any intervention. Group II was infected with T. gondii tachyzoites. Group III was infected and treated with co-trimoxsazole. Group IV was infected and treated with ellagic acid. Last group was the group, we both apply the acid and co-trimoxsazole. After, chosen groups were infected, we observed the groups and examined the parasite load by counting tachyzoites in the intraperitoneal fluid of mice at Thoma chamber. Results: Related to parasite load obtained from study groups, we found significant decrease of parasite numbers in the groups III, IV and V, within comparison to control group II. Also, no significant difference is indicated between groups III, IV and V. Life span of mice is increased within comparison to control. As a result, we advised that the ellagic acid is found an efficacious agent for toxoplasmosis and may use for treatment. Further research is recommended for dosage optimization and different ways of application. KEYWORDS Toxoplasma gondii, Ellagic Acid, Mice, Anti-parasitic Corresponding Author: KEREM YAMAN, keremyamantbb@yahoo.com.tr 1 ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 DÜZCE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1173

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1110

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND EXTRACT OF THYMBRA SPICATA 1

EZGI METİN , GULSUM UCAK , MUHAMMED ZEKI DURAK

ABSTRACT Turkey is regarded as an important center for the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae). The family is represented by 45 genera, 546 species and 730 taxa in Turkey. The rate of endemism in the family is 44.2%. The members of the Lamiaceae are mainly found in the mountainous areas of the Mediterranean parts of Turkey. Thymbra spicata (Labiatae) is known as “Zahter” and “Karabaş Kekik” in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It grows wild in some eastern Mediterranean countries. Their dried leaves are used as a condiment, herbal tea and folk medicine. It is known as Thymbra spicata plant is used for diseases such as asthma, colic, coughs, bronchitis, rheumatism and diarrhea. In this study, total phenolic content, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties of essential oil and extract obtained from Thymbra spicata medicinal plants were investigated as well as the efficacy of two different extraction methods. The scope of study, two different methods were used, one of them hydro distillated method for the essential oil and the other one methanol extraction method for extract of the plant. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extract of the plant against nine bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 13932, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 43816, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, E. coli O157 H7 ATCC 43888, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and one fungal strain (Candida albicans ATCC 10251) were researched using disc diffusion method. The amounts of total phenolic compounds in the essential oil and plant extracts were determined by the spectrophotometric Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total antioxidant capacities were determined according to the DPPH method. Essential oils of Thymbra spicata are more effective than extracts on all the tested bacteria. Essential oil of T. spicata showed the highest antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes ATCC 13932 while the extract of T. spicata showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778. The results of antioxidant activity showed that the percentage of inhibition values ranged from 30.49 to 87.90 %. The oil of Thymbra spicata showed that the lowest antioxidant capacity (30.49 %), while the extract of Thymbra spicata showed the highest one (87.90%). It is found that the total phenolic content of the essential oil of Thymbra spicata (2.70 mg/ml) is higher than the extract of plant (1.70 mg/ml). As a consequence, the data obtained suggests that different extract method of T. spicata plant possesses useful antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and may be utilized in the food industry and as a dietary supplement. KEYWORDS Thymbra spicata, Essential oil, Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic content. Corresponding Author: EZGİ METİN, sevilezgi@windowslive.com 1 YİLDİZ TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY

1174

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1111

SOME HERBAL TEAS, USAGE AREAS AND PROPERTIES OF PLANTS USED AS HERBAL TEA 1

TUĞBA ÖZBUCAK , ÖZNUR AKÇİN

ABSTRACT Herbal tea is beverage made from thein fusion or decoction of herbs, spices, fruits or other plant material in hot water. Herbal teas are consumed cold or hot. Herbal teas are used in health and beauty purposes in the world and in Turkey. In this study, fifteen plants consumed as herbal tea and teas made from them will be discussed. Investigated plant and their teas are very popular and the most used in Anatolia. These plants: Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (Theaceae), Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae), Tilia sp., Thymus sp. (Lamiaceae), Cinnamomum verumJ.Presl (Lauraceae), Zingiber officinaleRoscae (Zingiberaceae), Melissa officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), Feniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), Mentha piperita L. (Lamiaceae), Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae). Their morphological features, general information, parts used, methods of using, names of tea, scientific name and Turkish name were determined. Herbal teas can be made with fresh or dried flowers, leaves, seed sorroots, generally by pouring boiling water over the plant part sand letting them steep for a few minutes. Green tea accelerates metabolism and also has antioxidant properties. Linden tea is an antiperspirant and a breast emollient. Rosehip tea increases body resistance. Sage tea opens appetite, facilitates digestion. Sage has antiseptic properties. For sores in the throat, cold gargle is made. Thyme and cinnamon accelerate blood circulation. Cinnamon digestion cures and has antioxidant properties. Rosemary strengthens the memory and increases concentration. Echinacea tea is used for the treatment of diseases such as colds and flu. Matricaria chamomilla is themost popular source of the herbal product chamomile. Chamomile tea can help to prevent and treat colds while protecting against bacterial-related illness and infection.

KEYWORDS Herbal tea, Plant, Usage areas, Health

Corresponding Author: TUĞBA ÖZBUCAK, tsiozbucak@hotmail.com 1 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1175

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1112

AROMATIC HERBS THAT USED DURING PREGNANCY 1

VESİLE KOÇAK , KAMİLE ALTUNTUĞ , EMEL EGE

ABSTRACT Complementary and Alternative Medicine is a series of health approaches with a history of use other than medical treatments. It covers a broad range of therapy divided into five categories: alternative medical practices, mental and physical interventions, biological based treatments, manipulative-body based methods and energy healing therapies (NIHS, 2017; Strouss, Mackley, Guillen, Paul, & Locke, 2014). Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a different collection of health care. Women at maternal age represent one of the biggest group of CAM users. The National Health Interview Study (NHIS) analysis in USA in 2007 reported that almost half of the women at the age of 18-49 used a kind of CAM in the previous year (Holden, Gardiner, Birdee, Davis, & Yeh, 2016). Many pregnant women throughout the world are increasingly using the alternative and complementary treatment methods for their pregnancy problems as they regard them to be natural and safe (Joa, Haeng Leeb, Moo Leea, Leec, Kwackd, & Kime, 2016). This ratio varies by 7% - 55% depending on the geographical location and socio-cultural structure (Cuzzolin, Francini-Pesenti, Verlato, Joppi, Baldelli, & Benoni, 2010). Pregnant women employ several methods to cope with the problems of pregnancy. One of these methods is the use of herbal products. The most common problems during pregnancy are nausea, heartburn, vomiting, skin problems, constipation and indigestion (Al-Ramahi, Jaradat, & Adawi, 2013). Morover, there are other problems like toothache, other pains of various type, flue, stomach-ache and chest pain (Mothupi, 2014). The mostly used herbal products to cope with these problems are ginger, garlic, eucalyptus and tenaadam (Rutachalenssis) (Al-Ramahi, Jaradat, & Adawi, 2013, Mothupi, 2014, Mekuria etal. 2017, Bayisa etal. 2014, Laelago etal. 2016). Ginger is one of the best natural medicines known used for pregnancy nausea and vomiting. Ginger appears to be useful for morning sickness but it is not clear whether it is safe to use during pregnancy. Some studies indicate that ginger may potentially affect the foetal sex hormones (Al-Ramahi, Jaradat, & Adawi, 2013). The pregnant women start the use of herbal products on their own or by the recommendation of their families and they usually don’t consult with health professionals (Ekrasarian, Rostami, Charati, & Abdollahi, 2016, Kıssal, Çevik Güner, & Batkın Ertürk, 2017). Women like using these products despite the lack of sufficient evidence and safety measures for the use of herbal products. During pregnancy, many women consider herbs to be natural and risk-free, and they are not aware of their possible negative effects. (Kalder, Knoblauch, Hrgovic, & Munstedt, 2011; Strouss, Mackley, Guillen, Paul, & Locke, 2014). The use of herbal treatment may lead to abortion or premature birth, presence of malformation, intrauterine growth retardation and low neonatal birth weight (Cuzzolin L., Francini-Pesenti, Verlato, Joppi, Baldelli, & Benoni, 2010). In conclusion, pregnant women employ herbal products for their physiologic and psychological problems, and they usually decide on their own what herbs to be used. Most of the pregnant women believe that the herbal treatments are safe. The studies on the safety of herbal products are not sufficient. There is need for evidence based studies on the use of herbal products during pregnancy. Corresponding Author: VESİLE KOÇAK, and.sile@hotmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1176

KEYWORDS Pregnancy; Herbal Treatment; Alternative Treatment

1177

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1113

EVALUATION OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF CORIANDER (CORIANDRUM SATIVUM) IN TURKEY AND WORLD 1

GÜLSÜM YALDIZ , MAHMUT ÇAMLICA

ABSTRACT Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is medicine and spice plant which is generally annual plant from Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. It has special smell and it is rich in terms of micro and macro nutrients. While seeds of coriander are rich as essential oil, it has vitamins with regard to leaves. Linalool is the most component in coriander with 60-70%. Apart from linalool, cymene, camphor, yterpinen and a-pinene are also important components. In our country, it is common Mardin, Gaziantep with big kernel variety of coriander and Erzurum, Van, sinop with small kernel. Coriander is grown in Russia, Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, England, Netherlands, Morocco and Egypt in the world. In addition to, fresh herb of coriander is used Argentina, South America, Caucasus, Iran, Iraq and Mexico. But the main producer countries are Ukraine, Russia, Morocco, Argentina, Mexico, Romania and India. India corresponds to product of coriander about 25-40% in the world. The most raw oil was obtained from Germany (28.4%) and the lowest essential oil was obtained from Bangledesh (10%)in 2012 year. In terms of essential oil, the lowest producer country was Brazil (0.03%) and the highest producer was India (2.2%) in 2012 year. As raw oil and essential oil, Turkey had %16.5 raw oil and 0.9% essential oil in 2012. In 2013 year, Turkey exported 216 tons coriander seeds and had $543.000. The highest average seed yield was produced in Portugal (1900 kg/ha), the lowest average seed yield was obtained from pakistan (864 kg/ha). India and Netherlands had trade value in the world with $26 million and $3 million and amount of trade was similar trade value with 34 million(kg) and 4 million(kg), respectively. In this review, yield and quality of coriander was determined depended on essential oil, raw oil, production of coriander, producer countries and Turkey, amount of production in the world and Turkey.

KEYWORDS Coriander, Yield, Export, Turkey, World

Corresponding Author: GÜLSÜM YALDIZ, g_yaldiz@hotmail.com 1 ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1178

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1114

A RESEARCH ON MEDICINAL PLANT CYCLAMEN COUM SUBSP. COUM TAXA 2

TUĞBA BAYRAK ÖZBUCAK , GÜLAYCAN POLAT , ÖZNUR ERGEN AKÇİN , HAMDI GÜRAY KUTBAY

ABSTRACT Cyclamen coum subsp. coum Mill. (Primulaceae) is a perennial geophyte species which is used as medicinal plant (boils treatment, stains and sunburn, gout, emetic, poisonous animal bites, in lowering the cholesterol level in the blood and tinnitus). Local names of taxa which commonly used in public are Yersomunu, Danagöbeği, Kızıl menekşe, Domuz ekmeği, Domuz elması, Domuz turpu, Domuz avşağı and Tavşankulağı. In this study, some of morphological characters were determined in Cyclamen coum subsp. coum samples collected from different localities in Ordu province (Turkey) depending on the elevational gradient (from sea level to 1850 meters). The shoot length, number of nodes and branches, leaf length and width, living leaves, dead leaves, the number of flowers, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf weight/leaf area (LMA) were calculated separately in the plant samples. According to statistically analyses there were found shoot length, bulb width, leaf width, leaf length, numbers of branches and flowers were found statistically significant, whereas the length of tubers, root-shoot ratio, number of living and dead leaves, number of node, the SLA and the LMA values were not significant. Knowing these morphological properties is important for protecting species and culturing.

KEYWORDS Cyclamen coum var. coum, Geophyte, Morphology, Protecting

Corresponding Author: GÜLAYCAN POLAT, gulaycan.polat06@gmail.com 2 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ONDOKUZMAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1179

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1115

THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUS) 1

GÜLDEN DOĞAN , AZIZE DEMIRPOLAT , EYÜP BAĞCI

ABSTRACT Milk thistle purifies the liver from all toxic and harmful substances, supports the regeneration of liver cells. In this study, the chemical composition of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner = Carduus marianus L.) from Turkey investigated. The chemical composition obtained by hydrodistillation of was investigated by GC and GC-MS systems. The essential oils yield is 1.1% (v/w). Eight constituents were comprised the 97.3% of the total oil extracted from the Milk thistle. The major compounds of Milk thistle were determined as oleic acid (45.6%), linoleik acid (29.0%), ethylbenzene (7.0%) and stearic acid (5.7%).

KEYWORDS Milk thistle, Chemical Composition, GC-GC/MS, Turkey.

Corresponding Author: GÜLDEN DOĞAN, gdogan@firat.edu.tr 1 FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAK. BİYOLOJİ BÖL./ELAZIĞ 2 FIRAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1180

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1117

AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON MEDICINAL GEOPHYTE CYCLAMEN COUM SUBSP. COUM 1

TUĞBA BAYRAK ÖZBUCAK , GÜLAYCAN POLAT , ÖZNUR ERGEN AKÇİN , BURAK SÜRMEN

ABSTRACT Turkey is a very rich country in terms of wild plant species. 816 geophytes taxa were identified according to Tubives records. Geophytes are plants that survive part of their annual life cycle as a dormant, fleshy underground structure (bulb, rhizome and tuber). Geophytes have been used as food, medicinal, industrial and economic for many years. Geophytes were threatened by various activities (overgrazing, industrialization, agricultural struggles, forest fires, new road opening, and illegal collection) in our country. C. coum subsp. coum.Mill. (Primulaceae) is medicinal and ornamental geophytes plant. Plant has emetic, laxative and stimulating effects. Its tuber is preferred food by pigs. Local names are used in public are Alayaprak, Danagöbeği, Devetabanı, Domuzekmeği, Domuzelması, Domuzturpu, Kırmenekşesi, Kızılmenekşe, Köstüköpeği, Kuskusa, Tavşankulağı, Topalak and Yersomunu. Plant is in CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora) due to threatened by illegal collection. Therefore the ecological characters of this species are important for its conservation. The aim of this study was investigated Reproductive Effort (RE) values and soil properties of Cyclamen coum subsp. coum (Primulaceae) along an elevation gradient. Reproductive effort (RE) is an important trait for the adaptive ability of a particular species. RE1, RE2, RE3 and RE4 values were determined as RE value. RE values were calculated as follows; RE1= flower biomass/ above ground plant part biomass, RE2=flower biomass/total plant biomass, RE3=flower nitrogen concentration/above ground plant part nitrogen concentration, RE4= flower nitrogen concentration/total nitrogen concentration. According to the results of study, the lowest RE1, RE2 and RE3 values were found in 1850 meters while the lowest RE4 value was in 500 meters. The results of statistical analysis made for the reproductive effort values indicate that only RE3 values were found to be significant. In soil samples taken from different altitudes was carried out physical and chemical analysis. There were found sea level and 1850 m. localities have sandy-loam soils while 500 m. locality has sandy-clay-loam soil. In addition, it has been determined locality of 1850 meters has strongly acidic while the sea level locality has weakly acidic in character.

KEYWORDS Cyclamen coum subsp. coum, Medicinal plant, Conservation, Ordu

Corresponding Author: GÜLAYCAN POLAT, gulaycan.polat06@gmail.com 1 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ONDOKUZMAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1181

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1118

CHROMATOGRAPHIC AND SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC ACID AND FLAVONOID CONTENTS WITH RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF CUSCUTA CAMPESTRIS 1

EMINE AKYÜZ TURUMTAY , EMINE KILICKAYA SELVI , HALBAY TURUMTAY , ADEM DEMIR

ABSTRACT As a holoparasitic plant, Cuscuta campestris Yuncker (C. campestris) is being valorized for treatment of liver injury and cancer in traditional medicine. Phenolic acid and flavonoid content of C. campestris were evaluated in this study by analyzing its diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, nbutanol and water extracts. Antioxidant potential of these extracts were characterized with their total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. The individual phenolic compounds of all extracts were analyzed by HPLCDAD to illuminate the responsible antioxidants. Ethyl acetate extract revealed significantly highest antioxidant effect, and also had highest TPC and TFC contents. The most amount of phenolic compounds were quantified in methanol extract by HPLC-DAD analysis. Isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin were the major compounds of the methanol, ethyl acetate and diethyl ether extracts. The most amount of rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside) was found in the water extract. Ferulic acid was the highest phenolic compound in the butanol extract. As a result, C. campestris, a rich source of phenolic compounds, may be a reliable candidate for drug development.

KEYWORDS Cuscuta, bioactive compounds, flavonol.

Corresponding Author: EMİNE AKYÜZ TURUMTAY, emine.turumtay@gmail.com 1 RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN UNİVERSİTY 2 KARADENİZ TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY

1182

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1119

DETERMINATION OF GERMINATION ABILITY OF BASIL IN INCREASING SALT CONCENTRATIONS 1

MAHMUT ÇAMLICA , GÜLSÜM YALDIZ

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the most environmental problems in arid and semi-arid region. It is an abiotic stress factor which restricts crop production and affects development of plants. One of the these plants is basil (Ocimum basilicum). It is an annual medicinal and aromatic plant from Lamiaceae family. The present study was carried out to determine the response of different salt concentrations from 0 to 240 mM which increasing 20 mM. The experiment was conducted with randomized complete block design with 3 replications and placed 20 number from seeds of each plant in petri dishes. 39 petris were used consisting from 1 plant x 13 salt levels x 3 replicats. Germination tests were made at constant temperature (29±1 °C), dark field and drying oven in laboratory conditions. Appropriate test solution was placed at each petri dish being 5 ml and was renewed with an interval of two days. According to the study results, germination speed and power of basil seeds completed within 3-15 days. The results noted that root lenght changed between 0.08-5.07 cm, shoot lenght changed between 0.1-5.82 cm in the basil and they changed between 10-100% germination rate between the 0-240 mM salt concentrations. The lowest germination speed and power were seen in 240 mM and the highest germination speed and power were seen in 20 mM except control (pure water) condition. Germination percentage of basil seeds were decreased from 0 (control) to 240 mM. In addition to this, the highest shoot and root lenght were obtained from 20 mM and the lowest shoot and root lenght were obtained from 240 mM except control condition. Root lenght/shoot lenght was also determined changing between 0.43-1.27 cm. To results, it was determined that germination number and rate, shoot and root lenght were statistically affected by different salt doses. Considering different salt doses, the highest number of germination was obtained from 20 mM salt application, the lowest value was determined in 240 mM salt application compared to control application. It is suggested that salt tolerence studies should be preferred under 200 mM salt concentration to obtain the germination number and rate over 80% in different salt concentrations and in order to grow the basil under salted areas.

KEYWORDS Basil, Salt, Germination, Root and shoot lenght

Corresponding Author: MAHMUT ÇAMLICA, mcamlica25@outlook.com 1 ABANT İZZET BAYSAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1183

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1121

CHARACTERIZATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ROSA CANINA ON BACTERIAL DNA POLYMERASES 1

HALBAY TURUMTAY , EMINE AKYUZ TURUMTAY , ADEM DEMIR , EMINE ESRA BUDAK , CEMAL SANDALLI

ABSTRACT Investigation of novel plant-based agents might provide alternative antibiotics and thus fight antibiotic resistance. Here, we measured the ability of fruit and leaf extracts of Rosa canina to inhibit nonreplicative (Klenow Fragment-KF and Bacillus Large Fragment-BLF) and replicative (DnaE and PolC) bacterial DNA polymerases along with their antimicrobial, DPPH free radical scavenging activity (RSA), and chemical contents by total phenolic content and HPLC-DAD analysis. We found that leaf extracts had nearly 10-fold higher RSA and 5-fold greater TPC than the corresponding fruit extracts. All extracts had large amounts of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and rutin, while fruit extracts had large amounts of quercetin. Hydrolysis of fruit extracts revealed mainly caffeic acid from CGA (caffeoylquinic acid) and quercetin from rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside), as well as CGA and derivatives of CGA and p-coumaric acid. Plant extracts antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative microorganisms. Thus, these species can be considered a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents specific for Gram-negative bacteria.

KEYWORDS Rosa canina, phenolics, DNA polymerase inhibition

Corresponding Author: HALBAY TURUMTAY, hturumtay@gmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY 2 RECEP TAYYİP ERDOGAN UNİVERSİTY

1184

Poster Session 8 Submission ID: 1780

A REVIEW ON SAFFRON 1

MERVE ÖZDEMIR , SERAY AKALIN

TE D

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

From the family of Irisaceae (Crocus sativus), an onion plant, saffron is known as the world's most expensive spring. Moroccan, Indian, European, Arabic and Turkish cuisines are commonly used for the purpose of coloring and adding flavor to foods and for treating traditional diseases in various diseases. Recent studies have begun to focus on the important effects of saffron on metabolism. Research on the bioactivity of safronn has shown an antioxidant effect in living organisms. These studies, carried out in a wide range of, confirm that the genotoxic chemicals of the saffron can inhibit damage caused by it, suggesting that oxidative stress can be reduced in living organisms. It is a compound which gives the characteristic features of crocin, piccrocin and safranal plant. Along with many other effects such as antioxidants, anticancer agents, immunomodulators and antidepressants, saffron extracts, and potentially antitumor, antidepressant and memory healing properties of crocin, are also promising for Alzheimer's, one of the major problems of our time. At the same time, a certain amount of saffron consumption can be used to prevent the development of obesity thanks to digestive toxins are investigated. In recent years, saffron has been attracting attention due to the fact that it is a natural resource in the field of new drug development with different effect mechanisms on diseases.

saffron, disease, treatment

Corresponding Author: MERVE ÖZDEMİR, merve_ozdemir@hacettepe.edu.tr 1 HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1185

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 57

ANATOLIA’S SACRIFICIAL WILD FRUIT PYRUS ELAEAGRIFOLIA (AHLAT) AND EVALUATION POTENTIALS 1

AYDIN UZUN , HASAN PINAR , YAŞAR ÇAKIROĞLU , ARIF KARAKAYA , MEHMET UYSAL , GÖKHAN ÖZTÜRK , 3 4 5 1 RECEP ALI EMRE , HAKAN KELEŞ , MUSTAFA ÜNLÜ , MEHMET YAMAN

ABSTRACT Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall. is a species of wild fruit that is found naturally in our country especially in the interior and passage areas. It has long been recognized that a wide variety of natural varieties, both in-species and interspecies, is considered to be a species that grows with seeds that are open pollinated in nature. It is foreseen that this rich diversity in the dialect, which is generally observed to conform to calcareous and arid areas, has characteristics of resistance to biotic and abiotic stress (drought, lime, salt, etc.) conditions especially for rootstock breeding studies. The existing P. elaeagrifolia populations are utilized for different purposes in the regions of Anatolia in practice. Some varieties of pears are grafted on P. elaeagrifolia, they can be used for afforestation purposes in rural areas in arid conditions, fruits are consumed fresh, pickled or dried. It is known that P. elaeagrifolia is a useful product for diarrhea cutter, heart and kidneys and is used among the people. The small, and very sandy structure, is regarded as an animal feed. In addition, the branches are utilized in cane construction. With these respects, ahlat can be used for the benefit of human beings and animals for medical and nutrition purposes as well as being developed and cultured. It is very important to protect and develop this kind of adaptation to the Anatolian steppes and guarding it.

KEYWORDS Pyrus elaeagrifolia, wild fruits, ethnobotanic

Corresponding Author: AYDIN UZUN, uzun38s@yahoo.com 1 ERCİYES UNİVERSİTESİ BAHÇE BİTKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 ORMAN VE SU İŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI ÇÖLLEŞME VE EROZYONLA MÜCADELE GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 3 MEYVECİLİK ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ-EĞİRDİR 4 MERSİN ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 5 ALATA BAHÇE KÜLTÜRLERİ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ

1186

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 59

DETERMINATION OF IMPORTANT FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF PYRUS ELAEAGRIFOLIA, A WILD FRUIT SPECIES SELECTED FROM KAYSERI AND USE FOR HUMAN NUTRIENT 1

AYDIN UZUN , HASAN PINAR , YAŞAR ÇAKIROGLU , ARIF KARAKAYA , MEHMET UYSAL , MEHMET YAMAN , 3 2 KAHRAMAN GURCAN , MUAMMER COŞKUN

ABSTRACT The motherland of Anatolia, wild pear (Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall.) is one of 22 Pyrus species and spread in Southeast Europe, Russia and Turkey. Natural spreading areas in our country are reported as Kütahya, Eskişehir, Bolu, İstanbul, Kastamonu, Sivas, Ankara, Antalya and Kayseri. The trees are medium-sized, rounded crowned, often branched and thorny. The fruit is small, round and very smooth. Pyrus elaeagrifolia is deeply rooted, fully xerophilic, well adapted to the arid climatic conditions. There are of this species is mainly used as fresh fruit in the countryside, dried and pickled and can be used for nutrition purposes, as it is beneficial to the heart and kidneys with diarrhea treatment firstly in the folk medicine. In addition, cultured pears are vaccinated on matrices and evaluated for rootstock purposes. On the other hand, sandy and small fruit that is not consumed by human beings is regarded as animal feed. The main factors for the consumption of Pyrus elaeagrifolia fruits are fruit size and sandy. There are important variations in the natural genotypes in this respect. In this study, which is one of the important spreading areas of this species, Kayseri region, fruit characteristics were revealed in different types of populations and it was aimed to determine the types that are more suitable for human consumption. The study presents beneficial results for the evaluation, development and conservation of this naturally grown population where people can evaluate for different purposes.

KEYWORDS Pyrus elaeagrifolia, fruit characteristics, genetic resources

Corresponding Author: AYDIN UZUN, uzun38s@yahoo.com 1 ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ BAHÇE BİTKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 ORMAN VE SU İŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI ÇÖLLEŞME VE EROZYONLA MÜCADELE GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 3 ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ TARIMSAL BİYOTEKNOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ

1187

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1122

AN IMPORTANT FLAVONOID FOR NUTRITION: QUERCETIN 1

MUHAMMET ALI CEBİRBAY , NAZAN AKTAŞ

ABSTRACT The increase in diseases such as cancer that have occurred based on oxidative degeneration in nutrition-related cells in the recent years has generated interest in the pharmacokinetic properties of various bioactive molecules, particularly the antioxidants in foods to reduce the effects of oxidative stress. Quercetin is important for nutrition because it is a well-known flavonoid which is very commonly found in plants and it has potential functional properties. This study aimed to compile the findings about the relationship of quercetin with nutrition, sources of quercetin, its biological activity and metabolization. As a result, it emphasized that quercetin has various positive effects (e.g., antiinflammatory, antihistaminic) on cells, particularly on oxidative stress. Quercetin is found in many vegetables and fruits (e.g., citrus fruits, onions, tomatoes and capers) or foods obtained from them (e.g., wine) based on carbohydrates, ethers or phenolic acids as secondary metabolites. It is associated with many nutrition-related diseases, particularly with some cardiovascular diseases. Quercetin plays a metabolic role in glucuronidation, sulfation and methylation reactions in the human body. Further detailed studies which will determine the relationship of quercetin with nutrition should be conducted, and awareness about its effects on health should be raised.

KEYWORDS Quercetin, nutrition, flavanoids

Corresponding Author: MUHAMMET ALİ CEBİRBAY, cebirbay@gmail.com 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1188

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1123

THE FUNCTIONAL FOOD: WALNUT 1

BAŞAK ÖZDEMİR , SAADET SEVİL YÜCEL , FATMA YEŞİM OKAY

ABSTRACT Walnut is a valuable nutrient in terms of human nutrition and health and also it is a source of energy because of its fat content (59 - 74%). It provides about 700 calories per 100 g. Due to walnut’s several benefits to human health, it is remarkable precious nutrition which is wealthy with regards to fatty acids and tocopherols. Walnut oil is rich as unsaturated fatty acids and for this reason walnut has a great value in terms of health. Besides, walnut contains protein (14 - 24%), mineral compounds (1.5 - 2%), cellulose (5 - 10.5%), it is rich with B and D vitamins and also it contains A, C and E vitamins. Shelled walnuts are containing high amounts of potassium, phosphor, magnesium, calcium, sulphur and iron. Unsaturated fatty acids in walnut have an effect of decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Linoleic, oleic, linolenic, palmitic and stearic acids enable to increase HDL cholesterol and reduce LDL cholesterol, thereby walnut has an effect on cardiovascular diseases such as protector. Mineral compounds as potassium and magnesium regulate blood pressure. When consumed frequently, it provides protection from coronary heart disease. Juglone which is obtained from walnut roots has an effect of reducing gall deflection. Due to its antioxidant and phytochemical compositions, walnut avoids cell destruction of the free radicals. Besides, it enhances body resistance thereby walnut plays as a prohibitor against diabetes. It reduces cancer risk by means of its polyphenol content. High amount of omega-3 fatty acids make walnut a brain food and also it contains ready form of melatonine. Also walnut is accepted as functional food because it supplies special physiological effect in body requirement and displays activity in cure besides fulfills a need of basic nutrition. Walnut oil is used in pharmaceutical industry, its leaf, root and green shell are processed in various forms for using in some cures of diseases, also dye and tanin are obtained from walnut. After obtaining walnut oil, the rest of residue has a nutrient value for animal nutrition in terms of fat and protein content. It should not be forgotten that, in addition to walnut kernel, walnut kernel pellicle also has high nutritional and health values. There is increasing evidence that consumption of whole foods is better than isolated food components such as dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. It is emphasized that whole food such as walnut is more effective than dietary supplements in increasing LDL oxidation resistance, lowering DNA damage, and inducing higher repair activity in human volunteers.

KEYWORDS Walnut, Nutrition content, Health, Functional food

Corresponding Author: BAŞAK ÖZDEMİR, basakcnr87@hotmail.com 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ 2 BÜLENT ECEVİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ GÖKÇEBEY MİTHAT-MEHMET ÇANAKCI MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU

1189

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1124

ST JOHN’S WORT (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L.): ITS COMPOSITION AND CLINICAL PROPERTIES 1

BIRSEN YILMAZ , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR-TEK

ABSTRACT There are about 400 species of St John's wort in the world belonging to the Hypericum genus Clusiaceae family and the Hypericoideae subfamily. It is reported that the herb has about 80 types. The most common types in our country are Hypericum perforatum L., H. Trigqetrifolium, Hypericum calycinum, H. empetrifolium Willd. (heather, yellow heather), H. scabrum L. (mexican herb, kepir otu) and H. tedrapetum Fries. It is best grown in light acidic-neutral soils, mainly in Europe, Asia, North Africa and the United States. St John's wort is known in our country with different names such as tipton's weed and felty germander. It is a perennial plant with golden yellow flowers, ranging in height from 30 to 90 cm. The chemistry of St John's wort is quite complex and the available data on the active ingredients is not clear. It is also reported that the plant has different composition depending on its dry/wet status, and some components have intensified/decreased in certain areas. The major groups of dry extracts are phenyl propanoids, flavon glycosides, biflavones, oligomeric proanthocyanins as well as floroglucinols, xanthones and naftodiantrons. The phenylpropanoids in St John's wort include p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid. The anthracene derivatives especially in the hiperisin and pseudohyperaceous are found in the foliage and perforated parts of the flowers and give a red color to the oil of St John's wort. In general, when the components of the plant are evaluated, a number of compounds with biological activity are mentioned, especially anthracene derivatives (hypersecin and pseudohypercin), cholinergic acid, flavonoids, phenolic compounds (hyperforin), procyanidins, vitamin C, carotene, protein, resin and essential oils. St John's wort has been known with the healing effect of injuries for many years. Recently, the antidepressant effect has been proven and the use has become widespread. Accordingly, it is used particularly in the treatment of mild and moderate depression, cancer, diabetes, chronic rheumatism, some gastrointestinal diseases as well as throat infections, colds, antiseptic and burn wounds. In the treatment of mild and moderate depression, the daily dose is 500 mg extract (500 mg extract contains 1-2 mg of hypericin). It has been reported that hypericin, one of the major causative agents, may be effective in the treatment of AIDS as well as depression and cancer. However, as with many plant extracts, St John's wort also require extensive and long-term investigations to better understand the mechanisms of action and possible beneficial/deleterious effects.

KEYWORDS St John’s wort, health, aromatic plant

Corresponding Author: BİRSEN YILMAZ, dytbirsen@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1190

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1125

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING GREEN TEA EXTRACT 1

GÖNÜL SERDAR , CANSU ALBAY , MÜNEVVER SÖKMEN

ABSTRACT Synthesis and Characterization of Sılver Nanopartıcles Using Green Tea Gönül SERDAR1, Cansu ALBAY1, Münevver SÖKMEN2 1Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Analytical Chemistry, 61080 Trabzon, 1Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, 61080 Trabzon, 2Konya Food and Agriculturel University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of bioengineering, 42080 Konya gonulserdar@ktu.edu.tr In this study, the synthesis and characterization of Ag nanoparticles from green tea collected the Eastern Black Sea region was investigated. Microwave extraction was applied to caffeine and catechin coextraction from tea samples. A household microwave system device was used for microwave extraction. 10 g of sample was shaken in 100 mL of water for 90 min at room temperature and then extracted in a household microwave device at 90 ° C, 3 minutes, 360 W. Ag nanoparticles were synthesized that the obtained aqueous solution was taken in different volumes by mixing 100 mL of 1mM AgNO3 solution at room temperature of 0-60 min for different times. UvVisible spectroscopy is one of the widely used techniques for the characterization of nanoparticles. A yellow coloration appeared, indicating the onset of Ag nanoparticle formation. The progress of the reaction was monitored by measuring the absorbance of the solution at regular intervals of time. Absorption spectra were measured on a Shimadzu UVP-1240 spectrophotometer. Keywords: Green tea, Ag tanoparticul, Microwave Assisted Extraction, UV-Visible REFERENCES: [1]. Loo, Y.Y., Chieng, B.W., Nishibuchi, M., Radu, S., 2012. Int. J.Nanomed.,7, 4263–4267. [2]. Jia, J.L., Xu, H.H., Li, D.Q., Ye, W.H., Liu, W.J. 2015. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and NanoMetal Chemistry, 45, 941–946. [3]. Khalil, M.M.H., Ismail E.H., El-Baghdady, K.Z., Mohamed, D. 2014. Arabian J. Chem., 7, 1131–1139.

KEYWORDS Green Tea, Ag tanoparticul, Microwave Assisted Extraction, UV-Visible

Corresponding Author: GÖNÜL SERDAR, gonulserdar@ktu.edu.tr 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 KONYA GIDA VE TARIM ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1191

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1127

ISOLATİON OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM AN ENDEMİC PLANT SPECİES ‘TANACETUM ALYSSIFOLIUM’ AND DETERMİNATİON OF ANTİOXİDANT-ANTİPROLİFERATİVE PROPERTİES 1

YAKUP ULUTAŞ , EKREM KÖKSAL , AHMET ALTAY

ABSTRACT Secondary metabolites, synthesized by plants, both during normal development and in response to stress conditions are phenolic compounds. The intake of these compounds is an important health-protecting factor. Reactive oxygen species responsible of oxidative stress are involved to the chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, obesity, diabetes, and coronary diseases. Many studies with different type of species of tanacetum medicinal plant revealed many bioactive properties of these plant species such as antioxidant, antimutagenic and anti-carcinogen. The aim of this study was to isolate the available secondary metabolites in Tanacetum alyssifolium plants by column chromatography and determine their structures with spectroscopic methods as well as their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. For this purpose, Tanacetum alyssifolium plants was collected from the foothills of Munzur Mountains in Erzincan province and dried at room temperature. The upper part of ground plant was extracted with ethyl acetate/ butanol solvent system. The butanol extract was subjected to the procedure of column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1 H-NMR, 2 D-NMR, HPLC-TOF) to reveal that luteolin 7-oglycoside, umckaline and S-8-H29. The antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated according to the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging and metal ion chelating capacities. Antiproliferative activities of the samples was investigated on HeLa (Human Rectum Cancer) and C6 (Rat Brain Tumor) cell lines and compared with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), which is used as an anticancer drug. In the antiproliferative activity tests, n-butanol extract, Umckalin, Luteolin 7-oglycoside and S-8-H29) showed lower activity than 5-FU against both HeLa and C6 cell lines at four different concentrations (5, 25, 50 100 μg/ml). The antiproliferative activities of the samples against the HeLa cells at the highest dose of 100 μg/mL were; 5-FU> butanol extract> Umckaline> S-8-H29> Luteolin 7-o-glycoside, respectively. On the other hand, antiproliferative activities against C6 cells were observed as 5-FU> butanol extract> Luteolin 7-o-glycoside> Umckaline> S-8-H29, respectively.

KEYWORDS Tanacetum alyssifolium, isolation anticancerogen activity, antioxidant activity, secondary metabolite

Corresponding Author: YAKUP ULUTAŞ, ykp.ulutas@gmail.com 1 ERZİNCAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1192

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1128

EVALUATION OF INFORMATION AND REFLECTIVES OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF HEALTH SERVICE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL STUDENTS 1

DIDEM SARIMEHMET , NURHAN GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU , SEVILAY HİNTİSTAN , BAHAR CANDAŞ , GONCA SERDAR

ABSTRACT Objectives:The study was conducted as a descriptive study to determine the knowledge and thought of the students attending Karadeniz Technical UniversityHealth Services Vocational School (KTU SHMYO) on Alternative and Complementary Medicine Methods: The study group consisted of 230 individuals studying at KTU SHMYO. Data was collected from December 2016 to March 2017 using a questionnaire. Numbers of percentage test was used in evaluating the data. Findings: 70.8% of the students were found not to use the CAM methods at all. It was determined that the students who used CAM especially preferred to use these methods in order to decrease their stress (%30.9), for their health problems (%26) and hair and facial treatment (%11.6). Most of these methods were seen / heard via internet (39.9%) and friends (16.7%). The use of herbal products (59.2%) was found to be the generally recognised; while massive massaging (13.3%) was the most commonly known CAM method. Results: Students generally do not have detailed knowledge of CAM methods. It was found that the methods used more frequently in everyday life were even more recognised by the students

KEYWORDS Complementary Treatment, Alternative Treatment, Student

Corresponding Author: DİDEM SARIMEHMET, didemsarimehmet@ktu.edu.tr 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1193

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1129

ASSESSMENT OF IN VITRO ANTIGENOTOXIC EFFECT OF ΑTOCOPHEROL AGAINST MITOMYCIN-C INDUCED MICRONUCLEUS FORMATION 1

KÜBRA SEVIMLI CAN , FATMA UNAL , ECE AVULOĞLU YILMAZ , DENIZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU

ABSTRACT Alpha-tocopherol (AT), better known as Vitamin E (Vit-E), is an important compound in cell membranes and has specific biological effects on regulating gene expression, signaling, cell proliferation and reproduction. Alpha-tocopherol is present in a lot of different vegetables such as spinach, turnip greens, broccoli, asparagus, tomatoes, mango, and orange vegetables such as carrots. Many edible nuts such as almonds, hazelnut, pine nuts, peanuts, and pistachios are good sources of AT. Vegetable oils such as wheat germ oil, sunflower, safflower, grape seed, almond, corn, peanut and olive oils are another important sources of AT. Vit-E is a primer biological antioxidant and enables prevention of oxidation reactions. It also plays a role in the reduction of free radicals, in this way it provides protective property against potential toxic effect of highly reactive compounds. In this study, possible antigenotoxic effect of α-tocopherol, known as vitamin E, against Mitomycin C (MMC) (antitumor agent) induced genotoxic damage was investigated. For this purpose, micronucleus (MN) assay was performed in human peripheral lymphocytes in culture from two donors, a woman and a man. Different concentrations of α-tocopherol (25, 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL) were used in combination with 0.20 µg/mL MMC. In the treatment of lymphocytes, the following groups were studied. 1) pretreatment with α-tocopherol 1 h before MMC; 2) simultaneous treatment with α-tocopherol and MMC; 3) post-treatment with α-tocopherol 1 h after MMC. Lymphocytes were treated with MMC alone or together with α-tocopherol for 24 h and 48 h. In all the treatments, α-tocopherol reduced the frequency of MN compared to MMC alone. In the 24 h pre-treatment group, the frequency of MN decreased significantly at the highest concentration of α-tocopherol compared to positive control. In the simultaneous treatment, a statistically significant reduction was observed at 50 and 200 µg/mL concentrations of α-tocopherol compared to positive control. In the post-treated lymphocytes, none of the reductions in MN frequency was significant. In 48 h pre-treatment group, a significant reduction of MN frequency was observed at 100 μg/mL concentration of α-tocopherol compared to the positive control. In simultaneous and post-treatment (except 100 µg/mL) groups, MN frequency decreased non significantly at all the concentrations. The result of this study showed that MMC increased the frequency of MN in lymphocytes. The antigenotoxic experiments indicated that α-tocopherol was able to ameliorate the genotoxic effect induced by MMC.

KEYWORDS α-tocopherol, mitomycin C, antigenotoxicity, micronucleus test Corresponding Author: FATMA UNAL, funal@gazi.edu.tr 1 2

GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1194

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1130

SAGE AND HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT 1

SERKAN ASLAN , EDA KÖKSAL

ABSTRACT Sage (Salvia officinalis) is commonly located in Turkey produced medical aromatic plants. The genus Salvia is distributed all over the world, with belonging to the Lamiaceae family represented by over 900 species. Salvia officinalis, one of the Salvia species, is one of the important species due to its medicinal and aromatic character. The botanical name of sage is a clear reference to the plant of the genus name Salvia comes from the Latin salvāre meaning "to save" or "to heal" and Officinalis means medicinal. Studies on animals have shown that more than 400 plant species have a hypoglycemic effect. One of these plants is Salvia officinalis. Salvia officinalis has been used as a traditional treatment of diabetes in many countries, and glucose-lowering effects have been shown in animal studies. Diabetic patients have increased oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense systems, which appears to contribute to the onset and progression of diabetes-related complications. It is believed that the antidiabetic effect of the sage is caused by its high antioxidant content. Its flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds (Carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid) have a strong antioxidant and radical cleansing role. A methanol extract of Salvia officinalis given intraperitoneally in diabetic rats significantly reduced blood glucose without any change in insulin levels in rats. In another study, Aqueous ethanol extracts of Salvia officinalis have been found to significantly reduce blood glucose in healthy rats and to significantly reduce hyperglycemia in mildly type 1 diabetic rats. Tea-infusions of Salvia officinalis have been shown to possess similar effects in vitro. Salvia officinalis administered by oral route showed significant hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rats. In a study conducted with humans, no effect was observed on fasting blood glucose of sage tea (300 ml twice daily). However, drinking sage has improved lipid profile and antioxidant capacity and has been shown to benefit indirectly from diabetes. In conclusion, many in vitro studies show that the antidiabetic effect of sage tea is insufficient to study on humans. More research is needed in this area to determine factors such as quantity, infusing type and duration that are effective on humans. It is important for diabetics to be warned about sage tea use and hypoglycemic effects.

KEYWORDS date palm, antioxidant, nutrition

Corresponding Author: SERKAN ASLAN, serkanaslan43@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ/SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ/BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1195

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1131

MEDICINAL USES OF EVERNIA PRUNASTRI 1

CELALEDDIN ÖZTÜRK , HATICE ESRA AKGÜL , GIYASETTIN KAŞIK , SINAN ALKAN

ABSTRACT Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. also known as oakmoss is a species of lichen that represents symbiotic organisms consisting of the mycobiont and photobiont. The use of lichens in medicine is based on the fact that they contain unique and varied biologically active metabolites. Oakmoss is used in medicine due to its antiseptic, demulcent, expectorant and restorative properties. Its essential oil is also used in certain perfume compositions. Here; we review the medicinal efficacy of Evernia prunastri which intends to explore the pharmaceutical potential of the lichen substances.

KEYWORDS Active metabolites, Evernia prunastri, Oakmoss

Corresponding Author: HATİCE ESRA AKGÜL, h.esakgul@gmail.com 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1196

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1132

EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE AND AIR VELOCITY ON BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF DRIED CORNELIAN CHERRY PUREE 1

İSMAIL TONTUL , EMRAH EROGLU , AYHAN TOPUZ

ABSTRACT Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a rich source of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, ascorbic acid and phenolics. Therefore, it has different health beneficial effects such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, cardioprotective, and lipid-lowering properties. According to Turkish Statistical Institute, the production of cornelian cherry in Turkey was higher than 10000 tons in 2015. The produced cornelian cherry used in production of jams, marmelades and nectar in Turkey. However, it is also used to produce different alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages due to its astringent properties. Moreover, it is also used in cosmetic and ornamental industries. There are some studies on drying of whole cornelian cherry fruits using different drying techniques. However, usability of the dried whole fruit is limited. Therefore, in the current study, cornelian cherry puree was dried using hot air drying technique. By this way, a dried product which can be used as additive or colorant in different food formulation was produced. In the current study, the effect of drying temperature (50, 60 and 70ºC) and air velocity (1, 2 and 3 m/s) on total monomeric anthocyanin content, radical scavenging activity and ascorbic acid content of the dried cornelian cherry puree was determined. The study was conducted according to factorial design and all drying experiments were carried out until moisture content of the final product reached 7.61-8.57 g/100g which corresponded 0.345-0.356 water activity. Total monomeric anthocyanin content of dried cornelian cherry puree was determined in the range of 213.2-304.4 mg C3G/100g dm. According to the statistical analyses, drying temperature, air velocity and their combination had significant effect on total monomeric anthocyanin content of the samples. The highest total monomeric anthocyanin content was determined at 3 m/s air velocity regardless of drying temperature. Radical scavenging activity of the samples were ranged between 751.3-885.6 mg trolox equivalent/100 mg dm. The highest radical scavenging activity was determined in the samples dried at 70ºC at 2 m/s air velocity while it was lowest at 60ºC at 1 m/s. Ascorbic acid content of the dried cornelian cherry puree was determined between 677.5 and 1462.8 mg/100g dm. Both factors and their interaction were found to be significantly effective on ascorbic acid content of the samples. Generally, increasing drying temperature had negative effect on ascorbic acid content. The air velocity showed huge differences according to drying temperature. Overall, drying at 60ºC drying temperature and 3 m/s air velocity provided dried cornelian cherry puree with highest content of total monomeric anthocyanin, radical scavenging activity and ascorbic acid content. The product produced using these conditions had total monomeric anthocyanin, radical scavenging activity and ascorbic acid content of 297.3 mg C3G/100 g dm, 854.6 mg trolox equivalent/100 mg dm

Corresponding Author: İSMAİL TONTUL, itontul@konya.edu.tr 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF ENGİNEERİNG AND ARCHİTECTURE, DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGİNEERİNG, KONYA, TURKEY 2 AKDENİZ UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF ENGİNEERİNG, DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGİNEERİNG, ANTALYA, TURKEY

1197

and 1222.9 mg/100g dm, respectively. The study clearly showed that, dried cornelian cherry puree can be used as an additive to increase functional properties of different food products.

KEYWORDS cornelian cherry; drying; total monomeric anyhocyanins; radical scavenging activity; ascorbic acid

1198

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1133

ROSEMARY (ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.): ITS COMPOSITION AND CLINICAL PROPERTIES 1

BIRSEN YILMAZ , GAMZE AKBULUT , NILÜFER ACAR-TEK

ABSTRACT Archaeological finds from the early ages indicate that people have benefited from many features of plants, especially in terms of obtaining nutrients and improve the health problems. Over the years, the interaction between man and plants has increased and now the ethnobotany field is born. The term "phytotherapy", which means treatment with medicinal plants, was first used by Henri Leclerc. The rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) is also found in medicinal aromatic plants which are widely produced in Turkey. Rosemary is a valuable essential oil and spice plant from the Lamiaceae family and is in the form of a half-brier or brier. R. officinalis is the most important rosemary species cultured. Rosemary, a plant that remains green all seasons, is a strong antioxidant. Rosemary come out with leaf (Rosmarini folium) and volatile oil (Rosmarini aetheroleum) In European Pharmacopoeia has many effects on health as well as the commercial use of it. Rosemary essential oil is especially important in perfume, cosmetics and aroma therapy. A lot of research has been done about secondary metabolites of rosemary. As a result of these investigations, it has been reported that rosemary has anticancer, insecticide, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. It is known that rosemary is used by people in various fields such as headache, diuretic, rheumatic diseases and wounds healing. Studies have concentrated on herbal antioxidants, as synthetically obtained antioxidants can have toxic effects. Antioxidant molecules in rosemary are defined as carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmaridifenol and rosmarinic acid in ethanol soluble fractions. Moreover, antioxidant properties are found in the essential oil fractions of the rosemary. In addition to the positive properties of antioxidants, it has been reported that they can be prooxidants and this can stimulate free radical reactions. It has been shown that the composition of the rosemary is influenced by environment, agronomic conditions, harvest time, storage period, age of the plant, developmental stage of the plant and harvested organ. For this reason, there is a need to study more about health effects.

KEYWORDS rosemary, medicinal plant, health

Corresponding Author: BİRSEN YILMAZ, dytbirsen@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1199

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1134

HELICHRYSUM SP.: KNOWN AND EVALUATED BY THE COMMON FOLK EASTERN ANATOLIA AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT SOIL AND WATER RESOURCES CAMPUS, TURKEY 1

DR.SIBEL KADIOĞLU , DR BANU KADIOĞLU

ABSTRACT Abstract In an ethno-botanic study carried out between 2013 and 2016 in Kop Pass, 14 villages were visited to record information about the plants used by the people. In 9 visited villages (Akduran, Kopköy, Taşağıl, Örence, Demirkaş, Sığırcı, Altıntaş and Başçımagil, Kapıkale) it is recorded that people are utilizing one of the Helichrysum species which they call yellow flower as a medicinal herb. The Helichrysum species that are used to decorate the ceilings and the vases at the homes are known with the names such as yellow flower, grapefruit and amaranthus. It is commonly used as herbal tea. It is noted that the herb is used internally or externally for illnesses such as stomach ache, infection, ulcer, wound, cancer, kidney stone, urinary track infection and arthritis. Helichrysum sp. is a common plant in our country even though its originally from Europe. It has 34 naturally growing species half of which are endemic. Because of this reason it is known with different names in each region (Tr. Altın çiçek, Altın otu, Sarıçiçek, Mantuvar otu, Yayla çiçeği, Herdemtaze, Solmaz çiçek, Güneş çiçeği, Güve otu, Uludağ çiçeği, Kudama, Arı çiçeği, Dudiye çiçeği, Yahudi otu, Sarı kediayağı, etc.). Medicinal plants has long-lasting usage for treatment purposes. Even though they lost their importance to some extent due to development of synthetic medicines in this area of industry, raw materials of many medicines are obtained from plants. Therefore, ethno-botanic studies that gathers the folkloric information should be increased and the result of these studies should be evaluated in pharmacologic and pharmacognosy researches.

KEYWORDS Key Words: Everlasting Flower, Helichrysum, Pharmacognosis, Herbal tea, Ethno-botanic

Corresponding Author: DR.SİBEL KADIOĞLU, sibel.kadioglu@hotmail.com 1 DOĞU ANADOLU TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1200

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1136

ETHICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE USE OF VEGETABLE PRODUCTS 1

DIDEM SARIMEHMET , NURHAN GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU , SEVILAY HİNTİSTAN , GONCA SERDAR

ABSTRACT The herbal products have been used for thousands of years in many different cultural histories. For reasons such as the increase of the expectancy of life, the fail of success in preventing and treating chronic diseases, economic inadequacy, pressure from media, ineffectiveness of modern medicine and fear or dissatisfaction from medical care; both health care providers and patients pursuit different approaches. The most familiar of these approaches is the use of herbal products. Supportive attitudes and proposals of individuals or institutions, whose identities are not sufficiently known in terms of "competence", that are not based on the scientific basis, the use of herbal products like "medicine" and collective use through written and visual media cause health workers to worry about this issue. Due to these discomforts, the development of an approach that draws the scientific and ethical aspects of the subject has has become a matter of importance by the institutions and individuals working in this area. The aim of this compilation is to provide information on the importance of the use of herbal products, ethical aspects and the responsibilities of nurses in this subject

KEYWORDS Herbal Products, Ethics, Medicine, Nursing

Corresponding Author: DİDEM SARIMEHMET, didemsarimehmet@hotmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1201

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1138

RHEUM RIBES L.: MIRACULOUS PLANT OF TURKEY ( IN ERZURUM) 1

DR. BANU KADIOĞLU , DR. SIBEL KADIOĞLU

ABSTRACT Abstract Rheum ribes is from Polygonaceae family that is one of the primary medicinal plants with distinctive aromatic taste and rich content. The plant that grows in may and june is found more in eastern regions of our country. It can grown in heights (1800-2800 or 2300-2700 or 1000-4000 meters), on rock and pebbled slopes. Rheum ribes is generally consumed fresh. Peeled stems of the flowers growing among wide and rough leaves of the plant that appears after snow melts are consumed. The versions of Rheum ribes known as ışgın or eşgın in Erzurum, in local language are ışkın, ıçgın, ıçkın, uçkun, uçgun, uşgun, uşkun, aşgın, aşkın, eşkin, eşgi. in Divanu Lügati’t-Türk, Rheum ribes is defined as “a plant with a red flower whoose sherbet is good for polio”. The edible part of “Rheum ribes” of Anatolia is “stem of flower” whereas edible part of this plant growing in England “Rheum rhaponticum” is “stem of leaf”. Today, in Erzurum Rheum ribes is consumed not only out of joy but also for medicinal purposes. It has common folkloric usage to treat diabetes and hemorrhoid. Rheum ribes that has rich Vitamin-C reserve contains Vitamins A, B1, B2, E and K. In scientific studies it is observed that Rheum ribes plays an important role for cell renewal and development. It can easily pollinate and interbreed with other species of its genus. Due to this feature, which is important for research studies, it has common usage in pharmacologic researches. However, in Anatolia there is a risk of extinction of Rheum ribes collected unconsciously and by inappropriate methods which cannot be ignored. Therefore, it should be protected and the studies on the plant should be increased.

KEYWORDS Key Words: Rheum ribes, Erzurum, Medicinal Plants, Treatment, Pharmacology

Corresponding Author: DR. BANU KADIOĞLU, banu250@hotmail.com 1 DOĞU ANADOLU TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1202

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1139

MEDICAL AND AROMATIC PLANT PRODUCTION AND FOREIGN TRADE FROM 2000 TO TODAY 1

MÜKREMIN TEMEL , A. BIRCAN TINMAZ , MUSTAFA ÖZTÜRK , ORHAN GÜNDÜZ

ABSTRACT This study is a part of the Turkish Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sector Analysis Project supported by General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Politics. This project aimed to give detailed information about the production, foreign trade amounts and changes of medicinal and aromatic plants from the year 2000 onwards. The research covers all medicinal and aromatic plants and takes place by using secondary data. Secondary data were obtained from TUIK records (foreign trade records) by screening, filtering and grouping methods and subjected to descriptive statistics. According to the findings, about 20 kinds of medicinal and aromatic plants are cultivated in the field of 1.3 million decares, and black tea, redbibber, poppy, cumin, mint, thyme, oil rose and anise are in the first place in terms of production amount. From 2000 to 2015, production sites increased by about 50%. On the other hand, more increases in the production quantities have occurred. There are dozens of plants in the foreign trade of medicinal and aromatic plants. Some of these plants are considered medicinal and aromatic plants, while they are found in industrial plants or oil seeds. Foreign trade of medicinal and aromatic plants was realized with export of 280 million dollars and import of 254 million dollars in 2015. The most important plants in export are thyme, poppy, laurel, tea, anise, caraway, sage, mahlep, redbibber and herbal teas. Thyme is in the first place with 25% share in exports. Thyme exports have increased by 300% compared to the past, reaching 56 million dollars and approximately half of them are realized in the Aegean Free Zone. Despite the increase in exports of many plants, red pepper, hemp, rosemary, peppermint, paint plants have decreased in exports. The most important plants in import are coffee, tea, linen, black pepper, carob, cumin, cumin, hops. Coffee constitutes 61% of imports. There are also many reeksports such as thyme, laurel, cumin, coffee, sage and carob. As a result, medical and aromatic plant production areas have increased, exports have increased, while imports have also increased. The foreign trade surplus is 25.3 million dollars while the coffee account includes 121.5 million foreign trade deficit.

KEYWORDS medical and aromatic, 2000's, production, foreign trade

Corresponding Author: MÜKREMİN TEMEL, mukremintemel@gmail.com 1 ATATÜRK BAHÇE KÜLTÜRLERİ MERKEZ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 İNÖNÜ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BATTALGAZİ MESLEK YÜKSEK OKULU

1203

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1141

TRADITIONAL USES OF MEDICINAL AROMATIC PLANTS OBTAINED FROM FOREST AREAS 1

GÖZDE SEZGIN , GÜLÇIN ÖZER

ABSTRACT In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for wood raw materials produced from ornaments in the world market as well as for non-wood forest products. This increase is important not only for the purposes but also for the needs of the people. Turkey, which contains 20% of herbal products used for various purposes in the world, while many of the export of medicinal and aromatic plant is located in an important position in imports. In addition, our country is the ecological potential and one of the world's few countries. As in the rest of the world, the use of medicinal and aromatic plants found in natural flora in our country has become a part of our traditional cultural richness from centuries ago. For example, the treatment of people, food, tea, spices, dyes, treatment of animal diseases, resin, gum, benefiting from essential oils and use in the beverage-cosmetics industries. The transfer of medicinal aromatic plants that are used throughout the history for different purposes and their utilization patterns to future generations is very important in terms of not losing this information. In this study made for this purpose, the history of medicinal aromatic plants, the potential in the country, the traditional usage patterns of local people have been investigated.

KEYWORDS Medicinal aromatic, traditional usage, forest product

Corresponding Author: GÖZDE SEZGİN, gozdeakcinar@gmail.com 1 MARMARA ORMANCILIK ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1204

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1142

THE USE OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN OUTPATIENTS OF ANKARA ÇANKAYA CEVIZLIDERE FAMILY HEALTH CENTER: PRELIMINARY RESEARCH 1

ÖZLEM AYNAOĞLU HAKVERDI , ALEV ÖNDER

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to examine the types and the use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), as well as the factors affecting the use of CAM in Çankaya Cevizlidere Family Health Center, Ankara, Turkey. In the study, 75 respondents were selected randomly from the Family Health Center and questionnaires were applied. The results show that 65 % of the respondents use different types of CAM. Socio-demografic characteristics did not show any significant effect on the overall use of CAM.

KEYWORDS Questionnaire, CAM, Alternative Medicine, Health

Corresponding Author: ÖZLEM AYNAOĞLU HAKVERDİ, aynaogluh@ankara.edu.tr 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, THSK ÇANKAYA TSM CEVİZLİDERE ASM 2 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ

1205

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1144

EFFECTS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS ON AGING 1

BURCU DENIZ GÜNEŞ , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , HATICE BÖLÜKBAŞI

ABSTRACT Aging is defined as a genetic physiological process associated with morphological and functional changes in cellular and extracellular components aggravated by injury throughout life and resulting in a progressive imbalance of the control regulatory systems of the organism, including hormonal, autocrine, neuroendocrine and immune homeostatic mechanisms. Aging includes a reduction in strength, endurance, the speed of reaction, agility, basal metabolism, sexual activity and hearing acuity. Aging is primarily caused by external or environmental factors that inflict cellular damage, ultimately leading to organ damage and death. The exact mechanisms underlying the aging process are not well understood, but increasing evidence shows that aging is highly associated with the chronic increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of a low-grade proinflammatory phenotype and reduction in age-related autophagy. Also, aging in humans is associated with a greatly increased incidence of a number of degenerative diseases including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Both aging and chronic diseases are highly associated with increased metabolic and oxidative stress, elevated chronic, low-grade inflammation, and accumulated DNA mutations as well as increased levels of its damage. All these factors may play an important role in the progress of aging. It was expressed that some phytochemicals present in the foods are antiaging molecules, and dietary intake of these compounds can promote health and extend lifespan. These effects can be associated with multiple mechanisms, including reducing oxidative stress, suppressing low-grade chronic inflammation, inducing autophagy, as well as regulating several important molecules involved in promoting mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis. Resveratrol, epicatechin, quercetin, curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are anti-aging effective phytochemicals. It was reported that resveratrol improved insulin resistance, blood flow, and various cardiovascular events, as well as decreased oxidative stress and inflammation, may point to a promising antiaging action of this compound, given that cardiovascular disease is a major cause of age-related morbidity and mortality in humans. Dietary intake of epicatechin can improve blood vessel function, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and inflammation, all of which could be associated with the aging process. Quercetin, curcumin and EGCG are thought to play an important role in preventing aging, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties preventing oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, other phytochemicals such as fisetin, butein, phloridzin, kaempferol, glaucarubinone and garlic extract, which contains s-allycisteine, s-allymercaptocysteine, allicin and diallosulfides were also found to be anti-aging effects in vitro studies. As a result, it can be said that phytochemicals are anti-aging effects due to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other properties. But there is a need for more studies on people to clarify these effects.

KEYWORDS Corresponding Author: BURCU DENİZ GÜNEŞ, brc-dnz@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1206

Phytochemicals, anti-aging

1207

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1145

SEASONAL EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANT CONSUMPTION (SAMPLE OF ERZURUM PROVINCE) 1

DR. BANU KADIOĞLU , DR. SIBEL KADIOĞLU

ABSTRACT Abstract: Turkey is a country where there are around 12.000 plant species whose 1/3 is endemic and 30% of this rate is aromatic. Among rich variety of plants, medicinal and aromatic herbs have a significant place and it is known that in Turkey about 500 plant species are used as medicine by the general public. In this study that intends to detect knowledge and consumption habits on medicinal and aromatic herbs of the consumers in Erzurum, sample size is determined as 384. Questionnaire is distributed to the neighborhoods proportionally. The main material of the research is the questionnaire data conducted with the consumers face to face. In the research results, consumers' medicinal and aromatic plant consumption habits are given by frequencies, percentages and cross tables depending on the seasons. The medicinal and aromatic plant consumption habits of the consumers vary depending on the season. In summer the most commonly used plant are coriander (Coriandrum sativum), mint (Mentha sp.) and nettle (Urtica sp.). These plants are used as spices, sweetening and for digestive system problems. During the winter months, cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.), linden (Tilia sp.) and rosehip (Rosa sp.) are used for treating influenza and cold, strengthening of the immune system and the fulfillment of the need for vitamins.

KEYWORDS Key words: Medicinal and aromatic plants, consumer habits, seasonal consumption

Corresponding Author: DR. BANU KADIOĞLU, banu250@hotmail.com 1 DOĞU ANADOLU TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1208

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1146

VOLATİLE OİL FOREİGN TRADE FROM PAST TO TODAY’S 1

MÜKREMIN TEMEL , A. BIRCAN TINMAZ , MUSTAFA ÖZTÜRK , ORHAN GÜNDÜZ

KEYWORDS essential oils, past, present, foreign trade

1209

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1149

ETHNOBOTANICAL USAGE OF SOME PLANT TAXA SPECIES NATURALLY GROWING IN ESKIŞEHIR 1

KURTULUŞ ÖZGİŞİ , OKAN SEZER , İSMÜHAN POTOĞLU ERKARA , DERVIŞ ÖZTÜRK , ÖMER KORAY YAYLACI , 1 ONUR KOYUNCU

ABSTRACT Eskişehir, with its approximately 220 endemic and over 1300 plant taxa, is one of the most important geographical regions of the Central Anatolia region in terms of floristic structure. Because of having neighbors in the north side such as Bolu and Bilecik where the European-Siberian phytogeographic region plant groups are dominate; the presence of large Central Anatolian steeps in the east, west and south side of the city where the Iranian-Turan phytogeographic region elements are dominate and having microclimate region around the Sakarya basin where the plant groups of Mediterranean phytogeographical region are dominate, Eskişehir hosts the plants of three kinds of phytogeographical regions. The usege of plants for different purposes by people in a region where the plant diversity is so high, is also quite common. Asteraceae (127 taxa) ; Fabaceae (94 taxa); Lamiaceae (83 taxa); Brassicaceae (70 taxa) and Caryophyllaceae (51 taxa) are in the top five in terms of the number of taxa which grown naturally in Eskişehir. When considered in terms of ethnobotonical usage, Lamiaceae (27 taxa) ; Asteraceae (21 taxa); Apiaceae (7 taxa); Rosaceae (5 taxa) and Fabaceae (4 taxa) are mostly used families. In this study which is based on both field and literature studies, ethnobotonical usage, usage methods, endemism, distribution patterns and phytogeographical characteristics of some plant taxa which are naturally grown in Eskişehir have been determined. It has been found that 65 different taxa belonging to 50 genus from 35 different families have been used for ethnobotonical purposes. 11.4% of these plants which are used by local people for ethnobotonical purposes are member of Mediterranean phytogeographic region element; 10.2% Iran-Turan phytogeographic region element and 9.23% Europe-Siberia phytogeographic region element. In addition, 4,61% of the plant taxa used for ethnobotanical purposes are endemic plant taxa.

KEYWORDS Ethnobotany, Medical Plant, Biodiversity, Eskişehir, Turkey

Corresponding Author: ÖMER KORAY YAYLACI, omerkoray@gmail.com 1 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, ESKİŞEHİR 2 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MAHMUDİYE ATÇILIK MESLEK YÜKSEK OKULU, ESKİŞEHİR, TURKEY

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1152

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OBTAINEDAS NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCT 1

A. BIRCAN TINMAZ , MÜKREMIN TEMEL , YASIN ÖZDEMİR

ABSTRACT This study aimed to give detailed information about quantities and changes of medicinal and aromatic plants obtained as forest side product by years. The data are compiled from the records of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. According to findings, there are close to 30 medicinal and aromatic plant varieties collected as non-wood forest product, and laurel leaf, thyme and carob are in the first order. The amount of laurels, goat horns, lime increased when compared in the 1990's, while the amount of thyme, laden and steed decreased. It is seen that plants such as cantoron, cauliflower, lavender are obtained from forest areas and the quantities are not recorded properly in records.

KEYWORDS medicinal and aromatic, non-wood

Corresponding Author: A. BİRCAN TINMAZ, ahmettinmaz@gmail.com 1 ATATÜRK BAHÇE KÜLTÜRLERİ MERKEZ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1155

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF NEW APPLE CULTIVAR: MALUS COMMUNIS L. (PIRAZIZ APPLE) 1

AYTAÇ GÜDER , SEVIM ÇİFTÇİ YEGİN

ABSTRACT Malus communis L., local cultivar is known Piraziz Apple by the local people, grown in Piraziz (Giresun). This cultivar was patented by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (No: 204 Patent’ s Owner: Piraziz Ziraat Odası). According to the literature, beginning of the flowering, full flowering and harvesting period were May 25-30, 6th June and 15th November in 2011. On the other hand, these periods were determined as April 25-30; 6th May and 15th October in 2012. 160 days pass from the full flowering to the harvest. Apple samples were harvested in November, 2016. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of this cultivar’ s apple was assessed by using different antioxidant test methods such as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power capacity (FRAP) at the 100 µg/mL concentration, DPPH radical scavenging activity, metal-chelating activity at the 100 µg/mL concentration, total phenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). These values were determined as 686.18 µg/mL (SC50), 6.44 (%), 273.12 µg/mL (SC50), 19.03 (%), 16.21 mg GAE/g extract and 12.91 mg CAE/g extract, respectively. Buthylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), buthylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and α-tocopherol (TOC) were used for comparison of the data as standard antioxidant compounds. When antioxidant results of apple compare with standards, we can say that this apple cultivar don’t show effective antioxidant activity as well as standard compounds. Although Piraziz Apple are used antidiabetic agent by the local community as ethnopharmacological material, it has no effective antioxidant activity. So this cultivar is generally used as antidiabetic agent. According to obtained results, we cay say that these activities can be related to active components in the Piraziz Apple. Consequently, this new cultivar’ s biological properties can be investigated profoundly by the researchers because of the ethnopharmacological and ethnobotany properties.

KEYWORDS Malus communis L., Piraziz Apple, Antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents.

Corresponding Author: AYTAÇ GÜDER, aytac.guder@giresun.edu.tr 1 GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1156

SOME AROMATIC PLANTS OF PHRYGIAN VALLEY (ASTERACEAE, LAMIACEAE, APIACEAE) 1

OKAN SEZER , ATILA OCAK , ÖMER KORAY YAYLACI , KURTULUŞ ÖZGİŞİ , DERVIŞ ÖZTÜRK , ONUR KOYUNCU

ABSTRACT Turkey is among the leading countries of the world in terms of its floristic diversity. Turkey, which has approximately 12,000 plant taxa has more higher floristic diversity than many other countries. Turkey is also among the few rare places on the World because of its high endemism ratio (31%). Moreover its gene center of the many plant taxa. Many plants that be in flora of Turkey have been used for traditional medicine purposes locally and globally. Numerous plant taxa belonging to various families which naturally distributed in our country are also used for commercial medicine and pharmacy fields. When family-based distributions of medicinal and aromatic plants in our country are examined, it is observed that plant taxa belonging to families such as Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Apiaceae constitute the majority of these plants. In this study, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Apiaceae taxa of Phrygian Valley where located at the junction point of the Eskişehir, Kütahya and Afyon provinces and also getting popular in terms of ecotourism in recent years were determined. A total of 107 taxa belonging to the family of Asteraceae that includes 104 species and 3 subspecies were identified. Also 64 plant taxa (62 species and 2 subspecies) belonging to 20 genera from Lamiaceae and 37 plant taxa (35 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety) belonging to 24 genera from Apiaceae were determined. Totally 208 plant taxa from these 3 families were identified from study area. 26 of these are endemic and the endemism rate is 12.5%. 43 of these taxa are Irano-Turian, 29 Euro-Siberian and 21 Mediterranean. 115 of these 208 taxa are multiregional or floristic region are unknown. This study aimed to determine the floristic diversity of Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Apiaceae, which spread in the Phrygian valleys, and thus to guide the further studies which will be carried out on the taxa belonging to this family.

KEYWORDS Phrygian Valley, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Biodiversity, Turkey

Corresponding Author: DERVİŞ ÖZTÜRK, dervisozturkk@gmail.com 1 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, ESKİŞEHİR 2 ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, FARMASÖTİK BOTANİK ANABİLİM DALI, ESKİŞEHİR, TURKEY 3 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MAHMUDİYE ATÇILIK MESLEK YÜKSEK OKULU, ESKİŞEHİR, TURKEY

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1157

DETERMİNATİON OF SOME HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATİONS OF SAGE TEA WİTH FAAS 1

FEVZI KILIÇEL , HACER SIBEL KARAPINAR , AYŞE UĞUZ

ABSTRACT Herbal teas are blends based on the plant's roots, root hairs, branch shoots, aromatic parts of leaves, flowers, shells, fruits, or seeds that are prepared by drying aromatic parts in boiling water. Although plant teas are known to have many benefits in terms of health, they are an important threat to human life if they are exposed to some contamination due to misuse or overuse or uncontrolled production. A significant proportion of these exposures constitute heavy metals. The living environment of the plants is polluted with many harmful substances which arise from various sources. Factors such as the development of industry and increasing traffic, pesticides, industrial and household waste increase the heavy metal pollution. Considering the studies evaluating herbal teas in terms of heavy metal contents, it is seen that in herbal teas there are elements naturally found in plants such as Cu, Co, Zn, Mn, Fe and necessary for human health. However, some metals, such as Ni, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, which are poisonous, appear to be present when they reach certain levels (1,2). To prevent heavy metal accumulation and health problems caused by it, it is important to avoid heavy metal contamination in stages such as plant collection, production, packaging, storage and storage. If it is thought that the people use these unconsciously and uncontrollably, it is very important to make legal regulations and audits in this area. In this study, adequate quantities of sage tea (salvia officinalis) plants offered for sale in markets, and herbalist in Karaman were taken in sufficient quantities and analyzed by appropriate drying, milling and dissolution processes. The samples were prepared to be 2 parallel for each sample and were solutioned by wet burning method. For this purpose, one gram of the powdered sample washed and dried in a suitable manner is precisely weighed 16 ml HNO3 (65%, w/w) and 4 ml HClO4 (70-72%, w/w) are added to it and the solution is slowly heated in the drawer for about 5-6 hours. The heating process close to the end of the acids is cut off and the solutions are cooled. Then 5 ml H₂ O₂ (30%, w/w) was added and heating was continued until clear liquid was obtained. Heating was stopped when clear liquid was formed, and the solutions were allowed to cool. Cooling solutions were filtered through blue band filter paper and 15 ml of the obtained solutions were mixed with distilled water to prepare the analyzed. The concentrations of the determined elements were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The amounts of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, Mg, Fe and Ca were determined in all of the foods determined according to the results. Cr was not detected in the samples.When the results were evaluated Co, Ni, Fe and Ca were found to be above the determined limits. Co, Ni, Fe element concentrations are above the normal range but below the toxic limits. It should be noted that these foods can easily be contaminated due to factors such as the physical and chemical structure of the soil, agricultural activities, storage and packaging conditions. Moreover, it is important to consciously consume and make the necessary quality controls not to adversely affect public health.

Corresponding Author: HACER SİBEL KARAPINAR, sibelkarapinar@kmu.edu.tr 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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KEYWORDS Sage tea, Heavy metal, FAAS, Karaman, Turkey.

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1158

LAMIACEAE TAXA OF GYPSUM AND MARL SOILS IN ESKIŞEHIR 1

DERVIŞ ÖZTÜRK , ATILA OCAK , OKAN SEZER , ONUR KOYUNCU

ABSTRACT The investigation area covers gypsum and marl soils reside in the border of Eskisehir. It occurs in the B3 square according to the grid system of P.H. Davis. To investigate the flora, 1750 specimens have been collected during the field seasons of 2012- 2015. The floristic list follows the APG III. At the end of identifications of the specimens 47 taxa belonging to Labiate family have been determined. The endemism ratio of the areas is 17.5 %.

KEYWORDS B3 square, Eskişehir, gypsum, marl, flora

Corresponding Author: OKAN SEZER, oksezer@ogu.edu.tr 1 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ MAHMUDİYE ATÇILIK MESLEK YÜKSEK OKULU, ESKİŞEHİR, TÜRKİYE 2 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, ESKİŞEHİR

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1160

INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS ON RIPENING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPICES USED IN KASHAR CHEESE PRODUCTION 1

ZEKAI TARAKÇI , ENGIN AYDIN

ABSTRACT Investigation of Effects on Ripening of Different Types of Spices Used in Kashar Cheese Production* Zekai TARAKÇI1, Engin AYDIN2 1Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey 2Department of Cooking, Vocational College, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey *This research was supported with number TF-1624 by ODU-BAP. 1zetarakci@hotmail.com In this study, six types of Kashar cheese, one of them is control sample that was produced without adding any spices; the others samples were processed to cheese by adding dead nettle, mint, lemon balm, arugula and parsley as 0.5% according to the milk used. Then, all cheeses were vacuum-packed and ripened at 7±1°C during 3 months and dry matter, fat, pH, titratable acidity, salt, total protein, ripening rate, nonprotein nitrogen rate (NPN), amino nitrogen rate, textural properties and sensory analyses were performed by taking cheese samples during the 2nd, 30th, 60th and 90th days of ripening. The results were compared in terms of the types of cheese and ripening period, statistically. The values of adhesiveness, springiness and resilience parameters of texture profile analyses and also the values of structure-texture parameters of sensory analyses were founded importance difference. The values of fat and the values of springiness parameters of texture profile analyses were determined statistically significant. All of the other parameters were obtained statistically differences. As a result of sensory evaluation made by panelists, ripened kashar cheeses had more acceptability than fresh kashar cheeses. Keywords: Kashar cheese, spices, ripening criteria

KEYWORDS Kashar cheese, spices, ripening criteria

Corresponding Author: ZEKAİ TARAKÇI, zetarakci@hotmail.com 1 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1161

ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION DIVERSITY OF SELECTED WILD EDIBLE PLANTS FOR ALTERNATIVE NUTRITION 1

TE D

M. KADRI BOZOKALFA , BÜLENT YAĞMUR , DURSUN EŞIYOK , TANSEL KAYGISIZ AŞÇIOĞUL

ABSTRACT

Vegetables and fruits in general are an important category in food based approaches a sources of multiple micronutrients. In addition to meeting nutrient intake levels, greater consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduces risk of developing chronic diseases. Within this group, gathered wild vegetables deserve greater attention several research show how they are easily accessible, culturally accepted and inexpensive sources of vitamins and minerals to many rural population groups. Diversity and number of examples from different region indicate their importance at an aggregated level. The wild edible plants are consumed in many different ways but mostly eaten raw as a salad. However, widespread knowledge of wild edible plants not provide much information on their nutritional significance and their diversity. The objective of the present work was to evaluate variability for dry matter, protein and mineral composition of nutritionally important and widely consumed wild edible plants in Aegean region of Turkey. The plant material comprises 17 edible plants collected from naturally found and widely distributed in the experimental area of Horticulture Department of Ege University. In order to reduce environmental and edaphic factors on the composition of the plant samples and visualize genotypic differentiation, the plant material collected from the a total 500 m2 area where the soil that has not been cultivated for a long time, furthermore not use any chemicals such as fertilizer and pesticide in collection site. A total 17 edible wild species Lactuca serriola L., Capsella bursa-pastoris L. Medik., Malva sylvestris L., Papaver rhoeas L., Urtica diocia L., Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Herit., Chondrilla juncea L., Stellaria media L. Rumex patientia L., Taraxanum officinale, Allium ampeloprasum L., Plantago lagopus L., Sonchus oleraceus L., Daucus carota, Sinapsis arvensis L., Mentha pulegium L., Portulaca oleraceae L. were evaluated for dry matter, protein, N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium), Ca (calcium), Mg (magnesium) composition. The data were subject to analysis of variance, and a Pearson correlation test was used to determine the correlations between dry matter, protein content and N, P, K, Ca, Mg compositions. Principal component analysis was performed on the result of examine compositions and the factor loadings, eigenvalues and percentage of cumulative variance were calculated, the patterns of relationships among nutritive element were shown two-dimension scatter plot. Dry matters, protein and mineral elements were found to vary widely depending on species. According to the results the wild edible species dry matter content ranged from 8.65-20.11% in the edible parts of plant, and the highest protein (29.94%) and N (4.79 mg 100 g-1) values were observed in C. bursa-pastoris L. Medik., P content ranged between 0.19-0.37 mg 100 g-1, where P. rhoeas showed the highest. K was found in the range of 2.24 to 4.24 mg 100 g-1 respectively, for M. pulegium L. and P. oleraceae L. Ca was present good amount in U. diocia L. 3.47 mg 100 g-1 while other species in the range of 0.64-2.64 mg 100 g-1. Similarly, other micro minerals including Mg (0.14-0.43 mg 100 g-1) and Na (0.04-0.86 mg 100 g-1) were observed in the selected plant species. Multivariate analysis revealed considerable Corresponding Author: M. KADRİ BOZOKALFA, mehmet.kadri.bozokalfa@ege.edu.tr 1 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ

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variation for the most of concentration. The principal component (PC) analysis explained that 81.49% of total variation accounted for three PC axis. The first axis was mainly related to variation in protein, N and P compositions. The second axis was mainly concerned with dry matter, K, Ca, and Na, the third axis related to Mg. The data reveal that selected wild plant provide significant nutrition and genetic background of species can play role in the nutritional value.

KEYWORDS Nutritional value, minerals, wild edible plants, principal component analysis

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1162

INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL ADVERTISING OF SOME MEDICAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN THE GAP OF PEANUT PINE PLANTATION 1

A. BIRCAN TINMAZ , MÜKREMIN TEMEL , MUSTAFA ÖZTÜRK , MEHMET ÖZDEMİR

ABSTRACT There are hundreds of medical and aromatic plants in our country that are collected from nature and offered for sale or exported. In the process of nomination to the Mediterranean model forest network being established, work has been initiated to improve forest-peasant relations and to promote the cultivation of non-forest products in forest openings and to increase the participation of villagers in the system. In this study, organic farming possibilities of some medicinal and aromatic plants (Sage, Rosemary, Thyme, Lavender and Laurel) were investigated in the openings of pistachio pine plantation of Armutlu peninsula. At the end of the project, the optimal planting time and location of the plants to be planted in different ways (shaded view, sunny view, uninjured area) and at different times (autumn, winter, spring) were determined. Experiments that were established separately for each plant, 3 replications were set up in random parcel trial design in random blocks. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and significant averages were evaluated by the Lsd test. With the study, the new plant, Sage, Rosemary, Lavender planted in the forest openings, has been adapted to the newly formed ecosystem and it has come to the conclusion that the breeding can be done in such areas. Competition with other forest bushes and weeds was found to be weak due to the herbaceous structure of the Istanbul Thyme used in the study. It is observed that these areas where defnesin is planted are not suitable for uncontrolled cultivation and that their development is not good and they can not take place in the ecosystem. The study is a first for Turkey and a model for breeding.

KEYWORDS Medical plant, organic farming, lavender, thyme, rosemary, sage, Yalova

Corresponding Author: A. BİRCAN TINMAZ, ahmettinmaz@gmail.com 1 ATATÜRK BAHÇE KÜLTÜRLERİ MERKEZ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 MARMARA ORMANCILIK ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1220

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1163

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF SALVIA PAHYSTACHYS BY USING LC-MS/MS 1

MUSTAFA ABDULLAH YILMAZ , ELIF VARHAN ORAL , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , HAVA BATIBAY , MEHMET 5 3 6 6 1 4 FIRAT , ESRA YARIŞ , HILAL SARUHAN FIDAN , HÜSEYIN ALKAN , HAMDI TEMEL , BERRIN ZIYADANOĞULLARI

ABSTRACT Salvia L. genus is member of lamiaceae family which exists approximately 220 genus and 4000 species on the world. Although it shows most natural distribution in Turkey and Mediterranean region on the world, almost it can be grown in all habitat types and heights. Salvia L. genus is represented about 89 species in Turkey and 45 of them are endemic. Salvia species are generally known for their multiple pharmacological effects including their antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidative, antimalarial, anti-inflamatory, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, antitumor, and anticancer. In this study, secondary metabolite profile (37 phytochemicals including 15 Phenolic acids, 17 flavonoids, 3 nonphenolic organic acids, 1 phenolic aldehyde and 1 penzopyrane) of ethanol extracts of different parts (stems, leaves, flowers, roots and mixed parts) of Salvia pahystachys was determined with LCMS/MS. LC-MS/MS method validation was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of 37 phytochemicals. The LC-MS/MS studied showed that S. pachystachys was including high amount hesperidin, caffeic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, apigenin and especially rosmarinic acid.

KEYWORDS Salvia pahystachys, LC-MS/MS, Phenolic Content

Corresponding Author: ELİF VARHAN ORAL, evarhan@dicle.edu.tr 1 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTİCAL TECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DİYARBAKIR 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKIR 3 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR 4 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKIR 5 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, VAN 6 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKIR

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1164

MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC LAMIACEAE TAXA THAT NATURALLY DISTRIBUTED IN PAZARYERİ (BİLECİK) AND ITS ENVIRONS 1

BEYZA GÜLER KOCAMAN , ÖMER KORAY YAYLACI , KURTULUŞ ÖZGİŞİ , HAKAN ŞENTÜRK , OKAN SEZER , 4 3 3 DERVIŞ ÖZTÜRK , ONUR KOYUNCU , İSMÜHAN POTOĞLU ERKARA

ABSTRACT The Lamiaceae family, which has an important place among medicinal and aromatic plants, is represented by about 250 genera and 7000 species in the world. Because of the aromatic oils, essential oils and a wide variety of secondary metabolites they have, great deal of these have been using as spice, food and medical purposes in our country and in the world since ancient times. Turkey is among the Lamiaceae-rich regions of the world. Moreover, Turkey is the gene center of many Lamiaceae taxa and is host in a large number of endemic taxa. Lamiaceae is among the largest families of The flora of Turkey and it is represented with near 574 species from 45 genera between about 12,000 taxa of Turkey flora. In this study, Lamiaceae specimens have been collected through the Pazaryeri (Bilecik) and its environs between 2013-2014 years. Totally, 50 Lamiaceae taxa (45 species, 5 subspecies) belonging to 18 genera were identified from study area. 13 of these taxa are Irano-Turanian, 8 EuroSiberian and 6 Mediterranean. Other 23 taxa are multiregional or their distribution unknown. 9 endemic taxa (7 LC and 2 NT) determined from study area and endemism ratio 18%. This study aims to determine the Lamiaceae taxa which spread naturally in the vicinity of the Pazaryeri (Bilecik) and so reveal the medicinal and aromatic dimensions of these taxa.

KEYWORDS Pazaryeri, Bilecik, Biodiversity, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Turkey

Corresponding Author: ONUR KOYUNCU, okoyuncu@ogu.edu.tr 1 BİLECİK ÇEVRE VE ŞEHİRCİLİK İL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ, BİLECİK, TÜRKİYE 2 ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, FARMASÖTİK BOTANİK ANABİLİM DALI 3 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ 4 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MAHMUDİYE ATÇILIK MESLEK YÜKSEK OKULU

1222

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1165

EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND PHENOLIC CONTENT OF JUNIAEA MESOPOTAMICA EXTRACT OBTAINED WITH DIFFERENT SOLVENTS. 1

ADEM NECİP , MESUT IŞIK , ABDURRAHMAN AKDAĞ , İSMAIL KOYUNCU , ABDULLAH AYKANAT, REŞAT 1 DİKME

ABSTRACT Antioxidant plays an important role in inhibiting and scavenging free radicals, thus, providing protection to human against infection and degenerative diseases (Ansari, 2013). Now the modern research is directed towards “Natural antioxidants” from the herbal plants due to safe therapeutic. In the present paper we have investigated antioxidant activity of extracts from Juniaea mesopotamica for its free radical scavenging activity by adopting various in vitro methods. The methanol and buthanol extracts of Juniaea mesopotamica exhibited significant antioxidant activities determined by different assays. This study shows that methanol and buthanol extracts of Juniaea mesopotamica have higher antioxidant activities than dichlorometane and hexane extract. Moreover, this plant showed antioxidant properties close to the standards. This suggests that Juniaea mesopotamica extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants, which could be added to dietary supplements to help prevent oxidative stress.

KEYWORDS Juniaea mesopotamica, Antioxidant, free radicals

Corresponding Author: MESUT IŞIK, misik@harran.edu.tr 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1223

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1166

DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF DRY ROSE TEA 1

DILAY KART , ÖZLEM ÖZLEM ÇAĞINDI

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Medical and aromatic plants that have been used since mankind have become, a focus of interest especially due to increased health concerns and safe food demand in recent years. It can be demonstrated that the pharmaceutical industry takes a large share in R & D expenditures made as a result of the increase in the importance of pharmaceuticals and aromatic plants. Data from the World Health Organization show that 70-80% of the world's population benefits from traditional medicine. In this direction, approximately 20,000 in the world; in our country, there are plants used for about 500 medical purposes. Medicinal and aromatic plants in traded is used in 50% food, 25% cosmetics and 25% pharmaceutical industry. The rose takes part the fragrant plant parts used in the field of medicinal and aromatic plants. It has an important role in food, perfumery and cosmetic industry. Besides this usage roses are curtained some benefits such as sedative, anti-stress property, hemostatic, stomach, liver, intestines, fever and skin disease therapeutic and anti-inflammatory functions. General usage areas of rose in our country; used as raw material in the production of products such as dried rose, rose oil, rose syrup, rose jam, rose water and the use of flavouring and colouring agents in the formulation of delight products etc. For this purpose, tea made by using 3 different dried bud roses and 3 different dried rose leaf purchased in Isparta and İzmir market were investigated in terms of antioxidant properties. The roses were kept in boiled water at 98 °C for 5 minutes and filtered at the end of the time. Total phenolic substance by Folin-Ciocalteu method, antioxidant capacity by TEAC method and total flavonoid determination were done in the samples which arrived at room temperature. When the results of the analyses are examined, the total amount of phenolic material 5,241-166,355 mg/200 mL tea, the total amount of flavonoids 2,019-14,825 mg/200 mL tea and the antioxidant capacity values 0.64-10.78 μM troloks/200 mL tea are found. In all analyzes, dry bud results were found to be lower than dry leaves. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the varieties (p˂0.05). Besides its pleasant smell and comfortable drink, it also has antioxidant properties that rose tea can be an alternative to other herbal teas, it is thought that the consumption can be widespread and the usage areas can be expanded with the works to be done.

KEYWORDS Antioxidant capacity, tea, phenolic substance, rose,

Corresponding Author: ÖZLEM ÖZLEM ÇAĞINDI, ozlemcagindi@gmail.com 1 CELAL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1224

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1167

THE CYTOTOXIC AND APOPTOTIC EFFECTS OF THE YOUNG SHOOTS EXTRACT OF TAMMUS COMMUNIS ON HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA 1

ÜNAL EGELI , BESTE YURDACAN , HUZEYFE HURIYET , GAMZE GÜNEY ESKILER , IŞIL EZGI ERYILMAZ , HULUSI 1 1 1 1 MALYER , GÜLŞAH ÇEÇENER , TOLGA ÇAVAŞ , BERRIN TUNCA

ABSTRACT Plants are an important sources as development of novel therapeutic agents in cancer treatments because most chemotherapeutic drugs have been improved or isolated from plants or their synthetic derivatives. Tamus communis L. (Dioscoreaceae, named “Sarmaşık” locally), a perennial herbaceous climbing plant, have some pharmacological effects including antioxidant, antiviral, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial. However, the anticancer effect of T.Communis extract has not known well yet in the literature. In the current study, we aimed to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of young shoots extract of T.communis on hepatocellular carcinoma. The cytotoxic effect of T.communis extract on SNU-449, Hep G2 cells treated with different concentrations (50-250 µg /ml) was determined by WST-1 assay for 24,48 and 72h. The DNA damage and repair capacity in these cells treated with the most effecttive concentration of T.communis young shoots extract were analyzed by comet assay. Additionally, the morphology of apoptotic cells was examined by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining to support comet assay. The young shoots extracts from T.communis displayed anti-proliferative activity on SNU-449 and Hep G2 cell lines (p<0.05). The cell viability of Hep G2 and SNU-449 cells decreased to 58.6% and 80.0% at 250 µg/ml of concentration for 72 h, respectively. Hep G2 cells exhibited a higher sensitivity to the young shoots extracts than SNU-449 cells due to associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. The young shoots extract of T.communis exhibited less toxicity (12.7%) on HUVEC control cells. Additionally, the young shoots extract of T.communis induced DNA strand breaks and apoptosis in SNU-449 and Hep G2 cells. The cytoplasmic and nuclear shrinkage and chromatin condensation were observed on particularly Hep G2 cells. Consequently, young shoot extract of T.communis has displayed an anticancer properties due to its pharmacological profile. However, this study may be improved by extraction of antitumoral activity different plant parts (rhizome and stem) and determination in amount of phenanthrene or phenolic compounds

KEYWORDS Hepatocellular carcinoma, Tammus communis, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, Extraction

Corresponding Author: BESTE YURDACAN, besteyurdacan93@gmail.com 1 ULUDAĞ ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1225

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1168

A STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CONSOLIDA ORIENTALIS AND SPARTIUM JUNCEUM 1

ERDOGAN GUNES , AHMET UYSAL , YUSUF DURAK , GOKHAN ZENGIN

ABSTRACT For a long period of time, plants have been a valuable source of natural products for maintaining human health, especially in the last decade, with more intensive studies for natural therapies. The World Health Organization estimates that plant extracts or their active constituents are used as folk medicine in traditional therapies of 80% of the world's population. Therefore, such plants should be investigated to better understand their properties, safety and efficiency. The aim of this study are to determine the antimicrobial activities of methanol and water extracts from Consolida orientalis and Spartium junceum plants distributing in Turkey. Antimicrobial activity of the tested plant extracts were studied by the broth microdilution method. It was determined that Consolida methanol extracts showed antibacterial activity at doses ranging between of 6.25-3.125 mg/ml against S. aureus, S. enteritidis and E. faecalis standart bacteria. It was found that methanol extract of Consolida had antifungal activity at a dose of 6.75 mg/ml against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. However water extracts of Consolida had an antibacterial effect only against E. faecalis at a dose of 6.25 mg / ml. When the methanol extracts of Spartium were evaluated it was seen that methanol extracts were effective at a dose of 6.75 mg/ml on the S. lutea, E. faecalis and C. albicans. However water extracts of Spartium showed no antimicrobial activity. It was concluded that methanol and water extracts of Consolida orientalis and Spartium junceum have weak antimicrobial activity.

KEYWORDS Antimicrobial activity, Consolida orientalis, Spartium junceum, Turkey

Corresponding Author: ERDOGAN GUNES, erdogangunes@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNÄ°VERSTÄ°Y

1226

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1171

THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ONOSMA ISAURICUM 1

ERDOGAN GUNES , AHMET UYSAL

ABSTRACT In many developing countries antibiotic resistance, adverse drug reactions, and the high costs of antimicrobials have made management of infectious diseases ineffective. Natural products of higher plants may be a source of new antimicrobial agents with possibly novel mechanisms of action. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of methanol and water of Onosma isauricum on some microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated according to the broth microdilution method by using Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella enteritidis, Sarcina lutea, Eenterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. It was found that methanol extracts of Onosma had antimicrobial activity at a dose of 6.25 mg/ml against S. lutea, E. faecalis, C. albicans and C. parapsilosis. When the water extracts of Onosma isauricum were evaluated it was seen that water extracts were effective at a dose of 3.125 mg/ml on the S. aureus (MSSA) and S. aureus (MRSA). As a result, we concluded that methanol and water extracs of Onosma isauricum have weak antimicrobial effect.

KEYWORDS Antimicrobial activity, broth microdilution, Onosma isauricum

Corresponding Author: ERDOGAN GUNES, erdogangunes@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNÄ°VERSTÄ°Y

1227

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1172

INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS ON RIPENING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPICES USED IN WHITE CHEESE PRODUCTION 1

ZEKAI TARAKÇI , FAHRETTIN DEVECİ

ABSTRACT INVESTIGATION OF EFFECTS ON RIPENING OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPICES USED IN WHITE CHEESE PRODUCTION* Zekai TARAKÇI1, Fahrettin DEVECİ2 1Department of Food Engineering, Agricultural Faculty, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey 2Ordu Food Agriculture and Livestock Directorate, Ordu, Turkey *This research was supported with TF-1423 project number by ODU-BAP. 1zetarakci@hotmail.com In this study, six types of white cheese, one of them is control sample, were produced. While control cheese was produced without adding any spices; the others were processed to cheese by adding black cumin, dried mint, thyme rubbed, red pepper flakes and isot pepper as 3% according to the milk used. Then, all cheeses were vacuum-packed and ripened at 7±1°C during 3 months and dry matter, fat, pH, titratable acidity, salt, total protein, ripening rate, nonprotein nitrogen rate (NPN), amino nitrogen rate, electrophoretic casein fractions, textural properties and sensory analyses were performed by taking cheese samples during the 2nd, 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days of ripening. The results were compared in terms of the types of cheese and ripening period, statistically. The values of adhesiveness, springiness and resilience parameters of texture profile analyses and also the values of structure-texture parameters of sensory analyses were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The values of fat and the values of springiness parameters of texture profile analyses were determined statistically significant (P<0.05). All of the other parameters were obtained statistically significant (P<0.01). As a result of sensory evaluation made by panelists, ripened cheeses had more acceptability than fresh cheeses. Also as cheese type, samples with black cumin, mint and thyme exceled in common with control sample. Keywords: Spice, white cheese, ripening.

KEYWORDS Spice, white cheese, ripening

Corresponding Author: ZEKAİ TARAKÇI, zetarakci@hotmail.com 1 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ORDU FOOD AGRİCULTURE AND LİVESTOCK DİRECTORATE

1228

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1174

USE OF SOME NATIVE TREES WITH MEDICINAL QUALIFICATIONS IN URBAN GREEN AREAS: ANTAKYA (HATAYTURKEY) 1

ELIF BOZDOĞAN SERT , ÖZGÜR KAHRAMAN , SEMA GÜLER

ABSTRACT Trees have been important for human beings in terms of benefits as shelter, obtaining food and clothing materials, etc. from past to present. For this reason, some of the species have produced, growth and even its protection have provided. With the establishment of cities as living space, planting of green areas such as parks, streets, cemeteries and gardens have carried out within certain frameworks. At this time, initially plants with food and medicinal qualification have preferred to bring to the cities. By this way, use of many of the species with both aesthetic and functional qualities in planting urban green areas have leaded. Trees that are the main material of the plantation are indispensible elements of urban landscape with many functional features such as shadowing, orientation, focusing, and accumulation of pollutants. Especially, because of its easier adaptation to environment, native species have used often in urban green areas. With this study, it was aimed to determine native tree species with medicinal qualification used in the green areas of Antakya (Hatay). The study was conducted in parks (Atatürk Park, Vali Ürgen Park), public institutions gardens (Governorship, General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, Provincial Directorate of Health), urban roads, and Mustafa Kemal University Tayfur Sökmen Campus in Antakya city center between AprilMay 2016. As a result, it was determined that native twenty tree taxa with medicinal qualification were used in urban green areas of Antakya. In this context, all taxa were studied in terms of aesthetic (color, texture, form) and functional (shadow, focus, orientation) qualifications important in landscape architecture and other qualifications such as medicinal.

KEYWORDS Native trees, urban green area, landscape, medicinal, Antakya

Corresponding Author: ELİF BOZDOĞAN SERT, ebozdogan@mku.edu.tr 1 MUSTAFA KEMAL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF ARCHİTECTURE DEPT. OF LANDSCAPE ARCHİTECTURE 2 ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF ARCHİTECTURE AND DESİGN, DEPT. OF LANDSCAPE ARCHİTECTURE

1229

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1176

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SALVIA PACHYSTACHYS FROM ANATOLIA TURKEY 1

ELIF VARHAN ORAL , HAVA BATIBAY , ABDULSELAM ERTAŞ , MEHMET FIRAT , HILAL SARUHAN FIDAN , 5 3 2 6 HÜSEYIN ALKAN , ESRA YARIŞ , BERRIN ZIYADANOĞULLARI , GÜLAÇTI TOPÇU

ABSTRACT Since ancient times, Salvia species have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes and skin diseases such as psoriasis and eczema. These species have been the subject of extensive pharmacognosic researches that were intended to identify biologically active compounds. Particular attention has been shown to the members of the genus Salvia due to their wide range of important biological activities such as antifungal activity, antitumor activity, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, cytotoxic activity, antioxidant activity, treatment of heart disease, and antimycobacterial activity . The aim of this study was to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contens (determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively), antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging activity, β-carotene bleaching assay, CUPPRAC, ABTS cation radical scavenging activity) and anticholinesterase (acetyl- and butrylcholinesterase enzymes) activities of these salvia species were tested. It was determined that working in all extracts not show acetylcholinesteras activity but show a moderate butyrylcholinesterase activity. Furthermore the ethanol extracts of all parts of (stems, leaves, flowers, roots and mixed parts) specie showed high antioxidant activity in all antioxidant tests. Especially the flower of Salvia Pachystachys showed high antioxidant activity in ABTS assay.

KEYWORDS Salvia pachystachys, Total Phenolic-Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase

Corresponding Author: ELİF VARHAN ORAL, evarhan@dicle.edu.tr 1 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTİCAL CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKIR 2 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKIR 3 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY, DİYARBAKIR 4 YÜZÜNCÜ YIL UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF EDUCATİON, DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, VAN 5 DİCLE UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF PHARMACY, DEPARTMENT OF BİOCHEMİSTRY, DİYARBAKIR 6 BEZMİALEM VAKİF UNİVERSİTY, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMİSTRY, İSTANBUL

1230

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1178

DETERMINATION OF PHENOLIC AND MINERAL COMPOUND COMPOSITION IN SOME FRUIT JUICE MARKETED IN NİGDE 1

TE D

EZGI KARAKAŞ , RIFAT BATTALOĞLU

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

In this research, it is aimed to determine total phenolic and mineral contents of some kind of fruit juices (apricot, sour cherry, orange, peach and mixed) which was bought from markets in Niğde and to evaluate with the standards. Firstly, pH, total acidity and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) analysis of the collected samples were achieved. Then, total phenolic contents and some mineral and metal contents (potassium, iron, zinc, aluminium and copper) were determined and evaluated with standards of regulations. The average pH value of the samples was found as 3.78±0.20. The average of HMF concentrations of the samples was found as 4.99±3.04 mg/L. Average of total phenolic material contents for all samples was found as 153.03±42.93 mg/L. According to analysis of mineral and metal contents results, potassium, iron, zinc, aluminium and copper contents were between 219.88-425.98 mg/L, 0.025-0.056 mg/L 0.588-1.965 mg/L, 0.004-0.014 mg/L, 0.187-0.557 mg/L for sour cherry juices,; 320.58-580.88 mg/L, 0.097-3.653 mg/L, 0.385-2.086 mg/L, 0.002-0.134 mg/L, 0.115-1.129 mg/L for apricot juices, 205.88 and 489.88 mg/L, 0.049 and 0.115 mg/L, 0.777mg/L, 0.028 and 0.083 mg/L, 0.076-0.233 mg/L for orange juices, 230.08 and 371.78 mg/L, 0.128 and 0.137 mg/L, 0.389 and 0.734 mg/L, 0.066 and 0.110 mg/L, 0.114 and 0.258 mg/L for peach juices and 165.38-417.38 mg/L, 0.027-0.1112 mg/L, 0.359-1.087 mg/L, 0.025-0.073 mg/L, 0.049-0.561 mg/L for mixed fruit juices respectively.

Fruit juice, total phenolics, hydroxymethyl furfural, potassium, zinc, ferrum, copper, aliminium.

Corresponding Author: RİFAT BATTALOĞLU, rbattaloglu@ohu.edu.tr 1 2

ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1231

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1179

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND FATTY ACID COMPONENTS OF CENTAUREA PAPHLAGONICA PLANT 1

ALI RIZA TÜFEKÇİ , İBRAHIM DEMİRTAŞ , EBRU DERELLİ TÜFEKÇİ , MUHAMMED ALTUN

ABSTRACT Centaurea plant species that have medicinal properties are among the largest species of the asteraceae family. Because of these properties, it is used by human for therapeutic purposes. There are about 600 centaurea species in the world. There are about 187 species in Turkey. 120 of these species are endemic species. In this study, volatile oil in the plant was obtained by hydrodestination method. Fatty acid of plant were obtained according to the method of mesagenization in the hexane organic solvent. Component analyzes in volatile and fatty acid were determined by GC-MS instrument. According to the results obtained, spathulenol and gamma-elemene compounds in volatile oil were identified as the main components. In fatty acid, hexadecanoic acid was identified as the main component.

KEYWORDS Asteracea, centeurea paphlagonica, essential oil, fatty acid

Corresponding Author: ALİ RIZA TÜFEKÇİ, alirizatufekci@gmail.com 1 ÇANKIRI KARATEKİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1232

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1182

IN VITRO NEMATOSTATIC ACTIVITY OF ALLIUM TUBEROSUM (ROTTL.) ON STEM AND BULB NEMATODE (DITYLENCHUS DIPSACI) 1

ELIF YAVUZASLANOĞLU , ALI BILGIÇ

ABSTRACT Allium tuberosum (Rottl.) (Alliaceae) is a native growing plant in Southern Asia named commonly as garlic chive. It produces small bulb and fast growing leaves. The leaves are cultured and used for treating abdominal pain, diarrhea, hematemesis, snakebite and asthma in China. The whole plant has also antibacterial, cardiac, depurative, digestive, stimulant, stomachic and tonic activity. The stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci) is one of the important constraints of a wide range of plant species with main host of onion and garlic. It reproduces endoparasitically and damages plants. Nematostatic activity of garlic chive on D. dipsaci was tested in vitro. Leaves of garlic chive were dried at room temperature for two to three weeks. A one gram of dried leaves grinded and extracted in 10 ml methanol for 48 hours at room temperature on a magnetic stirrer. Dried methanol extract diluted with water to 3% concentration. Nematodes were treated with 0,5 ml, 1 ml and 1,5 ml of aqueous solution of garlic chive methonol extract. Negative control contained sterilized tap water. Each treatment contained averagely 50 nematodes. Total volume in each treatment was completed to 5 ml using sterilized tap water in 9 cm plastic petri dishes. Nematodes incubated at 15 °C for 48 hours. Moving and motionless nematodes were counted under microscope after 48 hours of exposure in the treatments. Motionless nematode rate increased significantly at garlic chive treatments. While motionless nematode rate was 6% in negative control treatment, it was recorded 35, 86 and 78% in 0,5, 1 and 1,5 ml garlic chive treatments, respectively. Preliminary results indicate that the methanol extract of garlic chive shows nematostatic effect on D. dipsaci at 48 hours exposure in vitro. The effective content of methanol extract of garlic chive and effect of active content under in vivo conditions are next step of the study.

KEYWORDS garlic chive, nematostatic activity, stem and bulb nematode, Allium tuberosum, Ditylenchus dipsaci

Corresponding Author: ELİF YAVUZASLANOĞLU, eyavuzaslanoglu@kmu.edu.tr 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1233

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1183

AFYONKARAHISAR MEDICAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS CENTRAL OFFICE INTRODACTION AND ACTIVITIES 1

EMEL YILDIZ , CAFER İLKAY YILDIRIM

ABSTRACT The centre was established in Afyonkarahisar in 2013 of Ministry Of Forestry And Water Management. The purpase of establistment inccreases identifying the medical and aromatic plants which are grown in our country and uses the national wealth potential the most productive. The Medical And Aromatic Plants Centre was establisted in 45000m² aera. The centre has got 1200m² in door area and 5000m² growing area of plants.There are demonstration greenhouse, conference and assembly hall, laboratory, sales and working offices, production greenhouse in indoor area. From the opening day to this day there are a lot of visitors who are from different places of our country and interested in medical and aromatic plants. The visitors are acquainted with and making introduction of these plants. The scientific Project studies are developed with and applied to Afyon Kocatepe Universty. The growing conditions of the plants which are medical and aromatic and grown in our nature are produced in our introduction area.

KEYWORDS Afyonkarahisar, Aromatic plants, Medical plants, Ministry Of Forestry And Water Management, Plant growing

Corresponding Author: EMEL YILDIZ, emelyildiz@ogm.gov.tr 1 ORMAN VE SU İŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI, ORMAN GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ, ESKİŞEHİR ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ. AFYONKARAHİSAR TIBBİ VE AROMATİK BİTKİLER MERKEZİ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 ORMAN VE SU İŞLERİ BAKANLIĞI, ORMAN GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ, ESKİŞEHİR ORMAN BÖLGE MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1234

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1184

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF FABRICS DYED WITH VIBURNUM OPULUS AND ONION SKINS 1

HANDAN ŞAPCI , FAZLIHAN YILMAZ , CEM VURAL , İBRAHIM BAHTIYARI , HÜSEYIN BENLI

ABSTRACT Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that we can encounter almost everywhere in our daily life, and varieties that are pathogenic against special diseases can cause serious health and hygiene problems. The negative effects of hygienic artificial products on natural environment and ecological balance are also quite high. For this reason, place of various products with antimicrobial activity gains importance from day to day. As is known, textile products can provide a suitable environment for the development of microorganisms. In this context, we aimed to develop textile products which can provide antimicrobial and antifungal effect. For this purpose, woolen fabrics were dyed with onion (Allium cepa) skins and juice of Viburnum opulus plant fruit in our study. The dyeings were carried out without using of any mordanting agent and no prior extraction of the herbal sources were carried out in other words these natural dye sources (onion skins and juice of Viburnum opulus plant fruit) were directly added to the dye bath. Samples after dyeing with these natural dye sources were tested in terms of antimicrobial activity using two bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aeroginosa) and a yeast strain (Candida albicans). As a result, it was observed that onion skin and Viburnum fruit juice had an antimicrobial effect. While the dyed fabric with Viburnum juice showed higher activity on bacterial strains, the onion skin had a higher effect on the yeast. Viburnum provided the highest activity on E. coli, whereas onion skins showed the highest activity on C. albicans.

KEYWORDS Antimicrobial textiles, bacteria, biotechnology, fungi, natural dye

Corresponding Author: HANDAN ŞAPCI, hsapci@cu.edu.tr 1 ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1235

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1185

EVALUATION OF WHEAT GERM OIL EFFECTS ON ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY RESTRAINT STRESS IN RATS. 1

DR. EMRE ÖZTOPRAK , DOÇ. DR. MEHMET MESUT PİŞKİN , PROF. DR. AYŞE SAİDE ŞAHİN , ECZ. MEVRA AL , 3 DOÇ. DR. BURAK CEM SONER

ABSTRACT Policosanols in wheat germ oil structure is used for increasing physical and sexual performance. Wheat germ oil has antioxidant properties because of its natural vitamin E ingredient. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of wheat germ oil; which is a traditional herbal medicinal product used for erectile dysfunction; on experimental erectile dysfunction model in rats. For this purpose; male Wistar Albino rats were subjected to restraint stress one hour per day for 10 days in a special tube with holes for air supply to perform erectile dysfunction model. Rats for divided to 2 groups. In control group (n=5), rats were treated with 3 ml/kg/day tap water for 10 days during restraint stress period by oral gavage. In wheat germ oil group (n=5), rats were treated with 3 ml/kg/day wheat germ oil for 10 days during restraint stress period by oral gavage. At 11th day; i.m. ketamine (80 mg/kg) and i.m. xylazine (8 mg/kg) were administered for anesthesia. Under anesthesia, intra cavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from right carotid artery was measured after canulation. All data of systemic arterial and cavernosal pressure were recorded by MP36 computerized system. After 20 minutes of resting time; cavernous nerve was stimulated for 1 minutes by electrical stimulation (5 V, 20 Hz, 1 milisecond). During and after the stimulation ICP, MAP, ICP/MAP rates and corpus cavernosum detumescence time was evaluated. Mean ICP, MAP, ICP/MAP and corpus cavernosum detumescence time measured in placebo group were 35,5±5,01 mmHg, 97,6±12,73 mmHg, 0,36±0,05 and 133,4±16,03 seconds respectively. In wheat germ oil group these values were 45,1±7,6 mmHg, 106,2±8,23 mmHg, 0,51±0,06 ve 256,2±27,53 respectively. Statistical analyses between groups were evaluated by t-test. Our results showed that statistically significant difference between the groups was only found in detumescence time (p=0.01). Our limitation of this preliminary study is not having a group to evaluate normal ICP, MAP and detumescence values without stress but; according to the statistical significance in detumescence times between two groups; we can speculate that wheat germ oil may be a beneficial herbal medicinal product as a complementary medicine to improve erectile function.

KEYWORDS wheat germ oil, erectile dysfunction

Corresponding Author: DOÇ. DR. BURAK CEM SONER, burakcemsoner@gmail.com 1 HELVACIZADE GIDA İLAÇ KİMYA SAN. TİC. A.Ş 2 KONYA NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÜROLOJİ ABD 3 KONYA NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ ABD 4 KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ ABD

1236

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1186

DETERMINATION OF DEOXYNOJIRIMYCIN BY DEVELOPED AND VALIDATED AN HPLC-FLD METHOD IN LEAVES OF MULBERRY VARIETIES FROM TURKEY 1

NURANIYE ERUYGUR , EMRAH DURAL

ABSTRACT 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a piperidine alkaloid, is known to be one of the most potent aglycosidase inhibitors. In previous studies, more than twenty polyhydroxylated alkaloids have been identified in leaves of Morus species. The leaves of M. alba and M. nigra used in diabetes mellitus patient’s nutraceutical foods due to their antihyperglycemic activity in Korea and Japan. Therefore, it is necessasary to analysis of 1-deoxynojirimycin contents in pharmaceutical preparations and herbal drugs made form Morus leaves in order to quality control. Hence, a rapid, sensitive and reliable high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in Morus alba L. and Morus nigra leaves with fluorimetric detection after precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chlorformate (FMOC-Cl) was developed. DNJ in Morus alba L. and Morus nigra L. leaves was extracted with 0.05 mol/L HCI, derivatized with FMOC-Cl, and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescence detector. The separation was performed on GL Sciences Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile - 0.1 % aqueous acetic acid (50:50, v/v) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 26°C. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.1- 30 mg/L, the correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.9985. The limit of detection (3s/b) and quantification (n=10) were 1.07 and 3,27 ng mL-1, respectively. Intraday and interday method precision (n=5) were between 7.26; 3.98 and 7.03; 3.52 (RSD%), respectively. Intraday and interday method accuracy (n=5) were between (-6.68) - 2.80 and (-8.35) 3.77 (RE%), respectively. The method recovery (n=3) was between 97,16% - 107,85%. The obtained robustness values from emission and excitation detection, mobile phase ingredients and flow rates changes were show that method was very strong. The results showed that the content of DNJ in leaves of Morus alba L. were between 0,9% - 1,1% and in leaves of Morus nigra L. was 1,0%.

KEYWORDS HPLC, FLD, Morus alba, Morus nigra, Deoxynojirimycine, Validation

Corresponding Author: NURANİYE ERUYGUR, neruygur@cumhuriyet.edu.tr 1 CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1187

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ECHINOPS EMILIAE (ASTERACEAE) 1

HANDAN ŞAPCI , CEM VURAL

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different extracts from Echinops emiliae Schwarz ex P. H. Davis. Antimicrobial activity was estimated against several common human pathogenic bacterial strains using the agar disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration assays. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radicalscavenging assay and total phenolic content methods. On the light of these experiments, E. emiliae would seem to be an important natural antioxidant. Antimicrobial and antioxidant of E. emiliae have not been reported up to now. The results of this study obviously reported that the antimicrobial and antifungal activity could be change with used extracts. Also, the micro dilution method was more sensitive than disk diffusion. This study is first report on the biological activity of E. emiliae as regarded endemic species from Turkey. The results show that E. emiliae could use in the treatment of some illness.

KEYWORDS Anti-bacterial; antifungal; Composite; Echinops; phenolic content; plant extracts

Corresponding Author: HANDAN ŞAPCI, hsapci@cu.edu.tr 1 ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ERCİYES ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1188

FERULIC ACID AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD COMPOUND AND ITS IMPORTANCE 1

ŞEYDA BOSTANCI , İLKAY KOCA

ABSTRACT Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) is one of the most abundant phenolic acid in plant kingdom. It occurs from metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine by Shikimate pathways in plants. It is present at high concentrations in many products, including vegetables, fruits, cereals, and coffee. It is mainly conjugated with mono- and oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, lipids, and polyamines, and seldom found in a free forms in plants. It can be absorbed along the entire gastrointestinal tract and easily metabolized by the liver. It has many therapeutic properties like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-thrombosis, and anti-cancer activities. It protects against many disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and colon cancer. Also, ferulic acid is used in the food industry. The raw material of the production of vanillin is ferulic acid. In this review, the chemistry, natural resources and human health effects of ferulic acid are discussed.

KEYWORDS Functional food, secondary metabolite, phenolic acids, ferulic acid

Corresponding Author: ŞEYDA BOSTANCI, drseydabostanci@gmail.com 1 İSTANBUL KÜLTÜR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 SAMSUN 19 MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1189

MILK THISTLE (SILYBUM MARIANUM), POSSIBLE CLINICAL EFFECTS AND SAFETY 1

DUYGU AĞAGÜNDÜZ , MAKBULE GEZMEN KARADAĞ , HILAL YILDIRAN

ABSTRACT Milk thistle(Silybum marianum) is being used for the treatment of liver and gall bladder illnesses and for the protection of liver against toxins. Today, researches have focused on its effects as cytoprotective, antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects as well as on its protective effects against death cup(Amanita phalloides). Its active substance is silymarin, which is mostly found in the seeds. Silymarin is a flavonoid complex, which also includes silybin, silychristin and silydianin.Milk thistle seeds include 1.5-3% flavonolignan, also known as silymarin, 20-30% non-volatile oil (60% linoleic acid, 30% oleic acid, approximately 9% palmitic acid), 25-30% protein, 0.038% tocopherol and 0.60% sterol.There are frequently 70-80% flavonolignan(silybin, silychristin and silydianin), which are also known as silymarin, in milk thistle. Silymarin enters into enterohepatic circulation in the body so its concentration in the liver is generally higher than serum. Absorption of silymarin in gastrointestinal system is rather low(%20-50).For that reason, production of extract with high concentrations of active substance has become popular. The clinical researches suggest that milk thistle extract has positive effects on Hepatitis A, alcoholic cirrhosis and liver illnesses caused by exposure to harmful chemical. It has been found out that, as as anti-fibrotic agent, it has reduced the collagen accumulation in liver caused by serum procollagen Type III-formation.In a number of other researches it has been stated that silymarin has shown antienflamatuar effect and has regulated inflamatuar mediators such as; tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, nitrous oxide, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.Within this frame, it is considered that it has a role in the treatment of infectious diseases.In some studies, it has been found out that milk thistle has reduced free radical production and hepatotoxicity lipid peroxydation. Studies on its anticarcinogenic effects are still going on and there are studies suggesting that it is especially effective in the treatment of prostate cancer related with sex hormones.However, American Family Physicians Association(AAFP) states that the evidence regarding its effectiveness in its use in the clinic is poor. As for the assessments regarding its side effects, it is stated that it is generally well tolerated, but it has caused itchiness, eczema, skin eruption and anaphylaxis in some cases. However, effective and safe dose in clinic use is contradictorUS Food and Drug Administration(FDA) stated in 2001 that it is safe to be added in malt based drinks to support bitter aroma. However, evidence for its safety in clinical use is inadequate. Although it is not mentioned very significant interference in general in terms of drug interactions, in some studies it has been stated that it may form herb-drug interference by interfering with cytochrome P(CYP) microsomal enzyme. In some in vitro studies, it has been found out that it has significantly induced CYP3A4 isoform and in some other studies that it may inhibit the activities of enzymes by irreversibly binding to CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 enzymes. It has been found out that it may inhibit CYP2C9 enzyme in liver and it has reduced metabolite rate related with CYP2C as the result of use of Losartan with Milk Thistle. As a Corresponding Author: DUYGU AĞAGÜNDÜZ, duyguturkozu@gazi.edu.tr 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

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result, although it has been stated in some studies that milk thistle has significant effects in protection from and treatment of some diseases in clinic, evidence for that is poor. Further studies are required on this subject. Attention should be paid for its safety and for its possible drug interactions and it should not be used without an advice from a physician. Selected References Gezmen-Karadağ M, Türközü D, Topağaç Kapucu D.Göztepe Tıp Dergisi 2013; 28(4):164-70. Rainone F. Milk thistle Am Fam Physician 2005;72(7):1285-8. Ross SM. Milk Thistle(Silybum marianum):An Ancient Botanical Medicine for Modern Times.Holist Nurs Pract 2008;22(5):299–300.

KEYWORDS Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum), Clinical Effects, Safety

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1192

SALVIA SPECIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 1

MEVRA AL , AYŞE SAIDE ŞAHIN , ESRA BÜYÜK , BURAK CEM SONER

ABSTRACT Salvia belongs to the family of Lamiaceae (Labiatae), which has a cosmopolitan distribution with 200 genera and 3000 to 4000 species. There are about 900 species of Salvia, one of the widest generals of the family. The plants are herbaceous or bushy, perennial, rarely biannual or annual, mostly aromatic, with flowers in different colors. Salvia L. is widely distributed in various parts of the world such as the Mediterranean region, South Africa, Central and South America, and Southeast Asia. The main center of species in Asia is Anatolia. There are 43 endemic species in Anatolia. In addition to diversity of species, Salvia also has differences in bioactivity between species. There are very different pharmacological effects between species. For thousands of years, it has been used in the treatment of many diseases such as flu, bronchitis, tuberculosis, hemorrhage, oral cavity and throat inflammation. The main component of Salvia oil is volatile monoterpenoids. It has been reported that S. officinalis (Sage), S. lavandulifolia and S. fruticosa Miller species with high essential oil content have antibacterial properties. Dan-shen (S. miltiorrhize root extract) is defined as a drug used in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia to treat heart and circulatory system diseases, insomnia and acute arthritis pain in patients with rheumatism. Salvianolic acid in Dan-Shen is a potent inhibitor of H+/K+ ATPase and has been shown to be effective in reducing gastric acid secretion. However, the antiulcer effect is less than the well-known antiulcer agent omeprazole. The antispasmodic effect of Salvia varies by species. Sage and S. fruticosa Mil. has antispasmodic activity while S. verbenacea L. species was observed to increase spasmodic efficacy. Sage leaves show antioxidant properties due to its phenolic structure. Pharmacological studies show that S. lavandulifolia Vah., S. fruticosa Mil. and S. aegypyaca species have strong hypoglycemic effects. The Mexican sage, S. divinorum, is well known for its hallucinogenic effect. The components thujone and camphor are responsible for volatile oil toxicity. αthujone inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor and oral use of camphor even in small quantities may lead to serious adverse effects resulting in tonic-clonic seizures and death. Inhalation or oral consumption of Sage and its commercial products may result in convulsions. Essential oil can reduce the effects of central nervous system depressants such as diazepam and phenobarbital while potentiating the effects of stimulants. An experimental neurotoxicity study in rats showed that the subconvulsive limit for volatile oil is 0.3 g/kg dose. The anticholinesterase (AChE) activity observed in the components of the Salvia species has been investigated clinically in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Sage volatile oil (0.5 mg/ml) has been shown to inhibit AChE activity by 46%. Sage and S. lavandulifolia volatile oil may interact with AChE inhibitor drugs used in the treatment of Alzheimer due to AChE inhibitor effect. The Chinese herb 'Dan Shen' with antiplatelet activity has been reported to cause bleeding by increasing the anticoagulant effect of warfarin. S. miltiorrhiza increases plasma estrogen levels, ovarian and uterine prostaglandin-F2α levels, and this effect on the endocrine system has been shown in immature rats. The estrogenic effect of Salvia may potentiate the effect of oral Corresponding Author: BURAK CEM SONER, burakcemsoner@gmail.com 1 KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 2 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD.

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antidiabetics, folic acid antagonists and some corticosteroids and may induce hyperlipidemia and inhibit the effect of hypolipidemic drugs. Due to the antidiabetic effect of thujone, sage should be used with carefully antidiabetic drugs. Sage's aqueous extract is a specific inhibitor of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes so prolonged uses of sage may interact with the substrates of these enzymes. Carnosol isolated from sage extract has been shown to reduce the minimum inhibitor concentration of aminoglycoside in vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Carnosol and carnosic acid show synergistic effect with gentamicin.

KEYWORDS Sage, Salvia officinalis, Dan-shen, drug interaction

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1193

SCOPOLETIN: NATURAL SOURCES AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1

İLKAY KOCA , DAMLANUR KÜBRA ÇAKIR , BELKIS TEKGÜLER

ABSTRACT In recent years, coumarins, which are commonly used for preventing and treatment of many diseases, are one of secondary metabolits produced by bacteria, fungus and some plants under abiotic and biotic stress. The scopoletin ,involved in coumarins, is important health-related substance, has been shown to exert biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglisemic, anticancer, hypouricemic, enhancer of melanin synthesis. Until today, the presence of scopoletin has been found in many plants belong to Liliaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Loasaceae, Urticaceae, Apiaceae, Fabaceae, Portulacaceae, Malvaceae families. In this rewiew, distribution of scopoletin in plant kingdom, its biological and pharmacological properties and benefits on human health were discussed.

KEYWORDS Coumarin, scopoletin, health

Corresponding Author: DAMLANUR KÜBRA ÇAKIR, cakirdamlanurkubra91@gmail.com 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, 55139, SAMSUN

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1194

THE UNKNOWN HEALING 'TAURUS CREAM' 1

AYŞE NUR ŞEN , PROF.DR. MUHITTIN DİNÇ

ABSTRACT Turkey is like a continent about plants.According to the results of studies made until today, it’s determined that Turkey has got so many plants as family, genus and species.Our country’s flora is wealthier than its nighbours and other European countries.As its cultural treasure , besides this our country has a comprehensive information treasure about ethnobotany.But with migrations to big cities from villages and the development of technology; this knowledge is nearly disappearing.Medical and aromatic plants has a wide marketing all over the World especially for medicine and food raw material.Using of these plants from past until today and knowledge of their local names are so important for humanity and transfering these to next generation.Turkey has got 10765 flowering plant. In the world there are 800.000, in Turkey there are more than 9000 plants. The species which is cultivated for food is about 3000. But the wild plants used for food are above 10000. World Health Organisation determined nearly 20.000.Whereas the wild plants used for medical are at least 500. In this study , in Mersin, Anamur city’s, Çarıklar village Havva SEZGİN (60 year old) called woman’s ‘Taurus cream’ has been searched.She got it from her father İsa Salı and it’s been a medicine for 21 years. She used in this cream these materials and plants; Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus, Cyclamen cilicium Boiss.&Heldr., Abies cilicica (Ant.&Kotschy) Carr. subsp. Isaurica Coode & Cullen, wax (bee houses), butter with no salt. She is determining the quantities according to the capacity of case and her need for the sicks. For example, 2 kiloes of Juniperus oxycedrus L. subsp. oxycedrus ‘s – Abies cilicica’s resin gum are boiled with wax and butter after mashed.Then she is adding the Cyclamen cilicium’s tuber .After boiling these materials, she is lefting the mixture under the sunlight.She puts this medicine on the injuried skin for 24 hours.If the injuried skin has turned to white colour, it means that it had effected and healing is started. Havva Sezgin’s neighbours in the village and people from Anamur city centre are visiting her and getting this ‘Taurus cream’ for healing. As the kind of illness; she is giving the cream, but not cancer people. Her father had said her ‘ Don’t refuse anybody and help everyone with this medicinal mixture. In this study; this cream was also used for a woman Şerife K.(73 years old) who has got stained skin on face and burnt.The cream was practised to her face and has got good results of it in 24 hours.This medical mixture is used for these illnesses; skin injuries except cancer, foot&hand fungus ilness, face acnes, hair illness, knife cuts, inflammatied wounds, bullet wound. In the conclusion of this ethnobotanical search, this unknown medical cream can be brought in the science and by transfering next generations, positive and useful results can be got. KEYWORDS Ethnobotany, flora, medicine , Taurus cream. Corresponding Author: AYŞE NUR ŞEN, anemon33sa@hotmail.com 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1195

SENNA AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 1

AYŞE SAIDE ŞAHIN , MEVRA AL , AYTEN DEMIRCI , BURAK CEM SONER

ABSTRACT The senna fruit obtained from Cassia angustifolia is one of the most important herbal drugs for the treatment of constipation worldwide. It is one of the most popular laxatives, especially in geriatric patients. The major component of senna is anthraquinone glycosides. Senna leaf anthraquinones include sennosides A, B, C and D, and palmidin A, rhein anthrone and aloe-emodin glycosides. The fruit contains sennosides A and B and a closely related glycoside named sennoside A1. Senna is usually standardized according to the amount of sennoside B content. At therapeutic doses, sennosides provide relief from painful constipation by softening the consistency of the feces without disturbing the routine defecation frequency. Senna increases colonic transit rate and colonic peristaltism. The characteristic activity of senna usually occurs within 8-10 hours. So it is recommended to be used at night. The long-term use of senna can cause excessive water and potassium loss because of anthraquinones. Systemic corticosteroids with mineralocorticoid activity can cause water retention and potassium loss too. Theoretically, prolonged use of senna combined with systemic corticosteroids may increase the risk of hypokalaemia. Also, senna may increase the risk for digitalis toxicity including cardiac arrhythmias due to its hypokalemic effect. Theoretically, in patients taking senna with potassium-depleting diuretics cause excessive potassium loss. Also, laxative effect of senna reduces furosemide absorption in the intestine. In a study with 7 patients with cardiac arrhythmias taking sustained-release quinidine, senna reduced plasma quinidine levels, by about 25%. According to a case report, a 45-year-old female patient who used senna-based laxative was hospitalized because of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient was using warfarin regularly for six years. Blood tests showed a haemoglobin concentration of 84 g/L; the platelet count was normal, but INR was 11.9; the activated partial thromboplastin time was 92.4 s (control time 29.3 s). It has been reported that this effect was due to decreased vitamin K (which leads to the activation of factors II, VII, IX and X) by the laxative effect. Therefore, attention should be taken on concomitatnt use of warfarin with senna-based laxatives to prevent risk of bleeding. In a study with 40 premenopausal women, the decrease in intestinal transit time by senna significantly reduced serum oestrogen concentration. Theoretically, senna may reduce the effect of estrogen-containing contraceptives. Experimental evidences suggest that danthron that is anthraquinone found in senna reduces the absorptive permeability of ketoprofen by almost 30% and the senna leaf infusion enhances ketoprofen permeability by about 1,5-fold. In conclusion, care should be taken in patients using senna if patient has a concomitant drug use.

KEYWORDS Senna, Drug interactions, laxative, sennosides

Corresponding Author: BURAK CEM SONER, burakcemsoner@gmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 2 KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD.

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1196

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF FENUGREEK SEED 1

DAMLANUR KÜBRA ÇAKIR , İLKAY KOCA

ABSTRACT Evaluating of natural antioxidant content of edible and medicinal plant materials are important for human health and food industry. The aim of this study was to determine antioxidant activity of fenugreek seed which is a spice and medicinal plant. Ten samples were analyzed in this study. The samples were extracted with 40% ethyl alcohol solution, and total phenolics content, 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) analyses were carried out in the extracts. Total phenolics, DPPH and FRAP values were found as 3925-5950 mg Gallic acid eqiuvalent (GAE)/100g (5125±605 mg GAE/100g), 215.25-558.64 µmol TE/g (418.02±107.55 µmol/g) and 4139.07-9519.87 µmol Fe2+/g (6800.87±1776.22 µmol/g) in dry matter, respectively. These results have showed that fenugreek seed is a good source in terms of antioxidant.

KEYWORDS Fenugreek seed, antioxidant, health

Corresponding Author: DAMLANUR KÜBRA ÇAKIR, cakirdamlanurkubra91@gmail.com 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, 55139, SAMSUN

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1197

A BIOACTIVE COMPOUND IN TEA: GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) 1

ŞEYDA BOSTANCI , ILKAY KOCA

ABSTRACT Tea is a manufactured from the buds and leaves of Camellia sinensis. Tea contains many chemical compounds such as catechins, alkaloids, polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and volatile oils. The free amino acids are particularly interesting because they are not only responsible for the taste of tea infusions, but also have various beneficial effects. Gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four carbon free amino acid found in tea plant. GABA is produced by the decarboxylation of L-glutamic acid that catalyzed by glutamate decarboxylase enzyme. There is GABA in all tea types, but in GABA tea, the amount of GABA is much higher because of its special production tecnique. GABA tea is known as Gabaron tea in Japan. GABA tea is manufactured by fermenting fresh tea leaves under nitrogen gas. The taste of GABA tea is like oolong tea’s. GABA tea is rich in antioxidants. GABA and GABA tea have numerous physiological functions and positive effects on many metabolic disorders such as hypotensive effect, reducing anxiety and stress, helping to modify sleep and mood, and alleviating postmenopausal depression. In this rewiew, the characteristics and beneficial health effects of GABA and GABA tea are discussed.

KEYWORDS Tea, aminoacid, GABA

Corresponding Author: İLKAY KOCA, itosun@omu.edu.tr 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, 55139, SAMSUN

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1198

ECHINACEA: PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 1

AYSE SAIDE ŞAHIN , MEVRA AL , MEHMET MESUT PIŞKIN , HILAL KOÇ SONER , BURAK CEM SONER

ABSTRACT Echinacea is a group of American cone flowers from the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. Within the class, there are nine plant species. Three of these are usually found in herbal preparations: Echinacea purpurea (Purple Echinacea), Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea pallida (Paleflowered Echinacea). Although E. purpurea is the most commonly used spicy, it is frequently combined with E. angustifolia. The active ingredients of the echinacea are polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkylamides, polyacetylenes and essential oils. Polysaccharides seem to be responsible for the immunostimulatory activity of the echinacea. The general preparations are prepared by fresh press or the ethanolic extract of the dried parts of the fibres, roots and flowers of the plant. Glycerol is used instead of alcohol, especially for children in flavoured liquid products. Echinacea increases the ability of granulocytes and macrophages to ward off the disease. Activated macrophages secrete interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, which stimulates the specific immune system and protects the cells from viral attacks. Caffeic acid derivatives such as chicoric acid and alkylamides are responsible for the antiviral effect of purple echinacea juice. Also, they inhibit hyaluronidase, thereby reduces the permeability of the blood vessels and inhibits the spread of local infection. Theoretically, echinacea may antagonize the effects of immunosuppressant medication. Animal studies have shown that the combination of powder extract of the root of E. purpurea and melatonin has an adverse effect on mature granulocyte levels in bone marrow and spleen. A potentially positive interaction between E. purpurea and phenytoin has been reported in mice. Phenytoin is known to increase the risk of cleft palate when used in pregnancy. According to this study, E. purpurea decreased the incidence of cleft palate caused by phenytoin. E. purpurea root has been shown to selectively modulate CYP3A activity in intestine (inhibition) and liver (induction) in a clinical study. This biphasic effect of E. purpurea root has been attributed to different ingradients in root content, differences in absorbtion rate of ingradients or a systematically formed metabolite. Echinacea purpurea root alters the metabolism of the probe drugs by the inhibition of intestinal CYP3A and hepatic CYP2C9 and CYP1A2. However, it has been shown that 400 mg Echinacea purpurea root treatment for 8 days resulted with hepatic CYP3A induction and increases clearance of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea may increase oral clearance of CYP3A substrates with a low clearance and high oral bioavailability such as alprazolam because of the hepatic induction of CYP3A. Conversely, for CYP3A substrates such as buspirone, simvastatin, and terfenadine, which have low oral bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism in the intestine, may result in increased serum concentrations of these substrates as a result of intestinal CYP3A inhibition when used with echinacea. Although details of the echinacea genus and its extract used are not specified, it has been reported that there may be an interaction between Echinacea and Corresponding Author: BURAK CEM SONER, burakcemsoner@gmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 2 KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 3 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÜROLOJİ AD. 4 KONYA DR.FARUK SÜKAN DOĞUM VE ÇOCUK HASTANESİ

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etoposide (CYP3A4 substrate) with a case report. A 61-year-old male patient was diagnosed with cell lung cancer and chemoradiotherapy was initiated simultaneously with cisplatin and etoposide. He was admitted to the clinic on the 8th day of her first recurrence because of thrombocytopenia. Platelet transfusion support was given. Although researchers have not confirmed the interaction between echinacea and etoposide, they concluded that warnings should be given to the use of CYP3A4 substrates (antracyclines, etoposide, vinca alcaloids, taxanes) and echinacea in patients receiving chemotherapy. Theoretically, chemotherapeutics etoposide, epipodophyllotoxin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, vindesine, vinblastine, vincristine, vinorelbine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan, tamoxifen, tipifarnib which are metabolized by CYP3A4 and dacarbazin which is metabolized by CYP1A2 may also interact with echinacea.

KEYWORDS Echinacea, drug interactions, CYP3A4 induction

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1199

GINKGO BILOBA: PHARMACOLOGICALPROPERTIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 1

MEVRA AL , AYŞE SAIDE ŞAHIN , ESER YILDIZ , BURAK CEM SONER

ABSTRACT Ginkgo biloba, also known as a fossil tree, is the oldest living tree and leaf extracts have been used for centuries in the treatment of various diseases. In Chinese medicine tea is prepared for asthma and bronchitis treatment. In Germany and other European countries, it is frequently prescribed in form standard tablet or capsule form. Its major components are flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, terpene lactones including ginkgolide A, B, C and sesquiterpene bilabolides. The standardized Ginkgo extract contains 22-27% flavone glycosides and 5-12% terpene lactones which are main active ingradients. Flavonol glycosides, a component of the ginkgo leaf, improves blood circulation. Ginkgolid-B is a platelet activating factor antagonist. The main indications for Ginkgo are primary degenerative dementia, vascular dementia, absent state, confusion, lack of energy, fatigue, decreased physical performance, depressive mood, anxiety, vascular and dizziness and ear tinnitus, relieving the symptoms caused by the peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The most important interaction with Ginkgo biloba is the risk of spontaneous bleeding that can be observed when used with anticoagulants. A number of clinically significant cases of bleeding have been reported. A 70-year-old man started using 40 mg of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract twice a day. After one week he complained of recurrent blurred vision attacks in his right eye. He went to the clinic 2 days later and a red color change in the cornea was noticed. The only medication the patient used was a single dose of 325 mg aspirin, which is prescribed after coronary artery bypass surgery since 3 years. The patient did not have any eye trauma, ischemia or vascular occlusion in the past. The physical examination was entirely normal except for a fine stream of blood oozing down from the 12 o'clock position of the margin of the iris into the inferior angle, where a layering of blood was seen on gonioscopy. The patient stopped taking Ginkgo's extract but continued aspirin treatment. It has been reported that the bleeding did not recur during the three-month follow-up period. The injection of Gingko biloba extract to increase microcirculation due to anticoagulant effect with sodium aescinate obtained from horse chestnut seed approved by Chinese Food and Drug Administration for postoperative oedema treatment has resulted with severe nephrotoxicity. It has been reported that fetal intracerebral hemorrhage develops in a patient using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent containing ibuprofen with Ginkgo biloba extract. The effect of Gingko biloba (daily 100 mg extract) was investigated with a placebocontrolled cross-blind study involving 21 patients receiving prolonged warfarin treatment, and it turned out that INR value did not change. Experimental studies show that Ginkgo biloba accelerated the onset of ototoxicity caused by amikacin and increases ototoxic adverse effect. Ginkgo biloba also increases the extrapyramidal adverse effects of haloperidol. Ginkgo biloba has been reported to cause priapism in a patient receiving risperidone treatment. The α-adrenergic properties of risperidone cause Corresponding Author: BURAK CEM SONER, burakcemsoner@gmail.com 1 KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 2 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD.

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priapism very rarely. Possible vascular effects of Gingko biloba may increase the adverse effects of risperidone. Gingko biloba increases omeprazole metabolism by CYP2C19 enzyme induction and similarly enhances the metabolism of other proton pump inhibitor drugs which are also CYP2C19 substrate. It has been reported that co-administration with efavirenz results with virological failure. According to researchers, terpenoid ingradients in Ginkgo biloba causes CYP3A4 or P-glycoprotein induction. However, clinical trials have shown that Gingko biloba does not cause significant changes in the CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, or CYP2E1 enzyme phenotype. It has been reported that a 55year-old female patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency who has 17.5 mg of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract injection for dementia prophylaxis without doctor's advice developed hemolytic anemia. In 2013, the Ginkgo biloba extract by the International Agency for Research on Cancer has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).

KEYWORDS Ginkgo biloba, drug interactions, ginkgolide,

1252

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1200

GARLIC: PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND DRUG INTERACTIONS 1

ESER YILDIZ , MEVRA AL , AYŞE SAIDE ŞAHIN , TARIK ACAR , BURAK CEM SONER

ABSTRACT Allium sativum (garlic) have been used for medicinal purposes for a century. The active compounds of garlic include alliin, allinase, diallyldisulfide, ajoens. Alicin is major garlic constituent, which is also responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic, sulphur-like smell. When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, The pharmacological effects of garlic are mainly linked to sulphur-containing components. Other sulphur compounds found in garlic are allylmethyltrisulfide, allylpropyldisulfide, diallyldisulfide, diallyltrisulfide, ajoene. It also contains glycosides, monoterpenoids, enzymes, flavonoids based on kaempferol and quercetin. Aged garlic extract (AGE) that prepared with the long-term extraction of fresh garlic (normally at 20 months) appears to be superior to normal garlic in its antioxidant properties. The most common known pharmacological effect is lowering total serum cholesterol levels, probably through the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Garlic’s other pharmacological effects are its antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, antithrombotic, antimutagenic, and antiplatelet effects. Also in vitro studies have demonstrated that both garlic powder and garlic extract inhibit human lymphatic leukaemia cell growth. Garlic has been reported to have hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced acute hepatotoxicity model in rats. Interactions between garlic and warfarin (oral anticoagulan agent) may be clinically significant. Garlic reduces platelet aggregation and it may cause spontaneous bleeding even when used alone. Therefore, garlic may cause bleeding if concomitantly used with anticoagulant and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical studies showed that liquid, aged garlic extract inhibits platelet aggregation. Also, animal studies showed that ajoene and sulphur compounds derived from garlic possess antiplatelet and antithrombotic property. Studies suggest that AGE inhibits platelet aggregation via inhibition of GPIIb/IIIa receptor thus inhibits the binding of fibrinogen to platelet. Garlic ingestion should be stopped at least one week before surgeries. Although drug interaction of garlic and lisinopril has been associated significant hypotension and syncope has been reported, no interaction has been shown. When garlic is used with fish oil, it reverses the increasing effect of fish oil on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels. Garlic supplements reduces LDL levels and fish oil reduces triacylglycerol levels but increases LDL levels. Combined use may be more beneficial in patients with high blood lipids. The effect of crude aqueous extract of garlic on the pharmacokinetic parameters of isoniazid and rifampicin was studied in rabbits. While oral administration of the garlic extract did not cause any changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of rifampicin, it significantly reduced isoniazid bioavailability without causing any change in elimination rate. Crude aqueous extract of garlic reduced AUC and maximum serum levels of a single 30-mg/kg dose of isoniazid by about 55% and 65%, respectively, when Corresponding Author: BURAK CEM SONER, burakcemsoner@gmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 2 KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 3 KONYA BEYHEKİM DEVLET HASTANESİ

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compared with the levels after a single 30-mg/kg dose isoniazid. The use of garlic with protease inhibitor saquinavir may significantly reduce saquinavir plasma levels. The mechanism of this interaction is uncertain but garlic may be reducing saquinavir bioavailability by increasing its metabolism in intestine. Care should be taken on concomitant use of garlic with other CYP3A4 substrate protease inhibitors such as amprenavir, atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, tipranavir.

KEYWORDS garlic, allium sativum, drug interactions

1254

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1201

THE MEDICINAL AND AROMATICAL PLANT POTENTIAL IN TĂ&#x153;RKIYE AND CONSERVATION STUDIES 1

TE D

BELKIS MUCA

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

It is known that approximately 12,000 plant taxa have been distributed according to the data obtained in recent years in Turkey. It has been determined that up to 500 of these plants (about 300 are sold in import shop) are medicinal and aromatic plants. However, it is noteworthy that the number of medicinal and aromatic plants of an country rich in plant diversity is so little. This study is prepared to show the diversity of medical and aromatic plants in our country, the areas they spread and the conservation studies suggested for these plants. In our country, medicinal and aromatic plants show more spread in less soil, rocky and especially in steppe fields. The more challenging the habitat conditions, the higher the amount of essential substance in medical and aromatic plants. For this reason, there are some clustering points for these plants in our country. Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and the Lakes Region are some of these points. The commercial importance and diversity of medical and aromatic plants in our country is also remarkable. Although commercially valuable medicinal and aromatic plants are cultivated in some regions, natural collection in the whole country takes place at a higher rate. This jeopardizes both our plant diversity and our medical and aromatic potential. The model studies of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs are inadequate with their existence. In our work, methods are proposed to evaluate the natural distribution of medicinal and aromatic plants. The work is expected to provide a source for medical and aromatic plant collectors, traders, healthcare users and researchers.

Medical Plant, Aromatic Plant, Distribution, Conservation, TĂźrkiye.

Corresponding Author: BELKIS MUCA, belkismuca@gmail.com 1

1255

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1202

CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF THE ROOT AND FRUIT EXTRACTS OF NEOCRYPTODISCUS PAPILLARIS (BOISS.) HERRNST. & HEYN 1

FATMA TOSUN , FEYYAZ MIHOĞLUGİL , MAHMUT MİSKİ

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to investigate the cytotoxic activity of Neocryptodiscus papillaris (Boiss.) Herrnst. & Heyn (Apiaceae). The roots and fruits of N. papillaris were collected from Aşağı Dilimli village, Viranşehir, Şanlıurfa in June 2013. The plant materials were separately and sequentially extracted with dichloromethane and methanol at room temperature. The extracts were individually concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure to dryness. Furthermore, methanol extract was dissolved in methanol/water (10:90) and then partitioned with ethyl acetate in a separatory funnel, the resulting extracts were separately concentrated in vacuo to dryness. These extracts were subjected to the cytotoxic activity testing. The highest activity was found in the dichloromethane extracts against the colon cancer COLO205 and KM12 cell lines. The dichloromethane extract of the root of N. papillaris showed cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 23.0 and 14.0 ug/mL against the colon cancer COLO205 and KM12 cell lines, respectively. Whereas, the dichloromethane extract of the fruit showed cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 23.1 and 17.2 ug/mL against the colon cancer COLO205 and KM12 cell lines, respectively.

KEYWORDS Neocryptodiscus papillaris, cytotoxic activity

Corresponding Author: FEYYAZ MIHOĞLUGİL, feyyazmihoglugil@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ FARMAKOGNOZİ ANABİLİM DALI 2 İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ FARMAKOGNOZİ ANABİLİM DALI

1256

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1203

ROSEMARY: PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND DRUG INTERACTION 1

ESER YILDIZ , MEVRA AL , AYŞE SAIDE ŞAHIN , DURMUŞ ALI ASLANLAR , BURAK CEM SONER

ABSTRACT Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) is grown in the South and West Anatolian. The plant belongs to the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae) which is a strong aromatic low evergreen shrub. Constituents include essential oil (1,8 cineole, α-pinene and camphor), diterpenes, rosmarinic acid that derivatives from caffeic acid, flavonoids and triterpenes. Rosemary is used for flavouring foods and in cosmetic products. In traditional medicine it is used as an antispasmodic in renal colic and dysmenorrhoea, in relieving respiratory disease, in supportive treatment of rheumatic disorder and for stimulating hair growth. Rosemary oil may irritate the skin and increases the circulation when applied topically. Major bioactive constituents of rosemary oil are rosmarinic acid, carnosolic acid and carnosol which are responsible from antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects. Rosemary oil possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties. Rosemary is an effective antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus when used as spices. It has been shown that the lyophilized aqueous extract of rosemary shows hepatoprotective effect by reducing t-butyl hydroperoxide induced malonaldehyde formation in rat hepatocytes in vitro. Also, it significantly decreases of the release of hepatic lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Carnosol, carnosolic acid and rosmanol in the diterpene structure of the lipophilic and hydrophobic fractions of rosemary shows inhibitory activity on superoxide anion production in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. The spasmolytic effect of 1,8-cineole and bornyl acetate in the ileum smooth muscle and atrium muscle was demonstrated in animal studies. It has been shown that rosemary extract treatment significant increases the uptake of radiopharmaceutical agent technetium-99m (99mTc) Sulphur Colloid in rat liver. These results indicate that rosemary extract or metabolites changes the biodistribution of 99mTc-Sulphur Colloid which is a commonly used radionuclide for diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals. The ethanol extract of rosemary and cefuroxime combination show synergistic activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. It is speculated that the bioactive component in rosemary damages the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacteria and thus facilitates antibiotic influx. The rosemary is rich in phenolic acid and can cause a reduction in non-heme-iron absorption. Rosemary inhibits the binding of doxorubicin, vinblastine and azidopine to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) thus directly inhibits membrane Pgp efflux activity. This increases the intracellular accumulation of medicines by reducing P-gp mediated efflux. Theoretically, it is possible that rosemary can change the plasma levels of drugs that are P-gp substrates such as aliskiren, ambrisentan, colchicine, dabigatran, digoxin, everolimus, fexofenadine, imatinib, lapatinib, maraviroc, nilotinib, posaconazole, ranolazine, saxagliptin, sirolimus, sitagliptin, talinolol, tolvaptan, topotecan. Animal studies shows that rosemary has significant in vitro and in vivo antithrombotic activity. The antithrombotic mechanism can be Corresponding Author: BURAK CEM SONER, burakcemsoner@gmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 2 KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ AD. 3 ÇUMRA DEVLET HASTANESİ

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explained by the direct inhibitory effect on platelets. Animal studies showed that oral rosmarinic acid reduces fibronectin and fibrin formation in the glomerulus. Theoretically, concurrent use of anticoagulant medications may increase the risk of bleeding. According in-vitro studies, the aqueous extract of rosemary can inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme. In animal studies, it has been shown that rosemary has diuretic effects and lowers electrolyte levels. It has also been shown to increase permeability of furosemide in vitro in CaCO2 monolayer cell-line. According to the case reports, rosemary treatment can induce lithium toxicity due to its diuretic effect.

KEYWORDS Rosmarinus officinalis, rosemary, drug interactions,

1258

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1204

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF ORIGANUM SIPYLEUM 1

MELTEM TAŞ , SELÇUK KÜÇÜKAYDIN , ÇIĞDEM KUŞ , MEHMET EMIN DURU , HASAN YILDIRIM

ABSTRACT Turkey has a rich flora, in terms of, medicinal and aromatic plant diversity. The genus Origanum is a member of Lamiaceae family and represented by 32 taxon in Turkey and 21 of them are endemic for Turkey. Origanum sipyleum is an endemic species to Anatolia. It used as herbal tea, spicy and folk medicine by people in Turkey The purpose of this study was investigate to the chemical composition and antioxidant activties of the essential oil of Origanum sipyleum. The plant was provided from Muğla in 2015. For obtain essential oil, aerial parts of O.sipyleum was hydrodistillated for 3h using a Clevenger type equipments.The essential oil was analysed by using GC-GC/MS. Antioxidant activities of extracts were performed by five complementary tests systems i.e. β-carotene linoleic acid, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and metal chelating assays. Twenty five components were identified by GC-GC/MS in essential of O.sipyleum.β-caryophyllene (22.2 %) , γ-terpinene (18.3%), carvacrol (8.8%) were found the major components of O. Sipyleum. According to antioxidant activity results, O.sipyleum exhibited, 63.85±1.54%, 12.17±1.01%, 46.15±1.04% inhibitions and 0.38±0.05 absorbance value in β-carotene linoleic acid, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays respectively at 800 µg/ml concentration.

KEYWORDS Antioxidant activity, essential oil ,GC-MS, Origanum sipyleum

Corresponding Author: MELTEM TAŞ, tasmeltem@hotmail.com 1 MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1259

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1205

HERBAL MEDICINE IN CHRONIC RENAL DISEASES ÖMER ARSLAN KALAFATCILAR

TE D

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS

Chronic renal dieases are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Here we report a case with glomerulonephritis who was treated with herbal medicine. A 62-year-old man was admitted to Nephrology Clinic with edema of lower extremities. Laboratory investigations and renal biopsy showed 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis' (MPGN) disorder. His protein levels of 24-hour urine ranged from 8 to 15 gr/day under the treatment of diuretics and statins. An 2% infusion of Solidago virgaurea L. was given three times a day. At the fourth month of herbal infusion treatment, his 24-hour urine analysis for proteinuria was reduced to 2,5 gr/day. Thuj Q 6 homeopathy treatment was added after herbal infusion therapy and 24-hour urine analysis for proteinuria showed decreased protein levels to 1,5 gr/day. His clinical course is stabile for 13 years without any medical treatment. In conclusion chronic renal diseases have progressive course and herbal medicine and homeopathy are rarely being used in these disorders in Turkey. The aim of this case report is to point to the usage of Solidago virgaurea L. and homeopathy as an alternative treatment modality for MPGN disorder. Educational training programs need to be added in medicine schools in our country. By this way, further researchs will be done and these patients with chronic renal disease will have chance to use alternative treatment modalities like herbal infusions or homeopathy.

Glomerulonephritis, edema, Solidago virgaurea L.

Corresponding Author: ÖMER ARSLAN KALAFATCILAR, oakalafatcilar@yahoo.com 1 CELAL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ALAŞEHİR MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU, TIBBİ VE AROMATİK BİTKİLER PROGRAMI (EMEKLİ ÖĞRETİM ÜYESİ)

1260

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1206

DETERMINATION OF ANTIFUNGAL EFFECTS OF THYME, ROSEMARY AND RED PEPPER AGAINST ASPERGILLUS NIGER, PENICILLUM SSP. AND MUCOR SSP. 1

ASLI ÇELİKEL , MUTLU BUKET AKIN , BÜŞRA GÖNCÜ

ABSTRACT In addition to the taste and flavor characteristics herbal in the world is used for the treatment and protection during the long years. Herbal extracts and essential oils, which are derived from plants by various methods, has been proved by scientific studies to have antimicrobial effects. Thyme is a kind of spice that is widely used in food industry. Its composition contains 63.9% carbohydrate, 9.1% protein and 7.4% fat. It has been reported that thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, α-pinene and camphene found in thyme essential oil, phenolic compounds and flavonoids of thyme have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The composition of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), which has widespread use as a natural preservative, is 64.1% carbohydrate, 15.2% fat and 4.9% protein convenience. Rosemary essential oil generally contains 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, camphor, camphene, borneol, piperitone, linalol. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiviral effects of rosemary have been determined by many studies. Red pepper is a kind of plant species that grows annually depending on the genus Capsicum of the Solanaceae family. It is rich in ascorbic acid and carotene contents. Generally it is used as spice, feedstuff and antibiotic raw material in pharmaceutical industry. Mold is one of the types of microorganisms that can cause food spoilage. Some mold species produce secondary metabolites called "mycotoxins" that show toxic properties. Aspergillus, Penicillum, Alternaria, Fusarium, and Mucor are the most common molds that produce toxins In this study antifungal effects of mixtures of extracts and essential oils of thyme, rosemary and red pepper on Aspergillus nigeri, Penicillum ssp. and Mucor ssp. were investigated. According to the results, the highest antifungal effects were determined from the mixture of rosemary extract and rosemary oil against Mucor ssp. and from the mixture of thyme extract and thyme oil against Aspergillus niger.. It was also found that the lowest antifungal effect was shown from red pepper extract and rosemary extract and oils against Penicillium ssp.

KEYWORDS Thyme, Rosemary, Red Pepper, Antifungal effect

Corresponding Author: ASLI ÇELİKEL, acelikel2@gmail.com 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, ŞANLIURFA

1261

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1208

SAFFRON (CROCUS SATIVUS L. ): ITS COMPOSITION AND CLINICAL PROPERTIES 1

HAVVA ARIN , GÖKHAN DEGE , BIRSEN YILMAZ , GAMZE AKBULUT

ABSTRACT In our country, Crocus Sativus L. is known with different names such as saffron, saffron flower, saffron crocus and zagferan. It belongs to the family of Iridaceae as well as it grows naturally in India, the Balkans, and the Eastern Mediterranean, a perennial, 20-30 cm long bulb with a purple flower blooming in the autumn. Besides carbohydrates, polypeptides, lipids, H2O, minerals and vitamins, there are more than 150 different compounds in saffron. Also, it contains three main bioactive components: crocin, safranal and picrocrocin. Crocin, a water-soluble carotenoid, is the glycosyl ester of crocetin and consists of two sugars responsible for the color of the compound, giving a typical reddish-yellowish color to safran. Safranal is a monoterpenic aldehyde that is responsible for the characteristic aroma and odor of the saffron, and the bitter taste of the saffron is due to picrocrocin, which is the safranal glycoside. Saffron is a plant mostly used in Asia for digestion, inflammation and cerebral disorders. Positive anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of this plant have also been reported. This effect is due to safranal and crox. As a result of clinical trials, daily dosage of saffron extract used as a supplement in the treatment of depression is 30 mg. Satieral, another component of saffron, is effective in weight management. In the studies, it was observed that the effects of satieral improved mental condition, increased satiety feeling and decreased snack feeling. It is therefore argued that a combination of a balanced diet and satieral supplementation in weight loss programs may help achieve the target weight. However, studies on this issue are insufficient and more research is needed. Despite the recent information about properties of saffron, the mechanisms for reducing the feeling of snacking remain speculative. It is expected that the central and/or environmental factors involved in neuropharmacology will be clarified in order to explain this effect. The anti-cancer properties of saffron were also investigated and substantial results were obtained. However, researchers say that the dose used during treatment should be doctor-controlled to prevent food-drug interactions in chemotherapy. Apart from such health effects, saffron has many other therapeutic effects. There are positive impacts on the digestive, cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, genitalurinary and central nervous system. In addition to these, it has a role in radical scavenging, genetic protective properties, inhibition of cell proliferation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and antiinflammatory processes. Saffron is used as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against gastrointestinal system disorders. However, further clinical trials are required to confirm these effects.

KEYWORDS

Corresponding Author: BİRSEN YILMAZ, dytbirsen@gmail.com 1 ÖZEL SONDURAK ÜMRAN TIP MERKEZİ 2 ALANYA TOPLUM SAĞLIĞI MERKEZİ 3 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1262

Saffron, Crocus SatÄąvus L., health, crocin

1263

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1211

DETERMINATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING ON AVAILABLE ALTERNATIVES IN MEDICINAL NEEDS OF STUDENTS: CASE STUDY OF ATATÜRK UNIVERSITY 1

AHMET SEMIH UZUNDUMLU , MEHMET MUHAMMED SARI , ZEINAB MOKHTARİ, AYŞE SEZGIN

ABSTRACT From time immemorial, medicinal aromatic plants have been one of the important treatment methods. People of our time because of their medicinal needs or in order to protect themselves from diseases alongside with going to a doctor or taking medicine without seeing a doctor refer to using medicinal plants. Similar situation is observed in university students too. The aim of this paper is determining factors influencing our future, university students', preferring one method over the other two when they have health problems. To achieve this aim, 445 students from 15 faculties representing Atatürk University were interviewed. Tobit method was used for identifying factors influencing student's choise of one method. It is necessary to do works for informing young people according to the results, obtained from this study.

KEYWORDS Atatürk University, Students, Medical needs, Tobit

Corresponding Author: AHMET SEMİH UZUNDUMLU, asuzsemi@atauni.edu.tr 1 TARIM EKONOMİSİ

1264

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1213

CHAMOMİLE TEA; POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON HEALTH 1

HILAL BETÜL ALTINTAŞ , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , TESLIME ÖZGE YÖRÜSÜN , BÜŞRA 1 ATABİLEN

ABSTRACT Chamomile tea is often preferred by consumers for consumption in tea. It is stated that chamomile was used in various medical treatments by ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans for thousands of years. Chamomile is said to be used for various skin diseases such as acne, eczema, colds, sore throat, abscess, gum inflammation, anxiety and mild burns. However, there is very little work done to determine this effect of the chamomile. In some studies in rats, it has been determined that chamomile is anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. There are some studies showing that it is effective in reducing the symptoms of mild to moderate severe anxiety disorder. Chamomile spread from Egypt to Europe. German chamomile are most commonly used in tea, with varieties such as German and Roman chamomile. The German chamomile tea contains apigenin, a flavanoid known to be a mild sedative effect. Chamomile flowers contain a large number of therapeutically active compounds, mostly categorized according to their polarities. The most important bioactive components are flavonoids. Anti-inflammatory effect of German chamomile is used to increase immunity against cancer, gastritis, chronic intestinal diseases. It also determined the effects of anxiety disorders and increased sleep quality. Camellias combined with valerian are a traditional plant that has been used since ancient times in the treatment of insomnia and many health problems. The chamomile flower has tea, extract and various forms of ointment. Chamomile is generally known as antiinflammatory and emotional conditioner. Despite the calming effect of the calamus in studies, studies are needed to determine its effect on sleep quality.

KEYWORDS chamomile tea, health

Corresponding Author: HİLAL BETÜL ALTINTAŞ, hilalbetulaltintas@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1265

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1214

LAMB BREAST MUSHROOM 1

MUSTAFA DEMİRBAŞ , REFIK ULUSOY

ABSTRACT The Latin name is Morchella esculenta, a lamb breast mush egg-like hat with reddish yellow and irregular hollows. The lamb breast collected from the nature from the middle of spring is one of the most important fungus species exported in Turkey. It is a delicious mushroom species widely consumed in Turkey and in the world. It can be consumed fresh or dried. What kind of mantle is a jug? Lamb, which loves soils rich in nutritional components, grows in the openings of forests, on the sides of roads and water, in wildfires, under trees like maple, elm, hazelnut and beech. It is seen in the Aegean and Mediterranean regions, in the forested land, usually in the pine forests. The cause is not yet known but it is the most common type of fungus after forest fires. The growing season is between March and May. Morchella conica: It is a different breed with brown hats and regular cavities that are very similar to the lamb chest. In some regions, as a lamb breed, the genus is also the genus Morchella esculenta. Also known as lamb mushrooms, donut mushrooms. It grows in calcareous soil, in meadows and in bushes. It meets in April and May. How are lamb breasts grown? The fungi belonging to the genus Morchella belong to the mycorrhiza class. The ability of such fungi to survive depends on the presence of some trees and organic compounds. For this reason, despite the fact that they have been working on them for many years, the results of their cultural studies have not been successful. Culture studies of the lamb breast, which was first cultured in 1982, are carried out in order to increase the population of fungi in the natural environment today. BENEFITS - Kollestrole is good - Supports eye health - Supports thyroid health - Alleviate joint pain - Maintain side effects of drugs - Iron and phosphorus source -B and D are sources of Vitamin Supports liver health - Fights the cancer -He makes blood -The penalty is good Supports heart health

KEYWORDS Lamb breast mushroom

Corresponding Author: MUSTAFA DEMİRBAŞ, mustafademirbas@ogm.gov.tr 1 ORMAN GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1266

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1215

DRYING PROCESS IN MEDICINAL-AROMATIC PLANTS 1

RABIA SERPIL GÜNHAN , ASUMAN KAN

ABSTRACT DRYING PROCESS IN MEDICINAL-AROMATIC PLANTS Günhan, R. S.1, Kan, A.1 1 Selcuk University, Vocational Higher School of Technical Sciences, Food Processing Department 42070, Campus, Konya rsgunhan@selcuk.edu.tr Phone:+90 533 6366616 Medical - Aromatic plants (TAB) constitute the most important inputs of herbal medicines, plant chemicals, food and additives, cosmetics and perfumery. These plants need to be in the required quantity and quality so that sustainable production and market potential can be adequately evaluated. One of the important process steps for quality and standard product is drying process after harvest. Drying is the heat and mass transfer event involving the transfer of the water in the dried product from the interior of the product to the surface and the evaporation from the surface. Drying is done to preserve the enzymatic and microbial activities and to extend shelf life of the product. Drying is to reduce the moisture of the product without harming the product quality to the final moisture content as soon as possible by consuming the least energy. Drying can be done naturally and artificially. The methods and conditions used in drying directly affect the quality of the product and the content of the active substance. In aromatic plants, the drying temperature should be kept low to prevent the loss of essential oil. For quality drying, thick and large drugs should be cut into pieces, branch pieces should be selected. One of the major risks during the drying of drugs is the occurance of microbial activity, especially the formation of mycotoxin that is harmful to human health in the final product. In this context, the use of controlled drying systems is recommended. In addition, freeze drying is a recommended method for some drugs with low production volume and high economic value. As a result; The correct drying method should be selected and the correct drying conditions should be applied in order to have the product of the closest composition (phenolic compounds, volatile oils, resins, flavorings, colorants, vitamins, antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds etc.)to the fresh product after drying. Key words: Drying, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Preservation

KEYWORDS Drying, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Preservation

Corresponding Author: RABİA SERPİL GÜNHAN, rsgunhan@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1216

THE ROLE OF HAWTHORN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD 1

RABIA SERPIL GÜNHAN , SUZAN YALÇIN

ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF HAWTHORN IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD Günhan, R. S.1, Yalçın, S.2 1 Selcuk University, Vocational Higher School of Technical Sciences, Food Processing Department 42070, Campus, Konya 2 Selcuk University , Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Campus, Konya rsgunhan@selcuk.edu.tr Phone:+90 533 6366616 Hawthorn is an important Medicinal-Aromatic plant that attracts the attention of the scientific world. In developed countries, the production and consumption of functional food and beverage whose added-value are high are gradually increasing by using of fruits, leaves and flowers of hawthorn. With the investigations it has been found that hawthorn has many functional properties and has become one of the most popular herbal treatment tools. It is used in the treatment of disorders such as heart failure, vascular occlusion, angina, dysrhythmia, gastrointestinal disorders and hypertension. The hawthorn is rich in Vit C, sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose), organic acids (malic acid, citric acid, quinic acid), anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenols. Also hawthorn fruit contains high amounts of mineral matter. Over the world, hawthorn is used in the production of fresh fruit, dried fruit, juice, compote, marmalade, jam, crush, tea (fruit, leaf, flower), molasses, vinegar, sauce, powder of hawthorn; cakes, biscuits, confectionery and ice cream. It is stated that consuming hawthorn powder reduces significantly the level of low density lipoprotein in the body. The hawthorn vinegar contains a high amount of phenolic material and has high antioxidant capacity. Especially İt has a positive effect on cardiovascular patients. In addition, the hawthorn vinegar causes weight loss and reduces the blood pleasure, cholesterol, blood sugar, triglycerides. Dried leaves, flowers and fruits of the hawthorn are prepared like tea and it is used against throat inflammation, coughing, heart attack and arteriosclerosis. Finger hawthorn and soudjouk hawthorn are produced by compressing hawthorn pulp. Besides, candied apple produced by being dipped into hawthorn syrup or hawthorn fruit skewered by being dipped into thickened hawthorn syrup like the formed of hawthorn sweet is sold in markets. Hawthorn chocolate should not be forgotten. As a result; although hawthorn is naturally overgrown in our country, the value of it is not fully understood. Producing hawthorn plant which is a functional food in desired quality and quantity, providing continuity, evaluating the market potential is very important. In this regard, producers, consumers and enterprises should be informed adequately and the necessary benefits should be provided. Keywords: Hawthorn, Functional Food, Health

KEYWORDS Hawthorn, Functional Food, Health

Corresponding Author: RABİA SERPİL GÜNHAN, rsgunhan@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1268

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1217

COMPARISON OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITIONS OF FRESH AND DRIED PLANT OF SALVIA SCLAREA L. IN TURKEY 1

SÜLEYMAN DOĞU , YÜKSEL KAN , YAVUZ BAĞCI , SADIYE AYŞE ÇELİK , İREM AYRAN

ABSTRACT In this study, essential oil compositions of Salvia sclarea L. (dried and fresh aerial parts) collecting from natural habitat was investigated. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation for 3 h using Clevenger type apparatus and the compositions was determined in GC-MS. In this research, it was observed that the essential oil compositions varied with respect to be fresh or dry of the plant parts. The LSD test results revealed that the highest essential oil components were germacrene-D (46,62%), bicyclogermacrene (27,184%) and trans-β-caryophyllene (8,606%) in fresh aerial parts, while the highest components were germacrene-D (45,593%), bicyclogermacrene (19,741%) and αcopaene (3,997%) in dried part of the plant. Furthermore, some essential oil components were not found in the fresh aerial parts, while it was determined in dried parts of the plant. On the contrary, some components were observed in the fresh aerial parts, while it was not found in dried parts of the plant. The objective of the study was that the determination of the differences between the essential oil compounds and compositions varied according to be the plant fresh or dry.

KEYWORDS Essential oil, endemic, fresh parts, dried parts, Salvia sclarea

Corresponding Author: SÜLEYMAN DOĞU, suleymandogu@gmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ AHMET KELEŞOĞLU EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ BİYOLOJİ EĞİTİM 2 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ TARLA BİTKİLERİ 3 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ

1269

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1218

COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL CONTENT OF WILD AND CULTIVATED FORMS OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. 1

SÜLEYMAN DOĞU , YAVUZ BAĞCI , YÜKSEL KAN , SADIYE AYŞE ÇELİK

ABSTRACT In this study, essential oil compositions of the dried and fresh aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. collected from wild and cultivated in the research field was investigated. Essential oil was distilled by using Clevenger type apparatus for 3 h and the chemical compositions were detected in GC-MS. The oil yields of the collected and cultivated plant materials were observed to be 0.2 ml and 0,13; 0,1 ml and in amount tr in fresh and dried aerial parts, respectively. Drying of the material had negative effect on the oil yield both in the collected and cultivated plant materials. Besides essential oil yields, in this research the differences with respect to composition and components were detected between the cultivated and collected plants. On the other hand, in this study, it was determined that the essential oil compositions varied with respect to be fresh or dry of the plant parts. There were 9 and 63, 36 and 73 of essential oil components were observed in the fresh and dried parts of the collected and cultivated plant materials, respectively. It was observed that the major essential oil components were germacrene D, n-hexadecanoic acid, trans-caryophyllene, pulegone, 12-crown-4, 2.2-dimethyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethoxybiphenyl, carvacrol and para-menth-3-en-8-ol. The aim of the research to detect the differences between the essential oil compounds and compositions varied according to be the plant fresh or dry and wild or cultivated.

KEYWORDS Essential oil, Hypericum perforatum, oil yields, components

Corresponding Author: SÜLEYMAN DOĞU, suleymandogu@gmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ AHMET KELEŞOĞLU EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ BİYOLOJİ EĞİTİMİ 2 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ 3 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ TARLA BİTKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1219

THERAPEUTIC USAGE OF BLACK CUMIN (NIGELLA SATIVA) SEED AND OIL 1

DR. EMRE ÖZTOPRAK , DOÇ. DR. BURAK CEM SONER , PROF. DR. AYŞE SAİDE ŞAHİN

ABSTRACT Black cumin plant (Nigella sativa; kalonji, black caraway, schwarzkümmel) is a member of Ranunculaceae family that grows widely in many countries, especially in Middle East, Eastern Europe and Eastern Asia countries. However the chemical content of plants varies generally according to the harvest season of the plant, species and the cultivated climate; black cumin plants are generally grown in countries like Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, India, Turkey and Syria. There are many different species of the plant such as Nigella sativa L, Nigella damascena and Nigella arvensis. In particular, the seeds of Nigella sativa L. are widely used as folk medicines for traditional herbal treatment and spices. The parts used as drog are the seeds and oil that obtained from seeds. Black cumin seed is a rich source of carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, proteins and amino acids. Black cumin seed contains 16-20% protein, 33-34% carbohydrate, 0.4-0.7% essential oil and over 30% fixed oil. Analysis by high pressure liquid chromatography showed that there are 4 main active substances in Nigella sativa seed oil. These are thymoquinone, dithymoquinone, thymohydroquinone (nigellone) and thymol. Thymoquinone is 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-benzoquinone. Black cumin seed oil is also very rich in unsaturated fatty acids. While the linoleic acid constitutes the main part of the unsaturated fatty acids, the oleic acid constitutes the lesser part. Other unsaturated fatty acids are arachidonic acid and eicosadienoic acids. It has also saturated fatty acids such as palmitic, stearic and myristic acid. Because of the wide variety of substances in the composition of Nigella sativa and the different therapeutic effects of each other, Nigella sativa has many different pharmacological effects. Although more detailed informations are needed about its pharmacological effect mechanisms; black cumin seed and oil has antitumoral, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiallergic, antimicrobial, antiasthmatic, immunomodulator, antioxidant, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, radioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective, antihypertensive, antiepileptic, lactagogue and antihyperlipidemic effects. Nigella sativa seeds and oil have been used by ancient Egyptian and Greek physicians to improve headache, nasal congestion, toothache, diarrhea and also as an antihelmintic and lactagogue agent. They are used in Middle and Far East countries at traditional treatment in many diseases such as bronchial asthma, headache, dysentery, infection, obesity, back pain, hypertension and gastrointestinal problems. In addition their use in skin diseases such as eczema has been accepted all over the world. In Turkey, there is also a Nigella sativa seed oil agent which licensed according to the Ministry of Health Traditional Herbal Medicinal Product Regulation and received 3 indications. These indications are allergic rhinitis treatment, regulation of blood lipid levels and strengthening the immune system. Dosage in these indications are determined as 1800-3600 mg/day for adults and 4080 mg/kg/day for children. When its side effect profile is considered, no undesirable effects have been reported other than nausea, vomiting and diarrhea with unknown frequency. When all these Corresponding Author: PROF. DR. AYŞE SAİDE ŞAHİN, aysesaide@gmail.com 1 HELVACIZADE GIDA İLAÇ KİMYA SAN. TİC. A.Ş 2 KONYA NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ MERAM TIP FAKÜLTESİ TIBBİ FARMAKOLOJİ ABD

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informations are evaluated together, Nigella sativa seeds and oil are safe herbal agents which can be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of many diseases.

KEYWORDS Nigella sativa, therapeutic effects

1272

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1220

SOME TEA PLANTS TRADITIONALLY USED IN ELAZIĞ 1

UĞUR ÇAKILCIOĞLU , RIDVAN POLAT , EBRU YÜCE BABACAN

ABSTRACT This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the usage of plants used as tea by the local community in Elazığ and central villages. The study was conducted in April-September, 2015. Villages were visited in the region throughout the study. As a result of investigations being carried out in the region, 19 plants from 8 plant families being traditionally used were determined. The plants were scientifically named by using the Flora of Turkey. In the study, local names, localities of plants, as well as their parts being used as tea and other data were recorded and tabulated.

KEYWORDS Etnobotany, tea plants, traditional use, Elazığ

Corresponding Author: UĞUR ÇAKILCIOĞLU, ucakilcioglu@yahoo.com 1 MUNZUR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1273

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1221

SOME SPICE PLANTS TRADITIONALLY USED IN ELAZIĞ 1

UĞUR ÇAKILCIOĞLU , EBRU YÜCE BABACAN , MUSA DENIZHAN ULUSAN , RIDVAN POLAT

ABSTRACT Abstract This study was conducted for the purpose of determining the usage of plants used as spice by the local community in Elazığ and central villages. The study was conducted in AprilSeptember, 2015. Villages were visited in the region throughout the study. As a result of investigations being carried out in the region, 15 plants from 7 plant families being traditionally used were determined. The plants were scientifically named by using the Flora of Turkey. In the study, local names, localities of plants, as well as their parts being used as spice and other data were recorded and tabulated.

KEYWORDS Etnobotany, spice plants, traditional use, Elazığ

Corresponding Author: UĞUR ÇAKILCIOĞLU, ucakilcioglu@yahoo.com 1 MUNZUR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 BİNGÖL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1274

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1222

THE HERBAL DERIVED NATURAL ANTIMICROBIALS AYŞE AKAN

ABSTRACT In this study, the different studies about the components that has obtained from extracts of herbal and spices and essantial oils which has antimicrobial activities, the antimicrobial activities in food borne pathogens, the experiments to extend shelf lifes of food, has been researched. The food consumers started to show interest to natural compounds, so that the studies about natural compounds to increase shelf life anf quality of food has been increased. The herbal and spices has antimicrobial activities with the components as phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins etc. However, there can be different results when the studies was done on food. The antimicrobial activities of natural compounds could be increased, if several antimicrobial components are used together or by evaluating the factors likewise pH of food, storage conditions, process of production.

KEYWORDS Herbal, Essantial oil, Antimicrobial acitivity

Corresponding Author: AYŞE AKAN, ayseakan86@gmail.com 1 YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1275

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1223

THE ROLE OF SPICES IN THE TREATMENT OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI 1

MEHMET KEMAL , SEVGI KOLAYLI , ŞENGÜL ALPAY KARAOĞLU , NIMET BALTAŞ

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori, a gram negative pathogen bacterium, causes gastritis, reflux, ulceration in the stomach. This bacterium that colonizes in one out of every two individuals is quite resistant to antibiotics. Urease enzyme released by H. pylori converts urea into ammonia; thus, this bacterium survives in stomach inner wall thanks to formed ammonia which makes an alkaline environment. Therefore, inhibition effects of the bacterial urease are defined as an anti-bacterial activity. In this study was to be researched inhibition effect on the bacterial urease enzyme of some spices commonly used in human diet. For this purpose, inhibitory effects on the Helicobacter pylori urease of ethanolic extracts of spices such as thyme, clove, isot pepper, turmeric, mint, black sesame and cinnamon purchased from herbalist were investigated as a screening study. Enzyme inhibition was calculated with five different sample concentrations. It was found that all samples displayed inhibition effect at varying concentration on this enzyme and values of IC50, defined as sample amount that reduces enzyme activity by 50%, ranged from 0.96 (mg/ml) to 5.05 (mg/ml). As a result, the highest activity from thyme and isot pepper samples were ascertained. Therefore, our studies proceed about antibacterial activity with thyme and isot pepper extracts.

KEYWORDS Helicobacter pylori, urease, spices, antibacterial

Corresponding Author: MEHMET KEMAL, mhkemal@gmail.com 1 ARTVİN ÇORUH ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1225

THE USE OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE BY CANCER PATIENTS OUTPATIENT CHEMOTHERAPY UNIT IN USAK UNIVERSITY MEDICINE SCHOOL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL 2

TE D

AYŞE ÖZDEMIR , DUDU BAYRAKTAR DÖNDER

ABSTRACT

With hundred of thousands of plant species on earth, We are bestowed with an glorious richness of medicinal remedies from Earth- Mother. The Herbal Medicine (Phytotherapy) and Alternative Medicine have been most commonly used to treat diseases thousands of years in our country and in the world. The interaction of herbal product and cancer drugs are not exactly known. The treatment of cancer is an important treatment that needs to be interrupted. Most poeple especially cancer patients use herbal products as a cancer treatment. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in cancer patients in this study was conducted to examine the methods of use 100 cases at Outpatient Chemotherapy Unit in Usak University Medical School Education and Research Hospital(1 January 2017- 25 March 2017). Methodology: The the sample of the research of planned at identifier type consisted of 100 cancer patients treated at Outpatient Chemotherapy Unit in Usak University Medical School Education and Research Hospital (January 2017- March 2017). During the research process was used questionnaire personal information form and alternative treatment. Results: Only 23 of the 100 patients in the sample uses alternative treatment methods. While 20 patients use herbal treatment, 3 patients use acupuncture. 13 of the 23 patients is women, and 10 of their is male.77 patients are not using any alternative treatment methods . Most of the patients who use alternative treatment are women and have lung and breast cancer. Today reactions against the use of synthetic drugs due to their severe side effects raised the interest in herbal products. Although many cancer types can be almost fully cured in early stages with cancer treatment in modern medicine, especially complementary therapy plays an important role in cancer treatment.

KEYWORDS

Cancer, Phytotherapy, Alternative Medicine, Complementary Medicine

Corresponding Author: AYŞE ÖZDEMİR, ayse.ozdemir@usak.edu.tr 1 UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ / TIBBİ BİYOKİMYA ABD 2 UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK YÜKSEKOKULU/ HEMŞİRELİK

1277

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1227

DETERMINATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION AND INVESTIGATION OF THE PHENOLIC SUBSTANCE AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF “HELICHRYSUM STOECHAS” FROM HATAY 1

MAHIR TİMUR , İSMAIL AKÇA

ABSTRACT DETERMINATION OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION AND INVESTIGATION OF THE PHENOLIC SUBSTANCE AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF “HELICHRYSUM STOECHAS” FROM HATAY Mahir Timur*, İsmail Akça Mustafa Kemal University, Altınözü Vocational School, Department of Food Process, Hatay, Turkey *E-mail: mahirtimur@gmail.com People traditionally benefit from medical herbs to protect themselves from diseases. Antioxidants are the protective or inhibiting compounds that help to heal in medical plants. Antioxidants can prevent or reduce oxidative damage even at low concentrations(1). It has been pointed out that compounds such as polyphenolic substances, vitamins and enzymes, which are found in the structure of plants consumed as food, are directly related to the antioxidant effects of plants. This antioxidant effect can significantly prevent the damages caused by reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which cause oxidative stress. (2,3). Helichrysum Stoechas is an expectorant and is used in the treatment of colds. [4] In this study, it was aimed to determine the essential oil composition, phenolic substance and antioxidant activity of Helichrysum Stoechas, locally known as kudama, growing in the region of HATAY Antakya Castle. Helichrysum Stoechas' essential oil was obtained by using Clevenger apparatus and found to be 0.3% on dry matter. The essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography and the essential oil was found to be D-FENCHONE 0.77%, Caryophyllene 1.10%, 2-Naphthalenemethanol 2,3,4,4a, 5, 4.89%, benzene 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxy--5(2-propenyl) %34.69, Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-(2-propenyl) % 3.24 Myristicin % 23.35, Lauric acid % 1.17, Apiol %27.38, Myristic acid % 1.38. Methanol extract was obtained for phenolic substance and antioxidant capacity assay. The portion of the plant dissolved in methanol was found to be 15.3% on dry matter. The total phenolic substance concentration was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the total amount of phenolic substance in the methanol extract was calculated as 256 mg / g gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The free radical scavenging effect was determined according to the DPPH method and the results were compared with BHA and BHT. Plant extract; 94.28%, 94.49%, 92.16%, 67.80%, 34.11%, BHA; 91.13%, 90.67%, 89.61%, 86.01%, 78.60%, BHT; , 91.95%, 89.23%, 68.64%, 53.39% and 29.23% inhibition values, respectively. The DPPH removal activity of the standards and plant extract was found to decrease as plant extract> BHA> BHT. The effective antioxidant concentration EC50 values required for the 50% inhibition of the DPPH radical in the reaction medium were found to be BHA: 0.022, plant: 0.038 and BHT: 0.057 (μg / mL), respectively. The low EC50 value is indicative of the high radical scavenging activity. Total antioxidant activity was determined by beta-carotene linoleic acid method. Antioxidant activity values Corresponding Author: MAHİR TİMUR, mahirtimur@gmail.com 1 HATAY MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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were calculated as BHT: 73.33%, plant: 68.75% and BHA: 63.15%. Reductive Antioxidant Capacity was made according to CUPRAC Method (Güçlü et al., 2006). from the Trolox calibration curve CUPRAC activity TEACCUPRAC:71,65 μg / mL was found. It is obvious that the obtained result shows that Helichrysum stoechas has an effect close to the synthetic antioxidants BHT (Butylated Hydroxytoluene) and BHA (Butylated Hydroxanisole). Nowadays, as the tendency of natural treatment methods increases, the composition of medicinal and aromatic plants should be determined and their use efficiency will be increased according to active compounds. References: 1- VAYA J and AVİRAM M. 2001, Curr. Med. Chem. – Immun.,Endoc. & Metab. Agents, 1, 99-117. 2-SOONG YY, BARLOW PJ, 2004. Food Chemistry 88, 411–417 3-NAWAZ H, SHİ J, MİTTAL GS, KAKUDA Y, 2006, Separation and Purification Technology 48: 176–181, 4-Grieve A., 1984, Modern Herbal. Penguin ISBN 0-14-046-440-9 Not so modern (1930's) but lots of information, mainly temperate plants. 5-Güçlü, K., Altun, M., Özyürek, M., Karademir, S. E. and Apak, R. 2006. Food Science and Technology, 41: 76-85.

KEYWORDS medicinal and aromatic plants, essential oil, phenolic compounds, antioxidant effect

1279

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1229

NOVEL METHODS FOR QUALITY ANALYSIS OF ESSENTIAL OILS PRODUCED AS FOOD SUPPLEMENT 1

KADIR GÜRBÜZ GÜNER , H. MURAT VELIOĞLU

ABSTRACT Recent trends of natural diet and curing have provoked the use of herbal products and food supplements in the society. Therefore, essential oils that are produced and consumed as food supplement are of great interest to the consumers. Turkey has a great biodiversity in the meaning of aromatic plant cultivation and many of essential oil plants grow naturally. The use of essential oils in food, medicine and perfume industries has been increasing in recent years. In this context, the number of exported aromatic plant species has reached to almost 100 in Turkey which yield an income of USD 100 million annually. Nowadays, consumers are increasingly concerned about the quality and safety of food products. Hence, the origin and health effects of food constituents are being discussed in public media. Essential oils are more expensive than the other vegetable oils and that is why the determination of fraudulent malpractices is important in these products. The addition of cheaper oil in expensive one is very well known adulteration for essential oils which affects not only the consumers’ health but also causes an unfair profit. There is a need for rapid and economic analysis methods for determination of essential oil quality. Gas chromatography / mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) is still remain as a golden method. However, chromatographic methods are time consuming, costly and they need a specialist for the analysis which make them disadvantageous compared with spectrophotometric methods. Raman, Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FTIR) and near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopies have been gaining great interest during the recent years. As rapid and sensitive techniques, spectroscopic methods can give biochemical finger prints of the material. Additionally, these methods are suitable for applications which require green chemistry limitations. In the present paper, the novel spectroscopic methods in determination of quality of essential oils were summarized and exemplified using literature studies.

KEYWORDS Essential oil, quality, spectroscopy

Corresponding Author: KADİR GÜRBÜZ GÜNER, kguner@nku.edu.tr 1 NAMIK KEMAL UNİVERSİTY, DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGİNEERİNG 2 NAMIK KEMAL UNİVERSİTY

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Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1231

A DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE ON SAGE (SALVIA SP. ): ‘USAGE IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE’ 1

MERT ÇAKIR , ŞİRİN DÖNMEZ

ABSTRACT Turkey, with rich flora, reserves lots of medicinal and aromatic plants within its structure. The purpose of the plants with their therapeutic purpose is as old as history of humanity. Despite significant developments in medicine, today, the traditional usages of medicinal herbs are very important and are accepted as a scientific discipline. In the past centuries, medical and aromatic plants have been used in traditional house gardens for both ornamental and utility purposes. Today, medicinal and aromatic plants take place in parks and thematic garden designs and are very interesting. It is known that sage, which is widely used as a medicinal and aromatic plant, is close to 100 species naturally distributed in our country. Especially, because of their nice smells and flowers, they can be suitable for use in landscape areas. However, except for very special gardens, these plants are rarely used. Within the scope of this study, sage species which spread naturally in Turkey will be evaluated in terms of shape, form and flower characteristics and their use in plant design has been determined.

KEYWORDS Sage, plant design, landscape architecture

Corresponding Author: MERT ÇAKIR, pmmertcakir@gmail.com 1 SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1281

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1233

SCREENING OF ANTIOXIDANT, ACETYL- AND BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF ENDEMIC BUNIUM CRASSIFOLIUM BATT. GROWING IN ALGERIA 1

NABILA SOUILAH , ZAIN ULLAH , KUBRA ELİK , KAMEL MADJROUBI , SALAH AKKAL , MEHMET ÖZTÜRK

ABSTRACT Screening of Antioxidant, Acetyl- and Butyryl-Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Endemic Bunium crassifolium Batt. Growing in Algeria Nabila SOUILAH1, Zain ULLAH2, Kubra ELİK2, Kamel MADJROUBI1, Salah AKKAL1 and Mehmet ÖZTÜRK2 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Constantine 01, 25000, Constantine, Algeria 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Muğla Sitki Koçman University, Kötekli-48000, Muğla, Turkey zainullah@posta.mu.edu.tr The Bunium genus contains aromatic and medicinal plants such as Bunium crassifolium Batt. The Bunium genus contains aromatic and medicinal plants such as Bunium crassifolium Batt. This study evaluates the antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Bunium crassifolium, which is an extremely rare endemic species of the Bunium genus. The plant sample was collected at full flowering stage from Sérraïdi (Annaba), in the north eastern of Algeria in May 2015. The aerial part of the plant was dried under shadow and grinded (65 g), afterwards macerated in methanol (100 %) at constant stirring rate (200 rpm) for 24 hours, then filtered by Whatmn N01 filter paper and evaporated the solvents with rotary vacuum evaporator and named as B.C-100. For a 2nd extraction the grinded dried aerial parts of the plant (10 g), was macerated in boiling methanol and distilled water (70:30) followed by the same procedure and named as B.C-70. DPPH, ABTS, βcarotene-lineloic acid, acetyle- and butyryl cholinesterase activities were used to evaluate the antioxidant and enzymes inhibitory potential of the obtained extracts. The B.C-70 extract showed more potential against ABTS, β-carotene and butyryl choline esterase with an IC50; 12.69 ± 3.78, 68.15 ± 1.02 and 19.41 ± 0.41 µg/mL respectively. Against DPPH and acetyl cholinesterase BC-100 was more potential with an IC50: 49.83 ± 2.37 and 20.15 ± 2.71 µg/mL, respectively. Since Bunium crassifolium exhibited significant antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities, further studies by activity guided fractionation are necessary. Bunium crassifolium containing antioxidant and anticholinesterase compounds can be used in pharmaceutical and food industries. Acknowledgements: Authors are thankful to TUBITAK for financial supporting of Graduate Scholarship Programme for International Students TUBITAK-BIDEB-2215. Authors also thankful to the Chemistry departments of Constantine University and Mugla Sitki Kocman University for providing lab facilities. Keywords: Bunium crassifolium, Antioxidant activity, Anticholinesterase activity References Öztürk M, Tel G, Aydoğmuş-Öztürk F, Duru ME (2014). The cooking effect on two edible mushrooms in Anatolia: Fatty acid composition, total bioactive compounds, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Rec. Nat. Prod 8 (2), 189-194. Quezel P, et Santa S (1963). Nouvelle Flore de l’Algérie et des Régions Désertiques Méridionales. Edition du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris 7, Tome II. Corresponding Author: ZAİN ULLAH, zainullah@posta.mu.edu.tr 1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF EXACTE SCİENCES, UNİVERSİTY OF CONSTANTİNE 01, 25000 2 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF SCİENCES, MUĞLA SİTKİ KOÇMAN UNİVERSİTY, KÖTEKLİ48000, MUĞLA

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P: 1170. Vasilava MG, Klingkov EV, Pimenov MG (1985). Karyotaxonomic analysis of genus Bunium. Plant Systematics and Evol 149, 71- 88.

KEYWORDS Bunium crassifolium, Antioxidant activity, Anticholinesterase activity

1283

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1234

EFFECT OF THE ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY OF EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM LEAF 1

ELMAS ULUTAS , AZIZ BÜLBÜL , TUBA BÜLBÜL , MUSTAFA EVCİMEN , ÖMER YALINKILIC

ABSTRACT In this study, the antioxidant efficiency of poppy plant (papaver somniferum) were analysed with different methods. For this purpose, the extractions of the papaver plant that reached to 10-15 cm of length and was ground by drying were carried out by using ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate solvents. Afterwards, With Folin-Ciocalteu reagent the total phenolic compound, and with 1,1Diphenyl -2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical eliminating activity, superoxide radical eliminating activity and Beta-carotene bleaching method the antioxidant properties were identified. The results obtained were evaluated by comparing with ascorbic acid, butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) standard substances. It was specified that as gallic acid equivalent, the total phenolic substance amount changes between the ranges of 63,4 – 82,5 and is found to be maximum in the ethanol extract. It was seen that all the extracts show super oxide and DPPH radical elimination efficiency and at the same time the maximum efficiency is in the ethanol extract. Similarly, in the determination of antioxidant activity that was realized by using β-Carotene bleaching method, it was determined that all the extracts show antioxidant efficiency. As a result it was understood that although the papaver somniferum extracts are weak in terms of phenolic substance content, they show antioxidant efficiency and ethanol is the most suitable solvent for antioxidant efficiency

KEYWORDS Papaver somniferum, poppy, antioxidant activity, phenolic substance

Corresponding Author: ELMAS ULUTAS, eulutas@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKULTESİ 2 MEB, AFYON FEN LİSESİ

1284

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1238

DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT EFFICIENCY OF MYRTLE (MYRTUS COMMUNIS L.) ESSENTIAL OIL 1

ELMAS ULUTAS , AZIZ BÜLBÜL , TUBA BÜLBÜL

ABSTRACT In this study, it was aimed to identify the phenolic substance content and antioxidant property of Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) essential oil. With Folin-Ciocalteu reagent the total phenolic substance content and with 1,1- Diphenyl -2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical elimination, superoxide radical elimination activities and beta-carotene bleaching method, the antioxidant properties were identified. The results obtained were evaluated by comparing with ascorbic acid, butyl hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) standard substances. The density of myrtle essential oil obtained by hydro distillation method was specified as 0.897 g/ml. It was found that as gallic acid equivalent, the total phenolic substance amounts in the oil is 128,12 µg/ml; and by DPPH free radical and superoxide radical elimination activities the antioxidant efficiency was respectively found as 33,8% ; 43,4% and 38,9%. In conclusion, while there is phenolic substance at a moderate level in the myrtle essential oil (Myrtus communis L.), it was also identified that it has strong antioxidant efficiency.

KEYWORDS Mersin, (Myrtus communis L.), antioksidan etkinlik, fenolik madde

Corresponding Author: ELMAS ULUTAS, eulutas@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKULTESİ 2 MERSİN, (MYRTUS COMMUNİS L.), ANTİOKSİDAN ETKİNLİK, FENOLİK MADDE

1285

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1240

MUTAGENIC AND ANTIMUTAGENIC POTENTIAL OF SOME COMMERCIAL PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS (CATHECHIN, EPICATHECHIN, CAFFEIC ACID) 1

AHMET UYSAL , GÖKHAN ZENGIN , ERDOĞAN GÜNEŞ , MEHMET AKÖZ

ABSTRACT There are approximately 300,000 documented species of higher plants on the planet, which synthesize an enormous number of chemicals of diverse structure and class (more than 200,000 isolated and identified individual chemical entities). These compounds can be further divided into primary and secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are structurally and chemically much more diverse than the primary metabolites and refer to compounds present in specialized cells that are not directly essential for basic photosynthetic or respiratory metabolism but are thought to be required for plants’ survival in the environment. Secondary metabolites apparently act as defense (against herbivores, microbes, viruses, or competing plants) and signal compounds (to attract pollinating or seed dispersing animals), as well as protecting the plant from ultraviolet radiation and oxidants. In this study, catechin, epicatechin and caffeic acid obtained commercially and found in plants were evaluated for their potential of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities by Salmonella/microsome test system both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation enzymes (S9 mix). Chemicals were tested for their toxicity before and non-toxic doses (5000, 1000 and 500 µg/plate) of them were used in the test. Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains did not increase in the number of revertant colonies compared to the negative control when the bacteria were treated with three phenolic chemicals. In other words, catechin, epicatechin and caffeic acid were not found to be mutagenic for TA98 and TA100 strains in Ames test. Because of the compounds were not mutagenic, antimutagenicity of phenolics were determined. It was determined that catechin and epicatechin revealed strong antimutagenicty against 4-nitrophenylendiamine in the absence of S9 mix for TA98 at doses of 5000, 1000 and 500µg/plate (for catechin 69%, 73%, 49% inhibition; for epicatechin 68%, 56%, 53% inhibition, respectively). Caffeic acid manifested moderate antimutagenicity with rates of 36% and 33% inhibition at doses of 5000 and 1000 µg/plate. By the addition of S9 mix antimutagenic actions of the compounds decreased and showed weak antimutagenicity against 2-aminoflourene except for 5000µg/plate dose of catechin and epicatechin for TA98. Only epicatechin exhibited strong antimutagenicity against sodium azide with a rate of 46% at a concentration of 5000µg/plate for TA100 without S9 mix. The strongest antimutagenicity (88%) was revealed by catechin in the presence of metabolic activation enzymes for TA100 at a dose of 5000µg/plate. Also epicatechin and caffeic acid manifested strong antimutagenicity against 2-amino anthracene at the same dose with rates of 67% and 46% inhibiton, respectively. It was concluded that catechin, epicatechin and caffeic acid, plant secondary metabolites, have moderate to strong antimutagenic action against well-known mutagens. Plant including this phenolics may be the natural source of antimutagens and used in pharmaceutical industry.

Corresponding Author: AHMET UYSAL, ahuysal@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1286

KEYWORDS Phenolics, antimutagenicity, epicatechin, catechin, caffeic acid

1287

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1241

EFFECTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM PEEL POWDER ON HUMORAL IMMUNITY OF LAYER HENS* 1

UÇKUN SAIT UÇAN , TAHIR BALEVİ , ZAFER SAYIN , ASLI SAKMANOĞLU

ABSTRACT Effects of Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) peel added to layers’ rations with 1.5 % ratio on humoral immunity were investigated. A number of 24 Hy-line layer were used. Trial was caried out in Hümeyra Özgen Research and Application Farm, Veterinary Faculty of Selçuk. Some amount of fresh Punica Granatum was supplied by local market, peeled, dried in oven and then powdered by means of grinder. Except one of the control, the others were fed on ratios supplemented with 1.5% powder of Punica Granatum peel. The vaccine groups were administered by La Sota strain through drinking water at the beginning of the study against New Castle Diseases (ND) virus. Humoral immune response to ND virus were measured at d 30 and d 60 from serum samples by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. In the trial, supplementation of ration with 1.5% powder of Punica Granatum peel suppressed the specific humoral response against ND virus (P<0.01). To detect effects of this supplement in lower quantities are subject of future work . *The results discussed by this presentation is a part of the research (15401148) supported by BAP (Selçuk Üniversitesi).

KEYWORDS Laying hens, Punica granatum, humoral immunity

Corresponding Author: UÇKUN SAİT UÇAN, usucan@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, MİKROBİYOLOJİ AD, KONYA. 2 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ, HAYVAN BESLEME AD, 42250, KONYA,

1288

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1242

THE EFFECT OF CAPSAICIN ON HEALTH 1

İPEK KARADUMAN , RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU , CEMAL KASNAK

ABSTRACT Red pepper bitter (Capsicum annuum) is cultivated for 7000 years in various parts of the world such as South Asian countries and South-East Anatolia region of South America, and belongs to the Solanaceae family and it is used as seasoning and sauce in foods due to its sharp and bitter flavor. Red Pepper has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases for a long time and used since ancient times to give flavor to food. Bitterness of capsicum fruits are due to their capsaicin content. Red pepper contains essential oil, fixed oil and pigments while fruits vitamin C content is rich in green. Pepper is also an important vegetable in terms of human health. It has been reported that capsaicin alkaloid is an important antioxidant against cancer diseases which gives bitter and spicy taste in hot pepper. It is stated that the hot pepper is good for digestion, appetizing, muscle pain and rheumatism, nervous system, red eye disease and seasickness. These effects are generally thought to originate from bitterness components. Briefly, it is investigated that the capsaicin has anticancerogenic, antilipemic, antioxidant, energy balance, anti-dyspeptic, anti-bacterial, immunsupressive effect. The purpose of this work is to compile studies on these properties of the capsaicin.

KEYWORDS Anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, capsaicin, Capsicum annuum, pepper

Corresponding Author: RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU, rpalamutoglu@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1289

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1243

APHID (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) SPECIES DETERMINED ON SOME MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS WITH NEW HOST PLANTS FOR TURKEY 1

N. ZÜLAL ELEKCİOĞLU , IŞIL ÖZDEMİR

ABSTRACT The aphids are fed by sucking the sap of host plants. Due to loss of juice, they cause wilting and drying out of young shoots and leaves. By preventing fruit growth, important crop losses occurs. They cause the spread of various plant diseases by carrying and infecting viruses. This study was carried out in 2015-2016 to determine the aphid species found on some medicinal and aromatic plants in Adana (Sarıçam, Karaisalı provinces). In the study, 26 plant species were examined and a total of 24 aphid species belonging to 4 subfamily and 18 genus were identified. Cynara scolymus L., Mentha piperita L., Achillea asplenifolia L., Linum usitatissimum L., Thymus serpyllum L., Origanum majorana L., Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth., Dracocephalum moldavica L., Melissa officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Salvia fruticosa Mill., Origanum onites L., Origanum vulgare L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Coriandrum sativum L., Calendula officinalis L., Digitalis purpurea L., Origanum syriacum var. bevanii, Echinacea purpurea (L.), Rosa damascena Miller, Kitaibelia balansae Boiss., Pelargonium graveolens L., Artemisia annua L. and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. are determined as the new hosts in Turkey for the aphid species which they have been detected on.

KEYWORDS Medicinal plant, aromatic plant, aphid, new host

Corresponding Author: N. ZÜLAL ELEKCİOĞLU, nelekcioglu@cu.edu.tr 1 ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, KARAİSALI MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU 2 ZİRAİ MÜCADELE MERKEZ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1290

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1244

CHERRY LAUREL 1

SÜMEYYE ŞİMŞEK , RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU , CEMAL KASNAK

ABSTRACT Free radicals cause serious problems such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's disease, aging. Antioxidants react with free radicals, making them ineffective and preventing them from harming the cells. Thus, deterioration of cell structure and cancer formation risk reduces. As they reduce cell destruction, they delay aging and provide a healthy lifestyle. While antioxidants neutralize free radicals, there is a constant need for antioxidants in the body because they will be oxidized. Some of the need can be met by dietary nutrients. Antioxidants can be obtained either synthetically from outside or naturally from fruits and vegetables. Especially the amount of antioxidants in fruits and vegetables that are consumed raw is quite high. With the increasing importance of healthy nutrition, there is an important trend in our country for herbal medicines and organic fruit and vegetable market. The different species of cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) that grows widely in our country in the east of the Black Sea, Toros, North and East Marmara are grown in different parts of the world. Cherry laurel leaf, fruit and kernel are used in different forms. In particular, the fruit is consumed raw, but also the dried, salted forms, marmelade, jam and pickles are often consumed by local people. Fruit is used among people because of eczema, stomach ulcer, treatment of digestive system problems. In this study, it is aimed to compile the health effects of the cherry laurel fruit.

KEYWORDS Anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, cherry laurel, health

Corresponding Author: RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU, rpalamutoglu@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1291

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1246

CAPSAICIN AND ITS EFFECTS ON APPETITE 1

MERVE PEHLİVAN , NILÜFER ACAR TEK , GAMZE AKBULUT , DUYGU AĞAGÜNDÜZ

ABSTRACT Capsaicin, which gives chili peppers their hot and pungent taste, is an alkaloid found in the genus Capsicum. Capsaicin is a naturally occurring phytochemical, which is an odorless, white crystal with harsh flaring pungency. Even a solution with 1 in 17,000,000 concentration causes pain in humans. Its effects on the human body have been studied for over a century. This compilation aims to study the effects of capsaicin on appetite. It is widely accepted that the main mechanism of action for capsaicin is through the activation of the TRPV1 receptor (Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1) on sensory afferents. Transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 stimulation in intestinal enteroendocrine cells with capsaicin causes the calcium dependent secretion of glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1), which facilitates sensation of fullness. Although the exact mechanism is still not clear, it is reported that capsaicin affects appetite by increasing the concentration of anorexigenic hormone GLP-1and decreasing the concentration of orexigenic hormone ghrelin. In a study by Smeet et al. on 30 individuals in the Netherlands, the subjects were randomly divided into two groups. One group (CAPS) received capsaicin (1.03 g red pepper; 80 000 SHU) and the other was the control group. While lunch content for both groups was the same (60% of energy from carbohydrates, 10% from proteins and 30% from fat), the CAPS group also received a capsaicin tablet with their lunch. Fifteen minutes after lunch, GLP-1 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the CAPS group, while ghrelin showed a tendency to decrease (p=0.07). In another study by Smeet et al. on 24 individuals, daily consumption of 2 red peppers containing 1030 mg of capsaicin increased sensation of fullness. In a study by Janssens et al. on 15 individuals, subjects consumed 1,03 g of red pepper (2,56 mg capsaicin, 39.050 SHU) at each meal. These subjects consumed 7,68 mg/day of capsaicin in total over three meals. Capsaicin consumption was shown to increase sensation of fullness and to inhibit the urge to overeat. In summary; although the daily dosage and method of consumption of red pepper and capsaicin differ in studies, it is evident that red pepper and capsaicin consumption suppresses appetite and increases sensation of fullness. However, due to the variations mentioned above, daily dosage of red pepper and capsaicin required to affect appetite is not exactly clear. Further experimental study is required to precisely declare the effects and dosage of red pepper and capsaicin.

KEYWORDS Capsaicin, TRPV1, appetite, fullness, GLP-1

Corresponding Author: MERVE PEHLİVAN, pehlivan.merve@hotmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1292

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1247

NATURAL SWEETENER STEVİA 1

BEYZA MORAL , RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU , CEMAL KASNAK

ABSTRACT One of the most fundamental objectives of the food industry is to guide the work aimed to the changing consumer needs. In recent years consumers have turned to sweeteners because of the expression that the negative effects of sugar on health in our country and in the world. Today, there are many sweeteners that are used instead of sugar. Stevia rebaudiana is a natural sweetener, belongs to the family of the Asteraceae (Compositae) and the motherland of the plant is Paraguay, and the Amami mountains on the border of Brazil. The plant used in the treatment of diabetes for a long time in South America. It has been reported that the plant contains diterpens which are the secondary metabolites that give the sweet taste. The main sweetening compounds are stevioside and Rebaudioside A. Other sweet compounds are present in Stevia at low concentrations. It has been found that stevia is more sweet 250-300 times than sucrose, and dont gives metallic taste in the mouth. Different products produced for consumers such as powder, liquid and dried forms of Stevia rebaudiana.Studies showed that extracts fronm dry stevia leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, water soluble chlorophyll and xanthophylls, hydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic, chlorogenic, etc.), neutral water soluble oligosaccharides, free sugars, amino acids, lipids, essential oils and trace elements (aluminum, iron, zinc, etc.). It is believed that Stevia has positive effects on diabetes, high blood pressure, constipation, depression and nervous disorders, and the stomach and intestinal flora preserve the acid alkali balance. It does not contain calories so its use has been the mainstay of dietary treatment in recent times. It has been reported that Stevia leaves used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as well as plaque relief, anti-caries, pain relief. It has been stated that it is used as a garnet for the antibacterial effect by the people, participates in the combination of toothpastes, is used in eczema and acne treatment, is a calcium antagonist and has a positive effect on the nervous system. The aim of this study is to compile studies on the health effects of Stevia plant.

KEYWORDS Stevia rebaudiana, sweetener, natural, diabetes

Corresponding Author: RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU, rpalamutoglu@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1293

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1248

HERBAL THERAPIES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENS 1

FERAY GENÇER , HILAL YILDIRAN , MAKBULE GEZMEN-KARADAĞ

ABSTRACT End stage renal disease is characterized by gradual deterioration of kidney function and is often associated with a wide range of complications, such as hypertension, anemia, malnutrition, and decreased quality of life. Hemodialysis is the primary treatment for patients with end stage renal disease, designed to replace kidney function, and it is the most extensively used technique worldwide. The increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease demands more effective treatment approaches. Herbal therapies, are extremely popular worldwide and have been important among hemodialysis patients from medical, sociological and economic perspectives. Herbal therapies may provide new therapeutic opportunities for hemodialysis patients with the target of enhancing quality of life and improving symptoms. There is increasing evidence that shows the potential benefits of these products for patients with chronic kidney disease. Some studies have shown the beneficial potential of these products in hemodialysis patients suffering complications such as muscle cramps, pruritus, and inflammation. It is considered that herbal therapies are an option to decrease health problems of hemodialysis patients, such as gastrointestinal, psychiatric and neurologic semptoms. Turmeric, garlic, linden, asparagus, parsley and stinging nettle are mainly used herbal products because of antiinflammatory, antioxidant and diuretic effects. Astragalus is another plant that is used in many countries and has been used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine in combination with other herbs. Astragalus has been used as a dietary supplement for many conditions, including for diarrhea, fatigue, anorexia, upper respiratory infections, heart disease, hepatitis, fibromyalgia, and cancer. There are no high quality studies in people of astragalus for any health conditions. It suggested that astragalus may help infections for patients with health problems related to kidney damage are susceptible to infections. Pomegranate and pomegranate juice are another products used in this patient group because it is thought to improve inflammation. The use of herbal medicine in hemodialysis patients seems to have more risk susceptibility in comparison with that in the general population. It is mainly due to their loss of kidney function as the most important toxin excretion system, leading to accumulation of toxic material of herbal remedies. Volume overload and hyperkalemia are the other important considerations of herbal therapies in these patients. Oral herbal medication has certain limitations, such as the occurrence of side effects and potential herb-drug interactions. Multiple treatment approach incorporating herbal medicine may offer more benefit to patients. However studies on herbal therapy for starting multiple treatment are still inadequate.

KEYWORDS Hemodialysis, chronic kidney disease, herbal therapy

Corresponding Author: FERAY GENÇER, gencerferay@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1294

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1249

ESSENTIAL OIL AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF CENTAUREA SOLSTITIALIS SSP. SOLSTITIALIS 1

BURCU SÜMER TÜZÜN , TUBA GÖNENÇ , PELİN TAŞTAN , TUĞÇE FAFAL , BETÜL DEMİRCİ , BİJEN KIVÇAK

ABSTRACT Centaurea is a widespread genus from Asteraceae family in Turkey(1). There are plenty of researches about fatty acid and essential oil profiles of Centaurea species(2,3). Essential oils were obtained using a Clevenger apparatus by hydrodistillation from Herba part of the plant. The essential oil composition of the plant was identified by GC-MS using FID detector. 31 compounds representing 91.5% were identified. Hexadecanoic acid (50.2%) and tetradecanoic acid(10.1%) were found to be the major compounds. For fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were prepared. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GC. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were totally 25.05%, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were 19.60% and polyunsaturated fatty acids were 19.86%. The major compounds were found as oleic acid (18.54%), linoleic acid (10.07%), palmitic acid (8.28%), stearic acid (6.82%) and ℽ - linoleic acid (6.75%). 1. Davis PH. Flora of Turkey. Edinburgh; 1975. p. 484–585. 2. Senatore F, Arnold NA, Bruno M. Volatile components of Centaurea eryngiodes Lam. and Centaurea iberica Trev.var. hermonis Bois. Lam., two Asteraceae growing wild in Lebanon. Nat Prod Res. 2005;19(8):749–54. 3. Erdogan T, Gonenc T, Cakilcioglu U, Kivcak B. Fatty Acid Composition of the Aerial Parts of Some Centaurea species in Elazig, Turkey. Trop J Pharm Res. 2014 May 28;13(4):613.

KEYWORDS Centaurea; essential oil; fatty acid

Corresponding Author: BURCU SÜMER TÜZÜN, burcusmer@gmail.com 1 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1295

Poster Session 9 Submission ID: 1250

COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND FATTY ACID OF CENTAUREA PICHLERI SSP. PICHLERI 1

PELIN TAŞTAN , TUĞÇE FAFAL , BURCU SÜMER TÜZÜN , TUBA GÖNENÇ , BETÜL DEMİRCİ , BIJEN KIVÇAK

ABSTRACT In Asteraceae family Centaurea genus is represented with 192 taxa in Turkey, 114 of which are endemic. Many species of the genus Centaurea have traditionally been used for their antirheumatic, diuretic, choleretic, stomachic, astringent, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antipyretic and tonic properties. The essential oil compositions of some Centaurea species from Turkey have been investigated. Generally, germacrene D, hexadecanoic acid, caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide were reported to be the major volatile components in the earlier studies. In Centaurea genus, Centaurea pichleri ssp. pichleri is known as “gelin düğmesi, peygamber çiçeği” in Turkey. In this study, the essential oil of Centaurea pichleri ssp. pichleri was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevengertype apparatus. The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS system. The components were seperated as for adherencing to column and evaluated as for relative rate. Mass spectrums of each component were taken. GC and GC/MS analyses of the essential oil from Centaurea pichleri ssp. pichleri were determined the identification of 48 components representing 86.9 % of the oil. With this analysies, the major component was found as hexadecanoic acid (31.4 %). Subsequent to this component, other major components were caryophyllene oxide (6.4 %), spathulenol (6.2 %) and dodecanoic acid (4.5 %). In addition to this, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from Centaurea pichleri ssp. pichleri were prepared for analysies of fatty acids. By this test the amount of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was found as 47.79 % with major fatty acid was stearic acid (18.64 %). The amount of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was found as 16.88 % with major fatty acid was oleic acid (14.20 %). The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found as 21.29 % with major fatty acid was linoleic acid (15.20 %). The results from this work were compared with the previous works in terms of essential oils and fatty acids. References 1. P.H. Davis, R.R. Mill and K. Tan (1988). In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, ed: P.H.Davis, Edinburh University Press, Edinburgh, Vol.10, pp.489-501 2. A. Güner, N. Özhatay, T. Ekim and K.H.C. Başer (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Vol.11, pp.163. 3. G. Wagenitz (1975). Centaurea L. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, ed: P.H. Davis, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Vol.5, pp.536. 4. T. Baytop (1999). Türkiye’ de Bitkilerle Tedavi (Geçmişte ve Bugün), Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, pp. 316. 5. E. Yeşilada, E. Sezik, G. Honda, Y. Takaishi,Y. Takeda and T. Tanaka (1999). Traditional medicine in Turkey. IX: Folk medicine in Northwest Anatolia. J. Ethnopharmacol. 64, 195-210. 6. G. Zengin, A. Aktumsek, G.O. Guler, Y.S. Cakmak and Y. Kan (2012). Composition of essential oil and antioxidant capacity of Centaurea drabifolia subsp. detonsa Wagenitz, endemic to Turkey. Nat. Prod. Res. 26 (1), 1-10. 7. S.B. Erel, B. Demirci, S. Demir, C. Karaalp, K.H.C. Baser (2013). Composition of the essential oils of Centaurea aphrodisea, C. polyclada, C. athoa, C. hyalolepis, C. iberica. J.Essent. Oil Res. 25 (2), 79-84. 10. A. Altintas, Y.B. Corresponding Author: PELİN TAŞTAN, pelintastan35@gmail.com 1 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ANADOLU ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Kose, A. Kandemir, B. Demirci and K.H.C. Baser (2009). Composition of the essential oil of Centaurea saligna. Chem. Nat. Comp. 45, 276-277.

KEYWORDS Centaurea pichleri ssp. pichleri; essential oil; GC; GC/MS; fatty acid.

1297

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 686

P-CYMENE PRODUCTION FROM ORANGE PEEL ESSENTIAL OIL ON DIFFERENT CATALYSTS IN THE SUPERCRITICAL ETHANOL 1

TE D

EMRE YILMAZOĞLU , MESUT AKGÜN

ABSTRACT

Orange is the most produced type of citrus fruits. Global orange production exceeded 64.9 million tons in 2010/2011 season. The large part of the product is used as fruit or juice. On the other hand, peel essential oil which is a by-product of the juice production is used in various fields like food, cleaning, cosmetic and pharmacy directly or indirectly. Essential oil content is 1.45±0.16 ml per kg of raw orange peel. 90-95% of the oil consists of limonene that can be transformed into different compounds. In our study, it was worked that processing of orange peel oil which had been produced by cold pressure technique. Catalytic reactions of limonene carried out in a packed bed reactor using Pt/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts in over supercritical conditions of ethanol that its critical point is ~241°C and ~62 bar. The effects of temperature, pressure and retention time on yield were investigated for each catalyst used. Isobaric pressure of experiments for temperature and retention time scanning was selected as 65 bar. All in all, Ni/Al2O3 was ineffective but Pd/Al2O3 was the most effective catalyst for conversion of limonene. In the Pt/Al2O3 used experiments, it was seen that 10 s retention time was not enough for difference of composition in the oil. In addition to that limonene transformation occurred over the 280°C, limonene ratio in the product decreased to 50% and 20% as the temperature was 340°C in the retention times of 30 s and 50 s, respectively. p-Cymene that was 0.02% in the raw material, came to nearly 40% at 340°C in the 50 s retention time. Thus, p-cymene was the main component at the last point. Owing to Pd/Al2O3, it was achieved that conversion of limonene was up to 100% in very short times. p-Cymene ratios were above the 80% at 340°C in the all retention times. It was detected that there was a special point for composition of the product in the midst of 280°C and 300°C. Consequently, thanks to this catalyst, p-cymene was gained as the most quickly and the most selectively in nearly all conditions studied. Points to consider about choosing the temperature and the retention time for the process are very important with regards to being suitable for purposes of using. Physical and chemical structures of the oil spoiled at the high temperatures. On the other hand, limonene conversion was not adequate at the short retention times. While it was studied at 80 bar in the conditions of 300°C and 50 s, it was found that conversion of limonene has a peak value with Pt/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts. In the end of reactions on Pt/Al2O3 at that pressure, limonene ratio was 33% and p-cymene ratio was half of it. However Pd/Al2O3 was more effective and selective than Pt/Al2O3. Thus, limonene hardly ever was found in the product at the same conditions when pcymene ratio was 80%. KEYWORDS Orange peel oil, Supercritical ethanol, Limonene, Pt/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3, Pd/Al2O3 Corresponding Author: EMRE YILMAZOĞLU, emre.yilmazoglu@istanbul.edu.tr 1 İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1298

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 755

THE USE OF THYME AND PEPPERMINT (MENTHA PIPERITA) OF THE LAMIACEA FAMILY, WHICH ARE OFTEN USED IN FOLK MEDICINE, AS DYE SUBSTANCES IN WOOLLEN TEXTILE PRODUCTS 1

HÜLYA KAYNAR , ASLIHAN GÜRBÜZER , ESRA UÇAR , NAZIRE GÜLŞAH KÜTÜK

ABSTRACT All animals, plants and people live within a certain balance in nature. According to archaeological findings from ancient times, people have always used plants, not only as food but also in the treatment of health problems and for the dyeing of textiles. Due to the current intense use of synthetic dyes, the use of natural dyes has become secondary. However, the importance of natural dyes has increased with the emergence of the negative effects of synthetic dyes on human health. In this study, an examination was made of the dye properties and colour and friction fastness values of mint (Mentha piperita) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) plants. According to the data obtained, the colours obtained as a result of the use of acetic acid, copper II sulphate, zinc chloride, iron II sulphate, potassium aluminium sulphate, potassium bi chromate, citric acid and tartaric acid mordants for thyme and mint plants were determined to be olive green, black olive, cumin, coffee bean, kiwi peel, white coffee, dark chocolate and cooked apple. The highest colour fastness values for mint were determined as copper II sulphate (7), iron II sulphate (7), and potassium bi chromate (7) mordants. The highest friction fastness value was obtained from iron II sulphate (5) mordants. The highest colour fastness value for thyme was obtained from iron II sulphate (7) mordants and the highest friction fastness value from iron II sulphate (5) mordants.

KEYWORDS Thyme, Peppermint, Light fastness value, Friction fastness value, Mordan

Corresponding Author: ASLIHAN GÜRBÜZER, aslihan405@hotmail.com 1 CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1299

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 756

THE COLOURS AND FASTNESS VALUES OBTAINED FROM BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM) AND LEMON BALM (MELISSA OFFICINALIS) PLANTS OF THE LAMICIACAE FAMILY 1

HÜLYA KAYNAR , NAZIRE GÜLŞAH KÜTÜK , ESRA UÇAR , ASLIHAN GÜRBÜZER

ABSTRACT Until the invention of synthetic dye substances, natural dyes, most of which have medicinal and aromatic properties, were used for the purpose of dyeing in industries such as textiles, food, medicine and cosmetics. With the introduction of synthetic dyes, their use increased and the demand for natural dyes decreased. However, as a consequence of studies made, the carcinogenic properties of synthetic dyes were revealed and that they could create serious prolems for human health. Therefore, plant dyes that do not have negative effects on humans and other living organisms have come to the fore again. Most plants which are known to have medicinal and aromatic properties also have a dye property. In this study, an examination was made of the dye properties and colour and friction fastness values of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) plants. According to the data obtained, dyeing made with basil (Ocimum basilicum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) with acetic acid, copper II sulphate, zinc chloride, iron II sulphate, potassium aluminium sulphate, potassium bi chromate, citric acid and tartaric acid mordants gave colours of boiled chickpeas, allspice, coffee bean, olive green, light green, arabic green, and potato peel. The highest colour fastness values for basil were seen to be obtained with copper II sulphate, iron II sulphate, potassium bi chromate and citric acid mordants. The highest friction fastness values were obtained with copper II sulphate, potassium aluminium sulphate and citric acid mordants. For the lemon balm, the highest colour fastness values were obtained with all the mordants and the highest friction fastness values with acetic acid and citric acid mordants.

KEYWORDS Basil ,Lemon Balm, Light fastness value, Friction fastness value

Corresponding Author: NAZİRE GÜLŞAH KÜTÜK, gulsah-kutuk@windowslive.com 1 CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1300

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 765

PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES OF MADIMAK TEA (POLYGONUM COGNATUM MEISSN) 1

EMRE HASTAOĞLU , MERYEM GÖKSEL SARAÇ , BURAK DİNÇEL

ABSTRACT The production of medicinal and aromatic plants in the world and our country and the consumption of the products obtained from these plants are increasing day by day. Medicinal and aromatic plants are widely used in food industry, too. The main reason for these plants to be consumed directly as food products is that these plants have antioxidant, antimicrobial properties. One of these product groups is herbal teas used in immunotherapy or treatment of diseases due to factors that have been in existence since prehistoric times. It is known that plants selected as medicinal herb tea generally have high anticancer and antiaging properties in addition to their antioxidant activities. Madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn) belongs to Polygonaceae family and is widely grown in the inner Anatolia region. In middle Anatolia, it is collected from the nature and consumed as the basic nutrient. Madimak plant is rich in antioxidants, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The polar and apolar antioxidant compounds found in ether, ethanol and water extracts have shown that madimak is a potential antioxidant source. Among these samples, water extracts were found to have the highest antioxidant activity. At the same time, it has been found that it is also effective against to Gram positive bacteria. Especially, ether and ethanol extracts were found to be effective on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. In studies conducted on mice with colitis patients, the madimak plant extract has the effects of reducing regulatory and oxidative stress in the intestinal colon. Madımak tea can be used as an alternative to herbal teas. In this context; it is important to cultivate the madimak plant and to produce madimak tea to protect both the cultural richness and to create the regional market.

KEYWORDS madimak (Polygonum cognatum Meissn), antioxidant, antimicrobial, drying, herbal tea

Corresponding Author: BURAK DİNÇEL, burakdincel@cumhuriyet.edu.tr 1 CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1301

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1251

MACRO, TRACE AND TOXIC ELEMENTS OF 4 DIFFERENT EDIBLE WILD PLANTS FROM KARADENIZ REGION 1

ATILLA ŞIMŞEK , AYLIN ŞIMŞEK , MELIKE DEMIRKOL , EMRE TURAN

ABSTRACT The study was conducted to assess the content (mg kg-1 fresh wt.) of macro, trace and toxic elements in the 4 different edible wild plants. The percentage of dry matter and ash ranged from 6.77 to 20.56 and 0.79 to 2.26, respectively. The contents of Ca (1074), Fe (160.5), Mn (18.21), Ni (6.11), B (2.61), Cr (0.93), Co (0.50), Mo (1.80), Be (0.009) and Se (0.076) of U. diocia were richer than in other plants. Other hand, K (7742), Mg (954), Al (10.79), V (9.77) and Ag (0.109) in T. orientalis, Zn (12.47), Cu (9.98) and Ba (130.3) in O. umbellatum were taken the highest value. Also As, Hg, Tl, Cd and Pb were determined mg kg-1 level in fresh plants. Conversely, antimony (Sb) in wild plants could not be detected by ICP-MS. The results of statistic analysis of forty plants showed that moisture, total dry matter, ash, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ba, Ni, Al, V, B, Cr, Co, Mo, Be, Se, Ag, As, Tl, Cd and Pb contents were varied significantly compared to plant species except for Na and Hg (P<0.05). Consequently, wild plants may be used as popular vegetables in many people diet as a source of minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Mo, K, Zn and Mg). Excessive plant consumption may be adversely affected human health with Cd, As, Hg, Tl and Pb.

KEYWORDS Edible wild plants, Macro-Microelements, Toxic elements, ICP, Traditional foods

Corresponding Author: ATİLLA ŞİMŞEK, atillasimsek62@yahoo.com 1 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ORDU İL GIDA TARIM VE HAYVANCILIK MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1302

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1252

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GILABURU 1

AYŞE FİDAN , RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU , CEMAL KASNAK

ABSTRACT Plants are used for therapeutic purposes since very ancient times. In our country, some plants are referred as medicinal herbs among the people, also used in the treatment of many diseases. Viburnum opulus (gilaburu) belongs to Caprifoliaceae family. The stem, bark and fruits of Viburnum opulus has a wide usage in pharmacology. Gilaburu are naturally grown in the provinces of Kayseri, Bursa, Tokat, Sivas, in our country. Many compounds have been identified in the bark, shell and fruit of the gilaburu. Gilaburu has anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities because of the organic acids content. Antioxidants bind to free radicals in the body and stop many adverse health effects. Traditionally this fruit juice is consumed especially in the province of Kayseri. There are beliefs in this region that gilaburu is good for stomach discomfort and has the capacity to dissolve kidney stones. This fruit is also called "kidney doctor" in this region. The fruit is collected by hand, from October according to its maturity status. The aim of the study is to compile information about antioxidant capacity of gilaburu, its health effects and usage areas among the public.

KEYWORDS Gilaburu, Antioxidant, Health

Corresponding Author: RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU, rpalamutoglu@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1303

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1255

ESFAND SEED AND HEALTH 1

MERVE KAĞNICIOĞLU , RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU , CEMAL KASNAK

ABSTRACT Peganum harmala; It is a plant that opens greenish-white flowers between May and August, which grows in semi-arid conditions in the steppe fields. It is grown in Konya, Ankara, Sivas, Niğde, Kayseri, Afyon in our countryand in the USA, North Africa and Southern Europe in the world. Peganum harmala seeds contain alkaloids (harmin, harmal, harmalol, harmaline) which are in the βcarboline ring structure. It has been reported that these alkaloids has oxidative stress reducing, antidepressant, antithrombocyte aggregation effects. Antimicrobial, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antifungal effects were reported in some researches. Peganum harmala seeds are commonly known as ‘üzerlik’, an amulet made from fruits, and incense made from seeds for evil eye. Researchers continue to work on the bioactive components of plant materials in recent years.

KEYWORDS Peganum harmala, health, esfand seed

Corresponding Author: RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU, rpalamutoglu@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1304

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1256

THE ROLE OF SECONDARY METABOLITES IN MEDICAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE TUĞBA ESERKAYA GÜLEÇ

ABSTRACT Until 21st century, the main purpose was to increase the yield in agricultural production to cover the food needed by the increasing population, and improving the quality of the crop and protecting the natural resources, and the health of humans and the environment were considered in the second rank. With the intense input application to receive the highest yield from a unit area, the soil structure was destructed, and as a result of the accumulation of harmful chemicals and with the pollution of underground waters, sustainable agriculture was endangered. The disruptive effects of extensive agriculture that destroys the ecological balance in time increased the search for alternative methods, and in this step, the production model which was called as organic agriculture was put forward with the purpose of establishing the disrupted balance. Organic agriculture is the certified agricultural production in which chemical inputs are not used and controlled from the initials steps until the end. For this reason, alternative fight that may be used in organic agriculture have become more important in time (Bağdat and Karık, 2009; Yetgin, 2010). The use of medical and aromatic plants is increasing in medicine and drug industry and also in food and cosmetics industry. The studies conducted in this field showed that medical and aromatic plants may be used for many purposes in biological fight in organic agriculture due to the secondary metabolites in them (Mäder et al., 2002; Topuz and Madanlar, 2014). The most important reason of the emphasis on secondary metabolic is that they are natural compounds, and do not release toxic substances, and are decomposed in a relatively shorter time thus not causing pollution in the soil and water, do not form layers on the products that threaten the human health and have disincentive or lethal effects on many weed species or plant diseases (Erler, 2000). Allelopathic effects of medical and aromatic plants can suppress the weeds in agricultural areas without the need for a chemical fight. In many studies, it was revealed that various essential oils applied at different concentrations affected the germination and growth of many weeds in a negative way (Totey et al., 1994; Dudai et al.., 1999; Karaltın et al.., 2001; Önen, 2003). Today, it has been reported that nearly 2000 plant species have the property of being used in the fight against harmful insects; however, especially the essential oils and extracts of 26 of them may be used as insecticide against the larvae of harmful insects. The most common ones of these plants are Azadirachta indica, Derris eliptica, Acarus calamus, Rhyania speciosa, Melia spp., Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Ahmed et al., 1984). Pavela (2004) used the methanol extracts of eight medical and aromatic plants to test the insecticide effects of them on corn cotton worm (Spodoptera littoralis) larvae, and reported that all extracts had toxic effects on larvae. It was also reported that the extracts of basil (Ocimum basilicum), sweet marjoram (Origanum majarona) and medical sage (Salvia officinalis) had extremely high larval toxicity. It was also reported that the extracts of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) are used successfully in the fight against potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say.) (Kara et al., 2014). It was also determined that medical and aromatic Corresponding Author: TUĞBA ESERKAYA GÜLEÇ, tuba.eserkaya@gmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ-TBMYO

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plants have important effects in terms of water and soil retention of plants. In a study conducted on this purpose, various elements were analyzed from the upper and lower layers of the soil in which Iris histrioides Foster grew in the Black Sea Region, and it was reported that the % N, P and K components in the upper layer of the soil were high (Kandemir and Engin, 2000). Again, a study was conducted by Balak and Misra (2004), and it was reported that German chamomile played important role in breeding soil. In addition, the industrial wastes of medical and aromatic plants may be used as organic fertilizers (Bağdat and Karık, 2009). With the help of the chemicals released by medical and aromatic plants, it is possible to attract the harmful insects that are in a certain population intensity in a field to trap plants, and decrease their population intensity by mixing them with the soil (Güçlü et al., 1997; Hilker and Meiners, 2011). In previous studies, it was reported that mustard was used successfully both as a trap plant and as a green fertilizer in decreasing the intensity of grain and beet cyst nematodes in the fields. These plants are sensitive to these nematodes and ensure that cysts are activated and make the larvae invade the roots and when they are mixed with the soil in accurate time, they killed young nematodes (Özer et al., 2003; Hilker and Meiners, 2011). In this study, the data on the potential use of medical and aromatic plants in biological fight in organic agriculture have been compiled.

KEYWORDS Allelopathic Effect, Secondary Metabolite, Organic Agriculture, Trap Plant

1306

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1257

BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS AND BREEDİNG IN MEDICAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS TUĞBA ESERKAYA GÜLEÇ

ABSTRACT The lack of adequate variety and seeds of medical and aromatic plants whose culture is performed makes it difficult to have them under culture studies and sustain them. For this reason, studies that will be conducted on plant breeding for these plants become extremely important (Baydar and Telci, 2015). However, the breeding of medical and aromatic plants has fallen back when compared with the other culture plants. One of its reasons is the difficulty in developing breeding methods that are specific to each plant due to the extensive variety of medical and aromatic plants. In addition, the data on quality parameters on agricultural properties and on relevant genes are extremely limited. The second important reason is the fact that these plants are grown in limited areas and for this reason, the final situation of the investments and the return of the breeder share are extremely low. Aside from these, the necessity for making the quality analyses, the expensive equipment and substances needed make it difficult to breed these plants (Arslan et al., 2015). Medical and aromatic plants are used as raw materials in food, medicine, cosmetics and many other industries. (Başer, 1997; 1998). For this reason, these industrial branches require the use of materials that are within certain standards, and therefore, in order to obtained high-yield and high-quality raw drog from medical and aromatic plants, there is a need to develop the variety of standards. In breeding medical and aromatic plants, not only the drog yield but also the active substance yield is important at a great deal. In breeding hashish (Papaver somniferum), breeding methods aim to improve the alkaloids like morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine and papaverin as well as improving the capsule yield (Gümüşçü and Arslan, 2008). In this way, higher-level alkaloid yield may be achieved without being dependent on cultivation areas (Baydar and Telci, 2015). Completely eliminating or decreasing the amount of substances that have negative effects on health in medical and aromatic plants is among the most important purposes of breeding works. As an example, it is possible to give the study conducted to breed species of medical sage (Salvia officinalis L.) that do not have camphor due to its toxic effects or that have camphor rates below 0.5% (Dudai et al., 1999). In plants like mint and melissa, the breeding works continue for the purpose of making these plants acquire endurance against disease factors, and in rosemary, the works are still being continued to make it acquire endurance against cold. In addition, it is also aimed to detect medical and aromatic plants that have stronger antimicrobial and antioxidant effects ad to develop new genotypes with increased effects (Yarnell and Abascal, 2004; Altındağ and Aslım, 2005; Hussain, 2011; Baydar and Telci, 2015). The breeding works in medical and aromatic plants are close and similar to those applied in classical breeding methods. Aside from these, many works like genotype detection, adulteration and quality control, GDO test, genetic relations may be done by using DNA markers. In breeding works, natural plant populations that are extremely important in genetical terms and local (village) species are used. One of the most important advantages of the breeding of the plants is their having a wide variation and being prone to develop Corresponding Author: TUĞBA ESERKAYA GÜLEÇ, tuba.eserkaya@gmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ-TBMYO

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with a simple selection. 70-80% of the medical and aromatic plants in the world are obtained from natural populations, local species or from introduction materials with simple selection method. (Pank, 2006; Arslan et al., 2015). Today, bio-technological methods are used for the purpose of performing plant production with higher quality and quantity in a more economical way by solving the problems, which are not solved with known traditional methods, in this process (Uรงar and Turgut, 2009). In breeding medical and aromatic plants, bio-technological methods are also made use of as well as classical breeding methods. Detecting and improving the genotypes that can endure salinity, drought, diseases and hat will bring several benefits such as secondary metabolite production with plant cell cultures. Biotechnological methods are used successfully especially in the production of secondary metabolites in in vitro conditions, in eliminating environmental actors, producing crops in the desired amount and standard quality, or in producing semi or fully synthetic secondary metabolites (Baydar, 2013). In this study, the data on breeding methods and biotechnological methods applied on medical and aromatic plants have been compiled.

KEYWORDS Medical and Aromatic Plants, Breeding, Secondary Metabolite.

1308

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1259

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CULTIVATION AND ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L. ( SAFFLOWER) UMMAHAN ÖZ ARIK

ABSTRACT Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is an industrial plant with a high medical potential. Safflower give positive results in the treatment of acute appendicitis, women's period, cardiovascular disease, fever reduction, asthma, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis. The cultivation of the Safflower is important because of its industrial use and pharmacological properties. Cultural practices vary from region to region. Depending on the ecological conditions of each region, types of the cultivation changes. Sowing time and sowing frequency are effective on yield. Generally, the autumn planting is more suitable from spring planting for the development of plant characteristics and seed yield. Nitrogen , phosphorus and humic acid applications were positively effect oil yield . This review was carried out to determine the effect of different cultivation and ecological conditions on yield and quality of Safflower.

KEYWORDS Carthamus tinctorius, Safflower, cultivation, yield, quality

Corresponding Author: UMMAHAN ÖZ ARIK, ummahanoz48@gmail.com 1 CELAL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ ALAŞEHİR MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU TIBBİ VE AROMATİK BİTKİLER PROGRAMI

1309

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1260

BIOACTIVE PROPERTIES AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME HYPERICUM SPECIES GROWING WILD IN BLACK SEA REGION OF TURKEY 1

LATIFE BETÜL GÜL , NILGÜN ÖZDEMİR , OSMAN GÜL , CÜNEYT ÇIRAK , AHMET HILMI ÇON

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate total phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some Hypericum species growing wild in Blacksea Region of Turkey. For determining all these functional properties, ethanolic extractions of both leaves and flowers of four wild Hypericum species (H. perfoliatum L., H. aviculariifolium Jaup. and Spach subsp. depilatum (Freyn and Bornm.) Robson var. depilatum, H. origanifolium Wild. and H. linarioides Bosse) were performed separately by maceration method. Total phenolic contents of these flower and leaf extracts were found between 148.04-83.89 and 202.83-48.03 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) /g dry weight, respectively. H. linarioides was determined as the Hypericum specie getting highest total phenolic content. Antioxidant activities of both flower and leaf extracts were determined by DPPH assay. According to the results, antioxidant activities of the flower extracts were determined between 24.94-17.14 mg trolox equivalent /g dry weight and for the leaves, the values were found between 39.35-8.63 mg trolox equivalent /g dry weight. The highest antioxidant activity was observed on the leaf extract of H. linarioides. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against 9 pathogenic and/or food spoiling bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilis, B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, Listeria innocua, Esherichia coli, B. cereus and L. monocytogenes). MIC results show that the flower extracts generally exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the leaf extracts. And especially, the flower extract of H. perfoliatum showed strong inhibition effect against all strains except E. coli.

KEYWORDS Hypericum spp., total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity

Corresponding Author: LATİFE BETÜL GÜL, latife.betul@omu.edu.tr 1 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ 2 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, YEŞİLYURT DEMİR-ÇELİK MESLEK YÜKSEK OKULU, GIDA TEKNOLOJİSİ PROGRAMI 3 ONDOKUZ MAYIS ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BAFRA MESLEK YÜKSEK OKULU, BİTKİSEL VE HAYVANSAL ÜRETİM BÖLÜMÜ

1310

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1261

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITY AND CUTTING TIMES ON YIELD OF STEVIA 1

LEYLA SEZEN TANSI , ELNAZ SAMEDPOURRIGANI , SELIN GEDIK , AMIR SOLTANBEIGI

ABSTRACT Stevia (Stevia rebaudianaBertoni) is perennial, shrub form plant, belonging to Asteraceae. It is indigenous to Paraguay and Brazil. Stevia is a natural sweetening, and it has using potential to diets of obesity patients with non-caloric speciality and treatment of diabetes with insulin secretagogue speciality. In this study, the effects of different planting spaces and two cutting times on yields of twoyear old stevia plant were investigated. The highest dry leaf yield (515.96 kg/da) was obtained from blooming stage, cuttingsin spring and 30x60 cm planting density.

KEYWORDS Stevia rebaudiana, planting space, cutting times.

Corresponding Author: SELİN GEDİK, sgedik@cu.edu.tr 1 ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ, TARLA BİTKİLERİ BÖLÜMÜ. 2 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, AHMET NECDET SEZER KAMPÜSÜ, GIDA KONTROL ARAŞ. VE UYG. MERKEZİ

1311

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1262

SOME FUNCTIONAL AND TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF GUAR AND XANTHAN GUM UTILIZED EGGLESS CAKE 1

YUSUF DURMUŞ , ZEKAİ TARAKÇI

ABSTRACT Cake; a ready-to-eat food product produced in many countries in a wide variety of shapes, formulations and high nutritional value. Eggs are often used in cake formulations, which can cause allergic reactions in some people, especially in children. In this study, eggless plain cakes were produced using guar (GG) and xanthan (XA) gums with ratios of 0.0%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% and some functional properties of cakes were examined. The cakes were stored for 48 hours and some properties were determined at 1., 24. and 48 hours. GG and XA gums did not significantly affect the cooking efficiency (p>0.05). It was observed that the pH value decreased with the addition of gums in all samples. It has been found that the pH value decreased during storage for GG 1.0% and XA 1.0% samples. According to acidity results acidity did not change in control samples during storage. The usage of gums has increased the acidity of all samples. Acidity generally increased during storage and it was found that acidity of GG samples was higher than that of XA samples. It was determined that brightness of samples slightly increased during storage according to color measurements. Gum addition showed an increase in brightness. With the use of gums, the a* value is generally increased, while the maximum redness was reached by XA 2.0%. While b* values of XA were found to be lower than that of GG samples, no significant changes were observed during storage in b* values (p>0.05). According to the texture results it was determined that the GG samples were harder than the XA samples for each time period during storage. GG 1.5% and GG 2.0% were statistically higher than other samples at 1. hour (p<0.05). It has been recorded that flexibility increased during storage. The addition of XA resulted in more sticky cakes than GG. It was observed that the gummy property increased gradually during storage while the GG samples more gummy as average to the XA for each storage period. The chewiness of cakes increased during storage and it was determined that the use of gums increased the chewiness. Generally, chewiness values of GG samples were higher than those of XA samples. Gum added cakes were found to be more elastic than the control samples and it was determined that XA increased the elasticity more than GG. The lowest elasticity was determined in the control samples at the 1. and 24. hours of storage. According to the sensory evaluations, the control samples were most favored in terms of taste-aroma. GG and XA samples were similarly liked by the panelists. There were no significant differences in cake color, pore structure and odor evaluations among the cakes in sensory evaluations.

KEYWORDS Cake, gum, guar, xanthan

Corresponding Author: YUSUF DURMUŞ, yusuf_bm@hotmail.com 1 ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1312

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1263

USE OF SOME ESSENTIAL OILS IN GRAPE STORAGE 1

UMMAHAN ÖZ ARIK , CUMA ARIK

ABSTRACT Medical and aromatic plants are generally used in fields such as food, spice , medicine, beverage and cosmetics. Nowadays , there are numerous studies on the antimicrobial and insecticidal properties of essential oils and extracts from these plants. The investigations indicate that medicinal and aromatic plants can be used to increase the shelf life, especially in fruit preservation. This studies show that the essential oils extracted from medicinal and aromatic plants such as thyme, caraway and carnation are effective in the suppression of fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Penicillium digitatum, Phomopsis viticola and Rhizopus stolonifer which reduce the shelf life in grape preservation, but it does not negatively effect the sensory properties of the grape. This review is intended to reveal the use of certain essential oils in grape storage.

KEYWORDS Grape, storage, medical and aromatic plants, essential oil, Botrytis cinerea

Corresponding Author: UMMAHAN ÖZ ARIK, ummahanoz48@gmail.com 1 CELAL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ ALAŞEHİR MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU TIBBİ VE AROMATİK BİTKİLER PROGRAMI 2 CELAL BAYAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ ALAŞEHİR MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU BAĞCILIK PROGRAMI

1313

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1264

AS A NUTRACEUTİCAL: CHLORELLA 1

NURCAN ÇELİK , RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU , CEMAL KASNAK

ABSTRACT Today, “nutriceuticals” is described as “The food that provides benefical effects by generating one or more physiologic functions like enhancing healty or creating decrease the risk of being exposed to some disesases”. Physiologic benefits of the nutriceuticals are determined and revealed the usage utility nutraceutical contributions that show the protection to any cronic diseases suchlike drugs-one of them is microlgea originating from sea. Because of including sufficient level of functional ingredients such unsatured fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid, B-caroten and other pigments, sulfates, polysaccharide(antiviral) and sterols(antimicrobial); the microalgea are used quite frequently. Chlorella is a type of microalgae, is known the most common species in this group by considering the farming. Also, it is used as a nutraceutical in medicine, cosmetics and pharmaceutics. It is absiously seen from some scientists works that Chlorella which has 3 types “ellipsoidea, pyrenoidasa and vulgaris” has positive effects on human health like regulating blood pressure, decreasing the level of cholesterol, avoiding some viral diseases and reinforcement of immune system. Since Chlorella has these properties, it became popular almost all over the world as a functional and nutraceutical food.

KEYWORDS chlorella, cancer, chlorella vulgaris, nutraceutical, functional food

Corresponding Author: RECEP PALAMUTOĞLU, rpalamutoglu@aku.edu.tr 1 AFYON KOCATEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1314

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1266

EFFICACY OF SUCROSE AND THIDIAZURON ON IN VITRO SHOOT REGENERATION OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUMGRAECUM L.) 1

BEHIYE BÜŞRA TAŞBAŞI , ESRA KAVCI , ARIFE KITRI0 , SIBEL DAY , MUHAMMAD AASIM , KAHLID MAHMOOD 4 KHAWAR

ABSTRACT Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an important medicinal and edible legume which is also used as spice, forage and green manure. It contains important bioactive compounds like glactomannan, saponins, mucilage, alkaloids and volatile oil. Due to its highly economic vvalue, there is need to apply biotechnological tools for variety improvement and obtaining secondary metabolites. Keeping in view, the present study was designed to develop an efficient regenration protocol of fenugreek. Cotyledonary nodes and leaf explants taken from 18-20 days old seedlings were cultured on phytagel solidified MS medium enriched with different concentrations of sucrose (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0%). Medium was also enriched with 0.40, 0.80 and 1.20 mg/l Thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.20 mg/l NAA. 100% callus induction was recorded on both explants with no shoot regneneration from leaf explants. However, cotyledonary nodes genertaed 100% shoot buds which later turned into shoots. Maximum number of 18.75 shoot buds were recorded on medium supplemented with 0.40 mg/l TDZ+0.20 mg/l NAA with 1.5% sucrose concentration. Explants were subcultured after 6 weeks of culture to MS medium which turned the shoot buds into well developed shoots. Explants were left in Magneta vessels for further growth for other studies.

KEYWORDS Callus, In vitro, Fenugreek, Medicinal, Shoots, Regeneration

Corresponding Author: MUHAMMAD AASİM, mshazim@gmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF BİOTECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, NECMETTİN ERBAKAN UNİVERSİTY, KONYA, TURKEY 2 DEPARTMENT OF FİELD CROPS, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE, ANKARA UNİVERSİTY, ANKARA 3 DEPARTMENT OF BİOTECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, NECMETTİN ERBAKAN UNİVERSİTY, KONYA, TURKEY 4 DEPARTMENT OF FİELD CROPS, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE, ANKARA UNİVERSİTY, ANKARA

1315

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1267

POTENTIAL USES OF ESSENTIAL OIL COMBINATIONS AS SURFACE DISINFECTANT 1

İLKIN YÜCEL ŞENGÜN , GÜLDEN KILIÇ , ŞEYDA GÜL

ABSTRACT In the present work, the antimicrobial activity of essential oils including cinnamon, peppermint, oregano, nettle seed and clove oils, and different combinations of these essential oils were investigated. In the first stage of the study, the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against seven bacterial strains (Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli) was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. MIC value was determined for each microorganism using a 96-well microtiter plates. Essential oils, except peppermint and nettle seed oils, exhibited inhibitive effect on all test microorganisms at concentrations ranging between 0.156 and 10% (MIC, v/v). The highest inhibitive effect on test cultures was observed in oregano oil with MIC values in the range of 0.156-0.625%. When the essential oils were used in combinations, the MIC values of both prepared formulations were ranged between 0.625-2.5% and 0.312-2.5%. In the second stage of the study, the most effective formulation containing oregano, cinnamon and clove oil (1:1:1) was used as the surface disinfectant at 10, 20 and 30% concentrations for 1 and 5 min treatment time. The analyze results showed that the selected formulation used at 10% concentration was effective against E. coli inoculated on working surface (4.59 log CFU/25 cm2), which reduced the cell numbers to an undetectable level for 1 min application. On the other hand, 96% alcohol application reduced the cell numbers by 1.15 and 1.30 log units for 1 and 5 min treatment times, respectively. When the effects of solutions were compared in terms of the numbers of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria that naturally found on surfaces, the disinfection effect of the prepared essential oil formulation was found higher than 96% alcohol. These results showed that essential oils used in combinations might be a good alternative in the disinfection of surfaces.

KEYWORDS essential oils, combination, antibacterial, surface disinfection

Corresponding Author: İLKİN YÜCEL ŞENGÜN, ilkinyucel@yahoo.com 1 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1316

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1268

EFFICACY OF EXPLANT AGE, SUCROSE AND THIDIAZURON ON IN VITRO SHOOT REGENERATION OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L.) 1

ESRA KAVCI , BEHIYE BÜŞRA TAŞBAŞI , MUHAMMAD AASIM , SIBEL DAY , ALLAH BAKHSH , KHALID 4 MAHMOOD KHAWAR

ABSTRACT Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) belongs to Fabacae family is an important medicinal plant thats is used as vegetable and making pickles in Indo-Pak subcontinet. It contains important biologically active secondary metabolites like alkaloids, glactomannan, saponins, mucilage, and volatile oil that increase the value of the plant. However, there is need to use biotechnological tools in order to produce more elite plants and to isolate secondary metabolites. In this study, we used 10 and 20 days old cotyledonary nodes explants from in vitro grown seedlings and cultured on gelrite solidified MS medium fortified with 0.40, 0.80 and 1.20 mg/l Thidiazuron (TDZ)+0.20 mg/l NAA with different sucrose concentrations (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0%). Callus induction followed by somatic embryogenesis (100 %) was recorded after 4 weeks of culture which later on turned into shoots or shoot buds. 20 d old explant regenerated more number of shoots compared to 10 d explant. Maximum number of shoots/shoot buds were achievd on medium fortified with 0.80 mg/l TDZ+0.20 mg/l NAA provided with 4.5 % sucrose. Explants were left for growth for further studies.

KEYWORDS Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) belongs to Fabacae family is an important medicinal plant thats is used as vegetable and making pickles in Indo-Pak subcontinet. It contains important biologically active secondary metabolites like alkaloids, glact

Corresponding Author: MUHAMMAD AASİM, mshazim@gmail.com 1 DEPARTMENT OF BİOTECHNOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, NECMETTİN ERBAKAN UNİVERSİTY, KONYA, TURKEY 2 DEPARTMENT OF FİELD CROPS, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, ANKARA UNİVERSİTY, ANKARA 3 DEPARTMENT OF AGRİCULTURAL GENETİC ENGİNEERİNG, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURAL SCİENCES AND TECHNOLOGİES, NİGDE UNİVERSİTY, NİGDE, TURKEY 4 DEPARTMENT OF FİELD CROPS, FACULTY OF SCİENCE, ANKARA UNİVERSİTY, ANKARA

1317

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1269

SOME MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS VISITED BY BUMBLE BEES IN TURKEY 1

REFIKA GÜNALP , NEVIN KESKIN

ABSTRACT Bumble bees (Bombus sp.) are large, colorful, ubiquitous pollinators which found throughout the Holarctic, Oriental, and Neotropical regions of the world, especially in alpine and arctic zones. They like to be found in open meadows, which provide abundant amounts of nutrients throughout the flight, and tend to go with long corolla bushes belonging to the family of Lamiaceae and Fabaceae in these habitats. Turkey is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of medicinal and aromatic plants, and there are about 12 000 plant taxa naturally grown. Of these, 3750 are endemic and the endemism rate is very high when compared to European countries. Hundreds of plant species naturally grown in Turkey, especially endemic plants that have high medicinal and aromatic value. About 500 plant species in Turkey are being utilized in the context of folk medicine or traditional medicine applications. In this study, 10 of the medicinal and aromatic plants that Astragalus sp., Thymus fallax Fisch.&Mey., Salvia officinalis L., Centaurea solstitialis L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Papaver somniferum L., Pimpinella sp., Acacia cyanaphylla L., Shymphytum sp. were handled and their relation to bumble bees were compiled from various sources.

KEYWORDS Medicinal and aromatic plants, Bumble bees, Turkey

Corresponding Author: REFİKA GÜNALP, refika.gunalp@hacettepe.edu.tr 1 HACETTEPE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1318

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1270

DIETARY FIBERS AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN GRAPE POMACE 1

ALI SABIR , FERHAN SABIR , ALPER KÜÇÜKBASMACI , OMAR TURHAN JALIL JALIL

ABSTRACT Lifestyle changes, including healthy diets and exercise, constitute the most powerful tools to fight against many chronic diseases (Urquiaga et al. 2015). Mediterranean diets are considered as valuable preventive measures as several studies have proven that their intake is associated with lower occurrence and prevalence of chronic diseases (Keys 1970) and longer life expectancy (Trichopoulou 2004). Antioxidants, fiber, unsaturated fats and phytochemicals are the bioactive components of Mediterranean diets that apparently support the human health (Simopoulos 2001). Grape pomace (GP), a rich source of antioxidant and fiber, is used as an ingredient for functional foods and as a dietary supplement to increase the intake of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds. Jiménez et al. (2008) found that fibers from GP show high reducing efficacy in lipid profile and blood pressure due to combined effect of dietary fiber and antioxidants. GP as antioxidant dietary fiber also helps to enhance the gastrointestinal health of the human by promoting a beneficial microbiota profile (Pozuelo et al., 2012). Antioxidant dietary fiber may be incorporated with flour for making high dietary fiber bakery goods, while the polyphenols in antioxidant dietary fiber could contribute as antioxidant for improving aroma, color and taste of the product. For example, GP was mixed with sourdough for rye bread (Mildner-Szkudlarz et al. 2011) and grape seed flour for pancakes and noodles (Rosales Soto, Brown and Ross, 2012). Aside from promoting human health, GP plays important role as antimicrobial agent to maintain the shelf-life of foods. Goni et al. (2009) and Sánchez-Alonso et al. (2007) revealed that GP added into minced fish and chicken breast delayed the lipid oxidation. Also, GP extract exhibited antimicrobial effect against foodborne pathogens when added into beef patties (Sagdic et al. 2011). There are increasing interests in applying GP, grape processing wastes, as functional food ingredients because they are rich source of dietary fiber, and most of the beneficial bioactive compounds are remained in the byproducts.

KEYWORDS antioxidant dietary fiber, grape pomace, bioactive compounds

Corresponding Author: ALİ SABIR, asabir@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, AGRİCULTURE FACULTY, HORTİCULTURE DEPARTMENT, KONYA, TURKEY

1319

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1271

LATHYRUS CZECZOTTIANUS: CAN BE NEW SOURCE OF NATURAL ANTIMUTAGENIC AGENTS IN PHARMACOLOGY? 1

AHMET UYSAL , RAMAZAN CEYLAN , GÖKHAN ZENGIN , ERDOĞAN GÜNEŞ

ABSTRACT Human environment consists mutagenic and carcinogenic agents. Moreover, several wellknown mutagenic risk factors are closely connected with a modern lifestyle and their entire eradication appears to be very burdensome, even unattainable. Therefore, there exists a need to reduce genotoxic effects of mutagenic and carcinogenic factors by the regular intake of antimutagenic agents. Recently, it has been accepted that plants and their products represent one of the main sources for compounds with antimutagenic potential and, indeed, several secondary plant metabolites have demonstrated chemo-preventive activities. Thus, there is an increasing interest in the investigation of naturally occurring antimutagens from plants. So, Lathyrus czeczottianus methanol and water extracts were evaluated for their potential mutagenic and antimutagenic activities by Ames test in the present study. Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains used for determining the frame shift and base pair exchange type of mutations, respectively. The Ames test was conducted both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation enzymes. The result of the mutagenicity test showed that methanol and water extract of Lathyrus did not increase the revertant colony numbers when compared with control plates. We concluded that plant extracts were not mutagenic in the Ames test. Because of these extracts were not mutagenic, so antimutagenic potentials of them were studied at doses of 10000 µg/plate, 5000 µg/plate, and 1000 µg/plate. For TA98 methanol extract was moderate antimutagenic (37%, 30%, respectively) at doses of 10000 and 5000 µg/plate, while water extract showed moderate antimutagenicity (33%) at the highest concentration. After addition of S9 mix, methanol extract revealed strong antimutagenicity (73%, 63%, 57%) at all test doses against 2-aminoflourene. Similarly water extract exhibited the greatest antimutagenic potential (85%) at a dose of 10000 µg/plate with S9 mix for TA98 and followed by 5000 µg/plate dose with 41% inhibition making the extract a very strong antimutagen. Associated with sodium azide, methanol and water extracts were moderate antimutagenic at a dose of 10000 µg/plate in the absence of S9 enzymes for TA100 strain. The methanol extract manifested strong antimutagenicity at concentrations of 10000 (78%) and 5000 µg/plate (54%), and it alleviated the mutagenic action of 2-aminoanthracene in the presence of metabolic activation system. It was observed that metabolic activation enzymes were increased the antimutagenicity of the extracts and it can suggested that Lathyrus extracts may be the natural source of antimutagenic agents against well-known mutagenic substances.

KEYWORDS Antimutagenicity, Mutagenicity, Lathyrus czeczottianus, Ames test

Corresponding Author: AHMET UYSAL, ahuysal@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1320

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1272

COMPARISION OF THE FLAXSEED OILS OBTAINED BY USING COLD PRESS AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION METHODS 1

ZIYA GEVREK , OSMAN KOLA , ŞEYMA İNCE , NURTEN CENGİZ , MURAT REIS AKKAYA , TUNAHAN ERDEM

ABSTRACT Flax (also known as common flax or linseed), Linum usitatissimum, is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. Flaxseed oil is widely used in food industry due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids. In this study, oil was obtained by cold pressing and solvent extraction methods. Cold pressing is completely a mechanical process without chemical application. In cold pressing, the highest temperature which the product is exposed to, is 40°C. During cold pressing, flavor, aroma, nutrients and natural values of the plant are not lost. In the solvent extraction, solvents are used to extract oil from seeds. In the present work, oils extracted by two different methods, cold pressing and solvent extraction, were compared by analyzing several quality parameters of the oils such as free fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, peroxide value and refractive index. Protein content of the flaxseed was found to be 14.5% While the yield of the cold pressing was 21%, and that of solvent extraction was 34.8%. Antioxidant capacity was determined as 2.126 mmol TE/L for the oil extracted by the cold pressing and 2.144 mmol TE/L for the oil extracted by solvent extraction. Total fenolic contents of the oil obtained by both cold pressing and solvent extraction were 132.42 mgGA/L and 153 mgGA/L, respectively. There was not a significant difference between the refractive indices of the oils extracted by both methods (determined as 1.48nd). There was no active oxygen in the oil because it was stored in a dark refrigerator at 3°C. According to the characterization of fatty acids, the oils obtained by cold pressing contained 9.98% SFA, 19.81% MUFA and 68.99% PUFA. Majority of these were α-Linolenic acid (54.91%), oleic acid (17.65%), linoleic acid (13.67%), palmitic acid (5.47%) and stearic acid (4.15%). SFA, MUFA and PUFA contents of the oils extracted by solvent extraction were 10.77%, 18.06% and 70.30% PUFA, respectively. Majority of the oils extracted by solvent extraction were α-Linolenic acid (54.08%), oleic acid (17.75%), linoleic acid (15.09%), palmitic acid (5.65%) and stearic acid (4.57%). This study shows that flaxseed oil is a health-promoting ingredient for food industry because it contains significant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (especially α-Linolenic acid) and protein.

KEYWORDS Flaxseed, Fatty acids, Oilseeds, Phenolic compound, Protein content

Corresponding Author: ZİYA GEVREK, ziyagevrek@gmail.com 1 ADANA BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 ÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1321

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1273

ESSENTIAL OILS AS NATURAL PRESERVATIVES IN MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS 1

TE D

SONGÜL ŞAHIN ERCAN , HÜSEYIN BOZKURT , ÇIĞDEM SOYSAL

ABSTRACT

Abstract Essential oils are aromatic and complex mixture of volatile compounds and can be obtained from different parts of plants: leaves, peels, roots, flowers, seeds, fruits and woods. Essential oils are substantiated to have antiviral, antimycotic, antiparasitic, antioxidant, and insecticidal properties in addition to the antibacterial action due to the phenolic functional groups. Production of safe and high quality meat and meat products is a growing thought over the worldwide. There has been increasing trend in essential oils as natural food preservatives in meat and meat products due to the concern about negative consumer perception of synthetic preservatives. Use of synthetic food preservatives can cause adverse health effects and remained a challenge to the meat industry. Unlike synthetic compounds, essential oils are rich in phenolics and they can enhance the overall quality of food by decreasing lipid oxidation, microbial growth and overall acceptability . This review is covers up to date literatures on essential oils used as natural preservatives in meat and meat products.

KEYWORDS

Essential oils, meat, meat products , preservatives.

Corresponding Author: SONGÜL ŞAHİN ERCAN, sosahin@gantep.edu.tr 1 DEPARTMENT OF FOOD ENGİNEERİNG, FACULTY OF ENGİNEERİNG, GAZİANTEP UNİVERSİTY, GAZİANTEP 27310, TURKEY

1322

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1275

DETERMINATION OF TEA CONSUMPTION VARIETY AND FREQUENCY OF PEOPLE LIVING IN AKŞEHIR 1

ELMAS ERSÖZ , ALI EMRAH BIYIKLI , EZGI TOPTAŞ BIYIKLI , FATMA ŞEYDA KUTLUGÜN , MÜBERA ÇIL , FATMA 1 1 1 GENÇ , ZAHIDE TUNCER , SINAN SIREN

ABSTRACT Introductıon Since time immemorial, tea is consumed frequently as curative and daily liquid intake. Black tea is one of the common tea type, hence it is the most consumed tea in Turkey. Preferability of tea is increased by people, as its positive effects on health issue became more topical. Herbal teas consumptionability and conservationability is practical, therefore its consumption rate has increased day by day. Objectıve In this study, the aim is to determine the tea consumption rate and frequency of people who live in Akşehir town center. Method The study is made between February 2017 and March 2017. 320 people randomly selected for the study as 265(82.8%) women and 55(17.2%) men. By the survey research, participants’ demographic informations and habits related with tea consumption are investigated. In order to analyze the data collected, SPSS 22.0 statistic program is used. Results Age average of the people attended to the survey is 29.6±5.6. When the education level of the people is investigated, the highest percentage belongs to high school graduates by 82.2%. When the tea consumption rates in the survey are respectively sorted from high rate to low rate; black tea(84.4%), linden tea(44.7%), green tea(39.7%), sage tea(33.2%), rose hip tea(29.1%), mint tea(20.0%), chamomile tea(18.1%), apple tea(13.4%) and thyme tea(11.3%). Other teas consumptions rates are found below 10%. 75.6% of the people who consume black tea prefers bulk tea, 24.4% prefers tea bag. 32.8% of these people drink minimum 3 tea glass, 44.4% drink minimum 1 tea glass of black tea. 17.1% drink minimum 1 tea glass and 80.3% use green tea bag and 19.7% use bulk green tea of people who consume green tea. Along the people who consume linden tea, 11.1% drink minimum 1 tea glass and 69% of them use bulk linden tea and 30.7% use linden tea bag. Conclusion Black tea consumption is the top consumed tea type as like people who live in all around Turkey. The consumption rates of the other tea types after black tea are respectively, linden tea, green tea and sage tea. Tea has lots of positive effects on health, especially due to its polyphenol content. However, too much consumption of tea is not suggested, because it increases caffeine intake and has diuretic effects. When consuming herbal teas, attention should be paid to the consumption amounts according to the tea types.

KEYWORDS Black tea, linden tea, green tea, herbal tea

Corresponding Author: ELMAS ERSÖZ, elmasonde@gmail.com 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ AKŞEHİR KADİR YALLAGÖZ SAĞLIK YÜKSEKOKULU BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1323

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1276

HEALTH BENEFITS OF RESVERATROL; A PLANT PHYTOALEXIN IN GRAPES AS A FUNCTIONAL FOOD 1

ALI SABIR , FERHAN SABIR , ZEKI KARA , ALPER KÜÇÜKBASMACI

ABSTRACT Functional foods, derived from plants that naturally contain compounds beneficial to human health (Boue et al. 2009), have been a developing area of food science research for the past decade since consumer interest has shifted toward achieving and maintaining good health. Studies on cardioprotective potential of dietary components supports the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Plant phytoalexins as nutritional components has opened up a new area of food science. On this point, resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a natural phenol found in grapes, has a calorierestriction effect and influences energy metabolism by improving insulin sensitivity, lowering plasma glucose, and increasing mitochondrial (O’Riordan et al. 2009). Experiments revealed that this stilbenoid exerts antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and antiproliferative effects (Jang et al. 1997). It has also been shown to extend the life span of several short-living species of animals (Valenzano et al. 2006). Recent studies also revealed that resveratrol has curative effect for Alzheimer’s disease. Resveratrol is necessarily digested after ingestion and diffuses into blood rapidly. It maintains the active form in foods due to its high resistance to heat (Keskin et al. 2009). These studies on the health benefits of resveratrol spurred consumer interest in grapes as a functional food. Resveratrol is present at high concentrations in the skin of grapes, depending on the grape variety. Experimental studies have demonstrated that elicitor treatment can increase resveratrol concentrations of postharvest grapes. The ability of UV irradiation to induce the synthesis of the phytoalexin resveratrol was first reported by using leaf disks and immature grape berries (Langcake and Pryce 1977). In fact, many agents have been proven to be effective for increasing the resveratrol content of grapes. Thus, recent studies propose a new area within functional food research called phytoalexin-enriched foods that utilize induced plant compounds or phytoalexins created either pre- or postharvest that have been considered in terms of beneficial health effects.

KEYWORDS Functional foods, grapes, resveratrol, antioxidant, health

Corresponding Author: ALİ SABIR, asabir@selcuk.edu.tr 1 SELCUK UNİVERSİTY, AGRİCULTURE FACULTY, HORTİCULTURE DEPARTMENT, KONYA, TURKEY

1324

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1277

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS MUSA ACAR

ABSTRACT Plant essential oils have been used for many purposes since many years, especially in scientific and commercial areas. At the beginning of these usage areas are cosmetics, medicine, food industry, aromatherapy and phytotherapy. Essential oils have recently attracted the attention of many scientists, because it has a wide use area, and the chemical structures of these essential oils have been a subject of curiosity about the investigated biological activities. Essential oils are obtained from various organs such as flowers, leaves, bark, branches or fruits of some plants and often referred to by the name of the plant. These substances, called essences, are essentially terpene blends. Water drifted with steam, insoluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents. Essantial oils are produced by the pressurization of plant parts by means of organic solvents, water vapor distillation or extraction. In recent years, the insufficiency of synthetic drugs and the detection of side effects against increasing diseases have increased the necessity of using natural products. For this purpose many plants are being investigated from microbiological and pharmacological aspects. Since essential oils are complex mixtures containing different compounds, they also differ in their biological effects. The effects are different according to the substances, many essantial oils, have antimicrobial, carminative, coloretic, sedative, diuretic, antispasmodic effects. Due to the increase in antibiotic-resistant infections in recent years, studies on the search for new drugs in combating these infections are a great necessity. In this regard, the plant essential oils have a great precaution and have been reported by many researchers as antimicrobial agents. As in all the countries of the world, plants that are important in Turkey for medical purposes have been used for centuries as a treatment for diseases among the people. As a potential source of new antimicrobial compounds of these plants, which are traditionally envied, it is very important to investigate scientifically.

KEYWORDS Essential oil, herbal, antimicrobial

Corresponding Author: MUSA ACAR, musaacar@konya.edu.tr 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1325

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1278

USAGE AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS 1

TUĞBA AKDENİZ FIRAT , ZUHAL SAÇTI

ABSTRACT With the developing world, the importance of medical plants is increasing considerably. According to World Health Organization (WHO) researches, the number of plants used for therapeutic purposes is around 20.000 and 80% of the population living in developing countries rely on traditional herbal medicines for essential health needs. A lot of drug, still used in medicine, are made of plants. For herbal product in intended property, quality medicinal plant is required. Turkey is one of the important countries where medicinal plants grow with its geographical position, climate, vegetation cover, agricultural potential for medical plants grow. Turkey has a lot of share in the trade of medicinal and aromatic plants because it has many aromatic plants in its flora. Since ancient times, these medicinal plants grown in our country have been benefited from various areas such as medicine, food, cosmetics. The current increase in the popularity of medicinal plants results from resistance developed by diseases. Extracts made from medicinal plants are effective against new breeds. For this reason, there has been a serious return to herbal preparations in recent years. In this study, the last five years and economic importance of medicinal and aromatic plants have been investigated because of their increasing value.

KEYWORDS medicinal and aromatical plants, economy, herbal extract

Corresponding Author: TUĞBA AKDENİZ FIRAT, tugba.akdenizfirat@tarim.gov.tr 1 ZİRAİ MÜCADELE MERKEZ ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ

1326

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1279

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS AND ELEMENTS IN CYCLOTRICHIUM NIVEUM (BOISS.) MANDEN. ET SCHENG. 1

AHMET ÖZKAYA , AHMET ZAFER TEL , UMUT YILMAZ HAN

ABSTRACT Cyclotrichium genus is a member of the Lamiaceae family and its six species present in Turkey. C. niveum and C. origanifolium and C. longiflorum are endemic for Turkey. C. niveum is popularly known as ‘’dag nanesi’’ (Gulcin et al., 2008). C. niveum is a perennial plant and is used in the treatment of traditional pain, flu, nausea and irregular muscle pain. The plant, which has mint flavor, is used in making soup, as a medicinal tea and as a spice in Turkish foods (Çetinus et al., 2007). In recent years, the chemical composition of C. niveum has been studied. Pulegon and isomenthol compounds are considered to be main ingredients in C. niveum. In addition, flavonoids and triterpenoids are detected in other C. niveum species (Gulcin et al., 2008). Baser et al. (1994) have reported essential oils of C. niveum for the first time (Başer et al., 1994). C. niveum has 32.5-56.1 g / 100 pulegon and 33.8-35.4 g / 100 isomenthol as the main ingredient in the essential oil (Gulcin et al., 2008). The chemical components of C. niveum have been antioxidant effected (Alim et al., 2009). In this study, we performed first literaturally known fatty acid and trace element analyses of the C.niveum. C. nivenum plants were collected from Adiyaman/Nemrut mountain. After the plants were picked up, they were naturally dried in a shady. The levels of trace element and fatty acid of C. niveum endemic plant leaf in Turkey were determined by using ICP-OES and GC, respectively. Among fatty acid levels, caprylic acid, undecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and alfa-linolenic acid levels were determined as 11.19%, 10.27%, 14.01%, 3.58%, 8.14%, 6.54%and 15.69%, respectively. The plant leafs were found containing Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ba, Al, Cu, Fe, and Mn with respective quantities of 3.00, 0.07, 30.54, 122.17, 66.90, 319.98, 5.60, 334.52, 72.72 μg/g, and K, Na at 47.47, 0.09 mg/g (dry matter) quantities, respectively. For the following medicinal studies, we think that the obtained result parameters may be valuabled. REFERENCES [1] Gulcin, I., Tel, A. Z., Kirecci, E., (2008). Antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiradical activities of Cyclotrichium Niveum (BOISS.) Manden and Scheng, International Journal of Food Properties, 11: 450–471.RC Patra, D Swarup, SK Dwivedi, Toxicol., 162(2):81–88 (2001). [2] Çetinus, Ş.A., Göze, İ., Saraç, B., Vural, N., (2007). Scavenging effect and antispasmodic activity of the essential oil of Cyclotrichium niveum, Fitoterapia, 78:129-133. [3] Baser, K.H.C., Sarikardagoglu, S., Tümen, G., (1994). The essential oil of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden & Scheng, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 6:9-12. [4] Alim, A., Goze, I., Cetin, A., Atas, A.D., Vural, N., Donmez, E., (2009). Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden. Et Scheng, African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3 8:422-425. Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the ADYUBAP project, number FEFYL 2012/0011.

Corresponding Author: AHMET ÖZKAYA, aozkaya@adiyaman.edu.tr 1 DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY, FACULTY OF SCİENCE AND ARTS, ADIYAMAN UNİVERSİTY, 2 DEPARTMENT OF BİOLOGY, FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCİENCES, ADİYAMAN UNİVERSİTY,

1327

KEYWORDS Cyclotrichium niveum, element, fatty acid

1328

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1280

API-AROMATHERAPY AND HEALTH 1

BANU YUCEL , ZUMRUT ACIKGOZ

ABSTRACT Api-Aromatherapy is a mixture therapy by using combination of bee products and pure essential oils. The properties of bee products mantain health for our body. Honey has antibacterial, inflammatory, immunomodulator, antioxidant, expectorant, emollient effects. It cleanse the blood, heals, remineralize the body and nutritious whereas propolis is cured several illnesses with its excellent immunomodulatory, antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, analgesic, epithelisant, healing, prevents and treats periodontitis, depurativ and haemorrhage attributes. Pollen is general stimulant of the body, energizing, antioxidant, rebalances the intestinal flora, food liver, regulates body weight, remineralizant, antiallergic, negative effects of excessive stress, antigeriatric. Royal jelly is stimulant of stem cells, boosts immunity, increase performance and endurance, reduce fatigue, antibacterial, antiviral, restores skin and mucous membranes, prevents early aging, hormonal regulator, maintain normal brain function. Essential oils are aromatic volatile liquids have antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, antioxidant, immunomodulator/immunostimulant, regenerator, inflammatory and antispasmodic, analgesic, anesthetic, antiarrhythmic, anticoagulant hemostatic, cardiotonic, flebotonic,regulating endocrine limfotonic hepatoprotective (gonads, thyroid, adrenal,pancreas), tonic, stimulant (nervous and muscular) sedative, anxiolytic properties. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), lemon (Citrus limon), mint (Mentha piperita), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) and rose (Rosa arvensis) essential oils are use in “Apiaromatherapy” application with bee products, mostly. Administration of bee products in combination with essential oils could be used with internal and external (intranasal, enemas, masks dermocosmetics, compresses healing, intravaginal, gingival) applications. In general using of internal application, honey and water combined with essential oils for respiratory infections, insomnia, depression, anxiety problems. Using in external, essential oils combined with honey, propolis or pollen and then compressed or creamed. Combination of bee products and essential oils increase immunity system with their synergic effects. So, mixing of bee products with essential oils, improve the bioavailability of them more higher than using separately. The conglomeration of bee products and essential oils (Api-aromatherapy), gives our bodies the essential balanced nutrition for an over all physical and psychological well being

KEYWORDS Bee products, health, aromatherapy, essential oils

Corresponding Author: ZUMRUT ACİKGOZ, zumrut.acikgoz@ege.edu.tr 1 EGE UNİVERSİTY FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE DEPARTMENT OF ANİMAL SCİENCE

1329

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1281

SEVERAL PROPERTIES OF OILS EXTRACTED FROM TEREBINTH BY COLD PRESSING AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION 1

ŞEYMA İNCE , OSMAN KOLA , ZIYA GEVREK , NURTEN CENGİZ , MURAT REIS AKKAYA , HAŞIM KELEBEK , ALI 1 EMRAH ÇETİN

ABSTRACT Medicinal and aromatic plants are the botanical sources used for, maintaining human health, prevention and treatment of diseases. People have tried to cure diseases using plants or centuries. Because of the success in these attempts, the use of plants in treatment of disease has continued up to date. These medicinal plants are not only be used in medicine but they are also employed in nutrition, beverage and cosmetic industries, organic farming and animal breeding. Among 350,000 identified species, 35,000 are used for medicinal purposes. Only 5 % of these are chemically characterized. Turkey is the gene pool of several plants and it includes several geographical regions where endemic species grow. There has been special interest for the oils extracted by cold-pressing by consumers for the last decades. Oils which are generally used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has now started to be consumed in our meals. Since oils extracted by cold pressing are not exposed to high temperatures (maximum 40-50 °C), solvents are not employed for oil extraction and higher amounts of natural antioxidants, phosphatides, cerebrosides, carotenoids and phytosterols which are partly lost due to refining in conventional oil production are present in cold-pressed oils, these oils has received special interest in term of nutritional properties. Trebinth, a most-widely grown wild type of Pistachia in Turkey, is a good candidate for consumption as food according to its properties. Among these properties the oil content of trebinth is the most important. In this study, oils from terebinth were first extracted from trebinth seed by cold-pressing and solvent extraction, several properties of extracted oils were then characterized. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid ratios were determined by analyzing fatty acid compositions of the oils. The crude oil yield of terebinth was found to range between 30 and 35 %. Both protein and moisture contents of terebinth were determined as 5 % in average. Saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acid contents of terebinth oil obtained by cold pressing were 23.43, 38.08 and 28.26 %, respectively. Oil extracted by solvent extraction however had 9.99 % saturated, 23.81 % mono-unsaturated and 52.93 % poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acids in both oils obtained by cold pressing and solvent extraction were oleic (37.6 and 52.5 %, respectively), palmitic (21.1 and 20.4 %, respectively) and linoleic (26.9 and 15.5 %, respectively) acids. Additionally, free fatty acids, color, refractive index values were measured, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents of the oil were determined by DPPH and Folin methods. Total phenolic contents of oils extracted by cold-pressing and solvent extration were found to be 289.7 mgGA/L and 244.1 mgGA/L in average while total antioxidant capacity of respective oils were determined as 653.5 µmol TE/L and 547.3 µmol TE/L, respectively.

KEYWORDS Corresponding Author: ŞEYMA İNCE, seymainc@gmail.com 1 ADANA BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1330

Medicinal Aromatic Plant, Terebinth, Fatty Acid, Cold Pressing

1331

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1282

THE USE OF AROMATIC PLANT OILS IN THE PROCESSING OF TROUT EGGS AND THEIR EFFECT ON SENSORY PREFERENCES 1

BIBI AAISHAH OLLEE , ÖZKAN ÖZDEN

ABSTRACT Today’s consumers are more knowledgeable and careful about their health; this is why they avoid synthetic food additives (Mastromatteo et al., 2011; Holley and Patel, 2005). Therefore to reduce food borne pathogens new ways to reduce food borne illness must be put into practice, which can be used together with other hurdle technologies (Burt, 2004). Caviar can undergo pasteurisation but their taste is not well appreciated by consumers. Also, the salt concentration and storage temperatures are not always efficient to preserve caviar (Fioretto et al., 2005). The use of essential oils for food preservation has triggered a lot of interest (Holley and Patel, 2005). They are Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) and are good alternative to synthetic antibiotics (El et al., 2014). Essential oils have antimicrobial properties and can prolong the shelf-life of seafood alone or when used together with other processing techniques (Mejlholm and Dalgaard, 2002) and can inhibit food borne pathogens and spoilage microorganisms (Baydar et al., 2004). The fish roes were treated with thyme oil and lemon oil. To the control group, no essential oil was applied. Panelists were asked to evaluate the appearance, taste, texture and odour of the eggs. Out of the three groups, most of the panellists preferred the group which was treated with lemon oil. Using essential oils together with fish roe, both of which have functional properties ensures that the product is of the best quality and also might provide more benefits for human health by preventing some diseases. Furthermore, the taste of the product might also be enhanced and this might also create a new value added product.

KEYWORDS Aromatic Plants Oil, Trout eegs, Processing, Sensory

Corresponding Author: BİBİ AAİSHAH OLLEE, aaish0703@gmail.com 1 İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ 2 İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ

1332

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1283

THE USE OF ESSENTIAL OILS IN INCUBATOR DISINFECTION 1

İLKIN YÜCEL ŞENGÜN , BERNA ÖZTÜRK , ŞEYDA ŞENTÜRK

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to develop a novel disinfectant derived from natural sources. The formulation was prepared by combining equal portions of oregano, cinnamon and clove oils, which has fresh odor and previously confirmed antimicrobial properties. The solutions prepared at different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 6%) were sprayed in incubators. To detect the microbial density of incubator air, settle plates (30 min exposure) and air sampler (flow rate: 100 L/min) were used together. Air sampling was performed before and 2 h after disinfection. Prior to disinfection, the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria counts of incubator air were ranged from 35-43 CFU/plate for plates sampled by air sampler and 13-28 CFU/plate for settle plates. Mold and yeast counts of incubator air sampled by settle plates and air sampler were ranged between 3-8 CFU/plate and 1.5-5.5 CFU/plate, respectively. No growth was observed on mold and yeast plates inoculated after disinfection application in incubators. On the other hand, the formulation was found less effective on the total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count (maximum reduction of 82.9%) than mold and yeast count. The results indicated that the combination of essential oils could be effectively used in reducing the microbial loads of incubator air. This application could be especially useful to prevent the mold contaminations and also applicable for room disinfection.

KEYWORDS incubator, air, disinfection, essential oil, air sampler

Corresponding Author: İLKİN YÜCEL ŞENGÜN, ilkinyucel@yahoo.com 1 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1333

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1284

USING MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN FUNCTIONAL EGG PRODUCTION 1

ZUMRUT ACIKGOZ , BANU YUCEL

ABSTRACT Hen’s egg is a cheap, healthy and nutritious conventional food supplying several essential nutrients, excellent protein quality and low energy content. In addition, egg contains some biologically active compounds (lysozyme, ovalbumin, ovomucoid, ovomucin, ovotransferrin, cystatin, avidin, phosvitin etc.) which might have a role in the therapy and prevention of chronic and infectious diseases. In many scientific reports, it was indicated that these compounds has antimicrobial, immunomodulator, bone growth promoting, antioxidant, anticancer and antihypertensive properties. Taking into account the presence of all these components, the use of egg is becoming increasingly widespread in cosmetic, pharmacology, medicine, biotechnology, nutraceutical. Egg has been described (defined) as a “Nature’s original functional food” because of providing a number of benefical nutrients to sustain life and growth. Nevertheless, in recent years, egg industry is developing new functional eggs to meet the growing demands of health conscious consumers. In these eggs, some of biological active compounds are enhanced by dietary manuplation. Eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, carotenoids and minerals have attracted a lot of attention in nutritional sciences. The content of n-3 fatty acids in eggs could be increased by adding fish meal/oil, flaxseed (linseed), canola (rapeseed) and marine algae to diet. In egg enhanced with n-3 fatty acids, oxidavite sensitivity has increased and shelf life has been shortened. Thus, the antioxidant status should also be subjected in eggs altered fatty acid profile by dietary manuplation. Currently, natural antioxidants are in high demand because of their health-enhancing and disease-risk-preventing properties. Globally, medicinal and aromatic plants or their extracts has been supplemented to diets for improving the antioxidant capacity of eggs. In recent years, several in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted to determine the antioxidant effects of aromatic plants and spices, especially in cinnamon, cumin, laurel, mint, oregano, rosemary and sage. In this review, it would be given information about medicinal and aromatic plants or their extracts using in functional egg production.

KEYWORDS Functional egg, medicinal and aromatic plant, antioxidant.

Corresponding Author: ZUMRUT ACİKGOZ, zumrut.acikgoz@ege.edu.tr 1 EGE UNİVERSİTY FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE DEPARTMENT OF ANİMAL SCİENCE

1334

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1286

SEVERAL PROPERTIES OF OILS EXTRACTED FROM TEA SEEDS BY COLD PRESSING AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION 1

OSMAN KOLA , ŞEYMA İNCE , ZIYA GEVREK , HAŞIM KELEBEK , NURTEN CENGİZ , MURAT REIS AKKAYA , ALI 1 EMRAH ÇETİN

ABSTRACT Tea (Thea sinensis) is a plant classified under the species “sinensis” of “Thea” genus in “Theaceae” family. This plant, also known as “Camellia sinensis” by botanists. Although tea is native to Southern and South-Eastern Asia, it can be planted in tropical and subtropical regions. The first attempt in the plantation of tea in our country was made in the end of XIX. century. Inadequate knowledge of climatic conditions needed for tea plantation resulted in the failure of this attempt performed in Bursa. Later on, Rize was selected as a proper place for tea cultivation and first tea plantation was established by the efforts of Zihni Derin, ex-general director of Agricultural Affairs, using tea seeds and seedlings provided from Batum in 1924. The tea plantation, thus production of processed tea in our country has increased since 1940. The color and taste of the steeped tea almost results from the presence of secondary phenolic compounds. Two polyphenols; theaflavins and thearubigins have significant contributions to the properties of steeped tea. Additionally, glycosides, alkoloids, pectic substances and sugars are effective on the taste formation. The aroma of tea results from resinoids, essential oils, carotenes and the decomposition products of aminoacids. A group of compounds in lemon-yellow color and stringent in taste which can be easily solidifed and smelling like tea produces the aroma of tea. Another active compound found in tea, especially in tea seed, is oil. The oil found in tea seed has been reported to have antimicrobial, antithrombic, antispasmodic, carminative properties and to be effective in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It is known that tea seed oil has natural antioxidant activity and this is partly due to the presence of phenolic compounds in higher amounts. Oils obtained by cold pressing receive significant attention since they do not expose to higher temperatures (maximum 40-50 °C) and solvents during the production and they contain significant amounts of natural antioxidants, phosphatides, cerebrosides, carotenoids and phytosterols which are partly lost during refining in conventional oil production. Oils from tea seeds were extracted by cold pressing and solvent extraction and the several properties of these oils were characterized in this study. Crude oil yield of tea seeds obtained from Rize were found to be % 15 20. Total phenolic contents of tea seed oil obtained by cold-pressing and solvent extraction were determined as 125.3 mg GA/L and 219.1 mg GA/L. Total antioxidant capacities of tea seed oils however were 270 µmol TE/L and 489 µmol TE/L for cold-pressing and solvent extraction, respectively. Tea-seed oil extracted by cold-pressing were found to contain 19.3 % saturated fatty acids, 54.7 % mono-unsaturated and 24.7 % poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acid contents of oils obtained by solvent extraction were determined as 19.1, 53.9 and 25 %, respectively. Essential fatty acids found in oils extrated from tea seeds by cold pressing and solvent extraction were found to be oleic (53.3 and 52.8 %, respectively), linoleic (24.3 and 24 %, respectively) and palmitic (15.8 % for both) acids. Corresponding Author: OSMAN KOLA, okola@adanabtu.edu.tr 1 ADANA BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1335

KEYWORDS Tea seed, Antioxidant, Fenolic compounds, Fatty Acids, Cold Pressing

1336

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1287

TRACE ELEMENT AND FATTY ACID LEVELS OF FRITILLARIA PINARDII BOISS. PLANT SEED AND BULB 1

AHMET ÖZKAYA , AHMET ZAFER TEL , UMUT YILMAZ HAN

ABSTRACT Plants are important food sources for the people. Therefore, many studies are devoted to quality and nutritional values of plant [1]. Fatty acids and trace elements are very important for human life [2, 3]. The levels of fatty acid and trace element of Fritillaria pinardii BOISS seed and bulb in Turkey were determined by using ICP-OES, and GC, respectively. In this study, we performed first literaturally known fatty acid and trace element analyses of the Fritillaria pinardii. These plants were collected from Adiyaman/Nemrut mountain. After the plants were picked up, they were naturally dried in a shady. Among fatty acid levels of the plant bulb, at highest rates, was found containing 18.30% palmitic acid, 15.01% stearic acid, 19.71% oleic acid, 9.23% eicosatrienoic acid and 8.74% docosahexaenoic acid. The plant bulb was found containing Ni, Zn, Cr Ba, Al, Cu, Fe, and Mn, with respective quantities of 1.17, 24.45, 1.89, 8.15, 5.94, 0.75, 8.57, 19.69 μg/g, and K, Na at 19.56, 0.01 mg/g (dry matter) quantities, respectively. The fatty acids contained in the seed of that plant were found to be 14.23% palmitic acid, 4.13% stearic acid and 17.01% oleic acid, 53.59% linoleic acid and 2.93% alfa-linolenic acid. In the seed of plant, the quantities of Ni, Zn, Cr, Ba, Al, Cu, Fe and Mn were determined as 2.22, 27.26, 1.39, 15.27, 40.95, 3.47, 79.81, 32.62 μg /g, respectively while the quantities of K and Na levels were at 43.47, 0.07 mg/g (dry matter). From these results, it can be important for the future medicinal studies. Key Words: Fritillaria pinardii, element, fatty acid REFERENCES [1] H. Yeilaghi, A. Arzani, M. Ghaderian, R. Fotovat, M. Feizi, and S. S. Pourdad, “Effect of salinity on seed oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes,” Food Chemistry, vol. 130, no. 3, pp. 618–625, 2012. [2] O. B. Citil, E. Tulukcu, and A. Kocak, “A comparative study of the fatty-acid composition of Sesamum indicum oil obtained from different provinces in Turkey,” Chemistry of Natural Compounds, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 98–100, 2011. [3] T. Sabudak, “Fatty acid composition of seed and leaf oils of pumpkin, walnut, almond, maize, sunflower and melon,” Chemistry of Natural Compounds, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 465–467, 2007. Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the ADYUBAP project, number FEFYL 2012/0011.

KEYWORDS Fritillaria pinardii, element, fatty acid

1337

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1288

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN FRUITS OF SOME EGGPLANT (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.) CULTIVARS* 1

BELGIZAR KARAYIGIT , SEMA HAYIRLIOGLU-AYAZ , AYNUR KURT , NESRIN COLAK , FAIK AHMET AYAZ

ABSTRACT Aim of the study: Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most commonly consumed vegetable crops worldwide, and one with important beneficial effects on human health. These benefits are mainly due to eggplant’s highly bioactive antioxidant constituents, such as phenolic compounds including flavonoids and anthocyanins. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity of seven commercial eggplant fruits in Turkey. Materials and Methods: The seeds of seven common eggplant cultivars (Aydın siyahı, Pala 49, Super pala, Kemer 27, Kadife kemer, Topan, and Kadife) were grown in soil, and seedlings were obtained from each cultivar using standard cultivation techniques for eggplant. The fruits were harvested when they reached commercial market size. The fruit was treated with liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 ºC until analysis. Standard methods were used to determine total phenolic compounds (TPC), flavonoid (TF) and anthocyanin (TACY) contents and antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC) values. All results were expressed as dry weight (dw). Results: The TPC content (mg GA/100 g) in the cvs. ranged from 1019.51 to 613.20 (average, 862.58), and the TF content (mg QE/100 g) from 244.76 to 184.13 (average, 225.86). Super pala had the highest TPC and TF contents (1019.51 and 244.76 mg/100 g, respectively). The highest TACY content was determined in Kemer 27 (221.02 mg/100 g) eggplant. DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 54.30 to 37.31 μmol TEAC/g, FRAP from 106.93 to 53.83 μmol TEAC/g and CUPRAC from 126.11 to 50.57 μMol TEAC/g. Super pala had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (54.30 μmol TEAC/g), and FRAP (106.93 μmol TEAC/g) and CUPRAC (126.11 μmol TEAC/g) levels. In conclusion, eggplant can be beneficial to human health because of its high phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity values. *Acknowledgment: Financial support for this study was provided by the Research Fund of Karadeniz Technical University in Turkey (Project No: 2008.111.004.04 ).

KEYWORDS Eggplant, Solanum melongena, Antioxidant, Phenolic, Anthocyanin

Corresponding Author: BELGİZAR KARAYIGIT, belgizar.06@gmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1338

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1289

DEVELOPMENTS IN MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANT PRODUCTION IN TURKEY 1

SIBEL KADIOĞLU , BANU KADIOĞLU , GÖKHAN TAŞĞIN

ABSTRACT Day by day attention to medicinal and aromatic plants increases causing rise in commerce and production of these plants. Turkey has features of three old continents and flora of three phytogeography. Turkey’s flora includes many herbal products that constitute input for herbal medicine, herbal chemicals, food and additives, cosmetics and fragrance industry of developed countries. A significant part of rich plant diversity is used as medicinal and aromatic plants. Medicinal and aromatic plants that are collected from the nature and cultured have a lot of economic potential. Among agricultural plants, opium, cumin, anise, thyme and rose (for oil) take place on top. In addition, it is not possible to reach the data for the plants that have small breading areas and production amount. According to the data of TUIK, in Turkey although the breading area of medicinal and aromatic plants (poppy (seed/capsule), lupin hop, melissa, nettle, sage, rose (for oil), lavender, anise, cumin, thyme, blackcumin, fenugreek, fennel, coriander, heather, capers, dill, parsley, mint, purslane, rocket, water cress, sweet potato ) was 93.633 ha in 2016 that is 2.401 ha less than the previous year, production decreased by 3.809 tones. For all that an increase is seen in the last five years. Poppy, cumin and thyme contributed a lot to the increase in the breading area and production amount. Additionally, increase in blackcumin and fenugreek cannot be denied. When compared to other countries it is seen that Turkey cannot benefit economically from rich medicinal and aromatic plant diversity. For sustainable production of medicinal and aromatic plants, agriculture should become widespread.

KEYWORDS Medicinal and aromatic plant, collecting from nature, production, plant diversity

Corresponding Author: SİBEL KADIOĞLU, sibel.kadioglu@hotmail.com 1 DOĞU ANADOLU TARIMSAL ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ

1339

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1290

HYALURONIC ACID EXTRACTION FROM KOMBUCHA SYMBIOSIS 1

SIBEL BAYIL OĞUZKAN , İBRAHIM HALIL KILIÇ , SINA AKAN GÜMÜŞBURUN , SAMI SERHAT TOSUN , BEKIR 1 SIDDIK KURT

ABSTRACT Kombucha is a kind of mushroom tea which can be used to alternative drug in folk remedies. Kombucha was originated East Asian firstly and then coming to Russian. Kombucha mushroom is living a solution of sugar and varieties organism and produce continously. Kombucha contains over 50 different kinds of probiotics, organic enzymes, amino acids and vitamins components. Especially, kombucha contains hyaluronic acid and glucosamine which is why it’s so effective in relieving joint pain. Hyaluronic acid is a linner polysaccharide which used to be cilinically drug and dermatology. Previous studies were found to hyaluronic acid in kombucha symbiosis and generally using at cosmetic industry effectively. In our laboratories we produced the kombucha mushroom suitable fermatation and conditions so that we had so many kombucha teas for drinking and testing. In this project, we will be try to ısolated from hyaluronic acid both of kombucha mushrooms and teas firstly. After that we are going to purity of hyaluronic acid from kombucha samples and prepare the most suitable extraction of hyaluronic acid. GC-MS and HPLC will be used for structure and quantities of samples How the hyaluronic acid will be determined in kombucha samples then need to compare with commercially hyaluronic acid. Also some biological parameters as DNA protection activity and antmicrobial activities will be find from this extractions. We believe that this project is very important for cosmetic and drug industry.

KEYWORDS Kombucha, Hyaluronic acid, GC-MS, HPLC

Corresponding Author: SİBEL BAYIL OĞUZKAN, gokayoguzkan@gmail.com 1 GAZİANTEP ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1340

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1291

ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF CHONDRILLA JUNCEA L. FROM İSTANBUL 1

MEHMET ÖZDEMIR , HÜSEYIN SERVI

ABSTRACT Chondrilla juncea of Asteraceae is an invasive plant species native to Europe, Asia and North Africa. This plant finds edible use in the Mediterranean countries. However there is only few reports on the chemistry of this species. Previously isolation of triterpene, phenolic and sesquiterpene glycoside types of compounds were reported from C. juncea. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the essential oil composition of C. juncea. Chondrilla juncea was collected during the flowering period from İstanbul. Essential oil was obtained with a clevenger apparatus by 3h distillation. Yield of the essential oil was <0.01%. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil was performed with an Agilent 5977 MSD system operating in EI mode. Essential oil sample was diluted 1:10 (v:v) with n-hexane. Injector and MS transfer line temperatures were set at 300 and 250˚C respectively. Splitless injection was employed. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium as carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used in GC-MS analyses. Oven temperature was programmed to 60˚C for 10 min. and raised to 220˚C at rate of 4˚C/min. Temperature kept constant at 220˚C for 10 min. and then raised to 240˚C at a rate of 1˚C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35 to 425. Relative percentage amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms. Identification of essential oil components were carried out by comparison of their relative retention indices (RRI) obtained by series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30) to the literature and with mass spectra comparison. Thirty six compounds were identified representing 87.5% of the essential oil of Chondrilla juncea. The main components of Chondrilla juncea were identified as hexadecanoic acid 20.2%, heneicosane 18.2%, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone 5.4%, octadecane 5.2%, heptacosane 4.5% and phytol 3.7%.

KEYWORDS Chondrilla juncea, essential oil, hexadecanoic acid, heneicosane, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone

Corresponding Author: MEHMET ÖZDEMİR, mehmetozdemir@ogm.gov.tr 1 TC ORMAN GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ, MARMARA ORMANCILIK ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTİÜSÜ, ORGANİK KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ

1341

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1292

ESSENTIAL OILS OF SOME SPICES AND MEDICINAL PLANTS 1

ASLI ÇELİKEL , M. SERDAR AKIN , K. BURCU BÜYÜKKILIÇ

ABSTRACT Essential oils are generally volatile and odourus mixture that are liquid form in normally, which is obtained by, water, or water vapor distillation solvent extraction and pression method from plants or some parts. Many substances of essential oils are widely has been used in the food, pharmaceutical, paint, mining and cosmetic industries. Essential oils have anti-spasm, irritant, antiseptic, mutagenic, antimutagenic and antimicrobial properties. There are also many researches have been effects of essential oils against on the microorganisms which cause food spoilage and poisoning. The composition and amount of essential oils are cahged depens plant’s type, plant’s part, the region, the production place and production methods. Some of plant species widely produced in the World are sage, carnation, saffron, turmeric, cinnamon, etc., and contained essential oil. About 500 of Sage species have been identified so far. These species are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It contains essential oil components such α-tuyo of sage, β-tuyo of 1.8-cineol, camphor, borneol and β- pinene etc. Studies have shown that essential oils containing tuyen, camphor and caryophile in sage (Salvia officinalis) have antifungal activity. It was determined that ρ + β tuyen, 1,8cineol, limonene and camphor materials ,which constitute the main components of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) essential oil, did not show mutagenic properties when they used separately. But if they used together, they would give positive results except antimutagenicity tests (except camphor) Cloves have appetizing, digestive stimulant and antiseptic properties. Overall it have included essential oil components of eugenol, caryophyllene, eugenyl acetate, humulrn, ylang and methoxybenzaldehyde. Studies have shown that mixtures of cloves, thyme, mint and lemon essential oils reduce the number of Clostridium perfringens. Saffron is a dried stigma of Crocus sativus L species. It’s the most important essential oil is safranal. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L. (saffron root, Indian saffron)) is commonly used instead of saffron plant as a spice. The most important components of turmeric essential oil are Turmeron, zingiberen, kurukumen, bizabolen, zingeron, atlaton, kurkumin, 1.8 cineol, α-felandren, caryophyllene, p-cymene and farnesen. It has been reported that the component of curcumin essential oil obtained from Curcuma longa L plant had strong antioxidant activity. Cinnamon is obtained from the dried shell of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae) type plant. Ibn-i Sina reported in the book al-Kânûn fî't-Tıbb that the effects of cinnamon are refreshing and heating up and eliminated the bad effects of diseases. Some important essential oil components found in cinnamon are cinnamic aldehyde, eugenol, cinnamyl, acetate and hydrocyanic aldehyde. Mint (Menta) plant contains significant amount of essential oil and main components of its essential oil are menthol, menthol, menthofuran, menthyl acetate, γ -terpinene, α - and β -pinene, 1,8-cineole, limonene, linalool, ethyl amylcarbinol, pulegone and piperidone. It has been reported that different types of mint have some positive effects on humans such as antimicrobial, antispasmodic, coleretic, carminative.

Corresponding Author: ASLI ÇELİKEL, acelikel2@gmail.com 1 HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ, GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ, ŞANLIURFA

1342

KEYWORDS Essential oils, Sage, Cinnamon, Mint, Clove.

1343

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1293

"KANLICA MASHROOM" THAT A WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOM VARIETIES FROM KASTAMONU: SPECIES, FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES AND ALTERNATIVE USES 1

RABIA ATASOY , MÜGE HENDEK ERTOP

ABSTRACT Wild edible mushrooms have been collected and consumed by people for their nutritional value and they are occasionally consumed for their supposed medicinal value. They are known as highly valued non-wood forest products today, thus wild edible mushrooms have played an important role in providing new sources of income in the whole World. Turkey has also very large variety of wild edible mushroom, especially in Black Sea Region. Kanlıca mushroom, also known as pine mushroom and Çintar mushroom, is from Russulaceae family. It has Lactarius deliciosus, Lactarius deterrimus,Lactarius salmonicolor and Lactarius semisanguifiluus species. It is seen in leafy tree forests, pine forests and meadows in the world, after spring and autumn rains. It is grown in Kastamonu, Sinop, Bursa and Balıkesir in the interior parts of the West and Central Black Sea. It is among the wild edible mushrooms and has an important place among the non-wood forest products in Kastamonu. The mushroom has local consuming causes and consumption patterns around Kastamonu.The vast majority of harvest and consumption takes place in August and November by the local people from their natural environment. Moreover, conservation in saline water is quite common.The direct consumption is not appropriate since it has a bitter taste.It is usually consumed after boiling in water. The taste resembles meat. The mushroom boiling water is also used for facial treatment for acne treatmentby the local people. Kanlıca mushroom is a protein source, and rich in amino acids, mineral substances and vitamins (B1, B2, C vitamins and niasin). Morphologically and visually it is quite different from cultured mushrooms and many wild mushrooms. It has 5-15 cm diameter and the middle part is concave.The mushroom hat is orange and yellow, the lamellas are reddish yellow and white, and the handle is wine red and turmeric.They are characterized by the unique ability to produce a red milky fluid, if cut or broken. The crumb of Kanlıca mushroom is fruitsmelling, soft, reddish yellow-white. In this study, the types of Kanlıca mushroom in Kastamonu region, food and non-food alternative consumption reasons and functional qualities have been investigated.

KEYWORDS Wild edible mushrooms, Kanlıca mushroom, Çintar, pine mushroom, Kastamonu

Corresponding Author: MÜGE HENDEK ERTOP, mugeertop@kastamonu.edu.tr 1 KASTAMONU ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK VE MİMARLIK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

1344

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1294

PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF ENDEMIC TRIPLEUROSPERMUM BAYTOPIANUM AND T. REPENS (ASTERACEAE) FROM TURKEY* 1

BELGIZAR KARAYIGIT , HUSEYIN INCEER , NESRIN COLAK , SEMA HAYIRLIOGLU-AYAZ , FAIK AHMET AYAZ

ABSTRACT Aim of the study: Many edible plants play a protective role in the maintenance of human health due to the antioxidant properties of their biologically active compounds known as “plant phenolics”. They also contribute an important part of plant secondary compounds with a significant impact on defense mechanisms in plants. The genus Triplepleurospermum (Asteraceae) is of considerable medicinal value. Its phytocehmical profiles, mostly consisting of volatile/oil components, exhibit a range of health benefits including anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiulcer and antioxidant activities. This study investigated the phenolic compounds content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of endemic T. baytopianum E. Hossain and T. repens (Freyn & Sint.) Bornm. for the first time in the literature. Materials and Methods: T. baytopianum and T. repens specimens were collected from different habitats in Turkey. The whole plant, including root, shoot and leaf, was fully dried in the shade at room temperature and low humidity and stored until analysis. The capitulum was separated and used in the extraction procedures. TPC and AC values assayed with DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) were measured using standard methods published elsewhere. Results were expressed as dry weight (dw) units. Results: TPC and AC values differed significantly between the species. TPC content was 32.8 mg GA/g dw in caitulum in T. repens, higher than in T. baytopianum (14.1 mg GA/g DW). AC values (µmol TE/g dw, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP) also differed between the species. T. repens exhibited higher AC values (4.2 DPPH, 12.0 FRAP and 3.7 CUPRAC) than T. baytopianum (2.0, 8.1 and 2.8 , respectively). *Acknowledgments: The authors thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, project no: 102T162) for its financial support.

KEYWORDS Antioxidant, Tripleurospermum baytopianum, Tripleurospermum repens, Phenolics, Antioxidant

Corresponding Author: BELGİZAR KARAYIGIT, belgizar.06@gmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY

1345

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1295

ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF SCILLA AUTUMNALIS L. FROM İSTANBUL 1

MESUT TANDOĞAN , HÜSEYIN SERVI

ABSTRACT Previously essential oil composition of Scilla autumnalis was not reported. However there is considerable amount of report on the chemistry of non-volatile secondary metabolites of Scilla species. Until now homoflavonoids, stilbenoids, alkaloids and cardiac glycosides were isolated from Scilla species. Scilla autumnalis was collected during the flowering period from İstanbul. Essential oil was obtained with a clevenger apparatus by 3h distillation. Yield of the essential oil was <0.01%. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil was performed with an Agilent 5977 MSD system operating in EI mode. Essential oil sample was diluted 1:10 (v:v) with n-hexane. Injector and MS transfer line temperatures were set at 300 and 250˚C respectively. Splitless injection was employed. Innowax FSC column (60 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness) and helium as carrier gas (1 mL/min) were used in GC-MS analyses. Oven temperature was programmed to 60˚C for 10 min. and raised to 220˚C at rate of 4˚C/min. Temperature kept constant at 220˚C for 10 min. and then raised to 240˚C at a rate of 1˚C/min. Mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV with the mass range m/z 35 to 425. Relative percentage amounts of the separated compounds were calculated from integration of the peaks in MS chromatograms. Identification of essential oil components were carried out by comparison of their relative retention indices (RRI) obtained by series of n-alkanes (C5 to C30) to the literature and with mass spectra comparison. The GC-MS analysis of S. autumnalis essential oil presented the main components as heptacosane 21.5%, pentacosane 12.5%, nonacosane 7.3%, hexadecanoic acid 4.0%, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone 3.4% and hexadecanoic acid methyl ester 2.7%.

KEYWORDS Scilla autumnalis, essential oil, heptacosane, pentacosane, nonacosane

Corresponding Author: MESUT TANDOĞAN, mesuttandogan@ogm.gov.tr 1 TC ORMAN GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ, MARMARA ORMANCILIK ARAŞTIRMA ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ 2 YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTİÜSÜ, ORGANİK KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ

1346

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1296

CORIANDER SEED OIL: THE BENEFITS ON SKIN REGENERATION 1

AHSEN SEVDE ÇINAR , ALEV ÖNDER

ABSTRACT Coriandrum sativum L. belongs to the Apiaceae family, but its origins are still indefinite. The Coriander genus was represented in Flora of Turkey with two different species as C. sativum and C. tordylium. The major component was determined as linalool (% 60-70) in the essential oil of the coriander. It also contains fatty acids, coumarins, flavonoids, polyphenols in the extracts. Moreover, it is known as a medicinal plant used in many disorders. The coriander has been used in various fields especially in food and pharmaceutical markets. This current study is concentrated on methods of obtaining essential or fatty oils from coriander seeds for use in prescriptions. That is why, we believe that in this presentation we will put forward the features of the skin regeneration, derive the methods of obtaining and we will discover all the interesting effects of coriander, discover effects together with formulations.

KEYWORDS Apiaceae, Coriander, Oil, Coriandrum

Corresponding Author: AHSEN SEVDE ÇINAR, cinarahsen@gmail.com 1 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ

1347

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1298

SUGARS AND ORGANIC ACIDS IN BERRIES OF ERZINCAN BLACK GRAPE (VITIS VINIFER 1

AYNUR KURT , SEMA HAYIRLIOGLU-AYAZ , NESRIN COLAK , ERDAL AKPINAR , FAIK AHMET AYAZ

ABSTRACT Aim of the study: Grapes (Vitis spp.) are one of the most important and nutritious horticultural crops. They are often used in diets and are widely regarded as beneficial for human health and as preventing various degenerative diseases due to their polyphenol content. Sugars and organic acids are natural components of black grapes and play a significant role in determining nutritional value and maintaining fruit quality, flavor and stability. The Erzincan black grape (Vitis vinifera ‘Karaerik’) is a patented and certified agricultural product in Turkey. The aim of this study was to examine some physicochemical (pH, TA, etc.) parameters and the sugars and organic acids in different parts of the black grape, which grows naturally in Erzincan province, Turkey. Materials and Methods: Grape berry samples, at commercial maturity stage randomly harvested from different locations in Erzincan, were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. Sugars and organic acids in the grape berry parts were separated and quantified using HPLC and the physicochemical parameters measured by using standard published methods (pH, TA, MC, DM, FD, etc.) All results were expressed as fresh weight (fw). Results: The pH values and TA contents in berries of the black grape were 3.50 and 0.59 g citric acid/100 g, respectively. The berry diameter (FD, 20.17%), moisture content (MC, 81.06%) and dry matter (DM, 17.51%) were also determined. Fructose (peel, whole grape and seed; 188.86, 126.05, and 13.69 g/kg fw, respectively) and glucose (peel, whole grape and seed; 152.6, 105.6, and 9.9 g/kg fw, respectively) were the most abundant sugars, and tartaric acid (peel, whole grape and seed; 6.78, 2.81, and 1.98 g/kg fw, respectively) and malic acid (peel, whole grape and seed; 2.6, 2.6, and 6.87 g/kg fw, respectively) were the major organic acids identified. In conclusion, the black grape contains high levels of fructose and can be used as part of a healthy diet since the consumption of fructose-rich foods is recommended. *Acknowledgment: Financial support for this study was provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK- Project number: 115Z365).

KEYWORDS Grape, Vitis vinifera, Sugar, Organic acid

Corresponding Author: AYNUR KURT, aynur-leyla@hotmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY 2 ERZİNCAN UNİVERSİTY

1348

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1299

HERBAL NUTRACEUTICALS 1

K.BURCU BÜYÜKKILIÇ , M. SERDAR AKIN , BÜŞRA GÖNCÜ

ABSTRACT Nutraceutical, a portmanteau of the words “nutrient” and “pharmaceutical”, was coined by Stephen DeFelice, who defined nutraceuticals as “foods (or part of a food) that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and/or treatment of a disease”. The European Nutraceutical Association (ENA) defines nutraceuticals as substances that markedly contrast pharmaceuticals, which are “synthetic substances or chemical compounds formulated for specific indications”. Nutraceuticals are, hence, “nutritional products that provide health and medical benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease”. There are numerous classifications and categorizations of nutraceuticals, functional foods and dietary supplements. In the case of nutraceuticals and functional foods, however, consumer acceptance is considered to be overwhelmingly positive throughout the US, Canada, Europe and Japan, though Europeans tend to be more critical of new food products and technologies. Functional foods and beverages for cholesterol and diabetes, cognitive functions, are those related to the digestive system. Most common nutraceuticals are dietary support products, minerals and vitamins, protein and herbal support. Another type of compounds commonly referred to as “nutraceuticals” which also present a nutritional value are pre- and probiotics. Tea, rosemary, soybean, flaxseed, yellow centaur, tomato, garlic, ginkgo, echinacea, ginseng, dietary fiber are some important herbal nutraceuticals. The effective components of tomato, grape seed, green tea and soybeans are lycopene, resveratrol, EGCG (Epigallocatechin gallate) and isoflavones, respectively, which are considered as nutraceuticals. Herbal nutraceuticals can be used as food supplements.

KEYWORDS Nutraceuticals, herbal nutraceuticals, effective components

Corresponding Author: K.BURCU BÜYÜKKILIÇ, brcbykklc@gmail.com 1 HARRAN UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE DEPT. OF FOOD ENGİNEERİNG, ŞANLIURFA, TURKEY

1349

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1300

THE INVESTIGATION OF SOME YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.) CULTIVARS GROWN IN YOZGAT ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 1

HÜLYA DOĞAN , BELGIN COŞGE ŞENKAL , CÜNEYT CESUR , TANZER ERYILMAZ , SELEN ALNIAK SEZER , 3 2 2 MURAT KADIR YEŞİLYURT , TANSU USKUTOĞLU , CENNET YAMAN

ABSTRACT Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), which is a member of the Papaveraceae, this is both a medicinal and edible oil plant. There are 5 genus in Turkey belonging to this family. The poppy plant (Papaver somniferum L.) is been the purple and white flowers, with a closed capsule, annual, and herbaceous plant with a length of 60-200 cm. Turkey which import oil seed sand crude oils every year for the Exchange pay sout over 1,5 billion dolar is a net importer of the oil seed sand crude oils. There is a great vegetable oil in our country and the amount of imported 755 thousand tons of raw vegetable oil per year is 1542 thousand tons imported from abroad. With increased demand for oil and vegetable oil for fuel needed in our country, increased the production of oil seeds is required. For the cultivation of poppy, Turkey has a very favorable climatic and soil conditions. Seed and oil yield, fatty acid composition and oil – fuel related characteristics, which areaffected by variety and environmental conditions. In this study, registered in our country 2 poppy varieties (Ofis-8 ve TMO-1) aimed to determine in Yozgat ecological conditions the morphological characteristics such as plant height, capsule yield per plant, capsule width, capsule length, capsule yield, seed yield and weight of 1000 seeds and oil ratio in varieties were examined. The highest yield in this study, carried out between 2015 and 2016, was obtained from TMO-1.

KEYWORDS Poppy, variety, Yozgat, yield, oil rate

Corresponding Author: SELEN ALNIAK SEZER, selenalniak@gmail.com 1 BOZOK ÜNİVERSİTESİ TEKNİK BİLİMLER MESLEK YÜKSEKOKULU 2 BOZOK ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ 3 BOZOK ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK MİMARLIK FAKÜLTESİ

1350

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1303

USE OF GOJI BERRY AS FUNCTIONAL FOOD 1

K.BURCU BÜYÜKKILIÇ , MUTLU B. AKIN , ASLI ÇELİKEL

ABSTRACT Goji berry is a perennial woody plant belonging to the family Goji berry solanaceae and has two species, Lycium barbarum L. and Lycium chinense L.. These are the two closest color box types found in Solanaceae, in the abstract family. The family includes potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, belladonna, pepper and tobacco. Originated from the Asian continent, this plant is now produced in China's Tibetan region. Goji berry (Wolfberry, Lycium barbarum) grows about 1-3 meters in length. Goji berry is 1-2 cm long, bright orange-red elliptical fruit. The Goji berry contains 68% carbohydrate, 12% protein, 10% lipid and 10% fiber. Vitamins and minerals are also rich in Goji berry. It contains beta-sitosterol, Vitamin B complex, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Zeaksatin, Carotenoids, Beta-sitosterol, Cyperone, Solavetivone, Physalin, Betaine, and a large number of phenolic acids and. Lycium barbarum (Goji fruit or wolfberries, Solanaceae family) is a chemical rich resource with health promoting properties, Goji berry, used in liver, kidney and eye treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, has become very popular over the past few years with its nutritional value and content. As a result of the clinical studies, there was a decrease in the complaints of goji berry patients neurological / psychological features, joint / muscle functions, sleep quality, ability activities, gastrointestinal system problems, fatigue, headache, depression, diabetes, glucoma, impaired concentration, memory loss and shortness of breath. These recent studies show that Goji Berry has anti-aging, anti-myelosuppression, pro-apoptotic, anti-tumor, neuroprotective effect, immunomodulation, blood sugar and serum lipid lowering effects besides antioxidant effect. While Goji berry offers many benefits and advantages in terms of health, it can have some side effects depending on the person's health conditions and consumption pattern. Goji fruit is harmful to diabetes patients because it affects the functioning of the pancreas and the production of insulin. Goji berry, blood thinner like warfarin, prevents blood clotting. It can negatively affect the body's blood pressure levels and cause hypertension. Excessive consumption can lead to severe side effects such as dizziness, eye disturbance, blurred vision and hallucinations. Since the beginning of the 21st century, interest in wolfberries has increased due to innovation and the value of the foreseen food. Goji berry plant can be widely consumed in the form of dried fruit, marmalade or fruit juice. Goji berry can be used as functional food because of its high antioxidant and phenolic content.

KEYWORDS Goji Berry, composition, health benefits, functional food

Corresponding Author: K.BURCU BÜYÜKKILIÇ, brcbykklc@gmail.com 1 1HARRAN UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF AGRİCULTURE DEPT. OF FOOD ENGİNEERİNG, ŞANLIURFA, TURKEY

1351

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1304

POLYAMINES AND PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT IN THE FRUIT OF NATURALLY GROWING MALUS SLYVESTRIS L. IN GÜMÜŞHANE (TURKEY)* 1

AYNUR KURT , NESRIN COLAK , AHMET COLAK , YAKUP KOLCUOGLU , FAIK AHMET AYAZ

ABSTRACT Aim of the study: Antioxidants are disease-fighting compounds that help prevent and repair oxidation damage. Phenolic compounds and polyamines also exhibit various therapeutic effects (such as diuretic properties, toxin removal and reducing the risk of cancer). Apple is in great demand by consumers in all countries due to its high phenolic and polyamine content. The purpose of this study was to determine the polyamines and total phenolics of a wild type of increasingly cultivated apple (locally known as the Methods: Apple samples of the same maturity to be used in analyses were collected from different habitats in Gümüşhane. These were treated with liquid nitrogen and then stored at -80° C until analysis. Standard methods of analysis were used to determine polyamine and phenolic contents in the peel and flesh. Results: The polyamine (nmol per 1 g fw) with the highest content in the Gümüşhane apple was spermidine in the peel and flesh (188.27 and 79.45, respectively), while putrescine represented the least abundant polyamine in the fruit parts (35.17 and 21.61, respectively). The total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents in the fruit evaluated were 3267.66 and 200.94 mg 100 g1 in peel and 1614.66 and 14.24 mg 100 g-1 of fw in the flesh. Apple peel exhibited higher antioxidant activity (μM Trolox equivalents (TE)/g fw) than the flesh; antioxidant capacity values in peel were 0.37 for DPPH and 22.51 for FRAP. In conclusion, the apple cv that grows naturally in Gümüşhane and that is also increasingly widely cultivated has high polyamine and phenolic contents. It may also be beneficial to human health and have good commercial potential as a promising antioxidant for use in food preparation. *Acknowledgment: Financial support for this study was provided by the Research Fund of Karadeniz Technical University (KTU-BAP Project No: 6443).

KEYWORDS Apple, Malus sylvestris, Phenolics, Polyamines

Corresponding Author: AYNUR KURT, aynur-leyla@hotmail.com 1 KARADENİZ TECHNİCAL UNİVERSİTY

1352

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1305

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF POMEGRANATE PEEL EXSTRACTS 1

AIŞE ÜNLÜ , ŞULE ŞAHİN ÜN , SAIM OK

ABSTRACT Mastitis is an intramammary infectious disease that is common in dairy cattle farming all over the world and causes major economic losses in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most prevalent contagious pathogens causing clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis [1, 2]. S. aureus has a great ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics, in particular to methicillin. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen emerging in community and livestock as well as hospitals [3]. Even though pharmacological industries have produced a number of new synthetic antibiotics in the last three decades, antibiotic resistance of microorganisms against these drugs has also increased [4]. There has been an increasing interest in recent years on antimicrobial compounds obtained from natural sources that are not toxic and with lesser costs rather than developing new synthetic antibiotics to combat the disease. The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments in the last few years. Pomegranate is a good natural resource of pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and biologically active ingredients showing high antioxidant properties as well. Pomegranate peel methanol extract contains high concentration of tannins, like punicalin and punicalagin, elagic acid and gallic acid showing antioxidant activity [5] . In the current contribution, phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel were obtained using alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extractions. The antimicrobial effect of these extracts against five S.aureus strains, isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis, was also investigated using agar well-diffusion method and minimum inhibition concentration. It has been observed that the pomegranate peel extracts have antimicrobial effect on all microorganisms, giving inhibition zones ranging in size from 14 mm to 22 mm. The MIC values for active pomegranate extracts ranged between 0.0625-0.25 mg/ml. The current results show that pomegranate peel extracts have a potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent against MRSA. References: 1. YANG, F., et al., Penicillinresistant characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Gansu, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2017. 16(2): p. 60345-7. 2. Marques, V.F., et al., Biofilm production and beta-lactamic resistance in Brazilian Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 2017. 48(1): p. 118-124. 3. Sowash, M.G. and A.-C. Uhlemann, Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus case studies. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Protocols, 2014: p. 25-69. 4. Thenmozhi, M. and S. Rajeshwari, Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of Polyalthia longifolia. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2010. 1(3): p. 1-7. 5. Howell, A.B. and D.H. D'Souza, The pomegranate: effects on bacteria and viruses that influence human health. EvidenceBased Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013. 2013.

Corresponding Author: AİŞE ÜNLÜ, aakpinar@gtu.edu.tr 1 GEBZE TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 GOLDEN JUİCE OLİVE OİL COMPANY

1353

KEYWORDS Pomegranate, Subclinical mastitis, S.aureus, MRSA, Antimicrobial agent

1354

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1307

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL MACROFUNGI 1

ÜLÜYE DUDU GÜL , ÖZLEM COŞDAN , MERVE ERYILMAZ

ABSTRACT Today, antimicrobial agents are commonly used against infections but the frequently usage of these substances caused that pathogens gain resistance to them and reduced the effect of these substances. In order to come over this problem, most of the researchers try to find new organisms that produce antimicrobial agents. Until today some studies have done about medicinal plants showing antimicrobial activity. Some fungal strains are investigated that produce antimicrobal agents. One study reported that the ethyl acetate obtained from extracts of macrofungi called Russula delica had antimicrobial activity on Corynebacterium xerosis. Another study showed that Reishi extracts had antimicrobial activity on fish pathogens called Listonella anguillarum and Yersinia ruckei. Another study investigated that the essential lipid chemical compourd called Levofloxaci obtained from dried misels of G. japanicum fungi showed antimicrobial activity on methicilin resistant straints of S. aureus and E. coli. The results of these studies showed that some of the macrofungi produced agents showing antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal vs. activity. The agents obtained from macrofungi are useful for human to treat infections. The aim of this study is to examine the fungi that showed antimicrobial activity in literature. The results obtained this study showed that there is not enough study on this subject. New researches are needed for future about antimicrobial activity of macrofungi.

KEYWORDS Antimicrobial activity, Macrofungi, Pathogen

Corresponding Author: ÜLÜYE DUDU GÜL, ulkuyedudugul@gmail.com 1 BİLECİK ŞEYH EDEBALİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1355

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1308

POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF NATURAL DISTRIBUTED TWO DAUCUS (APIACEAE) TAXA IN TURKEY 1

İSMÜHAN POTOĞLU ERKARA , ONUR KOYUNCU , FILIZ SAVAROĞLU

ABSTRACT This study aims to find out palynological properties of Daucus broteri Ten. and Daucus guttatus that are grown in Osmaneli (Bilecik). For palynological analysis of plant materials, pollen preparations of each taxon were prepared for light microscopy research according to the Wodehouse and Erdtman methods and measurement of the morphological characters of pollen were carried out. Pollen grains of each taxon ,which adhesive on the stap mounted directly, were also taken microphotography in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for detailed exine ornamentations. It was revealed that the pollen of two Daucus taxa was infratectate, tricolporate type, prolate shaped and regulate ornamentation. In addition to the systematic features of the taxa pollen morphologies is also distinctive. It was also revealed that this study will help to sort out phylogenetic relationships of between studied taxa.

KEYWORDS Daucus, Apiaceae, Pollen Morphology, Light Microscope, SEM, Turkey.

Corresponding Author: İSMÜHAN POTOĞLU ERKARA, ismuhan@ogu.edu.tr 1 ESKİŞEHİR OSMANGAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ, BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ, ESKİŞEHİR

1356

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1309

ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MESPILUS GERMANICA (L). 1

ELİF GÜLBAHÇE MUTLU , HATİCE TANER SARAÇOĞLU , NURSENA ARSLAN, EMİNE ARSLAN , GÖKHAN 2 ZENGİN

ABSTRACT Mespilus germanica L. which has an edible fruit is a medicinal plant whose therapeutic effects have historically been emphasized. In this study, we determined antioxidant capacities of methanolic extracts obtained from M. germanica fruits and seeds by using DPPH assay and Folin-Ciocaltaeu method. It was revealed that the total phenolic contents of methanolic extracts of M. germanica seeds (22.94 mgGAE/g extract) were higher than M. germanica fruits (4.67 mgGAE/g extract). Also, the seed extract (9.33 mgTE/g extract) exhibited stronger free radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay as compared to fruit extract (6.67 mgTE/g extract). Moreover, we determined antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract obtained from M. germanica fruits and seeds against 16 different bacteria by the microdilution method. While the extract of M. germanica obtained from seeds used in study did not have any effects againts bacteria, it was shown that the fruit extract was effective againts five bacteria in 32 mg/ml concentration and against eleven bacteria in 64 mg/ml concentration. Our findings could provide a starting point for further studies on M. germanica.

KEYWORDS Mespilus germanica, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Free Radical Scavenging, Phenolic Contents.

Corresponding Author: ELİF GÜLBAHÇE MUTLU, elif.mutlu@karatay.edu.tr 1 KTO KARATAY ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1357

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1311

ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF THYME OLEORESIN AGAINST B. COAGULANS 1

AHSEN RAYMAN ERGÜN , TANER BAYSAL

ABSTRACT Oleoresins (OR) are defined as a mixture of oil and resin extracted from different plants containing essential oil. Oleoresin has characteristics flavor and aroma of spices which are the same as the original. Oleoresin extraction is generally done with organic solvents, such as ethylene dichloride, acetone, ethanol, methanol, hexane, ether and isopropyl alcohol. Rosemary, garlic, ginger, thyme, basil, cumin, dill, mustard, coconut, black pepper, red pepper, celery, clove, cocoa and coriander are among the commercial oleoresins. Oleoresins and essential oils are used in processed meat, fish, vegetables, sodas, sauces, cheeses and other dairy products, floury foods, candy, snacks and beverages. Natural essential oils and oleoresins have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and are effective against microorganisms that cause food poisoning. Sauces are a permanent food media for fortification with all three of these plant materials or oils/oleoresins of these spices. Tomato sauce is an acidic product and is under risk of B. coagulans because spores of B. coagulans are able to germinate and grow at pH values as low as 4. This is an acidophilic and thermotolerant spoilage bacterium which causes foods to go flat and sour and is particularly reported for tomato based products. There is a lack of information in literature about the influence of these spice oleoresins and there are limited studies about the effects of the essential oil forms of these spices on this bacteria. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) was preferred for providing the sensory properties of foods and also its antimicrobial effects are well known. In addition the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of thyme essential oil and oleoresin also have been previously mentioned several times. For this reason in this study, the antimicrobial activity of thyme (Thymus serpyllum) oleoresin against Bacillus coagulans in a tomato based sauce was investigated. The inhibitory and bactericidal effect of oleoresin against B.coagulans ATCC 7050 was tested in the sauce media (pH 4.2 and °Brix 10). As a result, thymol as a major component of thyme oleoresin similar to its essential oil was identified with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Minumum inhibition concentration (MIC) was found as 2.5 ml/100 ml sauce for the thyme. In addition at the the end of 8 hours, with thyme 3.20 log reduction was provided.

KEYWORDS Oleoresin, thyme, essential oils, tomato sauce, MIC (Minumum Inhibition concentration), B. coagulans

Corresponding Author: AHSEN RAYMAN ERGÜN, ahsenrayman@hotmail.com 1 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1358

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1312

SOME MEDICINAL FEATURES OF SPIROGYRA MAJUSCULA AND ZYGNEMA PECTINATUM 1

KÖKSAL PABUÇCU , DERYA BAYER , TUĞBA DEMİRİZ YÜCER

ABSTRACT In this study, some medicinal features of Zygnema pectinatum and Spirogyra majuscula were investigated. Vitamin A, E capacity and antioxidant properties of Z. pectinatum and S. majuscula isolated from Ataköy Dam Lake (Tokat) were examined by HPLC and spectrophotometer. As a result of the research, Z. pectinatum was found to be richer than S. majuscula in terms of the amount of vitamins (A, E) and antioxidant properties.

KEYWORDS Zygnema pectinatum, Spirogyra majuscula, Chlorophyta, Vitamins, Antioxidant Properties

Corresponding Author: KÖKSAL PABUÇCU, koksal.pabuccu@gop.edu.tr 1 GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1359

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1313

THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LYNGBYA PORPHYROSIPHONIS 1

TUĞBA DEMİRİZ YÜCER , KÖKSAL PABUÇCU , YAVUZ BEYATLI

ABSTRACT In this study, the antimicrobial effects of extracts prepared with Lyngbya porphyrosiphonis produced in culture conditions were investigated. Extracts were prepared with 0.5 M Tris-HCL pH: 8.00, N-butanol and Ethanol. Antimicrobial activity tests were performed by disc diffusion method and the extracts were tested on microorganisms of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, Escherichia coli O 157: H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445 and Candida albicans ATCC 10239. The highest antimicrobial effect was recorded against Escherichia coli. Other test microorganisms were also affected at different levels.

KEYWORDS Cyanobacteria, Lyngbya porphyrosiphonis, Antimicrobial activity, The Disc Diffusion Method

Corresponding Author: TUĞBA DEMİRİZ YÜCER, tugbayucer@karabuk.edu.tr 1 KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ 3 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1360

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1314

GC-MS IDENTIFICATION OF ISOQUINOLINE ALKALOIDS IN GLAUCIUM LEIOCARPUM NATURALLY GROWING IN CENTRAL ANATOLIA 1

ÇIĞDEM ÇOLAK , GÜLEN İREM KAYA , MUSTAFA ALI ÖNÜR , NEHIR ÜNVER SOMER , BUKET BOZKURT

ABSTRACT Plants of the Papaveraceae family are distributed largely throughout north temperate and tropical regions of the world (1). The genus Glaucium Adans. is represented by seven species among the Papaveraceae genera found in Turkey and as known “boynuzlu gelincik” (horned poppy). Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss. is the most common species of the genus Glaucium in Anatolia (2). Isoquinolines are a widespread alkaloid class within the Magnoliales, Arostolochiales, Laurales, Piperales, Ranunculales and Papaverales with high number of biological activities (3). Glaucine, the most common alkaloid in Glaucium species, is used in some of the European countries in treatment, for its antitussive effect without creating depressing impact (4). GC-MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) has been proven a fast and reliable method for the investigation of the components in complex alkaloid mixtures. The present study deals with the GC-MS analysis of alkaloids in the aerial parts of Glaucium leiocarpum collected from Akşehir, Konya. The alkaloids were identified by comparing their mass spectral fragmentation with standard reference spectra from the NIST MS Search 2.0 (National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), or by GC/MS co-chromatography with previously isolated authentic standards. Moreover, data obtained from the literature were used for the identification of the alkaloids. Totally, nine isoquinoline type alkaloids were detected in the alkaloid extract prepared from Glaucium leiocarpum. Glaucine was found as a major constituent (% 78,42). Dehydroglaucine (% 10,83) and allocryptopine (% 4,37) were also detected as major components. Norchelidonine, N-methyllaurotetanine and isocorydine are other important compounds found among the constituents. Acknowledgements This study was financially supported by TUBİTAK (Project No: 315S064) and EBILTEM (Project No: 2016/BİL/002). We thank Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, the Research Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FABAL) for facilitating GC-MS analysis. References 1. Brummitt, R. K. 1992. Vascular plant families and genera, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2. Cullen, J. 1965. “Glaucium A.” in Davis P.H. (ed). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 1, 214, Edinburgh: University Press. 3. Bentley, K.W. 2003. Nat. Prod. Rep. 20: 342. 4. Cortijo, J., Villagrasa, V., Pons, R., Berto, L., Marti-Cabrera, M., MartinezLosa, M., Domenech, T., Beleta, J., Morcillo, E. J. 1999. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 127, 1641-1651.

KEYWORDS Glaucium, Isoquinoline alkaloids, GC-MS Corresponding Author: BUKET BOZKURT, buket.bozkurt@ege.edu.tr 1 SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ İZMİR TEPECİK EĞİTİM VE ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ 2 EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ FARMAKOGNOZİ ANA BİLİM DALI

1361

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1317

EVALUATION OF HONEYCOMB CAPPING MATERIAL FOR APOPTOTIC, NECROTIC, AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS ON VARIOUS CELL LINES 1

TE D

ABDULLAH MELEKOĞLU , SEVAL BİRDANE , MUSTAFA TÜRK , SIYAMI KARAHAN

ABSTRACT

The honeycomb capping material is natural protective biomaterial that are synthetized by bees and contains various active contents. Cytotoxic, necrotic and apoptotic effects of various concentrations of this material were evaluated on three different cell lines (L929, mouse fibroblast; DLD-1 colon adenocarcinoma cell line and H1299, lung carcinoma cell line). At the lowest concentration (0,0313mg/ml); the cell viability rates were 94.11±0.00%, 74.11 ±0.02%, and 68.3±0.01% for L929, DLD and H1299, respectively. Such rates dropped downed to %30.58±0.01%, 20.76±0.02%, and 21.85±0.012% for L929, DLD and H1299, respectively at the highest concentration tested (1mg/ml). The honeycomb capping material caused cell death essentially by necrosis other than apoptosis. At the lowest concentration (0,0313mg/ml); the necrosis rates were 3.56±1.41, 10±2.21 and 14.43±1.14 for L929, DLD and H1299, respectively. Such rates increased up to 50.33±1.05%, 65.37±1.21% and 64.51±0.56 for L929, DLD and H1299, respectively at the highest concentration tested (1mg/ml). At the lowest concentration (0,0313mg/ml), the apoptotic rate was 0% for all three cell lines that increased at a limited rate as the concentration increased. At the highest rate used (1mg/ml), the apoptotic rates for L929, DLD and H1299 were 17.77±1.05%, 1.87±1% and 4.30±1.23%, respectively. As a result, the natural material honeycomb capping causes necrosis on DLD and H1299 cancel cell line, and it causes necrosis to a great deal and apoptosis to some degree on L929 fibroblast. The valuable honeycomb capping material, secreted by bees, should be further investigated for its effects and metabolism.

KEYWORDS

Honeycomb capping material, apoptosis, necrosis, cytotoxicity

Corresponding Author: SİYAMİ KARAHAN, siyamikarahan@yahoo.com 1 İSTANBULÜNİVERSİTESİ 2 KIRIKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

1362

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1318

USE OF PROBIOTIC IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES 1

HİLAL DEMİREZEN , TUĞBA KUNDAKCI , EZGİ TOPTAŞ BIYIKLI , ALİ EMRAH BIYIKLI

ABSTRACT USE OF PROBIOTIC IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES In sustaining a healthy life, nutrition has a great importance. For healthy nutrition, beside adequate and balanced diet, there is a need for a health digestion system. Just as any inflammation or disease in digestive tract affects digestion of nutrients, it also impedes the occurrence of many functions. Especially chronic diseases in digestion system affect the nutritional state of the individual in both short and long term. Inflammatory bowel diseases, among these chronic diseases, affecting the various place in digestive tracts, show flaming together with inflammation. Inflammatory bowel disease generally has two sorts as crohn disease that can hold from mouth to anus, and ulcerative colitis that holds colon. In both diseases, diet treatment has a great importance and this treatment should continue lifelong .It was seen that some specific nutrients and supplementary can provide benefit in inflammatory bowel diseases for treatment. In the recent years, the studies toward the effectiveness of probiotics have accelerated. Probiotics are useful microorganisms present in intestines. It shows positive effects on human health, modifying bowel microbiota. AIM: In this study, it was aimed to compile the studies examining the effect of use of probiotic in inflammatory bowel diseases. METHOD: In this compilation study, with examining the actual literature studies, the effectiveness of using probiotic in protecting from inflammatory bowel diseases and in treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: The studies examining the effectiveness of probiotics, known as useful basils in intestines, in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases frequently showed positive results. In the studies, it was generally seen that probiotic supplementary was used instead of probiotic nutritional resources. In these studies, combining the various strains of probiotics or using only one strain, they were given to the individuals having inflammatory bowel diseases. In a number studies, it was observed that probiotics showed an effect improving bowel mucosa. In many studies, carried out on ulcerative colitis, a significant decrease was seen in remission and inflammations. In chron disease, in the studies toward the use of probiotic, it was frequently seen that the relapse and symptoms of disease significantly decreased. In a less number of studies, it could not be demonstrated that there was a significant effect of the use of probiotics on inflammatory bowel diseases. CONCLUSIOON: The studies carried out showed that probiotics frequently had the positive effects such as increasing emission, inflammation, and reducing symptoms on inflammatory bowel diseases. For the amount of probiotic strain that are necessary to be used, just as there is a clear suggestion, studies toward the use of natural resources of probiotics are also insufficient . For being able to offer clear suggestions on this subject, there is a need for further studies. KEYWORDS Inflammatory bowel diseases, nutrition, probiotic, crohn, ulcerative colitis. Corresponding Author: HİLAL DEMİREZEN, hilaldemirezen02@gmail.com 1 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ AKŞEHİR KADİR YALLAGÖZ SAĞLIK YÜKSEOKULU BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

1363

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1320

PHARMACOLOGICAL SEED OILS WITH NATURAL BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS: TOCOCHROMANOL PROFILING BY HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY 1

FATMA NUR ARSLAN , İSMAİL TARHAN

ABSTRACT Recently, more attention has been focused on the utilization of pharmacological seeds and their byproducts as well as oils with bioactive constituents. As is known, Pharmacological seed oils are generally extracted by cold-pressing seeds with screw or hydraulic-press techniques that are able to retain bioactive compounds such as fatty acids, phenolics, sterols or tocochromanols. The tocochromanol homologues (α-, β-, γ- and δ-Ts and TTs) are the major natural bioactive constituents of human diet and are well-known for their strong antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. As well, numerous studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits which include hypolipidemic, antiatherogenic, anti-hypertensive, allergic dermatitis suppressive, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities [1]. To the best of our knowledge, very little information has been reported on the tocochromanol profile of pharmacological seed oils. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to determine the tocochromanol profile of oils extracted by lab-scale screw-press machine in our laboratory, from black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.), wheat germ (Triticum vulgare), poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and nettle (Urtica dioica) seeds. Tocochromanol analyses were performed in these seed oils by using the optimized high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method parameters. The analyses were performed using a Develosil C30 (250×4.6 mm, 5 µm; Phenomenex Inc., USA) stainless-steel column. For optimum HPLC separation condition, mixture of eluent A (methanol: water, 99:1, v/v) and eluent B (tert-methylbutylether: methanol: water, 80:18:2, v/v/v) with a modified gradient programme. The results showed that the major types of tocochromanols detected in all analyzed samples were α-T, αTT, β-T, γ-T, and δ-T. The highest value was observed for total tocochromanol content in wheat germ oil sample (2590.06 mg/kg). The amount of individual isomers in wheat germ oil was as follows; 1894.44 ±0.36 mg/kg (α-T), 582.34 ±0.15 mg/kg (β-T), 4.63 ±0.01 mg/kg (δ-T), 24.74 ±0.05 mg/kg (α-TT), 81.17 ±0.04 mg/kg (β-TT) and 2.74 ±0.02 mg/kg (δ-T). Coriander seed oil also exhibited high amount of tocochromanol (1313.5 mg/kg) and the main homologues present in this oil were β-T (675.07 ±0.33 mg/kg), followed by δ-T (346.28 ±0.24 mg/kg) and γ-T (163.29 ±0.13 mg/kg). β-T occurred in highest concentrations in wheat germ, coriander seed, and nettle seed oil. Sesame and poppy seed oils were also established to be the excellent source of γ-T. Black cumin seed oil contained highest amount of tocotrienols, wherein tocotrienols were detected in levels of 98.43 ±0.04 mg/kg αTT, 304.21 ±0.13 mg/kg β-TT, and 17.61 ±0.03 mg/kg γ-TT respectively. Thus, the total tocochromanol content ranged from 499.66 to 2590.06 mg/kg oil, significantly wider than the Codex and similar to several literature data. References: [1] Ramesh Kumar Saini, Young-Soo Keum Corresponding Author: FATMA NUR ARSLAN, arslanfatmanur@gmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ 70100 KARAMAN/ TURKIYE 2 SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ BİYOKİMYA BÖLÜMÜ 42075 KONYA/ TURKIYE

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“Tocopherols and tocotrienols in plants and their products: A review on methods of extraction, chromatographic separation, and detection” Food Research International 82 (2016) 59–70.

KEYWORDS Bioactive constituent, Tocochromanol, Pharmacological seed oil, HPLC

1365

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1322

ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES OF TWO HALOPHYTE PLANTS YAVUZ SELIM CAKMAK

ABSTRACT Antioxidant capacities of methanol, and water extracts from Nonea caspica (Boraginaceae) and Suaeda altissima (Chenopodiaceae) were evaluated with UV-Spectrophometer. Antioxidant capacity were evaluated using different assay including free radical scavenging (DPPH and NO), reducing power (ferric and cupric), phosphomolybenum and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. Generally, N. caspica water and methanol extracts possess higher antioxidant activity compared to S. altissima water and methanol extracts. These findings showed that the N. caspica and S. altissima could serve as an important natural source of biologically active agents for using in food and pharmaceutical industry.

KEYWORDS Halophyte plants, Biological activity, Antioxidants

Corresponding Author: YAVUZ SELİM CAKMAK, yavuzselimcakmak@gmail.com 1 AKSARAY UNİVERSİTY

1366

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1323

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLICS AND ANALYTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED PHARMACOLOGICAL SEED OILS FATMA NUR ARSLAN

ABSTRACT Pharmacological seed oils as a rich source of bioactive components have been used commonly as a potential nutraceutical. They have been involved in providing health benefits such as prevention of prostate, improvement of hypercholesterolemia, arthritis and bladder compliance, retardation of the hypertension, decreasing of bladder and urethral pressure, and alleviation of diabetes, lowering the levels of cancers, and possessing high-quality antioxidant potential. Due to their specific and positive health effects, there are several studies on these oil cultivars in different regions assessing the content of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the basic analytical characteristics, total phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging activities as well as the antioxidant capacities of selected pharmacological seed oils. The oils were extracted by lab-scale screw-press machine in our laboratory, from black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.), wheat germ (Triticum vulgare), poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and nettle (Urtica dioica) seeds. A lab-scale screw press machine (15 kg seed.h-1 capacity, single head, 2hp, 1.5 kw power) in our laboratory was used for pressing of seed samples. 40 rpm screw rotation speed and 40°C temperatures were selected as process parameters. The free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), saponification value (SV) and unsaponified matter (USM) content of seed oils were determined according to AOCS official methods, respectively. Conjugated dien and trien contents of seed oils were determined by measuring the specific extinction coefficients (K232 and K270) as well as their relation or R-values (K232/K270), according to the AOCS method. The oxidative stability index values were determined according to the Cd 12b-92 AOCS official method. Total phenolic compounds, radical scavenging activities and antioxidant capacities were detected by measuring the absorbance in Lambda-25 UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 765 nm, 517 nm and 695 nm, respectively. The measurements were expressed as milligrams of gallic acid equivalents (GAEs) per gram of samples. Physicochemical characteristics of the studied oils showed that the oils have high quality and potential to be used as nutrient rich pharmacological oil. Besides, obtained results indicate selected oils’ excellent quality, with high contents of total phenolic compounds (42.950–74.230 mg GAE/kg oil), free radical-scavenging activity values (60.010−82.610 mg GAE/kg oil) and total antioxidant capacity values (269.160−520.380 mg GAE/kg oil). Thus, high content of these bioactive compounds and physicochemical characteristics make the analyzed seed oils, nutritionally and commercially valuable products. References: [1] Fruhwirth G.O., Wenzl T., El-Toukhy R., Wagner F.S., Hermetter A., Fluorescence screening of antioxidant capacity in pumpkin seed oils and other natural oils. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol., 2003, 105, 266–274.

Corresponding Author: FATMA NUR ARSLAN, arslanfatmanur@gmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ 70100 KARAMAN/ TURKIYE

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KEYWORDS Antioxidant activity, phenolics, physicochemical characteristic, pharmacological seed oil, cold pressed oil

1368

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1324

BORIC ACID EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITIES IN THE LEAVES OF SALVIA OFFICINALIS L. ÖZLEM ARSLAN

ABSTRACT Mediterranean basin where Salvia officinalis L. is mostly grown in, also contains toxic levels of boron. Toxic boron content has different effects on plant physiological and biochemical processes including disruption of growth, cell wall development, and cellular division as well as reduction in chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rates, and lignin contents. Salvia officinalis L. is a medicinal plant containing several compounds with important pharmacological activity. Boron content of the soil is very important because it leads boron accumulation in the leaves. These accumulation causes abiotic stress in the plant and since dry leaves are drunk as herbal tea, the plant that accumulate boron would be toxic to human. The aim of this study was to evaluate the boron toxicity accumulation in the leaves, to compare toxicity levels and photosynthetic activity of leaves, to understand the deteriorative effects of boron on photosynthetic pigments and to find out the boron tolerance levels of Salvia officinalis L. In this study, photosynthetic performance and pigment contents and leaf boron content were measured after 10 days application of 2.5 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM of boron in half strength Hoagland solution at optimum conditions (at 25℃, 250 µmol m-2s-1 light intensity, 16 hour light/8 hour dark, %40-50 humidity) in the controlled growth chamber. High concentrations of boron resulted in chlorosis followed by necrosis from margin to center of leaves. Therefore, at higher concentrations the chlorophyll pigments levels and photosynthetic capacity of the leaves decreased. Boron content of the leaves were increased with elevated levels of toxicity. Boron accumulation in the leaves lead abiotic stress determined by chlorosis and lower photosynthetic activity. If Salvia officinalis L. grown in boron toxic soils, the productivity of the plant will decrease and higher accumulation of boron in the leaves will threaten the human health.

KEYWORDS Salvia officinalis L., Boron toxicity, Photosynthetic activity

Corresponding Author: ÖZLEM ARSLAN, ozlem.turan@giresun.edu.tr 1 GİRESUN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1325

NEW SOURCES OF FUNCTIONAL OF FOOD INGREDIENTS: ALGAE 1

TUBA EDA ARPA , HURI İLYASOĞLU

ABSTRACT Recently, the development of functional foods has gained much interest in the food industry since the interest of consumers for healthy foods has been raised. Functional foods can be defined as foods that provide one or more functional ingredients possessing health benefits as wells nutrients. Carotenoids, polyphenols and other antioxidants, phytosterols and omega-fatty acids can be given examples for functional ingredients. Plant foods are good source of these functional ingredients. The natural sources are preferred to the synthetic one. Therefore, new natural sources of functional food ingredients have been investigated. Nowadays, the possible usage of algae as potential sources of functional ingredients has been studied. Algae have good nutritional values due to their macronutrient and micronutrient contents. Microalgae have been reported to have a greater protein quality than vegetable sources (wheat, rice, and legumes etc). Algae also include compounds with biological activity. Bioactive metabolites showing cytotoxic, antitumor, nematocidal, antifungal, antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities have been isolated from brown algae. Algae are valuable sources of polysaccharides referred as dietary fibers. Dietary fibers provide potential health benefits by reducing the risk of some diseases such as colon cancer, constipation, hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetes. Sulphated fucans from brown algae and carrageenans from red algae have been reported to show antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic activities. Soluble polysaccharides from algae can be utilized as prebiotic compounds. Algae include omega fatty acids that exhibit several health benefits such as prevention from atherosclerosis, protection against arrhythmias and reduction in blood pressure. Several different types of sterols (clinasterol, fucosterol etc) have been isolated from algae. These sterols are known to help prevent cardiovascular diseases. Algae are also good source of pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll etc.). Carotenoids that show antioxidant activities can be used as natural food colorants. Astaxanthin is a high-value carotenoid synthesized by microalgae. Although algae provide a wide range of biologically active compounds, the presence of toxic compounds should be checked before they are used.

KEYWORDS Algae, Functional food, Health

Corresponding Author: TUBA EDA ARPA, tubaedaarpa@gmail.com 1 GÜMÜŞHANE ÜNİVERSİTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1326

PHARMACOLOGICAL SEED OILS WITH NATURAL BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS: FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER PROFILING BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY 1

GÖNÜL AKİN , FATMA NUR ARSLAN

ABSTRACT Fatty acids (FAs) are the main bioactive constituents of naturally occurring lipids in both animals and plants. The FAs contained in natural samples are generally composed of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated FAs in cis- or trans- forms, with chain lengths varying from 4 to 28 carbon atoms. The variety of chain length, degree of unsaturation, geometry, and position of double bonds, render their composition the most descriptive characteristic of these lipids and their origin. The biological activities of FAs also greatly depend on the number of carbon atoms, chain branching and number, geometry and array of double bonds. Hence, the analysis of FAs profiles is of great importance in the control of industrial products, in medical diagnostics, and in the testing of purity, origin, or shelf life studies of food products. The main goal of this study was to determine the cis- and trans- isomers of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) contained in selected cold-pressed oils extracted by lab-scale screw-press machine in our laboratory, from black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.), wheat germ (Triticum vulgare), poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and nettle (Urtica dioica) seeds. FAs of cold pressed oils were converted to FAME derivatives before analysis, and their relative content was calculated as the % of the total FAs. The analyses were performed by using Develosil C30 (25 cm×0.46 cm, 5 µm; Phenomenex Inc., USA) column. The mobile phases were acetonitrile/water (A) and acetonitrile (B) used through the following gradient; 0–25 min: acetonitrile/water and 25–110 min: acetonitrile. The optimum injection volume of samples was 25 µL and FAMEs were detected spectrophotometrically at 200 nm using a photodiode array detector. Obtained results showed that FA profiles are within the official ranges for cold pressed oils specified in the Codex Alimentarius; therefore, the results obtained do not need any further comments. Nettle seed oil was clearly distinguished by their FA profile due to their far greater ∑SFA contents (40.9%) than in the other oils. It is noteworthy that all cold pressed oils contain small amounts of SFAs, whereas ∑PUFA range between 18.46% and 88.22%. The cold pressed oils studied in this work also contain small amounts of ∑trans FAs (0.03%-0.16%); and, the content of ∑MUFA is relatively high (7.38%-74.21%). Thus, in terms of adequacy, accuracy and significance, proposed method appeared to be comparable to GC applications. References: [1] Lima, E.S., Abdalla, D.S.P., 2002. High-performance liquid chromatography of fatty acids in biological samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 465, 81–91.

KEYWORDS Fatty acid, bioactive constituent, cold-pressed oil, HPLC Corresponding Author: GÖNÜL AKİN, gnlakin@gmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ 70100 KARAMAN/ TURKIYE

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1328

INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF JUJUBE (ZIZYPHUS JUJUBA) AND EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE USES 1

MÜGE HENDEK ERTOP , RABIA ATASOY

ABSTRACT Ziziphus jujuba which is also called jujube, red date, Chinese date, or Indian date is a hardcore fruit in the Rhamnaceae family. The homeland is China. It can grow in natural environments in our country just as it is distributed in many regions of the world. Although grown in wild environments, it is also cultivated in gardens. It is an ancient fruit tree that grows in temperate regions all over the world. Moreover, it is a thorny tree with yellow fragrant flowers, which are locally harvested from its fruit. Whereas its' crumb is hard and greenish before the jujube fruit is mature, it turns to red, black and purple color after maturation. Jujube fruit is usually dried in the sun and consumed as a traditional snack. The leaves of the jujube plant are used as bait. The oil obtained from the seeds of Hünnap, which is also take place in alternative medicine applications traditionally, is used for the treatment of nerve diseases in Chinese medicine. It has been consumed as chest softener, cough cutter, urine and phlegm remover, laxative and blood cleanser since ancient times. Moreover, It is also used as a cholesterol and lipid lowering fruit. Due to its' potassium content, it also helps to lower high blood pressure. The low sodium content of the fruit is a healthy choice for people who need a low salt diet. It is rich in jujube fruit, high vitamin C and water-soluble vitamins, minerals, sugars, inorganic and organic substances. Its antioxidant activity is high. In terms of their nutritional content, they have an important influence on human nutrition. Fruits also contain sugar, tannin and mucilage (exopolysaccharide) substances. In this study, basic physicochemical properties such as ash, protein and mineral contents; technological properties such as water/oil binding capasity and grain weight and various nutritional attributes such as antioxidant activity, phenolic content and mineral/protein bioavailability of jujuba fruit grown in Mersin region have been determined. In view of the present findings, except local consumption as a snack food, alternative uses have been evaluated in the food industry.

KEYWORDS Zizyphus jujuba, antioxidant activity, bioactivity, bioavailability

Corresponding Author: MÜGE HENDEK ERTOP, mugeertop@kastamonu.edu.tr 1 KASTAMONU ÜNİVERSİTESİ MÜHENDİSLİK VE MİMARLIK FAKÜLTESİ GIDA MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1331

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CHORISPORA TENALLA AND CAMPHOROSMA MONSPELIACA SUBSP. MONSPELIACA HALOPHYTE PLANTS FROM TURKEY YAVUZ SELIM CAKMAK

ABSTRACT Chorispora DC. and Camphorosma L. genus commonly grown halophyte soils, and are members of the Brassicaceae and Chenopodiaceae families, respectively. The genus Chorispora and Camphorosma consist of about 3 and 2 species, all of which grows wild in the Turkish flora. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant activities of C. tenella (PALL.) DC. and Camphorosma monspeliaca subsp. monspeliaca L. aerial part methanol and water extracts. Antioxidant capacity were investigated using different assays including free radical scavenging (DPPH and NO), reducing power (ferric and cupric), phosphomolybenum, and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of C. tenella (PALL.) DC. and C. monspeliaca subsp. monspeliaca L. at a concentration of 2 mg/ml ranged between 40.38-113.77 mg GAE/g extract and 24.07-59.26 mg RE/g extract. Generally, C. monspeliaca subsp. monspeliaca methanol extract has effective antioxidant properties compared with other samples. The obtained results suggest that the studied samples may be considered as valuable candidate for new functional foods and drug formulations development.

KEYWORDS Halophyte plants, Antioxidant capacities, Brassicaceae, Chenopodiaceae

Corresponding Author: YAVUZ SELİM CAKMAK, yavuzselimcakmak@gmail.com 1 AKSARAY UNİVERSİTY

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1332

THE EFFECTS OF RUTIN AND QUERCETIN ON APOPTOSIS IN 5FU-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN THE RATS 1

TE D

SEMIN GEDIKLI , EMIN ŞENGÜL , VOLKAN GELEN

ABSTRACT

Chemotherapy is a widely used form of treatment in various types of cancer. However, the use of chemotherapeutic drugs results in some unwanted side-effects and toxicity in various organs and tissues. 5-FU is a drug used in the treatment of cancer and some studies have shown that 5-FU causes hepatotoxicity. The Quercetin and Rutin as polyphenolic flavonoids have been shown that to help protect tissues from diverse toxicities. The aim of this study is to investigate possible histopathological effects of Rutin and Quercetin (Q) on apoptosis in 5-FU-induced hepatotoxicity. In the present study, 48 adult Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into eight groups of six rats each. The control group rats were given intragastric (ig) corn oil (1 ml) for 21 days. The 5-FU group rats were given ig corn oil for 21 days and 18th day injected intraperitoneally (ip) a single dose of 5-FU 50 mg/kg. Rutin50+5-FU and Rutin100+5-FU groups were given respectively ig corn oil 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg rutin for 21 days. These groups were injected single dose of 5-FU (50 mg/kg) in the 18th days of rutin application. Q50+5-FU and Q100+5-FU groups were given respectively ig corn oil 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg quercetin for 21 days. These groups were injected single dose of 5-FU (50 mg/kg) in the 18th days of quercetin application. The Rutin100 group was given rutin (100 mg/kg-ig) the Q100 group was given quercetin (100 mg/kg-ig) for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and their livers were removed. Then, tissue samples were performed according to routine histological procedure. The prepared 5-µm thickness sections were stained with Crossman’s modified Mallory triple staining were evaluated for any structural changes under a light microscope. For hepatic immunohistochemistry, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 staining were performed. Also, the Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 positive cell intensity were scored as follows: none = -; weak = +; moderate = ++; strong = +++; very strong = ++++. In the Crossman’s modified Mallory triple staining sections, control group’s liver had a normal microscopic structure. But, in the 5 FU treatment group’s livers were observed significantly degenerated hepatocytes with nuclear condensation and were seen sinusoidal dilatation and an increase of connective tissue around the central vein and portal area. In Bcl-2 cell density estimation, there was lower density in 5 FU group than control group. Also, immunopositivity of Bcl-2 was significantly increased in Rutin 50-5FU, Quercetin 50-5FU, Rutin 100-5FU and Quercetin 1005FU groups compared with 5 FU group. Intensity of Caspase-3 positivity was higher in the 5 FU group sections compared to the control group sections. Furthermore, immunopositivity of Caspase-3 was significantly decreased in Rutin 100-5FU groups compared with Rutin 50-5FU, Quercetin 50-5FU and Quercetin 100-5FU groups. According to our data, 5 FU can lead to apoptosis and cause evident damage in the microscopic structure of liver. In addition, these damages can be ameliorated by Quercetin treatment, especially Rutin treatment.

Corresponding Author: SEMİN GEDİKLİ, semingedikli@gmail.com 1 UNİVERSİTY OF ATATÜRK 2 UNİVERSİTY OF KAFKAS

1374

KEYWORDS Rutin, Quercetin, 5-FU, Hepatotoxicity, Apoptosis

1375

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1333

PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS USED AGAINST VARROA 1

HIDAYET TUTUN , LEVENT ALTINTAŞ , ASIM KART

ABSTRACT Beekeeping is always vulnerable to many sanitary factors. Varroa destructor, an obligated ectoparasite for honey bees in beekeeping, not only causes economic loss but also causes ecological problems related to the role of honey bees, as the most important pollinators on Earth. In this mite control; special apiary practies, physical removal and synthetic acaricides are used. However, none of these methods can provide a fully effective protection. Use of conventional acaricides lead to the development of resistance to these drugs in mite, the detrimental effect on non-targeted organisms and the residue problem in products. For this reason, the need of alternative control methods has become compulsory in recent years. It has been known that some plant oils used widely in perfumery and food industry for flavor and smell have been used as a repellent to certain insects. Due to this, intensive studies have been carried out on plants with anti-varroa potential and these studies are still going on. Recently, studies in this area have shown that vegetable essential oils such as thyme, cloves, mint, lemon grass are lethal to some insects and fungi. It has been shown that these plant essential oils have antifeedant, repellent, oviposition deterrent growth regulatory and anti-vector activities on the varroa. As a result, in countries rich in biodiversity due to endemic plant species, the essential oils used in control of this pest should be favored instead of or in combination with conventional drugs in integrated pest management programs because of the lack of harmful effects of essential oils on nontarget organisms and environment.

KEYWORDS Control, Essential oils, Varroa

Corresponding Author: HİDAYET TUTUN, hidayettutun@hotmail.com 1 MEHMET AKİF ERSOY ÜNİVERSİTESİ VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ FARMAKOLOJİ VE TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI 2 ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ VETERİNER FAKÜLTESİ FARMAKOLOJİ VE TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI

1376

Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1334

LICORICE: AN OVERVIEW OF HEALTH EFFECTS 1

MELAHAT SEDANUR MACIT , EDA KÖKSAL

ABSTRACT Wild plants and natural products have been used for centuries for health. World Health Organization emphasized the necessity of natural products and plant derived drugs in primary health care. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is one of these plants, belongs to Fabaceae family, has been consumed in traditional medicine since Prehistoric Ages. Gycyrrhiza genus has more than 30 species. G. glabra, G. inflata and G. Uralensis are the most important licorice varities. The root and the juicy extract is obtained by boiling the roots, are mainly consumption types of the plant. Bioavailable components and flavor molecules involved in conical roots and rhizomes of the plant which are the main reasons the common usage of this parts. Main bioactive component of licorice: glisirehizin is 50 times sweeter than sugar and widely use as a sweetener in different kinds of products (gums, mouth spray, candies, health products, antacids, chewing tobacco, medicines, some alcoholic beverages and herbal teas). Licorice is originated from Russia and China however it is also produced in Mediterranean countries, Southeast Europe and parts of Asia. In Turkey, there is a higher consumption of licorice sherbet in east regions especially in summer and Ramadan. There are several clinical studies reported the positive health effects of Licorice. According to these study results: licorice has antiulcer, antioxidan, antiinflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, antiprotozoa, antitumoral, antifungal effects and has also positive effects on dyspepsia. Besides these, hepatorpotective effects of licorice were also reported. As well as health benefits, licorice has been reported about some adverse effects and interactions with cardiovascular drugs. According to case reports, long term consumption of licorice is associated with hypertansion, hypopotasemia, muscle weakness due to its glycyrrhizin content which inhibits 11-11 betahidroksisteroid dehidrogenaz enzyme and cause a increase in mineralokortikoids. Studies have shown that consuming more than 95 mg/d glycyrrhizic acid causes an increase in blood pressure. The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) declared the upper intake of glycyrrhizin as 100 mg/d. Licorice and its derivatives are listed at GRAS and accepted as safe by Food Drug Administration. However, there is no data for licorice consumption for pregnant, children and adolescents (<18 years). Guidelines for glycyrrhizic acid recommend 9.5 mg/d for an acceptable daily intake. This corresponds to a maximum of 10-30 grams of rootstock and a maximum of half a teaspoon per day of rootstock tea. In short, licorice has some health benefits such as antiulcer, antioxidan, antiinflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, antiprotozoal, antitumoral, antifungal based upon its bioactive properties. It has a wide usage of in food industry as a sweetener. However, some adverse effects such as hypertansion and hipopotasemia anf food-drug interactions were also reported in case presentations by the reason of higher amounts and long-term consumptions. For this reason, it is important not to exceed its upper intake level and evaluate drug interactions. KEYWORDS Aromatic plants, licorice, health Corresponding Author: MELAHAT SEDANUR MACİT, sedanur.macit@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1335

MEDICINAL USES OF SOME AROMATIC PLANTS 1

TUBA EDA ARPA , HURI İLYASOĞLU

ABSTRACT The aromatic plants have been used in the Middle East since BC because of their flavour, preservative and medicinal properties. In both industrialized and non-industrialized countries, the demand of aromatic plants has been increased due to their antioxidant properties. More than 150 plants comprising of essential oils, oleoresins and natural extractives have been accepted as safe for human consumption. Origanum (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), bay (Laurus nobilis L.,) parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Mansf.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.,) sage (Salvia officinalis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L).are the examples of aromatic plants in the FDA list (FDA CFR Title 21) as generally recognized safe (GRAS). Aromatic plants contain protein, fibre, vitamins, and minerals. They also include phtyochemicals and essential oils possesing antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Phenolics are one of the major phytochemicals possesing antioxidant activities. The intake of phenolics is associated to a lower risk of diseases such as coronary hearth disease and cancer. Essential oils are known to be therapeuretic agents for rheumatism and dermatitis. The utilization of aromatic plants for medicinal purposes are widespread in the Middle East. The basil, bay, oregano and rosermary can be given as the examples of the most used aromatic plants for medicinal purposes. Basil is used for treatment of headaches, coughs, warts, woms, constipation, bronchitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis gastrointestinal and kindey disorder. The medicinal properties of bay leaves include the treatment of high blood sugar, migraine, headaches, bacterial and fungal infections and gastric ulcers. Its essential oil also is used for rheumatism and dermatitis. Origanum is used as diaphoretic, carminative, antispasmodic, antiseptic and tonic. Rosemary is digestive and diuretic agent. It is also used externally as antidermatosic, antipodalgic, for scurf, vaginal antiseptic, for furuncles, antiseptic, anti-infectious.

KEYWORDS Aromatic Plants, Health, Medicinal.

Corresponding Author: TUBA EDA ARPA, tubaedaarpa@gmail.com 1 GÜMÜŞHANE ÜNİVERSİTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1336

UHPLC-MS/MS DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXINS B1, B2, G1 AND G2 IN PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA PEPO L.) SEED OILS FROM CENTRAL ANATOLIA REGION OF TURKEY 1

GÖNÜL AKİN , FATMA NUR ARSLAN , ŞÜKRİYE NİHAN KARUK ELMAS , İBRAHİM YILMAZ

ABSTRACT Cucurbita pepo L. is an economically important member of Cucurbitaceae family and among the ten leading vegetable crops worldwide with an annual product. For many years, the Cucurbita pepo L. Seeds products have been commonly used in the food industry, are utilized in the pharmaceutical and alternative medicine applications. Several health benefits from its regular dietary intake have been also reported, including cancer prevention, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic and lowering of cholesterolemia. The determination of the characteristics is a very sensitive issue; hence, studies on the cold pressed pumpkinseed oils from different regions highlighted its physicochemical characteristics in respect to the oil quality. To our best knowledge, no data is available on the quality of pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) oils cultivated in central Anatolia regions in detail and no investigation has been focused on the contamination of aflatoxins by UHPLC-MS/MS. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the content of aflatoxin contamination by using validated UHPLC-MS/MS technique, for cold pressed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) oils cultivated in four different central Anatolia regions of Turkey. Thermo Quan. AccMax UHPLC-MS/MS system in combination with a coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used for analysis. A Hypersil Gold C18 reversed phase column (50×2.1 mm; 1.9 µm) was used as a chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of (A) ultra-pure water and (B) methanol at a flow rate of 0.4 mL.min-1. The injection volume was 20 µL and the column temperature was maintained at 25°C. The extraction with AflaTestP® immuno-affinity SPE cartridge columns for aflatoxin analyses was performed according to the Yang et al. [1]. Aflatoxin standard concentrations of 1–25µg.kg-1 in methanol were used for calibration curves. The correlation coefficients were obtained higher than 0.9900 for each standard. Aflatoxin contaminations were not detected in any of studied pumpkin seed oil samples. The maximum acceptable level of aflatoxin in food materials has been regulated in many countries and the legal limits may vary from one country to another, depending on the degree of development and economic consideration. The food and drug administration has set a maximum acceptable level of 20 µg.kg-1 for total aflatoxin in foods for human consumption. Thus, the obtained results indicated that the cold pressed pumpkinseed oils from central Anatolia region of Turkey in this study are safe. The findings of present study are expected to increase the knowledge on the characteristics of these valuable medicinal seed oils and provide as valuable contributions to better assess their potential as a source of functional oils in the industry. References: [1] Yang, L.X., Liu, Y.P., Miao, H., Dong, B., Yang, N., Chang, F., Yang, L., Sun, J., Determination of aflatoxins in edible oil from markets in Hebei Province of China by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit. Contam. Part B-Surveillance, 2011, 4, 244– 247. Corresponding Author: GÖNÜL AKİN, gnlakin@gmail.com 1 KARAMANOĞLU MEHMETBEY ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ KİMYA BÖLÜMÜ 70100 KARAMAN/ TURKIYE

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KEYWORDS UHPLC-MS/MS, Aflatoxin, Cucurbita pepo L., Cold-pressed oil

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1337

MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS (JACQ.) P. KUMM. COLLECTED FROM KÜTAHYA 1

HAKAN ALLI , BEKIR ÇÖL

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pleurotus ostreatus is a mushroom specimen with edible and medicinal properties and is cultivated world-wide by numerous producers. Comparing to the other widely cultured mushroom Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach, this mushroom is more resistant to diseases and hence requires relatively less chemicals making it more healthy in that respect. It is extensively consumed and known by the local people as “istiridye; oyster”, “kavak; poplar” or “kayın; beech”. For culturing and scientific purposes, this mushroom is continuously collected from different geographical regions in the world. In this study, we collected some Pleurotus specimens from Kütahya region in Turkey and determined the sequences of three barcode genes, ITS, 18S and 28S for molecular identification. Material and Methods: Genomic DNAs were isolated from the fungi samples using Qiagen plant DNA isolation kit. ITS region was amplified by PCR using universal ITS1F and ITS4 primers. Also, 18S and 28S gene regions were amplified using the appropriate primers. The PCR products were excised from agarose gel and purified to homogeneity using a PCR Gel purification kit (Fermentas). The PCR products were sequenced by Macrogen (The Netherlands). The sequences were then analyzed in Bioedit program to obtain full contig sequences. BlastN at NCBI and Mega6 was used to identify the closest species and construct phylogenetic trees, respectively. Results: ITS gene sequence was analyzed by BlastN at NCBI and the closest picks were found to be P. ostreatus, P. eryngii, P. floridanus, P. sapidus, P. spodoleucus. Also, the phylogenetic tree has shown the specimen within the same cluster with P. ostreatus and two other species. Furthermore, analysis of 18S gene region sequence by the primer NS6 has revealed the BlastN hits for P. ostreatus, P. cornucopiae, P. eryngii, P.cystidiosus and P. nebrodensis. Following 28 gene sequence analysis, however, the species of P. sapidus, P. ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, P. eryngii, P. floridanus were picked by BlastN analysis. Discussion: Phylogenetic position of the specimen P. ostreatus was discussed in light of the results of this study from the perspective of ITS, 18S and 28S gene sequences and that of current literature. The confusion and information pollution in the nucleotide sequence for this mushroom was also addressed and evaluated.

KEYWORDS Pleurotus ostreatus, ITS, 18S, 28S gene sequence, Medicinal Mushroom, Turkey

Corresponding Author: HAKAN ALLI, hakanalli@gmail.com 1 MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN FAKÜLTESİ BİYOLOJİ BÖLÜMÜ

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1338

THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL FOOD PAINS ON LIFE AND DEVELOPMENT OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER 1

MÜESSER TURAN , OSMAN BURAK KELEŞOĞLU , GÖRKEM TEYIN , EDA GÜNEŞ

ABSTRACT Food stuffs obtained by natural artificial means are additives which are generally used to increase the visibility of foods and to eliminate negative color differences that may occur during processing. In some studies, the effect of food colors such as Erythrocyte, Ponceu 4R, Sunset Yellow, Tartrazin, Amarant, Karmin, Patent Blue in model organism has been determined. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of the commercial food dye (0.01-0.1 mg / L) prepared at different concentrations to the survival and development of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (ebony). When the rate of third stage larvae, pup and adult of insects are compared with controls, It was observed that there was no difference in the growth period of the bug, which was fed with the highest concentrations, and that the proportion of adults was decreased by half. According to these results, it has been understood that the use of overdose of commercial food colors may adversely affect the mature properties.

KEYWORDS Drosophila melanogaster, food coloring, food additive, life-development, mature

Corresponding Author: MÜESSER TURAN, muesserturan@gmail.com 1 NECMETTİN ERBAKAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1339

PU-ERH TEA: COMPONENTS AND HEALTH EFFECTS 1

MELAHAT SEDANUR MACIT , EDA KÖKSAL

ABSTRACT Indroduction: Tea consumption is very common in the worldwide and by two-thirds of population drink different types of teas. Teas are preferred due to their aromatic taste and several biological effects on health based upon their antioxidant, flavanoid, theabrownin and polysaccharid contents. There are 6 types of teas as green tea, yellow tea, dark tea (including brick tea and Pu-erh tea), white tea, oolong tea, and black tea. Pu-erh tea is belong to dark teas and it is a kind of fermented tea which is produced in a widepspread manner in Yunnan province of China. The indigenes consume it as medicine, tonic, beverage, and food for energy and wellbeing. In addition to China and Southern Asia, pu-erh tea also exist in Japan, USA, Britain. Production: In pu-erh tea’s production process, tea plants’ (Camellia sinensis var. Assamica (L.) O. Kuntze; Theaceae) buds and leaves are exposed heating, rolling and drying. Secondly its fermentated with microorganisms which is a high temperature and high moisture process. Aspergillus spp. are the most widely-used of these organisms, altogether Penicillium, Rhizomucor, Mucor, Cladosporium and Eurotium are also found in pu-erh tea. Pu-erh tea is classified as raw and ripened pu-erh tea. In the production process, whether pu-erh tea leaves left for several years before fermentation at the room tempereture, it defines as raw pu-erh tea. It can be stored up to 50 years. In other case, it is held for several months and it is called ripened tea which has a shorter manufacturing time and lower the production cost. Production process influences chemical composition and quality in this manner aroma and taste and after all consumer acceptibility and choice. Health effects: Pu-erh tea is associated with several health benefits. Particularly teabrownins, the water soluble polymeric phenolic compounds derived from various polyphenols (catechins, theaflavins, thearubigins, polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and caffeine via microbial action give the health protective properties to Pu-erh tea. Pu-erh tea contains higher amounts of polymeric polyphenols due to its longer fermentation process. In a study, it was revealed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Pu-erh tea on rats. Pu-erh tea has positive effects on steatohepatitis and insulin resistance by enhancing IL-6/STAT3 signaling in hepatocytes, downregulating expression of lipogenesis- and gluconeogenesis-associated genes, upregulating PPARα. In another study, it reduced fat storage in worms by down-regulating the expression of the master fat regulator SBP-1 and subsequently decreased fat storage. It has also anti-constipation effects in mice. Neuro-protective effects by downregulating the transcription and translation of mGluR5. Pu-erh tea protected SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis induced by L-glutamate and alleviated epilepsy behaviour by inhibiting the expression ofmGluR5. Pu-erh tea has antihiperlipidemic effects and decreases body weight by suppressing diet-induced body fat accumulation in C57BL/6J mice by downregulating SREBP-1c. In a study, it was also found to decrease diabetes-induced accumulation of AGEs. There is no clear report or recommendation for the upper intake of pu-erh tea. However, in a study, 2500 mg/kg/day administraiton of it caused disturbances in embryo-to-foetus period. Conclusion: Pu-erh tea has become popular in recent years except its origin countries due to its attractive aroma and health Corresponding Author: MELAHAT SEDANUR MACİT, sedanur.macit@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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benefits such as antihiperlipidemic, anti-constipation, hepato-protective, neuro-protective, which was proven by several studies however especially on animals. Even so, consumption of higher amounts may cause health hazards. It should be emphasize to consume Pu-erh tea in relevant amounts. For this reason, future studies are needed to specify a dosage for adverse affects if there is any.

KEYWORDS Aromatic plants, Pu-erh tea, dark tea, health

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1340

IS GREEN COFFEE EFFECTIVE IN WEIGHT LOSS? 1

TESLIME ÖZGE YÖRÜSÜN , YASEMIN AKDEVELİOĞLU

ABSTRACT Green coffee is defined as raw and unroasted seeds of Coffea Rubiaceae fruits. Roasted coffee is produced when green coffee beans are processed in several stages. Significant changes occur in the color, texture and taste of the coffee beans due to degradation or conversion of some compounds found in green coffee beans by roasting. The green coffee beans contain carbohydrate, lipid, protein, chlorogenic acid (CGA), mineral, caffeine, trigonelline and free amino acids. After roasting, the content of carbohydrates, proteins, chlorogenic acids and free amino acids in the coffee bean decrease while the contents of lipids, minerals, caffeine and trigonellin do not change. In addition, the roasting of the coffee beans results in melanoids resulting from the Maillard reaction of the polysaccharides, proteins and chlorogenic acids present in the composition. With the formation of melanoids, the content of chlorogenic acid in the roasted coffee decrease. Significant differences between the composition of roasted coffee and green coffee arise due to this reason. Chlorogenic acids in the green coffee composition have been of great interest, in particular the weight loss functional effect. Studies have shown that chlorogenic acids are helpful in reducing visceral adiposity and body weight. The primary mechanism of action of chlorogenic acid on obesity is the activation of adenosine monophosphate activating protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates energy balance. AMPK activation increases fatty acid oxidation in liver and skeletal muscles. In addition, chlorogenic acid enhances hepatic expression of PPAR-α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha), which increases βoxidation of fatty acids, and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) enzyme activity. Therefore, it is considered that chlorogenic acid will reduce lipogenesis by increasing the use of fatty acids. In the randomized double blind study on 109 obese Japanese subjects, 297 mg CGA/185 g green coffee was administered to the intervention group and 2 mg CGA/185 g green coffee was administered to the control group for 12 weeks. At the end of the study body weight, body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity decreased significantly in the intervention group according to the control group. In a rat study, it was observed that for 24 weeks, CGA and caffeine intake resulted in an increase in CPT-1 activity and a decrease in lipogenesis.. Additionally, serotonin and it’s derivative melatonin which decrease the appetite and increase body weight loss were detected in green and roasted coffee beans. Studies examining the relationship between green coffee and obesity have generally used the green coffee extract called svetol. To observe only the effects of chlorogenic acids, eliminating the effect of caffeine, on obesity. Svetol is a decaffeinated green coffee extract standardized to contain about 45% CGA. In the case of obese individuals, 200 mg svetol was used 5 times a day for 12 weeks, resulting in significant reductions in body weight and body fat percentage compared to the control group. In another study, svetol supplements (400 mg/day) have been shown to reduce body weight and increase lean body mass in obese individuals. When the literature is examined, the consumption of green coffee effect on weight loss by various biochemical mechanisms due to chlorogenic acids compounds. However, caffeine amounts in green coffee is similar to roasted coffee, so it must be consumed Corresponding Author: TESLİME ÖZGE YÖRÜSÜN, tozgeyrsn@gmail.com 1 GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ BESLENME VE DİYETETİK BÖLÜMÜ

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carefully. Side effects such as headache, stomach upset, nervousness, insomnia, anxiety and arrhythmia can be seen as a result of high caffeine intake. With fewer studies done with decaffeinated green coffee, no side effect has been found yet.

KEYWORDS Green coffee,chlorogenic asids,weight loss

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1341

DISTRIBUTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BUCKWHEAT (FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MÖENCH) SEEDS 1

İLHAMI KARATAŞ , NUSRET GENÇ , RAHIME KARATAŞ , MAHFUZ ELMASTAŞ

ABSTRACT Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) belongs to the family Polygonaceae is one of the field crops, cover crop and pseudocereal. Due to significant nutritional or health-promoting properties, it has been used both in food formulation and traditional medicine. Buckwheat is rich in nutrients, such as protein, essential amino acids, lipids, unsaturated fatty acids, mineral, vitamins B1, B2 and B6. The grain of this plant contains also valuable biologically active compounds especially phenolic compounds. They are important in scavenge of reactive oxygen species as an antioxidant and prevent the development of disease. The aim of this work was to determine the phenolic compound distribution, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in buckwheat seeds. The distribution of phenolic compounds, vanilic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulik acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, rutin, quarcetin and kaempferol, were determined by high performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Antioxidant activity of the plant seeds were assed scavenging activity test against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical by spectrophotometric method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were present at levels of 1.48 mg GAE /g DW and 0.81 mg QUA/g DW respectively in buckwheat. According to HPLC results, individual phenolic compound contents were showed that the main phenolic compounds are rutin (170.16 µg/g DW ), vanilic acid (22.03 µg/g DW ), and chlorogenic acid (44.51 µg/g DW ). The other phenolic compounds were found in low quantities. Buckwheat grains extract exhibited high DPPH free radical scavenging activity with the average IC50 (1.5 mg seed/mL) was described as the sample concentration that caused a decline in the initial DPPH concentration by 50%.

KEYWORDS Buckwheat, phenolic compounds, flavonoid, HPLC, DPPH,

Corresponding Author: İLHAMİ KARATAŞ, ilhami.karatas@gop.edu.tr 1 GAZİOSMANPAŞA UNİVERSİTY, ALMUS VOCATİONAL SCHOOL TOKAT 2 GAZİOSMANPAŞA UNİVERSİTY, FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCİENCES, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMİSTRY TOKAT 3 MİDDLE BLACK SEA TRANSİTİONAL ZONE AGRİCULTURAL RESEARCH INSTİTUTE, TOKAT

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1343

DOES THE MYCOTOXIN OF FUSARIUM FUNGI HAVE GENOTOXIC EFFECT IN IN VITRO? 1

SEVCAN MAMUR , FATMA ÜNAL , DENİZ YÜZBAŞIOĞLU

ABSTRACT Does The Mycotoxin of Fusarium Fungi Have Genotoxic Effect in In Vitro? Sevcan Mamur*1, Fatma Ünal2, Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu2 (1) Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, 06830, Ankara, Turkey (2) Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey Abstract Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic secondary metabolites of fungi that may be present in food and feed. These metabolites are widely produced by fungal genera: Fusarium, Penicillium and Aspergillus. The mycotoxins of Fusarium are mainly trichothecenes, fumonisins, zearalenone, fusaric acid, moniliformin, fusaproliferin, fusariosin, fusarin C, equisetin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Mycotoxins are common contaminants of many grains like wheat, corn, barley, maize, and rice that can be contaminated in the field during harvest or storage and, can cause economic loss. In addition, mycotoxins have nephrotoxic, hepatoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and immunosuppressive effects. These effects treat of human and animal health. For these reasons the evaluation of mycotoxin genotoxicity is important. Nowadays, because of the increasing exposure to mycotoxins directly or indirectly, studies have been started to determine the toxic effects of these substances. The aim of this study is to review genotoxicity studies of Fusarium fungi in various cells in vitro. The studies of the genotoxicity of Fusarium species including ochratoxin A, fumonisin B1, moniliformin, beauvericin have been determined to have positive results in different cells. Contrary to these findings, Enniatin B has not genotoxic activity. As a result, some mycotoxins have been found to be genotoxic in certain concentrations, however this effect should also be evaluated in in vivo tests.

KEYWORDS Fusarium fungi, mycotoxin, genotoxic effect

Corresponding Author: SEVCAN MAMUR, smamur@gazi.edu.tr 1 GAZİ UNIVERSITY

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Poster Session 10 Submission ID: 1344

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TOTAL POLYPHENOL COMPOUND KINETICS DURING SOLID–LIQUID EXTRACTION OF LINDEN (TILIA CORDATA) PLANT 1

DOĞANAY YÜKSEL , AHMET LEVENT İNANÇ

ABSTRACT Different plants and herbs were relied on as the only real medicine that people could rely on for years. Today, modern medicine has overtaken most of them and has managed to solve many health-related problems. While natural remedies certainly can't replace modern medical procedures, they can still help in a variety of ways. Mild health problems can often be relieved through their use and many other problems can be prevented when these remedies are used as preventatives. The flowers can be used to make herbal tea which is used to treat anxiety since the herb exerts a soothing effect on the body, helping calm the nerves and treat sleep disorders as well. There are several different subspecies of linden that can be used medicinally and all may have a slightly different taste. Linden tea is one of the most effective natural remedies and has been used for centuries. When it is administered regularly, it can help with a wide range of different health issues. Since plants of Tilia (Tiliaceae) genus show both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, such functional properties are associated with polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids. Therefore, time-temperature relation is important in the infusion of linden, which is rich in total phenolic compounds. In this study, the transfer times of polyphenols to liquid phase in solid-liquid extraction of linden plants that were brewed at different temperatures were investigated and kinetic modeling was carried out. linden plant (Tilia cordata) tea was prepared according to the conventional method. The dry linden leaves were milled and passed through a 3 mm sieve. The ground linden leaves placed on the steel brewing screen were immersed in deionized water at different 5 constant temperatures. A constant and low speed rotating magnetic stirrer was used for homogenized linden extraction. A sample of 5 ml extract was withdrawn at different time intervals and filtered. Extraction process was carried out until the extraction concentration at each temperature was not changed. The total phenolic compound of the sample was determined by spectrometric method and was expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g/L. Using differential method, the kinetics of solid-liquid extraction of total phenolic compounds were determined. The mean equilibrium concentration of the experimental total phenolic compound in the liquid phase at 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 ° C was 41 g / L. The significant rate changes were observed depending on the temperature at the transfers from the solid phase to liquid phase. The best function models giving the mathematical equations of the concentrations-time changes of the of the total phenolic substance in the liquid phase at these temperatures are exponential rise to maximum; simple exponent, 3 parameters (y= y0 +a(1-bx)). The coefficients of determination of these functions (R2) were found between 0.9910-0.9829.

Corresponding Author: AHMET LEVENT İNANÇ, linanc@ksu.edu.tr 1 KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ

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KEYWORDS Tilia Cordata, kinetic, total polyphenol, extraction

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